ML14252A180
| ML14252A180 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Fermi  |
| Issue date: | 08/29/2014 |
| From: | Keegan M Don't Waste Michigan |
| To: | Rules, Announcements, and Directives Branch |
| References | |
| 79FR36837 00025, NRC-2014-0109 | |
| Download: ML14252A180 (12) | |
Text
Page 1 of 3 As of: September 03, 2014 Received:
August 29, 2014 PUBLIC SUBMISSION IStatus: PendingPost Tracking No. ljy-8e2q-et6O Comments Due: August 29, 2014 Submission Type: Web Docket: NRC-2014-0109 License Renewal Application; Fermi 2 -M Comment On: NRC-2014-0109-0003
' "..DTE Electric Co., Fermi 2; Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement Document:
NRC-2014-0109-DRAFT-0021
.< -- F-Comment on FR Doc # 2014-15281 C71 1Am Submitter Information Name: Michael Keegan Submitter's Representative:
Michael J. Keegan Organization:
Don't Waste Michigan General Comment Please accept these Comments into the record for Fermi 2 License Renewal Application.
Beaver Impact On Wetlands: No where in the Fermi 2 License Renewal Application Environment Report is mention made of the rise of beaver population in Monroe County and how their growth and presence may affect the wetlands, those to be impacted and the new ones to be built to replace the proposed destroyed ones. (Beaver Population on Rise in Monroe County, Monroe Evening News 12/4/2012)
The omission leaves questions about whether other issues did not receive assessment, since beavers were not mentioned.
Detroit River again becoming home to beaver reads the AP story from March 18, 2013. The story as it appears: "Updated 9:53 am, Monday, March 18, 2013 DETROIT (AP) There's new evidence that the Detroit River once again is becoming home to the beaver, according to officials working improve the health of the river.A trail camera set up at DTE Energy Co.'s River Rouge Power Plant in 2013 recorded images of a beaver dragging a small tree into the river, the Detroit Free Press reported (http://on.freep.com/146tqQM ) Monday. It could be part of a sustained comeback."They could be expanding their range," said John Hartig, manager of the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge.Following a long absence, a beaver sighting was reported in 2009 at DTE's Conners Creek power plant along the Detroit River. He moved on during that summer, but later was spotted having returned with a family. Beaver sightings also have been reported on Belle Isle.https://www .fdms.gov/fdms-web-agency/component/contentstreamer?objectld=09000064818515f9&for...
09/03/2014 Page 2 of 3 http://www.seattlepi.comlbusiness/energy/article/Detroit-River-again-becoming-home-to-beaver-4362805.php Read more: http://www.seattlepi.conmbusiness/energy/article/Detroit-River-again-becoming-home-to-beaver-4362805.php#ixzz2NvanEiJ7 Read more: http://www.seattlepi.conibusiness/energy/article/Detroit-River-again-becoming-home-to-beaver-4362805.php#ixzz2NvaTrFZS " The Environmental Report is inclomplete.
Beavers have the capability of suddenly and devastatingly altering wetlands, nothing in the Environmental Report has addressed this beaver concern. We request that a ER be done to include beaver wetland modification potential at the Fermi 2 site through year 2045.Bald Eagle -The U.S. Fish and Wildlife inform: Your list should also include the bald eagle, as they are documented to nest in and near the project area. Although no longer protected under the Endangered Species Act, bald eagles, along with their foraging and winter roosting habitat, remain protected pursuant to the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) and Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). Disturbance of these birds should be minimized and any resulting take must be permitted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service).
Bird Kills From Cooling Towers The License Renewal Application has not taken into consideration the number of bird kills resulting from two Cooling Towers at Fermi 2 that will result over extended 20 year license renewal. Please enter into the record the attached 1979 study entitled Cooling Towers as Obstacles in Bird Migration which took a look at bird kills at Davis-Besse which has one Cooling Tower. Recently the Kirkland Warbler was identified as being potentially impacted by Davis-Besse.
There is no discussion of this federally endangered species in the Fermi 2 LRA.Please see that this is addressed.
Algae Bloom Contribution Algae blooms of particular concern in Lake Erie is Microcystis spp., a phytoplanktonic species of blue-green alga that can produce a substance (microcystin) that is toxic to fish and other organisms when concentrations are high enough.Mycrocystis spp. Blooms can affect water quality as well as the health of human and natural resources.
General consensus is that algae blooms initiate in the western Lake Erie basin. What is the Thermal Contribution of Fermi 2 to Algae Blooms, we are requesting that there be a multivariate analysis conducted by a qualified independent third party.Thermal Discharge Impact on Algae Blooms Another assault on Great Lakes water degradation is due to thermal discharges.
Public and occupational health can be compromised by activities at the Fermi site that encourage the growth of disease-causing microorganism (etiological agents). Thermal discharges from Fermi 2 into the circulating water system and Lake Erie have the potential to increase the growth off thermophilic microorganismsThese microorganisms could give rise to potentially serious human health concerns, particularly at high exposure levels. This would endanger the whole bio-region, yet there is only tertiary discussion in the ER of thermal contribution from Fermi 2, and how it will be mitigated.
Forty-five million gallons per day of discharge averaging 18 degrees F above ambient Lake Erie temperature.
This compounds the Algae Blooms Thank you Michael J. Keegan Don't Waste Michigan https://www.fdms.gov/fdms-web-agency/component/contentstreamer?objectld=09000064818515f9&for...
09/03/2014 Page 3 of 3 Attachments Bird Kills at Davis-Besse
-Towers https://www.fdms.gov/fdms-web-agency/component/contentstreamer?objectld=09000064818515f9&for...
09/03/2014 Wildlife Damage Mlanagement, hiternet Center for Bird Control Seminars Proceedings University of Nebraska -Lincoln Year 1979 COOLING TOWERS AS OBSTACLES IN BIRD MIGRATIONS Manfred Temme Bowling Green State University William B. Jackson Bowling Green State University This paper is posted at DigitalCommons~tUniversity of Nebraska -Lincoln.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmbiidcontrol/16 111 COOLING TOWERS AS OBSTACLES IN BIRD MIGRATIONS Manfred Temme and William B. Jackson Environmental Studies Center Bowling Green State University Tall, man-made structures, such as radio and television towers, monuments, smoke stacks, light houses and other buildings, are known to be lethal obstructions to migrating birds. Not only the tower itself, but the associated guy and electrical wires may cause injury or death to birds, especially the nocturnal migrants.
A vast number of mortality reports have already emerged across the country, indicating the seriousness and extent of this problem.Tall TV towers seem to be the most hazardous to avian migrants, causing losses up to 2000 birds in several nights during fall migration in Florida (Stevensen 1956, 1958). Dur-ing an entire fall season 4900 birds were collected at a TV tower in Ontario (Hoskin 1975). Numbers occasionally reach as high as 30,000 birds, as reported from the TV tower at Eau Claire, Wisconsin for two nights in September 1963(Kemper 1964). An ex-tensive annotated bibliography on this subject has been compiled by Avery et al. (1978).Information on mortalities at nuclear power plant structures are relatively scanty;monitoring programs have been initiated at only a few sites. Such observations have been undertaken at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant, where the number of bird kills was lower than reported for many TV towers. Observations also were begun at the four 370-foot cooling towers at Three Mile Island Nuclear Station on the Susquehanna River.During their preoperational reporting period (1973-1974) mortalities were very low (37 specimens).
Also during the 1974-1975 operational period, only 29 mortalities were reported (Pentecost and Muraka 1976; Mudge and Firth 1975). No detailed reports are known to be available from the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant situated near Portland, Oregon in the Columbia River Valley, which has a. natural draft tower identical to that at the DavisLBesse Plant. Mortalities were reported by Dr. Stanley C. Katkansky, their ecologist, to be of little significance.
Only occasional incidents at the tall stacks at Detroit Edison's Monroe, Michigan plant and the cooling tower at the nearby Fermi site have been reported (Jackson et al. 1977).At the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant on the SE shore of Lake Erie near Port Clin-ton, the shell of a large, natural-draft cooling tower (495 ft high, and 410 ft wide at the base) was constructed during 1972 and the spring of 1973.Regular observations and monitoring studies were carried out each subsequent spring and fall migration season.Results during the initial observation periods (fall 1972, spring and fall 1973) were sum-marized by Rybak et al. (1973).The goals of this study were: 1. To study the bird-strike incidents during the pre-operational and operational periods.2. To identify numbers of species and individuals affected at the different struc-tures and buildings.
- 3. To determine through necropsy the extent of injury.4. To evaluate the relationships between mortalities and weather patterns.5. To determine the effects of site lighting on the number of mortalities.
Methods At the Davis-Besse site, bird mortality has been monitored for the seventh con-secutive spring and eighth fall migration seasons. The surveys consisted of almost dally, early-morning site visits in spring between mid-April and mid-June; In fall, between the first of September and late October. The procedure included examination of the roof areas and the grounds around the reactor-turbine building complex and the base of the cooling tower.Areas under major guy wires, transmission lines, a meteorological tower, a microwave tower, as well as around the cooling tower were inspected.
All surveys in-cluded the recording of current environmental conditions, numbers and species of birds, and their locations.
All birds collected were frozen for later necropsy.Beginning in fall 1976, test runs involving the cooling tower operation occurred.
The 112 subsequent sloshing water in the tower base prevented determination of the locations of some mortalities, and an unknown number of birds drifted away through the water outlets. Many birds, however, were scooped up with a long-handle dip-net. Often some could be retrieved only after they had been drifting for several days and were badly decomposed, making detailed examinations difficult.
However, with the help of a reference collection, it was possible to identify most of these carcasses.
Results and Discussions During the mortality monitoring periods between fall 1972 and fall 1979, a total of 1561 bird carcasses were collected at the Davis-Besse site. Of that total 1229 birds (78.7%) had collided with the cooling tower, 224 (14.2%) with the Unit 1 structures (turbine and reactor building), and 110 (7.0%) at the guy wires or the weather tower on the site (Table 1). The majority of birds that collided with the tower were small songbirds (Passeriformes) (Table 2). Most were nocturnal migrating species, especially warblers (family Parulidae), vireos (Vironidae), and kinglets (Sylviidae).
Larger birds, such as the many waterfowl species that abound in the adjacent marshes and ponds, virtually were not involved.During the spring migrations, 483 carcasses (30.9%) were found, consisting mostly of warblers (55.7%), fringillids (10.4%), and "others", which included rails, thrushes, blackbirds, vireos, brown creepers, woodpeckers, and pigeons. Golden-crowned kinglets and ruby-crowned kinglets rarely were found in spring at the Davis-Besse struc-tures (Fig. 1). Similar observations also were made at the Leon County, Florida TV-tower (Stoddard 1962 and Crawford 1973). Differential spring and fall migration patterns of these kinglets may be responsible for this phenomenon.
The most common warblers killed during the spring period 1972 through 1979 were the magnolia warbler (Dendrolca magnolia) and yellowthroat (Geothlypis tdichas), followed by Nashville warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) (Table 3). Other warbler species were found in still smaller numbers over the years. In contrast, the Leon County, Florida TV-tower spring kills of the first two species were either small or almost nonexistent in contrast to greater kills in fall. At that tower, only one specimen of the Nashville warbler was found in October (Stoddard and Norris 1967).The overall results of spring mortalites at the Davis-Besse plant reflect typical migra-tion patterns and are, in contrast to fall patterns, spread more narrowly over only a few weeks. This is especially apparent with the magnolia warbler and the bay-breasted warbler (Dendroica castanea) (Fig. 2). Kills of red-eyed vireos (Vireo ofivaceus) in spring were found to be almost as high as in fall (Fig. 2). A similar ratio was found at the Leon County, Florida TV-tower (Stoddard and Norris 1967).In fall seasons after nesting, kills (1071 specimens
[68.9%] were more frequent because of larger numbers of birds migrating.
Again warblers were most affected (56.5%). Both species of kinglets, (23.0%) were well represented (in contrast to the spring seasons), while numbers of mimids and finches were lower (Tables 1, 2, and 3).Late in the season both species of kinglets, magnolia warbler, yellowthroat, and the red-eyed vireo were found in relatively large numbers (Fig. 1, 2, and 3).In the spring most birds (54%) were recovered in the NE sector of the cooling tower.This suggests that the birds striking the southern exposure of the tower may have drifted, while falling, with the southwesterly wind and/or other currents around the tower to the NE sector (Fig. 4A). The picture was reversed during the fall season, when most carcasses (52%) were found in the SE sector (fig. 4B). Birds striking the tower from the north or northeast may have drifted with prevailing northwesterly winds around the tower to the more southeastern locations.
In general, mortality patterns and composition of species agreed with the results found by many other observers, who reported that warblers most frequently were killed at towers. Others also reported numerous kills of kinglets and often thrushes.Necropsy Examination Necropsy examination included determinations of the extent of hematoma under the skull, presence or absence of bone fractures (humerus, ulna, radius, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus), bill damage, and "broken" neck and skulls. Each bird collected was aged by determining the degree of skull ossification.
These data are summarized for the period from 1972-1979.
Most frequent injuries were to the head and bill, indicating the occurrence of frontal impact (Table 4). Red-eyed vireos, however, suffered significantly less bill injuries than warblers and kinglets (paired t-test, P<0.001).Weather Patterns and Mortalities Spring: Past observations and analyses by W.A. Peterman have shown that bird mortalities 113 tend to be related to low pressure systems, with migration occurring on the trailing edge of highs in advance of an oncoming cold front, with southerly wind flow. This synoptic weather pattern is often accompanied with warm front-type of precipitation, haze, low cloud ceiling, and poor visibility.
Fall: In fall, migration mortalities tend to be associated with the occurrence of high pressure.
Increased migration of insectivorous birds usually follows a cold front passage, associated with northerly flow of air. Also in the fall, mortality occurs in association with adverse weather conditions.
Illumination Patterns at the Structures No accurate or precise data apparently exist that define lighting patterns during the early construction period at the Davis-Besse structures.
During favorable weather, con-struction continued at night, and working areas were Illuminated with incandescent and mercury vapor lights. It was during this phase that considerable numbers of bird strikes occurred.In 1976 formal revisions of the site lighting system were recorded, but these occurred only around the Unit I buildings.
Apparently no changes were made at the cooling tower, which generally utilized red navigation lights at night and white strobe lights during the day.In 1977 mercury lights were installed around the Unit I buildings, but no changes were made in the cooling tower area. In the spring of 1978 light intensity readings were taken at ground level. The average of 105 readings was 1.7 foot candles.By the spring of 1979 a conversion to high-pressure sodium-vapor lights had been completed for all areas, including the road and switchyard areas adjacent to the cooling tower. Light intensity readings, supposedly comparable to those taken in 1977, resulted in an average of 4.6 foot candles. This is nearly three times the light intensity recorded under the mercury lights.Light intensity readings around the cooling tower base or at several elevations of the tower are not available for any period of its history. Consequently, only speculation is possible relative to lighting patterns and bird strikes. At the current time light readings along the adjacent road are 1.0 foot candles or less. Along the tower base adjacent to the road, light readings were 0.15 to 0.25 foot candles. On the opposite tower side, no readings were obtainable. (Floodlamps mounted adjacent to the tower base are not nor-mally used.)Although the majority of these sodium-vapor, orange-colored lights were installed around the Unit I structures and the adjacent switchyard, diffuse light indirectly il-liminates the tower, especially the S, SE, and E sections.
Night observations during a time with low cloud ceiling and light drizzle revealed that it is possible to see the tower easily and even recognize the concrete seams from top to bottom. Under such condi-tions birds should have been able to see the tower early enough to avoid a collision, even if the tower had been approached from the NE. The north and west faces of the tower are darker, but are still recognizable as a silhouette because of sufficient ambient lighting.Various lighting designs or warning devices have been considered to ameliorate the bird strikes at towers. Preliminary Canadian work indicated that red flashing lights work-ed best to catch the attention of birds, but it has not yet been determined whether these findings can be adapted to induce aversion (Belton 1976, Solman 1976). At the Davis-Besse plant, when using the white strobe lights on top of the cooling tower during two migration periods (spring, fall 1975), no deviation from previously experienced mortality patterns was indicated.
Normally only the red navigation lights are used at night. In both cases, birds may not have been aware of the large structure beneath the lights, since they, especially in adverse weather, do not illuminate the tower wall itself.Gunn (1972) suggested that diffuse lighting, rather than glaring lights should be used and that the obstacle be lighted by red, orange, or blue light (Gunn 1972). With low-level diffuse light, birds would not be attracted and become disoriented or blinded and unable to find their way out of the dangerous zones. Observations at the lighthouse on the Ger-man Island of Helgioland illustrate this relationship.
Before World War I mortalities of migrating birds were extremely high, and occasionally thousands of birds were killed in a single night. The birds were blinded by the strong light source and did not see the dark, unlit walls around or beneath the lamps. After several additional low-wattage lamps, which illuminated the concrete structures of the building, were installed, mortalities were drastically reduced. In recent times additional street lamps are also contributing to the visibility of the concrete lighthouse tower at night (F. Goethe in litt.)
114 The International Peace Monument on South Bass Island (Lake Erie), a few miles away from the Davis-Besse plant, now is not lighted during migration periods and has negligible kills. This is in contrast to the past when the tower had been flood-lighted.
The declining mortalities, recently observed at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant, seem to agree with these observation patterns.
Most mortalities occurred at the cooling tower, especially after the construction lights were removed. After that time the tower was relatively dark. After the completion of the Unit I structures and the installations of many safety lights around these buildings in fall 1978, mortalities dropped considerably.
A further reduction in fall mortality (1979) may be associated with the recent change to the more powerful high-pressure sodium-vapor lights.Literature Cited Avery, M.L., P.F. Springer, and N.S. Dailey. 1978. Avian mortality at man-made structures:
an annotated bibliography.
U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-78/58:108pp.
Belton, P. 1976. Effects of interrupted light on birds. National Research Council of Canada, Field Note 7 3:12pp.Crawford, R.L. 1974. Bird casualties at a Leon County, Florida TV tower: October 1966-September 1973. Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Sta. 18:27pp.Gunn, W.W.H. 1972. An examination of the bird impact problem at the Nanticoke plant of the Ontario Hydro Electric System, phase II. Autumn 1972. Environmental Research Associates, Toronto. 15pp.Hoskin, J. 1975. Casualties at the CKVR TV tower, Barrie. Nat. Can. 4(2):39-40.
Jackson, W.B., M. Temme, and W.A. Peterman.
1977. Semi-annual report, Davis-Besse bird hazard monitoring contract.
Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403. 21pp.Kemper, C.A. 1964. A tower for TV, 30,000 dead birds. Audubon Mag. 66(2):86-90.
Mudge, J.E. and R.W. Firth, Jr. 1975. Evaluation of cooling tower ecological effects-an approach and case history. American Nuclear Society, 21st Annual Meeting, June 12, New Orleans.Pentecost, E.D. and I.P. Muraka. 1976. An evaluation of environmental data relating to selected nuclear power plant sites-the Three Mile Island nuclear station site. Div. of Environ. Impact. Stud., Argonne NatI. Lab, Argonne, I11.Rybak, E.J., W.B. Jackson, and S.H. Vessey. 1973. Impact of cooling towers on bird migration.
Proc. Sixth Bird Control Seminar, Bowling Green State University:
187-194.Solman, V.E.F. 1976. Aircraft and birds. Proc. Seventh Bowling Green Bird Control Seminar, Bowling Green State University:83-88.
Stevenson, H.M. 1956. Fall migration:
Florida region. Audubon Field Notes 10(1): 19-22.Stevenson, H.M. 1958. Fall migration:
Florida region. Audubon Field Notes 12(1):21-26.
Stoddard, H.L., Sr. 1962. Bird casualties at a Leon County Florida TV tower, 1955-1961.
Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Stat. 1:9 4 pp.Stoddard, H.L. Sr., and R.A. Norris. 1967. Bird casualties at a Leon County, Florida TV tower: an eleven-year study. Bull, of Tall Timbers Res. Sta. 8:104pp.DISCUSSION Q: You mentioned that you checked the age of these birds. Do you have any figures on categories?
Were the ones killed all juveniles or mature birds?A: We find both, but I don't have the percentages right now.Q: How did you arrive at the idea that they flutter around the tower before they strike the tower?A: That is just an hypothesis.
We haven't yet been able to see actual birds doing this.We have tried several techniques.
We worked with self-made ceilometers to watch bird flight at nights, and we used small portable radar systems. We found relatively few birds.
115 Table 1. Number of birds recovered at Davis-Besse Nudear Power Station site during the spring and fall seasons from 1972-1979.
SON INCU ST Yai or.PAT Tolal 1iam 24-1 1r RX IF/ z0 5~ISM 70 17 D18 i 48 17 1~1 2 54 17.4 44 176 57 62 48.8 483 100.0 To:Ial$i 34'4 71 2 55 11.4 Year 1 i3t 2 K-24 1976.197'7 1i-wa Tn:'.ei CjT 56-279 125 131 15.878 26.0 fALL F.S 47, 52 15 22 20 67.67NIT TPL.PI 107* 36 26 .10,11 ,0, Io.0 CT olniA~ST7=L'nit 1:3IruclurGs 0PI= MN-0oincbtza'i IdV.8i 116 Table 2. Families represented in birds recovered at Davis-Besse Nuclear Power plant site during the spring and fall migration periods from 1972-1979.
1SECtES 1973 .1974 .1975 1D71. 1977 1r78 1 7 0 T.Wl. %s Knglet. 1 D 9 5 3 1 1 2D 4.1 Warble i.L. 20 i'22. 21 34 15 5 65 2693 55.711 14 0 ? 5 2:. W ' 1014.Mirnl.d 6 6 0 4 1 1 1 19 3.9 DOtILfzvs 6 :12 15 12 13 -N) 9 110 22.6 l.Jntdrtifis,, 2 1 3 Ii 1 0 25 ..1 TOTA1LS 44 1YO f r; aa 715 18 483 100.0 FALL BPEO4ES 1972 "975 1974 *975 1075 1,977 ,978 179toL.tals rKnglels 40 91 33 S3 17 ,1 246i 28.'W--rbiý', 7 S,..B 17. 913 119 9_1 43 .25 .8EE 56.5 500fles -b 2 6 6 q '3 .36 a4'ý-mh0,da 1 C.. 0 ( 1 0 2 0.2 O6he. .2_ 4 16 27 14 1- 5 1.0. 1.?Unlidntlread 0 16 13 0 2 1.3 10 1 55 5 1 TOTALS 10 103 3339 :56 2L7 16 1 7-11 '13.5 i(.: ico.o 117 Table 3. Comparison of birds killed at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant between spring (1973-1979) and fall (1972-1979) seasons. Only bird species with at least seven mortalities in either season are summarized.
%E'ISCE*5 no..c) blrd! rci. :-A baiIs .slaliuoaJy scbniiirrd,-t in tirring in rall difrt',f.f'iie, X2 B ýanl Ce 2 8 Cotirlds 1.3 2 ...U.ddei-c Cc~wed Kinglel I 92 +Th.itr-r r ed Krgleul , 19. 154 ...
Vifre 6 12 rc r 17 ' 1 T n
'Wort:4~r' i.-t1-Nn3nvt'l, W'ar-Ier 2 / 4/YelI,' 'WarDIle-12 3 M4gr.?. "- 'l'blr" 4,C" 105 Bacd-ttroat-d Blue 'arlw6r A 14,di.arti." 1.2 14.%ack-th rct45d G'6n;,ri "'tirhkfft 3 M Che.lnul-sked Warblsr 11 15.P tbroastd 'Wbrbltfr o 66 Bl1scki. Wercier .2 ;..13l6,~ V/ 'arb.er 1? 7.eWnblrd I3d "t'/nrhh;.'*.
1 7A'lLr"j)a nWaibler f b Ayr'nrlcap feds.taar:.
2-'." 26 Swign Sr.irr*w' G, 7~kjruiIc:~iti if1reIeflce:p~;aas:m
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Table 4. Summary of necropsy examinations of Davis Besse site avian mortalities fall 1972 -fall 1979 FAMILY site orlypW of iijiury HIEMATOMIA ON HEAD HEMATO'MA CRUSHED FRACUR.S awLk MEC NO 40. BIRDG.Il~tfl heax on.breesl sruk rUbin). lTera- wing ir*uy tftk~en. ýigS trrnrnr t'irsug "-[a--iarqus Scokcpac O-Ae Cd' iridae Tyiuinida.ti Himnitildace 10arthld So CF.Vtrlylidaee Trvr~dae:Sifzi.rrillas Vlrsonidlau Pei.ulicfac Icterd4as Thrakok~t:e
- Ffkgr~idae IF.". enta Trzi3Ls A 7.I 2.3 1 I 2 1 1 1 1!1 1 I 11 1 114.41 369 2 5 5 2 6-34 14 1 1 1"2" 14 I'15 1 1 9: 1 9 1 I 12 DID 1 15 21 3 a 5 5 32 113 .5 .26 581 Fj. 33'A a(eq 327 10 40 51 5 M~ 1?7:1"; r5 1018 a. a slnls bird rny be cited in oae or rroreacU.rme.