ML19317G463

Quarterly Environ Status Rept Apr-June 1971

ML19317G463
Person / Time
Site:	Crystal River
Issue date:	06/30/1971
From:	FLORIDA POWER CORP.
To:
References
NUDOCS 8003160073
Download: ML19317G463 (117)

Text

.__.,

J p.g 7

% C y.

m

. _y

~e t

<gg. Q>.-

+

~,..,...

(

t

.. '..y., e 9

.i,

.c. 9" * -M i

d' s.

'd 4 4

g e.

-e s-

. o m.-

1

\\

s

. ?

r N' } g

.}

I g

~

i}, f j

3

.g

\\^,

.. r -

,j '-

a.

2.; i

.s tr r

s'u

s

.d'

-[ q

,4

~'

, 1,

j S

e'*

? a.a f

p &,

d 1,

.',.,g.

'y

+.4 s =-

a. :.

\\

e.

m-,

- *~

4 u,

.~

M

+

4h

-e.

e.y.,-

,.'.9~

,

• w,

,..,y n

+

1 I

's

- s.

's

-u

' '. + -f -

g' e usy e

'Y

.s A

y

-.... '. f

. r

~

?

s

?

.C 1

M-

.f*

y' 1.

_ yr

-. w.4.1 +..

+

's

=

s*'.,

rh s

e k

=

y e.

F b

t

. = -

i e;

e..

w-

+*,

-- '*' tt-

'* f

,~

e:'

,.4 f

7; 4

p -

,.I 3

s s...y o.

A

.g m-

- ',j. - -*;

3

'f; 6 g -

w:

6' f.

k'

,a gae q -

9.

+ga g

4%

. ",'i

, 3.,

4 's x

(

~

g

)

a

~

\\

+

\\

v p

- - +. -

D.

. g 4

}

es 4

s.

s.

g6

?-

4

=

/

l 2

l

\\

As a matter of responsible citizenship and good business, Florida Power Corporation, as a prime corporate policy and goal, is taking every meaningful step to protect the environment from any adverse effects that might result from the production, transmission and distribution of electricity. Sound planning of each new facility coupled with complete operational surveillance programs and timely evaluations of each potential pollution source will provide the necessary information for attaining our stated goal.

1 Ongoing research programs, education of Company personnel and working knowledge of existing techniques and control equipment will always remain at a level consistent with the desired upward trend in Company environmental competence.

s.

A. P. Perez President

-~. _. _.._

m__

e H0r!08 p0Wer e

Cor]Gral:10n QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT l

2bleor,correa;:s Page 3 i

GENERAL 4

ll SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 4 Ill MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 5 IV MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM (CRYSTAL RIVER) 5 V

PRE OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY (CRYSTAL RIVER) 5 A. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services 5

B. University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering 5

VI, CHLORINATION STUDY (CRYSTAL RIVER) 7 Vil APPENDICES 10 A. Florida Department of Natural Resources Thermal Addition Reports 14 B. University of South Florida Thermal Discharge Plume Report, Data Report 004 36 C. University of Florida Chlorination Study 61 D. University of Florida Radiological Report 70 E. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Radiological Survey Report 80 F. Pinellas County Health Department Radiation Surveillance Report 84 G. University of South Florida Environmentalinvestigation at the Anclote River Plant Site 110 Vill DISTRIBUTION LIST I

3 IGENERAL issues. The Company is optimistic that this organization can do just that.

The publication of this quarterly issue of the Research program development continued Environmental Status Report records the devel-

. through the quarter as preparations were made

.opment of Florida Power Corporation's environ.

for contract renewals in some programs. The mental activities during April, May, and June, productivity of the first year's activities has been 1971. This repart emphasizes those programs exemplary, not only in terms of the dedication investigating the environs of the Crystal River and response of the investigators to the chal-Nudear Plant now under construction. In addi-lenges of their specialties, but more importantly tion, a progress report of the environmental as a basis for further growth toward a syste-efforts at the Anclote fossil fired generating site matic, cooperative alliance between academic is included in Appendix G. The locations of the and industrial interests seeking solutions to Crystal River and Anclote sites are shown in common problems. An example of this coopera.

Figure 1 (page 6).

tive, problem solving application is the develop-Since the last issue of this report, the Com-ment and initiation of the " Technical Report."

pany's Power Plant Engineering and Construc-In response to requests by Florida Power Corpo-tion responsibility has been elevated with the ration for the examination of specific areas of promotion of Mr. Joel T. Rodgers to Assistant environmental concern, the Marine Science in-Vice President Generation Engineering and Con-stitute of the University of South Florida devel-struction. In addition, the Generation Engineer-oped the " Tech Report." The utility and signifi-ing and Construction effort is now organized into cance of this problem-oriented tool lie with the five Departments:

ability of the mechanism to present short te.m evaluations within a contextual framework of Department Head Title long term study. This then allows interim conclu-Generation Engineering WA(Walt)Szelistowski Director sions to be drawn and projections made which Generation Construction H.L (Hal) Bennett Directo*

lend credible guidance toward developing "envi-Generation Quality ronmentally compatible" engineering decisions.

& Standards M.H. (Mike) Kleinman Manager This technique has been received quite enthusi-Generation Services RB. (Bob) McKnight Manager astically by the researchers and should continue Generation Environmental to provide a major environmental contribution.

& Regulatory Affairs JA (John)Hancock Manager Two " Tech Reports" received this quarter have been included in Appendix G with the quarterly The Generation Environmental and Regulatory progress report of the Marine Science Institute.

Affairs Department is the principal group The " Southern Conference on Environmental involved with this report and associated activi.

Radiation Protection from Nuclear Power Plants" ties. One of the primary functions of this Depart-was held in St. Petersburg Beach, Florida on ment is to provide a contemporary service to the April 2122,1971. The purpose of the confer-overall Generation Engineering and Construction ence was to promote the interchange of technical effort by developing an understanding of envi-information relating to the radiological impact ronmental processes, from regulatory and eco-of nuclear power plants on the environment and logical perspectives, and interpreting the Inter-man. The objectives of the conference were:

action these influences have with respect to the

1. To provide updated information on in-engineering, construction and production of plant sources of radioactivity and waste man-electric power. The meeting of future electric agement practices included in the operation of generating needs with minimal environmental modern nuclear power plants.

impact at a reasonable cost in the public interest

2. To evaluate techniques used for in-plant can only be accomplished if the decision makers and environmental monitoring at nuclear power can be brought a complete perspective on such stations.

4

3. To inform participants of the Region IV tion Environmental and Regulatory Affairs Office of the U. S. Environmental Protection Department, has been privileged to have the Agency plan for collection of environmental data assistance of Dr. Richard W. Englehart and Mr.

for assessment of population exposure.

Gregory T. Gibson during the summer months.

4. To discuss the United States Atomic Dr. Englehart, an Assistant Professor of Nuclear Energy Commission amenciments to 10 CFR, Engineering at the University of Florida, is pro.

Parts 20 and 50, relative to discharges of radio.

viding invaluable assistance, not only through activity to the environment at the lowest practical his nuclear background, but also through his levels.

enthusiastic involvement with the environmental One hundred three re presentatives of indus.

aspects of electric power production. His unique try, university faculties, and Federal, State and awareness may P attributable, at least in part, Local governments attended this conference.The to his previous experience with the Florida Power conference was sponsored by the Region IV Radi.

sponsored program " Environmental Surveillance ation Office of the U. S. Environmental Protec.

for Radioactivity in the Vicinity of the Crystal tion Agency (Atlanta, Georgia) and the Florida River Nuclear Power Plant: An Ecological Ap-Division of Health. The Florida Power Corpora.

proach," foregoing at the University of Florida.

tion hosted the conference. Dr. Joseph A. Lieber.

Mr. Gibson, a senior in nuclear physics at man, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Radia.

Georgia Tech, is also enhancing the productivity tion Programs, Radiation Office, Environmental and general development of the department with Protection Agency, keynoted the conference. The his background in the nuclear sciences and his dinner session was fortunate in having Dr. Ernest interests in industrial environmental manage.

B. Tremmel, Director, Division of Industrial Par.

ment.

ticipatien, United States Atomic Energy Com.

mission, present "What the Future Holds for SITE METEOROLOGY PROGRAM Nuclear Power." The varicius discussions held (CRYSTAL RIVER) 4 throughout the conference resulted in the

[

healthy interchange of various viewpoints.

Data acquisition of site meteorological condi.

As noted in the previous issue of the Environ-tions continues to be an important aspect of our mental Status Report, a " Memorandum of Agree.

environmental monitoring. The information re-ment Regarding Emergency Radiological Assis.

ceived is pertinent to the various research pro.

tance for the Crystal River Site of the Florid.

grams as well as to the effective development of Power Corporation" has been initiated by the the operative procedurcs for the nuclear plant.

Florida Division of Health pursuant to satisfying The results of the meteorology program have FlorHa Power Corporation's responsibilities for experienced little fluctuation from those obtained offsite emergencies. Since that time an "in.

and presented in the previous issue. For the house" review of the memorandum has been results of the previous quarter, reference is given l

accomplished and interchange made with Florida to the January, February, March,1971 Environ-l Power and Light Company due to the potential mental Status Report, pages 10-22.

l applicability of the memorandum to all opera-j, tional nuclear plants in the State. A meeting to i

MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRAM further discuss this effort was planned for July s

(CRYSTAL RIVER) 29,1971 at the State Division of Health facilities L]

in Jacksonville and for attendance by representa.

The efforts of the Florida Department of Natural i

tives of the Occupational and Radiological Health Resources have been directed toward the pro.

l Section of the Florida Division of Health, Florida duction of manuscripts presenting the results of Power Corporation and Florida Power and Light data analyses from samples collected during Company.

1969 and 1970. Publication is expected in the Florida Power, and in particular the Genera-near future.

5 It has been announced by Mr. Robert M.

received from the TLD sampling network. The Ingle, Chief, Marine Science and Technology, results of the first data set compare favorably that the research activities at the Crystal River with expected levels at sea level.

%j, C plant site will be terminated following comple-f tion of the July sampling. A brief report of the CHLORINATION STUDY quarterly progress is included in Appendix A.

U - ?

In a recently initiated program, the University of

/ MARINE THERMAL PLUME PROGRAM FI rida Department of Environmental Engineer-ing began a study of the effects of power plant The University of South Florida, Marine Science chlorination on the marine microbiota at the Institute, has continued to document the thermal Crystal River Site.

plume characteristics under spring and summer The desirability of the chlorir** ion of cooling condtions. The computer model of the plume water lies in the control of Ning organisms activity in the estuary has been programmed and within the condenser tubes. The attached orga-is presently being " debugged." The Oceanogra-nisms reduce efficiency by reduction of heat phic Data Acquisition System began monitoring transfer and cause pitting of the stainless steel thermal plume temperature characteristics at tubing. The previously used method of " con-an average of ten locations in the discharge area denser tube shooting" has proved to be of only this quarter. It was not operational during the limited effectiveness.

latter part of the quarter due to broken sensor To document the environmental effects of cables and malfunction of the tone receivers the chlorination, the Department of Environ-which control buoy interrogation. The problems mental Engineering has received two objectives have been resolved. During the next quar +er, the for their studies: to measure residual chlorine system will be retrofitted by Electronic Com-in the discharge area under various ambient munications Inc. to improve data collection conditions; and to %dy direct and indirect ef-reliability. A fourth progress report has been fects of chlorinated woling water on the quality received and is included in Appendix B.

of the receiving water.

This quarter, two baseline studies were con-

/ PRE-OPERATIONAL ducted before chlorination was initiated. These studies will aid in separating thermal effects RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY from changes induced by chlorine additions. The A. Florica Department of Health and results of the two baseline studies are given in Rehabilitative Services Appendix C.

The Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services continued their radiological surveillance around the Crystal River Site during the second quarter. During this period, one hundred sam-pies were analyzed. The analyses and compari-sons,in addition to recapitulation of data relating to vegetation, are presented in Appendix E.

B. University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering The Department of Environmental Engineering continued to sample the marine and marshlands during this quarter. The freshwater sampling network was expanded to 'nclude the Crystal River and Withlacoochee Rive.

In addition, the first set sf data has been

6 S.

(,* '

o Dh.

6 CRYSTAL RivtR PLANT 9

(f,9

> C7,'

g$

1

,P

=

{

,d '

I

~4o

, t Ro., s t

/

s. '.'

'O outr or Mexco

[

ANCloft PLANT LAntLANDjs pm

.s

• O * **

• cLtAR=A ftR g

TAMPA 0

t.

57. PtitRssuRo g

c N

5 SARASoTA y

(

Figure 1. Location of FPC Power Plant Sites on the Gulf of Mexico

7 VI alJDendices

9 T.'a y

EO.

e b b%.] d

10 I

h THERMAL ADDITION Ih!

d I

!.bl CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT SITE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY Director Robert M. Ingle Supervisor Edwin A. Joyce, Jr.

Staff Churchill B. Grimes William G. Lyons Stanley W. Morey Joe Mountain

(

11 QUARTERLY REPORT TO THE ST. PETERSBURG LABORATORY FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION APRIL, MAY AND JUNE 1971 As in the field laboratory, most effort during this quarter has been directed toward analysis and All Marine Research Laboratory efforts in Ther.

publication of 1969 and 1970 data. These manu.

mal Effects studies during this quarter have scripts are currently at the printers and include primarily directed toward completion of analyses analysis of 1969 invertebrate collected at Crystal and writingof manuscripts for publication.

River (Professional Paper Series #14); analysis of 1969 and 1970 benthic marine algae (Pro-CRYSTAL RIVER FIELD LABORATORY fessi n ! Paper Series #16) and a symposium on the thermal effects studies conducted at the The first publication on the fish data collected St. Petersburg facilities (Professional Paper during 1969 (Professional Paper Series #11)

Series #15). These publications will total almost was received from the printer early in this 400 pages when published and will be a major quarter. The manuscript of the results of 1970 contribution to our understanding of the thermal fish sampling was completed during the last of effects problem.

June and is being readied for the printer. It will With the temporary closing of the Crystal be published as a Technical Series of the Marine River Field Laboratory and the completion of Laboratory. All regular sampling was continued, publications on earlier studies, the St. Peters-although late June samples were delayed to July burg laboratory is presently preparing for new in order to complete the manuscripts, and more detailed thermal tolerance studies.

Following the completion of sampling in July, These will be designed to cMlimit significant the Field Laboratory staff and equipment will areas of concern as indicated by our earlier return to St. Petersburg where Mr. Joe Mountain studies.

will begin the analysis of the 1971 samples. The temporary termination of the field laboratory results from further delay in the initiation of M,

operation of the nuclear power plant (now esti-mated to begin in early 1974). Data gathered ROBERT M. INGLE thus far will provide a good baseline of informa.

Chief, Marine Science & Technology tion and the continual collection of additional 21 July 1971 data is not presently necessary nor economically warranted. The field laboratory will probably be re established in early 1973 prior to initiation of nuclear generation. In the meantime, Thermal Effects research at the St. Petersburg facilities will be increased.

13 I 3 fl r:

3'

? ?

i 9

1.

3 i e

i aM /.'

49-1 1

14 1

1

%e P'On A PT d 6 L C.,

lj b p d i

a NO.004 ON INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL EFFECTS OF POWER PLANT DISCHARGE University of South Florida Marine Science institute Principal Investigator Dr. Kendall L Carder Graduate Assistants Ronald H. Klausewitz Frederick C. Schlemmer 11 Student Assistant Bruce A. Rodgers l

l l

I

15 INTRODUCTION bars (the English Bars) are almost completely dead as is the westmost bar of the middle During the period covered by this report, spring string. This may indicate a more complete block-and summer plume characteristics were docu.

age of the brackish water by the growing inner mented. These data were collected for input into bars. It will be of particular interest to investi-a thermal plume model as well as to provide a gate the base material of the middle string of historic record of a certain environmental bars since these are the most influential fac-parameter.

tors in the drainage of the immediate discharge Discharge basin bathymetry, dye dispersion, area.

water turbidity, and STD (salinity temperature-depth) investigations are reported below, as well BAR CONFIGURATION as the results of a preliminary run of a numerical AND COMPOSITION circulation model. This run was designed pri-marily to " debug" the program and does not On 1 May,1971, a bathymetric investigation was include various dynamic boundary conditions.

begun of the oyster and shell bars in the dis-charge area. These bars have a marked effect BATHYMETRIC Date: March 13,1971 on the flow of water inside the discharge area as SURVEY Time: 11:32-14:08 has been shown in dye dispersion studies and Tide: 08:54 +0.1 STD runs.2 The depth of the bars and their com-14:54 +3.0 position must be determined as input to the hy-draulic model. The depth determines the amount The path of transport of water in any basin is of flow over the bar, and the composition deter-highly dependent on the relative depth of one mines the friction factor for the material on the area compared to another. It was quite impor-surface of the bar.

tant, therefore, that the basin to be modeled at The results of the investigation (depths are Crystal River be accurately charted for depth.

listed in Table 1 and stations shown in Figure 2)

A Sonarmarine Depth finder was used to record show a very congested bar area north of Elbow the depths along five east west transects of the Pass with almost total blockage of circulation outfall basin. The absolute depths ranged from except in the area south of Station 15. South of 19.5 feet just west of the English Bars to less Elbow Pass the best east west drainage is pro-than one foot over the oyster bars in the mid-vided for the discharge area by the bathymetry section of the basin.The boat was run at a nearly at Stations 1 through 5. This evidence is sup-uniform speed of six miles per hour.

ported by the implied circulation patterns pro-The recorded depths were then corrected for vided by the contours of previous STD reports 2 tidal height using the tidal record from the plant as well as in the ebb tide STD contours prepared recorder. A mean sea level depth was arrived at for this report (see especially Figure 8).

from the recorded tidal history, and the depths Some previously uncharted bars were dis-were adjusted to the mean. From this data a covered to be east of Station 21. These bars are contour of the basin was drawn, appearing as not shown on any USCGS charts nor are they Figure 1.1 Of interest are the holes predomi.

apparent in the aerial photographs used to es-nantly in the south and southwest portion of the tablish the Marine Science Institute baseline basin. These could be scour holes associated chart.2 They apparently are of fairly recent origin, with high current flow, which is not unlikely Since it is planned to exercise the hydraulic based on the results of the hydraulic model (see model with various bathymetric changes in the Figures 17 and 18), or sinkholes in the limestone discharge basin it is essential to establish all of base. The rectilinear pattern of the oyster bars

. is of interest and may represent a pattern of Figures and tables are shown on pp. 21 through 33.

resistant limestone substrate. The westernmost 2see reference 3.

E

16 the obstructions present. Only in this manner were also taken but will be discussed in a later can it be established which factors or physical section. Measurements were taken at the surface features are the most important in the rate of as well as at a depth of three feet. Tidal and dispersion of the heated water. On going study meteorological data are summarized in Table 3.

areas will be those east and west of the bar line The survey was completed at 1457 hours0.0169 days <br />0.405 hours <br />0.00241 weeks <br />5.543885e-4 months <br />.

investigated here.

Figures 7,8,9, and 10 are surface and three foot contours of temperature and salinity respec-CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 7 tively. Since th'ese data were collected later in the ebb cycle than measurements reported pre-At 1200 hours0.0139 days <br />0.333 hours <br />0.00198 weeks <br />4.566e-4 months <br /> on 12 June,1971, a twenty-viously, the contours extend farther westward.

eight station STD (salinity temperature-depth)

The effect of the gaps in the oyster bars is readily survey of the discharge basin commenced dur-apparent when surface and three foot contours ing a flood tide. Salinities and temperatures are compared. The water column also appears to were measured at the surface and at depths of be better mixed during ebb tide than during flood three feet. Tidal and meteorological data are due to the higher turbulent velocities expected summarized in Table 2. The survey was com.

during ebb.

pleted at 1720 hours0.0199 days <br />0.478 hours <br />0.00284 weeks <br />6.5446e-4 months <br />.

Figures 3,4,5, and 6 show the surface and DYE DROP #1 March 10,1971 three foot contours of temperature and salinity respectively. The salinity contours indicate a The dye was dispersed as the tide turned from strong southerly flow of fresh Withlacoochee flood to ebb. The point of insertion was just east River water from the Cross Florida Barge Canal.

of biological marker #3 near the end of the north This water apparently is displaced by heavier bank of the discharge canal. The dye spread Gulf water moving up the Barge Canal during quickly north and west in a large almost con-flood tide. Since the bathymetry in the discharge centric ring. As the ebb tide current became basin is shallower and contains more obstacles stronger, the northern section, which had been to flow than does that of the Barge Canal. a tidal heading for the grass flats, stalled, and the west-phase lag occurs in the discharge basin as com.

ward movement accelerated with the increasing pared to an identical longitude in the Barge ebb tide. When diffusion made the dye invisible Canal. This allows the basin to fill with Bargo to the naked eye it was detected by means of a Canal water from the north as well as Gulf water fluorometer (Turner, Model 111) which can de-from the west.

tect dye levels down to one tenth of a part per The temperature contours (Figures 3 and 4) billion. In the west portion of the channel the indicate that thermal plume water fills into the dye diffused rapidly to 5 to 10 ppb within about area east of the strong southerly (Barge Canal three hours and spread over an area with a mile source) flow and north of the discharge canal.

long periphery. After four hours the dye had Solar heating in the shallows may be distorting reached the western tip of the discharge canal l

the size of the thermal plume to make it appear spoil bank. It had traveled 1.1 n.m. west and.25 somewhat larger. Thermal buoy data should pro.

n.m. north. Along the north rim the dye was still vide the basis for a better understanding of the visible, stalled in the shallows.

non conservative diurnal effects. It will be dis.

Figure 11 shows the path of the dye. The cussed in the next technical report.

arrows represent velocity " streamlines" or places where the concentration of the dye re-CRYSTAL RIVER STD SURVEY NO. 8 mained the strongest in comparison with the sur-rounding waters.

A STD survey of the discharge basin under ebb Table 4 provides tidal and meteorological tidal conditions commenced at 0927 hours0.0107 days <br />0.258 hours <br />0.00153 weeks <br />3.527235e-4 months <br /> on data as well as the time and dye concentration 1 July,1971. Light scattering measurements at the stations listed on Figure 11.

17

==

Conclusions:==

dispersed to the northwest, turned east, and As the effluent reached the end of the northern slowed in velocity. The velocity did not increase spoil and emptied into the larger body of water again until 1515 hours0.0175 days <br />0.421 hours <br />0.0025 weeks <br />5.764575e-4 months <br /> at which time it had several important effects are noted. The velocity reached the next group of bars shoreward.

of the water dropped rapidly here (see Figure 16, At the second set of bars the flow of the dyed channel current run), and the plume water took water was quite similar to the first set. The veloc-two different paths depe.1 ding on the tidal condi.

ity increased when the tops of the bars began to tion. Since the dump was made just before the submerge. The flow through these bars was con-turn of the tide, the water first headed into the centrated in the second, third, ar:d fourth breaks flats north of the discharge canal. STD runs north of the discharge canal. After the dye had made in the past3 support the conclusion that passed through these bars it became undetect-on flood conditions the plume heads north into able on the fluorometer.

the shallows (see Figure 3, Flood STD). As the Figure 12 shows the paths of the dye. The ebbing tidal current increased, the dyed water arrows represent velocity " streamlines" or close to the channel was drawn back into the places where the concentration of the dye re-channel, diffusing out to form a wide, invisible mained the strongest in comparison with the sur-front which flowed rapidly along the discharge rounding waters.

canal spoil bank. Although this water was rapidly Table 5 gives the station numbers which cor-flushed toward the Gulf, the water that had been respond to the numbers on Figure 12 as well as dispersed into the shallows before the tidal cur.

the time and concentration at each station.

rent changed was not flushed out. even though

==

Conclusions:==

observed through a period of maximum ebb cur.

As flood tide waters approached the discharge rent. The residence time for these salt marshes canal several effects were noted. First, the total will be the subject of future investigation. Their area filled with water one basin at a time. Each resistance to flushing may have been the effect had its own definite boundaries. The boundaries of the strong southerly wind, for the first area are the bars on the east and west edges of Figure 12. The boundaries for the DYE DROP #2 second area are the bars on the east of Figure 12 and the shore, even further to the east. The Dye was dropped as the tide turned from ebb southern boundary has been determined.

to flwd on 13 June,1971. The drop zone was The basin by basin flooding of these areas located at Biological Station #5, at the west tip was supported by the stalling of the dye progres-of the discharge spoil bank.

sion until the water level reached the top of The dye moved slowly westward as a large the bars, at which time the dye and water surged concentrated mass, being conveyed by the plant through the breaks in the bars. During the time discharge. As the flood tidal currents became of this surge it was also possible to see a dif-effective, the mass of dye stalled, turned north.

ference in the water level itself.

ward, and divided into two masses approximately Secondly, as flood tide waters approached equal in size (see Figure 12). The dye moved the discharge canal the plume water was forced slowly toward the bars until the bars were nearly to turn northward and fill the first basin, between submerged. At that time the dye divided into the bars. As the tidal currents increased they three concentrations: two turned northward flow.

caused plume water moving west in the canal to ing through Finger Pass, and the third turned slow in velocity and turn northward to fill the eastward and moved through the first break in second basin (between the east bars arid the the bars north of the discharge canal.

shoreline). This conclusion is supported by pre-When diffusion had rendered the dye impos.

vious flood tide STD runs.3 in which the plume I

sible to trace visually, it was detected by means of a fluorometer (see Dye Drop #1). The dye asee reference 3.

l l

l

18 has been found to move to the northwest and the water farther out in the basin. The discharge concentrate in the areas described here as the channel showed consistently higher readings first and second basins. Future dye studies and than the intake channel.

investigations will give an even greater under.

The comparison run between the intake and standing of the rates and patterns of flooding discharge canals was performed under very simi.

and flushing in the total basin.

lar conditions on the next day. The method of towing the instrument as well as towing speed TRANSMISSOMETER SURVEYS were similar to those of the previous day.

A comparison between Stations 19 22 and On June 26 and 27,1971, transmissometer sur.

Stations 46 49 taken at approximately the same veys of the Crystal River plant discharge basin locations but after the effects of three hours of and a comparison run including both the input wind bears out the conviction that a large portion and discharge basins were run respectively. The of the turbidity in the outer basin was caused transmissometer was a Model 412 from Hydro by wind waves. The marked turbidity differences Products with a one meter light path. Figure 13 between similar areas on either side of the intake shows the results of the discharge basin run of spoi! can probably be attributed to differences in June 26, and Figure 14 shows the results of the depth, sediment type, and proximity to the Cross comparison run on the two channels. The results Florida Barge Canal, for both runs are tabulated in Tables 6 and 7, The high turbidity in the area of Station 19 resp 6ctively.

is not so easily explained. Its source may have The discharge basin exhibited very high tur.

been the Cross Florida Barge Canal. It should bidities, with transmissivity ranging from 0% in be noted that in both runs the northern areas the areas just west of the discharge spoil bank were relatively high in turbidity, it will be the and west of the English Bars, to 12% in a small object of the next run to investigate the vicinity area just north of the intake spoil bank (station of the barge canal and its spoil banks to assess 36). The southerly wind of 7 mph although not its contribution to the total turbidity of the dis.

exceptionally strong was quite sustained and charge basin.

apparently had been so for some time since seas Due to low resolution resulting from near on the westernmost legs were rough and running zero readings through the one meter light path, at about three feet. This undoubtedly contributed it is desirable in the future to operate with a unit to some of the turbidity in the area west of the more adapted to the higher, inshore type tur.

English Bars. Lack of fetch was a likely contrib.

bidity values. The Model 612 transmissometer uting factor to the relative clarity of the water with a one tenth meter (ten centimeter) path just north of the intake spoil but remoteness with will be used in future surveys at Crystal River.

respect to proximity to the barge canal was quite This unit will be borrowed from the Anclote River important. also. The transmissometer was towed research project when available.

from the barge (see earlier reports for a descrip.

tion)4 about two feet below the sunace of the LIGHT SCATTERING water. It is interesting to note the similarity of the 3% contour with past ebb STD plume pat.

On 1 July,1971, a series of 35 turbidity stations terns even though flood tide was ficmly into the was made using a Brice Phoenix light scattering basin at the time of measurement.

photometer. This instrument has been described There was no marked difference in water in detail by Spilhaus (1965) and Pak (1970).

clarity between the discharge plume wa2er and Carder (1970) and Beardsley et al. (1970) have that of the rest of the basin. In fact, the water in shown that the light scattered at an angle of 45*

the discharge canal was less turbid than some of from the direction of propagation of the incident light beam was proportional to the total cross.

4See reference 3.

sectional area of the suspended particles for e

9-sw e

-Os

19 several oceanic samples. Thus, light scattering esting to note that the lowest velocity was at values can be quantitatively related to particle Biological Station #3. This is the point at which concentration.

the eFluent actually diverges into the discharge Figure 15 is a contour plot of the volume basin or embayment. A " delta" effect is evident scattering function $(S) for 0 = 45' (relative here as occurs at.the mouth of natural rivers portion of light scattered at 45') during ebb tide.

entering larger bodies of water. This point usu.

The data indicate that the turbidity in the dis-ally is accompanied by a marked decrease in the charge canalis about one half that in the Cross rate of flow and a consequent droppirig of the Florida Barge Canal with local sources (resus.

heavier sediments. The bathymetric study of pended bottom sediments) contributing heavily the discharge canal (Carder 1970 8) shows no to the turbidity pattern during strong tidal flow, evidence of this type of delta building leading This is especially true in regions constricting the to the possibility that the suspended sediments flow as discussed in the previous section. The are fine enough to be carried in suspension even turbidity in the region as a whole is between 30 at the reduced velocity.

and 100 times that of the clearest open ocean Point X (see Figure 16) is the location where water, and between 10 and 20 times that of the temperature is one half the difference be-typical surface water from the Gulf of Mexico tween ambient and maximum effluent tempera-(unpublished data by the author).

ture or that location where the water has lost The principle source of turbidity is the With-50% of the gained heat. The time required for lacoochee River-Cross Florida Barge Canal net-this is equal to 5.2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> under slack water tidal work. The salinity patterns during flood tide conditions.

(Figure 5) indicate a strong southerly flow from the Barge Canal along the wet *ern edge of the HYDRAULIC MODEL RESULTS marshlands. During slack water a certain amount of deposition occurs, especially in the grassy The first run of the hydraulic model yielded re-areas. These regions then provide a ready course suits for a complete tidal cycle. These results of fine sediments for resuspension when turbu-are being analyzed to determine the sequence lent water velocities become great enough at of floodir.g and ebbing flow throughout the basin.

peak ebb tide or during periods of strong winds.

This is the first successful run of the model.

Water sources and sinks in the discharge basin VELOCITIES ON THE h ve n t been included yet except for tidal input DISCHARGE CHANNEL "I ng the western open boundary. The bars are be.ing treated as shallow areas and will be incor-On 6 March,1971, a current vane study of the porated into a weir scheme in a later version.

discharge canal was performed. The intent was The grid interval on this run was 467.713 to determine what head the plant flow produced feet and the tidal period was 12.0 hours0 days <br />0 hours <br />0 weeks <br />0 months <br />. The along the canal for entry into the hydra,ulic forcing function was a simple sinusoid 1.6 feet i

model. The times of measurement were chosen in amplitude. This value was arrived at after for a tide at practically a " stand" conditio.., for studying tidal record data for the Gulf of Mexico March 6 tidal range was 0.3 feet over a four hour (Coast and Geodetic Survey,1962). The time in, and thirty two minute period. Thus the tidal im-crement consistent with stability requirements pact on the velocities were at a minimum. The was 12 seconds. The program ran for 49 minutes measurements were made approximately in the simulating 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> of real time.

center of that time. The biological stations were

==

Conclusions:==

used as measuring points to provide a stable The ebb tide results (Figure 17) show flow quite reference.

consistent with the STD results for ebb tide (see The results show the highest velocity was at Figure 8). The effluent after leaving the dis-Biological Station #1 as anticipated. It is inter.

charge spoil bank heads to the southwest and

20 empties through two major gaps in the southern REFERENCES set of bars.

The flood tide results (Figure 18) show a

1. Beardsley, G. F., Jr., H. Pak, K. L. Carder, fairly complete reversal of this process with the and B. Lundgren,1970. Light scattering and flood waters approaching the tip of the discharge suspended particles in the Eastern equatorial spoil on a northeasterly course. This movement Pacific Ocean, Journ. Geophys. Res. 75(15).

would logically produce the northern displace.

ment of the plume during flood conditions that

2. Carder, K. L.,1970. Particles in the eastern we have seen during flood STD runs (see Figure equatorial Pacific Ocean: Their distribution and 3). This northern area is quite well contained effect upon optical parameters, Ph.D. thesis, between the shoreline, the middle set of bars, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.

and the flooding waters. It would become an area on flood tide much like a basin, containing

3. Carder, K. L., A. July-September 1970 the plume water and the river water. This would B. October-December 1970 make it an area of high sedimentation and strati.

C. January-March 1971 fication, which is consistent with observed field Independent environmental study of thermal ef.

data.

fects of power plant discharge. Environmental Status Reports. Florida Power Corporation.

Respectfully submitted,

4. Coast and Geodetic Survey,1962. Summary of Tidal Benchmark information.

g

5. Pak, H.,1970. The Columbia River as a Kendall L. Carder source of marine light scattering particles, Ph.D.

Principal Investigator thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Ore-gon.

6. Spilhaus, A. F., Jr.,1965. Observations of light scattering in sea water. Ph.D. thesis. Mas.

sachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

I r

L

k e

r) &Q. \\ d A

/

'..,% (

2.

AI 9

3 O u

9 V;

p y

.\\

i

..I

• b c

=..

.d

.33 D

Q F

3

,, Elbow fase b.,

'E e

3

..-;g:-,

s.3

<-9 22 D o C)O -9Ng.

.h X

g $,

6 s

\\*

/ Es l

p'

.q-Q b

,/

f

$P q

f R

i

^

.,,,Q Figure 3 Flood Tide Surface Temperatures June 12.1971 Contour Interval 0.5'C

\\

N i

CPo i.

b M

I t. f

\\

>; ; f... /

e-1 Y

g

• s (A

/

. C. -

s V.

.\\.

~,

'g 4

)

w9 s b A l

~; R massem sueuavus a.: *c ammes asna n.s 'c ser.m umas Figure 4 Flood Tide Three Foot Temperatures June 12.1971 Contour Interval 0.S*C l

^

Q 0(N' I

ij, b

(

e, 7

,US

{

o.s

=>

g.o

% +>

5

~'

s

+-

_q z.

/g

.. f,

~..

),

l...

l Figure 5 Flood Tide Surface Salinity June 12,1971 Contour interval 0.5 poOO Q

l.

o g..\\

f e

g

..s I

~~%

W.g.S

(,,.,

C

.s, -

2I!s

~

naure a Flood Tide Three Foot Salinity June 12,1971 Contour Interval 0.5

N Qb 8

2 M

/.3

.' 'h

'?

].

s.o an

~'

L:,,.. -

23.s g

^q r ~...

Figure 7 Ebb Tide Surface Temperatures July 1,1971 Contour interval 0.5'C ik k

f)r+-

M

/

(

O :...

' -r?.. O y

' ' * '(

- 2,,,

3afC

.nu,.,.,maus w/*

p asets 38.9 'C 834 85 88 "

gg Ebb Tide Three Foot Temperature July 1,1971 Contour Interval O.5'C

1 25

\\

a00 N

• a t

s

\\

> i',

y t>b

/*

n a

s.o m E;*

~' s, CD

.s..... 7 L-t,.

...no f--

1 l...............

Figure 9 Ebb Tide surface salinity July 1.1971 Contour tnterval o.5 */o*

Q0

\\'

s *-

/D s

M

> t, b

y

'? A 6r...,

t n

.s "d

e a y*.,*

, a. ;~

.g

,c~..

o Ebb Tide F

MD Julyle197 ContourIntervat0.5 oAa

26 C' o C'

% 0 jO e

.s

.s

.s

?;-

F'gure 11 Ebb Tide Dye Study March 10,1971 Probable Tidal Flow N

6

c. O g

) i j

0 s

.I,./

b l

c7

.N h.

bs y

o y

,s sNN o

' S. <:>> 3,,

'I N y. __

-- -3

_.. u.r t.

=

Zf f

l Figure 12 U

o Flood Tide Dye Study g

June 13.1971

. 2a o

Probable Tidal Flow 3,

g.

. ao p

.w 2s

1. ~

/

,e l 1, /

.u

~,

/

s

• e, 25 s

.g,,

• 4,,

1

~

[

'5 d.g

,?? g l

D s

\\.,

"f

~

.deg n

~

/

[

• IO g9 Qc,:c

• [,'

f 4S S

l I

\\,f

.,~3 L.

t i,

gd

/

j#

31 9

0 t' s g

s

27 gD

\\

g

/

M

/

• 5

,, \\

p

,p

.,, k

.. A

/~

b'.

-#,.,, m\\f... 3 6

-1,.\\

. s,,

=mn

,s

~

=

.;:.,, Q

.,, f.,.

Transm s me erSuney June 26.19 Q0 5

I

% 's 6k ah p'

'k 4

i e

,,s ic.

/

e

^ # "I

{,.,,

'\\.

h r

, A "'

\\\\

t> g, a

u.nt y

k t,

" fu'.. ~-

,,s i

af.

h s

/

Q c

V

• a o

m.

• 5 6,,

.s

• 3 g 10

,6 *,#,,

,i

~

w,65

,m

.........os...... g

u. d

l

Figure 14

.c, g Transm!ssometer Survey o.us June 27,1971

.t.i 3

• I'I

• ss '.n a.

e DQ00

. I.

Yb i

b p

"v

\\

.. r (Js a

s,

., /

A Y

\\o

,4

's,

.A )

e

-.. ~

o.s o.

.*, e.b

~ ~ ~.

Figure 15 Light Scattering July 1.1971

.6 N

a a

3 e

s BIOla0ICAL 899235.WESS 1230 3.0 Carrant Weme Teleeggies at $34 stations fal/2(f *I I 0 a 1445 = liar 3/6/71

.'!.,:;.r'a 5 - ' "' =

> :::gu'::.e:::.:.::::.:. i Figure 16 -

\\

~

~

~.Q

'b A

3 Y

s

(

,V 4

0..

x q

/<

- s

.6 g

m Figure 17 Hydraulic Model Program Ebb Tide Results July 12.1971

~N g(

76 k..

1

~

/),

.. 'n b

~\\

A 3

s

~

sI(

.. & ~ 0..

m-s

(

~

V

\\

~s

.=6 q-

..e.

m 4

' - u. ;i.

~.

Figure 18 Hydraulic Model Program Flood Tide Results July 19,1971 r3-

30 TABLE 1 DATE: May 1,1971 CONDITIONS: Clear Wind 5 knots from 205' TIDE: 1156 +1.8 1730 +2.9 TIME STATION NO.

CORRECTED DEPTH CHARACTERISTICS (TO MEAN WATER) 1415 1

-2.6 old shells (pass) 1430 2

.5 old shells (bar) 1435 3

-2.5 old shells (pass) 1440 4

-1.0 live oysters (bar) 1445 5

-3.4 old shells (pass) 1450 6

-1.9 live oysters (bar) 1500 7

-1.9 live oysters (bar) 1505 8

-3.8 shells (pass) 1530 9

-1.7 live oysters (bar) 1540 10

+2.2 live oysters (bar) 1550 11

-3.2 live oysters (bar) 1556 12

-2.2 live oysters (bar) 1600 13

.7 live oysters (bar) 1605 14

-2.2 live oysters (bar) 1610 15

.2 live oysters (bar) 1615 16

+ 1.4 live oysters (bar) 17

+1.3 live oysters (bar) 18

+1,1 live oysters (bar) 19

+1.4 live oysters (bar) 20

+ 1.2 live oysters (bar) 21

-4.2 mucky bottom, sticky & grey TABLE 2 DATE: June 12,1971 TIME: 1245 to 1720 (EDT)

TIDE: Time (EDT)

HT (FT) 1054

+2.0 1642

+3.9 SKY: Clear l

TIME (EDT)

WIND (SPD. (MPH /DIR)

AIR TEMP ('F)

HUMIDITY (%)

1300 8 10/290 83 76 1400 11/295 82 11 1500 7/300 84 69 l

1600 8/295 86 70 1700 7/300 83 76 l

v

w 31 TABLE 3 DATE: July 1,1971 TIME: 927 to 1457 (EDT)

TIDE: Time (EDT)

HT (FT) 0748

+3.3 1454

+ 1.0 2124

+2.6 SKY: Clear TIME (EDT)

WIND (SPD. (MPH /DIR)

AIR TEMP (*F)

HUMIDITY (%)

1000 0-2/260 85 66 1100 3/270 85 66 1200 5 7/265 86.

70 1300 4/265 85 69 1400 4/265 84 69 TABLE 4 DATE:

March 10,1971 Conditions:

Partly Cloudy TIDE:

1336 +2.6 Wind 13 knots 1914 +0.2 from 183 DROP TIME 1315 RHODAMINE STATION NUMBER TIME DYE IN PPS 4

1405 169.0 5

1415 227.8 6

1423 0.0 7

1430 92.6 8

1441 0.735 9

1449 10.44 10 1450 16.2 11 1453 3.97 12 1506 0.147 13 1508 3.09 14 1511 0.44 15 1513 1.03 16 1519 0.74 17 1524 1.91 18 1533 0.88 19 1537 1.32 20 1547 0.0 21 1551 0.74 22 1600 1.03 23 1607 0.0 24 1616 0.74 25 1620 0.0 26 1623 0.0 27 1627 0.74 28 1631 0.0 29 1638 0.147 30 1640 0.74

32 TABLE 5 DATE: June 13,1971 CONDITIONS:

Wind from 300' N. increasing TIDE: 0630 +3.1 from 0 m.p.h. at 1135 to 1706 +3.8 18 m.p.h. at 1440.

1208 +1.9 DROP TIME: 1135 RHODAMINE STATION NUMBERS TIME DYE IN PPM 12 1303

.873 12 1308

.7275 13 1315

.582 14 1318 4.947 15 1321

.3E2 16 1324

.582 17 1327

.582 18 1330 1.746 19 1334 3.201 20 1337 9.312 21 1339 2.4735 22 1342 13.386 23 1345 16.005 24 1348 5.529 25 1350

.7275 26 1353

.528 27 1356

.528 28 1400 2.328 29 1403

.4365 30 1406

.528 31 1410

.528 32 1413

.528 33 1416

.528 34 1419 1.3095 35 1422

.7275 36 1425

.528 37 1428

.528 38 1430

.52S 39 1432

.528 40 1435

.528 41 1438

.7275 42 1440

.528 43 1443

.528 44 1445

.528 45 1450

.873 46 1501 1.455 47 1505 1.164 48 1508

.7275 49 1512

.7275 50 1515

.7275 51 1520 1.164 52 1522 1.164 53 1525

.873 54 1527

.582 55 1530 1.3095 56 1532 1.0185

33 TAB 1.E 6 TABLE 7 Date: June 26,1971 Date: June 27,1971 Conditions: Clear skies with 7 m.p.h. wind from the Conditions: Clear skies with 5 m.p.h. wind from the south at 1410 and increasing to 16 m.p.h. at 1530.

southwest at 0855 and increasing to 18 m.p.h. at 1105.

STATION NUMBERS TIME

% TRANSMISSIVITY STATION NUMBERS TIME

% TRANSMISSIVITY 5

1423 2%

4 090'5 2%

6 1426 2%

5 0908 1%

7 1431 3%

6 091':

1%

8 1436 0%

7 0915 1%

9 1440 2%

8 0919 2%

10 1445 0%

9 0923 1.5%

11 IF9 0%

10 0926 1.5%

12 1456 0%

11 0930 1%

13 1502 2%

12 0935 1%

14 1506 2%

13 0940 E%

15 1507 2%

14 0945 0%

16 1510 2%

15 0950 1%

17 1515 5%

16 0955 0%

18 1520 2.5%

17 1000 9 04 19 1525 5%

18 1055 9%

20 1533 1 04 19 1104 3.5%

21 1538 0%

20 1110 8%

22 1545 l'A 21 1115 11 %

23 1555 1%

22 1120 11 %

24 1600 1%

23 1125 12 %

25 160's 1%

24 1130 10.5 %

26 1610 1%

25 1135 10 %

27 1615 4%

26 1140 12 %

28 1620 2%

27 1150 11 %

29 1625 4%

23 1155 10 %

30 1630 2%

29 1200 16 %

31 1638 0%

30 1205 12 %

32 1644 10 %

31 1210 9%

33 1650 8%

32 1215 11 %

34 1655 10/.

33 1220 10 %

35 1700 6 04 37 1320 120/-

36 1705 12 %

38 1325 16 %

37 1710 8%

39 1331 18 %

38 1715 8%

40 1335 18 %

4 39 1721 7%

41 1340 16 %

40 1725 3%

42 1345 20 %

41 1745 5%

43 1350 12 %

i 42 1750 5%

44 1355 6%

1 43 1755 1%

45 1400 12 %

44 1800 2%

46 1405 4%

45 1803 3%

47 1410 4cA 46 1810 1%

48 1415 4%

47 1815 1%

49 1421 2 84 48 1822 1%

50 1426 3%

40 1830 3%

51 1430 3%

50 1835 3%

52 1435 3%

51 1840 1%

53 1445 0%

52 1845 1%

53 1850 5%

54 1855 2 04 55 19C0 2 04

35 h

n#e"% Q n p" m>:

L s n 4

L,h)3 o%,A % d.

.1

36 a

i 3

00l iO YW"?

lO ?O 3

EFFECTE OF POWER PLANT bl 1

s ON MARINE AICROBIOTA CRYSTAL RIVER SITE University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering Principal Investigator Dr. Jackson L Fox l

1 Graduate Student M. S. Moyer

\\

l l

l

37 INTRODUCTION nated cooling water on the quality of the receiv-ing waters.

The Florida Power Corporation steam-electric This report covers the results of two baseline generating plant near Crystal River, Florida uses studies conducted before chlorination was ini-approximately 650,000 gallons per minute of tiated. These were necessary in order to separate Gulf of Mexico water for condenser cooling. The thermal effects from changes due to chlorine continuous passage of productive estuarine wa.

addition.

ter through the condenser tubes causes fouling of both the copper nickel and the stainless steet LITERATURE REVIEW tubes. The attached organisms, which have not been positively identified, cause two major prob-Past and present studies conducted to evaluate lems: reduction in heat transfer efficiency and the total impact of cooling water discharges from j

pittirig. Pitting effects are most apparent on the power plants have been of two main types: labo-j stainless steel tubing. Both effects have obvious ratory evaluations and field studies. Field studies and serious economic implications.

have been made to assess the effects of heat and in order to remove the fouling organisms the combined effects of heat and chlorine. The from the tubes, a technique known as "conden-following summary of research on heated efflu-ser tube shooting" has been used. Solid plugs ents will include only field work. A more extensive of various materials, such as plastic or rubber, review of the literature will be submitted as part are forced through the tubes using air pressure.

of the final report.

While this procedure is temporarily effective, the in one of the earliest studies conducted on organisms adhering tightly to the tube walls are a number of power stations in England, Markow-probably not removed and act as seed for re-ski (1959) concluded that passage through the growth. Furthermore, this procedure does little condensers of these stations, which were both to stop pitting.

coastal and freshwater, had "no detrimental ef-To successfully remove the organisms, they fect on the organisms found."

must be killed. For this reason, chlorine, a power-Warriner and Brehmer (1966), from their i

ful disinfectant, is added to the cooling water field investigations made at the Virginia Electric before it enters the condenser tubes. In most and Power Company at Yorktown, Virginia, found cases, chlorine is added as sodium hypochlorite.

that the primary production of the natural phyto-Such a system of control, combined with " con-plankton communities of the York River is en-denser shooting," has been shown to effectively hanced by the artificial increase in water temper-control the growth of marine organisms in con.

ature during the winter months. However, if the denser tubes. Such a system is presently in use temperature of the river water was above 15'C, at the Crystal River installation.

they found that a temperature rise of 5.5'C al-The toxicity of chlorine to a wide variety of ways depressed primary production significantly.

organisms is well known. The environmental im-In a study done at a power plant located at plications of large amounts of chlorine on marine Chalk Point, on the Patuxent River estuary, Mary-and freshwater ecosystems, however, is not well.

land, Morgan and Stross (1969) found that algae known. For this reason, the Florida Department passing through the cooling system of the power of Pollution Control has justifiably placed a num.

plant were inhibited by an 8'C rise if the natural ber of constraints upon the Florida Power Cor.

water was 23*C or warmer. Algae were stimu-poration's use of chlorine. The objective of this lated, however, by the same input of heat if the study is to meet two of the requirements for ambient water temperature was 16*C or cooter.

chlorination as set forth by the FDPC. These are:

Another study at Chalk Point by Hamilton et af.

(1) to measure residual chlorine in the discharge (1970) showed that the primary production of area under various ambient conditions and (2) cooling water may be reduced by as much as 91 to study the direct and indirect effects of chlori.

per cent by chlorination. They also found that

38 bacterial densities and concentrations of chloro-discha,e water from both units. Stations 3,4, phyll were reduced. In the absence of chlorina-and 5 are located at % mile intervals down the tion, they found that productivity was sometimes discharge canal. Station 5 is located adjacent stimulated. Merriman (1970) is presently par-to the boat ramp, on the frame used by the Fior-ticipating in a long term study which is designed Ida Department of Natural Resources. Station 6 to determine the biological consequences of the is located % mile to the north of the navigational heated effluent of the Connecticut Yankee light on the end of the south bank of the dis-Atomic Power Company into the Connecticut charge canal. This station was chosen as being River. After five years of study, Merriman has representative of shallow, estuarine water. Also, concluded that " industrial heating in a major the flow of heated water has been shown to river of the northeastern U.S. has so far had no travel in a northerly direction after leaving the drastic biological consequences." He also feels discharge canal.

that the levels of heating being experienced may The first baseline.udy was performed on even have beneficial long range results.

April 28,19d. Since only Unit 1 was in opera-Becauseof theoverallimportanceof temper-tion at that time, it was necessary to repeat the ature to aquatic ecology and because of the pro-study at a time when both units were in opera-jected need of electrical power by the beginning tion. The second baseline was run on June 4, of the 21st century, more long term studies are 1971. The table below shows the number of needed to predict more precisely the varied ef-

" sample runs" made during the two baseline fects of heat and chlorine on marine and fresh-studies and the total time taken to sample all water environments.

stations. A run consisted of sanipling Stations 1 through 6. In order to make more than one run MATERIALS AND METHODS in a day, some time overlap was necessary.

Sample Runs Time The majority of past workers have examined phy-April 28 A

9:00 A.M. - 12:15 P.M.

toplankton at the irifluent and at the discharge B

1:30 P.M. - 3:15 P.M.

fr. order to determine the " shock" effect of the C

4:55 P.M. - 6:40 P.M.

increased temperature upon the organisms as they pass through the condenser tubes. Unfor-June 4 A

8:25 A.M. - 11:20 P.M.

tunately, it is difficult to determine the viability B

12:30 P.M. - 5:05 P.M.

of the organisms visually. For this reason, we have included a wide variety of parameters in an Analyses were performed at three locations: (1) effort to determine, both directly and indirectly, on board the sampling vessel (2) in the trai'er-the viability of the organisms and any changes laboratory (3) in the Department of Environmen-in their metabolic rate and biomass, tal Engineering laboratories at Gainesville. In the Sampling stations were chosen in an effort following section, the collection methods and to determine the immediate effects of the addi.

analytical techniques for the parameters used tion of the chlorine on the organisms and the are described. When necessary, the purpose for changes which may occur as the organisms are choosing a parameter is also explained.

flowing down the canal.

The baseline parameters are as follows:

Figure 12 shows the sampling stations. Sta-

1. Temperature and dissolved oxygen:

tion I is in the center of the intake canal just These were measured on board the vessel using south of the cyclone screen. Station 2 is in the an instrument (YSI) equipped with an electronic center of the discharge canal and slightly west oxygen probe and a thermistor thermometer.

of the Unit I discharge. This station was chosen Temperatures were taken at a depth of I foot.

as being r?presentative of the thoroughly mixed Occasionally, deeper recordings were taken to see if wide variatior.s occurred with depth. They

1. F1gure and Tables are shown on pp. 42 through 57.

did not. Since oxygen is less soluble at higher

4 33 temperatures, measurements were made to as-5 microcuries of C 14 labeled sodium bicarbon-certain whether or not dissolved oxygen was ate to 300 ml of sea water. Two bottles were sufficient to support marine life, used: one clear and one taped to exclude sun-

2. Total bacterial populations: A 75 mi ster-light. The two bottles were filled, injected with ilized scew top test tube was used to collect C-14 and suspended on buoyed polyvinyl rods about 35 ml of water just below the water sur-at each station for approximately 3% hours.

face. A sterile glove was used to avoid contami.

During photosynthesis in the light bottle, algae nation from the hand. In the trailer laboratory, take up labeled bicarbonate. In the dark bottie, the sample was serially diluted and millipore fil-organisms other than algae may do the same.

tered. The filter was piaced on a pad soaked with Algae do not photosynthesize in the dark. After a medium consisting of Bacto gelatin, BBL phy-incubation, the bottles were returned to the tone, yeast extract, and % strength artificial sea trailer laboratory, where 50 mi from each were water.2 The composition of artificial sea water millipore filtered and placed in a dessicator.

was as follows:

Upon their return to Gainesville, the filters were Nacl - 1.2%

gamma counted on a Geiger Meuller counter and kcl - 0.035 %

the counts converted to milligrams carbon fixed MgClz 6H 2O - 0.265%

per cubic meter of water per hour. Dark bottle i

MgSO4 7H2O - 0.35%

counts were subtracted from light bottle counts The filters were returned to Gainesville, incu-to correct for non algal carbon fixation.

bated at room temperature, and counted at 48

5. Weights: One liter of surface water was and 96 hours0.00111 days <br />0.0267 hours <br />1.587302e-4 weeks <br />3.6528e-5 months <br />. Spread plates were also made collected in a plas4c bottle and returned to using the same medium described plus agar for Gainesville. There, total solids were determined solidification. Incubation times and temperature by evaporation of 50 ml and suspended solids were identical. Bacterial counts were determined by filtration of 500 ml with a Reeve Angel glass because it was felt that these organisms would fiber filter (Grade 934AH).

be among the most sensitive to chlorine addi-

6. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): ATP is an tions.

energy yielding compound present in living or-

3. Chlorophyll a: Chlorophy'l a is the green ganisms. It dissipates rapidly upon death. Since pigment common to almost all photosynthetic microscopic counts fail to accurately reflect the plants, including algae. Chlorophyll measure-state of the total " health" of the commumty, ments are used to estimate biomass and also ATP is used as both an indicator of viability and gives an indication of the relative viability of biomass. Samples of water were: collected from phytoplankton populations. For the analysis of each station and brought back to the trailer labo-chlorophyll,750 ml of sea water was collected ratory where 750 ml were filtered through a mil-in a 1 liter plastic bottle and returned to the tipore filter (pore size of 0.8 microns). The filters trailer laboratory. There, 750 ml were millipore were then immediately immersed in boiling tris-filtered. The filters were placed in a dessicator buffer for ten minutes. This procedure kills the and returned to Gainesville, where the chloro-organisms present and extracts the ATP quanti-

)

phyll was extracted with 90 per cent acetone.

tatively. The solutions were then frozen. Upon 1

Spectrophotometric readings were made at 665, returning to Gainesville. the bottles were brought 630, and 645 millimicrons. The formulae of Par-up to a volume of 10 ml with tris buffer. After sons and Strickland (1963) were used to calcu-late the amount of chlorophyll a.

2. All bacteriological media preparations are according

4. Primary productivity: This procedure to the advice of Dr. M. Tyler, Chairman of the Depart-measures the rate of photosynthesis (net and ment of Micrcbiology, University of Florida.

gross) of planktonic populations. The carbon-14

3. Total alkalinity and pH, necessary supporting pa-rameters for the determination of primary production, method of Strickland and Parsons (1960) was were also performed according to the methodology of L

used.8 Basically, this method consists of adding Strickland and Parsons (1960).

40-thorough mixing, aliquots were centrifuged to condensers, as reflected by Station 2 results bring down cell debris and the supernatant were 6.7, 5, and 6*C for runs A, B, and C. Tem-poured into a test tube.

perature changes were insignificant down the A liquid scintillation spectrometer (Packard canal (Stations 3-5). At Station 6, the tempera-Tri Carb Model 2002) was used to measure light ture approximated those recorded at Station 1 emission caused by the addition of a mixture of earlier in the day. The greatest difference be-luciferin luciferace to our unknown quantity of tween temperatures at 1 and 6 was 2.7'C during ATP. Photon emissions were converted to micro-run A.This is due to normal diurnal fluctuations, grams ATP per liter using previously prepared for Station I was sampled at 9:00 A.M. and Sta-standard curves.

tion 6 at 12:15 P.M. If one looks at run B, it can

7. Secchi Disc: The secchi disc is a flat, be seen that the intake water temperature circular piece of metal or weighted wood at-reached 27'C by 1:30 P.M., exactly the same tached to a metered line. The surface is divided temperature as recorded at Station 6 during into black and white quadrants. To read, the disc run A.

is lowered until it disappears from view. A mea-During June, the same general trends were surement is made at this point. It is then raised observed. As expected, intake water tempera-until it becomes visible. The reading made at tures were higher than in April. At 8:25 A.M.,

this point is averaged with the previous reading the water at Station 1 was 27'C and at 12:30 for a final value. Secchi disc readings give a P.M. had risen to 27.5'C. April temperatures rough estimate of turbidity.

taken at about the same time at Station 1 were

8. Phytoplankton and zooplankton: These 24.3 and 27*C. Temperature rises through the data are not yet available and will be presented condensers in June were 5.5 and 6.5'C for runs shortly as a separate report.

A and B. These figures are not significantly dif-ferent from those found in April. Again, tempera-RESULTS AND DISCUSSION tyre changes throughout the canal were insig-nificant. w,th the greatest difference between i

in order to avoid confusion, the results are pre.

Stations 2 and 5 being 1.5*C. The maximum sented in two sections. The sections and the temperature reached during June was 34.5'C subjects covered under each have been desig.

(94.1*F) at Station 5 during run B. Station 6 nated as follows:

temperatures never returned to levels recorded A. Physical at Station 1.

1. Temperature As expected, dissolved oxygen changes were

2. Dissolved Oxygen inversely proportional to temperature fluctua-

3. Total Solids tions. Values never reached dangerously low

4. Suspended Solids levels, with the minimum value recorded being

5. Secchi Disc Readings 6.3 ppm on June 4 at Station B-5. In April, B. Biological values were always higher than 7.7 ppm. Sur-

1. Primary Productivity prisingly, D.O. did not consistently drop from

2. Chlorophyll a Station 1 to 2.

3. Bacteria In most cases. the change in D.O. from Sta-

4. ATP tion 1 to 2 was slight, except during the C run on April 28. when a decrease of.8 ppm was re-PHYSICAL RESULTS corded. The turbulence caused by the force of Temperatures and dissolved oxygen values for the effluent probably causes enough re-aeration both baseline studies are shown in Figures 2 to cffset the decrease in oxygen solubility due and 3. In April (Figure 2), the temperature of the to increased temperatures.

intake water (Station 1) was 24.3,27, and 27'C The results of the weight determinations and for the three runs. Temperature rise through the the Secchi disc readings are shown in Table 1.

..rm-,,.u_

41 Total solids and suspended solids exhibited ex-Furthermore, these values remamed as low as or treme variability with no obvious trends. Further-lower than Station 2 values until the water tem-more, no correlation could be found between perature reached 32*C or lower. Apparently, these two parameters or between these parame-there were two critical temperatures influencing ters and other results. The rationale fer choosing primary production during our studies. To sum-solids determinations as parameters was based marize: If the intake temperature is 27'C, or on the supposition that dying and dead orga-above, there is a loss in primary production by nisms, killed as a result of heat shock, would a temperature increase of as little as 5'C. As settle to the bottom and thus diminish the solids long as the temperature remains above 32*C, content of the water. The occurrence of such a primary production values will continue to drop.

phenomenon is not supported by our findings.

The results of the chlorophyll a studies are The only conclusion that can be drawn from this shown in Figures 6 and 7. Increased temperature data is that heat does not radically affect either had a varying effect on the amount of chloro-the total or suspended solids. Perhaps when phyll present in the samples. This effect seemed cMorination is underway, more obvious changes to depend upon the time of day. In the morning will be found.

runs of April 28th and June 4th, Chlorophyll a During four of the five runs, a drop in Secchi decreased by 5.55 and 21.5 per cent from Sta-disc readings was noted between Stations 1 and tions 1 to 2. In all three afternoon runs, chloro-

2. Due to the subjectivity of this parameter and phyll a increased from Stations 1 to 2. There the lack of correlation between it and the solids seems to be no apparent reason for this observed results, no concrete conclusions can be drawn phenomenon. Studies designed to determine from these rather insignificant changes.

whether or not the observed changes are statis-tically significant are currently underway.

BIOLOGICAL RESULTS During four of the five runs. ATP values Baseline primary productivity values are shown (shown in Figures 8 and 9) increased from Sta-in Figures 4 and 5. As other studies iiave sug-tions 1 to 2. The exception occurred during run gested, the amount of change in the activity of B on June 4. At that time, the drop observed was photosynthetic forms due to a temperature in-slight, but continued down the canal. During crease caused by passage through condensers this sampling run, the intake temperature was is dependent upon the intake water temperature.

the highest recorded (27.5'C) and the canal Our results strengthen this hypothesis. As the temperatures were also the highest recorded for figures show, there was a decrease in produc-any run. It was during this run that the maximum tivity from Stations 1 to 2 when the intake tem-temperature of 34.5'C was measured at Sta-perature was 27'C or greater. The percentage tion 5.

decrease varied from 13.8--48.1. This occurred ATP, as measured at Station 1, showed a during four of the five sampling runs. The only definite diurnal fluctuation, with values rising instance of an increase in primary productivity as the day progressed. While ATP varied consid-from Station 1 to 2 was in the morning run on erably down the canal, most Station 5 values April 28th when the intake temperature was approximated Station 1 levels, indicating no 24.3*C. This was an 8.2 per cent increase. The long-lasting effects of heat on ATP values. Run productivity values at all remaining stations dur-C (April 28) was an exception in that ATP at ing this morning run remained higher than the Station 5 was considerably below the Station 1 intake value. At no station was a temperature value. This same phenomenon s 's also noted higher than 31.5'C recorded. The value at Sta-in the bacterial populations.

tion 5 represented a 42.7 per cent increase over The largest response due to an increase in the primary production value at Station 1.

temperature is evident in the bacteria! popuia During all other runs, primary production tions. In the following dit :ission the figures values were lower at Station 2 than at Station 1.

cited will be the results of e millimre 9ter

M 1

l 42 i

method following a 48 hour5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> incubation. This cussion of spectrophotometric determination of method was chosen because of the greater marine-plant pigments, with revised equations chance of contamination in the spread plate pro-for ascertaining chlorophylls and corotenoids.

cedure. The range of bacterial counts at the sta.

J. of Mar. Res. 21 (3), 155-171.

tions varied from 69-3100 organisms per ml.

Strickland, J.D.H., and Parsons, T.R.1960. A Figures 10 through 14 show these changes.

manual of seawater analysis. Bull. Fish. Res.

Figures 15 through 19 are the spread plate Board Com. 125,153-63.

results and are included as supplementary infor-Warriner, J.E. and Brehmer, M.L 1966. The ef.

mation. In all cases except the late afternoon fects of thermal effluents on marine organisms, run of April 28th, when bacterial populations de-Int. Jour. of Air and Water Poll. 10,277-89.

clined throughout the canal, condenser tube passage stimulated bacterial growth. The per-6 centage increases from Stations 1 to 2 varied from 45.5 to 550 per cent. The greatest increase was noted when temperature changes from Sta-tions 1 to 2 were the lowest (+5.0 and +5.5'C).

A temperature increment of 6.5'C and over did not appear to have as great a stimulatory effect.

m,u c.,,i

, c,,,,

In general, the bacterial populations experienced l

continued growth as they passed down the canal.

l

SUMMARY

The results of these two baseline studies indi-4 cate tnat micro-organisms are affected by pas-sage through the condenser tubes. There were both stimulating and inhibiting effects noted.

in general, the parameters measured at the end of the canal (Station 5) did not differ signifi-cantly from values measured at the intake canal.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Hamilton, D.H., Flemer, D.A., Keefe, C.W., and

)

Mihursky, J.A.1970. Power plants: effects of chlorination on estuarine primary production.

Sci.169.197-98.

Markowski, S.1959. The cooling water of power stations: a new factor in the environment of 1g marine and freshwater invertebrates. J. Anim.

Ecol. 28, 243-55.

Merriman, D.1970. The calefaction of a river.

2 Sci. Amer. 222(5),42-52.

k g

Morgan, R.P., and Stross, R.G.1969. Destruc-Irtcat tion of phytoplankton in the cooling water supply l'

of a steam electric station. Ches. Sci,10 (3 and 4),165-71.

=.-

Parsons T.R., and Strickland, J.D.H.1963. Dis-Figure 1. Station Locations

M 10.0..

Run A 37 10.0 -

g 9:00 A.M.12:15 P.M.

8:25 A.M.11:20 P.M.

- 37 a

9.0 -

-33

e 9.0 "

" 33 6-

^

,A 8.0 -

. -. - d '.,,,

f

(

h

-29 p

8.0 -

- 29 g

]

7

?

3' 7.0 7.0 "

25

• 2 3

-25 e

A **. 4

,,,*4 g

,o

=

6.0 21 E

6.0 21 1

2 3

4 5

6 2

3 4

5 6

Station Station

"" 8 10.0.

1:30 P.M.".3 :15 P.M.

-37 10.0 -

Run 8

- 37 g

12:30 P.M. 5:05 P.M.

J 9.0 -

,e 33 *

e. * "

9,o -

- 33,,,

=

"E 29

• g

/

8.0 8.0 -

5 f

- 29 g T

c

/

b h

}'

p' 2

7.0 -

25 r.0

-A j

- 25 n.

g a

'l 6.0 21 s

s a

a a

e 1

2 3

4 5

6 1

2 3

4 5

6 station Station Temperature Dissolved Oxygen 10.0.

Run C

.jy 4:5 5 P.M. =6 :40 P.M.

g 3

[

,, o.

's, i

/

Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Values, June 4,1971 33 f.0

• - - /

-2, E

?

2 2

7.0 -

-25 I

2 f

1 3

4' f

6' Station Temperature

...- Otasetv.4 Onys..

Figure 2 Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Values, April 28,1971 l

l-I l

44 Table 1. Baseline variations in total solids, suspended solids, and secchi disc readings.

APRIL 28,1971 JUNE 4,1971 Total Solids Suspended Solids Secchi Disc Total Solids Suspended Solids Secchi Disc Station (mg/1)

(mg/1)

(meters)

(mg/1)

(mg/1)

(meters)

A-1 22,914 4.2 1.5 25,080 10.0 1.1 A-2 23,158 6.8 1.0 25,126 13.2

.9 A-3 25,966 8.2 1.0 24,878 9.4 1.0 A-4 23,742 7.0 1.0 25,342 13.2 1.0 A-5 21,678 4.6 1.1 25.302 7.6

.9 A-6 20,842 9.6 1.0 23,404 7.6 1.2 B-1 21,460 11.0 1.0 25,130 5.4 1.5 B-2 21,554 10.8 1.0 25,160 10.2

.9 B-3 21,636 12.0 1.1 25,258 8.2

.9 B-4 22,530 12.6 1.0 25,152 10.0

.9 B-5 22,694 13.0 1.0 25,374 9.0

.9 B-6 23,422 16.6

.8 21,808 11.0 1.2 C-1 21.248

.14.0 1.3 C-2 21,400 11.8 1.1 C-3 21,982 10.2 1.0 C-4 21,814 12.0 1.0 C-5 21,616 16.0 1.0 C-6 20,484 10.2 1.0 l

l l

l l

l l

45 Aun A Rua A 9:00 4.M.12:15 P.M.

40 -

8:25 A.M.-11:20 P.M.

30 30 -

k

.?"

- =?

E E

20 I 20 "

la 10 d

3 4

5 6

1 2

3 4

5 6

Station Statten kun a aun a 1:30 P.M. -3:15 P.M.

12:50 P.M.-5:05 P.M.

.0 40 -

52.5 i

\\

l s'

30 -

\\

38 vn' e

b b

i :0 -

F 20 -

to 10 1

2 3

4 5

6 1

2 3

k 5

6 scat ten statt.

Figure 5. Primary Productivity Values, June 4,1971 i

40 -

Run c 4:55 P.M. 6:40 P.M.

30 -

=

1 a4u f

20 -

4 to 1

2 3

4 5

6 Statten Figure 4. Primary Productivity Values, April 28,1971 1

+

Run A 60

6. 0 -

8:25 P.M.11:20 P.M.

9:00 A.M.12:15 P.M.

5.0 e&

5.0 -

• n

~

.g-

4.0 -

I 3.0 3.0 -

/

2.0 2.0 1

2 3

4 5

6 1

2 3

4 5

6 station

• tation E** I Run 3 1:30 P.M.*3:15 P.M.

12:30 P.M. 5:05 P.M.

6.0 -

6.0 5.0 -

5.0 e

n 4

• 4.0 -

4.0 i

F 3.0 -

I 3.0 2.0 2.0 1

2 3

4 5

6 1

2 3

4 5

6 S tation S tation Figure 7. Chlorophyll a Values, June 4,1971 6.0 -

Run C 4:55 P.M.-6:40 P.M.

5.0 "

t*

4.0.

i F

s.0 -

2.0 1

2 3

4 5

6 station Figure 6. Chlorophyll a Values, April 28,1971 n

e vs M

47 3.0 -

Rua A 3.0 Rua A 9:00 A.M.12:15 F.M.

8:25 A.M.-11:20 P.M.

C O

$ g.0 I.

2.0 -

8 g

1 1.0

=

1.0 "

0.0 00 1

2 3

4 5

6 1

2 3

4 5

6 Station Station 3.0 -

1:30 P.M.-3:13 P.M.

12:30 P.M.-5:05 P.M.

Run 8 3.0 -

Run 3 C

C 1

1.

2.0 -

2.0 E

E 5

3

=

5 10 -

f 1.0 -

0.0 0.0 i

1 2

3 4

5 6

1 2

3 4

5 6

Station Station Figure 9. ATP Values, June 4,1971 Run C 3,3,

4:55 P.M. 4:40 P.M.

T.

S.

I

2. 0 -

i.

1. 0 -

=

l i

00 I

l 1

2 3

4 5

6' j

Statton

]

Figure S. nTP Values, AprH 28,1971 l

1 1

l vv-

,, ms, on-

700o 10C0 -

/* %

• m,

/

3 e.----*

4 N

g

%,/

100

=

48 nout INCUBATION M HOUR INCUBATION to a

s I

3 4

5 6

STAY 10N Figure 10. Total Bacterial Counts. Millipore Filter Method. April 28,1971.9:00 A.M.

49 sooo.

10cJ o g 's l

~,..

~

1

/

/

/

\\

J

/

\\

\\

4

/

h

/

8

/

1

/

I 100

=

44 MOUR tucua4Ttcis M NOUR INCUSATIOtt to t

2 3

4 5

6 station Figure 11. Total Bacterial Counts. Millipore F6lter Method. April 28,1971.1:00 P.M.

l l

l

N nua.

j==""

e 3

Iw e

100

=

48 HOUR INCUBATION 96 HOUR INCUBATION to 1

2 3

4 5

6 STATION Figure 12. Total Bacterlat Counts. Millipore Filter Method. April 28,1971. 5:00 P.M.

m-

' - - ~

51 700o I

1 i

toco.

~, _ _ ~. _ _

5

/ -

1

/

/

/

/

too -

1 I

as wxim IncuaAT!oN M 10tJR INCUBAT!oN l

l i

)

to 1

1

=

j 1

2 3

4 3

STATION Figure 13. Total Bacterial Counts. Millipore Filter Method. Jurie 4,1971. 8:25 A.M.

l

52 l

tune 2000 l

5

, #,a u

g#

g

/

%s y.

/

100 a

48 ER thCUMTIon M nt INCUMTION I

l to 1

2 3

4 5

6 sTanom Figure 14. Total Bacterial Counts. Millipore Filter Method. June 4,1971.12:30 P.M.

l l

I 1

l

-m.

53 7000.

,o**"*****%

/

/

\\

/

0 p#,A 1000 g

g

/

V"

/

/

/

/

e i

.0.

4 NOUR INCUBATIcet M HOUR INCUBAT!ON 10 t

2 3

4 5

6 stAn e Figure 15. Total cacterial Counts. Spread Plate Method. April 28,1971. 9:00 A.M.

N d

7000.

/%

,$ g%,

p r......

l

/

1000 8

/

/

%l t

i

/

/

/

I i

1 100 a

44 NOUR INCU M TION

% MOUR INCUMTION to 1

2 3

4 5

6 STATION Figure 16. Total Bacterial Counts. Spread Plate Method. April 28,1971.1:00 P.M.

55 loco.

. -e " #, e # ' %, ' '*

g g

\\

\\

\\

' coo.

Y Iu 100

)

l 64 HOUR INCUBATION 96 HOUR INCUBATION o

I I

5 6'

3 STATION Figure 17. Total Bacterial Counts. Spread Plate Method. April 28,1971. 5:00 P.M.

I 1

i

. ~,

.m

~.,, - -

56 rooo

?

/ %

tooo.

f \\

p S

\\

\\

/

p

/

\\

\\

/

f f

/

\\

/

y

/

\\

/

g f

/

\\/

g s

i k

i o

e too =

44 HOUR INCUMT!ou M HOUR INCU MT1oM to 1

2 3

4 5

6

/ TAT!oM Figure 18. Total Bacterial Counts. Spread Plate Method. Jur,e 4,1971. 8:25 A.M.

I l

l

57 10o0 p# %

/

a*

g g

1000 e#

• • ==.

1 i

i l

i 1

J4 l

y I

g i

l i

e 100

• 48 HOUR INCUMTION 96 HOUR INCUMTION 10 e

s 1

2 3

4 5

6' STATION ypre 19. Total Bacterial Counts. Spread Plate Method. June 4,1971.12:30 P.M.

59 l 's

,Ed,,D,,'

O

! O, !

i

60 GEWonmeimal 1

SURVEILLANCE FOR RAD'OACTIVITY IN THE VICINITY OF THE CRYSTAL RIVER NUCLEAR POWER PLANT:

AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering Principal Investigator Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Co Ina'.b./. ors Dr.Vlillian 2.Carr Dr. Richard W. Englehart Dr. Jackson L Fox Dr. John F. Gamble Dr. Charles E. Roessler Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker Graduate Assistants Clay A. Adams Francis S. Echols Allan H. Horton Boyd B. Welsch Student Assistants Bruce E. Holmes Effie Galbraith Roger King Buford C. Pruitt

& P. e -

,in=

61 PROGRESS REPORT 4 dosimeters were encased in a lucite, build up casket and suspended 3 feet above ground. Ex-Marine and Marshland Sampling posures will be for a period of one month. The Sampling areas were the same as those estab.

reader system will be a Harshaw 2000 TLD sys-lished and shown in the Environmental Status tem with a high sensitivity photomultiplier tube Report: January, February, March,1971. The and stainless steel planchets flushed with dry data for these collections are given in Table 1.*

nitrogen.

Refer to the section " Gamma Analysis of Sam-pies from Marine Reconnaissance Tr,os" in the Fifteen sampling sites have been established.

January-March,1971 Environmental Status Re-Figure 3 (page 56) in the Environmental Status port for a detailed description of the format and Report: January-March,1971, illustrates their 1

symbols, deployment in the area of the power plant site.

The first set of data is listed in Table 4 herein, inver. tory of Marine Fishes and covers the period February 23,1971 through A literature search has been made and a tenta.

March 23,1971.

tive checklist compiled of marine fishes thought The data from all sites, except number 10, to be found in the area from Cedar Key to Crystal range between 4 0 mR and 114 mR, normalized River. The list will be updated as more informa.

to a 30-day period. This corresponds to a yearly tion becomes available.

range of from 48 to 136 mR and compares favor-ably with levels that might be expected at sea Marshland and Terrestrial Sampling level.

Table 4 (Status Table of Marshland and Terres.

Site number 10 is located at the northeast trial Sampling) previcusly published in the Jan.

corner of the Crystal River Units 1 and 2 trans-j uary March,1971 Environmental Status Report mission line switching yarc' (north side of the lists 49 samples,15 of which had been sub.

discharge canal). This dosir1eter has recorded mitted for gamma scans. Table 2 of this report radiation levels some two to six times higher than summarizes these 15 analyses. The results as the other dosimeters. Investigations are under-presented are preliminary, since the laboratory way to determine if this reading is valid and if routine had not been systemized at the time of there is some material present causing this receipt of the samples. The raw data has been phenomena.

)

received and updated for resubmission to the computer. The six radionuclides in the prelimi.

Tritium Network nary matrix were #K, 2:sRa, 2s2Th,137Co, S5Zr, Subsequent to the publishing of first quarter and 106Ru.

progress in the January-March,1971, Environ-mental Status Report, a letter was received from Freshwater Sampling the Analytical Quality Control Service, Environ-i During the winter quarter 1970-71, the sam.

mental Protection Agency, Winchester, Massa-i pling network was expanded to include the Crys.

chusetts, which pointed out an error in the activ-tal River and the Withlacoochee River. (See ity of the tritium standard received from that Environmental Status Report, January-March, service. The corrected values for the tritium con-1971 ) The results presented in Table 3, herein, centrations in samples taken October 13,1970 como,4,e samples taken during the initial recon.

and reported in Table 6 of the previous quarterly naissance trip and the first sampling expedition, report are presented in Table 5 herein. The letter also noted the latest estimate for the half life of Thermoluminescent Dosimetry tritium as 12262 years rather than the earlier TLD 100, (%" x %" x,0.035") high sensitivity, 12 24 years.

LiF dosimeters have been used to monitor the gamma air dose in the area. At each location.

• Tables are shown on pp. 62 through 68.

i

62 TABLE 1. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF MARINE SAMPLES, WINTER QUARTER 1970-71 (Table continues through page 65)

Lab.

Date Size K(K40) Ra-226 Th-232 Cs 137 Others Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCl/kg pCl/kg pCl/kg pCl/kg Comments 277L 12/600 Area A-Offshore Water 3.59 0.23 z K40 only radionuclide 0.14 identifiable 278L 12/6n0 Area B -Offshore Water 3.45 0.44 m K40 only radionuclide 0.14 identifiable 280L 12/6B0 Area C-Offshore Water 3.46 0.21m K40 only radionuclide 3.14 identifiable 282L 12/6n0 Area A-Offshore Sediment 3.78 0.24 z 56002 62 2 Zr 95 Dry weight basis 0.20 370 26 16z 4

Ru 106 320 2 70 Ce144 560 180 Mn-54 14 2 12 311A 12/15/70 Area B-Offshore Sediment 3.18 1.07m 5300m 155z 37z Zr 95 Dry weight basis; 44%

0.23 410 32 34 39 moisture 5

Ru 106 5702 86 1131 36 2 26 Co-144 920m 210 310A 12/15/70 Area C-Offshore Sediment 3.65 0.58 2 2700 2 1002 42 2 Zr-95 Dry weight bask; 39%

0.18 310 25 26 27m moisture 4

Ru 106 360 2 67 l131 52 2 20 Ce 144 11002 160 316A 12/15/70 Area A-Offshore Plankton 43 2 470r Zn 65 Dry weight basis; 99%

35 46L 99 2 rnoisture 86 285L 12/6n0 Area A-Offshore Algae 0.238 35 2 650 2 Dry weight basis 2.6 320 302L 12/16/70 Area B -Offshore Algae 0.248 17 2 800 2 1131 Dry weight basis; 83%

2.1 240 350 moisture; Ce 144 quan-190 tity questionable Ce-144 37002 1500 286L 12/600 Aree 0-Offshore Ngae 0.230 44 2 8600 2 8702 330 2 Zr-95 Dry weight basis 2.9 3900 340 320

'Mz

'?

{

-. ~ -

s,_

63 Lab.

Date Size K(K 40) Ra.226 Th 232 Cs-137 Others Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCij kg pCi/kg pCl/kg pC1/kg Comments 312A 12/15/70 koa A-Offshore Grass 0.154 25 2 Dry weight basis; 86%

3.6 moisture 306L 12/15n" hea B-Offshore Grass Dry weight basis; 72%

moisture; output missing 287L 12/6n0 koa C-Offshore Grass 0.087 18 * ?2.000m 12002 Day weight basis 6.0 10,000 780 290L 12/6R0 Area A-Offshore Oysters, total 2.21 1600 2 Note ebeence of potassium sample 450 307A 12/15n0 Area B-OffsW Oysters, total 2.05 0.45 2 6702 41 2 sample 0.24 410 34 289L 12/6/70 Arv a C-Offshore Oysters, total 2.28 0.51 2 63 2 39 sample 0.22 31 29 295L 12/6no boa A-Offshore Crabs 1.02 1.82 2400 140s 0.53 850 71 304L 12/6n0 Area B -Offshore Crabs - 5 (6")

1.05 2.42 19n02 0.53 860 315A 12/15#0 Area C-Offshore 6tue Crabs,large 1.58 1.32 13002 91 2 51 2 1131 sample 0.35 570 47 45 46z 35 Zn.65 1002 60 293L 12/600 koa A-Offshore Pinfish-3 0.529 4.02 230 2 1.0 140 296L 12.*600 Area B -Offshore Pinfish 1.80 2.52 14002 0.32 480 317A 12/15/70 koa C-Offshore Pinfish 1.08 3.22 78 Zn-65 0.51 61 113 83 321A 12/15R0 kes A-Offshore Mullet 1.48 2.72 790 2 190s 73 2 Zr-95 0.39 600 52 48 13 2 8

319A 12/15R0 Area B-Offshore Mullet 1.02 2.92 1100 90 2 0.53 850 70 320A 12/15n0 Area A-Offshore Mullet 1.68 2.52 180 2 4

033 40 322A

1. 0 Area A-Offshore Spotted Seatrout 0.94 3.72 K40 only radionuclide 0.56 Ideniidable 303L 12/6BO Area B -Offshore Spotted Seatrout-1.10 4.02 1300 3 (6*-17')

0.52 800 335B 1/30n1 koa C-Offshore Spotted Sestrout 0.293 4.9 3700 2 1.7 2800 298L 12/600 Area B -Offshore Redfish - 1 1.08 3.0

• 96 2 0.51 62 327A 1/8nt Area B-Offshore Redfish 0.401 5.12 6800 2 1.3 2100

64 Lab.

Date Size K(K-40) Ra.226 Th-232 Cs.137 Others Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg PCi/kg pCi/kg Comments 328A 1/2/71 Area B-Offshore Redfish 0.493 2.92 22.000m 1.2 2200 297L 12/6/70 koa B -Offshore Croaker-4 0.640 2.92 1700m 0.83 1300 325A 1/2n1 Area B -Offshore Croaker 1.09 3.32 59 2 0.49 58 294L 12/6n0 koa B -Offshore Pigfish 3.17 1.32 3902 0.18 260 324A 1/2/71 Area B -Offshore Silver Perch 2.69 0.80 2 320s 0.19 300 334B 1/30n1 koa C-Offshore Silver Perch 2.08 2.82 38 2 0.28 32 323A 1/18H1 koa B -Offshore Spot 1.59 2.8 14002 91 2 Zn-65 0.37 570 45 63 2 61 333A 1/23/71 koa B-Offshore Sand Seatrout 0.753 3.52 1900 2 0.71 1100 336B 1/30n1 Area C-Offshore Sand Sestrout 0.135 Computer error 330A 1/18n1 koa A-Offshore Black Sea Bass 0.396 3.62 180 2 1.3 160 332A 1/18n1 Area B -Offshore Whitings 1.15 3.7m 110 2 1-131 0.48 56 57 2 43 275L 12/6n0 koa A-Marshland Water 3.51 0.30 2 K.40 only radionuclide 0.14 identifiable 276L 12/6n0 Area B - Marshland Water 3.45 0.17 2 3402 0.14 230 280L 12/6n0 Area C-Offshore Water 3.46 0.21 2 K-40 only radionuclide 0.14 identifiable 283L 12/6n0 Area A-Marshland Sediment 3.3S 0.67 2 2800 2 1302 30m Zr-95 Dry weight basis O.20 340 27 28 23 2 4

Ru 106 360 2 74 t

1131 41 2 21 Co.144 890 2 170 Mn 54 24 13 281L 12/6n0 Area B - Marshland Se# nent 4.94 0.45

• 2300 2 1402 Ru.106 Dry wei(* tasis 0.14 240 20 190 2 52 I131 26 2 15 Co 144 8002 120

65 Lab.

Date Size F4K 40) Ra 226 Th 232 Cs 137 Others Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Comments 284L 12/6/70 kes C-Marshland Sediment 1.17 3.4 m 10.000 m 550m 280s Zr 95 Dry weight basis 0.60 1000 84 86 41 2 13 Ru.106 7102 220 1-131 75 2 65 Co.144 660 2 520 291L 12/6#0 Area A-Marshland Oysters, total 2.18 4300 2 Note absence of potassium sample 510 292L 12/6/70 koa B-Marshland Oysters, total 2.14 0.17 830 38 11 Net count recorded; no sample statistical comparison by computer 288L 12/6/70 Area C - Marshland Oysters, total 1.41 4900*

90 2 84 2 Note absence of potassium sample 730 54 57 299L 12/6R0 Area C-Marshlan j Meat only of 0.194 8600m Zn-65 Configuration error; results oysters from 4400 1200 2 questionable in quantity sample 288L 460 300L 12/600 koa C-Marshland Shells only of 0.958 0.75 2 2200 2 150s 1202 oysters from 0.56 970 75 76 sample 288L 314A 12/15B0 Area A-Marshland Blue Crabs 1.34 2.12 2700 1702 0.44 710 59 301L 12/6#0 Area B - Marshland Blue Crabs 1.23 2.42 8402 180 2 s

0.46 730 60 309A 12/15R0 koa C-Marshland Blue Crabs 0.391 5.82 K 40 only radionucIlde 1.4 identifiable 305L 12/6/70 koa B - Marshland Mullet 0.548 2.32 1700 2 0.95 1600 318A 12/1500 Area B - Marshland Killifish 0.345 3.6 z K40 only radionuclide 1.5 Identifiable 323A 12/1500 Area A-Marshland Menidia -

Computer error Silversides 313A 12/15B0 Area B - Marshland Menidia -

0.249 5.12 Ru-106 Ru-106 quantity Silversides 2.0 23002 questionable 720 308A 12/15#0 Area B - Marshland Spotfish 0.517 4.32 1502 0.99 130 326A 1/2B1 kes A-Marshland Ladyfish Weight.ost 331A 1/18B1 Area A-Marshland Drumfish 0.403 4.2 220 2 Zn-65 1.3 160 2202 210

66 TABLE 2. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL SAMPLES FALL AND WINTER 1970-71 Lab.

Date Size K(K-40s Re 2?6 Th-232 Cs.137 Others Comments Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/'-g pCi/kg pCl/kg pCi/kg 5098 1/10/71 5 male radius of 5 female Hooded 2.57 2.92 4002 94 2 6 nuclide matrix plant site Mergansers, ducks 0.24 320 29 5108 1/10/71 5 mile radius of Red Breasted Duck.

3.49 2.32 6 nuclide matrix plant site Mergansers 0.18 511B 12/17/70 5 mile radius of Basking Shark 0.700 11m 2000 6 nuclide matrix plant site 0.87 1100 5128 12/17/70 5 mile radius of juncus (no. 507A, dried) 0.290 4.42 70002 3802 Ru-106 6 nuclide matrix plant site 1.8 3000 240 6502 650 513B 1/19/71 5 mile radius cf Spartina (no. 506A. dried) 0.271 Computer error plant site 5148 2/7/71 5 mile radius of Armadillo 3.73 1.8 m 6902 4302 6 nuclide matrix plant site 0.17 230 24 500K 11/9/70 5 mile radius of Spartina, snails 3.03 0.79 2 560*

28z Zr 95 plant site 0.18 280 24 82 4

Ru.106 130 2 60 1 131 21 2 17 501K 11/6/70 5 mile radius of Pokeberries Data missing plant site 502K 11/6/70 5 mile radius of crawfish 0.188 Configuration error in plant site computer 503L 12/15/70 5 mile radius of Salt water mussels.

1.35 Configuration error in plant site meat only computer 504L 12/19/70 Negro Island Sabal Palm Berries 1.934 10 2 9002 120 2 Zn-65 0.41 440 38 67 2 56 505A 12/19/70 Negro Island Raccoon Scat 2.18 2.82 46002 1502 Zr-95 0.32 490 40 18 2 6

Ru 106 1402 100 506A 12/19/70 5 mile radius of Spartina 0.685 1700m 120 2 Zr-95 Note absence of potassiur plant site 1200 97 41 2 16 507A 12/19/70 5 mile radius of Jonces, Black Rush 0.721 32002 1202 1602 Zr.95 Note absence of potassiur plant site 1200 98 96 31 2 15 5088 1/19/71 5 mile radius of PrickW Pear Cactus 3.54 1.72 310t 47 2 plant site 0.16 230 19

-.,m.-=>g e

--ww*

67 TABLE 3. GAMMA ANALYSIS OF FRESHWATER SAMPLES, WINTER QUARTER 1070-71 Lab.

Date Size K(K.40)

Ra.226 Th-232 Cs.137 Others Number Collected Location Description (kg) (g/kg) pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg pCi/kg Comments 010B 2/20/71 Withlacoochee Water 3.%7 260 2 Rrver at 3.24 210 Yankeetown 0098 2/20/71 Withlacocchee Sediment 1.34 14.000 2 520z 8102 Zr 95 River at 990 76 86 28 2 Yankeetown 12 Ru 106 6302 200 1131 71 2 63 017B 2/20#1 Withlacoochee Centrarchids 3.28 0.20 2 2702 27 2 River at 0.15 240 19 Yankeetown 0188 2/20#1 Withlacoochee Algae - Mougeotia 0.t ?6 8.82 12.000 2 2700 2 Zr.95 Dry weight basis: 96%

Riwr at 3.5 5S00 500 9002 moisture Yankeetown 90 008L 12/17B0 Crystal River, Water 3.51 No radionuclide Marker 25 identifiable 006L 12/17B0 Crystal River, Sediment 2.20 0.92 2 53002 3002 73 2 Zr.95 Dry weight basis Marker 25 0.31 550 45 45 25 2 6.4 Ru.106 190 2 110 001L 12/17B0 Crystal River, Benthic algae 0.365 8.52 5000 2 Zr 95 Dry weight basis Marker 25 1.6 2500 40 2 30 003L 12/17B0 CrystalRinr, Weeds 0.096 84 2 28.000 2 10002 Zr.95 Dry weight basis; 93.5%

Marker 25 6.9 10.000 810 1802 moisture 130 016B 2/20/71 Crystal River, Blue Crabs 3.72 0.46z 530 2 42 2 Marker 25 0.14 230 19 007L 12/17/70 Crystal River.

Water 3.63 2802 Christmas Island 220 005L 12/17/70 Crystal River, Sediment 2.49 0.37 2 580 2 67 2 Dry weight basis Christmas Island 0.22 480 30 002L 12/17/70 Crystal River.

Eichornia -water 0.085 18 2 57.000 2 1100z Dry weight basis: 93.5%

Christmas Island hyacinth 6.9 12,000 930 moisture 004L 12/17/70 Crystal River.

Hydrilla 0.063 36 13002 Dry weight basis; 94%

Christmas istand 8.7 1100 moisture 0118 2/20/71 Crystal River, Killifish 3.52 1.62 11002 Main Boil 0.17 260 0128 2/20/71 Crystal Rinr, Blue Crabs 1.53 1.52 4100 2 160m Main Boil 0.38 640 52 0138 2/20 / 71 Crystal River, Centrarchid, fresh 3.34 0.40 2 2502 Main Boil water 0.15 240 0148 2 /20 / 71 Crystal River, Freshwater Bass 3.39 0.38 370z

' Main Boil 0.15 240 0158 2/20/71 Crystal River, Freshweter 3.34 1.17 2 1200 32 2

- Main Bell Needlefish 0.17 270 21 e

TTv-w w-

--V

68 TABLE 4 THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY FEBRUARY 23, 1971 TO MARCH 23, 1971 Station Mean 2 Standard Normalized Dose Number Dose, mR Deviations n;R/30 Days 1

8.6

• 1.8 9.2 2

5.7 21.3 6.1 3

10.6 0.4 11.4 4

5.7

• 1.4 6.1 5

5.6 21.1 6.0 6

7.3

• 1.6 7.9 7

6.9

• 0.5 7.4 8

6.5

• 1.1 7.0 9

6.1 2.6 6.6 10 24.7

• 2.4 26.5 4

11 3.7

• 2.1 4.0 l

12 5.8

• 1.6

• 6.2 13 4.9 22.0 5.3 14 4.3 0.5 4.6 15 6.8

• 2.8 7.3 TABLE 5 CORRECTED RESULTS OF THE TRITIUM NETWORK SAMPLING OCTOBER 13, 1970 Site No.

Tritium Concentration pCl/ml 1

0.84 2

1.55 3

0.72 4

1.61 5

0.16 i

6 0.30 7

0.60 8

0.33 9

void 10 0.88 l

l

69 V

Ib k

1

70 ya lO Y.0.= O 0

+ VT

{#O

[ b lU / d d L.]lj V:!b SURVEILLANCE OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITE OF THE F! ORIDA POWER CORPORATION, CRYSTAL RIVER SITE STATE OF FLORIDA Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Emmett hoberts, Secretary Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Dr. Chester L. Navfield, Administrator Radiological and Occupational Health Section Staff Wallace B. Johnson Benjamin P. Prewitt Jerry C. Eakins Robert G. Orth Paul E. Shuler M. Melinda Geda Lois F. Godwin

71 This report covers the period April 1-June 30, A review of data for 1969,1970 and 19711s 1971. During this period the following samples included in Table 3, on the following page. A were collected:

plot of 'he data relating to gross beta activity Number of Number of in vegetation is included as Figure 1. A prelimi-Vector Sites Sampled Samples nary analysis of the data indicates that a well established seasonal trend is seen in gross beta y

activity in vegetation with an annual peak level Food Crop 0

0 Siit 5

5 being reached in June or July. Analysis of potas-Milk 0

0 Sium 40 in yegetation does not show a similar Biota 6

6 trend. We will continue to investigate the levels Seawater 5

5 of cesium 137 and other radionuclides, when Su c

4 nsWjter present, to determine which portion of this total TLD 5

15 activity is responsible for this seasonal trend.

Air Particulates 5

29 It is important that this apparent trend be well documented, since increasing levels of gross TOTAL 100 beta activity over the first half of the year might Recapitulation of data relating to vegetation is well be interpreted as resulting from operation included herewith as Table 1 and Table 2.

of the nuclear unit following start up.

TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF MONTHLY M".ANS ALL STATIONS FOR VARIOUS RADIONUCLIDES pCl/kg Wet Weight Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May June Gross Beta 4435 5250 4672 6479 6350 6521 Gross Alpha 474 561 525 917 903 794 Cesium 137 649 404 374 708 1504 1138 Potasslurn 40 4133 4750 3850 4960 4740 3820 Zirconium 95 136 232 268 718 602 661 TABLE 2 COMPARISON OF QUARTERLY MEANS OF INDIVIDUAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS 1st Quarter and 2nd Quarter-1971 Sampling Gross Beta Gross Alpha Cesium 137 Location Qtr.1 Qtr.2 Qtr.1 Qtr.2 Qtr.1 Qtr.2 Col 4305 6194 455 769 126 347 CO2 4394 6368 659 949 70 2900 CO3 4642 6423 552 847 306 440 C04 4953 5884 360 853 1873 613 C05 4048 4848 489 728 1500 1533 C06 4618 7826 420 1269 340 4540 C08 5132 6228 564 690 85 127 C09 5211 7560 553 950 75 123 C11 4868 6375 559 877 143 473 C12 5688 6795 675 783 96 237 GRAND MEAN 4786 6450 529 871 461 1133

72 1

TABLE 3 COMPARISON OF MONTHLY MEANS OF ALL SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOf< CERTAIN RADIONUCLIDES Gross Beta Cesium 137 Potassium 40 pCl/g Ash pCl/kg Wet Weight pCl/kg Wet Weight Month 1969 1970 1971 1970 1971 1970 1971 January 184 157 342 649 4730 4133 February 184 198 368 404 5070 4750 March 169 169 220 374 4070 3850 April 196 217 190 708 4552 4960 May 178 207 233 277 1504 5390 4740 June 211 227 244 367 1188 5180 3820 I

July 224 209 411 4740 August 198 112 707 5637 September 195 119 735 5587 October 172 115 771 4611 November 182 120 835 4760 December 178 123 940 4830 l

l l

PM*

W

73 250

• *,..<'g/g,

)..*

/

K

~

2=

e ek

%,,p*== se

,.o 150 0

P Nh

<=

e,.e De e e o.**,,....

DC mg v>

100 5

50 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Figur.1 Comparison of monthly means of all Sampling Locations for Gross Beta Activity in Vegetation

74

?

?

~

l 1

i l

i

'N

_/

AOs(

DUNNELLON L

h)

', s = = ~~... f L

C03 lNGUS y A m-w, f

YA J E OWN 7

s UNNELLON C01 6 iNGLIS DA brLORIDA POWER CORP. t,

^

C05 e 98 I,

4, l

PLANT

/m '.

5 HOLDER g-SITE j

C23 C13

< l 19 CRYSTAL C21 LOe RivtR l

eC26 e

/

BEVERLY LAKE GULF OF 8

HILLS TSAl A APOPK D h

,U j

N MEXICO 11 0 1

o g e 20 <'

4 4

1. C2 s

LECANTO CRYSTAL H0 Tid $ASSA~',,,'O CJ2 C24e q

CITRUS l-l

~

(49I) h

-r_ N N

m

- - - \\qg V!L y

/ --1 FLORIDA DIVISION OF HEALTH RADIOLOGICAL SAMPLING SITES-CRYSTAL RIVER

75 GAMMA 8ACKGROUND VEGETATION - GROSS ALPHA - pCl/kg Wet Weight THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETER CaF: M n.

Sampling Location Apr.14 May 10 June 9 Mean Sampling 5-12-71 6-10-71 7-14-71 Location m rem /hr m rem /hr m rem /hr Mean Col 589 943 774 769 CO2 1089 964 793 949 C04

.027

.022

.020

.023 C03 947 651 944 847 C07

.020

.025

.020

.022 C04 898 894 766 853 C08

.020

.031

.020

.024 C05 1039 681 464 728 C18

.024

.019

.023

.022 C06 1031 1573 1195 1269 C26

.036

.025

.035

.032 C08 788 643 640 650 C09 1087 825 939 950 MEAN

.025

.024

.024 C11 671 1113 847 877 C12 1024 741 583 783 MEAN 917 903 794 PARTICULATES IN AIR (Sampling Period in Hours) ND se < 1 pCi/m3 Sampling VEGETATION - POTASSIUM 40 pCl/kg Wet Weight Location 4-14-71 4-29-71 5-10-71 Sampling C04 ND(576)

ND(354)

ND(263)

Location Apr.14 May 10 June 9 Mean C07 ND(572)

ND(359)

ND(266)

CO8 ND(573)

ND(286)

C01 4800 4600 3700 4367 C18 ND(578)

ND(356)

ND(262)

CO2 6200 3100 3200 4167 C26 ND(571)

ND(359)

ND(290)

CO3 8300 4900 2300 5167 C04 3200 5700 2900 3933 5-25-71 6-9-71 6-22-71 C05 2200 2500 2800 2500 C06 4900 2700 1800 3133 C04 ND(358)

ND(357)

ND(310)

C08 6500 5700 E000 6067 C07 ND(357)

ND(316)

ND(360)

C09 7200 6500 4000 5900 C08 ND(338)

ND(699)

ND(304)

C11 1100 6800 5600 4500 C18 ND(358)

ND(359)

ND(318)

C12 5200 4900 5900 5333 C26 ND(332)

ND(359)

ND(320)

MEAN 4960 4740 3820 VEGETATION - GROSS 8 ETA - pCl/kg Wet Weight VEGETATION - CESIUM 137 - pCl/kg Wet Weight Sampling Sampling Location Apr.14 May 10 June 9 Mean Location April May June Mean C01 6195 6752 5635 6194 C01 490 210 340 347 CO2 7511 5646 5947 6368 CO2 1700 4100 2900 2900 C03 7721 4921 6626 6423 CO3 330 260 730 440 C04 5482 6545 5624 5884 C04 440 730 670 613 C05 5425 4320 4798 4848 C05 2100 1200

300 1533 C06 7530 9215 6733 7826 C06 320 8000 5300 4540 COS 6517 5656 6510 6228 C08 150 90 140 127 C09 8071 6556 8054 7560 C09 90 80 200 123 C11 3346 7632 8147 6375 C11 1200 100 120 473 C12 6995 6257 7132 6795 C12 260 270 180 237 MEAN 6479 6350 6521 MEAN 703 1504 1188

76 VEGETATION - ZlRCONIUM 95 - pCl/kg Wet Weight CERIUM 144 Sampling Sampling Location April May June Mean Location Apnl May June C01 750 940 720 803 Col 400 CO2 760 560 680 667 C09 690 CO3 300 280 900 493 C13 340 C04 840 520 700 687 C14 290' C05 740 580 560 627 C06 970 960 960 963

' Zirconium 95 160 pCi/kg C08 400 240 310 317 Gross Alpha 7534 pCl/kg C09 860 420 810 697 C11 740 860 610 737 C12 820 660 360 613 MEAN 718 602 661 MARINE BIOTA - OYSTERS pC1/kg Wet Weight Gross Beta Sampling Location April May June VEGETATION-RUTHENIUM 106-pCl/kg Wet Weight C20 1486 Sampling Gross Alpha Location April May June Mean C20 109 C01 760 610 400 Potassium 40 CO2 ND ND ND C20 1100 CO3 ND ND ND C04 5t:0' ND 340 C05 630 ND ND C06 520 "

ND ND C08 320 ND ND C09 530 ND NDt MARINE BIOTA - BLUE CRAB - pCl/kg Wet Weight C11 320 400 ND C12 650* "

350 ND Gross Beta Sampling MEANT 536 453 370 Location April May June

• Cerfum 144 760 pCi/kg wet weight C09 4134

" Cerium 1A4 880 pCl/kg wet weight C12 3563

"' Cerium 144 640 pCl/kg wet weight C21 2798 tCetlum 144 380 pCl/kg wet weight tof detectable observations only Gross Alpha C09 ND C12 3158 C21 1137 Potassium 40 SILT-pCI/kg C09 2200 C12 1200 Gross beta, gross alpha, and other radionuclides ana-C21 1700 j

lyzed were nondetectable for all sampling locations except for those shown.

l I

y'..

~

_N

77 MARINE BIOTA - MULLET PCl/kg Wet Weight SEA WATER Gross Beta Gross Beta pCl/l Sampling Location April May June Location April May June C08 51 C08 3074 C09 108 C11 287 Gross Alpha C13 329 C08 804 C14 284 Poteesium 40 Gross Alpha pCi/1 C08 2000 C08 ND C09 ND C11 ND C13 ND C14 ND MARINE BIOTA-HARD Tall JACK pCi/kg Wet Weight C08 D

C09 ND Gross Beta C13 4500 C

2M C14 m

Gross Alpha Trttlum pCI/1 Potassium 40

< 200

< 200 C13 2600 C11

< 200 C13

< 200 C14

< 200 DRINKING WATER Location April May June C07 No detectable activity C10 Gross Beta C18 Gross Alpha C22 Gamma Scan C23

• lum < 200 pCl/1 C24 SURFACE WATER Location April May June C12 No detectable activity C15 Gross Beta C16 Gross Alpha C17 Gamma Scan Tritium <200 pCl/1

79 e

P

)

(:idlJLr:A 9 iq Q iq / 9 1 y\\

id!/

a.

so f'

08

?? t? AWr"b

?

1 i }/

(

? ?

L

- 3 ib HYh I.i Af 5 2

SURVEILLANCE REPORT PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT George R. McCall Staff Mrs. Russell Hobbs The following data are a summary of air monitor-ing results and rainfall collections taken in St.

Petersburg, Florida, for the second quarter of 1971. The approximate air volume on whi:h the determinations are based was 2100 cubic me-ters for the 48 hour5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> sampling periods and 3100 cubic meters for 72 hour8.333333e-4 days <br />0.02 hours <br />1.190476e-4 weeks <br />2.7396e-5 months <br /> periods. The counting equipment consists of a thin end window (2 mg/

cm2) Geiger Mueller tube coupled with a Pack-ard Mod. 410A scaler timer system. On each occasion, the instrument is standardized against a 32,000 pci Strontium 90 calibration source of dimensions identical to the air filters.

l

81 o

PINELLAS COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT RADIATION SURVEILLANCE QUARTERLY REPORT Apr.1 -June 30,1971 DATE AIR RAINFALL REMARKS Gross Beta Activity (mm)

(1971)

(pCl/m3) 4/2 0.575 0

4/5 0.5975 23.22 4/7 0.464 8.50 4/9 0.402 0

4/12 0.6 0

4/14 0.796 0

4/16 0.80 0

4/19 0.805 0

4/21 0.835 0

4/23 0.748 0

4/26 0.55 0.58 4/28 0.281 0

4/30 0.342 0

5/3 0.454 0

5/7 1.22 0

5/10 1.06 0

5/12 0.525 0

Air flow rate recalibrated 5/14 0.437 4.60 5/17 0.229 51.80 5/19 0.487 0

5/21 0.711 0

5/24 0.784 0

5/26 0.808 2.06 5/28 0.799 0

5/31 0.793 0

6/2 0.44 0

6/4 0.60 0

6/7 0.597 27.5 6/9 0.238 0

6/11 0.236 0

6/14 0.393 10.95 6/16 0.578 0

6/18 0.464 0

6/21 0.27 1.13 6/23 0.333 0

6/25 0.299 10.92 6/28 0.??9 0

6/30 0.287 53.3 Public Health Physicist, Division of Radiological and Occupational Health June 30,1971

/rh

83 5'

Cu. by uMl lA[6

{

84 T

W, PO M

_ ET"O:k BM 1.-

e r

l f n

t t

a n

1. ;a <

.f ? t 9

i 2

e

.i E : i wax 2.

n u.

., au INVESTIGATION AT THE ANCLOTE POWER PLANT SITE University of South Florida, Marine Science Institute Principal Investigator Dr. Harold J. Humm, Director, Marine Science institute Co-Investigators Dr. Ronald C. Baird Dr. Kendall L Carder Dr. Thomas L Hopkins Dr. Thomas E. Pyle Marine Science Institute Staff D. Wallace P. Archer J. Smyth V. Maynard L Wasiluk S. Franklin N. Smith Students D. Ballantyne B. Causey J. Davis W. Fable J. Feigt R. Gibson W.Gunn J. Johnson R. Klausewitz J. McCarthy D. Milliken M. Proctor K. Rolfes W. Weiss K. Wilson R. Zimmerman

as INTRODUCTION month ly basis. Fourteen of these stations are sampled for plankton. Analyses of principle in-Research for the Anclote envLnmental project organic nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, since the last interim repor' ias been primarily dissolved oxygen and measurements of primary a continuation of previously outlined work (See productivity are made from samples at each Environmental Status Report, January. March station.

1971). Of particular interest is the initiation of an expanded program in turbidity and sedimen.

Ill. Sea grasses, algae, and bacteriology tation analysis. In addition the mathematical Research has continued on sea grasses and model for the hydrology of the Anclote area is algae as outlined in the last interim report. In I

nearing completion and the first computer runs particular a detailed analysis of sea grass have been completed.

species, density, and distribution was included The technical report concept initiated during in a general benthic community survey along the the last interim period has proved to be a suc.

axis of the proposed discharge canal. (See Sec-cessful means of providing specific data for tion IV " Benthic invertebrates" below.)

particular problems. Six reports have been sub-Monitoring of coliform and luminescent bac-mitted to date.

teria in the lower Anclote River, Anchorage and adjacent Gulf is continuing. Increases in the SUB-DISCIPLINE PROGRESS REPORTS number of luminescent bacteria with increasing water temperature have been observed.

l. Physical The numerical modelof the Anclote Riverestuary IV. Benthicinvertebrates has been modified to include spatially variable Procedures and objectives, formalized and listed friction cuafficients representing sand, silt, or during the last interim reporting period, are now grass bottom type. The circulation model has functioning as a regular systematic sampling been run successfully for present and projected program.

bottom and power plant configurations including A major short-term study entitled "The ben-the following physical changes:

thic community along the proposed discharge intake canal excavation canal for the Anclote River power plant" was Discharge canal excavation completed and submitted to Florida Power Cor-Barge canaladdition poration as Technical Report #6. The study, 2,000,000 gal / min condenser pumping which considered the distributions and densities capacity of both sea grasses and benthic invertebrates A technical report on both physical and numeri-is included as an addendum to this report of cal circulation models is under preparation.

progress.

STD (c::linity, temperature, depth) and cur-rent measurements have become part of the V. Fishes standard data obtained by the sedimentation Sampling of fishes in the Anclote area has con-team this summer. Their report contains a more tinued using primarily trawls, trammel nets, and detailed description of that program.

the Fyke net. A permanent Fyke net station has in addition a study of flood tidal currents been established at the mouth of the small near the proposed outfall was completed and bayou on the Florida Power property adjacent results appear in Technical Report #5 which is to the MSI laboratory facility. This will enable an addendum to this report.

investigators to obtain a complete quantitative sample of the fishes entering this area over a ll. WaterQuality-Plankton tidal cycle.

i The water quality program continues to involve Beach seine collections on Anclote Key have j

thirty-three stations which are sampled on a been added to the fish sampling program. Re.

j l

l

86 suits of a survey on juvenile fishes inhabiting attributed to the more optically transparent grass beds adjacent to and on a transect includ-water mass from north Anclote Anchorage and ing the proposed outfall appear in Report #6.

Sand Bay moving southward with the ebbing tide. (Net movement was approximately 0.3 VI. Geology mile during the two hour time span between A. Suspended Sediments observations).

The turbidity measuring program continued but Surface water samples were also collected was hampered by equipment malfunctions and along these lines and the total suspended load long delays in delivery of new instruments. Due varied from a high of 18 mg/l to a low of 2 to unforeseen production holdups, the new Hy.

mg/1. These corresponded to transmissivity dro Products Model 612 transmissometer still readings of 2% T/m and 5404 T/m respectively, had not arrived in time for fie!d deployment and Fig.1C - 16 April 1971. The lines plotted use in the preparation of this report. All surveys for this date iliustrate to some degree the were consequently made utilizing the older problems encountered during attempts to survey Model 412 (1 meter path) unit on loan from the a relatively large area under varying tidal Geology Department, and thus values are com-conditions.

patible with those described in the 1970 Annual The morning run was made in the arer. south Report.

of the line designated AM-PM. Dead calm wind Figures I A through IF (pages 89 92) are con-and sea conditions were encountered throughout toured areal plots of surface water turbidity most of the run. Tidal condition ranged from values (per cent transmissivity per meter: %

slack water to early flood.

T/m) obtained between February 12 and June The afternoon lines in the northern sector 25,1971. Due to variations in transect lines were made during maximum flood tide with the and field procedures, the runs cannot be com-sea state turning into a two foot chop with winds pared in great detail. The primary purpose at from the west at 10-15 m.p.h.

this stage was to work out various logistical Transmissivity values ranged from 5-35%

problems and at the same time acquire back-T/m with the lower values generally associated ground data for more regular runs to commence with shoal areas and the natural tidal pass south upon procurement of the new 10cm path trans-of Anclote Key. Surprisingly, the Anclote River missometer. Only a brief analysis of these data showed some of the highest values recorded will be included in this report.

during the morning run (> 30% T/m). There The contour intervals listed below are uni-was some indication of a turbid " plume" extend-formly designated on Figures IA through IF (if ing from Bird Key to Marker "7x" parallel to l

encountered on that particular run).

and south of the ship channel. This was appar-l

< 5%

15-20 %

40-50 %

ently due in part to heavy boat traffic in the area.

5-10 %

20-30 %

50-60 %

T/m The,high turbidity found in the natural pass 10-15 %

30-40 %

> 60%

south of Anclote Key (lowest readings of the Figs. IA and IB - 12 February 1971. These day - 5% T/m), were due also in some part lines were run in two sessions to determine the to the heavy boat traffic in the area, but probably magnitude of change that might take place in a primarily the result of tidal sco;ing on the adja-I single area over varying tidal conditions.

cent shoal areas.

(

The earlier run, (Fig. I A), was made with mod-The northern lines also showed a similar l

erate flood current prevailing while the later relationship between turbidity and topography l

transect (Fig.18) was made during slack water but in general the values were lower due to the l

end early ebb conditions.

more turbulent state of the water and thus re-l Transmissivity ranged from 0% T/m to 56%

lated poorly to turbidity distributions noted six T/m, with generally higher values observed dur-or seven hours earlier.

ing the second run. This observation can be Fig. ID - 17 April 1971. These lines covered

87 areas north and south of the main channel but eral, all values were low with the highest obser-contrary to the procedure on April 16, Fig. IC, vation approaching 25 % T/m found well outside the lines were made in reverse order with the Anclote Key and north of Anclote Anchorage, northern area covered in the A.M. and the The lowest values were observed north of the southern portion in the P.M.

main channel and in the natural pass south of Calm wind and sea state conditions prevailed the Key.

In the morning but picked up to a 1-2 foot chop Turbidity in the Anchorage was uniformly high and higher westerly winds in the afternoon.

and decreased northward.

Transmissivity values ranged from 18% T/m to 68% T/m - the latter being the highest B. Transmissometer-Temperature Survey:

value observed to date in the Anclote area.

Anclote River Again, a relationship to bottom topography Fig. 2 - 26 April 1971. Fig. 2 (page 92) was observed with lower turbidity characteristic shows the results of a transmissometer survey of deeper water areas.

run on the Anclote River to help define natural A comparison of Figs.1C to 1D, which were turbidity levels inherent to this source. Vertical run on consecutive days, illustrates the impor.

profiles were recorded at fourteen stations be-tance of acquiring transmissivity data in the tween three and thirteen miles above the mouth.

shortest time possible in light of the extreme Stations are located on the map view of the river conditions which can prevail within a relatively and, in addition, data and the bottom profiles short time span.

of the river are also included on the same figure.

Fig. IE - 24 May 1971. This series of lines The survey commenced at slack water and illustrates conditions after several consecutive continued through early ebb. Consequently con-days of moderate westerly winds. Winds on the ditions were almost ideal and values were spot day of the run varied from 10-15 mph and a checked for reproductivity during the return run 2-foot chop was present in the Anchorage.

with good results. The river itself was probably Due to engine problems and the small size at an almost zero net flow state due to lack of of the boat used; the runs were incomplete and precipitation for a number of months preceding confined to the more sheltered area north of the the survey. Data is not yet available for April main channel.

1971 from the USGS gauging station at Eifers Transmissivity ranged from 2% to S2% T/m.

so the estimated flow cannot be verified.

Most notable in these transects is the high Transmissivity ranged from 0-29% T/m.

turbidity along the western shoal areas (on the Minimum values of 0-2% were found between east side of the Keys) and higher than usual stations 3 and 8 which is a section four to nine turbidity in the Anchorage. In contrast, the miles above the river mouth. The water character thickly grassed shoals running parallel to the changed rapidly above station 13 and this area shore line in the eastern portion of the Anchorage (1112 miles above the mouth) is probably the exhibited very low turbidity. This would appear maximum extent of strong tidal influence. From to be a verification of the stabilizing influence the high T/m% values obtained above this point of these grasses on unconsolidated bottom types it is believed that the river contributes negligible under certain conditions.

sediment to the system under low flow condi-Fig.1F - 25 June 1971. The survey depicted tions. Apparently the most important source of on Fig. IF was made under calm sea state sediments is the area of maximum tidal effect conditions with west to southwesterly winds aver-due to scouring and resuspension between four aging below 8 mph. Flood and slack water pre-and nine miles above the mouth. Bottom sedi-valled through most of the lines.

ments from this region should be collected and Except forthe grass beds along Bailey's Bluff, studied to determine their significance to the the shoal areas are almost defined by trans.

total sediment budget of the area.

missivity values lower than 10% T/m. In gen.

Future surveys of this type will be made with c.

e

88 the more sensitive 10cm path transmissoraeter supporting data to conduct independent re-along with STD and a current meter to further search projects in this area. Copies of the follow-characterize this portion of the river under vary-ing reports are on file at the Marine Science ing net flow conditions.

Institute:

1. "The Sedimentation Process: Information C. AerialPhotography and Recommendations for Ftture hudies at Two sets of uncontrolled, oblique aerial photo.

Anclote Anchorage and Crystal River ' by R. M.

graphs of the Anclote area have recently been Fruland; obtained. On May 11,1971 a small plane was

2. " Distribution of Dyed Sand at the South-rented for one hour and a hand-held camera was ern End of Anclote Key" by J. Dvcc, R. Klausewitz used to test the usefulness of infrared Ekta-and V. Maynard; chrome (" false color IR") film in delineating

3. "A Preliminary Investigation of Sediment bottom morphology and grass beds in the An-Processes in the North Anclote Key Area" by D.

clote area. Despite difficulties imposed by time Eggimann; limitations and the uncertainty of exposure set-

4. "A Study of the Relationships between the tings to be used with this film, the first test was Inorganic / Organic Fractions of the Water Col-successful on both counts. The photos also re-umn and Underlying Sediments at Marker #3, vealed interesting features of Anclote Key such Anclote Anchorage, Florida" by R. V. Cano.

as' vegetation patterns related to recent north-

5. " Bottom Sediments of Anclote Anchorage:

ward extension of the island.

Comparison of Sample Preparation Techniques A second set of aerial photographs was ob-for Nitrogen Analyses" by W. R. Gunn and V. R.

tained May 27,1971 u ing two cameras loaded Maynard.

with infrared Ektachrome and Ektachrome film.

These exposures were employed to map sea The following additional background data has grasses and to guide field work during the prep-been obtamed or compiled:

aration of Technical Report #6 (Zimmerman et

1. Published streamflow and water quality rec-al.,1971). Infrared Ektachrome proved superior ords of Anclote River from late 1964 to Septem-to Ektachrome in revealing details of bottom fea-ber 1968, "in press" data for October 196G to tures during this single, limited comparison.

September 1970, and pmvisional data from During the past months we have made contact October 1970 to March 1971.

with the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) to deter-

2. Rainfa!! and air temperature data from the mine past coverage of the area by NASA /USGS cooperative weather observer in Tarpon Springs.

remote sensing overflights. We have also initi-These data have been plotted on a common time ated a joint proposal for further high altitude base with the streamflow data and are available overflights preparatory to NASA's SKYLAB foruseof alldisciplines.

program.

3. Tidal current data from the U.S. Coast &

l We have been copying the NASA /USGS ex-Geodetic Survey. Half-hourly measurements of posures showing the Anclote area and have current speed and direction for a 3-day period in added these to our collection of aerial photo-19S1. Apparent basis for published Tidal Cur-graphs. This collection now includes data from rent Tables.

NASA /USGS, U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, U.S.

4 Foundation core borings from Florida Power Department of Agriculture, Pinellas County, Flor-Corporation contractor used to prepare cross-l ida Power Corporation, and the Marine Science sectional fence diagram to be correlated with Institute.

offshore work.

l D. Reports and Data Summaries E. Progress to Date Several students have taken advantage of the The new Hydro Products Model 612 transmisso-Anclote Environmental Project's facilities and meter was received the first week in July and

)

U.Y l9 g g7m Sp

[/ -

tN

,. 4..p.s 4,3

,,/

I.,

4 j

-,,/

L, g

( "\\

~

r

/4 M

N /

g/ /, g

• f

.?

'Qt/g n y

-,//

=

a d{O -f er Figure 1A g) w-

. >?.

k

' -- Mr:ifar ".',T, N

_, i 1

+es. p*,.

1

~=~

i NP:Jlll:f*

T.

i N N 4

n a.u tesa

_.. h.x

's j

u

.... <<.M.ie g

"!: :t...u

.M

,q s

i h..b im l

NO

%!'EK *"*m4,,.".". ~.'" I."l r

4. f, c7 q

= = ;;.

}

, 7.s.g%/ g.

tg

{

f y

l j g w

i intensive surveys will be conducted during the files, wind and wave parameters, and longshore summer months with this unit. Initial field trials currents. In addition we have begun a program indicate that transects will be made almost of coring in very shallow water using PVC pipe exclusively with the 10cm path length. Hope-pushed into the sediment by hand. The grab fully, this will allow more sensitive measure-sampling program has also been started this ments to be made.

month.

Calibration experiments are now being carried Miss P. C. Jones has joined the project and out in the laboratory to determine the effects commenced sedimentological and geochemical of known concentrations of natural materials on studies. She will be responsible for laboratory light transmission under controlled conditions.

analyses of sediment textures, organic content, To facilitata coverage of the large area in-heavy minerals, etc. and will assist in the field volved in this study, regular weekly surveys will program.

be made through the summer utilizing two Model Thirty buoys have been constructed and will 612 transmissometers operating concurrently be " permanently" deployed as station markers from two boats. This will help eliminate, to some for all disciplines to supplement regular naviga-degree, the discrepancies noted earlier in at-tion aids in the Anclote area.

tempting to portray cor Jitions over a large area The group has completed design of a station under rapidly changing tide and wind conditions.

location grid system that will serve as a basis In addition, more supplementary physical data for common reference and computer retrieval of will be obtained at approximately twenty stand-data obtained by all disciplines. The base map ard stations while making traverses. The addi.

for this grid is now being drafted and will be tional parameters will be salinity, temperature, distributed to all personnel for use in both field and transmissivity in vertical profiles along with and the laboratory.

j surface current and wind velocities.

l These parameters, especially the latter two, RECOMMENDATION should allow a greater degree of,%so: into the i

natural distribution of turbidity and water move-Our thus far limited application of aerial photo-ment in the area.

graphy indicates that it is very useful in the While Dr. George Griffin is with us for the Anclote area and that its use should be continued summer and an additional boat, transmisso-by contracting for overflights on a seasonal meter and STD are available, we are conducting basis. Color and IR color photography should be once a week two boat,6-8 man surveys of trans-conducted in conjunction with IR scanning in missivity and hydrographic parameters. A sec-order to monitor seasonal variations in sea grass and day each week we are measuring Anclote distribution and sea surface temperatures prior Key beach profiles, offshore echo sounder pro.

to constuction of the Anclote generating complex.

i

90

/

(

)

j'

,, j

,/

f

,s

_~

(c.bc~,0.'<'

i

\\

I

?,/g

% Il. '

\\

"l /

d' ///f,j

'z l

\\

/

,h, f.

f A

'e

%\\1 I/

7,.

- es j

j {

s

//

=

i

(

\\, d[.

u ru n l

i u

.nu

,J

• .-. 0;;"L.,_*lll'"'.'M'N s

(

\\

l s.

Ii

.=

i I

'{

//

'?

'\\

'U

.l e "- """. :"

j j

f nua sw its l

CA N

if h[d

!!! !!0

&],?.M, h.

A

.c=

v.

M.)

e not c

.==. >

h 4

ad 4JNJ L \\'T

%,,~.,,.........

., g%

UN:un :::::

w

} hs..,, ;.;s. ~,/ h

~_.

2e

}

(

%...,'~--'

l y

l l

e,**

le N

N I".

I d

Q, i

i I

\\.

7

/ - S,p h

'y &

v w h

/ j'

-/

g

M

~~*

i i

g

\\

w Figure IB

.)

(

)

v.,l

(

~~

s

)

x

/. '

(

6'.

,'.','.:tE-

'N x

\\

i

.9 f

hh'i ,$/"///f{)' ff }

Y

/

f)f',

(ll ln

• ~ ~ '

l\\

l?

f

// l/h

?

• s'

\\

/[t r i

1. y a -. n 4

4-i i

,,,,p

, y",]@/, _ g;;=_g=_= =,* gig i

... n 1

%v 4...

i

~

p/

p j

l i i t

\\

.?

bt

• =".lll"J'.,

)

,J'

%,,\\

4 nm. m i

r n..,

Y

!I0 $ 0 f'

p / f-(/g' ":*,'.//Q.

h pe

^6 ~-=

T

-- k}

&.Jh)( r ab

/.

.. 5g;; -

.g,/-O;.-

)

w,

g-g- v=

2.,r N

,.uk g / f.A

,~

Q/

nm c

/j

'-?)

sa a e== cm.

e

/

I j/,/*j

/,,.L. #. g un :::::

7 & **

.4

(

.~*M 1-

\\.i _ _ <#.#.... _.

Figure Ic t

l L

i

u' raneo,_

n -,7 ay'\\x\\g~s.

.....m i

x j

/

q g,.,.,y,v.='n

/

f(

1

- N

gr:.:=:"....

,,,g d

i N

i:::

p m

N

/

y

/

u

..n

- < -[\\.I y

( e*,q

~

1

,*e, z

T C,l

'I'

\\

~

/

8'<'.'

/

1 :'

I'! *:'! l

,+ 3

- ;,/

,,L/ / / w b 7'

" ~ - -

./

Figure ID

/

(

)

/

,_/

' - ~ '

(

\\

,J J.

v'

(.. ~,%::. ---l0

{

'gh

(

w 4; $/.I i yn w, ;

t e

,s

. - ?v. - f7

}

t

\\5 &,; --

/

a. m n i

f i'

i i.... u.,

(

(

j.[

.3

\\

j

/y/

-:=,=r:r===

1 s

[ l

'*- /,

• :::::=:=r-i

/

(

i i

/'A A'#:,/

l/

m.,~...,

i 6

\\

)'

, j;Y7( '

1

.. pm : -

).

• =%

• x.

/,4

)

\\

W Ih s,'

. 1,

,77~. '~. ' ?

,e

(

i

,,*f f

i

/

e g

,3 j

'f i

k.

Tad.4 Curree.e ttte.)

N/

i s

.i

..e, e

f I

• "8

,, 'Q ta a

...s e

[

k a!$a.N.

j

%.w

\\

\\

L.

w Figure 1E

• !////{l s.

\\

.g3.-

.s -zat 8

gff,> : - 'y.%-

,m. i_.,

< f)s ars

(

[.,

,,Q

. 85T r:

~-

c..

/

/

'E

/ L ', ',.

5,. :, ' -

/

.. p~\\'

. W\\

J,Y f

\\1-

.c.

-->_s A

l

)

'. go-s *E Qr;..

.f, ",

.. h fi-

'a-l 5, -

[

k,, ' M a b, -

,,o,,,,,,,

k

[13.

.),

,;} f l,33.4,,;.-Q..;..

c '

- ",..!!.'lll",';"ll'N

\\

~

\\

j'.?a.. {

.,Npl,

ll

. :::=,,gtc=

y

. r;.:..,.',-

j 1

sj 7.h..

y '&,

Y'

~

!*H

' y:$i.

,;y

6,

,, y

.s nof l anr11510 ' <ffE ! sin ; c1*f I.06 l1sar ! se N

4s 24 as z,

24 ! ts i ss ! ar i ss ; o s,. ar j i6 lst

'"'N,,,,..

's no tss 2ss us sno (ss2 !1u itu ius :ss ass at itso ins 3

.Y 4s.

2s on f as a,! ta l o.s ; as i ss ts; se erjarse l

,1

.5s l861l24s lNJ tit h KS h 2La {2KJ,li-s 32l 5s, 3sf859 3s_

l

"",a*=="."'-

l m.i in...

e n

j j

j j

p> m

<sa

'wa eW.y

=

j l

y 4

I I

i a: mw.m.m sa

-s

[7N.M

,nHI V E[

l Ny/

I il I "'l W

• J i ""~~ = :~~"'

~

l I

IF i

E li

^-

~'

I I.w I

e.J

.e ee

,.e.

ee se eo Figure 2 Transmissometer-Temperature Survey Anclote River 26 April 71

93 On April 22,1971, twelve stations were sampled th ee times for current information over the periods of maximum flood current and of slack water before and after maximum flood current.

The station numbers and locations were approxi-mately the same as those used in the ebb current study reported in Technical Report #3. They are as indicated on Figure 1 (page 94). Table i lists tidal data.

Run #1 (0639-0850) bracketed the maximum flooding current (0644). Currents found at max-imum flood current were as expected from Humm et. al., (1971). Stations 1, 8, and 9 in 4

ANCLOTE ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT deep water had the highest current speeds and were moving in a generally northeasterly direc.

Technical Report #5 tion. Flow decreased shoreward with the decreas-ing depth. There was flow at all stations except FLOOD TIDAL CURRENTS NEAR 4 and 12 where the shallowest depths occurred.

PROPOSED OUTFALL There was a 0.11 k.1ot current to the ENE at Station 5, the other shoremost station. At Station 11, near the small channel leading north from by the Anclote River, the flow was shifting to the north. This could be attributed to a northward Fred Schlemmer deflection of some of the Anclote River flow by the floodingtidal current.

and Run #2 (0905-1024) bracketed the slack water (0947) after the maximum flooding cur-Staff of the rent. This run found zero or negligible flow at all stations except 8,9, and 10. Stations 8 and University of South Florida 9 were both deep water stations and showad MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE 0.17 knot and 0.29 knot currents to the north-830 First Street South east and north respectively. Station 10, in the St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 grass flats west of the north channel leading from the Anclote River, had a current of 0.17 May 1971 knots to the northeast. These three stations were taken in descending order and were the only deep water stations taken before slack water.

This accounts for their values being somewhat largerthanthoseof the otherstationsof Run#2.

Run #3 (1525-1710) bracketed the slack water (1623) before the second maximum flood.

ing current of the day. The flow found during l

this run was in good general agreement with that reported by Humm et. al., (1971). There was relatively substantial flow to the north and north-east in all deeper water stations. There was a decrease in current speed with decreasing depth on all transects except between Stations 7 and 8 l

94 where a small increase was noted. Flow direction The range of the predicted tidal heights was was generally to the north except at Stations substantial and representative of the larger 6 and 7 where it was northeasterly. This too ranges expected in Anclote Anchorage. The pre-would agree with that reported by Humm et. al.

dicted tidal currents were representative of the (1971). A surprisingly strong current was found stronger tidal currents experienced in Anclote at Station 9 where the speed was in excess of Anchorage. The winds were 10-15 knots from 0.53 knots to the north. Zero flow was found at the south during the first half hour of Run #1, all of the shallower stations (3, 4, 5, and 12) then droppe J to almost a calm for the rest of the with negligible flow (0.09 knots) at Station 2.

day.

t f

iLV.

~

a

(

s 0

A

, ~..

p p

a' 0/n b(

(

• Q-.

1 h(

/

(

[g'

[

-n

.-a.......

l

/~- @

j

,ff ' le e s

t is

.e e C.:. s.

o-.~.

L; ;(4

.=

.g

.c

.g

-~9. -- !

5

-La

~j u/.::;p 3'b

.1,.

o

=

1 0

j j b \\,W

['*$ )

Y I flEuro 1 Current Survey 4/22/71 Causey Schlemmer n

95 TABLE 1 Tide and Current Data for April 22,1971 at Anclote Anchorage Predicted Tidal Currents Slack water Maximum Current

Time, Time Velocity 0353 0644 0.63 FLOOD 0947 1250 1.04 EBB 1623 1920 0.72 FLOOD Predicted Tidal Heights Time Height 0335 0.18 0954 2.91 1605 0.00 2230 2.91 Current Data - Run #1 Station #1 Time Velocity (KT)

Direction ('T) 1 0817

.29 030 2

0828

.13 035 3

0843

.11 040 4

0850 0

5 0726

.11 060 5

0737

.17 050 7

0747

.25 065 8

0800

.42 060 9

0712

.46 010 10 0701

.26 080 11 0651

.18 055 12 0639 0

Current Data-Run #2 1

1024 0

2 1018 0

3 1012

.05 040 4

1007 0

5 0952 0

6 0947 0

7 0941 0

8 0935

.17 040 9

0922

.29 010 10 0916

.17 040 11 0910 0

12 0905 0

Current Data - Run #3 1

1525

.14 330 2

1535

.09 000 3

1544 0

4 1553 0

5 1610 0

6-1621

.22 050 7

1629

.46 055 8

1637

.35 025 9

1651

>.53 010 10 1700

.25 000 11 1717 0

12 1710 0

t l

. ~..

96 This report is based upon a study of the benthic community and includes distribution and dens-ities of sea grasses and benthic invertebrates along the axis of the proposed discharge canal.

METHODS On May 29, June 3, 9 and 17,1971, bottom samples were taken on a transect positioned along the proposed discharge canal. Stations were selected on the transect and sampled for densities of benthic plants and animals. Bottom ANCLOTE ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT plugs (20 x 20 cm) were obtained with a specially designed square corer resembling a post hole Technical Report #6 digger. Each sample was sieved (in the field) through a 0.5 mm square mesh sieve. Plant THE BENTHIC COMMUNITY ALONG THE material was removed from the remaining fauna PROPOSED DISCHARGE CANAL FOR and sediment. For each sample taken sea grass THE ANCLOTE RIVER POWER PLANT densities were detern'ined by counting the emer-gent branches per unit area. The longest, living leaf was mer 1 red for each branch and average Prepared by:

lengths reported. Allliving plant materialinclud-ing stems, leaves and rhizomes were retained, RogerZimmerman rinsed with distilled water, blotted and dried at James Feigi 75'C for three to four days. Dry weights are David Ballantine given and include epiphytic algae. Gable 1)

Ron Baird At the margin of the grass bed, densities were and obtained by counting the emergent stems within Staff of the a metal meter square frame. No blade lengths are reported for this station, #9. Average lengths University of South Florida may be slightly low as some braisches were un-MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE avoidably cut in sampling. Macroscopic algae 830 First Street South growing in the grass bed were collected by hand.

St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 These species are reported.

Animals in the sieved material from each sam-Submitted: June 30,1971 pie were relaxed with propylene phenoxythol, stained with Rose Bengal and fixed in 10% for-malin (in the field). Organisms from samples at stations 1,2,3 and 4 were sorted in the labora-tory, identified and counted. Species diversity was determined (Table 11) and the densities listed. (Table Ill)

Epibenthic trawl samples were taken at two stations,5 and 10. The trawlwas one meter wide and one-half meter high at the opening. A.35 cm j

mesh bag was attached. The trawl was taken l

1. Tables and Figures are shown on pp. 99 through 108.

97

)

I over a distance of 15 meters. Relative abun.

STATION 4:

dance of fauna are reported in Table IV.

At the sublittoral fringe, in water averaging just over one meter in depth, Thalassia was found in a pu.e stand (Figures 3,4 and Table 1). Animal diversity and density increased slightly from previous stations (Table 11). The gastropod Mod-TRANSECT DESCRIPTION ulus modulus was abundant along with two cae-The transect was begun at the high water line and cidae, Caecum pulchelium and Meisceras nitida.

extended Gulfward (Figures 1 & 2) along the pro-Crabs were common at this station and in-posed discharge canal. Terrestrial vegetation cluded the mud crab (Neopanope texana), her-above the high water line had previously been re-mit crabs (Pagurus bonairensis, Pagurus longi-moved by bulldozing. Red mangroves, Rhizo-carpus), the spider crab (Libinia emarginata) phora mangle, and black mangroves, Avicennia and the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus).

germinans, along with typical sand strand vege-tation were missing from the disturbed area. This STATION 5:

vegetation was present, however,in undisturbed An epibenthic trawl was taken at this station and areas immediately to the north and south, revealed a high diversity of polychaetes and molluscs (Table Va). The most abundant crusta-cean was the shrimp, Hippolyte pleuracantha.

STATION 1:

Densities of this shrimp approached sixty indi-At the high water line, there was a narrow band viduals per square meter. Others present were of Spartina. (Figures 3,4 and Table 1). The dom-the grass shrimp Palaemonetes intermedius, inant animal here was the snail, Littorina irrorata Palaemonetes pugio, Palaemon floridanus and (Table lila). Beyond the Spartina, a sand zone the stick shrimp Tozeuma carolinensis. The pink extended 28 rnet~.; offshore. This area was bare shrimp Penaeus duorarum was present, but of grasses ar.d attached algae, however twenty-probably not sampled representatively. The two invertebrate species were recorded. (Table trawls were taken at mid-day when most of the I and lila).

Penaeus population are burrowed into the sand bottom.

STATION 2:

This station also represents the nearest shore.

Shoal grass, Diplanthera wrightii, dominated this ward appearance of manatee grass, Syringodium shallow water zone (Figures 3,4 and Table 1).

filiforme.

The grass was less dense toward shore and more Mean water depth was slightly greater than Gulfward (Table 1). Faunistically, this zone was one meter. The dominant aspect of the trawl similar to the preceding sand zone (Table I sample was the high density of the pinfish. (Lag-and Illb).

odon rhomboides). Densitywas greaterthan ten per square meter (Table Va), indicating the high STATION 3:

productivity of these sea grass beds.

At 108 meters offshore, turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) appears and is mixed with Diplan-STATION 6:

thera (Figures 3,4 and Table 1). This region was Both manatee grass and turtle grass were pres-considered the lower littoral zone, with a mean ent in dense beds (Figures 3,4 and Table 1). The water depth of just under one meter. Animal greatest density for Syringodium (100 emergent diversity and density were comparatively low in stems per square meter) was found at this sta-the sample from this area (Table ll and Table tion and average leaf lengths for both Syringo.

Illc). However, there is reason to believe that dium and Thalassia were longer than at other part of the sample was lost and thus does not transect stations. (Table 1) Mean water depth truly represent the faunal diversity of this station.

was 1.5 meters. ' invertebrate diversity was high,

98 with 41 species found in the sample (Table 11).

STATION 9:

Molluscs were the most diverse group and near.

This station was essentially on me outer margin ly as abundant as polychaetes (Table 11). Among of the grass bed (Figure 3 and 4). The dominant the more abundant molluscs were the snails vegetation was shoal grass (Diplanthera) which Meioceras nitidium, Bulla striata, and Marginella was sparse and small at the margin but larger eburneola. '.,yllids, lumbrinerids and a species and denser toward shore. Approximately 25 me-of Prionospio were the most abundant poly-ters within the marginal beds,Diplanthera was chaetes (Table ille).

mixed with sparse Thalassia and Syringodium and very sparse growths of Halophila. Mean wa-STATIONS 7 and 8:

ter depth was just under two meters. Invertebrate Sea grass beds at stations 7 and 8 were dense densities and diversity were comparatively low but variable in composition. In this rather large (Table ll and Table Illh).

region, pure stand of Thalassia, Syringodium and Diplanthera were found along with mixed STATION 10:

patches. Pure stands of one grass were fre-Bottom fauna here was representative of types quently found adjacent to pure or mixed stands found in the sand, mud and shell bottom com-of other grasses. The sea grass Halophila ball-munity of deeper waters beyond the grass beds lones also occurred in the area but was not col-(Figures 3, 4 and 6 & Table 1). Invertebrates lected in bottom plugs. Paired samples within were insediment fauna, mainly polychaete worms a few feet of each other at stations 7 and 8 re-and pelecypods (clams). (Table Illi) Cirritormia flected variability in grass density and species filigera was the most abundant polychaete, while composition (Table 1). This variability was also Nucluana concentrica was the most abundant evident in invertebrate species composition and pelecypod. Other wormlike invertebrates in-densities (Table 11,Tablelilf andliig). Molluscan cluded sipunculoids, echiuroids, chaetegnaths and polychaete diversity and abundance were and rynchocoels. Mean water depth was slightly variable but generally high. Prominent among greater than two meters.

polychaetes were syllids, sabellariids, Scoloplos, Fabricia, Clymenella, Capitella and Spirorbis.

guygggy Abundant gastropods (snails) were Rissoina catesbyana, Modulus modulus, Crepidula macu-

1. Seagrass beds are present over most of the losa Crepidula fornicata, Bulla striata and Mar-area proposed for the Pncinte Power Plant dis-ginella eburneola. Common pelecypods (clams) charge channel. Composition of the beds varies were Chione cancellata, Lucina sp.,Tellina sp.,

between pure and mixed stands of shoal grass Brachiodontes exustus and Tellina tampaensis.

Diplanthera wrightii), and turtle grass (Thalassia One interesting and potentially valuable feature testudinum) and manatee grass (Syringodium of these grass beds was the abundance of the filiforme). These beds exhibit their more dense edible scallop, Argopecten irrandians concen-and luxuriant growth at average water depths tricus. Thirty minutas collecting effort by three between 0.7 and 1.75 meters.

persons yielded approximately five dozen large

2. The species diversity and densities of benthic scallops. This figure becomes impressive, con.

invertebrates were greatest at stations with sidering that these animals are living among greatest grass densities.

dense grass blades and are relatively hard to see.

3. A total of 145 benthic invertebrate species Aerial photographs in Figure 6 show the extent were obtained from sampling. Molluscs (61 of the grass bed. It can be seen that grasses species) and polychaetes (48 species) consti-cover most of the bottom with only occasional tuted the major portion of the benthic fauna bare patches several meters in size interspersed.

sampled.

The patchiness becomes more evident and ex-tensive toward the outer margin.

~

99 TABLE I DENSITIES AND SiOMASS OF SEA GRASSES AT STATIONS ALONG THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL Station Distance Depth SPARTINA THALASSIA DIPLANTHERA SYRINGODIUM Total from dry shore density av. length density av. fer'gth density av. length density av length wgt.

(meters) (meters) (M2)

(cm)

(M2)

(cm)

(M2)

(cm)

(M2)

(cm)

(g/M2) 1 0

.5 175 29.9 0

0 0

2 (a) 30

.6 0

0 1550 9.5 0

36.50 (b) 60

.8 0

0 3600 6.1 0

137.25 400 18.3 1675 8.6 0

390.50 3

108

.9 0

4 140

.9 0

625 23.0 0

0 1156.50 6

262 1.06 0

150 36.0 0

1000 32.4 439.00 7 (a) 0 0

1775 23.5 925 20.3 253.88 (b) 411 1 22 0

225 33.9 dio 29.2 800 21.8 458.50 8 (a) 0 0

750 21.1 800 17.4 128.38 (b) 580 1.52 0

125 14.5 500 10.6 700 11.7 208.38 9

980 1.83 0

very O to very sparse

> 100 sparse 10 1038 2.13 0

0 0

0 0

TABLE 11*

SPECIES DIVERSITY AT STATIONS ALONG THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL (from 20 x 20 cm Bottom Plug)

Group:

Stations:

1 2

3 4

6 7

8 9

10 Species 4

4 3

4 12 13 16 5

10 POLYCHAETES Individuals 9

10 7

10 102 397 42 19 21 Species 13 12 6

15 23 14 23 10 8

MOLLUSCS Individuals 46 18 14 36 91 27 72 36 17 Species 3

2 2

6 4

5 4

1 3

CRUSTA 0EANS Individuals 6

5 4

12 43 12 11 1

5 Species 2

4 1

2 2

0 0

3 4

OTHERS Individuals 3

4 1

4 10 0

0 5

4 Species 22 22 12 27 41 32 43 19 25 TOTALS Individuals 64 37 26 62 246 436 125 61 47

• Compiled from Table lli

100 TABLE Illb Station 2 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES TABLE lila ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL Station 1 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES Group:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Plug ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL POLYCHAETES Group:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Plug 1.

Clymenella mucosa 4

POLYCHAETES 2.

Onuphis emerita oculata 4

3.

Nereis succinea 1

1.

Onuphis emerita oculate 5

4.

Diopatra cuprea 1

2.

Clymenella mucosa 2

3.

Laeonereis sp.

1 Total 10 4.

Pectinaria gouldil 1

MOLLUSCS Total 9

1.

Nassarius vibex 2

MOLLUSCS 2.

Terebra protexta 2

3.

Modulus modulus 2

1.

Littorina irrorata 13 4.

Prunum apicinum 1

2.

Batellana minima '

4 5.

Bulla striata 1

3.

Melampus bidentatus 1

6.

Cerithium muscarum 1

4.

Nassarius vibex 1

7.

Crepidula maculosa 1

5.

Prunum spicinum 1

8.

Conus laspideus 1

6.

Cerithium muscarum 1

9.

Marginella sp.

1 7.

Olivella mutica 1

10. Anomalocardia cunimerus 2

8.

Anomalocardia cuneimeris 9

11. Cardita floridana 2

9.

Tellina tampeensis 7

12. Tellina tampaensis 2

10. Ensis minor 3

11. Tagelus divisus 2

Total 18

12. Brachiodontes exustus 2

13. Nuctuana concentrica 1

CRUSTACEAN Total 46 1.

Pagurus longicarpus 1

2.

Amphipods 4

CRUSTACEANS Total 5

1.

Pagurus longicarpus 2

2.

Uca pugilator 2

ECHINODERMS 3.

Amphipods 2

1.

Ophioderms brevispinum 1

Total 6

2.

Ophicphragmus filograneus 1

MEROSTOMATA Total 2

1.

Limulus polyphemus 1

TUNICATE SIPUNCULOIDEA 1.

Styles plicata 1

l 1.

Unidentified speci6s 2

l SIPUNCULOIDEA Unidentified species 1

101 TABLE Illd Station 4 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL Group:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Plug POLYCHAETES TABLE Ille 1.

Scoloplos sp.

2 Station 3 2.

Clymenella mucosa 1

BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES 3.

Nereis succinea 1

ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL 4.

Unidentified 6

Group:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Pfug Total 10 POLYCHAETES MOLLUSCS 1.

Diopatra cuprea 2

1.

Modulus modulus 7

2.

Clymenella mucosa 1

2.

Caecum pulchellum 5

3.

Unidentified 4

3.

Meioceras nitida 4

4.

Nassarius vibex 3

Total 7

5.

Cerithium muscarum 3

6.

Bulla striata 3

MOLLUSCS 7.

Crepidula maculosa 2

8.

Terebra protexta 2

1.

Nassarius vibex 4

9.

Conus laspideus 1

2.

Bulla striata

?

10. Prunum epicnum 1

3.

Cerithium muscarum 2

11. Tellina tampeensis 1

4.

Modulus modulus 2

12. Brachiodontes exustus 1

5.

Cardita floridana 3

13. Anadara transversa 1

6.

Anomalocardia cuneimeris 1

14. Lloberus castaneus 1

15. Cardita floridana 1

Total 14 Total 36 CRUSTACEAN CRUSTACEANS 1.

Amphipods 2

2.

Cythura polita 2

1.

Neopanope texana 4

2.

Pagurus bonairensis 4

Total 4

3.

Alpheus heterochaelis 1

4.

Pagurus longicarpus 1

SIPUNCULOIDEA 5.

Libinia emarginata 1

6.

Callinectes sapidus 1

Unidentified species 1

Total 12 ECHINODERMS 1.

Ophioderms brevispinum 1

SIPUNCULOIDEA Unidentified species 3

102 TABLE life Station 6 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL Group:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Plug POLYCHAETES TABLE liff 1.

Syllidae 47 Station 7 2.

Prionospio sp.

14 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES 3.

Lumbrineridae 11 ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL 4.

Fabricia sp.

8

' 5.

Paraprionospio pinata 7

Group:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Plug 6.

Capitella capitata 4

7.

Eupomatus sp.

3 POLYCHAETES 8.

Spionidae 2

9.

Scoloplos rubra 2

1.

Syllidae 315

10. Magelonidae 2

2.

Fabricia sp.

57

11. Spirorbis spirillum 1

3.

Scoloplos rubra 4

12. Scoloplos sp.

1 4.

Capitella capitata 4

5.

Spirorbis spirillum 4

Total 102 6.

Spiophanes bombyx 3

MOLLUSCS 8.

Nerets succinea 2

9.

xogone ispar 1

1.

Meioceras nitidum 23 YP**'I'i' '

1 l0*

Brania sp.

2.

Bulla striata 14 1

11.

3.

Marginella eburneola 10 1.

phrosyllis sp.

1 4.

Turbonilla dalli 4

I*

• • I*P'** 'U' 1

5.

Crepidula maculosa 4

6.

Mitrella lunata 3

gng,g 397 7.

Prunum spicinum 3

8.

Margineita sp.

2 MOLLUSCS 9.

Retusa su!cata 2

10. Terebra protexta 1

1.

Crepidula fornicata 5

11. Anachis obesa 1

2.

Mitre!!a lunata 3

12. Olivella mutica 1

3.

Bulla striata 3

13. Chione cancellata 6

4.

Marginella eburneola 3

14. Phacoides nuttaill 6

5.

Prunum apicinum 2

15. Tellina sp.

3 6.

Bittium varium 1

16. Cardita floridana 1

7.

Turbonilla dalli 1

17. Laevicardium mortoni 1

8.

Rissoins catesbyena 1

18. Musculus lateralis 1

9.

Mitrella lunata 1

19. Argopecten irradians concentricus 1

10. Musculus lateralis 2

20. Lucina amiantus 1

11. Cardita floridana 2

b'

21. Lucina sp.

1

12. Chione cancellata 1

22. Ensis minor 1

13. Laevicardium mortoni 1

23. Macoma sp.

1 14.

Ischnochiton papillosa 1

Tot:1 91 Total -

27 CRUSTACEANS CRUSTACEANS 1.

Amphipods 33 1.

Pagurus bonairensis 5

2.

Eurypanopeus depressus 4

2.

Amphipods 4

3.

Pagurus Donairensis 4

3.

Hippolyte pleuracantha 1

4.

Hippolyte pleuracantha 2

4.

Pitho sp.

1 Total 43 Total 11 ECHINODERMS l

1.

Ophlophragmus filograneus 1

SIPUNCULOIDEA Unidentified species 9

103 TABLE His Station 3 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL Group:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Plug POLYCHAETES 1.

Sabellariidae 8

S 2.

Scoloplos rubra 7

BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES

" 8 ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL Hyp n sp.

E "' #8 Gr up:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Plug nida 7.

Nereis succinea 2

POLYCHAETES 8.

Spirorbus sparillum 2

9.

Onuphis rnagna 1.

Spiophanes bombyx 14

10. Glycera americana 1

7 g

11. Pectinaria gouldif 1

3.

Sabellidae 1

12. Eupomatus sp.

1 4.

Terebellidae 1

13. Prionospio sp.

1 5.

Laeonereis sp.

I

14. Diopatra cuprea 1

15. Terebellidae 1

Total 19

16. Notomastus latericeus 1

OLLUSCS Total 42 1.

Rissoina cafesbyena 2

MOLLUSCS 2.

Marginella eburneola 1

3.

Anachis obess 1

1.

Rissoina catesbyana 27 4.

Lucina sp.

19 2.

Modulus modulus g

5.

Lucina amlantus 4

3.

Crepidula maculosa 3

6.

Nuculana concentrica 3

4.

Bittium varium 2

7.

Chione canceIInta 3

5.

Anschis semiplicata 1

8.

Ensis minor 1

6.

Crepidula plana 1

9.

Tellina sp.

1 7.

Maringella aureocinta 1

10. Tellidora cristata 1

8.

Turbonilla dalli 1

9.

Eupleura sulfcidentata 1

10. Chione cancellata 5

Total 36

11. Lucina sp.

4

12. Tellina sp.

4 CRUSTACEANS

13. Brachlodontes exustus 3

14. Tellina tampaensis 2

1.

Amphipod 1

15. Musculus lateralis 1

16. Lloberus :astaneus 1

BRACHIOPOD

17. Lima pell,scida 1

1.

Glottidia sp.

1

18. Argepecten irradians concentricus 1

19. Laevicarrium mortoni 1

ECHlUROID

20. Phacoides nassula 1

21. Ischnot siton papillosa 1

1.

Unidentified species 3

22. Acant',oehiton sp.

I 23.

Der.aliurn laqueatum 1

v PHORONID Total 72 1.

P oronis architecta 1

CRUSTACEANS 1.

Pagurus bonairensis 4

2.

Amphipods 3

3.

Hippolyte pleuracantha 2

4.

Isopods 2

Total 11

104 TABLE Illi Station 10 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES ON THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL Group:

Numbers / 20 x 20 cm Pfug POLYCHAETES TABLE IV MACROSCOPIC ALGAE IN GRASS BED 1.

Cirritormia filigera 9

ALONG PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL 2.

Glycera americana 2

3.

Spionidae 2

Group:

Relative Abundance 4.

ClymeneIIe mucosa 2

5.

Capitellidae 1

CHLOROPHYTA 6.

Onuphis eremita oculats 1

7.

Notomastas sp.

1 Halimeda incrassata Common 8.

Spiophenss bombyx 1

Caulerpa ashmendil Common 9.

Prionospio sp.

1 Caulerpa prolifera

10. Syllidae 1

Penicillus capitatus Common Penicillus lamourouxil Total 21 Anadyomene stellata Acetabularla crenulata MOLLUSCS Udotea conglutinata 1.

Turbonilla dalli 3

PHAEOPHYTA 2.

Tectonatica pusilla 2

3.

Anachis obesa 1

Sargassum pteropleuron 4.

Nucluana concentrica 5

5.

Lucine sp.

2 RHODOPHYTA 6.

Tellina sp.

2 7.

Laevicardium mortoni 1

Laurencia poltel Very cor..non, some-8.

Dentalium laquaetum 1

times completely covering large areas Total 17 of grass.

Spyridia filamentosa CRUSTACEANS Chondria collinslana Digenia simplex Very common with 1.

Amphipoda 3

Laurencia potel 2.

Isopoda 1

Hypnea musciformis 3.

Caridean shrimp (Juveniles) 1 Polysiphonia echinata Common, usually as an epiphyte. Larger Total 5

plants probably break off.

SIPUNCULOIDEA CYANOPHYTA

- Unidentified species 1

Lyngbya semiplena in turfs in shallow ECHlUROlD water Diplanthera beds.

Unidentified species 1

CHAETEGNATHA Unidentified species 1

j RYNCHOCOELA t

Unidentified species I

105 TABLE Yb FAUNA STATION 9 FROM A 15 METER TRAWL ALONG THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL TABLEVa Group:

Relative Abundance FAUNA STATION 5 FROM A 15 METER TRAWL ALONG THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL POLYCHAETES Glycera americana Abundant Group:

Relative Abundance Pectinaria gouldii Abundant Lumbrineris sp.

Abundant POLYCHAETES Nereis succinea Common

~

Nereis succines Abundant Owenia fusiformis Common Syllidae Abundant Pista palmata Common Fabricia Abundant Clymenella mucosa Common Spirorbis spirillum Abundant Laeonereis culverl Common SabeII.n microphthalma Common Nereiphylla paretti Common Polydora sp.

Common Sabellariidae Present LumbrIneris sp.

Common Scoloplos fragilis Present MOLLUSCS Glycera dibranchiata Present Modulus modulus Abundant Onuphis eremita oculata Present Mittella lunata Abundant Scoloplos rubra Present RIssolna catesbyana Abundant Naineris sp.

Present Caecum pulchellum Abundant Nereidae Present Meloceras nitidum Abundant Sigationidae Present Nassarius viber Common Orbiniidae present Anachis semiplicata Common Phyllodocidae Present Cerithium muscarum Common Eteone sp.

Present Terebra proterta Common MOLLUSCS MargineIIe sureocincta Common Tectonatica pusilla Abundant BIttlum varium Common Prunum spicinum Abundant Marginella eburneola Common Mittella lunata Abundant Cerithiopsis bicolor Common Bittium varium Common Prunum aplcinum Common Crepidula plana Common Turbonilla sp.

Present Crepidula maculosa Common Certhlopsis greeni Present Haminosa succinea Common Cardita floridana Abundant Lucina sp.

Abundant Chione cancellata Common Nuctuana concentrica Abundant Laevicardium mortoni Common Musculus lateralis Common Telina sp.

Common Lima pellucida Common Lloberus castaneus Present Tellina sp.

Common CRUSTACEANS Chione cancellata Common Hippolyte pleuracantha Abundant Trachycardium egmontlanum Common Penaeus duorerum Present Lyonsla hyalina floridana Common Palaemonetes Intermedius Present Laevicardium mortoni Common Palaemonetes puglo Prese:u Dinocardium robustum Uncommon s

Palaemon floridanus Present Cuspidarla gemma Uncommon Tozeuma carolinensis Present Dentallum laqueatum Common Amphipods Present CRUSTACEANS Eurypanopeus depressus Abundant Tozeuma carolinensis Abundant ECH(URUID Hippo!yte pleuracantha Abundant Unidentified species Common Perictemenes longicaudatus Abundant ECHINODERMS Lareutes fucorum Common Lytechinus verlegatus Common Trachypenaeus constrictus Common

. FISH (juveniles)

Palsemonetes intermedius Present Lagodon rhomboldes 117 Processa sp.

Present Gobiosome robustum 17 Mysids Present Syngnathus scovelli 2

Amphipods Present Chasmodes saburrae 1

Isopods Present Hippocampus sp.

1 Persephona punctata Present Osachile tuberosa Present Eurypanopeus depressus Present FISH (juveniles)

Bairdiella chrysura 14 Cynoscion nebulosus 4

Syngnathas floridae 3

Prionotus tribulus crassiceps 1

106 TABLE VI SPECIES LISTING OF INVERTEBRATES FOUND ALONG THE PROPOSED OUTFALL CHANNEL POLYCHAETES MOLLUSCS CRUSTACEANS Brania sp.

Anachis obesa Alpheus heterochaelis Capitella capitata Anachis semiplicata Amphipoda Capitellidae Battilaria minima Caridean shrimp (juveniles unidentified)

Cirritormia filigera Bittlum varium Clibanarius vittatus Clymenella mucosa Bulla striata Cyathura polita Dlopatra cuprea Cerithiopsis bicolor Eurypanopeus depressus Eteone sp.

Cerithiopsis greeni Hippolyte pleurocantha Eu;omatus sp.

Cerithium muscarum Isopoda Exogone dispar Conus laspideus Latreutes fucorum s

Fabricia sp.

Crepidula fornicata Libinia emarginata Glycera americana Crepidula maculosa Mysids (for Mysidea or Mysidacea)

Glycera dibranchlata Crepidula plana Neopanope %xana Hypsicomus sp.

Eupleura sJlCidentata OstraCoda Laeonereis sp.

Heminoea succinea Paguristes hummi Laeonerels culverl Littorina irrorata Pagurus bonairensis Lumbrineridae Magelia biplicata Pagurus floridanus Lumbrineris sp.

Marginella sp.

Palaemonetes intermedius Magelonidae Marginella aureocincta Palaemonetes pugio Naineris sp.

Marginella eburneola Penaeus duorarum Nereldae sp.

Meioceras nitidium Periclimenes longicaudatus Nerel phylla paretti Melampus bidentatus Pitho sp.

Nereis succinea Mittella lunata Processa sp.

Notomastus sp.

Monoilispira leucocyma Tozeuma carolinense Notomastus latericeus Nassarius vibex Trachypeneus constrictus Onuphis eremita oculata Olivella mutica Trachypeneus similis Onuphis magna Prunum apicinum Uca pugilator Orbin!idae Pyramidella crenulata Owenia fusiformis Refusa sulcata MEROSTOMATA Paraprionospio pinnata Rissoins catesbyana Limulus polyphemus Pectinaria gouldil Tectonatica pusilla Phyllodocidae Terebra protexta BRACHIOPODA Pista palmata Turbonilla dalli Glottidia sp.

Polydora sp.

Anadara transversa Prionospio sp.

Anomalocardia cuneimeris ECHIURIDA Sabellidae Argopecten irradians concentricus Unidentified species Sabella microphthalma Brachiodontes exustus Sabellariidae Cardiomys sp.

PHORONIDA Scoloplos sp.

Cardita floridana Phoronis architecta l

Scoloplos fragills Chione cancellata Scoloplos rubra Cuspidaria gemma SIPUNCULOIDEA Sigalionidae Dinocardium robustum Unidentified species Spionidae Dosinia discus Sphrosyllis sp.

Ensis minor CHAETOGNATHA Spiophanes bombyx Laevicardium mortoni Unidentified species Spirorbis spirillum Lima pellucida Syllidae Lloberus castaneus RHYNCHOCOELA Terebellidae Lucina amlantus Unidentified species Typosyllis Lucina sp.

Macoma sp.

ECHINODERMS Musculus lateralis Lytechinus variegatus Nucluana concentrica Ophioderma brevispinum Phacoides nassula Ophiophragmus filograneus Phacoides nuttaill Tagelus divisus ASCIDIAN Tellidora cristata Styela plicata Tellina sp.

Tellina tampeensis Trachycardium egmontianum Dentalium laquestum Acanthochitona sp.

Ischnochitin papillosus 1

1 107 T

(

1 f

"~

0 x&

(- :v se>3 as p

i o, '

in b

...... t 1

,[

\\

e aj)

(

\\

)

h

\\..

=.=-

N 7fj.

q1

-1

-- ca,

,7

?

4 i

j':: S y

.y 1

c i

/

[~

/

Figure 1 Anclote Anchorage and location of the proposed discharge canal for the Florida Power Anclote River Generating Plant.

(,,,.)8'

,/

o

(~.~/

i n

.:=,\\, - - u 12i W'

/

e' ~

/

h,'.,

/,,

p _.

t 1

I i

1 Mile j

O o

rhk

- 1f 4

1D% g

,%'y Figure 2. Benthic samplinI stations along the proposed discharge canal.

108 5

A M

P L I N

C S

T A T I O N

S 1 2 3 4 5

6 7

g 9

10 mean 0

g tide I

so$1 i

4 I

I 5

S 2 _

i a

l 43 l

3 j

i e

i i

e i

i i

,i e

i i

O 61 122 183 244 305 366 427 488 544 60s 670 731 732 853 914 975 1036 1097 1158 1219 Distance from shore (meters)

Figure 3. Sampling stations and bottom profile along the proposed discharge canal.

0 i

e

\\

e 1

j I

4

'7 8

8 8

3 0

?

e a

3 g

a N hl 5

~5 h5 f

3 2 l

z,a ls:

F a

s:

a l

y5

=

a 1 1,

1, e

E

-mia E

Ed 6

UN NE6 E

3 m

i e

i i

i i

i i

i i

i e

i i

e ii.

0 61 122 183 244 305 366 427 488 549 609 670 731 792 853 914 975 1036 1097 1158 12 Distance from shore (meters)

Figure 4. Major biological zones as they occur along the proposed discharge canal.

u 109 Vill GISi:nDui:100 lalS:

u a

j aj

- I

+4-

,s.

4, 4

._,,.--.,.,y4,

110 FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT DISTRIBUTION LIST' STATE GOVERNMENT Mr. Vincent D. Patton Executive Director Mr. William Beck, Jr.

Department of Pollution Control Chief Biologist Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Bureau of Sanitary Engineering 315 South Calhoun Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Tallahassee, Florida 32303 P. O. Box 210 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Mr. David H. Levin, Chairman Department of Pollution Contml Mr. Sidney A. Berkowitz, Director Governor's Office Bureau of Sanitary Engineering Capitol Building Depart. nnt of Health and Rehabilitative Services Tallahassee, Florida 32304 P. O. Box 210 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Mr. David H. Scott Director, Division of Pfanning Mr. D. A. Brown Department of Pollution Control Department of Florida Air and Water Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Pollution Control 315 South Calhoun l

Suite 400. Tallahassee Bank Building Tallahassee, Florida 32303 315 South Calhoun Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Mr. K. K. Huffstutter i

Chief, Bureau of Surveillance Dr. O. E. Frye, Jr., Director Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission Suite 300, Tallahassee Building Farris Bryant Building 315 South Calhoun 620 South Merldlan Street Tallahassee, Florida 32303 Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Representative A. S. " Jim" Robinson Mr. Randolph Hodges Florida House of Representatives Executive Director 1600 Park Street North Deoartment of Natural Resources St. Petersburg, FPrida 33710 i

Larson Buildinc l

Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Senator Jerry Thomas First Marine Bank and Trust Company Mr. Robert M. Ingle. Director Riviera Beach, Florida 33404 Dureau of Marine Research and Technology l

Divis!on of Marine Resources Mr. Allen G. Burdett l

Department of Natural Resources Marine Biologist I

Larson Building Survey and Management Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Department of Natural Resources Room 540 Mr. Wallace P. Johnson 525 Mirror Lake Dr.

Division of Health St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services P. O. Box 6635 Mr. Larry R. Shanks Orlando, Florida 32803 Division of Game and Fresh Water Fish Department of Natural Resources Mr. Edwin A. Joyce, Assistant Director P. O. Box 1840 Marine Research Laboratory Vero Beach, Florida 32960 Bureau of Marine Research and Technology Division of Marine Resources Mr. W. E. Linne Department of Natural Resourses Chief, Bureau of Permits P. O. Drawer F Department of Pollution Control St. Petersburg, Florida 33731 Suite 300. Tallahassee Building 315 South Calhoun Dr. C. L Nayfield. Administrator Tallahassee, Florida 32303 Radiological and Occupational Health Service Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services Mr. R. Maloy P. O. Box 210 Regional Engineer Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Department of Air and Water Pollution Control 618 East South Street Summerlin Center, Sulta 3 Orlando, Florida 32801

,ww-

111 Mr. Dale Walker Senator John T. Ware Fishery Biologist Security Federal Building Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission 2600 9th Street North P. O. Box 1840 St. Petersburg. Florida 33704 Vero Beach, Florida 32960 Senator Harold S. Wilson Mr. Phil Edwards, Chemist 607 Court Street Fisheries Research Laboratory Clearwater, Florida 33516 P. O. Box 1903 Eustis, Florida 32726 Representative Jack Murphy P. O. Box 4239 Mr. James K. Lewis Clearwater, Florida 33518 Director of Staff Environmental Pollution Control Committee Representative John J. Savage House of Representatives P. O. Box 8063 Room 217, Holland Building St. Petersburg, Florida 33738 Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Representative Roger H. Wilson Senator Ray C. Knophe 17 - 37th Street South 4207 E. Lake Avenue St. Petersburg, Florida 33711 Tampa, Florida 33610 -

Representative Donald R. Crane, Jr.

Senator W. D. Childers Suite 112,3500 Building P. O. Dox 3327 3530 First Avenue North Pensacola, Florida 32506 St. Petersburg, Florida 33713 Senator Warren S. Henderson Representative Dennis Mcdonald P. O. Box 3888 Suite 636 Sarasota, Florida 33578 300 31st Street North Senator W. E. Bishop 28 East Duval Street Representative William H. Fleece Lake City, Florida 32055 P. O. Box 13209 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Senator C. Welborn Daniel P. O. Drawer 189 Representative Guy Spicola Clerrnont, Florida 32711 725 E. Kennedy Boulevard Tampa, Florida 33602 Senator John L. Ducker 205 East Jackson Street Representative Robert C. Hector Orlando Florida 32801 110 N.E.179th Street Senator Bob Saunders P. O. Box 849 Representative Joseph F. Chapman, Ill Gainesville, Florida 32601 412 Magnolia Avenue Senator D. Robert Graham 14045 N.W. 67th Avenue Representative Jack Burke, Jr.

Miami Lakes, Florida 33014 P. O. Box 697 Senator Frederick B. Karl 501 North Grandview Representative John R. Forbes Daytona Beach, Florida 32020 341 E. Bay Street Jacksonville, Florida 32202 1

Senator Lew Brantley Brantley Sheet Metal Company Representative Harry Westberry 422 Copeland Street P. O. Box 1620 l

Jacksonville, P:,,rfde 32204 Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Senator Edmond J. Gong Representative Ray Mattox 1

1117 First National Bank Building P. O. Box 917 Miami, Florida 33131 Winter Haven, Florida 33881 Senator Henry B. Sayler Representative Edward J. Trombetta 333 31st Street North 1990 E. Sunrise Boulevard St. Petersburg, Floride M713 Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304 Senator Richard J. Deeb Representative Walter W. Sackett, Jr.

5675 5th Avenue North 2500 Coral Way St. Petersburg, Florida 33710 Miami, Florida 33145 Representative Tom Tobiassen 811 Woodbine Drive Pensacola, Florida 32503

112 Representative Lewis S. Earle Mr. Ney Landrum, Director 255 N. Lakemont Avenue Florida Department of Natural Resources Winter Park, Florida 32789 Recreation and Parks Room 613. Larson Building Representative Mary R. Grizzle Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Room 505, Coachman Building 503 Cleveland Street Mr. Fred Vir22es, Director Land Management Clearwater, Florida 33515 Board of Trustees,TilF Elliott Building Representative Ed S. Whitson, Jr.

401 S. Monroe 309 S. Garden Avenue Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Clearwater, Florida 33516 Mr. J. Kuperberg Representative F. Eugene Tubbs Executive Director, TilF 925 Barton Boulevard Elliott Building Suite 1 401 S. Monroe Rockledge, Florida 32952 Tallahassee, Florida 323C5 Representative Joel K. Gustafson Mr. James Apthorp 1636 S.E.12th Court Senior Executive Assistant to Governor Fort Lauderda:e, Florida 33316 The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Representative Tommy Stevens 40"; E. Cnurch Avenue Mr. John Ketteringham Dade C;ty, Florida 33525 Acting Regional Engineer 4441 Emerson Street Representative John R. Cu! breath Jacksonville, Florida 32207 Route 4, Box 70 Brooksvlife, Florida 33512 Mr. Giles L Evans, Jr., Manager The Canal Authority of the State of Florida Representative Richard S. Hodes 803 Rosselle Street 620 Stovall Buildir.3 Jacksonville, Flonda 32204 305 Morgan Street Tampa, Florida 33602 Mr. R. E. McNeill Regional Engineer Representative Ted Randell Florida Department of Pollution Control P. O. Box 1668 P. O. Box 944 Fort Myers, Florida 33902 Winter Haven, Florida 33881 Representative A. H. Craig Representative W. L Gibson P. O. Drawer 99 1432 Knollwood Cir.

St. Augustine, Florida 32084 Orlando. Florida 32804 Representative W. E. Fulford Mr. J. E. Burgess P. O. Box 1226 Staff Director, CommPtee on Natural Resources Orfando, Florida 32802 House of Representatives Room 222. Holland Building Representative Richard A. Petti;;rew Tallahassee, Florida 32304 740 Ingraham Building Miami, Florida 33131 Mr. Dale Twachtmann. Executive Director Governing Board of the Commissioner Southwest Florida Water Management District Fish and Wildlife Service P. O. Box 457 Environmental Protection Agency Brooksvlife. Florida 33512 Washington, D. C. 20240 Mr. Harmon Shields Regional Director Director, Marine Resources National Marine Fisheries Services Department of Natural Resources Federal Building Room 526. Larson Building St. Petersburg, Ficrida 33733 Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Mr. C. Edward Carlson Mr. J. V. Sollohub, Director Regional Director i

Division of Interior Resources Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Larson Building Room 833 l

Tallahassee, Florida 07304 Peachtree-Seventh Building Atlanta, Georgia 30323

113 Mr. David Dominick Mr. J. R. Thoman Assistant Administrator, Categorical Programs Director, Southeast Region Environmentas Protection Agency Federal Water Quality Administration 633 Indiana Avenue N.W.

Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D. C. 20240 Suite 300 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.

Mr. W. S. Eisenberg, Jr., Chief Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Navigation Section. Engineering Division U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville Mr. Ronald I Estes P. O. Box 4970 Federal Water Quality Administration Jacksonville, Florida 32201 Southeast Water Laboratory Athens, Georgia 30601 Colonel Avery S. Fullerton, Chief U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville Mr. Parker E. M'ller P. O. Box 4970 President's Water Pollution Control Advisory Board Jacksonville, Florida 32201 301 Redington Reef 16400 Gulf Boulevard Dr. Raymond E. Johnson, Assistant Director Redington Beach, Florida 33708 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife U. S. Department of interior Mr. James E. Sykes, Director Washington, D. C. 20240 Biological Laboratory National Marine Fisheries Services Mr. Gordon E. Kerr 75 33 Avenue Executive Secretary St. Petersburg Beach, Florida 33706 Federal Water Pollution Control Ac'visory Board Department of the Interior Mr. Harold L Price Washington, D. C. 20240 Director of Regulations United States Atomic Energy Commission Mr. Reinhold W. Thieme Washington, D. C. 20545 Office of Assistant Administrator for Standards and Enforcement and General Counsel Director Environmental Protection Agency Division of Reactor Licensing Washington, D. C. 20460 United States Atomic Energy Commission Washington, D. C. 20545 Mr. Gail G. Gren Chief of Operations Mr. Roy B. Snapp U. S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville Attorney at Law P. O. Box 4070 Bechoefer, Snapp & Trippe Jacksonville. Florida 32201 Suite 512 1725 K Street N.W.

Nuclear Facilities Branch Washington, D. C. 20006 Division of Environmental Radiation U. S. Public Health Service Dr. Joseph A. Lieberman 1901 Chapman Avenue Assistant Administrator, Office of Radiation Programs Rockville, Maryland 20853 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D. C. 20204 Mr. Roger O. Olmstead Regional Shellfish Consultant Mr. John T. Middleton PHS FDA-Shellfish Sanitation Branch Air Pollution Control Office 60 E'anth Street Northeast U. S. Environmental Protective Agency Atlanta, Georgia 30309 Washington, D. C. 20204 Mr H. Richard Payne U. S. Representative C. W. Young Oftce of Water Programs 1721 Longworth House Office Building Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D. C. 20515 1421 Peachtree St. N.E.

Atlanta. Georgic 30309 U. S. Senator Lawton Chiles Senate Office Building Mr. Stan Reither Washington, D. C. 20510 ADXP Armament Development and Test Center Eglin Air Force Base, Fiorida 32542 M

" B' C

rU Dr. Theodore R. Rice, Director Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Center for Estuarine and Menhaden Research Hudson River Fishery investigations National Marine Fisheries Service P. O. Box J Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 Cornwall, New York 12518

114 Mr. George R. McCall Mr. C!yde S. Conover Healtn Phvileist District Chief Pine:lu County Health Department United States Department of interior P. O. Box 3242 Geological Survey St. Petersburg. Florida 33731 Water Resources Division 903 W. Tennessee Street Tallahassee, Florida 32304 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE. FLORIDA 32601 Dr. A. G. Everett U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Dr. W. Emmett Bolch Washington. D. C. 20460 Department of Environmental Engineering Mr. Frank T. Carlson Dr. William E. Carr U. S. Department of the Interior Department of Biology Washington, D. C. 20240 Dr. Charles E. Roessler Environmental Protection Agency Department of Radiology Office of Air Programs University of Florida Medical Center Reference Library Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 Dr. Morton Smutz, Dean of Research Mr. Nathaniel P. Reed College of Engineering Assistant Secretary Dr. Samuel C. Snedaker U. S. Department of the Interior Department of Environmental Engineering Washington. D. C. 20240 Dr. Robert E. Uhrig, Dean CITY AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS College of Engineering Honorable George C. Tsourakis Dr. M. J. Ohanian Department of Nuclear Engineering Sciences Mayor City of Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Dr. E. E. Pyatt Honorable Leonard A. Damron Department of Environmental Engineering Mayor Dr. Howard T. Odum City of Crystal River, Florida 32629 Chairman, Citrus County Commissioners Courthouse Square Dr. C.1. Eigerd inverness, Floriou 32650 Department of Electrical Engineering Chelrman. Pinellas County Commissioners Dr. Jackson L Fox County Office Building Department of Environmental Engineering 315 Haven Street Clearwater, Florida 33516 Dr. Ariel Lugo Departmentof Botany Chairman, Pasco County Commissioners County Courthouse Dr. David Anthony 14 East Meridian Avenue Department of Botsny Dade City Florida 33525 Honorable William F. Gray UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA (a

w ort Richey Dr. Ronald C. Baird 117 West Main Street Marine Science Institute New Port Richey, Florida 33552 Honorable John H. Durney Dr. Kendali L Carder Marine Science institute Mayor Port Richey P. O. Box 127 Dr. Thomas L Hopkins Port Richey, Florida 33568 Marine Science institute Honorable Everett Hougen Dr. Harold J. Humm. Director Mayor Marine Science institute Clearwater City of Clearwater Dr. Thomas E. Pyle P. O. Box 4748 Marine Science Institute Clearwater, Florida 33518 Mr. Dave Wallace Marine Science Institute

115 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA Mr. James Walker TAMPA, FLORIDA 33620 Staff Writer Tampa Tribune Dr. Unus A. Scott 507 East Kennedy Boulevard College of Engineering Tampa, Flonda 33601 Dr. John Betz Mr. J. L. Beardsley Department of Biology Editor Clearwater Sun Dr. Joseph L Simon 301 South Myrtle Avenue Assistant Professor Clearwater, Florida 33517 Department of Biology Mr. Nelson Poynter Dr. Bernard E. Ross Chairman of the Board Department of Structures. Materials and Fluids St. Petersburg Times College of Engineering P. O. Box 1121 St. Petersburg, Florida 33731 UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI Mr. George Bopp, General Manager KEY BISCAYNE, FLORIDA 33149 New Port Richey Press 117 Missouri Avenue Dr. Donald P. de Sylva New Port Richey, Florida 33552 Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science New Port Richey Chronical Dr. Martin Roessler General Manager Rosentiet School of Marine and Atmospheric Science P. O. Box 875 Professor Arthur Marshall Center for Urban Studies Tarpon Springs Leader Environmental Sciences Mr. David Carpenter, Publisher 5225 Ponce de Leon 11 East Orange Street University of Miami Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Coral Gables, Florida 33149 Suncoast Sentinel Mr. John Michel Mr. William H. Dyer, Publisher Rosentiel School of Matine and Atmospheric Science Crystal River, Florida 32629 Dr. Harding B. Owre Citrus County Chronical Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Mr. David Arthurs. Editor inverness. Florida 32650 Dr. Michael R. Reeve Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Tarpon Springs Herald Mr. George Raynard, Publisher 27 East Orange Street FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA 32306 Dr. Paul A. LaRock INDUSTRY Department of Oceanography ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS INCORPORATED BOX 12248, ST. PETERS 8URG, FLORIDA 33733 Dr. Shirley Taylor Office of Environmental Affairs Mr. Donald C. Colbert Manager Space instrumentation Dr. Robert J. Uvingston Department of Biological Sciences Mr. Paul G. Hansel. Vice President Research and Engineering Dr. Anthony Llewellyn Acting Dean Mr. M. S. Klein School of Engineering Sciences Vice President, Marketing INDUSTRY PRESS Mr. R. J. Gardner Mr. Thad Lowry Executive Assistant Radio Station WGUL Florida Power & Light Company New Port Richey, Florida 33552 P. O. Box 3100 Miami, Florida 33101 St. Petersburg Times Dr. Perry W. Gilbert Box 1121 Executive Director St. Petersburg, Florida 33733 Mote Marine Laboratory j

9501 Blind Pass Road i

Sarascta Florida 33578 l

l

116 Dr. Morton 1. Goldman Mr. Ray L Lyerty Vice President, NUS Corporation Southern Nuclear Engineering, Inc.

2351 Research Boulevard P. O. Box 10 Rockville, Maryland 20850 Dunedin, Florida 36628 Mr. J. D.' Hicks, Vice President Mr. Norman W. Arnold Tampa Electric Company Project Manager P. O. Box 111 South Florida Regional Airport Site Selection Study Tampa, Florida 33601 Howard, Needles, Tammen and Bergendoff Consulting Engineers Mr. Stan Lewis P. O. Box 2095, AMF Branch District Mana r Miami, Flonda 33159 General Tele one Company Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Mr. Hendrik P. Konig Philadelphia Electric Company Mr. E. L Addison 9th and Sansom Street Vice President Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 Gulf PowerCompany P. O. Box 1151 Pensacola, Florida 32505 INDMDUALS Dr. J. H. Wright. Director Mr. John Bankston. Executive Secretary Environmental Systems Departe.ent Suncoast Active Volunteers for Ecology Westinghouse Electric Corporation-Power Systems P. O. Box 4881 P. O. Box 355 Clearwater, Florida 33518 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 Mrs. Harold Dubendorff, President Dr. R. H. Brooks, Manager Suncoast Active Volunteers for Ecology Aquatic Systems Group P. O. Box 4881 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Clearwater, Florida 33518 Power Systems P. O. Box 355 Mrs. Marty Farman Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Seminar 1965 Sunset Point Road Mr. J. H. Gibbons, Director Clearwater, Florida 33515 Environmental Quality Study Project Oak Ridge National Laboratory Mr. Lyman E. Rogers Union Carbide Corporation Conservation 70's Nuclear Division c/o Rogers Sharpe Associates P. O. Box X P. O. Box 421 Oak Ridge, Tennessee s/830 Ocala, Florida 32670 Mr. D. C. Zensen Mr. R. P. Bender /Mr. D. L Payne Assistant to Vice President and State of Texas Water Quality Board Director New Venture Management 3801 Kirby Road Ralston Purina Company Houston, Texas 77006 Checkerboard Square St. Louis, Missouri 63199 Dr. John Hopkins University of West Florida Dr. T. E. Owen, Manager Pensacola, Florida 32504 Earth Science Applications Departn.ent of Electronic Systems Research Mr. Milo A. Churchi!!, Cnief Southwest Research Institute Water Quality Branch 850 Culebra Road Tennessee Valley Authority San Antonio, Texas 78228 Chattanooga, Tennessee 37402 Mr. Walter M. Stevens Dr.Joseoh A. Mihursky Georgia Power Company Natural Resources Institute 270 Peachtree Street University of Maryfand Atlanta, Georgia 303C3 Hallowing Point Field Station, Maryland Mr. W. L Reed, Vice President Dr. B. J. Copeland Southern Services. Inc.

Department of Zoology B;rmingham, Alabama 35226 North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27504 Mr. G. J. Neumaier, President Dr. E. Gus Fruh L

Ecology and Environment, Inc.

1122 Union Road Assistant Professor West Seneca. New York 14224 Engineering Laboratory, Building 305 Umversity of Texas j

Mr.CharlesI Steel Austin, Texas 78701 Director of Public Affairs l

Arkansas Power & Ught Company Uttle Rock, Arkansas 72203

Mr. P. J. Purcell Mr. H. E. Dunphy Marine Science Station Executive Assistant for Public Affairs P. O. Box 1258 Crystal River, Florida 32629 Mr. K. E. Fenderson. Jr.

Director of Advertising & Publicity Dr. Frank Juge Assistant Dean Mr. D.1. Flynn College of Natural Sciences Superintendent-Crystal River Plant Florida Technological University Box 25000 Mr. John Gleason Orlando, Florida 32816 Vice President Customer Operations Colonel D. M. Jacques Mr. B. L Griffin 211 Harbor View Lane Assistant Vice President Harbor Bluffs Largo, Florida 33540 Mr. H. F. Hebb, Jr.

Vice President-System Engineering Mr. John C. Curry Chairman. Joint investigative Committee Mr. Andrew H. Hines, Jr.

Box 1172 Executive Vice President Tarpon Springs, Florida 33589 Mr. L D. Hurley Dr. Richard W. Englehart District Manager P. O. Box 1498 inverness, Florida

$25 Lancaster Avenue Reading, Pennsylvania 19603 Mr. W. C. Johnson Public Information Officer Mr.Will Becker Tenth District Environmental Improvement Chairman Mr. N. G. Karay Clearwater Florida Jaycees District Manager 2420 U. S.19 North Tarpon Springs, Florida Clearwater, Florida 33515 Mr. G. W. Marshall Mr. E. C. Keller. Jr.

Production Superintendent Department of Biology West Virginia University Mr. H. E. Milton Morgantown, West Virgina 26506 District Manager New Port Richey, Florida FLORIDA POWER CORPORATION Mr. A. J. Ormston P. O. BOX 14042

• • • " *'d*"' ~ " **'

ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA 33733 Mr. A. P. Perez Mr. S. A. Brandimore ont Vice President and General Counsel Mr. M. H. Phillips Mr. H. L Bennett District Manager Director of Generation Construction St. Petersburg, Florida Dr. H. W. Carter Mr. R. E. Raymond Chief Medical Officer Senior Vice President System Engin3ering & Operations Mr. S. R. Coley District Manager Mr. J. T. Rodgers Clearwater, Florida Assistant Vice President Generation Engineering and Construction Mr. C. R. Collins Mr. R. L Sirmons Division Manager Suncoast Division Director-Public Affairs Mr. O. H. Ware a n i

M General Superintendent-Crystal River Plant Central Diviflon Ocala. Florida

-