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{{#Wiki_filter:Energy, Air, Wter, & EartiElectricity Three Mile Island Reactor AccidentFukushima Tsunami-Reactor Situation National Academies of SciencesApril 19, 2011Lake H. BarrettRockville, MDDisclaimer:
Fukushima Information is preliminary especially regarding interpretation of events; opinions expressed are mine and mine alone.L. Barrett Consulting LLCI Evolutionary
===Background===
* Mankind-Huts to Modern Cities* Energy-Simple Fire to Fossil Electricity to Nuclear Electricity
* Energy Density-Diffuse/Intermittent to Concentrated/Continuous L. Barrett Consulting LLC2 Constant Evolutionary SocietalBenefit/Risk Tradeoffs
* No Energy Source is Free From Risk or Cost+ L. B'i~eensuItifI~ILC 33 Nuclear Power PlantBoiling Water Reactor SystemInerled DryyuiI(Primary Contanmenti Turbinig rjnmratcors Elecltricity 10SwitchYard ReactorI. -.coa~watat Pumps"Condenset TFOrUSL. Barrett Consulting LLC4 Nuclear Fuel Barriers
& Heat Outputd-33,00012' LongFuelRods538Assemblies With 62rodsFukushima 2-4Core Produces-2400MWTAt Full Powercan Melt aTon of Steel in-1 secondDecay Heat DropsQuickly @ Scram1Min 3.0%~30 sec to melt 1 tonlhr 1.3%8Hr 0.7%-2 min to melt 1 tonI Day 0.5%I Week 0.3%1Month 0.2%-7 min to melt 1 ton6 Months 0.1%5 Three Mile Island Units 1 &2March 28, 1979L. Barrett Consulting LLC6 Three Mile Island Unit-2 AccidentMarch 28, 1979Relief Valve fails to closeREACTOR BUILDINGAUX)L1ARY BUILDNGA StadfOperators BelieveReactorOverfilled andTurn OffInjection PumpsTURBINE BUILDING)!Audq" togm WEC1R M, A &"c r1Wl *, wmbui. 1711Core is uncovered Fueloverheats/fails/
50% Melt TMI Core Damage SequenceL. Barrett Consulting LLC8 TMI Core Configuration f"Evening 3/28/1979 Damaged FuelL. Barrett Consulting LLCRods9 Three Mile IslandMarch 28, 1979HydrogenDeflagration 28psig 13:00-3M deep,waterTMI-2REACTOR BUILDINGCOOLING TOWERTURBINE BUILDINGm1InlrloTrai2Turbineiksiomator L G erneratuf Condiensalte C rculabnqplimp WaepumpMain-- , e~dwatrPUMPy00R/hr -Primary IISecondaryI
@ 2 yr (non nuclear)L. Barrett Consulting LLC10 High Rad Reactor Water CleanupSystem Installed in Spent Fuel Pool11 Containment Entry Preparations 1984Barrett Containment Entry For First Reactor Vessel Shield Block LiftL. Barrett Consulting LLC12 TMI Damaged Core Removal~1985-1990
'V4 ip13 Three Mile Island History* Reactor Scram: 04:00 3/28/79" Core melt and relocation:
" 05:00 -07:30 3/28/79" Hydrogen Deflagration:
13:00 3/28/79* Recirculation Cooling:
Late 3/28/79* Phased Water Processing:
1979-1993
" Containment Venting 43KCi Kr-85: July 1980* Containment Entry: July 1980* Reactor Head removed and core melt found: July 1984" Start Defuel: October 1985" Shipping Spent Fuel: 1988-1990
* Finish Defuel: Jan 1990* Evaporate "2.8M gallons Processed Water: 1991-93* Cost: "$1 BillionL. Barrett Consulting LLC14 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power StationUnits 5 &6-Dry SNF StorageCommonSpent FuelPoolUnits 1-415 Event Initiation March 11, 2011*About 14:46, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck ONucI(Plant design basis earthquake:
8.2)- Plant safetysystems reportedly function satisfactorily.
*Units 1,2 & 3 Scram & Unit 4 has 100 day old coreoffloaded into Unit 4 Spent Fuel Pool15:45, a tsunami 14 meters high inundated thesite, whose design basis was 5.7 meters -the 17reactors and backup diesel power sit roughly 10 to Eas13 meters above sea level s ,14 __M Vlear plants in Japan/**The impacts up and down the northeast coastresulted in tragic loss of 10,000+ lives, damage,and destruction of infrastructure.
A 0 300MmfTieFtg~~
fEL. Barrett Consulting LLC16 Tsunami WavesL. Barrett Consulting LLC17 Wave Hitting Turbine BuildingL. Bart Coslin L18 Tsunami Size Was Accident Cause3/11 15:45Note:-All operating units when earthquake occurred were automatically shut (1) Lass of offsite powerdown.-Emergency DIGs have worked due to the earthquake properly until the Tsunami attack.Tsunami (estimated more than lOnm)L. Barrett Consulting LLC19 GE Mark I Reactor BuildingBoiling Water Reactor DesignAt Fukushima DaiichiSecondary Containment Steel Containment Vessel --Primary Containment
-Refueling Floor-Spent Fuel Pool-Reactor VesselSuppression Pool (Torus)L. Barrett Consulting LLC20 Browns Ferry Primary Containment 21 Battery Power Control of Steam-Driven ReactorCore Isolation Cooling System In Units 2 &3 (Unit 1Had Isolation Condenser which Boiled Dry)*u U U EU EUN EKE EU EUKUNE flUmE U U UU-IUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU..... ....*-~ CST?1 15:45 JST3/11 15:45 to -3/1124:00 JSTSlide 22L. Barrett Consulting LLC Battery Power Exhausted Core Uncovers andstarts to overheat3/12 -02:00 JSTSlide 23L. Barrett Consulting LLC Venting Primary Containment H2&Steam ?Refueling Bay4CoreOverheated Primary Containment Pressure-90psia @02:00 3/123/12 -05:30 U13/13 -00:00 U23/13 -08:40 U3L. Barrett Consulting LLC24 UUnit 1 Explosion 3/12 15:31L. Barrett Consulting LLC25 Unit 3 Reactor Building Explosion 3/14 11:15L. Barrett Consulting LLC26 Fukushima:
Reactor Vessel-Primary-Secondary Containment SequencePrimary Coolant SystemPrimary Containment ISecondary Containment Core Over Heat-Clad Burst -900C-Clad Oxidize -1200C-H2 Release-Partial Melt~180OC-2700C
-Primary Coolant SystemOverpressure Vent from PrimaryCoolant Sys to PrimaryContainment-H2,Steam, & FissionProducts (Xe, Kr, I, Csetc) L. Barrett Consulting LLCNo Primary Containment Cooling therefore PrimaryContainment Overpressure-Vent to Secondary Containment 27 Unit 1 Reactor BuildingL. Barrett Consulting LLC28 Unit 3 Reactor BuildingBefore After:~ FOQL. Barrett Consulting LLC29 Bleed & Feed Core Cooling Established Seawater Injection Started Using Fire Engine PumpShift to Fresh Water Injection
~3/26-Present:To DissolveVapor VentingPossible Salt CakesSeawater Injection Start Time Injected to 3/20 15:00U1 3/12 20:20 3530M3U3 3/13 13:10 5880M3U2 3/14 16:30 4389M34e-------IBoric AcidLeakage to ReactorBuilding-Turbine Bldg-Condensation/Water Intake Structure?
L. Barrett Consulting LLC30 Immediately After Unit 3 Explosion 3/14/11 "10:OOAM JSTL. Barrett Consulting LLC31 Post Unit 3 & Pre Unit 4 Explosion(s)
Reactor Building Cross Section~~owncPIMeM
-/rim a~#u t IdillMg^wP.sb ZOM~ Corc4q amtbodmWOt umaL. arI o sl 33Uh2ot-J'4 Nbihrk "AIl**ITe(0l
.0-D. ~~~~3~+/-~'I riiu~n Empty Spent Fuel PoolL. Barrett Consulting LLC34 Unit 4 Refueling Configuration?
J, Refueling Gate-OffLoaded CoreRefueling Cavity SeaL. Barrett Consulting LLC:35 Unit 4 Reactor BuildingT E C IL. Barrett Consulting LLC36 Units 1-6 After U4 Spent Fuel Pool Explosion L. Ddl I ULL k-UlIIYIIr L Lt-Units 1-4 After U4 Spent Fuel Pool Explosion 3/16L. Barrett Consulting LLC38 Units 3, 2, & 1 Looking DownL. Barrett Consulting LLC39 Units 4 & 3 Looking DownL. barreit L(onsulting LLC40 Unit 4 Fuel Pool-Side
~a W Iff i n -3C1IMsiZ A MAE! e n I I~ e- nssM.A, Unit 3 & Unit 4L. Barrett Consulting LLC42 Unit 3 Spent Fuel Pool3/16PMIALý.-)
43}}

Revision as of 20:22, 4 July 2018

FOIA/PA-2011-0118, FOIA/PA-2011-0119, FOIA/PA-2011-0120 - Resp 111 - Partial, Group Letter Bt. Part 5 of 7
ML13197A052
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Site: Three Mile Island  Constellation icon.png
Issue date: 04/19/2011
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To:
References
FOIA/PA-2011-0118, FOIA/PA-2011-0119, FOIA/PA-2011-0120
Download: ML13197A052 (43)
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Text

Energy, Air, Wter, & EartiElectricity Three Mile Island Reactor AccidentFukushima Tsunami-Reactor Situation National Academies of SciencesApril 19, 2011Lake H. BarrettRockville, MDDisclaimer:

Fukushima Information is preliminary especially regarding interpretation of events; opinions expressed are mine and mine alone.L. Barrett Consulting LLCI Evolutionary

Background

  • Mankind-Huts to Modern Cities* Energy-Simple Fire to Fossil Electricity to Nuclear Electricity
  • Energy Density-Diffuse/Intermittent to Concentrated/Continuous L. Barrett Consulting LLC2 Constant Evolutionary SocietalBenefit/Risk Tradeoffs
  • No Energy Source is Free From Risk or Cost+ L. B'i~eensuItifI~ILC 33 Nuclear Power PlantBoiling Water Reactor SystemInerled DryyuiI(Primary Contanmenti Turbinig rjnmratcors Elecltricity 10SwitchYard ReactorI. -.coa~watat Pumps"Condenset TFOrUSL. Barrett Consulting LLC4 Nuclear Fuel Barriers

& Heat Outputd-33,00012' LongFuelRods538Assemblies With 62rodsFukushima 2-4Core Produces-2400MWTAt Full Powercan Melt aTon of Steel in-1 secondDecay Heat DropsQuickly @ Scram1Min 3.0%~30 sec to melt 1 tonlhr 1.3%8Hr 0.7%-2 min to melt 1 tonI Day 0.5%I Week 0.3%1Month 0.2%-7 min to melt 1 ton6 Months 0.1%5 Three Mile Island Units 1 &2March 28, 1979L. Barrett Consulting LLC6 Three Mile Island Unit-2 AccidentMarch 28, 1979Relief Valve fails to closeREACTOR BUILDINGAUX)L1ARY BUILDNGA StadfOperators BelieveReactorOverfilled andTurn OffInjection PumpsTURBINE BUILDING)!Audq" togm WEC1R M, A &"c r1Wl *, wmbui. 1711Core is uncovered Fueloverheats/fails/

50% Melt TMI Core Damage SequenceL. Barrett Consulting LLC8 TMI Core Configuration f"Evening 3/28/1979 Damaged FuelL. Barrett Consulting LLCRods9 Three Mile IslandMarch 28, 1979HydrogenDeflagration 28psig 13:00-3M deep,waterTMI-2REACTOR BUILDINGCOOLING TOWERTURBINE BUILDINGm1InlrloTrai2Turbineiksiomator L G erneratuf Condiensalte C rculabnqplimp WaepumpMain-- , e~dwatrPUMPy00R/hr -Primary IISecondaryI

@ 2 yr (non nuclear)L. Barrett Consulting LLC10 High Rad Reactor Water CleanupSystem Installed in Spent Fuel Pool11 Containment Entry Preparations 1984Barrett Containment Entry For First Reactor Vessel Shield Block LiftL. Barrett Consulting LLC12 TMI Damaged Core Removal~1985-1990

'V4 ip13 Three Mile Island History* Reactor Scram: 04:00 3/28/79" Core melt and relocation:

" 05:00 -07:30 3/28/79" Hydrogen Deflagration:

13:00 3/28/79* Recirculation Cooling:

Late 3/28/79* Phased Water Processing:

1979-1993

" Containment Venting 43KCi Kr-85: July 1980* Containment Entry: July 1980* Reactor Head removed and core melt found: July 1984" Start Defuel: October 1985" Shipping Spent Fuel: 1988-1990

  • Finish Defuel: Jan 1990* Evaporate "2.8M gallons Processed Water: 1991-93* Cost: "$1 BillionL. Barrett Consulting LLC14 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power StationUnits 5 &6-Dry SNF StorageCommonSpent FuelPoolUnits 1-415 Event Initiation March 11, 2011*About 14:46, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck ONucI(Plant design basis earthquake:

8.2)- Plant safetysystems reportedly function satisfactorily.

  • Units 1,2 & 3 Scram & Unit 4 has 100 day old coreoffloaded into Unit 4 Spent Fuel Pool15:45, a tsunami 14 meters high inundated thesite, whose design basis was 5.7 meters -the 17reactors and backup diesel power sit roughly 10 to Eas13 meters above sea level s ,14 __M Vlear plants in Japan/**The impacts up and down the northeast coastresulted in tragic loss of 10,000+ lives, damage,and destruction of infrastructure.

A 0 300MmfTieFtg~~

fEL. Barrett Consulting LLC16 Tsunami WavesL. Barrett Consulting LLC17 Wave Hitting Turbine BuildingL. Bart Coslin L18 Tsunami Size Was Accident Cause3/11 15:45Note:-All operating units when earthquake occurred were automatically shut (1) Lass of offsite powerdown.-Emergency DIGs have worked due to the earthquake properly until the Tsunami attack.Tsunami (estimated more than lOnm)L. Barrett Consulting LLC19 GE Mark I Reactor BuildingBoiling Water Reactor DesignAt Fukushima DaiichiSecondary Containment Steel Containment Vessel --Primary Containment

-Refueling Floor-Spent Fuel Pool-Reactor VesselSuppression Pool (Torus)L. Barrett Consulting LLC20 Browns Ferry Primary Containment 21 Battery Power Control of Steam-Driven ReactorCore Isolation Cooling System In Units 2 &3 (Unit 1Had Isolation Condenser which Boiled Dry)*u U U EU EUN EKE EU EUKUNE flUmE U U UU-IUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU..... ....*-~ CST?1 15:45 JST3/11 15:45 to -3/1124:00 JSTSlide 22L. Barrett Consulting LLC Battery Power Exhausted Core Uncovers andstarts to overheat3/12 -02:00 JSTSlide 23L. Barrett Consulting LLC Venting Primary Containment H2&Steam ?Refueling Bay4CoreOverheated Primary Containment Pressure-90psia @02:00 3/123/12 -05:30 U13/13 -00:00 U23/13 -08:40 U3L. Barrett Consulting LLC24 UUnit 1 Explosion 3/12 15:31L. Barrett Consulting LLC25 Unit 3 Reactor Building Explosion 3/14 11:15L. Barrett Consulting LLC26 Fukushima:

Reactor Vessel-Primary-Secondary Containment SequencePrimary Coolant SystemPrimary Containment ISecondary Containment Core Over Heat-Clad Burst -900C-Clad Oxidize -1200C-H2 Release-Partial Melt~180OC-2700C

-Primary Coolant SystemOverpressure Vent from PrimaryCoolant Sys to PrimaryContainment-H2,Steam, & FissionProducts (Xe, Kr, I, Csetc) L. Barrett Consulting LLCNo Primary Containment Cooling therefore PrimaryContainment Overpressure-Vent to Secondary Containment 27 Unit 1 Reactor BuildingL. Barrett Consulting LLC28 Unit 3 Reactor BuildingBefore After:~ FOQL. Barrett Consulting LLC29 Bleed & Feed Core Cooling Established Seawater Injection Started Using Fire Engine PumpShift to Fresh Water Injection

~3/26-Present:To DissolveVapor VentingPossible Salt CakesSeawater Injection Start Time Injected to 3/20 15:00U1 3/12 20:20 3530M3U3 3/13 13:10 5880M3U2 3/14 16:30 4389M34e-------IBoric AcidLeakage to ReactorBuilding-Turbine Bldg-Condensation/Water Intake Structure?

L. Barrett Consulting LLC30 Immediately After Unit 3 Explosion 3/14/11 "10:OOAM JSTL. Barrett Consulting LLC31 Post Unit 3 & Pre Unit 4 Explosion(s)

Reactor Building Cross Section~~owncPIMeM

-/rim a~#u t IdillMg^wP.sb ZOM~ Corc4q amtbodmWOt umaL. arI o sl 33Uh2ot-J'4 Nbihrk "AIl**ITe(0l

.0-D. ~~~~3~+/-~'I riiu~n Empty Spent Fuel PoolL. Barrett Consulting LLC34 Unit 4 Refueling Configuration?

J, Refueling Gate-OffLoaded CoreRefueling Cavity SeaL. Barrett Consulting LLC:35 Unit 4 Reactor BuildingT E C IL. Barrett Consulting LLC36 Units 1-6 After U4 Spent Fuel Pool Explosion L. Ddl I ULL k-UlIIYIIr L Lt-Units 1-4 After U4 Spent Fuel Pool Explosion 3/16L. Barrett Consulting LLC38 Units 3, 2, & 1 Looking DownL. Barrett Consulting LLC39 Units 4 & 3 Looking DownL. barreit L(onsulting LLC40 Unit 4 Fuel Pool-Side

~a W Iff i n -3C1IMsiZ A MAE! e n I I~ e- nssM.A, Unit 3 & Unit 4L. Barrett Consulting LLC42 Unit 3 Spent Fuel Pool3/16PMIALý.-)

43

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