Information Notice 2011-08, Tohoku-Taiheiyou-Oki Earthquake Effects on Japanese Nuclear Power Plants - for Fuel Cycle Facilities
| ML110830824 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 03/31/2011 |
| From: | Kinneman J NRC/NMSS/FCSS |
| To: | |
| Damon, Dennis | |
| References | |
| NRC-2011-0008 IN-11-008 | |
| Download: ML110830824 (4) | |
UNITED STATES
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
OFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY AND SAFEGUARDS
WASHINGTON, DC 20555-0001 March 31, 2011 NRC INFORMATION NOTICE 2011-08: TOHOKU-TAIHEIYOU-OKI EARTHQUAKE
EFFECTS ON JAPANESE NUCLEAR POWER
PLANTS - FOR FUEL CYCLE FACILITIES
ADDRESSEES
All licensees, applicants, and holders of a construction authorization and/or certificate issued by
the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), for fuel cycle facilities including fuel
manufacturing facilities, mixed oxide facilities, and uranium enrichment facilities licensed under
Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR) Part 70, Domestic Licensing of Special
Nuclear Material; gaseous diffusion plants certified under 10 CFR Part 76, Certification of
Gaseous Diffusion Plants; and uranium conversion/de-conversion facilities licensed under 10 CFR Part 40, Domestic Licensing of Source Material (i.e., Honeywell Metropolis Works).
PURPOSE
The NRC is issuing this information notice (IN) to inform addressees of effects of the Tohoku- Taiheiyou-Oki earthquake on nuclear power plants in Japan. The NRC expects that recipients
will review the information for applicability to their facilities and consider actions, as appropriate, to ensure that features and preparations necessary to withstand or respond to severe external
events from natural phenomena (e.g., earthquakes, tsunami, floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes)
are reasonable. The suggestions contained in this IN are not NRC requirements; therefore, no
specific action or written response is required.
DESCRIPTION OF CIRCUMSTANCES
The following summary of events is based on the best information available at this time. The
situation in Japan regarding recovery efforts for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
continues to evolve.
On March 11, 2011, the Tohoku-Taiheiyou-Oki earthquake occurred near the east coast of
Honshu, Japan. This magnitude 9.0 earthquake and the subsequent tsunami caused significant
damage to at least four of the six units of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station as the
result of a sustained loss of both the offsite and onsite power systems. Efforts to restore power
to emergency equipment were hampered and impeded by damage to the surrounding areas
due to the tsunami and earthquake.
Units 1, 2 and 3 were operating at the time of the earthquake. Following the loss of electric
power to normal and emergency core cooling systems and the subsequent failure of backup
decay heat removal systems, water injection into the cores of all three reactors was
compromised, and reactor decay heat removal could not be maintained. The operator of the
plant, Tokyo Electric Power Company, injected sea water and boric acid into the reactor vessels
of these three units, in an effort to cool the fuel and ensure that the reactors remained shut
down. However, the fuel in the reactor cores became partially uncovered. Hydrogen gas built
up in Units 1 and 3 as a result of exposed, overheated fuel reacting with water. Following gas
venting from the primary containment to relieve pressure, hydrogen explosions occurred in both
units and damaged the secondary containments.
Units 3 and 4 were reported to have low spent fuel pool (SFP) water levels.
Fukushima Daiichi Units 4, 5 and 6 were shut down for refueling outages at the time of the
earthquake. The fuel assemblies for Unit 4 had recently been offloaded from the reactor core to
the SFP. The SFPs for Units 5 and 6 appear to be intact. Emergency power is available to
provide cooling water flow through the SFPs for Units 5 and 6.
The damage to Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station appears to have been caused by
initiating events beyond the design basis of the facilities.
BACKGROUND
Subpart H, Additional Requirements for Certain Licensees Authorized to Possess a Critical
Mass of Special Nuclear Material, of 10 CFR Part 70 requires certain major fuel cycle facilities
to perform, maintain, and annually update an integrated safety analysis that identifies controls to
address potential accident sequences, both internal events and credible external events, including natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, and tsunami.
Certificate holders under 10 CFR Part 76 also have requirements to address the implications of
such events.
DISCUSSION
The events at Fukushima Daiichi remind us that highly unlikely events caused by severe natural
phenomena hazards can initiate accidents of concern under 10 CFR Part 70 Subpart H, Part 76, and Part 40 and can present multiple challenges, such as recovery from loss of power and other
services caused by the event. In addition, these severe events may lead to additional events, such as fires, explosions, or chemical releases that could lead to accidents of concern under
10 CFR Part 70 Subpart H or other parts of the regulations. Compliance with the regulatory
requirements to prevent or mitigate regulated hazards may require that facilities be prepared, or
possess equipment, to provide these safety functions despite multiple challenges and degraded
or disabled resources. The degradations could include long term loss of such functions as
offsite power, onsite emergency power, transportation by road or rail to access offsite
resources, loss of offsite water supply, and loss of other offsite services. For events with
advanced warning, plant personnel key to coping with regulated hazards may have evacuated
the site, and then be unable to return. The tragic events in Japan are a reminder of the
complexities and challenges of performing an ISA for scenarios resulting from such severe and
widespread natural phenomena.
PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT STATEMENT
This Information Notice does not contain any information collections and, therefore, is not
subject to the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
Public Protection Notification
The NRC may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a request for
information or an information collection requirement unless the requesting document displays a
currently valid Office of Management and Budget control number.
CONTACT
S
This information notice requires no specific action or written response. Please direct any
questions about this matter to the technical contact listed below or the appropriate Office of
Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards project manager.
/RA/
John Kinneman, Director
Division of Fuel Cycle Safety
and Safeguards
Office of Nuclear Material Safety
and Safeguards
Technical Contact:
Dennis Damon, FCSS
301-492-3126 e-mail: Dennis.Damon@nrc.gov
Note: NRC generic communications may be found on the NRC public Web site, http://www.nrc.gov, under Electronic Reading Room/Document Collections.
PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT STATEMENT
This Information Notice does not contain any information collections and, therefore, is not
subject to the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
Public Protection Notification
The NRC may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a request for
information or an information collection requirement unless the requesting document displays a
currently valid Office of Management and Budget control number.
CONTACT
S
This information notice requires no specific action or written response. Please direct any
questions about this matter to the technical contact listed below or the appropriate Office of
Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards project manager.
/RA/
John Kinneman, Director
Division of Fuel Cycle Safety
and Safeguards
Office of Nuclear Material Safety
and Safeguards
Technical Contact:
Dennis Damon, FCSS
301-492-3126 e-mail: Dennis.Damon@nrc.gov
Note: NRC generic communications may be found on the NRC public Web site, http://www.nrc.gov, under Electronic Reading Room/Document Collections.
DISTRIBUTION:
FCSS r/f
ML110830824 OFFICE NMSS/FCSS NMSS/FCSS QTE NSIR/DSP NMSS/FCSS NMSS/FCSS
NAME DDamon PJenifer JDougherty MLayton MBailey JKinneman
Via-email Via e-mail
DATE 03/29/2011 03/ 25/2011 3/28/2011 04/04/2011 03/30/2011 03/31/2011 OFFICIAL RECORD COPY