ML14252A180
| ML14252A180 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Fermi  |
| Issue date: | 08/29/2014 |
| From: | Keegan M Don't Waste Michigan |
| To: | Rules, Announcements, and Directives Branch |
| References | |
| 79FR36837 00025, NRC-2014-0109 | |
| Download: ML14252A180 (12) | |
Text
Page 1 of 3As of: September 03, 2014Received: August 29, 2014PUBLIC SUBMISSION IStatus: PendingPostTracking No. ljy-8e2q-et6OComments Due: August 29, 2014Submission Type: WebDocket: NRC-2014-0109License Renewal Application; Fermi 2 -MComment On: NRC-2014-0109-0003 ' "..DTE Electric Co., Fermi 2; Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact StatementDocument: NRC-2014-0109-DRAFT-0021 .< -- F-Comment on FR Doc # 2014-15281 C711AmSubmitter InformationName: Michael KeeganSubmitter's Representative: Michael J. KeeganOrganization: Don't Waste MichiganGeneral CommentPlease accept these Comments into the record for Fermi 2 License Renewal Application.Beaver Impact On Wetlands:No where in the Fermi 2 License Renewal Application Environment Report is mention made of the rise ofbeaver population in Monroe County and how their growth and presence may affect the wetlands, those to beimpacted and the new ones to be built to replace the proposed destroyed ones. (Beaver Population on Rise inMonroe County, Monroe Evening News 12/4/2012) The omission leaves questions about whether other issuesdid not receive assessment, since beavers were not mentioned.Detroit River again becoming home to beaver reads the AP story from March 18, 2013. The story as it appears:"Updated 9:53 am, Monday, March 18, 2013DETROIT (AP) There's new evidence that the Detroit River once again is becoming home to the beaver,according to officials working improve the health of the river.A trail camera set up at DTE Energy Co.'s River Rouge Power Plant in 2013 recorded images of a beaverdragging a small tree into the river, the Detroit Free Press reported (http://on.freep.com/146tqQM ) Monday. Itcould be part of a sustained comeback."They could be expanding their range," said John Hartig, manager of the Detroit River International WildlifeRefuge.Following a long absence, a beaver sighting was reported in 2009 at DTE's Conners Creek power plant alongthe Detroit River. He moved on during that summer, but later was spotted having returned with a family. Beaversightings also have been reported on Belle Isle.https://www .fdms.gov/fdms-web-agency/component/contentstreamer?objectld=09000064818515f9&for... 09/03/2014 Page 2 of 3http://www.seattlepi.comlbusiness/energy/article/Detroit-River-again-becoming-home-to-beaver-4362805.phpRead more: http://www.seattlepi.conmbusiness/energy/article/Detroit-River-again-becoming-home-to-beaver-4362805.php#ixzz2NvanEiJ7Read more: http://www.seattlepi.conibusiness/energy/article/Detroit-River-again-becoming-home-to-beaver-4362805.php#ixzz2NvaTrFZS " The Environmental Report is inclomplete.Beavers have the capability of suddenly and devastatingly altering wetlands, nothing in the EnvironmentalReport has addressed this beaver concern. We request that a ER be done to include beaver wetland modificationpotential at the Fermi 2 site through year 2045.Bald Eagle -The U.S. Fish and Wildlife inform:Your list should also include the bald eagle, as they are documented to nest in and near theproject area. Although no longer protected under the Endangered Species Act, bald eagles,along with their foraging and winter roosting habitat, remain protected pursuant to the Baldand Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) and Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). Disturbanceof these birds should be minimized and any resulting take must be permitted by the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service (Service).Bird Kills From Cooling TowersThe License Renewal Application has not taken into consideration the number of bird kills resulting from twoCooling Towers at Fermi 2 that will result over extended 20 year license renewal. Please enter into the recordthe attached 1979 study entitled Cooling Towers as Obstacles in Bird Migration which took a look at bird killsat Davis-Besse which has one Cooling Tower. Recently the Kirkland Warbler was identified as being potentiallyimpacted by Davis-Besse. There is no discussion of this federally endangered species in the Fermi 2 LRA.Please see that this is addressed.Algae Bloom ContributionAlgae blooms of particular concern in Lake Erie is Microcystis spp., a phytoplanktonic species of blue-greenalga that can produce a substance (microcystin) that is toxic to fish and other organisms when concentrations arehigh enough.Mycrocystis spp. Blooms can affect water quality as well as the health of human and naturalresources. General consensus is that algae blooms initiate in the western Lake Erie basin. What is the ThermalContribution of Fermi 2 to Algae Blooms, we are requesting that there be a multivariate analysis conducted by aqualified independent third party.Thermal Discharge Impact on Algae BloomsAnother assault on Great Lakes water degradation is due to thermal discharges. Public and occupational healthcan be compromised by activities at the Fermi site that encourage the growth of disease-causing microorganism(etiological agents). Thermal discharges from Fermi 2 into the circulating water system and Lake Erie have thepotential to increase the growth off thermophilic microorganismsThese microorganisms could give rise topotentially serious human health concerns, particularly at high exposure levels. This would endanger the wholebio-region, yet there is only tertiary discussion in the ER of thermal contribution from Fermi 2, and how it willbe mitigated. Forty-five million gallons per day of discharge averaging 18 degrees F above ambient Lake Erietemperature. This compounds the Algae BloomsThank youMichael J. KeeganDon't Waste Michiganhttps://www.fdms.gov/fdms-web-agency/component/contentstreamer?objectld=09000064818515f9&for... 09/03/2014 Page 3 of 3AttachmentsBird Kills at Davis-Besse -Towershttps://www.fdms.gov/fdms-web-agency/component/contentstreamer?objectld=09000064818515f9&for... 09/03/2014 Wildlife Damage Mlanagement, hiternet Center forBird Control Seminars ProceedingsUniversity of Nebraska -LincolnYear 1979COOLING TOWERS AS OBSTACLESIN BIRD MIGRATIONSManfred TemmeBowling Green State UniversityWilliam B. JacksonBowling Green State UniversityThis paper is posted at DigitalCommons~tUniversity of Nebraska -Lincoln.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmbiidcontrol/16 111COOLING TOWERS AS OBSTACLESIN BIRD MIGRATIONSManfred Temme andWilliam B. JacksonEnvironmental Studies CenterBowling Green State UniversityTall, man-made structures, such as radio and television towers, monuments, smokestacks, light houses and other buildings, are known to be lethal obstructions tomigrating birds. Not only the tower itself, but the associated guy and electrical wiresmay cause injury or death to birds, especially the nocturnal migrants. A vast number ofmortality reports have already emerged across the country, indicating the seriousnessand extent of this problem.Tall TV towers seem to be the most hazardous to avian migrants, causing losses up to2000 birds in several nights during fall migration in Florida (Stevensen 1956, 1958). Dur-ing an entire fall season 4900 birds were collected at a TV tower in Ontario (Hoskin1975). Numbers occasionally reach as high as 30,000 birds, as reported from the TVtower at Eau Claire, Wisconsin for two nights in September 1963(Kemper 1964). An ex-tensive annotated bibliography on this subject has been compiled by Avery et al. (1978).Information on mortalities at nuclear power plant structures are relatively scanty;monitoring programs have been initiated at only a few sites. Such observations havebeen undertaken at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant, where the number of bird killswas lower than reported for many TV towers. Observations also were begun at the four370-foot cooling towers at Three Mile Island Nuclear Station on the Susquehanna River.During their preoperational reporting period (1973-1974) mortalities were very low (37specimens). Also during the 1974-1975 operational period, only 29 mortalities werereported (Pentecost and Muraka 1976; Mudge and Firth 1975). No detailed reports areknown to be available from the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant situated near Portland,Oregon in the Columbia River Valley, which has a. natural draft tower identical to that atthe DavisLBesse Plant. Mortalities were reported by Dr. Stanley C. Katkansky, theirecologist, to be of little significance. Only occasional incidents at the tall stacks atDetroit Edison's Monroe, Michigan plant and the cooling tower at the nearby Fermi sitehave been reported (Jackson et al. 1977).At the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant on the SE shore of Lake Erie near Port Clin-ton, the shell of a large, natural-draft cooling tower (495 ft high, and 410 ft wide at thebase) was constructed during 1972 and the spring of 1973.Regular observations andmonitoring studies were carried out each subsequent spring and fall migration season.Results during the initial observation periods (fall 1972, spring and fall 1973) were sum-marized by Rybak et al. (1973).The goals of this study were:1. To study the bird-strike incidents during the pre-operational and operationalperiods.2. To identify numbers of species and individuals affected at the different struc-tures and buildings.3. To determine through necropsy the extent of injury.4. To evaluate the relationships between mortalities and weather patterns.5. To determine the effects of site lighting on the number of mortalities.MethodsAt the Davis-Besse site, bird mortality has been monitored for the seventh con-secutive spring and eighth fall migration seasons. The surveys consisted of almost dally,early-morning site visits in spring between mid-April and mid-June; In fall, between thefirst of September and late October. The procedure included examination of the roofareas and the grounds around the reactor-turbine building complex and the base of thecooling tower.Areas under major guy wires, transmission lines, a meteorological tower, amicrowave tower, as well as around the cooling tower were inspected. All surveys in-cluded the recording of current environmental conditions, numbers and species ofbirds, and their locations. All birds collected were frozen for later necropsy.Beginning in fall 1976, test runs involving the cooling tower operation occurred. The 112subsequent sloshing water in the tower base prevented determination of the locationsof some mortalities, and an unknown number of birds drifted away through the wateroutlets. Many birds, however, were scooped up with a long-handle dip-net. Often somecould be retrieved only after they had been drifting for several days and were badlydecomposed, making detailed examinations difficult. However, with the help of areference collection, it was possible to identify most of these carcasses.Results and DiscussionsDuring the mortality monitoring periods between fall 1972 and fall 1979, a total of1561 bird carcasses were collected at the Davis-Besse site. Of that total 1229 birds(78.7%) had collided with the cooling tower, 224 (14.2%) with the Unit 1 structures(turbine and reactor building), and 110 (7.0%) at the guy wires or the weather tower onthe site (Table 1). The majority of birds that collided with the tower were small songbirds(Passeriformes) (Table 2). Most were nocturnal migrating species, especially warblers(family Parulidae), vireos (Vironidae), and kinglets (Sylviidae). Larger birds, such as themany waterfowl species that abound in the adjacent marshes and ponds, virtually werenot involved.During the spring migrations, 483 carcasses (30.9%) were found, consisting mostlyof warblers (55.7%), fringillids (10.4%), and "others", which included rails, thrushes,blackbirds, vireos, brown creepers, woodpeckers, and pigeons. Golden-crownedkinglets and ruby-crowned kinglets rarely were found in spring at the Davis-Besse struc-tures (Fig. 1). Similar observations also were made at the Leon County, Florida TV-tower(Stoddard 1962 and Crawford 1973). Differential spring and fall migration patterns ofthese kinglets may be responsible for this phenomenon.The most common warblers killed during the spring period 1972 through 1979 werethe magnolia warbler (Dendrolca magnolia) and yellowthroat (Geothlypis tdichas),followed by Nashville warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) (Table 3). Other warbler specieswere found in still smaller numbers over the years. In contrast, the Leon County, FloridaTV-tower spring kills of the first two species were either small or almost nonexistent incontrast to greater kills in fall. At that tower, only one specimen of the Nashville warblerwas found in October (Stoddard and Norris 1967).The overall results of spring mortalites at the Davis-Besse plant reflect typical migra-tion patterns and are, in contrast to fall patterns, spread more narrowly over only a fewweeks. This is especially apparent with the magnolia warbler and the bay-breastedwarbler (Dendroica castanea) (Fig. 2). Kills of red-eyed vireos (Vireo ofivaceus) in springwere found to be almost as high as in fall (Fig. 2). A similar ratio was found at the LeonCounty, Florida TV-tower (Stoddard and Norris 1967).In fall seasons after nesting, kills (1071 specimens [68.9%] were more frequentbecause of larger numbers of birds migrating. Again warblers were most affected(56.5%). Both species of kinglets, (23.0%) were well represented (in contrast to thespring seasons), while numbers of mimids and finches were lower (Tables 1, 2, and 3).Late in the season both species of kinglets, magnolia warbler, yellowthroat, and the red-eyed vireo were found in relatively large numbers (Fig. 1, 2, and 3).In the spring most birds (54%) were recovered in the NE sector of the cooling tower.This suggests that the birds striking the southern exposure of the tower may havedrifted, while falling, with the southwesterly wind and/or other currents around the towerto the NE sector (Fig. 4A). The picture was reversed during the fall season, when mostcarcasses (52%) were found in the SE sector (fig. 4B). Birds striking the tower from thenorth or northeast may have drifted with prevailing northwesterly winds around thetower to the more southeastern locations.In general, mortality patterns and composition of species agreed with the resultsfound by many other observers, who reported that warblers most frequently were killedat towers. Others also reported numerous kills of kinglets and often thrushes.Necropsy ExaminationNecropsy examination included determinations of the extent of hematoma under theskull, presence or absence of bone fractures (humerus, ulna, radius, tibiotarsus, andtarsometatarsus), bill damage, and "broken" neck and skulls. Each bird collected wasaged by determining the degree of skull ossification. These data are summarized for theperiod from 1972-1979. Most frequent injuries were to the head and bill, indicating theoccurrence of frontal impact (Table 4). Red-eyed vireos, however, suffered significantlyless bill injuries than warblers and kinglets (paired t-test, P<0.001).Weather Patterns and MortalitiesSpring:Past observations and analyses by W.A. Peterman have shown that bird mortalities 113tend to be related to low pressure systems, with migration occurring on the trailing edgeof highs in advance of an oncoming cold front, with southerly wind flow. This synopticweather pattern is often accompanied with warm front-type of precipitation, haze, lowcloud ceiling, and poor visibility.Fall:In fall, migration mortalities tend to be associated with the occurrence of highpressure. Increased migration of insectivorous birds usually follows a cold frontpassage, associated with northerly flow of air. Also in the fall, mortality occurs inassociation with adverse weather conditions.Illumination Patterns at the StructuresNo accurate or precise data apparently exist that define lighting patterns during theearly construction period at the Davis-Besse structures. During favorable weather, con-struction continued at night, and working areas were Illuminated with incandescent andmercury vapor lights. It was during this phase that considerable numbers of bird strikesoccurred.In 1976 formal revisions of the site lighting system were recorded, but these occurredonly around the Unit I buildings. Apparently no changes were made at the cooling tower,which generally utilized red navigation lights at night and white strobe lights during theday.In 1977 mercury lights were installed around the Unit I buildings, but no changeswere made in the cooling tower area. In the spring of 1978 light intensity readings weretaken at ground level. The average of 105 readings was 1.7 foot candles.By the spring of 1979 a conversion to high-pressure sodium-vapor lights had beencompleted for all areas, including the road and switchyard areas adjacent to the coolingtower. Light intensity readings, supposedly comparable to those taken in 1977, resultedin an average of 4.6 foot candles. This is nearly three times the light intensity recordedunder the mercury lights.Light intensity readings around the cooling tower base or at several elevations of thetower are not available for any period of its history. Consequently, only speculation ispossible relative to lighting patterns and bird strikes. At the current time light readingsalong the adjacent road are 1.0 foot candles or less. Along the tower base adjacent tothe road, light readings were 0.15 to 0.25 foot candles. On the opposite tower side, noreadings were obtainable. (Floodlamps mounted adjacent to the tower base are not nor-mally used.)Although the majority of these sodium-vapor, orange-colored lights were installedaround the Unit I structures and the adjacent switchyard, diffuse light indirectly il-liminates the tower, especially the S, SE, and E sections. Night observations during atime with low cloud ceiling and light drizzle revealed that it is possible to see the towereasily and even recognize the concrete seams from top to bottom. Under such condi-tions birds should have been able to see the tower early enough to avoid a collision,even if the tower had been approached from the NE. The north and west faces of thetower are darker, but are still recognizable as a silhouette because of sufficient ambientlighting.Various lighting designs or warning devices have been considered to ameliorate thebird strikes at towers. Preliminary Canadian work indicated that red flashing lights work-ed best to catch the attention of birds, but it has not yet been determined whether thesefindings can be adapted to induce aversion (Belton 1976, Solman 1976). At the Davis-Besse plant, when using the white strobe lights on top of the cooling tower during twomigration periods (spring, fall 1975), no deviation from previously experienced mortalitypatterns was indicated. Normally only the red navigation lights are used at night. In bothcases, birds may not have been aware of the large structure beneath the lights, sincethey, especially in adverse weather, do not illuminate the tower wall itself.Gunn (1972) suggested that diffuse lighting, rather than glaring lights should be usedand that the obstacle be lighted by red, orange, or blue light (Gunn 1972). With low-leveldiffuse light, birds would not be attracted and become disoriented or blinded and unableto find their way out of the dangerous zones. Observations at the lighthouse on the Ger-man Island of Helgioland illustrate this relationship. Before World War I mortalities ofmigrating birds were extremely high, and occasionally thousands of birds were killed ina single night. The birds were blinded by the strong light source and did not see the dark,unlit walls around or beneath the lamps. After several additional low-wattage lamps,which illuminated the concrete structures of the building, were installed, mortalitieswere drastically reduced. In recent times additional street lamps are also contributing tothe visibility of the concrete lighthouse tower at night (F. Goethe in litt.)
114The International Peace Monument on South Bass Island (Lake Erie), a few milesaway from the Davis-Besse plant, now is not lighted during migration periods and hasnegligible kills. This is in contrast to the past when the tower had been flood-lighted.The declining mortalities, recently observed at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant,seem to agree with these observation patterns. Most mortalities occurred at the coolingtower, especially after the construction lights were removed. After that time the towerwas relatively dark. After the completion of the Unit I structures and the installations ofmany safety lights around these buildings in fall 1978, mortalities dropped considerably.A further reduction in fall mortality (1979) may be associated with the recent change tothe more powerful high-pressure sodium-vapor lights.Literature CitedAvery, M.L., P.F. Springer, and N.S. Dailey. 1978. Avian mortality at man-madestructures: an annotated bibliography. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-78/58:108pp.Belton, P. 1976. Effects of interrupted light on birds. National Research Council ofCanada, Field Note 73:12pp.Crawford, R.L. 1974. Bird casualties at a Leon County, Florida TV tower: October1966-September 1973. Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Sta. 18:27pp.Gunn, W.W.H. 1972. An examination of the bird impact problem at the Nanticoke plantof the Ontario Hydro Electric System, phase II. Autumn 1972. EnvironmentalResearch Associates, Toronto. 15pp.Hoskin, J. 1975. Casualties at the CKVR TV tower, Barrie. Nat. Can. 4(2):39-40.Jackson, W.B., M. Temme, and W.A. Peterman. 1977. Semi-annual report, Davis-Bessebird hazard monitoring contract. Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green,Ohio 43403. 21pp.Kemper, C.A. 1964. A tower for TV, 30,000 dead birds. Audubon Mag. 66(2):86-90.Mudge, J.E. and R.W. Firth, Jr. 1975. Evaluation of cooling tower ecological effects-anapproach and case history. American Nuclear Society, 21st Annual Meeting, June12, New Orleans.Pentecost, E.D. and I.P. Muraka. 1976. An evaluation of environmental data relating toselected nuclear power plant sites-the Three Mile Island nuclear station site. Div. ofEnviron. Impact. Stud., Argonne NatI. Lab, Argonne, I11.Rybak, E.J., W.B. Jackson, and S.H. Vessey. 1973. Impact of cooling towers on birdmigration. Proc. Sixth Bird Control Seminar, Bowling Green State University:187-194.Solman, V.E.F. 1976. Aircraft and birds. Proc. Seventh Bowling Green Bird ControlSeminar, Bowling Green State University:83-88.Stevenson, H.M. 1956. Fall migration: Florida region. Audubon Field Notes 10(1): 19-22.Stevenson, H.M. 1958. Fall migration: Florida region. Audubon Field Notes 12(1):21-26.Stoddard, H.L., Sr. 1962. Bird casualties at a Leon County Florida TV tower, 1955-1961.Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Stat. 1:94pp.Stoddard, H.L. Sr., and R.A. Norris. 1967. Bird casualties at a Leon County, Florida TVtower: an eleven-year study. Bull, of Tall Timbers Res. Sta. 8:104pp.DISCUSSIONQ: You mentioned that you checked the age of these birds. Do you have any figureson categories? Were the ones killed all juveniles or mature birds?A: We find both, but I don't have the percentages right now.Q: How did you arrive at the idea that they flutter around the tower before they strikethe tower?A: That is just an hypothesis. We haven't yet been able to see actual birds doing this.We have tried several techniques. We worked with self-made ceilometers to watchbird flight at nights, and we used small portable radar systems. We found relativelyfew birds.
115Table 1. Number of birds recovered at Davis-Besse Nudear Power Station site duringthe spring and fall seasons from 1972-1979.SON INCUSTYaior.PAT Tolal1iam 24-11r RXIF/ z0 5~ISM 7017 D18 i48171~125417.444176576248.8483100.0To:Ial$i34'471 25511.4Year1 i3t 2K-241976.197'71i-waTn:'.eiCjT56-27912513115.87826.0fALLF.S47,5215222067.67NIT TPL.PI107* 3626 .10,11,0, Io.0CT olniA~ST7=L'nit 1:3IruclurGs0PI= MN-0oincbtza'i IdV.8i 116Table 2. Families represented in birds recovered at Davis-Besse Nuclear Power plantsite during the spring and fall migration periods from 1972-1979.1SECtES 1973 .1974 .1975 1D71. 1977 1r78 1 7 0 T.Wl. %sKnglet. 1 D 9 5 3 1 1 2D 4.1Warble i.L. 20 i'22. 21 34 15 5 65 2693 55.711 14 0 ? 5 2:. W ' 1014.Mirnl.d 6 6 0 4 1 1 1 19 3.9DOtILfzvs 6 :12 15 12 13 -N) 9 110 22.6l.Jntdrtifis,, 2 1 3 Ii 1 0 25 ..1TOTA1LS 44 1YO f r; aa 715 18 483 100.0FALLBPEO4ES 1972 "975 1974 *975 1075 1,977 ,978 179toL.talsrKnglels 40 91 33 S3 17 ,1 246i 28.'W--rbiý', 7 S,..B 17. 913 119 9_1 43 .25 .8EE 56.5500fles -b 2 6 6 q '3 .36 a4'ý-mh0,da 1 C.. 0 ( 1 0 2 0.2O6he. .2_ 4 16 27 14 1- 5 1.0. 1.?Unlidntlread 0 16 13 0 2 1.3 10 1 55 5 1TOTALS 10 103 3339 :56 2L7 16 1 7-11 '13.5 i(.: ico.o 117Table 3. Comparison of birds killed at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant betweenspring (1973-1979) and fall (1972-1979) seasons. Only bird species with at least sevenmortalities in either season are summarized.%E'ISCE*5 no..c) blrd! rci. :-A baiIs .slaliuoaJy scbniiirrd,-tin tirring in rall difrt',f.f'iie, X2B ýanl Ce 2 8Cotirlds 1.3 2 ...U.ddei-c Cc~wed Kinglel I 92 +Th.itr-r r ed Krgleul , 19. 154 ...Vifre 6 12rc r 17 ' 1T n 'Wort:4~r' i.-t1-Nn3nvt'l, W'ar-Ier 2 / 4/YelI,' 'WarDIle- 12 3M4gr.?. "- 'l'blr" 4,C" 105Bacd-ttroat-d Blue 'arlw6r A 14,di.arti." 1.2 14.%ack-th rct45d G'6n;,ri "'tirhkfft 3 MChe.lnul-sked Warblsr 11 15.P tbroastd 'Wbrbltfr o 66Bl1scki. Wercier .2 ;..13l6,~ V/ 'arb.er 1? 7.eWnblrd I3d "t'/nrhh;.'*. 1 7A'lLr"j)a nWaibler f bAyr'nrlcap feds.taar:. 2-'." 26Swign Sr.irr*w' G, 7~kjruiIc:~iti if1reIeflce:p~;aas:m~' jLjnifi~anI vitIvi~nr~cj .P<QCC)¶.
Table 4. Summary of necropsy examinations of Davis Besse site avian mortalities fall 1972 -fall 1979FAMILYsite orlypW of iijiuryHIEMATOMIA ON HEAD HEMATO'MA CRUSHED FRACUR.S awLk MEC NO 40. BIRDG.Il~tfl heax on.breesl sruk rUbin). lTera- wing ir*uy tftk~en. ýigS trrnrnrt'irsug "-[a--iarqusScokcpac O-AeCd' iridaeTyiuinida.tiHimnitildace10arthld SoCF.VtrlylidaeeTrvr~dae:Sifzi.rrillasVlrsonidlauPei.ulicfacIcterd4asThrakok~t:e*Ffkgr~idaeIF.". entaTrzi3LsA7.I2.31I211 11!11I111114.4136925526-3414111"2" 14I'151 1 9:1 91 I12 DID 1 15 213 a 55 32 113 .5 .26 581Fj. 33'A a(eq 327 10 40 51 5 M~ 1?7:1"; r5 1018a. a slnls bird rny be cited in oae or rroreacU.rme.