ML13197A052

FOIA/PA-2011-0118, FOIA/PA-2011-0119, FOIA/PA-2011-0120 - Resp 111 - Partial, Group Letter Bt. Part 5 of 7

ML13197A052
Person / Time
Site:	Three Mile Island
Issue date:	04/19/2011
From:	Office of Information Services
To:
References
FOIA/PA-2011-0118, FOIA/PA-2011-0119, FOIA/PA-2011-0120
Download: ML13197A052 (43)

Text

Energy, Air, Wter, & Earti Electricity Three Mile Island Reactor Accident Fukushima Tsunami-Reactor Situation National Academies of Sciences April 19, 2011 Lake H. Barrett Rockville, MD Disclaimer: Fukushima Information is preliminary especially regarding interpretationof events; opinions expressed are mine and mine alone.

L. Barrett Consulting LLC I

Evolutionary Background

• Mankind

- Huts to Modern Cities

• Energy

- Simple Fire to Fossil Electricity to Nuclear Electricity

• Energy Density

- Diffuse/Intermittent to Concentrated/Continuous L. Barrett Consulting LLC 2

Constant Evolutionary Societal Benefit/Risk Tradeoffs

• No Energy Source is Free From Risk or Cost

+ L. B'i~eensuItifI~ILC 3

Nuclear Power Plant Boiling Water Reactor System Inerled DryyuiI (Primary Contanmenti Turbinig rjnmratcors Elecltricity 10 SwitchYard Reactor I. -.

"Condenset coa~watat Pumps TFOrUS L. Barrett Consulting LLC 4

Nuclear Fuel Barriers & Heat Output Fukushima 2-4 Core Produces

-2400MWT d

At Full Power can Melt a Ton of Steel in

-33,000 -1 second 12' Long Fuel Decay Heat Drops Rods Quickly @ Scram 1Min 3.0%

~30 sec to melt 1 ton lhr 1.3%

8Hr 0.7%

-2 min to melt 1 ton I Day 0.5%

I Week 0.3%

538 1Month 0.2%

Assemblies -7 min to melt 1 ton With 62 6 Months 0.1%

5 rods

Three Mile Island Units 1 &2 March 28, 1979 L. Barrett Consulting LLC 6

Three Mile Island Unit-2 Accident March 28, 1979 Relief Valve fails to close REACTOR BUILDING AUX)L1ARY f BUILDNG Operators A Stad Believe Reactor

)!

Overfilled and TURBINE BUILDING Turn Off Injection Pumps Audq" togmWEC1R M, A &"c r1Wl *, wmbui. 1711 Core is uncovered Fuel overheats/fails/ 50% Melt

TMI Core Damage Sequence L. Barrett Consulting LLC 8

TMI Core Configuration f"Evening 3/28/1979 Damaged Fuel Rods L. Barrett Consulting LLC 9

Three Mile Island March 28, 1979 Hydrogen Deflagration TMI-2 REACTOR BUILDING COOLING TOWER 28psig 13:00 S*nsrno m1Inlrlo TURBINE BUILDING Trai iksiomator 2Turbine L Gerneratuf Condiensalte C rculabnq plimp Wae pump Main

-- , e~dwatr PUMP

-3M deep, water y00R/hr -Primary IISecondaryI

@ 2 yr (non nuclear)

L. Barrett Consulting LLC 10

High Rad Reactor Water Cleanup System Installed in Spent Fuel Pool 11

Containment Entry Preparations 1984 Barrett Containment Entry For First Reactor Vessel Shield Block Lift L. Barrett Consulting LLC 12

TMI Damaged Core Removal

~1985-1990 Vi 4 p 13

Three Mile Island History

• Reactor Scram: 04:00 3/28/79

" Core melt and relocation: " 05:00 - 07:30 3/28/79

" Hydrogen Deflagration: 13:00 3/28/79

• Recirculation Cooling: Late 3/28/79

• Phased Water Processing: 1979-1993

" Containment Venting 43KCi Kr-85: July 1980

• Containment Entry: July 1980

• Reactor Head removed and core melt found: July 1984

" Start Defuel: October 1985

" Shipping Spent Fuel: 1988-1990

• Finish Defuel: Jan 1990

• Evaporate "2.8M gallons Processed Water: 1991-93

• Cost: "$1 Billion L. Barrett Consulting LLC 14

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Units 5 &6

-Dry SNF Storage Common Spent Fuel Pool Units 1-4 15

Event Initiation March 11, 2011 4 __M V

• About 14:46, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck ONucIlear plants in Japan (Plant design basis earthquake: 8.2)- Plant safety /

systems reportedly function satisfactorily.

• Units 1,2 & 3 Scram & Unit 4 has 100 day old core offloaded into Unit 4 Spent Fuel Pool 15:45, a tsunami 14 meters high inundated the 17 site, whose design basis was 5.7 meters - the reactors and backup diesel power sit roughly 10 to Eas 13 meters above sea level s ,1 A0 300

• • The impacts up and down the northeast coast resulted in tragic loss of 10,000+ lives, damage, Mmf TieFtg~~ fE and destruction of infrastructure.

L. Barrett Consulting LLC 16

Tsunami Waves L. Barrett Consulting LLC 17

Wave Hitting Turbine Building L.Bart Coslin L 18

Tsunami Size Was Accident Cause 3/11 15:45 Note:

-All operating units when earthquake occurred were automatically shut (1) Lass of offsite power down.

-Emergency DIGs have worked due to the earthquake properly until the Tsunami attack.

Tsunami (estimated more than lOnm)

L. Barrett Consulting LLC 19

GE Mark I Reactor Building Boiling Water Reactor Design At Fukushima Daiichi Secondary Containment -*

Refueling Floor

-Spent Fuel Pool Steel Containment Vessel --

- Reactor Vessel Primary Containment -

Suppression Pool (Torus)

L. Barrett Consulting LLC 20

Browns Ferry Primary Containment 21

Battery Power Control of Steam-Driven Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System In Units 2 &3 (Unit 1 Had Isolation Condenser which Boiled Dry)

I

• u U U EU EUN EKE EU EUKUNE flUmE U U U U

- U U

U U

1 15:45 JST U

U U

U U

U U

U U

U U

• -~ CST?

3/11 15:45 to - 3/11 Slide 22 L. Barrett Consulting LLC 24:00 JST

Battery Power Exhausted Core Uncovers and starts to overheat 3/12 -02:00 JST Slide 23 L. Barrett Consulting LLC

Venting Primary Containment H2&

Steam ?

Refueling Bay Core Overheated Primary Containment Pressure-90psia @02:00 3/12 4

3/12 -05:30 U1 3/13 - 00:00 U2 3/13 - 08:40 U3 L. Barrett Consulting LLC 24

U Unit 1 Explosion 3/12 15:31 L. Barrett Consulting LLC 25

Unit 3 Reactor Building Explosion 3/14 11:15 L. Barrett Consulting LLC 26

Fukushima: Reactor Vessel-Primary-Secondary Containment Sequence Primary Coolant System Primary Containment Secondary Containment I

Core Over Heat Vent from Primary No Primary Containment

-Clad Burst -900C Coolant Sys to Primary Cooling therefore Primary

-Clad Oxidize -1200C

-H2 Release Containment- H2, Containment Overpressure-

-Partial Melt~180OC-2700C Steam, & Fission Vent to Secondary

-Primary Coolant System Products (Xe, Kr, I, Cs Containment LLC 27 Overpressure etc) L.Barrett Consulting

Unit 1 Reactor Building L. Barrett Consulting LLC 28

Unit 3 Reactor Building Before After

~ FOQ L. Barrett Consulting LLC 29

Bleed & Feed Core Cooling Established Seawater Injection Started Using Fire Engine Pump Shift to Fresh Water Injection ~3/26-Present:To Dissolve Vapor Venting Possible Salt Cakes Seawater Injection Start Time Injected to 3/20 15:00 U1 3/12 20:20 3530M3 U3 3/13 13:10 5880M3 U2 3/14 16:30 4389M3 I

4 e-------

Boric Acid Leakage to Reactor Building-Turbine Bldg-Condensation/Water Intake Structure?

L. Barrett Consulting LLC 30

Immediately After Unit 3 Explosion 3/14/11 "10:OOAM JST L. Barrett Consulting LLC 31

Post Unit 3 & Pre Unit 4 Explosion(s)

Reactor Building Cross Section

/rim

~~owncPIMeM t I - a~#u dillMg^wP.sb ZOM~ Corc4q amtbodmWOt uma L. arI o sl 33 Uh2ot-J'4 Nbihrk ~~~~3~+/-~'I.0-D.

"AIl**ITe(0l riiu~n

Empty Spent Fuel Pool L. Barrett Consulting LLC 34

Unit 4 Refueling Configuration?

J, Refueling Gate

- OffLoaded Core Refueling Cavity Sea L. Barrett Consulting LLC :35

Unit 4 Reactor Building TE C I L. Barrett Consulting LLC 36

Units 1-6 After U4 Spent Fuel Pool Explosion L. Ddl I ULL k-UlIIY IIr L Lt-

Units 1-4 After U4 Spent Fuel Pool Explosion 3/16 L. Barrett Consulting LLC 38

Units 3, 2, & 1 Looking Down L. Barrett Consulting LLC 39

Units 4 & 3 Looking Down L. barreit L(onsulting LLC 40

Unit 4 Fuel Pool-Side

~a W Iff i n -3C1IMsiZ A MAE! e n I I~e- nssM.A,

Unit 3 & Unit 4 L. Barrett Consulting LLC 42

Unit 3 Spent Fuel Pool 3/16 43 PMIALý.-)