ML053620056

Draft SEIS---Chapter 2 Website Documentation

ML053620056
Person / Time
Site:	Brunswick
Issue date:	12/16/2005
From:	Carolina Power & Light Co
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
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Download: ML053620056 (707)

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Cetacean Fact Packs - American Cetacean Sociel CAe iPageAcIC CtCi*'-l I of 3 oi 2=j HOMEIl EDUCATION l ISSUES l - WHALE WA ABOUT ACS l HOW TO HELP l SITE MAP l

                                                                                                *  *-*,4
                               ... they're not saved ye cetacean Fact Packs                                            MAILORDER FACT PACKS   CURRICULUM  INTERACTIVElJOINACSl Spanish Cetaceansare comprised of about 80 kinds of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. The word cetacean is derived from the Latin "cetus" (a large sea animal) and the Greek "kEtos" (sea monster). We say "about 80" i:>2 FACT SHEETS                       because the number keeps changing as scientists learn more about these AVAILABLE ONLINE                    elusive animals and have had to reclassify some and add more. Cetaceans BAIRD'S BEAKED WHALE               range from human-         -.

BELUGA WHALE sized to larger than the BLUE WHALE largest dinosaur. On the BOTO (Amazon River Dolphin) BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN small side, we have the BOWHEAD WHALE vaquita porpoise and BRYDE'S WHALE the franciscana dolphin, COMMON DOLPHIN at under 6 feet in length CUVIERFS BEAKED WHALE DALL'S PORPOISE

                                          & around 100 pounds.

FIN WHALE The blue whale is the FRANCISCANA largest animal on the GRAY WHALE Earth, averaging around HARBOR PORPOISE HUMPBACK WHALE 100 feet & and KILLER WHALE (Orca) weighing over 100 tons (200,000 pounds). These magnificent creatures MINKE WHALE have fascinated people for centuries, but little is known about them NARWHAL because they spend most of their time underwater. Usually people only get ORCA (Killer Whale) PACIFIC WHITE-SIDED to see them when they return to the surface to breathe. DOLPHIN PILOT WHALE The American Cetacean Society has prepared Whale and Dolphin Fact PYGMY RIGHT WHALE PYGMY SPERM WHALE Packs that contain concise information about selected whales and RIGHT WHALE dolphins on Fact Sheets. Each Sheet provides information on one species, RISSO'S DOLPHIN including distribution map, feeding, natural history, current status, physical SEI WHALE SPERM WHALE description, biology and behavior. Experts in the fields of marine biology SPINNER DOLPHIN and marine mammal research have SPOTTED DOLPHIN reviewed all Fact Sheets for accuracy. The Fact Packs provide sufficient

        ,        FACT SHEET                                                  information for teachers to prepare PICTURE MENUS                                                         their own instructional units about DOLPHINS & PORPOISES (200k)                                                    whales or cam be used as an adjunct to LARGER WHALES (100k)                                                  the Cetacean Curriculum. Students can SMALLER WHALES (100k)                                                  use them to complete reports or papers.

Each Fact Sheet also includes a bibliography for additional research.

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Cetacean Fact Packs - American Cetacean Society Page 2 of 3 ACS grants permission to copy the ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Sheets provided they are distributed without charge, are used for BIBLIOGRAPHY educational purposes, and are not altered in any way. BREATH CHART DOLPHINS vs PORPOISES GLOSSARY Two Fact Packs are available. Each Fact Pack costs $5.25 plus shipping LINKS and handling. Use the Sales Order Form to order Fact Packs. SIZE CHART TAXONOMY WHALE PARTS The ACS Dolphin Fact Pack The ACS Whale Fact Pack contains: contains: 4 V 11 species sheets 5 17 species sheets

                                                  - bottlenose dolphin                   v Baird's beaked whale u> boutu (Amazon River                o beluga whale dolphin)                          c> blue whale a> common dolphin                      o bowhead whale c> Dall's porpoise                    of Cuvier's beaked whale e> franciscana                          - fin whale ca harbor porpoise                     c> gray whale c killer whale (orca)                  4>   humpback whale o Pacific white-sided Dolphin          o    killer "whale" (orca -

e Risso's Dolphin dolphin) o spinner dolphin o minke whale o spotted dolphin o narwhal o pygmy right whale

                                           ?       3 subject sheets                     o    pilot "whale" (dolphin) 4w Whales, Dolphins &                   -w  pygmy sperm whale Porpoises                         o    right whale wAbout Dolphins (Richard              v    sei & Bryde's whales Ellis)                            o    sperm whale 4> Small Cetaceans-the Forgotten Whales             f"PI    4 subject sheets
                                                                                        .> Jojoba
                                           ?P 6 How-to-Draw-a-Dolphin                   .>Krill sheets

• Whale Product Substitutes e bottlenose dolphin c> Whale Comparison Chart o boutu (Amazon River dolphin)  ?^ 5 How-to-Draw-a-Whale C> common dolphin sheets

                                                 -a Dall's porpoise                      whumpback whale e killer whale (orca)                     ' killer whale (orca) c> Pacific white-sided dolphin         o pilot whale a> narwhal
                                           ?'      bibliography                         esright whale
                                                                                    &     bibliography hft~n . Iurxxrltx,  anvnil-mno nrey/fIfnatv-1r/1flVI'f                                                             1nl,)71,onns

Cetacean Fact Packs - American Cetacean Society Page 3 of 3

                                                                                 -',  Whale Words (a glossary of terms) photos courtesy of Joanne Durocher, Linda Lewis, Nancy Black, Patty Geary, and Bernardo Alps, copyright C 2000-2003, all rights reserved last modifled:08121/2005 06:22:14 Copyright @ 2004,2005 American Cetacean Society, All Rights Reserved                                     email webmaster privacy policy                                                                                             website credits page notes                                                                                         artemiscomputlng.com how to contact ACS EMAIL ACS I American Cetacean Society protectingwhales, dolphins,porpoises, & their habitatsthrough education, conservation, & research since 1967 httnr//ujww neqnnline ArhfelnCk/1//0                                                                            10/27/2005~

Economic Imp act Study of the Progress Energy, Inc., Brunswick Nuclear Power Facility on North Carolina State Planning Region 0 by Claude Farrell Professor of Economics The University of North Carolina at Wilmington and William W. Hall, Jr. Professor of Economics The University of North Carolina at Wilmington October 2004 Research Project for Progress Energy, Inc.

Economic Impact Study of the Progress Energy, Inc., Brunswick Nuclear Facility on North Carolina State Planning Region 0 Executive Summary The Progress Energy, Inc., nuclear facility located in Brunswick County near Southport, North Carolina, has significant positive impacts on the four counties of Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, and Pender that comprise State Planning Region 0 in Southeastern North Carolina. The facility has impacts on gross output or income, employment, payrolls, self-employment income, property income, indirect business taxes, and local property taxes. The facility's impact on gross output or income in the four counties of Region o was almost $901 million in 2003, 14 percent of the value of total regional output in the four-county area. The facility supported 2,030 jobs (1.3 percent of total employment) and $88.4 million in payrolls in the region in 2003, with an annual average salary per job of $43,500. These jobs include jobs at the Brunswick facility and jobs supported by companies that supply and/or are supported by the facility's operations. The impact on self-employment income was $12.4 million. The impact on property income, viz., rents, dividends and interest, was $184.7 million. Indirect business tax collections, e.g., sales and excise taxes, attributed to the operation of the facility totaled $48.4 million. County property tax revenues attributable to facility were $8.1 million (3.7 percent of total collections on real property) with an implied real property tax base of $1,274.3 million (3.7 percent of the total tax base). Quite surprising is the magnitude of the nuclear facility's economic contributions in New Hanover and Pender Counties. In New Hanover County, the 2

facility supported approximately $352 million in total output. This is a little over 70 percent of the output effects in Brunswick County of $490 million. Pender County impacts are perhaps the most surprising. The nuclear facility supported 29 percent, almost one-third, of the total value of output for the entire county. The nuclear facility is one of the regional economy's major contributors. Prior to this report, little, if any was known about the facility's economic impact inside or outside of Brunswick County. It has been an unknown and, perhaps, at times, misunderstood and unappreciated, major asset to the four-county regional economy and will continue to be in the future. Also, not to be overlooked are Progress Energy's significant public service contributions associated with the nuclear facility. 3

.

Economic Impact Study of the Progress Energy, Inc., Brunswick Nuclear Facility on North Carolina State Planning Region 0 Introduction In July 2004, Progress Energy, Inc., (PGN) contracted with Dr. Claude Farrell and Dr. William W. Hall, Jr., economics professors at UNC Wilmington, to conduct a study of the impact that the facility had on the economy of the four counties of Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, and Pender in 2003. These four counties comprise State Planning Region 0 in Southeastern North Carolina. II. The Nature of an Economic Impact Study As the name implies, an economic impact study is conducted to estimate the impact that firms in a specific business sector have on the economy of the surrounding area. The impacts take several forms. The most obvious is the direct impact that measures payments made by the firms in that sector that flow directly into the local economy. These direct impacts include, but are not limited to, employee salaries and payments for raw materials and supplies. Beyond the direct impact, there are the indirect and induced impacts that reflect the "ripple effect" associated with the direct impact. These impacts are based on the "multiplier effect," an economics principle that provides an estimate of the total amount of spending that takes place, including the "ripple effect." Some proportion of every dollar received by employees and suppliers is re-spent in the local economy, i.e., initial sales are multiplied by some factor, and this recirculation generates additional income and revenue. The model used to estimate various measures of the economic impact on the four-county economy was developed using the IMPLAN ProfessionalTM for 4

Windows (Version 2.2) software.' This software is commonly used by business, government, and academic institutions to help develop economic impact analyses. III. The Study This study estimates the total economic impact - the sum of direct, indirect, and induced impacts - of the PGN Brunswick nuclear facility. All data are for 2003. The impacts that are calculated include those on output or income, employment, payrolls, gross or before-tax personal income, self-employment income, property income, indirect business taxes, and local property taxes. Personal income is income earned by city residents. Self-employment income is income earned by those self-employed in the City. Property income is income from such sources as rents, royalties, and dividends. Indirect business taxes include excise and sales taxes paid by individuals to businesses. The impact on county property tax collections, excluding any property taxes collected by the municipalities in the counties, is also calculated. IV. The Brunswick Nuclear Facility The Brunswvcll ni¶ll Ir plant is located on a 1,200 acre site near Southport, North Carolina, at i m1huMh of the Cape Fear River and is owned jointly by PGN (81.67%) and the r$ C strn Municipal Power Agency (18.33%). The plant is a dual-unit power plntth1t] as a combined capacity of approximately 1,770 megawatts, generagn electricity for approximately 1 million homes. The first nuclear plant it h Carolina, the Brunswick plant generates between 20 and 25 percent f ectricity produced for its customers in North and South Carolina. 5

The Brunswick units began commercial operation in November 1975 (Unit 2) and March 1977 (Unit 1). The Brunswick units are utilized as "base load" plants, operating at full power continuously except when maintenance or refueling activities are needed. V. The 2003 Impacts V.A. The RegionalImpacts Table 1 shows the 2003 impacts that were estimated for the Brunswick nuclear plant. As certain data are proprietary, only the total impacts, i.e., the sum of the direct, indirect, and induced impacts, are shown. All dollar figures are in 2003 dollars. Based on the data in Table 1, in 2003 the PGN Brunswick nuclear facility supported almost $901 million in output, 2,030 jobs, $100.8 million in personal income, $88.4 million in payrolls, $12.4 million in self-employment income, $184.7 million in property income, $48.4 million in indirect business taxes, and $8.1 million in county tax collections on real property." The property tax collections exclude any municipal collections. The implied real property tax necessary to generate these property tax collections was almost $1.3 billion. 6

Table 1 2003 Economic Impact of PqN Brunswick Nuclear Facility Operations on North Carolina State Pl nning Region O0 Impact Measure Impact Output $900.7 million Employment' I 2,030 Personal Income $100.8 million Payrolls $88.4 million Self-Employment Income $12.4 million Property Income $184.7 million Indirect Business Tax Collections $48.4 million County Property Tax Collections 3 $8.1 million Implied Real Property Tax Base 1,274.3 million Region 0 includes Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, and Pender Counties. 2 Employment includes employment at the PGN Brunswick nuclear facility and employment due to the "ripple effect." 3 This is a four-county total, excluding municipal collections. 4 The implied real property tax base is the tax base necessary to generate the associated property tax collections. Source: IMPLAN Model and Authors' Calculations. To place the above numbers in some perspective, total regional product or output in 2003 is estimated at $6.4 billion. Thus, the PGN Brunswick nuclear facility supported 14 percent of the value of total regional economic activity in 2003. Data from the North Carolina Employment Security Commission (ESC) indicate that average monthly employ ent in the four-county region over 2003 was 156,000. Thus, the nuclear facility supported 1.3 percent of total regional employment in 2003. ESC data also indicate an average annual salary across all sectors in the four-county region of $28,300 in 2003. Thus, the average annual salary supported by the nuclear facility of $43, 00 clculated by dividing payrolls by employment, was 53.5 percent above the all-sctor Average. Total property taxes on real property collected by the four counties, exclusive of municipal collections, was $215.8 million in FY 2003-2004. Thus, the nuclear facility supported 3.7 percent of these 7

collections. The implied real property tax base supported by the nuclear facility was also 3.7 percent of the value of all real property in the region. Table 2 shows the distribution of the output impact across selected sectors of the regional economy. Not surprisingly, the bulk of the impact (91 percent) is in the nuclear power facilities sector itself. Maintenance and repair services receive 1.7 percent of the impact. Real estate, home owners, and banking receive 0.5 percent of the impact each. Table 2 Distribution of the PGN Brunswick Nuclear Facility Output Impact in 2003 Sector Impact Nuclear Power Facilities $8193 million Maintenance and Repair Services $15.4 million Real Estate $5.1 million Home Owners $4.9 million Banking $4.5 million All Other Sectors $51.4 million Source: IMPLAN Model and Authors' Calculations. Table 3 shows the distribution of the employment impact across selected sectors of the regional economy. Not surprisingly, most of the employment impact (40 percent) is in the nuclear power facilities sector itself. Maintenance and repair services receive 13 percent of the impact. Eating and drinking places receive 5 percent of the impact, followed by miscellaneous retail outlets and food stores with 3 percent of the impact each. 8

Table 3 Distribution of the PGN Nuclear Facility Employment Impact in 2003 Sector Impact Nuclear Power Facilities 810 Maintenance and Repair Services 260 Eating and Drinking Places 100 Miscellaneous Retail Outlets 70 Food Stores 50 All Other Sectors 740 Source: IMPLAN Model and Authors' Calculations. V.B. The County Impacts This section estimates the impacts in each of the four counties comprising State Planning Region O.iv Table 4 provides the information on the 2003 impact. Table 4 Distribution of the PGN Brunswick Nuclear Facilit Imact in 2003 b County Brunswick Columbus New Hanover Pender Impact Measure County County County County Output $490.2 m $36.8 m $351.7 m $22.1 m Employment 1,100 80 800 50 Personal Income $54.9 m $4.1 m $39.4 m $2.5 m Payrolls $48.1 m $3.6 m $34.5 m $2.2 m Self-Employment Income $6.7 m $0.5 m $4.8 m $0.3 m Property Income $100.5 m $7.5 m $72.1 m $4.5 m Indirect Business Tax Collections $26.3 m $2.0 m $18.9 m $1.2 m County Property Tax Collections $3.3 m $0.4 m $3.2 m $1.2 m Implied Real Property Tax Base $549.1 m $52.6 m $469.8 m $202.8 m Source: IMPLAN Model and Authors' Calculations. To place the numbers in Table 4 in some perspective, total output in Brunswick County in 2003 is estimated at $1.26 billion. Thus, the PGN Brunswick nuclear facility supported almost 16 percent of the value of total county output in 2003. ESC data indicate an average monthly employment during 2003 in Brunswick County of 34,700. Thus, the facility supported 3.2 percent of total county employment in 2003. Real property tax collections in the county totaled $64 9

million in 2003 with an implied real property tax base of $10.8 billion. Thus, the facility supported 5.1 percent of property tax collections in the county. The implied property tax base was also 5.1 percent of the total real property tax base in the county. Total output in Columbus County in 2003 is estimated at $611.1 minion. Thus, the PGN Brunswick nuclear facility supported almost 19 percent of the value of total county output in 2003. ESC data indicate an average monthly employment in the county of 20,100 over 2003. Thus, the facility supported 0.4 percent of total county employment in 2003. Real property tax collections in the county totaled $15.8 million in 2003 with an implied real property tax base of $2 billion. Thus, the facility supported 2.6 percent of county property tax collections in 2003. The implied property tax base was also 2.6 percent of the total real property tax base in the county. Total output in New Hanover County in 2003 is estimated at almost $4.2 billion. Thus, the PGN Brunswick nuclear facility supported almost 12 percent of the value of total county output in 2003. ESC data indicate an average monthly employment in the county of 84,100 over 2003. Thus, the facility supported 0.9 percent of total county employment in 2003. Real property tax collections in the county totaled $115.4 million with an implied real property tax base of almost $17 billion. Thus, the facility supported 2.8 percent of county property tax collections in 2003. The implied property tax base was also 2.8 percent of the total real property tax base in the county. 10

Total output in Pender County in 2003 is estimated at $352.2 million. Thus, the PGN Brunswick nuclear facility supported almost 29 percent of the value of total county output in 2003. ESC data indicate an average monthly employment in the county of 17,560 over 2003. Thus, the facility supported 0.3 percent of total county employment in 2003. Real property tax collections in the county totaled $20.5 million with an implied real property tax base of $202.8 million. Thus, the facility supported 5.8 percent of county property tax collections in 2003. The implied property tax base was also 5.8 percent of the total real property tax base in the county.

a. AdditionalImpacts of the Brunswick Nuclear Facility PGN's Brunswick nuclear facility also makes substantial contributions to the social, aesthetic, and cultural environment of the region. For example, through the first seven months of 2004, facility employees had provided nearly 1,500 volunteer hours to numerous local organizations'. These employees had also pledged more than $17,000 to Habitat of Brunswick County. Since 2000, PGN has made more than $1.9 million in grants to nonprofit organizations in the region.

VII. Summary and Conclusions As expected by the authors the impact of PGN's Brunswick nuclear facility is quite significant.. As a stand-alone enterprise, the authors believe that it is the largest single contributor to the Brunswick County economy with respect to income, employment, and taxes. Obviously, without knowledge of other stand-alone enterprises in the county this statement cannot be made with absolute certainty. However, the evidence presented in this study and anecdotal evidence indicates the 11

statement is a fact, that the nuclear facility is the largest single enterprise contributor to Brunswick County's economy. The effect on the other three counties offered some surprises to the authors. The Columbus County and Pender County impacts were in line with what the authors anticipated. The surprises were mostly in New Hanover County. In New Hanover County, the impact on output of $351.7 million, about 70 percent of the output impact in Brunswick County, was unanticipated. Not only was the magnitude of this contribution by the nuclear facility unexpected, but also the contribution to New Hanover County's tax base of approximately $470 million. Also, worthy of note is the contribution of the nuclear facilities to Pender County's tax collections on real property, representing 5.8 percent of the total, and to Pender's tax base at 5.8 percent of the total. This most likely is a reflection of home and property ownership by persons living in Pender County and working at the nuclear facility and in enterprises supporting the operation of the facility. The Brunswick County nuclear facility has a huge economic impact not only in Brunswick County but in Columbus, New Hanover, and Pender Counties as well. Prior to this study, the facility's importance as a major economic contributor to the four-county economy of State Planning Region 0 was largely unknown and unappreciated. Endnotes iThe IMPLAN ProfessionalTM software for Windows (Version 2.0) is available from MIG, Inc., Stillwater Minnesota. 12

ii The impact on 'ral property tax collections was calculated by calculating real property tax colklctions per dollar of output produced and then multiplying this ratio by induced output. The size of the implied real property tax base was'calculated by dividing tax collections by ,h taxirate. The relevant FY 2003-2004 tax rates per $100 property valuatinn were $0.59 in Brunswick County, $0.78 in Columbus County, $0.68 in NeW Hanover County, and $0.59 in Pender County. These calculations were estimated using information supplied by PGN on resident counties of einployees. Specifically, 54 percent of the employees designated theirkcouity of residence as Brunswick County, 4 percent as/ Columbus County,!39 percent as New Hanover County, and 2 percent as Pender County. Thiese percentages were used to allocate the impact across the separate counties. 13

e~-Page 1 QL3\Je~ mor CZ~e," ~-oNX~ Ieff. 2im 3 Welcome to the Flora of North America Web Site FNA presents for the first time, in one published reference source, information on the names, taxonomic relationships, continent-wide distributions, and morphological characteristics of all plants native and naturalized found in North America north of Mexico. The Flora will appear in 30 volumes and will be available in print and on the Web. The Project The Flora The Outreach Resources

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Orchidaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 1 of 10 C$C)MPF 2Mz3cx) wwm.eFloras.org

                                                                                        -                      Search Floraof Nodrt America                                         L- All Floras    Advanced Search FNA Vol. 26 Page 15,16, 17, 26, 27, 490,491, 617                                               Login I eFloras Home I Help FNA I Family List I FNA Vol. 26 230. Orchidaceae Jussieu Orchid Family Gustavo A. Romero-Gonzalez, German Carnevali FernAndez-Concha, Robert L Dressier, Lawrence K. Magrath &

George W. Argus Herbs or rarely vines, perennial, rarely annual, strongly mycotrophic, epiphytic, terrestrial, lithophytic, or rarely aquatic or subterranean, usually green and photosynthetic, some without chlorophyll and saprophytic. Roots subterranean or aerial, tuberoid or stolonoid, usually with spongy, multilayered velamen. Stems erect or pendent or modified into creeping rhizomes, simple or sympodially or monopodially branched, delicate to stout, or thickened as corms or pseudobulbs, or greatly reduced, sometimes proliferous (especially diverse in sympodial orchids). Leaves solitary, several, or reduced to scales, basal or cauline, alternate, distichous, or sometimes opposite or whorled, either convolute or duplicate, simple, sessile or petiolate; stipules absent; blade articulate or not, plicate or conduplicate, cylindric, triangular, or laterally flattened, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal or lateral, racemes, spikes, panicles, or rarely cymose, erect or variously pendent, 1-many-flowered, lax or dense, flowering successively or simultaneously. Flowers bisexual [rarely unisexual], epigynous, resupinate or not, pedicellate or sessile, 3-merous, Ip : , 1 1, usually bilaterally symmetric [rarely nearly radially symmetric], with abscission V, . layer between pedicel and peduncle, rarely between ovary and .periianth or ovary and pedicel; perianth of 6 tepals in 2 whorls, all petaloid or sepals sometimes greener and more foliaceous in texture; sepals alike or not, lateral sepals often connate (forming synsepal), or all 3 sepals variously connate and/or adnate or distinct and/or free; petals 3, median petal modified as lip, commonly larger or differing in form and color, lateral petals commonly but not always similar to sepals; nectaries of various sorts; extrafloral nectaries sometimes present on pedicels, bracts, or leaf sheaths; stamens usually 1-2 Epipactis helleborine (-3, if 3 the 3d modified into sterile staminode), all on side opposite lip, fully or Credit: Harvard University Herbaria partially adnate to style, forming column; pollen grains in monads or tetrads, usually in 2-8 pollinia, sometimes subdivided into small packets, rarely granular, sometimes pollinia with caudicles and/or stipes; gynoecium 3-carpellate, connate, forming compound, inferior, 1- or 3-locular ovary; style variously adnate to filaments; stigmas usually 3-lobed, concave to convex, part of median stigma lobe modified into rostellum, often separating anther from fertile portions of stigma, commonly preventing or in some cases facilitating self-pollination; ovules numerous, anatropous, minute. Fruits capsules, opening (dehiscing) by longitudinal slits, rarely fleshy and indehiscent berries. Seeds numerous (millions in some species), minute; endosperm absent. Genera ca. 800, species 22,000-35,000 (701 genera, 208 species in the flora; 1 genus, 6 species introduced): worldwide except Antarctica, most diverse in tropical forests. The overall count for orchid genera in the flora includes Spathoglottis plicata Blume, which was recently reported from Palm Beach County, Florida. The plants, known locally since 1982, are apparently widely naturalized in old shellpits. The number of species in the flora includes one newly recognized species in Habenaria that is morphologically described, but not fully treated here. Orchidaceae are by far the largest and most diverse monocot family and rank among the largest families of flowering plants. An accurate account of the number of genera and species has eluded orchid scientists, and species counts published in the last 20 years range from 15,000 to 35,000. New species are continually being described. In addition, numerous natural and artificial hybrids exist. Although orchids are important in horticulture, most of the plants traded in the national and international market belong to a small number of species and their hybrids in only a few genera; the majority of orchids are not commonly cultivated. Few orchids are economically important outside the horticultural trade: the fruits of several species of Vanilla are the source of the spice vanilla, and the dry roots of some species of Dactylorhiza, Eulophia, and Orchis are made into salep, a flour consumed in northern Africa, the Middle East (especially Turkey), and Asia. Some species are locally used for medicinal purposes; the mucilage from pseudobulbs of several species is sometimes used as glue; and in the Far East the stems of some species of Dendrobium are split into strips used to weave handicrafts. A few orchids have been found to cause contact dermatitis (e.g., Cypripedium reginae). Orchids range vegetatively from Lilliputian plants a few millimeters long (Bulbophyllum Thouars and Platystele http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?floraid=l&taxonid=10638 11/72005

.Orchidaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 2 of 10 Schlechter) to gigantic clusters weighing several hundred kilograms (Grammatophyllum Blume) to some as much as 13.4 meters in height (Sobralia altissima D. E. Bennett & Christenson, a recently described species from Peru). Ukewise, flowers vary in size from less than 1 mm and barely visible to the naked eye (Platystele Garay), to 15-20 cm diameter (some Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, and Cattleya Lindley spp.), and ultimately to 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum (Undley) Rolfe]. Weight can vary from a fraction of a gram (many Pleurothallus R. Brown spp.) to nearly 100 grams (Coryanthes Hooker spp.). Their fragrances vary from delightful (Cattleya Lindley) to repulsive and unbearable (in some species of Bulbophyllum Thouars). The plants colonize habitats ranging from some of the driest and hottest places on earth to the wettest and coolest, literally occurring from polar regions to the equator. Within the monocots, the most important diagnostic features of Orchidaceae are reduction of adaxial stamens, fusion of the remaining stamens to the gynoecium forming the column, aggregation of pollen into compact pollinia (present elsewhere only in the dicots, in Asclepiadaceae), differentiation of the median petal into the lip, a sometimes complex organ, and the exceedingly small size of the seed, which lacks endosperm. Among other distinguishing characteristics: pollen in the pollinia is usually not available as a nutrient-source (Cleistes Richard ex Lindley being a notable exception), and the often complex interaction with pollinators culminates in the phenomenon of pseudocopulation in several genera (e.g., Ophrys Linnaeus, Caladenia R. Brown sect. Calonema, Drakaea Lindley). In the latter process, the flower mimics the appearance, the smell, and often the movements of a female wasp, attracting a male of a suitable species that tries to copulate with the flower. It usually only succeeds in becoming attached to a pollinium, which will then be transferred if the male tries to copulate with another flower. Roots of orchids may be covered with velamen, spongy layers derived from the epidermis; fleshy thickenings of roots are tuberoids (tubers being restricted to stems). Stems may be swollen or thickened, underground corms or aerial pseudobulbs. Flowers are often resupinate: the lip (modified median petal) is 'lowermost," usually as a result of the pedicel being twisted or bent In its development by 1800. Pedicellate ovary, usually used in reference to length, refers to the combined pedicel and ovary. Flowers are not always bome on pedicels; when they are, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a slender ovary and the pedicel. Consequently, because of their slender ovaries, flowers of a "racemose spike" appear to be pedicellate even though they are sessile, while a "spicate raceme" has pedicels so short that they appear to be absent. Orchid flowers often have a modified median sepal, the dorsal sepal. Sepals coalescing at their tips form a synsepal. The middle portion of the upper (adaxial) face of the lip is the disc: it may be a thickened callus and may bear hairs, papillae, or other ornamentation. In orchids the style, stigmas, filaments, and one or more anthers are united to form a column; appendages projecting laterally from the stigma are column wings; the lip e may be attached to-the protrusion at the base of the column to form a column foot; lateral sepals that are also attached to the foot form a mentum {chin). In most orchids the column bears a single anther at its apex; the clinandrium is the cavity within which the anther is borne or embedded. Pollen is borne in discrete masses (pollinia). Genera with mealy. (sectile) pollinia may have pollinia within the anther tapering into a caudicle (stalk), which is attached to a sticky viscidium. Those with waxy pollinia have pollinia attached to one or two stipes (of stigmatic origin and formed outside the anther), which in turn are attached to a viscidium. The various aggregations of pollinia, caudicles, stipes, and viscidium form a pollinarium, the pollination unit carried by pollinators. The median stigma lobe may have a slender extension or little beak (rostellum), which aids in gluing the pollinarium to the pollinator. Taxa excluded from the flora as neither native nor definitely naturalized are discussed below. Bletia florida (Salisbury) R. Brown, grows in gardens near Homestead, Florida. This species has escaped and may persist but does not spread to the surrounding area (P. M. Brown 2002). Bletia patula Hooker is an apparent garden escape (P. M. Brown 2000). A single vegetative specimen, which later flowered, was collected in 1947. No specimens that can be referred to this species have been collected or seen since then (P. M. Brown 2002). Bletilla striata (Thunberg) Reichenbach f. is a garden escape (P. M. Brown 2000, 2002) that has been reported growing along roadsides and in lawns In Escambia County, Florida (G. S. Wilhelm 1984). A specimen is located in FLAS but its naturalized status cannot be established (R. Wunderlin, pers. comm.). Brassavola nodosa (Linnaeus) Undley is a dubious record (C. McCartney 1997; P. M. Brown 2000, 2002). Encyclia rufa (Undley) Britton & Millspaugh has been excluded because only one specimen has been recorded. R. P. Sauleda and R. M. Adams (1983) considered it to have been introduced. Epidendrum blancheanum Urban is endemic to Hispaniola. It is not confirmed for Florida. Epidendrum radicans Pav6n ex Lindley has been reported to be a persistent escape in Lee County, Florida (P. M. Brown 2000). Two specimens previously identified as this species from Captiva Island, Florida, are probably hybrids and not the pure species, which Isvery easily identified (E. HAgsater, pers. comm.). Gymnadenia conopsea (Linnaeus) R. Brown was reported for Litchfield, Connecticut, by R. C. Bean et al. (1951), who noted that a specimen was in the herbarium of the Torrey Botanical Club but that the station has not been relocated. Apparently the species did not persist (P. M. Brown 1997), and it is not a likely naturalization. Laelia rubescens Lindley was discovered in 1999, growing on a large branch of a live oak in Hammock County Park, Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida. It was believed to have originated from seed rather than an Intentional planting because the plant could be traced from a pea-sized pseudobulb for at least 8 growth periods, and other seedlings were found in the area (P. M. Brown 2000,2002). The species may be a possible naturalization. Leochilus labiatus (Swartz) Kuntze was reported by C. A. Luer (1972) to be naturalized in Florida based on second-hand evidence (C. McCartney 1997). The purported occurrence in the Fakahatchee Swamp may have been a deliberate deception at Luer's expense (R. L. Hammer, pers. comm.). All of Luer's photographs were of cultivated plants and there is no herbarium voucher. Its reported naturalization in Florida is dubious (P. M. Brown 2000). http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxflora id=l&taxonid=10638 11/7/2005

.Orchidaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 3 of 10 Lophiaris carthagenensis (Jacquin) Braem was reported in Florida [as Oncidium carthagenense (Jacquin) Swartz] based upon a single specimen collected by J. K.Small in 1916, at Coot Bay (near Flamingo in Everglades National Park), Monroe County, Florida (D. S.Correll 1950; C. A. Luer 1972). The specimen, in New York, includes a partial inflorescence and lacks foliage. A number of attempts were made to relocate the species at Coot Bay but all were unsuccessful (R.P. Sauleda and R. M.Adams 1989; R.L. Hammer, pers. comm.). Sauleda and Adams suggested that the specimen collected by Small had come from a garden in southern Florida where he kept plants until they flowered. They stated that Small probably collected the specimen under the mistaken belief that the plant was collected in Florida although it had actually come from Central America. Others, including P.M. Brown (2000), simply consider it to be a possible introduction but not naturalized. Maxillaria sanguinea Rolfe has reportedly become naturalized, but naturalization of the species in the flora area Is dubious (C. McCartney 1997; P. M.Brown 2000). Restrepiella ophiocephala (Lindley) Garay & Dunsterville was reported to occur in North America. Apparently, it has not become naturalized in the flora area (P. M.Catling, pers. comm.). It is considered a dubious record (C. McCartney 1997; P. M.Brown 2000). Tetramicra canaliculata (Aublet) Urban was treated as naturalized in the flora of Florida (C. A. Luer 1972). Recent evidence (C.A. Luer, pers. comm.) indicates that the species is not native and has not become naturalized. Moreover, it has not been reported for Jamaica or Cuba and reports for the Bahamas are erroneous (D.S. Correll and H.B. Correll 1982). Other citations (L.A. Garay and H. R. Sweet 1974; J. G. Williams and A. E. Williams 1983) also are erroneous, probably based on C.A. Luer (1972). The scenarios that could have led to this and other cases of dubious reports of naturalized orchids are discussed in C. McCartney (1997). SELECTED REFERENCES Bentley, S. L. Native Orchids of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Chapel Hill. Brown, P. M. 1997. Wild Orchids of the Northeastern United States: A Field Guide. Ithaca, N.Y. Brown, P.M. 2000. The Florida Native Orchid Project. Palmetto 20: 6-10. Brown, P. M.2002. Wild Orchids of Florida. Gainesville. Bums-Balogh, P. and V. A. Funk. 1986. A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 61. Case, F. W. 1987. Orchids of the western Great Lakes region, rev. ed. Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 48. Coleman, R.A. 1995. The Wild Orchids of California. Ithaca, N.Y. Correll, D. S. 1950. Native Orchids of North America North of Mexico.... Waltham, Mass. Dressier, R. L. 1981. The Orchids: Natural History and Classification. Cambridge, Mass. Dressler, R.L. 1993. Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Portland. Homoya, M.A. 1993. Orchids of Indiana. Bloomington. Uggio, J. and A. Liggio. 1999. Wild Orchids of Texas. Austin. Luer, C. A. 1972. The Native Orchids of Florida. Bronx. Luer, C. A. 1975. The Native Qrchids of the United States and Canada, Excluding Florida. Bronx. Magrath, L. K. 1973. The Native Orchids of the Prairies and Plains Region of North America. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Kansas. Morris, F. and E. A. Eames. 1929. Our Wild Orchids: Trails and Portraits. New York. Pridgeon, A. M., P. J. Cribb, and F. N. Rasmussen. 1999+. Genera Orchidacearum. 1+vol. Oxford. Rasmussen, F.N. 1985. Orchids. In: R. M.T. Dahlgren et al. 1995. The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin etc. Pp. 249-274. Sheehan, T. J. and M.Sheehan. 1994. An Illustrated Survey of Orchid Genera. Portland. Smith, W. R.1993. Orchids of Minnesota. Minneapolis. Szlachetko, D.L. 1995. Systema orchidalium. Fragm. Florist. Geobot., suppl. 3. Whiting, R. E. and P. M.Catling. 1986. Orchids of Ontario: An Illustrated Guide. Ottawa. Williams, J. G.and A. E. Williams. 1983. Field Guide to Orchids of North America. New York. 1 Up inflated, slipper (calceolate) or sac-shaped (saccate). (2)

  +          Up not inflated.                                                                       (4) 2 (1)     Lateral anthers 2, fertile, dorsal anther a large, subapical staminode,                 1 Cypripedium partially closing entrance to lip.
  +         Anthers 1,fertile, staminode absent.                                                    (3) 3 (2)     Apex of lip 2-homed; flowers solitary; leaf solitary.                                   51 Calypso
  +         Apex of lip blunt or acute; flowers 5-72, Inspikes; leaves more than 1, in              6 Goodyera basal rosettes.

4 (1) Plants without leaves at anthesis, or without green blade either diverging (5) from axis or reduced to bract.

  +         Plants with leaves at anthesis, or at least with green blade diverging from             (18) axis.

5 (4) Plants epiphytes or vines. (6)

  +         Plants terrestrial, never vines.                                                        (9) 6 (5)     Plants long, thick, succulent vines; lip without spur.                                  2 Vanilla http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxflora id=l&taxonid=10638                                                      I1n1t2005

Page 4 of 10 Orchidaceac in Flora of

      -Orchidaceae                            America @ efloras.org North America of North                  efloras.org                                       Page 4 of 10
        +          Plants epiphytes with conspicuous grayish green roots, stems much             (7) reduced; lip with spur.

7 (6) Lip middle lobe terminating in 2 arching, twisting, caudate lobes, 45-70 49 Dendrophylax mm.

        +          Up middle lobe not as above, less than 10 mm.                                 (8) 8 (7)      Flowers more than 12, in 2 rows, in spike.                                    48 Campylocentrum
        +          Flowers fewer than 12, not in 2 rows, in lax racemes or panicles.             50 Harrisella 9 (5)      Plants pure white except for lip with yellow markings.                        31 Cephalanthera
        +          Plants green or not, never entirely white with yellow-marked lip.             (10) 10 (9)    Anther acute with terminal viscidium; petals often adherent to dorsal sepal    17 Sacoila and difficult to separate.
        +         Anther not acute, terminal viscidium absent; petals not adherent to dorsal     (11) sepal.

11(10) Flowers asymmetric; spur longer than lip. 52 Tipularia

        +          Flowers symmetric; spur absent or shorter than lip.                           (12) 12 (11)    Spur broad-based and conic.                                                   62 Galeandra
        +       - Spur narrow-based, or a mentum, or absent.                                     (13)                  i  I :

. , 'i 13 (12) Inflorescences corymbose racemes; perianth closed to slightly gaping, not 34 Triphora resupinate; pollinia 2.*

        +          Inflorescences spikes, racemes, or panicles; perianth spreading,              (14) resupinate; pollinia 4 or 8 (2 half anthers only in Piperia).

14 (13) Plants achlorophyllous. (15)

        +         Plants chlorophyllous.                                                         (16) 15 (14)   Rhizomes annulate; lip 3-lobed with 3-5 lamellae; lateral sepals distinct at   39 Hexalectris base; pollinia 8.
        +         Rhizomes corraloid; lip 1-3-lobed with 2 lamellae; sepals connate at base      56 Corallorhiza forming mentum; pollinia 4.

16 (14) Ups with clavate to filiform spurs; leaves not plicate. 27 Piperia

        +         Lips without spurs; leaves plicate.                                            (17) 17 (16)   Leaves basal, solitary, elliptic, withering by anthesis; column 7 mm; pollinia 55 Aplectrum 4; mature capsules pendent.
        +         Leaves basal and cauline, 3-5, linear, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate,       38 Bletia present at anthesis; column 8-25 mm; pollina 8; mature capsules erect to suberect or pendulous.

18 (4) Plants with leaves at anthesis, or at least with green blade diverging from (19) axis.

        +         Leaves not articulate, persistent (except in Trichocentrum).                   (38) 19 (18)   Leaves plicate, thin, never conduplicate.                                      (20)
        +         Leaves not plicate, not thin, distinctly conduplicate or not.                  (22) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxfloraid=l&taxonid=10638                                              11/7/2005

.Orchidaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 5 of 10 20 (19) Pseudobulbs fusiform, 15-50 cm. 61 Cyrtopodium

  +          Pseudobulbs ovoid to subglobose, not fusiform, less than 10 cm.              (21) 21 (20)   Flowers mostly pink, rosy purple, or deep purple, rarely white; lip with      38 Bletia elongate crests; leaf bases almost wiry.
  +         Flowers mostly white or tinged with purple; lip without crests; leaf sheaths  57 Govenia multiple, concentric, polygonal, keeled.

22 (19) Inflorescences distinctly lateral, not continuous with stem axis. (23)

  +         Inflorescences distinctly terminal, continuous with stem axis.                (30) 23 (22)   Flowers solitary from leaf axils.                                             63 Maxillaria
  +         Flowers in racemes or spikes or panicles.                                     (24) 24 (23)   Plants terrestrial; spurs 4-5 mm.                                             59 Qeceoclades
  +         Plants epiphytic; spurs absent.                                               (25) 25 (24)   Inflorescences spikes; flowers sessile.                                      47 Bulbophyllum
  +         Inflorescences racemes or panicles; flowers pedicellate.                      (26) 26 (251   Lins uninhpd or 2-lohpd-                                                      (271
  +         Ups 3-lobed.                                                                  (28) 27 (26)   Lips 2-lobed, 6-17 mm; sepals 3-7 mm; column 3.5 mm; flowers pink to         65 lonopsis rose, pink-lavender, or white with pink flush.
  +         Ups unlobed, 14-27 mm; sepals 30-200 mm; column 2 mm; flowers                64 Brassia yellow-green to yellow-orange with red-brown markings.

28 (26) Racemes pendent; column 8 mm; middle lobe of lip nearly linear, strongly 66 Macradenia reflexed; callus of 3 shallow keels.

  +         Racemes or panicles erect to arching or pendent; column 5-6 mm; middle       (29) lobe of lip expanded, not reflexed; callus tuberculate.

29 (28) Callus prominent tuberculate-lobulate; pseudobulbs reduced to absent. 69 Tolumnia

 +         Callus prominent warty-tuberculate-fringed; pseudobulbs conspicuous.          67 Oncidium 30 (22)   Pedicel (+/- 1 mm) and ovary articulate; capsule deciduous.                     (31)
 +         Pedicel and ovary not articulate; capsule not deciduous.                      (32) 31 (30)  Stem sheaths flared and hispid apically.                                       44 Lepanthopsis
 +        Stem sheaths neither flared nor hispid apically.                               45 Pleurothallis 32 (30)  Up adnate to column throughout, forming nectary tube.                          42 Epidendrum
 +        Up free from column or adnate for less than 1/2 column length.                 (33) 33 (32)  Flowers not resupinate; column foot present or absent.                         (34)
 +        Flowers resupinate; column foot absent.                                        (36) 34 (33)  Flowers rosy pink to white; plants terrestrial.                                37 Calopogon
 +        Flowers various but not rosy pink to white; plants epiphytic or lithophytic or (35) if terrestrial, then with yellow-green flowers.

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxflora~id=l&taxonid=10638 I 1/72005

Page 6 of 10 . Orchidaceae in Flora of America @ efloras.org North America of North efloras.org Page 6 of 10 35 (34) Column foot present, conspicuous. 46 Polystachya

   +         Column foot absent.                                                          43 Prosthechea 36 (33)   Plants terrestrial; flowers incompletely opening; leaves 1-2, basal.         40 Basiphyllaea
   +         Plants epiphytic or lithophytic; flowers completely opening; leaves 1-3,      (37) apical from pseudobulbs.

37 (36) Pseudobulbs ovoid-pyriform, not flattened. 41 Encyclia

   +         Pseudobulbs fusiform or suborbicular to ovoid or ellipsoid, flattened.       43 Prosthechea 38 (18)  Leaves distinctly plicate.                                                    (39)
   +        Leaves convolute, flat, or conduplicate, seldom plicate.                      (43) 39 (38)   Leaves cauline.                                                               (40)
  +         Leaves basal.                                                                 (41) 40 (39)   Inflorescences racemes.                                                       32 Epipactis
  +         Inflorescences panicles.                                                      35 Tropidia 41 (39)   Plants 6-60 cm; petals filiform, linear-oblanceolate, narrowly spatulate, or  53 Liparis linear, less than 1/2 width of sepals.
  +         Plants 30-170 cm; petals elliptic, obovate, or oblong, equal to or more than  (42) 1/2 width of sepals.

42 (41) Column 3-4 mm; lip without lamellae- mature capsules erect. 60 Pteroglossaspis -:

  +        Column 7-10 mm; lip with lamellae; mature capsules pendent.                   -58 Eulophia 43 (38)   Plants vines.                                                                 2 Vanilla
  +        Plants various but not vines.                                                  (44) 44 (43)   Leaves opposite, subopposite, or whorled at terminal node proximal to         (45) inflorescence.
  +        Leaves various but not opposite, subopposite (except for Malaxis               (46) monophyllos var. monophyllos), or whorled.

45 (44) Leaves 2(-3); flowers, 2-100, in racemes. 33 Listera

  +        Leaves whorled, usually 5; flowers 1(-2, rarely).                             4 Isotnia 46 (44)  Flowers with protruding spur at base of lip, spur free from ovary.             (47)
  +        Flowers without spur at base of lip or spur adnate to ovary.                   (63) 47 (46)  Flowers asymmetric; corms present; tuberoids absent.                          52 Tipularia
  +        Flowers bilaterally symmetric; corms absent; tuberoids sometimes present.      (48) 48 (47)  Leaves basal or radical.                                                      (49)
  +        Leaves basal and/or cauline.                                                  (55) 49 (48)  Leaves 1(-2).                                                                 (50)
  +        Leaves 2 or more.                                                             (52) 50 (49)  Petiole conspicuous, erect; lip margin fringed.                               13 Eltroplectris http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxfloraid=l&taxonid=10638                                              11/7/2005

.Orchidaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 7 of 10

  +        Petiole inconspicuous, sheathing or clasping stem; lip margin entire to        (51) crenate to erose.

51 (50) Lip deeply 3-lobed. 25 Amerorchis

  +        Up unlobed.                                                                    26 Platanthera 52 (49)  Leaves more than 2.                                                            27 Piperia
  +        Leaves 2.                                                                      (53) 53 (52)  Stems conspicuously angled.                                                    24 Galearis
  +        Stems terete.                                                                  (54) 54 (53)  Tuberoids ellipsoid-ovoid; lateral sepals adnate to base of lip; lip with      27 Piperia midrib thickened.
  +        Tuberoids elongate; lateral sepals free; lip flat.                             26 Platanthera 55 (48)  Plants from creeping rhizomes; leaves petiolate, with inflated tubular         7 Platythelys sheaths.
  +        Plants from fusiform, fleshy or tuberous roots; leaves sessile, without        (56) inflated tubular sheaths.

56 (55) Flowers purple, lavender, yellow, or orange. (57)

  +        Flowers white to green, never purple, lavender, yellow, or orange.             (58) 57 (56)  Anther cells parallel or nearly so, viscidia lying close together.             28 Dactylorhiza
  +        Anther cells divergent, viscidia separated.                                    26 Platanthera 58 (56)  Pollinia parallel or nearly so, viscidia lying close together.                 (59)
  +        Pollinia divergent, viscidia separated.                                        (60) 59 (58)  Leaves basal; lateral sepals adnate to base of lip; lip with midrib thickened; 27 Piperia column adnate to base of lip.
  +        Leaves cauline; lateral sepals free; lip flat; column diverging from lip.      26 Platanthera 60 (58) Viscidia covered by membranes; mouth of spur covered by membrane with           29 Coeloglossum small aperture.
  +       Viscidia exposed; mouth of spur widely open.                                    (61) 61 (60) Stigmatic processes fleshy, well developed; petals often 2-partite; lip 3-      30 Habenaria partite into linear lobes or small basal teeth; tuberoids usually spheroid.
  +       Stigmatic processes absent or poorly developed; petals not 2-partite; lip       (62) not 3-partite into linear divisions; tuberoids elongate, tapering.

62 (61) Sepals less than 5 mm; lip apex with 3 subequal, lanceolate or oblong 23 Pseudorchis lobes.

  +       Sepals more than 5 mm; lip various but not as above.                            26 Platanthera 63 (46) Plants arising from corms, pseudobulbs, or tuberoids, not from fascicles of     (64) fleshy roots.
  +        Plants arising from slender fibrous roots or fascicles of thickened fleshy     (75) roots or creeping rhizomes, not from corms, pseudobulbs, or tuberoids (Cleistes occasionally has nodular tuberoids).

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxfloraid=1&taxon_id= 10638 1117/2005

. Orchidaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 8 of 10 64 (63) Plants epiphytic; some leaves at least 40 cm; inflorescences panicles. (65)

   +        Plants terrestrial; all leaves much less than 40 cm (except in Spiranthes     (66) odorata); inflorescences solitary flowers, spikes, or racemes, never panicles.

65 (64) Leaves linear-lanceolate; pseudobulbs prominent. 67 Oncidium

   +        Leaves broadly elliptic to ovate-lanceolate; pseudobulbs highly reduced. 68 Trichocentrum 66 (64) Sepals more than 20 mm.                                                       36 Arethusa
  +        Sepals less than 20 mm.                                                       (67) 67 (66)   Leaves basal, plicate.                                                       (68)

Leaves basal and/or cauline, various, but not plicate. (69) 68 (67) Leaves 1, withering or absent at flowering; column straight, compressed, 7 55 Aplectrum mm; mature capsules pendent; lip 3-lobed.

  +        Leaves 2-7, present at flowering; column curved, apically winged, 3-5 mm;     53 Liparis mature capsules erect; lip unlobed.

69 (67) Spurs present. 26 Platanthera

  +        Spurs absent.                                                                 (70) 70 (69)  Up 3-lobed.                                                                   (71)
  +        Up unlobed or 3-dentate.                                                      (72) -
                                                          -       I  .1. . . .'    e 71 (70)  Column 5-10 mm.                                                               34 Triphora      -_
  +        Column 0.2-1 mm.                                                              54 Malaxis 72 (70)  Flowers in racemes.                                                           (73)
  +        Flowers in spirally twisted or secund spikes.                                 (74) 73 (72)  Column 0.2-1 mm.                                                              54 Malaxis
  +        Column 1.5-5 mm.                                                              53 Uparis 74 (72)  Up white, 3.5-5 mm.                                                           19 Spiranthes
  +        Lip white with central cinnabar-red disc and 3 green stripes near apex, 5.5-  18 Schiedeella 8 mm.

75 (63) Inflorescences of 1(-3, rarely) flowers. (76)

  +        Inflorescences of 4 or more flowers.                                          (77) 76 (75)  Up margin laciniate; petals and sepals pink or rarely white or bluish; sepals 5 Pogonia oblong, elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, 14-23 mm.
  +        Up margin crenulate; petals rose-pink to white; sepals olive-green, brown,    3 Cleistes or maroon, linear-lanceolate, 24-65 mm.

77 (75) Plants arising from creeping rhizomes. 6 Goodyera

  +        Plants not arising from creeping rhizomes.                                    (78) 78 (77)  Flowers white with yellow lip.                                                (79)
  +        Flowers various, not white with yellow lip.                                   (80) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxfloraid=1&taxonid= 10638                                          lnnI2005

.Orchidaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 9 of 10 79 (78) Up pandurate, apex slightly broadened to winglike, margins entire; leaves 8 Zeuxine cauline.

  +        Up ovate, apex rounded, recurved, margin crisped, crenulate; leaves           19 Spiranthes basal.

80 (78) Flowers not resupinate. (81)

  +        Flowers resupinate.                                                           (83) 81 (80)  Column 0.3 mm; lip 1-2 mm; dorsal sepal 1-2.2 mm, reflexed.                   9 Prescottia
  +        Column 1.5-5 mm; lip 2-7 mm; dorsal sepal 3-7 mm, not reflexed.               (82) 82 (81)  Petals obliquely triangular; lip obovate to suborbiculate, deeply concave,   22 Ponthieva white with 1-2 dark green spots; column slightly winged, 2.5-5 mm.
  +        Petals linear; lip ovate-subquadrangular, shallowly concave, white with      21 Cranichis green or pale yellow spots; column prominently winged, 1.5-2 mm.

83 (80) Flowers yellow-orange to scarlet. (84)

  +        Flowers various colors, not orange-yellow to scarlet.                        (85) 84 (83)  Petals and sepals strongly recurved; lip 15-20 x 3-5 mm; lateral sepals       14 Dichromanthus free, not forming mentum.
 +         Petals and sepals not recurved; lip 20-31 x 3-8 mm; lateral sepals forming    17 Sacoila mentum with base of lip.

85 (83) Flower colors green, greenish brown, or yellowish brown. (86)

 +        Flowers of various colors, not green, greenish brown, or yellowish green,     (89) green markings present in some.

86 (85) Petioles of leaves 12-16.5 cm, reddish purple. 16 Pelexia

 +        Petioles of leaves 10 cm or less, green.                                      (87) 87 (86)  Column 11 mm; lip 20-24 mm.                                                   17 Sacoila
 +        Column 2-4 mm; lip 5-7 mm.                                                    (88) 88 (87)  Flowers greenish or yellowish green; apices of petals and sepals not          10 Cyclopogon recurved; lip oblong, apex slightly flared or pandurate to oblong-ovate with apex usually fan-shaped, 5-7 mm; column 3.5-4.5 mm.
 +        Flowers brownish green to coppery; apices of petals and sepals spreading      15 Mesadenus to recurved; lip elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse-rounded, 3.5-6 mm; column 2-2.5 mm.

89 (85) Petals and sepals without green lines or veins. 19 Spiranthes

 +        Petals and sepals with green lines or veins.                                  (90) 90 (89)  Flowers pink or dull brown to purplish; column 8 mm.                          12 Deiregyne
 +        Flowers various, not pink or dull brown to purplish; column 2-10 mm.          (91) 91 (90)  Column 8-10 mm; dorsal sepal 15-18 mm; lip 8-16 mm                            20 Stenorrhynchos
 +        Column 2-4 mm; dorsal sepal 4-8 mm; lip 4.5-7 mm.                             (92) 92 (91)  Up white with central green stripe, 4.5 mm, sagittate, 3-lobed, lateral lobes 11 Beloglottis rounded, middle lobe elongate-rounded, margins finely denticulate.
 +        Lip white, centrally yellow to yellowish or greenish white, 5-7 mm, ovate to  19 Spiranthes http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxflora id=l&taxonid=10638                                            1 1/72005

Orchidaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 10 of 10 ovate-oblong, unlobed, truncate, obtuse to deeply laciniate, margins erose-crisped. (Key to the Genera of Orchidaceae by Lawrence K. Magrath, Robert L. Dressler, John T. Atwood, John Beckner)

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• Cymbidium (Hong Song) Image/JPEG
• Dendrobium (Hong Song) Image/JPEG
• Cypripedium sp. (Hong Song) Image/JPEG
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• Orchidaceae sp. (Hong Song) Image/JPEG
• Orchidaceae sp. (Hong Song) lmage/JPEG
• Orchidaceae sp. (Hong Song) Image/JPEG
• Orchidaceae sp. (Hong Song) I Image/JPEG
• Orchidaceae sp. (Hong Song) Image/JPEG .

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           *Orchidaceae sp. (Hong Song)                                                  Image/JPEG

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Cyperaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 1 of 6 wivw.eFloras.org Flora fNorth f Anterica AlFlorasA dvanced Search FNA Vol. 23 Page 3, 4, 192, 243, 252 Login I eFloras Home I Help FNA I Family List JFNA Vol. 23 210. CYPERACEAE Jussieu Sedge Family Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek, David F. Murray Herbs, annual or perennial, cespitose or not, rhizomatous or not, stoloniferous or not. Roots fibrous, principally adventitious. Stems (culms) usually trigonous, occasionally terete, rarely compressed, usually solid, rarely hollow or septate. Leaves basal and/or cauline, altemate, usually 3-ranked, rarely 2-ranked or multi-ranked, bases forming cylindric sheaths enclosing stem, margins usually fused; junction of sheaths and blades often with adaxial flaps of tissue or fringes of hair (ligules); blades frequently absent from some basal leaves, rarely from cauline leaves, when present divergent or ascending, flat, folded, plicate, rolled, or terete, linear, venation parallel. Primary inflorescences (spikelets) a shortened axis; glumaceous bracts (scales) 1-many, spirally arranged, sometimes 2-ranked, usually ' appressed or ascending; scales usually all fertile, each subtending a single flower, sometimes proximal and/or distal scales empty; lateral spikes often with basal, usually empty, usually 2-keeled scale (prophyll); occasionally prophyll subtending and enclosing rachilla, bearing 1 pistillate, sometimes (0-)3 staminate flowers and empty scales (Carex, Cymophyllus, and Kobresia). Secondary inflorescences panicles, often modified to corymb, pseudoumbel, cyme (anthela), raceme, spike, or capitulum (head), rarely single spike, usually subtended by foliaceous or, less frequently, glumaceous bracts; secondary inflorescences sometimes simulating spikelets (Carex, Cymophyllus, and Kobresia). Flowers hypogynous, bisexual in most genera, unisexual in Scleria, Carex, Cymophyllus, and Kobresia; perianth absent or with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales, usually falling off with fruit; stamens usually (1-)3, rarely more, usually distinct; anthers basifixed; pistils 1, 2-3(-4)-carpellate, fused, locule 1; style undivided or branches 2-3(-4); stigma sometimes papillate. Fruits achenes, usually trigonous or biconvex; pencarps thin (except in Scleria). Seeds 1; testa thin, free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant. x ca.100. Genera ca.100, species ca. 5000 (27 genera, 843 species in the flora): worldwide. No consensus exists regarding the number of genera and the overall relationships of genera within Cyperaceae. The most recent account of the family (P. Goetghebeur 1998) recognized 104 genera distributed among 4 subfamilies and 14 tribes. That arrangement differs somewhat from that of J. Bruhl (1995). With one minor exception the arrangement of the family here follows that of Goetghebeur. The family is characterized by the occurrence of a number of unusual cytological features including: (1) chromosomes with diffuse centromeres, (2) post-reductional meiosis, and (3) pollen grains formed from tetrads In which 3 of the 4 microspores fail to develop. The first two features are found in at least some Juncaceae and are unique to the two families. Juncaceae also have pollen In tetrads, but in that family all four microspores produce pollen grains. Some species in some genera of Cyperaceae (particularly Eleocharis) possess chromosomes with localized centromeres (S. S. Bir et al. 1993). The wide range of chromosome numbers found in Cyperaceae is largely because of agmatoploidy; polyploidy has been hypothesized for some genera, especially Eleocharis, although polyploidy has not been demonstrated unequivocally. Because of morphologic similarities in vegetative and inflorescence characters, the family has commonly been associated with Poaceae. Cytological features discussed above clearly indicate that to be a superficial similarity. Data from rbcL studies also support the view that Cyperaceae and Poaceae are not closely related (M. R. Duvall et al. 1993b; G. M. Plunkett et al. 1995); they do support the concept of close relationship between Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. For most families of flowering plants the phenological data given are flowering times. Because most Cyperaceae cannot be reliably identified when in flower, in this volume fruiting time is given for all species by season, sometimes qualified by early, mid, or late, or by months. The fruiting time has been interpreted broadly to include the period when the fruit is more or less fully formed but not yet ripe. The fruiting period provided covers the entire range of the taxon. Quite a difference between fruiting periods in different parts of the range of the species may well occur, especially for widespread species and species with extensive elevation range. For a recent, comprehensive review of the economic importance of Cyperaceae, see D. A. Simpson and C. A. Inglis (2001). SELECTED REFERENCES Bruhl, J. 1995. Sedge genera of the world: Relationships and a new classification of the Cyperaceae. Austral. Syst. Bot. 8: 125-305. Goetghebeur, P. 1998. Cyperaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 4+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 4, pp. 141-190. Mackenzie, K. K. 1931-1935. Cyperaceae [in part]. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Vol. 18, parts 1-7, pp. 1-478. Simpson, D. A. http://www.efloras.orglflorataxon.aspx?floraid=1 &taxonid=10246 1 1/72005

Cyperaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 2 of 6 and C. A. Inglis. 2001. Cyperaceae of economic, ethnobotanical and horticultural importance: A checklist. Kew Bull. 56: 257-360. Svenson, H. K. 1957. Cyperaceae. Tribe 2, Scirpeae. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Vol. 18, pp. 505-556. Tucker, G. C. 1987. The genera of Cyperaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 68: 361-445. 1 Flowers and achenes partially to completely enclosed in scalelike structure (2) (perigynium); perigynium in axil of scale; flowers unisexual (see Plate 1. A, B,C).

 +           Flowers and achenes not enclosed in scalelike perigynium; flowers in axil       (4) of scale; flowers usually bisexual, sometimes some, rarely all, flowers unisexual.

2 (1) Perigynia open to 1 side, at least some containing 1-3 staminate flowers 25 Kobresia as well as 1 pistillate flower (see Plate 1. A).

 +           Perigynia closed except for pore at tip through which style protrudes,          (3) always containing only 1 pistillate flower (see Plate 1. B, C).

3 (2) Culms usually with several blade-bearing leaves, sometimes all basal; 26 Carex blades flat, V-shaped, M-shaped, rarely terete or involute in cross section, commonly less than 2 cm wide, if flat with distinct midrib.

 +           Culms with 1(-2) basal leaves; blades flat, usually 2-5 cm wide, without        27 Cymophyllus evident midrib.

4 (1) Flowers with perianth of 1 or more hairs, bristles, scales, or bristles and.,.' (5): scales, usually persistent on achene (see Plate 1. D, E, F; Plate 2. A).

 +           Flowers without perianth of hairs, bristles, or scales.                         (27) 5 (4)       Perianth of hairs or bristles, much exceeding subtending scales in fruit,       (6) more than 2 times as long as achene, including persistent style base, if present (see Plate 1. D).
 +           Perianth not or scarcely exceeding subtending scales in fruit, not more         (9) than 2 times as long as achene, including persistent style base, if present (see Plate 1. E, F; Plate 2. A).

6 (5) Perianth hairs strongly curled, tangled in fruit (woolly in appearance). 1 Scirpus

 +           Perianth hairs +/- straight, not tangled (silky in appearance).                   (7) 7 (6)      Penanth hairs (B-)1O+ In each flower; spikelets (excluding hairs) 1+ cm.         2 Eriophorum
 +          Perianth hairs mostly 6 in each flower; spikelets (excluding hairs) not more     (8) than 1 cm.

8 (7) Perianth hairs antrorsely barbed; leaf blades to 25 cm x 2.5-4 mm. 2 Eriophorum Perianth hairs smooth; leaf blades less than 1 cm x 1 mm. 4 Trichophorum 9 (5) Spikelets compressed laterally; scales 2-ranked at least in proximal 1/2, (10) keeled (see Plate 2. C).

 +          Spikelets +/- rounded in cross section; scales spirally arranged, not keeled       (13)

(distichous in Websteria) (see Plate 2. D). 10 (9) Achenes biconvex; styles 2-fid. (11) Achenes trigonous; styles 3-fid. (12) 11 (10) Persistent style base of achene enlarged (see Plate 2. B). 21 Rhynchospora Persistent style base of achene linear. 19 Dulichium http:/lwww.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?floraid=l&taxonid=10246 11/7/2005

Cyperaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 3 of 6 12 (10) Achenes with persistent enlarged style base; culms simple with 1 spikelet; 8 Eleocharis scales pale or yellow-brown to red-brown (see Plate 2. A).

  +         Achenes without persistent enlarged style base; culms distally branched       22 Schoenus with several spikelets; scales black or very dark purple.

13 (9) Perianth consisting of scales or of 3 scales and 3 bristles (see Plate 1. E, (14) F).

  +         Perianth consisting of hairs or bristles, bristles rarely somewhat flattened  (15) and straplike (see Plate 2. A).

14 (13) Perianth consisting of 3 bristles and 3 spatulate scales; leaves usually 5 Fuirena hairy, hairs sometimes confined to junction of blade and sheath (see Plate

1. E).

  +        Perianth consisting of 1-2 scales; leaves glabrous (see Plate 2. F).           18 Lipocarpha 15 (13)  Culms apparently without blade-bearing leaves; leaves absent or                (16) consisting only of sheaths.
  +        Culms with blade-bearing leaves; at least distal leaves with blades 5+ mm.     (18) 16 (15)  Spikelets consisting of 2 scales, distal scale subtending flower; culms with   9 Websteria branches in successive false whorls, which terminate in clusters of leaves essentially indistinguishable from stems; spikelets borne singly on branches arising from among leaves.
  +        Spikelets with 4+ scales and 2+ flowers; culms unbranched except               (17) sometimes in inflorescence; either 1 terminal spikelet or several spikelets in branched inflorescence.
 -17 (16)  Style base enlarged, persistent in fruit, usually clearly differentiated from 8 Eleocharis achene; culms with 1 spikelet (see Plate 2. A).
  +        Style base not or scarcely enlarged, deciduous in fruit; culms usually with   7 Schoenoplectus several spikelets in branched though sometimes congested inflorescence.

18 (15) Style base enlarged, persistent as differentiated tubercle on achene (see (19) Plate 2. A, B).

  +        Style base not or only slightly enlarged, deciduous or small portion          (20) persistent as undifferentiated beak.

19 (18) Culms unbranched, with 1 spikelet; spikelets with 1 proximal scale empty. 8 Eleocharis

  +        Culms usually distally branched, with more than 1 spikelet; spikelets         21 Rhynchospora usually with 2+ proximal scales empty.

20 (18) Spikelets 2+, arranged in distichous spike. 20 Blysmopsis

  +        Spikelets 1-500, arranged in panicle or clustered into 1 or more heads or     (21) solitary.

21 (20) Leaf blades and bracts with prominent midrib forming keel on abaxial (22) surface, or blades folded along midrib; inflorescences obviously terminal (see Plate 2. F).

  +        Leaf blades and bracts various, midrib not forming prominent keel on          (23) abaxial surface, sometimes with several ribs equally prominent; proximal bract sometimes erect, as if continuation of culm; inflorescences then appearing lateral.

22 (21) Scales glabrous, never both notched and awned at tip; spikelets less than 1 Scirpus 3.5(-5) mm diam.; achenes 0.6-1.8 mm, mnutely papillose.

 +         Scales puberulent on abaxial surface, often glabrescent, notched and          6 Bolboschoenus http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxflora~id= 1&taxonid= 10246                                            11/72005

Cyperaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 4 of 6 awned at tip; spikelets mostly 4-10 mm diam.; achenes 2.3-5.5 mm, smooth. 23 (21) Bracts 2+, the proximal 10+ mm, exceeding spikelets by at least 3 mm; (24) spikelets usually 2+.

 +         Bracts mostly 1-2, less than 10 mm, shorter than or exceeding spikelet by     (25) no more than 3 mm; spikelets always solitary.

24 (23) Proximal leaf sheaths often disintegrating into fibers; stems and leaf blades 3 Amphiscirpus tough, wiry.

 +         Proximal leaf sheaths never disintegrating into fibers; leaf blades soft,     7 Schoenoplectus herbaceous.

25 (23) Anthers 3 mm; achenes 2.5-3.5 mm. 7 Schoenoplectus

 +        Anthers 1-2.5 mm; achenes 1.5-2.5 mm.                                          (26) 26 (25)  Culms with all leaves basal; sheaths often disintegrating into fibers;         3 Amphiscirpus perianth bristles retrorsely spinulose.
 +        Culms with bladeless sheaths or distal sheaths with blade to 5 mm;             4 Trichophorum sheaths not fibrous; perianth bristles smooth or scabrous.

27 (4) Spikelets with scales arranged in 2 rows, at least proximally, commonly (28) compressed; scales keeled (see Plate 2. C).

 +        Spikelets with scales spirally arranged or arranged in more than 2 rows,       (32)        :
         .usually not compressed; scales not keeled (see Plate 2. D).

28 (27) Spikelets with 1-2+ proximal scales empty. (29)

 +        Spikelets usually with all scales subtending flowers.                          (30) 29 (28)  Inflorescences of 1-5 straw-colored spikelets.                                 12 Abildgaardia
 +        Inflorescences of (1-)10-25 black or dark purple spikelets.                    22 Schoenus 30 (28)  Styles 3-fid; achenes trigonous.                                               15 Cyperus
 +        Styles 2-fid; achenes flat to biconvex.                                        (31) 31 (30)  Spikelets with 5-many scales; inflorescences variously arranged.               15 Cyperus
 +        Spikelets with 1-3 scales; inflorescences with 1-4 dense spikes.               17 Kyllinga 32 (27)  Style base enlarged, persistent in fruit as differentiated or conic apical     (33) tubercle (see Plate 2. A, B).
 +        Style base not or scarcely enlarged, deciduous or undifferentiated portion     (35) persisting as cylindric beak.

33 (32) Culms with 1 spikelet, without blade-bearing leaves or with blade not 8 Eleocharis exceeding 4 mm.

 +        Culms with inflorescences of 2+ spikelets, with 1+ blade-bearing leaves        (34) usually much exceeding 4 mm.

34 (33) Mouth of leaf sheaths fimbriate-ciliate; styles 3-fid; achenes trigonous. 11 Bulbostylis

 +        Mouth of leaf sheaths glabrous; styles usually 2-fid; achenes usually          21 Rhynchospora biconvex.

35 (32) Flowers unisexual; spikelets with only one pistillate flower or entirely 24 Scleria staminate (see Plate 2. E). http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspxfloraid=l&taxonid=10246 11/7/2005

Cyperaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org Page 5 of 6

  +        Flowers usually bisexual; spikelets usually with 2+ bisexual flowers.          (36) 36 (35)  Leaves ligulate, ligules membranous or row of hairs or cilia (see Plate 2.     (37)

F).

  +        Leaves not ligulate, rarely with lateral groups of hairs at junction of blade  (42) and sheath.

37 (36) Styles 2-fid; achenes biconvex. (38)

  +        Styles 3-fid; achenes trigonous.                                              (39) 38 (37)  Spikelets with all scales subtending flower.                                   1 Scirpus
  +        Spikelets with proximal 1-2+ scales empty.                                     10 Fimbristylis 39 (37) Culms with single terminal spikelet.                                           4 Trichophorum
 +        Culms with 2+ spikelets.                                                       (40) 40 (39)   Leaf blades and bracts not prominently keeled on abaxial surface.             10 Fimbristylis
 +         Leaf blades and bracts with midrib forming prominent keel on abaxial          (41) surface.

41 (40) Inflorescence bracts not ciliate; scales not spinose. 1 Scirpus

 +        Inflorescence bracts ciliate proximally; scales with spinose tip.              14 Oxycaryum 42 (36)  Leaves with 2 lateral groups of hairs (at least some hairs 0.3 mm) at          11 Bulbostylis Junction of blade and sheath.
 +    0   Leaves glabrous or with only short hairs at junction of blade and sheath.      (43) 43 (42)  Inflorescences apparently lateral; proximal bract erect, appearing to be       (44) continuation of stem (see Plate 2. G).
 +        Inflorescences evidently terminal (sometimes some axillary); bracts            (46) ascending or spreading, none appearing to be continuation of stem.

44 (43) Achenes faintly to prominently rugose or transversely ridged. 7 Schoenoplectus

 +        Achenes smooth, papillose, or longitudinally ridged.                           (45) 45 (44)  Spikelets with 8-25 scales.                                                    13 Isolepis
 +        Spikelets with (1-)3 scales.                                                   18 Lipocarpha 46 (43)  Spikelets with all scales subtending flowers.                                  13 Isolepis
 +        Spikelets with 1+ proximal scales empty.                                       (47) 47 (46)  Styles 2-fid; achenes biconvex.                                                10 Fimbristylis
 +        Styles 3-fid; achenes trigonous or round in cross section.                     (48) 48 (47)  Plants annual, not rhizomatous; widest leaves not more than 2 mm wide;         10 Fimbristylis achenes usually 1.5 mm or less, reticulate-honeycombed.
 +        Plants perennial, rhizomatous; widest leaves usually more than 2 mm wide;      (49) achenes 1.5-3 mm, smooth or rugose.

49 (48) Inflorescences terminal, capitate; culms not more than 20 cm. 16 Remirea

 +        Inflorescences terminal or some lateral, corymbose or subcapitate; culms       23 Cladium usually 70+ cm.

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?floraid=l&taxonid=10246 11/M72005

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ECOREGIONS OF NORTH CAROLINA Regional Descriptions by Glenn Griffithi, James Omernik2, and Jeffrey Comstock3 August 31, 2002 1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 (541) 7544465; email: griffith.glenn@epa.gov 2U.S. Geological Survey c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 (541) 754-4458; email: omernikjames@epa.gov 3lndus Corporation 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333! (541) 754-4361; email: comstock@mail.cor.epa.gov - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people contributed to the organization of this project and to the development of the North Carolina ecoregion framework. For their collaboration and contributions, special thanks are given to Jim Harrison (US EPA), Trish MacPherson (NCDENR), Dave Lenat (NCDENR), Mike Schafale (NCDENR), Henry McNab (USFS), Chip Smith (NRCS), Roy Vick (NRCS), Dave Penrose (NCDENR), and Carolyn Adams (NRCS). These people were authors or collaborators of the multi-agency North and South Carolina ecoregion poster published by the USGS (Griffith et al., 2002b). Thanks are also given to the reviewers of the ecoregion poster, including Charles Kovacik (USC), Rudy Mancke (USC), Stan Buol (NCSU), Berman Hudson (NRCS), and Jerry McMahon (USGS). To obtain larger, color maps of the Level III and IV ecoregionsof North Carolinaorfor an ARC/INFO exportfile of the ecoregion boundaries, contact the authors or see www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/ecoregions.htm.

i INTRODUCTION Spatial frameworks are necessary to structure the research, assessment, monitoring, and ultimately the management of environmental resources. Ecological region (or ecoregion) frameworks are designed to meet these needs and have been developed in the United States (Bailey 1976, 1983, 1995; Bailey et al., 1994; Omernik 1987, 1995), Canada (Wiken 1986; Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995), New Zealand (Biggs et al., 1990), Australia (Thackway and Cresswell 1995), the Netherlands (Klijn 1994), Finland (Heino et al., 2002), and other countries. We define ecoregions as areas of relative homogeneity in ecological systems and their components. They portray areas within which there is similarity in the mosaic of all biotic and abiotic components of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Factors associated with spatial differences in the quality and quantity of ecosystem components, including soils, vegetation, climate, geology, and physiography, are relatively homogeneous within an ecoregion. These regions separate different patterns in human stresses on the environment and different patterns in the existing and attainable quality of environmental resources. Ecoregion classifications are effective for inventorying and assessing national and regional environmental resources, for setting regional resource management goals, and for developing biological criteria and water quality standards (Gallant et al., 1989; Hughes et al., 1990, 1994; Hughes 1989; Environment Canada 1989; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Science Advisory Board 1991; Warry and Hanau 1993). The development of ecoregion frameworks in North America has evolved considerably in recent years (Bailey et al., 1985; Omernik and Gallant 1990; Omernik 1995). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) first compilation of ecoregions of the conterminous United States was performed at a relatively cursory scale, 1:3,168,000, and was published at a smaller scale, 1:7,500,000 (Omernik 1987). The approach recognized that the combination and relative importance of characteristics that explain ecosystem regionality vary from one place to another and from one hierarchical level to another. This is similar to the approach used by Environment Canada (Wiken 1986). In describing ecoregionalization in Canada, Wiken (1986) stated: "Ecological land classification is a process of delineating and classifying ecologically distinctive areas of the earth's surface. Each area can be viewed as a discrete system which has resulted from the mesh and interplay of the geologic, landform, soil, vegetative, climatic, wildlife, water and human factors which may be present. The dominance of any one or a number of these factors varies with the given ecological land unit. This holistic approach to land classification can be applied incrementally on a scale-related basis from very site specific ecosystems to very broad ecosystems." The EPA's ecoregion framework has been revised and made hierarchical. It has been expanded to include Alaska (Gallant et al., 1995), as well as tie into a North American ecological region framework (Commission for Environmental Cooperation 1997). A Roman numeral classification scheme has been adopted for the hierarchical levels of ecoregions. This numbering is used, in part, to avoid confusion over different usage of terms such as ecozones, ecodistricts, ecoprovinces, subregions, etc. Level I is the coarsest level, dividing North America into 15 ecological regions. At level II, the continent is subdivided into 52 ecoregions, and at level m the continental United States contains 104 ecoregions (U.S. EPA 2002). The goal of the U.S. EPA ecoregion work that began nearly 20 years ago was to develop a spatial framework for states to structure their regulatory programs more effectively, in tune with the regional potentials and resiliences of the land (Omernik 1987). It was suspected and subsequently learned that the quantity and quality of water tended to be similar within these ecological regions. The level m ecoregions defined initially by Omernik (1987) were shown to be useful for stratifying streams in Arkansas (Rohm et al., 1987), Ohio (Larsen et al., 1988), and Oregon (Hughes et al., 1987; Whittier et al., 1988), as well as in several other states (Hughes et al., 1994, Davis et al., 1996, Feminella 2000). They were used to identify lake management goals in Minnesota (Heiskary et al., 1987; Heiskary and Wilson 1989), and to develop biological criteria in Ohio (Yoder and Rankin 1995). Many state agencies, however, have found that the resolution of the level m ecoregions does not provide enough detail to meet their needs. This has led to several collaborative projects, with states, EPA regional

offices, and the EPA's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory in Corvallis, OR, to refine level m ecoregions and define level IV ecoregions at a larger (1:250,000) scale. These level IV ecoregion projects have been completed or are in process in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, and are largely in response to requests from EPA regional offices or state water resource management agencies. Many of these state projects are also associated with interagency efforts to develop a common framework of ecological regions (McMahon et al., 2001). Water quality legislation and regulations, with a mandate to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters," depend on some model of attainable conditions, that is, on some measurable objectives towards which cleanup efforts are striving (Hughes et al., 1986). States are adopting biological criteria for surface waters to improve water quality standards. Biological criteria are defined as numeric values or narrative expressions that describe the reference biological integrity of aquatic communities inhabiting waters of a given designated aquatic life use (U.S. EPA 1990). Biological integrity has been defined as, " the ability of an aquatic ecosystem to support and maintain a balanced, integrated, adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of the natural habitats of a region," (Karr and Dudley 1981). Regional reference sites within an ecoregion can give managers and scientists a better understanding of attainable water body conditions. The biota and physical and chemical habitats characteristic of these regional reference sites serve as benchmarks for comparison to more disturbed streams, lakes, and wetlands in the same region (Hughes et al., 1986; Hughes 1995). Along with other information, these sites help indicate the range of conditions that

a. could reasonably be expected in an ecoregion, given natural limits and present or possible land use practices. -

The Biological Assessment Unit of North Carolina's Division of Water Quality has a long history of.> I examining regional influences on water quality (Lenat 1993, Carson 1989). To facilitate ecological, assessments and the continued development of biological criteria for streams and rivers in North Carolina, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR), U.S. EPA Region IV, U.S. EPA-Corvallis, USDA-NRCS Watershed Science Institute, and other agencies collaborated to define level m and level IV ecoregions. This type of framework can be useful for assessing nonpoint source pollution problems, determining the effectivenes of best management practices, identifying high quality or outstanding resource waters, establishing ecoregion-specific chemical and biological water quality standards, for putting basin or statewide 305(b) water quality reports in an ecological context, and for managing areas to preserve biological diversity. In this paper, we discuss the method and materials used to refine level mII ecoregions and define level IV ecoregions in North Carolina, and provide descriptions of the significant characteristics in these regions. METHODS Our regionalization process includes compiling and reviewing relevant materials, maps, and data; outlining the regional characteristics; drafting the ecoregion boundaries; creating digital coverages and cartographic products; and revising as needed after review by national, state, and local experts. In the regionalization process, we use primarily a qualitative, weight-of-evidence analysis of relevant data and information. Expert judgement is applied throughout the selection, analysis, and classification of data to form the regions, basing judgments on the quantity and quality of source data and on interpretation of the relationships between the data and other environmental factors. The analysis accounts for differences in map accuracy, scale, and generalization, as well as for differences in the relative importance of any one factor as it relates to ecological classification at any particular location. More detailed descriptions on the U.S. EPA's methods, materials, rationale, and philosophy for regionalization can be found in Omernik (1987, 1995), Omernik et al., (2000), Gallant et al., (1989), and Omemik and Gallant (1990). The regionalization process used for North Carolina was similar to that of other state-level EPA ecoregion projects (e.g., Griffith et al., 2002, 2001, 1997, 1994a,bc; Omernik et al., 2000; Woods et al., 1996, 1998).

Maps of environmental characteristics and other documents were collected from the state of North Carolina, U.S. EPA-Corvallis, USGS, and from other sources. The most important of these are listed in the References section. The most useful map types for our ecoregion delineation generally include physiography or land surface form, geology, soils, climate, vegetation, and land cover/land use. There are several different small-scale physiographic maps of North Carolina that can be found in a variety of publications. Statewide physiographic and land surface-form descriptions and maps were gathered primarily from Stuckey (1965). Wilson et al., (1980), Orr and Stuart (2000), Lonsdale (1967), Harrington (1982), NCCGIA (1997) among others; from surrounding states, e.g., Myers et al., (1986), Kovacik and Winberry (1987), Murphy (1995); and from regional or national scale information such as Hack (1982), Bayer (1983), Hammond (1970) and Fenneman (1938). Topography and land-form features were also discerned from 1:250,000 and 1: 100,000 scale topographic maps. Geologic information was gathered from maps such as the 1:500,000-scale state map North Carolina Geological Survey (1985) and other regional maps (Owens 1989); from surrounding state maps in South Carolina (Maybin and Nystrom 1995, SCDNR 1997) Tennessee (Hardeman et al., 1966), and Virginia (Virginia Division of Mineral Resources 1993); from the 1:1,000,000-scale Quaternary geology series (Cleaves et al., 1987, Colquhoun et al., 1987, Howard et al., 1991, Johnson and Peebles 1986); from state, regional, or local geology descriptions (e.g., Horton and Zullo 1991, Stuckey 1965, Murphy 1995, Hack 1982, Snoke 1978, Horton et al., 1981, Wilson et al., 1980, Orr and Stuart 2000); and from national scale maps such as Hunt (1979), Bayer (1983), and King and Biekman (1974). Soils information was obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) county soil surveys, the 1:250,000-scale STATSGO soil data base, and state and regional publications (e.g., Daniels et al., 1984, 1999; USDA-SCS 1981). Because soil taxonomy and interpretations are dynamic, and current soil series - names may be different from those in earlier publications, soil information and ecological aggregations of STATSGO or other soil data were also obtained from state soil experts (Roy Vick; Jr., Chip Smith, USDA-- Natural Resources Conservation Service, personal communications). Climate information and summaries were based primarily on 1961-1990 data from the Southeast Regional Climate Center, from precipitation and temperature information based on the PRISM model (Daly et al., 1997; www.ocs.orst.edu/prism/prism new.html), from state summaries (Soule 1996), and from older data such as Hardy (1974) and climate information in the county soil surveys. Statewide vegetation and forest cover maps for North Carolina are difficult to find. The most common forest type map is general and small in scale, and comes in several variations from different publications, but appears to be based mostly on a 1955 USDA Forest Service small-scale map. This 1955 map is still being distributed to the public by the NCDENR Division of Forest Resources. The variations of this map can be found in Orr and Stuart (2000), Clay et al., (1975), Lemert and Harrelson (1954), as well as an older 1940 version in Cruikshank (1943). Vegetation and forest type information were also obtained from Braun (1950), Kuchler (1964), the forest atlas of the South (USDA, Forest Service 1969), the national atlas (Kuchler 1970; U.S. Forest Service 1970), USDA Forest Service (1997), from natural community publications (Schafale and Weakley 1990, Fleming et al., 2001), from numerous journal manuscripts listed in the references, or from NCDENR Natural Heritage Program personnel (Mike Schafale, personal communication). For land use/land cover we used primarily the National Land Cover Data set (NLCD), part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characterization (MRLC) consortium activities. This data is based on early to mid-1990's Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite data of 30 meter resolution (Vogelmann et al., 2001). We also used the 1:250,000 scale land use/land cover maps from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS 1986), and the general land use classification of Anderson (1970). Also, for assessing variations in the mix of agriculture activities as an expression of land potential, many maps from the 1987, 1992 and 1997 Census of Agriculture were analyzed (U.S. Department of Commerce 1990, 1995; U.S. Department of Agriculture NASS 1999), as well as state and county agricultural statistics from the NC Department of Agriculture. In addition, a map produced from composited multi-temporal Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data was also used to assess boundaries and regional differences. This AVHRR NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data is also used by the USGS EROS Data Center to characterize land cover of the conterminous United States (Loveland et al., 1991, 1995).

In addition to the component information such as listed above, other existing ecological, biological, or physical frameworks were examined. These include the several ecoregion frameworks developed by NCDENR aquatic biologists such as Penrose, Eaton, Lenat and others (Dave Lenat, NCDENR, personal communication), the North Carolina ecoregions of Carson (1989), draft ecological planning regions of the Natural Heritage Program (Mike Schafale, NCDENR, personal communication), the South Carolina forest habitat regions (Myers et al., 1977), the USFS sections and subsections (Keys et al., 1995), Major Land Resource Areas (USDA 1981), and the natural land-use regions of Barnes and Marschner (1933), among others. Also of major importance were the mental maps that local experts brought to discussion meetings, reviews, or field reconnaissance trips. We used USGS 1:250,000-scale topographic maps as the base for delineating the ecoregion boundaries. Although this map series is dated, it does provide quality in terms of the relative consistency and comparability of the series, in the accuracy of the topographic information portrayed, and in the locational control. It is also a very convenient scale. Seventeen of these maps give complete coverage of North Carolina. RESULTS AND REGIONAL DESCRIPTIONS We have divided North Carolina into four level Ell ecoregions (Figure 1, p. 52) and 27 level IV ecoregions (Figure 2, p. 53). Although these level IV ecoregions still contain some heterogeneity in factors that can affect water quality and biotic characteristics, they provide a more detailed framework and more precise ecoregion boundaries than the earlier national-scale ecoregions (Omernik 1987). The ecoregion

  -framework also provides more homogeneous units for inventorying, monitoring, and assessing surface

waters than the commonly used hydrologic unit frameworks or political unit frameworks (0mernik and i Bailey 1997, Omernik and Griffith 1991, Griffith et al., 1999). Major river basins drain strikingly different f'.

ecological regions. A map of the ecoregions of North Carolina and South Carolina has been published by USGS (Griffith et al., 2002b). Ecoregion boundaries are often portrayed by a single line, but in reality they are transition zones of varying widths. In some areas the change is distinct and abrupt, in other areas, the boundary is fuzzy and more difficult to determine. fuzzy boundaries are areas of uncertainty or where there may be a 1 heterogeneous mosaic of characteristics from each of the adjacent areas.

45. Piedmont Considered the nonmountainous portion of the old Appalachians Highland by physiographers, the northeast-southwest trending Piedmont ecoregion comprises a transitional area between the mostly mountainous ecological regions of the Appalachians to the northwest and the relatively flat coastal plain to the southeast. It is an erosional terrain of moderately dissected irregular plains with some hills, with a complex mosaic of Precambrian and Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks. Most rocks of the Piedmont are covered by a thick mantle of saprolite, except along some major strpam valley bluffs and on a few scattered granitic domes and flatrocks. Rare plants and animals are often found on the rock outcrops. Stream drainage in the Piedmont tends to be perpendicular to the structural trend of the rocks across which they flow. This lack of structural control is likely due to the drainage being superimposed from a Coastal Plain cover (Staheli 1976; Hack 1982).

The soils are generally finer-textured than those found in coastal plain regions with less sand and more clay (Markewich et al. 1990). Several major land cover transformations have occurred in the Piedmont over the past 200 years, from forest to farm, back to forest, and now in many areas, spreading urban- and suburbanization. The historic oak-hickory-pine forest was dominated by white oak (Quercus alba), southern red oak (Q. falcata), post oak (Q. stellata), and hickory (Carya spp.), with some shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) and loblolly pine (P. taeda). Once largely cultivated with crops such as cotton, corn, tobacco and wheat, most of the Piedmont soils were moderately to severely eroded (Trimble 1974). Much of this region is now in planted pine or has reverted to successional pine and hardwood woodlands, with some pasture in

the landcover mosaic. We have divided the Piedmont of North Carolina into seven level IV ecoregions: Southern Inner Piedmont (45a), Southern Outer Piedmont (45b), Carolina Slate Belt (45c), Northern Inner Piedmont (45e), Northern Outer Piedmont (45f), Triassic Basins (45g) and Kings Mountain (45i). 45a. Southern Inner Piedmont The Southern Inner Piedmont extends from Alabama, across northern Georgia and South Carolina, and just into a small portion of the North Carolina Piedmont, primarily in Polk and Rutherford counties. The region is generally higher in elevation with more relief than 45b. As a transitional region from the Blue Ridge (66) to the Piedmont, it contains some mountain outliers, and it receives more rainfall than 45b and 45c. The general roughness of the landscape decreases to the southeast away from the mountains. The rolling to hilly well-dissected upland contains mostly gneiss and schist bedrock that is covered with clayey and micaceous saprolite. It is warmer than the Northern Inner Piedmont (45e) to the north that extends into Virginia, and it contains thermic soils rather than 45e's mesic soils. The region is now mostly forested, with major forest types of oak-pine and oak-hickory. Open areas are mostly in pasture, although there are some small areas of cropland. The boundary with 66d and 661 is relatively distinct, based primarily on topography and soils, while the boundary with 45b to the southeast is more transitional and fuzzy. 45b. Southern Outer Piedmont The Southern Outer Piedmont extends from Alabama, across large portions of the Georgia and South Carolina Piedmont, and into northern North Carolina. It covers the middle portion of the North Carolina Piedmont in the south, narrowing to the north, northeast of Greensboro, between 45c and 45e. The ecoregion has lower elevations, less relief, and less precipitation than 45a and 45e,.and tends to have more cropland than those Inner Piedmont regions. The landform class is mostly irregular plains rather than the plains with: V V high hills of 45a and 45e (Hammond 1970) Gneiss, schist, and'granite are typical rock types, and the rocks are more intensely deformed and metamorphosed than the geologic materials in 45c, 45g, and 45i. The rocks are covered with deep saprolite and mostly red, clayey subsoils. Kanhapludults are common soils, such as the Cecil; Appling, and Madison series. The eastern portion of the region is complex, with a mixture of felsic crystalline and more mafic rocks contributing to complex soil patterns. Many gradations of soils occur from the felsic rocks to the mafic rocks. As Daniels et al., (1999, p.58) express it, "It must be emphasized that most rock types have gradational boundaries and the boundary between soils related to each rock type is even more diffuse." Soil variation even within a detailed soil survey map unit is larger than normal for the Piedmont. Some areas within this region have more alkaline soils, such as the Iredell series, formed over diabase, diorite, or gabbro, and may be associated with areas once known as blackjack oak prairies. A few researchers in both South and North Carolina suggested that these basic rock/soil areas were distinctive and should be mapped as a separate region, but there was little evidence of their extent or exact location, and the areas appeared to be mostly small and scattered. The mafic rock types that were suggested, such as gabbro, diabase, and diorite did not always coincide with the suggested soil series of Iredell, Enon, Armenia, and Picture. In addition, there was not strong or well-mapped vegetation evidence or mutiple sources of evidence to show a distinctive region. As Shafale and Weakley (1990, p.76) noted for the basic oak-hickory forests of the Piedmont, sites mapped as having the soil series with higher soil pH sometimes give no vegetational indication of having basic soils. For the ecoregion as a whole, pine (shortleaf, Virginia, and loblolly) dominates on old field sites and pine plantations, while mixed oak forest is found in less heavily altered areas. Land cover also includes some pasture and cropland, as well as spreading urban areas, especially around Charlotte, Winston-Salem, and Greensboro. The northern or northwestern boundary with 45e is transitional or fuzzy, based in part on the mesic/thermic soil temperature line established by NRCS and others (Daniels et al., 1999), climatic patterns and characteristics, general physiographic differences, apparent differences indicated by major forest type maps, and differences in aquatic macroinvertebrate distributions. (See the discussion on this boundary in

45e). The eastern boundary of the ecoregion is somewhat sharper, occurring where the region meets the slate belt rocks and soils of 45c. 45c. Carolina Slate Belt This region extends from southern Virginia, across the Carolinas, and into a small part of eastern Georgia. The mineral-rich metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks with slatey cleavage tend to be finer-grained and legs metamorphosed than other parts of the Piedmont (except for the Triassic Basins, 45g) and are somewhat less resistant to erosion. They therefore form areas of slightly lower elevations with wider valleys. In North Carolina, however, some parts of the region are more rugged and hilly, such as the Uwharrie Mountains, and other areas have hills and linear ridges. Trellised drainage patterns also occur in parts of the region. The volcanic-sedimentary rock formations include volcanic slates, basic and acid tuffs, breccias and flows that are interbedded. The volcanic rocks are intruded in some areas by granites. The Carolina Slate Belt has been an important region of mineral production and is thought to have potential for containing undiscovered deposits of gold and silver, as well as of copper, lead, zinc; molybdenum, and tin. The volcanic slates are deeply weathered in places forming clay and shale, and soils generally have high silt contents. Georgeville and Herndon soils (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults) are common. The more silty and silty clay soils of the the Carolina Slate Belt contrast with the loam and sandy loam soils often found in 45a, 45e, 45b, 45g, and 45f. Streams tend to dry up and water yields to wells are low as this region contains some of the lowest water-yielding rock units in North Carolina (Giese and Mason 1991). Similar Slate Belt regions have been defined on other regional frameworks, such as for natural land use areas (Barnes and Marschner 1933), soil system regions (Daniels et al., 1984, 1999), USFS subsections (Keys et al., 1995), and in South Carolina as a forest habitat region (Myers et al., 1986). 45e. Northern Inner Piedmont - Similar to 45a, the rolling to hilly Northern Inner Piedmont has higher elevations, more rugged: topography, and more monadnocks or mountain outliers than other areas of the Piedmont. It has colder temperatures, more snowfall, and a shorter growing season than in 45a, b, c, and f, and it has mostly mesic soils rather than the thermic soils that cover other regions of the North Carolina Piedmont. The region contains more Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) and less shortleaf pine (P. echinata) than 45b and 45c, more chestnut oak (Quercus montana), and many mountain disjunct plant species. Streams tend to have higher gradients than in the Outer Piedmont regions, and contain many mountain-type macroinvertebrate species. The eastern boundary of the ecoregion with 45b is 'transitional or fuzzy, based in part on the mesic/thermic soil temperature line established by NRCS and others (Daniels et al., 1999), the climatic patterns and characteristics mentioned above, the general physiographic differences, the differences indicated by major forest type maps, and differences in aquatic inacroinvertebrate distributions such as "extended mountain" stream macroinvertebrate species and higher EPT taxa richness scores. There was some disagreement among the collaborating researchers on where this boundary should be placed. One aquatic biologist thought that it extended too far to the east and south in the northern two tiers of counties. Some soil scientists suggested that the boundary should be moved slightly further to the southeast to follow exactly the designated mesic/thermic soil temperature line, but others argued that the soil temperature line was also a problematic, less-than-sharp boundary. The western boundary of the ecoregion is somewhat sharper, occurring where the region meets the higher relief of the Blue Ridge Front or foothill areas and mountain soils types of Ecoregion 66. However, the occurrence of higher relief areas of the inner-most Piedmont near the Blue Ridge boundary suggest some transitional width occurs in some sections as well. 45f. Northern Outer Piedmont The Northern Outer Piedmont is composed of mostly gneiss and schist rock intruded by granitic plutons, and veneered with saprolite. It is lithologically distinct from the adjacent Piedmont regions 45c and 45g, as well as from the younger unconsolidated sediments of 65m. Rocks and soils are similar to 45b, but 45f is cooler with a shorter growing season. The region contains more loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) compared to the Virginia pine (P. virginiana) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata) found in the Piedmont to the west, but it also

contains local concentrations of mountain disjunct plant species. The region extends into Virginia and becomes contiguous with the Northern Inner Piedmont, but relief and elevation are less than in 45e, and it contains thermic soils rather than 45e's mesic soils. At the eastern boundary, the Fall Line is a broad transition zone where Piedmont rocks occur on the same landscape with Coastal Plain sediments. This Fall Zone contains a variety of aquatic habitats, and some cascades and waterfalls deter the upstream movement of fish, especially during low water. Some areas near this boundary have metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks similar to 45c. Although we recognized the occurrence of Slate Belt rocks and soils in the eastern portion of the region, the consensus of opinion in the mapping meetings for this project was to not delineate this as a disjunct piece of the Carolina Slate Belt, considering its relatively small size and the heterogeneous nature of the rocks and soils throughout the entire Northern Outer Piedmont ecoregion. 45g. Triassic Basins This region extends from Virginia, across North Carolina, and just slightly into South Carolina. The Triassic Basins of North Carolina occur in four narrow bands and have unusual Piedmont geology of unmetamorphosed shales, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones, and conglomerates. Local relief and elevations are often less than in surrounding regions (45c, 45e, and 45f), and, with rocks that are easier to erode, stream valleys that cross the region tend to widen. Soils are often clayey with low permeability, and streams have low base flows. The clay has a high shrink-swell potential that can hinder construction; it is also utilized by many brick makers in the region. A mosaic of mixed and deciduous forest, pasture, cropland, and urban land cover occurs here. In the wider floodplains, large bottomland hardwood forests once occurred, before they were covered by the water of reservoirs such as Jordan Lake, Fallslakde,and Harris-Reservoir. The E boundaries of the ecoregion are based on the close coincidence of breaks-in geology and soils relative to \ a. -adjacent regions.; 45i. Kings Mountain The Kings Mountain ecoregion is a hilly, somewhat rugged area with some northeast to southwest trending ridges and distinctive metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks. Aluminum-rich quartz-sericite schist is common. The metamorphic grade is generally lower than adjacent geologic belts and the rocks contain an unusual variety of mineral deposits. Mining strongly influenced the early development of the region, including an iron industry in the late 1700's to late 1800's, and later production of marble, lime, gold, lead, silver, pyrite, lithium, mica, feldspar, silica, and clay. Soils derived from the fine-textured rocks are often a very fine sandy to silty texture, somewhat similar to Carolina Slate Belt (45c) soils. The region is covered with mixed oak and oak-hickory-pine forest. Some small but prominent natural Virginia pine-dominated woodlands occur on the high ridges. About two-thirds of the ecoregion occurs across the border in South Carolina, and it was delineated in that state as a forest habitat region by Myers et al., (1986). While relief and topography help define the region, soils and geology were the more important factors in determining the ecoregion boundary placement.

63. Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Ecoregion 63 is found primarily in the Carolinas and other states to the north, and has a broad transitional boundary with ecoregion 75 to the south. It consists of low elevation, flat plains, with many swamps, marshes, and estuaries. Forest cover in the region, once dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) in the Carolinas, is now mostly loblolly (P. taeda) and some shortleaf pine (P. echinata), with patches of oak (Quercus spp.), gum (Nyssa spp.), and cypress (Taxodium spp.) near major streams, as compared to the mainly longleaf-slash pine forests of the warmer Southern Coastal Plain (75). Its low terraces, marshes, dunes, barrier islands, and beaches are underlain by unconsolidated sediments. Poorly drained soils are common, and the region has a mix of coarse and finer textured soils compared to the mostly coarse soils in the majority of ecoregion 75. Ecoregion 63 is typically lower, flatter, less dissected, more poorly drained, and more marshy than ecoregion 65 to the west. Pine plantations for pulpwood and lumber are typical, with some areas of cropland.'

We have divided the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina into seven level IV ecoregions: Chesapeake-Pamlico Lowlands and Tidal Marshes (63b), Nonriverine Swamps and Peatlands (63c), Virginian Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes (63d), Mid-Atlantic Flatwoods (63e), Carolinian Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes (63g), Carolina Flatwoods (63h), and Mid-Atlantic Floodplains and Low Terraces (63n). 63b. Chesapeake-Pamlico Lowlands and Tidal Marshes The Chesapeake-Pamlico Lowlands and Tidal Marshes occur on the lowest marine terrace with elevations ranging from sea level to about 25 feet. The western boundary of 63b generally occurs at the Suffolk Scarp. The region is characterized by nearly level plains with some broad shallow valleys, seasonally wet soils (Aquults), brackish and freshwater streams, and broad estuaries affected by wind tides. The region extends north into Maryland and surrounds most of the Chesapeake Bay. It is flatter and lower in elevation than 63e, with a slightly longer growing season than 63e and 65m. Some major areas of cropland are found in the region, growing corn, wheat, soybeans, and potatoes. The region once had large areas of nonriverine wet hardwood forests, now one of the most endangered natural community types in North Carolina (Schafale 1999). Lake Mattamuskeet, the largest natural lake in North Carolina at about 18 miles long and 6 miles wide, is located in this region. The lake is generally shallow but provides valuable wintering areas for geese, swans, ducks, and other birds. Large-scale drainage operations to convert the lake bottom to farmland began around 1914, but the idea was abandoned as impractical and expensive. i -63c. Nonriverine Swamps and Peatlands Nonriverine Swamps and Peatlands are flat, poorly drained areas containing organic soils of peat and, muck. The dark reddish-brown to black soils, acidic and nutrient-poor, often contain logs, stumps, and other woody matter from bald cypress (Taxodium disticum) and Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) trees. Pocosin lakes occur in some areas. The vegetation of the high and low pocosins contains a dense shrub layer, along with stunted pond pine (Pinus serotina), swamp red bay (Persea palustris), and sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana). Swamp forests are dominated by swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora), bald cypress (Taxodium disticum), and Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides). Fire during drought periods, logging, and construction of drainage ditches have affected natural vegetation patterns. Several areas of mineral and shallow organic soils have been drained and cultivated for crops of corn, soybeans, and wheat. The region extends just into southern Virginia to cover the northern portion of the Dismal Swamp. 63d. Virginian Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Virginian Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes occur in the northeast corner of.North Carolina and contain salt, brackish and freshwater marshes, dunes, beaches, and barrier islands that enclose Currituck Sound. The Quaternary-age deposits of unconsolidated sand, silt, and clay form dynamic landscapes affected by ocean wave, tide, wind, and river energy. The boundary with the Carolinian Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes (63g) is a broad transition zone. The nearshore ocean water, influenced by the longshore Virginia Current, tends to be colder than in most of 63g, especially south of Cape Hatteras, where warmer Gulf Stream waters occur. On the barrier islands, northern beach grass (Ammophila breviligulata) and deciduous oaks are typical, compared to the sea oats (Uniola paniculata) and evergreen live oak (Quercus virginiana) more commonly found to the south in 63g. Salt marshes are dominated by saltmarsh and saltmeadow cordgrasses (Spartina alterniflora, S. patens) and black needlerush (Juncus roemarianus), while the freshwater marshes of upper Currituck Sound contain big cordgrass (Spartina cynosuroides), sawgrass (Cladiumjamaicense), bulrush (Scirpus americanus), cattail (Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia), and wild rice (Zizania aquatica). The marshes provide wintering habitat for snow geese, Canada geese, tundra swans, and several species of ducks and wading birds. Piping plover and loggerhead sea turtles occasionally nest along the beaches. 63e. Mid-Atlantic Flatwoods

The Mid-Atlantic Flatwoods occupies the middle portion of the coastal plain in northern North Carolina and southern Virginia. Upland surfaces are wider, lower in elevation, with less local relief, and have more poorly drained soils compared to Ecoregion 65m. Soils such as Aquults and some Udults formed in the mostly Pleistocene-age clays and sands. With slow natural subsurface drainage, except near streams, artificial drainage is common for agriculture and forestry operations. Corn, peanuts, and cotton are typical crops. Although similar to 63h, the Mid-Atlantic Flatwoods historically had a lower frequency of fire, less longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), and a different mix of grasses than in 63h. There are fewer Carolina bays, and the region tends to be biologically less diverse than 63h in terms of plants and aquatic macroinvertebrates. 63g. Carolinian Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes The Carolinian Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes region covers most of the North Carolina coast, extending from Bodie Island in the north to North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in the south. Similar to 63d along the coast in northern North Carolina and southern Virginia, the region contains marshes, dunes, beaches, and barrier islands, but it tends to be slightly warmer and wetter. In the north, the boundary with 63d is transitional, and there is a high diversity of vegetation in the maritime forests in the boundary area where northern and southern maritime forests overlap, such as at Nags Head Woods. The maritime forests include live oak (Quercus virginiana), sand laurel oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda),; red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), dwarf palmetto (Sabal minor), with cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) in the southern portion of the region. The region encloses Pamlico Sound, a shallow estuary supporting an important nursery for 90 percent of all the commercial seafood species caught in North Carolina, as well as for vast recreational fisheries.

• -- -63h. Carolina Flatwoods w--:.

                                  ,a
                                   ' ti '
      , Thenearly levelcoastal plain of the Carolina Flatwoods has less relief, wider upland surfaces, and larger.;

areas of poorly drained soils than the adjacent, higher elevation Ecoregion 651. Covered by shallow coastal waters during the Pleistocene, the resultant terraces and shoreline-related landforms are covered typically by fine-loamy and coarse-loamy soils, with periodically high water tables. Other areas have clayey, sandy, or organic soils, contributing to the region's plant diversity. Carolina bays and pocosins are abundant in some areas. The region is a significant center of endemic biota, with more biological diversity and rare species compared to 63e to the north (Hall et al., 1999). Pine flatwoods, pine savannas, freshwater marshes, pond pine woodlands, pocosins, and some sandhill communities were once common. The boundary with 63e to the north is transitional. It is near the northern limits of wiregrass (Aristida stricta) and near the northern extent of the Southern Mixed Hardwood Forest as drawn by Quarterman and Keever (1962). In general, fewer longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) were found north of this region, although the longleaf pine range did extend into southern Virginia. The presettlement fire frequency was 1-3 years in this region compared to 4-6 years or more in regions to the north (Frost 1995). The boundary with 65m and 651 to the west generally corresponds to the Surry Scarp, and the boundary cuts further inland to include the distinctive Bladen lakes area within 63h. The Bladen lakes area of Bladen and Cumberland counties is a large area of eolian sands containing numerous Carolina bays and a vast complex of pocosin and flatwoods communities. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations are now widespread with an active forest industry, especially to the south in South Carolina. Artificial drainage for forestry and agriculture is common. North Carolina's blueberry industry is concentrated on some of the sandy, acidic soils of the region. 63n. Mid-Atlantic Floodplains and Low Terraces The Mid-Atlantic Floodplains and Low Terraces are mostly a continuation of the riverine Ecoregion 65p, although a few floodplains mapped in this region originate within Ecoregion 63. Large, sluggish rivers, deep-water swamps, and some oxbow lakes characterize 63n. The alluvial deposits of the floodplains and terraces tend to have abrupt textural changes. Brownwater floodplains originate in or cross the Piedmont (45) and the sediments contain more weatherable minerals than the blackwater floodplains that have their watersheds entirely within the coastal plain. The blackwater rivers tend to have variable flow regimes, acidic

water low in nutrients and colored by tannins but clear. Cypress-gum swamps (Taxodium distichum, T. ascendens, Nyssa aquatica, NKbiflora) are common, along with bottomland hardwoods of wetland oaks (Quercus michauxii, Q. nigra, Q. phellos), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), red maple (Acer rubrum), and hickories (Carya aquatica, C. ovata, C. cordiformis). Vegetation communities along the blackwater floodplains and terraces tend to be less diverse than those in brownwater floodplains and terraces (Schafale and Weakley 1990).

65. Southeastern Plains These irregular plains with broad interstream areas have a mosaic of cropland, pasture, woodland, and forest. Natural vegetation was mostly longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), with smaller areas of oak-hickbry-pine.

On some moist sites, especially in the far south near Florida, Southern mixed forest occurred with beech (Fagus grandifolia), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), laurel and live oaks (Quercus laurifolia, Q. virginiana), and various pines. The longleaf pine forests had a diversity of age classes, structure, and species in response to environmental gradients and natural disturbances. Over the past three centuries, naval stores or pine tar production, logging, open range cattle and feral hog grazing, agriculture, and fire suppression removed almost all of the longleaf pine forests. The Cretaceous or Tertiary-age sands, silts, and clays of the region contrast geologically with the older metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Piedmont (45) and Blue Ridge (66). Elevations and relief are greater than in the Southern Coastal Plain (75), but generally less than in much of the Piedmont or in the more mountainous Blue Ridge. streams in this area are relatively low-gradient and sandy-bottomed. Ecoregion 65 has similarities to defined regions in the other major land classification systems. The Southern Coastal Plain MLRA includes this ecoregion within it (USDA, SCS 1981), and it is-within the:- . Coastal Plainsgand Flatwoods, Lower Section of the USFS (Bailey-et al., 1994; Keys et al.,-1995>)The.- ecoregion has been divided into four level IV ecoregions within North Carolina: Sand Hills (65c), Atlantic Southern Loam Plains (651), Rolling Coastal Plain (65m), and Southeastern Floodplains and Low Terraces (65p). ,65c. Sand Hills The Sand Hills are a rolling to hilly region composed primarily of Cretaceous-age marine sands and clays, capped in places with Tertiary sands, deposited over the crystalline and metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont (45). It tends to be more dissected, rolling and hilly than adjacent 651, with a dense drainage network, and with a different mix of soils. Many of the droughty, low-nutrient soils formed in thick beds of sand, although some soils contain more loamy and clayey horizons. Sandy soils such as Candor and Lakeland are on-the ridgetops, while more clayey soils such as Gilead and Vaucluse are on the valley slopes. Some upland areas are underlain by plinthite, and sideslopes tend to have fragipans that perch water and cause lateral flow and seepage. Stream flow is consistent; streams seldom flood or dry up because of the large infiltration capacity of the sandy soil and the great ground-water storage capability of the sand aquifer (Winner and Coble 1996). I t w On drier sites, turkey oak (Quercus laevis) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) grow with longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and a wiregrass (Aristida stricta) ground cover. Shortleaf-loblolly pine forests and other oak-pine forests are now more widespread due to fire suppression and logging. The Sand Hills are a center of rare plant diversity in the Carolinas. The region in most areas has soils that are poorly suited to crops due to the droughtiness and rapid leaching of plant nutrients. Many areas are in woodland, and some areas are used for pasture. Portions of the region are also known for their peach orchards, golf courses, and horse farms. The western (or northwestern) boundary is defined fairly well by boundary coincidences illustrated by geology, surficial geology, and soils maps. Parts of the eastern (or southeastern) boundary for this region appear obvious, where there is a close coincidence in the major breaks depicted by soils, topography, and to some degree landcover, but other parts are not as easily defined. In Scotland and Hoke counties the boundary tends to correspond to the Orangeburg Scarp. It does not extend further to the southeast where the

Cretaceous Middendorf Formation (Km) ends, as depicted on the state geology map (North Carolina Geological Survey 1985). Some aquatic ecologists suggested our boundary be moved further southeast, as streams coming out of the Sand Hills maintain those regional characteristics downstream. Along Rockfish Creek, there are also some excessively drained sandy soils, but this area overall does not have the regional patterns of the hilly, more dissected Sand Hills. 651. Atlantic Southern Loam Plains The Atlantic Southern Loam Plains ecoregion is lower, flatter, more gently rolling, with finer-textured soils than 65c. It is a major agricultural zone, with deep, well-drained soils, and more cropland than 65c or 63h. The sedimentary formations are younger than those of the Sand Hills (65c) and older and more dissected than the flatter terraces of the Carolina Flatwoods (63h). The flora is varied due to the variety of edaphic conditions, but is generally more mesic than found in 65c, and more xeric than in much of 63h. The' region has a high concentration of Carolina bays. These are shallow, elliptical depressions, often swampy or wet in the middle with dry sandy rims. Carolina bays not drained for agriculture often contain rare or endangered plant and animal species. Ecoregion 651 stretches from Georgia in the south to the Cape Fear River in North Carolina in the north. There were disagreements among researchers in North and South Carolina about where the level m boundary should be placed between ecoregion 65 and 63. Our early draft maps kept the boundary to the north of the Lumber River in the NC/SC border area. The 651/ 63h boundary in Bladen and Columbus counties of North Carolina is not easily discerned, and it is a fuzzy transitional mosaic of characteristics from each region. Scarps, where they are even detectable, do not appear to always be the best division between the 63- and 65 ecoregions. In North Carolina, the consensus was to -move the boundary south of the Lumber River to-cover some of the rolling, loamy soil, cropland areas, and in this area the boundary is close  : to the Surry Scarp. From Tabor City, NC, the boundary angles back toward Nichols, SC, near the Lumber! River. -- 65m. Rolling Coastal Plain The dissected Rolling Coastal Plain extends south from Virginia and covers much of the northern upper coastal plain of North Carolina. Relief, elevation, dissection, and stream gradients are generally greater than in Ecoregion 63 to the east, and soils tend to be better drained. It has a slightly cooler and shorter growing season than 651, but is a productive agricultural region with typical crops of corn, soybeans, tobacco, cotton, sweet potatoes, peanuts, and wheat. The region appears to be biologically less diverse than the coastal plain regions 651 and 63h to the south. The boundary on the west occurs in the transitional Fall Zone to the Piedmont. 45f to the west is lithologically distinct and has higher elevations. 65m's boundary on the east with 63e and 63h is also transitional in places, although in some sections to the south it corresponds with the Surry Scarp. In other areas, the patterns of higher proportions of well-drained soils and Udults and more rolling terrain characteristic of ecoregion 65 versus the flatter surfaces and more Aquults of ecoregion 63 do not always appear to correspond with the scarp and terraces, and in many areas the scarp is difficult to define. 65p. Southeastern Floodplains and Low Terraces Southeastern Floodplains and Low Terraces comprise a riverine ecoregion that provides important wildlife corridors and habitat. Composed of alluvium and terrace deposits of sand, clay, and gravel, the region includes large sluggish rivers and backwaters with ponds, swamps, and oxbow lakes. It includes oak-dominated bottomland hardwood forests (Quercus michauxii, Q. nigra, Q. phellos, Acer rubrum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Carya aquatica, C. ovata, C. cordiformis), and some river swamp forests of bald cypress or pond cypress (Taxodium distichum, T. ascendens) and water tupelo and swamp tupelo (Nyssa aquatica, N. biflora). Similar to 63n, the flood-prone region includes brownwater floodplains and blackwater floodplains. The brownwater floodplains originate in or cross the Piedmont (45) and the sediments contain more weatherable and mixed minerals than the blackwater floodplains that have their watersheds entirely within

the coastal plain. The low terraces are mostly forested, although some cropland or pasture occurs in some areas that are better drained.

66. Blue Ridge The Blue Ridge level HI pcoregion extends from southern Pennsylvania to northern Georgia, varying from narrow ridges to hilly plateaus to more massive mountainous areas with high peaks. The Blue Ridge is part of one of the richest temperate broadleaf forests in the world, with a high diversity of flora and fauna.

From a national scale, the potential natural vegetation within North Carolina consists mostly of Appalachian oak forests (Kuchler 1964), but a variety of oak, hemlock, cove hardwoods, and pine communities comprise this general class. Many Blue Ridge forests were once dominated by the American chestnut (Castanea dentata), an ecologically and economically important tree that provided food and shelter to many animal species. A fungal disease, the Chestnut blight, introduced to the U.S. around 1904, killed most all of the chestnut trees by the 1930's. Root sprouts and small, young saplings can be found today, but they do not survive. In place of the chestnut, other trees, such as tulip poplar (Liriondendron tulipifera), chestnut oak (Quercus montana), white oak (Q. alba), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), red maple (Acer rubrum), and pine species have become the important canopy dominants. Fauna in the Blue Ridge include black bear, whitetail deer, wild boar, turkey, grouse, songbirds, many species of amphibians and reptiles, thousands of species of invertebrates, and a variety of small mammals. The ecoregion within North Carolina is characterized by floristically diverse forested slopes; high gradient, cool, clear streams with rocks and boulders; and rugged terrain on primarily metamorphic bedrock (gneiss, schist, and quartzites). Soils are mostly mesic, udic Dystrudepts and Hapludults. Elevations generally range from 1000-5000 feet, with ,Mount Mitchell, the highest point in North Carolina, and highest in the U.S.2east of the Mississippi River, Breaching 6684 feet. Annual precipitation ranges from 40 inches in the Asheville Basin to more than 100 inches on some of the higher peaks in the wetter areas in the southern part of the state. Forest-related land uses occur along with some small areas of pasture, apple orchards, and Fraser fir Christmas tree farms. Low-density recreational activities in forested settings have also become a typical land-use. Recreation activities such as rafting, kayaking, hiking, cycling, fishing, hunting, and camping are increasingly popular activities -on the the public lands of the Blue Ridge. The ecoregion in North Carolina contains nine level IV ecoregions: New River Plateau (66c), Southern, Crystalline Ridges and Mountains (66d), Southern Sedimentary Ridges (66e), Southern Metasedimentary Mountains (66g), High Mountains (66i), Broad Basins (66j), Amphibolite Mountains (66k), Eastern Blue Ridge Foothills (661), and Sauratown Mountains (66m). 66c. New River Plateau The New River Plateau is a high, hilly plateau that extends north into the Virginia Blue Ridge. The region has less relief and a different land cover mosaic than surrounding Blue Ridge ecoregions. It has less dense woodland and forest cover, and more land devoted to pasture, orchards, cropland, livestock and dairy farms, and Christmas tree production. Elevations are generally between 2500-3500 feet, with a few higher peaks, Oak (Quercus spp.) dominates most of the forests, with beech (Fagus grandifolia), birch (Betula alleghaniensis), hemlock (Tsuga ganadensis), and poplar (Liriondendron tulipifera) on more moist sites and pines on drier areas. Fish and madroinvertebrate communities are likely to likely to be distinct compared to adjacent regions. Aquatic macroinvertebrate communities are somewhat different in the New River basin than other Blue Ridge regions (Dave Lenat, NCDENR, personal communication). The New River Plateau ecoregion, however, does not include all of the headwaters of the New River basin. The Plateau ecoregion boundary is relatively distinct, made evident by the break in topograghy and landcover differences. The southern portion of the boundary was more difficult to define. The area around the Ashe/Watauga County line, from the Othello/Beaver Creek area southwest to Boone appears to have slightly greater relief than the rest of the region to the north, beginning a transition to 66d. 66d. Southern Crystalline Ridges and Mountains

The Southern Crystalline Ridges and Mountains occur primarily on Precambrian-age igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks, in contrast to the sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of 66e and 66g. The crystalline rock types are mostly gneiss and schist, covered by well-drained, acidic, loamy soils. Some small areas of mafic and ultramafic rocks also occur, producing more basic soils. The heterogeneous region has greater relief and higher elevations than 661, 66c, and 66j. Topographic break and soil types help define the boundary between 66d and 45a, 45e. Elevations of this rough, dissected region are generally 12004500 feet, with some higher peaks. The southern part of the region, south of Asheville, is wetter than the north. In the ecoregion meetings, discussions occurred about making the southern, wetter portion of 66d a separate region. Other than precipitation amounts and some anecdotal evidence, however, the differences were not well documented, and the consensus was to not split the region. Other consideration was also given to delineating a Blue Ridge Front or escarpment region on the eastern edge of 66d, or combining the escarpment with 661. Although the escarpment might be drier than much of 66d, that area tends to be steeper with more relief and not as dry as much of the 661 foothills region. 66d is mostly forested, with chestnut oak (Quercus montana) and other oaks now dominating on most slopes and ridges, earlier dominated by American chestnut (Castanea dentata). Cove forests are common, and northern hardwoods forests are found at higher elevations. There are a few small areas of pasture, apple orchards, Fraser fir Christmas tree farms, or minor cropland at lower elevations. 66e. Southern Sedimentary Ridges The Southern Sedimentary Ridges ecoregion occurs primarily in Tennessee and Virginia. In North Carolina, it consists of small areas near the Tennessee border in western Ashe, Watauga, Mitchell, Yancy, and Madison counties. The disjunct areas contain Cambrian-age sedimentary rocks of shale, sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate, and dolomite. Some metasiltstone or metasandstone occurs, but it is material of very.. -low-grade metamorphism. One of the larger areas, in-Madison County, is associated with the Hot-Springs ;- Window, an opening where the major thrust sheet was eroded to expose -younger, underlying rocks such as the Shady Dolomite and Rome Formation shale and siltstone. Slopes of the region are typically steep and forested, with elevations mostly between 1500 to 4900 feet. The boundary with 66d generally follows the contact between the igneous/metamorphic crystalline rocks of that region and 66e's sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. The Southern Metesedimentary Mountains (66g) ecoregion contains metasedimentary materials that are generally of a higher metamorphic grade than 66e. 66g. Southern Metasedimentary Mountains The Southern Metasedimentary Mountains in North Carolina contain rocks that are not as strongly metamorphosed as the gneisses and schists of 66d. The geologic materials are mostly late Pre-Cambrian and include metagraywacke, metasiltstone, metasandstone, metaconglomerate, slate, schist, phyllite, and quartzite. These are steep, dissected, biologically-diverse mountains that are'densely forested. The Appalachian oak forests and, at higher elevations, the northern hardwoods forests include a variety of oaks and pines, as well as silverbell (Helesia tetraptera), hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), tulip poplar (Liriondendron tulipifera), basswood (Tilia americana), buckeye (Aesculus flava), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and beech (Fagus grandifolia). The region supports complex and numerous plant communities and a great diversity of plant species. Much of the region is public land managed by the National Park Service or U.S. Forest Service. A northern disjunct portion of this region covers the Linville Gorge / Grandfather Mountain Window area in Watauga, Avery, McDowell, and Burke counties. Although there are likely to be some ecological differences from the main portion of 66g to the southwest, the geology and soils suggest this northern area is more similar to 66g than to the surrounding 66d. 66i. High Mountains The High Mountains ecoregion includes several disjunct high-elevation areas generally above 4500 feet. The region has a more severe, boreal-like climate than surrounding regions, with wind and ice affecting vegetation, and it has frigid soils rather than mesic soils. Evergreen red spruce (Picea rubens) and Fraser fir

(Abies fraseri) forests are found at the higher elevations, and red oak (Quercus rubra) forests and northern hardwood forests with beech (Fagus grandifolia), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava), and sugar maple (Acer sacharrum) are common. The spruce-fir forests have been affected by the balsam wooly adelgid (Adelges piceae), a non-native insect that kills mature Fraser firs, and some forest growth declines are possibly linked to air pollutants. Heath balds donuinated by evergreen rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense, R. carolinianum, R. maximum) and mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia),-and grassy balds of mountain oat grass (Danthonia compressa) and other herbaceous and shrub species are found on some slopes and ridgetops. Northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus), Blackburnian warblers (Dendroica fusca), black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus), and common ravens (Corvus corax) are seen in this region. It also provides habitat for the saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus), a species of special concern in North Carolina. 66j. Broad Basins The Broad Basins ecoregion is drier, has lower elevations and less relief than the more mountainous Blue Ridge regions (66g, 66d). It also has less bouldery colluvium than those two surrounding regions and more saprolite. The soils are mostly deep, well-drained, loamy to clayey Ultisols, although there are soil variations between the uplands, the high and low terraces, and the floodplains within the region. The Asheville basin has the lowest annual precipitation amounts in North Carolina, receiving less than 42 inches. Compared to the higher mountainous ecoregions of 66, the Broad Basins have a mix of oaks and pines more similar to the Piedmont (45), with more shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) and Virginia pine (P. virginiana), and white oak (Quercus alba), southern red oak (Q. falcata), black oak (Q. velutina), and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea). Although some areas of this rolling foothills region are mostly forested, overall it has more pasture, cropland, industrial; land uses, and human settlement than other Blue Ridge ecoregions. Outlines of ~abandoned fields with pine-hardwood succession are apparent on many-lower slopes. The ecoregion has four disjunct areas that occur in North Carolina; Georgia, and Tennessee. 66k. Amphibolite Mountains Similar to some parts of 66d, the Amphibolite Mountains are a botanically diverse area with many rare

.species, including some relict and disjunct species from areas much further north. The rugged, steeply sloping mountains are composed of Precambrian amphibolite and gneiss. The amphibolite, a metamorphosed black volcanic rock, formed from lavas that spilled on the floor of a shallow sea, mixing with layers of mud, sand, and volcanic ash. In some areas this rock weathers to produce shallow soils high in calcium and magnesium, and less acidic than most Appalachian soils. Oak forests (formerly American chestnut forests) dominate on south, east, and west facing slopes with an understory of Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense), mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), flame azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum), and dogwood (Cornus alternifolia.). Cove forests and northern hardwood forests are found on north slopes, and include sugar maple (Acer sacharrum), ash (Fraxinus americana),

yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), tulip poplar (Liriondendron tulipifera), and basswood (Tilia americana). 661. Eastern Blue Ridge Foothills The open low mountains of the Eastern Blue Ridge Foothills are lower in elevation (1000-2800 feet) than most Blue Ridge regions and have more Piedmont influences. The region includes the Brushy Mountains in the north and the South Mountains to the south. Covered with mixed oak and oak-hickory-pine forests, these mountains tend to be slightly drier and warmer than most of Ecoregion 66. The South Mountains contain forested areas that harbor many uncommon or rare plant species, including turkey beard (Xerophyllum asphodeloides) on xeric ridges and one of North America's rarest orchids, the small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides). The boundary with the Piedmont (45) is based mostly on the break in relief and topography, soils, and land cover differences. In some regional schemes for North Carolina these foothills are considered as part of the Piedmont (e.g., Stuckey 1965, Keys et al., 1995, Lonsdale 1967), although several other regional

frameworks place them with the Blue Ridge (Barnes and Marschner 1933, NCCGIA 1997, Daniels et al., 1999). The ruggedness of the terrain, the soil characteristics, the land use and landcover, and the mostly direct connection with the Blue Ridge suggested to us a more mountainous classification for this area. 66m. Sauratown Mountains The prominent ridges and knobs of the Sauratown Mountains rise more than 1000 feet above the rolling Piedmont (45) surface. Sometimes called monadnocks or inselbergs, these isolated mountain outliers are formed in part by their caps of erosion-resistant, nearly horizontally-bedded quartzite. Pilot Mountain, the small, disjunct piece of the region, has an elevation of 2,421 feet and is a conspicuous inselberg in the area, once serving as a navigational landmark by Native Americans, early traders and settlers. The region has both Piedmont and Blue Ridge vegetation communities: mostly oak and oak-pine forests with some Canadian and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga canadensis, T. caroliniana) in moist areas. Other mountain flora found here include rhododendron and azalea (Rhododendron spp.), galax (Galax urceolata), mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), pitch pine (Pinus rigida), table mountain pine (P. pungens), and various ferns. 3/4 9.

• / ,

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   ,,.i~:~                                                                                   '
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Sharitz, R.R. and J.W. Gibbons. 1984. The ecology of evergreen shrub bogs, pocosins and carolina bays of the Southeast: A community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program. FWS/OBS-82/04. 93p. Sharitz, R.R., and W.J. Mitsch. 1993. Southern floodplain forests. In: Biodiversity of the southeastern United States-lowland terrestrial communities. W.H. Martin, S.G. Boyce, and A.C. Echternacht (eds.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. pp. 311-372. Snoke, A.W. (ed.). 1978. Geological investigations of the Piedmont, southern Appalachians (with a field trip guide on the bedrock geology of central South Carolina). Carolina Geological Society, Field Trip Guidebook 1978. South Carolina Geological Survey, Columbia, SC. 123p. Soule, P.T. 1996. North Carolina's climate. In: In: Snapshots of the Carolinas: Landscapes and Cultures, D.G. Bennet (ed.). Association of American Geographers, Washington, D.C. p.65-68. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Land, Water and Conservation Division, Geological Survey. 1997. Generalized geologic map of South Carolina 1997. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Columbia, S.C. Scale 1:1,W00,000. Southeast Regional Climate Center. 1999. Climatological normals for North Carolina, 1961-1990. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. s :Stuckey, .L. 1965. North Carolina: its geology.andcmineral-sesources. North Carolina Department of

• Conservation and Development, Raleigh, NC. 550p. -.'-

 - Stuckey, J.L. and S.G. Conrad. 1958. Explanatory text for geologic map of North Carolina. North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 71. 51p.

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v. 2, subject series, part 1, agricultural atlas of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 163p.

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It Warry, N.D. and M. Hanau. 1993. The use of terrestrial ecoregions as a regional-scale screen for selecting representative reference sites for water quality monitoring. Environmental Management 17(2):267-276. Wells, B.W. 1942. Ecological problems of the southeastern U.S. coastal plain. Botanical Review 8:533-561. Wells, B.W. 1928. Plant communities of the coastal plain of North Carolina and their successional relations. Ecology 9:230-242. Wells, B. W., and I. V. Shrunk. 1931 The vegetation and habitat factors of the coarser sands of the North Carolina Coastal Plain: an ecological study. Ecological Monographs 1: 465 520. Wells, B.W. and L.A. Whitford. 1976. History of stream head swamp forests, pocosins, and savannas of the North Carolina coastal plain. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 92:148-150. White, P.S., S.P. Wilds, and G.A. Thunhorst. 1998. Southeast. In: Status and trends of the nation's biological resources. M.J. Mac, P.A. Opler, C.E., Puckett Haecker, and P.D. Doran (eds.). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. pp. 255-314. White, P.S., S. P. Wilds and D.A. Stratton. 2001. The distribution of heath balds in the Great Smoky Mountains, North Carolina and Tennessee, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science 12(4):453-466. Whittaker, R.H. 1956. Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecological Monographs 26: 1-80.- Whittier,-T.R., R.M. Hughes, and D.P. Larsen 1988.'Correspondence between ecoregions and spatial'- -,:. -- 0% .- - <patterns instream ecosystems in Oregon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:..1264-1278.: Winner, M.D, Jr., and R.W. Coble. 1996. Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-I. Washington, D.C. Wiken, E. 1986. Terrestrial ecozones of Canada. Environment Canada. Ecological Land Classification Series No. 19. Ottawa, Ontario. 26p. Wilson, W.F., P.A. Carpenter m, and S.G. Conrad. 1980. North Carolina geology and mineral resources: a foundation for progress. North Carolina Geological Survey Section, Educational Series No. 4. 45p. Wiser, S.K. 1994. High-elevation cliffs and outcrops of the Southern Appalachians: vascular plants and biogeography. Castanea 59(2): 85-116. Wiser, S. K., R.K. Peet, and P.S. White. 1996. High elevation rock outcrop vegetation of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:703-722.; Witter, J.A. and I.R. Ragenovich. 1986. Regeneration of Fraser fir at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina after depredations by the balsam woolly adelgid. Forest Science 32:585-594. Woods, AJ., J.M. Omernik, D.D. Brown, and C.W. Kiilsgaard. 1996. Level m and IV ecoregions of Pennsylvania and the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Ridge and Valley, and Central Appalachians of Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. EPA/600/R-96/077. USEPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR. 50p. Woods, AJ., J.M. Omernik, C.S. Brockman, T.D. Gerber, W.D. Hosteter, and S.H. Azevedo. 1998. Ecoregions of Indiana and Ohio (2 sided color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs). U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Scale 1:500,000.

Wyant, J.G.; Alig, R.J.; Bechtold, W.A. 1991. Physiographic position, disturbance and species composition in North Carolina Coastal Plain forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 41:1-19. Yoder, C.O. and E.T. Rankin. 1995. Biological criteria program development and implementation in Ohio. In: Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making. W. Davis and T. Simon (eds). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. pp. 109-144. Yoder, C.O. and E.T. Rankin. 1995. Biological criteria program development and implementation in Ohio. In: Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making. W. Davis and T. Simon (eds). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. pp. 109-144. , i I

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NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storns North Carolina Locattion or >Date TTne e Type Tp MagjDt D31 Inj PD CrD [1 Outer Banks l08/31/1993l[1127 I[Hurricane Emily [N/A}[0 Io [0 2 NCZ-17 047 11/17/1994 1720 Hurricane Gordon N/A0 0 500K 0 081 095 7 102>104 3 NCZO47 - 081 - 08/15/1995 0000 Hurricane Felix N/A 1 0 500K 500K 094 - 095 - 098 - 102> 104 4 NCZO29 - 06/18/1996 01:00 PM Tropical Storm N/A 0 'i OM 0 044>047 - 1 [o 11 079>081- [090>095 098 11 11 __ I I 1 11__ 10l3>104 1 11  ! I X L ]I1 15NCZO44 [l6/18/1996ll01:00PM [[Tropical Storm FjN/AI ET ,E ]0 = [ 16 NCZ045 1[06/18/1996[ 01:00 PM [[Tropical Storm N7/A0 FO l]O l[ ll7NCZO46 ll06/18/1996l[01:00PM [Tropical Storm [N/A [ [[ 1 l8 NCZO47 l[06/18/1996l 01:00 PM [Tropical Storm FN7/A 00 o tO j 19NCZ079 J[06/18/1996[1:OIP [Tropical Stor I[N/A __[67[0 [o 1l NCZO08 l 06/18/1996ll01:-0PM ITropical Storm [N7/A[ oj 0 o IX 11 NCZO80 I Fo06/18/1996 1!01:00 PM lTropical ITr ,1 Storm [[N/A [ 0 jfll [12 NCZ090 [06/18/1996[[1:0, -0 PM- Tropical Stor [[N/ [[CJ[ Il.OM j 113 NCZ091 [06/18/1996J[01:00 PM j[Tropical Storm [[N/A] I0 l[0 [114 NCZ092 ll15NCZO90 j[6F/96[1OM[Tropical Storm ll06/18/1996ll01:00PM [[Tropical Storm IFN/ Al Jo0NAL~[p[o _LIOM_ 7 16 NCZO94 ll06/18/1996ll01:00 PM Tropic 1 Storm [H H n [ 1 I.17 NCZ092 [[06/18/1996ll01:00 PM llTropical Storm I[N7A C o jo 158 NCZO98 [[06/18/19961j0:o0PMlTropical Storm [/AI OI 0 1 l19 NCZIO9 l[06/18/1996ll01:00PM Tropica Storm j[N/A][6 ° [01[ 1217NCZIO9 [06/18/1996 1 PM Tropic Storm ][N/AJ[S7 I [[ 1 l21 NCZO98 ll06/18/1996ll01 00AM [[Tropical torm [N7/AI1 1110 10 ll219 NCZ103 1106/18/1996110:00 AM [Tropi Storm [FN/A] [ l[o 123 NCZ101 _j06/18/19961[0:00AM [Tropical Storm IN/A] 0 l0 llo llo [2412 1[H6urricane [. ___ __ IL __ _

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_ _ 7 1, 0. 2of 6 1/18/2005 1:40 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stonns 25 NCZO12>017 07/12/1996 1HUrricane H05:00uPM 1N/A 0 0 200K ll30K

               -030>032-102         _       ,

_ ' __ _ _1 26 NCZOO7>01 1 07/12/1996 08:00 AM Hurricane N/A 0 0 0 0

               - 021>028 -

038>043 - 073>078 - 083>086 - 088>089 27 NCZ029 07/12/1996 10:00 AM Hurricane N/A I1 10 140.3M 127.OM 044>047 - 079>08 1-090>095 - 098 - 103>104 128 NCZ100 12/19 11:00 AM cane2 M 29NCZ101 96J 11: MlHurricane -[A' nI 18.0M .OM l 30 NCZO95 - 103 1 a MHurricane N/A 31 NCZ029 - 09 04/1996 06:00 PM Hurricane 'N/A 4 4 1 792.2M O 044>047 - I P 079>081 - 5090>095 -.098 - 103>104 V1 32 NCZ007>01 1 09/05/1996 05:00 PM Hurricane N/A 7 2 0 0

              - 021>028    -

038>043 - 11 r 073>078 - 083>086 - 088>089 33 NCZ012>017 09/05/1996 [ur06:00 PM i Hicane ifN/Af 1.OM ll 0 030>032 -102 1 l it l I_ 11 11 11 91 bf 34NCZ100 110905/1996 11 :00 AMJHurricane LTj3A O_ 50M J2.0M 5T 5NCZ101 j09/ :0I AM Hricane lN/A I IC__ 1200.0Ml 1OM .1o5hl-i 01P -0136 NCZO97 I /99 Hur 1[ tr

 .II                                                      PM 1[HUrricane Hu0/0/19961112:00  ][2NA 2               180.O MI 460         eNll 37 NCZO12>017 10/07/1996 06:0                M Tropical Storm        ]LN/A] 0O0                   10         lol
              - 030>032 -102 11 -                I                                      -11    _!       11_   _

38 NCZO29 - 10/08/1996 01:00 AM Tropical Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 044>047 - 079>08 1 - 090>095 - 098 - 103>104 39NCZ100 F08/26/1998[1 0 5M 3Hurricane [64M 14ONCZ1O1 1[08/26/19981l06:oAM [Hurricane U N/A[ 26.2M [ 3 of 6 1/18/2005 1:40 PM

NC.DC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms 41 NCZO15>017 08/26/19980800 Hurricane N/A 1 1 0

      - 030>032 - 102                                 P                                       N 142 NCZO97         l08/26/19981[090o AMl                Hurricane                      I N7/A 0                 11F0M  l6M 43 NCZO29 -         08/26/1998 12:00 AM Hurricane                                       N/A 0          0       6.4M      117.OM 044>047 -

079>081 - 090>095 - 098 - 103>osso4 s _____ .____ ______ _ __ _. __-____ ___ 44 NCZO26>028 08/27/1998 08:00 PM Hurricane N/A 0 iO0 I[50.OM

      - 041>043-                                                                                  I 077>078-086-45 NCZO29 -        08/30/1999 12:00 AM Hurricane                                        N/A 0         0        0        0 044>047 -

079>081 - 090>095 - 098 - 103>104 ____ 46 NCZ097 - 108/30/1999 12:00AM Hurricane N/A 0 1 075K J0o 100>101 _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _t_ _ 1 li 47 NCZO15>017 09/01/1999 H12:00AMHurricane lN/A 0 0 35K 10 1-030>032- 102 11 11 _ - _ L _ ILII 11 48 NCZ029 - 09/01/1999 12:00 AM Tropical Storm N/A 0 0I 21.3M 39M 044>047 - 079>081 - 090>095 - 098 - 103>104 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 49NCZ007>011 09/04/1999 09:OOPM Hurricane N/A 0 0 0 3.OM

     -  021>028-038>043    -

073>078 - 083>086 - 08 8>089_____ 50NCZ029- 09/14/1999 11:00PM Hurricane N/A 13 0.6M 413.6M 044>047- -a N/ rO 41 M!41 3 6M 079>081 - 1 090>095 - 098- I 51 NCZ007>01 1 09/15/1999 [0400 PM Hurricane j A 3.0B 500.OM

     - 021>028 -

038>043 - 073>078 - 083>086 - 088>089 _____ ____ ___ 4of 6 1/18/2005 1:40 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms 52 NCZ097 - 09/15/1999 Hurricane N/A 1 19.M 4.0M 9tt 100>101 519]0:0 jurc n jij~ _ _ _ ___ I-1o 53 NCZO15>017 09/15/1999112:00 PM canelN/AlfO 63.4MJ

        - 030>032  -  102     _ _  _ _ _   _ _ _ _    _  _  _    _   _ _  _     _       _     _   __            _  _

54NCZ080>081 10/16/1999 05:00 PM NH/Arcane N AI 0 l00

        - 093>095 - 098 - 11                        [ i 11                        11                                          _111 104 55lNCZ045>047 10/16/1999ll10 00PM
        -103                11           11 Tropical Storm 1

llN/A 0 IL J [__ 1 1 0 1 l56NCZO15>017

        - 030>032 - 102 10/1 1[

999 11 PM Hurricane N/AO31K

                                                                                   -          ___       I 1

II I 57 NCZO95 - 09/10/2 0500 AM Tropical Storm N/A 114K 0 103>104_ _ ___ 58 NCZO29 - 09/17/2003 06:00 PM Hurricane/typhoon N/A 0 0 435.6M 14.3M 044>047 - 079>081 - 090>095 - 098 - 103>104 59 NCZ004>006 li09/18/20031[01:30 PM [Tropical Storm [o-l 300K o 1 60 NCZO15>017 109/18/2003 03:0 AMHurricane/typhoon N/A 1 0 16.9M 11 1 1-030>032 -102 11 11 11 IL _ __ 11 1 161 NCZOI2>014 1109/18/20031l06 00 AMl Hurricane/typhOOn [ 0J[3.9M 0 62 NCZO97 - 09/18/2003 A Tropica Storm N/A 0 1J100>101 1§ a -0 '

• 2 63 NCZOO7>01 1 09/18/2003 09:00 AMHurricane/tYPhoon N/A I 0 17.3M 1

        - 025>028- 041 -

043-078-088 11 11 11 j .L 1 jL 1! ___ [64 NCZ102 108/03/20041l0300 PMl Tropical Storm [ ( [0 l0J 65 NCZO45>047 08/03/2004 12:00 AM Hurricane/typhoon N/A 0 0 7.6M 0

        -080>081-093>095 - 098   -

103>104 - ________ ________ [66 NCZ015>017 08/14/2004l[03:00PM Tropical Storm llN/A 0 if 0 10 11 1-031>032 -102 11 11 It 11 1 67 NCZO96>097 08/14/2004 F08:00 AM H/yphoon 1C0 [ . 1-099>10I ____j.c~2I~ t P[J2S S of 6 1/18/2005 1:40PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stonns 68 NCZ029 - 08/14/2004 12:00 AM Hurricane/typhoon N/A 0 0 6.6M 2.9M 044>047 - 079>081 - 090>095 - 098 - 1099>104 A/) A l[ A A __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ __ __ -_ .r _ _ 69NCZ040 -096 08/2 00 PM Tropical Storm N/A 0 0 D epressio n1o 1 or JlN/All __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ ___ 170 NCZO40- 042 08/30/2004ll04:45 AM Tropical N/A 0 [71 NCZ061 l09/1 6/2004Jf 06:40 PM Depression l [0 ll1SK 01 l l ll ll llDepression I < l 72 NCZ060 __ __ I1 09/16/20041l06:45PM Tropical _Depression 1 N/A° TOTALS:J [325J2 0[.532B 6 lSK l1.476Bl 3ITop of Page

         @ NCDC/ Climate Resources / Climate Data/Events /Storm Events /Results /Search /Help This page dynamically generated18 Jan 2005 from:

http://www4.ncdc.noaa.zov/cgi-win/wwcgi. dllwwEvent-storms Pleasesend questions or comments about this system to Stuart.Hinson(dinoaa.gov Pleasesee the NCDC Contact Page ifyou have questions or comments. 6of 6 1/118/2005 1:40 PM

INCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stonns .6 II. W NCDC/ Climate Resources / ClimateData/Events /SEventsvents /Results /Search /Helv Query Results Mag: Magnitude 27 OCEAN & LAKE SURF event(s) were reported in Dth: Deaths North Carolina between 01/01/1950 and 09/30/2004. Inj: Injuries PrD: Property Damage

            -   Click on Location or County to displayDetails.                                                      CrD: Crop Damage North Carolina Location or Coupty, ,               Date            Time                  Type           [Mag         Dth nj               PrD        CrD 1 NCZ095-             -104  }[01/15/19951[0700                   [(Coastal Flood           [N/A              10         O (2Rodanthe                     II(I08/13/1995I(1130                U

((RipCurrents 13N/A [ I Ir I [2]j 0 I II 1345 Rip Currents N/A 1 1 0 0 II 1000 Coastal Flooding N/A 0 0 500K 0 09/08/1995 ll 1100 ll Coastal Flood IN/A 0 1 200K 1 09/09/1995 [0900 l Coastal Flood J[N/A o 1 1.2M ( 09/09/1995l[0910 lCoastalFlood 1[ 0[o (u lo 0910 Coastal Flood N/A 0 0 0 0 n0[ 1°

                            -                .11  ___ __ __ __ II. __ __ __ __    I~                           _  _      ___    1__       __      _     '__    I"l

( 10/08/1996[04:00 19Calabash AM [Storm Surge"'¶N7/AF[0 Jo 6 . ____________on (10/08/1996 [05:00AM(StormSurge ltNA!(o Ito 1 I Ii L Carolina Beach

                                .                                        h     .

ll07/01/1997 [[08:00 AM lRip Currents

                                                                                      -

JLN/E0Iil °10 U --I, [12 Carolina Beach 1l 07/14/1997 l80 MlRpCres __ _ °_ ll13 'T-opsa~il l 07/14/19797 l080AMlRip Currents N/A[ OF FI- 0 14 Caswell Beach Ij02/03/1998 (11:30 AM l S b Wl15 Surf City l[02/03/1998l11:30 AM (Storm Surge FN/A j FoJ ° 1(0 t 16 Wrightsville Beach 1[02/03/17998111:30 AM [Storm Surge lo° KNA[6_1[ 10 11 (17 Wrightsville Beach ll08/11/2000( 11:00AMl[Rip Currents N/A 1[ol[6[o ((ol 1, 11N7/A[C]l Kur [18 Kure Beach Bgqc 0 l[08/20/2000 l02:00 PM [Rip Currents NA 0I [7j1o __(o re eah IO9 13/2 01i2:30 PM tRip Currents IjNYA 1h3(t- ___ 120 Manteo ] l03/06/2001l09:00PM lStorm Surge 1lo N/A _i° l21 Whichards Beach l 03/21/2001l 01 :00 AM SurgeIStorm 11F0[l 0 1 IN/A 122 Atlantic 05/31/2002j[02:00PM ][Rip I Currents N/A I [o to 1 Iof 2 1/18/2005 1:53 PM

. .NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stonns [23 Rodanthe l 06/22/2002l 05:33 PM Rip Currents l IKI _ _ If1N/_A0 = I-24 Atlantic Beach 07/23/2002[01:00 PMIRipR Currents lii 0 ll 0 Fj[fNA 25 NCZ093>095 J02/27/20041>2:00 AM StormO Surgeo n/A [ 0fEIi: ° 26 NCZ103 l 03/10/2004ll10:00 PM l Storm Surge l[N/ j9l 10K 0l< __ ___NCZ100 09/25/2004  : Heavy Surf/high N/A 1 0 J TOTALS: ] 10 II.90M[ I Gi Top of Page 0 NCDC/Climate Resources/ Climate Data lEvents /Storm Events /Results /Search /Help This page dynamically generated 18 Jan 2005 from: http://www4. ncdc. noaa.,zov/cgi-win/wwcgi. dll?wwEvent-storms Please send questions or comments about this system to Stuart. Hinson(a)noaagov Please see the NCDC ContactPage ifyou have questions or comments. 2of 2 1/18/2005 1:53 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms 0 NCDC/ Climate Resources / Climate DatalEvents/Storm Events IResults/Search /HeIP Query Results 9 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM event(s) were Mag: Magnitude reported in Brunswick County, North Carolina between Dth: Deaths 01/01/1950 and 09/30/2004. Inj: Injuries PrD: Property Damage Click on Location or County to display Details. CrD: Crop Damage North Carolina Location or* DaeBTm ye Mgitl-j r r C ounty _ _ Datey< _ _t _ _ _ _ _ Type _ _ _ _ _ i __ _ _ 0 _ _ 1NCZ100 l[06/18/1996 l10:00AM l1Tropical Storm 1[N/A 0o l° [2NCZI00 J[07/12/19963 11:00AMJ Hurricane [N/AJ[ j2.0M J[9.OM [3 NCZ1007[09/05/1996 11:00 AM Hurricane I[N/A jo [6 .M 1L2.M l [4 NCZ100 [108/26/1998Jl06:00 AM Hurricane [[N/A10JO[ 35.0M ll64.Ml 5 NCZ097- 08/30/1999Hr12:00Hricane N/ 070 1 00 > 1 0 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ J__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ I [6NCZO97 - 05:001PMHurricane N/0 109M M 100> 101 I__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 NCZ097 - 09/18/2003 0: Tropical Storm ir 0000 10 0 > 101J _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 08/14/2004 08:00 AM Huricane/typhoon 10.4M 2.5M l NCZ096>097 p A 9 NCZ087 - 08/29/2004 04:00 PM Tropical Storm N/A0 0 0 0 096 - 099> 101 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ TOTALS:K][0 {3J16505M8150M tITop of Page 0 NCDC/ Climate Resources /Climate Data /Events/ Storm Events IResults /Search /Help This page dynamically generated19 Jan 2005from: http://www4. ncdc. noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi. dll?wwEvent-storms Please send questions or comments about this system to Stuart.Hinson(,noaa.gov Please see the NCDC ContactPage ifyou-have questions or comments. I of I 1/19/2005 7:18 AM

-:. -^ Brunswick2.out 1/14/2005 TorStrk Version 1.86 11/27/2004 -- Final Regions Input Data Box Limits 33.9580 78.0110 2.0000 0.3000 Years of tornado data 53.67 Damage Threshold (mph) 59.

Ratio of translation to maximum speed 0.20 Tornado data input file TORNADO.CSV Tornado data output file 1 Brunswick2.out Tornado data output file 2 Brunswick2.tor box boundaries -- lat, long 32.9'580 34.9580 77.0110 79.0110 box dimensions (mi): E-W, N-S, Area 114.625 138.194 4752.159 Strike Lengths by F-Scale F No. Tot Len Ave Len S L(Len) S L(Len) Var. GM Len Exp. Len 0 58 33.300 0.574 -72.763 152.027 1.047 0.285 0.481 1 50 80.317 1.606 -17.503 84.625 1.570 0.705 1.545 2 27 181.363 6.717 23.122 81.669 2.291 2.355 7.404 3 7 28. 437 4.062 6.405 14.756 1.271 2.497 4.713 4 5 38.116 7.623 8. 623 17.687 0.563 5.611 7.434 5 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Strike Areas by F-Scale F No. Tot. Area Ave. Area S L(Area) S L(Area) Var. GM Area Exp. Area 0 58 0.717 0.012 -329.287 1997.377 2.205 0.003 0.010 1 50 8.633 0.173 -204.013 973.057 2.813 0.017 0.069 2 27 -12.860 0.476 -61.720 261.421 4.457 0.102 0.944 3 7 13.861 1.980 -3.915 31.667 4.211 0.572 4.694 4 5 13.233 2.647 0.948 10.491 2.062 1.209 3.390 5 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 I Cumulative Expected Lengths q; 170 147 2.4594 -52.1152 350.7635 2.2605 2.1721 1, 104 89 3.6880 20. 6479 198.7364 2.1792 3.7494 2' 45 39 6.3568 38.1506 114.1118 1.9690 7.1188 3 i 12 12 5.5461 15.0284 32.4428 1.1351 6.1715 4 .. 5 5 7.6232 8.6232 17.6865 0.5629 7.4342

         .5 '      0     0        0. 0000           0.0000           0. 0000          0. 0000          0. 0000 Cumulative Expected Areas 0     170   147        0.3661         -597.9862       3274.0127            5.7241           0.2994 1     104    89        0.5955         -268.6988       1276.6354            5.2293           0. 6674 2    1k45    39        1.0977          -64.6861         303.5789           5. 0331          2. 3582 3      12    12        2.2578           -2.9665          42.1581           3.4521           4..3878 4       5     5        2.6466            0. 9482         10.4912           2.0623           3..38 98 5       0     0        0.0000            0.0000           0.0000           0.0000           0.0000 Total number of segments =             170 F Class                         0             1             2             3            4               5 Number                        66            59             33             7            5               0 Cumulative                  170            104             45            12            5               0
         # with length                     58            50            27             7             5              0 Ave. Length,                0.57          1.61           6.72          4.06         7.62           0.00
         # with length cum               147             89            39            12             5         i    0 Cumulative length             2.4 6         3.69           6.36          5.55         7 . 62         0.00 27             7            5               0
         # with area                   58            50 Average area              0.01            0.17          0.48          1.98          2.65          0.00
         # with area cum             147             89             39            12            5 Cumulative area           0.37            0.60          1.10          2.26          2.65          0.00
         #    with length                  58           50             27             7             5              0 Exp. Length                 0.48          1.54           7.40          4.71         7.43           0.00
         # with length cum               147            89             39            12             5             10 Cumulative length             2.17          3.75           7.12          6.17         7.43           0.00
         # with area                   58            50             27             7            5               0 Expected area             0 .01           0.07          0.94          4.69          3.39          0.00
         # with area cum             147             89             39            12            5               0 Cumulative area           0.30            0.67-         2.36          4.39          3.39          0.00 Average Values F Class                 0             1              2            3                            5 1

Brunswick2.out 1/14i2005 '4, Point Probablity 2.11E-04 2.08E-04 1.68E-04 1.06E-04 5.19E-05 0.OOE+00 Line Probablity 6.21E-05 5.70E-05 4.25E-05 9.88E-06 5.66E-06 O.OOE+00 Total Probablity 2.73E-04 2.65E-04 2.10E-04 1.16E-04 5.75E-05 O.OOE+00 Expected Values F Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 Point Probablity 2.OOE-04 2.72E-04 4.16E-04 2.06E-04 6.65E-05 O.OOE+00 Line Probablity 5.48E-05 5.79E-05 4.76E-05 .1.10E-05 5.52E-06 O.OOE+00 Total Probablity 2.54E-04 3.30E-04 4.64E-04 2.17E-04 7.20E-05 O.OOE+00 Design data using standard speed distributions Tornado Region 3 Weibull Parameters -49.22 1.380 60.28 1.491 51.31 1.411 62.08 1.510 Strike Probabilities 2.OOE-04 5.48E-05 3.78E-04 7.39E-05 Strike Probabilities vs Wind Speed Speed Expected 95 % (mph) Point Line Total Point Line Total

41. 2.OE-04 5.5E-05 2. 5E-04 3.8E-04 7.4E-05 4. 5E-04

75. l.lE.-04 3.5E-05 1. 4E-04 2. 1E-04 4. 9E-05 2. 6E-04 100. 5.4E-05 2.OE-05 7. 4E-05 1.1E-04 2. 9E-05 1. 4E-04 125. 2.4E-05 1.OE-05 3. 4E-05 4.9E-05 1. 5E-05 6.4E-05 150. 9.6E-06 4.7E-06 1.4E-05 2. OE-05 6.9E-06 2. 7E-05 175. 3. 6E-06 2.OE-06 5. SE-06 7. 5E-06 2. 9E-06 1.OE-05 200. 1.2E-06 7.5E-07 2. OE-06 2.6E-06 1. lE-06 3.7E-06 225. 4. OE-07 2.7E-07 6.7E-07 8. 4E-07 4. 1E-07 1.2E-06 250. 1.2E-07 8.8E-08 2.lE-07 2.5E-07 1. 4E-07 3. 9E-07 275. 3.5E-08 2.7E-08 6.2E-08 7.2E-08 4.2E-08 1. IE-07 300. 9.6E-09 7.9E-09 1.8E-08 2.OE-08 1.2E-08 3.2E-08 325. 2.5E-09 2.2E-09 4.7E-09 5. OE-09 3. 4E-09 8. 4E-09 350. 6.2E-10 -5,6E-10 1.2E-09 1.2E-09 8.8E-10 2. lE-09 375. 1. 5E-10 1.4E-10 2.9E-10 2.8E-10 2. lE-10 4. 9E-10 400. 3.4E-11 3.2E-l1 6. 6E-11 6.2E-1l 5.OE-ll l.lE-10 425. 7.5E-12 7.OE-12 1. 5E-li 1.3E-11 l.1E-ll 2. 4E-ll Expected pressure drop rate and total 1.OE-05 1.OE-06 1.OE-07 Maximum wind speed (mph) 159. 216. 265.

V trans (mph) 32. 43. 53. V rot (mph) 128. 173. 212. Rmax (ft) 213. 282. 285. total press. drop (psi) 0.56 1.02 1.55 dp/dt (psi/s) 0.123 0.230 0.423 V trans (mph) S5. .5. S. V rot (mph) 154. I211. 260. Rmax (ft) 176. 231. 232. total press. drop (psi) 0.82 1.53 2.33 dp/dt (psi/s) 0.034 0.048 0.074 95% pressure drop rate and total 1.OE-05 1.OE-06 1.OE-07 Maximum wind speed (mph) 176. 230. 278. V trans (mph) 35. 46. 56. V rot (mph) 141. 184. 222. Rmax (ft) 193. 265. 272. Total press. drop (psi) 0.68 1.16 1.70 dp/dt (psi/s) 0.183 0.296 0.508 V trans (mph) S. 5. 5. V rot (mph) 171. 225. 273. Rmax (ft) 159. 217. 222. Total press. drop (psi) 1.01. 1.74 2.56. dp/dt (psi/s) 0.047 0.059 0.085 Normal End 2

.;,, . NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms 0 NCDC/ Climate Resources/ Climate Data/Events /Storm Events /Results /Search /Help Query Results Mag: Magnitude 70 HAIL event(s) were reported in Brunswick County, Dth: Deaths North Carolina between 01/01/1950 and 09/30/2004. Inj: Injuries PrD: Property Damage Click on Location or County to display Details. CrD: Crop Damage I of 4 1/18/2005 2:30 PM

N.CDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stormns North Carolina Location or County lnDate 1lTime ll Type llMag Dth PrDC l1 BRUNSWICK l105/11/1979 111400 llHail l 1.00 in.0 FO] [E l (2 BRUNSWICK 107/04/1979 1840 llHail 1l1.00 in. 0 1010 [o 3 BRUNSWICK ll 04/04/1980 1143 llHail 1l0.75 in.f 1 1 io (4 BRUNSWICK f04/14/1984 1f0355 IlHail 1l1.75 in. 1 70 0 [oI (5BRUNSWICK f05/16/1985 ff1607 l1Hail 11F.00 in. 1 f . fo F 16 BRUNSWICK [[05/29/1986 f1627 Hail 10.75 in. [fo o f 7BRUNSWICK lf06/02/1986 111300 ll Hail 1o 0.75 in. fo Co fo (8 BRUNSWICK 06/02/1986 1300 Hail 0.75 in. f o 0 o [9 BRUNSWICK 07/25/1986 1250 Hail 10.75 in. 11fo 1 [ 10 BRUNSWICK lf 04/25/1987 11300 IHail 1.00 in. fO O O I1 BRUNSWICK 1104/25/1987 111320 IHail 10-75 in.10 °f 1 1 (12 BRUNSWICK 1107/15/1987 l1000 JHail l 0.75 in.1 fIEj 0 1] (13 BRUNSWICK 1104/27/1989 lf2000 ]lHail ]1.75 in. 11 f 0 10 114 BRUNSWICK lf04/30/199 f1900 llHail Ji .00 in. lf<fo (15 BRUNSWICK 1f04/30/1991 ff1340 llHai1 10.75 in. o.fL o 116 BRUNSWICK 1106/21/1992 (1330 ](Hail 10.75 in.J 0° [o° 1 1 117BRUNSWICK [1330 Ffo6/21/1992]175ino Iai1 fii0o ll° fT (18 Bolivia Jfo03/17/1996 l11120AMllHail 10.75 in.J 0- f ]f 19 Leland Jf06/12/19961f 33 PM Hail 11.75 in. [1o 1 Fo (20Leland 1106/13/1996 1102:27PM ](Hail 111.75in. iL o 110 [21 Leland 1107/03/1996 l 04:10 PM llHail ] 1.0 0 in. f f jo [o 122 Ash ll07/03/1996 (12:40 PM llHail 1l1.50 in. l 1(olg (23 Shallotte ll 04/22/1997 11:15 PM llTstm Wind/hail l Okts. ][270K [ 124 Bolivia [[06/03/1997 (12:25 PM llHail 11.50 in. O ]° [IE 1 [25 Leland ll 07/05/1997 lf 09:00 PM ll Hail 1-5in. 0o ° o ]o (26 Calabash f[08/05/1997 :02:15 PM ]Hail 11.50 in- 1[<i[ 4 (27 Shallotte [ 08/05/1997 [02:40 PM llHail in]0 (6( jo 28 Seaside f08/05/1997 o03:00 PM ltm Wind/hail kts. i!°( )[o f (29 Supply fl04/09/1998 ff 07:17 AMl(Hail f10.75 in. lFf V o F 1 130 Leland [104/09/1998 fo07:33 AM](Hail f 1.0 in. 1 f 1 1 (31 Ash ff04/22/1998f[03:3I PM]llHail ffo.75oin.ffo 0 fo 2 of 4 1/18/2005 2:30 PM

XCDC: Query Output http:/lwww4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stonns 132 Shallotte [[05/04/1998 03:40 PM [Hail [0.75 in. O 0 o 0 1 33 Holden Beach [05/04/1998 J [ PM Hail 04:30 in.. __L_0.75 ° ____ 34 Leland [05/04/1998 05:05 PM [Hail [l1.25 in. [0 [ 35 Leland [05/08/1998l 07:20 PM 1Hail [l1.00 in. [ [[ [ O [ - Maco[ l05/17/1998 [36 05:20PM 1Hail [[1.25 in. [fo [6 o ° 37 Leland l[05/23/1998 [[02:00 PM [[Hail [[0.75 in.- 1[[6 [ [o 38 Leland 104:10PM [[Hail [[06/13/1998 in. l[o0 - -0.750 39 Leland l[08/19/1998 ]°3:35PM [[Hail [l1.00 in. [f 6 [[o 40 SUDPIY [l05/14/19991 03:24PM [[Hail [o1.75 in.jo [o 3o 41 Bolivia ll05/14/1999 03:43 PM [Hail l1.75 in.o I[nO -] 42LoneBeach ][05/14/1999.1 [[Hail [3H59PM - [0.88 in. pJo - i[ 43 Southport ll05/14/1999 104:45 PM [Hail [1.75 in-i1[6 [ [I 44 Supply [ 04/18/2000 12:15 AM [[Hail I [[0.75 in. 1K[tL7li° Ash l[04/28/2000 [45 102:40 PM [[Hail [l0.88 in. j[o 0 10-1 [46 Winnabow 1[04/28/2000 [[03:13 PM [[Hail - 0 in. [o U[ [oFo.75 11Fi 147 Leland ll 04/28/2000 0 [ PM [[Hail [[1.o0 in. ]oI[ [I-[ 148 Grissettown l[04/29/2000 j 07:55 PM [[Hail [[0.75 in. Jo Jo 1 l49 Holden Beach l[05/25/2000 l[05:25 PM [[Hail [[0.88 in. l[E 0° O- Uo 150 Leland l[o0528/2000 ll 02:10 PM [[ail [[0.75 in. jo__[ K l51 Caswell Beach ll05/28/2000 [l03 22 PM [[Hail [0.75 in I[HL1I[o 1o [52Ash . [07/16/2000J08:57PM0 [al _ [!.75 in. ][ol!o[[oI I [53 Holden Beach l[04/01/2001 [[01:15 PM] Hail [llO75 in. U100 1! 154 Bolivia [04/01/2001 [[01:30 PMl Hail [[0.75 iRn.[o i[oF 1[o 1 [55Ash l05/26/2001 1 :05PM 1[Hail [1.75 in.[ [o o [°° ll56Leland [105/28/2001 [111:43 AM[Hail I1.75in. 1o ° o 57Shallotte [05/28/2001 [[12:25PM [[Hail [0.75 in [o Loj < [[ 158 Holden Beach 1l03/11/2003 [[10 35AM[[Hail [[0.75 in. o[[ 0 lO [59sgLong Beach [l03/1 1/2003 [[10:45 AM[[IHail Hai [[1.00 in. KIj[VOl Fo]F-- [[o [oLLI 160 Southport [[03/11/2003 ll10:56AM [Hail i.oo in.j o 7o I =o 161 Leland [03/11/2003 [[12:15 PM [[Hail 1[- 75_in. ] o 6 [o :1[ 162 Leland  ![03/11/2003 [[12:27PM [Hail [o E75Cin. [ =01[o K]o [263 Maco [105/03/2003 !09:28 IEg PM [Hail _ -[.00_in. _ _ ][ 1[67 FO _ o l fo!,I 3 of 4 1/18/2005 2:30 PM

NC.DC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms Leland 05/31/2003 ll104:25 PM Hail 111.25 in. Io ° ilrH 165 Maco -107/12/2003 112:57PM llHail 110.75 in. KIK°F I l66 Leland ll08/23/2003 1104:06 PM JFHail ll0.88 in. l 0J[or 67 Winnabow 1l06/03/2004 I101:35 PM ]lHail in. l 01O088 0 ° 1 r0 l68 Leland 1l06/03/2004 11U1:45 PM jI1jjO88in __ ____ n _ 69 Leland 106/03/2004 101:50 PM Hail 110.88 in. 0 [ 0 [0 170 Leland 1106/03/2004 101:55PM lHail ll11.25 in.Fo 2o 110 TOTALS:0 1[O O 45K1 O Top of Page

        @ NCDC/ Climate Resources / Climate Data /Events /Storm         Events /Results /Search IHelp This page dynamically generated 18 Jan 2005 from:

http://www4. ncdc. noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi. dllww.Event-storms Please send questions or comments about this system to Stuart.Hinson(denoaa.gov Please see the NCDC Contact Page ifyou have questions or comments. 4of 4 1/18/2005 2:30 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms NCDC/ClimateResources / ClimateData/Events /Storm Events /Results /Search /Helv Query Results 4 SNOW & ICE event(s) were reported in Brunswick Mag: Magnitude County, North Carolina between 01/01/1950 and Dth: Deaths 09/30/2004. Inj: Injuries PrD: Property Damage Click on Location or County to display Details. CrD: Crop Damage North Carolina Location or County [ Date ll TirollnaType JMa-gDh[ij [D I NCZ087 -096>097 - [01/17/200011:0P Snow N/A lb t67o ] 099>101 t_ if_ _____ 2 NCZ087 - 096>097 - 01/25/2000 02:30 AM Winter N/A 0 0 0 0 099>101 Storm 3 NCZ087 - 096>097 - 01/ 0 3:00 PM Winter N/A 1 1 099>101 0>11 __ _ __ _ __ ___ _ ____ LStlonn [Sor_ __ _ _ _ _ 0 __I 4 NCZ087 -096>097 - bo0/23/2003 sro°AM@Winter N/A fo 1o 10K 099>101 1 IL LStorm ]f J{ L _ ___L__

                                   -                                       TOTALS:                            0 <1[67[]

i Top of Page

           ' NCDC/ Climate Resources / Climate Data /Events /Storm Events /Results /Search lHelp This page dynamicallygenerated18 Jan 2005from:

http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ci-win/wwczi. dllwwEvent-storms Please send questions or comments about this system to Stuart. Hinson(dJ)noaagov Please see the NCDC Contact Page ifyou have questions or comments. I of I 1/18/2005 2:32 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms N

       & NCDC/ Climate Resources / Climte Data/Events /Storm Events lResults /Search lNelp Query Results 88 THUNDERSTORM & HIGH WIND event(s) were                                             Mag:       Magnitude reported in Brunswick County, North Carolina between                                    Dth:     Deaths 01/01/1950 and 09/30/2004.                                                               Inj:    Injuries PrD:       Property Damage Click on Location or County to display Details.                                       CrD:       Crop Damage i North Carolina or           D               TLocation Time                Type            fPMagjDLPr County                                                                                          n 1 BRUNSWICK            j[03/31/1962 205P               Tstm Wind                I[69        U            0              0
                        ]   11               11 i         11                          [0kts.                 l               L

[2 BRUNSWICK [l07/04/1962l 1630 [Tstm Wind--- ][[0 [3 BRUNSWICK ll05/12/1965[ 1600 lTstm Wind 0s 0 I[C0 [ 14 BRUNSWICK 107/19/19661 1300 1Tstm Wind- ] Fokt IoJ o [o< o 5BRUNSWICK ________ _______ l 07/30/196731 077 __ stmWind _kts. 87 1 ° ° _ __ _ 6BRUNSWICK 107/20/1971J[1415 I[TStm Wind ktS1i Cf 67 o o1 WCKK 07/11/19731 [Tstm Wind _ 071o o Eo 0I l0 8BRUNSWICK 07/25/1978 202$ Tstm Wind 52 O0 l0 [0 0 11 0 , ~kts. I X 9BRUNSWICK 12/04/1978 231 1 fTstm Wind 52 o 01 l l10 BRUNSWICK I 1103/24/1979[ [14CI ll Tstm Wind F [[oiK1Fo}1[ 111 BRUNS WICK [[03/24/1979llo211 j[TstmWind IL1[Oks.11[O[0 [1l 112 BRUNSWICK 1l04/27/1980l 104$ l1Tstm Wind [oks.J0 [[ 0[[_ 113 BRUNSWICK 08/03/1982j 140 i Tstm Wind 56 0 0o 1 10 i l f1 1 li - jkts. X L L I 114 BRUNSWICK [04/18/1983[1 11 345 IOktsL°_ [[tmoWind o [o 15 BRUNSWICK 07/22/1983j 150 Tstrtm Wind l61 lo 16 BRUNSWICK 07/ 1828 Tstm Wind 0 0 '0050 __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24/ l983j 1 kts. ___ < '{o __ 1/18/2005 2:31 PM

iCDC: Query Output N' http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms

        .

17 BRUNSWICK __ __ _ __ __ _ 07/24/1983 1828 18BRUNSWICK 1l03/2111984[0045 __l__

                                                                -TstmWind

__ llTstm Wind l 51 kts. [[OKtj j U [_

                                                                                                                    }o[

0 [ 119 BRUNSWICK j[03/25/19841[0730 j[Tstm Wind [I J[1o 120 BRUNSWICK 1103/25/19841l0800 JTstm Wind [o- ] 0 _[oI[ CH 121 BRUNSWICK 1107/25/1985110615 JTstmWind [[n__o [ 110 122 BRUNSWICK [06/17/1986ll1930 lTstm Wind o0kts_ 0 3o [23 BRUNSWICK ll04/15/1987ll1210 lTstm Wind J to Fo-7 1 [24 BRUNSWICK 1107/15/1987J[1445 lTstm Wind J[i1 [0110 25 BRUNSWICK ll09/04/1988 11908 [Tstm Wind 65I10 10o l 126 BRUNSWICK 1105/05/19891 2105 l[Tstm Wind 110 kts.0 0 I 1FO-27 BRUNSWICK 1j05/22/1990j 1300 [[Tstm Wind 11 k os:: 0[[ _ [28 BRUNSWICK 1107/01/19901 1800 l[Tstm Wind 10 kts. [6V[0 [o 129 BRUNSWICK 1103/03/19911 1025 [Tstm Wind ][ks U [[S][[ [30 BRUNSWICK 107/01/1992111730 [TStmWind JFoo s 7[o r31 BRUNSWICK 107/01/1992 1753 lTstm Wind [s U0 0

                                                , ll11           11                              11kts.        L     <                     X 32 Shallotte              J03/04/1993Jl0530           .[High            Winds               ok         3[J6o[

33 BRUNSWICK 05/08/1994 iThunderstorm __ 34 Near Holden 09/18/1994{[ 1655 ljThunderstorm N/A 10 Beach _ _ A li Winds - ___<<L K 35 Near Long Beach 09/18/1994 Thunderstormw N/A 0 0j V 36 BRUNSWICK ll01/07/1995ll0500 1Thunderstorm N/A10 10K (0 [ ll ll 12 ~~Winds 1 1 IJ 1 37 BRUNSWICK 01/15/1995 040 Thunderstorm N/A 0f _W L__ _ _ _ _ inds __ l _ _ 38 Exumr 103/23/19951915 llThunderstorm N/A 0 [K [ Winds __ J IL 139 BRUNSWICK 1106/07/19951 1515 [lThunderstorm Wind [ IEAoJJo ji 40 BRUNSWICK 1106/12/1995 1805 [Thunderstorm Wind N/A 0f [60 Mph IL__ J06/12/1995J _____________ __ _ _ _ __ (41 BRUNSWICK _____ _____ ____ ____ _ 1815 __ [Thunderstorm Wind

                                                                  ~1 65mph                        11

[N/A I LI t 1 IL I 2of 5 1/18/2005 2:31 PM

IINiCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stonns 42 BRUNSWICK 06/12/1,995l1820 Thunderstorm Wind/iN/A 0 ll Trees 1______ -1 43 BRUNSWICK 06/12/1995 1830 Thunderstorm 1N/A 0l 1 __ Wind/awning ___ ][2K__ ILI

                                                                                             -1Thunderstorm 44 BRUNSWICK I   _____            _____

06/12/1995111845 ___ _ 4 _98 Mph Wind N/A 11____ 0 O][25K]1U 11 IL I 45 BRUNSWICK 06/12/19951150 Thunderstorm Wind/iN/ V[1K f0 l46Leland [07/03/1995J[1430 Thunderstorm NuA l I l 11 ~~Winds 1 IL I I 47 New Hanover 07/03/1995 1620 Thunderstorm lW inds 1 IL 1N/A ol IL 0 if _______________ _ __ __ _ _ 48 Sunset Beach 11/07/1995ll755 Thunderstorm 0 J0 ff0 I 11 IL 11 ~~Winds 1 L I L 49 Ocean Isle Beach 11/07/1995 lS00 Thunderstorm N/A I 0 0 50 Holden Beach 11/07/1995 1 hunderstorm _ _ __ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W inds J _ _ o ~ ~ 51 LongBeach 11/07/19951 182 Thunderstorm N/A I I l52 Southport l11/07/1995l1825 Thunderstorm U I l _____lThunderstorm N/A ilf l53 Bolivia ll11/11/1995 1950 Thunderstorm N/A [j l54 Winnabow 04/26/1996 0220 PM Tstm Wind tr JLrjXo r 0 } S5 5l Leland ll 07/30/1996 ,04:20 PM l Tstm Wind Ir WjO 0 [56 Southport 110/08/1996 { T05:20AM stm Wind 55 1 U O 01 ' 1 _______ 11 ___ ____ IL _ 11

                                                                                                                              -            2           ILkt-=L-.i 57 SUP1I                                  02/14/1997 11:50PM                              TstmWind                       50                                                  1 l58 Shallotte                             104/22/1997 l11:15 PM                        j[Tstm Wind/hail                110 kts.o 10 1120K o1]

59Leland 07/05/19971 09:10 PM Tstm Wind 50 0 70 0 _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ k ts . _ 160 Seaside 1l08/05/19971 03:00PM Tstm Wind/hail IL° kts.1 1 2K 61 Long Beach 11/02/1997 102:55 AM 1 Tstm Wind [ 11°°055 7[ 3 of 5 1/18/2005 2:31 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storns tIt I 62 Ash 03/09/1998 0305M Tstm Wind J]65f O 0 63 Caswell Beach 03/09/1998: A Tstm Wind 60 [ 0 0 0/7/1998 10 0640Leland Tstm Wind 5[0J{6 0 0

                                                                                               .t       .

65 Bolivia 0/07/199 1:20PM Tstm Wind 65 J O o 66 Ash 05/27/1998 1:Tstm Wind 60 j 1K 67 Supply 06/19/1998 05:55 PM Tstm Wind 6f 3 01 68 Maco 07/31/1998 04:451PM lTstm Wind 65 0 50 0 kts. . . _ ___ _ 69 Lona Beach 9/03/1998 Tstm Wind 6MS S09/03/1998 55 ITstm Wind 65if 71 Southport 01/03/1999 03:30AMfTstm Wind 6l 0 72 Southport 07/09/1999Tstm W ind 60]1 3 73 Longwoo 05/25/2000 05:10 Tstm Wind 60 i 0 74 Shallotte 07/21/2000 03:57 P Tstm Wind 55 lo 5 0 1 75 NCZ087 - 097 - 099>101 76 NCZ097 - 117 _ _ 03/0620 _ _ 18:30 P _ 11: 00 _ - High Wind _ High Wind _ _ _ _ 52 kts._ 50 5 _ 0 __ 100>101, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ks. U_ ____ _ 77 Winnabow 04/01/200102:30 Tstm Wind 5 1 0 30 78 Longwood 08/29/2001 01:30 Tstm Wind 52 0 0 lol 79_Leland 0 /10/2002 06:15 Tstm Wind 60 iO0{O ___ L_ ___ -kts._ 80 Winnabow W06 1P4/2002 PM Tstm0Wind 0 4of 5 1/18/2005 2:31 PM

NCDC: Query Output IQr thttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms 81 Leland 0720/2 04:55 M Tstm Wind 5 f 10 82 Maco 08/24/2002 00 M Tstm Wind 115 0 0 83 Winnabow 02/22/2003 04:15 PM Tstm Wind 0 kts. 84 Leland /09/2003 10 M Tstm Wind t  ; 0 O 85 NCZ096>097 - 03/07/2004 09:30 PM l High Wind 57 l 10K 099>101 ' 11 11 kts. IL I ___ 86 Leland 06/03/2004 01:50 PM Tstm Wind 61 O10 0 87 Southort 07/17/2004 Tstm Wind 65 107 I_ 88 Leland 07/17/2004 12:50 PM Tstm Wind 6 10 ~ 0 01 60 O ° _ TOTALS 0FOKJ]

     !I Top of Page G NCDC/ Climate Resources / Climate Data /Events /Storm Events /Results /Search /Help This page dynamically generated18 Jan 2005 from:

http://www4. ncdc. noaazov/cgi-win/wwcgi. dll?wwEvent-storms Pleasesend questions or comments about this system to Stuart.Hinson(dgnoaa.gov Pleasesee the NCDC Contact Page ifyou have questions or comments. 5of 5 1/18/2005 2:31 PM

  - NCDC: Query Output                                     http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms r.

W NCDC/ Climate Resources / Climate DatalEvents /Storm Events/Results /Search /Help Query Results 27 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM event(s) Mag: Magnitude were reported in South Carolina between 01/01/1950 and Dth: Deaths 09/30/2004. . Inj: Injuries PrD: Property Damage Click on Location or County to display Details. CrD: Crop Damage I of 3 1/18/2005 1:43 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storns South Carolina Count.y

              *Lcto   r   j1X Date                    m TieType              y         JA1xMag       DhIj             rDjCrD 1 Statewide       [08/28/1995 2359                    Tropical Storm                    ON/A 0           lPtO.OM    1OOK

[2 SCZ034 [06/18/1996 [10:00 AM[ Tropical Storm [[N/A[i o lo I [3SCZ046 06/18/19961 [O:0 AM] Tropical Storm [[N/A]I [j 11 [4 SCZ046 107/11/1996 M [[Hurricane [N7/A [[o JO 5 SCZ044>045 f 0 7/1 2 /1 9 96 OlO Hurricane

        -047>050                                         A    Hra                     N         00 16 SCZ034            1l07/12/1996ll11:              AM1 Hurricane              [N/A][          l[        780K     Jo° 7_SCZ034          ll07/12/19961:00AMlHurricane                                 [N/A            [800K              500K      g

[8SCZ049>o050 [08/31/1996][10:00AMl[Hurricane [N/A 0 0 0 0 [9 SCZ034 l[09/05/1996]! 10:00 AM [iHurricane ' 1 0 1.OM 19.8M ifNA0 050 Ih 10 SCZ045 - [[09/05/19961 10:00AM Hurricane __ I 0 0 0 I I11 SCZ046 1[09/05/19961 10:00 AMllHurricane I[N/AjK[o [o lo [120SCZ046 [1o/08/19961 03:00AMl Tropical Storm IN l/A[o [13 SCZ034 J[10/08/1996l04:00 AM [Tropical Storm ][N/A [[[o fo [14 SCZ050 j[08/26/1998 08:15 AM [Hurricane [/AI o Io [o I [i SCZO34 l108/26/1998 12:00PM [Hurricane I[N/A][ 38M [[o 1116SCZ034- ll08/30/1999ll12:00AMjHurricane 1 F[NFA ojFo 0o l 17 SCZ034 - 1K/A Y r fo 046 18 SCZ034 - 09/15/1999 06:00 PM1[Hurricane _ 09/15/1999 _ _ L_ 120 _ MHurricane IL[N/A L-L 0 [ r7O _ L - 042>46 18SCZ040- 09/15/1999 12:00APM Hurricane N/A 0 0 I0M 0 047 05 - 11042>045 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ , 11 _ _ _ _ ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ l _ _ _ 1t r__ 11 __ _11_ 1047>050 111 L L I111 ll19 ll10/17/1999ll12:00 AM lHurricane N/A 0l i~ 0 l 0 SCZ044>045 - 050 20 SCZ040 - 09/17/2000 08:00 AM Tropical Storm N/A 0 0 0 lO 042>045 - 1048>050 1 ll L LL 1 11 21 SCZ045 - 08/14/2004 07:00AMHurricane/typhoon/l 05008/14/2004 07:OOAM N/A6[j[ 05 22 SCZ034- 08/14/200408:00 Hurricane/typhoonN/A 0 3 6.5M 046 I 2of 3 1/18/2005 1:43 PM

' NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms 23 08/29/2004 06:00 AM Tropical Storm N/A 0 0 16.6M 0 SCZ044>045 -_= 050 24 SCZ017 - 08/29/2004 09:00 AM Tropical Storm N/A 0 0l 320K 0 023>024 - 032>03 3 - 039

         - 046 25 SCZ016 -      08/29/2004 09:30 AM Tropical Storm           N/A 0         0      0          0 029-031 -036
         -038 26 SCZ016 -      09/07/2004        PM Tropical Storm          N       0     0      0        1 030> 031__           _  _ _   4: 0      } r p c_                 _    __       -      _ _ _      _ _  _

27 SCZ43 - 09/28/2004 Tropical Storm N/A 0 0 0 0 047>050 _ _ _ _ [ o ic l_ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ TOTALS:IE 1E 56.800Mll20.400Mll

        !ITop of Page
           @  NCDC/ Climate Resources / ClimateData /Events /Storm Events /Results /Search /IHe2 This page dynamically generated18 Jan 2005from:

http://www4. ncdc.noaagov/cgi-win/wwcgi. dllONwwEvent-storms Please send questions or comments about this system to Stuart.Hinsoninoaa.gov Please see the NCDC Contact Page ifyou have questions or comments. 3 of 3 1/18/2005 1:43 PM

NCDC: Query Output hitp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stonns W NCDC/ Climate Resources / Climate Data /Events /Storm Events /Results /Search /Help Query Results 14 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM event(s) Mag: Magnitude were reported in Georgia between 01/01/1950 and Dth: Deaths 09/30/2004. Inj: Injuries PrD: Property Damage Click on Location or County to display Details. CrD: Crop Damage I of 3 1/18/2005 1:47 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-stonns A. Georgia Location or County Date lType G- Dt9h PrD 1C 1 Southwest And South 10/04/1995 0000 Hurricane N/A °0 0 0 0 C Opal r

• _ _ .

2 GAZ816>119 - 07/11/1996l 10:00 PM Hurricane N/A 0 0 0 0 138>141. _ 3 GAZ121 - 124>125 - 09/03/1998 12:00 AM Tropical N/A 0 0 650K 0 127 -129>131- Storm 142>143 - 145 - 148 - 1155>157 - 159>161 _________ 4GAZ087>088- 09/15/1999 12:00PM Hurricane N/A 0 0 0 0 099>101 - 114>119-137>141 N/A 1 l5-GAZ039 -050>051 - 073 -0107 1060>061- PM Tropical Storm ___ l0 V_ _.__ __ 6GAZ142>143 -146- 09/14/2002l06:00PM lTropical IN/A l 10 15.7 M {2.2M 155>158 _ _ ___. ____ Stormr 1LI _ __11 7 GAZO01>009 - 09/14/2002 11:00 AM Tropical N/A 0 00 O 011>016 - 019>025 - Storm 027 - 030>039 - 041>062 - 066>076 - 078>086 - 089>098 - 102>1 13 _ _ __ _______ 8 GAZ001>009 - 07/01/2003 12:00 AM Tropical N/A 0 0 l00 011>016 - 019>025 - Depression 027 - 030>039 - 041>062 - 066>076 - 078>086 - 089>098 - 102> 1 13 _ _ 1 _ _ __ I __ I __ IL _

                                                                                                             -

_ _____ 9 GAZ120>122 - 09/05/2004 04:00 PM FTropical N/A n0 012.2M [o II 124>129 -142>148 - 155>160 . _ _ Storm _ _ __ .I11 __ 1OGAZ132>136- 09/05/20041[12:O1AMlTropical j N/A 0 i1 149>154 -162>166 ll _ _ *Storm ___ ___ _ _ _ _ 11GAZ120>123-125 09/15/2004 12:00PPM Tropical 0 l2.OM 00/

         - 129 - 142>146 -                                       Storm
        -155>161                  l              ll                                 L     L~

lN/AlO 11 10 12 GAZ132>136 - l149>154 -162>166 _ _ _____[Storm 09/25/2004 12:00PM Tropical ___ ___

                                                                                                       .11

_ _ __ 13 GAZ125>127 - 09/26/2004 06:00 PM Tropical N/A 0 0 2.2M 0 129>131 - 143>148 - Storm 156>161 2of 3 1/18/2005 1:47 PM

NCDC: Query Output http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent-storms 1

      .1Top of Page NCDC / Climate Resources / Climate Data/Events /Storm Events /Results /Search /Help This page dynamically generated 18 Jan 2005from:

http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-winlwwczi. dllwwEvent-storms Please send questions or comments about this system to Stuart.Hinson(gnoaagov Pleasesee the NCDC ContactPage ifyou have questions or comments. 3 of 3 1/18/2005 1:47 PM

Species Information - Office of Protected Resources? - NOAA Fisheries Page I of 2 ~I4W, -z 4-~?e 4A,ka- -- (NDAN A 2crno,)K NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources Home I About Us I Species Info I Permits I Laws & Policies I Programs I Educat r-Species Information Species Information The Office of Protected Resources works E Marine Turtles to conserve and recover species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) U Marine Mammals and the Marine Mammal Protection Act E CetaCeans (MMPA) in partnership with NOAA E Pinnipeds Fisheries Regions and Science Centers, B Marine and Anadro mus environmental organizations, industry Marine Turtles I Fish groups, other Federal and state agencies, M. and the academic community. U Marine Invertebrates and Plants Species Numbers, Types, and Status There are 1,290 U.S. species* listed under the ESA. The Office of Protected Contact Us Resources manages mostly marine and anadromous species, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages the remainder of the listed species, mostly Marine and I terrestrial and freshwater species. Anadromous InvM Fish a The Office of Protected Resources manages:

• 61 ESA-listed species How You Can Help
• 43 species of concern gponsibLe Wldlif VIewi
• approximately 175 marine mammal Report a Beached Marine stocks listed under the MMPA. Report Wildlife Harassmer Call NOAA's Office of Law I 24-hour hotline:

Threats (800) 853-1964 Key threats to marine species are largely due to human Impacts, including accidental capture In fishing gear, habitat *species is defined as sp destruction, pollution, overharvest, and subspecies, distinct popul, ship strikes. These threats may contribute segments (DPSs), or Evol to a species' status asAhreatened or Significant Units (ESUs), X endangered. For more information on on how they were listed u threats, please visit our web pages for ESA. each species group. For More Information Integrated Taxonomic Information System Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Learn about marine; Reports Recovery-P[arns Status Reviews. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service - Endangered http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/ 6/28/2005

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           -42,                                                                                          6/28/2005

WOAA - Office of Protected Remurces Page I of 4 Prot:ecte .  : r ::: :iNews and Hot Topics QOM FiIeis NoaNai Fh~sSIc conserving protected marine res ces and maintaining marine biodivel Ait LI i ii i M - I E%=m MaxI=-M i r S. Species of Concein and Candidate Species Purpose of the Species of Concern list:.

• Identify species potentiaIly at risk;
• Identify data deficiencie and uncertainties in.

species' status and threats;

           *Increase public awaren ss about those species

• Stimulate cooperative research efforts to obtain the information necessry to evaluate species status and threats; and t species
• Foster voluntary efforts oconservethespecies before listing becomes warranted.1 Why are Most Former Cani(date Species Now "Species of Concern"?

Under the ESA, a Candidate Species is one that is being considered for listing as an endangered or a threatened species. Most former Candidate Species had uncertain biologic status and threats, but were not actively being considered for listing under the ESA. In fact,: former Candidate Species hqd undergone an ESA biological status review determining that was "not warranted," but significant concerns or uncertainties remained regarding their extin risk and/or threats. A, To better reflect the purposeI the list that NOAA Fishe Is maintains, these species are n considered"Species of Conc rn' (64 FR 19975- April 15, 04 View the Official Notice). Or those species that are being actively considered for ESA li~ti g are also "Candidate SpecieE Neither status carries any proce uralor substantive protctions under the ESA. For more information, please see our Frequently Asked ue1tions on Species of Concern a Candidate Species Species of Concern List Common 7 name Genusand AddeA (click for Species l to List .Population or Area of Conc, species , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ iprofile,) - I~- t - - r%11R1runn'r

NOAA - Office of Protected Resources Page 2 of 4-I Marine Mammals whale {LDeIPhinaPterus Monodontidae IE19 AK (Cook Inlet population) Ikiller whale lIlOrcinus orca l[lDephinidae 2001 lWA (Southern Resident populatic Fishes ldusky shark I[ Carcharhinus [Carcharhinidae 197l Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico; Pacific sand tiaer] Odontaspis Od dd i . shark ][taurus Odontaspididae 199A Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico niht shark Iarcharinus lCarcharhinidae 1 Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico llargztooth llPrsi pss lPristidae iFf1Noth and South America - tropicz Isavwfish I_______________ subtropical waters [barndoor Rajalaevis RRajidae 1 99 Cape Hatteras, NC to Newfoundl

      ~skate                                       ____jjCanada                    i thorny skate llRaja radiata            l[Rajidae                2004 lAtlantic-West Greenland to NY Atlantic               Acipenser oxyrinchus       Acipenseridae          1988        fNorth America, Atlantic coastal w sturgeon           oxyrinchus    .11 Pacific-northern DPS* (including coastal spawning populations fro green                  Acipenser         Acipenserid            2003          Eel River north, to the Klamath ai sturgeon                medirostris            pnseae                         Rogue rivers) and southern DPS' (includes Sacramento River spav

_ population); anadromous. [Ad al-abamaA Clupeidae 1997 AL, FL, anadromous scoho Oncorhynchus Salmonidae Onorych IPacific, 1997 anadromous. Puget Sound/Strait of Georgia and Soul salmon Ikisutch jWA ESUs lsteelhead lOncorhynchus _ 1Salmonidae 1! 1997 ilPacific, anadromous. OR Coast E trout Jimykiss 11_II II Chinook JPacific,

                      -1oncorhynchuusSalmonidae                                                  Central Valley, fall and la Isalmon              JItshawytscha       1   amnda                97         [run ESU Atlantic                                                                      Atlantic, anadromous. Kennebec salmon t               Salmo salar      Salmonidae         I   1997        ITunk Stream, Penobscot River, a Croix River DPSs rainbow                Osmerus        l[Osmeridae              2004          Atlantic-Labrador to NJ; anadrorr melt                mordax         IL                  II         _II cusk Ibrosme pacfic hake llMerluccius Gadidae llGadidae           ll 204

_ __ _ 1999 _ _ __ Atlantic-Gulf of Maine. _ _ _ __ _ IlGeorgia Basin _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ I . I II r . - , . , , , A11IM;/on

X NOAA - Office of Protected Resources Page 3 of 4 [rivulus IIproductus m nr ovivu lusmarmoratus ii Jm_ Aplocheilidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 _ 1997 _ __o_ lFL IL _ estuarine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ saltmarsh lIFundulus topminnowI jienkinsi Icyprinodontidae I_______ 1991 ITX LA, MS, AL, FL I [j~y IiMenidiaIIi. sielv~erside Iconchorum Atherinidae 1991 1 j FloridaKeys brachyurus Syngnathidae IFlorida, Indian River Lagoon striped iBairdiella Scianidae 19I9 Atlantic-FL, Antilles and CaribbeE croaker lsanctaeluciae ;c _ _ from Costa Rica to Guyana. Indo-Pacific-Red Sea to the Tuar north to the Ryukyus, east to Wa humphead Cheilinus Islands, south to New Caledonia, wrasse undulatus throughout Micronesia; includes I territories of Guam and Americar __ _ lSamoa. Indo-Pacific-Red Sea and East A the Line Islands and Samoa; norl Yaeyama, south to the Great Bar bumphead Bolbometopon Scar da 2004 Reef and New Caledonia; PaulaL parroffish muricatum Caroline, Mariana in Micronesia; it occurs in Guam, American San CNMI and the Pacific Remote Isl; __ __ __ _ _ gAreas (Wake Islands). lAtlantic IlAnarhichas I Anarhlchadidae 20Atlantic-Georges Bank and westE [woffish Il1/upus ______________J of Maine. white marlin l Jlistiophorid e 20 Atlantic. 11 1! 11Pacific-Central OR to central Baj-cowcod llSebastes levis IIScorpaenidae 2004 California and Guadalupe Island, __ 11 .__ __ 11,_ _ [1Mexico. bocaccio Sebastes aenidae ][_ 9[Pacific, CA to OR Atlantic I[Hippoglossus 1lp'furonect i20l Atlantic-Labrador to southern Nei

   ~halibut           I  hippoglossus j_______                            ____England.

sled hind Epinephelus I drummondhayi 1 I; ra 9rranidae 197 iI___________ NC to Gulf of Mexico oiath lEpinephelus ILrranidae 199__NC southward to Gulf of Mexico llwarsaw IEpinephelus Serranidae 1997_IMA to Gulf of Mexico qouper ngritus - l NC southward to Gulf of Mexico lNassau Epinephelus Serranidae 111991 II+~-//"nmy tmfe -nrn~nv~wvpiqr~~e /820 6/28/2005

NOAA - Office of Protected Resources Page 4 of 4 - qrouper listriatus 11 11 11 Brachiopods inarticulate IlLingula reevii Lingulidae [2004 lPacific-Hawaii, only Kaneohe Ba Mol/usks pInk [Haotis IH Itdl 2004 lPacific-Point Conception, CA, to abalone ] corrugata _ _ Ide Tortuga, Baja California. black Haliotis Haliotidae 11 999 OR, CA, Baja CA labalone lcracherodii 1 green Igens Hlioidae 2004 fPacific-Point Conception, CA, to Magdalena, Baja California. abalone H o fulgens lHaliotidae 204 lpinto 1lHaliotis Jkarntschatkana jL 1Haliotidae 2004 20 Pacific-Sitka, AK, to Point Conce CA. abalone Anthozoans (corals) elkhorn Acroora 1d191 western Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico,-: coral rpalmata llAroorda_ f3aribbean Sea

• staghorn Acropora A poridae 11 western Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico ,

coral cervicornis a 1cro91 Caribbean Sea

• Hawaiian Montipora "Acrprda 204 [Pacific-Hawaii (Kaneohe Bay, Mi, reef coral dilitata Acroporiae It atoll, and Maro Reef).

ivory bush Oculina 'Oculinidae 19f Atlantic-West Indies, Bermuda, r\ coral varicosa IL lkulf G of Mexico, Caribbean. Staguh Acropora lAcroporidae 24 western Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico E rolieraAcrporiae Stagom 004 Caribbean Sea* Coral [roira.._____________

• NOAA Fisheries is reviewing the status of these Species of Concern as a result of petition to list ther the ESA. Therefore, they are also considered to be Candidate Species Contact Us I Related Links I Search I Regional Offices I Privacy Statement I Disclaimer I NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Fax:301-713-0376 Phone:301-713-2332 I- - . / _____X'_ - - - - - , /--/ ------- 6vs/9OMs

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4 ; State Success Stories North Carolina Fire Management Program North Carolina Fire Program

                                                 .           D~Progeramn Narrative Project Overview Cooyerative' Agencies/Fire Management Partners
           *= Sites under current fire management
                                                             .AFire Management e =Sites targeted for future fire management      Data Summarv
                                                             .North Carolina TNC Fire Program Contacts
            .,                                                             .1I Co/) S    ,-LIe                      Ih/,C    t.,.

Program Narrative The Nature Conservancy's North Carolina Chapter began its prescribed fire program in 1985 in the Green Swamp in the Southeast Coastal Plain. The chapter currently has 13 preserves covering 20,000 acres under fire management. Four additional preserves are targeted for future fire management. For the past decade, the chapter has conducted prescribed burns on an ecosystem level. These burns are designed and timed to mimic fire regimes under which the natural communities evolved, while also protecting and promoting the associated indigenous rare species. North Carolina conducts prescribed burns year-round, but mostly in the growing season to mimic wildfires as a key process. The chapter uses a nomadic fire crew which they share with the South Carolina and Virginia chapters of TNC, along with trained volunteers. Conservancy staff have developed preserve goals and state transition models for major natural communities with support from the NC Natural Heritage Program. Research and monitoring focus on rare species and experimental burns. TNC will redirect the fire I .i.I.;. management if its ecological goals are not achieved as determined by post-burn evaluations. The Neck a fire-dependent longleaf pine savanna in Green NC Photo by North Carolina Field Office staff The longleaf pine communities on the Conservancy's coastal preserves are renowned for their high diversity of herbaceous species (often more than 30 species per square meter) and endemic species such as Venus flytrap (Dionea muscipula), and rough-leaf loosestrife

(Lysimachia asperulifolia). Frequent fires (1-10 year return intervals) are critical to maintain the open character of the savannas. Open conditions are an important environmental factor for the health and persistence of associated rare species such as the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis), Venus flytrap moth (Hemipachnobia subporphyrea), the Harper's wireleaf dropseed (Sporobulus teretifolius), and the pineland plantain (Plantago sparsiflora). The chapter's staff also conducts prescribed burns in three clay-based Carolina bay preserves located in the inner coastal plain. Carolina bays are shallow, elliptical depressions that are seasonally wet and provide critical breeding habitat for amphibians such as the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), dwarf salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata), and Carolina gopher frog (Rana capito capito). They also support rare plant species such as Canby's cowbane (Oxypolis canbyil), and the awned meadow beauty (Rhexia aristosa). Prescribed burning helps to restore the longleaf pine communities on the sandy bay rim, and maintains open conditions in cypress savannas in the bays themselves. Past fire suppression allowed loblolly pines to become established on the bay rim and seed into the bays. If there is no fire to kill loblolly pine seedlings and consume organic matter in bays, succession toward pine forest in the bays seems to accelerate. Bays with a heavy loblolly pine canopy are no longer suitable habitat for the rare species targeted for protection. Smoke management is the greatest challenge when prescribed burning here, especially as more and more development occurs in the surrounding area. Pretty Pond Bay, four months after a growing season prescribed burn Photo by Margit Bucher The chapter is also using prescribed burning in the restoration and management of Piedmont prairies near Charlotte, and to maintain an

open habitat for rare pitcher plants in a seepage bog in the southern Appalachians. A Major Project Overview The Green Swamp Preserve (15,729 acres), located in southeastern North Carolina, has extensive, contiguous areas of organic soils (13,900 acres) supporting pocosin and pondpine woodland. These communities form 3-10 foot tall thickets of evergreen shrubs which are difficult to traverse. They have high fuel loads (10-20 tons/acre), and are notorious for erratic fire behavior. Organic soils, high fire intensity, erratic fire behavior, sea breezes, and extreme difficulty in establishing fire breaks create challenging conditions for prescribed burning as well as wildfire control (which is quite important to the surrounding timber plantations). Pocosin fuels tend to either not burn or burn with great intensity from late February though May, the fire season in North Carolina. Experimental pocosin bums in the Green Swamp. The unit at the bottom was burned with wet organic soils, the unit in the back with dry soils. Photo courtesy of Gary Curcio, NC DFR So far, the North Carolina chapter has conducted two experimental burns in these systems in conjunction with the US Forest Service's Intermountain Fire Sciences Lab, with extensive support from the NC Division of Forest Service. The experimental burns supported lab results predicting the moisture content at which soils would ignite or extinguish.

I For more information on these experimental burns in the Green Swamp OF Green Swamp Bum Unts ofS 0 as I mien FI#A~jr Roodil

                                                               $Uvann~BunIp)nlis ftc*I sum Unlt Po4 Pi sum Unia GIeen warmp P;  eVu Map showing bum units within Green Swamp Preserve TNC monitors the vegetation response to the different depth of burns using permanent plots. The knowledge gained from these will feed into the stage transition models, future fuel maps, and future bum plans. The NC chapter needs customized fuel models for the range of developmental stages in the pocosin, more detailed mapping of the fuels, and more research into prescription parameters to conduct larger prescribed burns in pocosin. They also need to find ways to construct fire breaks with less severe long-term impacts than plow lines to effectively and safely prescribe burns and control wildfires with minimal impacts on the soils and plant communities.

ACooperative Agencies/Fire Management Partners Following is a list of current cooperative agencies:

 -oI            Cooperative Agency                 11 II Contact Information        I I

I Cooperative Agency Contact Information

NC Division of Forest Resources-Region 1 Jim Sain Rt. 7, Box 88, Stallings Field Gary Curcio Kinston, NC 28501 252-520-2402 NC Natural Heritage Program Mike Schafale Division of Parks and Recreation, DENR Community Ecologist P.O. Box 27687 919-733-4181 Raleigh, NC 27611 USFS, Intermountain Fire Sciences Lab Kevin Ryan, Roger P.O. Box 8089 Hungerford Missoula, MT 59807 406-329-4807 USFWS-Alligator River National Wildlife Tom Crews Refuge B Fire Management Officer P.O. Box 1969 252-473-1131 Manteo, NC 27954 I NC Plant Conservation Program Cecil Frost P.O. Box 27647 919-733-3610 Raleigh, NC 27611 9 TNC Virginia Chapter if ,Judy Dunscomb 1233-A Cedars Ct. Jd u-295-6106 Charlottesville, VA 22903 TNC South Carolina Chapter D P.O. Box 5475 IDaleSoblo C a SC 2 0 803-254-9049 Columbia, SC 29250l North Carolina Prescribed Fire Management Summary YEAR l # OF BURNS l ACRES BURNED 1989 ]j 2 25 1990 3 570 1991 ]l 2 I 90 1992 7 l 207 1993 J 7 l 1179 994 5 183 1995 ][ 4 955 1996 6 153 1997 Jr 14 17 357 18 10 F 291

A 1999 11 13 11 420 2000 10 I 337

 &North Carolina Fire Program Contacts The following is a list of TNC personnel who actively work with the North Carolina Fire Program:

Name Location I1 Contact Information Margit Bucher North Carolina Field Office Margaret Fields 4011 University Dr., Suite 201 919-403-8558 Maura High Durham, NC 27707 E-mail: mbucher@tnc.org SE Coastal Plain Office Dave Fowler Bldg. 4, Unit E Fire Ecologist 2725 Old Wrightsboro Rd 910-762-4352 Wilmington, NC 28405 122 S.King St. Jeff Horton P.O. Box 568 919-794-1818 _ _ Windsor, NC 27983 I ___________________________________________ i

North Carolina Coastal Land Trust Page I of 1

                                                                                           . I ABOUT US            WHAT YOU CAN DO                NEWS & EVENTS          CONTACT PROTECTED LAND                  INFO RESOURCE            EAMPAIGN FOR SP. 'INGER'S P The North Carolina Coastal Land Trust Is a non-profit MED organization formed In 1992 to help protect locally and regionally valuable natural areas and waters. Since its inception, the Coastal Land Trust has protected over 30,000 acres of barrier Island ibeaches, riparian corridors, and other special natural areas.
                                                                                                                                       ;ei We would like to extend a special thank you to our Corporate View CURRENT EVENTS                                                                  ,Acrc JNov 5,,2005 - 2nd Annual Wrightsville Beach Kayyak Race
                                                    ,Oct 22, 2005 - Family Fun Day at Cool Springs, New Bern Oct 16, 2005 - Second Annual Outer Banks Land Trust Day Oct 15, 2005 - Second Annual Outer Banks Land Trust Day Oct 1, 2005 - MasonborojIgar dBiggSweep Sep 17, 2005 - Camilla HerleviLch ReceivesRadio Award!

NEWS RELEASES Oct 26, 2005 - Fundraising and Outreach Assistant Position Open The North Carolina Coastal Land Trust is seeking an exceptionally organized, detail-oriented individual to serve as a part-time Fundraising and ...

                                                      -i-ew Eull -Sto-ry Sep 30, 2005 - Saving land yields results Weyerhaeuser, one of the nation's largest forest products companies, did something unusual five years ago: It agreed not to disturb..

iew, Fll Story 5wATh LAND TRUST T-SHIRTS We are pleased to announce that we now have some great Coastal Land Trust logo tee-shirts for sale. They are Patagonia organic cotton tees in both men's and women's long sleeve and short sleeve and come in some great fall colors. The t-shirts are being sold for $12 for short sleeve and $18 for long sleeve and are available by mail or through our office. We can ship!, please call office.

@2004 North Carolina Coastal Land Trust. Funding for this website made possible-by Progress Energy Foundation.

North Carolina Coastal Land Trust l 131 Racine Drive, Suite 101 l Wilmington, NC 28403 I (910)-790-4524 1 AlI11'7 Inbflfl

Cape Fear River Basin Water Supply Plan http://www.ncwater.org/ Water SupplyPlanmng/Cape_ tear liasm_... WIL-Ilie ,20CZ_ V_ About DWR a Contact Us . Jobs

• News
• Staff VEREW 11-MI-MI £-

I __ _ _ _ Cape Fear River Basin Water Supply Plan On 12 July 2000, the Environmental Management Commission's (EMIC) Water Allocation Committee directed the Division of Water Resources to prepare a Cape Fear River Basin Water Supply Plan by September 2001. The initial purpose of this Cape Fear River Basin plan is to give the EMC a review of long-range, basinwide water supply issues before making Jordan Lake water supply allocations (see Future Plans). The Cape Fear River Basin Water Supply Plan will in no way dictate the future water supply activities of local units of government. Rather, the plan will rely upon information provided by local governments in their own plans and on other public information to project long-range water supply needs and how those needs might be met. The plan will identify future water supply requirements and water supply sources for that portion of the Cape Fear River Basin located above Lock and Dam #1. The plan may evaluate several water use scenarios to determine their effects on Basin water resources. These scenarios should not be interpreted as recommendations of the Division of Water Resources. Basin Water Supply Water Supply Allocation Planning

• Jordan Lake Water Supply Allocation
• Framework Reports & Publications Data & Modeling
• Cape Fear River Basin Water Supply Plan, Draft 2 (March 2002, 2.00 MB)
• Cape Fear River Basin Model
• Cape Fear River Basin Water Supply Plan, Draft 1 (December 2001, 2.18
• Review model results MB) 0 Status Report (August 2001)

If you have any questions or comments contact Phil Fragapane at phil.fragapanedncmail.net or (919)715-0389. NC Division of Water Resources, DENR - 1611 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC 27699-1611 Last Modified: 05.31.2005 Phone: (919)733-4064 - Fax: (919)733-3558 10/26/2005 11:47 AM

http://ncdst-web2.treasurer.state.nc.us/lgc/units/D_09.ht North Carolina Department of State Treasurer Financial Information AfC,2)5 ?z0 Brunswick County Financial Profile IGeneral Fund I Enterprise Funds ICash, Investments and Financing Capital Resources and Expenditures for Schools I Annual Financial Information Report Detail Financial Graphs and Comparisons IDownload Excel 97 Version of Financial Summary Institute of Government North Carolina Counties Web Site Economic Development Information System (EDIS) County Profiles Go to North Carolina County and Municipal Financial Information Home Page Go to Brunswick County Map Page The audit report that is not due until 12/01/2005 has not been received as of 09/27/05The AFIR report that is not due until 12/01/2005 has not been received as of 09/27/05 Note: All data unless otherwse specified is for the 12 month periodendino June. 30th ofthe desienatedyear

                        -Brunswick         County                ~                                                 -3                                                            I County Revenues        and    Expenditures                                                                                      1 Financial              arofile                                   2005                     2004                  2003                        2002                      2001        3    2000 Go to top of nage IRevenues by Sore-                                                                                  _     __-                                                            ,

Property Taxes $01! 68,478,6901 62,753,365 60,982,737 55,689,742 52,822,4901 Other TaxesO. 5,509,6153 3,932,679 3,165,825 2,512,047. 2,748,573 _ Sales Tax Oi0 16,636,215' 14,157,05 12,645,932 12,233,671 11,664,0823 Sales & Services 0 22,550,893 19,247,677 16,108,379 15,998,396, 15,4 _ Intergovernmental I 01 14,941,387 23,317,734 17,826,562 14,181,0801 17,944,2501 _ D Debt Proceeds i 0Q 59,562,852 18,320,000E 54,300,000Y 13,000,00(} e Other Miscellaneous- _03 5,924,8633 4,321835J 4,968,6833 8,262,924- 6,452,604-Total $0 193,604 515j 146,050,347 115,698,118 163,177,854! 120,047,233- ___ _._ -- _s_.___ TB_A__. ____ ____

                                                                               ............              _  ___                _ ____                        I ___                 __

by Function,, uxpenditures . I _ Education $0 41,638,556t 43,163,940 48,312,910 30,681,898 27,483,952. Debt Service _ 03 17,040,2113 13,013,098 13,671,262 11,403,247- 9,278,017-l Human Services 0 19,444,080 18,667,682 18,451,159 17,316,897 17,271,251' ___1G6venen 0' 18,192,279 16,223,184 19,959,76 20,793,797 13,540,497 E 3 Go~~vermnent I3{ __ Public Safety 0f 18,789,409- 13,926,294 12,749,865 12,322,973 12,682,431 lOther 0- 35,436,018. 36,080,513 33,723,7701 26,163,736- 24,652,340 E Total $0 150,540,553 141,074,711- 146,868,7281 118,682,548' 104,908,4883 E_____ IExpenditures by Object -3 .  ; _ _ _ _ ISalaries & Wages - _ $d 24.321,740& 22,476,699- 20,693,689 19 303,659 18,324,365 Capital Outlay Or.......

                                                                             ...- 1---14,739,07Z.

l'.- .11-1 14,158,201: I..- -.... i.--.---.-- 18,854,53Y. I.... .--.--- 1-

                                                                                                                                                       ----...      14,137,31C        9,235,29&--
                                                                                                                                                                                        ....-- l- --

V7.JII ryraig01 66,425,421j 57,595,922 55,534,379' 51,569,137 47,3772 Public School j CaialO 18,549,581 21,004,990 27,997,871~ 10,942483 9,478 PbiScol01 21,003,440 20,119,670' 18,430,339 17,324,079' 16,201,3121 _ _ ~Current _ _ _ _ ________ Ote___ 01 5,501,2991 5,719,229 53790 5,405,8561 4,347,997 _____ Total _______ 150_540_55 141,074,711 146,868,728 118,682,5481 104,908,4881 Per Capit Rees by ource Other Taxes 067115 41 ~ 341 ___ _____ ________01 43305149' 35 34 __ __ Sales__ Tax___ __203 011,4( 1,85 1641 1 611 1 680 ________Salares & Wagvies $a 2976 2843 209 26 263 ergovernmeCap Ouly&1831 tal 1791 2452 192 1533 _____Other Misellatneo0u81 65 70-Tlccooal $ O. 2276 26641 364 2141 13725

  -Per          CapiaEpnitale         by_

bliccShool 25425 20 31 233 __ __ _ _ the47 _ _ _ 70!7362 Deb____ totalvic $0. 2084 16751 179101 1611 1A58 22-201 26i 2015 GrouAveageverCapita Other axes3I 456et41 135 35 i Sls To____ Tax $001,4ai1,85ab191:1 1 1,509 Salares &Servies AvIlabe 1291 126193 0~ o Aalbe2223 ntroemetl 284 - 285 2304 Availableutlay 179411 86 198Z 483 lOther Available 2j 2 51 01.61 TulcShotl 108 107 108 10& 10 N1'ot Yet Total l vailable 1,079 1,077 1,098' I,079 I 0 I &

JILLP://ncUusL-WeoL. UealSUlre.SUILne.ncus/ igc/ unuisi) UVy.ii w~_ U ~r ~ = _. ~ __-I 1n _ t ________ IGroup Average Per Capita  ! Expenditures by Function . ____ AvailYet otEducation 24 279 311 295j 299

       .                           Debt Service               ot Yet                                  84                   99                     75                      67                    66 Human Services            Availb29l                                                  291                     299                     289.                  289 General                   Not Yet
                                  'Government .              vailable                                                           _                                                              7 jPublic Safety            lAaiaYet                                                    157                     150                     144!                  147 Yet
                                  !Other                                                            157                 170'                    1671                    150'-                 138.

Total Yet INot 1,042- 1,086 1,082 1,032 1,016I ___ _ 3 Available =3= =. IGroup Average Per Capita

       ;Expenditures by Object                             -                       _

• _ _ _

Salaries & Wages

                                                           ~Not Yet                                 259.                252                    2514                     240:                 240

_____ __________ ______-Available _______________________________ Capital Outlay ot Yet 63. 73 76. 73 62 _____ __________ ,~~A vailable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

                                                            'Not  Yet                                                                                                                        3441 Other Operating           Available                              397                 401                    363-                     348.

Public School Not Yet Capital Available 59 00 3 128 Public School 'Not Yet 1 _ Current jAvailable 1 1 -3 5

       -_OtherAvailable Other                              INot Yetj                                10j WU                  101                    102.                      96                    91
                          .____

_ Total __Available _ __ _

                                                           'Not Yet
                                                                                         -

1,042! 0j 1,086 1,082 3_ 1,032! 1,016 _ Number of

                                  .Reporting (AFIR)                            0                     27,                  27                     241                     23                    23'

__________ Co nte . _ ______ ______ __ . veragePopulation q 1,907,5451 1,895,0643 1 725,572 1,663,5923 1,595,0351 I ~~of Group i_3i.__i _ General Fund 2005 2004 20C13 2002 2001 2000 Go to top of Pa2e 2 I 2 2 2 200 IGeneral Fund revenues $03 112,232,2261 99,5 0,474I 96,314,129% 90,694,7011 88,703,3681

      .General Fund expenditures                           .                          102,276,1431            93,721,7541           88,954,1191             84,219,2184            76,823,692j Operatin transfers in                               1                              7,422,608!i          5,030,3593              3,680,2971             5 526 9491            4,506,980:

Operating transfers out . 8,647,8183; 8,697,216 9,181,2311 11,576,409 10,147,345j 1 Proceeds from capital leases and 0: 0: 0: 0 3installment purchases 1 3Other items - 513,131i 0: 0: 0: 0i IExcess of revenues and other

      .sources over (under) expenditures                                    $°l           9,244,0643           2,151,863j              1859,076                  426,023            6,239,3111 and other uses                                                                                                                                                             _____.__
             . ..........

____ 3Fund balance available (FBA)_ 3 3 lInn dollars $03 44,505,018 34,434,194 35,211,748 34,913,423- 35,645,042. IFBA as a % of GF i___ Net Expenditures: - IUnirS kIBA '/o UMUL/o1 qU. 1LV'i, J J0kV/c' 3A4)IN. i() 4U.Y8'Yo1

11LLPJ111CUSL-WrU/_. U Uttbtll U1.5LdLV.11t.;.UW IgUf U111 LS/ LJ-VY.111 2271 19.360/T1 18.36% 17.52%l 18.200

                                  ?average   FBA %          Available           j __?_.?_?

7Not~et 19.57%° 21.810/X 21.750/1 20.84%/o 21.43V/ Laverage FBA % a LSaeweighted Mailable INumber of j

                                  ?Reporting Counties     i                                         27                   27'                24?                 23j                 23

___  ? ?in Group (Audit) ;_ ?____?_?  ? Enterprise Funds: 4 . i Go to top of pale _ __ ____ _ __ _____

           ?Water/Sewer                                      _                    _                       _
 ?____                    -Combined financial results:

W orking capital I  ! $9,895,480 $4,314,044 $5,871,568? $5,645,615 _ _ __ ______Net _ income 3 3,579,0251 7,03 9, 7 69 4,622,6089 5,317,403 _ 0? Cs .I _ ICash2 anid Financini Ivestments 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 3Go to toD of Dpme 2005

                                                      -   1T                                          T                                       77
                                   ?opulation   at July   1                                                                            7                  7 692 1st of the Previous                 85,034                  81,810              79,054                                 73,69i              69,577,

_ _ Year Populati Gro _ 50,000 _ _ 50,000- _ 50000 - 50,0 - 4 50,000 - _ 50,000 - _ Ca & Inve99 999 ?_99_999_? 99,999 99,999 99,999  ? 99,999 _ aC J t t 83,996,3383 69,257,709 66,892,185 62,914,870 62,171,562 _ _ Investment I_ Earningsl 0a 761,8421 852,662 1,426,0211 3,428,041l 3,402,9351

            ?T?__                    ax Rate Equivalent                0.00001                0.0058               0.0078?             0.0138-            0.0349-             0.0354!

Tax Rate Equivalent Group weighted INot Yete

                                                             'ulab                            .0.0068.             0.0112              0.01601            0.0364              0.0370'

_ _ _ average v e _ Tax Rate Equivalent. Statewide weighted NotYet 0.0067 0.0112 0.0184- 0.0411. 0.0388i average o b3e year 2030Latest 2003 1999 1999 1999 1999 _ __ __ _ _Revaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ J [anuary 1,Prior - ear Assessed 113,459,362,571.13,169,445,376 10,869,982 673 10,303,652,171' 9,818,026,17819,608,830, 1493 1 7 ~~Valuatio i

 -        7          _            Tax Rate                            0.5400i                 0.52001             0.59251              0.5925             0.565d1             0.550d TaxRateGroup                        0.6147,                 0 66161             0.6381               0.6287,           0.6076               0.62913

______ weighted average Tax Rate State Wide& 0.64603 0.6630d 0.6686 0.66841 0.6548& 0.70690 ssessment 87.38 100.001 81.22! 85.71 93.21 100.Off ____.7 _____ -to-Sales Ratio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ Assessment

                                  -to-Sales Ratio         J             91.68                   92.863              88.6                89.09K             84.56               87.03
- ____      __________            Group Average             ___     __                _               -                    l_                            _    _     _-       _    _

Assessment 3

                                 -to-Sales Ratio                        91.52                  91.40d               88.9                89.36              87.85               86.74

_ _ __ _ Statew _ ide _ _ - __i____ __U Assessed Valuation 1 adjustedfor Sas 15,403,253,114 13,169,445,37613,383,381,769112,013,119,005 10,533,232,677,9,608,830,149 Assessed to Sales Ihatio - Tax Rate Adjusted 0.4719. 0.52001, 0.481ZI 0.5082- 0.5266 0.5500'

flttp://ncclst-wetz.treasurer.state.nc.us/igc/units/L)-uY.nl ax Rate Adjusted j - - weighted 0.5635J 0.5721 0.5657 0.5601 0.5137 0.54751

        -I  ____ _      __   3average                               __           _                                          _         _I 0.6060                 0.5948                   0.5973             0.5752               0.61311 Tax Rate Adjusted Statewide               '

0.5912 _ 94 42 1_ _ Percent Collected 0.00 ,96.03 _ . 94.89 95.45 95.46 Percent Collected i~ercentNot Yet Available 95.701 95.00 95.42 95.31 95.421 J Group weighted

                             .Percent Collected          Not Yet Statewide weighted ,Avlble                                   96.70                 96.36                    96.491            96.46                96.72l
                             ,Percent Collected ,                                                                   5.,0-lExcluding Motor                         0.00                 96.771                95.60                    95.761            96.231               96.23 3-                      I~~ehicles                                                           91 IPercent Collected
                              ,Excluding Motor          Not Yet.

3i3Veicls GroupVeilsGop3Available Aalbe96.90' 3*3 96.33 ~ 96.72, 96.83 96.90 3weighted average _ __3__,___ lPercent Collected Y 9 9 3 9 9 jExcluding Motor Av la 97.783 97.463 97.63. 97.673 97.94 3Vehicles Statewide b - - _3 _ _ IPercent Collected IMotor Vehicles 0.00 82.843 75.363 80.44 82.70f 83.121 __ _3 ' lOnly _ 3 __ _ ,_ 3 3,Percent Collected

                             ,Motor Vehicles           Not Yet                             85.62Z                84.38i                    85.28             84.56-               84.33 lOnly Group                 Available weighted average            _                 3                     3                         _-                   -jj                             ___

jPercent Collected lMotor Vehicles Not Yet 86.69 86.77 86.77 86.95. 87.22 _ _ 3 nly Statewide 3Available i ________w eighted average - 3_,_,,_ _ _ Tx,Uncollected , . 2,669,984, 3,539,795i 3,128,5201 2,529,014 , I 1 _ ITax Rate Equivalent 0.0000, 0.02031 0.0326- 0.0304! 0.02589 o0.000o _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ __ _ _ j _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Debt Information 2005 2004 2003 3 2002 2001 2000 3 ~~~~Population Group 150,000-9 9 50,000 - 99 50,000 - 50,000 - 50000- 50,000 - 99oultin9rop9 99,999  ; 99,999 99,999 99 999 99,999 33 ~~Ratings: 31 333 _itch F AA- A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ _ _ Moodys Aa3 Al Al Al Al Al 3 _ _ S&P AA- At A+ A++ A+ A General Obligation Debt (GO) where the taxing power of the entire County is pledged to satisfy the obligation. The figure does not include General Obligations of sub-divisions such as water districts even though such obligations may appear on the County's financial statements. _ _ Enterprise $2,737,607 4,476,4291 6,802,2911 9,210,3761 11,693,832 14,208,122 General 81,272,3931 80,818,571 69,922,709 55,781,168 18,801,878 3 1 ~~~Government 3 33 Total 84,010,000 85,295,00Q3 76,72,0 _62,885,000k 67,475,000 33,010,000 Total Per Capita 9883 1,043- 971 818 916 474 jTotal Per Capita for kthe Population 269 264 2713 265 235 225 IlGE1uD Total Per Capita 523 3 Statew 704 685- 644 587- 5603 33 3~Statewide.

                             !Total per Assessed valuation Adjusted                  0.5454%              0.6477%W              0.57330-                 0.5235%0           0.6406%:            0.3435%/o 2for Current Year

                                                                                                                           .I.i    J..l f          .,JS. L.ItdAU&1.Ot4Att..AtSO           ,DI15t4   UAfl3l
                                                                                                                                                                                                     -Y    AS. 11 jSales tTotal per Assessed                                                                                              -I         -

IValuation Adjusted ifor Current Year 0.35001, 0.3600%] 0.38000% 0.38000%J 0.3500%!: (0.3500/OW Sales- Group _Average iTotal per Assessed j IValuation f Curren Adjusted tea ' 0.82000/ol 0.8400%0 0% 0.8100% 0.7600% 0.7700%] 0.73000/ for Current Year

                                    ,Sales     - Statewide iotal Authorized
             .                       but not Issued                                                              13,880,000               32,200,000            111,311,378            114,528,445 Including Enterprise'             490

_ __ ___ _ _ Debt , , a _ ,

                                     .nstallment Sales                         .                            j                                             .

sPurchases and LeaseObligations* ___ =m --Enterprise* $0 0 650,241 2,160,893, 3,588,302 4,938,754'

                                     --General                        23,935,000           25,272,304i           19,334,061               21,360,092             23,330,210Q               9,226,568
          ,  I                    ~~~Goverrlment'                        ',                         ,       ...

__ Total* 23,935,000 25,272,304 19,984302 23,520,985, 26,918,5131 14,165,321

• The total only includes the contracts that require Local lGovernment Commission approval. . -_

Revenue Bond Oj!0! . a_____

                    ,

Debt eeu od '

                                                                ,

39,447,388& 31,540,000.' 0 1i

                    ,           _ Total                 t      l$63,32,88 T Debt Listed30269813                           56,812,304l           19,984,302               23,520,985i            26,918,513-             14,165,321l

a. . r_ r_ _ _ _

ConySchool Report to to of ae Go to top of pHaee j 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Sources of County Fundine for Public s -s School CapitaLOutlays: a.gz

      .'

la9Restricted portions of local option sales taxes: isl' 33j

                                    --

rsrce)*942,505.- 972,437i 964,098- 945,327j 945,327i 1,859,095 1,926,504l 1,910,93_ 1,875,348_ 1,875,348i I s.

            . Resriced prtinsra I r on sales esttaxes Withdrawals fromthe Statef Public ISchool Building Capital Fund jGrants from Public School x     .

ofblocalotion .

                                                               ,
                                                               .
                                                                                   .

___________33,746-, _ _ i

                                                                                                           *_1,0.

_ 48,402 1 _ 85,882_ _, ____ 207,710j

                                                                                                                                                                    ^0,6i 207,710j 12478 508 jBuilding Bond Fund                                ;;\9,,

Net proceeds from public school.- f Idebt financing':, Withdrwals fom th Saepublic 94i i5 Le 42 (60% 13,880,009 18,320,000 13,000,000 13,000,000. 9 l~~bonds;; g ji9 j~~Installment purchasegi99

;  __ _ _      _ _ __ __ _ _    _        nsco tra c ts                _              ....                    i                                                         1, 8 7 5, 3 4 8! 1        , 7 34
            *.          fo Pub188,479.                                                                              253,236l                 908,817                 1411146-
            .Nschool              f         p debt school proceedS Unrestricted sources                             ;                            5,777,464                           :                                      66,9681                 66,9689 Total Sources                                           T3,869,736 22,681,289.           21,520,579I                34                   17,862,348             17,862,34 MDeduct: Uses of County Fundine for 9Public School Capital Outlavs:                                 -                  -

IILLIJ./ / nkubL- w c;u/-. uvabui vi.bLatv.jjk,.uw Irt,;, UjIltz,/ "-V7.11i

             ' 5Funded by Article 40 restricted                                          ,                     -     .                                                                   __5 Ilocal option sales taxes:                         i                         5                              ____5 5Public school debt                                                                l 5service(principal                                                463,984                                  519,498                 527,655                     618,2115               618,2115

____ .______ _ ~and interest) _- 5 5 _ FundedPby lic school capital 622,4531 473,499 417,306 384,017 384,017 3 Funded by Arlticle 42 restricted .1 local option sales taxes: _  ; Public school debt . service (principal 914,868 1,008,437 1,071,301 1,255,156- 1,255,156-j__ _ _ _ _ and interest) - 5 5 5

                            .      outlay s                                                       1,227,333                                919,14                    847,258                     779,672               779,672
            -Funded by Public School Building Capital Fund:                                    5                  _

5 _____ _

                                                                                                                                                                                                           .                        5 Public school debt service (principal

__ _ _and interest) _ _ . 5 Public school capital ___: -'. 151 081 151,081 Funded by Public School Building Bond Fund: __ _ _ __ . Funded jPublic school capital 1251397 1,251,397 5 ~~outlay 5-5Fundedby other sources: 5 .. I,5 . _ 5 Public school debt 3 service (principal I 5,533,785 3,488,0005 3,532,500 and interest) Public school capitali 2 _ _ From Cta 16,699795 19,612,344 26,134,352 6,014,184. 6,014,184! _______ Projects Funds _ _ _ _ _ From General Fund 598,955 861,4333 861,433-and all other funds 4 Fair market value of assets donated to _____ _ school 3public county -. 5 __ _ _ _ Total Uses I 25,462,218T 26,020,9251 33,129,327 11,315,151i 11,315,151: T.:_._ _____ I___ __ ___.___ _ ......

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      .__ _. __
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             .........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          -t5..

ourcesof county2fundingover(under) 2780,929! -4,500, 3 4 Ji -29,259,5911 6,547,197 6,547,197-uses of county funding __._____-_ Add: Beeinnin2 Balance, July 1. Prior Year Unexpended restricted portons of 33 621,447 3,656,870( 3,443,972! 3,000,092 3,000,092. local option sales taxes I__,_

                                                              -.                                  _                                                        _                        _____

UJnexpended proceeds from other sources restricted f pubal scol - 23,093,860 12,697,555 42,054,545 6,865,041 6,865,041 4 capital outlay sguals: Endin2 Balance. June 30. 3Current Year 3 - . 3 _ :_ sTotal ending balance ____23,934,378: 11,854,079 16,354,4254 16,412,330- 16,412,3303 I otal encung balance compnsed o0: - i: ii, rrN---,- .... ...- :. ........ N: - - _- - Z-= _%=_M--- --- - -- -- . - lUnexpended restricted portions of 3,228,155 3,683,632 3,656,870/ 2,991,421 2,991,421i Ilocal option sales Itaxes

Unexpended -T proceeds from other 3 i__ , ~-eeee restricted _ ________sources. _ _ l _ _ ___ f publi o ol 20,706,2231 8,170,4471 12,697,555 13,420,909l 13,420,909 _ _ _ _ ________ capital outlay - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Additional Information: , __',__ _ i daily membersh 10,910, 10 749i 10,578i 10,285g 10,1-4 Adjusted unit-wide tax rate 0.4719 0.5200 0.4812i 0.5082, 0.52661 0.55001

           'Weighted average adjusted taxrate for population                                                            0.5721                       0.5657                                              0.5137l                 0.5475 1           Vgo Assessed valuationer student                                                                1,207,099'                   1,011,2551                 9 74 ,0 64                   954,597            - 947,430 ISchool bonds authorized and I'Unissued as of 3/31 of the                                                                                                                      32,200,00C                 32,200,000Y              70,500,0001 Ifollowing year                                      _                                                         ,   _                                                3                          ,_,3 Annual Financial Information Report                                                        I Detail                                                                   2005                           2004                          2003                     2002                        2001                     2000 iGo to ton f page                                                                          ._                  _                                    -_                                                    .

Population at July 1st of the Previous 85,034 81,810 79054 76904 69,577 lANon GASB34 General Fund Assets 49,869,151, -47,685,277, 49,958,888 1Bl FISCAL General Fund 6,319,287 6,089,888 5,775,548 2A3, SUM Debt Service Fund . - SUM MR Assets ii 2B-. Debt Service Fund

           ,_____                 Liabilities                                                                                                                                          80 3A-                     .      nerprise Fund                                                                                                            89,925,256                 80,322,600.            77,012,7903 3              ~~Assets_

3 Enterprise Fund 15,953,772l 23,466,5503 20,509,213l Internal Service 4k Fund Assets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3_3 Intern~l Service _____________ _ Fund Liabilities 3_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5SAc :s 20,583,6343 21,585,155 19,150,007. F und Assets - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Special Revenue Fn Lpeialiesu ' 2,757,445 2,665,074! 2,706,689' 6A3 . Trust& Agency 1,151,899j 743,177, 642,723 IFund A ssets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6B3 ~Trust Liabiliies

                                        & Agency                                                                         3                                    1,151,899,                     743,177-                642,723 7AI lA a

ssets Project Fund. Fu d14__ __,410__,708__ _ 25,242,618, __ _ _ __ _ 56,735,464 _ __ _ _ 14,410,708 __ _ _

     -Capita                                Projectu                                                                                                          1,459,948                   2,664,856                 944,690i

_____ I~~~iabilities - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8A 'Gnrl Fxd- 86,909,104 80,893,886 70,390,855j _____ ~~~Assets - Assets _______ _______________ ____________________

                                ,Gieneral Long-Term 9Liabilitie                                                                                                                                           87,380,800'                90,759,328               39,250,4163 1.5k         GASB34
                                ~Governmental Atves Asets                                                     184,860,7851                   164,090,645t l.5B_         FISCAL           Activities Assets -                                      .08,26',9 1.511'                             Governmental                                                125,076,32fi                   109,261,951i FICA        Ativities Liabilities

Business Type__ 132,360,272 99,307,167 _______ 3.5A

SUMMARY

i~iesTp

               -              l~~Activities A ssets      1_      _ _   _   _ _         _  _   _   _    _  _   _  _  _    _   _   _
                                                                                                                                     *1   _  _   _   _    _ _   _     _
                                                                                                                                                                       . _  _  _  _
                                                                                                                                                                                  ,1    _  _   _   _   _
                                                           *.
                              ~Business Type                                                                       1,5 3.5ActvitiesLiabilies                                  i                        j       39,727,4311              10,253,351.

iduciary Funds 6.5AI lFiduciaryunds . .' 4,572,611 11,980,979 f 6.51B,

          '

Fiduciary'Funds ILiabilties _, _ 4,572,611 I 11,980,979 _ 1QPART 2 uetW ec v 64,507,7571 59,851,207, 58,085,913I 53,047,534! 50,565,486 Current Collections 64,5.7,75 11,TAX of Special Tax _____ ___ _ D istrict ______ , _ , _ _,-__ _ Prior Years' Levy 2,067,578- 1,784,306 12sREVENUES Clions _ 3,250,239 2,331,041 2,293,425i Penalties and 712,4811 568,660 603,3999 574,6309 472,25511 Interest i . Collections of Tax 14! Previously Written 8,2131 2,457 443 151 joff

                              .Anirnal Tax
                                                         .                        .
                                                                                  .,..
                                                                                                            .                                                 .

DeedStampEx 3,552,667 2,130,21 1,618,323l 1,334,552- 1,376,599l 17' Ra~oet 1 T 3fer5Tax52,66 189 Scrap Tire s a97,952 9065 89,172 66,269 95,087, it. 1% ~Local -, 19, .Govermnent Option 7,371,470 6,339,193., 6,247,375-' 5,783,022: 5,474,325 iSales Tax , j j - j ._ _ 1 l , /2%Local 20' lGovermnent Option 3,141,684- 3,241,458- 3,213,659 3,239,122Z 3,107,674i Sales Tax (09

                             .1/2% Local 21                      'Government Option                                             3,098,491-              3,210,840                  3,184,898'                3,211,527         3,082,083i i         i                   ISales Tax (42)                _                        _                         _                      ,_                        _                     _

1/2% Local 211 ijGovernment Option I 3,024,570' 1,365,566:1 ISales Tax U . . i 33 2Local LclOccupancy a 832,9351 793,OOZ 761,786- 731 1793- 640,700' 23j Prepared Food Tax I __7_-.___ .3 24 . 911 Charges . 801,977l 602,0911 625,361' 204,401 441,574 jGross Receipts Tax 25i on Short Term

                 ._      _    Leased Vehicles White Goods 2                                                                                           29,1 0   i                28,460               l 28 604                     27 8-               27,590_

271 Privilege Licenses ____,____28,520, _ Other Licenses __. __ 194,982. 288,250 42,579 147,751. 138,503

              ,              3j~~Payments in Lieu of'Xiii 29'                     ITaxes-US Forest                                                      2,0890                    2,037                     3,469'                  1181-3Serv 30'FEERAL        'Payments in Lieu of
                             ;Taxes -TVA zPayments in Lieu of .

3 J-NTERGOV h Taxes - Other ... 11 I.-........

                                                                                                                      ........                                                       =            r sSx=w
                        ....
                   .........                                          . - ----...
                                                          .....-1-1---,----,                                                                           ... -;
                                                                                                                                        - - -- .x..-~       .r...n             u      -- -nee
                                                                                                                                                                                              .=_ss 3ZE VNUESEquitable Sharing of-914                                                                                                                                                                914
                             !Fed. Forfeited Prop.

___ _ 4___- __ _ _____-- _ _ _ -_ ___ _eeee eeee __ 334 General 3 ____ lGovernment j 3 3 3 3 34- Public Safety 1 T 551,0551 176,53 1,171,30 447,374I 203,3803 36 533 3 ___ 13Transportation - Streets 3Transportatione I '3 re e 3 IMass Transit

                                  -Transportation           -

37 Other Transportation l j i_ _ _ _ Environmental 105,000: 1,067,8774 53,28 159,099V 1,220,7791 II Protection _________________________________________ 1Econ. & Phys. Dev. 393 f-Housing/Comm 1,096,073 4,280,5793 2,261,317 2,160,438 2,139,6633 3 3hysDe D.1I 4Ec & Phs. Dv 62 500: 51 59&- 2,623e-All Other __ 41g H Seics 1,700,760: 1,401,575N 1,545,478; 1,255,820: 1,152,8521 lMealth __ 42- Human Services: - - 4 3 3Mental Health 43 1 THuman Services : 3ospitals jHuman Services: 4Socia Services 7,463,311 7008,94 6958618 6,729,341 8,518,59r__ 4 51 Human Services All 70,030: 106,591, O ther -________ _ _ 6Cutue d.and 1 8 4 162,89- 137 jRecreahon 31aymentsinLieuof I3 47.ITaxes - State _ _ _______ 4uaSTATE48-STATE Controlled lo Tx 18,092 19,780: 19,2353 28,995: 22,8343 j ~~~Substance Tax i___- _ 49SINTERGOV llnangible Tax 523,604 522,763; 532,141

          -                       Reimbureentmb ur__seme 49VEEUSTransitional Hold H~armless Revenues                                                                                                                            _
                -                iVireless Enhanced 9      ee271483                                                                     107,252_- 84_451                            76=19 51                         IBeer and Wine Tax                _                               209,433,             179,180                                   192,083                  186928 lCourt Costs -

52 iFacilities, Jail and fArrest rPublic Fees School _- - 401,055. a _ 234,375k _ 273,492i aa 1 232,701ji _ 231,919 53 iBuilding Capital 397,164 151,082 ___________ aFund _ - a a a 54 1PublicSchool building bond fund _ j _ a a_ _

                                                                                                                                                               -246,856d

_ _ _ _ 1,204,768- _a f -lFood Stamp 55i -Purchases Tax 48,973 49,106 49,269:

                                'Reimbursement                 i                        i                      j                   i        ._                   _      __         __          __

Iffnventories Tax 56ReIm rento x 335,329i 669,0757 674,737g i 3~~Reimbursement 3j3f 3573 *3Senior Citizens 59,648 5 7 5,6481 59,648: lExemption - 50 jGeneral 58 ..- Goverment Gover .nt: 61,719R 58,747. 15,000: 66,157 TIubllc Safety I U/,4451,- i_ I=/ ==,i 2,6 Hb,593: Z57,ZX94 60: Transportation 2,104,247 3,036,628- 200,201- 207,0141 51,1 14. 1 Al(1`JIC lf~ 1 .C Al

611 61, ~___ Evironmental roetin. TF 212,39d, 4,745,9735 2,811,8021 136,2541 144,634 Econ. & Phys. Dev. 62 Hgcj3 90,136 9748 298,502 84,3291 321,4761

            --                 D~~ev                                                         .       =      .

633Icn&hs e 70,2541 j.All Otherj

                                   ~HmnServices:11520                                                                                                                                             9849                       7,8 teath80,000'

____ 136,2161 152 9,4 7,8 65- 'Hunman Services: iMental Health _ 66 ~Human Servicesj ~ 6 mnSrvcs.89,1931 34,360 ~ 564- 13,2231 67 ~ Social Services 68&ImnSrie l 232,087I 207,629 247,478 158,526 153,3445 10ther 69 ~ ~ utr n 153,966 150,5311 126,72 1 13,695z 70'LOCAL 1OhrSae1 79,4191 116,776i 104,4332 jIntergov.____ ITayments in Lieu of% 71 Tzaxes - Local lGeneral 72 -REVENUES 4,5060 73IPublic Safety ______ 81,042 69,185: 79,078i 19 00(Y_____ 74I !Transportation _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __17,380 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

       -                    !Environmental Protection                _  _    _    _    _    _   _     _    _     _    _     _     _    _    _    _     _      _  _      _    _     _      _   _ _   _    _    _    _    _   _    _    _    _    _

Economic And 76 1Physical

                            ! Development                                                                               ____
  ~l!Huian                              Services:

77 iHealth, Mental Hit 197j931V I& H osp_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Human Services: ISocial Services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79~ Human Services: Air. 8 PERMITSCulture And Recreation .1,0 8111& FEES, Building Permits ______ 1,351,1741 607,019` 492,2801 503,074- 539,581-821 Register of Deeds -1,399,447- 1154,825- 746,914. 534,938. 421,762 8311 Inspection Fees ______ 224,123 128,193' 115,1281 117,61Y0 128,305-I Concealed Handgun 2,6 980 235 9 841 Perits265____19___880__________________________ 851 Other Permits ______ 395,199! 153,0231 118,954 145,973 93,603 86-SALES & Parking Revenues_________________________________ 8'71S.E1RVICES Rents and Royalties i19,8537 20,8983 19,290 17_6833 19,290 8 8- A irport _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89~ IWire Protection _______- ~Charges__ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ go Solid Waste _______ 1,391,467 1,029,562 923,848 911,1561 l,034,95&

                          'Ambulanceand 882,717.                         921,351                           767,4801                    239,182--                  299,819I

__ Charges i...-,l-:-=-- - ...%....- ......

.I%%:%,4"-,.,; - 1--p-I 92 Cemeteries

93 RerainSrie124,7551 125,200 105,252 58 ,284. 66,698i 94_________Rveus20,5941 _________ ____ Revenues__ Oter Cultural and _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 18,064 _ _ i __ _ _ 40,566~ 108,674 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35,837- _ _ 952 Rc Service Client and Thirdj 96Party Payments -878,89061 592,344 658,312 583,466 470,566- _ _ _ _ ~~Health __ __ I __ I __ __ _ Client and Third 97 PrtyPayments- _____ I ent 11th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IClient and Third 98 Party Payments -56,165 62,9711 77,6171 65,005-1 57,051-

                         ~~~Soc t-____

_____ Serv _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ jClieiit and Third 994 1Party Payments-10(~UTLITY Mass Transit - __

                         !county    Operated       _  _   _    _     _     _           _    _      _     _     _          _      _    _     _     _        _     _     _    _      _    _    _    _   _     _    _    _     _     _     _    _    _

101 1MISC. l~hrSlsad1,575,134a 1,761,873 1,823,462 1,275,340' 1,006,99

                          ~Services__                                                                                                                          _     _    _     _    _    _   _  _   _    _    _    _   _  _    _       _    _    _     _

1Water ad Sewer17,601,3187 14,715,414 11,692,552 12,739,6061' 12,424,031a 10IONsmn Erig 344,080' 25323 1,1 1 502. 1,882,883 476,385-I-Bond Proceeds__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

                              ~Ivstment Earnings                                                   7182                               82 10All                      Other Funds                                                                                                    662                 1,426,021.                       3,428,041                     3,402,935 105.                      ISpecial Assessments     ______                                              81,718z                          126,715,1                         133,0201-                        195,7911                      613,622 JPrivate 106                       lContributions and                                                        358,99F                                  5,0                            22,633                           81,5381                     109,45 1 10ther Donations*

jSales of Materials 1936 43 0 4 land Fixed Assets____ ___

1. 108-ISale of Real I~Property ____ __

10 Cet2andSVent,0661 35,8381 38,495 27,656-109' -B~~ottle Tax , 4,4V3 lid ~Mixed Drn __ __ Surcharge__ __ _ ___ _ 1V30,00di 24,000.. 24,000 18,000, 24,00~ OhrMselnos791,417 877,560= 675,309 1,306,591- 615,162-112 Revenues I Pro-ceeds of the Sale 13ofBns&Nts55,894,087 18,320,000'1 38,300,000 13,000,000ii ocesof Capital 11 ess& Install 3,668,76 16,000,000' 1151 10 ther__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1IGNON-REV I~nsad379,279-1 355,244 447' 306,147 272,1631 IForfeitures_______ _ _____ 1 ITECEITS School - Current 1Levy Collections __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 118- School - Prior Years': iLevy Collections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 ~ TxClecin o 1,125,240-1 2,482,4341 2,364,183- 3,634,4 18-. 962,225 ______ ~~Other Units_____ __

                                                                                 ........
                                                                     --.... ......                                       i
                                                                                                                                                                     . .... .                                                          i                                B I

I lUtilities Customers' ni nrj '717 Z A I I I A' AQa i I nrJ I Zltis usom rs 171

                                                                                                        '1,JU C11--i                       I 7

_- _- -7 _-I lAf ~ I'f fl4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        At    ~!                      IM1NtifVLp IA7Af~-A 121           Deposits Other ThanI

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ futility__ _ _ 122: IPrepaid Taxes - ~ 35,56 _ -6,961 381~5 -3,488: -3,594! 123 ~ jPrepaid Privilege 6

                            'Assistance Passed 124                Drcl TO                                                             81,658,567                            73,751,874                             68,084,085-                         58,963,176.                      52,429,392:

IRecipients_____________________________________ 125A!PART 4 1Gvrig oy 100,6061 94,594 89,693, 98,642 89,562: ISalaries & Wages______ IGoveming Body - 1259=GENERAL 1372 15 0951 131,0881 124,664! GoveCGing Body 125D  !~~Governing Body 8,6-4,T iPurchase of P,P&E _____ __________ __________ 126A ldiisrto 377,827- 354,2911 345,1881 318,595 247,83&:

                           ~Salaries &         W ages__                   _    _      _ _   _     _    _     _     _          _   _     _     _    _      _          __    _    _     _     _      _    _    _     _   _        _    _      _    _    _      _    _   _

Admiinistration- 1,994,2721 1,504,207- 1,399,715- 1,121,34P 126BHh D c 1,615,157-126C ~ dflminstration-

                -         I~~Construction_____                                          ______                               ______                                  ______                             ____                   __            _____

IMdninistration - 9,828= 5,252 12600I hs o ,& 30,509r 127AIIlcin -Slre 135,2011 128,027- 111,592 120,7441 90,041-I& W ages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l~etos-Ohr132,085 16,6 120,363z 110,190. 107,352 127B ~~~IDirect__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127C jElections - 2______ _____ ______ ____ lConstruction______ ______ ______ ______ 1271ions- Purchase 127Dtion 6,830! 33,099, 9,680 11,470! Sala8s 448,640! 419,38Y0! 372,606- 357,684: 316,869 1 28A I~W ages_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1289=nne te 204,1371 262,750!. 222,300! 220,273 195,73& Dfirect innc - 12801Iiac Iconstruction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1281)-Pucas! 10,632I 1,676. 5,205-1 966 Iof P P & E__ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129A 1 ae S1)e 1,030,1721 964,13 3 819,643: 767,954. 718,762 _ _ _ _ _ lW ag es__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129B- ITaxes - Other Direct _______ 798,259~ 744,4451 792,065I 662,224: 624,182-I129C !Taxes - Construction I___

          -               Iaxes -Purchase of                                                                                                                                           4,331                           30,634.                        117,453 1290                  IP,P&E__                                                                                                                 __
  -130                    I~gISlre&164,6712                                                                                                 171,5291                             143,019                                160                               9,0
                          ,!Wages___

13B Lega te Direct 78,266- 128,4413 130,864-1 205,936. 70,4075 130C ~ Legal - Construction' _____ ____ _____ ___________ _____ 1301) ~ !Legal - Purchase of - ,7: ,2 131X f~~~egister of Deeds - 54,2 4692 3302

                          !Salaries & Wages,                                                                                                                                                                         3549                             3816 iRegister of Deeds -                                                                                                                               1,202,385.1                         1,029,363.                           970192Z 1319--                                                                                      2,290,26,C-.                          1,555,646.

iOther Direct I .1. ...... ....... .." -, - --ill . . I I., _.. . .1 i,

u a ~~~Register of Deeds - g3,, 13 .- ~~Construction 3 3 131DPucaeoP,& l 19,348 6,840 32,3183 2,2323 9,0403 32Af ~~Salaries & Wages i ,6,2 132BOhrDrc 1,897,177 1328 ~~Public Buildings -'. i 3 ~~~Construction 3' 132Di3 ~~Public Buildings - l 73,2 . 133A3. CutFclte 45,603 35,242 37,468- 37,322-1 - 133B3Cutaiiis . 71,993 101,602 88,02223 1 15,254 121,764.~

              ]  _    ,~Other Direct                  i 133C-.Cutaiiis                                                193,813             705,089      6,047,237-         7,533,257           435,5021 i       >3~~Construction                                                                          333 l33DI--tacltes                                                                       2,171           23,349-            54,818          74,395.

1wage 134A3salaril 979,650 2,087,269 1,981,250- 1,821,3743 1,652,5143 13etrlSrvcs V 4,022,3321 4,690,741 4,167,52123 3,954,463z 3,637,27133 1348 ~~~ ICentral Services - I 5,2- 2779 -3 33 ~~lconstruction 3 134D33trlSrie 125,396 504,397j 323,542- 549,09jl 483,21 j 3 i~Gen. Govt. All. 135A Other - Salaries & 307,999 269,953- '258,6641 226,372Z 201,1353 3Wages 33,3 _ ~~Gen. Govt. All 153 135C3 ~~Other - Construction. ,3,7 3 ~~~IGen. Govt. All 3 33 135DII Other - Purchase of 3 .9,700- 8,453 63387. 4,5003 13,150 i ~~~Sheriff&. i ji-- .136AIPUBLIC Communications - 3 ,8,23 3,062,15633 2,881,6401 2,612,8943- 2,491,5951-Salaries & Wages I 33 Sheriff&  : 3 i 136B SAFETY Cornmunications-. 1,389,5393 1,370,3821 1,637,9103 1,054,6233 997,145.

        .           ~~~~Other Direct        ._3                                                                                  -

Sheriff & .33g31 136C Cornmunications - 3 343 Construction 3 3 3 _ . . ~~~Sheriff & 3 lj-j3 136D .Crnications - A3i 423t7883j 344,50V,3 406,869r, 388,69Z-- 546,860i Pucae of P,P&E3i.31 137A a1s- 956,749i 945,386. 608,77?6 462,838.3 440,856 137BP Jail -Other Direct i - 12946 1,079,0963 841,4 1731 741,661i 680,41533 137C Jail - Construction _ 2,883,216 231,741. l ~~~Jail - Purchase of- 7,402Z 10,426 4,109; 137D3P,&3

     . 33           ~Emergency                                           23

• 138A,3 Communications - 799,119P 672,495- 587,1391 526,637. 502,766 3i ~~Salaries & Wages-i ;3i3

Emergency r 138Bi Communications- 2,330,4831 889,235 224,2093 687,9411 441,024 i ____ Other Direct _ , _ Emergency , 138d Communications- ________ _ Construction i -. _ _ _ Emergency 138D j Communications - 69,832. 256,103 115,028: 36,748 ____ Purchase of PP&E . __ . -. Emergency - 1 1 - 2 139Aj 139B1 Management-Salaries & Wages Emergency _ .

                                                                             ,

146,69U.. _ 156,27 j 111,440i 106,062. 1 102,042 139 Management - Other 290,5001 185,36 193,305 165,948 821,99 ________ _ 3D irect . , i 3 . _ _ _ _ Emergency a i i. 139C Management -

             *___l ____          Construction           .                                   _          _

I Emergency - 139D3 Management - . 142,350, 36,966 74,130 30,406. 26,195! lPurchase ____________ _ of P,P&E .. _ _ _ _ Fire- Salaries & I40A-

             }                                             _                                                                                ,Wages 140B                          Fire . Other Direct ._i._                               325,000                346,325            607,119             1,380,5051         l,277,423 I 1400 1401-
          -

Fire - Construction 1 Fire - Purchase of P,P&E ij _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ J _ 141A 141________ Inspectors - Salaries ags308,434! 38 284 252,036 238,909 141B. Inspectors -Other 137,1961 132,00 105,456- 98,9503 83,538 141C Inspectors-Construction I 141DI 1411)Inspectors - PurchaseofP,P&E  ! i 18,127, 47,343 18,968 Rescue Units - 16106 142A ResWens 1,865,309i 1,670,049 1,611,046 1,478,143 1,401,613' Rescue Units - I 142Bi OtherDirect 1,136,614 1,180,904 977,1151 943,094 822,5761 Rescue Units - 1420170,225!

         !___ _     _ _ _ _     Construction           i                    !                      3                                                    .

142D Rescue Units - 220,0321l 169,04 189,81 350,402 321,213 _______________ chase of P P & E __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .nima: 3n-r:l' - 143A. Aala Contro 247,295 235,825 185,93 177,074N 168,0473 7 7 _____________Salaries& Wages _______I30 l O 1847 143 OtherDirect _ 194,7984 198,85 193,389i 172,935- 148,428 AnmlControl-143Cns con - 111,7833 547,423 143WV Animal Control- 14,871 11,22 4,650 22,979j 16,986 Med 144Ai Examiner/Coroner -

                               ,Salaries & Wages       i_                            -                                   _         _       1
         .             fMed 144Bj                         !Examiner/Coroner     -                                    55,728-               63,881.            51,875                 64,1413            57,737 30ther Direct           3                    9                     -                     1                  3                     i                    3 Med 1440                          iExaminer/Coroner -

Construction

                                                                                                                                                                      -  iJ I             ~Med 144                          Examiner/Coroner -

____ 333 D __________

                    ~~

3 Purchase of P,P&E Pub. Safety All I _ 3 - _

                                                                                                        .

145 Other - Salaries & 80,975 77,81 51,501 46,406 53,997 Pub. Safety All 145BI 0th - 0th Dit Ote -- te Drc j 106,748 96,04 67,93 86,603 97,102! 145C Pub. Safety All 6 ________ __ _____ Other- Construction! _ _ 3Pub. Safety All 145D1) Other-Purchase of 20,10 680,8011 23,581. 16,556-3 ~~~P,P&E 1 Improvements Subdivisions and 1-Streets - Salaries & 3WagImprovements . jIj_ _ _ I Subdivsinsad

 !146BPORTATION              Streets - Other Direct                  ;3                        _     _      _      _                    _

33 ~~Improvements .. Subdivisions and 3146C Streets- . Construction -_- 3 33 ~~Improvements 3 Subdivisions and 1461) Streets - Purchase of1 IP,P& ___ ___ ____ .. 147A. ISalaries jParking Facilities -

                                       & Wages +_                 .       .          .         ...                                      . . ....                  _     . . _

1Parking Facilities - 147B3 1Other Direct _ _ _________ _ _

        .3C                  Parking Facilities -

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~Construction __ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ ._ _ _ _ _ __________ .3 __ ___ Parking Facilities - 1Purchase of P,P&E I I48A IAirport - Salaries & 148Aa Wgs A4prt- thr 148B:i Direct_. l 85,00a 85,00C .80,000 66,00C3 66,0003 148. Airport- 2,961,258 2,358,617 374,399 210,334-. __________ _ :Construction ___ ___- _ _ _ 148)1 Airport - Purchase _____________ of P,P&E _ . _ .. Mass 149A1 Transit-County - l _ Salaries & Wages - 3 _ _ Mass 149B1 Transit-County-I - Other Direct Mass 149C Transit-County-l___ _________ Construction . _ _ _ ._ _ _ _i 1.Mass 1491) Transit-County -

   *__                     i Purchase of P,P&E                            -                    -.3                      __._._.__
       -3SB.               IMass Transit-Private'

___3- Other Direct . ' _ __3__. 15 lAz rrans. All Other - iSalaries & Wages

151B l Other - AtrDla 108,243 7

                               !hOr Direct_                _    _   _   _   _    _ _  _    _    _   _      _ _  _     _   _    _      _ _   _    _   _   _       _    _ _      _   _   _

iTrans.All Other- - 3

  ! silq                                                i 15 IConstructio n Trans. AllOther--

_ 3 _ t _ _ _ 1Purchase ofP,P&E. 152AENVIRON pioli& Wase ' 294,752 278,291 252,3863 251,279' 243,094 iSalaries & W ages__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ l __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Waste O8,871,884 8,551,040 8,189,397 7,834,679 7,180,703l 15 MENTAL 1Solid L ~~~~~Direct__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

                         ~Solid Waste -                                                                                                               1,514                    32,517-                  148,396l 152CPROTECT.                                                                          _                                              _

Construction 152D5Puraste o 70,346 62,451 8,983i 169,694

                         ~Purchase of P,P&E                                       __      _     _      _    _    _      _     _       __       _     _      _    _        _      _     _      _       _      _     _

153A' Watershed - Salaries 3

                         .&Wages                         _                       _             _         3                           _                         . __

jDrainage & 153B Watershed - Other 3 3 i~~Drainage & i3 153C IWatershed- - ____ 3Construction _ _ _ - ' _ _ _

                        -Drainage &

153D' 3Watershed -

                        . 5Purchaseof PP&E            _                        _            _            _                       .                          i                              _        _                5 1             ~Cemeteries l4A                 -
                        !Salaries & Wages                                      '                         .                         .                             _                        -

154B-154C -- 3-Cemeteries 3Cemeteries - Other IDirect Cemeteries- - IConstruction

                                            -

_ _

                                                                               -_

_ _ _ _ I _ _ 5 _ _

                                                                                                                                                                                          .3

_ _ _ _ _ 1541i - . DPurchase of PP&E . 155k lEnviron. All Other - 155A' _ 3Env-_nAllther_'_' 139,757_ 120,797 104,629' 101,752 95,699-

                        !Salaries & Wages1375                                                                          12 lEnviron. All Other -                                                                         250,329                    258,724-.                  319,228.                    374,5371 155                                                                                      3 33ther3Direct 1 Environ.      All Other -1 1Construction                ,3_33__.,_3
                       *3Environ. All Other-=

{3 .5~Purchase of P,P&E 333 156AECON & Salariesg & Wages l 399,922 354,198 336,109 329,2723 284,029' 156B!PHYS lanning&Zoning2,526 235,065 266,730. 247,961 236,211-_ I56dlDEVELop jP2anning & Zoning - 2 . 5_ _ _ 1

                        .Construction                                            _                         _                         ___3_____5_

156D Planning&Zoning 22,487I 15,933: 1,7141' 962l 1,977 IPurchase of P,P&E 3 13 3~~Economic-. 1.3 157N !Development- - ____ __Salaries & Wages - - 3Economic 157B- Development - 300,000 262,000 262,000 321,616 554,4006

   -__   3_             .Other Direct                                         33                         3  '                     -                                                       33                           3 Economic 1570                   ,Development -                                                                                                                                                                  757,669'
                        'Construction

        .          I         Z -Economic3       ]

157DI Development- - J 3 .Purchase of P,P&E __.___ Z Community , 7 158A1 Development - 207,913 203,297 176,148 157,312 150,467-I__ Z Salaries & Wages - -_ Z 1Community 3 78 2 3 4 I Z 158V lDevelopment - , , 1i 3,777,383 4,346,005 1,982,138- 1,614,463= ___ 0ther Direct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Z Community 1580 Development - 84

                 -          3~~Construction         ZZZ3l
                            .Community 1581)                    iDevelopment -                                                         14,876                                      6,805

___Z_ Purchase of P,P&E .- - _ - Agriculture 159AM iExtension - Salaries 321,6690 326

                                                                                                     ,12 6            326,1911              305,046             240,835Z ZZ                   3Z~~&WagesZ                                                                                          IZ 3Agriculture           -                                Z                       3ZZ 159B-                   lExpansion - Other                            239,571                249 907j              170,3606             148,130             106,651
                            -Direct                        __                    -

1Agriculture 159C lExpansion - _____ 3Construction __ Agriculture 1591) 3Expansion - 7,000 18,5633 13,980 20,684 13,087 ____ 3Purchase OfP,P&E _ 1 _3 3 1 Special Empl-Programs - Salaries 160AI3

           '3___           I&   Wages                  _          _                   _                      _                    _

Special Empl 16093 Programs -Other ____ IDirect _ _ - 3 -- -_3_33

 -                         ISpecial Empl 160CI                   IPrograms-

_____ -Construction _ _ _ _  ? _ _ _ ISpecial Empl 160DI IPrograms - Purchase.

                           !of P,P&E Econ. Dev. All  U 161A3                    Other-

_ Salaries& -_ _ - _ l _ _ _ 3= ~Wages 3 ?3? 1613l Otber-OtherDirectg 000 717,714 628,7623 161C Econ. Dev. All Other- Construction  ; _ - j __ lEcon. Dev. All 16ID lOther - Purchase of IP,P&E _ _ _ _ _ 162eS162 N Health - Salaries & 2,859,376 2,681,686 2,560,051 2,490,833 2,454,906-162BjSERVICEs 1 Health - Other 1,829,848 1,662,8551 1,576,889- 1,492,573 1,276,892

• I 62C 3Health-3 162C S~~~onstruction --  ?

162D1 OHealth-Purchaseof 138,409 91,141 423,378 114,494 112,850 TP,P& E__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mental Health - 163A ~ Salaries & Wages -- 3 - _ _ -_3

                          .Mental Health -

1637= 534,7401 534,3091 533,838I 530,62V-11 511,044.- Other Direct

I 163q Mental Health - Construction ________3___ Mental Health - 63DI _ Purchase of P,P&E -. . 3 ._____ str--ion_ ! 3164A Sadinstration- 3,162,0061 3,281,327 3,181,237l 3,012,8092 3,072,292 164 Administration- 1,817,8111 2,458,420 2,187,664 2,076,626 2,455,016

    !1164                    Administration          -

Cs ~~Construction .3

• ofP,P&E 36,555j 34,750 33,556 65,889i 105,812 165Other1 6B~ Assistanceir Programns 4,501,5281 3,703,613 3,887,192 3,951,594, 4,307,978-

                            'Hospital-County-3 -

166B3: ~~Other Direct .. 3 S. 168A. I3Hospital-Private - 30ther Direct_

                            '.Other Human
                                               ~-Salaries -816
                                                             -

_ I _ - 1Services 68,15J 64,257 58,704 61,122 55,70(>

3. fl 3.& Wages . 3 -

3.ther Human 168B IServices - Other 34,671] 37,90 30,103' 26,271 22,667 3 z~~Direct ' iOther Human 1680 IServices - ___ IConstruction

                            ._                                                            _                  3_                             __

3other Human 168D3 Services - Purchase 589i 3of P,P&E _ _ __3 _ 69A ILegal Aid - Salaries 3 E ,i&Wages l 3 ____ _ ___ 3169B' Legal Aid- Other 3Direct 3 _ _ _3_ '. Legal Aid - 3Construction _ _ 3 33 3 I 691) 3Legal Aid - IPurchase of P,P&E 3 3Human Serv. All 170AJ jOther - Salaries & jWages _ 3_ _ __ ' 170i Human Serv. All 1,045,2162 437,46 505,327, 503,537 388,364 10ther - O ther D irect __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ Human Serv. All 170C1 Other - Construction_ 3 31 _ _ _ _ _ _ Human Serv. All 170D3 Other - Purchase of ______ _ P,P&E 2, _ __ _+/- _ __ 171ACULTRE 171ACULTURE Recreationes &&WagesParks 743,460Y 658,876 615,989 585,679q 557,776 ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 171B3AND lOereaioc & 772,024- 795,2481 690,297 675,885 558,965 i-Other Direct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

                            ~Recraton & Parks 171CRECREAT. 1-Construction                                                                                               -

171D3 3Re ti & Prk 372,194: 336,505' 390,944 391,630 210,278-Purchase of PP&E__ 3Coliseum - Salaries

                             & Wages                            __                                                                           _                    -                    .
                            ~Coliseurn - Other

- 72B~ I IDirect -- - -- - - . . . .

l172C eColis Construction m: - _ . _ _

                                                                                                                                                                                                          .__

__3 _ Coliseum - Purchase! 1721Y of P,P&E ____-_- 173A3- Museumns-Salaries j I .

                  .       i      &      ~Wages .

Museums - Other l -: 173B I ~~Direct 4,0 3Museums-1 7 3C ction onstru . .- 3 Museums - Purchase! l7 1_ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of P _,P & E _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ . __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ i _ __ __ _ Libraries - SalariesI 446,323 426,722 393,595 380,292 174AI Wages 486,792 Lirae_Othe_ - 174B Libraries - Oter . 360,131 355,2253 311,340, 2 229,701 IDirect _064 _ _ _ _22__ _ _7__ 254_ _

                                     ?Libraries-      -

I 743 iConstruction - _ _ . '3 174DI 3Libranes - Purchase 556,90ff 83,878' 80'0501 200,276 137,417-

                                     ~of P ,P & E                          _   _     _    _     _     _          _     _   _     _     _           _     _    _     _    _   _ I   _  _    _    _   _  _     _    _   _    _    _   _     _    _     _    _    _

175A All Other - Salaries 1& Wages _ . _ _ _ _ 175B All Other- Other 83,650., 128,550i, 151,727 173432 81,772.

                                      ! Direct                             _   _    _   _     _     _   _  -  _    _     _  _    _       _         _    _    _    _   _    _

175dUTILTY All Other-- _ _ _ _ _ _ Construction _ All Other - Purchase: 17513 1of P ,P & E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176AI'Water& a176Alaries Wae-- Sewer 2,352,609' 1,954,732 1,812,982 1,746,212 1,618,186 1 76B- Wther&. Sewer- 5,758,013- 5,329,920- 4,401,530 5,113,149. 4,528,656 i~ther Direct - _____ ____________________________ 176C jWater&Sewer- . 4,262,411 8,452,5212 9,163,951 2,622,174- 3,418,70& j?  ? ?water & Sewer - 3  ??3 ?3 1761D Irate& Se E- 1,448,032- 374,862. 350,726 705,67d 188,617

                                      ¶Prchase       of PP&E                __     _    _      _      _      __        _   _      _       _    _     _     _      _    _     _   _   _    _    _    _  _    _    _   _       _    _     _    _     _    _     _   _

177B DEBT ¶Water & Sewer - 598,130 494,612' 848,506 965,666: 1,310,117 llnterest & Fees -' 17791SERVICE Wate.r & Sew& 3,355,1 64 3,917,713 3,910,093% 3,864,17Q 3,343,686 I ~~~Principal ______ ________________________________ 178B1 ntrs&Fes3,401,8231 2,781,6771 2,939,133 1,148,185i 453,252 I Public School - 1781) PubicShool 6,818,081' 2,570,6213 2,551,104 1,421,96 1,420,1151 179E l79B~~

                    .               ~~CommTech C tech Colege College?l 78,758i                            111,053.
                                                                                                                                                                               ?3 143,633.                               ,                    8,750i
                                     -   Interest & Fees                                                                                      -_____

Comm/Tech Collegel 707,9381 733,797 757,503j 125,0001 179D - Pncipal 180E~ Hospital - Interest &

?     _ _    _    _   _  _   _ _  _  Fees                                   _                _               _                 _              ?                                                          ?    __

t 180v _osalPrna1 18l1B AllOt r-st. 880,165 892,960 978,413 1,323,963 564,00& 4F ees --

• a - --- -_ _- - . - -

81l All Other- Principal. __? 1,200,152 1,510,6651 1,542,877 2679367 2,053,079V

                                     !Direct Benefit 182INPENSION                     iProgram - Other bDirect                               _                              -                                                         _            _                          _                             _             _

183BFRINGE Fringe Benefits

                                    !Unallocated

Separation r -- 1. 7 _ 184BiBENEFITS Allowance - Law 14,448 38,301 38,634 54,245 32,445E ____ :Enforcement l ~~Separation . 185B1 lowance - Other _____ trnployees 1 _ . .

                                    ',Supplemental 186BH                                Retirement - Law                                                     157, 787 1             157,787                    140,192i                  122,724'                120,812 lEnforcement                I                _                        _             _                         __

187B- IOther _ . _ _ _ MediadPyet 188A INTERGOV Ct dicaidPayments -Recipient IState State S __________________________ _____ 188B EXPEND icaid Paymen 'Part4f, 165 Pat4F, 165 3162 icty -;itemNumber __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188G dMedicaid Payments 3,415,764 3,679,949 3,473,220 2,990,520. 2,507,141 lCty -A m ount__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IAFDC Payments 1Cty - Recipient _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ AFDC Payments _Cty-ItemNumber . 189C3 AFDC Payments ICty - Amount _ _ 1 _ 3 " _ i Special Assistance Ito Adults - R ecipient-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ISpecial Assistance 190B= Ito Adults - Item _Number _ 190C 3Special Assistance

     -                              I Adults - Amount-                                                                                               ______-..

lEducation - School 191A. Current Exp - - _____ _________ _ Recipient _ _ _ _ ' 3 3 Education - School 191B9 Current Exp - Item Number ii _ Education - School 191C CurrentExp- 21,003,44GY 20,119,670 18,430,339 17,324,079 16,201,312 _______ _ A m ount 1 _ - I 3_ __ __ _

                  .- -              Educaton - School --                                                                        '            3a                                                 '

192A apital Outlay - I Education-School 192B _ Capital Outlay - _ i _ __ j_ __ 31 3 ~~Item# Education - School 192C Capital Outlay - 18,549,581i 21,004,99Q 27,997,871 10,942,483- 9,441,784

   -s   s__
          =-   =3 =^ .---.-----
                         .=

Amount 3 = . _= Education - Comm 193A1 Colleg- Current - 1 i i I _ _ a_ Recipi~~ent _.l _ Education - Comm 193E lCollege - Current - 4 jtem# ;J -m Education - Comm 193C iCollege - Current - 1,957,0357 1,725,36 1,627,7003 2,177,500- 1,634,35& ___ Amount - -I-3 Education - Comm 194Ak !College - Cap Outlay- Recipient

_______ _ _ Education -Cm

                                                   .- dC omm                           ,                                                ,                                     _ _          ITT-194B                              College - Cap .              ,

____ ._____ _ Outlay- Item  ! _ 3 _ _ I Education- Comm i 3 194CI 3______ College - Cap Outlay - Amount 3. Multi-Cty Health _ 128,500 313,920 _ I 257,000 237,836d 3 206,500'

          ,                 : Dist - Recipient                       _                      _                                  _                                        _                   .        _          _

195T T-.- Dist - Item Number, _ .___ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ -___ 3_ 95C !Multi-Cty Health

         .Dist                             -Amount               I                                             _                                                       _

19a 3Multi-Cty Areal.h3 196AI, Mental Hlth Auth - ______ IRecipient _ _ 17

                                   ,Multi-Cty Area 196B                              !Mental Hlth Auth -          ,                      L                                                                           ,

jItem# _ , - IMulti-Cty Area - 196C' IMental Hlth Auth - -_ L _ _____ ,Amount _ . _ , iMulti-Cty or Mun , 197A 3ILibrary District -

                                  -Recipient                        _       _  -          _                                                                           _       _  _3 IMulti-Cty or Mun 197B-                             iLibrary District -                _   _           ,                                _    _                     _                                                       -
          -3_                     3Item#                        3                     -3                                           _-
                                  ,Multi-Cty or Mun             I 197C                             ,Library District-       -

lAmount , , 3 ai

          ,                       3 Protection to a 1 98AL                             ~Fire Munic-Recipient                  _                                                                        _                   l                             ___

I9-BIFire Protection to a , IMunic - Item# _ - _ _ j_

 -irFire 18                                       Protection to a       I IMunic - Amount                 _                      _                                         . _                            _

31 l99Ai lGenGovtActivities, 3, . , , i W/ City - Recipient, _ _ _ - -3 i IGen Govt Activities, 9B 7W/ City - Item# I - - . _ _ _ IGen Govt Activities 199G iW/ City - Amount i_ _ - _ _ __ _ _ _ 200A 7, IOther- Recipient - _ . _ _=______ 200B7 lither Item-200C 201Aj .Other ii _

                          ~Number Other -Amount

_____,__.7

                                             - Recipient 7

_ _ 7 _ , 7-

                                                                                                                  ,

I 2O1B7 IOther - Item jN umber__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201C, 7Other - Amount . _ 7. _ . _ 3_7 ___ 202A 73 Other - ReitT:--- iOther - Item 202R 'Number _ 202C1 IOther - Amount 7 _______7 203A7 ' lOther - Recipient ,7 Other - Item 203 - iNumber _ . , .  ; _ 203C 3Other - Amount 7 3 _ _ _ _ 204A 11Other -Recipient -- - -- -

2049l 2040 I Oter-

                             ~~umber Ie Other- Amount I                                             _                                                     ___                   ___

204 .A Other - Recipient _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ Other-Item

20. Number . ____ 3 3 _____

204.11 Other-Amount ],------ 1-204.2A Other - Other - Item 204.23- __ I_____ umber _ _ -_ _ ____ 204.2C! Other - Amount Current year's levy 2053PART 6 -- Excluding motor 63,583,586 59,671,365- 57,718,278 52377,655 49,926,048l Ivehicles _ _ _ 3 _ _ __ _ ______ lCurrent year's levy z2O6O0THER 5--Motor vehicles 3,594,154 3,719 ,637. 3,496,155i 3,198,925; 3,057,518

                           !Uncollected Taxes -

lCurr Year's Levy 207jATA EClrre Motor 2,053,148 2,623,447 2,444,516. 1,975,677 1,882,212 ____ i3Vehicles __ - 3 _ _ __ _Uncollected Taxes - 20& jCurr Year's Levy i 616,836- 916348 684,004 - 553337 516,109a 3__1_ IMotor Vehicles _ _ i _ _ ___ 33 3 3 iPercentage of Taxes 2091 ICollected All 0.00°3 96.03 94.42 3 94.89i 95.45 95.46-3 1 I3Property  % _ _ . T - _ _ _ 5 iPercentage of Taxes - 210 Collected Exclude 5 0.00 96.77. 95.60i 95.76 96.23 96.235 L- . ~ Motor Vehicles % - - _ _ .5 -. 3Percentage of Taxes 2115 iCollected Motor 0.00 82.84 75.36 80.44. 82.70 83.12 ____l3Vehicles  % _______ _________________

                           'Total Amount of 212-                  Exp for Salaries &

_____ iWages 5 .5 5 _ 5 5 jCapital Rev Funds - a 213AJ 3Schools- Beginning 5,577,009 5,986,8709 5,076,323 3,874,5165 5,319,930Y 13 Balan Begnig 577 0095, Capital Rev Funds - 213B5 Schools - Ending 6,765,54Q 5,577,009; 5,986,870 5,076,323 3,874,516 Balance _ _  : _ ___ 3__ Capital Rev Funds - 214A Hosp - Beginning 5 5 Balance 3 Capital Rev Funds -  ; 214B1 Hosp - Ending a!_. Balancesfln:

                     .         asOn Hand &in I5.5q 215AXIPART 7           Bank - Debt Service..                                         2,903,909

____ und F___ ______ .3 ____ .____ ______ ____ _3 Cash On Hand & in. 215 CASH & Bank - Construction 54,675,114 36,056,584. 25,124,0253 57,785,127.5 14,013,660

             ._____        Bond            5                                   5_       _   -           5_

Cash On Hand & in 2150INVEST Bank - All Other 81,092,429: 69,257,709- 66,892,185- 62,914,870 62,171,562-

  .____                    _ Fnds            _          _         ___                        ______

lAppropriations 216APART 8-A Made During FY -.

-
                         -

_B(l) - B(7) - ....  ;

w - -

3. , ~~~Expenditures Made j3l'3, 1216B, During FY - B(1) - f

_ ~~~ B(7)-,, .- 3 ~~~Investment in -. l 3217 Property - B(1) - { 3- , _B34-Amount Expended 3 218 DuigY -B(5)-..- 3ll and ~B(7) . . Amutof Tax --- -

3. 2191 Rvne Taken ,. 3 3- 2Into ~Account _3','-_

         ' 5                       a~~~pening Balance(s) .3.,

220AIPART 8-B jWhite Goods--- 3 - 3,Account Designatd_ 3 q~~Opening Balance(s)..j l220Bjcon0d -86,303j -86,302,. -87,010j -91,768- -38,577j 3 ,~Undesignated .

        , ,                        33~~~Total Revenue                ,                                   ,                                        3, 2215                         l3Credited to white               -i,                         96,256,1             99,52Y3          74,931-3             76,6883,                3750 3 3       __

__ !Goods Account 3jEit 1222AN j T =8 99,24 74,2327,3=,7,2

                    ,              I~~Total Expenditures                                                                       ,                                    ,

222B 3for Capital,333 ,i 1 3~~hnprovements _

        , ,                        s3~~~Expenditures for                             -333                                                                           .1 222CI-                           iillegal dump                    3                i4183                                                                         3        8,052 3          _   ,~cleanu_                                         ,i
        ,         ,~~~~Ending Balance in3 ====                           ----

b3223A, ,White Goods , 3j

        ,___,                     ,~~Account Designated ,_,                                    ~         3 b-                        3~~~Ending Balance in ,T                           .*33-I,                     ,Whi~~te Goods                                                  -

3i223B3RAcun 33 -86,2733 -86,303- -86,302, -87,010i -91,768 i3 3 bi~~ndesignated 3 3 3, i~~The Amount of - 3 224B3 bWhite Goods Taxk 29,102: 28,4603, 28,604-1 27,895,: 27,590, l 3Actual~ly Received b3! 3, E3~~Amount in 218 thatI, ,, i 225B.1d 1 29,102! 28,460 - 27,8951.

            -3                    S~~~eligible                      33                   _,31-226-.            ~~Calculate      Threshold i                                       ,71                715i                                  694 I    ._        Amount.3                                                                                                                         .        -

E 3 ~~Total Tonnage of ,, 227-3 White Goods Scrap,3 2,93 14, 44 ,5, 1,1503 X 3 ial ~~~Collected ...... .. _.. . __ .....= ,. .=-

                                       ~a-me of Recycler or, 3, 3                       sDisposal Facility                I                                                                             3i3 3 I                        b!wo-uwt -Total                                    3l-3 1229AIPART              9        bRevenues &Other 3                                 i217,325J129,             165,112,4121-     131,833,6721"        176,906,30731 138,211,163, I     ,                   'F~~inmancing Sources 33,                                                                                                                         3
                                  !Amount - Subtract 229B3 3FISCAL                 i'Refinding Debt
                      -          !Proceeds
                                         ~ ~ -~s ...--.- - x--'. -- -                                                                         ..
                                                                                                                                             ....
                                                                                                                                        .. .....
  ---- . -r=r- _r s~=vsr srx'Amount -Subtr act r:~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                      i
                                                                       -

I .-.- --- .

                                                                                                            ....

229C0SUMM IARY 3Interfund Transfers 23,720,6141 19,062,065, 16,135,5541 13,728,4537 18,163,930, 3In

I229D3 Revenues~erAFNe 1 193,604,515 146,050,347 115,698,118 163,177,854j 120,047,233' _____ ~~Revenues Per AFIR __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

                        .Calculated amount                   3      .       193,604,5151      146,050,347        115,698,1181       163,177,854~ 120,047,233 Amounts ini                                                    7 AGREEMENT??              s                1iYes             lYes                 Yes             lYes                   Yes I        Difference                     _     .                     _                                                      .                 I

__ Amount - Total . . 230AI )Expend&Other 174,261,167 160,136,776 163,004,282 132,411,001 120,021,989 3Financing Uses _ _ . J 3Amount - Subtract 230B3 Pymts to Refunded LDebt Agent . .3. _ -3 -- -3 Amount - Subtract 230C IlnterfundTransfers 23,720,614: 19,062,0653 16,135,554! 13,728,453. 15,113,501 lOut _

                                                                                        -. _                  _

lAmount - Net _ __ 230Dj !ExpendituresPer 1 150,540,5533 141,074,711 146,868,728 118,682,548j 104,908,488j _ 3AFIR_____________

         '

3Calculated amount _ _ 150,540,5533 141,074,711.- 146,868,728N 118,682,548 104,908,488 Amounts i YsYes Yes iYes Yes Yes ___ ~~AGREEMENT?? ________ ____ _ _ _ ___ Difference 950PART 10 lOfficial Patricia P. Galloway 951zCERTI- ITitle Interim Finance Director _ _ 3 952FICATION .Date 112/01/2004 12/31/2003 1/8/2003 _ _ 1 953 Patricia P. Ga GContact yoa 3 9541 'Title In Finance Director 955N 'Telephone .910-253-2070 956 !Fax # 1910-253-2068 -___ 3 Financial Graphs and Comparisons

• Analysis of Available Fund Balance: General Fund
• Analysis of Property Tax Collection %

                                              . Analysis of General Obligation Debt

• Analysis of Revenue (5 years)
• Analyis of Revenue (most recent fiscal year)
• Analysis of.Expenditures by Function
• Analysis of Expenditures by Obiect Go to top ofpage Analysis of Available Fund Balance: General Fund 2000 - 2001 2002 2003 2004 County 40.98% 36.45% 35.88% 33.62% 40.12%

Pop. Group 18.20% 17.52% 18.36% 19.36% 22.71% Statewide 21.43% 20.84% 21.75% 21.81% 19.57% Brunswick County Population Group for 1999: 50,000 - 99,999 Go to top of page Analysis of Property Tax 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

County 95.46% 95.45% 94.89% 94.42% 96.03% Pop. Group 95.42% 95.31% 95.42% 95.00% 95.70% Statewide 96.72% 96.46% 96.49% 96.36% 96.70% Brunswick County Population Group for 1999: 50,000 - 99,999 Go to top of page Analysis of General Obligation Debt 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 County 916 818 971 1,043 988 Pop. Group 235 265 271 264 269 Statewide 560 587 644 685 704 Brunswick County Population Group for 1999: 50,000 - 99,999 Go to top of page Analysis of Revenue 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Property Taxes 757 756 793 793 838 Other Taxes 40 34 41 50 67 Sales Tax 168 166 164 179 203 Sales & Services 222 217 209 243 276 Intergovernmental 258 192 232 295 183 Debt Proceeds 187 737 0 232 728 Other Miscellaneous 93 112 65 55 72 Total 1,725 2,214 1,504 1,847 2,367 Go to top of page Analysis of Revenue for Fiscal 2004 2004 2004 Categorv Total Per Canita Property Taxes $68,478,690 $838 Other Taxes 5,509,615 67 Sales Tax 16,636,215 203 Sales & Services 22,550,893 276 Intergovernmental 14,941,387 183 Debt Proceeds 59,562,852 728 Other Miscellaneous 5,924,863 72 Total $193,604,515 $2,367 Population Group: 50,000 - 99,999 Go to top of page Analysis of Expenditures by Function for Fiscal 2004 2004 2004 Ca.teyorv Total Per Capita Ed ucation $41.638.556 $509 Debt Service 17,040,211 208 Human Services 19,444,080 238 General Government 18,192,279 222 Public Safety 18,789,409 230 Other 35,436,018 433 Total $150,540,553 $1,840 Population Group: 50,000 - 99,999 Go to top of page Analysis of Expenditures by Object for Fiscal 2004 2004 2004

Catemorv Total Per Capita Salaries & Wages $24,321,740 $297 Capital Outlay 14,739,072 180 Other Operating 66,425,421 812 Public School Capital 18,549,581 227 Public School Current 21,003,440 257 Other 5,501,299 67 Total $150,540,553 $1,840 Population Group: 50,000 - 99,999 Last Updated 9/30/2005 4:53:56 PM

N NRC FORM 20 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION JOB NUMBER (2-1998) REQUEST FOR-PRINTING AND COPYING SERVICES T : -  : NOTE: DO bO TUSE THIS FORM FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES (USE NRC FORM 30),-FOR AUDIOVISUAL AND PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICES SE RC FORM 459), OR FOR GRAPHIC SERVICES lPSE NRC FORM 460). REQUESTER OFFICE TELEPHONE MAIL STOP E-MAIL I.D. DATE OF REQUEST

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jf NUREG NOJFORM NO. ,tflOR PICKUP DATE AND TIME TITLE OF DOCUMENT 6  : Jg~J Q RETURN BY MAIL REQYIRED (njot ASAP)

6. SENSITIVITY LICLASSIFIED ort pn matenai, signbeow, 0Indica e you have received permission from the copyright af N, [] SENSITIVE UNCLASSIFIED owner to use the material.

5 0 LI COPYRIGHT MATERIAL SIGNATURE -ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER

                                                -             TRi~4                 a      PROPRIETAR'

EPR DUCTON T SPECIFICATIONS .

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O ONESIDE HEAD-TO-HEAD STOCK) PRINT ON DEMAND , OHEAD-TO-FOOT (PAPER) BINPERY SPECIFICATIONS J _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ ________ _____ ____ FOLDTO: ASSEMBLE (As original) LI STAPLE PAD HOLE PUNCH LI TAPE BIND 2 g1 ] -TOP LEFT NUMBER OF PADS SHEETS PER PAD OLS3

                        . FJ1    TPERC BIND                                    TAoSCpLEFT ii02 HOLES                 L     1t4' 3

GBC BIND PERFECT BIND V2 -LEFTSIDE

                                                                                                  .=
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HOLES

                                                                                                                                                      ===;          1 [       23/8" (NspE    a3 LI     LOOSE-LEAF                                 ADDLESTITCH DISTRIBUTION CODES (Check and complete all applicable data)
  ,I   DIVISION DIRECTOR & ABOVE                  AGENCY REPORTS A                       ] MGMTMADM M           MGMT/ADM N             LI WASTE MGMT          W L      BRANCHCHIEF&ABOVE

[]RULES AND REGS

                                                                      -

B Li RESEARCH R ] SPECIALTY X

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I SUPT. DOC. AVAILABILITY I STATE C  ; LI OREG GUIDES S L OTHER CODES [ NTISAVAILABILITY []COMM.ACTION [ EJ EXTERNAL 1 _ [] YES [] NO [] AN ADPITINIAL INSTRUCTIONS q.i Yr-I

                                                                                                                                                                        -

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NAICS Employment and Wages http://eslmi23.esc.state.nc.us/ew/EWResults.asp

               .
                                                  .       /Vc- L"..-
                                                                                      'ZO06 Planning Region 0 Insured Employment In North Carolina for Aggregate of all types by Subsector (3 dig it) for Quarter Ending June 30, 2004
           "*" In table indicates disclosure suppression.

NAICS No of Apr May June Av Industry Ho e j t  ; a u Empi fOr InutyCode Units EmnpI Empl. EmpI l o Total Federal Government l 87l 1,500 1,493 1,501 1,497]

       =__'=                     -.                                                                                                 -----     -         - i Total State Government                                                                                           84;             5,916              5,9191      5,7411        5,862i Total Local Government                                                                                         210             20,054              20,047      17,0611       19,053:

Total Private Industry 0 10,200 114,0600 116,003; 118,045, 116,026.i [Total All Industries i 10,581 141,530 143,462l 142,348] 142,43811 _____ __ _ __ _ _ _ -- 84' 91 2 [CropProduction __ _ 32-!_ 7105 __8 -192__ _8 Animal Production 27, 303 303-, 3061i 303 I [Forestry and Logging 45. 246 2451 2441 245' [Fishing, Hunting and Trapping - _

• Acuture_& Forestry Support Activity ___ __ 481 461 47J1 47 Mining (except Oil and Gas) 3 74 7 76 75!

i_ _____ ____.__.______ _ ._ _ ...... . ...- ___ __.__ __.

                                                                                                                                         ._....______           _ _ .__

Support Activities for Mining * *1 * *

• Utilities 24 1,408 1,4111 1,414] 704 Cons71truto -'---.II,:

2,835 - 2,753 Construction of Buildings I 518 2,679 2,744 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction -l l8 1,460 - 1,468 1,466  ! 1,46 Specaity Trade Contractors -' 818 6,484L 6,572- 6,5251 6,525 Food Manufacturing 21[ 2901 _290K 2- 288  ! Beverage & Tobacco Product Manufacturing 4 126f. 122[ 1220 1231 [Textile Mills il 10 387 385i 381 384'i Textile Product Mills 14, 93 93 941 93" Apparel Manufacturing 11. 172f 168f 174 172, Wood Product Manufacturing 35f 1,356f 1,356 1,3871 1,367; iPaper Manufacturing - _ 10 1,274 1,238 1,233 ! 1,248.' iPrinting and Related Support Activities 30 166 L 1721 162l 167 tro mC loucn 1 -1 [l *f fi

• 21 1

                                                                                                                                                                                  *
                                                                                                                                                                                              *
                                                                                                                                                                                              *i
                                                                                                                                                                                                 '
        .lPetroleum & Coal Products Manufacturing
                                ',                                                       i                      F                ';

lPharniosl t5s arErww Msr l araccurlng 19 1,698 1,689: 1,716 i . 1,701 tIIZI II I I0. 11d101 d0LLUI II iy iJ~f I i .: I Lj I, r i 10/26/2005 2:14 PM I -- 11 i , - i

I.UICS Employment and Wages http://eshni23.esc.state.nc.us/ew/EWResults.asp r , Plastics & Rubber Products Manufacturing 80 177 17811 1751 177:i Nonmetallic Mineral Product Mfg L 25 1,1841 1,133 l 1,1301 ,l50 1 Primary Metal Manufacturing _ _ 5 ____ 39_ 43, 431 41 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing I 45, 1,199 1,205 1,221 I 1,208' Machinery Manufacturing 3 29 677: 666 _ 685 6761 Computer and Electronic Product Mfg 97 0 97 Electrical Equipment and Appliances l *- _1:2.98. 1,300 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 15 1,263 1,300 1,331 1,298 Furniture and Related Product Mfg 28 216: 2141 212 213 Miscellaneous Manufacturing 391 315 3221 331 322 Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods 2921 2,25511 2,2511 2,287 2,263i Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods I 144 l 1,945 2,02111 2,095 2,020 ronic Markets and Agents/Brokers _ - 921 308_, 304 312 309:' Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers _ 2,779 _2,820 2,814__ 2,805 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores -103 809[ 744_ _ 7381 764 Electronics and Appliance Stores - 71- 458f 455 432- 450' Building Material & Garden Supply Stores -- 140 r 2,157 2,2151 2,1911 2,1871 Food and Beverage Stores _76 1 I 3,744:1 3,8311 4,1261l 1,950

            -  -_ - - -   - - _ _   _ __________ _ _             -__-- __    __ __   -==-                        _ _=__   __s----                                                           __
                                                                                                                                                                                            =

Health and Personal Care Stores _ 137 1 1,250] 1,2721 1,289 1,271-Gasoline Stations 181 1,133 1,195: 1,199: 1,174, Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 204 1,6411 1,668j 1,7041 1,671:

        .t                                                        --                                    =--=
                                                                                                         --- I_                                ==-===-------------=i____            ,L__-Fr jiSporting Goods/Hobby/Book/Music Stores                                                   9            V        101              751f                772:1            7691              763 llGeneral Merchandise Stores                                                                                      91,          4,090j          4,1511              4,1231            4,1201 Miscellaneous Store Retailers                                                                        -       212             1,131I           1,1341             1,1741            1,147l
                                 .,                                                  1S,,                     fI                                                   _.         _fiIngl Nonstore Retailers                                                                                              49i            614                 607.1           589i               603

_ _- _- -- -- - Air Transportation 01 49j 50' Water Transportation 61 5I 61 Truck Transportation ,30611 1,317, 11310;i

       ,-

glTransit and Ground Passenger Transport 121 115Dl 119' _ _ _ - _ _ === _ _ _ _ . _ . = _ _

        ,_

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation 1291 130 126i lj _ - Support Activities for Transportation 424, 1,5041 362 Postal Service 6141 619 308 i Couriers and Messengers 3191 3261 3201i I Warehousing and Storage 13 1331 _ 138'j 1API/ AA< Os1A DNA

NAICS Employment and Wages http://eshni23.esc.state.nc.us/ew/EVWResults.asp 3), E 1 llPublishing Industries 291 453j 456 1 461 457I

         .Motion Picture & Sound Recording Ind                                                                    9          -19 2152l             2101.            221            215:i
         .Broadcasting (except Internet)                                     _____25_                                            601-              597j               638-j        612 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting                                                                   *                   *                     .

• Telecommunications [ 391 521 511 5121 5151 ISPS Search Portals, & Data Processing i { 1 51 49 Other Information Services 31 24 221 22 12-fMonetary Authorities - Central Bank Credit Intermediation & Related Activity Financial Investment & Related Activity _ [__59 259f

                                                                                                                  *i   __*_l__

2,523 238. 2,535

• 23SF_

2,566i 246

• 1,2701 241
• c -' _ = ._ _ _

                                                          -0=-  . _   _=         -- --                      -4              --                        i        =---          ___     1__

Insurance Carriers & Related Activities i--- _ S_ ... _,__ 190 +1 908 1

                                                                                                                                  .            ,   9081I      __    9031    ,      906 I Funds, Trusts & Other Financial Vehicles                                                               4                   5                61                 5            5 Real Estate                                                                                       35               2,079            2,150            2,293           2,173 Rental and Leasing Services                                                                         90                 801               8391             8521           8301 Professonal and Technical Services                                                                982              6,547               466           6,500i          3,252 lManagement of Companies and Enterprises                          l                                                                                            4l1 Administrative and Support Services                                                               571               6,198L          6,407            6,529 L          2,126:

Waste Management and Remediation Service: 371 355 441 3611 386 Educational Services 173 13,049.1 13,012l 9,625j 3,966:. Ambulatory Health Care Services 611 8,366, 8,4461 8,522l 4,2231j Hospitals ._ 6 5,7661 5,802Z 5,807T 1,930-tNursing and Residential Care Facilities 99 3,688 3,667 3,662 1,8361 ISocial Assistance __ . 1461 2,3551 2,3871 2,364 1,184! Performing Arts and Spectator Sports i ___17_ 92_ _ 79_ 78_1 821 Museums, Parks and Historical Sites 11 1131 1161 122 29 Amusement, Gambling & Recreation Ind 150 2,860 3,029l ' 3 192L 3 026 d Accommodation 116l 2,202 2,309 2,398 2,302 Food Services and Drinking Places 714 1397 14,301 14 ,9 2 0 14,306 lRepair and Maintenance I [ 1,484 1,4671

                                                                                                                                                        -I 1,439l              732!

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ Personal and Laundry Services 199; 1,195 1,177 1,1801 1, 184 10/26/2005. 2:14 PM i~ Li

NAICS Employment and Wages http://eshni23 .esc.state.nc.us/ew/EWRdsults.asp

                                                                                                                           - r                     I

_ Iq Membership Organizations & Associations 109' 960. 996j 1,0771 1,0081 Private Households _ __160 236 2421 241 j 240 Executve, Legislative, & Gen Government Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activi Administration of Human Resource Program

                     -r                                      ,

W. ,, r . Administration of Environmental Programs Community and Housing Program Admin Administration of Economic Programs National Security & International Affair l Unclassified 389 1 7821 8481 9201 850I _ Getting Started - Glossary of Terms - Contact Information I IN^ -1PNIX.C n.tA f

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMAL SPECIES OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Tar River Spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana) drawing by R.Tumlison; courtesy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Compiled by Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA Mountains Piedmont Sandhills Tidewater Coastal Plain THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMAL SPECIES OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Compiled by Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources This list Is dynamic and is revised frequently as further data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list for various reasons. The list Is revised periodically, generally every two years. If you are using a copy of this list that is dated 2001 or older, It might be invalid and you should request a new version. Further information on these species may be obtained by contacting the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601, or by contacting the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1724 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27604-1724. Additional information on species can be obtained from the Natural Heritage Program's website at <www.ncsparks.net/nhp>.

i TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................ 1................... LIST FORMAT ............................................... 3 STATUS OF ANIMAL TAXA ON NHP RARE ANIMAL LIST........................ 10 MAMMALS ............................................... 12 BIRDS ...... - 15 REPTILES .2...................................... 1 AMPHIBIANS ...................................... 25 FRESHWATER FISHES ........ ................... . ......... 27 MOLLUSKS ........................................ 32 FRESHWATER BIVALVES ................................................. 32 FRESHWATER GASTROPODS ...................................... 37 TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS ............................................ 37 ARACHNIIDS ...................................... 40 CRUSTACEANS ....................................... 41 INSECTS ...................................... . 43 MAYFLIES ...................................... 43 STONEFLIES .............................. ...... 45 CADDISLIES......................... 45 DRAGONFLIES ...................................... 47 DA OSELFLIES ....................................... 49 ES FLIES ...................................... 49 FLIES ....................................... .i. . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 MOTHS .................................. 49 BUllTETRFLIES ....................................... 53 GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYJDIDS ...................................... 57 BEETLES ...................................... 58 TRUE BUGS ...................................... 58 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST ...................................... 59 MAMMALS ...................................... 61 BIRDS ..-- .. ...... . ------ !'------------------- . 61 REPTILES ............................. 63 AMPHIBIANS .6.4................................... 64 FRESHWATER FISHES ............................. 65 MOLLUSKS ............................. 66 FRESHWATER BIVALVES ........................ 66 FRESHWATER GASTROPODS ..................... 66 TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS ..................... 66

ARACHNEDS .............................. 66 CRUSTACEANS ..............................

                                                                           .......................... 67 INSECTS ..............................                                                                     68 MAYFLIES........................................................68 STONEFLIES ..............................                                                            69 CADDISFLTES ..............................                                                           70 DRAGONFLIES ..............................                                                           72 DAMSELFLIES ..............................                                                           73 MOTHS ..............................                                                                 73 BUTTERFLIES ................                                                              ......... 78 GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS ......................                                           ........ 79 BEETLES ..............................                                                               80 EXTIRPATED ANIMLALS IN NORTH CAROLINA ................................. 82 MAMMALS ...........................................                                                        82 BIRIDS ...........................................                                                         82 FRESHWATER FISHES ............................................                                             83 MOLLUSKS ............................................                                                  - 83 FRESHWATER BIVALVES ...........................................                                      83 POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA ANIMALS ............................                                            84 AMAMNMALLS ...........................................                                                     84 BIRDS ...........................................                                                          85 REPTILES ...........................................                                                       86 AMPHIBIANS ...........................................                                                     86 FISHES ............................................                                                        87 INSECTS ............................................                                                       88 BUTTERFLIES ...........................................                                              88 SIGNHIFCANT 2004 REVISIONS TO THE ANIDMLL LIST ........................                                   I.... 90 INDEX OF GENERA ...........................................                                                     96 NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM SPECIAL ANINMAL SURVEY FORM ...........................................                                         99
                                                                                                               -

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Portions of this list have been developed with the assistance of biologists in North Carolina and elsewhere. Scientific Councils for each vertebrate group and several invertebrates groups compiled the bulk of the rare species lists (for N.C. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species). Members of the current Scientific Councils are: MAMMALS - Mary Kay Clark (chair), Mary Bunch, Susan Loeb, Chris McGrath, Nancy Moncrief, Nora Murdock, Roger Powell, Terry Sharpe, David Webster, Peter Weigl. Former members: David Adams, Bill Adams, Carl Betsill, John Funderburg. BIRDS - Dave Lee (chair), Dave Allen, John Gerwin, Walker Golder, Herb Hendrickson, Mark Johns, Harry LeGrand, Merrill Lynch, Jim Parnell, Eloise Potter, Matt Rowe, Ted Simons, Haven Wiley. Former members: Allen Boynton, Phil Crutchfield, Tom Howard, Wayne Irvin, Jeff Walters. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES - Alvin Braswell (chair), Jeff Beane, Ruth Boettcher, Dick Bruce, Julian Harrison, Harold Heatwole, Dennis Herman, Wilson Laney, Nora Murdock, Dave Stephan, Wayne Van Devender, Dave Woodward. Former members: Bill Palmer, Jim Parnell. FRESHWATER FISHES - Wayne Starnes (chair), John Alderman, Brooks Burr, David Etnier, Robert Jenkins, David Lindquist, Ed Menhinick, Anthony Mullis, Richard Neves, Richard Noble, Bill Palmer, Gerald Pottern, Fred Rohde, Steve Ross. Former members: Alvin Braswell, Peter Coleman, Jerry West. MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES - Steve Ross (chair), Fred Rohde, David Lindquist. FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS - Art Bogan (chair), Bill Adams, John Alderman, Dick Biggins, John Fridell, Eugene Keferl, Hugh Porter, Amy Van Devender. Former member: Andy Gerberich. FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL CRUSTACEANS - John Clamp (chair), Bill Adams, John Alderman, John Cooper, David DeMont, Chris McGrath, Bill McLarney, Gabriela Mottesi, Janet Reid, Annette Taylor, Jan Williams. John Cooper (crayfishes), Dale Schweitzer (various groups but especially moths), Bo Sullivan (butterflies and moths), and Duncan Cuyler (dragonflies and damselflies) have been especially helpful in assisting the Natural Heritage Program in the development of many of the invertebrate lists of rare species. Also, the Biological Monitoring group of the N.C. Division of Water Quality (especially Trish MacPherson, Kathy Herring, Dave Lenat, and Dave Penrose) drafted the lists of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies for the previous (2001) publication; and Lenat drafted lists of additional aquatic insects, including beetles, for this 2004 publication. In addition to those above who helped compile the rare species lists, iother persons need to be acknowledged for providing data on rare species. Those who have made significant contributions (and not already listed above) include: Janice Allen, Hal Bain, Susan Campbell,^ MarkCantrell, Derb Carter, Jay Carter, Therese Conant, Sam Cooper, Bob Currie, Ricky Davis, Bob Dellinger, Phil Doerr, Aimee Fullerton, John Fussell, L.L. Gaddy, Ron Gatrelle, Gilbert Grant, Nelson Hairston, Paul Hart, Scott Hartley, Tom Henson, Richard Highton, Erich Hoffman, Cato Holler, Donna Hollingsworth, Joshua Laerm, Kevin Markham, Doug McNair, Jeff Nekola, Tom Padgett, Jesse Perry, Judith Ratcliffe, Bob Rose, Mara Savacool, Tim Savidge, Frank Schwartz, Rowland Shelley, Mark Simpson, Alan Smith, Ann Somers, Bob Soots,' Phil Spivey, Simon Thompson, Bryn Tracy, Brian Watson, Logan Williams, Chris Wilson, Randy Wilson. Biologists who provided input for suggested changes to this 2004 list (in addition to the Natural Heritage Program biologists) are: Jeff Beane, Bryn Tracy, John Cooper, John Gerwin, Mark Johns, Seth Lambiase, Dave Lenat, Trish MacPherson, Chris McGrath, Wayne Starnes, and David Webster.

1 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA INTRODUCTION The attached list of animals represents those species of vertebrates and invertebrates for which the N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NC NHP) is collecting data - in files, on computer, and on topographic maps. This is not strictly a list of protected animals; in fact, the majority of these species receive no formal protection whatsoever. Rather, it is a list of species that are endangered, threatened, or otherwise occur in small or unknown numbers in the state. The primary functions of the list are its use: 1) in determining priorities of inventory and protection for these animals - including the proposed listing of species for federal or state protection; 2) in determining priorities for protection of natural areas that contain such listed animals; and 3) in environmental assessments to "flag" rare species and their locations that might be negatively affected by proposed actions. The majority of the vertebrates on the list are those species currently listed for state protection by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC), based on lists of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), and Special Concern (SC) species developed nearly 15 years ago by Scientific Councils on mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, freshwater fishes, and mollusks. All of these species are included on this list, with the corresponding status listed in the "N.C. Status" column. (in addition, NC NHP is tracking other rare vertebrates and mollusks not given a formal state designation. These species are considered to be Significantly Rare [SR] in North Carolina.) As of March 2004, Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, and crustaceans are protected by state law, under the jurisdiction of the WRC. Protection for crustaceans (so far, only crayfishes) and certain venomous snakes was enacted in 2002. However, State law does not allow for protection of invertebrate groups other than mollusks and crustaceans. During 1997 and 1998, the Scientific Councils re-convened, prepared updated lists of species needing State protection, and submitted these lists to the WRC's Nongame Wildlife Advisory Committee. These lists were sent to the WRC for review; and approved in 1999. A recent change in State law requires any proposed legislation (such as lists of Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species) must go to the State General Assembly; if there is no action by that body to overturn proposed legislation by, a specified date, the legislation becomes law. Fortunately, these lists became law on July 1, 2002. Since that date, a few Scientific Councils have met and made suggestions (though not formally) for changes in state statuses; those statuses are listed in parentheses next to the current status. The list of rare marine and estuarine fishes was presented in 1988 by the N.C. Museum of Natural Sciences. Except for the federally listed Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon, all other marine and estuarine fishes were listed in 1988 as "Vulnerable, Category 2". Because the Atlantic Sturgeon also occurs in fresh waters, it has been listed by WRC as a Special Concern species, and thus it is listed in this publication under Freshwater Fishes (as is the state Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon). Marine and estuarine fishes are under the jurisdiction of the N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries; however, this agency does not have a list of endangered, threatened, and special concern fishes. Beginning with this 2004

2 list, the NC NHP is no longer tracking (nor including on the Watch List) marine and estuarine fishes. This decision is not due to their lack of state listing; rather, we receive few data on such species, survey for such species can be cumbersome, protection of them is difficult if not impossible, and there has no been no recent systematic account of the rarity and distribution of the hundreds of such fishes that occur in our salt and brackish waters. NC NHP lists of rare invertebrates - other than mollusks and crustaceans - have been derived from multiple sources. These lists have been prepared in consultation with other biologists in North Carolina and in the eastern United States. Because none of the invertebrates - other than mollusks and crayfishes - have been given legal state protection by WRC as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern, these species are given a status of Significantly Rare by NC NHP. For the same reasons as for marine and estuarine fishes given above, the NC NHP is no longer keeping marine invertebrates on its Rare or Watch lists. NC NHIP has also removed millipedes, scorpionflies, most beetles, ants, and annelids from its Watch List, primarily due to lack of new data on them and the apparent lack or scarcity of biologists working with these groups to provide data or provide updated lists of rare taxa.

3 LIST FORMAT Species are grouped by major taxa. The vertebrates are arranged by class, beginning with the most advanced phylogenetically (mammals). Within a given taxa, species are listed alphabetically by* scientific name. The following information is presented for each species on the list. "Status" is a word or phrase that indicates the degree of protection (if any), based on rarity, of a species; 'rank' is a numerical scale of the rarity of a species, regardless of legal protection. Scientific Name. Common Name. For most groups, these names are not standardized. North Carolina Status. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, and crustaceans have legal protection status in North Carolina (Wildlife Resources Commission). In addition to the above categories, the Natural Heritage Program maintains computer and map files on Significantly Rare species, as well as species considered Extirpated. Paper files only are maintained for a few of the above species; these species are indicated by the phrase "not tracking." STATUS STATUS DEFINITION CODE E Endangered "Any native or once-native species of wild animal whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's fauna is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to be in jeopardy or any species of wild animal determined to be an 'endangered species' pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). T Threatened "Any native or once-native species of wild animal which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range, or one that is designated as a threatened species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). SC Special Concern "Any species of wild animal native or once-native to North Carolina which is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to require monitoring but which may be taken under regulations adopted under the provisions of this Article." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). P_ Proposed Species has been proposed by a Scientific Council as a status (Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, Watch List, or for De-listing) that is different from the current status, but the status has not yet been adopted by the General Assembly as law. In the lists of rare species in this book, these proposed statuses are listed in parentheses below the current status. Only those proposed statuses that are different from the current statuses are listed.

4 ST 'ATUS STATUS DEFINITION C1ODE SR Significantly Any species which has not been listed by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Rare Commission as an Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern species, but which exists in the state in small numbers and has been determined by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitoring. (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation.) Significantly Rare species include "peripheral" species, whereby North Carolina lies at the periphery of the species' range (such as Hermit Thrush). EX Extirpated A species which is no longer believed to occur in the state. (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation, though WRC also uses this status; the NHP list includes those on the WRC list.) W Watch List Any other species believed to be of conservation concern in the state because of scarcity, declining populations, threats to populations, or inadequacy of information to assess its rarity (see page 59 for a more complete discussion). (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation.) G Species is a game animal, and therefore (by law) cannot be listed for State protection as E, T, or SC.

5 United States Status. This status is designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Federally listed Endangered and Threatened species are protected under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended through the 100th Congress. Unless otherwise noted, definitions are taken from the FederalRegister, Vol. 56, No. 225, November 21, 1991 (50 CER Part 17). STATUS STATUS DEFINITION CODE E Endangered A taxon "which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (Endangered Species Act, Section 3). T Threatened A taxon "which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (Endangered Species Act, Section 3). FSC (Federal) "... the Service is discontinuing the designation of Category 2 species as Species of candidates in this notice. The Service remains concerned about these Concern species, but further biological research and field study are needed to [also known as resolve the conservation status of these taxa. Many species of concern Species at Risk] will be found not to warrant listing, either because they are not threatened or endangered or because they do not qualify as species under the definition in the [Endangered Species] Act. Others may be found to be in greater danger of extinction than some present candidate taxa. The Service is working with the States and other private and public interests to assess their need for protection under the Act. Such species are the pool from which future candidates for listing will be drawn." (FederalRegister, February 28, 1996). The Service suggests that such taxa be considered as "Species of Concern" or "Species at Risk", neither of which has official status. The N.C. Natural Heritage Program uses "(Federal) Species of Concern" in this document for those taxa formerly considered as Category 2. P_ Proposed Species proposed in the FederalRegister as a status different from its current Federal status.

6 STATUS STATUS DEFINITION CODE T (S/A) Threatened due "Section 4 (e) of the [Endangered Species] Act authorizes the treatment to Similarity of of a species (subspecies or population segment) as endangered or Appearance threatened even though it is not otherwise listed as endangered or threatened if - (a) the species so closely resembles in appearance an endangered or threatened species that enforcement personnel would have substantial difficulty in differentiating between the listed and unlisted species; (b) the effect of this substantial difficulty is an additional threat to an endangered or threatened species; and (c) such treatment of an unlisted species will substantially facilitate the enforcement and further the policy of the Act." (FederalRegister, November 4, 1997). [The American Alligator is listed as T (S/A) due to Similarity of Appearance with other rare crocodilians, and the southern population of the Bog Turtle is listed as T (S/A) due to Similarity of Appearance with the northern population of the Bog Turtle (which is federally listed as Threatened and which does not occur in North Carolina).] XN Nonessential "Section 10 (j) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, Experimental provides for the designation of introduced populations of federally listed Population species as nonessential experimental. This designation allows for greater flexibility in the management of these populations by local, state, and Federal agencies. Specifically, the requirement for Federal agencies to avoid jeopardizing these populations by their actions is eliminated and allowances for taking the species are broadened." (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1995). D De-listed Species has been proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for de-listing from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. However, at the present time, the species is still on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and is thus protected under the Endangered Species Act. Because such species still have legal Federal protection, the NHP will maintain existing records on the species, though new records might not necessarily be added. If the status becomes law prior to the next publication of the NHP Rare Animal List, the Program will remove the Federal designation from its database (and thus the species will no longer appear on printouts of Federally listed species). NHP may or may not continue to track the species, depending on its legal State status and other factors such as overall abundance and range in the state.

7 North Carolina Rank. North Carolina ranks are based on The Nature Conservancy's system of measuring rarity and threat status. This system is widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity at the state level. State ranks are assigned by biologists within each Natural Heritage Program. RANK NUMBER OF DESCRIPTION EXTANT POPULATIONS SI 1-5 Critically imperiled in North Carolina because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s)' making it especially vulnerable to extirpation from North Carolina. S2 6-20 Imperiled in North Carolina because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation from North Carolina. S3 21-100 Rare or uncommon in North Carolina. S4 100-1000 Apparently secure in North Carolina, with many occurrences. S5 1000+ Demonstrably secure in North Carolina and essentially ineradicable under present conditions. SA 1-? Accidental or casual; one to several records for North Carolina, but the state is outside the normal range of the species. SH 0? Of historical occurrence in North Carolina, perhaps not having been verified in the past 20 years, and suspected to be still extant. SR - Reported from North Carolina, but without persuasive documentation which would provide a basis for either accepting or rejecting the report. SX 0 Apparently extirpated from North Carolina. SU - Possibly in peril in North Carolina but status uncertain; need more information. S? - Unranked, or rank uncertain. _B 1-? Rank of the breeding population in the state. Used for migratory species only. _N 1-? Rank of the non-breeding population in the state. Used for migratory species only. _Z_ 1-? Population is not of significant conservation concern. For example, the status "SZN" indicates that the population in the non-breeding seasons (generally in migration or in winter) is transitory, without any regular locales of occurrence whereby the species can be protected. Where a number is listed with the "B" or "N" modifier, there are definable locales of occurrence that can be identified for protection.

8 Global Rank. Global ranks are assigned by NatureServe (formerly the science branch of The Nature Conservancy) staff biologists and contract biologists, based on a consensus of scientific experts, the individual natural heritage programs, and the Natural Heritage Network. Global ranks apply to the status of a species throughout its range, and are based on data on the species' status rangewide. This system is widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity throughout its range. NOTE: Global ranks in brackets are those suggested by Scientific Councils in North Carolina, or by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program, and are not NatureServe's assigned ranks. These suggested ranks are listed below the TNC assigned ranks. In some cases, these suggested ranks were made to indicate that the Global Rank perhaps should be changed, with the taxa apparently more common in North Carolina than the Global Rank will allow (i.e., a rank of S3 G2 isn't technically allowed; thus, the global rank is suggested to be G3.) RANK NUMBER OF DESCRIPTION EXTANT POPULATIONS GI 1-5 Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. G2 6-20 Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. G3 21-100 Either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range (e.g., a single physiographic region) or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. G4 100-1000 Apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. G5 1000+ Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. GH 0? Of historical occurrence throughout its range, i.e., formerly part of the established biota, with the expectation that it may be rediscovered. GX 0 Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g., Passenger Pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. GU - Possibly in peril range-wide, but status uncertain; more information is needed. G? Unranked, or rank uncertain. G-Q -Questionable taxonomic assignment. T_ - The rank of a subspecies or variety. As an example, G4T1 would apply to a subspecies of a species with an overall rank of G4, but the subspecies warranting a rank of GI.

9 Phvsio~raphic Province/Region. The provinces/regions in which the animal is known to occur are indicated. This should not be regarded as the only province(s) or region(s) of the state in which the species could occur; our knowledge of the fauna of North Carolina, especially the invertebrates, is still very imperfect. The provinces are abbreviated as follows: M Mountains All parts of North Carolina west of the foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment. P Piedmont All parts of North Carolina east of the foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment and west of the Fall Line, including outlying "foothill" ranges, such as the Brushy, Uwharrie, and Sauratown mountains. S Sandhills The southwestern portion of the Coastal Plain province consisting mostly of deep aeolian sands of the Middendorf and Pinehurst formation (portions of Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond, Scotland, and Montgomery counties). The Sandhills are actually part of the Coastal Plain but are here distinguished because of their distinctive geomorphology and vegetation. C Coastal Plain All parts of North Carolina east of the Fall Line, but excluding the Sandhills region and those portions associated with tidal water (ocean, sounds, barrier islands, and mainland brackish or salt marshes). T Tidewater That part of the state associated with tidal water, such as the ocean and barrier islands, sounds, estuaries, and mainland brackish or salt marshes. Habitat. The known, or the most typical, habitats are described briefly; as with provinces, these should not be regarded as the only possible habitats of the species in the state. Counties of occurrence. Following the description of habitats is a listing, in parentheses, of the known counties of occurrence of the records in the Natural Heritage Program database. For most vertebrate species, this listing of counties is complete or reasonably complete. However, for many invertebrates, and a few vertebrates (generally those newly added to the Rare List), there is no listing of counties, as records have yet to be added to the database. Where county names appear in brackets, records from these counties have not yet been added to the database.) Counties in which the element was last observed more than 20 years ago are marked with an asterisk (*). The asterisk does not necessarily mean that the species no longer exists in that county; simply, it means that the date of the last observation available to the Natural Heritage Program from that county is 1983 or earlier. Counties where no date of occurrence (e.g., data from an atlas/dot map) is available are marked with a plus (+). Without additional information, the Program has no way of knowing whether such data should be considered as current or historic (marked with *). Records from such references, atlases, and other lists that were published or made available to the Program from 1983 or earlier should be considered as historic, but the Program has not yet updated the database for these obscure date records.

10 STATUS OF ANIMAL TAXA ON NHP RARE ANIMAL LIST (as of March, 2004) For names and definitions of statuses, see pages 3-5. Numbers in the table indicate number of taxa - generally species - for each group and status. Because many taxa have both an N.C. and a U.S. status, totals cannot be added across a complete line. Group Total Number of Species l N.C. Status i U.S. Status (rounded to nearest five) E E T FSC Mammals 120 6- 2 11 11 7 0 8 Birds 450 5 4 16 .30 3 2 13 Reptiles 70 5 4 11 4 3 4 4 Amphibians 90 1 4 12 11 0 0 5 Freshwater 245 9 13 26 19 2 2 26 Fishes Freshwater 19 10 6 7 7 0 11 Bivalves 75 Freshwaterand 250+ 4 10 24 9 0 1 10 Terrestrial Gastropods Arachnids  ? 0 0 0 11 1 0 1 Crustaceans ?7[45] 010] 0[0] 0[8] 19 0 0 10 [Crayfishes] Mayflies ?0 0 0 16 0 0 1

11 Stoneflies l 0? 0 0 7 0 0 0 Caddisflies  ? 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 Dragonflies 190 0 0 0 37 0 0 8 and Damselflies Flies  ? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Moths  ? 0 0 0 70 0 0 4 Butterflies 170 0 0 0 38 1 .0 8 Grasshoppers  ? 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 and Katydids Beetles  ? 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 True Bugs ?0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Totals  ? 49I 47 114 l 325 25 9 1 1101

12 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global MAMMALS Canis rufus Red Wolf SR ' E-XN SI Gl CM: swamps, pocosins, extensive forests (Beaufort+, Dare, Hyde, Tyrrell. Washington) Condyluracristatapop I Star-nosed Mole - Coastal Plain SC - S2 G5T2Q SC: moist meadows, bogs, swamps, population bottomlands [mountain population not of concern] (Bladen, Brunswick, Currituck*, Dare, Hoke, Mecklenburg*, Moore*, New Hanover*, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson, Scotland*, Wake, Washington*) Corynorhinus rafinesquiimacrotis Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat - T FSC S3 G3G4T? CS: roosts in hollow trees, old Coastal Plain subspecies buildings, and beneath bridges, usually near water (Beaufort*, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Chowan, Columbus*, Dare, Gates, Hoke+, Martin, Pender, Perquimans, Richmond, Robeson, Tyrrell, Washington, Wayne*) Corynorhinus rafinesquiiraflnesquii Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat - T FSC S2 G3G4T? M: roosts in caves, mines, and hollow Mountain subspecies trees, usually near water (Alexander*, Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Graham, Macon, Madison*, Swain, Transylvania*) Corynorhinustownsendii virginianus Virginia Big-eared Bat E E - Sl G4T2 M: roosts in caves (and rarely in mines), especially in limestone areas (Avery, Watauga+, Yancey) Glaucomys sabrinuscoloratus Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel E E S2 G5TI M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired Bat SR - S2?B,S4N G5 MP: roosts near water in tree cavities, clumps of leaves, crevices, etc. [breeding season only] (records not yet entered) Lasiuruscinereus Hoary Bat SR - Sl?B,S3?N G5 M: mid- to high elevations [breeding season only] (records not yet entered) Lasiurus internedius Northern Yellow Bat SR - SU G4G5 CP: roosts in Spanish moss and other thick vegetation near water, often in longleaf pine habitats (Mecklenburg, New Hanover) (

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 13 Scientific Name - Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Microtus chrotorrhinuscarolinensis Southern Rock Vole SC FSC S3 G4T3 M: rocky areas at high elevations, forests or fields (Avery, Haywood Jackson*, Macon*, Swain+, Yanc Mustela nivalis Least Weasel SR S2 G5 M: fields and forests, mostly at hi elevations (Avery*, Buncombe, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson-Madison*, Mitchell*, Watauga, Yancey*) Myotis austroriparius Southeastern Myotis SC FSC S3 G3G4 CP: roosts in buildings, hollow tn !es; forages near water (Bertie, Blader a, Chowan+, Clay, Columbus, Gates Halifax, Martin, New Hanover, Pender, Robeson, Wake*) Myotis grisescens Gray Myotis E E SA G3 M: roosts in caves; forages main1i r over open water (Buncombe*) Myotis leibji Eastern Small-footed Myotis SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 M: roosts in hollow trees (warmer months), in caves and mines (wir Lter) (Alleghany*, Avery, Buncombe*, Graham, Henderson, Macon, Rutherford, Swain, Wilkes, Yancaey) Myotis septentrionalis Northern Long-eared Myotis SC S3 G4 MP: roosts in hollow trees and buildings (warmer months), in caimes and mines (winter) (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Graham, Henderson, Macon, Poll Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Wake*, Watauga, Wilkes) Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis E E SUB,SZN G2 M: roosts in hollow trees or under loose bark (warmer months), inca (winter) (Graham, Jackson*, Mitchell*, Rutherford, Swain) Neotomnafloridanafloridana Eastern Woodrat - Coastal Plain T S1 G5T5 C: forests, mainly in moist areas population (Brunswick*, Carteret*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Neotomafloridanahaematoreia Eastern Woodrat - Southern SC FSC S3 G5T4Q MP: rocky places in deciduous or Appalachian population mixed forests, in southern mount and adjacent Piedmont (Buncomb Burke, Catawba, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mad McDowell, Polk, Rutherford, Swi Transylvania)

14 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST 01FTHE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Neotoma magister Appalachian Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 MP: rocky places and abandoned buildings in deciduous or mixed forests in the northern mountains aniI adjacent Piedmont (Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell+, Irede :i, McDowell, Mitchell+, Watauga, Yancey) Peromyscus kucopus easti Pungo White-footed Mouse SC - S2 G5Tl T: dunes and maritime thickets alonj B coast south to Corolla (Currituck) Peromyscuskucopus ssp 1 Buxton Woods White-footed Mouse SR - S2 G5T? T: maritime forests in Cape Hatteras vicinity (Dare+) Peromyscus polionotus Oldfield Mouse SR - Si? G5 P: sandy, fallow fields near South Carolina line (Cleveland+, Rutherford*) Puma concolor couguar Eastern Cougar E E SH G5TH MPC: extensive forests, remote area, (Brunswick*, Buncombe*, Carteret+ Haywood*, Montgomery*, Onslow*, Swain*, Yancey*) Sciurusniger Eastern Fox Squirrel SR -G S3 G5 MPSC: open forests, mainly longlea pine/scrub oak (Anson, Avery*, Beaufort, Bertie*, Bladen, Brunswic Buncombe*, Carteret+, Cherokee*, Clay*, Columbus, Craven+, Cumberland, Duplin+, Edgecombe, Franklin*, Graham*, Guilford*, Halifax, Harnett, Hertford*, Hoke, Johnston, Jones+, Lee*, Lenoir+, Macon*, Martin+, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico+, Pender Pitt, Richmond, Robeson+, Sampsor Scotland, Swain*, Wake, Wayne, Yadkin*) Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew SC S2 G4 M: high elevation forests with talus rocky slopes (Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania*, Yancey) Sorex palustrispunctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 M: stream banks in montane forests (Avery, Buncombe, Clay*, Haywood Macon, Swain*, Watauga+) Sorex sp 1 an undescribed shrew SR - S2 G1G2Q C: early succession fields, possibly low pocosins (endemic to eastern North Carolina) (Dare, Hyde)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 15 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sylvilagus obscurus [formerly S. Appalachian Cottontail SR - G FSC S3 G4 transitionalis] M: dense cover of montane woods and thickets (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania*, Watauga*, Yancey) Synaptomys cooperihelaletes Dismal Swamp Southern SR - S2 G5T3 C: low pocosins, early succession Bog Lemming wetlands (Beaufort, Craven, Gates, I. Jones, Pasquotank, Perquimans*) Trichechusmanatus West Indian Manatee E E SIN G2 T: warm waters of estuaries and river mouths (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Pitt) BIRDS Accipiterstriatus Sharp-shinned Hawk SR - S2B,S4N G5 MPS: forests and woodlands (for nesting) [breeding evidence only] (Avery, Mitchell+, Orange*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Aegolius acadicuspop I Northern Saw-whet IOwl - T FSC S2B,S2N G5T? Mf spruce-fir forests or mixed Southem Appalac] hian population hardwood/spruce forests (for nesting) [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 PSC: open longleaf pine forests, old fields [breeding season only] (Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe*, Carteret, Chatham, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Halifax*, Harnett, Hoke, Jones, Macon*, Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wake*, Warren) Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2BSIN G4 C: clearcut pocosins and other damp [the subspecies A. hL weedy fields [breeding season only] susurrans(Easter miHenslow's (Beaufort, Bertie, Brunswick, Carteret, Sparrow) is FSC., not the entire Columbus, Edgecombe, Gates, Martin, species] Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Wilson)

16 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Anhinga anhinga Anhinga SR - S2B,SZN G5 C: wooded lakes or ponds, or open swamps (for nesting) [breeding evidence only] (Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret*, Columbus*, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Halifax, Jones, New Hanover, Robeson) Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern SR - SlB,S3N G4 CT: fresh or brackish marshes (breeding season only] (Beaufort*, Carteret, Hyde, Pamlico) Catharusguttatus Hermit Thrush SR - SIB,S5N G5 M: spruce-fir forests (for nesting) [breeding season only] (Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) Certhiaamericana Brown Creeper SC - . S3B,S5N G5 M: high elevation forests, favoring spruce-fir mixed with hardwoods (Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Charadriusmelodus Piping Plover T T S2B,S2N 03 T: ocean beaches and island-end flats [breeding evidence only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Charadriuswilsonia Wilson's Plover SR S3B,SZN G5 T: beaches, island-end flats, estuarine islands [breeding evidence only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow SR - SlB,SZN G5 S: barren, sandy fields with scattered saplings in the sandhills region [breeding season only] (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Scotland) Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier SR - SlB,S4N G5 T: extensive brackish marshes (for nesting) [breeding evidence only] (Carteret, Dare, Hyde) Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo SR - S2B,SZN G5 M: deciduous forests, mainly at higher elevations [breeding season and habitat only] (Ashe*, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell+, Transylvania, Watauga) Columbinapasserina Common Ground-Dove SR - SHB,SZN G5 T: dunes, sandy fields, margins of maritime woods and thickets [breeding season only] (Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA I 17 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Contopus cooperi n Olive-sided Flycatcher SC FSC SUB,SZN G4 M: montane conifer forests (mainly spruce-fir) with openings or dead trees [breeding season only] (Haywood, Macon*, McDowell*, Mitchell*, Swain, Yancey) Coturnicopsnoveboracensis Yellow Rail SR S2N G4 TC: brackish or fresh marshes, wet fields [winter season only] (Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover*) Dendroicacerulea 4Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 MC: mature hardwood forests; steep slopes and coves in mountains, natural levees in Coastal Plain [breeding season only] (Bertie, Buncombe, Clay, Graham, Halifax, Haywood, Johnston, Macon, McDowell, Northampton, Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes) Dendroicamagnolia Magnolia Warbler SR - SIS2B,SZN G5 M: spruce-fir forests, especially in immature stands [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson*, McDowell, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Dendroicavirens waynei Black-throated Green Warbler - SR - S3B,SZN G5TU C: nonriverine wetland forests, Coastal Plain population especially where white cedar or cypress are mixed with hardwoods [breeding season only] (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Gates, Hyde*, Jones, Pamlico, Tyrrell, Washington) Egrettacaerulea Little Blue Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Jones, New Hanover, Robeson) Egrettathula Snowy Egret SC I- S3BS3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Robeson) Egrettatricolor Tricolored Heron SC - I S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover)

18 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST 01IFTHE RARE ANMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Empidonax alnorum Alder Flyca tcher SR S2B,SZN G5 M: high elevation shrub/sapling thicket [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Fakoperegrinus Peregrine FP alcon E SlB,S2N G4 MT: cliffs (for nesting); coastal ponds and mudflats (for foraging in winter) [nesting evidence; regular wintering sites] (Avery, Brunswick, Buncombe, Burke, Carteret, Dare, Haywood, Hyde*, Jackson, Madison, Rutherford, Stokes, Surry, Transylvania, Wilkes*, Yancey) Haematopuspalliatus American Clystercatcher SR S3B,S4N G5 T: estuaries, oyster beds, mudflats [breeding evidence only] (records not yet entered) Haliaeetusleucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) . S3B,S3N G4 PCT: mature forests near large bodies of water (for nesting); lakes and sounds [nesting sites; regular non-breeding sites] (Alexander, Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Burke, Camden, Catawba, Chatham, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Davidson, Durham, Gaston, Granville, Guilford, Halifax, Hamett, Haywood, Hyde, Johnston*, Lenoir, Martin*, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton*, Onslow, Orange, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pitt, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly, Tyrrell, Vance*, Wake, Warren*, Washington, Wilson) Himantopusmexicanus Black-necke d Stilt SR - S2B G5 T: fresh or brackish ponds and impoundments [breeding sites only] (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow, Pamlico) Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi: Kite SR - S2B G5 C: mature, extensive bottomland forests [regular summer locations only] (Bladen, Carteret, Columbus, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Martin, Nash, Richmond, Scotland, Wayne)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 19 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Lanius ludovicianusludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 PSC: fields and pastures [breeding season only] (Alamance+, Ashe+, Bladen+, Brunswick, Carteret, Catawba, Chatham, Cleveland, Davie, Edgecombe+, Forsyth, Franklin, Gaston, Granville+, Greene+, Guilford, Halifax, Iredell, Johnston+, Lenoir+, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover+, Pitt, Polk, Richmond, Robeson, Rowan, Rutherford, Scotland+, Stanly, Transylvania+, Wake+, Wayne) Lanius ludovicianusmigrans Migrant Loggerhead Shrike SC - SUB,SUN G4T3Q M: fields and pastures [breeding season only] Laterallusjamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3BS2N G4 TCP: brackish marshes, rarely fresh marshes [breeding season only] (Cartret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Onslow, Pamlico) Loxia curvirostrapop I Southern Appalachian Red Crossbill SC FSC S3B,S3N G5T? M:'coniferous forests, preferably spruce-fir (Ashe*, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Mycteria americana Wood Stork E E SIN G4 T: fresh or brackish ponds (for foraging) [regular non-breeding sites] (Brunswick) Passerculussandwichensis Savannah Sparrow SR - S2B,S5N G5 M: grassy fields and pastures [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Passerinaciris ciris Eastern Painted Bunting SR FSC S3B,SZN G5T3T4 T: maritime shrub thickets and forest edges [breeding season only] (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Pelecanusoccidentalis Brown Pelican SR - S3B,S4N 04 T: maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Ne%V Hanover) Phalacrocoraxauritus Double-crested Cormorant SR - SIB,S5N 05 CP: lakes with scattered trees for nesting [breeding sites only] (Chatham, Craven)

20 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Picoidesborealis Red-cockaded Woodpecker E E S2 G3 SCP: mature open pine forests, mainly in longleaf pine [breeding evidence only] (Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden*, Carteret, Chatham*, Columbus, f Craven, Cumberland, Currituck*, Dare, Duplin, Edgecombe*, Forsyth*, Gates, Halifax*, Harnett, Hertford*, Hoke, Hyde, Johnston, Jones, Lee*, Lenoir*, Montgomery, Moore, Nash*, New Hanover, Northampton*, Onslow, Orange*, Pamlico*, Pender, Pitt*, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Tyrrell, Wake*, Wayne, Wilson*) Plegadisfalcinellus Glossy Ibis SC - S2B,SZN G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover) Poecile atricapilluspracticus Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G517 M: high elevation forests, mainly Black-capped Chickadee spruce-fir [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe*, Haywood, Jackson, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey*) Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow SR - S2B,S2N G5 M: high elevation pastures and grassy fields [breeding season only] (Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Watauga) Porphyrilamartinica Purple Gallinule SR - SHB G5 C: freshwater ponds with floating vegetation [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Onslow*, Robeson) Ripariariparia Bank Swallow SR - SUB,SZN G5 MP: high, vertical banks for nesting [breeding sites only] (Avery, Wilkes*) Rynchops niger Black Skimmer SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Sphyrapicus variusappalachiensis Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC FSC S3B,S5N G5T? M: mature, open hardwoods with Sapsucker scattered dead trees [breeding season only] (Avery*, Buncombe, Clay*, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Sterna antillarum Least Tern' SC - S3B,SZN G4 T: beaches, sand flats, open dunes (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 21 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sterna caspia Caspian Tern SR SlB,S2N G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Dare, Hyde*) Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern E E SAB,SZN G4 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding evidence only] (Carteret*, Dare) Sterna hirundo Common Tern SC S3B,SZN G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Sterna nilotica Gull-billed Tern T S3B,SZN G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Onslow*) Thryomanes bewickii altus Appalachian Bewick's Wren E PSC SHB,SZN G5T2Q M: woodland borders or openings, farmlands or brushy fields, at high elevations [breeding season only] (Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania*) Vernivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler SR FSC S3B,SZN G4 M: old fields and successional hardwoods (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga; plus many additional counties) Vermivora pinus Blue-winged Warbler SR - S2B,SZN G5 M: low elevation brushy fields and thickets [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Buncombe*, Cherokee*, Graham*, Macon) Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo SR - S2B,SZN G5 M: groves of hardwoods along rivers and streams [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Cleveland, Halifax, Henderson, Macon*, Orange, Watauga) REPTlES Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 CT: fresh to slightly brackish lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes (Bladen, Brunswick, Camden*, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Duplin*, Gates*, Hyde, Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Robeson, Sampson*, Scotland*, Tyrrell*, Washington) Apalone spiniferaspinifera Eastern Spiny Softshell -SC - Si G5T5 M: large streams in the French Broad system (Buncombe, Madison)

22 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C., Global I Carettacareta Loggerhead T T S3B,S3N G3 T: nests on beaches; forages in ocean and sounds (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Chelonianydas Green Turtle T T SIB,SZN G3 T: nests on beaches; forages in ocean and sounds (Brunswick Carteret, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Ckmmys (see Glyptemys) Crotalusadamanteus Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake E - Si? G4 C: pine flatwoods, savannas, pine-oak sandhills (Bladen, Brunswick+, Carteret, Columbus+, Craven+, Cumberland*, Duplin+, Jones*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender*, Robeson*, Sampson*) Crotalushorridus Timber Rattle snake SC - S3 . G4 CMP: wetland forests in the Coastal Plain; rocky, upland forests elsewhere (Alexander, Alleghany, Anson+, Ashe, Avery+, Beaufort+, Bertie+, Bladen+, Brunswick+, Buncombe*, Burke, Camden+, Carteret, Catawba+, Cherokee+, Chowan+, Clay*, Cleveland+, Columbus+, Craven+, Cumberland+, Currituck+, Dare+, Davidson, Duplin+, Durham+, Gaston, Graham*, Granville+, Haywood+, Henderson, Hoke+, Hyde+. Jackson, Jones+, Lenoir+, Lincoln+, Macon*, Madison+, McDowell, Mitchell*, Montgomery+, I Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow+, IriLj I; Pamlico+, Pasquotank+, Pender, :I  ; Perquimans+, Pitt+, Polk*, Randolph, Richmond+, Robeson+, Rutherford, I

                                                                   .I Sampson-, Scotland, Stanly, Stokes, Surry*, Swain*, Transylvania*,                                     q Tyrrell+, Union+, Washington+,                            I        I Watauga+, Wayne+, Wilkes, Yancey+)

Deirochelys reticularia Chicken TurtlhI . SR S3 05 SC: quiet waters of ponds, ditches, and sluggish streams (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret+, Columbus, j Craven+, Cumberland, Dare, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pender, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wayne+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 23 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E E SAB,SZN G2 T: oceans, rarely in sounds (Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*, Currituck*, Dare, Hyde, Onslow) Eretnochelys imbricata Hawksbill E E SZN G3 T: oceans, very rarely in sounds (Carteret*, Dare) Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 MP: bogs, wet pastures, wet thickets (Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee, Clay, Forsyth, Gaston, Graham, Henderson, Iredell*, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Surry, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey) Heterodon simus Southern Ho]gnose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 SC: sandy woods, particularly pine-oak sandhills (Bladen, Brunswick*, Carteret+, Craven+, Cumberland+, Duplin+, Edgecombe+, Hoke, Jones+, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt+, Richmond+, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wake+, Wayne+) LampropeltiW getula sticticeps Outer Banks Kingsnake SC - S2 G5T2Q T: maritime forests, thickets, and grasslands on the Outer Banks (Carteret*, Currituck*, Dare*, Hyde*) Lepidochelys kempii Atlantic Ridl ey E E SAB,SZN GI T: ocean and sounds (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret*, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico) Liochlorophis vernalis Smooth Greeen Snake SC - SH G5 M: fields and grassy meadows (Rutherford*) Malaclemys terrapincentrata Carolina Dia mondback Terrapin SC S3 G4T4 T: salt or brackish marshes, estuaries; southern half of the coast (Beaufort+, Brunswick+, Carteret, Hyde+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender) Malaclemys terrapinterrapin Northern Diaimondback Terrapin SC FSC S3 G4T4 T: salt or brackish marshes, estuaries; northern half of the coast (Dare+) Masticophisflagellum Coachwhip SR S3 G5 SCTP: dry and sandy woods, mainly in pine/oak sandhills (Anson*, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret+, Cumberland, Hoke+, Lenoir+, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pender, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly, Union+, Wayne+)

24 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status . Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) ,N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Micrurusfilvius Eastern Coral Snake E - Si G5 CS: pine-oak sandhills, sandy flatwoods, maritime forests (Bladen, Brunswick*, Cumberland*, Harnett+, Hoke*, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Scotland+) Nerodia sipedon wiliamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC - S3 GST3 T: salt or brackish marshes (Beaufort, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico) Opheodrys (see Liochlorophis) Ophisaurusmimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC S2 G3 C: pine flatwoods, savannas, pineloak sandhills (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Sampson*) Pituophismelanoleucus melanoleucus Northern Pine Snake SC FSC S3 G4T4 SCM: dry and sandy woods, mainly in pine/oak sandhills (Brunswick, Cherokee*, Clay+, Cumberland+, Graham*, Harnett+, Hoke, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover*" Richmond, Rutherford+, Scotland, Swain*) Regina rigida Glossy Crayfish SnakiD SR . - S2S3 G5 C: marshes, cypress ponds, other wetlands (Bladen+, Brunswick*, Carteret+, Craven, Dare, Hoke, Hyde+, Jones+, New Hanover*, Onslow+, Robeson, Tyrrell+) Seminatrixpygaea Black Swamp Snake SR - S2 G5 C: in lush vegetation of ponds, ditches, or sluggish streams (Brunswick, Carteret+, Craven+, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover*, Onslow+, Pender*, Tyrrell+) Sistrurusmiliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC. - S3 G5 CSP: pine flatwoods, pine/oak sandhills, other pinetoak forests (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick*, Carteret, Cleveland*, Craven, Cumberland+, Gaston, Harnett+, Hoke+, Hyde, Montgomery+, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Richmond+, Sampson, Scotland) Sternotherus minor Loggerhead Musk Tin rde - SC - Si G5 M: streams and rivers in Mississippi drainage (Cherokee, Madison)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 25 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global AMPEIBIANS Ambystoma mabeei Mabee's Salamander SR - S3 G4 SC: savannas, wet woods, swamps (Bladen*, Columbus*, Hoke, New Hanover*, Pender*, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander SC - S2 G5 MP: breeds in fish-free semipermanent woodland ponds; forages in adjacent woodlands (Alleghany*, Buncombe, Cherokee, Guilford, Henderson*, Macon*,.Montgomery, Person, Polk, Richmond, Rockingham, Rowan, Surly, Transylvania*, Union) Ambystoma tigrinum Eastern Tiger Salamander T - S2 05 SC: breeds in fish-free semipermanent ponds; forages in adjacent woods, usually sandy pinewoods (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake) Aneides aeneus Green Salamander E FSC S2 G3G4 M: damp, shaded crevices of cliffs or rock outcrops in deciduous forests (southern mountains) (Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Rutherford, Transylvania) Bufo quercicus Oak Toad SR - S3 G5 CS: pine flatwoods and savannas, pine sandhills where near water (records not yet entered) Cryptobranchusalleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 M: large and clear fast-flowing streams (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain+, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Desmognathus aeneus Seepage Salamander SR FSC S3 G3G4 M: seeps, springs, or streams in forests in extreme southwestern counties (Cherokee, Clay*, Graham, Macon) Desmognathus imitatorpop I Imitator Salamander - Waterrock SR Si G3T1Q MNforests in the vicinity of Waterrock Knob population Knob (Jackson+) Desmognathussanteetlah Santeetlah Dusky Salamander SR S2S3 G3G4Q M: stream headwaters and seepage areas; southwestern mountains (Graham, Jackson*, Swain*) Desmognathuswrighti Pigmy Salamander SR S3 G3G4 M: spruce-fir and other high elevation forests (records not yet entered)

26 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Euryceajunaluska Junaluska Salamander T FSC S2 G3 M: forests near seeps and streams, mainly in the Cheoah River system (Cherokee, Clay, Graham) Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC - S2 G5 M: moist woods and floodplains; small ponds for breeding (Alleghanyp Clay*, Graham, Haywood*, Macon*, Watauga+) Eurycea quadridigitatapop ) Dwarf Salamander - silver morph SC S2 G5T2Q C: pocosins, bay forests, flatwoods, savannas (Hoke, Robeson, Scotland) Hemidactyliwn scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 G5 MPC: pools, bogs, and other wetland in hardwood forests (Alamance+, Avery, Bladen*, Buncombe*, Chatham, Cherokee+, Cumberland*, Duplin*, Durham, Gates, Graham+, Granville, Henderson*, Macon*, Mitchell*, Montgomery, Moore, Nast 1, Orange, Person, Polk+, Randolph, Rockingham*, Surry, Wake) Hyla versicolor Northern Gray Treefrog SR S1? G5 PM?: deciduous or mixed forests, often near water, range uncertain in NC (Warren+) Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 PC: rivers and large streams in Neuse and Tar drainages (endemic to North Carolina) (Beaufort*, Craven*, Durharm, Edgecombe, Frankdin, Granville*, Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir, Nash, Orange, Person*, Pitt*, Vance*, Wake, Warren, Wayne*, Wilson*) Nectunrs maculosus Common Mudpuppy SC SH G5 M: rivers and large streams (French Broad drainage) (Buncombe*, Henderson*, Transylvania*) Plethodonamplus Blue Ridge Gray-cheeked Salamander SR - S1S2 G1G2 M: mesic forests in the Hickorynut Gorge vicinity (endemic to this area) (Buncombe+, Henderson+, Rutherford+) Plethodonaureolus Tellico Salamander SR - S2 G2G3 M: forests in the Unicoi Mountains (Cherokee*, Graham*) Plethodon cheoah Cheoah Bald Salamander SR - S2? G2 M: mesic forests on Cheoah Bald (endemic to this area) (Graham+, Swain+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA2 27 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank I Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Plethodon ventralis Southern Ziigzag Salamander SC Si G4 M: moist areas of talus slopes or rock outcrops in hardwood forests (Buncombe*, Haywood, Henderson*, Madison*, Yancey) Plethodon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander T Si G5 P: upland forests (low mountains near Virginia border) (Alleghany, Stokes, Surry, Wilkes) Plethodon welleri Weller's Sallamander SC - S2 G3 - M: high elevation forests in northern mountains, mainly in spruce-fir and to a lesser degree, northern hardwood forests (Avery, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Plethodon yonahlossee pop I Crevice Sal, namander SC - Si G4TIQ M: Hickorynut Gorge area (endemic to this area); crevices in moist shaded rocks (Buncombe*, Henderson+, Rutherford) Pseudacrisbrachyphona Mountain CChorns Frog SC - Si G5 M: forests near temporary pools or ponds, in extreme southwestern mountains (Cherokee, Haywood*) Pseudacrisornata Ornate Cho rus Frog SR - S3 G5 SC: swamps, savannas, wooded ponds and pools (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Hoke, New Hanover*, Robeson, Sampson*, Scotland) Rana capito Carolina GC)pher Frog T FSC S2 G3 SC: breeds in temporary fish-free pools; forages in sandy woods, especially pine-oak sandhills (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Hoke, Jones*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Rana heckscheri River Frog SC SH G5 SC: river floodplains, such as pools or borrow pit ponds (Cumberland*, Moore*, Robeson*, Sampson*, Scotland*) FRESHWATER FISHES Acipenserbrevirostrum Shortnose Sturgeon E E Si G3 TC: brackish water of large rivers and estuaries; spawns in freshwater areas (Anson, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden*, Carteret*, Columbus, Currituck*, Dare, Hyde*, New Hanover, Onslow*, Pamlico*, Pasquotank*, Pender, Richmond)

28 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic Sturgeon SC S3 G3 TC: coastal waters, estuaries, large rivers (records not yet entered) Ambloplites cavifrons Roanoke Bass SR FSC S3 G3 PC: streams in Neuse and Tar systems, rarely in Cape Fear system (Durham, Edgecombe+, Franklin+, Granville, Halifax, Johnston+, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Pitt*, Wake+, Warren) Aplodinotus grunniens Freshwater Drum T (PSC) - S1? G5 M: French Broad River (Madison) Carpiodescarpio River Carpsucker SC - SH G5 M: French Broad River (Madison*) Carpiodesvelifer Highfin Carpsucker SC - S2 G4G5 PC: Catawba, Pee Dee, and Cape Fear rivers (Anson, Bladen, Catawba, Gaston, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Richmond) Clinostomusfunduloidesssp I Little Tennessee River Ros, yside Dace SC FSC S2 G5T3Q M: Little Tennessee drainage (Jackson, Macon, Swain) Cottus caeruleomentum Blue Ridge Sculpin SR(PSC) - Sl G4 P: Dan drainage (Stokes+) Comus carolinae Banded Sculpin T St G5 M: French Broad and Toe drainages (Avery, Madison) Cyprinellamonacha Spotfn Chub T T Si G2 M: Little Tennessee River, formerly in French Broad drainage (Buncombe*, Macon, Madison*, Swain) Cyprinellasp I (formerly considered part Thinlip Chub SC - S2 GUQ of C. zanema) SC: Cape Fear, Lumber, and Pee Dee drainages (Anson, Bladen*, Cumberland+, Richmond, Robeson+, Sampson, Scotland+) Cyprinella zanema Santee Chub SR - S3 G4 P: Catawba and Broad drainages (Burke, Caldwell, Catawba+, Iredell+, Lincoln, McDowell+, Mecklenburg+, Polk, Rutherford) Elassoma boehlkei . Carolina Pygmy Sunfish T FSC Si E G2 C: streams and canals in Waccamaw drainage (Brunswick, Columbus) Erimystax insignis Blotched Chub SR FSC . S3 0304 M: primarily French Broad drainage (Buncombe+, Cherokee+, Clay+, Henderson+, Madison+, Mitchell+, Yancey+) Etheostoma acuticeps Sharphead Darter T FSC Si G3 M: streams in Nolichucky system (Toe and Cane rivers) (Mitchell, Yancey)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 29 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Etheostoma collis pop I Carolina Darter - central SC FSC S3 G3T3Q P: streams in the Yadkin - Pee Dee Piedmont population and Catawba drainages (Anson+, Cabarrus, Davidson+, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Richmond, Stanly, Union) Etheostoma collis pop 2 Carolina Darter - eastern SC FSC S2 G3T3Q P: streams in the Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Piedmont population and Cape Fear drainages (Chatham, Durham+, Granville, Guilford, Moore, Orange*) Etheostoma inscriptum Turquoise Darter SC (Pa) I Si G4 M: streams of Savannah drainage (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Etheostomajessiae Blueside Darter - -SC SH G4Q M: streams in Mills River system (Henderson*) Etheostoma kanawhae Kanawha Darter SR S3 G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Etheostoma mariae Pinewoods Darter SC FSC S2 G3 SC: streams of Lumber drainage, mainly in the sandhills; perhaps in adjacent Pee Dee drainage (Hoke, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond, Robeson+, Scotland) Etheostoma perlongum Waccamaw Darter T FSC Si GIQ C: Lake Waccamaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Etheostomapodostemone Riverweed Darter SC S2 04 P: large streams in Dan River system (Caswell, Rockingham, Stokes) Etheostoma simoterum Snubnose Darter SC SH G5 M: streams of French Broad drainage (Madison*) Etheostoma vulneratum Wounded Darter SC FSC S2 G3 M: streams of Little Tennessee system; perhaps extirpated from French Broad system (Jackson, Macon, Madison*, Swain) Exoglossum laurae Tonguetied Minnow SR - S2 G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Exoglossumn maxillingua Cutlips Minnow E (PSC) - S1 G5 P: streams of Dan River system (Stokes) Fundulus cfdiaphanus (formerly Lake Phelps Killifish SR FSC Si GUQ considered part of F. waccamensis) (taxon endemic to North Carolina, but may be a population of F. diaphanus) C: Lake Phelps (Washington) Fundulus confluentus Marsh Killifish SR - S2 G5 T: fresh to brackish waters along coast (Carteret*, Dare*, Hyde*, Onslow+)

30. NATURAL HER[TAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name I Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Fundulus luciae Spotfin Killifish SR - S2 . G4 TC: ponds and pools along coast (Brunswick*, Carteret+, New Hanover*, Onslow+)

Fundulus waccamensis Waccamaw Killifish SC FSC SI GI C: Lake Waccarnaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Heterandriaformosa Least Killifish SC - S2 G5 C: streams and lakes near Wilmington (Brunswick, New Hanover) Hiodon tergisus Mooneye SC - SH G5 M: French Broad River (Henderson*, Madison+) Hybopsis rubrifrons Rosyface Chub T S1 G4 M: Savannah drainage (Transylvania) Hypenteliwn roanokense Roanoke Hog Sucker SR S3 G4 P: Dan drainage (Caswell, Rockingham+, Stokes) Ichthyomyzon bdelium Ohio Lamprey SR - SI G3G4 M: French Broad drainage (Madison) Ictiobus niger Black Buffalo SR SI G5 M: French Broad River (Madison) Lampetra aepyptera Least Brook Lamprey T - S2 G5 CP: Tar and Neuse drainages (Franklin, Halifax, Jones*, Pitt*, Wake, Warren) Lampetra appendix American Brook Lamprey T - SI G4 M: French Broad drainage (Madison) Lucania goodei Bluefin Killifish SC - SI G5 C: stream in Wilmington area; possibly introduced (New Hanover) Luxilus chrysocephalus Striped Shiner T (PSC) - S2 G5 M: Cane drainage; reported in Little Tennessee drainage (Macon, Yancey) Menidia extensa Waccamaw Silverside T T Sl G1 C: Lake Waccamaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Micropteruscoosae Redeye Bass SSR Si G5 M: Savannah drainage (Burke*, Jackson*, Transylvania) Moxostoma robustum Robust Redhorse SR (PE) FSC P: Pee Dee River (Anson, Davie*, Richmond, Rowan*, Surry*, Yadkin*) Moxostoma sp I Sicklefin Redhorse SR (PT) FSC S2 G2G3Q M: Little Tennessee and Hiwassee rivers (Cherokee, Clay, Jackson, Macon, Swain) Moxostoma sp 2 Carolina Redhorse SR (PE) FSC S1 G1G2Q P: Cape Fear and Pee Dee drainages (Anson, Chatham, Harnett*, Lee, Moore, Richmond) Notropis bifrenatus Bridle Shiner SC (PE) FSC Si G5 C: stream near lower Neuse River (Craven)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 31 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Notropis lutipinnis Yellowfm Shiner SC - S3 G4Q MP: Savannah, Little Tennessee, and Broad drainages [only the Savannah and Little Tennessee drainages are listed as SC] (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Notropis mekistocholas Cape Fear Shiner E B Sl G1 P: Cape Fear drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Chatham, Harnett, Lee, Moore, Randolph) Noturus eleutherus Mountain Madtom SC - SH G4 M: French Broad drainage (Madison*) Noturusflavus Stonecat E Si G5 M: Nolichucky, French Broad, and Little Tennessee drainages (Madison, Swain, Yancey) Noturusfuriosus Carolina lb4adtom SC (am) FSC S2 G2 CP: Tar and Neuse drainages (endemic to North Carolina) (Craven*, Durham*, Edgecombe, Franklin, Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir, Nash, Pitt*, Vance*, Wake, Wayne, Wilson*) Noturus gilbert Orangefin Madtom B FSC Si G2 . P: Dan drainage (Stokes) Noturus insignis ssp I Spotted M[adtom SR FSC SR . G5TlT2Q P: Dan River (no county data) Noturus sp I Broadtail IMadtom SC . FSC Si G2 C: Cape Fear, Waccamaw, and Lumber drainages (Bladen+, Brunswick*, Columbus*, Cumberland+, Duplin, Robeson, Sampson+) Percinaburtoni Blotchsidel Logperch E FSC Si G2 M: South Toe River, formerly in French Broad drainage (Buncombe*, Yancey) Percinacaprodes Logperch T - S2 G5, M: Tennessee drainages (Alleghany, Ashe, Madison) Percinanigrofasciata Blackbancled Darter SR (P1) - S1 . G5 M: Savannah drainage (Transylvania) Percinaoxyrhynchus SharpnoseeDarter SC - Si G4 M: New River drainage (Alleghany, Ashe) Percinasciera Dusky Da rter E - SH G5 M: French Broad drainage (Madison*) Percinasquamata I Olive Dariter

• SC FSC S2 G3 M: Tennessee drainages (Cherokee, Jackson*, Macon, Madison*, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey)

Phenacobiusteretulus Kanawha' Minnow SC FSC S2 G3G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga)

32 NATURAL HERTAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Polyodon spathula Paddlel fsh E - SH G4 M: French Broad River (Buncombe*, Madison*) Sander canadensis Sauger SR - S2 G5 M: French Broad and Hiwassee rivers (Cherokee+, Haywood+, Madison) Scartomyzon ariommus Bigeye Jumprock T S2 G4 P: Dan drainage (Forsyth, Rockingham, Stokes) Semotilus lwmbee Sandhil Is Chub SC FSC S3 G3 S: streams in the sandhills (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Montgomery*, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Stiostedion (see Sander) Thoburniahamiltoni Rustysii de Sucker E FSC Si G3 P: Dan drainage (Stokes) MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER BIVALVES Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf Wedgemussel E E Si GIG2 PC: Tar and Neuse drainages, mainly near Fall Line (Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Orange, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Alasmidonta raveneliana Appalachian EJktoe E E Si G1 M: Tennessee drainages (Buncombe*, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Alasmidonta robusta Carolina Elkto e SR Sl G1 P: Uwharrie River drainage; formerly Long Creek in Mecklenburg County (endemic to North Carolina) (Mecklenburg*, Montgomery) Alasmidonta undulata Triangle Floawter T - S2 G4 PC: most river systems in Piedmont and Coastal Plain (Caswell, Chatham, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton, Orange, Person, Pitt*, Randolph, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Alasmidonta varicosa Brook Floater E PSC Si G3 PM: Piedmont systems and along Blue Ridge escarpment of Catawba River system (Anson, Burke, Caldwell, Chatham, Forsyth, Gmanvifle, Macon, Montgomery, Moore, Orange, Randolph, Surry, Yadkin)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 33 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N,C. U.S. N.C. Global Alasmidonta viridis Slippershell Mussel E Si G4G5 M: Little Tennessee and Mills rivers (Henderson, Macon, Swain) Anodonta couperiana Barrel Floater E SH G4 C: Bladen County; formerly in Greenfield Lake (Bladen*, New Hanover*) Anodonta implicata Alewife Floater T Sl G5 C: Chowan, Meherrin, lower Roanoke, and Pee Dee rivers (Anson, Bertie, Chowan, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Northampton, Richmond, Washington) Cyclonaiastuberculata Purple Wartyback E Si G5 M: New River (Alleghany) Elliptio dilatata Spike SC Si G5 M: Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, and New rivers (Alleghany, Ashe, Cherokee, Macon, Swain, Watauga) Elliptiofolliculata Pod Lance SC Si G2G3Q C: Coastal Plain, mainly in Lake Waccamaw (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Duplin, Harnett, Pender, Sampson) Elliptio lanceolata Yellow Lance E FSC S1 G2G3 PC: Tar and Neuse systems, mainly near the Fall Line (Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wayne) Elliptio marsupiobesa Cape Fear Spike SC - S3 G3Q C: Cape Fear and Neuse basins (endemic to North Carolina) (Bladen, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, Johnston, Pender, Robeson, Sampson) Elliptio roanokensis Roanoke Slabshell T - Si G2G3 PC: Cape Fear north to Roanoke river systems (Anson, Bladen, Craven, Cumberland, Edgecombe, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly, Wake, Wayne*) Elliptiosteinstansana Tar River Spinymussel E E Si GI PC: Tar River drainage, very rare in Neuse drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Edgecombe, Franklin, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Pitt*, Warren) Elliptio waccamawensis Waccamaw Spike E' FSC S1 G2Q C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity (endemic to North Carolina; possibly in adjacent South Carolina) (Brunswick, Columbus)

34 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Fusconaiabarnesiana Tennessee IPigtoe E Si G2G3 M: Little Tennessee River (Macon, Swain) Fusconaiamasoni Atlantic Pig,toe E FSC S1 G2 CP: most Atlantic drainages, in lower Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain; also in Black River in lower Coastal Plain (Bladen, Caswell, Chatham*, Cumberland, Durham, Edgecombei Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton*, Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt*, Randolph, Union, Wake, Warren, Wayne, Wilson) Fusconaiasubrotunda Long-solid SR - Si G3 M: Hiwassee and French Broad systems (Buncombe*, Cherokee, Clay, Transylvania) Lampsilis cariosa Yellow Lan ipmussel E FSC S1 G3G4 PC: a number of river systems; mainly near the Fall Line (Alamance*, Anson, Bladen, Chatham, Columbus, Cumberland, Davie, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt*, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Vance) Lampsiisfasciola Wavy-rayed ILampmussel SC - S1 G4 M: French Broad, Pigeon, Hiwassee, and Little Tennessee systems (Cherokee; Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) L-npsilisfidlerkad Waccamaw Fatmucket T -SPsc , SI i G1Q C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Columbus) Lampsilis radiataconspicua Carolina Faltmucket T - S1? G5T2Q P: Neuse and Pee Dee systems I (Alamance, Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson, Durham, Granville, Montgomery, Orange, Person, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly) Lampsilis radiataradiata Eastern Lan ipmussel T - S1S2 G5T5 CP: a number of river systems (Bladen, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Nash, Northampton, Pender, Pitt, Sampson, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Lampsilis sp 2 a bivalve SR - Si GI PC: Neuse and Tar systems (endemic to North Carolina) (records not yet entered)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 35 Scientific Name - Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Lasmigona decorate Carolina Heelsplitter E E Si GI P: Catawba and Pee Dee drainages in Union County (endemic to this area and adjacent South Carolina) (Anson*, Cabanus*, Mecklenburg*, Richmond*, Union) Lasmigona holstonia Tennessee Heelsplitter E FSC Si G3 M: Mills River; formerly in Valley Creek in Cherokee County (Cherokee*, Henderson) Lasmigona subviridis Green Floater E FSC SI G3 CPM: Tar, Neuse, and Cape Fear systems downstate; New and Watauga systems in mountains (Alleghany, Ashe, Durham, Edgecombe, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Northampton, Orange, Person, Rockingham, Stokes, Wake, Watauga) Leptodea ochracea Tidewater Mucket T - Si G4 CP: a number of systems, primarily in the Coastal Plain; abundant in Lake Waccamaw (Bertie, Chowan, Columbus, Edgecombe*, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Martin, Northampton, Pitt, Washington) Ligumia nasuta Eastern Pondmussel T - Si G4G5 C: Chowan, Roanoke, and Cape Fear systems (Anson, Bertie, Brunswick, Chowan, Gates, Hertford, Nash*, Pitt*, Richmond, Washington) Pegiasfabula Littlewing Pearlymussel E E Si GI M: Little Tennessee River-, formerly in Valley River in Cherokee County (Cherokee*, Macon, Swain) Pleurobemacollina lames Spinymussel SR E Si G0 P: Dan and Mayo rivers (Rockingham, Stokes) Pleurobemaovwforme Tennessee Clubshell E FSC SI? G3 M: Little Tennessee and Hiwassee drainages (Cherokee, Transylvania) Sphaerium simile Grooved Fingernailclam SR - S1? 05 C: White Oak River (Jones, Onslow)

36 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Strophitus undulatus Creeper T. S2 G5 PC: Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, and Pee Dee systems, perhaps other systems in Piedmont (Alamance, Anson, Caswell, Chatham, Davidson, Durham, Edgecombe*, Forsyth, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Henderson, Johnston, Jones, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Pitt, Polk, Randolph, Richmond, Rockingham, Stanly, Surry, Transylvania, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson, Yadkin) Toxolasma pullus Savannah Lilliput E FSC S1 G2 PC: a number of Atlantic drainages (Columbus, Montgomery, Orange, Randolph, Union) Villosa constricta I Notched IRainbow SC - S3 G3 PC: most Atlantic drainages, mainly in lower Piedmont (Alamance, Burke, Chatham, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Hamett, Johnston, Lee*, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Randolph, Rockingham, Stanly, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Villosa delumbis Eastern C.reekshell SR - S3 G4 PC: most Atlantic drainages (Alamance, Anson, Bladen, Brunswick, Burke, Cabarrus, Chatham, Cumberland, Duplin, Granville, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Person, Randolph, Rockingham, Sampson, Stanly, Union) Villosa iris Rainbow SC - Si G5 M: Hiwassee and Little Tennessee drainages; formerly in French Broad drainage (Cherokee, Clay, Jackson, Macon, Swain) Villosa trabalis Cumberlaand Bean SR E SI Gi M: Hiwassee River (Cherokee) Villksa vanuxemensis Mountain i Creekshell T - S1 G4 M: Hiwassee drainage; formerly French Broad drainage (Cherokee) Villosa vaughaniana Carolina Creekshell. 4 E FSC S2 G2 P: Pee Dee, Catawba, and Cape Fear systems (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Alamance, Anson, Cabarrus, Chatham, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly, Union)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 37 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER GASTROPODS Amnicola sp I Waccamaw Snail SC - Si G? C: Lake Waccamaw and adjacent Big [GIQI Creek (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus*) Cincinnatiasp I Waccamaw Siltsnail SC Si G? C: Lake Waccamaw and adjacent Big [GIQ] Creek (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Elinia interrupta Knotty Elimia E FSC S G0 M: Hiwassee River and tributaries (Cherokee*) Ferrissiahendersoni Blackwater Ancylid SC - Si G5 CP: scattered locales in Coastal Plain and Piedmont, but mainly on margins of Carolina bay lakes (records not yet enred) Helisoma eucosmiun Greenfield Rams-ho m E FSC Si GIQ C: Greenfield Lake (formerly), creek in Brunswick County (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, New Hanover*) Leptoxis dilatata Seep Mudalia T - Si I G2? M: New River drainage in Ashe, [G31 Alleghany, and Watauga counties (Alexander*, Allegh any, Ashe, Watauga) Leptoxis virgata Smooth Mudalia SR FSC SU . G2 M?: reported from Hiwassee River, possibly in error Planorbellamagnifica Magnificent Rams-born E FSC Si Gi C: Orton Pond and pond on Sand Hill Creek; formerly Greenfield Lake (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, New Hanover*) Somatogynts virginicks Panhandle Pebblesn ail SR FSC Si? G1G2 P: Eno River (Durham) Viviparus intertextus Rotund Mysterysnai SR - S2? G3G4 C: swamps in Lumber and Waccamaw drainages (Columbus, Robeson) MOLLUSKS - TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS Appalachina chilhoweensis Queen Crater SC S2 G2 M: southern half of the mountains (Graham+, Haywood+, Madison+, Swain+) Catineilawaccamawensis Waccamaw Ambersnail T Si GUQ C: shoreline of Lake Waccamaw (Columbus)

38 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Discus bryanti Sawtooth DiscI SC - S2 G2 M: Watauga to Madison counties (Buncombe, Madison, Mitchell) Fumonelixjonesiana Big-tooth Cov'ert T - Si GI M: Newfound Gap area of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (endemic to this area) (Swain*) Fumonelix orestes Engraved Cov ert T - Sl GI M: Plott Balsam mountains (endemic to this area) (Haywood, Jackson) Fumonelix wheatleyi cingmanicus Clingman Covvert T FSC Si G4T3T4 M: Clingmans Dome region of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (endemic to this area) (Swain) Glyphyalinia clingmani Fragile Glyph E FSC Si G1 M: Black Mountains of Yancey County (endemic to North Carolina) (Yancey) Glyphyaliniajunaluskana Dark Glyph SC - S2 G2 M: southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Graham+, Macon+, Swain+) Glyphyaliniapentadelphia Pink Glyph SC - S2 G2G3 M: southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Clay+, Graham+, Macon+, Swain+) Glyphyaliniavanattai Honey Glyph SC - SIS2 G1G2 M: Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey counties (Avery+, Mitchell+, Yancey+) Haplotremakendeighi Blue-footed Lamcetooth SC - SIS2 GIG2 M: southwestern mountains (Macon+, Swain+) Helicodiscusbonamicus Spiral Coil SC - Si G M: Nantahala Gorge vicinity (endemic to this area) (Graham+, Macon+, Swain+) Helicodiscusfimbriatus Fringed Coil SC - S2 G2G3 M: extreme southwestern corner of the state, in Cherokee and Graham counties (Cherokee+, Graham+) Helicodiscustriodus Talus Coil SR - Si? G2 M: Madison County (Madison) Inflectariusdownieanus Dwarf Globele t SR - Si G3 M: northern mountains (Watauga) Inflectariusferrissi Smoky Mountutin Covert T - S2 G2 M: Great Smoky Mountains and Plott Balsams (endemic to these ranges) (Haywood+, Jackson+, Swain+) Inflectariussubpalliatus Velvet Covert SC . S2 G2 M: central mountains (Avery to Haywood counties) (Avery, Haywood+, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 39 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Paliferahemphihi BIlack Mantleslug SC S2 G3 M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir (Avery+, Jackson+, Mitchell+, Swain+, Yancey+) Paravitreaandrewsae Hiigh Mountain Supercoil SC S2 G2 M: northern half of the mountains (Avery, Buncombe+, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey+) Paravitreaclappi Mirey Ridge Supercoil SC SIS2 G1G2 M: high elevations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Swain+) Paravitrealacteodens R; imp Cove Supercoil SC Si G1 M: Graham County, possibly Cherokee County (endemic to this area) (Graham+) Paravitrealamellidens L imellate Supercoil SC S2 G2 M: southern half of the mountains (cherokee+, Grham+, Haywood+, Macon+, Swain+, Yancey+) Paravitreaplacentula GIlossy Supercoil SC S2 G3 M: Madison, Mitchell and Swain counties (Madison, Mitchell, Swain+) Paravitreaternaria Sc ulpted Supercoil T FSC S1 GI M: found under moist leaf litter on wooded hillsides and slopes (endemic to Madison County and Unicoi County, Tennessee) (Madison) Paravitreaumbilicaris 0lpen Supercoil SC S2 G2 M: extreme southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Graham+, Macon+) Paravitreavaridens Rc3an Supercoil T FSC S1S2 GIG2 M: Mitchell and Yancey counties (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent Tennessee) (Mitchell*, Yancey+) Pateraclarki D warf Proud Globe SC S2 G3 M: southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Clay+, Graham+, Jackson+, Macon+, Swain+) Pateraclarki nantahala NiDonday Globe T . T Si G3T1 M: Nantahala Gorge (endemic to this site) (Swain) Stenotrema depilatum G reat Smoky Slitmouth SC S2 G2 M: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (essentially endemic to this area) (Graham+, Swain+) Triodopsisfulciden D,warf Threetooth SC S1S2 G1G2 P: southwestern Piedmont (endemic to North Carolina) (Burke+, Catawba+, Cleveland+, Lincoln+)

40 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Triodopsis soelneri C;ape Fear Threetooth T FSC S2 G2 C: swampy habitats in the extreme southeastern corner of the state (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, Columbus*, New Hanover) Triodopsis tennesseensis Biidded Threetooth SR - SIS3 G3G4 M: Hot Springs vicinity (Madison) Valvata sincera . a' valvatid snail SR - Si GUQ P: Pee Dee drainage (Richmond) Ventridens coelaxis Bi[dentate Dome SC S2 G3 M: northern mountains (Alleghany+, Avery+, Madison, Watauga+) Ventridens collisella Scculptured Dome SR - Si G4 M: northern mountains (Mitchell, Watauga) Ventridens lasmodon HoDllow Dome SR - S1S3 G3 M: Madison County (Madison) Zonitoides patutoides Al ppalachian Gloss SC - S2 .G2 M: southwestern mountains (Macon+, Swain+) ARACHNIDS This arachnid list is a selective one, concentrating on cave and other montane spiders, and is not intended to be a complete list of the rare arachnids in the state. Hypochilus coylei a lampshade spider SR S3? G3? M: rock outcrops (apparently endemic to southern mountains of North Carolina) (Buncombe, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford) Hypochilus shear! a lampshade spider SR - S2S3 G2G3 M: rock outcrops (apparently endemic to Buncombe, McDowell, and Yancey counties, NC) (Buncombe, McDowell, Yancey) Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR E Si GI M: inmoss of spruce-fir forests (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent Tennessee) (Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, Swain*, Yancey*) Nesticus brimleyi a nesticid spider SR Si? GIG2 M: caves (endemic to the vicinity of Bat Cave) Nesticus carolinensis Linville Caverns Spider SR - S GI? M: caves (apparently endemic to Linville Caverns) (McDowell*) Nesticus cooperi Lost Nantahala Cave Spider SR FSC SI GIG2 M: caves and along Nantahala River (apparently endemic to Swain County, NC) (Macon, Swain+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 41 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Nesticus crosbyi a nesticid spider SR - Si? GI? M: spruce-fir forests (apparently endemic to Mount Mitchell) Nesticus mimus a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2 M: rocky areas; known from Grandfather Mountain and Table Rock; also in Virginia Nesticus sheari a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2? M: on ground in moist or rich forests (apparently endemic to Graham County, NC) Nesticus silvanus a nesticid spider SR - S2? *G2? M: habitat not indicated (apparently endemic to southern mountains of North Carolina) Nesticus sp I a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2? M: habitat not indicated (known only from Jackson and Transylvania counties, NC, and Oconee County, SC) CRUSTACEANS Ascetocythere cosmeta Grayson Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC S2? G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in sub-surface waters of burrows (Alleghany*, Avery*) Caecidoteacarolinensis Bennett's Mill Cave Water Slater SR FSC Si G1G2 P: caves; in McDowell County (McDowell*) Cambarusacanthura Spinytail Crayfish SR - Si G4 M: pools and small creeks in the Hiwassee drainage (records not yet entered) Cambaruscatagius Greensboro Burrowing Crayfish SC - S2 G3 P: Greensboro area to Uwharries [G2] (endemic to North Carolina) (Davidson, Guilford, Montgomery, Randolph) Cambaruschaugaensis Oconee Stream Crayfish SC - S2 G2 M: streams in Savannah drainage [G3] (endemic to northwest South Carolit and adjacent North Carolina and Georgia) (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Cambarusdavidi Carolina Ladle Crayfish SR - S2S3 G2G3 P: Neuse and Cape Fear drainages [G3] (endemic to North Carolina) (Alamance, Caswell*, Chatharn, Durham, Harrett, Orange, Rockingham, Wake)

.42 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Cambarusgeorgiae Little Tennessee River Crayfish SC - S2S3 G1 M: streams in Little Tennessee [G2G3] drainage (Jackson, Macon) Cambarus histricosus Sandhills Spiny Crayfish SR - S2 G2 S: endemic to streams in the Sandhi]Ils (records not yet entered) Cambarus lenati Broad River Stream Crayfish SR - S2 G1G2 P: streams in the Broad River draina ge [G2] (endemic to North Carolina) (Cleveland*, Rutherford) Cambarusnodosus Knotty Burrowing Crayfish SR - S2 G4 M: seepages and other mucky areas in Hiwassee drainage (records not yet entered) Cambarusparrishi Hiwassee Headwaters Crayfish SC FSC S2S3 GI M: streams in Hiwassee drainage [G3G4] (Cherokee, Clay) Cambarus reburrus French Broad River Crayfish SR FSC S2S3 G3G4 M: streams in upper portions of [G2G3] French Broad drainage, and in one stream in Savannah drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Buncombe, Henderson, Jackson, Madison, Transylvania) Cambarusspicatus Broad River Spiny Crayfish SC S2 G3 P: streams in Broad River drainage (Cleveland, Polk) Cambarus tuckasegee Tuckasegee Stream Crayfish SR S1 G1 M: streams in Tuckasegee River subdrainage of Little Tennessee Rive drainage (endemic to North Carolina (Jackson, Swain) Cymocythere clavata Oconee Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC S2? M: symbiotic on crayfish in mountai n streams and rivers (Transylvania*) Dactylocythere isabelae Catawba Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC SI? P: symbiotic on crayfish in Lyle Creaek in Catawba drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Catawba*) Dactylocythere prinsi Whitewater Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC S1 G? M: cold streams of Savannah drainaf ge in Jackson County (endemic to Nordi Carolina, but possible in adjacent South Carolina and Georgia) (Jackson+) Diacyclopsjeanneliputei Carolina Well Diacyclops SR SH G3G4T1T2 P: dug well, in Orange County (endemic to North Carolina) (Orange*) Lynceus gracdicornis Graceful Clam Shrimp SR S2? G5 C: temporary ponds, pools, and ditches (Craven, New Hanover)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 43 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Orconectes carolinensis North Car olina Spiny Crayfish SC S4 G3 CP: rivers and streams in the Neuse [G4] and Tar drainages (Craven*, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Greene*, Halifax*, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir*, Nash*, Pitt*, Vance, Wake*, Warren*, Wilson) Orconectes sp 1 a crayfish SR - S2? M: Cheoah River subdrainage of the Little Tennessee River basin (probably endemic to this area) (records not yet entered) Orconectes virginiensis Chowanolce Crayfish SC FSC S3 G3 C: streams and rivers in the Chowan [G3G4] and Roanoke drainages (Bertie, Granville+, Halifax, Hertford, Martin*, Northampton) Procambarusbraswelli Waccama, w Crayfish SC S2S3 G2G3 C: Waccamaw River and tributary streams (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Brunswick, Columbus, Scotland) Procambarusplumimanus Croatan Crayfish SR - S3 G4 C: rivers, ponds, ditches, and borrow pits in eastern Coastal Plain (endemic to North Carolina) (Carteret*, Craven+, Duplin*, Jones+, New Hanover*, Onslow*, Pender*) Skistodiaptomus carolinensis Carolina! Skistodiaptomus SR - S1?: G?- M: Lake Ravenel in Macon County (endemic to North Carolina) (Macon) Stygobromus carolinensis Yancey Si ideswimmer SR FSC S1 G1G2 M: seeps at Mount Mitchell (endemic to North Carolina) (Yancey+) Waltoncythere acuta Transylva nia Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC ST !? GI M: symbiotic on crayfish in high gradient rivers and streams in Transylvania County (endemic to North Carolina, but likely occurs in SC) (Transylvania*) INSECTS - MAYFLIES Asioplar dolani a mayfly SR - S2 G4 P: Neuse River (Wayne, Johnston) Baetisca becki a mayfly SR S1 G2 PC: Swift Creek (Nash), Fishing Creek (Edgecombe, Halifax) Baetisca laurentina a mayfly SR - SU G5 PC: Lower Jacobs Fork (Catawba), Trent River (Jones)

44 NATURAL HIERITAGE PROGRAM: LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Coommon nName Status Rank Province, Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Baetisca obesa a mayfly SR Si 05 C: known in NC only from the lower Tar River (Edgecombe, Pitt) Baetopus trishae a mayfly SR Si GI no locality data Barbaetisbenfieldi Benfield's Bearded Small Minnow SR Si G2 M: Jacob Fork (Burke), French Broad Mayfly River (Buncombe, Transylvania), Caney Fork (Jackson); may be undersampled - narrow window of collectibility) Cercobrachysetowah a caenid rnayfly SR S2 G2 P: known in NC only from the Tar River, taxonomically difficult Choroterpesbasalis a mayfly SR - S2 G5 PSC: Waccamaw River (Columbus, Brunswick), Drowning Creek (Moore, Richmond), Bear Creek (Chatham), Lanes Creek (Union), UT Laurens Creek (Union), Dutchmans Creek (?) Dolaniaamericana American nSand Burrowing Mayfly SR FSC SH G4 C: only known NC occurrence is from the Black River; not seen since 1974 (Sampson*) Drunella longicornis a mayfly SR - S3 G5 M: recorded from nine streams and rivers in the mountains, from Watauga River (Watauga) to Williamson Creek (Transylvania) (Avery, Henderson, McDowell, Transylvania, Yancey) Ephemerella berneri a mayfly SR - S2 G3 PM: probably widespread in clean streams and rivers with Podostemum (Ashe, Buncombe, Burke, Durham, McDowell, Rockingham) Habrophlebiodesspp Habrophl ebiodes mayflies SR - S2 G? very small streams; no locality data Homoeoneuria cahabensis Cahaba Sand-filtering Mayfly SR - SIS2 02 P: South Fork Yadkin River (Davie), South Fork Catawba River (Lincoln), Hunting Creek (Iredell), Third Creek. (Rowan), Second Broad River (Rutherford) Macdunnoabrunnea a mayfly SR S2 G3 MP: French Broad River (Buncombe), Mills River (Henderson), Hunting Creek (Davie, Iredell), Leepers Creek (Gaston), Yadkin River (Wilkes), Swift Creek (Nash) Serratellaspiculosa Spiculose Serratellan Mayfly SR S1S2 G2 Reported from the state, but no specimens have been confirmed (Maqon)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 45 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Tortopus puella a mayfly SR Si G4 P: only one NC specimen known, from Tar River (Franldin*) INSECTS - STONEFLIES Attaneuriaruralis astonefly SR - S2 G4 MS: Cataloochee Creek (Haywood), West Fork Pigeon River (Haywood), South Fork New River (Ashe), Naked Creek (Richmond) Bolotoperla rossi astonefly SR S3 G4 M: known from eight streams and rivers in the mountains, from Ashe County to Transylvania County (Alleghany, Ashe, Caldwell, McDowell, Transylvania, Watauga) Isoperlafrisoni aastonefly SR - S3 G5 MP: known from six streams and rivers in the mountains, from Ashe County to Macon County; also found in the Dan River (Ashe, Macon, Transylvania) Isoperlalata aperlid stonefly SR S3 G5 M: recent state records from Fires Creek (Clay) and Big Creek (Haywood) Megaleuctrawiiliamsae Williams' Rare Winter Stonefly SR - Si G2 M: UT Cullasaja River (Macon), Cove Creek (Haywood), Mull Creek (Jackson), Beech Flats Prong (Swain); possibly undersampled - semi-aquatic Perlinellaephyre astonefly SR - S3 - G5 PSC: known from eight streams and rivers in the Sandhills and inner Coastal Plain; also occurs in Flat River (Person) and Terrible Creek (Wake) Zapadachila aastonefly SR - SIS2 G2^ M: small streams - Beech Flats Prong (Swain), also in Ashe County; hard to identify and may be undersampled INSECTS - CADDISFIES . Ceracleacancellata a caddisfly SR -< SIS2 G? PSC: Naked Creek (Richmond*), Roanoke River (Bertie), Ellis and Turnbull creeks (Bladen)

46 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Ceraclea mentiea a caddisfly SR S2 G? MP: Big Horse Creek (Ashe), North and South Forks of New River (Ashe, Alleghany), Mayo River (Rockingham) Ceracleaslossonae a caddisfly SR S2? G? M: North Fork New River (Ashe), Johns River (Burke); may be more numerous but difficult to identify Dibusa angata a caddisfly SR S3 G? P: South Yadkin River (Davie, Rowan), Eno River (Durham), Little River (Wake), Little River (Durham), Cane Creek (Orange) Diplectronametaqui a diplectron an caddisfly SR Si G? P: known in NC only from Hanging Rock State Park (Stokes), but has possibly been undersampled - occurs in small streams Manophylax altus Mount Mitchell Caddisfly SR Si G? M: recorded only from Mt. Mitchell (Yancey), but probably occurs elsewhere Matrioptilajeanae a caddisfly SR S3 G? PM: known from ten streams and rivers in the Mountains and Piedmont; poorly sampled due to occurrence in small streams (Burke, Clay, Henderson, Johnston, Macon, Transylvania) Micrasema burksi a caddisfly SR - S3 M: known from eleven streams in the Mountains, from Avery County to Clay County (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, R Macon, Swain, Yancey) Micrasenaspridesi a caddisfly SR - S3 G? PM: known from eight streams and rivers, primarily in the Mountains but also in the Mayo River (Burke, Henderson, Macon, McDowell, Rockingham, Surry, Yancey) Palaeagapetuscelsus a caddisfly SR - S2 G? M: Wilson Creek (Avery), Boone Fork (Watuaga); may be undersampled due to occurrence in small streams Rhyacophila amicis a caddisfly SR - S2 G? M: Cullasaja River (Macon), Nantahala River (Macon, Clay), Whiterock Creek (Jackson), Spainhour Creek (Caldwell), North Toe River (? County), Deep Creek (? County), Oconoluftee River (Swain)

NATURAL HERrTAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 47 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Rhyacophilamainensis acaddisfly SR - S2 G? M: rivers and streams (Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Macon, McDowell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Rhyacophila vibox arhyacophilan caddisfly SR - S1S2 G? MP: Whiteoak Creek (Macon), Mitchell River (Surry) Triaenodesmarginata a triaenode caddisfly SR - S3 G? PSC: Stewart Creek (Mecklenburg), Long Creek (Gaston), Whiteoak Creek (Polk); Lumber River (Robeson), UT Hitchcock Creek (Richmond), Mill Creek (Moore) INSECTS - DRAGONFLIES Aeshna tuberculifera Black-tipped Darner SR SIS2 G4 M: boggy or marshy ponds (Burke+, Wilkes+) Aeshna verticalis Green-striped Darner SR S1S2 G5 M: marshy ponds (Burke+, Henderson+) Corduliashurtleffli American Emerald SR Si? G5 M: ponds, lakes, bogs (Burke+) Dromogomphus spoliatus Flag-tailed Spinyleg SR SR G4G5 M?: rivers, creeks, ponds Gomphus abbreviatus Spine-crowned Clubtail SR S3? G3G4 PC: rivers (Chatham+, Cumberland+, Durham+, Lee+, Mecklenburg+, Montgomery+, Moore+, Person+, Randolph+, Union+) Gomphus adelphus Moustached Clubtail SR SIS2 G4 M: small rivers with rapids (Avery+, Haywood+, Madison+, Yancey+) Gomphus australis Clearlake Clubtail SR S2? 04 C: lakes and ponds (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Gomphus borealis Beaverpond Clubtail SR SH G4 M: lakes, ponds, streams (Mitchell*) Gomphus cavillarisbrimleyi Brimley's Clubtail SR S1S2 G4T3 C: sand-bottomed lakes and streams (Bladen+, Brunswick+) Gomphus consanguis Cherokee Clubtail SR FSC SIS2 G2G3 MP: small spring-fed streams (Burke+, Davie+) Gomphus descriptus Harpoon Clubtail SR S1? G4 M: large streams and rivers (Avery+, Haywood+) Gomphusffraternus Midland Clubtail SR SI? G5 P: rocky rivers (Anson+, Stanlyt)

48 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific.Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Gomphus lineatifrons Splendid Clubtail SR - S2S3 G4 MP: rivers (Alleghany+, Ashe+, Avery+, Durham, Haywood+, Orange) Gomphus quadricolor Rapids Clubtail SR - S1S2 G3G4. P: rocky rivers (Chatham+, Moore+) Gomphus septima Septima's Clubtail SR FSC S1S3 G2 P: rivers (Chatham, Durham*, Lee) Gomphus ventricosus Skillet Clubtail SR - S1S2 G3 P: rivers (Caswell+, Franklin+, Vance+) Gomphus viridifrons Green-faced Clubt ail SR - S1S2 G3 M: rivers (Alleghany+, Ashe+) Lanthus parvulus Northern Pygmy CClubtail - SR - SR G4 M: small spring-fed streams Libellulajulia Chalk-fronted Cot poral SR - S1 05 M: bogs, marshes (Jackson) Macromia margarita Mountain River Cruiser SR FSC S2S3 G3 PM: rivers (Burke, Caldwell+, Macon+, Transylvania) Neurocorduliamolesta Smoky Shadowdraragon SR - S2S3 G4 C: rivers (Bladen+, Cumberland+, Edgecombe+, Harnett+, Lenoir+, Richmond+, Sampson+, Wayne+) Neurocorduliavirginiensis Cinnamon Shadovvdragon SR - S2S3 G4 P: large rivers (Chatham+, Durham+, Halifax+, Harnett+, Nash+) Neurocorduliayamaskanensis Stygian Shadowdr agon SR - S1S2 G5 M: rivers (Alleghany+, Madison+) Ophiogomphus aspersus Brook Snaketail SR - S1S2 G3G4 M: rapids of rivers and streams (Alleghany+, Ashe, Haywood+) Ophiogomphus edmwndo Edmund's Snaketa il SR FSC Si? GIG2 M: Blue Ridge Escarpment streams (Burke, Caldwell) Ophiogomphus howei Pygmy Snaketail SR FSC SIS2 G3 M: rivers (Alleghany, Ashe, Burke) Ophiogomphus nainensis Maine Snaketail SR - S2? G4 M: rapids of rivers and streams (Burke+, Caldwell+, Haywood+, Mitchell+, Watauga+, Yancey+) Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis Rusty Snaketail SR - . SR 05 M: streams Progomphusbellei Belle's Sanddragor SR FSC S1 G3 C: sand-bottomed lakes and streams (Bladen) Somatochloraelongata Ski-tailed Emerald SR S2S3 G5 M: slow to moderate streams (Avery+, Burke+, Clay+, Jackson+, Macon+) Stylurus notatus Elusive Clubtail SR FSC SR G3 P: large rivers Stylurus scudderi Zebra Clubtail SR S3? G4 M: streams and rivers (Ashe+, Avery+, Jackson+, Macon+, Swain+, Wilkes+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 49 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Stylunrs townesi Townes' Clubtail SR FSC Si? G3 C: small rivers (Columbus+, Robeson+) Sympetrum obtrusunm White-faced Meadowhawk  : SR Si? G5 M: boggy or marshy ponds and lakes (Watauga+) INSECTS - DAMSELFLIES Enallagmaminusculum Little Bluet SR Si? G3G4 C: lakes and ponds (Bladen+) Enallagmasulcatum Golden Bluet SR Si? G4 C: ? (Columbus+) Lestes congener Spotted Spreadwing SR Si? G5 M: ? (Alleghany+) INSECTS - FLIES Eulonchus marialiciae Mary Alice's Small-headed Fly SR - SIS3 G1G3 M: high elevation hardwood-hemlock forests (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood, Jackson, Macon*, Swain, Transylvania) INSECTS - MOTHS Acronicta albaryfa Barrens Daggermoth SR I- SH G3G4 P: oak glades and barrens Acronicta sinescripta a dagger moth SR . S1S3 C: savannas and flatwoods (Bnmswick+, Pender+) Agrotis sp I nr buchholzi a dart moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 SC: flatwoods with pyxie-moss (Bladen+, Brunswick, Craven+, Onslow+, Pender) Amphipyrinae new genus 2 sp 3 a canebrake moth SR - S2S3 G? C: woodland canebrakes Amphipyrinae new genus 4 sp I a canebrake moth SR - S2S3 G? C: woodland canebrakes Anacamptodes cypressaria an inchworm moth SR - SU G2G4 C: cypress swamps (Brunswick+, Dare, Martin+) Apamea inebriata Ianoctuid moth -SR - SIS2 G3G4 C: sedge meadows Apamea mixta an owlet moth SR - S2? GU C: savannas Apantesis sp. I nr. carlotta a tiger moth SR S2? - G4 C: savannas and sandhill seeps

FTHE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 50 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST 01 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Calosamiasecurifera Sweetbay Silkrnoth SR S2S3 G4 C: pocosins and other wetlands with sweetbay (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Hoke+, Washington+) Catocala amestris Three-staff Underwing SR - S1S2 G4 C: sand ridges and flatwoods with leadplant (New Hanover+) Catocala dulciola Sweet Underwing SR - SU G3 M: forests with hawthoms (Alleghany*) Catocalagrisatra Grisatra Unde rwing SR - S1S3 G2G3 C: sandhills and dry woods with hawthorns (Bladen+) Catocalaherodiasgerhardi Herodias Undi erwing SR - . SU G3T3 M: oak forests, particularly with bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia) (Stokes+) Catocalajair Jair Underwin S SR - SIS3 G4 SC: xeric pine-oak sandhills (New Hanover+, Richmond+) Catocalalincolnana Lincoln Undei SR - S2S3 G3 C: wooded areas with hawthorns (Brunswick+, Martin+, Pender+) Catocalalouiseae Louise's Unde rwing SR - - S1S 3 . G4 C: flatwoods and other habitats with blueberries (Bladen+) Catocalamarmorata Marbled Undeerwing SR - S1S3 G3G4 C: swamp forests with swamp cottonwood (Brunswick+, Martin+, New Hanover+) Catocalamessalina Messalina Unclerwing SR - S2? G4 T: maritime forests and xeric sandhills (Dare*, New Hanover+) Cermacora a bird-droppin g moth SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: levee forests with hawthorn (Martin+, New Hanover+) Chaetaglaeafergusoni a bird-droppin g mo th SR - SU G4 C: sandhills? (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Cyclophora sp I (culicariaof authors) Sand-myrtle Geometer SR S2S3 G3G4 C: flatwoods with sand-myrtle (Leiophvllum) (Brunswick+) Doryodes sp I a new owlet moth  : SR - S3? G3G4 C: brackish marshes (Brunswick+, Carteret+, New Hanover+, Onslow+) Drasteriagraphica Graphic Moth SR - S2S3 G4 T: maritime shrub thickets (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Dysgoniasimilis an owlet moth SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: pocosins and flatwoods (Brunswick+, Carteret+, Dare, Onslow+, Pender+, Washington+) Eubaphemeridiana The Little Beg gar SR S2S3 G4 C: savannas

NATURAL HER1TAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 51 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Euchlaenamilnei Milne's Euchlaena SR - SIS3 G2G4 M: unknown Eupitheciapeckorum an inchworm moth SR - S2? G? C: sandhills and flatwoods (Brunswick+, New Hanover+, Pender+) Euxoa violaris Violet Dart SR - S2S3 G4 C: beach dunes Exyra semicrocea a pitcher-plant moth SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: wetlands with pitcher-plants (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Gabarasp I- an owlet moth SR - SU GU C: savannas and flatwoods (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Gramnmiaphyllira Phyllira Tiger Moth SR 253 C: sandhills Grammuaplacentia Placentia Tiger Moth SR - S2S3 G4 SC: sandhills Heliomatainfidata Rare Spring Moth SR - S2S3 G2G4 MPC: unknown habitat Hemeroplanissp 1nr obliqualis an owlet moth SR - S2S3 G? CP: unknown habitat Hemipachnobiamonochromatea Sundew Cutworm Moth SR Si? G4 C: cranberry bogs and northern low pocosins (Dare) Hemipachnobiasubporphyrea Venus Flytrap Cutworm Moth SR FSC Si? GI C: savannas with Venus flytraps (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Carteret+, Pender) Hepialussciophanes a ghost moth SR - SIS3 GU M: spruce-fir forests Heterocampavaria a prominent moth SR - SH G3G4 SC: xeric pine-oak sandhills Hypagyrtis brendae Brenda's Hypagyrtis SR - S2S3 G4 C: Atlantic white cedar forests (Dare) Hypomecis buchholzaria Buchholz's Gray SR - SH G3G4 C: fire-maintained glades and barrens Itame subcessaria Barred Itame SR - S1S3 G4? M: high elevation forests with gooseberries Lagoapyxidifera Yellow Flannel Moth SR - S2S3 G? C: savannas, flatwoods, and sandhills (Brunswick+, Pender+) Lithophanegeorgii a pinion moth SR - Si? G5 M: spruce-fir forests (Yancey+) Lithophane laceyi a pinion moth SR - SIS3 G4? C: swamp forests (Brunswick+, New Hanover+, Pender+) Lithophane lemmeri Lemmer's Pinion SR - SIS3 . G3G4 CP: cedar glades and Atlantic white cedar forests (Craven, Wake+)

52 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Macrochilolouisiana Liouisiana Owlet Moth SR - S2S3 G4 C: grassy wetlands (Dare, New Hanover+, Onslow+, Pender+) Macrochilo sp I nr absorptalis i noctuid moth SR Sl5S2 G3 C: sedge meadows Meropleon cinnamicolor an owlet moth SR - S2S3 GU TC: coastal marshes (Carteret) Meropleondiversicolorsullivani an owlet moth SR - S1S3 G4TIT3 T: coastal marshes (Brunswick+, Craven+) Metarranthislateritiaria Ian inchworm moth SR - S1S3 G2G4 C: flatwoods and pocosins (Brunswick, Dare+, Onslow+, Pender) Metarranthissp I1 anew inchworm moth SR - S2S3 G3 C: pocosins (Brunswick+, Dare, New Hanover+, Washington+) Nematocampa baggetaria 3aggett's Nematocamnpa SR - SU G2G4 C: unknown habitat (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Nemoria tuscarora Iruscarora Emerald SR - S1S3 GU M: unknown habitat Papaipemaappassionata IPitcher-plant Borer Moth SR - S2? G4 C: wetlands with pitcher-plants Papaipemaduplicata I)ark Stoneroot Borer Moth SR - SH G2G4 M: rich woods with Collinsonia canadensis Papaipemaeryngii IRattlesnake-master Borer Moth SR - Si G1G2 C: savannas (Pender+) Phragmatiphilainterrogans aan owlet moth SR - S2? G3G4 C: canebrakes (Carteret+) Ptichodisbistrigata SSouthern Ptichodis SR - S2S3 G3 C: xeric sandhills (Bladen+, Brunswick+, New Hanover+, Onslow+) Pygarctiaabdominalis I(ellow-edged Pygarctia SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: flatwoods? (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Pyreferraceromatica JAnnointed Sallow Moth SR FSC S1S3 GU C: flatwoods and pocosins with Fothereilla? (Craven+) Schinia carolinensis CCarolina Schinia SR S2S3 G? C: savannas Schiniajaguarina aguar Flower Moth SR S1S3 G4 C: savannas and sandhills Schizura apicalis 'lain Schizura SR S1S3 G2G4 C: unknown habitat Schizura sp I a new prominent moth SR S1S3 G3G4 PC: unknown habitat (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Wake+) Semiothisafraserata FFraser Fir Geometrid Moth SR - SIS2 G2Q M: spruce-fir forests

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 53 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Spartiniphagacarterae Carter's Noctuid Moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 C: savannas and sandhills with pinebarrens sandreed (Calamovilfa brevipilis) (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Carteret*, Pender) Tornos cinctarius a gray SR S2? G? C: unknown habitat Trichosiliamanifesta an owlet moth SR S2S3 G4 C: sandhills (Brunswick+, New Hanover+, Onslow+, Pender+) Zale declarans an owlet moth SR S2S3 G5 T: maritime forests with live oak (Brunswick+, Carteret+, Dare+, New Hanover+) INSECTS - BUTIERFLIES Amblyscirtes alternata Dusky Roadside-Skipper SR S2 G3G4 SC: open pine woods, savannas; host plants - unknown, but presumably grasses (Brunswick, Cumberland, Jones+, Moore, New Hanover+, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Scotland) Amblyscirtes reversa Reversed Roadside-Skipper SR S3 G3G4 CSP: flatwoods, savannas, pocosin borders, near cane; host plant - cane (Arundinaria) (Beaufort, Bertie+, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Franklin, Gaston+, Hoke, Martin+, Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Scotland) Atrytone arogos arogos Arogos Skipper SR FSC Si G3G4TlT2 SC: savannas, open pinewoods, and other relatively undisturbed grasslands; host plants - grasses, mainly pinebarrens sandreed (Calamovilfa brevipilis) (Brunswick+, Carteret, Moore*, New Hanover+, Richmond+) Atrytonopsis loaummi Loammi Skipper SR FSC S1? G2G3 CT: grassy areas near the coast; host plants presumed to be Andopooon grasses (Brunswick, New Hanover+) Atrytonopsis sp 1 an undescribed skipper SR FSC S1 GI? T: dunes and sandy flats; host plant - seaside little bluestem (Schizachvrium littorale) (Carteret, Onslow)

54 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global. Autochton cellas Golden Band ed-Skipper SR - SIS2 G4 MPC: moist woods near streams; host plant - hog peanut (Amnhicarma bracteata) (Alleghany, Burke+, Caswell, Gaston+, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Madison+, Mitchell, Orange*, Pitt+, Polk+, Swain) Calephelisvirginiensis Little Metalm ark SR - S2 G4 C: savannas and pine flatwoods; host plant - vanilla-plant (Trilisa odoratissima) (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland+, Dare+, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Callophryshesseli Hessel's Hair itreak SR - S3 G3G4 SC: Atlantic white cedar swamps; host plant - white cedar (Chamaecvmaris thvoides) (Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Columbus, Cumberland*, Dare, Gates+, Hoke*, Moore, Pender, Richmond, Scotland, Tyrrell+, Washington+) Callophrysirus Frosted Elfin SR - S2 G3 SCPM: open woods and borders, usually in dry situations; host plants - lupines (Lupinus) and wild indigos (Bantisia) (Brunswick, Buncombe+, Cherokee+, Craven+, Cumberland+, Franklin, Gates+, Jones, Moore, Pender, Polk+, Richmond+, Scotland) Celastrinanigra Dusky Azure SR - S2? G4 M: rich, moist deciduous forests; host plant - goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus) (Buncomb-e+, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Mitchell, Polk, Swain*, Transylvania+) ChIosyne gorgone Gorgone Chec .kerspot SR Si? G5 M: woodland openings and borders; host plants - sunflowers, rosinweeds, and other tall composites (Clay, Macon) Erora laeta Early Hairstre ak SR - S2S3 G3G4 M: deciduous forests, especially along roads or edges at high elevations; host plants - mainly American beech (Fagus grandifolia) (Alleghany+, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe+, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain+, Transylvania+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF TIE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 5 55 Scientific Name Common Namne Status Rank

    .Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence)                       N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Erynnis mnart~ial                             M lottled Duskywing      SR             53  -G3G4 MPSC: upland woods and wooded edges; host plant - New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanu) (Alleghany, Brnmswick+, Buncombe+, Caswell, Craven+, Cumberland, Durham, Franklin, Gaston+, Granville, Henderson, Macon+i, Montgomery, Moore+i, Poilt Richmond+i, Rutherford, Surry, Wake+i, Warren, Yadkin)

Euchloe olympia 01lymnpia Marble SR Si G4G5 M: high elevation openings and glades; host plants - mainly cresses (Arabi) (Swain) Euphydryasphaeton B fltimore Checkerspot SR - 2 04 M: bogs, marshes, wet meadows; rarely in upland woods; host plants - turtlehead (Chelon)and false foxglove (Aureolani' (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe+, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Polk+i, Transylvania*, Watauga) Euphyes beriyi B ,rry's Skipper SR Si? G3G4 C: wet areas near ponds, canals, or marshes; host plant - not known, but probably sedges (Carteret, Craven, Dare, Hyde) Euphyes bimacida T w'o-spotted Skipper SR S2 G4 CSP: marshes, wet savannas, sedgy areas near wet woods; host plants - sedges (Carex) (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Gates+i, Harnett, Johnston, Jones+, Moore+i, Pender, Vance) Euphyes dukesi dukesi Dakes' Skipper SR SIS2 G3T3 CT: ecotones of brackish or fresh marshes with swamps; host plants - sedges (Carex) (Beaufort, Brunswick, Craven+, Currituck) Fixseni~afavoniusfavonius SC)uthern Oak Hairstreak SR S1? G4T4 T: maritime forests along southern coast; host plant - oaks, especially live oak (Quercus virginiana) (Brnmswick-i) Fixseniafavoniusontario N Drthern Oak Hairsfteak SR S3? G4T4 MPSCT: oak-dominated woods, usually in dry sites; host plants - oaks (Ouercus (Alleghany, Brunswick, Camden+i, Carteret-i, Caswell, Cleveland, Cumberland+i, Cunrituck+i, Dare*, Hoke, Hyde+, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Orange, Pender+, Richmond, Wilkes)

56 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Hesperiaatalusslossonae Dotted Skipper SR - S2S3 G3G4T3 SC: pine/oak sandhills, flatwoods, mainly in Sandhills; host plants - grasses (Brunswick+, Craven+, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore+, Pender* Richmond, Scotland) Hesperiameskei Meske's Skipper SR - S3 G2G4 SC: open pine woods, especially in Sandhills; host plants - grasses (Bladen, Cumberland*, Hoke, Moore Onslow+, Richmond, Scotland) Megathymus cofaqui cofaqui Cofaqui Giant-Skipper SR S1? G3G4T3 P: monadnocks with yucca; host planat

     -- Yucca filamentosa (Alexander, Polk*)

Neonympha mitchelliifrancisci Saint Francis' Satyr SR E S GIG2TI S: boggy areas, overgrown beaver (full species = Mitchell's Satyr) ponds, and pocosin margins with sedges in sandhills; host plants - sedges (taxon endemic to North Carolina) (Cumberland, Hoke) Papiliocresphontes Giant Swallowtail SR S2 . G5 TCPM: primarily coastal in maritime forests or thickets; host plants - prickly ash (Zanthoxylum), hoptree (Ptelea) (Alexander, Ashe, Brunswicl Carteret, Cherokee+, Currituck+, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Orange*, Wake+) Phyciodes batesii maconensis Tawny Crescent SR FSC S2 G4TIT3 M: rocky ridges, woodland openings, at higher elevations; host plants - asters, mainly Aster undulatus (Buncombe*, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain) Phyciodes cocyta Northern Crescent SR - SU G5 M: rocky areas (in Appalachians), bui habitat poorly known; host plants - asters (Buncombe+) Phyciodes texana seminole Seminole Texan Crescent SR - S1? G5T3T4 C: river floodplains; host plants - Acanthaceae (Brunswick, Columbus) Poanesaaroniaaroni Aaron's Skipper SR - S1S2 G4T4 T: brackish marshes along northern coast and sounds; host plants - grasses, perhaps saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) (Cunrituck+, Dare, Hyde) Polygoniafaunus smythi Smyth's Green Comma - SR - S2 G5T3T4 M: spruce, fir, or hemlock forests, where mixed with hardwoods; host plants - mainly birches (Avery*, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Henderson+, Macon, Swain+, Transylvania*, Watauga+, Yancey)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 57, Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Polygoniaprogne Gray Comma SR - S1 G5 M: rich deciduous forests; host plants

      -- mainly gooseberries (Ribes), but also on wild azalea (Rhododendron.

nudiflorum) (Avery, Buncombe, Clay, Madison+, Mitchell+, Swain+) Problema bulenta Rare Skipper SR FSC Si G2G3 T: fresh to brackish marshes with tall grasses in Wilmington area; host plant

     -wild rice (Zizania aquatica),

probably other tall grasses (Brunswick, New Hanover) Pyrgus wyandot Appalachian Checkered-Skipper SR FSC SH G2 M: openings and edges in wooded hilltops; host plants - Rosaceae, such as cinquefoil (Potentilla) (Polk*, Transylvania*) Satyrium caryaevorum Hickory Hairstreak SR -- Si? G4 M: mid- to high elevation deciduous forests; host plants - hickories (Qjy) (Buncombe, Macon+, McDowell, Watauga) Satyrium edwardsii Edwards' Hairstreak SR - S2? G4 SM: scrubby or xeric oak woods; host plants - oaks (Ouercus) (Cumberland, Hoke*, Macon, Moore, Polk+, Sampson, Scotland, Transylvania*, Watauga+) Saiyrium kingi King's Hairstreak SR - S2S3 G3G4 SCPM: forests, often moist, usually near sweetleaf; host plant - sweetleaf (Svmnlocos) (Brunswick, Carteret+, Craven, Cumberland, Dare*, Gaston, Hoke; Moore, Onslow+, Pender+, Richmond, Scotland, Transylvania+) Speyeria aphroditecuilasaja Cullasaja Aphrodite Fritillary SR - Si? G5Ti M: forest openings and edges west of the Little Tennessee River, host plants

     - violets (Viola) (Clay, Macon+)

Speyeria idalia Regal Fritillary SR FSC SH G3 M: wet or dry meadows, bogs, open hilltops; host plants - violets (Viola) (Alleghany*, Ashe*, Avery, Wilkes*)

                                      -INSECIS - GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIIDS Eotettix pusillus                             Little Eastern Grasshopper     SR      -    S2?  G2G3 C: sandhills (wet swales?)

Melanoplus angustipennisimpiger Narrow-winged Melanoplus SR - SIS3 GST? C: sandhills Melanoplus attenuatus Slender-bodied Melanoplus SR - SIS3 G2G3 C: wet swales in pinewoods

58 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. - U.S. N.C. Global Melanoplus cherokee Cherokee Melanoplus SR - SIS3 GIG3 M: woodlands, 1800' - 5100' Melanoplus decorus Decorated Spur-throat Grasshoppe r SR S2S3 G3G4 C: savannas, flatwoods, low pocosins (Dare) Melanoplus divergens Divergent Melanoplus SR S1S3 G2G3 M: glades and balds, 1800' - 4717' Melanoplus mirus a short-winged melanoplus SR S2S3 G2G3 .. PC: open woodlands Melanoplus nigrescens Black-sided Spur-throat GrasshoppFper SR SIS3 GU CT: pinewoods and maritime forests Melanoplus nubilus a short-winged melanoplus SR S2S3 G2G3 C: flatwoods, savannas, sandhills Melanoplus serndatus Serrulate Melanoplus SR S1S3 G1G3 M: valleys and lower slopes, Nantahala Mountains Melanoplus viridipeseurycerus Green-legged Melanoplus SR SIS3 G4T4 M: woodlands and forest edges Montezumina modesta Montezuma Katydid SR SU GU C: pinewoods and other habitats Scudderiaseptentrionalis Northern Bush Katydid SR SH G3? M: forests Stethophyma celatum Broad-winged Sedge Grasshopper SR S1S2 G4 C: bogs, wet tallgrass prairies (Pender) Trimerotropissaxatilis Rock-loving Grasshopper SR S1S2 G3? M: lichen-covered rock outcrops (Transylvania) INSECTS - BEETLES Cicindelalepida Little White Tiger Beetle SR Si? G4 T: sand dunes along northern coast Cicindelapatruela  : a tiger beetle SR S2? G3 no location data; sandy soil in open pine or pine oak woods Lordithon niger Black Lordithon Rove Beetle SR SH GU no location data Nicrophorusamericanus American Burying Beetle SR E SH G2G3 M: sites with abundance of small vertebrate carrion Stenelmis gammoni Gammon's Stenelmis Riffle Beetle SR FSC. Si GIG3 M: South Fork New River (Ashe*) INSECIS - TRUE BUGS Chlorochroadismalia Dismal Swamp Green Stink Bug SR Si? GU C: swamps, bottomlands, flatwoods (Craven, Harnett*, Hyde*, Onslow*)

59 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST The North CarolinaAnimal Watch List includes animals that are rare or uncommon, are not well-studied, or are otherwise threatened with serious decline, but that are not placed on the List of Rare Animals of. North Carolina by the NC NBP. Watch List species are additional indicators of significant habitats, and their presence should be considered in planning natural area protection efforts, though obviously with less weight than higher priority rare species and natural communities. The NC NHP maintains paper files on these species, but does not include them in its map-and computer files. Animals placed on this list fall into a number of categories, as discussed below. The NC NHP requests additional information about these species in order to clarify their status and reclassify them into other appropriate and more specific categories. Reasons for the current placement of species on the Watch List rather than at a higher rarity status (Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, Significantly Rare) are varied. For many of them, the Natural Heritage Program lacks adequate documentation of their historic or present occurrence in North Carolina; this is especially true for invertebrates. Others are known to be rare or uncommon in North Carolina, but may or may not be declining. Some others may not be necessarily rare as yet, but they are undergoing significant losses of their habitat, such as animals of the spruce-fir forest, or are undergoing significant disturbances to their habitat, such as human disturbances to beach-nesting birds. The following five Watch Categories have been devised to indicate the reasons for each species' current placement(s). These categories and the descriptions of them have been developed by the NC NiP. A number of species have been placed in two Watch Categories, because it is believed they may be "in trouble" for at least two reasons. For example, the Red-breasted Nuthatch has a rather small breeding population in the state, in the higher elevations of the mountains, giving it a W2 status. However, as a portion of the breeding population occurs in the spruce-fir zone, which is undergoing degradation of the canopy, it is also given a W5 status, as well. Watch Cateaorv 1 (WI) includes species that are known to be declining in North Carolina, for one reason or another. The distribution or population sizes of such species in the state are fairly well known; loss of habitat is not necessarily a factor. A large number of species are known to be declining in the state, such as Neotropical migrant birds, but the species in this category must have an N.C. Rank of S3S4 or higher (S3, S2, S1, etc.). Examples: American Black Duck, Slender Glass Lizard. Watch CateZorv 2 (W2) includes species that are rare to uncommon in North Carolina, but are not necessarily considered to be declining or otherwise in trouble. Generally speaking, the distribution or population sizes of such species in the state are fairly well known. Examples: Baltimore Oriole, Coal Skink Spotted Sunfish.

60 Watch Categorv 3 (W3) includes species that are poorly known in North Carolina, but are not necessarily considered to be declining or otherwise in trouble. The distribution and population sizes of such species are not well known; this is especially true for a large number of invertebrates, as well as secretive or nocturnal vertebrates. Examples: Striped Mud Turtle, Sandhills Salamander, Regal Darner. Watch Category 4 (W4) includes species reported from North Carolina without adequate documentation. These species should be listed at a higher level, if their reported occurrence in North Carolina is true. This category includes sight records of uncertain validity, old and vague reports for which no documentation has appeared, and, in a few cases, more recent reports for which we have not yet received documentation. Example: Cumberland Crayfish Ostracod. Watch Category 5 (W5) includes species with increasing amounts of threats to its habitat, whether or not populations are known to be declining. These threats can include loss of habitat (e.g., the dramatic loss of maritime forests), degradation of habitat (e.g., pollution and sedimentation of rivers and streams), and disturbance to the habitat (e.g., humans and their vehicles on beaches), among other types of threats. Threats can also include use of pesticides, acid rain, fire suppression, over-collection by zoologists, and varied other factors. Examples: American Kestrel, Georgia Satyr.

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 61 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations -N.C. U.S. N.C. Global WATCH LIST CODES W1 = species known to be declining in the state; may need listing in upcoming years W2 = species rare to uncommon, but probably not in trouble W3 = species that is poorly known; perhaps needs listing in upcoming years W4 = species reported from the state without adequate documentation W5 = species with increasing amount of threats to its habitat, whether populations are known to be declining or not SC = Special Concern (see Page 3). Though still on the State Protected List, biologists consider the species to no longer need tracking by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program MA NSS . Cercascanadensis Elk SC - Si G5 M: high elevation meadows, grass balds (released in Great Smoky Mountains NP) Lasiurus seminolus Seminole Bat W2 - S3S4B,SZN G5 CP: forages over open areas, often over water (summer) Mustelafrenata Long-tailed Weasel W3 - S3S4 G5 MPC: forests, brushy areas Sorex hoyi winnemana Southern Pygmy Shrew W2 - S3 G5T4 MC: montane deciduous forests; old fields and forests in northeastern Coastal Plain Spilogaleputorius Eastern Spotted Skunk W2 - S3 G5 M: open forests with rocks, cliffs, and other den sites Synaptomys cooperi stonei Southern Bog Lemming W2 - S3 G5T? M: bogs and wet meadows Zapus hudsonius Meadow Jumping Mouse W2 - S3 G5 MP: open moist fields and brushy places, usually near water BIRDS Only the breeding season populations are of concern; provinces and habitats are for these populations only. Accipiter cooperii Coopers Hawk SC - S3S4B,S4N G5 MPSC: forests and woodlands Accipitergentilis 1Northern Goshawk W3 - SUB,SZN G5 M: extensive, remote forests, mainly at high elevations Ammodramus caudacutus ;altmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow W3 - - SUB,S4N G4 T: tidal marshes Ammodramus savannarum CGrasshopper Sparrow Wl,W5 - - S3B,SlN 05 PSCM: pastures and other grasslands Anas discors E3lue-winged Teal W2 - SHB,S2N G5 TC: fresh to slightly brackish marshes, usually at impoundments

62 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Anas rubripes . American Black Duck WI - S3B,S4N G5 TC: fresh or brackish marshes, often at impoundments Asioflammeus Short-eared Owl W3 - SUB,S3N G5 TC: coastal marshes Asio otus Long-eared Owl W3 - SUB,SZN G5 M: high elevation forests in northern mountains Carduelispinus Pine Siskin W3 - SUB,S4N G5 M: spruce-fir forests Coragyps atratus Black Vulture SC - S3S4 G5 MPSC: forested areas for nesting; forests or open country for foraging Corvus corax Common Raven W2 - S3 G5 MP: cliffs for nesting; forests or fields (mainly at high elevations) for foraging Dendroicacoronata Yellow-rumped Warbler W3 - SUB,S5N G5 M: spruce-fir forests, especially in immature stands Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink W3,W5 SUB,SZN G5 M: meadows and other grasslands Elanoidesforficatus Swallow-tailed Kite W3 FSC SUB,SZN G5 C: extensive swamps and bottomlands, [the subspecies E. f forficatus often forages over nearby fields or (American Swallow-tailed Kite) marshes is FSC, not the entire species] Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher W2 - S3B,SZN G5 M: open hardwood forests, groves, streamside trees Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher W2 - S3B,SZN G5 MP: wet thickets in open country, often along streams in broad valleys Eudocimus albus White Ibis W2 - S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands Falcosparverius American Kestrel W1,W5 - S3B,S5N G5 MPSC: open country; nests in cavities, even in buildings or poles in cities Helmitheros vermivorus pop I Worm-eating Warbler - Coastal Plain W5 - S3B,SZN G5T? C: nonriverine wet hardwoods, population pocosins Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole W2 - S3B,S3N G5 MP: hardwood groves or streamside trees, in open country Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern W3 - S3B,SZN G5 TCSP: fresh or brackish marshes Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's Warbler W2,W5 - S3B,SZN G4 CSMP: forests with dense understory, often with cane in Coastal Plain and rhododendron in mountains Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser W3 - SlB,S4N G5 PMC: lakes and ponds, with dead trees for nesting

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 63 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank

   - Province: Habitat/Locations                                          N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Nyctanassa violacea                            Yellow-cr rwned Night-Heron W2,W3  -        S3B,SZN  G5 TCP: swamps; woods or thickets on maritime islands Pheucticus ludovicianus                        Rose-breas ;ted Grosbeak    WI     -        S3B,SZN  G5 M: hardwood forests at mid- to high elevations Rallus elegans                                 King Rail                   Wl,W3  -        S3B,S3N  G4G5 TCPS: fresh to slightly brackish marshes Regulus satrapa                                Golden-e iwned Kinglet      W2     -      S3S4B,S5N G5 M: spruce-fir forests; hardwood forests mixed with spruce or hemlock Sita canadensis                                Red-breast ed Nuthatch      W2,W5  -        S3B,S4N  G5 M: high-elevation coniferous forests, preferably spruce-fir Spiza americana                                Dickcissel                  W3,W5  -        S2B,SZN  G5 PC: fallow fields and pastures with tall forbs Sternaforsteri                                 Forster's Tern              W2     -        S3BS5N   G5 T: salt or brackish marshes, nesting on wrack material or matted grasses Sternafuscata                                  Sooty Tern                  W2     -        SUBS3N   G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands; forages over open ocean Sterna sandvicensis                            Sandwich Tern               W2,W5  -        S3B,SZN  G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands Tachycineta bicolor                            Tree Swallow                W2     -       S2S3B,S4N G5 MPC: cavities near ponds or other open water Troglodytes troglodytes                        Winter Wren                 W2,W5  -        S3B,S5N  G5 M: cool, moist forests at mid- to high elevations Tyto alba                                      Barn Owl                    W2,W3  -        S3B,S3N  G5 MPSCT: extensive open country, nesting in old buildings, silos, large tree cavities REPTILES Apalone spiniferaaspera                        Gulf Coast Spiny Softshell  W2              S3       G5T5 PC: large streams, ponds, and lakes with sandy bottoms Cemophora coccinea                             Scarlet Snake               Wl,W5  -        S3       G5 CSPM: sandhills, sandy woods, and other dry woods Clemmys gottata                                Spotted Turtle              WI          -   S3       G5 CTSP: shallow water of pools, marshes, wet pastures and other smaller wetlands Eumeces anthracinus                            Coal Skink                  W2     -        S3       G5 M: rocky slopes, wooded hillsides, roadbanks

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCHIUST 64 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Faranciaerytrogramma Rainbow Snake WI - S3 G5 CS: swamps, lakes, rivers, and other sluggish water Kinosternon baurii Striped Mud Turtle W3 - S3? G5 C: various shallow wet places; ponds, pools, ditches Lampropeltis triangulumelapsoides Scarlet Kingsnake Wl,W5 - S3 G5T5 CSPM: pine flatwoods, mesic pine-hardwood forests Lampropeltis triangulurntriangulum Eastern Milk Snake W3 - S2S3 G5T5 MP: wooded slopes, pastures, meadows, especially in rocky areas Ophisaurusattenuatus Slender Glass Lizard WI - S3 G5 CPSM: old fields, wooded edges, open woods Rhadinaeaflavilata Pine Woods Snake W2 S3 G4 C: pine flatwoods and other damp woodlands Virginia valeriae Smooth Earth Snake W2 S3 G5 CSPM: deciduous or mixed woods, usually in mesic soils AMPNIBIANS Desmognathus imitator Imitator Salamander W2 S3 G3 M: cool, moist high elevation hardwood or spruce-fir forests; nearly confined to Great Smoky Mountains National Park Eurycea sp 1 Sandhills Salamander W3 - S3? G3?Q C: small streams in the Sandhills Hyla andersoni] Pine Barrens Treefrog W2 - S3S4 G4 SC: pocosins, bay forests, boggy areas Plethodon meridianus South Mountain Gray-cheeked W2 - S3S4 GIG2 P: mesic forests of the South Salamander [G3G4] Mountains (endemic to this area) Plethodon richmondi Southern Ravine Salamander W2 - S3 G5 M: moist, high-elevation forests, usually on slopes; northern mountains Pseudacrisbrimleyi Brimley's Chorus Frog WI - S3S4 G5 C: swamps, marshes, and other wetlands Siren lacertina Greater Siren W3 - S3? G5 CS: lakes, ponds, and streams, especially where muddy or with weedy vegetation Stereochilus marginatus Many-lined Salamander W3 - S3? G5 CS: swamps, shallow wooded ponds in savannas

11 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 65 Scientific Name Common Name ' Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global FRESHWATER FISHES Ameiurus brunneus Snail Bullhead WI S3 G4 PCMS: many drainages Ameiurus platycephalus Flat Bullhead WI S4 G5 PCMS: many drainages Cyprinellalabrosa Thicklip Chub W2 S3 G4 P: Yadkin, Catawba, and Broad drainages Cyprinella spiloptera Spotfin Shiner W2 S2S3 G5 M: primarily New and French Broad drainages Enneacanthuschaetodon Blackbanded Sunfish WI S3 G4 CS: many drainages, particularly Lumber and Waccamaw Etheostoma thalassinum Seagreen Darter W5 S3 G4 MP: Santee River drainage Etheostoma zonale Banded Darter WS S3 G5 M: small to medium mountain streams Lepomis punctatus Spotted Sunfish W2 S3 G5 C: most drainages in southern Coastal Plain Lythrurus matutinus Pinewoods Shiner W2 FSC S3S4 G3 CP: Tar and Neuse drainages [G3G4] (endemic to North Carolina) Moxostoma carinatum River Redhorse W2 S2 G4 M: French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee drainages Nocomis platyrhynchus Bigmouth Chub W2 S2 G4Q M: New drainage Nocomis raneyi Bull Chub WI S3 G4 PC: Atlantic slope drainages Notropis chalybaeus Ironcolor Shiner W5 S3? G4 C: Coastal Plain rivers and creeks Notropis maculatus Taillight Shiner W2 - S2 G5 C: southern Coastal Plain drainages Notropis scabriceps New River Shiner W2 - S3 G4 M: New drainage Notropis volucellus Mimic Shiner W2,W3 - S3 G5 MPC: scattered drainages in mountains and near Fall Line Percina aurantiaca Tangerine Darter W2 - S3 G4 M: Tennessee drainages Percinagymnocephala Appalachia Darter W2 - S3 G4 M: New drainage Phenacobiuscrassilabrur Fatlips Minnow W2 - S3 G3G4 M: Little Tennessee, French Broad, and Toe drainages

66 NORTH CAROUNA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER BIVALVES Elliptio cistellaeformis Box Spike W3,W5 -  : SU G4Q C: Neuse, Lumber, Pee Dee drainages; Lake Waccamaw Ellipdo congaraea Carolina Slabshell W2,W5 - S3 G4 C: drainages north to the White Oak drainage Elliptioproducta Atlantic Spike W3,W5 - SU G4Q C: Lake Waccamaw, and perhaps elsewhere; very difficult to identify Elliptio raveneli Carolina Spike W3,Wq - SU GU PC: most rivers in southern part of state; taxonomic problems Elliptiosp 2 File Spike W3 - SU GUQ C: lakes and rivers in southeastern part of state Lampsilissp 3 a bivalve W3 Si? GU no locality data MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER GASTROPODS Gyraulusdeftectus Flexed Gyro W3 S2? G5 C: eastern Coastal Plain Promenetus exacuous Sharp Sprite W3 - S2? G5 C: mainly Chowan and Pasquotank basins MOLLUSKS - TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS Stenotremapiida Pygmy Slitmouth W3 SU G3G4 no locality data ARACHNIDS Nesticus bishopi a nesticid spider W3 - S3? G3? M: on ground in forests (endemic to North Carolina) Nesticus gertschi a nesticid spider W4 - Si?, G1? M: caves; Bat Cave, NC, and in Tennessee Nesticus nasicus a nesticid spider W3 - S3? G3? M: boulderfields and cove forests (apparently endemic to Jackson

    'County, NC)

Nesticus reclusus a nesticid spider W3 - S3? - G3? M: on ground in forests (apparently in Buncombe, McDowell, and Swain counties, NC, and in Tennessee)

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 67 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Nesticus sp 2 a nesticid spider W3 - S1S3 G1G3 M: on ground in forests (only known from Clay County, NC) Vaejovis carolinians Carolina Scorpion W2,W3 - S2? 05 MP: under shelter of rocks, leaves, and buildings, along southern border of state CRUSTACEANS Cambants carolinus Red Burrowing Crayfish W3 - S2 G4 M: Little Tennessee and Hiwassee [G3G4] drainage Cambaruschasmodactylus New River Crayfish W5 - S3 G4 M: rivers and large streams in New * [G4G5] River drainage Cambarushiwasseensis Hiwassee Crayfish W2 - S3S4 G3G4 M: streams in Hiwassee drainage [G4] Cambarussp A (cf C. howardi) a crayfish from western NC W3 - S2S3 GU MP: many drainages in mountains and [G4] upper Piedmont Canthocamptusvagus Swamp Canthocamptus W2,W3 - S3? G? CP: in benthos of lakes and ponds within swampy environments Cytheridellailosvayi Backwater Ostracod W3 S2? C: quiet backwaters associated with large coastal rivers Dactylocythere chelomata Cherokee Crayfish Ostracod W2,W3 S2? G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in streams and rivers in southwestern mountains Dactylocytherepeedeensis Pee Dee Crayfish Ostracod W3 S2? P: symbiotic on crayfish in Pee Dee drainage (endemic to North Carolina, but likely occurs in South Carolina) Dactylocythere suanae Hiwassee Crayfish Ostracod W2,W3 - S2? G3G4 M: symbiotic on crayfish in Hiwassee and Nolichucky drainages Harpagocytherebaileyi Highlands Crayfish Ostracod W3 S2? G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in Little Tennessee and Savannah drainages (endemic to North Carolina, but likely occurs in SC and GA) Hesperodiaptomusaugustaensis Augusta Hesperodiaptomus W3 - SH G? P: ephemeral ponds, such as floodplain pools; near Chapel Hill Lordocytherepetersi Cumberland Crayfish Ostracod W4 SR G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in the Hiwassee drainage (record based on a sketch only) Orconectes cristavarius a crayfish W3 S3 G5 M: New drainage Procambarusancylus Edisto Crayfish W2 - S3 G4G5 C: ditches, streams, and lakes in [G4] southeastern corner of the state

68 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. . U.S. N.C. Global Procambarusblandingii Santee Crayfish W3 - S3S4 G4 C: Lumber and Waccamaw drainages [G4G5] Procambarusrmedialis Tar River Crayfish W3 S2 G3 C: sluggish streams and ditches in Tar [G21 and Neuse drainages (endemic to North Carolina) Procambaruspearsei Sandhills Crayfish W2 - S4 G4 C: still-water habitats and burrows in Cape Fear and Pee Dee drainages Stygobromus sp I Plott Balsam Sideswimmer W3 - Si? G? M: seep below Jones Knob (endemic to North Carolina) INSECTS - MAYFLIES Ameletus cryptostimulus a mayfly W5 S2 04 M: small mountain streams Anthopotamus myops a mayfly W3 S3 05 M: First Broad River (Cleveland) Anthopotamus verticis Walker's Tuslced Sprawler W3 S3 G5 P: recorded in Yadkin River (Caldwell) and Flat River (Person) but probably is more widespread Baetisca lacustris a mayfly W4 S3? G5 M: Wilson Creek (Caldwell) Centroptilwn sp nov a mayfly W4 S1? G? M: Little Ivy Creek (Madison) Drunellawalkeripop I a mayfly W5 S1? G5 P: disjunct population in Sandy/Swift Creek (Nash) Ephemerella argo Argo Epheme erellan Mayfly -W3 S2S3 G4 0 SC: Lower Little River (Hoke), Naked Creek (Richmond), Drowning Creek (Richmond). Lumber River (Robeson, Scotland); needs more sampling in the spring (Bertie, Halifax, Martin, Moore, Northampton, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland) Ephemerella crenula Smoky Moun tains Ephemerellan W3 - SR G3 no locality data Mayfly Ephemerella hispida a mayfly W5 - S1S2 G5 M: recorded from four streams in Alleghany and Haywood counties Eurylophella enoensis armayfly W5 - S3 04 CMP: wide-ranging but infrequently collected Eurylophella minimella a mayfly W2 - S3 G4 CMP: a widespread species, but rare in North Carolina Heterocloeonsp nov a mayfly W4 - S2 G? no locality data Leptophlebiabradleyi a mayfly W5 - S2 G5

   - no locality data

NORTH CAROLINA ANIUAL WATCH LIST 69 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Leptophlebiajohnsoni Johnson's Pronggill Mayfly W2 S2 G4 no locality data Nixe sp nr inconspicua a mayfly W5 Si G5 M: very rare, collected from upper Johns River, upper Wilson Creek, and Harper Creek Paracloeodesfleela a mayfly W3 S3 G? no locality data Plauditusgloveri a mayfly W3 S2 G2 no locality data Pseudironcentralis White Saiid-river Mayfly W2 - - S2S3 G5 P: no locality data (Iredell) Pseudocentroptiloidesusa a mayfly W3 S2 G2 no locality data Rhithrogenauhari a mayfly  : W5 - S3 03 no locality data Siphloplecton specioswn a mayfly W5 - S2 03 PS: Lumber River Stenonema lenati a mayfly W5 - S3 G3 often in vulnerable habitats; no locality data Stenonema sp nov a mayfly - W2 - G? M: upper Wilson Creek and lower Linville River (Caldwell, Burke) Tricorythodes robacki a mayfly W3 - S3 G3 P: Uwharrie River and other sites (Chatham, Johnston*, Montgomery) INSECIS - STONEFLIES Acroneuria evoluta a stonefly W5 - S2 G5 P: central slate belt streams (Randolph, Chatham, Stanly, Montgomery, Moore) Acroneuria lycorias a stonefly W3 - SU G5 C: Barbecue Swamp (Harnett) Acroneuria mela a stonefly W5 S3 G? C: Cape Pear, Neuse, Lumber, Black, South, and Waccamaw rivers Acroneuriaperplexa a perlid stonefly W4 - S2 G4 M: Panthertown Creek, Left Prong Stony Fork (Jackson, Wilkes) Agnetina annulipes a stonefly W3 S3S4 G5 CMP: recorded from nine streams and rivers from the mountains to the Coastal Plain Agnetinaflavescens a stonefly W3 S3S4 G5 PM: recorded from nine streams and rivers, primarily in the mountains but also from Mayo River Alloperla lenah a stonefly W5 S1 G? SC: Lumber River at Wagram and Upper Rockfish Creek

70 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Diploperlamorgani a.,stonefly W3 S3 G2 PM: Ashe, Burke, Caldwell, Clay, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Surry, Swain Helopicus bogaloosa a sstonefly W3 S3 G3 PC: known from eleven streams and rivers in Piedmont, Sandhills, and Inner Coastal Plain Hydroperlaphormidia a.sstonefly W4 -: S2 G3 PSC: Lumber River and Pee Dee River Isogenoides varians a stonefly W2 - S2 G3 P: Yadkin River (Davie) Isoperla burksi a sspring stonefly W4 S2 G4 P: slate belt streams (Orange, Durham, Chatham) Isoperla sp nov I a stonefly W4 S2? G? S: Little Crane Creek (Moore) Isoperla sp nov 2 a stonefly W5 S2 G? S: upper Lumber River, Naked Creek (Hoke, Moore, Richmond) Oemopteryx contorta a stonefly W3 SU G4 C: Recent record from Suck Creek (Moore) Paragnetinasp nov? a stonefly W4 - S1? G? M: Wilson Creek (Caldwell) Perlestaputtnami a stonefly W4 - S2? G? no locality data Pteronarcysbiloba a stonefly W3 - S3 G5 M: streams in Cherokee and Madison counties Shipsa rotunda a stonefly W3 - S2S3 G5 CPM: known from-twelve streams in mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain Viehoperla ada a stonefly W3 - Si? G3 no locality data Yugus arinus a stonefly W3 - S3 G3 no locality data INSECTS - CADDISFLIES Agapetus hessi a glossosomatid caddisfly W5 - S2 G? P: Swift Creek (Nash) Agapetus pinatus a caddisfly W3 - S3 G? M: mountain streams (Transylvania, Haywood, Graham, Cherokee) Agapetus tomus a caddisfly W5 - 52 G? M: mountain streams (Cherokee) Ceracleacama a caddisfly W5 - S1 G? C: Lake Waccamaw Ceracleasp nov 3 Morman's Ceraclea Caddisfly W5 - Si G? M: Panthertown Creek (Jackson)

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 71 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Ceracleasp nov 4 a caddisfly Ws - S2 G? C: streams in Columbus County Ceracleatarsipunctata a caddisfly W3 -  : S3 G? P: Cane Creek, Yadkin River, Long Creek Ceratopsycheventura a caddisfly W5 - S3 G? no locality data Ceratopsychewalkeri a caddisfly W4 - Si? G? M: Beech Creek (Watauga) Culoptilathoracica a caddisfly W2 - S4? G? no locality data Goerita betteni a caddisfly W4 M: cold spring runs in mountainous areas Goerita semata a caddisfly W4 M: cold spring runs in mountainous areas Helicopsycheparalimnella a caddisfly W3 S2 G? M: Fires Creek (Clay), Bearwallow Creek (Transylvania) (confined to southwestern mountains in NC) Homnoplectraflinti a caddisfly W4 S2 G? M: streams in Haywood and Macon counties Hydroptilacoweetensis a caddisfly W4 Si G? M: Coweeta Creek (Macon) Hydroptilalloganae Llogan's Vari-colored Microcaddisfly W4 - S2 G1G3 S: Lumber River Mayatrichiaayama a caddisfly W5 - S2 G? no locality data Molanna uniophila a caddisfly W3 - S3 G? C: found in larger rivers and lakes from Chowan River (Hertford) to Drowning Creek (Richmond) and Lake Waccamaw (Columbus) Nectopsyche sp nov a caddisfly W5 - Si G? C: Lake Waccamaw Neophylaxfuscus a caddisfly W3 - S3 G? MP: Johns River (Caldwell), South Fork New River (Ashe), North Fork New River (Ashe), New River (Alleghany), Alleghany Creek (Alleghany), Swift Creek (Nash), Little Fishing Creek (Halifax) Neotrichiasp a caddisfly W5 - S2 G? no locality data Oecetis morsei Morse's Long-horn Sedge W3 - S3 G2 S: uknown locality Oecetis porteri Porter's Long-horn Sedge W5 - S3 GH C: White Lake and Lake Waccamaw Oecetis sp B a caddisfly W5 - Si G? C: Lake Mattamuskeet and Perquimans River Oecetis sp D a caddisfly W5 - : Si G? C: Lake Waccamaw

72 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name - Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Oecetis sp E I a caddisfly W5 - S2 G? SC: bay lakes and swamp streams Oecetis sp F a caddisfly I W5 - S3 G? C: unknown locality Oropsyche howellae a caddisfly W4 - S2 G? M: streams in Haywood, Jackson, and Macon counties Pseudogoerasingularis a caddisfly W5 - St G? M: Coweeta Creek, and seep near upper Wilson Creek (Caldwell) Psilotretaamera a caddisfly W5 - S2 G? M: mountain streams (Haywood, Macon, Swain) Psilotretarossi a caddisfly W5 - S2 G? M: seeps and springs (Macon, Transylvania) Psilotretarufa a caddisfly W2 - S3? G? M: mountain streams (Macon, Transylvania) Rhyacophila accola a caddisfly - W5 - 1 G? M: mountain streams Rhyacophila appalachia a rhyacophila in caddisfly W5 - S2 G3 M: mountain streams Rhyacophila montana - a caddisfly W5 - S2? - G? M: high elevation seeps (Swain) Setodes arenatus a caddisfly W5 - S2 G? C: Lumber River Setodes stehri a caddisfly W5 - S3 G? M: unknown locality Triaenodes melacus a caddisfly W3 - S3? G? no locality data Triaenodessp nov C a caddisfly W5 - Si G? S: bays in Scotland County Triaenodessp nov D a caddisfly W5 - Si? G? . C: Lake Waccamnaw Wormaldia thyria a caddisfly W3 - S3 G3?

     -Z: Reported from NC, but without occurrence data INSECTS - DRAGONFLIES Aphylla williamsoni                        Two-striped Forceptail      W3       -      S3?   . G5 C: lakes and rivers Arigomphus pallidus                        Gray-green Clubtail         W3      -       Sl?     G5 C: ponds, lakes, and streams Arigomphus villosipes                      Unicorn Clubtail            W3      -       S3?     05 MPC: ponds, lakes, slow-flowing streams Boyeria grafiana                          .Ocellated Darner            W3      -       S3?     G5 M: rocky forest streams Cordulegastererronea                       Tiger Spiketail             W2      -       S3?     G4 MP: small forested streams Coryphaeschnaingens                        Regal Darner                W3      -       S3?     G5 C: lakes and ponds

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 73 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. ' U.S. N.C. Global Dromogomphus armatus Southeastern Spinyleg W3 - S3? 04 C: pools in slow-flowing river Epitheca spinosa Robust Baskettail W3 - S3S4 G4 PC: ponds and lakes Erpetogomphus designatus Eastern Ringtail W3 - S3? G5 PC: streams and rivers Gomphus apomyius Banner Clubtail W3 - S3? G4 PC: spring-fed streams Gomphus diminutus Diminutive Clubtail W2 - S3S4 G3 S: sand-bottomed streams Gomphus dilatatus Blackwater Clubtail W3 - S3? G5 PC: rivers Gomphus rogersi Sable Clubtail W2 - S2S3 G4 M: small spring-fed streams Libellula quadrimacduata Four-spotted Skimmer W3 - SR G5 M: marshy ponds Macrodiplaxbalteata Marl Pennant W3 S2S3 G5 C: ponds and lakes, usually br or near marl Nannothemis bela Elfin Skimmer W3 S3S4 G4 S: boggy swales Orthemisferruginea Roseate Skimmer W2 S2S4 05

 - C: ponds and slow-flowing str Stylurus amnicola                        Riverine Clubtail          W3          S3?  G4 MPC: rivers Triacanthagynatrifida                    Phantom Darner             W3          S2?  G5 C: slow-flowing streams INSECTS - DAMSELFLIES Calopteryx amata                         Superb Jewelwing           W3          S3?  G4 M: cold, shallow, rocky rivers Lestesforcipatus                         Sweetflag Spreadwing       W3          S2S3 G5 P: vegetated ponds Lestes vidua                             Carolina Spreadwing        W3          S2?  G5 C: ponds and pools INSECTS - MOTHS Abrostola ovalis                         a looper moth              W3          SU   G4 M: high elevation forests with les Acrapex relicta                          a cane borer               W3          S2S3 G4 C: canebrakes Acronicta hamamelis                      Puzzling Dagger Moth       W3          SU   G4?

MP: unknown Acronicta lanceolaria Lanceolate Daggermoth W3 S3? G4 C: flatwoods Acronictaperblanda Cypress Daggermoth W3 SIS2 G? C: cypress swamps Amphipyrinae, new genus I sp I a canebrake moth W3 S1S2 G? MC: woodland canebrakes Amphipyrinae, new genus 2 sp I a canebrake moth W3 S1S2 G? C: woodland canebrakes

74 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Amphipyrinae, new genus 2 sp 2 a canebrake moth W3 S3S4 G? C: woodland canebrakes Anticlea multiferata Many-lined Carpet W3 SU G5 MPC: unknown Apantesis carlotta Carlotta's Tiger Moth W3 S3? G4 M: unknown Argillophorafurcilla a cane moth W3 S2S3 G2G4 C: canebrakes Argyrostrotiscarolina an owlet moth W3 SH G? no locality data Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris Four-lined Chocolate W3 S3? G4 C: pocosins and flatwoods Arugisa watsoni Watson's Arugisa W3 S3? G4 PC: sedgy glades Bleptina sangamonia an owlet moth W3 S2? G4 C: sandhills Bomolocha appalachiensis Appalachian Bomolocha W3 SSU G3G4 M: unknown Caberaquadrifasciaria Four-lined Cabera W3 SU G? C: unknown Caripetaaretaria Southern Pine Looper W3 S3? G4 MPC: pine forests Catocalablandulassp I Southern Charming Underwing W3 SIS3 G5T3 C: riparian hawthorns Catocalaorba Orba Underwing W3 SU G4 C: levee forests with hawthorn Catocalapretiosa texarkana Texarkana Underwing W3 SU G4T4 MPC: unknown Catocalasappho Sappho Underwing W3 SU' G4 P: bottomland hardwoods with hickories Cepphissp I nrdecoloraria a new inchworm moth S3? GUQ C: unknown W3 Ceratonyx satanaria an inchworm moth W3 S2? G4 C: swamps and bottomlands Chrysanymphafornosa Formosa Looper Moth W3 S3S4 G5 MP: heath thickets Chytonix sensiis an owlet moth W3 S3? G4 C: sandhills and flatwoods Cisthene kentuckiensis Kentucky Lichen Moth W3 SU G4 C: bottomlands? Cleoraprojecta Projecta Gray W3 S3? G4 C: peatlands and flatwoods Cosmosoma myrodora an owlet moth W3 SU G? C: on climbing hempweed Cryphia cyanympha an owlet moth W3 SU G? C: sandhills Cycnia inopinatus Unexpected Cycnia W3 SU G4 WC: on milkweeds Dasychiraatrivenosa a tussock moth W3 S3? G4 C: hardwood forests Dasychiraleucophaea a tussock moth W3 SU G4 C: unknown Datanarobusta a prominent moth W3 S2? G?

   .C: savannas, flatwoods, and sandhills.

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 75 Scientific Name - Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Doryodes bistrialis an owlet moth W3 - 5354 G4 C: savannas and flatwoods Dysgonia smithii Smith's Darkwing W3 - S3? G4 C: flatwoods Erastriacoloraria Broad-lined Catopyrrha W3 - SU G4 no locality data Euagrotisluoricans Slippery Dart Moth W3 - S3? G4 SC: savannas and flatwoods Euagrotissimplicia a noctuid moth W3 SU G? C: unknown Eucoptocnemis dapsiis an owlet moth W3 - S2S3 G4 C: unknown Euxoa declarata a dart moth W3 - SU G4G5 M: unknown Exyrafax Purple Pitcher-plant Moth W3 - S3? G4 PC: wetlands with purple pitcher-plants Exyra ridingsii a pitcher-plant moth W3 - S3? G3G4 PC: wetlands with yellow pitcher-plants Farontaaleada an owlet moth W3 - SU G? C: unknown Farontarubripennis Pink Streak W3 - S2S3 G3G4 C: beach grasslands Gabaradistema humeralis an owlet moth W3 - S3? G4T? C: savannas Gabarapulverosalis an owlet moth W3 - S3? G4 C: sav Hypocoena enervata an owlet moth W3 - SU G4 C: tidal marshes Hypomecis longipectinaria a wave W3 - SU G? C: hardwood stands Idaea eremiata a wave W3 - SU G4 C: sandhills Idaeamicropterata a wave W3 - S3? G? C: unknown Idaea ostentaria awave W3 - S3? G? C: sandhills Idaeaproductata a wave W3 - S2S3 G4 C: sandhills Idaeascintillularia a wave W3 - SU G?

  - C: unknown Idaea violacearia                        Violaceous Wave             W3    -    S3?    G4 C: sandhills and dunes Lepipolys perscripta                     an owlet moth               W3    -    SU     G4I C: on toadflax Leptostaks Iaevitaria                    a wave                      W3    -    SU   . G?

C: unknown Leucania callidior Cane Wainscot W3 SU GU C: canebrakes Leucania incognita an owlet moth W3 -- Su G? C: savannas Lithacodiasp I a bird-dropping moth W3 - S1S3 G4 C: pocosins and other wetlands

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 76 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Lithophane lepida adipel a pinion moth W3 - SU G4T4 C: unknown Litoprosopusfutilis Palmetto Borer W3 - SU G4 C: palmettos Lobocleta peralbata an inchworm moth W3 - SU G? C: unknown. Macrochilo santerivalis an owlet moth W3 - SU G3G4 C: brackish marshes Meropleon diversicolor a noctuid moth W3 - SU G4 MC: sedge meadows Metalectraalbilinea White-lined Fungus Moth W3 - S3? G? C: unknown Metalepsisfishii an owlet moth W3 - SU 0405 C: heath thickets Morrisoniasp I a new woodgrain moth W3 - S3? G3G4 C: unknown Nemoria bifilata an emerald moth W3 - S3? G4 C: sandhills Nemoria bifilata bifilata an emerald moth W3 - S3? GT? C: sandhills Neoplynes eudora a wasp moth W3 - SU G? C: unknown New noctuid genus I a new reddish cane borer moth W3 - S3 GU C: canebrakes Notondontidae, new genus I species I a new prominent moth W3 - S2S3 G3G4 C: hardwoods? Oligiachlorostigma a brocade moth W3 - SU G4 C: unknown Orgyiadetrita a tussock moth W3 - S3? G4 C: maritime forests Paoniasastylus Huckleberry Sphinx W3 - S3S4 G4G5 C: heath thickets Papaipemabaptisiae Wild Indigo Borer Moth W3 - SU 04 P: on Baptisia or Arocvnum PapaipemaIysimachiae Loosestrife Borer Moth W3 - SU G4 M: on loosestrife Papaipemasp 3 Southeastern Cane Borer Moth W3 - S3? G4 C: canebrakes Parahypenodesquadralis an owlet moth W3 - SIS2 G4 C: unknown Pimapherapercata an inchworm moth W3 - SIS2 G? C: unknown Properigeatapeta an owlet moth W3 - S2S3 G? C: bottomlands? Pyreferrapetitin a sallow moth W3 - SU G? PC: on Ostrva Schinia inclara a flower moth W3 - SU G? C: marshes and sandhills with Heterotheca Schinia nubila a flower moth W3 - SU G? C: unknown Schinia obscurata Obscure Schinia W3 - S2S3 G4 C: sandhills Schinia scissoides a flower moth W3 - SU G? C: open areas

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 77 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Schinia siren a flower moth W3 - SU G? C: open maritime forests Schinia sordida a flower moth W3 - SU G4? C: savannas Scopula aemulata a wave moth W3 - SU G? MC: on Trillium Scopula cacuminaria Frosted Tan Wave W3 - S3? G4 C: sandhills Scopula ordinata a wave W3 - S2S3 G5 CM: mesic hardwoods Scopula purata Chalky Wave W3 - S3? G4 C: acidic wetlands Semiothisa eremiata Three-lined Angle W3 - S3? G4 C: on Tenhrosia Semiothisa ordinata Amorpha Angle W3 - ( S2S3 G? C: sandhills Semiothisapunctolineata an angle W3 - SU G? C: unknown Sphingicampabicolor Honey Locust Moth W3 - S3S4 G5 C?: on honey locust Sphinxfranckii Franck's Sphinx W3 - SU G4 P: on Fraxinus Spilosoma dubia Dubious Tiger Moth W3 S3S4 G? C: acidic wetlands Stiria rugifrons an owlet moth W3 - SU G4 C?: sandhills Syngrapha alias a looper moth W3 - SU G5 M: spruce-fir forests Tarachidiaparvuda a bird-dropping moth W3 - SU G? C cypress swamps? Tolype minta Southern Tolype W3 - S2S3 G5 C: longleaf pine stands Tornos abjectarius a gray W3 - S2S3 G? C: unknown Tripudiaflavofasciata an owlet moth W3 '- SU G? C: bottomlands Tripudia quadrifera an owlet moth W3 - SU G? P: unknown Ulolonche modesta Modest Quaker Moth W3 - SU G5 C: unknown Xestia youngii Young's Xestia W3 - S3S4 G? C: peatlands Zak calycanthata Double-banded Zale W3 - S3? G4 C: oak forests Zalefictilis a zale W3 - SA? G5 C: unknown Zak sp 2 nr squamularis a new zale W3 - SU G4Q C: unknown Zak sp 3 nr buchholzi an owlet moth W3 - S2S3 G3? C: pine forests Zanclognathaatrilineella an owlet moth W3 - Si? G4? C: unknown Zanclognathasp I an owlet moth W3 - SU G3G4 M: dry pitch pine stands

78 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST, Scientific Name Common Name I Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S., N.C. Global INSECTS - BUrEERLIEES Amblyscirtes carolina Carolina Roadside-Skipper W2 S3S4 G3G4 CSP: wet woods (mainly hardwoods) near cane; host plant - cane (Arundinaria) Callophrys augustinus Brirwn Elfid W2 - S3S4 G5 MPSC: dry acidic areas with an abundance of ericads, such as pine/oak heaths; host plants - ericaceous shrubs Celastrinaneglectamajor Appalachian Azure W2 - S3S4 G4 M: rich deciduous forests; host plant

    -- black cohosh (Cimicifura)

Glaucopsyche Iygdamus Sil very Blue W2 - S2S3 G5 M: open upland woods, roadbanks, and borders; host plants - legumes, especially Carolina vetch (Vicia caroliniana) Hesperialeonardus LOonard's Skipper W2 - S3S4 G4 PM: wooded borders and openings, brushy fields; host plants - grasses Hesperia metea Co bweb Skipper W2 - S3 G4G5 PSM: dry barren sites, such as pine/oak sandhills and upland wood margins; host plants -- mainly broomsedge (Androvouong Hesperiasassacus IncHan Skipper W2 - S3 G5 M: old fields, clearings, wood margins, mainly at high elevations; host plants - grasses Megathymus yuccae Yu cca Giant-Skipper W2 - S3S4 G5 C: dunes, flatwoods, sandhills, and other places near yuccas; host plants - Yucca species Neonympha areolata Ge orgia Satyr W5 - S3 G4 CSP: savannas, wet powerline clearings, other damp grassy areas; host plants - sedges, perhaps grasses Phyciodesphaon Phi son Crescent W5 - S3 G5 T: open, often dry areas, mainly on barrier islands; host plants - fogfruit (Lirmia) Pontiaprotodice Ch eckered White Wl,W5 - S3 G4 PCSM: fields, croplands, brushy areas; host plants - mustard species (Family Brassicaceae) Problemabyssus By ssus Skipper W2 S3 G3G4 C: wetland ecotones, swamp margins, ditches; host plant -- gamma grass (Triosacum dactvloides)

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 79 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Speyeriadiana Diana Fritillary W2 FSC S3S4 G3 MP: rich woods and adjacent edges [G3G41 and openings; believed extirpated from the lower Piedmont; host plants

     - violets (Viola)

Thorybes confusis Confused Cloudywing W3 - S3S4 G4 SCP: dry woodland borders and openings, brushy fields; host plants - legumes INSECTS - GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS Arphia granulata Southern Yellow-winged Grasshopper W3 - S2S4 G5 C: flatwoods, sandhills Atlanticus gibbosus Gibbous Shield-back Katydid W3 - SU. G? C: oak and pine forests Belocephalus subapterus Half-winged Cone Head Katydid W3 - SU G? C: flatwoods and other shrubby areas Dendroettixaustralis Southern Dendrotetix W3 - SU GU M: forests Dendrotettix zimmermanni Zimmermann's Dendrotettix W3 - SU GU M: forests Hesperotettx vridis brevipennis Green-striped Grasshopper W3 - SU G5T5 C: grasslands, forest edges Hubbellia marginifera Hubbell's Shield-back Katydid W3 - SU G? C: pinewoods Inscudderia walkeri Walker's Cypress Katydid W3 - SU G? C: cypress stands Melanoplus acrophilusacrophilus a short-winged melanoplus W3 - SU G2G3T2T3 M: shrubby areas, 3600- >5000' Melanoplus carnegiei Carnegie's Melanoplus W3 - SU GU M: open pine and oak forests Melanoplus celatus a short-winged melanoplus W3 - SU GU M: undescribed, 1200' - 4000' Melanoplus deceptus Deceptive Melanoplus W3 - . SU G2G4 M: balds?, 4000' - 5700' Melanoplus decoratus Decorated Melanoplus W3 SU GU M: dry woodlands Melanoplus hubbelli Hubbell's Melanoplus W3 - - SU G4 M: dry woodlands, including second growth Melanoplus hinpudicus Immodest Spur-throat Grasshopper W3 - - SU G4G5 M: barrens and glades Melanoplus propinquus Southern Red-legged Melanoplus W3 - SU G5 C: savannas and other wooded grasslands Melanoplus similis a short-winged melanoplus W3 - SU G5 M: open woodlands Melanoplus strumosus Swollen Spur-throat Grasshopper W3 - SU G4G5 C: sandhills Melanoplus tribulus Tribulus Spur-throat Grasshopper W3 - SU G4G5 M: glades and open woodlands Mermiria bivttata Two-striped Mermiria W3 - SU G5 T: sandhills, wooded grasslands

80 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH UJST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Mermiria intertexta Intertexta Mermiria W3 Su G4? T: marshes Neoconocephalus velox Swift-flying Cone Head Katydid W3 C: shrubby undergrowth in pinewoods Opshomala vitreipennis Glassy-winged Toothpick Grasshopper W3 - SU G5 C: marshes Orchelimum superbum Superb Meadow Katydid W3 - SU G? C: bogs and tidal marshes Romalea guttatus Eastern Lubber Grasshopper W3 - SU G5 P: open woods and roadsides Scudderiacurvicaudalaticauda Broad-tailed Bush Katydid W3 - SU GT? C: savannas, flatwoods, open pinewoods INSECTS - BEETLES Gonielmisdietrichi a beetle W4 - S2 G? S: ten sites in and around Fort Bragg (Hoke, Richmond, Scotland) Stenelmis morsei a riffle beetle W5 S2 G? S: Lumber River (Robeson) Stenelmis sp nov I Harley's Steneelmis Riffle Beetle W5 - S1 G? S: Lumber River (Scotland, Hoke) Stenelmis sp nov Z Willian's Sterielmis Riffle Beetle W2 S2 G? PS: James Creek, Upper Little River, Deep River (Moore, Harnett, Lee) Stenelmis sp nov 3 a riffle beetle W4 - S2 G? PSC: Little River (Harnett, Cumberland, Moore) Trechus balsamensis a ground beet]le W3 Si? GI? M: Plott Balsam mountains (endemic to North Carolina) (Jackson*) Trechus carolinae a ground beetl te W3 S1? GL? M: Black Mountains (endemic to North Carolina) (Yancey*) Trechus lucukntus luculentus a ground beetl W3 S2? G2T2? M: mountains of southwestern North Carolina (Clay*, Graham*, Macon*, Swain+). Trechus luculentus unicoi a ground beetl W3 S2? G2T2? M: apparently the mountains of Graham County (Graham*) Trechus mitchellensis a ground beet]le W3 Si? G1? M: Black Mountains (endemic to North Carolina) (Buncombe*, McDowell*, Yancey*) Trechus novaculosus a ground beet]tle W3 -S2? G2? M: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (endemic to the park) (Swain*) Trechus roanicus a ground beetle W3 S1? G1? M: Roan Mountain (endemic to the mountain) (Mitchell*)

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 81 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Trechus rosenbergi a ground beetle W3 -. Si? GI? M: Plott Balsam and Great Balsam mountains (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood*, Jackson*) Trechus satanicus a ground beetle W3 - Si? GI? M: vicinity of Devils Courthouse and Graveyard Fields (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood*, Transylvania*) Trechus subtilis a ground beetle W3 - Si? GI? M: mountains of Haywood County (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood*, Jackson*)

82 NORTH CAROLINA E] RPATED ANIMAL LIST. Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global EXTIRPATED ANIMALS IN NORTH CAROLINA This is a list of all taxa considered by state biologists and NC NHP to be extirpated (N.C. Rank of SX) in'North Carolina. On past NC NHP rare animal lists, some such taxa were included in the Rare List, some were included in the Watch List, and others were not mentioned at all. Some of these taxa are Federally Listed, and some also have a state protected status (SC). However, as none are believed to presently occur in the state, with little or no hope of being re-discovered, we feel that they should be placed in a common section of this publication. For those species that have been tracked in the past, NC NHP will still keep records of their locations and keep other materials on file. (See pages 3-8 for status codes and definitions.) NOTE: Quite a few species that might be gone from NC are included in the Rare and Watch lists with an SH (= historic) rank, generally indicating that they have not been seen for over 20 years, but because of inadequate survey or other factors may well still exist in the state, or may be absent but expected to be found again in upcoming years. MAMMALS Bos bison A imerican Bison SX G4 MN: open woodlands Canis lupus G ray Wolf SX G4 MPS?C?: extensive forests and other remote areas Erethizon dorsatum N Drth American Porcupine SX G5 M: high elevation hardwood forests; no positively documented records Eschrichtiusrobustus G ray Whale SX G3G4 T: offshore waters Lepus americanus Si iowshoe Hare SX 05 M: spruce-fir and other high elevation forests; no positively documented records Manes pennanti Fi sher SX G5 M: spruce-fir forests; no positively documented records BIRDS Campephilusprincipalis Ivory-billed Woodpecker E SX GH C: extensive swamps and bottomlands with old-growth trees (one NC record) Conuropsiscarolinensis Carolina Parakeet SX GX CSPM?: forests, especially swamps and bottomlands Ectopistes migratorius Passenger Pigeon SX GX MPSC: forests (winter only)

NORTH CAROLINA EXTIRPATED ANIMAL LIST 83 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global FRESHWATER FISHES Acipenserfulvescens Lake Sturgeon SC FSC SX G3G4 M: large rivers of Tennessee drainages (Madison*) Lepomis megalons Longear Sunfish EX SX G5 M: French Broad drainage (Buncombe*, Haywood*) Percina mnacrocephala Longhead Darter SC FSC SX G3 M: French Broad River (Buncombe*) MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER BIVALVES Epioblasmacapsaeformis Oyster Mussel EX E SX GI M: French Broad River (Buncombe*, Madison*) Medionidus conradicus Cumberland Moccasinshell EX - Sx G3G4 M: French Broad River (Buncombe*) Ptychobranchusfasciolaris Kidneyshell EX - SX G4G5 M: Tennessee drainages Quadrulapustulosa Pimpleback EX - SX G5 M: Tennessee drainages Toxolasma lividus Purple Lilliput EX - SX G2 M: French Broad River Tritogoniaverrucosa Pistolgrip EX - SX G4 M: New River near the Virginia border (Alleghany+, Ashe+)

84 POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA ANIMALS The following list contains species of well-known animal groups that are not currently known to occur in North Carolina, or those species not currently known to breed in North Carolina, but which are considered to have some possibility of being found to occur on a regular basis or to breed in the state. The list is based on the species' currently known range and habitat preferences. Nearly all are species that occur in the adjacent states of South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, or Virginia, in habitats (or drainages) at least relatively similar to habitats known to exist in North Carolina. The purpose of this list is to encourage and challenge field workers to find new state occurrences and new breeding records. This list should give field investigators an idea of some of the species that may be regular components of North Carolina's fauna. (Species that might occur as single record accidentals, such as Western species of birds or Gulf Coast butterflies, are generally not included.) While some of these species may have relatively remote chances of being found in North Carolina, the likelihood of finding new state records is greatly increased by being aware of the possibilities and by species-directed searching. Our knowledge of many of our animal groups is still quite imperfect, especially invertebrate groups. Many natural areas are being destroyed before they can be investigated, and it can be assumed that a number of native species have been extirpated from North Carolina before they were ever documented as occurring in the state. Following each species is the North Carolina province in which the species is considered most likely to be found occurring or found breeding. Where possible, a description of the typical habitat of the species in the vicinity of North Carolina is also given. Sometimes, the nearest known occurrence(s) to North Carolina are also listed, with the distance from North Carolina in number of counties in brackets. For instance, [1] indicates that the species has been reported from a county immediately adjacent to North Carolina; [5] indicates that the species has been reported from a county five counties away from the North Carolina border. An average county width in and around North Carolina is about 25 miles, so [5] indicates an approximate distance from North Carolina of 100-125 miles. It should be obvious that a species known to occur south only to the Virginia mountains would be best searched for in North Carolina counties near the Virginia line, such as Ashe, Alleghany, and Watauga. Likewise, Coastal Plain species occurring north to South Carolina are most likely searched for in counties along the southern border, such as Brunswick and Columbus. The following additional symbols are used:

• May have occurred in North Carolina (no conclusive records) with the remote possibility of being conclusively found in the state

+ Known to occur in the state on a regular basis (as an Element Occurrence) but not known conclusively to breed, though suspected or assumed to breed; conclusive breeding records lacking NOTE: Since the last version of this publication in 2001, the following species have been found or reported in North Carolina and have been removed from the lists: Olympia Marble (Euchloe olympia) and Texan Crescent (Phyciodes texana seminole); plus, breeding evidence has been documented for Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus). MAMMALS There are very few terrestrial mammals that could be discovered for the first time in North Carolina; three of them - North American Porcupine, Shoeshoe Hare, and Fisher -- may have occurred in the mountains many decades or centuries ago, but reports are fuzzy or second-hand; they are included on the Extirpated List. Nearly all of the potential new-to-North Carolina mammals are cetaceans. A few cetaceans probably occur regularly in the Atlantic off North Carolina, but far offshore; however, most of them are primarily either subtropical or Arctic inhabitants and would be considered accidental in the state.

85 Balaenoptera edeni -- Bryde's Whale T: ocean, primarily in subtropical waters; VA (one record), GA Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale T: ocean, entire north Atlantic, far offshore; MD (one record) Peponocephala electra - Melon-headed Whale T: ocean, in subtropical waters; MD (one record) Phoca groenlandica - Harp Seal T: ocean, in cold waters north of NC; VA (one record) BIRDS The species below are all considered to be potential breeders in North Carolina; some may possibly be breeding already. All have been recorded from the state on numerous occasions; those marked by (+) are known to occur in summer in the state to an extent and probably are nesting, but conclusive evidence is lacking. Accipiter gentilis -- Northern Goshawk M: extensive forests, mainly at high elevations; MD, WV, VA ?; a few summer records for the NC mountains [see Watch List] Ammnospiza caudacuta -- Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow T: salt or brackish marshes; VA [3]; some references list NC in the breeding range - this is erroneous; there have been a few summer reports, but some may be erroneous or of late migrating individuals [see Watch List] Asio flammeus - Short-eared Owl T: extensive brackish marshes; MD ?, VA formerly, and might still nest there; several summer records for. the NC coastal marshes [see Watch List] Asio otus - Long-eared Owl M: conifers or mixed woods at high elevations in northern mountains; VA [2]; one or two summer reports from the NC mountains, but without visual confirmation [see Watch List] Carpodacus purpureus - Purple Finch M: spruce-fir forests; VA [1] (Mt. Rogers); one or two summer records for the NC mountains Catharus ustulatus -- Swainson's Thrush M: spruce-fir forests, mainly in northern mountains; VA [1] (Mt. Rogers); possibly nested in NC mountains in 19th Century, but no summer records in many decades Cistothorus platensis - Sedge Wren T: brackish marshes; VA [3] (northern portion of Chesapeake Bay); several summer records from NC, mainly in brackish marshes, but these might be of wandering birds or migrants Contopus cooperi -- Olive-sided Flycatcher + [breeding records for TN side of Great Smoky Mountains NP]; no active nest has been found in NC [see Rare List] Dendroica magnolia - Magnolia Warbler + [breeding evidence needed]; no active nest yet found, but probably nests [see Rare List] Elanoides forficatus - Swallow-tailed Kite C: swamps, river bottoms; SC [2] (Santee River); numerous summer records, but nearly all believed to be of visitors/postbreeders; up to one-half-dozen birds, possibly including a family group, spent much of the summer 2003 along the Cape Fear River Empidonax flaviventris - Yellow-bellied Flycatcher M: high elevation spruce-fir, usually where stunted or young; VA [1] (Mt. Rogers); two summer reports from NC mountains Melospiza georgiana -- Swamp Sparrow M: bogs at high elevation; VA [5-6]; no summer reports for NC

86 Mycteria americana -- Wood Stork C: swamps, with open water somewhat nearby; SC [4]; no reports from NC suggestive of breeding in the state [see Rare List] Oporornis philadelphia -- Mourning Warbler M: thickets, brushy places, clearings; VA [5]; a pair believed to have nested in mid-1980s near Great Smoky Mountains N.P. in NC, and another territorial male was present at Roan Mountain in the early 2000s Passerculus sandwichensis - Savannah Sparrow + [breeding evidence needed]; VA [E]; believed to be nesting in Alleghany and Ashe counties, but no active nest has yet to be found [see Rare List] Seiurus noveboracensis -- Northern Waterthrush M: bogs where spruce-fir is present; VA [5-6], plus two reports from Mt. Rogers; no summer reports for NC Vermivora pinus -- Blue-winged Warbler + [breeding evidence needed]; no active nest yet found, but presumed to breed in southwestern counties [see Rare List] Vermivora ruficapilla -- Nashville Warbler M: spruce-fir forests, mainly along margins or in young or stunted trees; VA [6], but also a report from Mt. Rogers; no summer reports for NC REPTILES Graptemys geographica -- Map Turtle M: large rivers in the Tennessee drainage; VA [2], TN [1] Graptemys pseudogeographica -- False Map Turtle M: large rivers in the Tennessee drainage; TN [1-2] Nerodia cyclopion - Green Water Snake C: streams, lakes, ponds, marshes; SC [2] Ophisaurus compressus -- Island Glass Lizard TC: maritime or other coastal forests, in dryhabitats; SC [2] Trionyx ferox -- Florida Softshell C: lakes, ponds, rivers; SC [3] Trionyx muticus - Smooth Softshell M: large rivers in the Tennessee drainage; TN [2?] AMPHIBIANS Ambystoma cingulatum -- Flatwoods Salamander C: flatwoods, bottomlands, swamps; SC [2-3] Ambystoma jeffersonianum -- Jefferson Salamander M: low woods, bottomlands; VA [2] Ambystoma texanum - Smallmouth Salamander M: moist forests; TN [6]; ranges east to central TN Desmognathus welteri - Black Mountain Salamander M: along streams in mesic forests; TN [3] Eurycea lucifuga - Cave Salamander M: limestone caves and ledges; TN [1], VA [2] Gyrinophilus palleucus -- Tennessee Cave Salamander M: caves, in limestone areas; TN [2] Plethodon hoffmani - Valley and Ridge Salamander M: montane forests; VA [3-4]

87 Plethodon hubrichti - Peaks of Otter Salamander M: cool moist woods; VA [2]; endemic to Peaks of Otter Mountain Plethodon websteri -- Webster's Salamander P: moist forests with steep north-facing slopes; SC [4] Pseudobranchus striatus -- Dwarf Siren C: swamps, ponds, other sluggish freshwater habitats; SC [2-3] Rana grylio - Pig Frog C: lakes, ponds, marshes; SC [2] FISHES The absence in North Carolina of the very large number of Tennessee fishes occurring just over the state line is not an artifact of collecting intensity. Much sampling has occurred in the state near the Tennessee border for such species. The streams where they occur do extend into North Carolina; however, most of the streams where the fishes occur in Tennessee become high gradient near the border, with riffles and rapids preventing the fishes from occurring in North Carolina. A few reservoirs along the state line also block some species from entering the state. On the other hand, there are a number of species that occur within one or two counties of North Carolina that are not listed here; these are fishes in drainages that do not reach North Carolina, particularly the Chattahoochee and the Coosa in Georgia, the Clinch in Tennessee and Virginia, and the James in Virginia. Alosa chrysochloris - Skipjack Herring Reported from NC in the past few years, but not confirmed M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Cottus baileyi - Black Sculpin M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1], VA [1-2] Etheostoma caeruleum - Rainbow Darter M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Etheostoma camurum - Bluebreast Darter Reported from NC in the past few years, but not confirmed M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Etheostoma cinereum - Ashy Darter M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Etheostoma hopkinsi - Christmas Darter M: Savannah drainage; SC [1-2] Etheostoma kennicotti - Stripetail Darter M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Etheostoma osburni - Finescale Saddled Darter M: New drainage; VA [2] Fundulus catenatus - Northern Studfish M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Fundulus notatus - Blackstripe Topminnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Fundulus olivaceous - Blackspotted Topminnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Gasterosteus aculeatus - Threespine Stickleback T: tidal waters; VA [2?] Hemitremia flammea - Flame Chub M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Hybognathus nuchalis - Central Silvery Minnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [2-3] Hybopsis aestivalis -- Speckled Chub M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2]

88 Hybopsis dissimilis - Streamline Chub M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-21 Hybopsis storeriana -- Silver Chub M: Tennessee drainages; TN [2-31 Hypentelium etowanum - Alabama Hog Sucker M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1], GA [1] lchthyomyzon castaneus -- Chestnut Lamprey M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Ichthyomyzon gagei -- Southern Brook Lamprey M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Ictalurus furcatus -- Blue Catfish M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Lepisosteus oculatus -- Spotted Gar M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Notropis ariommus - Popeye Shiner M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Notropis atherinoides -- Emerald Shiner M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Notropis lirus - Mountain Shiner M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Notropis stramineus -- Sand Shiner M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Noturus baileyi -- Smoky Madtom M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Noturus leptacanthus - Speckled Madtom M: Savannah drainage; SC [1] Percina rex -- Roanoke Logperch P: Roanoke and Chowan drainages; VA [1-2] Percina shumardi - River Darter M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Phenacobius uranops -- Stargazing Minnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Pimephales promelas -- Fathead Minnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1], VA [1] Pimephales vigilax -- Bullhead Minnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-21 Scaphirhynchus platyrynchus - Shovelnose Sturgeon M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] INSECTS -- BUTTERFLIES A species marked with the @symbol is considered to be a Visitor, with breeding occurring elsewhere. Most of these breed to the south of North Carolina and would be expected to occur as a visitor in the warmer months. Otherwise, all other species on this list are presumed to breed in adjacent states. There are numerous butterfly species whose presently known range extends south in the mountains only to Virginia. Some of these certainly must occur in the northern mountain counties of North Carolina, particularly those not restricted to habitats rare or absent in the state (e.g., shale barrens or limestone outcrops). North Carolina has apparently not had thorough statewide coverage of its Lepidopteran fauna, nor has a book or treatise been published on that fauna of the state. In summary, there is much to be learned about butterfly distribution in the state, including new species to be added to the state list.

89 Amblyscirtes belli - Bell's Roadside-Skipper MP: wooded edges and openings, wooded creeks; host plant-- wild oats (Uniola latifolia); SC [1] (Oconee and Pickens counties) Boloria selene -- Silver-bordered Fritillary M: wet meadows, bogs, marshes; host plant - violets (Viola) and other species; VA [31 Brephidium isophthalma - Eastern Pygmy-Blue T: tidal flats and marshes; host plant -- glassworts (Salicornia , possibly saltwort (Batis maritima); SC [2] Calephelis borealis - Northern Metalmark M: rocky areas near shale, serpentine, or limestone, usually near streams; host plant -- ragworts (Senecio', possibly fleabanes (Erigeron); VA [2] Callophrys polios - Hoary Elfin M: sunny, dry slopes and other barren or rocky habitats; host plant -- heaths, possibly trailing arbutus (Evigaea revens) in the Appalachians; VA [3] Chlosyne harrisii - Harris' Checkerspot M: marshes, damp meadows, and other wet brushy places; host plant -- flat-topped white aster (Aster umbellatus); WV [6-7]. Colias interior - Pink-edged Sulphur M: high elevation areas with acidic soils, such as wood margins, openings, and heath balds; host plant -- blueberries (Vaccinium); VA [5-6] Erynnis lucilius - Columbine Duskywing M: rocky woods, ravines, and wooded edges; host plant - wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis); VA (2); reported from NC in early 2000s, but report retracted, likely an identification error Erynnis persius - Persius Duskywing M: openings in cool forests, fields or bogs near woods; host plant -- lupine (Luvinus DerenniS); VA [3] Euphyes conspicuus - Black Dash CM: marshes, wet meadows, but rarely in bogs; host plant - sedges, mainly Carex stricta; VA [1] Leptotes cassius - Cassius Blue @ TC: mainly coastal towns, gardens, and residential areas; SC [3] Speyeria atlantis - Atlantis Fritillary M: cool, open woods, wooded streams, clearings; host plant -- violets (Viola); VA [5]

90 SIGNIFICANT 2004 REVISIONS TO THE ANIMAL LIST NOTE: Large numbers of mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, and moths have been added to, and in some cases deleted from, the Rare List and the Watch List. Because of the numbers of such taxa, they are not listed below. New Taxa Added to the Rare Animal List Cambarus histricosus [Sandhills Spiny Crayfish] [newly described species, endemic to North Carolina?] Cambarus tuckasegee [Tuckasegee Stream Crayfish] [newly described species, endemic to North Carolina] Corynorhinus rafinesquii macrotis [Rafinesque's [desire to track records by subspecies] Big-eared Bat - Coastal Plain subspecies] Corynorhinus rafinesquii rafinesquii [Rafinesque's [desire to track records by subspecies] Big-eared Bat - Mountain subspecies] Euchloe olympia [Olympia Marble] [newly discovered in North Carolinal Ictiobus niger [Black Buffalo] [newly discovered in North Carolina] Inflectarius downieanus [Dwarf Globelet] [newly discovered in North Carolina] Lasionycteris noctivagans [Silver-haired Bat] [breeding season records are scarce] Lasiurus cinereus [Hoary Bat] [breeding season records are very scarce] Libellula julia [Chalk-fronted Corporal] [newly discovered in North Carolina] Phyciodes texana seminole [Seminole Texan [newly discovered in North Carolina] Crescent] Plethodon amplus [Blue Ridge Gray-cheeked [new split; endemic to North Carolina] Salamander] Plethodon cheoah [Cheoah Bald Salamander] [new split; endemic to North Carolina] Sphaeriurn simile [Grooved Fingernailclam] [apparently newly discovered in North Carolina] Viviparus intertextus [Rotund Mysterysnail] [apparently newly discovered in North Carolina] Taxa Added to the Rare Animal List from the Watch List Bufo quercicus [Oak Toad] [populations threatened by habitat loss] Cambarus acanthura [Spinytail Crayfish] [considered by biologists to be rare enough to track] Cambarus davidi [Carolina Ladle Crayfish] [endemic to North Carolina, considered rare enough to track] Cambarus nodosus [Knotty Burrowing Crayfish] [considered by biologists to be rare enough to track] Cambarus reburrus [French Broad River Crayfish] [endemic to North Carolina, considered rare enough to track] Desrnogna-thus wnrghti [Pigmy Salamander] [concern over further impacts to spruce-fir habitat] Haematopus palliatus [American Oystercatcher] [populations threatened by habitat loss and human impacts] Hyla versicolor [Northern Gray Treefrog] [conclusive documentation, and populations believed to be resident] Lasiurus internedius [Northern Yellow Bat] [might well be a resident and not a vagrant] Orconectes sp I [a crayfish] (listed as Orconectes [considered by biologists to be rare enough to track] cf spinosus on previous list) Procambarus plumimanus [Croatan Crayfish] [endemic to North Carolina, considered rare enough to track] New Taxa Added to the Watch List Cemophora coccinea [Scarlet Snake] [declining numbers and habitat loss, though not yet rare] Elanoides forficatus [Swallow-tailed Kite] [possibly breeding in North Carolina (in 2003)] Etheostoma thalassinum [Seagreen Darter] [apparently declining numbers] Etheostoma zonale [Banded Darter] [apparently declining numbers]

91 Farancia erytrogramma [Rainbow Snake] [declining numbers; though not yet rare] Gonielmis dietrichi [a beetle] [apparently present only in a small area of North Carolina] Gyraulus deflectus [Flexed Gyro] [status poorly known in North Carolina] Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum [Eastern Milk [poorly known, seemingly more difficult to find] Snake] Lampsilis sp 3 [a bivalve] [potential new species; needs study] Lophodytes cucullatus [Hooded Merganser] [small but erratic breeding population in North Carolina] Nocomis raneyi [Bull Chub] [apparently declining numbers and deteriorating habitat] Notropis chalybaeus [Ironcolor Shiner] [steep declines south of North Carolina; thus, needs monitoring in the state] Plethodon meridianus [South Mountain [newly split species; endemic to North Carolina, though Gray-cheeked Salamander] common within its small range] Promenetus exacuous [Sharp Sprite] [status poorly known in North Carolina] Siren lacertina [Greater Siren] [seemingly declining numbers, though not yet rare] Stenelmis morsei [a riffle beetle] [apparently small range in North Carolina] Stenelmis sp nov 1 [Harley's Stenelmis Riffle [apparently small range in North Carolina] Beetle] Stenelmis sp nov 2 [William's Stenelmis Riffle [apparently small range in North Carolina] Beetle] Stenelmis sp nov 3 [a riffle beetle] [apparently small range in North Carolina] Stenotrema pilula [Pygmy Slitmouth] [status poorly known in North Carolina] Stereochilus marginatus [Many-lined Salamander] [scarce or difficult to find, despite much seemingly suitable habitat] Tachycineta bicolor [Tree Swallow] [small breeding population in North Carolina] Virginia valeriae [Smooth Earth Snake] [relatively few recent records, despite seemingly abundant habitat] Taxa Removed from the Rare Animal List Apeltes quadracus [Fourspine Stickleback] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Eleotris pisonis [Spinycheek Sleeper] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Epioblasma capsaeformis [Oyster Mussel] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Erynnis lucilius [Columbine Duskywing] [reported occurrence believed to be a mis-identification] Evorthodus lyricus [Lyre Goby] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Gobionellus stigmaticus [Marked Goby] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Hypsoblennius ionthas [Freckled Blenny] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Leucorrhinia frigida [Frosted Whiteface] [questionable identification; species far out of range] Medionidus conradicus [Cumberland Moccasinshell] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Microphis brachyurus [Opossum Pipefish] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Percina macrocephala [Longhead Darter] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Poecilia latipinna [Sailfin Molly] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Ptychobranchus fasciolaris [Kidneyshell] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Quadrula pustulosa [Pimpleback] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Toxolasma lividus [Purple Lilliput] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Tritogonia verrucosa [Pistolgrip] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina]

92 Taxa Moved from the Rare Animal List to the Watch List Celastrina neglectamajor [Appalachian Azure] [more numerous than formerly believed] Gomphus diminutus [Diminutive Clubtail] [more numerous than formerly believed] Hyla andersonii [Pine Barrens Treefrog] [more widespread than formerly believed, and habitat not overly threatened] Lythrurus matutinus [Pinewoods Shiner] [quite common within its rather small range] Speyeria diana [Diana Fritillary] [more widespread than formerly believed, and habitat not overly threatened] Trechus (all species) [ground beetles] [lack of new data and scarcity or absence of biologists working with this group of animals; however, because most have very small ranges and are endemic to North Carolina, they are retained on the Watch List] Taxa Removed from the Watch List Lepus americanus [Snowshoe Hare] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Myotis lucifugus [Little Brown Myotis] [considered to be reasonably common in North Carolina] Sorex longirostris fisheri [Dismal Swamp [considered to be common in North Carolina] Southeastern Shrew] Tadarida brasiliensis [Brazilian Free-tailed Bat] [considered to be reasonably common in North Carolina] NOTE: The following animal groups have also been removed from the Watch List: marine bivalves, marine gastropods, millipedes, scorpionflies, most beetles, ants, and annelids. NC NHP has received essentially no data on these groups in over a decade, and there are few if any biologists working with these groups. Scientific Name Changes to the Rare Animal List NOTE: Slight spelling changes, whether officially recognized changes or spelling errors from the 2001 edition of this list, are not included below. Only completely new genus or species names are given below. Chaneed from: Changed to: Catinella vermeta [Suboval Ambersnail] Catinella waccamawensis [Waccamaw Ambersnail] Cervus elaphus [Elk] Cervus canadensis Clemmys muhlenbergii [Bog Turtle] Glyptemys muhlenbergii Cyprinella zanema pop 1 [Santee Chub - Piedmont Cyprinella zanema [Santee Chub] population] Cyprinella zanema pop 2 [Santee Chub - Coastal Cyprinella sp 1 [Thinlip Chub] (formerly thought to be part of Plain population] C. zanema, but might be a separate species) Desmognathus sp 1 [Waterrock Knob Salamander] Desmognathus imitator pop 1 [Imitator Salamander - Waterrock Knob population] Eurycea longicauda longicauda [Long-tailed Eurycea longicauda [Longtail Salamander] (now a full species) Salamander] Fundulus waccamensis pop 1 [Waccamaw Killifish Fundulus waccamensis [Waccamaw Killifish]

    - Lake Waccamaw population]

Fundulus waccamensis pop 2 [Waccamaw Killifish Fundulus cf diaphanus [Lake Phelps Killifish] (population is

    - Lake Phelps population]                             closer in characters to F. diaphanus than to F. waccamensis in Lake Waccamaw)

Hybopsis monacha [Spotfm Chub] Cyprinella monacha

93 Ivesia carolinensis [Linville Caverns Spider] Nesticus carolinensis Noturus furiosus pop 1 [Carolina Madtom - Noturus furiosus [Carolina Madtom] Neuse drainage population] Noturus furiosus pop 2 [Carolina Madtom - Noturus furiosus [Carolina Madtom] (entire species proposed Tar drainage population] for State Threatened status, thus no need to track separate populations) Opheodrys vernalis [Smooth Green Snake] Liochlorophis vernalis Orconectes cf spinosus [a crayfish] Orconectes sp 1 Rana capito capito [Carolina Gopher Frog] Rana capito (now a full species) Stizostedion canadensis [Sauger] Sander canadensis Sylvilagus transitionalis [New England Cottontail] Sylvilagus obscurus [Appalachian Cottontail] Valvata cf sincera [a valvatid snail] Valvata sincera N.C. Status Changes on the Rare Animal List All state status (E, T, and SC) changes must be approved by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission and published in the State Register for public comment. The changes below became official on July 1, 2002. These taxa are given state protection under the State Endangered Species Act (G.S. 113-331 to 113-337). [SR and W are NC NHP designations only, not affording official state protection.] From: To: Aegolius acadicus [Northern Saw-whet Owl] SC T Alasmidonta varicosa [Brook Floater] T E Anodonta implicata [Alewife Floater] SC T Cambarus catagius [Greensboro Burrowing Crayfish] SR SC Cambarus chaugaensis [Oconee Stream Crayfish] SR SC Cambarus georgiae [Little Tennessee River Crayfish] SR SC Cambarus parrishi [Hiwassee Headwaters Crayfish] SR SC Cambarus spicatus [Broad River Spiny Crayfish] SR SC Certhia americana [Brown Creeper] . SR SC Cervus canadensis [Elk] W SC (because this is an experimental release population, NC NHP is not tracking the species, and retains it on its Watch List) Corynorhinus rafinesquu [Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat] SC T Crotalus adamanteus [Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake] SR E Crotalus horridus [Timber Rattlesnake] SR SC Cyclonaias tuberculata [Purple Wartyback] SR E Elliptio lanceolata [Yellow Lance] T E Elliptio marsupiobesa [Cape Fear Spike] T SC Eurycea junaluska [Junaluska Salamander] SC T Fusconaia masoni [Atlantic Pigtoe] T E Haliaeetus leucocephalus [Bald Eagle] E T Helisoma eucosmium [Greenfield Rarns-horn] SR E Heterodon simus [Southern Hognose Snake] SR SC Lampetra aepyptera [Least Brook Lamprey] SC T Lampsilis cariosa [Yellow Lampmussel] T E Lampsilis radiata conspicua [Carolina Fatmucket] SR T Lampsilis radiata radiata [Eastern Lampmussel] SC T Leptodea ochracea [Tidewater Mucket] SC T

94 From: To: Ligumia nasuta [Eastern Pondmussel] SC T Loxia curvirostris [Red Crossbill] SR SC Micrurus fulvius [Eastern Coral Snake] SR E Moxostoma robustum [Robust Redhorse] SC SR (since the downlisting, has been re-discovered and will be proposed for E status) Orconectes carolinensis [North Carolina Spiny Crayfish] SR SC Orconectes virginiensis [Chowanoke Crayfish] SR SC Pelecanus occidentalis [Brown Pelican] SC SR Peromyscus leucopus easti [Pungo White-footed Mouse] SR SC Pleurobema oviforme [Tennessee Clubshell] SR E Procambarus braswelli [Waccamaw Crayfish] SR SC Rana capito [Carolina Gopher Frog] SC T Regulus satrapa [Golden-crowned Kinglet] SC W Scartomyzon ariommus [Bigeye Jumprock] SC T Sistrurus miliarius [Pigmy Rattlesnake] SR SC Sorex hoyi winnemana [Southern Pygmy Shrew] SC W Sorex longirostris fisheri [Dismal Swamp Southeastern T Shrew] Sphyrapicus varius [Yellow-bellied Sapsucker] SR SC Sterna antillarum [Least Tern] SR SC Sterna hirundo [Common Tern] SR SC Tadarida brasiliensis [Brazilian Free-tailed Bat] SC Toxolasma pullus [Savannah Lilliput] T E Tritogonia verrucosa [Pistolgrip] E EX (extirpated) Villdsa constricta [Notched Rainbow] SR SC Villosa vaughaniana [Carolina Creekshell] SC E U.S. Status Changes on the Rare Animal List There have been no changes to the U.S. Status, in termns of listed taxa (E or T), since the 2001 NC NHP animal list. There have been some changes in the FSC (Federal Species of Concern) status, indicating a species that may or may not be listed in the future, but for which there is insufficient information to support listing at the present time. NC NHP has been working with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at the Raleigh and Asheville offices to make sure that we have the most up-to-date statuses, and working to suggest future additions to and deletions from the FSC list. Currently, we are working from the FWS list revised on March 16, 2004. From: To: Acronicta albarufa [Barrens Daggermoth] FSC Agrotis sp 1 nr buchholzi [a dart moth] FSC (listed by FWS as Agrotis buchholzi [Buchholz's Dart Moth] Ambloplites cavifrons [Roanoke Bass] FSC Atrytonopsis loammi [Loammi Skipper] - FSC Clinostomus fumduloides ssp 1 [Little Tennessee River FSC Rosyside Dace] Contopus cooperi [Olive-sided Flycatcher] FSC Desmognathus wrighti [Pigmy Salamander] FSC

95 From: To: Elimia interrupta [Knotty Elimia] FSC Ephemerella argo [Argo Ephemerellan Mayfly] FSC Etheostoma acuticeps [Sharphead Darter] FSC Etheostoma perlongum [Waccamaw Darter] FSC Etheostoma vulneratum [Wounded Darter] FSC Euchlaena milnei [Milne's Euchlaena] FSC FSC Lanius ludovicianus migrans [Migrant Loggerhead Shrike] FSC Lordithon niger [Black Lordithon Rove Beetle] FSC Notropis bifrenatus [Bridle Shiner] FSC Noturus furiosus [Carolina Madtom] FSC Percina burtoni [Blotchside Logperch] FSC Polyodon spathula [Paddlefish] FSC Semotilus lumbee [Sandhills Chub] FSC Skistodiaptomus carolinensis [Carolina Skistodiaptomus] FSC Thoburnia hamiltoni [Rustyside Sucker] FSC Toxolasma lividus [Purple Lilliput] FSC - (considered extirpated in North Carolina) Vermivora chrysoptera [Golden-winged Warbler] FSC NOTE: There are some additional changes to the FWS list of FSC taxa, but only those appearing on the NHP's Rare List and Watch List (and list of extirpated species) are indicated above. A few taxa on the FWS list - E, T, and FSC - are not found in this NHP publication; these are primarily taxa that occur only in offshore waters (such as whales or seabirds), are of uncertain occurrence in the state, or are of uncertain taxonomic status. Rank Changes on the Rare Animal List Between 2001 and 2004, the N.C. Natural Heritage Program has made numerous changes to the N.C. Ranks, as has NatureServe (formerly the science branch of The Nature Conservancy) to the Global Ranks. Only those chanres involving taxa formerly or presently considered extinct, extirpated, or of historical occurrence are listed below. However, taxa changing from SH to SX are not listed. From: To. Alasmidonta robusta [Carolina Elktoe] SX SI [recently re-discovered] Dolania americana [American Sand S1 SH [no records in 1974] Burrowing Mayfly] Hiodon tergisus [Mooneye] S1 SH [no records in over 20 years]

96 INDEX OF GENERA Abrostola .... .... 73 Bos . . ....... 82 Corynorhinus ........ 12,90,93 Accipiter ........ 15,61,85 Botaurus . ........ 16 Coryphaeschna ......... 72 Acipenser ........ 27,28, 83 Boyeria . . ....... 72 Cosmosoma ...... ... 74 Acrapex ... ..... 73 Bufo .... ..... 25,90 Cotts ..... .... 28, 87 Acroneuria .... .... 69 Cabera .... ..... 74 Coturnicops ....... .. 17 Acronicta ........ 49,73,94 Caecidotea .... ..... 41 Crotalus ...... ... 22,93 Aegolius ........ 15,93 Calephelis ......... 54,89 Cryphia ......... 74 Aeshna ........ 47 Cailophrys ......... 54,78, 89 Cryptobranchus ......... 25 Agapetus ........ 70 Callosamia .... ..... 50 Culoptila ......... 71 Agnetina ........ 69 Calopteryx .... ..... 73 Cyclonaias ......... 33, 93 Agrotis .... .... 49,94 Cambarus ..... 41,42,67,90,93 Cyclophora ......... 50 Aimophila ........ 15 Campephilus . ........ 82 Cycnia .... ..... 74 Alasmidonta ...... 32, 33,93,95 Canis .... ..... 12, 82 Cymocythere ........ . 42 Alligator .... .... 6,21 Canthocamptus . ........ 67 2Cyprinella ......... 28,65,92 Alloperla . . ...... 69 Carduelis .... ..... 62 Cytheridella ...... ... 67 Ambloplites ........ 28,94 Caretta .... ..... 22 Dactylocythere ......... 42,67 Amblyscirtes ........ 53, 78,89 Caripeta .... ..... 74 Dasychira ......... 74 Ambystoma ........ 25,86 Carpiodes . ........ 28 Datana .... ..... 74 Ameiurus .... .... 65 Catharus ......... 16, 84, 85 Deirochelys ......... 22 Ameletus . . ...... 68- Catinella . ........ 37,92 Dendroica ......... 17,62, 85 Ammodranus ........ 15,61 Catocala ......... 50,74 Dendrotettix ....... .. 79 Amnicola ....... . 37, 73 Celastrina ......... 54,78,92 Dermochelys ......... 23 Amphipyrinae ........ 49,73,74 Cemophora ......... 63,90 Desmognathus25, 64, 86,90,92,94 Anacamptodes ........ 49 Centroptilum ......... 68 Diacyclops ...... ... 42 Anas .... .... 61,62 Cepphis . . ....... 74 Dibusa .... ..... 46 Aneides . . ...... 25 Ceraclea ......... 45,46, 70,71 Diplectrona ......... 46 Anhinga .... .... 16 Ceratonyx . ........ 74 Diploperla ......... 70 Anodonta ........ 33,93 Ceratopsyche ......... 71 Discus ......... 38 Anthopotamus ........ 68 Cercobrachys ......... 44 Dolania ...... ... 44,95 Anticlea .... .... 74 Cerma . ........ 50 Dolichonyx . ......... 62 Apalone .... .... 21,63 Certhia .... ..... 16,93 Doryodes ........ . 50,75 Apamea . . ...... 49 Cervus ......... 61,92,93 Drasteria ......... 50 Apantesis ........ 49,74 Chaetaglaea ......... 50 Dromogomphus ......... 47,73 Aphylla . .......... 72 Charadrius .... ..... 16 Drunella ....... .. 44,68 Aplodinotus .... .... 28 Chelonia . ........ 22 Dysgonia ........ . 50,75 Appalachina .......... I 37 Chlorochroa ........... 58 Ectopistes ........ ... 82 Argillophora . ....... 74 Chlosyne ..... .... 54, 89 Egretta .... ..... 17 Argyrostrotis . ....... 74 Chondestes . ........ 16 Elanoides ......... 62, 85,90 Arigomphus .... .... 72 Choroterpes ......... 44 Elassoma .... 28 Arphia . . ...... 79 Chrysanympha ......... 74 Elimia ..... .... 37,95 Arugisa . . ...... 74 Chytonix . . ....... 74 Elliptio ......... 1,33,66,93 Ascetocythere . ....... 41 Cicindela .... ..... 58 Empidonax ......... 18,62, 85 Asio .... .... 62, 85 Cincinnatia . ........ 37 Enallagma ......... 49 Asioplax . . ...... ; 43 Circus ......... 16 Enneacanthus ......... 65 Atlanticus . . ...... 79 Cisthene .... ..... 74 Eotettix ...... I 57 Atrytone . . ...... 53 Clemmys ......... 22,63, 92 Ephemerella ......... 44,68,95 Atrytonopsis ........ 53,94 Cleora . . ....... 74 Epioblasma ......... 83,91 Attaneuria . . ...... 45 Clinostomus ......... 28,94 Epitheca ......... 73 Autochton . . ...... 54 Coccyzus .... ..... 16 Erastria ......... 75 Baetisca ...... . 43,44,68 Columbina .... ..... 16 Erethizon ..... .... 82 Baetopus . . ..... 44 Condylura . ........ 12 Eretmochelys ........ . 23 Barbaetis . . ..... 44 Contopus ......... 17, 85,94 Erimystax ......... 28 Belocephalus ... .... 79 Conuropsis . . ....... 82 Erora ......... 54 Bleptina .... ... 74 Cordulegaster . ........ 72 Erpetogomphus ......... 73. Bolotoperla . . .... 45 Cordulia . . ....... 47. Erynnis ......... 55,89,91 Bomolocha . . .... 74 Corvus .... ..... 62 Eschrichtius ...... ... 82

97 Etheostoma . 28,29,65, 87,90,95 Homoeoneuria ....... . 44 Lythrums .... ... 65,92 Euagrotis ...... .... 75 Homoplectra ........ 71 Macdunnoa ....... 44 Eubaphe .......... 50 Hubbellia .... .... 79 Macrochilo ......... 52, 76 Euchlaena .......... 51,95 Hybopsis ........ 30, 87, 88,92 Macrodiplax .......- i 73 Euchloe ........... 55,84,90 Hydroperla ........ 70 Macromia ...... 48 Eucoptocnemis .......... 75 Hydroptila .... .... 71 Malaclemys ... ... 23 Eudocimus ....... ... 62 Hyla ........ 26,64, 90,92 Manophylax ...... 46 Eulonchus .......... 49 Hypagyrtis .... .... S1 Martes ........ ... 82 Eumeces...... .... 63 Hypentelium ........ 30, 88 Masticophis ... ... 23 Euphydryas ....... 55 Hypochilus ........ 40 Matrioptila ...... 46 Euphyes .55,89 Hypocoena ....... . 75 Mayatrichia ...... 71 Eupithecia .51 Hypomecis ....... 5.1,75 Medionidus .... .. 83, 91 Eurycea ....... 26,64, 86,92,93 Ichthyomyzon ........ 30,88 Megaleuctra ... ... 45 Eurylophella ....... 68 Icterus ........ 62 Megathymus ..... . 56,78 Euxoa ... .... 51,75 Ictinia ........ 18 Melanoplus ...... 57, 58,79 Exoglossum .... ... 29 Ictiobus .... .... 30, 90 Menidia .. .... 30 Exyra ... .... 51,75 Idaea ........ 75 Mermiria ... ... 79, 80 Falco ... .... 18,62 Inflectarius ....... . 38,90 Meropleon ... ... 52,76 Farancia .... ... 64,91 Inscudderia ........ 79 Metalectra ...... 76 Faronta ....... 75 Isogenoides ........ 70 Metalepsis ... ... 76 Ferrissia ....... 37 Isoperla .... .... 45,70 Metarranthis ...... 52 Fixsenia ... .... SS Itame ........ 51 Micrasema ....... 46 Fumonelix ... .... 38 Ixobrychus ...... ... 62 Microhexura .40 Fundulus ....... 29,30, 87,92 Kinostemon ..... ... 64 Micropterus .30 Fusconaia .... ... 34,93 Lagoa ... .11..... Microtus .13 Gabara ... .... 51,75 Lampetra ......... '.30,93 Micrurus . - 24,94 Glaucomys ... .... 12 Lampropeltis ........ 23, 64,91 Molanna .71 Glaucopsyche ....... 78 Lampsilis ........ 34,66,91,93 Montezumua .58 Glyphyalinia ....... 38 Lanius ....... .: 19,95 Morrisonia .76 Glyptemys ....... 22,23,92 Lanthus ........ 48 Moxostoma ....... ;.. 30,65,94 Goerita ....... 71 Lasionycteris ........ 12,90 Mustela .13,61 Gomphus ....... 47,48,73,92 Lasiurus ........ 12,61,90 Mycteria .19, 86 Gonielmis .... ... 80, 91 Lasmigona .... .... 35 Myotis .13, 92 Grammia ...........- S 51 Laterallus ........ 19 Nannothemis .73 Gyraulus .66,91 Lepidochelys ...... .. 23 Nectopsyche .71 Habrophlebiodes .44 Lepipolys ........ 75 Necturus .26 Haematopus .18,90 Lepomis ..... ... 65,83 Nematocampa .52 Haliaeetus .18,93 Leptodea ..... ... 35,93 Nemoria .52,76 Haplotrema .38 Leptophlebia ........ 68,69 Neoconocephalus .80 Harpagocythere .67 Leptostales ........ 75 Neonympha .56, 78 Helicodiscus .38 Leptoxis ........ 37 Neophylax .71 Helicopsyche .71 Lepus .... .... 82,92 Neoplynes .76 Helioiata .51 Lestes . ....... 49,73 Neotoma .13, 14 Helisoma .37,93 Leucania ........ 75 Neottchia .71 Helmitheros .62 Libellula ........ 48, 73,90 Nerodia .24, 86 Helopicus .70 Ligumia ........ 35,94 Nesticus ...... 40,41,66,67,93 Hemeroplanis .51 Limnothlypis ...... .. 62 Neurocordulia ........ 48 Hemidactylium .26 Liochlorophis ........ 23,24,93 Nicrophorus ........ 58 Hemipachnobia .51 Lithacodia ........ 75 Nixe ... ..... 69 Hepialus .51 Lithophane ....... . 51, 76 Nocomis ..... ... 65,91 Hesperia ... . -. ,.56,78 Litoprosopus ........ 76 Notondontidae ........ 76 Hesperodiaptomus .67 Lobocleta .... .... 76 Notropis ... 30,31,65, 88,91, 95 Hesperotettix ........ '.79 Lophodytes ....... . 62,91 Noturus ........ 31,88,93,95 Heterandria .30 Lordithon ...... .. 58,95 Nyctanassa ........ 63 Heterocampa .51 Lordocythere ...... .. 67 Oecetis .... .... 71,72 Heterocloeon .68 Loxia .... .... 19,94 Oemopteryx .... .... 70 Heterodon ..... . 23,32,93 Lucania ........ 30 Oligia ... ..... 76 Himantopus ... ... 18 Luxilus ........ 30 Ophiogomphus ........ 48 Hiodon ... 30,95 Lynceus .... .... 42 Ophisaurus ........ 24, 64,86

98 Opshomala ........ 80 Pyrgus . . ....... 57 Tarachidia ........ 77 Orchelimum ........ 80 Quadrula ......... 83, 91 Thoburmia ...... .. 32, 95 Orconectes .... 43,67,90,93,94 Rallus . . ....... 63 Thorybes ........ 79 Orgyia ........ 76 Rana ......... 27, 87, 93,94 Thryomanes ..... ... 21 Oropsyche .... .... 72 Regina .... ..... 24 Tolype ... ..... 77 Orthemis ........ 73 Regulus .... ..... 63,94 Tomos .... .... 53, 77 Palaeagapetus ........ 46 Rhadinaea . .. 64 Tortopus ........ 45 Pallifera .... .... 39 Rhithrogena ......... 69 Toxolasma .... 36, 83, 91, 94, 95 Paonias ........ 76 Rhyacophila ......... 46,47,72 Trechus ....... . 80,81,92 Papaipema ....... . 52,76 Riparia .... ..... 20 Triacanthagyna ........ 73 Papilio ... ..... 56 Romalea . ........ 80 Triaenodes ....... . 47, 12 Paracloeodes ........ 69 Rynchops .... ..... 20 Trichechus .... .... 15 Paragnetina ........ 70 Sander .... ..... 32,93 Trichosilia . ....... 53 Parahypenodes ....... . 76 Satyrium . . ....... 57 Tricorythodes ........ 69 Paravitrea ........ 39 Scartomyzon ......... 32,94 Trimerotropis ...... .. 58 Passerculus ....... . 19,86 Schinia ......... 52, 76, 77 Triodopsis ...... .. 39,40 Passerina ..... ... 16,19 Schizura . ........ 52 Tripudia ....... . 77 Patera ........ 39 Sciurus . . ....... 14 Tritogonia ........ 83, 91, 94 Pegias ........ 35 Scopula . . ....... 77 Troglodytes ........ 63 Pelecanus ...... .. 19,94 Scudderia ......... 58, 80 Tyto ... ..... 63 Percina .... 31,65, 83, 88,91,95 Seminatrix .... ..... 24 Ulolonche ........ 77 Perlesta ........ 70 Semiothisa ......... 52,77 Vaejovis ..... 67 Perlinella...4 .... 45 Semotilus ......... 32, 95 Valvata .40, 93 Peromyscus ....... . 14,94 Serratella .... ..... 44 Ventridens .40 Phalacrocorax ........ 19 Setodes . . 72 Vermivora .......... 21,86,95 Phenacobius ........ 31, 65, 88 Shipsa . . ....... 70 Viehoperla .... .... 70 Pheucticus .... .... 63 Siphloplecton . . 69 Villosa .... .... 36, 94 Phragmatiphila ........ 52 Siren ......... 64, 77, 87,91 Vireo ... ..... 21 Phyciodes ........ 56, 78, 84,90 Sistrurus ......... 24,94 Virginia ..... ... 64,91 Picoides ... ..... 20 Sitta . . .....63 Viviparus ...... .. 37,90 Pimaphera ........ 76 Skistodiaptomus ........ 43,95 Waltoncythere ....... . 43 Pituophis .... .... 24 Somatochlora . ........ 48 Wormaldia .... .... 72 Planorbella ........ 37 Somatogyrus . ........ 37 Xestia ........ 77 Plauditus ........ 69 Sorex ......... 14,61,92,94 Yugus ........ 70 Plegadis ... ..... 20 Spartiniphaga . ........ 53 Zale ... ..... 53,77 Plethodon 26, 27, 64, 86, 87, 90, 91 Speyeria ......... 57,79, 89,92 Zanclognatha ....... . 77 Pleurobema ....... . 35,94 Sphaeriurr ......... 35,90 Zapada ........ 45 Poanes ... ..... 56 Sphingicampa . ........ 77 Zapus ... ..... 61 Poecile ... ..... 20 Sphinx .... .. 76,77 Zonitoides ........ 40 Polygonia ...... .. 56, 57 Sphyrapicus ...... 20,94 Polyodon ...... .. 32,95 Spilogale . . .... 61 Pontia ........ 78 Spilosoma . . .... 77 Pooecetes ........ 20 Spiza ...... 63 Porphyrula .. 20 Stenelmis ..... . 58, 80,91 Problema .57, 78 Stenonema . .69 . Procambarus .. . 43, 67, 68, 90, 94 Stenotrema ...... 39, 66,91 Progomphus .48 Stereochilus ...... 64,91 Promenetus .66,91 Sterna ........... 20,21,63,94 Properigea .76 Sternotherus . . 24 Pseudacris .27,64 Stethophyma . . ..... 58 Pseudiron .69 Stiria . . ..... 77 Pseudogoera .72 Strophitus . . ..... 36 Psilotreta .72 Stygobromus ....... 43,68 Pteronarcys. 70 Stylurus ...... . 48,49,73 Ptichodis .52 Sylvilagus ... .... 15, 93 Ptychobranchus .83,91 Sympetrum . . 49 Puma .14 Synaptomys. 15,61 Pygarctia. 52 Syngrapha.. 77 Pyreferra .52,76 Tachycineta ...... 63, 91

I I 99 NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM SPECIAL ANIMAL SURVEY FORM Scientific Name: Common Name: Observer(s): Date(s) of Observation: County: 7.5' Quad Map: Exact Location (be specific! - attach copy of map with site marked): Number of Animals (include age and sex, if known): Type of Observation (sight record, vocal record, specimen, photograph, etc.): Behavior of Animals (singing, foraging, at nest, etc.): Habitat (use NC NHP natural community name if known; describe dominant vegetation, maturity of vegetation, slope, aspect, etc.): Owner(s) of Land, if known: Other Comments (significance of record, disturbance to habitat, etc.): Person making this report: Date: Address: Phone: Return form to: N.C. Natural Heritage Program 1601 MSC; Raleigh, NC 27699-1601

4

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                                                                           -(,r resh- 4 i F"*

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMAL SPECIES OF NORTH CAROLINA

                                              - 2004 Tar River Spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana) drawing by R. Tumlison; courtesy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Compiled by Harry E. LeGrand, JrJ, Vertebrate Zoologist Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMAL SPECIES OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Compiled by Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Vertebrate Zoologist Sarah E. McRae, Freshwater Ecologist Stephen P. Hall, Invertebrate Zoologist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as further data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list for various {reasons. the list is revised periodically, generally every two years. If you are using a clpy of this list that is dated 2001 or older, it might be invalid and you should request a new version. Further information on these species may be obtained By contacting the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601, or by contacting the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1724 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27604-1724. Additional information on species can be obtained from the Natural Heritage Program's website at <www.ncsparks.netlnhp>.

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................. I 1................. LIST FORMAT 3 STATUS OF ANIMAL TAXA ON NHP RARE ANIMAL LIST ........................ 10 M AMM ALS ............................................... 12 BIRDS ............................................... 15 REPTILES ................................................ 21 AMPHIBIANS .....  : 25 FRESHWATER FISHES ........................... 27 MOLLUSKS ........................... 32 FRESHWATER BIVALVES ............................ 32 FRESHWATER GASTROPODS ........................... 37 TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS ............................ 37 ARACHNIDS ........................... 40 CRUSTACEANS ........................... 41 INSECTS ........................... 43 MAYFLIES ............................ 43 STONEFLIES ................................... 45 CADDISFLIES ................................... 45 DRAGONFLIES ................................... 47 DAMSELFLIES ................................... 49 FLIES ................................... 49 MOTHS ................................... 49 BUnfERFIUES ................................... 53 GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS ................................... 57 BEETLES ................................... I 58 TRUE BUGS ................................... 58 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST ................................... 59 MAMMALS ................................... 61 BIRDS ........................................ 61 REPTILES ........................................ 63 AMPHIBIANS ........................................ 04 FRESHWATER FISHES ........................................ 65 MOLLUSKS ........................................ 66 FRESHWATER BIVALVES ........................................ 66 FRESHWATER GASTROPODS ........................................ 66 TERRESTRLAL GASTROPODS ....................................... 66

ii ARACHNIDS ................................ 66 CRUSTACEANS ................................ 67 INSECTS ................................ 68 MAYFLIES ................................ 68 STONEFLIES ............................... 69 CADDISFLIES ............................... 70 DRAGONFLIES ............................... 72 DAMSELFLIES ................................ 73 MOTHS ................................ 73 BUTITERFLIES ............................... 78 GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS ................................ 79 BEETLES ............................... 80 EXTIRPATED ANIMALS IN NORTH CAROLINA .82 MAMMALS .82 BIRDS .82 FRESHWATER FISHES .83 MOLLUSKS .83 FRESHWATER BIVALVES .83 POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA ANIMALS .84 MAMMALS .84 BIRDS .85 REPTILES .86 AMPHIBIANS .86 FISHES .87 INSECTS .88 BUTITERFLLES .88 SIGNIFICANT 2004 REVISIONS TO THE ANIMAL LIST .90 INDEX OF GENERA ............................. 96 NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM SPECIAL ANIMAL SURVEY FORM ............................................ 99

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Portions of this list have been developed with the assistance of biologists in North Carolina and elsewhere. Scientific Councils for each vertebrate group and several invertebrates groups compiled the bulk of the rare species lists (for N.C. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species). Members of the current Scientific Councils are: MAMMALS -- Mary Kay Clark (chair), Mary Bunch, Susan Loeb, Chris McGrath, Nancy Moncrief, Nora Murdock, Roger Powell, Terry Sharpe, David Webster, Peter Weigl. Former members: David Adams, Bill Adams, Carl Betsill, John Funderburg. BIRDS -- Dave Lee (chair), Dave Allen, John Gerwin, Walker Golder, Herb Hendrickson, Mark Johns, Harry LeGrand, Merrill Lynch, Jim Parnell, Eloise Potter, Matt Rowe, Ted Simons, Haven Wiley. Former members: Allen Boynton, Phil Crutchfield, Tom Howard, Wayne Irvin, Jeff Walters. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES -- Alvin Braswell (chair), Jeff Beane, Ruth Boettcher, Dick Bruce, Julian Harrison, Harold Heatwole, Dennis Herman, Wilson Laney, Nora Murdock, Dave Stephan, Wayne Van Devender, Dave Woodward. Former members: Bill Palmer, Jim Parnell. FRESHWATER FISHES -- Wayne Starnes (chair), John Alderman, Brooks Burr, David Etnier, Robert Jenkins, David Lindquist, Ed Menhinick, Anthony Mullis, Richard Neves, Richard Noble, Bill Palmer, Gerald Pottern, Fred Rohde, Steve Ross. Former members: Alvin Braswell, Peter Coleman, Jerry West. MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES - Steve Ross (chair), Fred Rohde, David Lindquist. FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS -- Art Bogan (chair), Bill Adams, John Alderman, Dick Biggins, John Fridell, Eugene Keferl, Hugh Porter, Amy Van Devender. Former member: Andy Gerberich. FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL CRUSTACEANS - John Clamp (chair), Bill Adams, John Alderman, John Cooper, David DeMont, Chris McGrath, Bill McLarney, Gabriela Mottesi, Janet Reid, Annette Taylor, Jan Williams. John Cooper (crayfishes), Dale Schweitzer (various groups but especially moths), Bo Sullivan (butterflies and moths), and Duncan Cuyler (dragonflies and damselflies) have been especially helpful in assisting the Natural Heritage Program in the development of many of the invertebrate lists of rare species. Also, the Biological Monitoring group of the N.C. Division of Water Quality (especially Trish MacPherson, Kathy Herring, Dave Lenat, and Dave Penrose) drafted the lists of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies for the previous (2001) publication; and Lenat drafted lists of additional aquatic insects, including beetles, for this 2004 publication. In addition to those above who helped compile the rare species lists, other persons need to be acknowledged for providing data on rare species. Those who have made significant contributions (and not already listed above) include: Janice Allen, Hal Bain, Susan Campbell, Mark Cantrell, Derb Carter, Jay Carter, Therese Conant, Sam Cooper, Bob Curie, Ricky Davis; Bob Dellinger, Phil Doerr, Aimee Fullerton, John Fussell, L.L. Gaddy, Ron Gatrelle, Gilbert Grant, Nelson Hairston, Paul Hart, Scott Hartley, Tom Henson, Richard Highton, Erich Hoffman, Cato Holler, Donna Hollingsworth, Joshua Laerm, Kevin Markham, Doug McNair, Jeff Nekola, Tom Padgett, Jesse Perry, Judith Ratcliffe, Bob Rose, Mara Savacool, Tim Savidge, Frank Schwartz, Rowland Shelley, Mark Simpson, Alan Smith, Ann Somers, Bob Soots, Phil Spivey, Simon Thompson, Bryn Tracy, Brian Watson, Logan Williams, Chris Wilson, Randy Wilson. Biologists who provided input for suggested changes to this 2004 list (in addition to the Natural Heritage Program biologists) are: Jeff Beane, Bryn Tracy, John Cooper, John Gerwin, Mark Johns, Seth Lambiase, Dave Lenat, Trish MacPherson, Chris McGrath, Wayne Starnes, and David Webster.

1 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA INTRODUCTION The attached list of animals represents those species of vertebrates and invertebrates for which the N.C. Natural Heritage Program (NC NHP) is collecting data - in files, on computer, and on topographic maps. This is not strictly a list of protected animals; in fact, the majority of these species receive no formal protection whatsoever. Rather, it is a list of species that are endangered, threatened, or otherwise occur in small or unknown numbers in the state. The primary functions of the list are its use: 1) in determining priorities of inventory and protection for these animals - including the proposed listing of species for federal or state protection; 2) in determining priorities for protection of natural areas that contain such listed animals; and 3) in environmental assessments to "flag" rare species and their locations that might be negatively affected by proposed actions. The majority of the vertebrates on the list are those species currently listed for state protection by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC), based on lists of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), and Special Concern (SC) species developed nearly l5 years ago by Scientific Councils on mamnals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, freshwater fishes, and mollusks. All of these species are included on this list, with the corresponding status listed in the "N.C. Status" column. (In addition, NC NHP is tracking other rare vertebrates and mollusks not given a formal state designation. These species are considered to be Significantly Rare [SRI in North Carolina.) As of March 2004, Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, and crustaceans are protected by state law, under the jurisdiction of the WRC. Protection for crustaceans (so far, only crayfishes) and certain venomous snakes was enacted in 2002. However, State law does not allow for protection of invertebrate groups other than mollusks and crustaceans. During 1997 and 1998, the Scientific Councils re-convened, prepared updated lists of species needing State protection, and submitted these lists to the WRC's Nongame Wildlife Advisory Committee. These lists were sent to the WRC for review; and approved in 1999. A recent change in State law requires any proposed legislation (such as lists of Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species) must go to the State General Assembly; if there is no action by that body to overturn proposed legislation by a specified date, the legislation becomes law. Fortunately, these lists became law on July 1, 2002. Since that date, a few Scientific Councils have met and made suggestions (though not formally) for changes in state statuses; those statuses are listed in parentheses next to the current status. The list of rare marine and estuarine fishes was presented in 1988 by the N.C. Museum of Natural Sciences. Except for the federally listed Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon, all other marine and estuarine fishes were listed in 1988 as "Vulnerable, Category 2". Because the Atlantic Sturgeon also occurs in fresh waters, it has been listed by WRC as a Special Concern species, and thus it is listed in this publication under Freshwater Fishes (as is the state Endangered Shortnose Sturgeon). Marine and estuarine fishes are under the jurisdiction of the N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries; however, this agency does not have a list of endangered, threatened, and special concern fishes. Beginning with this 2004

2 list, the NC NHP is no longer tracking (nor including on the Watch List) marine and estuarine fishes. This decision is not due to their lack of state listing; rather, we receive few data on such species, survey for such species can be cumbersome, protection of them is difficult if not impossible, and there has no been no recent systematic account of the rarity and distribution of the hundreds of such fishes that occur in our salt and brackish waters. NC NHP lists of rare invertebrates - other than mollusks and crustaceans - have been derived from multiple sources. These lists have been prepared in consultation with other biologists in North Carolina and in the eastern United States. Because none of the invertebrates -- other than mollusks and crayfishes -- have been given legal state protection by WRC as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern, these species are given a status of Significantly Rare by NC NHP. For the same reasons as for marine and estuarine fishes given above, the NC NHP is no longer keeping marine invertebrates on its Rare or Watch lists. NC NHP has also removed millipedes, scorpionflies, most beetles, ants, and annelids from its Watch List, primarily due to lack of new data on them and the apparent lack or scarcity of biologists working with these groups to provide data or provide updated lists of rare taxa.

3 LIST FORMAT Species are grouped by major taxa. The vertebrates are arranged by class, beginning with the most advanced phylogenetically (mammals). Within a given taxa, species are listed alphabetically by scientific name. The following information is presented for each species on the list. "Status" is a word or phrase that indicates the degree of protection (if any), based on rarity, of a species; "rank" is a numerical scale of the rarity of a species, regardless of legal protection. Scientific Name. Common Name. For most groups, these names are not standardized. North Carolina Status. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, freshwater and terrestrial mollusks, and crustaceans have legal protection status in North Carolina (Wildlife Resources Commission). In addition to the above categories, the Natural Heritage Program maintains computer and map files on Significantly Rare species, as well as species considered Extirpated. Paper files only are maintained for a few of the above species; these species are indicated by the phrase "not tracking." STATUS STATUS DEFINITION CODE E Endangered "Any native or once-native species of wild animal whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's fauna is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to be in jeopardy or any species of wild animal determined to be an 'endangered species' pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). T Threatened "Any native or once-native species of wild animal which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range, or one that is designated as a threatened species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). SC Special Concern "Any species of wild animal native or once-native to North Carolina which is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to require monitoring but which may be taken under regulations adopted under the provisions of this Article." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987). P_ Proposed Species has been proposed by a Scientific Council as a status (Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, Watch List, or for De-listing) that is different from the current status, but the status has not yet been adopted by the General Assembly as law. In the lists of rare species in this book, these proposed statuses are listed in parentheses below the current status. Only those proposed statuses that are different from the current statuses are listed.

4 ST 'ATUS STATUS DEFINITION ODE SR Significantly Any species which has not been listed by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Rare Commission as an Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern species, but which exists in the state in small numbers and has been determined by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitoring. (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation.) Significantly Rare species include "peripheral" species, whereby North Carolina lies at the periphery of the species' range (such as Hermit Thrush). EX Extirpated A species which is no longer believed to occur in the state. (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation, though WRC also uses this status; the NHP list includes those on the WRC list.) W Watch List Any other species believed to be of conservation concern in the state because of scarcity, declining populations, threats to populations, or inadequacy of information to assess its rarity (see page 59 for a more complete discussion). (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation.) G Species is a game animal, and therefore (by law) cannot be listed for State protection as E, T, or SC.

5 United States Status. This status is designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Federally listed Endangered and Threatened species are protected under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended through the 100th Congress. Unless otherwise noted, definitions are taken from the FederalRegister, Vol. 56, No. 225, November 21, 1991 (50 CFR Part 17). STATUS STATUS DEFINITION CODE E Endangered A taxon "which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (Endangered Species Act, Section 3). T Threatened A taxon "which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (Endangered Species Act, Section 3). FSC (Federal) "... the Service is discontinuing the designation of Category 2 species as Species of candidates in this notice. The Service remains concerned about these Concern species, but further biological research and field study are needed to [also known as resolve the conservation status of these taxa. Many species of concern Species at Risk] will be found not to warrant listing, either because they are not threatened or endangered or because they do not qualify as species under the definition in the [Endangered Species] Act. Others may be found to be in greater danger of extinction than some present candidate taxa. The Service is working with the States and other private and public interests to assess their need for protection under the Act. Such species are the pool from which future candidates for listing will be drawn." (FederalRegister, February 28, 1996). The Service suggests that such taxa be considered as "Species of Concern" or "Species at Risk", neither of which has official status. The N.C. Natural Heritage Program uses "(Federal) Species of Concern" in this document for those taxa formerly considered as Category 2. P_ Proposed Species proposed in the FederalRegister as a status different from its current Federal status.

6 STATUS STATUS DEFINITION CODE T (S/A) Threatened due "Section 4 (e) of the [Endangered Species] Act authorizes the treatment to Similarity of of a species (subspecies or population segment) as endangered or Appearance threatened even though it is not otherwise listed as endangered or threatened if -- (a) the species so closely resembles in appearance an endangered or threatened species that enforcement personnel would have substantial difficulty in differentiating between the listed and unlisted species; (b) the effect of this substantial difficulty is an additional threat to an endangered or threatened species; and (c) such treatment of an unlisted species will substantially facilitate the enforcement and further the policy of the Act." (FederalRegister, November 4, 1997). [The American Alligator is listed as T (S/A) due to Similarity of Appearance with other rare crocodilians, and the southern population of the Bog Turtle is listed as T (S/A) due to Similarity of Appearance with the northern population of the Bog Turtle (which is federally listed as Threatened and which does not occur in North Carolina).] XN Nonessential "Section 10 (j) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, Experimental provides for the designation of introduced populations of federally listed Population species as nonessential experimental. This designation allows for greater flexibility in the management of these populations by local, state, and Federal agencies. Specifically, the requirement for Federal agencies to avoid jeopardizing these populations by their actions is eliminated and allowances for taking the species are broadened." (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1995). D De-listed Species has been proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for de-listing from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. However, at the present time, the species is still on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and is thus protected under the Endangered Species Act. Because such species still have legal Federal protection, the NHP will maintain existing records on the species, though new records might not necessarily be added. If the status becomes law prior to the next publication of the NHP Rare Animal List, the Program will remove the Federal designation from its database (and thus the species will no longer appear on printouts of Federally listed species). NHP may or may not continue to track the species, depending on its legal State status and other factors such as overall abundance and range in the state.

7 North Carolina Rank. North Carolina ranks are based on The Nature Conservancy's system of measuring rarity and threat status. This system is widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity at the state level. State ranks are assigned by biologists within each Natural Heritage Program. RANK NUMBER OF DESCRIPTION EXTANT POPULATIONS Si 1-5 Critically imperiled in North Carolina because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation from North Carolina. S2 6-20 Imperiled in North Carolina because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation from North Carolina. S3 21-100 Rare or uncommon in North Carolina. S4 100-1000 Apparently secure in North Carolina, with many occurrences. S5 1000+ Demonstrably secure in North Carolina and essentially ineradicable under present conditions. SA 1-? Accidental or casual; one to several records for North Carolina, but the state is outside the normal range of the species. SH 0? Of historical occurrence in North Carolina, perhaps not having been verified in the past 20 years, and suspected to be still extant. SR -- Reported from North Carolina, but without persuasive documentation which would provide a basis for either accepting or rejecting the report. SX 0 Apparently extirpated from North Carolina. SU -- Possibly in peril in North Carolina but status uncertain; need more information. S? -- Unranked, or rank uncertain. _B 1-? Rank of the breeding population in the state. Used for migratory species only. _N 1-? Rank of the non-breeding population in the state. Used for migratory species only. _Z_ 1-? Population is not of significant conservation concern. For example, the status "SZN" indicates that the population in the non-breeding seasons (generally in migration or in winter) is transitory, without any regular locales of occurrence whereby the species can be protected. Where a number is listed with the "B" or "N" modifier, there are definable locales of occurrence that can be identified for protection.

8 Global Rank. Global ranks are assigned by NatureServe (formerly the science branch of The Nature Conservancy) staff biologists and contract biologists, based on a consensus of scientific experts, the individual natural heritage programs, and the Natural Heritage Network. Global ranks apply to the status of a species throughout its range, and are based on data on the species' status rangewide. This system is widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity throughout its range. NOTE: Global ranks in brackets are those suggested by Scientific Councils in North Carolina, or by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program, and are not NatureServe's assigned ranks. These suggested ranks are listed below the TNC assigned ranks. In some cases, these suggested ranks were made to indicate that the Global Rank perhaps should be changed, with the taxa apparently more common in North Carolina than the Global Rank will allow (i.e., a rank of S3 G2 isn't technically allowed; thus, the global rank is suggested to be G3.) RANK NUMBER OF DESCRIPTION EXTANT POPULATIONS G1 1-5 Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. G2 6-20 Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. G3 21-100 Either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range (e.g., a single physiographic region) or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. G4 100-1000 Apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. G5 1000+ Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare inparts of its range, especially at the periphery. GH 0? Of historical occurrence throughout its range, i.e., formerly part of the established biota, with the expectation that it may be rediscovered. GX 0 Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g., Passenger Pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. GU -- Possibly in peril range-wide, but status uncertain; more information is needed. G?-- Unranked, or rank uncertain. GQ- Questionable taxonomic assignment. T_ -- The rank of a subspecies or variety. As an example, G4T1 would apply to a subspecies of a species with an overall rank of G4, but the subspecies warranting a rank of Gl.

9 Physiographic Province/Region. The provinces/regions in which the animal is known to occur are indicated. This should not be regarded as the only province(s) or region(s) of the state in which the species could occur; our knowledge of the fauna of North Carolina, especially the invertebrates, is still very imperfect. The provinces are abbreviated as follows: M Mountains All parts of North Carolina west of the foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment. P Piedmont All parts of North Carolina east of the foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment and west of the Fall Line, including outlying "foothill" ranges, such as the Brushy, Uwharrie, and Sauratown mountains. S Sandhills The southwestern portion of the Coastal Plain province consisting mostly of deep aeolian sands of the Middendorf and Pinehurst formation (portions of Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond, Scotland, and Montgomery counties). The Sandhills are actually part of the Coastal Plain but are here distinguished because of their distinctive geomorphology and vegetation. C Coastal Plain All parts of North Carolina east of the Fall Line, but excluding the Sandhills region and those portions associated with tidal water (ocean, sounds, barrier islands, and mainland brackish or salt marshes). T Tidewater That part of the state associated with tidal water, such as the ocean and barrier islands, sounds, estuaries, and mainland brackish or salt marshes. Habitat. The known, or the most typical, habitats are described briefly; as with provinces, these should not be regarded as the only possible habitats of the species in the state. Counties of occurrence. Following the description of habitats is a listing, in parentheses, of the known counties of occurrence of the records in the Natural Heritage Program database. For most vertebrate species, this listing of counties is complete or reasonably complete. However, for many invertebrates, and a few vertebrates (generally those newly added to the Rare List), there is no listing of counties, as records have yet to be added to the database. Where county names appear in brackets, records from these counties have not yet been added to the database.) Counties in which the element was last observed more than 20 years ago are marked with an asterisk (*). The asterisk does not necessarily mean that the species no longer exists in that county; simply, it means that the date of the last observation available to the Natural Heritage Program from that county is 1983 or earlier. Counties where no date of occurrence (e.g., data from an atlas/dot map) is available are marked with a plus (+). Without additional information, the Program has no way of knowing whether such data should be considered as current or historic (marked with *). Records from such references, atlases, and other lists that were published or made available to the Program from 1983 or earlier should be considered as historic, but the Program has not yet updated the database for these obscure date records.

10 - STATUS OF ANIMAL TAXA ON NHP RARE ANIMAL LIST (as of March, 2004) For names and definitions of statuses, see pages 3-5. Numbers in the table indicate number of taxa - generally species - for each group and status. Because many taxa have both an N.C. and a U.S. status, totals cannot be added across a complete line. Total Number N.C. Status U.S. Status Group of Species 7 (rounded to I I nearest five) E T SC SR E T FSC Marnmals 120 6 2 11 11 7 0 8 Birds 450 5 4 16 30 3 2 13 Reptiles 70 5 4 11 4 3 4 4 Amphibians 90 1 4 12 11 0. 0 5 Freshwater 245 9 13 26 19. 2 2 26 Fishes Freshwater 19 10 6 7 7 0 11 Bivalves 75 Freshwaterand 250+ 4 10 24 9 0 1 10 Terrestrial Gastropods . Arachnids  ? 0 0 0 I 1 0 1 Crustaceans  ? [45J O [0 O [0] 0 [8 19 0 0 10 [Crayfishes] Mayflies 9 0 0 0 16 0 0 1

11 Stoneflies  ? 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 Caddisflies  ? 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 Dragonflies 190 0 0 0 37 0 0 8 and Damselflies Flies l 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Moths  ? 0 0 0 70 0 0 4 Butterflies 170 0 0 0 38 1 0 8 Grasshoppers  ? 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 and Katydids Beetles  ? 0 0 0 5 1 0 True Bugs  ? 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 (Totals [  ? 49 l 47 l 114 J 325 Il 25 l 1 110

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 12 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global MAMMALS Canis rufus Red Wolf SR E-XN SI GI CM: swamps, pocosins, extensive forests (Beaufort+, Dare, Hyde, Tyrrell, Washington) Condyluracristatapop I Star-nosed Mole - Coastal Pla in SC - S2 G5T2Q SC: moist meadows, bogs, swamps, population bottomlands [mountain population not of concern] (Bladen, Brunswick, Currituck*, Dare, Hoke, Mecklenburg*, Moore*, New Hanover*, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson, Scotland*, Wake, Washington*) Corynorhinus rafinesquiimacrotis Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat - T FSC S3 G3G4T? CS: roosts in hollow trees, old Coastal Plain subspecies buildings, and beneath bridges, usually near water (Beaufort*, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Chowan, Columbus*, Dare, Gates, Hoke+, Martin, Pender, Perquimans, Richmond, Robeson, Tyrrell, Washington, Wayne*) Corynorhinus rafinesquii rafinesquii Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat - T FSC S2 G3G4T? M: roosts in caves, mines, and hollow Mountain subspecies trees, usually near water (Alexander*, Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Graham, Macon, Madison*, Swain, Transylvania*) Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus Virginia Big-eared Bat E E SI G4T2 M: roosts in caves (and rarely in mines), especially in limestone areas (Avery, Watauga+, Yancey) Glaucomys sabrinuscoloratus Carolina Northern Flying Squiirrel E E S2 G5TI M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired Bat SR S2?B,S4N G5 MP: roosts near water in tree cavities, clumps of leaves, crevices, etc. [breeding season only] (records not yet entered) Lasiurus cinereus Hoary Bat SR Sl?B,S3?N G5 M: rnid- to high elevations [breeding season only] (records not yet entered) Lasiurus intermedius Northern Yellow Bat SR SU G4G5 CP: roosts in Spanish moss and other thick vegetation near water, often in . longleaf pine habitats (Mecklenburg, New Hanover)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 13 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Microtus chrotorrhinuscarolinensis Southern Roc k Vole SC FSC S3 G4T3 M: rocky areas at high elevations, forests or fields (Avery, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*, Swain+, Yancey) Mustela nivalis Least Weasel SR S2 G5 M: fields and forests, mostly at high elevations (Avery*, Buncombe, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson+, Madison*, Mitchell*, Watauga, Yancey*) Myotis austroriparius Southeastern IM4yotis SC FSC S3 G3G4 CP: roosts in buildings, hollow trees; forages near water (Bertie, Bladen, Chowan+, Clay, Columbus, Gates, Halifax, Martin, New Hanover, Pender, Robeson, Wake*) Myotis grisescens Gray Myotis E E SA G3 M: roosts in caves; forages mainly over open water (Buncombe*) Myotis leibii Eastern Small--footed Myotis SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 M: roosts in hollow trees (warmer months), in caves and mines (winter) (Alleghany*, Avery, Buncombe*, Graham, Henderson, Macon, Rutherford, Swain, Wilkes, Yancey) Myotis septentrionalis Northern Lonj g-eared Myotis SC S3 G4 MP: roosts in hollow trees and buildings (warmer months), in caves and mines (winter) (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Graham, Henderson, Macon, Polk, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Wake*, Watauga, Wilkes) Myotis sodalis Indiana Myoti!3 E E SUB,SZN G2 M: roosts in hollow trees or under loose bark (warmer months), in caves (winter) (Graham, Jackson*, Mitchell*, Rutherford, Swain) Neotomafloridanafloridana Eastern WoodiIat - Coastal Plain T - SI G5T5 C: forests, mainly in moist areas population (Brunswick*, Carteret*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Neotomafloridana haematoreia Eastern Woodr -at- Southern SC FSC S3 G5T4Q MP: rocky places in deciduous or Appalachian npopulation mixed forests, in southern mountains and adjacent Piedmont (Buncombe, Burke, Catawba, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania)

14 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Neotoma magister Apt )alachian Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 MP: rocky places and abandoned buildings in deciduous or mixed forests in the northern mountains and adjacent Piedmont (Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell+, Iredell, McDowell, Mitchell+, Watauga, Yancey) Peromyscus leucopus easti Pun go White-footed Mouse SC S2 GSTl T: dunes and maritime thickets along coast south to Corolla (Currituck) Peromyscus leucopus ssp I Buxton Woods White-footed Mouse SR - S2 G5T? T: maritime forests in Cape Hatteras vicinity (Dare+) Peromyscus polionotus Oldifield Mouse SR - Si? GS P: sandy, fallow fields near South Carolina line (Cleveland+, Rutherford*) Puma concolor couguar East em Cougar E E SH GSTH MPC: extensive forests, remote areas (Brunswick*, Buncombe*, Carteret+, Haywood*, Montgomery*, Onslow*, Swain*, Yancey*) Sciurus niger East ern Fox Squirrel SR-G - S3 GS MPSC: open forests, mainly longleaf pine/scrub oak (Anson, Avery*, Beaufort, Bertie*, Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe*, Carteret+, Cherokee*, Clay*, Columbus, Craven+, Cumberland, Duplin+, Edgecombe, Franklin*, Graham*, Guilford*, Halifax, Harnett, Hertford*, Hoke, Johnston, Jones+, Lee*, Lenoir+, Macon*, Martin+, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico+, Pender, Pitt, Richmond, Robeson+, Sampson, Scotland, Swain*, Wake, Wayne, Yadkin*) Sorex dispar Lonj i-tailed Shrew SC - S2 G4 M: high elevation forests with talus or rocky slopes (Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania*, Yancey) Sorex palustrispunctulatus Sout] bhern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 M: stream banks in montane forests (Avery, Buncombe, Clay*, Haywood*, Macon, Swain*, Watauga+) Sorex sp I an us idescribed shrew SR - S2 GIG2Q C: early succession fields, possibly low pocosins (endemic to eastern North Carolina) (Dare, Hyde)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 15 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sylvilagus obscurus [formerly S. Appalachian Cottontail SR-G FSC S3 G4 transitionalis] M: dense cover of montane woods and thickets (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania*, Watauga*, Yancey) Synaptomys cooperi helaletes Dismal Swamp Southern SR S2 G5T3 C: low pocosins, early succession Bog Lemming wetlands (Beaufort, Craven, Gates, Jones, Pasquotank, Perquimans*) Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E E SIN G2 T: warm waters of estuaries and river mouths (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Parmlico*, Pender, Pitt) BIRDS Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk SR S2B,S4N G5 MPS: forests and woodlands (for nesting) (breeding evidence only] (Avery, Mitchell+, Orange*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Aegolius acadicuspop I Northern Saw-whet Owl - T FSC S2B,S2N G5T? M: spruce-fir forests or mixed Southern Appalachian population hardwood/spruce forests (for nesting) [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 PSC: open longleaf pine forests, old fields [breeding season only] (Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe*, Carteret, Chatham, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Halifax*, Harnett, Hoke, Jones, Macon*, Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wake*, Warren) Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2BSIN G4 C: clearcut pocosins and other damp [the subspecies A. h. weedy fields [breeding season only] susurrans (Eastern Henslow's (Beaufort, Bertie, Brunswick, Carteret, Sparrow) is FSC, not the entire Columbus, Edgecombe, Gates, Martin, species] Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Wilson)

16 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Cornmnon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Anhinga anhinga Anhinga SR S2B,SZN G5 C: wooded lakes or ponds, or open swamps (for nesting) [breeding evidence only] (Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret*, Columbus*, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Halifax, Jones, New Hanover, Robeson) Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern SR SIB,S3N G4 CT: fresh or brackish marshes [breeding season only] (Beaufort*, Carteret, Hyde, Pamlico) Catharusgunatus Hermit Thrush SR - SlB,S5N G5 M: spruce-fir forests (for nesting) [breeding season only] (Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) Certhiaamericana Brown Creeper SC S3B,S5N G5 M: high elevation forests, favoring spruce-fir mixed with hardwoods (Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Charadriusmelodus Piping Plover T T S2B,S2N G3 T: ocean beaches and island-end flats [breeding evidence only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Charadriuswilsonia Wilson's Plover SR - S3B,SZN G5 T: beaches, island-end flats, estuarine islands [breeding evidence only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow SR - SIB,SZN G5 S: barren, sandy fields with scattered saplings in the sandhills region [breeding season only] (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Scotland) Circuscyaneus Northern Harrier SR - SIB,S4N G5 T: extensive brackish marshes (for nesting) [breeding evidence only] (Carteret, Dare, Hyde) Coccyzus erythropthalmus 3lack-billed Cuckoo SR - S2B,SZN G5 M: deciduous forests, mainly at higher elevations [breeding season and habitat only] (Ashe*, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell+, Transylvania, Watauga) Columbinapasserina CCommon Ground-Dove SR - SHBSZN G5 T: dunes, sandy fields, margins of maritime woods and thickets [breeding season only] (Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 17 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher SC FSC SUBSZN G4 M: montane conifer forests (mainly spruce-fir) with openings or dead trees [breeding season only) (Haywood, Macon*, McDowell*, Mitchell*, Swain, Yancey) Coturnicopsnoveboracensis Yellow Rail SR S2N G4 TC: brackish or fresh marshes, wet fields [winter season only] (Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover*) Dendroicacerulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 MC: mature hardwood forests; steep slopes and coves in mountains, natural levees in Coastal Plain [breeding season only] (Bertie, Buncombe, Clay, Graham, Halifax, Haywood, Johnston, Macon, McDowell, Northampton, Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes) Dendroicamagnolia IMagnolia Warbler SR - SIS2B,SZN G5 M: spruce-fir forests, especially in immature stands [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson*, McDowell, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Dendroica virens waynei Iflack-throated Green Warbler - SR - S3B,SZN G5TU C: nonriverine wetland forests, Coastal Plain population especially where white cedar or cypress are mixed with hardwoods [breeding season only] (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Gates, Hyde*, Jones, Pamlico, Tyrrell, Washington) Egrenta caerulea LLittle Blue Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Jones, New Hanover, Robeson) Egretta thula S nowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Robeson) Egretta tricolor T'ricolored Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover)

18 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Empidonax alnorum Alder Flycatcher SR S2B,SZN G5 M: high elevation shrub/sapling thicket [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncoinbe, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon E SlB,S2N G4 MT: cliffs (for nesting); coastal ponds and mudflats (for foraging in winter) [nesting evidence; regular wintering sites] (Avery, Brunswick, Buncombe, Burke, Carteret, Dare, Haywood, Hyde*, Jackson, Madison, Rutherford, Stokes, Surry, Transylvania, Wilkes*, Yancey) Haematopus palliatus American Oystercatcher SR S3B,S4N G5 T: estuaries, oyster beds, mudflats' [breeding evidence only] (records not yet entered) Haliaeetusleucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 PCT: mature forests near large bodies of water (for nesting); lakes and sounds [nesting sites; regular non-breeding sites] (Alexander, Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Burke, Camden, Catawba, Chatham, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Davidson, Durham, Gaston, Granville, Guilford, Halifax, Harnett, Haywood, Hyde, Johnston*, Lenoir, Martin*, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton*, Onslow, Orange, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Pitt, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly, Tyrrell, Vance*, Wake, Warren*, Washington, Wilson) Himantopusmexicanus Black-necked Stilt SR - S2B G5 T: fresh or brackish ponds and impoundments [breeding sites only] (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Onslow, Parilico) Ictiniamississippiensis Mississippi Kite SR - S2B G5 C: mature, extensive bottomland forests [regular summer locations only] (Bladen, Carteret, Columbus, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Martin, Nash, Richmond, Scotland, Wayne)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 19 Scientific Name Comrnon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike SC S3B,S3N G4T4 PSC: fields and pastures [breeding season only] (Alamance+, Ashe+, Bladen+, Brunswick, Carteret,. Catawba, Chatham, Cleveland, Davie, Edgecombe+, Forsyth, Franklin, Gaston, Granville+, Greene+, Guilford, Halifax, Iredell, Johnston+, Lenoir+, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover+, Pitt, Polk, Richmond, Robeson, Rowan, Rutherford, Scotland+, Stanly, Transylvania+, Wake+,. Wayne) Lanius ludovicianusmigrans Migrant Loggerhead Shrike SC SUB,SUN G4T3Q M: fields and pastures [breeding season only] Laterallusjamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3B,S2N G4 TCP: brackish marshes, rarely fresh marshes [breeding season only] (Carteret, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Onslow, Pamlico) Loxia curvirostrapop I Southern Appalachian Red Crossbill SC FSC S3B,S3N G5T? M: coniferous forests, preferably spruce-fir (Ashe*, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Mycteria americana Wood Stork E E SIN G4 T: fresh or brackish ponds (for foraging) [regular non-breeding sites] (Brunswick) Passerculussandwichensis Savannah Sparrow SR S2B,S5N G5 M: grassy fields and pastures [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Passerinacirisciris Eastern Painted Bunting SR FSC S3B,SZN G5T3T4 T: maritime shrub thickets and forest edges [breeding season only] (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Pelecanus occidentalis Brown Pelican SR S3B,S4N G4 T: maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, New Hanover) Phalacrocoraxauritus Double-crested Cormorant SR SIB,S5N G5 CP: lakes with scattered trees for nesting [breeding sites only] (Chatham, Craven)

20 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Picoidesborealis Red-cockaded Woodpecker E E S2 G3 SCP: mature open pine forests, mainly in longleaf pine [breeding evidence only] (Anson, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Camden*, Carteret, Chatham*, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Currituck*, Dare, Duplin, Edgecombe*, Forsyth*, Gates, Halifax*, Harnett, Hertford*, Hoke, Hyde, Johnston, Jones, Lee*, Lenoir*, Montgomery, Moore, Nash*, New Hanover, Northampton*, Onslow, Orange*, Pamlico*, Pender, Pitt*, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Tyrrell, Wake*, Wayne, Wilson*) Plegadisfalcinellus Glossy Ibis SC S2B,SZN G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover) Poecile atricapilluspracticus S()uthern Appalachian SC FSC S3 GST? M: high elevation forests, mainly Black-capped Chickadee spruce-fir [breeding season only] (Avery, Buncombe*, Haywood, Jackson, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey*) Pooecetes gramineus V esper Sparrow SR. S2B,S2N G5 M: high elevation pastures and grassy fields [breeding season only] (Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Watauga) Porphyrulamarhinica Ptirple Gallinule SR SHB G5 C: freshwater ponds with floating vegetation [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Onslow*, Robeson) Ripariariparia B;bnk Swallow SR - SUB,SZN G5 MNP: high, vertical banks for nesting [breeding sites only] (Avery, Wilkes*) Rynchops niger B]lack Skimmer SC - S3B,S3N G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Sphyrapicus variusappalachiensis Alppalachian Yellow-bellied SC FSC S3B,S5N G5T? M: mature, open hardwoods with Sapsucker scattered dead trees [breeding season only] (Avery*, Buncombe, Clay*, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Sterna antillarum U east Tern SC S3B,SZN G4 T: beaches, sand flats, open dunes (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 21 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sterna caspia C:aspian Tern SR SIB,S2N G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Dare, Hyde*) Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern E E SAB,SZN G4 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding evidence only] (Carteret*, Dare) Sterna hirundo CCornmon Tern SC - S3B,SZN G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only]-(Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Sterna nilotica Crull-billed Tern T S3B,SZN G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands [breeding sites only] (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Onslow*) Thryomanes bewickii altus AAppalachian Bewick's Wren E FSC SHB,SZN G5T2Q M: woodland borders or openings, farmlands or brushy fields, at high elevations [breeding season only]_, (Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania*) Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler SR FSC S3B,SZN G4 M: old fields and successional hardwoods (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga; plus many additional counties) Vermivora pinus B olue-winged Warbler SR S2B,SZN G5 M: low elevation brushy fields and thickets [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Buncombe*, Cherokee*, Graham*, Macon) Vireo gilvus Varbling Vireo SR S2B,SZN G5 M: groves of hardwoods along rivers and streams [breeding season only] (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Cleveland, Halifax, Henderson, Macon*, Orange, Watauga) REPTILES Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 CT: fresh to slightly brackish lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes (Bladen, Brunswick, Camden*, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Duplin*, Gates'*, Hyde, Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Robeson, Sampson*, Scotland*, Tyrrell*, Washington) Apalone spiniferaspinifera Eastern Spiny Softshell SC - S1 G5T5 M: large streams in the French Broad system (Buncombe, Madison)

22 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Carettacaretta Loggerhead T T S3B,S3N G3 T: nests on beaches; forages in ocean and sounds (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Chelonia mydas Green Turtle T T SIBSZN G3 T: nests on beaches; forages in ocean and sounds (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Clemmys (see Glyptemys) Crotalusadamanteus Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake E - Si? G4 C: pine flatwoods, savannas, pine-oak sandhills (Bladen, Brunswick+, Carteret, Columbus+, Craven+, Cumberland*, Duplin+, Jones*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender*, Robeson*, Sampson*) Crotalushorridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 CMP: wetland forests in the Coastal Plain; rocky, upland forests elsewhere (Alexander, Alleghany, Anson+, Ashe, Avery+, Beaufort+, Bertie+, Bladen+, Brunswick+, Buncombe*, Burke, Camden+, Carteret, Catawba+, Cherokee+, Chowan+, Clay*, Cleveland+, Columbus+, Craven+, Cumberland+, Currituck+, Dare+, Davidson, Duplin+, Durham+, Gaston, Graharn*, Granville+, Haywood+, Henderson, Hoke+, Hyde+, Jackson, Jones+, Lenoir+, Lincoln+, Macon*, Madison+, . McDowell, Mitchell*, Montgomery+, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow+, Panlico+, Pasquotank+, Pender, Perquimans+, Pitt+, Polk*, Randolph, Richmond+, Robeson+, Rutherford, Sampson+, Scotland, Stanly, Stokes, Surry*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Tyrrell+, Union+, Washington+, Watauga+, Wayne+, Wilkes, Yancey+) Deirochelys reticularia Chicken Turtle SR - S3 G5 SC: quiet waters of ponds, ditches, and sluggish streams (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret+, Columbus, Craven+, Cumberland, Dare, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pender, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wayne+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 23 Scientific Name Cormnon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E E SAB,SZN G2 T: oceans, rarely in sounds (Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*, Currituck*, Dare, Hyde, Onslow) Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill E E SZN G3 T: oceans, very rarely in sounds (Carteret*, Dare) Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 MP: bogs, wet pastures, wet thickets (Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee, Clay, Forsyth, Gaston, Graham, Henderson, Iredell*, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Surry, Transylvania, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey) Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 SC: sandy woods, particularly pine-oak sandhills (Bladen, Brunswick*, Carteret+, Craven+, Cumberland+, Duplin+, Edgecombe+, Hoke, Jones+, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt+, Richmond+, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland, Wake+, Wayne+) Lampropeltis getula sticticeps (Outer Banks Kingsnake SC S2 G5T2Q T: maritime forests, thickets, and grasslands on the Outer Banks (Carteret*, Currituck*, Dare*, Hyde*) Lepidochelys kempii Atlantic Ridley E E SAB,SZN G1 T: ocean and sounds (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret*, Dare, Hyde, Pamnlico) Liochlorophis vernalis Smooth Green Snake SC SH G5 M: fields and grassy meadows (Rutherford*) Malaclemys terrapincentrata Carolina Diamondback Terrapin SC S3 G4T4 T: salt or brackish marshes, estuaries; southern half of the coast (Beaufort+, Brunswick+, Carteret, Hyde+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender) Malaclemys terrapinterrapin Northern Diamondback Terrapin SC FSC S3 G4T4 T: salt or brackish marshes, estuaries; northern half of the coast (Dare+) Masticophisflagellum Coachwhip SR - S3 G5 SCTP: dry and sandy woods, mainly in pine/oak sandhills (Anson*, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret+, Cumberland, Hoke+, Lenoir+, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow+, Pender, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly, Union+, Wayne+)

24 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Micrurusfulvius Eastern Coral Snake E - Si G5 CS: pine-oak sandhills, sandy flatwoods, maritime forests (Bladen, Brunswick*, Cumberland*, Harnett+, Hoke*, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Scotland+) Nerodiasipedon williamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC S3 GST3 T: salt or brackish marshes (Beaufort, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico) Opheodrys (see Liochlorophis) Ophisaurusmimicus M4imic Glass Lizard SC PSC S2 G3 C: pine flatwoods, savannas, pine/oak sandhills (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Sampson*) Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus IN4orthem Pine Snake SC FSC S3 G4T4 SCM: dry and sandy woods, mainly in pine/oak sandhills (Brunswick, Cherokee*, Clay+, Cumberland+, Graham*, Harnett+, Hoke, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover*, Richmond, Rutherford+, Scotland; Swain*) Regina rigida Ilossy Crayfish Snake SR - S2S3 G5 C: marshes, cypress ponds, other wetlands (Bladen+, Brunswick*, Carteret+, Craven, Dare, Hoke, Hyde+, Jones+, New Hanover*, Onslow+, Robeson, Tyrrell+) Seminatrix pygaea IBlack Swamp Snake SR - S2 G5 C: in lush vegetation of ponds, ditches, or sluggish streams (Brunswick, Carteret+, Craven+, Dare, Hyde+, New Hanover*, Onslow+. Pender*, Tyrrell+) Sistrurusmiliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake ,SC - S3 G5 CSP: pine flatwoods, pine/oak sandhills, other pine/oak forests (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick*, Carteret, Cleveland*, Craven, Cumberland+, Gaston, Harnett+, Hoke+, Hyde, Montgomery+, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pitt, Richmond+, Sampson, Scotland) Sternotherusminor LLoggerhead Musk Turtle SC - Si G5 M: streams and rivers in Mississippi drainage (Cherokee, Madison)

I NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 25 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global AMPHIBIANS Ambystoma mabeei Mabee's Salamander SR - S3 G4 SC: savannas, wet woods, swamps (Bladen*, Columbus*, Hoke, New Hanover*, Pender*, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander SC - S2 G5 MP: breeds in fish-free semipernanent woodland ponds; forages in adjacent woodlands (Allegbany*, Buncombe, Cherokee, Guilford, Henderson*, Macon*, Montgomery, Person, Polk, Richmond, Rockingham, Rowan, Surry, Transylvania*, Union) Ambystoma tigrinum Eastern Tiger Salamander T S2 G5 SC: breeds in fish-free semipermanent ponds; forages in adjacent woods, usually sandy Oinewoods (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake) Aneides aeneus Green Salamander E FSC S2 G3G4 M: damp, shaded crevices of cliffs or rock outcrops in deciduous forests (southern mountains) (Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Rutherford, Transylvania) Bufo quercicus Oak Toad SR S3 G5 CS: pine flatwoods and savannas, pine sandhills where near water (records not yet entered) Cryptobranchusalleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 M: large and clear fast-flowing streams (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain+, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Desmognathusaeneus Seepage Salamander SR FSC S3 G3G4 M: seeps, springs, or streams in forests in extreme southwestern counties (Cherokee, Clay*, Graham, Macon) Desmognathus imitator pop I Imitator Salamander - Waterrock SR Si G3TIQ M: forests in the vicinity of Waterrock Knob population Knob (Jackson+) Desmognathus santeetlah Santeetlah Dusky Salamander SR S2S3 G3G4Q M: stream headwaters and seepage areas; southwestern mountains (Graham, Jackson*, Swain*) Desmognathus wrighti Pigmy Salamander SR S3 G3G4 M: spruce-fir and other high elevation forests (records not yet entered)

26 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank

     ,Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence)                              N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Euryceajunaluska                           Junaluska Salamander               T       FSC  S2   G3 M: forests near seeps and streams, mainly in the Cheoah River system (Cherokee, Clay, Graham)

Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC S2 G5 M: moist woods and floodplains; small ponds for breeding (Alleghany* Clay*, Graham, Haywood*, Macon*, Watauga+) Eurycea quadridigitatapop I Dwarf Salamander - silver morph SC S2 G5T2Q C: pocosins, bay forests, flatwoods, savannas (Hoke, Robeson, Scotland) Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 G5 MPC: pools, bogs, and other wetlands in hardwood forests (Alamance+, Avery, Bladen*, Buncombe*, Chathamn, Cherokee+, Cumberland*, Duplin*, Durham, Gates, Graham+, Granville, Henderson*, Macon*, Mitchell*, Montgomery, Moore, Nash Orange, Person, Polk+, Randolph, Rockingham*, Surry, Wake) Hyla versicolor Northern Gray Treefrog SR Si? G5 PM?: deciduous or mixed forests, often near water; range uncertain in NC (Warren+) Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 PC: rivers and large streams in Neuse and Tar drainages (endemic to North Carolina) (Beaufort*, Craven*, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville*, Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir, Nash, Orange, Person*, Pitt*, Vance*, Wake, Warren, Wayne*, Wilson*) Necturus maculosus Common Mudpuppy SC - SH G5 M: rivers and large streams (French Broad drainage) (Buncombe*, Henderson*, Transylvania*) Plethodon amplus Blue Ridge Gray-cheeked Salamander SR - SIS2 GIG2 M: mesic forests in the Hickorynut Gorge vicinity (endemic to this area) (Buncombe+, Henderson+, Rutherford+) Plethodon aureolus Tellico Salamander SR - S2 G2G3 M: forests in the Unicoi Mountains (Cherokee*, Graham*) Plethodon cheoah Cheoah Bald Salamander SR - S2? G2 M: mesic forests on Cheoah Bald (endemic to this area) (Graham+, Swain+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 27 Scientific Name Conmmon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Plethodon ventralis Southern ZZigzag Salamander SC - Si G4 M: moist areas of talus slopes or rock outcrops in hardwood forests (Buncombe*, Haywood, Henderson*, Madison*, Yancey) Plethodon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander T - Si G5 P: upland forests (low mountains near Virginia border) (Alleghany, Stokes, Surry, Wilkes) Plethodon welleri Weller's Se larmander SC - S2 G3 M: high elevation forests in northern mountains, mainly in spruce-fir and to a lesser degree, northern hardwood forests (Avery, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Plethodon yonahlossee pop I Crevice Salamander SC - S1 G4TIQ M: Hickorynut Gorge area (endemic to this area); crevices in moist shaded rocks (Buncombe*, Henderson+, Rutherford) Pseudacrisbrachyphona Mountain (Chorus Frog SC - Sl G5 M: forests near temporary pools or ponds, inextreme southwestern mountains (Cherokee, Haywood*) Pseudacrisornata Ornate Chcorus Frog SR - S3 G5 SC: swamps, savannas, wooded ponds and pools (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Hoke, New Hanover*, Robeson, Sampson*, Scotland) Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 SC: breeds in temporary fish-free pools; forages in sandy woods, especially pine-oak sandhills (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Hoke, Jones*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Rana heckscheri River Frog SC SH G5 SC: river floodplains, such as pools or borrow pit ponds (Cumberland*, Moore*, Robeson*, Sampson*, Scotland*) FRESHWATER FISHES Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose Sturgeon E E Sl G3 TC: brackish water of large rivers and estuaries; spawns in freshwater areas (Anson, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Camnden*, Carteret*, Columbus, Currituck*, Dare, Hyde*, New Hanover, Onslow*, Pamlico*, Pasquotank*, Pender, Richmond)

28 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Acipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic Sturgi ,on SC S3 G3 TC: coastal waters, estuaries, large rivers (records not yet entered) Ambloplites cavifrons Roanoke Bass SR FSC S3 G3 PC: streams in Neuse and Tar systems, rarely in Cape Fear system (Durham, Edgecombe+, Franklin+, Granville, Halifax, Johnston+, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Pitt*, Wake+, Warren) Aplodinotus grunniens Freshwater Drt un T (PSC) - Sl? G5 M: French Broad River (Madison) Carpiodes carpio River Carpsucl :er SC SH G5 M: French Broad River (Madison*) Carpiodesvelifer Highfin Carpsuicker SC - S2 G4G5 PC: Catawba, Pee Dee, and Cape Fear rivers (Anson, Bladen, Catawba, Gaston, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Richmond) Clinostomusfunduloides ssp I Little Tennesse e River Rosyside Dace SC FSC S2 G5T3Q M: Little Tennessee drainage (Jackson, Macon, Swain) Cottus caeruleomentum Blue Ridge Scu lpin SR (PSC) - Sl G4 P: Dan drainage (Stokes+) Coitus carolinae Banded Sculpin T Si G5 M: French Broad and Toe drainages (Avery, Madison) Cyprinella monacha Spotfin Chub T T Si G2 M: Little Tennessee River; formerly in French Broad drainage (Buncombe*, Macon, Madison*, Swain) Cyprinella sp I (formerly considered part Thinlip Chub SC S2 GUQ of C. zanema) SC: Cape Fear, Lumber, and Pee Dee drainages (Anson, Bladen*, Cumberland+, Richmond, Robeson+, Sampson, Scotland+) Cyprinellazanema Santee Chub SR S3 G4 P: Catawba and Broad drainages (Burke, Caldwell, Catawba+, Iredell+, Lincoln, McDowell+, Mecklenburg+, Polk, Rutherford) Elassoma boehlkei Carolina Pygmy Sunfish T FSC Si . G2 C: streams and canals in Waccamaw drainage (Brunswick, Columbus) Erimystax insignis Blotched Chub SR FSC S3 G3G4 M: primarily French Broad drainage (Buncombe+, Cherokee+, Clay+, Henderson+, Madison+, Mitchell+, Yancey+) Etheostoma acuticeps Sharphead Darter T FSC SI G3 M: streams in Nolichucky system (Toe and Cane rivers) (Mitchell, Yancey)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 29 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Etheostoma collis pop I Carolina Darter - central SC FSC S3 G3T3Q P: streams in the Yadkin - Pee Dee Piedmont population and Catawba drainages (Anson+, Cabarrus, Davidson+, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Richmond, Stanly, Union) Etheostoma collis pop 2 Carolina Darter - eastern SC FSC 52 G3T3Q P: streams in the Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Piedmont population and Cape Fear drainages (Chatham, Durham+, Granville, Guilford, Moore, Orange*) Etheostoma inscriptum Turquoise Darter SC (PT) - S G4 M: streams of Savannah drainage (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Etheostoma jessiae Blueside Darter SC - SH G4Q M: streams in Mills River system (Henderson*) Etheostoma kanawhae Kanawha Darter SR - S3 G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Etheostoma mariae Pinewoods Darter SC FSC S2 G3 SC: streams of Lumber drainage, mainly in the sandhills; perhaps in adjacent Pee Dee drainage (Hoke, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond, Robeson+, Scotland) Etheostoma perlongum Waccamaw Darter T FSC Si GIQ C: Lake Waccamaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Etheostoma podostemone Riverweed Darter SC - S2 G4 P: large streams in Dan River system (Caswell, Rockingham, Stokes) Etheostoma simoterum Snubnose Darter SC - SH G5 M: streams of French Broad drainage (Madison*) Etheostoma vulneratum Wounded Darter SC FSC S2 G3 M: streams of Little Tennessee system; perhaps extirpated from French Broad system (Jackson, Macon, Madison*, Swain) Exoglossum laurae Tonguetied Minnow SR S2 G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Exoglossum maxillingua Cutlips Minnow E (PSC) Si G5 P: streams of Dan River system (Stokes) Fundulus cf diaphanus (formerly Lake Phelps Killifish SR FSC Si GUQ considered part of F. waccamensis) (taxon endemic to North Carolina, but may be a population of F.diaphanus) C: Lake Phelps (Washington) Fundulus confluentus Marsh Killifish SR S2 G5 T: fresh to brackish waters along coast (Carteret*, Dare*, Hyde*, Onslow+)

30 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Pundulus luciae Spotfin Killifish SR - S2 G4 TC: ponds and pools along coast (Brunswick*, Carteret+, New Hanover*, Onslow+) Fundulus waccamensis Waccamaw Killifish SC FSC Si G1 C: Lake Waccamaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Heterandriaformosa Least Killifish SC - S2 G5 C: streams and lakes near Wilmington (Brunswick, New Hanover) Hiodon tergisus Mooneye SC - SH G5 M: French Broad River (Henderson*, Madison+) Hybopsis rubrifrons Rosyface Chub T Sl G4 M: Savannah drainage (Transylvania) Hypentelium roanokense Roanoke Hog Suckear SR S3 G4 P: Dan drainage (Caswell, Rockingham+, Stokes) Ichthyomyzon bdellium Ohio Lamprey SR - S G3G4 M: French Broad drainage (Madison) Ictiobus niger Black Buffalo SR - Sl G5 M: French Broad River (Madison) Lampetra aepyptera Least Brook Larnpre, y T - S2 G5 CP: Tar and Neuse drainages (Franklin, Halifax, Jones*, Pitt*, Wake, Warren) Lampetra appendix American Brook Lan aprey T - Si G4 M: French Broad drainage (Madison) Lucaniagoodei Bluefin Killifish SC - S G5 C: stream in Wilmington area; possibly introduced (New Hanover) Luxilus chrysocephalus Striped Shiner T (PSC) - S2 G5 M: Cane drainage; reported in Little Tennessee drainage (Macon, Yancey) Menidia extensa Waccamaw Silversid e T T Si GI C: Lake Waccamaw (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Micropteruscoosae Redeye Bass SR - S1 G5 M: Savannah drainage (Burke*, Jackson*, Transylvania) Moxostoma robustum Robust Redhorse SR (PE) FSC Sl G0 P: Pee Dee River (Anson, Davie*, Richmond, Rowan*, Surry*, Yadkin*) Moxostoma sp I Sicklefin Redhorse SR (PT) FSC S2 G2G3Q M: Little Tennessee and Hiwassee rivers (Cherokee, Clay, Jackson, Macon, Swain) Moxostoma sp 2 Carolina Redhorse SR (PE) FSC Si GlG2Q P: Cape Fear and Pee Dee drainages (Anson, Chatham, Harnett*, Lee, Moore, Richmond) Notropis bifrenatus Bridle Shiner SC (PE) FSC Si G5 C: stream near lower Neuse River (Craven)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 31 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Notropis lutipinnis Yellowfin Shiner 'SC S3 G4Q MP: Savannah, Little Tennessee, and Broad drainages [only the Savannah and Little Tennessee drainages are listed as SC] (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Notropis mekistocholas Cape Fear Shiner E E Si GI P: Cape Fear drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Chatham, Harnett, Lee, Moore, Randolph) Mountain Madtom SC - SH G4 Noturus eleutherus M: French Broad drainage (Madison*) Noturusflavus Stonecat E - Si G5 M: Nolichucky, French Broad, and Little Tennessee drainages (Madison, Swain, Yancey) Noturusfuriosus Carolina Madtom SC (PT) FSC S2 G2 CP: Tar and Neuse drainages (endemic to North Carolina) (Craven*, Durham*, Edgecombe, Franklin, Greene*, Halifax, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir, Nash, Pitt*, Vance*, Wake, Wayne, Wilson*) Noturus gilberti Orangefin Madtom E FSC SI G2 P: Dan drainage (Stokes) Noturus insignis ssp I Spotted Madtom SR FSC SR G5TIT2Q P: Dan River (no county data) Noturus sp I Broadtail Madtom SC FSC Si G2 C: Cape Fear, Waccamaw, and Lumber drainages (Bladen+, Brunswick*, Columbus*, Cumberland+, Duplin, Robeson, Sampson+) Percina,burtoni Blotchside Logperch E FSC SI G2 M: South Toe River; formerly in French Broad drainage (Buncombe*, Yancey) Logperch T - S2 G5 Percinacaprodes M: Tennessee drainages (Alleghany, Ashe, Madison) Percinanigrofasciata 3lackbanded Darter SR (PT) - S1 G5 M: Savannah drainage (Transylvania) Percinaoxyrhynchus Sharpnose Darter SC - Si G4 M: New River drainage (Alleghany, Ashe) Percina sciera )usky Darter E - SH G5 M: French Broad drainage (Madison*) Percina squamata COlive Darter SC FSC S2 G3 M: Tennessee drainages (Cherokee, Jackson*, Macon, Madison*, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) Phenacobiusteretulus Kanawha Minnow SC FSC S2 G3G4 M: New drainage (Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga)

32 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province. Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Polyodon spathula Paddlel Fish E - SH G4 M: French Broad River (Buncombe*, Madison*) Sander canadensis Sauger SR - S2 GS M: French Broad and Hiwassee rivers (Cherokee+, Haywood+, Madison) Scartomyzon ariommus Bigeye Jumprock T - S2 G4 P: Dan drainage (Forsyth, Rockingham, Stokes) Semotilus lumbee Sandhil Is Chub SC FSC S3 G3 S: streams in the sandhills (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Montgomery*, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Stizostedion (see Sander) Thoburniahamiltoni Rustysii le Sucker E FSC Si G3 P: Dan drainage (Stokes) MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER BIVALVES Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf Wedgemi issel E E Sl GIG2 PC: Tar and Neuse drainages, mainly near Fall Line (Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Orange, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Alasmidonta raveneliana Appalachian Ell .toe E E Si GI M: Tennessee drainages (Buncombe*, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Alasmidonta robusta Carolina Elktoe SR - Si Gl P: Uwharrie River drainage; formerly Long Creek in Mecklenburg County (endemic to North Carolina) (Mecklenburg*, Montgomery) Alasmidonta undulata Triangle Floater T S2 G4 PC: most river systems in Piedmont and Coastal Plain (Caswell, Chatham, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton, Orange, Person, Pitt*, Randolph, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Alasmidonta varicosa Brook Floater E FSC S G3 PM: Piedmont systems and along Blue Ridge escarpment of Catawba River system (Anson, Burke, Caldwell, Chatham, Forsyth, Granville, Macon, Montgomery, Moore, Orange, Randolph, Surry, Yadkin)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 33 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Alasmidonta viridis Slippershell Mussel E - SI G4G5 M: Little Tennessee and Mills rivers (Henderson, Macon, Swain) Anodonta couperiana Barrel Floater E - SH G4 C: Bladen County; formerly in Greenfield Lake (Bladen*, New Hanover*) Anodonta implicata Alewife Floater . T - Sl G5 C: Chowan, Meherrin, lower Roanoke, and Pee Dee rivers (Anson, Bertie, Chowan, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Northampton, Richmond, Washington) Cyclonaiastuberculata Purple Wartyback E - S1 G5 M: New River (Alleghany) Elliptio dilatata Spike SC - S G5 M: Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, and New rivers (Alleghany, Ashe, Cherokee, Macon, Swain, Watauga) Elliptiofolliculata Pod Lance SC - SI G2G3Q C: Coastal Plain, mainly in Lake Waccamnaw (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Curmberland, Duplin, Hamett, Pender, Sampson) Elliptio lanceolata Yellow Lance E FSC SI G2G3 PC: Tar and Neuse systems, mainly near the Fall Line (Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wayne) Elliptio marsupiobesa Cape Fear Spike SC - S3 G3Q C: Cape Fear and Neuse basins (endemic to North Carolina) (Bladen, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, - - Johnston, Pender, Robeson, Sampson) Elliptio roanokensis Roanoke Slabshell T - Si G2G3 PC: Cape Fear north to Roanoke river systems (Anson, Bladen, Craven, Cumberland, Edgecombe, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Nash, Northampton, Pitt, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly, Wake, Wayne*) Elliptiosteinstansana Tar River Spinymussel E E Sl Gl PC: Tar River drainage, very rare in Neuse drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Edgecombe, Franklin, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Pitt*, Warren) Elliptio waccamawensis Waccamaw Spike E FSC SI. G2Q C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity (endemic to North Carolina; possibly in adjacent South Carolina) - (Brunswick, Columbus)

34 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Fusconaiabamesiana Tennessee IPigtoe E - SI G2G3 M: Little Tennessee River (Macon, Swain) Fusconaia masoni Atlantic Pig,toe E FSC Si G2 CP: most Atlantic drainages, in lower Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain; also in Black River in lower Coastal Plain (Bladen, Caswell, Chatham*, Cumberland, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Northampton*, Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt*, Randolph, Union, Wake, Warren, Wayne, Wilson) Fusconaiasubrotunda Long-solid -SR - S1 G3 M: Hiwassee and French Broad systems (Buncombe*, Cherokee, Clay, Transylvania) Lampsilis cariosa Yellow Lanapmussel E FSC Si G3G4 PC: a number of river systems; mainly near the Fall Line (Alamance*, Anson, Bladen, Chatham, Columbus, Cumberland, Davie, Durham, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt*, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Vance) Lampsilisfasciola Wavy-rayec I Lampmussel SC - S1 G4 M: French Broad, Pigeon, Hiwassee, and Little Tennessee systems (Cherokee, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain, Yancey) Lampsilisfidlerkati Waccamaw Fatmucket T FSC S GIQ C: Lake Waccamnaw and vicinity (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Columbus) Lampsilis radiataconspicua Carolina Fa' tmucket T - Si? G5T2Q P: Neuse and Pee Dee systems (Alamance, Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson, Durham, Granville, Montgomery, Orange, Person, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly) Lampsilis radiataradiata Eastern Lan ipmussel T - SIS2 GST5 CP: a number of river systems (Bladen, Chowan, Columbus, Craven, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Johnston, Jones, Nash, Northampton, Pender, Pitt, Sampson, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Lampsilis sp 2 a bivalve SR - S GI PC: Neuse and Tar systems (endemic to North Carolina) (records not yet entered)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THEE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 35 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Lasmigona decorate Carolina Heelsplitter E E Si GI P: Catawba and Pee Dee drainages in Union County (endemic to this area and adjacent South Carolina) (Anson*, Cabarrus*, Mecklenburg*, Richmond*, Union) Lasmigona holstonia Tennessee Heelsplitter E FSC S1 G3 M: Mills River; formerly in Valley Creek in Cherokee County (Cherokee*, Henderson) Lasmigona subviridis Green Floater E FSC SI G3 CPM: Tar, Neuse, and Cape Fear systems downstate; New and Watauga systems in mountains (Alleghany, Ashe, Durham, Edgecombe, Granville, Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Northampton, Orange, Person, Rockingham, Stokes, Wake, Watauga) Leptodea ochracea Tidewater Mucket T S1 G4 CP: a number of systems, primarily in the Coastal Plain; abundant in Lake Waccamaw (Bertie, Chowan, Columbus, Edgecombe*, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Martin, Northampton, Pitt, Washington) Ligumia nasuta Eastern Pondmussel T Si G4G5 C: Chowan, Roanoke, and Cape Fear systems (Anson, Bertie, Brunswick, Chowan, Gates, Hertford, Nash*, Pitt*, Richmond, Washington) Pegiasfabula Littlewing Pearlymussel E E Sl GI M: Little Tennessee River; formerly in Valley River in Cherokee County (Cherokee*, Macon, Swain) Pleurobemacollina James Spinymussel SR E Si GI P: Dan and Mayo rivers (Rockingham, Stokes) Pleurobema oviforme Tennessee Clubshell E FSC Sl? G3 M: Little Tennessee and Hiwassee drainages (Cherokee, Transylvania) Sphaerium simile Grooved Fingernailclam SR Sl? G5 C: White Oak River (Jones, Onslow)

36 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Cornmon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Strophitus undulatus Creeper T - S2 G5 PC: Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, and Pee Dee systems, perhaps other systems in Piedmont (Alamance, Anson, Caswell, Chatham, Davidson, Durham, Edgecombe*, Forsyth, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Henderson, Johnston, Jones, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Pitt, Polk, Randolph, Richmond, Rockingham, Stanly, Surry, Transylvania, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson, Yadkin) Toxolasma pullus ESavannah Lilliput E FSC SI G2 PC: a number of Atlantic drainages (Columbus, Montgomery, Orange, Randolph, Union) Villosa constricta N'otched Rainbow SC - S3 G3 PC: most Atlantic drainages, mainly in lower Piedmont (Alamance, Burke, Chatham, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Lee*, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Orange, Person, Randolph, Rockingham, Stanly, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Wilson) Villosa delumbis 3astern Creekshell SR - S3 G4 PC: most Atlantic drainages (Alamance, Anson, Bladen, Brunswick, Burke, Cabarrus, Chatham, Cumberland, Duplin, Granville, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Person, Randolph, Rockingham, Sampson, Stanly, Union) Villosa iris Rainbow SC Sl G5 M: Hiwassee and Little Tennessee drainages; formerly in French Broad drainage (Cherokee, Clay, Jackson, Macon, Swain) Villosa trabalis CCumberland Bean SR E Si GI M: Hiwassee River (Cherokee) Villosa vanuxemensis Mountain Creekshell T Sl G4 M: Hiwassee drainage; formerly French Broad drainage (Cherokee) Villosa vaughaniana CCarolina Creekshell E FSC S2 G2 P: Pee Dee, Catawba, and Cape Fear systems (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Alamance, Anson, Cabarrus, Chatham, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Randolph, Richmond, Stanly, Union)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 37 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER GASTROPODS Amnicola sp I Waccamaw Snail SC Sl G? C: Lake Waccamaw and adjacent Big [GIQ] Creek (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus*) Cincinnatiasp I Waccamnaw Siltsnail SC S G? C: Lake Waccamaw and adjacent Big [GIQ] Creek (endemic to North Carolina) (Columbus) Elimia interrupta Knotty Elimia E FSC S Gl M: Hiwassee River and tributaries (Cherokee*) Ferrissiahendersoni Blackwater Ancylid SC Si G5 CP: scattered locales in Coastal Plain and Piedmont, but mainly on margins of Carolina bay lakes (records not yet entered) Helisoma eucosmium Greenfield Rams-horn E FSC Sl GIQ C: Greenfield Lake (formerly), creek in Brunswick County (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, New Hanover*) Leptoxis dilatata Seep Mudalia T - SI G2? M: New River drainage in Ashe, [G3] Alleghany, and Watauga counties (Alexander*, Alleghany, Ashe, Watauga) Leptoxis virgata Smooth Mudalia SR FSC SU G2 M?: reported from Hiwassee River, possibly in error Planorbellamagnifica Magnificent Rams-horn E FSC SI Gl C: Orton Pond and pond on Sand Hill Creek; formerly Greenfield Lake (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, New Hanover*) Somatogyrus virginicus Panhandle Pebblesnail SR FSC Si? GIG2 P: Eno River (Durham) Viviparus intertextus Rotund Mysterysnail SR - S2? G3G4 C: swamps in Lumber and Waccamaw drainages (Columbus, Robeson) MOLLUSKS - TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS Appalachina chilhoweensis Queen Crater SC S2 G2 M: southern half of the mountains (Graham+, Haywood+, Madison+, Swain+) Catinella waccamawensis Waccamaw Ambersnail SI GUQ C: shoreline of Lake Waccamaw (Columbus)

38 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

• Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Discus bryanti Sawtooth Disc SC S2 G2 M: Watauga to Madison counties (Buncombe, Madison, Mitchell)

Fumonelixjonesiana Big-tooth Cove rt T - Si GI M: Newfound Gap area of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (endemic to this area) (Swain*) Fumonelix orestes Engraved Coveirt T - Si GI M: Plott Balsam mountains (endemic to this area) (Haywood, Jackson) Fumonelix wheatleyi clingmanicus Clingman Cove T FSC Si G4T3T4 M:. Clingmans Dome region of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (endemic to this area) (Swain) Glyphyalinia clingmani Fragile Glyph E FSC Si GI M: Black Mountains of Yancey County (endemic to North Carolina) (Yancey) Glyphyaliniajunaluskana Dark Glyph SC - S2 G2 M: southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Graham+, Macon+, Swain+) Glyphyalinia pentadelphia Pink Glyph SC - S2 G2G3 M: southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Clay+, Grahamt+, Macon+, Swain+) Glyphyalinia vanattai Honey Glyph SC - SIS2 GIG2 M: Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey counties (Avery+, Mitchell+, Yancey+) Haplotremakendeighi Blue-footed Lancetooth SC - SIS2 GIG2 M: southwestern mountains (Macon+, Swain+) Helicodiscus bonamicus Spiral Coil SC - S5 Gl M: Nantahala Gorge vicinity (endemic to this area) (Grahamr+, Macon+, Swain+), Helicodiscusfimbriatus Fringed Coil SC S2 G2G3 M: extreme southwestern corner of the state, in Cherokee and Graham counties (Cherokee+, Graham+) Helicodiscustriodus Talus Coil SR Sl? G2 M: Madison County (Madison) Inflectariusdownieanus Dwarf Globelet SR Si G3 M: northern mountains (Watauga) Inflectariusferrissi Smoky Mountaii i Covert T - S2 G2. M: Great Smoky Mountains and Plott Balsams (endemic to these ranges) (Haywood+, Jackson+, Swain+) Inflectariussubpalliatus Velvet Covert SC S2 G2 M: central mountains (Avery to Haywood counties) (Avery, Haywood+, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 39 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Palliferahemphilli Black Mantleslug SC S2 G3 M: high elevation forests, mainly spruce-fir (Avery+, Jackson+, Mitchell+, Swain+, Yancey+) Paravitreaandrewsae High Mountain Supercoil SC S2 G2 M: northern half of the mountains (Avery, Buncombe+, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey+) Paravitreaclappi Mirey Ridge Supercoil SC SIS2 GIG2 M: high elevations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Swain+) Paravitrealacteodens Ramp Cove Supercoil SC Si Gl M: Graham County, possibly Cherokee County (endemic to this area) (Graham+) Paravitrealamellidens Lamellate Supercoil SC S2 G2 M: southern half of the mountains (Cherokee+, Graham+, Haywood+, Macon+, Swain+, Yancey+) Paravitreaplacentula Glossy Supercoil SC S2 G3 M: Madison, Mitchell and Swain counties (Madison, Mitchell, Swain+) Paravitreaternaria Sculpted Supercoil T FSC Si GI M: found under moist leaf litter on wooded hillsides and slopes (endemic to Madison County and Unicoi County, Tennessee) (Madison) Paravitreaumbilicaris Open Supercoil SC S2 G2 M: extreme southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Graham+, Macon+) Paravitreavaridens Roan Supercoil T FSC S1S2 GIG2 M: Mitchell and Yancey counties (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent Tennessee) (Mitchell*, Yancey+) Patera clarki Dwarf Proud Globe SC S2 G3 M: southwestern mountains (Cherokee+, Clay+, Grahamn+, Jackson+, Macon+, Swain+) Pateraclarki nantahala Noonday Globe T T Si G3TI M: Nantahala Gorge (endemic to this site) (Swain) Stenotrema depilatum Great Smoky Slitmouth SC - S2 G2 M: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (essentially endemic to this area) (Grahamr+, Swain+) Triodopsisfulciden Dwarf Threetooth SC - SIS2 GIG2 P: southwestern Piedmont (endemic to North Carolina) (Burke+, Catawba+, Cleveland+, Lincoln+)

40 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Triodopsis soelneri Cape Fear Threetooth T FSC S2 G2 C: swampy habitats in the extreme southeastern corner of the state (endemic to North Carolina) (Brunswick, Columbus*, New Hanover) Triodopsis tennesseensis Budded Threetooth SR SIS3 G3G4 M: Hot Springs vicinity (Madison) Valvata sincera a valvatid snail SR - SI GUQ P: Pee Dee drainage (Richmond) Ventridens coelaxis Bidentate Dome SC - S2 G3 M: northern mountains (Alleghany+, Avery+, Madison, Watauga+) Ventridens collisella Sculptured Dome SR - S1 G4 M: northern mountains (Mitchell, Watauga) Ventridens lasmodon Hollow Dome SR - SIS3 G3 M: Madison County (Madison) Zonitoides patuloides Appalachian Gloss SC - S2 G2 M: southwestern mountains (Macon+, Swain+) ARACHNIDS This arachnid list is a selective one, concentrating on cave and other montane spiders, and is not intended to be a complete list of the rare arachnids in the state. Hypochilus coylei a lampshade spider SR S3? G3? M: rock outcrops (apparently endemic to southern mountains of North Carolina) (Buncombe, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford) Hypochilus sheari a lampshade spider SR S2S3 - G2G3 M: rock outcrops (apparently endemic to Buncombe, McDowell, and Yancey counties, NC) (Buncombe, McDowell, Yancey) Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR E Sl Gl M: in moss of spruce-fir forests (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent Tennessee) (Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, Swain*, Yancey*) Nesticus brimleyi a nesticid spider SR Si? GIG2 M: caves (endemic to the vicinity of Bat Cave) Nesticus carolinensis Linville Caverns Spider SR Si GI? M: caves (apparently endemic to Linville Caverns) (McDowell*) Nesticus cooperi Lost Nantahala Cave Spider SR FSC Si GIG2 M: caves and along Nantahala River (apparently endemic to Swain County, NC) (Macon, Swain+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 41 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Nesticus crosbyi a nesticid spider SR - Si? GI? M: spruce-fir forests (apparently endemic to Mount Mitchell) Nesticus mimus a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2 M: rocky areas; known from Grandfather Mountain and Table Rock; also in Virginia Nesticus sheari a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2? M: on ground in moist or rich forests (apparently endemic to Graham County, NC) Nesticus silvanus a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2? M: habitat not indicated (apparently endemic to southern mountains of North Carolina) Nesticus sp I a nesticid spider SR - S2? G2?

-    M: habitat not indicated (known only from Jackson and Transylvania counties, NC, and Oconee County, SC)

CRUSTACEANS Ascetocythere cosmeta Grayson Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC S2? G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in sub-surface waters of burrows (Alleghany*, Avery*) Caecidotea carolinensis Bennett's Mill Cave Water Slater SR FSC Sl GlG2 P: caves; in McDowell County (McDowell*) Cambarusacanthura Spinytail Crayfish SR - Si G4 M: pools and small creeks in the Hiwassee drainage (records not yet entered) Cambaruscatagius Greensboro Burrowing Crayfish SC - S2 G3 P: Greensboro area to Uwharries [G2] (endemic to North Carolina) (Davidson, Guilford, Montgomery, Randolph) Cambarus chaugaensis Oconee Stream Crayfish SC - S2 G2 M: streams in Savannah drainage [G3] (endemic to northwest South Carolina and adjacent North Carolina and Georgia) (Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Cambarusdavidi Carolina Ladle Crayfish SR - S2S3 G2G3 P: Neuse and Cape Fear drainages [G3] (endemic to North Carolina) (Alamance, Caswell*, Chatham, Durham, Harnett, Orange, Rockingham, Wake)

42 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Cambarusgeorgiae Little Tennessee River Ci rayfish SC S2S3 Gl M: streams in Little Tennessee [G2G3] drainage (Jackson, Macon) Cambarushistricosus Sandhills Spiny Crayfish SR S2 G2 S: endemic to streams in the Sandhills (records not yet entered) Cambarus lenati Broad River Stream Crayfish SR S2 GIG2 P: streams in the Broad River drainage [G2] (endemic to North Carolina) (Cleveland*, Rutherford) Cambarusnodosus Knotty Burrowing Crayfi: sh SR S2 G4 M: seepages and other mucky areas in Hiwassee drainage (records not yet entered) Cambarusparrishi Hiwassee Headwaters Cr,iyfish SC FSC S2S3 Gl M: streams in Hiwassee drainage [G3G4] (Cherokee, Clay) Cambarus reburrus French Broad River Cray fish SR FSC S2S3 G3G4 M: streams in upper portions of [G2G3] French Broad drainage, and in one stream in Savannah drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Buncombe, Henderson, Jackson, Madison, Transylvania) Cambarusspicatus Broad River Spiny Crayfi sh SC S2 G3 P: streams in Broad River drainage (Cleveland, Polk) Cambarustuckasegee Tuckasegee Stream Crayfish SR Sl Gl M: streams in Tuckasegee River subdrainage of Little Tennessee River drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Jackson, Swain) Cynocythere clavata Oconee Crayfish Ostracoi I SR FSC S2? G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in mountain streams and rivers (Transylvania*) Dactylocythere isabelae Catawba Crayfish OstraccAd SR FSC Si? G? P: symbiotic on crayfish in Lyle Creek in Catawba drainage (endemic to North Carolina) (Catawba*) Dactyloeythereprinsi Whitewater Crayfish Ostr acod SR FSC SI G? M, cold streams of Savannah drainage in Jackson County (endemic to North Carolina, but possible in adjacent South Carolina and Georgia)-, (Jackson+) Diacyclopsjeanneliputei Carolina Well Diacyclops SR SH G3G4TlT2 P: dug well, in Orange County (endemic to North Carolina) (Orange*) Lynceus gracilicomis Graceful Clam Shrimp SR S2? G5 C: temporary ponds, pools, and ditches (Craven, New Hanover)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 43 Scientific Namne Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Orconectes carolinensis INorth Can )lina Spiny Crayfish SC S4 G3 CP: rivers and streams in the Neuse [G4] and Tar drainages (Craven*, Edgecombe, Franklin, Granville, Greene*, Halifax*, Johnston, Jones, Lenoir*, Nash*, Pitt*, Vance, Wake*, Warren*, Wilson) Orconectes sp I a crayfish SR S2? G? M: Cheoah River subdrainage of the Little Tennessee River basin (probably endemic to this area) (records not yet entered) Orconectes virginiensis Chowanot keCrayfish SC FSC S3 G3 C: streams and rivers in the Chowan [G3G4] and Roanoke drainages (Bertie, Granville+, Halifax, Hertford, Martin*, Northampton) Procambarusbraswelli Waccamav v Crayfish SC S2S3 G2G3 C: Waccamaw River and tributary streams (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) (Brunswick, Columbus, Scotland) Procambarusplumimanus Croatan Ci'ayfish SR S3 G4 C: rivers, ponds, ditches, and borrow pits in eastern Coastal Plain (endemic to North Carolina) (Carteret*, Craven+, Duplin*, Jones+, New Hanover*, Onslow*, Pender*) Skistodiaptomus carolinensis Carolina Skistodiaptomus SR S1? G? M: Lake Ravenel in Macon County (endemic to North Carolina) (Macon) Stygobromus carolinensis Yancey Si4ieswimmer SR FSC Sl GIG2 M: seeps at Mount Mitchell (endemic to North Carolina) (Yancey+) Waltoncythere acuta Transylvanna Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC S2? G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in high gradient rivers and streams in Transylvania County (endemic to North Carolina, but likely occurs in SC) (Transylvania*) INSECTS - MAYFLIES Asioplax dolani a mayfly SR - S2 G4 P: Neuse River (Wayne, Johnston) Baetisca becki a mayfly SR - Sl G2 PC: Swift Creek (Nash), Fishing Creek (Edgecombe, Halifax) Baetisca laurentina a mayfly SR - SU G5 PC: Lower Jacobs Fork (Catawba), Trent River (Jones)

44 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank

     - Province- Habitat (Counties of occurrence)                            N.C.      U.S. N.C. Global Baetisca obesa                               a mayfly                        SR              Sl   G5 C: known in NC only from the lower Tar River (Edgecombe, Pitt)

Baetopus trishae a mayfly SR S1 G2 no locality data Barbaetisbenfieldi Benfield's Bearded Small Minnow SR - Si G2 M: Jacob Fork (Burke), French Broad Mayfly River (Buncombe, Transylvania), Caney Fork (Jackson); may be undersampled -- narrow window of collectibility) Cercobrachysetowah a caenid mayfly SR S2 G2 P: known in NC only from the Tar River; taxonomically difficult Choroterpesbasalis a mayfly SR S2 GS PSC: Waccamaw River (Columbus, Brunswick), Drowning Creek (Moore, Richmond), Bear Creek (Chatham), Lanes Creek (Union), UT Laurens Creek (Union), Dutchmans Creek (?) Dolaniaamericana American Sand Burrowing Mayfly SR FSC SH G4 C: only known NC occurrence is from the Black River; not seen since 1974 (Sampson*) Drunella longicornis a mayfly SR - S3 G5 M: recorded from nine streams and rivers in the mountains, from Watauga River (Watauga) to Williamson Creek (Transylvania) (Avery, Henderson, McDowell, Transylvania, Yancey) Ephemerellaberneri a mayfly SR S2 G3 PM: probably widespread in clean streams and rivers with Podostemum (Ashe, Buncombe, Burke, Durham, McDowell, Rockingham) Habrophlebiodesspp Habrophlebiodes mayflies SR S2 G? very small streams; no locality data Homoeoneuriacahabensis Cahaba Sand-filtering Mayfly SR SIS2 G2 P: South Fork Yadkin River (Davie), South Fork Catawba River (Lincoln), Hunting Creek (Iredell), Third Creek (Rowan), Second Broad River (Rutherford) Macdunnoa brunnea a mayfly SR S2 G3 MP: French Broad River (Buncombe), Mills River (Henderson), Hunting Creek (Davie, Iredell), Leepers Creek (Gaston), Yadkin River (Wilkes), Swift Creek (Nash) Serratellaspiculosa Spiculose Serratellan Mayfly SR - SIS2 G2 Reported from the state, but no specimens have been confirmed (Macon)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 45 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Tortopuspuella a mayfly SR Si G4 P: only one NC specimen known, from Tar River (Franklin*) INSECTS - STONEFLIES Attaneuria ruralis a stonefly SR S2 G4 MS: Cataloochee Creek (Haywood), West Fork Pigeon River (Haywood), South Fork New River (Ashe), Naked Creek (Richmond) Bolotoperla rossi - a stonefly SR S3 G4 M: known from eight streams and rivers in the mountains, from Ashe County to Transylvania County (Alleghany,.Ashe, Caldwell, McDowell, Transylvania, Watauga) Isoperlafrisoni a stonefly SR S3 G5 MP: known from six streams and - rivers in the mountains, from Ashe County to Macon County; also found in the Dan River (Ashe, Macon, Transylvania) Isopera lata a perlid sti:onefly SR S3 G5 M: recent state records from Fires Creek (Clay) and Big Creek (Haywood) Megaleuctra williamsae Williams' Rare Winter Stonefly SR Si G2 M: UT Cullasaja River (Macon), Cove Creek (Haywood), Mull Creek (Jackson), Beech Flats Prong (Swain); possibly undersampled -- semi-aquatic Perlinellaephyre a stonefly SR - S3 G5 PSC: known from eight streams and rivers in the Sandhills and inner Coastal Plain; also occurs in Flat River (Person) and Terrible Creek (Wake) Zapada chila a stonefly SR - SIS2 G2 M: small streams - Beech Flats Prong (Swain), also in Ashe County; hard to identify and may be undersampled INSECTS - CADDISFLIES Ceracleacancellata a caddisfly SR SIS2 G? PSC: Naked Creek (Richmond*), Roanoke River (Bertie), Ellis and Turnbull creeks (Bladen)

46 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Ceracleamentiea a caddisfly SR - S2 G? MP: Big Horse Creek (Ashe), North and South Forks of New River (Ashe, Alleghany), Mayo River (Rockingham) Ceraclea slossonae a caddisfly SR - S2? G? M: North Fork New River (Ashe), Johns River (Burke); may be more numerous but difficult to identify Dibusa angata a caddisfly SR - S3 G? P: South Yadkin River (Davie, Rowan), Eno River (Durham), Little River (Wake), Little River (Durham), Cane Creek (Orange) Diplectrona metaqui a diplectror tan caddisfly SR - S G? P: known in NC only from Hanging Rock State Park (Stokes), but has possibly been undersampled -- occurs in small streams Manophyk-d altus Mount Mitc.hell Caddisfly SR - Si G? M: recorded only from Mt. Mitchell (Yancey), but probably occurs elsewhere Matrioptilajeanae a caddisfly SR - S3 G? PM: known from ten streams and rivers in the Mountains and Piedmont; poorly sampled due to occurrence in small streams (Burke, Clay, Henderson, Johnston, Macon, Transylvania) Micrasema burksi a caddisfly SR - S3 G? M: known from eleven streams in the Mountains, from Avery County to Clay County (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Yancey) Micrasema sprulesi a caddisfly SR - S3 G? PM: known from eight streams and rivers, primarily in the Mountains but also in the Mayo River (Burke, Henderson, Macon, McDowell, Rockingham, Surry, Yancey) Palaeagapetuscelsus a caddisfly SR - S2 G? M: Wilson Creek (Avery), Boone Fork (Watuaga); may be undersampled due to occurrence in small streams Rhyacophila amicis a caddisfly SR - S2 G? M: Cullasaja River (Macon), Nantahala River (Macon, Clay), Whiterock Creek (Jackson), Spainhour Creek (Caldwell), North Toe River (? County), Deep Creek (? County), Oconoluftee River (Swain)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 47 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Rhyacophila mainensis a caddisfly SR S2 G? M: rivers and streams (Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Macon, McDowell, Swain, Transylvania, Yancey) Rhyacophila vibox a rhyacophilan caddisfly SR SIS2 G? MP: Whiteoak Creek (Macon), Mitchell River (Surry) Triaenodes marginata a triaenode caddisfly SR S3 G? PSC: Stewart Creek (Mecklenburg), Long Creek (Gaston), Whiteoak Creek (Polk); Lumber River (Robeson), UT Hitchcock Creek (Richmond), Mill Creek (Moore) INSECTS - DRAGONFLIES Aeshna tuberculifera Black-tipped Darner SR SIS2 G4 M: boggy or marshy ponds (Burke+, Wilkes+) Aeshna verticalis Green-striped Darner SR SIS2 G5 M: marshy ponds (Burke+, Henderson+) Corduliashurtleffli American Emerald SR Si?, G5 M: ponds, lakes, bogs (Burke+) Dromogomphus spoliatus Flag-tailed Spinyleg SR SR G4G5 M?: rivers, creeks, ponds Gomphus abbreviatus Spine-crowned Clubtail SR S3? G3G4 PC: rivers (Chatham+, Cumberland+, Durham+, Lee+, Mecklenburg+, Montgomery+, Moore+, Person+, Randolph+, Union+) Gomphus adelphus Moustached Clubtail SR SIS2 G4

   *M: small rivers with rapids (Avery+,

Haywood+, Madison+, Yancey+) Gomphus australis Clearlake Clubtail SR S2? G4 C: lakes and ponds (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Gomphus borealis Beaverpond Clubtail SR SH G4 M: lakes, ponds, streams (Mitchell*) Gomphus cavillaris brimleyi Brimley's Clubtail SR SIS2 . G4T3 C: sand-bottomed lakes and streams (Bladen+, Brunswick+) Gomphus consanguis Cherokee Clubtail SR FSC SIS2 G2G3 MP: small spring-fed streams (Burke+, Davie+) Gomphus descriptus Hlarpoon Clubtail SR Si? G4 M: large streams and rivers (Avery+, Haywood+) Gomphusfraternus Midland Clubtail SR - Si? G5 P: rocky rivers (Anson+, Stanly+)

48 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Gomphus lineatifrons Splendid Clubtail SR S2S3 G4 MP: rivers (Alleghany+, Ashe+, Avery+, Durham, Haywood+, Orange) Gomphus quadricolor Rapids Clubtail SR SIS2 G3G4

  '. P: rocky rivers (Chatham+, Moore+)

Gomphus septima Septima's Clubtail SR FSC S1S3 G2 P: rivers (Chatham, Durham*, Lee) Gomphus ventricosus Skillet Clubtail SR S1S2 G3 P: rivers (Caswell+, Franklin+, Vance+) Gomphus viridifrons Green-faced Clubtail SR - SIS2 G3 M: rivers (Alleghany+, Ashe+) Lanthus parvulus Northern Pygmy Clubtail SR SR G4 M: small spring-fed streams Libellulajulia Chalk-fronted Corporal SR 91 G5 M: bogs, marshes (Jackson) Macromia margarita Mountain River Cruiser SR FSC S2S3 G3 PM: rivers (Burke, Caldwell+, Macon+, Transylvania) Neurocorduliamolesta Smoky Shadowdragon SR - S2S3 G4 C: rivers (Bladen+, Cumberland+, Edgecombe+, Harnett+, Lenoir+, Richmond+, Sampson+, Wayne+) Neurocordulia virginiensis Cinnamon Shadowdragon SR - S2S3 G4 P: large rivers (Chatham+, Durham+, Halifax+, Harnett+, Nash+) Neurocorduliayamaskanensis Stygian Shadowdragon SR - S1S2 G5 M: rivers (Alleghany+, Madison+) Ophiogomphus aspersus Brook Snaketail SR - S1S2 G3G4 M: rapids of rivers and streams (Alleghany+, Ashe, Haywood+) Ophiogomphus edmundo Edmund's Snaketail SR FSC Si? GIG2 M: Blue Ridge Escarpment streams (Burke, Caldwell) Ophiogomphus howei Pygmy Snaketail SR FSC SIS2 G3 M: rivers (Alleghany, Ashe, Burke) Ophiogomphus mainensis1 Maine Snaketail SR - S2? G4

      *M:rapids of rivers and streams
    !:(Burke+, Caldwell+. Haywood+,

Mitchell+, Watauga+, Yancey+) Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis Rusty Snaketail SR - SR G5 I M: streams Progomphus bellei Belle's Sanddragon SR FSC SI G3 C: sand-bottomed lakes and streams (Bladen) Somatochlora elongata Ski-tailed Emerald SR - S2S3 G5 M: slow to moderate streams (Avery+, Burke+, Clay+, Jackson+, Macon+) Stylurus notatus Elusive Clubtail SR FSC SR G3 P: large rivers Stylurus scudderi Zebra Clubtail SR - S3? G4 M: streams and rivers (Ashe+, Avery+, Jackson+, Macon+, Swain+, Wilkes+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 49 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Stylurus townesi Townes' Clubtail SR FSC Si? G3 C: small rivers (Columbus+, Robeson+) Sympetrum obtrusum White-faced Meadowhawk SR Si? G5 M: boggy or marshy ponds and lakes (Watauga+) INSECTS - DAMSELFLIES Enallagma minusculum Little Bluet SR Si? G3G4 C: lakes and ponds (Bladen+) Enallagmasulcatum Golden Bluet SR Si? G4

    . C: ? (Columbus+)

Lestes congener Spotted Spreadwing SR Si? G5 M: ? (Alleghany+) INSECTS - FLIES Eulonchus marialiciae Mary Alice's Small-headed Fly SR SIS3 GIG3 M: high elevation hardwood-hemlock forests (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood, Jackson, Macon*, Swain, Transylvania) INSECTS - MOTHS Acronicta albarufa Barrens Daggermoth SR - SH G3G4 P: oak glades and barrens Acronicta sinescripta a dagger moth SR - SIS3 G? C: savannas and flatwoods (Brunswick+, Pender+) Agrotis sp I nr buchholzi a dart moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 SC: flatwoods with pyxie-moss (Bladen+, Brunswick, Craven+, Onslow+, Pender) Amphipyrinae new genus 2 sp 3 a canebrake moth SR - S2S3 G? C: woodland canebrakes Amphipyrinae new genus 4 sp I a canebrake moth SR - S2S3 G? C: woodland canebrakes Anacamptodes cypressaria an inchworm moth SR - SU G2G4 C: cypress swamps (Brunswick+, Dare, Martin+) Apamea inebriata a noctuid moth SR - SIS2 G3G4 C: sedge meadows Apamea mixta an owlet moth SR - S2? GU C: savannas Apantesis sp. I nr. carlona a tiger moth SR - S2? G4 C: savannas and sandhill seeps

50 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Callosamiasecurifera Sweetbay Silkmoth SR - S2S3 G4 C: pocosins and other wetlands with sweetbay (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Hoke+, Washington+) Catocalaamestris Three-staff Underwing SR - SIS2 G4 C: sand ridges and flatwoods with leadplant (New Hanover+) Catocaladulciola Sweet Underwing SR -. Su G3 M: forests with hawthorns (Alleghany*) Catocalagrisatra Grisatra Underwing SR - SIS3 G2G3 C: sandhills and dry woods with hawthorns (Bladen+) Catocala herodiasgerhardi Herodias Underwing SR - SU G3T3 M: oak forests, particularly with bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia) (Stokes+) Catocalajair Jair Underwing SR - SIS3 G4 SC: xeric pine-oak sandhills (New Hanover+, Richmond+) Catocala lincolnana Lincoln Underwing SR - S2S3 G3 C: wooded areas with hawthorns (Brunswick+, Martin+, Pender+) Catocala louiseae Louise's Underwing SR - S1S3 G4 C: flatwoods and other habitats with blueberries (Bladen+) Catocalamannorata Marbled Underwing SR - SIS3 G3G4 C: swamp forests with swamp cottonwood (Brunswick+, Martin+, New Hanover+) Catocalamessalina Messalina Underwing SR - S2? G4 T: maritime forests and xeric sandhills (Dare*, New Hanover+) Cerma cora a bird-dropping moth SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: levee forests with hawthorn (Martin+, New Hanover+) Chaetaglaeafergusomn a bird-dropping moth SR - SU G4 C: sandhills? (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Cyclophora sp I (culicariaof authors) Sand-myrtle Geometer SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: flatwoods with sand-myrtle (Lejophyllum) (Brunswick+) Doryodes sp I a new owlet moth SR - S3? G3G4 C: brackish marshes (Brunswick+, Carteret+, New Hanover+, Onslow+) Drasteriagraphica Graphic Moth SR S2S3 G4 T: maritime shrub thickets (Brunswick+, New Hanover+) Dysgonia similis an owlet moth SR S2S3 G3G4 C: pocosins and flatwoods (Brunswick+, Carteret+, Dare, Onslow+, Pender+, Washington+) Eubaphe meridiana The Little Beggar SR S2S3 G4 C: savannas

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 51 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Euchlaenamilnei M[ilne's Euchlaena SR SIS3 G2G4 M: unknown Eupitheciapeckorum arn inchworm moth SR C: sandhills and flatwoods (Brunswick+, New Hanover+, Pender+) Euxoa violaris V iolet Dart SR S2S3 G4 C: beach dunes Exyra semicrocea a pitcher-plant moth SR S2S3 G3G4 C: wetlands with pitcher-plants (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Gabarasp I a mowlet moth SR SU GU C: savannas and flatwoods (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Grammiaphyllira PIhyllira Tiger Moth SR - S2S3 G4 C: sandhills Grammia placentia Pllacentia Tiger Moth SR - S2S3 G4 SC: sandhills Heliomata infulata Rare Spring Moth SR - S2S3 G2G4 MPC: unknown habitat Hemeroplanissp I nr obliqualis arn owlet moth SR - S2S3 G? CP: unknown habitat Hemipachnobiamonochromatea Siundew Cutworm Moth SR - S1? G4 C: cranberry bogs and northern low pocosins (Dare) Hemipachnobiasubporphyrea V enus Flytrap Cutworm Moth SR FSC Si? GI C: savannas with Venus flytraps (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Carteret+, Pender) Hepialussciophanes a ghost moth SR - S1S3 GU M: spruce-fir forests Heterocampa varia a prominent moth SR - SH G3G4 SC: xeric pine-oak sandhills Hypagyrrisbrendac Brenda's Hypagyrtis SR - S2S3 G4 C: Atlantic white cedar forests (Dare) Hypomecis buchholzaria B uchholz's Gray SR - SH G3G4 C: fire-maintained glades and barrens Itame subcessaria B arred Itame SR - SIS3 G4? M: high elevation forests with gooseberries Lagoa pyxidifera Y ellow Flannel Moth SR - S2S3 G? C: savannas, flatwoods, and sandhills (Brunswick+, Pender+) Lithophane georgii a pinion moth SR - Si? G5 M: spruce-fir forests (Yancey+) Lithophane laceyi a pinion moth SR SIS3 G4? C: swamp forests (Brunswick+, New Hanover+, Pender+) Lithophane lemmeri Lt,emmer's Pinion SR SIS3 G3G4 CP: cedar glades and Atlantic white cedar forests (Craven, Wake+)

52 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Macrochilo louisiana Louisiana Owlet Moth SR S2S3 G4 C: grassy wetlands (Dare, New Hanover+, Onslow+, Pender+) Macrochilo sp I nr absorptalis a noctuid moth SR S1S2 G3

    - C: sedge meadows Meropleon cinnamicolor                    an owlet moth                   SR               S2S3   GU TC: coastal marshes (Carteret)

Meropleon diversicolorsullivani an owlet moth SR SIS3 G4TIT3 T: coastal marshes (Brunswick+, Craven+) Metarranthislateritiaria an inchworm moth SR SIS3 G2G4 C: flatwoods and pocosins (Brunswick, Dare+, Onslow+, Pender Metarranthissp I a new inchworm moth SR - S2S3 G3 C: pocosins (Brunswick+, Dare, New Hanover+, Washington+) Nematocampa baggetaria Baggett's Nematocampa - SR SU G2G4 C: unknown habitat (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Nemoria tuscarora Tuscarora Emerald SR SIS3 GU M: unknown habitat Papaipemaappassionata Pitcher-plant Borer Moth SR

• S2? G4 C: wetlands with pitcher-plants Papaipemaduplicata Dark Stoneroot Borer Moth SR SH G2G4 M: rich woods with Collinsonia canadensis Papaipemaeryngii Rattlesnake-master Borer Moth SR Si GIG2 C: savannas (Pender+)

Phragmatiphilainterrogans an owlet moth SR S2? G3G4 C: canebrakes (Carteret+) Ptichodisbistrigata Southern Ptichodis SR S2S3 G3 C: xeric sandhills (Bladen+, Brunswick+, New Hanover+, Onslow+) Pygarctiaabdominalis Yellow-edged Pygarctia SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: flatwoods? (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Pender+) Pyreferraceromatica Annointed Sallow Moth SR FSC SIS3 GU C: flatwoods and pocosins with Fothervilla? (Craven+) Schinia carolinensis Carolina Schinia SR S2S3 G? C: savannas Schiniajaguarina Jaguar Flower Moth SR SIS3 . G4 C: savannas and sandhills Schizura apicalis Plain Schizura SR - SIS3 G2G4 C: unknown habitat Schizura sp I a new prominent moth SR - SIS3 G3G4 PC: unknown habitat (Brunswick+, Onslow+, Wake+) Semiothisafraserata Fraser Fir Geometrid Moth SR - SIS2 G2Q M: spruce-fir forests

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 53 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Spartiniphagacarterae Carter's Noctuid Moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 C: savannas and sandhills with pinebarrens sandreed (Calamovilfa brevipilis) (Bladen+, Brunswick+, Carteret*, Pender) Tornos cinctarius a gray SR S2? G? C: unknown habitat Trichosilia manifesta an owlet moth SR S2S3 G4 C: sandhills (Brunswick+, New Hanover+, Onslow+, Pender+) Zale declarans an owlet moth SR S2S3 G5 T: maritime forests with live oak (Brunswick+, Carteret+, Dare+, New Hanover+) INSECTS - BUTTERFLIES Amblyscirtes alternata Dusky Roadside-Skipper SR S2 G3G4 SC: open pine woods, savannas; host plants -- unknown, but presumably grasses (Brunswick, Cumberland, Jones+, Moore, New Hanover+, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Scotland) Amblyscirtes reversa SReversed Roadside-Skipper SR - S3 G3G4 CSP: flatwoods, savannas, pocosin borders, near cane; host plant -- cane (Arundinaria) (Beaufort, Bertie+, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Dare, Franklin, Gaston+, Hoke, Martin+, Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Scotland) Atrytone arogosarogos A rogos Skipper SR FSC S G3G4TIT2 SC: savannas, open pinewoods, and other relatively undisturbed grasslands; host plants -- grasses, mainly pinebarrens sandreed (Calamovilfa brevipilis) (Brunswick+, Carteret, Moore*, New Hanover+, Richmond+) Atrytonopsis loammi L oammi Skipper SR FSC Si? G2G3 CT: grassy areas near the coast; host plants presumed to be Andopogon grasses (Brunswick, New Hanover+) Atrytonopsis sp I aii undescribed skipper SR FSC Si GI? T: dunes and sandy flats; host plant -- seaside little bluestem (Schizachyrium littorale) (Carteret, Onslow)

54 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Autochton cellus Golden Band rd-Skipper SR - SIS2 G4 MPC: moist woods near streams; host plant -- hog peanut (Ariphicarna bracteata) (Alleghany, Burke+, Caswell, Gaston+, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Madison+, Mitchell, Orange*, Pitt+, Polk+, Swain) Calephelis virginiensis Little Metalmark SR - S2 G4 C: savannas and pine flatwoods; host plant - vanilla-plant (Trilisa odoratissita) (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland+, Dare+, Moore+, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Callophrys hesseli Hessel's Hairs;treak SR - S3 G3G4 SC: Atlantic white cedar swamps; host plant - white cedar (Chamaecvoaris thvoides) (Bladen, Brunswick, Camden, Columbus, Cumberland*, Dare, Gates+, Hoke*, Moore, Pender, Richmond, Scotland, Tyrrell+, Washington+) Callophrys irus Frosted Elfin SR - S2 G3 SCPM: open woods and borders, usually in dry situations; host plants -- lupines (Luninus) and wild indigos (Baptisia) (Brunswick, Buncombe+, Cherokee+, Craven+, Cumberland+, Franklin, Gates+, Jones, Moore, Pender, Polk+, Richmond+, Scotland) Celastrinanigra Dusky Azure SR - S2? G4 M: rich, moist deciduous forests; host plant -- goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus) (Buncombe+, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Macon, Mitchell, Polk, Swain*, Transylvania+) Chlosyne gorgone Gorgone Chec:kerspot SR - S1? G5 M: woodland openings and borders; host plants -- sunflowers, rosinweeds, and other tall composites (Clay, Macon) Erora laeta Early Hairstre ak SR - S2S3 G3G4 M: deciduous forests, especially along roads or edges at high elevations; host plants -- mainly American beech (Fagus grandifolia) (Alleghany+, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe+, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Swain+, Transylvania+)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 55 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Erynnis martialis Mottled Duskywing SR - S3 G3G4 MPSC: upland woods and wooded edges; host plant -- New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) (Alleghany, Brunswick+, Buncombe+, Caswell, Craven+, Cumberland, Durham, Franklin, Gaston+, Granville, Henderson, Macon+, Montgomery, Moore+, Polk, Richmond+, Rutherford, Surry, Wake+, Warren, Yadkin) Euchloe olympia Olympia Marble SR - SI G4G5 M: high elevation openings and glades; host plants -- mainly cresses (Arabis) (Swain) Euphydryasphaeton Baltimore Checkerspot SR - S2 G4 M: bogs, marshes, wet meadows; rarely in upland woods; host plants -- turtlehead (Chelone) and false foxglove (Aureolaria) (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe+, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Polk+, Transylvania*, Watauga) Euphyes berryi Berrys Skipper SR - Si? G3G4 C: wet areas near ponds, canals, or marshes; host plant -- not known, but probably sedges (Carteret, Craven, Dare, Hyde) Euphyes bimacula Two-spotted Skipper SR - S2 G4 CSP: marshes, wet savannas, sedgy areas near wet woods; host plants -- sedges (Carex) (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Gates+, Harnett, Johnston, Jones+, Moore+, Pender, Vance) Euphyes dukesi dukesi Dukes' Skipper SR - SIS2 G3T3 CT: ecotones of brackish or fresh marshes with swamps; host plants -- sedges (Carex) (Beaufort, Brunswick, Craven+, Currituck) Fiseniafavoniusfavonius southern Oak Hairstreak SR - Si? G4T4 T: maritime forests along southern coast; host plant -- oaks, especially live oak (Quercus virginiana) (Brunswick+) Foxseniafavoniusontario Northern Oak Hairstreak SR S3? G4T4 MPSCT: oak-dominated woods, usually in dry sites; host plants -- oaks (Quercus) (Alleghany, Brunswick, Camden+, Carteret+, Caswell, Cleveland, Cumberland+, Currituck+, Dare*, Hoke, Hyde+, Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover, Orange, Pender+, Richmond, Wilkes)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 56 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Hesperia attalusslossonae Dotted Skipper SR S2S3 G3G4T3 SC: pine/oak sandhills, flatwooc Is, mainly in Sandhills; host plants grasses (Brunswick+, Craven+, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore+, Pe nder+, Richmond, Scotland) Hesperiameskei -Meske's Skipper SR S3 G2G4 SC: open pine woods, especially 'in Sandhills; host plants -- grasses (Bladen, Cumberland*, Hoke, M[oore, Onslow+, Richmond, Scotland) Megathymus cofaqui cofaqui Cofaqui Giant-Skipper SR Si? G3G4T3 P: monadnocks with yucca; host plant

     -- Yucca filamentosa (Alexander Polk*)

Neonympha mitchelljifrancisci Saint Francis' Satyr SR E S1 GlG2TI S: boggy areas, overgrown beave r (full species = Mitchell's Satyr) ponds, and pocosin margins witt sedges in sandhills; host plants -- sedges (taxon endemic to North Carolina) (Cumberland, Hoke) Papiliocresphontes Giant Swallowtail SR S2 G5 TCPM: primarily coastal in mari time forests or thickets; host plants - prickly ash (Zanthoxylum), hoptlree (Ptelea) (Alexander, Ashe, Brun!swick, Carteret, Cherokee+, Currituck+, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onsl ow, Orange*, Wake+) Phyciodes batesii maconensis Tawny Crescent SR FSC S2 G4TIT3 M: rocky ridges, woodland open ings, at higher elevations; host plants-asters, mainly Aster undulatus (Buncombe*, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swai n) Phyciodes cocyta Northern Crescent SR SU G5 M: rocky areas (in Appalachians] ),but habitat poorly known; host plants asters (Buncombe+) Phyciodes texana seminole Seminole Texan Crescent SR Sl? GST3T4 C: river floodplains; host plants - Acanthaceae (Brunswick, Columlbus) Poanes aaroniaaroni Aaron's Skipper SR SIS2 G4T4 T: brackish marshes along northe irn coast and sounds; host plants -- grasses, perhaps sattgrass (Distict Uis spicata) (Currituck+, Dare, Hyde' Polygoniafaunus smythi Smyth's Green Comma SR S2 G5T3T4 M: spruce, fir, or hemlock forests where mixed with hardwoods; ho plants -- mainly birches (Avery*, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Henderson+, Macon, Swain+, Transylvania*, Watauga+, Yance

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA 57 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Polygonia progne Gray Comma SR Si G5 M: rich deciduous forests; host plants

       -- mainly gooseberries (Ribes), but also on wild azalea (Rhododendron nudiflorum) (Avery, Buncombe, Clay, Madison+, Mitchell+, Swain+)

Problemabulenta Rare Skipper SR FSC Si G2G3 T: fresh to brackish marshes with tall grasses in Wilmington area; host plant

      -- wild rice (Zizania apuatica),

probably other tall grasses (Brunswick, New Hanover) Pyrgus wyandot Appalachian Checkered-Skipper SR FSC SH G2 M: openings and edges in wooded hilltops; host plants -- Rosaceae, such as cinquefoil (Potentilla) (Polk*, Transylvania*) Satyrium caryaevorum Hickory Hairstreak SR S1? G4 M: mid- to high elevation deciduous forests; host plants -- hickories (Carva) (Buncombe, Macon+, McDowell, Watauga) Satyrium edwardsii Edwards' Hairstreak SR S2? G4 SM: scrubby or xeric oak woods; host plants -- oaks (Quercus) (Cumberland, Hoke*, Macon, Moore, Polk+, Sampson. Scotland, Transylvania*, Watauga+) Satyrium kingi King's Hairstreak SR - S2S3 G3G4 SCPM: forests, often moist, usually near sweetleaf; host plant -- sweetleaf (Symplocos) (Brunswick, Carteret+, Craven, Cumberland, Dare*, Gaston, Hoke, Moore, Onslow+, Pender+, Richmond, Scotland, Transylvania+) Speyeria aphroditecullasaja Cullasaja Aphrodite Fritillary SR - Si? G5TI M: forest openings and edges west of the Little Tennessee River; host plants

     - violets (Viola) (Clay, Macon+)

Speyeria idalia Regal Fritillary SR FSC SH G3 M: wet or dry meadows, bogs, open hilltops; host plants -- violets (Viola) (Alleghany*, Ashe*, Avery, Wilkes*) INSECTS - GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS Eotettix pusillus Little Eastern Grasshopper SR - S2? G2G3 C: sandhills (wet swales?) Melanoplus angustipennisimpiger Narrow-winged Melanoplus SR - SIS3 G5T? C: sandhills Melanoplus attenuatus Slender-bodied Melanoplus SR SIS3 G2G3 C: wet swales in pinewoods

58 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE ANIMALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Melanoplus cherokee Cherokee Melanoplus SR - SIS3 GIG3 M: woodlands, 1800' - 5100' Melanoplusdecorus Decorated Spur-throat Grasshopper SR - S2S3 G3G4 C: savannas, flatwoods, low pocosins (Dare) Melanoplus divergens Divergent Melanoplus SR 51RS SIS3 G2G3 M: glades and balds, 1800' - 4717' Melanoplus mirus a short-winged mnelanoplus SR S2S3 G2G3 PC: open woodlands Melanoplus nigrescens Black-sided Spur-throat Grasshopper SR SIS3 GU CT: pinewoods and maritime forests Melanoplus nubilus a short-winged melanoplus SR S2S3 G2G3 C: flatwoods, savannas, sandhills Melanoplus serrulatus Serrulate Melanoplus SR SIS3 GIG3 M: valleys and lower slopes, Nantahala Mountains Melanoplus viridipeseurycerus Green-legged Melanoplus SR SIS3 G4T4 M: woodlands and forest edges Montezumina modesta Montezuma Katydid SR SU GU C: pinewoods and other habitats Scudderia septentrionalis Northern Bush Katydid SR SH G3? M: forests Stethophyma celatum Broad-winged Sedge Grasshopper SR SIS2 G4 C: bogs, wet tallgrass prairies (Pender) Trimerotropissaxatilis Rock-loving Grasshopper SR SIS2 G3? M: lichen-covered rock outcrops (Transylvania) INSECTS - BEETLES Cicindelalepida Little White Tiger Beetle SR - Si? G4 T: sand dunes along northern coast Cicindela patruela a tiger beetle SR - S2? G3 no location data; sandy soil in open pine or pine oak woods Lordithon niger Black Lordithon Rove Beetle SR - SH GU no location data Nicrophorusamericanus American Burying Beetle SR .E SH G2G3 M: sites with abundance of small vertebrate carrion Stenelmis gammoni Garmnon's Stenelmis Riffle Beetle SR FSC S1 GIG3 M- South Fork New River (Ashe*) INSECTS - TRUE BUGS Chlorochroadismalia Dismal Swamp Green Stink Bug SR S? GU C: swamps, bottormlands, flatwoods (Craven, Harnett*, Hyde*, Onslow*)

59 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST The North CarolinaAnimal Watch List includes animals that are rare or uncommon, are not well-studied, or are otherwise threatened with serious decline, but that are not placed on the List of Rare Animals of North Carolina by the NC NHP. Watch List species are additional indicators of significant habitats, and their presence should be considered in planning natural area protection efforts, though obviously with less weight than higher priority rare species and natural communities. The NC NHP maintains paper files on these species, but does not include them in its map and computer files. Animals placed on this list fall into a number of categories, as discussed below. The NC NHP requests additional information about these species in order to clarify their status and reclassify them into other appropriate and more specific categories. Reasons for the current placement of species on the Watch List rather than at a higher rarity status (Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, Significantly Rare) are varied. For many of them, the Natural Heritage Program lacks adequate documentation of their historic or present occurrence in North Carolina; this is especially true for invertebrates. Others are known to be rare or uncommon in North Carolina, but may or may not be declining. Some others may not be necessarily rare as yet, but they are undergoing significant losses of their habitat, such as animals of the spruce-fir forest, or are undergoing significant disturbances to their habitat, such as human disturbances to beach-nesting birds. The following five Watch Categories have been devised to indicate the reasons for each species' current placement(s). These categories and the descriptions of them have been developed by the NC NHP. A number of species have been placed in two Watch Categories, because it is believed they may be "in trouble" for at least two reasons. For example, the Red-breasted Nuthatch has a rather small breeding population in the state, in the higher elevations of the mountains, giving it a W2 status. However, as a portion of the breeding population occurs in the spruce-fir zone, which is undergoing degradation of the canopy, it is also given a W5 status, as well. Watch Categorv 1 (WI) includes species that are known to be declining in North Carolina, for one reason, or another. The distribution or population sizes of such species in the state are fairly well known; loss of habitat is not necessarily a factor. A large number of species are known to be declining in the state, such as Neotropical migrant birds, but the species in this category must have an N.C. Rank of S3S4 or higher (S3, S2, SI, etc.). Examples: American Black Duck, Slender Glass Lizard. Watch Categorv 2 (W2) includes species that are rare to uncommon in North Carolina, but are not necessarily considered to be declining or otherwise in trouble. Generally speaking, the distribution or population sizes of such species in the state are fairly well known. Examples: Baltimore Oriole, Coal Skink, Spotted Sunfish.

60 Watch Categorv 3 (W3) includes species that are poorly known in North Carolina, but are not necessarily considered to be declining or otherwise in trouble. The distribution and population sizes of such species are not well known; this is especially true for a large number of invertebrates, as well as secretive or nocturnal vertebrates. Examples: Striped Mud Turtle, Sandhills Salamander, Regal Darner. Watch Category 4 (W4) includes species reported from North Carolina without adequate documentation. These species should be listed at a higher level, if their reported occurrence in North Carolina is true. This category includes sight records of uncertain validity, old and vague reports for which no documentation has appeared, and, in a few cases, more recent reports for which we have not yet received documentation. Example: Cumberland Crayfish Ostracod. Watch Categorv 5 (W5) includes species with increasing amounts of threats to its habitat, whether or not populations are known to be declining. These threats can include loss of habitat (e.g., the dramatic loss of maritime forests), degradation of habitat (e.g., pollution and sedimentation of rivers and streams), and disturbance to the habitat (e.g., humans and their vehicles on beaches), among other types of threats. Threats can also include use of pesticides, acid rain, fire suppression, over-collection by zoologists, and varied other factors. Examples: American Kestrel, Georgia Satyr.

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 61 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global WATCH LIST CODES W1 = species known to be declining in the state; may need listing in upcoming years W2 = species rare to uncommon, but probably not in trouble W3 = species that is poorly known; perhaps needs listing in upcoming years W4 = species reported from the state without adequate documentation W5 = species with increasing amount of threats to its habitat, whether populations are known to be declining or not SC = Special Concern (see Page 3). Though still on the State Protected List, biologists consider the species to no longer need tracking by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program. MAMMALS Cervus canadensis Elk SC Si GS M: high elevation meadows, grass balds (released in Great Smoky Mountains NP) Lasiurusseminolus Seminole Bat W2 S3S4B,SZN G5 CP: forages over open areas, often over water (summer) Mustelafrenata Long-tailed Weasel W3 S3S4 G5 MPC: forests, brushy areas Sorex hoyi winnemana Southern Pygmy Shrew W2 S3 G5T4 MC: montane deciduous forests; old fields and forests in northeastern Coastal Plain Spilogaleputorius Eastern Spotted Skunk W2 S3 G5 M: open forests with rocks, cliffs, and other den sites Synaptomys cooperi stonei Southern Bog Lemming W2 S3 G5T? M: bogs and wet meadows Zapus hudsonius Meadow Jumping Mouse W2 S3 G5 MP: open moist fields and brushy places, usually near water BIRDS Only the breeding season populations are of concern; provinces and habitats are for these populations only. Accipiter cooperi Cooper's Hawk SC S3S4B,S4N G5 MPSC: forests and woodlands Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk W3 SUB,SZN G5 M: extensive, remote forests, main]ly at high elevations Ammodramus caudacutus Saltmnarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow W3 SUB,S4N G4 T: tidal marshes Ammodramus savannarum Grasshopper Sparrow Wl,W5 S3B,SIN G5 PSCM: pastures and other grasslan ds Anas discors Blue-winged Teal W2 SHB,S2N G5 TC: fresh to slightly brackish mars] usually at impoundments

62 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Narne Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Anas rubripes ikmerican Black Duck WI - S3B,S4N G5 TC: fresh or brackish marshes, often at impoundments Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl W3 - SUB,S3N G5 TC: coastal marshes Asio otus ILong-eared Owl W3 - SUB,SZN G5 M: high elevation forests in northern mountains Carduelispinus Pine Siskin W3 - SUB,S4N G5 M: spruce-fir forests Coragyps atratus Black Vulture SC S3S4 G5 MPSC: forested areas for nesting; forests or open country for foraging Corvus corax Common Raven W2 S3 G5 MP: cliffs for nesting; forests or fields (mainly at high elevations) for foraging Dendroicacoronata Yellow-rumped Warbler W3 SUB,S5N G5 M: spruce-fir forests, especially in immature stands Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink W3,W5 SUB,SZN G5 M: meadows and other grasslands Elanoidesforficatus Swallow-tailed Kite W3 FSC SUB,SZN G5 C: extensive swamps and bottormlands, [the subspecies E. f forficatus often forages over nearby fields or (American Swallow-tailed Kite) marshes is FSC, not the entire species] Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher W2 S3B,SZN G5 M: open hardwood forests, groves, strearnside trees Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher W2 S3B,SZN G5 MP: wet thickets in open country, often along streams in broad valleys Eudocimus albus White Ibis W2 S3B,S3N G5 T: forests or thickets on maritime islands Falco sparverius American Kestrel Wl,W5 - S3B,S5N G5 MPSC: open country; nests in cavities, even in buildings or poles in cities Helmitheros vermivorus pop I Worm-eating Warbler - Coastal Plain W5 - S3B,SZN G5T? C: nonriverine wet hardwoods, population pocosins Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole W2 S3B,S3N G5 MP: hardwood groves or streamside trees, in open country Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern W3 - S3B,SZN G5 TCSP: fresh or brackish marshes Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's Warbler W2,W5 - S3B,SZN G4 CSMP: forests with dense understory, often with cane in Coastal Plain and rhododendron in mountains Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser W3 - SlB,S4N G5 PMC: lakes and ponds, with dead trees for nesting

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 63 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned Night-Heron W2,W3 S3B,SZN G5 TCP: swamps; woods or thickets on maritime islands Pheucticusludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak Wl S3B,SZN G5 M: hardwood forests at mid- to high elevations Rallus elegans King Rail WI,W3 - S3B,S3N G4G5 TCPS: fresh to slightly brackish marshes Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned Kinglet W2 - S3S4B,S5N G5 M: spruce-fir forests; hardwood forests mixed with spruce or hemlock Sitta canadensis Red-breasted Nuthatch W2,W5 - S3B,S4N G5 M: high-elevation coniferous forests, preferably spruce-fir Spiza americana Dickcissel W3,W5 - S2B,SZN G5 PC: fallow fields and pastures with tall forbs Sternaforsteri Forster's Tern W2 - S3B,S5N G5 T: salt or brackish marshes, nesting on wrack material or matted grasses Sternafuscata Sooty Tern W2 - SUB,S3N GS T: sand flats on maritime islands; forages over open ocean Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern W2,W5 - S3B,SZN G5 T: sand flats on maritime islands Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow W2 - S2S3B,S4N G5 MPC: cavities near ponds or other open water Troglodytes troglodytes Winter Wren W2,W5 - S3B,S5N G5 M: cool, moist forests at mid- to high elevations Tyto alba Barn Owl W2,W3 - S3B,S3N G5 MPSCT: extensive open country, nesting in old buildings, silos, large tree cavities REPTILES Apalone spinifera aspera Gulf Coast Spiny Softshell W2 - S3 G5T5 PC: large streams, ponds, and lakes with sandy bottoms Cemophoracoccinea Scarlet Snake Wl,W5 - S3 G5-CSPM: sandhills, sandy woods, and other dry woods Clemmys guttata Spotted Turtle WI - S3 G5 CTSP: shallow water of pools, marshes, wet pastures and other smaller wetlands Eumeces anthracinus Coal Skink W2 - S3 G5 M: rocky slopes, wooded hillsides, roadbanks

• 64 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Faranciaerytrogramma Rainbow Snake Wl - S3 G5 CS: swamps, lakes, rivers, and other sluggish water Kinosternon baurii Striped Mud Turtle W3 - S3? G5 C: various shallow wet places; ponds, pools, ditches Lampropeltis triangulumelapsoides Scarlet Kingsnake Wl,W5 - S3 G5T5 CSPM: pine flatwoods, mesic pine-hardwood forests Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum Eastern.Milk Snake W3 S2S3 G5T5 MP: wooded slopes, pastures, meadows, especially in rocky areas Ophisaurusattenuatus Slender Glass Lizard Wl S3 G5 CPSM: old fields, wooded edges, open woods Rhadinaeaflavilata Pine Woods Snake W2 S3 G4 C: pine flatwoods and other damp woodlands Virginia valeriae Smooth Earth Snake W2 S3 G5 CSPM: deciduous or mixed woods, usually in mesic soils AMPHIBIANS Desmognathus imitator Imitator Salamander W2 S3 G3 M: cool, moist high elevation hardwood or spruce-fir forests; nearly confined to Great Smoky Mountains National Park Eurycea sp I Sandhills Salamander W3 - S3? G3?Q C: small streams in the Sandhills Hyla andersoniI Pine Barrens Treefrog W2 S3S4 G4 SC: pocosins, bay forests, boggy areas Plethodon meridianus South Mountain Gray-cheeked W2 S3S4 GIG2 P: mesic forests of the South Salamander [G3G4]

Mountains (endemic to this area) Plethodon richmondi Southern Ravine Salamander W2 S3 G5 M: moist, high-elevation forests, usually on slopes; northern mountains Pseudacrisbrimleyi Brimley's Chorus Frog Wl S3S4 G5 C: swamps, marshes, and other wetlands Siren lacertina Greater Siren W3 S3? G5 CS: lakes, ponds, and streams, especially where muddy or with weedy vegetation Stereochilus marginatus Many-lined Salamander W3 S3? G5 CS: swamps, shallow wooded ponds in savannas

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 65 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global FRESHWATER FISHES Ameiurus brunneus Snail Bullhead WI S3 G4 PCMS: many drainages Ameiurus platycephalus Flat Bullhead Wl - S4 G5 PCMS: many drainages Cyprinella labrosa Thicklip Chub W2 S3 . G4 P: Yadkin, Catawba, and Broad drainages Cyprinellaspiloptera Spotfin Shiner W2 S2S3 G5 M: primarily New and French Broad drainages Enneacanthus chaetodon 3lackbanded Sunfish WI S3 G4 CS: many drainages, particularly Lumber and Waccamaw Etheostoma thalassinum Seagreen Darter W5 S3 G4 MP: Santee River drainage Etheostoma zonale 3anded Darter W5 S3 G5 M: small to medium mountain streams Lepomis punctatus Spotted Sunfish W2 S3 G5 C: most drainages in southern Coastal Plain Lythrurus matutinus Pinewoods Shiner W2 FSC S3S4 G3 CP: Tar and Neuse drainages LG3G4] (endemic to North Carolina) Moxostoma carinatum River Redhorse W2 S2 G4 M: French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee drainages Nocomis platyrhynchus Bigmouth Chub W2 S2 G4Q M: New drainage Nocomis raneyi Bull Chub Wl S3 - G4 PC: Atlantic slope drainages Notropis chalybaeus roncolor Shiner W5 S3? G4 C: Coastal Plain rivers and creeks Notropis maculatus 1Taillight Shiner W2 S2 G5 C: southern Coastal Plain drainages Notropis scabriceps New River Shiner W2 S3 G4 M: New drainage Notropis volucellus Mrimic Shiner W2,W3 - S3 G5 MPC: scattered drainages in mountains and near Fall Line Percina aurantiaca Tangerine Darter W2 - S3 G4 M: Tennessee drainages Percinagymnocephala Appalachia Darter W2 - S3 G4 M: New drainage Phenacobius crassilabrum FFatlips Minnow W2 - S3 G3G4 M: Little Tennessee, French Broad, and Toe drainages

66 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Comnmon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER BIVALVES Elliptio cistellaeformis Box Spike W3,W5 SU G4Q C: Neuse, Lumber, Pee Dee drainages; Lake Waccamaw Elliptio congaraea Carolina Slabshell W2,W5 - S3 G4 C: drainages north to the White Oak drainage Ellipti; producta Atlantic Spike W3,W5 - SU G4Q C: Lake Waccamaw, and perhaps elsewhere; very difficult to identify Elliptio raveneli Carolina Spike W3,W5 - SU GU PC: most rivers in southern part of state; taxonomic problems Elliptio sp 2 File Spike W3 - SU GUQ C: lakes and rivers in southeastern part of state Lampsilis sp 3 a binialve W3 - Si? GU no locality data MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER GASTROPODS Gyraulus deflectus Flexed Gyro W3 - S2? G5 C: eastern Coastal Plain Promenetusexacuous Sharp Sprite W3 - S2? G5 C: mainly Chowan and Pasquotank basins MOLLUSKS - TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS Stenotrema pilula Pygmy Slitmouth W3 - SU G3G4 I no locality data ARACHNIDS Nesticus bishopi a nesticid spider W3 S3? G3? M: on ground in forests (endemic to North Carolina) Nesticus gertschi a nesticid spider W4 Si? GI? M: caves; Bat Cave, NC, and in Tennessee Nesticus nasicus a nesticid spider W3 S3? G3? M: boulderfields and cove forests (apparently endemic to Jackson. County, NC) Nesticus reclusus a nesticid spider W3 S3? G3? M: on ground in forests (apparently in Buncombe, McDowell, and Swain counties, NC, and in Tennessee)

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 67 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Nesticus sp 2 a nesticid spider W3 SIS3 GIG3 M: on ground in forests (only known from Clay County, NC) Vaejovis carolinianus Carolina Scorpion W2,W3 - S2? G5 MP: under shelter of rocks, leaves, and buildings, along southern border of state CRUSTACEANS Cambaruscarolinus Red Burrowing Crayfish W3 - S2 G4 M: Little Tennessee and Hiwassee [G3G4] drainage Cambarus chasmodactylus New River Crayfish W5 - S3 G4 M: rivers and large streams in New [G4G51 River drainage Cambarus hiwasseensis Hiwassee Crayfish W2 S3S4 G3G4 M: streams in Hiwassee drainage [G4] Cambarussp A (cf C howardi) a crayfish from western NC W3 S2S3 GU MP: many drainages in mountains and [G41 upper Piedmont Canthocamptus vagus Swamp Canthocamptus W2,W3 - S3? CP: in benthos of lakes and ponds within swampy environments Cytheridella ilosvayi Backwater Ostracod W3 - S2? G? C: quiet backwaters associated with large coastal rivers Dactylocythere chelomata Cherokee Crayfish OstracocI W2,W3 - S2? G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in streams and rivers in southwestern mountains Dactylocytherepeedeensis Pee Dee Crayfish Ostracod W3 - S2? G? P: symbiotic on crayfish in Pee Dee drainage (endemic to North Carolina, but likely occurs in South Carolina) Dactylocythere susanae Hiwassee Crayfish OstracodI W2,W3 - S2? G3G4 M: symbiotic on crayfish in Hiwassee and Nolichucky drainages Harpagocytherebaileyi Highlands Crayfish Ostraco d W3 S2? M: symbiotic on crayfish in Little Tennessee and Savannah drainages (endemic to North Carolina, but likely occurs in SC and GA) Hesperodiaptomusaugustaensis Augusta Hesperodiaptomus W3 SH G? P: ephemeral ponds, such as floodplain pools; near Chapel Hill Lordocytherepetersi Cumberland Crayfish Ostraccod W4 - SR G? M: symbiotic on crayfish in the Hiwassee drainage (record based on a sketch only) Orconectes cristavarius a crayfish W3 S3 G5 M:.New drainage Procambarusancylus Edisto Crayfish W2 S3 G4G5 C: ditches, streams, and lakes in [G4] southeastern corner of the state

68 . NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Procambarusblandingii Santee Crayfish W3 - S3S4 G4 C: Lumber and Waccamaw drainages [G4G5] Procambarusmedialis Tar River Crayfish W3 - S2 G3 C: sluggish streams and ditches in Tar [G2] and Neuse drainages (endemic to North Carolina) Procambaruspearsei Sandhills Crayfish W2 S4 G4 C: still-water habitats and burrows in Cape Fear and Pee Dee drainages Stygobromus sp I Plott Balsam Sideswimmer W3 Si? M: seep below Jones Knob (endemic to North Carolina) INSECTS - MAYFLIES Ameletus cryptostimulus a mayfly W5 S2 G4 M: small mountain streams Anthopotamus myops a mayfly W3 S3 G5 M: First Broad River (Cleveland) Anthopotamus verticis Walker's Tusked Sprawler W3 S3 G5 P: recorded in Yadkin River (Caldwell) and Flat River (Person) but probably is more widespread Baetisca lacustris a mayfly W4 S3? G5 M: Wilson Creek (Caldwell) Centroptilum sp nov a mayfly W4 Si? M: Little Ivy Creek (Madison) Drunella walkeri pop I a mayfly W5 Si? G5 P: disjunct population in Sandy/Swift Creek (Nash) Ephemerella argo Argo Ephemerellan Mayfly W3 S2S3 G4 SC: Lower Little River (Hoke), Naked Creek (Richmond), Drowning Creek (Richmond), Lumber River (Robeson, Scotland); needs more sampling in the spring (Bertie, Halifax, Martin, Moore, Northampton, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland) Ephemerella crenula Smoky MountainsEphemerellan W3 SR G3 no locality data Mayfly, Ephemerella hispida a mayfly W5 S1S2 G5 M: recorded from four streams in Alleghany and Haywood counties Eurylophella enoensis a mayfly W5 - S3 G4 CMP: wide-ranging but infrequently collected Eurylophella minimella a mayfly W2 - S3 G4 CMP: a widespread species, but rare in North Carolina Heterocloeon sp nov a mayfly W4 - S2 G? no locality data Leptophlebia bradleyi a mayfly WS - S2 G5 no locality data

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 69 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Leptophlebiajohnsoni Johnson's Pronggill Mayfly W2 S2 G4 no locality data Nixe sp nr inconspicua a mayfly W5 Sl 05 M: very rare, collected from upper Johns River, upper Wilson Creek, and Harper Creek Paracloeodesfleeki a mayfly W3 S3 G? no locality data Platiditusgloveri a mayfly W3 S2 G2 no locality data Pseudironcentralis White Sand-river Mayfly W2 S2S3 G5 P: no locality data (Iredell) Pseudocentroptiloidesusa a mayfly W3 S2 G2 no locality data Rhithrogena uhari a mayfly WS S3 G3 no locality data Siphloplecton speciosum a mayfly WS S2 G3 PS: Lumber River Stenonema lenati a mayfly W5 S3 G3 often in vulnerable habitats; no locality data Stenonema sp nov a mayfly W2 Si G? M: upper Wilson Creek and lower Linville River (Caldwell, Burke) Tricorythodes robacki a mayfly W3 S3 G3 P: Uwharrie River and other sites (Chatham, Johnston*, Montgomery) INSECTS - STONEFLIES Acroneuria evoluta a stonefly W5 - S2 G5 P: central slate belt streams (Randolph, Chatham, Stanly, Montgomery, Moore) Acroneurialycorias a stonefly W3 SU G5 C: Barbecue Swamp (Harnett) Acroneuria mela a stonefly W5 S3 C: Cape Fear, Neuse, Lumber, Black, South, and Waccamaw rivers Acroneuria perplexa a perlid stonefly W4 - S2 G4 M: Panthertown Creek, Left Prong Stony Fork (Jackson, Wilkes) Agnetina annulipes a stonefly W3 - S3S4 G5 CMP: recorded from nine streams and rivers from the mountains to the Coastal Plain Agnetinaflavescens a stonefly W3 - S3S4 G5 PM: recorded from nine streams and rivers, primarily in the mountains but also from Mayo River Alloperla lenati a stonefly W5 - Si G? SC: Lumber River at Wagram and Upper Rockfish Creek

70 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Diploperlamorgani a stonefly W3 S3 G2 PM: Ashe, Burke, Caldwell, Clay, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Surry, Swain Helopicus bogaloosa a stonefly W3 S3 G3 PC: known from eleven streams and rivers in Piedmont, Sandhills, and Inner Coastal Plain Hydroperlaphormidia a stonefly W4 S2 G3 PSC: Lumber River and Pee Dee River Isogenoides varians a stonefly W2 S2 G3 P: Yadkin River (Davie) Isoperla burksi a spring stonefly W4 S2 G4 P: slate belt streams (Orange, Durham, Chatham) Isoperla sp nov I a stonefly W4 S2? G? S: Little Crane Creek (Moore) Isoperla sp nov 2 a stonefly W5 S2 G? S: upper Lumber River, Naked Creek (Hoke, Moore, Richmond) Oemopteryx contorta a stonefly W3 SU G4 C: Recent record from Suck Creek (Moore) Paragnetinasp nov? a stonefly W4 Si? G? M: Wilson Creek (Caldwell) Perlesta puttnami a stonefly W4 S2? G? no locality data Pteronarcysbiloba a stonefly W3 S3 G5 M: streams in Cherokee and Madison counties Shipsa rotunda a stonefly W3 S2S3 G5 CPM: known from twelve streams in mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain Viehoperla ada a stonefly W3 - Si? . G3 no locality data Yugus arinus a stonefly W3 S3 G3 no locality data INSECTS - CADDISFLIES Agapetus hessi a glossosomatid caddisfly W5 - S2 G? P: Swift Creek (Nash) Agapetus pinatus a caddisfly W3 - S3 G? M: mountain streams (Transylvania, Haywood, Graham, Cherokee) Agapetus tomus a caddisfly W5 - S2 G? M: mountain streams (Cherokee) Ceracleacama a caddisfly W5 - Si G? C: Lake Waccarnaw Ceracleasp nov 3 Morman's Ceraclea Caddisfly W5 - Si G? M: Panthertown Creek (Jackson)

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 71 Scientific Name Commnon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Ceracleasp nov 4 a caddisfly W5 S2 G? C: streams in Columbus County Ceraclea tarsipunctata a caddisfly W3 S3 G? P: Cane Creek, Yadkin River, Long Creek Ceratopsyche ventura a caddisfly W5 S3 G? no locality data Ceratopsyche walkeri a caddisfly W4 Sl? G? M: Beech Creek (Watauga) Culoptila thoracica a caddisfly W2 S4? G? no locality data Goerita betteni a caddisfly W4 M: cold spring runs in mountainous areas Goeritasemata a caddisfly W4 - S? G? M: cold spring runs in mountainous areas Helicopsyche paralimnella a caddisfly W3 - S2 G? M: Fires Creek (Clay), Bearwallow Creek (Transylvania) (confined to southwestern mountains in NC) Homoplectraflinti a caddisfly W4 - S2 G? M: streams in Haywood and Macon counties Hydroptila coweetensis a caddisfly W4 - S G? M: Coweeta Creek (Macon) Hydroptila lloganae Llogan's Vari-colored Microcaddisfly W4 - S2 GIG3 S: Lumber River Mayatrichiaayama a caddisfly W5 - S2 G? no locality data Molannauniophila a caddisfly W3 - S3 G? C: found in larger rivers and lakes from Chowan River (Hertford) to Drowning Creek (Richmond) and Lake Waccamaw (Columbus) Nectopsyche sp nov a caddisfly W5 - Si G? C: Lake Waccamaw Neophylax fuscus a caddisfly W3 - S3 G? MP: Johns River (Caldwell), South Fork New River (Ashe), North Fork New River (Ashe), New River (Alleghany), Alleghany Creek (Alleghany), Swift Creek (Nash), Little Fishing Creek (Halifax) Neotrichia sp a caddisfly W5 52 no locality data Oecetis morsei Morse's Long-horn Sedge W3 S3 G2 5: uknown locality Oecetis porteri Porter's Long-horn Sedge W5 S3 GH C: White Lake and Lake Waccamaw Oecetis sp B a caddisfly W5 Si G? C: Lake Mattamuskeet and Perquimans River Oecetis sp D a caddisfly W5 Sl G? C: Lake Waccamaw

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 72 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Oecetis sp E a caddisfly W5 S2 G? SC: bay lakes and swamp streams Oecetis sp F a caddisfly W5 S3 G? C: unknown locality Oropsyche howellae a caddisfly W4 S2 G? M: streams in Haywood, Jackson, and Macon counties Pseudogoerasingularis a caddisfly W5 Si G? M: Coweeta Creek, and seep near upper Wilson Creek (Caldwell) Psilotretaamera a caddisfly W5 S2 G? M: mountain streams (Haywood, Macon, Swain) Psilotretarossi a caddisfly W5 S2 G? M: seeps and springs (Macon, Transylvania) Psilotretarufa a caddisfly W2 S3? G? M: mountain streams (Macon, Transylvania) Rhyacophila accola a caddisfly W5 Si G? M: mountain streams Rhyacophila appalachia a rhyacophilan caddisfly W5 S2 G3 M: mountain streams Rhyacophila montana a caddisfly W5 S2? G? M: high elevation seeps (Swain) Setodes arenatus a caddisfly W5 S2 G? C: Lumber River Setodes stehri a caddisfly W5 S3 G? M: unknown locality Triaenodes melacus a caddisfly W3 S3? G? no locality data Triaenodessp nov C a caddisfly W5 Si G? S: bays in Scotland County Triaenodessp nov D a caddisfly W5 Si? G? C: Lake Waccamnaw Wormaldia thyria a caddisfly W3 S3 G3?

     ?: Reported from NC, but without occurrence data INSECTS - DRAGONFLIES Aphylla williamsoni                       Two-striped Forceptail    W3          S3?  G5 C: lakes and rivers Arigomphus pallidus                       Gray-green Clubtail       W3     -    Sl?  G5 C: ponds, lakes, and streams Arigomphus villosipes                     Unicorn Clubtail          W3     -    S3?  G5 MPC: ponds, lakes, slow-flowing streams Boyeria grafiana                          Ocellated Darner          W3     -    S3?  G5 M: rocky forest streams Cordulegastererronea                      Tiger Spiketail           W2     -    S3?  G4 MP: small forested streams Coryphaeschnaingens                       Regal Darner              W3     -    S3?  G5 C: lakes and ponds

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 73 Scientific Name Comnnon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Dromogomphus armatus Southeastern Spinyleg W3 - S3? G4 C: pools in slow-flowing rivers Epitheca spinosa Robust Baskettail W3 - S3S4 G4 PC: ponds and lakes Erpetogomphus designatus Eastern Ringtail W3 - S3? G5 PC: streams and rivers Gomphus apomyius Banner Clubtail W3 - S3? G4 PC: spring-fed streams Gomphus diminutus Diminutive Clubtail W2 - S3S4 G3 S: sand-bottomed streams Gomphus dilatatus Blackwater Clubtail W3 - S3? G5 PC: rivers Gomphus rogersi Sable Clubtail W2 - S2S3 G4 M: small spring-fed streams Libellula quadrimaculata Four-spotted Skimmer W3 - SR G5 M: marshy ponds Macrodiplax balteata Marl Pennant W3 - S2S3 G5 C: ponds and lakes, usually brackish or near marl Nannothemis bella Elfin Skimmer W3 - S3S4 G4 S: boggy swales Orthemisferruginea Roseate Skimmer W2 - S2S4 G5 C: ponds and slow-flowing streams Stylurus amnicola Riverine Clubtail W3 - S3? G4 MPC: rivers Triacanthagynatrifida Phantom Darner W3 - S2? G5 C: slow-flowing streams INSECTS - DAMSELFLIES Calopteryx amata Superb Jewelwing W3 - S3? 04 M: cold, shallow, rocky rivers Lestesforcipatus Sweetflag Spreadwing W3 - S2S3 G5 P: vegetated ponds Lestes vidua Carolina Spreadwing W3 - S2? G5 C: ponds and pools INSECTS - MOTHS Abrostola ovalis a looper moth W3 SU G4 M: high elevation forests with nettles Acrapex relicta a cane borer W3 S2S3 G4 C: canebrakes Acronicta hamamelis Puzzling Dagger Moth W3 Su 04? MP: unknown Acronicta lanceolaria Lanceolate Daggermoth W3 S3? G4 C: flatwoods Acronicta perblanda Cypress Daggermoth W3 SIS2 G? C: cypress swamps Amphipyrinae, new genus I sp I a canebrake moth W3 SIS2 G? MC: woodland canebrakes Amphipyrinae, new genus 2 sp I a canebrake moth W3 SIS2 G? C: woodland canebrakes

74 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Cornmon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. . U.S. N.C. Global Amphipyrinae, new genus 2 sp 2 a canebrake moth W3 S3S4 G? C: woodland canebrakes Anticlea multiferata Many-lined Carpet W3 - SU G5 MPC: unknown Apantesis carlona Carlotta's Tiger Moth W3 - S3? G4 M: unknown Argillophorafurcilla a cane moth W3 S2S3 G2G4 C: canebrakes Argyrostrotis carolina an owlet moth W3 - SH G? no locality data Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris Four-lined Chocolate W3 - S3? G4 C: pocosins and flatwoods Arugisa watsoni Watson's Arugisa W3 - S3? G4 PC: sedgy glades Bleptina sangamonia an owlet moth W3 - S2? G4 C: sandhills Bomolocha appalachiensis Appalachian Bomolocha W3 - SU G3G4 M: unknown Caberaquadrifasciaria Four-lined Cabera W3 SU G? C: unknown Caripetaaretaria Southern Pine Looper W3 - S3? G4 MPC: pine forests Catocalablandula ssp I Southern Charming Underwing W3 SIS3 G5T3 C: riparian hawthorns Catocalaorba Orba Underwing W3 SU G4 C: levee forests with hawthorn Catocalapretiosa texarkana Texarkana Underwing W3 - SU G4T4 MPC: unknown Catocalasappho Sappho Underwing W3 - SU G4 P: bottomland hardwoods with hickories Cepphis sp I nr decoloraria a new inchworm moth W3 - S3? GUQ C: unknown Ceratonyx satanaria an inchworm moth W3 S2? G4 C: swamps and bottomlands Chrysanymphaformosa Formosa Looper Moth W3 - S3S4 G5 MP: heath thickets Chytonix sensilis an owlet moth W3 - S3? G4 C: sandhills and flatwoods Cisthene kentuckiensis Kentucky Lichen Moth W3 - SU G4 C: bottomflands? Cleora projecta Projecta Gray W3 S3? G4 C: peatlands and flatwoods Cosmosoma myrodora an owlet moth W3 - SU G? C: on climbing hempweed Cryphia cyanympha an owlet moth W3 - SU G? C: sandhills Cycnia inopinatus Unexpected Cycnia W3 - SU G4 MPC: on milkweeds Dasychiraatrivenosa a tussock moth W3 - S3? G4 C: hardwood forests Dasychiraleucophaea a tussock moth W3 - SU G4 C: unknown Datanarobusta a prominent moth W3 - S2? G? C: savannas, flatwoods, and sandhills

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 75 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Doryodes bistrialis an owlet moth W3 S3S4 G4 C: savannas and flatwoods Dysgonia smithii Smith's Darkwing W3 S3? G4 C: flatwoods Erastriacoloraria Broad-lined Catopyrrha W3 SU G4 no locality data Euagrotis lubricans Slippery Dart Moth W3 S3? G4 SC: savannas and flatwoods Euagrorissimplicia a noctuid moth W3 SU G? C: unknown Eucoptocnemis dapsilis an owlet moth W3 S2S3 G4 C: unknown Euxoa declarata a dart moth W3 SU G4G5 M: unknown Exyrafax Purple Pitcher-plant Moth W3 S3? G4 PC: wetlands with purple pitcher-plants Exyra ridingsii a pitcher-plant moth W3 S3? G3G4 PC: wetlands with yellow pitcher-plants Farontaaleada an owlet moth W3 SU G? C: unknown Farontarubripennis Pink Streak W3 S2S3 G3G4 C: beach grasslands Gabaradistema humeralis an owlet moth W3 S3? G4T? C: savannas Gabarapulverosalis an owlet moth W3 S3? G4 C: savannas Hypocoena enervata an owlet moth W3 SU G4 C: tidal marshes Hypomecis longipectinaria a wave W3 SU G? C: hardwood stands Idaea eremiata a wave W3 SU G4 C: sandhills Idaea micropterata a wave W3 S3? G? C: unknown Idaea ostentaria a wave W3 S3? G? C: sandhills Idaea productata a wave W3 S2S3 G4 C: sandhills Idaea scintillularia a wave W3 SU G? C: unknown Idaea violacearia Violaceous Wave W3 S3? G4 C: sandhills and dunes Lepipolys perscripta an owlet moth W3 SU G4 C: on toadflax Leptostales laevitaria a wave W3 SU G? C: unknown Leucania callidior Cane Wainscot W3 SU GU C: canebrakes Leucania incognita an owlet moth W3 SU G? C: savannas Lithacodiasp I a bird-dropping moth W3 S1S3 G4 C: pocosins and other wetlands

76 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Lithophane lepidaadipel a pinion moth W3 SU G4T4 C: unknown Litoprosopusfutilis Palmetto Borer W3 SU G4 C: palmettos Lobocleta peralbata an inchworm moth W3 SU G? C: unknown Macrochilosanterivalis an owlet moth W3 SU G3G4 C: brackish marshes Meropleon diversicolor a noctuid moth W3 SU G4 MC: sedge meadows Metalectra albilinea White-lined Fungus Moth W3 S3? G? C: unknown Metalepsisfishii an owlet moth W3 SU G4G5 C: heath thickets Morrisoniasp I a new woodgrain moth W3 S3? G3G4 C: unknown Nemoria bifilata an emerald moth W3 I S3? G4 C: sandhills Nemoria bifilatabifilata an emerald moth W3 S3? G?.T? C: sandhills Neoplynes eudora a wasp moth W3 SU G? C: unknown New noctuid genus I a new reddish cane borer moth W3 S3 GU C: canebrakes Notondontidae, new genus I species I a new prominent moth W3 S2S3 G3G4 C: hardwoods? Oligia chlorostigma a brocade moth W3 SU G4 C: unknown Orgyia detrita a tussock moth W3 S3? G4 C: maritime forests Paoniasastylus Huckleberry Sphinx W3 S3S4 G4G5 C: heath thickets Papaipemabaptisiae Wild Indigo Borer Moth W3 SSU G4 P: on Baytisia or Anocvnum Papaipemalysimachiae Loosestrife Borer Moth W3 SU G4 M: on loosestrife Papaipernasp 3 Southeastern Cane Borer Moth W3 S3? G4 C: canebrakes Parahypenodesquadralis an owlet moth W3 SIS2 G4 C: unknown Pimapherapercata an inchworm moth W3 SIS2 G? C: unknown Properigeatapeta an owlet moth W3 S2S3 G? C: bottomlands? Pyreferrapettiti a sallow moth W3 SU G? PC: on Ostrya Schinia inclara a flower moth W3 - SU G? C: marshes and sandhills with Heterotheca Schinia nubila a flower moth W3 SU G? C: unknown Schinia obscurata Obscure Schinia W3 S2S3 G4 C: sandhills Schinia scissoides a flower moth W3 SU G? C: open areas

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 77 Scientific Name Conmmon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Schinia siren a flower moth W3 - SU G? C: open maritime forests Schinia sordida a flower moth W3 SU G4? C: savannas Scopula aemulata a wave moth W3 - SU G? MC: on Trillium Scopula cacuminaria Frosted Tan Wave W3 - S3? G4 C: sandhills Scopula ordinata a wave W3 S2S3 G5 CM: mesic hardwoods Scopula purata Chalky Wave W3 - S3? G4 C: acidic wetlands Semiothisa eremiata Three-lined Angle W3 - S3? G4 C: on Tephrosia Semiothisa ordinata rAmorpha Angle W3 - S2S3 G? C: sandhills Semiothisa punctolineata an angle W3 - SU G? C: unknown Sphingicampa bicolor Honey Locust Moth W3 - S3S4 G5 C?: on honey locust Sphinxfranckii Franck's Sphinx W3 - SU' G4 P: on Fraxinus Spilosoma dubia Dubious Tiger Moth W3 - S3S4 G? C: acidic wetlands Stiria rugifrons an owlet moth W3 - SU G4 C?: sandhills Syngrapha alias a looper moth W3 - SU G5 M: spruce-fir forests Tarachidiaparvula a bird-dropping moth W3 SU G? C: cypress swamps? Tolype minta Southern Tolype W3 - S2S3 G5 C: longleaf pine stands Tornos abjectarius a gray W3 S2S3 G? C: unknown Tripudiaflavofasciata an owlet moth W3 SU G? C: bottomlands Tripudia quadrifera an owlet moth W3 SU G?

    - P: unknown Ulolonche modesta                    Modest Quaker Moth          W3       -       SU    G5 C: unknown Xestia youngii                       Young's Xestia              W3      -        S3S4  G?

C: peatlands Zale calycanthata Double-banded Zale W3 - S3? G4 C: oak forests Zalefictilis a zale W3 - SA? G5 C: unknown Zale sp 2 nr squamularis a new zale W3 - SU G4Q C: unknown Zale sp 3 nr buchholzi an owlet moth W3 - S2S3 G3? C: pine forests Zanclognatha atrilineella an owlet moth W3 - Si? G4? C: unknown Zanclognathasp I an owlet moth W3 - SU G3G4 M: dry pitch pine stands

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 78 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global INSECTS - BUTTERFLIES Amblyscirtes carolina Carolina Roadside-Skipper W2 S3S4 G3G4 CSP: wet woods (mainly hardwoods) near cane; host plant -- cane (Arundinaria) Callophrysaugustinus 3rown Elfin W2 S3S4 G5 MPSC: dry acidic areas with an abundance of ericads, such as pine/oak heaths; host plants -- ericaceous shrubs Celastrinaneglectamajor Appalachian Azure W2 S3S4 G4 M: rich deciduous forests; host plant

     -- black cohosh (Cimicifuga)

Glaucopsyche lygdamus Silvery Blue W2 S2S3 G5 M: open upland woods, roadbanks, and borders; host plants -- legumes, especially Carolina vetch (Vicia caroliniana) Hesperia leonardus Lonard's Skipper W2 S3S4 G4 PM: wooded borders and openings, brushy fields; host plants -- grasses Hesperia metea CCobweb Skipper W2 S3 G4G5 PSM: dry barren sites, such as pine/oak sandhills and upland wood margins; host plants -- mainly broomsedge (Andronogon) Hesperiasassacus ndian Skipper W2 S3 IG5 M: old fields, clearings, wood margins, mainly at high elevations; host plants -- grasses Megathymus yuccae (ucca Giant-Skipper W2 S3S4 G5 C: dunes, flatwoods, sandhills, and other places near yuccas: host plants -- Yucca species Neonympha areolata CGeorgia Satyr W5 S3 G4 CSP: savannas, wet powerline clearings, other damp grassy areas; host plants -- sedges, perhaps grasses Phyciodesphaon F'haon Crescent W5 - S3 G5 T: open, often dry areas, mainly on barrier islands; host plants -- fogfruit (Lippia) Pontiaprotodice CCheckered White W1,W5 - S3 G4 PCSM: fields, croplands, brushy areas; host plants -- mustard species (Family Brassicaceae) Problemabyssus lyssus Skipper W2 - S3 G3G4 C: wetland ecotones, swamp margins, ditches; host plant - gamma grass (Trinsacum dactyloides)

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 79 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary W2 FSC S3S4 G3 MP: rich woods and adjacent edges [G3G4] and openings; believed extirpated from the lower Piedmont; host plants

     -- violets (Viola)

Thorybes confusis Confused Cloudywing W3 - S3S4 G4 SCP: dry woodland borders and openings, brushy fields; host plants -- legumes INSECTS - GRASSHOPPERS AND KATYDIDS Arphia granulata Southern Yellow-winged Grasshopper W3 - S2S4 G5 C: flatwoods, sandhills Atlanticus gibbosus Gibbous Shield-back Katydid W3 - SU G? C: oak and pine forests Belocephalus subapterus Half-winged Cone Head Katydid W3 - SU G? C: flatwoods and other shrubby areas Dendrotenix australis Southern Dendrotettix W3 - SU GU M: forests Dendrotenix zimmermanni Zimmermann's Dendrotettix W3 - Su GU M: forests Hesperotettix viridis brevipennis Green-striped Grasshopper W3 - SU G5T5 C: grasslands, forest edges Hubbellia marginifera Hubbell's Shield-back Katydid W3 - SU G? C: pinewoods Inscudderia walkeri Walker's Cypress Katydid W3 - SU, G? C: cypress stands Melanoplus acrophilusacrophilus a short-winged melanoplus W3 - SU G2G3T2T3 M: shrubby areas, 3600'- >5000' Melanoplus carnegiei Carnegie's Melanoplus W3 - SU GU M: open pine and oak forests Melanoplus celatus a short-winged melanoplus W3 - SU GU M: undescribed, 1200' - 4000 Melanoplus deceptus Deceptive Melanoplus W3 SU G2G4 M: balds?, 4000' - 5700' Melanoplus decoratus Decorated Melanoplus W3 - SU GU M: dry woodlands Melanoplus hubbelli Hubbell's Melanoplus W3 - SU G4 M: dry woodlands, including second growth Melanoplus impudicus Immodest Spur-throat Grasshopper W3 - SU G4G5 M: barrens and glades Melanopluspropinquus Southern Red-legged Melanoplus W3 - SU G5 C: savannas and other wooded grasslands Melanoplus similis a short-winged melanoplus W3 SU G5 M: open woodlands Melanoplus strumosus Swollen Spur-throat Grasshopper W3 SU G4G5 C: sandhills Melanoplus tribulus Tribulus Spur-throat Grasshopper W3 SU G4G5 M: glades and open woodlands Mermiria bivittata Two-striped Mermiria W3 SU G5 T: sandhills, wooded grasslands

80 NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST Scientific Name Cormnon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Mermiria intertexta Intertexta Mermiria W3 SU G4? T: marshes Neoconocephalus velox Swift-flying Cone Head Katydid W3 SU G? C: shrubby undergrowth in pinewoods Opshomalavitreipennis Glassy-winged Toothpick Grasshopper W3 SU G5 C: marshes Orchelimum superbum. Superb Meadow Katydid W3 SU G? C: bogs and tidal marshes Romalea guttatus Eastern Lubber Grasshopper W3 SU G5 P: open woods and roadsides Scudderia curvicauda laticauda Broad-tailed Bush Katydid W3 SU G?T? C: savannas, flatwoods, open pinewoods INSECTS - BEETLES Gonielmis dietrichi a beetle W4 - 52 G? S: ten sites in and around Fort Bragg (Hoke, Richmond, Scotland) Stenelmis morsel a riffle beetle W5 - S2 G? S: Lumber River (Robeson) Stenelmis sp nov I Harley's Stenelmis Riffle Beetle W5 - S1 G? S: Lumber River (Scotland, Hoke) Stenelmis sp nov 2 William's Stenelmis Riffle Beetle W2 - S2 G? PS: James Creek, Upper Little River, Deep River (Moore, Harnett, Lee) Stenelmis sp nov 3 a riffle beetle W4 - S2 G? PSC: Little River (Harnett, Cumberland, Moore) Trechus balsamensis a ground beetle W3 - Si? GI? M: Plott Balsam mountains (endenic to North Carolina) (Jackson*) Trechus carolinae a ground beetle W3 S1? GI? M: Black Mountains (endemic to North Carolina) (Yancey*) Trechus luculentus luculentus a ground beetle W3 S2? G2T2? M: mountains of southwestern North Carolina (Clay*, Graham*, Macon*, Swain+) Trechus luculentus unicoi a ground beetle W3 S2? G2T2? M: apparently the mountains of Graham County (Graham*) Trechus mitchellensis a ground beetle W3 - S? Gl? M: Black Mountains (endemic to North Carolina) (Buncombe*, McDowell*, Yancey*) Trechus novaculosus a ground beetle W3 - S2? G2? M: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (endemic to the park) (Swain*) Trechus roanicus a ground beetle W3 - Sl? GI? M: Roan Mountain (endemic to the mountain) (Mitchell*)

NORTH CAROLINA ANIMAL WATCH LIST 81 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat/Locations N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Trechus rosenbergi a ground beetle W3 Sl? Gl? M: Plott Balsam and Great Balsam mountains (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood*, Jackson*) Trechus satanicus a ground beetle W3 Si? GI? M: vicinity of Devils Courthouse and Graveyard Fields (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood*, Transylvania*) Trechus subtilis a ground beetle W3 Si? Gi? M: mountains of Haywood County (endemic to North Carolina) (Haywood*, Jackson*) 7 .I

         . r I

82 NORTH CAROLINA EXI 'IRPATED ANIMAL LIST Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global EXTIRPATED ANIMALS IN NORTH CAROLINA This is a list of all taxa considered by state biologists and NC NHP to be extirpated (N.C. Rank of SX) in North Carolina. On past NC NHP rare animal lists, some such taxa were included in the Rare List, some were included in the Watch List, and others were not mentioned at all. Some of these taxa are Federally Listed, and some also have a state protected status (SC). However, as none are believed to presently occur in the state, with little or no hope of being re-discovered, we feel that they should be placed in a common section of this publication. For those species that have been tracked in the past, NC NHP will still keep records of their locations and keep other materials on file. (See pages 3-8 for status codes and definitions.) NOTE: Quite a few species that might be gone from NC are included in the Rare and Watch lists with an SH (= historic) rank, generally indicating that they have not been seen for over 20 years, but because of inadequate survey or other factors may well still exist in the state, or may be absent but expected to be found again in upcoming years. MAMMALS Bos bison American Bison - - sx G4 MP: open woodlands Canis lupus Gray Wolf SX G4 MPS?C?: extensive forests and other remote areas Erethizon dorsatum North American Porcupine - - SX G5 M: high elevation hardwood forests; no positively documented records Eschrichtiusrobustus Gray Whale SX G3G4 T: offshore waters Lepus amnericanus Snowshoe Hare Sx G5 M: spruce-fir and other high elevation forests; no positively documented records Martes pennanti Fisher SX G5 M: spruce-fir forests; no positively documented records BIRDS Campephilus principalis Ivory-billed Woodpecker E SX GH C: extensive swamps and bottomlands with old-growth trees (one NC record) Conuropsis carolinensis Carolina Parakeet SX GX CSPM?: forests, especially swamps and bottornlands Ectopistesmigratorius Passenger Pigeon SX GX MPSC: forests (winter only)

NORTH CAROLINA EXTIIRPATED ANIMAL LIST 83 Scientific Name Comrnmon Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global FRESHWATER FISHES Acipenserfulvescens ILake Sturgeon SC- FSC SX G3G4 M: large rivers of Tennessee drainages (Madison*) Lepomis megalotis ILongear Sunfish EX - SX G5 M: French Broad drainage (Buncombe*, Haywood*) Percinamacrocephala ILonghead Darter SC FSC SX G3 M: French Broad River (Buncombe*) MOLLUSKS - FRESHWATER BIVALVES Epioblasma capsaeformis Oyster Mussel EX E SX GI M: French Broad River (Buncombe*, Madison*) Medionidus conradicus Cumberland Moccasinshell EX SX G3G4 M: French Broad River (Buncombe*) Ptychobranchusfasciolaris Kidneyshell EX SX G4G5 M: Tennessee drainages Quadrulapustulosa Pimpleback EX SX G5 M: Tennessee drainages Toxolasma lividus Purple Lilliput EX SX G2 M: French Broad River Tritogoniaverrucosa Pistolgrip EX SX G4 M: New River near the Virginia border (Alleghany+, Ashe+)

84 POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA ANIMALS The following list contains species of well-known animal groups that are not currently known to occur in North Carolina, or those species not currently known to breed in North Carolina, but which are considered to have some possibility of being found to occur on a regular basis or to breed in the state. The list is based on the species' currently known range and habitat preferences. Nearly all are species that occur in the adjacent states of South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, or Virginia, in habitats (or drainages) at least relatively similar to habitats known to exist in North Carolina. The purpose of this list is to encourage and challenge field workers to find new state occurrences and new breeding recordsk This list should give field investigators an idea of some of the species that may be regular components of North Carolina's fauna. (Species that might occur as single record accidentals, such as Western species of birds or Gulf Coast butterflies, are generally not included.) While some of these species may have relatively remote chances of being found in North Carolina, the likelihood of finding new state records is greatly increased by being aware of the possibilities and by species-directed searching. Our knowledge of many of our animal groups is still quite imperfect, especially invertebrate groups. Many natural areas are being destroyed before they can be investigated, and it can be assumed that a number of native species have been extirpated from North Carolina before they were ever documented as occurring in the state. Following each species is the North Carolina province in which the species is considered most likely to be found occurring or found breeding. Where possible, a description of the typical habitat of the species in the vicinity of North Carolina is also given. Sometimes, the nearest known occurrence(s) to North Carolina are also listed, with the distance from North Carolina in number of counties in brackets. For instance, [1] indicates that the species has been reported from a county immediately adjacent to North Carolina; [5] indicates that the species has been reported from a county five counties away from the North Carolina border. An average county width in and around North Carolina is about 25 miles, so [5] indicates an approximate distance from North Carolina of 100-125 miles. It should be obvious that a species known to occur south only to the Virginia mountains would be best searched for in North Carolina counties near the Virginia line, such as Ashe, Alleghany, and Watauga. Likewise, Coastal Plain species occurring north to South Carolina are most likely searched for in counties along the southern border, such as Brunswick and Columbus. The following additional symbols are used:

• May have occurred in North Carolina (no conclusive records) with the remote possibility of being conclusively found in the state

+ Known to occur in the state on a regular basis (as an Element Occurrence) but not known conclusively to breed, though suspected or assumed to breed; conclusive breeding records lacking NOTE: Since the last version of this publication in 2001, the following species have been found or reported in North Carolina and have been removed from the lists: Olympia Marble (Euchloe olympia) and Texan Crescent (Phyciodes texana seminole); plus, breeding evidence has been documented for Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus). MAMMALS There are very few terrestrial mammals that could be discovered for the first time in North Carolina; three of them -- North American Porcupine, Shoeshoe Hare, and Fisher - may have occurred in the mountains many decades or centuries ago, but reports are fuzzy or second-hand; they are included on the Extirpated List. Nearly all of the potential new-to-North Carolina mammals are cetaceans. A few cetaceans probably occur regularly in the Atlantic off North Carolina, but far offshore; however, most of them are primarily either subtropical or Arctic inhabitants and would be considered accidental in the state.

85 Balaenoptera edeni -- Bryde's Whale T: ocean, primarily in subtropical waters; VA (one record), GA Balaenoptera musculus -- Blue Whale T: ocean, entire north Atlantic, far offshore; MD (one record) Peponocephala electra -- Melon-headed Whale T: ocean, in subtropical waters; MD (one record) Phoca groenlandica -- Harp Seal T: ocean, in cold waters north of NC; VA (one record) BIRDS The species below are all considered to be potential breeders in North Carolina; some may possibly be breeding already. All have been recorded from the state on numerous occasions; those marked by (+) are known to occur in summer in the state to an extent and probably are nesting, but conclusive evidence is lacking. Accipiter gentilis -- Northern Goshawk M: extensive forests, mainly at high elevations; MD, WV, VA ?; a few summer records for the NC mountains [see Watch List] Anmuospiza caudacuta - Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow T: salt or brackish marshes; VA [3]; some references list NC in the breeding range -- this is erroneous; there have been a few summer reports, but some may be erroneous or of late migrating individuals [see Watch List] Asio flammeus - Short-eared Owl T: extensive brackish marshes; MD ?, VA formerly, and might still nest there; several summer records for the NC coastal marshes [see Watch List] Asio otus -- Long-eared Owl M: conifers or mixed woods at high elevations in northern mountains; VA [2]; one or two summer reports from the NC mountains, but without visual confirmation [see Watch List] Carpodacus purpureus -- Purple Finch M: spruce-fir forests; VA [1] (Mt. Rogers); one or two summer records for the NC mountains Catharus ustulatus -- Swainson's Thrush M: spruce-fir forests, mainly in northern mountains; VA [1] (Mt. Rogers); possibly nested in NC mountains in 19th Century, but no summer records in many decades Cistothorus platensis -- Sedge Wren T: brackish marshes; VA [3] (northern portion of Chesapeake Bay); several summer records from NC, mainly in brackish marshes, but these might be of wandering birds or migrants Contopus cooperi -- Olive-sided Flycatcher + [breeding records for TN side of Great Smoky Mountains NP]; no active nest has been found in NC [see Rare List] Dendroica magnolia -- Magnolia Warbler + [breeding evidence needed]; no active nest yet found, but probably nests [see Rare List] Elanoides forficatus -- Swallow-tailed Kite C: swamps, river bottoms; SC [2] (Santee River); numerous summer records, but nearly all believed to be of visitors/postbreeders; up to one-half-dozen birds, possibly including a family group, spent much of the summer 2003 along the Cape Fear River Empidonax flaviventris -- Yellow-bellied Flycatcher M: high elevation spruce-fir, usually where stunted or young; VA [1] (Mt. Rogers); two summer reports from NC mountains Melospiza georgiana -- Swamp Sparrow M: bogs at high elevation; VA [5-6]; no summer reports for NC

86 Mycteria americana -- Wood Stork C: swamps, with open water somewhat nearby; SC [4]; no reports from NC suggestive of breeding in the state [see Rare List] Oporornis philadelphia -- Mourning Warbler M: thickets, brushy places, clearings; VA [5]; a pair believed to have nested in mid-1980s near Great Smoky Mountains N.P. in NC, and another territorial male was present at Roan Mountain in the early 2000s Passerculus sandwichensis -- Savannah Sparrow + [breeding evidence needed]; VA [1]; believed to be nesting in Alleghany and Ashe counties, but no active nest has yet to be found [see Rare List] Seiurus noveboracensis -- Northern Waterthrush M: bogs where spruce-fir is present; VA [5-6], plus two reports from Mt. Rogers; no summer reports for NC Vermivora pinus -- Blue-winged Warbler + [breeding evidence needed]; no active nest yet found, but presumed to breed in southwestern counties [see Rare List] Vermivora ruficapilla -- Nashville Warbler M: spruce-fir forests, mainly along margins or in young or stunted trees; VA [6], but also a report from Mt. Rogers; no summer reports for NC REPTILES Graptemys geographica -- Map Turtle M: large rivers in the Tennessee drainage; VA [2], TN [1] Graptemys pseudogeographica -- False Map Turtle M: large rivers in the.Tennessee drainage; TN [1-2] Nerodia cyclopion -- Green Water Snake C: streams, lakes, ponds, marshes; SC [2] Ophisaurus compressus -- Island Glass Lizard TC: maritime or other coastal forests, in dry habitats; SC [2] Trionyx ferox -- Florida Softshell C: lakes, ponds, rivers; SC [3] Trionyx muticus -- Smooth Softshell M: large rivers in the Tennessee drainage; TN [2?] AMPHIBIANS Ambystoma cingulatum -- Flatwoods Salamander C: flatwoods, bottomlands, swamps; SC [2-3] Ambystoma jeffersonianum - Jefferson Salamander M: low woods, bottomlands; VA [2] Ambystoma texanum -- Smallmouth Salamander M: moist forests; TN [6]; ranges east to central TN Desmognathus welteri - Black Mountain Salamander M: along streams in mesic forests; TN [3] Eurycea lucifuga -- Cave Salamander M: limestone caves and ledges; TN [1], VA [21 Gyrinophilus palleucus -- Tennessee Cave Salamander M: caves, in limestone areas; TN [2] Plethodon hoffmani -- Valley and Ridge Salamander M: montane forests; VA [3-4]

87 Plethodon hubrichti -- Peaks of Otter Salamander M: cool moist woods; VA [2]; endemic to Peaks of Otter Mountain Plethodon websteri -- Webster's Salamander P: moist forests with steep north-facing slopes; SC [4] Pseudobranchus striatus -- Dwarf Siren C: swamps, ponds, other sluggish freshwater habitats; SC [2-3] Rana grylio -- Pig Frog C: lakes, ponds, marshes; SC [2] FISHES The absence in North Carolina of the very large number of Tennessee fishes occurring just over the state line is not an artifact of collecting intensity. Much sampling has occurred in the state near the Tennessee border for such species. The streams where they occur do extend into North Carolina; however, most of the streams where the fishes occur in Tennessee become high gradient near the border, with riffles and rapids preventing the fishes from occurring in North Carolina. A few reservoirs along the state line also block some species from entering the state. On the other hand, there are a number of species that occur within one or two counties of North Carolina that are not listed here; these are fishes in drainages that do not reach North Carolina, particularly the Chattahoochee and the Coosa in Georgia, the Clinch in Tennessee and Virginia, and the James in Virginia. Alosa chrysochloris -- Skipjack Herring Reported from NC in the past few years, but not confirmed M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Cottus baileyi -- Black Sculpin M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1], VA [1-2] Etheostoma caeruleum -- Rainbow Darter M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Etheostoma camurum - Bluebreast Darter Reported from NC in the past few years, but not confirmed M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Etheostoma cinereum - Ashy Darter M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Etheostoma hopkinsi - Christmas Darter M: Savannah drainage; SC [1-2] Etheostoma kennicotti -- Stripetail Darter M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Etheostoma osburni -- Finescale Saddled Darter M: New drainage; VA [21 Fundulus catenatus -- Northern Studfish M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Fundulus notatus -- Blackstripe Topminnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Fundulus olivaceous -- Blackspotted Topminnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Gasterosteus aculeatus -- Threespine Stickleback T: tidal waters; VA [2?] Hemitremia flarnmea -- Flame Chub M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Hybognathus nuchalis -- Central Silvery Minnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [2-3] Hybopsis aestivalis - Speckled Chub M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2]

88 Hybopsis dissimilis -- Streamline Chub M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Hybopsis storeriana -- Silver Chub M: Tennessee drainages; TN [2-3] Hypentelium etowanum -- Alabama Hog Sucker M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1], GA [1] Ichthyomyzon castaneus -- Chestnut Lamprey M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Ichthyomyzon gagei -- Southern Brook Lamprey M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Ictalurus furcatus - Blue Catfish M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Lepisosteus oculatus -- Spotted Gar M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Notropis ariommus -- Popeye Shiner M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Notropis atherinoides -- Emerald Shiner M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Notropis lirus - Mountain Shiner M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Notropis stramineus -- Sand Shiner M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Noturus baileyi -- Smoky Madtom M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Noturus leptacanthus -- Speckled Madtom M: Savannah drainage; SC [1] Percina rex -- Roanoke Logperch P: Roanoke and Chowan drainages; VA [1-2] Percina shumardi -- River Darter M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Phenacobius uranops - Stargazing Minnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1] Pimephales promelas -- Fathead Minnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1], VA [11 Pimephales vigilax -- Bullhead Minnow M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] Scaphirhynchus platyrynchus -- Shovelnose Sturgeon M: Tennessee drainages; TN [1-2] INSECTS -- BUTTERFLIES A species marked with the @ symbol is considered to be a Visitor, with breeding occurring elsewhere. Most of these breed to the south of North Carolina and would be expected to occur as a visitor in the warmer months. Otherwise, all other species on this list are presumed to breed in adjacent states. There are numerous butterfly species whose presently known range extends south in the mountains only to Virginia. Some of these certainly must occur in the northern mountain counties of North Carolina, particularly those not restricted to habitats rare or absent in the state (e.g., shale barrens or limestone outcrops). North Carolina has apparently not had thorough statewide coverage of its Lepidopteran fauna, nor has a book or treatise been published on that fauna of the state. In summary, there is much to be learned about butterfly distribution in the state, including new species to be added to the state list.

            ---

89 Amblyscirtes belli -- Bell's Roadside-Skipper MP: wooded edges and openings, wooded creeks; host plant-- wild oats (Uniola latifolia); SC [1] (Oconee and Pickens counties) Boloria selene -- Silver-bordered Fritillary M: wet meadows, bogs, marshes; host plant -- violets (Viola) and other species; VA [3] Brephidium isophthalma -- Eastern Pygmy-Blue T: tidal flats and marshes; host plant -- glassworts (Salicornia), possibly saltwort (Batis maritima); SC [2] Calephelis borealis - Northern Metalmark M: rocky areas near shale, serpentine, or limestone, usually near streams; host plant -- ragworts (Senecio), possibly fleabanes (Erigeron); VA [2] Callophrys polios -- Hoary Elfin M: sunny, dry slopes and other barren or rocky habitats; host plant -- heaths, possibly trailing arbutus (Evigaea revens) in the Appalachians; VA [3] Chlosyne harrisii -- Harris' Checkerspot M: marshes, damp meadows, and other wet brushy places; host plant -- flat-topped white aster (Aster umbellatus); WV [6-7]. Colias interior -- Pink-edged Sulphur M: high elevation areas with acidic soils, such as wood margins, openings, and heath balds; host plant -- blueberries (Vaccinium); VA [5-61 Erynnis lucilius -- Columbine Duskywing M: rocky woods, ravines, and wooded edges; host plant - wild columbine (Aguilegia canadensis); VA (2); E reported from NC in early 2000s, but report retracted, likely an identification error Erynnis persius -- Persius Duskywing M: openings in cool forests, fields or bogs near woods; host plant -- lupine (Lupinus verennis); VA [3] Euphyes conspicuus -- Black Dash CM: marshes, wet meadows, but rarely in bogs; host plant -- sedges, mainly Carex stricta; VA [1] Leptotes cassius -- Cassius Blue @ TC: mainly coastal towns, gardens, and residential areas; SC [3] Speyeria atlantis -- Atlantis Fritillary M: cool, open woods, wooded streams, clearings; host plant - violets (Viola); VA [5]

90 SIGNIFICANT 2004 REVISIONS TO THE ANIMAL LIST NOTE: Large numbers of mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, and moths have been added to, and in some cases deleted from, the Rare List and the Watch List. Because of the numbers of such taxa, they are not listed below. New Taxa Added to the Rare Animal List Cambarus histricosus [Sandhills Spiny Crayfish] [newly described species, endemic to North Carolina?] Cambarus tuckasegee [Tuckasegee Stream Crayfish] [newly described species, endemic to North Carolina] Corynorhinus rafinesquii macrotis [Rafinesque's [desire to track records by subspecies] Big-eared Bat - Coastal Plain subspecies] Corynorhinus rafinesquii rafinesquii [Rafinesque's [desire to track records by subspecies] Big-eared Bat - Mountain subspecies] Euchloe olympia [Olympia Marble] [newly discovered in North Carolina] Ictiobus niger [Black Buffalo] [newly discovered in North Carolina] Inflectarius downieanus [Dwarf Globelet] [newly discovered in North Carolina] Lasionycteris noctivagans [Silver-haired Bat] [breeding season records are scarce] Lasiurus cinereus [Hoary Bat] [breeding season records are very scarce] Libellula julia [Chalk-fronted Corporal] [newly discovered in North Carolina] Phyciodes texana seminole [Seminole Texan [newly discovered in North Carolina] Crescent] Plethodon amplus [Blue Ridge Gray-cheeked [new split; endemic to North Carolina] Salamander] Plethodon cheoah [Cheoah Bald Salamander] [new split; endemic to North Carolina] Sphaerium simile [Grooved Fingernailclam] [apparently newly discovered in North Carolina] Viviparus intertextus [Rotund Mysterysnail] [apparently newly discovered in North Carolina] Taxa Added to the Rare Animal List from the Watch List Bufo quercicus [Oak Toad] [populations threatened by habitat loss] Cambarus acanthura [Spinytail Crayfish] [considered by biologists to be rare enough to track] Cambarus davidi [Carolina Ladle Crayfish] [endemic to North Carolina, considered rare enough to track] Cambarus nodosus [Knotty Burrowing Crayfish] [considered by biologists to be rare enough to track] Cambarus reburrus [French Broad River Crayfish] [endemic to North Carolina, considered rare enough to track] Desmognathus wrighti [Pigmy Salamander] [concern over further impacts to spruce-fir habitat] Haematopus palliatus [American Oystercatcher] [populations threatened by habitat loss and human impacts] Hyla versicolor [Northern Gray Treefrog] [conclusive documentation, and populations believed to be resident] Lasiurus intermedius [Northern Yellow Bat] [might well be a resident and not a vagrant] Orconectes sp 1 [a crayfish] (listed as Orconectes [considered by biologists to be rare enough to track] cf spinosus on previous list) Procambarus plurnimanus [Croatan Crayfish] [endemic to North Carolina, considered rare enough to track] New Taxa Added to the Watch List Cemophora coccinea [Scarlet Snake] [declining numbers and habitat loss, though not yet rare] Elanoides forficatus [Swallow-tailed Kite] [possibly breeding in North Carolina (in 2003)] Etheostoma thalassinum [Seagreen Darter] [apparently declining numbers] Etheostoma zonale [Banded Darter] [apparently declining numbers]

91 Farancia erytrogramma [Rainbow Snake] [declining numbers, though not yet rare] Gonielmis dietrichi [a beetle] [apparently present only in a small area of North Carolina] Gyraulus deflectus [Flexed Gyro] [status poorly known in North Carolina] Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum [Eastern Milk [poorly known, seemingly more difficult to find] Snake] Lampsilis sp 3 [a bivalve] [potential new species; needs study] Lophodytes cucullatus [Hooded Merganser] [small but erratic breeding population in North Carolina] Nocomis raneyi [Bull Chub] [apparently declining numbers and deteriorating habitat] Notropis chalybaeus [Ironcolor Shiner] [steep declines south of North Carolina; thus, needs monitoring in the state] Plethodon meridianus [South Mountain [newly split species; endemic to North Carolina, though Gray-cheeked Salamander] common within its small range] Promenetus exacuous [Sharp Sprite] [status poorly known in North Carolina] Siren lacertina [Greater Siren] [seemingly declining numbers, though not yet rare] Stenelinis morsei [a riffle beetle] [apparently small range in North Carolina] Stenelmis sp nov 1 [Harley's Stenelmis Riffle [apparently small range in North Carolina] Beetle] Stenelmis sp nov 2 [William's Stenelmis Riffle [apparently small range in North Carolina] Beetle] Stenelmis sp nov 3 [a riffle beetle] [apparently small range in North Carolina] Stenotrema pilula [Pygmy Slitmouth] [status poorly known in North Carolina] Stereochilus marginatus [Many-lined Salamander] [scarce or difficult to find, despite much seemingly suitable habitat] Tachycineta bicolor [Tree Swallow] [small breeding population in North Carolina] Virginia valeriae [Smooth Earth Snake] [relatively few recent records, despite seemingly abundant habitat] Taxa Removed from the Rare Animal List Apeltes quadracus [Fourspine Stickleback] [NC NIHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Eleotris pisonis [Spinycheek Sleeper] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Epioblasma capsaeformis [Oyster Mussel] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Erynnis lucilius [Columbine Duskywing] [reported occurrence believed to be a mis-identification] Evorthodus lyricus [Lyre Goby] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Gobionellus stigmaticus [Marked Goby] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Hypsoblennius ionthas [Freckled Blenny] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Leucorrhinia frigida [Frosted Whiteface] [questionable identification; species far out of range] Medionidus conradicus [Cumberland Moccasinshell] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Microphis brachyurus [Opossum Pipefish] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Percina macrocephala [Longhead Darter] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Poecilia latipinna [Sailfin Molly] [NC NHP no longer tracking marine and estuarine fishes] Ptychobranchus fasciolaris [Kidneyshell] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Quadrula pustulosa [Pimpleback] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Toxolasma lividus [Purple Lilliput] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Tritogonia verrucosa [Pistolgrip] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina]

92 Taxa Moved from the Rare Animal List to the Watch List Celastrina neglectamajor [Appalachian Azure] [more numerous than formerly believed] Gomphus diminutus [Diminutive Clubtail] [more numerous than formerly believed] Hyla andersonii [Pine Barrens Treefrog] [more widespread than formerly believed, and habitat not overly threatened] Lythrurus matutinus [Pinewoods Shiner] [quite common within its rather small range] Speyeria diana [Diana Fritillary] [more widespread than formerly believed, and habitat not overly threatened] Trechus (all species) [ground beetles] [lack of new data and scarcity or absence of biologists working with this group of animals; however, because most have very small ranges and are endemic to North Carolina, they are retained on the Watch List] Taxa Removed from the Watch List Lepus americanus [Snowshoe Hare] [considered to be extirpated from North Carolina] Myotis lucifugus [Little Brown Myotis] [considered to be reasonably common in North Carolina] Sorex longirostris fisheri [Dismal Swamp [considered to be common in North Carolina] Southeastern Shrew] Tadarida brasiliensis [Brazilian Free-tailed Bat] [considered to be reasonably common in North Carolina] NOTE: The following animal groups have also been removed from the Watch List: marine bivalves, marine gastropods, millipedes, scorpionflies, most beetles, ants, and annelids. NC NHP has received essentially no data on these groups in over a decade, and there are few if any biologists working with these groups. Scientific Name Changes to the Rare Animal List NOTE: Slight spelling changes, whether officially recognized changes or spelling errors from the 2001 edition of this list, are not included below. Only completely new genus or species names are given below. Changed from: Changed to: Catinella vermeta [Suboval Ambersnail] Catinella waccamawensis [Waccamaw Ambersnail] Cervus elaphus [Elk] Cervus canadensis Clemmys muhlenbergii [Bog Turtle) Glyptemys muhlenbergii Cyprinella zanema pop 1 [Santee Chub - Piedmont Cyprinella zanema [Santee Chub] population] Cyprinella zanerna pop 2 [Santee Chub - Coastal Cyprinella sp 1 [Thinlip Chub] (formerly thought to be part of Plain population] C. zanema, but might be a separate species) Desmognathus sp 1 [Waterrock Knob Salamander] Desmognathus imitator pop 1 [Imitator Salamander - Waterrock Knob population] Eurycea longicauda longicauda [Long-tailed Eurycea longicauda [Longtail Salamander] (now a full species) Salamander] Fundulus waccamensis pop 1 [Waccamaw Killifish Fundulus waccamensis [Waccamaw Killifish]

   - Lake Waccamaw population]

Fundulus waccamensis pop 2 [Waccamaw Killifish Fundulus cf diaphanus [Lake Phelps Killifish] (population is

   - Lake Phelps population]                              closer in characters to F. diaphanus than to F. waccamensis in Lake Waccamaw)

Hybopsis monacha [Spotfin Chub] Cyprinella monacha

93 Ivesia carolinensis [Linville Caverns Spider]. Nesticus carolinensis Noturus furiosus pop 1 [Carolina Madtom - Noturus furiosus [Carolina Madtom] Neuse drainage population] Noturus furiosus pop 2 [Carolina Madtom - Noturus furiosus [Carolina Madtom] (entire species proposed Tar drainage population] for State Threatened status, thus no need to track separate populations) Opheodrys vemalis [Smooth Green Snake] Liochlorophis vernalis Orconectes cf spinosus [a crayfish] Orconectes sp 1 Rana capito capito [Carolina Gopher Frog] Rana capito (now a full species) Stizostedion canadensis [Sauger] Sander canadensis Sylvilagus transitionalis [New England Cottontail] Sylvilagus obscurus [Appalachian Cottontail] Valvata cf sincera [a valvatid snail] Valvata sincera N.C. Status Changes on the Rare Animal List All state status (E, T, and SC) changes must be approved by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission and published in the State Register for public comment. The changes below became official on July 1, 2002. These taxa are given state protection under the State Endangered Species Act (G.S. 113-331 to 113-337). [SR and W are NC NHP designations only, not affording official state protection.] From: To: Aegolius acadicus [Northern Saw-whet Owl] SC T Alasmidonta varicosa [Brook Floater] T E Anodonta implicata [Alewife Floater] SC T Cambarus catagius [Greensboro Burrowing Crayfish] SR SC Cambarus chaugaensis [Oconee Stream Crayfish] SR SC Cambarus georgiae [Little Tennessee River Crayfish] SR SC Cambarus parrishi [Hiwassee Headwaters Crayfish] SR SC Cambarus spicatus [Broad River Spiny Crayfish] SR SC Certhia americana [Brown Creeper] SR SC Cervus canadensis [Elk] W SC (because this is an experimental release population, NC NHP is not tracking the species, and retains it on its Watch List) Corynorhinus rafinesquii [Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat] SC T Crotalus adamanteus [Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake] SR E Crotalus horridus [Timber Rattlesnake] SR SC Cyclonaias tuberculata [Purple Wartyback] SR E Elliptio lanceolata [Yellow Lance] T E Elliptio marsupiobesa [Cape Fear Spike] T SC Eurycea junaluska [Junaluska Salamander] SC T Fusconaia masoni [Atlantic Pigtoe] T E Haliaeetus leucocephalus [Bald Eagle] E T Helisoma eucosmium [Greenfield Rams-horn] SR E Heterodon simus [Southern Hognose Snake] SR SC Lampetra aepyptera [Least Brook Lamprey] SC T Lampsilis cariosa [Yellow Lampmussel] T E Lampsilis radiata conspicua [Carolina Fatmucket] SR T Lampsilis radiata radiata [Eastern Lampmussel] SC T Leptodea ochracea [Tidewater Mucket] SC T

94 From: To: Ligumia nasuta [Eastern Pondmussel] SC T Loxia curvirostris [Red Crossbill] SR SC Micrurus fulvius [Eastern Coral Snake] SR E Moxostoma robustum [Robust Redhorse] SC SR (since the downlisting, has been re-discovered and will be proposed for E status) Orconectes carolinensis [North Carolina Spiny Crayfish] SR SC Orconectes virginiensis [Chowanoke Crayfish] SR SC Pelecanus occidentalis [Brown Pelican] SC SR Peromyscus leucopus easti [Pungo White-footed Mouse] SR SC Pleurobema oviforme [Tennessee Clubshell] SR E Procambarus braswelli [Waccamaw Crayfish] SR SC Rana capito [Carolina Gopher Frog] SC T Regulus satrapa [Golden-crowned Kinglet] SC W Scartomyzon ariommus [Bigeye Jumprock] SC T Sistrurus miliarius [Pigmy Rattlesnake] SR SC Sorex hoyi winnernana [Southern Pygmy Shrew] SC W Sorex longirostris fisheri [Dismal Swamp Southeastern T Shrew] Sphyrapicus varius [Yellow-bellied Sapsucker] SR SC Sterna antillarum [Least Tern] SR SC Sterna hirundo [Common Tern] SR SC Tadarida brasiliensis [Brazilian Free-tailed Bat] SC Toxolasma pullus [Savannah Lilliput] T E Tritogonia verrucosa [Pistolgrip] E EX (extirpated) Villosa constricta [Notched Rainbow] SR SC Villosa vaughaniana [Carolina Creekshell] SC E U.S. Status Changes on the Rare Animal List There have been no changes to the U.S. Status, in terms of listed taxa (E or T), since the 2001 NC NHP animal list. There have been some changes in the FSC (Federal Species of Concern) status, indicating a species that may or may not be listed in the future, but for which there is insufficient information to support listing at the present time. NC NHP has been working with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at the Raleigh and Asheville offices to make sure that we have the most up-to-date statuses, and working to suggest future additions to and deletions from the FSC list. Currently, we are working from the FWS list revised on March 16, 2004. Fromn To: Acronicta albarufa [Barrens Daggermoth] FSC Agrotis sp 1 nr buchholzi [a dart moth] FSC (listed by FWS as Agrotis buchholzi [Buchholz's Dart Moth] Ambloplites cavifrons [Roanoke Bass] FSC Atrytonopsis loammi [Loammi Skipper] FSC Clinostomus funduloides ssp 1 [Little Tennessee River FSC Rosyside Dace] Contopus cooperi [Olive-sided Flycatcher] FSC Desmognathus wrighti [Pigmy Salamander] FSC

95 From: To: Elimia interrupta [Knotty Elimia) FSC Ephemerella argo [Argo Ephemerellan Mayfly] FSC Etheostoma acuticeps [Sharphead Darter] FSC Etheostoma perlongum [Waccamaw Darter] FSC Etheostoma vulneratum [Wounded Darter] FSC Euchlaena milnei [Milne's Euchlaena] FSC Lanius ludovicianus migrans [Migrant Loggerhead Shrike] FSC Lordithon niger [Black Lordithon Rove Beetle] FSC Notropis bifrenatus [Bridle Shiner] FSC Noturus furiosus [Carolina Madtom] FSC Percina burtoni [Blotchside Logperch] FSC Polyodon spathula [Paddlefish] FSC Semotilus lumbee [Sandhills Chub] FSC Skistodiaptomus carolinensis [Carolina Skistodiaptomus] FSC Thoburnia hamiltoni [Rustyside Sucker] FSC Toxolasma lividus [Purple Lilliput] FSC - (considered extirpated in North Carolina) Vermivora chrysoptera [Golden-winged Warbler] FSC NOTE: There are some additional changes to the FWS list of FSC taxa, but only those appearing on the NHP's Rare List and Watch List (and list of extirpated species) are indicated above. A few taxa on the FWS list -- E, T, and FSC - are not found in this NHP publication; these are primarily taxa that occur only in offshore waters (such as whales or seabirds), are of uncertain occurrence in the state, or are of uncertain taxonomic status. Rank Changes on the Rare Animal List Between 2001 and 2004, the N.C. Natural Heritage Program has made numerous changes to the N.C. Ranks, as has NatureServe (formerly the science branch of The Nature Conservancy) to the Global Ranks. Only those changes involving taxa formerly or presentlv considered extinct, extirpated, or of historical occurrence are listed below. However, taxa changing from SH to SX are not listed. From: To: Alasmidonta robusta [Carolina Elktoe] Sx Si [recently re-discovered] Dolania americana [American Sand Si SH [no records in 1974] Burrowing Mayfly] Hiodon tergisus [Mooneye] Si SH [no records in over 20 years]

96 INDEX OF GENERA Abrostola .... .... 73 Bos ... ..... 82 Corynorhinus ........ 12,90,93 Accipiter ......... 15, 61, 85 Botaurus ........ 16 Coryphaeschna ......... 72 Acipenser ........ 27, 28, 83 Boyeria ........ 72 Cosmosoma .74 Acrapex .... .... 73 Bufo .... .... 25, 90 Cottus ..... .... 28, 87 Acroneuria ........ 69 Cabera ... ..... 74 Cotumicops ....... .. 17 Acronicta ........ 49, 73, 94 Caecidotea .... .... 41 Crotalus ....... .. 22, 93 Aegolius ..... ... 15, 93 Calephelis ...... .. 54, 89 Cryphia ......... 74 Aeshna ... ..... 47 Callophrys ........ 54,78, 89 Cryptobranchus ......... 25 Agapetus ........ 70 Callosarnia .... .... 50 Culoptila ......... 71 Agnetina ........ 69 Calopteryx .... .... 73 Cyclonaias ......... 33,93 Agrotis ..... ... 49, 94 Cambarus ..... 41,42,67, 90, 93 Cyclophora ......... 50 Aimophila ........ 15 Campephilus ........ 82 Cycnia .... ..... 74 Alasmidonta ...... 32, 33, 93, 95 Canis .... .... 12, 82 Cymocythere ........ . 42 Alligator .... .... 6, 21 Canthocamptus ........ 67 -Cyprinella ......... 28, 65, 92 Alloperla ........ 69 Carduelis .... .... 62 Cytheridella ....... .. 67 Ambloplites ........ 28, 94 Caretta ... ..... 22 Dactylocythere ......... 42, 67 Arnblyscirtes ........ 53, 78, 89 Caripeta .... .... 74 Dasychira ......... 74 Ambystoma ........ 25, 86 Carpiodes ........ 28 Datana .... ..... 74 Ameiurus .... .... 65 Catharus ........ 16, 84, 85 Deirochelys ......... 22 Ameletus ........ 68 Catinella ........... 37, 92 Dendroica ......... 17,62, 85 Arnmodramus ........ 15,61 Catocala ..... ... 50, 74 Dendrotettix ....... .. 79 Amnicola ...... .. 37, 73 Celastrina ........ 54, 78, 92 Dermochelys ......... 23 Amphipyrinae ........ 49, 73, 74 Cemophora ....... . 63, 90 Desmognathus 25, 64, 86, 90, 92, 94 Anacamptodes ....... . 49 Centroptilum ...... .. 68 Diacyclops ...... ... 42 Anas .... .... 61,62 Cepphis ........ 74 Dibusa .... ..... 46 Aneides ........ 25 Ceraclea ........ 45,46, 70, 71 Diplectrona ......... 46 Anhinga .... .... 16 Ceratonyx ........ 74 Diploperla ......... 70 Anodonta ...... .. 33,93 Ceratopsyche ...... .. 71 Discus ......... 38 Anthopotamus ....... . 68 Cercobrachys ..... ... 44 Dolania ...... ... 44, 95 Anticlea .... .... 74 Cerma ........ 50 Dolichonyx ......... 62 Apalone ..... ... 21, 63 Certhia .... .... 16,93 Doryodes ...... ... 50, 75 Apamea ........ 49 Cervus ....... . 61,92,93 Drasteria ......... 50 Apantesis ...... .. 49, 74 Chaetaglaea ..... ... 50 Dromogomphus .47, 73 Aphylla ........ 72 Charadrius .... .... 16 Drunella .44, 68 Aplodinotus ..... ... 28 Chelonia ........ 22 Dysgonia .50,75 Appalachina ..... ... 37 Chlorochroa ..... ... 58 Ectopistes .82 Argillophora . ........ 74 Chlosyne ..... ... 54, 89 Egretta .17 Argyrostrotis ........ 74 Chondestes ........ 16 Elanoides ........ 62, 85, 90 Arigomphus ..... ... 72 Choroterpes ..... ... 44 Elassoma .... .... 28 Arphia ........ .79 Chrysanympha ....... . 74 Elimia .... .... 37, 95 Arugisa ........ 74 Chytonix ........ 74 Elliptio ........ 1,33,66,93 Ascetocythere ........ 41 Cicindela .... .... 58 Empidonax ........ 18, 62, 85 Asio .... .... 62, 85 Cincinnatia ...... 37 Enallagma ........ 49 Asioplax ........ 43 Circus .. .... 16 Enneacanthus ...... .. 65 Atlanticus ........ 79 Cisthene .. .... 74 Eotettix ........ 57 Atrytone .... .... 53 Clemmys ..... . 22,63,92 Ephemerella ........ 44,68, 95 Atrytonopsis ........ 53, 94 Cleora ...... 74 Epioblasma ....... . 83, 91 Attaneuria ........ 45 Clinostomus .... .. 28, 94 Epitheca ........ 73 Autochton ........ 54 Coccyzus ...... 16 Erastria ........ 75 Baetisca ........ 43,44,68 Columbina ... ... 16 Erethizon .... .... 82 Baetopus ........ 44 Condylura ...... 12 Eretmochelys ...... .. 23 Barbaetis ........ 44 Contopus ...... 17, 85, 94 Erimystax ........ 28 Belocephalus ...... .. 79 Conuropsis ...... 82 Erora ........ 54 Bleptina .... .... 74 Cordulegaster ...... 72 Erpetogomphus .........-. 73 Bolotoperla ........ 45 Cordulia .. .... 47 Erynnis ....... . 55, 89,91 Bomolocha ........ 74 Corvus .. .... 62 Eschrichtius ..... ... 82

97 Etheostoma. 28, 29,65, 87, 90, 95 Homoeoneuria ....... . 44 Lythrurus 65,92 . Euagrotis ......... 75 Homoplectra ........ 71 Macdunnoa .... 44 Eubaphe .... ..... 50 Hubbellia .... .... 79 Macrochilo .. .. 52, 76 Euchlaena ......... 51, 95 Hybopsis ........ 30, 87, 88, 92 Macrodiplax .... 73 Euchloe ......... 55, 84, 90 Hydroperla ........ 70 Macromia .... 48 Eucoptocnemis ......... 75 Hydroptila .... .... 71 Malaclemys .. .. 23 Eudocimus ......... 62 Hyla ........ 26, 64, 90, 92 Manophylax .... 46 Eulonchus . ........ 49 Hypagyrtis .... .... 51 Martes .... 82 Eumeces . ........ 63 Hypentelium ........ 30, 88 Masticophis .. .. 23 Euphydryas . ........ 55 Hypochilus. ........ 40 Matrioptila .... 46 Euphyes ......... 55, 89 Hypocoena ........ 75 Mayatrichia .... 71 Eupithecia . ........ 51 Hypomecis ....... . 51, 75 Medionidus .. .. 83, 91 Eurycea ....... 26,64, 86, 92, 93 Ichthyomyzon ........ 30, 88 Megaleuctra .........  ; ... 45 Eurylophella . ........ 68 Icterus ........ 62 Megathymus .. .. 56, 78 Euxoa ......... 51,75 Ictinia ... ..... 18 Melanoplus .......... 57, 58, 79 Exoglossum ... ...... 29 Ictiobus.... .... 30,90 Menidia ..... ..... 30 Exyra ... . 51,75 Idaea ........ 75 Mermiria ......... . 79, 80 Falco .... ..... 18,62 Inflectarius ....... . 38, 90 Meropleon .......... 52, 76 Farancia ......... 64, 91 Inscudderia ........ 79 Metalectra .......... 76 Faronta . . ....... 75 Isogenoides ........ 70 Metalepsis ....... ... 76 Ferrissia .... ..... 37 Isoperla .... .... 45, 70 Metarranthis .......... 52 Fixsenia .... ..... 55 Itame ........ 51 Micrasema ....... ... 46 Fumonelix ......... 38 Ixobrychus .... .... 62 Microhexura .......... 40 Fundulus ........ 29, 30, 87, 92 Kinosternon .... .... 64 Micropterus ........ .. 30 Fusconaia ......... 34, 93 Lagoa ... ..... 51 Microtus ..... ..... 13 Gabara ......... 51,75 Lampetra ..... ... 30,93 Micrurus ........ .. 24,94 Glaucomys ......... 12 Lampropeltis ........ 23, 64, 91 Molanna .......... 71 Glaucopsyche . ........ 78 Lampsilis ........ 34, 66, 91, 93 Montezumina .......... 58 Glyphyalinia . ........ 38 Lanius .... .... 19,95 Morrisonia ...... .... 76 Glyptemys ......... 22,23, 92 Lanthus .: ......... 48 Moxostoma .......... 30, 65, 94 Goerita . . ....... 71 Lasionycteris ........ 12, 90 Mustela ....... ... 13,61 Gomphus ........ 47, 48, 73, 92 Lasiurus ........ 12, 61, 90 Mycteria ........ .. 19, 86 Gonielmis ......... 80, 91 Lasniigona .... .... 35 Myotis ....... ... 13, 92 Grammia . ........ 51 Laterallus .... .... 19 Nannothemis .......... 73 Gyraulus ......... 66, 91 Lepidochelys ...... .. 23 Nectopsyche ......... . 71 Habrophlebiodes ......... 44 Lepipolys .... .... 75 Necturus .......... 26 Haematopus ......... 18, 90 Lepomis ..... ... 65, 83 Nematocampa .......... 52 Haliaeetus ......... 18,93 Leptodea ......... 35, 93 Nemoria ......... . 52, 76 Haplotrema . ........ 38 Leptophlebia ........ 68, 69 Neoconocephalus .......... 80 Harpagocythere .. 67 Leptostales ........ 75 Neonympha .......... 56, 78 Helicodiscus . . 38 Leptoxis .... .... 37 Neophylax ....... ... 71 Helicopsyche i . .......... 71 Lepus .... .... 82, 92 Neoplynes .......... 76 Heliomata . ..... 51 Lestes .... .... 49, 73 Neotoma ........ .. 13, 14 Helisoma . 37, 93 Leucania ........ 75 Neotrichia .......... 71 Helmitheros . ..... 62 Libellula ........ 48, 73, 90 Nerodia ....... ... 24, 86 Helopicus . ... .. i...70 Ligumia ..... ... 35, 94 Nesticus ...... 40,41, 66, 67, 93 Hemeroplanis . . 51 Limnothlypis ........-. 62 Neurocordulia .......... 48 Hemidactylium . ....... 26 Liochlorophis ....... 23, 24, 93 Nicrophorus ........ .. 58 Hemipachnobia .. 51 Lithacodia ....... 75 Nixe .... ...... 69 Hepialus . .. , . 51 Lithophane ..... .. 51, 76 Nocomis ........ .. 65,91 Hesperia ... ........ 56, 78 Litoprosopus ....... 76 Notondontidae, .......... 76 Hesperodiaptornus .. 67 Lobocleta ... .... 76 Notropis ... 30, 31,65, 88, 91, 95 Hesperotettix . . 79 Lophodytes ..... .. 62,91 Noturus .......... 31,88,93,95 Heterandria . .30 Lordithon .... ... 58, 95 Nyctanassa .......... 63 Heterocampa . ...... 51 Lordocythere .... ... 67 Oecetis ....... ... 71,72 Heterocloeon . . 68 Loxia ... .... 19,94 Oemopteryx ........ .. 70 Heterodon .. 23, 32, 93 Lucania ....... 30 Oligia .......... 76 Himantopus . .18 Luxilus ... 30 Ophiogomphus .......... 48 Hiodon . .30,95 Lynceus . .. 42 Ophisaurus .......... 24, 64, 86

98 Opshomala ........ 80 Pyrgus ......... 57 Tarachidia ........ 77 Orchelimum ........ 80 Quadrula ...... ... 83, 91 Thoburnia ...... .. 32, 95 Orconectes .... 43, 67, 90, 93, 94 Rallus ......... 63 Thorybes .... 79 Orgyia ........ 76 Rana ......... 27, 87, 93, 94 Tnryomanes ..... ... 21 Oropsyche .... .... 72 Regina .... ..... 24 Tolype ... ..... 77 Orthemis ....... . 73 Regulus ...... ... 63, 94 Tornos .... .... 53, 77 Palaeagapetus ........ 46 Rhadinaea ......... 64 Tortopus ........ 45 Pallifera ... ..... 39 Rhithrogena ....... .. 69 Toxolasma .... 36, 83, 91,94, 95 Paonias ........ 76 Rhyacophila ......... 46,47, 72 Trechus ....... . 80,81, 92 Papaiperna ....... . 52, 76 Riparia .... ..... 20 Triacanthagyna ........ 73 Papilio ... ..... 56 Romalea ......... 80 .Triaenodes ....... . 47, 72 Paracloeodes ........ 69 Rynchops ..... .... 20 Trichechus .... .... 15 Paragnetina ........ 70 Sander ..... .... 32, 93 Trichosilia .... .... 53 Parahypenodes ....... . 76 Satyrium ......... 57 Tricorythodes ........ 69 Paravitrea ........ 39 Scartomyzon ......... 32, 94 Trimerotropis ...... .. 58 Passerculus ....... . 19, 86 Schinia ......... 52, 76, 77 Triodopsis ........... 39, 40 Passerina ..... ... 16, 19 Schizura .... ..... 52 Tripudia .77 Patera ... ..... 39 Sciurus .... ..... 14 Tritogonia .83, 91, 94 Pegias ........ 35 Scopula ......... 77 Troglodytes .63 Pelecanus ...... .. 19, 94 Scudderia ...... ... 58, 80 Tyto .63 Percina .... 31, 65, 83, 88, 91, 95 Seminatrix ...... ... 24 Ulolonche .77 Perlesta ........ 70 Semiothisa ......... 52, 77 Vaejovis .67 Perlinella .... .... 45 Semotilus ........ . 32, 95 Valvata .40, 93 Peromyscus ....... . 14, 94 Serratella ..... .... 44 Ventridens .40 Phalacrocorax ........ 19 Setodes ......... 72 Vermivora .21, 86,95 Phenacobius ........ 31, 65, 88 Shipsa ......... 70 Viehoperla .70 Pheucticus .... .... 63 Siphloplecton ......... 69 Villosa .36, 94 Phragmatiphila ........ 52 Siren ......... 64, 77, 87, 91 Vireo .21 Phyciodes ........ 56, 78, 84, 90 Sistrurus ....... .. 24, 94 Virginia .64, 91 Picoides ... ..... 20 Sitta ......... 63 Viviparus .37,90 Pimaphera ........ 76 Skistodiaptomus ......... 43, 95 Waltoncythere .43 Pituophis .... .... 24 Somatochlora ......... 48 Wormaldia .72 Planorbella ........ 37 Somatogyrus ......... 37 Xestia......: . 77 Plauditus .69 Sorex ......... 14,61,92,94 Yugus .70 Plegadis .20 Spartiniphaga . ......... 53 Zale .53,77 Plethodon 26, 27, 64, 86, 87, 90, 91 Speyeria ......... 57, 79, 89, 92 Zanclognatha .77 Pleurobema .35, 94 Sphaerium ......... 35, 90 Zapada .45 Poanes .56 Sphingicampa ......... 77 Zapus .61 Poecile .20 Sphinx ...... ... 76, 77 Zonitoides ................. 40 Polygonia .56, 57 Sphyrapicus ......... 20, 94 Polyodon . .32,;95 Spilogale ......... 61 Pontia .78 Spilosoma ......... 77 Pooecetes .20 Spiza ........ 63 Porphyrula .20 Stenelmis ......... 58, 80, 91 Problema .57, 78 Stenonema ...... ... 69 Procambarus ... 43, 67,68, 90, 94 Stenotrema ......... 39,66, 91 Progomphus .48 Stereochilus ......... 64, 91 Promenetus .66,91 Sterna ......... 20,21,63,94 Properigea .76 Sternotherus .24 Pseudacris . 27, 64 Stethophyma ......... 58 Pseudiron .69 Stiria......... 77 Pseudogoera .72 Strophitus ......... 36 Psilotreta .72 Stygobromus ......... 43, 68 Pteronarcys .70 Stylurus ......... 48, 49, 73 Ptichodis .52 Sylvilagus ........ . 15, 93 Ptychobranchus .83,91 Sympetrum ......... 49 Puma .14 Synaptomys ......... 15, 61 Pygarctia .52 Syngrapha ......... 77 Pyreferra .52, 76 Tachycineta ......... 63, 91

99 NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM SPECIAL ANIMAL SURVEY FORM Scientific Name: Common Name: Observer(s): Date(s) of Observation: County: 7.5' Quad Map: Exact Location (be specific! - attach copy of map with site marked): Number of Animals (include age and sex, if known): Type of Observation (sight record, vocal record, specimen, photograph, etc.): Behavior of Animals (singing, foraging, at nest, etc.): Habitat (use NC NHP natural community name if known; describe dominant vegetation, maturity of vegetation, slope, aspect, etc.): Owner(s) of Land, if known: Other Comments (significance of record, disturbance to habitat, etc.): Person making this report: Date: Address: Phone: Return form to: N.C. Natural Heritage Program 1601 MSC; Raleigh, NC 27699-1601

Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2004 Edited by Misty A. Franklin, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601

THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA Mountains Piedmont Sandhills Tidewater Coastal Plain THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Edition edited by Misty A. Franklin, Botanist North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncsparks.net/nhp THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA ..... .................. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................... ii NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA .... ......... I Vascular Plants ................................................ 7 Mosses ................................................ 46 Liverworts ................................................. 50 Hornworts ................................................ 53 Lichens............................................................................. 53 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ................................................ 55 Vascular Watch List Plants ................................................ 57 Mosses ................................................ 90 Hornwo rt and Liverw orts ....................... ......................... 90 Lichens............................................................................. 92 Watch Category 6 (W6 - regionally rare) ................................................ 93 MOUNTAINS ................................................ 93 PIEDMONT ........... ..................................... 94 SANDHILLS ................................................ 94 COASTAL PLAIN ................ ................................ 94 PLANT TAXA ENDEMIC TO NORTH CAROLINA .............................................. 95 POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA PLANTS ............................................ 96 2004 SIGNIFICANT PLANT LIST REVISIONS ............................................... 100 Name Changes/Synonymy Edits to the Rare Plant List .......... ............... 100 NC Endangered and Threatened Changes ............................................... 100 Federal Status Changes ......................................................... 101 Taxa No Longer Tracked in NC ............................................... 101 Watch List Additions and Changes ............................................... 102 Additions to the Rare List ...................... ......................... 103 ENDANGERED AND RARE PLANT FIELD SURVEY FORM . .................................... 104 WATCH LIST PLANT SURVEY FORM . ............................................... 105

iii ACKNOW LEDGMENTS This list was originally compiled and published by Alan Weakley in 1991, and it has been revised and updated over the years by Alan Weakley and Jame Amoroso. Special thanks are given to Alan Weakley and Jame Amoroso for their involvement in the development of the list and to Dave Danley, Lewis Anderson, and Jon Shaw for assistance with the moss list, Marie Hicks and Paul Davison for assistance with the liverwort and hornwort lists, and Karin Heiman and Sherry Pittam for assistance with the lichen list. Biologists who provided input for changes to this 2004 list include: Jame Amoroso, Moni Bates, Marj Boyer, Dave Danley, Jamey Donaldson, John Finnegan, Jason Fridley, John Fussell, Karin Heiman, John Kartesz, Gary Kauffman, Richard LeBlond, Harry LeGrand, Jim Matthews, Bill Moye, Shawn Oakley, Linda Pearsall, Bob Peet, Dan Pittillo, Mike Schafale, Bruce Sorrie, Dale Suiter, Alan Weakley, and Carolyn Wells. The list of people who have assisted in the preparation of the vascular plant list, provided information to NC NHP on rare species occurrences, or otherwise contributed to our understanding of the rare flora of the state are too many to mention, but a partial list of recent contributors includes: Jim Allison, Lewis Anderson, Fred Annand, Janis Antonovics, Andy Ash, Harvey Ballard, Mike Baranski, Larry Barden, Allen Belden, Millie Blaha, Joyce Bland, Sam Bland, Beth Bockoven, John Boetsch, Allen Boynton, Anne Margaret Braham, Alvin Braswell, Martha Brewster, Ken Bridle, Richard Broadwell, Margit Bucher, Bill Buck, Ann Burruss, Clint Calhoun, Carin Caljouw, Jay Carter, Wayne Cash, John Churchill, Roy Coomins, Bill Culberson, Bob Currie, Barry Dalton, Paul Davison, Bob Dellinger, John DeLong, David Demont, Kathy Doyle, Dave Dumond, Judy Dunscomb, Murray Evans, Dick Everhart, Elisabeth Feil, Vonda Frantz, Shawn Fraver, Cecil Frost, Chris Frye, Chick Gaddy, Rob Gardner, Tom Govus, Sharon Gowan, Janet Gray, Ben Hafer, Derek Halberg, Steve Hall, John Hammond, Jim Hardin, Richard Harris, Ed Harrison, Paul Hart, Carol Henry, Dennis Herman, Marie Hicks,,Tracy Hippensteel, Frank Hirst, Erich Hoffman, Charles Horn, Hal Horwitz, Paul Hosier, Tom Howard, Claudia Jolls, Ronald Jones, Charlotte Jones-Roe, Catherine Keever, Ann Kelly, Lisa Kelly, Benson Kirkman, Bob Kral, Jay Kranyik, Steve Kroeger, Michael Lane, Keith Langdon, Norman Lantz, Julia Larke, Steve Leonard, Frosty Levy, Mary Lipscomb, Chris Ludwig, Merrill Lynch, Laura Mansberg, Jim Massey, Chris Matthews, Carol Mayes, Bob McCartney, Kathy McKeown, Don McLeod, Brian Mihlbachler, Brent Mishler, Laura Mitchell, Julie Moore, Carol Ann Moorhead, Craig Moretz,Zack Murrell, John Nelson, Gillian Newberry, Carl Nordman, Doug.Ogle, James Padgett, Tom Patrick, Karen Patterson, Ruby Pharr, Mark Pistrang, Bert Pittman, Gerald Pottern, Ann Prince, Liz Pullman, Jim Pullman, Milo Pyne, Frank Randall, Johnny Randall, Tom Rawinski, Doug Rayner, Pam Robinson, Don Robison, Janet Rock, Mary Russo, Tim Savidge, Dawson Sather, Bruce Saunders, Ed Schell, Rick Schneider, Terry Schultz, Steve Schulze, Dave Sieren, Ellen Simms, Steve Simon, Alan Smith, Arthur Smith, Gerald Smith, Inge Smith, Tom Smith, David Snyder, Paul Somers, Chris Sowers, Jon Stucky, Rob Sutter, Ed Swab, John Taggart, Annette Taylor, Susan Thebert, Kent Turner, Brian VanEerden, Bobby Ward, Donna Ware, Tom Wentworth, Peter White, Tom Wieboldt, Bob Wilbur, Charlie Williams, Susan Wiser, Gene Wofford, Donna Wright, Alice Zawadzki and other participants in work of the N.C. Vegetation Survey.

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA North Carolina has an exceptionally rich and diverse flora, consisting of about 5600 species of gymnosperms, dicots, monocots, ferns, fern allies, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens. North Carolina's flora includes boreal plants

 ? more typical of Canada V' on the high peaks of the Southern Appalachians, subtropical plants (including palms) in the maritime climate of the barrier islands, tropical ferns, mosses, and liverworts around waterfalls in humid mountain gorges, as well as more typical and characteristic species of the Southeastern North American coastal plain, piedmont, and Southern Appalachian Mountains. Fourteen (14) plant taxa are endemic to NC. In addition to those mentioned above, some of the more notable habitats of rare or endemic plants in North Carolina include longleaf pine savannas, mountain bogs and fens, sandhills, piedmont glades and prairie-like savannas, mountain cove forests, coastal plain limesinks, granite flatrocks, and pocosins. The diverse native flora of North Carolina is a rich part of our natural heritage, worthy of protection for environmental, scientific, economic, aesthetic, and moral reasons.

The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NC NHP), as part of its mission to preserve the biological diversity of North Carolina, maintains a systematic inventory of all known locations of rare taxa. The following list of rare plant taxa monitored by NC NHP includes767 taxa. All plant taxa native to North Carolina which are officially recognized by federal or state agencies as protected or otherwise rare are included on this list. This list incorporates the most recent federal status of rare plants, as determined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) with amendments current to March 17, 2004. Natural HeritageProgram List ofthe Rare Plants of North Carolina also includes North Carolina legal status information from the most recent version of the List of North Carolina's Endangered, Threatened and Candidate Plant Species, which can be found on the North Carolina Plant Conservation Program (NC PCP) website: http://www.ncagr.com/plantind/plant/conserv/cons.htm. This website includes discussion of and information on the legal status of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), and Special Concern (SC) species. The North Carolina Plant Watch List includes an additional 487 species, which appear to be rare enough to be of conservation concern in North Carolina, but which are not currently inventoried by NC NHP at the same level that Rare plant taxa are tracked, and are not legally protected or active candidates for legal protection by the USF WS or NC P CP. NC NHP takes the lead role in North Carolina in the inventory of the state's natural diversity, the identification of important natural areas and rare species habitats, and the protection and management of natural areas. It serves as the state's data bank of locality information of natural areas and rare and endangered plant and animal species. It conducts environmental reviews of projects involving state or federal permits or monies, to minimize negative impacts on North Carolina's natural areas and rare species. Many species which lack formal, legal protection are nonetheless imperiled in North Carolina. Therefore, NC NHP collects data on species in addition to the three categories of protected plants (Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern). These additional rare species are placed in two other categories of rare plants: Significantly Rare (SA) and Watch List (W). Definitions of all status categories are listed below, under "North Carolina Status." NC NHP requests locality and population data on the species listed in this publication. Plant survey forms have been provided for this purpose. NC PCP, a unit of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, is the agency responsible for the listing and protection of North Carolina's endangered and threatened plants, under provisions of the North Carolina Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979 (General Statutes, Article 19B, 106: 202.12-22), as amended. NC PCP acts under the direction o f a Plant Conservation B oard and with the advice of a Scientific C ommittee to maintain and revise the state lists of protected (Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern) plant species, to investigate protection needs and survival requirements of native plants, to carry out conservation programs, to make and enforce regulations, and to issue permits concerning protected plants. The 123 plant species currently listed as Endangered and Threatened in North Carolina are published in the List of North Carolina's Endangered, Threatened and Candidate Plant Species: January 1994, with amendments, available from NC PCP. That publication also lists North Carolina's Special Concern species and explains regulations and permits regarding protected plants. In general, removal of Endangered or Threatened plants from the wild and their sale or distribution is illegal. Particular regulations concerning collection, propagation, and sale apply to those species (Endangered, Threatened, or otherwise) listed as Special Concern. Federally listed species are protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. The USFWS is the federal agency responsible for listing and protecting nationally endangered and threatened species. As'of March 2004, there are 27 plant species federally listed as Endangered or Threatened which occur in North Carolina. These

2 species are distributed throughout the state, in about half of North Carolina's hundred counties. In addition, about 1 18 species are Federal Species of Concern. NC NHP, NC PCP, and USFWS work cooperatively to ensure the continued survival of all of North Carolina's rich flora. NUMBER OF PLANT TAXA WITH THE INDICATED STATUS' (as of MARCH 2004) lGROUP l APPROXIMAE NUMBER IN N.C. STATUS j l U.S. STATUS l THESTATE E l T SC l SR E T C FSC Flowering Plants 4232 73 33 17 461 17 9 4 96 Ferns and Other Vascular 6 3 2 12 . 3 Cryptogams l Gymnosperms 30 - - - 3 I l Mosses 440 4 1 - 68 3 Liverworts 225 2 - - 59 8 Hornwo rts 9 2 I Lichens. 651 1 - 20 I _ 2 Total 5701 85 38 19 625 18 9 4 114 LIST FORMAT. Species are grouped into five groups: Vascular Plants, Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts, and Lichens. They are listed alphabetically by scientific name within each group. The following information is presented for each species on the list. Scientific Name. Taxonomy and nomenclature of vascular plants (dicots, monocots, gymnosperms, ferns, and fern allies) generally follow A.S. Weakley, L.E. Anderson, M.L. Hicks, and J.A. Kartesz's A Checklist of the Vascular Flora and Bryophytes of North Carolina (in prep.) and J.T. Karteszs A Synonymized Checklist and Atlas with Biological Attributes for the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First Edition. (In: Kartesz, J.T,, and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, NC. Copyright c 1999). Scientific authorities for names have been omitted to save space, but follow Weakley et al. (in prep.) and Kartesz (1999). Where these differ from the treatment in A.E. Radford, H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell's Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (1968), the name used in that work is indicated in brackets. In a small number of cases, other commonly used synonymy is also indicated. If the species was not treated in Radford, Ahles, and Bell and cannot be identified using that manual, the notation "[not in RAB]" follows the scientific name. If the species is treated in Radford, Ahles, and Bell, but was not indicated as occurring in North Carolina, the notation "[not in NC in RAB]" follows the scientific name. Taxonomy and nomenclature of nonvascular plants (mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens) generally follow L.E. Anderson, H.A. Crum, and W.R. Buck's List of the Mosses ofNorth America North of Mexico (Bryologist 93: 448-499 [1990]), L.E. Anderson's A Checklist of Sphagnum in North America North of Mexico (Bryologist 93: 500-501 [1990D, HA. Crum and LE. Anderson's Mosses of Eastern North America (1981), R. Schuster's The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North includes species, as well as valid unique varieties and subspecies

3 America east of the Hundredth Meridian (1966, 1969, 1974, 1980, and 1992), M.L. Hicks's Liverworls of the Mountains of North Carolina (1982), M.L. Hicks's Guide to the Liverworts of North Carolina (1992), M.L. Hicks and P.G. Davison's Some Rare, Endemic, and Disjunct Liverworts in North Carolina (Castanea 54: 255-261 [1989]), R.S. Egan's A Fifth Checklist of the Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of the Continental United States and Canada (Bryologist 90: 77-173 [1987]), M.E. Hale's How to Know the Lichens, Second Edition (1979),and Brodo, Sharnoff and Sharnoff Lichens of North America (2001). Common Name. A common name is provided for the convenience of the user. Common names for plants are not standardiz ed, and m any plants hav e no entirely satisfac tory comm on name. North Carolina Status. Endangered,Threatened, and Special Concern species have legally protected status in N orth Carolina through NC PCP. NC NHP maintains computer and map files on Endangered, Threatened, Candidate, and Significantly Rare species; paper files are maintained on Watch List species. STATUS STATUS DEFINITION CODE. E Endangered "Any species or higher taxon of plant whose continued existence as a viable component ofthe State's flora is determined to be in jeopardy" (GS 19B 106: 202.12). (Endangered species may not be removed from the wild except when a permit is obtained for research, propagation, or rescue which will enhance the survival of the species.) T Threatened "Any resident species of plant which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (GS 19B 106:202.12). (Regulations are the same as for Endangered species.) SC Special "Any species of plant in North Carolina which requires monitoring but which Concern may be collected and sold under regulations adopted under the provisions of [the Plant Protection and Conservation Act]" (GS 19B 106:202.12). (Special Concern species which are not also listed as Endangered or Threatened may be collected from the wild and sold under specific regulations. Propagated material only of Special Concern species which are also listed as Endangered or Threatened may be traded or sold under specific regulations.) SR Significantly Species which are rare in North Carolina, generally with 1-100 populations in the Rare state, generally substantially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction (and sometimes also by direct exploitation or disease).

        -L     Limited           The range of the species is limited to North Carolina and adjacent states (endemic or near endemic). These are species which may have 20-50 populations in North Carolina, but fewer than 50 populations rangewide. The preponderance of their distribution is in North Carolina and their fate depends largely on conservation here. Also included are some species with 20-100 populations in North Carolina, if they also have only 50-100 populations rangewide and declining.
    - -T      Throughout         These species are rare throughout their ranges (fewer than 100 populations total)
       -D     Disjunct          The species is disjunct to NC from a main range in a different part of the country or world.
       -P     Peripheral        The species is at the periphery of its range in NC. These species are generally more common somewhere else in their ranges, occurring in North Carolina peripherally to their main ranges, mostly in habitats which are unusual in North Carolina.

4

         -O      Other             The range of the species is sporadic or cannot be described by the other Significantly Rare categories W          Watch List       Any other species believed to be rare and of conservation concern in the state but not warranting active monitoring atthis time (see the Watch List section for a more complete discussion).

P_ Proposed A species which has been formally proposed for listing as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern, but has not yet completed the legally mandated listing process. United States Status is designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S. FWS) and the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (U.S. ESA). Plants and plant varieties, (including fungi and lichens), animal species and subspecies, and vertebrate populations are considered for Endangered or Threatened status according to the criteria established under the U.S. ESA. Proposals and determinations to add taxa or populations to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants are published in the Federal Register. Additionally, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service periodically publish a Notice of Review or Notice of Reclassification in the Federal Register that present an updated list of plant and animal taxa which are regarded as candidates or proposed for possible addition to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. STATUS STATUS DEFINITION CODE E Endangered A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range" (Endangered Species Act, Section 3). T Threatened A taxon "likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range (Endangered Species Act, Section 3). IC Candida te "Taxa for which the (Fish and Wildlife] Service has on file enough substantial information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. Proposed rules have not yet been issued because this action is precluded at present by other listing activity. Development and publication of proposed rules on these taxa are anticipated. The Service encourages State and other Federal agencies as well as other affected parties to give consideration to these taxa in environmental planning.§ (FederalRegister, February 28, 1996). Taxa formerly considered as -Category I' are now considered as -Candidate-. FSC (Federal) Species TM,. the Service is discontinuing the designation of Category 2 species as of Concern candidates in this notice. The Service remains concerned about these species but further biological research and field study are needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa. Many species of concern will be found not to warrant listing, either because they are not threatened or endangered or because they do not qualify as species under the definition in the [Endangered Species] Act Others may be found to be in greater danger of extinction than some present candidate taxa. The Service is working with the States and other private and public interests IDassess theirneed for protection under the Act. Such species are the pool from which future candidates for listing will be drawn.s (FederalRegister, February 2 8, 1996).

5 P_ Proposed "Taxa already proposed to be listed as "endangered or threatened. Taxa formally proposed as endangered or threatened receive some legal protection. Species listed as proposed candidates are species which are in the process of being added to the federal candidate list. North Carolina Rank. North Carolina ranks are based on NatureServe and The Nature Conservancy's (TNC) system of measuring rarity and threat status. This system is now widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the

 *bestavailable scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity at the state level.

RANK NUMBER OF EXTANT DESCRIPTION POPULATIONS S1 1-5 Critically imperiled in North Carolina because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation (local extinction) from the state. S2 6-20 Imperiled in North Carolina because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. S3 21-100 Rare or uncommon in North Carolina. S4 100-1000 Apparently secure in North Carolina, with many occurrences. S5 1000+ Demonstrably secure in North Carolina. SA -- Accidental in state. SH 0? Of historical occurrence in North Carolina, perhaps not having been verified in the past 20 years, and suspected to be still extant. SR -- Reported from North Carolina, but without persuasive documentation which would provide a basis for either accepting or rejecting the report. SX 0. Apparently extirpated from North Carolina. SU -- Possibly in peril in North Carolina but status uncertain; need more information. S? -- Unranked, or rank uncertain. SE -- Believed to be introduced in the state. A rank involving two numbers indicates. uncertainty of mnk. For instance, a S2S3 rank indicates that the species may be a S2 or a S3, but that existing data do not allow that determination to be made. Global Rank. Similar to North Carolina ranks, global ranks are assigned by a consensus of scientific experts, the various natural heritage programs, NatureServe, and TNC.: They apply to the status of a species throughout its range, and are based on data on the species' status rangewide. This system is now widely used by other agencies and organizations, as the best available scientific and objective assessment of a species' rarity throughout its range. RANK NUMBER OF EXTANT DESCRIPTION POPULATIONS GI 1-5 Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. G2 6-20 Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range.

6 G3 21-100 Either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range (e.g., a single physiographic region) or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. G4 100-1000 Appare ntly secure glob ally, though it may b e quite rare in p arts of its range, especially at the periphery. G5. 1000+ Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. GH O? Of historical occurrence throughout its range, i.e., formerly part of the established biota, with the expectation that it might be rediscovered. GX 0 Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g., passenger pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. GU -- Possibly in peril range-wide, but status uncertain; need more information. G?-- Unranked, or rank uncertain. GQ cc Questionable taxonomic assignment. T -- The rank of a subspecies or variety. As an example, G4T I would apply to a subspecies of a species with an overall rank of G4, but the subspecies warranting a rank of GI. A rank involving two numbers indicates uncertainty of rank. For instance, a G2G3 rank indicates that the species may be a G2 or a G3, but that existing data do not allow that determination to be made. Physiographic Province. The provinces in which the species is known to occur are indicated. This should not be regarded as the only pro vince(s) of the s tate in which the sp ecies could occur; our knowledge of the flora o f North Carolina is still very imperfect. The provinces are abbreviated as follows: M Mountains (Blue Ridge) All parts of N orth Carolina west of the foo t of the Blue R idge Escarpment. P Piedmont All parts of North Carolina east of the foot of the Blue Ridge Escarpment and west of the Fall Line, including outlying "foothill" ranges, such as the Brushy, Uwharrie, and Sauratown Mountains. This province is shallowly underlain by crystalline metamorphic, igneous, or (rarely) consolidated sedimentary rocks. S Sandhills Portions of Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond, Scotland, and Montgomery counties consisting mostly of deep aeolian sands of the Middendorf and Pinehurst formations (Cretaceous to Tertiary age). The.Sandhills are really part of the coastal plain but are here distinguished because of their distinctive geomorphology and vegetation. Areas somewhat resembling the Sandhills region but occurring in other parts of the state (such as Carolina bay rims and aeolian or beach ridge depositsin the outerCoastal Plain)are considered partof the Coastal Plain Province. C Coastal Plain All parts of N orth Caro lina east of the fall line, ex cluding the S andhills, gene rally consisting of unconsolidated sands, silts, clays, and peats, though rarely shallowly underlain by consolidated coquina limestone ("marl"). T Tidewater That part of the state associated with tidal water such as the ocean and barrier islands, sounds, estuaries and mainland brackish or salt marshes.

7 Habitat. The known habitats. are described; as with provinc es, these should not be regarded as the only possible habitats ofthe species in the state. Counties of known occurrence. Following the description of habitats is a listing of the known counties of occurrence. Counties with historic populations (not seen since 1979) are marked with an asterisk (*) and counties with obscure or undatable records are marked with a cross (+). If there is some question as to the validity of the county report, it is marked with a question mark (?). The botanical exploration ofNorth Carolina is far from complete, and many additional county records will be found, generally (but not always) in proximity to counties listed. Mo st species which do not have county of occurrence information listed are new to the rare list and cQunty statusinformation had notbeen compiled at thetime ofpublication. Visit theNatural Heritage Program website for the most up-to-date county occurrence information. Vascular Plants Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) NC. U.S. N.C. Global Abiesfraseri Fraser Fir SR-L FSC S2 G2 M: spruce-fir forests Aconitum reclinatum Trailing Wolfsbane SR - S3 G3 M: rich coves, seepage slopes, boulderfields, rocky stream banks, mainly associated with mafic rocks (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell+, Graham, Haywood, Macon*, Mitchell, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey) Adiantum capillus-veneriv Venus Hair Fern E Si G5 C: coquina limestone (marl) outcrops, also adventitious on mortar of old stone walls in Wilmington, New Hanover County (Columbus) Adlumiafungosa Climbing Fumitory SR-P - S2 G4 M: coves and cliffs (Alleghany*, Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson *, Macon *, Madis on, Yan cey) Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Jointvetch E T Si G2 TC: freshwater to slightly brackish tidal marshes and wet ditches (Beaufort, Craven*, Hyde, Lenoir*) Agalinis aphylla Scale-leaf Gerardia SR-P - S3 G3G4 CS: wet savannas and sandhill/pocosin ecotones (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Qimberland, Duplin+, Harnett, Hoke, Jones+, New Hanover+, Onslow, Pender, Richmond) Agalinis virgata Branched Gerardia SR-P - S2 G3G4Q CS: savannas (Brunswick, Cartere, Craven, Duplin+, Marlboro, SC, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Scotland) Agastache nepetoides Yellow Giant-hyssop SR-T - Si G5 P: oak--hickory forests, especially over mafic rocks Agrostis mertensii Arctic Bentgrass E - Sl G5 M: high elevation rocky summits and balds (Avery, Mitchell*, Yancey*) Allium cuthbertii Striped Garlic SR-T - Si G3 PM: low elevation gianitic domes and other rocky sites with circumneutral soils (Alexander, Chatham+, Madison*, Wilkes) Allium sp I Savanna Onion SR-L FSC Sl GI

8 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank P N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Global C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Onslow, Pender) Alnus viridis ssp crispa Green Alder SR-D SI G5T5 M: balds (Avery, Mitchell) Amaranthuspumilus Seabeach Amaranth T *T S2 G2 T: ocean beaches and island-end flats (Brunswick, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Haiover, Onslow, Pender) Amelanchier sanguinea Roundleaf Serviceberry SR-P S2 G5 M: thin soils around mafic rock outcrops at lower and middle elevations (Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Rutherford) Amorpha georgianavar confusa Savanna Indigo-bush T FSC S2 G3T2 C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover*) Amorpha georgianavargeorgiana Georgia Indigo-bush E FSC S2 G3T2 CS: moist sandhill areas and sandy terraces (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Lenoir*, Moore, Pender, Richmond*, Robeson*, Scotland) Amorpha schwerinii Piedmont Indigo-bush SR-T - S3 G3 P: dry forests (Anson, Burke, Catawba, Cleveland*, Davidson, Gaston, Iredell*, Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan, Rutherford, S tanly) Ampelaster carolinianus Climbing Aster SR-P - SH G5 C: wet sites (Bladen*) Amphicarpum muehlenbergianum Florida Goober Grass SR-P - Sl G4 C: clay-based Carolina bays (Hoke, Robeson, Scotland) Andropogon mohrii Bog Bluestem SR-P - SI G4? C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven, Onslow, Pender, Robeson*, Washington*) Anemone berlandieri Southern Anemone SR-P Si G4? P: thin soils around rock outcmps (Alexander, Anson *, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery, Oraige, Polk*, Rowan, Stanly) Anemone caroliniana Prairie Anemone 0 SR-P - Si G5 P: clayey woodlands over mafic rocks (Mecklenburg) Arabis glabra rower-mustard SR-P - Si G5 M: mountain forests (Avery, Madison*, Watauga*) Arabis hirsuta var adpressipilis Hairy Rockcress SR-P - SI G5T4Q PM: thin soils around basic rock outcrops (Alexander, Buncombe) Arabis missouriensis Missouri Rockcress SR-P - SI G4G5Q P: thin soils around basic rock outcrops (Anson, S tanly) Arabis patens SSpreading Rockcress SR-T - Si G3 M: thin soils around limestone and nutrient-rich seepage from amphibolite (Madison, Rutherford, Swain)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 9 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Global Arenarialanuginosassp lanuginosa Spreading Sandwort SR-P - S2 . G5T5 TC: maritime grasslands and forests, other sandy sites, shell middens, coquina limestone (marl) outcrops Arethusa bulbosa Bog Rose E - Si G4 M: bogs (Alleghany, Ash e*, Avery, Forsyth+, Henderson*, Transylvania) Arisaema triphyllum ssp stewardsonhi Bog Jack-in-the-pulpit SR-P - SI G5T4 M: bogs (Allegh any, Avery, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Transylvania, Watauga*) Aristida condensata Piedmoint Three-awn Grass W3 - Sl G4? C: sandy woods and fields Aristida simpliciflora Chapma n's Three-awn SR-T - Sl G3G4 C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Pender) Arnoglossum ovatum Savanna aIndian-plantain SR-P - S2 G4G5 C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Jones, Onslow, Pender) Asclepias pedicellata Savanna Milkweed SR-P - S2 G4 C: dry savannas and moist flatwoods (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Sampson) Asclepias purpurascens Purple M[ilkweed SR-T - SI? G4G5 PMC: swamps, bottonlands, edges of moist woods Asplenium bradleyi Bradley's' Spleenwort SR-P - Si G4 PM: acidic rock outcrops and cliffs (Burke, Cleveland*, Gaston, McDowell, Orange, Polk, Stokes*) Asplenium heteroresiiens Carolina Spleenwort E FSC SI G2Q C: coquina limestone outcrops (Bladen*, Craven, Jones, Onslow*) Asplenium monanthes Single-so rus Spleenwort E - Si G4 M: outcrops near waterfalls in escarpment gorges (Transylvania) Asplenium pinnatifidum Lobed Sp leenwort SR-P - Si G4 PM: acidic rock outcrops and cliffs (Madison*, Rutherford, Wilkes) Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Spleenwort SR-P - .Si G5

     'M: limestone outcrops (Burke, Madison, McDowell)

Astilbe crenatiloba Roan False Goats-beard SR-T FSC SH GHQ M: cove forests (Avery*, Mitchell*) Astragalusmichauxii Sandhills IMilk-vetch T FSC S3 G3 SC: sandhills (Bladen*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover*, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson, Scotland) Baccharisglomeruliflora Silverling SR-P - SH G4 T: shrubby areas on margins of brackish marshes (Brunswick*) Bacopa caroliniana Blue Wate r-hyssop SR-P - SI G4G5 C: Shallow ponds, marshes, natural lakes, and tidal creeks (Brunswick, Columbus,New Hanover*, Pender*) Bacopa innominata Tropical W'ater-hyssop SR-P SH - G3G5 C: tidal freshwatermarshes (Chowan*, New Hanover+, Pender+)

10 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Balduina atropurpurea Purple-disk Honeycomb-he,ad SR-T FSC SH G2G3 C: savannas (Brunswick*) Baptisia alba Thick-pod White Wild Indi SR-P - S2 GS PCS: open woodlands, clearings (Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson, Johnston, Montgomery, Stanly) Baptisia albescens Thin-pod White Wild Indiggo SR-P - S2 G4 PS: open woodlands, clearings (Anson*, Burke, Chatham*, Cleveland, Iredell*, McDowell*, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery, Moore*, Person*, Polk*, Richmond, Rockingham*, Rowan*, Rutherford*, Stanly*, Stokes, Surny*, Transylvania*, Union) Baptisia bracteatavar bracteata Creamy Wild Indigo SR-P - SH G4G5T4? P: open woodlands (McDowell*) Baptisiaminor var aberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T - S2 GST4 P: glades and open forests on basic soils (Cabarrus*, Caswell*, Durham, Granvil le, Orange+, P erson*, Stanly) Berberis canadensis American Barberry SR-T - S2 G3 PM: open forests and glades on basic soils (Alamance*, Alexander*, Buncombe*, Durham, Granville, Guil ford"*, Haywood*, Iredell *, Madison, McDowell, Orange*, Person*, Randolph*, Rockingham, Rutherford, Swain"*, Transylvania*) Betula cordifolia Mountain Paper Birch SR-D - S2 G5 M: high elevation forests and landslide scars (Yancey) Bidens coronata Crowned Beggar-ticks SR-P - SH G5 CT: brackish marshes (Beaufort*, Chowan*, Craven*) Botrychiumjenmanti Alabama Grape-fern SR-P Si G3G4 MP: moist woods (Buncombe*, Burke, Cherokee*, Clay*, lredell*, Jackson*, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Rockingham+, Rutherford, Stoke"s*, Transylvania*) Botrychium lanceolatum var angustisegmentum Lance-leaf Moonvort SR-P SI GST4 MP: cove forests (Burke, Macon*) Botrychium matricarifolium Daisy-leafMoonwort SR-P Si G5 MP: cove forests (Avery, Burke, Jackson, Swain *, Yancey) Botrychium multifidum Leathery Grape-fern SR-P SH G5 M: grassy balds () Botrychium oneidense Blunt-lobed Grape-ern SR-P Si G4Q MP: cove forests, bogs (Avery*, Buncombe*, Burke, Forsyth+, Haywood*, Jackson, McDowdl, Mitchell *, Yancey*) Botrychium simplex var simplex Least Moonwort SR-P Si G5T5 M: open, grassy sites (Haywood, Jackson, Transylvania*) Brachyelytrum septmtrionale Northern Shorthusk SR-P S3 G4G5 M: northern hardwood forests (Ashe*, Avery*, Clay, Graham, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Transylvania)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 II Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global _loba Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome SR-P - Si G5 M: high elevation imist woods and seeps (Ashe, Mitchell+, Watauga) Buchnera americana American Bluehearts SR-P - SH G5? MPS: glades, open forests, streambanks, probably primarily over mafic or calcareous rocks (Cumberland*, Orange*, Polk*, Sampson*, Wake*) Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush E FSC S2 G2 M: bluffs, dry slopes, forests on lower slopes (Buncombe, Haywood, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain+) Bulbostylis warei Ware's Hair Sedge SR-P - SH G3G4 T: open sites (Brunswick*) Calamagrostiscainji Cain's Reed Grass E FSC SI GI M: high elevation rocky summits (Buncombe, Yan cey) Calamagrostiscanadensis Canada Reed Grass SR-P - Si G5 M: high elevation openings (Alleghany*, Ashe, Avery, Haywood*, Jackson*, Mitchell *,Watauga*) Calamagrostisporteri Porter's Reed Grass SR-P - Si G4 M: middle elevation. ridgetop forests (Clay, Jackson, Rutherford, Surry, Transylvania*) Calopogon multiflorus Many-flower Grass-pink E FSC Si G2G3 C: savannas (Onslow) Calthapalustris Marsh-marigold SR-P Si G5 M: boggy sites (Alleghany, Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe*, Madison*, Watauga, Yancey*) Calystegiacatesbeianassp sericata Blue Ridge Bindweed SR-T S3 G3T2T3Q MP: open, sunny sites (Burke, Clay, Cleveland, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania) Camassiascilloides Wild Hyacinth T Si G4G5 CP: rich levees, slopes, and bottomlands (Nortiampton*, Vance) Campanula aparinoides Marsh Bellflower SR-P S2 G5 M: bogs and other wet, open sites (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Clay+, Haywood+, Henderson, Jackson, Mitchell+, Transylvania*, Wilkes+, Yancey) Campanuldarotundifolia Bluebells SR-P - Sl G5 M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe) Cardamineclematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 M: high elevation seeps, shaded outcrops, and streambanks (Avery, Caldwell, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Mitchell, Swain*, Watauga, Yancey*) Cardaminedissecta )issected Toothwort SR-P S2 G4? PM: rich woods, cove forests, bottomlands (Anson, Davidson, Durham, Guilford*, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan+, Rutherford*)

12 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Global Cardaminedouglassii Douglass's Bitterciress SR-P - S2 G5 P: bottomlands, rich lower slopes (Cumberland, Durham, Granville, Harnett, Northampton, Orange+, Wake) Cardaminelongil Long's Bittercress SR-T - 1S G3 C: tidal marshes and tidal cypress-gum forests (Craven*, New Hanomvr, Pender) Cardaminemicranthera Small-anthered Bit tercress E E Sl GI P: seeps, streamside sandbyars, and floodplain depressions (Forsyth*, I Stokes) Cardaminerotundifolia Mountain Watercre :ss SR-P - SI G4 MP: seeps, banks of mountain brooks (Ashe, Mitchell, Stokes, Watauga) Carex aenea Bronze Sedge E - Si G5 M: grassy balds (Avery, Mitchell) Carex argyrantha Hay Sedge SR-P - SH G5 M: wet meadows (Ashe*) Carex barrattii Barratt's Sedge E - SH G4 MS: bogs, open wet areas (Hamett*, Hend erson*) Carex biltmoreana Biltmore Sedge SR-L - S3 G3 M: granitic domes and other cliffs and outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Polk, Rutherford, Transylvania) Carex bushii Bush's Sedge SR-P - Si G4 PM: open wet areas (Ashe*, Durham*, Granville*, Johnston*, Nash*, Orange, Rowan*) Carex buxbaumii Brown Bog Sedge SR-P - Si G5 MP: bogs and fens (Alleghany, Ashe, Forsyth*, Henderson, Watauga, Yancey*) Carex calcifugens Calcium-fleeing Sedi Ige SR-T - S2? G2G4 C: mesic deciduous forests and maritime woodlands Carex canescens ssp disjuncta Silvery Sedge SR-P - SI G5T4? CS: open wet areas (Hoke, Richmond, Scotland, Tyrrell) Carex careyana Carey's Sedge SR-P - Si G5 M: rich cove forests (Jackson) Carex cherokeensis Cherokee Sedge SR-P - SI G4G5 MP: floodplains (Cherokee*, Pender, Polk) Carex communis var amplisquama Fort Mountain Sedge SR-T FSC Si G3 M: rich woods (Hendeison) Carex conoidea Cone-shaped Sedge T - SI G5 M: bogs (Ashe*, Iredell+) Carex cristatella Small-crested Sedge SR-P - SH G5 M: grassy balds, bogs (Jackson*, Swain*) Carex crus-corvi Crowfoot Sedge SR-P Si G5 C: swamp forests (Columbus, Edgecombe*, Martin*, Pitt*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 13 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Carex decomposita Cypress Knee Sedge SR-T - Si G3 C: blackwaterswamp forests (Brunswick, Cumberland, New Hanover*, Richmond, Warren*) Carex deflexa Short-stemmed Sedge SR-D - Si G5 M: high elevation seepy forests Carex eburnea Bristle-leaf Sedge SR-P - Si G5 M: calcareous outcrops (Madison*) Carex exilis Coastal Sedge T - SI G5 S: seepage bogs (Cumberland, Hamrett, Hoke, Moore*) Carex hitchcockiana Hitchcock's Sedge SR-P Si G5 M: moist to dryish forests over calcareous or mafic rocks (Buncombe, Jackson, Macon) Carex hormathodes Marsh Straw Sedge SR-P - SI G4G5 C: marshes (Currituck) Carex impressinervia Ravine Sedge SR-T FSC Si GIG2 P: wet forests (Montgomery) Carexjamesii James's Sedge SR-P - SI G5 PC: rich woods, especially over mafic rocks (Caswell*, Durham, Halifax*, Lee*, Northampton*) Carex leptonervia Finely-nerved Sedge SR-P S2 G4 M: rich cove forests and seepage slopes (Al leghany, Avery*, Buncombe, Clay*, Graham, Haywood*, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison*, Swain*) Carex 1upulfformis Hop-like Sedge SR-P Si G4 CP: moist bottomlands, especially in calcareous or mafic areas (Brunswick, Craven*, Forsyth*, Jones) Carex lutea Golden Sedge E E Sl GI C: savanna-swamp forest ecotones, over coqu ina limestone (Onslo w, Pender) Carex meadii Mead's Sedge SR-P - SI G4G5 PM: low wet places over diabase (Durham*, Granville) Carex misera Wretched Sedge SR-L ,- S3 G3 M: high elevation rock outcrops (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Clay, Cocke, TN*, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Sevier, TN*, Swain*, Transylvania, Unicoi, TN, Watauga, Yancey) Carex oligocarpa Rich-woods Sedge SR-P - S2? G4 M: rich woods, mostly over calcareous or mafic rocks Carex aligosperma Few-seeded Sedge E - Si G4 M: seeps and bogs (Avery, Mitchell, Watauga) Carex pedunculata Longstalk Sedge SR-P Sl G5 M: rich cove forests (Henderson, Polk, Transylvania)

14 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Carexprojecta Necklace Sedge SR-P - Si GS CMP: bogs, marshes, swamps (Avery*, Cherokee*, Cumberland*,

     - Iredell*, Madison, Mecklenburg*,

Mitchell, Sevier, TN*, Swain*, Transylvania) Carexpurpurifera Purple Sedge SR-P - S2 G4? M: low elevation, rich forests over limestone or marble (Cherokee, Graham, Macon) Carex radfordii Radford's Sedge E FSC SI G2 M: rich cove forests in the Blue Ridge escarpment region (Jackson) Carex reniformis Kidney Sedge SR-P - SH G4? CP: swamps, open wet areas (Johnston*, Wake*) Carex roanensis Roan Sedge SR-T S2 G2 M: forests (McDowell, Mitchell) Carex schweinitzii Schweinitz's Sedge E. FSC SI G3 M: bogs and swanp forests (Henderson) Carex socialis Social Sedge SR-P - Sl G4 C: streambeds and riverbanks (Columbus, Cumberland, Pender) Carex sp 2 Fen Sedge SR-T - Sl G0 M: seepage overmafic or ultrarmfic rocks (Alleghany) Carex sp 4 SR-L - S2 G2G3 CS: pocosins, seepag slopes and bogs, and floodplains of blackwater streams Carex tenax Wire Sedge SR-P - S G5? S: xeric sandhills (Moore, Wayne*) Carex tetanica Rigid Sedge SR-P - SI G4G5 C: bogs and swamps (Macon, Wake*, Warren*, Wilson+) Carex trichocarpa Hairy-fruit Sedge SR-P - SH G4 M: marshy bogs (Ashe*, Haywood*) Carex trisperma Three-seeded Sedge SR-P - Sl G5 M: bogs, wet forests at high elevations (Avery, Buncombe+, Mitchell , Swain*, Watauga) Carex verrucosa Warty Sedge SR-P - SI G3G4 CS: savannas and pindands (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Colurnbus*, Cumberland*, Harnett*, Henderson, New Hanover*, On slow) Carex vestita Velvet Sedge SR-P - SH G5 P: low woods (Durham*) Carex willdenowii var megarrhyncha Southern Willdenow's Sedge SR-T - Sl G5T3? C: moist to wet forests over coquina limestone (marl) (Jones, Pender) Carex woodii Wood's Sedge SR-P S2 G4 MPC: forested slopes, cove forests, and northern hardwoods (Alleghany*, Ashe, Avery, Clay, Henderson, Jackson, Jones+, Macon, Mitchell*, Orange*, Transylvania, Watauga*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 15 Scientifc Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Carya laciniosa Big Shellbark Hickory SR-P - Si G5 C: brownwater river levees (Durham, Halifax) Caryamyristiciformis Nutmeg Hickory E - Si G4 C: wet marl frests (Pender) Caulophyllum giganteum Northern Blue Cohosh SR-P - Si G4G5Q M: cove forests (Alleghany*) Celastrus scandens American Bittersweet SR-P - S2? G5 MP: cove forests and rich woods Ceratophyllum muricatumssp australe Southern Hornwort SR-P - SI G5T? CT: pools in maritime forests, possibly other natural depression wetlands (Carteret*, Chowan) Chamaesyce cordifolia Heartleaf Sandmat SR-P - SH G5 C: sandhills (Richmond*, Wayne*) Chamerionplatyphyllum Fireweed SR-P - SI G5T5 (Avery, Caldwell, Hayvmod, Mitchell, Yancey*) Chasmanthium nitidum a spanglegrass SR-T - Si G3 C: blackwaterbottomlands (Pender) Cheilanthes alabamensis Alabama Lip-fern SR-P - SI G4G5 M: calcareous outcrops (Madison) Chelone cuthbertli Cuthbert's Turtlehead SR-L FSC S3? G3 MPC: bogs (Al leghany, Ashe, Avery*, Burke, Jackson, Maron*, McDowdl, Transylvania, Yancey) Chenopodium simplex Giant-seed Goosefoot SR-P - Si G5 M: shaded soil at bases of cliffs (Ashe*, Jackson*) Chrysomapauciflosculosa Woody Goldenrod E - SI G4G5 C: sandhills (Columbus, Cumberland, Robeson) Cirsium carolinianum Carolina Thistle SR-P - Si G5 P: forests and disturbed areas, mostly on basic soils (Burke, Cabarrus*, Granville, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Rowan*, Rutherford, Wake*, Wilkes+) Cirsium lecontei Leconte's Thistle SR-P - S2 G4G5 C: savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, On slow, Pender) Cladium mariscoides Twig-rush SR-O - S2 G5 CSMT: bogs, fens, brackish marshes, sandhill seepage bogs (Alleghany*, Ashe, Camden, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, On slow, Pender, Watauga, Yancey*) Clematis glaucophylla White-leaved Leatherflower SR-P - SH G4? MP: habitat not known (Buncombe+, Stokes+, Surry+) Clematis occidentalis Mountain Clematis SR-P - Si G5 M: rocky forests (Ashe, Buncombe) Clinopodium georgianum C3eorgia Calanint SR-P Si G5 SC: sandhills (Anson*, Brunswick, Pen der, Rich mond, Rob eson*) Coeloglossum viride var virescens Long-bracted Frog Orchid SR-P . Si G5T5

16 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Glba K-MP: seeps in cove forests (Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Forsyth*, Haywood*, Jackson*) Coelorachiscylindrica Carolina Jointgrass SR-P SH G4G5 P: open woodlands and roadsides (Anson*, Union*) Cohlinsoniatuberosa Piedmont Horsebalm SR-P - SI G3G4 PM: rich hardwood forests (Alamance, GCh atham, Gui Iford*, Henderson*, Montgomery, Orange*, Rutherford) Collinsoniaverticillata Whorled Horsebalm SR-T - S2 G3 PM: cove forests (Polk) Conioselinum chinense Hemlock-parsley E - Si G5 M: high elevation seepage slopes (Avery) Coptis trifoliassp groenlandica Goldthread SR-P - SI G5T5 M: bogs and moist, mossy forests (Alleghany) Coreopsis latifolia Broadleaf Coreopsis SR-T - S3 G3 M: cove forests and other rich woods (Avery, Buncombe, Carter, TN, Haywood, Henderson, McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Yancey) Cornus asperifolia Roughleaf Dogwood SR-P - Sl G4 C: wet marl frests (Onslow, Pender) Corydalis micranthassp micrantha Slender Corydalis SR-P SI G5T4 PM: thin, circumneutral soils on rock outcrops or cliffs (Alexander, Jackson', Madison) Crinum americanum Swamp-lily SR-P - SH G5 C: tidal swamp forests, tidal marshes (New Hanover*) Croton monanthogynus Prairie-tea Croton SR-P - SH G5 M: calcareous rock outcrops (Madison *) Cyperus dentatus Toothed Flatsedge SR-P - SH G4 C: marshes (Brunswick*, Cunituck*, Dare') Cyperus granitophilus Granite Flatsedge SR-T - Si G3Q P: granite flatrocks, other rock outcrop s (Alexander*, Forsyth*, Franklin, Granville, Wake, Yadkin*) Cyperus houghionii Houghton's Flat sedge SR-P - SH G4? P: dry soil Cyperus lecontei Leconte's Flatsedge SR-P - Si G4? C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, New Hanover*, Onslow) Cyperus tetragonus Four-angled Flat sedge SR-P - SI G4? T: maritime forests and barrier island grasslands (Brunswick, Carteret*, Dare, New Hano ver+, Ons low*, Pender) Cystopterisfragilis Fragile Fern SR-P - Si G5 M: high elevation cliffs (Mitchell, Watauga) Cystopteris tennesseensis Tennessee Bladder-fern E-SC - Si G5 CM: calcareous rock outcrops (Craven*, Graham*, Jones, Onslow*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 17 ScientificName Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global EGloba Cystopteris tenuis Upland Bladder-fern SR-P - SI G4G5 M: high elevation rocky summits, cliffs Dalibardarepens Robin Runaway E - Sl G5 M: bogs and moist woods under rhododendrons (Alleghany, Ashe, Transylvania) Danthonia epilis Bog Oatgrass SR-T FSC S2? G3? S: seepage bogs (Cumberland, Harnett, Moore, Richrmnd, Scotland) Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC SI G3 MP: grassy balds, glades, woodlands, mostly over mafic rock (Al legh any*, Ashe, Avery*, Durham, Granville, Haywood, Jackson, McDowell+, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*, Watauga) Deschampsia cespitosa ssp glauca Tufted Hairgrass SR-P SI G5T5 M: olivine barrens, high elevation outcrops of mafic rock (Clay) Desmodiumfernaidii Fernald's Tick-trefoil SR-P - Si G4 SC: fields and open woods Desmodium ochroleucum Creamy Tick-trefoil SR-T FSC Sl? G2? P: sandy or rocky woodland openings (Davie*, Orange*, Swain*) Desmodium sessil foNum Sessile Tick-trefoil SR-P - SH G5 P: open woodlands (Cabarrus*, Mecklenburg*) Diarrhenaamericana Eastern Beakgrass SR-P - SI G4? M: rich cove forest (Jackson) Dicentraeximia Bleeding Heart SR-P - S2 . G4 MP: rock outcrops (Buncombe, Burke, Haywuod, Macon*, Madison, Rutherford, Swain, Watauga*, Yancey) Dichanthelium annulum a witch grass SR-P - SH -G2G3 CP: dry sandy or rocky open woods and borders of thickets (Chatham*, Davie*, Durham*, Mecklenburg+, Montgomery*, Orange*, Person*, Rowan*, Stokes*, Wake*) Dichanthelium caerulescens Blue Witchgrass SR-T - SI G2G3 C: wet savannas with a calcarenus influence (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare*, Pender) Dichantheliumfusiforme Spindle-fruited Witch Grass SR-P Si G4G5T5? CS: dry sandy pinelands and other clearings (Beaufort, Bladen+, Brunswick, Columbus+, Jones, Moore*, Onslow, Richmond*) Dichanthelium hirstui firsts' Panic Grass E C Si GI C: cypress savannas (Onslow) Dichanthelium sp 5 1Nerve-flowered Witch Grass SR-D - Si G5? T: maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick, Carteret*, New Hano ver*) Dichanthelium sp 9 SR-L. - S2 02G3 C: wet meadows and ditches, streamside openings Didiplisdiandra Water Purslane SR-P SI G5

18 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global CS: sluggish streams and ponds (Edgecombe*,Harnett+, Hertford*, Johnston, Moore+, Nash, Perqui mans *, Richmond, Wake*, Warren) Diervilla rivularis Riverbank Bush-honeysuckle SR-T Si G3 M: forests (Yancey) Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap SR-L, SC FSC S3 G3 CST: savannas, seepage bogs, pocosin edges (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin, Hoke, Jones*, Lenoir*, Moore*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Robeson*, Sampson) Dodecatheon meadia var meadia Eastern Shooting Star SR-P - S2 G5T5 PM: rich, rocky woods over mafic or calcareous rocks (Anson*, Buncombe, Davidson*, Haywood, Henderson, Iredell*, Jackson, Macon, Mecklenburg*, Orange*, Ruiherford, Stan ly, Watauga*) Drabaramosissima Branching Draba SR-P - S2 G4 MP: calcareous and mafic rock outcrops (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Madison, Rutherford) Drabareptans Creeping Draba SR-P - SH G5 P: habitat not known (Lincoln*) Droserafififormis Threadleaf Sundew SR-P - Si G4G5 C: clay-based Carolina bays, wet savannas, ditches (Bladen, Brun swick*, Co lumb us, Duplin*, Sampson) Echinacea laevigata Smooth Coneflower E-SC E SI G2 P: glades, woodlands, and open areas over mafic rocks (Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg, Montgomery*, Orange*, Rockingham) Echinaceapurpurea Purple Coneflower SR-P Si G4 M: open woods and clearings (Burke+, Jackson*, Madison, Polk*, Rutherford*, Yadkin) Echinodorus tenellus Dwarf Burhead SR-T - Si G5? C: drawdown zones of clay-based Carolina bays and blackwater risers (Brunswick, Robeson) Eleocharis atropurpurea Purple Spikerush SR-D - SI G4G5 C: clay-based Carolina bays Eleochariscellulosa Gulfcoast Spikerush SR-P - SI G4G5 CT: interdune ponds, brackish marshes & tidal freshwater marshes (Beaufort, Carteret, Dare*, Hyde, Onslow*, Washington) Eleochariselongata Florida Spikerush SR-P - Si G5? C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Onslow) Eleocharis halophila Saltmarsh Spikerush T - Sl G4 CT: brackish and freshwater marshes (Dare, Hyde*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 19 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Eleocharismontevidensis Sand Spikerush SR-P - Si G CT: maritime wet grasslamd (Curritu ck*, Onslow) Eleocharisrobbinsii Robbins's Spikerush SR-P - S2 G4G5 C: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, peat-bum lakes, millponds, beaver ponds, artificial lakes (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover*, Ons low, Sampson, Scotland) Eleocharisrostellata Beaked Spikerush SR-O - S2 G5 CT: brackish marshes, limesink ponds? (Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Camden, Carteret, Currituck, Dare, Hyde) Eleocharis vivipara Viviparous Spikerush SR-O - Si GS C: bogs and pools Elymus trachycaulusssp trachycaulus Slender Wheatgrass SR-P - SI 05T5 M: oli vine barrens (Clay) Enemion biternatum Eastern Isopyrum SR-P - S2 G5 PC: rich bottomlands, levees, and lower slopes (Cumberland, Durh am, Franklin, Granville, Halifax*, Harnett, Lee, Northampton*, Orange', Person*, Vance) Epidendrum conopseum Green Fly Orchid SR-P - S2 G4 C: epiphytic on trees in blackwater river swamps (Columbus, New Hanover*, Pender*) Epilobium ciliatum Purpleleaf Willowhberb SR-P - S2 G5 M: seeps and bogs (Avery, Buncombe, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon*, Madison, Mitchell+, Swain*, Watauga, Yancey+) Eriocaulonaquaticum Seven-angled Pipewort SR-P - S2 G5 CS: blackwater creeks, natural lakes, tidal freshwater marshes (Bladen+, Brunswick*, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Perquimans*, Tyrrell, Washington) Eriocaulonparkeri Estuary Pipewort SR-T - Sl G3 C: natural lakes (Hyde, Tyrrell*) Eriocaulontexense Texas Hatpins SR-P - Si G4 S: sphagnous bog (Cumberland, Richmond) Eriogonum tomentosum Southern Wild-buckwheat SR-P - SH G4G5 C: sandhills Erythrinaherbacea Coralbean SR-P - Si G5 TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret*, New Hanover) Eupatorium godfreyanum Godfrey's Thoroughwort SR-P - Si G4 PM: woodlands, especially over mafic rocks (Caswell*, Durham, Granville*, Henderson*, McDowell, Orange*, Rutherford, Swain*, Vance", Wake") Eupatoriumincarnatum Pink Thoroughwort SR-P - S2 G5 PMC: rich woods and thin wodlands over diabase, calcareous rocks, other basic rocks, or rich alluvium

20 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global (Alexander, Durham*, Madison, Martin*, Polk, Richmond, Warren*, Wilkes) Eupatorium leptophyllum Limesink Dog-fennel SR-P SI G4G5 C: limesink ponds and clay-based Carolina bays (Brunswick, Marlboro, SC, New Hanover, Scotland) Eupatorium resinosum Pine Barren Boneset T-SC S3 G3 SC: seepage bogs, beaver ponds, pondshores, shrub swamps (Bladen*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Sampson, Scotland) Euphorbia commutata Cliff Spurge SR-P Si G5 MP: thin soil around mafic or calcareous outcrops (Buncombe, Caswell*, Haywood) Euphorbia mercurialina Cumberland Spurge SR-P - S G4 P: rich slopes over gabbro (Anson, Richmond) Euphorbiapurpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 M: forests, especially over mafic rock (Ashe*, Bunco mbe, Clay, Grah am, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Swain*, Watauga+, Yancey) Eurybia avita Alexander's Rock Aster SR-T FSC SX G3 M: thin soil around granitic outcrops (Transyl vani a*) Eurybiamirabilis Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 P: rich slopes and bottomlands (Anson, Macon*, Mecklenburg, Richmond, Stanly, Union) Eustachys glauca Saltinarsh Fingergrass SR-P - SH G4 T: salt marshes Filipendularubra Queen-of-the-prairie E - SI G4G5 M: bogs, wet meadows (Buncombe*, Haywood*, Macon, Watauga*, Yancey)- Fimbristylisperpusilla Harper's Fimbry T FSC Si G2 C: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus) Fothergillamajor Large Witch-alder SR-T - S2 G3 MP: dry ridgetop or bluff forests (Burke, Chath am, Gaston *, Montgomery, Orange, Polk*, Ruth erford, Stanly, Stokes, Surry*, Transylvania) Fraseracaroliniensis Columbo SR-P - S2S3 G5 M: deciduous forests (Cherokee*, Clay, Macon) Gaillardiaaestivalis Sandhills Gaillardia SR-P - Si G5 S: sandhills (Cumberland*, Hoke, Moore*, Richtnnd, Scotland) Galactiamollis Soft Milk-pea SR-P - S2 G4G5 ST: sandh ills (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Scotland, Wayne*) Gaylussacia brachycera Box Huckleberry SR-D - Si G3 P:dry ridges and slopes

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 21 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Gaylussacianana Confederate Huckleberry SR-P - SI G4 C: coastal fringe sandhill (New Hanover) Gelsemium rankinji Swamp Jessamine SR-P - S2 G5 C: floodplains of blackwater rivets and streams (Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland*, New Hanover, Pender) Gentianaflavida Yellow Gentian SR-D - SH G4 M: habitat not known (Watauga*) Gentianopsiscrinita Fringed Gentian E-SC - SI G5 M: glades, serpentine barrens, open sites over basic rocks (Ashe, Clay, Macon+, Watauga) Geum aleppicum Yellow Avens SR-P - SI G5 M: bogs (Avery*, Swain*) Geum geniculatum Bent Avens T FSC S2 G2 M: high elevation forests, streambanks, seepage slopes (Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, Watauga) Geum laciniatum var trichocarpum Rough Avens SR-P - SI G5T? M: bogs (Avery, Wilkes*) Geum radiatum Spreading Avens E-SC E SI GI M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke*, Mitchell, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Glyceria laxa Lax Mannagrass SR-P - SI G5 M: seeps (Alleghany*, Henderson*, Macon*, Transylvania*) Glyceria nubigena Smoky Mountain Mannagrass T FSC S2 G2 M: high elevation seeps (Graham, Haywood, Swain*, Transylvania) Gnaphalium helleri var helleri Heller's Rabbit Tobacco SR-P - S2? G4G5T3? PS: dry woodlands, openings, and glades, especially over mafic rocks (Anson*, Cabarrus, Davidson, Forsyth*, Franklin*, Granville, Guilford*, Halifax*, Hoke, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Orange*, Person*, Rowan*, Scotland*, Union, Wake) Gnaphalium hellerivar micradenium Small Rabbit Tobacco SR-T - SI G4G5T3? P: dry woodlands (Caswell, Granville*, Person, Stokes*, Vance) Grammitis nimbata West Indian Dwarf Polypody E FSC S1 G4? M: spray zone behind waterfalls (Macon) Gratiolaaurea Golden Hedge-hyssop . SR-O - Si G5 C: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers Gratiolaramosa Branched Hedge-hyssop SR-P - SI G4G5 CS: savannas, boggy places, clay-based Carolina bays, other open, wet sites Gymnocarpium appalachianum Appalachian Oak Fern E FSC SI G3 M: shaded and sheltered crevices on high elevation rocky summits (Ashe) Hasteolasuaveolens Sweet Indian-plantain SR-T SH G3 M: bottomlands (Buncombe+, Henderso n*, Transy Ivan ia*)

22 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrencel N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Helenium brevifolium Littleleaf Sneezeweed E - SI G3G4 PMC: bogs, seeps, riverbanks, other wet sites (Brunswick*, CIay*, Henderson*, Iredel 1,Lenoir*, Montgomery, Rowan*, Wake*) Helenium pinnatifidum Dissected Sneezeweed SR-P - S2 G4 C: savannas and open, wet, mucky sites (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Lincoln*, NewHanover*, Pender, Robeson *) Helenium vernale Spring Sneezeweed E - S G4? C: savannas and adjacent ditches (Brunswick, Columbus) Helianthemum bicknelli Plains Sunrose SR-P - SH G5 M: rock outcrops, glades, fens (Ashe*, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania*) Helianthemum carolinianum Carolina Sunrose SR-P - Sl G4 CS: sandhills, pinelands, dry savannas (Brunswick Cafteret*, Craven*, Cumberland*, Hoke, New Hanover, Pender, Robeson*, Wilson*) Helianthemum corymbosum Pinebarren Sunrose SR-P - S1 G4G5 TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare*) Helianthemum georgianum Georgia Sunrose SR-P - Si G4 TC: maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret*, Dare*, Hyde*, New Hanover) Helianthemum nashii Florida Scrub Frostweed SR-D - SI G3? C: coastal fringe sandhill (New Hanover) Helianthemum propinquum Creeping Sunrose SR-P - Si G4 M: rock outcrops, glades (All eghany, Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe, Clay, Forsyth*, Haywood, Henderson*, Rockingham*, Stokes*, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey) Helianthemum rosmarinifolium Rosemary Sunrose SR-P - S2 G4 SC: disturbed habitats and roadsides Helianthusfloridanus Florida Sunflower SR-P - Si G3G4 C: savannas and pocosins Helianthus laevigatus Smooth Sunflower SR-P - S2 G4 PM: shaly open woods and roadsides . I (Anson, Burke, Clevland*, Davidson, Montgomery, Rovwan, Rutherford, Stanly, Union) Helianthusoccidentalis Few-leaf Sunflower SR-P - SX G5 M: sandy bottomlands (Buncombe*) Helianthusschweinitzii Schweinitz's Sunflower E E S3 G3 P: open woods and roadsides (Anson, Cabarrus, Davidson, Gaston, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan, Stanly, Stokes*, Surry, Union) Heliotropium curassavicum var curassavicum Seaside Heliotrope SR-P - SH G5T5 T: salt flats and salt marshes (Hyde*) Heloniasbullata Swamp Pink T-SC T S2 G3 M: bogs (Ashe, Henderson, Jackson, Transylvania)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 23 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Heterantheramultiflora Multiflowered Mud-plantain SR-P - Si G4 C: open pools in brownwater or blackwater river floodplains (Bertie*, Martin*, Pasquotank*, Perquirnans*, Washington) Hexalectrisspicata Crested Coralroot SR-P - S2 G5 PMC: dry or mesic woods on basic soils (Alleghany, Burke*, Cabarrus, Clay, Cumberland, Davidson*, Davie*, Durham*, Franklin*, Granville*, Hoke, Jacks on*, John ston *,Jon es*, Macon, Madison *! Mecklenburg*, Orange, Polk*, Randolph, Rutherford, Stanly, Suny*) Hexastylis contracta Mountain Heartleaf E FSC SI G3 M: acidic forests under rhododendron (Buncombe, Henderson) Hexastylis lewisii Lewis's Heartleaf SR-L S3 G4 PSC: forests, pocosin edges (Bladen, Burke*, Chatham, Cumberland*, Duplin*, Durham, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Johnston, Lenoir*, Nash, Orange, Pender, Person, Sampson, Vance, Wake) Hexastylis naniflora Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S3 G3 P: rich deciduous forests, bluffs, and ravines (Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland, Lincoln, Polk, Rutherford) Hexastylis rhombifonnis French Broad Heartleaf SR-L FSC S2 G2 MP: cove forests (Buncombe, Henderson, Polk, Transylvania) Hibiscus aculeatus Comfortroot SR-P SI G4G5 C: savannas (Carteret*, New Hanover*, Robeson*) Hierochloe odorata Holy Grass E - SI G4G5 M: bogs (Ashe, Macon) Hottoniainflata Water Violet I SR-O - S2 G4 CPT: pools in black- or brown-water swamps, interdune ponds (Gates, John ston, Martin*) Houstonia longifolia var glabra Granite Dome Bluet SR-L - S2 G4GST2Q M: high elevation granitic domes, rarely other outcmps (Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Transylvania) Houstoniamontana Roan Mountain Bluet E E S2 G2 M: high elevation rocky summits, grassy balds (Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Hudsonia montana Mountain Golden-heather E I T Si GI M: gorge rim outcrops, rocky summits, pine-oak/heath ridges (Burke, McDowell Hudsonia tomentosa Woolly Beach Heather SR-P S2 GS T: openings in mafitime forest, blowouts, dunes and medaaos (Currituck, Dare) Huperzia appalachiana Appalachian Fir-clubmoss SR-P - S2 G4G5

24 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: high elevation rocky summits, seeps, fens (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Rutherford, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Huperziaporophila Rock Fir-clubmoss SR-P - S2 G4 M: in spray zone ofwaterfalls (Jackson, Macon, Polk*j Rutherford, Transylvania) Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC - S2 G4 MP: cove forests, other rich deciduous forests (Alleghany, Buncombe, Jackson, Macon, Mad ison*, Polk, Rockingham, Stokes, Swain, Watauga*) Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Largeleaf Waterleaf SR-P - S2 G5 M: rich woods, especially rocky calcareous forests and cliffs (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Madison, Yancey) Hymenocallis occidentalis Hillside Spider-lily SR-P - SH G4? M: wooded hillsides Hymenocallis pygmaea Waccamaw River Spiderlily SR-L FSC S2? G2G3 C: banks of blackwater rivers Hymenophyllum tayloriae Gorge Filmy Fern E SIS2 GIG2 M: moist grottoes and spray cliffs in escarpment gorges with high rainfall (Jackson, Macon) Hypericum adpressum Bog St. John's-wort SR-T FSC SH G2G3 C: boggy places (Halifax*, New Hanover*, Northampton*) Hypericumfasciculatum Peelbark St. John's-wort SR-D - Si G5 C: beaver ponds, low pinelands, pools (Cumberland*, Hoke, Moore, New Hano ver*) Hypericum sp I Radford's St. John's-wort SR-L FSC S2 G2 P: thin soils around rock outclops in the Brushy Mountains Hypericum sp 2 a St. John's-wort SR-L FSC S2 G2 C: pine savannas over coquina limestone Hypericum suffruticosum Pineland St. John's-wort SR-P - SH G4G5 C: pine savannas (Bladen*, Sampson*) Hypoxisjuncea Fringed Yellow Stargrass SR-P - SI G4? C: savannas Hypoxis rigida Stiff-leaved Yellow Stargrass SR-P - S2 G4 C: savannas Hypoxis sessilis Sessile Yellow Stargrass SR-P - Si G4 CS: savannas, pinelands (P ender*) 11ex amelanchier Sarvis Holly SR-P - S3 G4 CS: blackwaterswamps and riverbanks, clay-based Carolina bays (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Harnett+, Hoke, Montgomery, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotlmd) l1ex collina Long-stalked Holly T - Si G3 M: bogs, wet streamsides, or high elevation forests (Swain, Watauga)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 25 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global 11ex longipes Georgia Holly SR-P - SH G5 P: upland forests and woodlands (Anson*, Nash*, Wilson*) Ipomoea imperati Beach Morning-glory SR-P - Si G5 T: sea beaches and foredunes (Brunswick, Carteret) Irisprismatica Slender Blue Iris SR-T - SIS2 G4G5 CM: bogs and marshes Isoetes microve/a Quillwort SR-L FSC SI GI C: emergent riverbanks, calcareous influenced riverbanks (Brunswick, Jones, On slow) Isoetespiedmontana Piedmont Quillwort T' Sl G3 P: granite flatrocks and diabase glades (Anson, Franklin, Granville, Rowan*, Rutherford, Wake*) Isoetes riparia Riverbank Quillwort SR-P SI G5? C: tidal freshwater marshes and swamp forests (Craven*, Currituck*, Pender, Pitt*,Tyrrell*) Isoetes virginica Virginia Quillwort SR-L FSC Si GI

 -       P: upland depression swamp forests, clayey soils (Caswell*, Chatham*,

Mecklenburg*, Person, Rowan*, Union*) Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 MPS: forests, especially with white pine (Burke, Cherokee, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Rutherford, Surry*, Transylvania) Iva microcephala Small-headed Marsh Elder SR-P - Si G5 C: clay-based Carolina bays (Marlboro, SC, Robeson, Scotland) Jeffersoniadiphylla Twin Leaf SR-P - Si G5 M: rich cove forests, especially over calcareous rocks (Jackson) Juncus caesariensis Rough Rush (=New Jersey Rush) E FSC SI G2 M: seepage bog (Clay, Henderson) Juncus trifidus Highland Rush E - Si G5 M: high elevation rodcy summits (Ashe, Buncombe, Mitchell) Juniperuscommunis var depressa Dwarf Juniper SR-D - Si G5TS MP: high elevation granitic domes, low elevation rocky summits (Buncombe*, Qeveland, Gaston, Macon) Kalmia cuneata White Wicky SR-L - S3 G3 CS: pocosins (Bladen, Craven*, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Pender, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland) Lachnocaulon minus Brown Bogbutton SR-P - S2 G3G4 CS: savannas, seeps (Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Lechea maritima var virginica Maritime Pinweed SR-T - SI G5T3Q T: barren dunefields with Hudsonia tomentosa (Dare) Lechea torreyi Torrey's Pinweed SR-P - SI G4G5 CS: sandhills, savannas (Brunswick, Moore*, Pender)

26 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Leptochloafascicularisvar maritima Long-awned Spangletop SR-O - SI G5T3T4Q CT: fresh to brackish tidal marshes (Brunswick, Currituck, Dare*, Hyde, Tyrrell) Liatris aspera Rough Blazing Star SR-P - Si G4G5 M: glades, open woods, fens (Ashe, Burke*, Cleveland, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon*, McDowell*, Polk*, Rutherford, Transylvania*) Liatris helleri Heller's Blazing Star T-SC T S2 G2 M: high elevation rocky summits, cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Burlk, Caldwell, Mitchell*, Watauga) Liatris microcephala Small-head Blazing Star SR-P - Si G3G4 M: rock outcrops, glades, dry woodlands (Macon*, Polk*, Rutherford) Liatrissquarrulosa Earle's Blazing Star SR-P - S2 G4G5 PSM: diabase glades, open woods especially over mafic rocks; also sandhill s (Cumberland, Durham, Graham, Granville, Harnett+, Hoke, Orange*, Richmond, Robeson, Rutherford, Scotland, Stokes+, Swain*) Liatris turgida Shale-barren Blazing Star SR-T - S2 G3 M: dry rocky woods (Budcombe*, Burke, Cleveland, Macon*, Polk*, Rutherford) Lilaeopsis carolinensis Carolina Grassvort T S3 G3G5 TC: freshwater marshes, pools, tidal marshes (Brunswick, Camden, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Washington) Lilium canadensessp canadense Yellow Canada Lily SR-P - SI GST4? M: bogs, wet meadows (Cabarrus, Watauga) Lilium canadensessp editorum Red Canada Lily SR-P - SI G5T4 MP: bogs, wet meadows (Al leghany*, Avery*, Cabarru s, Graham, Henderson+, Rutherford+, Stanly*, Watauga*) Lilium grayi Gray's Lily T-SC FSC S3 G3 M: bogs, wet meadows, seeps, grassy balds, high elevation forests (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Carter, TN, Henderson*, McDowell, Mitchell, Watauga, Yancey) Lilium philadelphicum varphiladelphicum Wood Lily SR-P Sl G5T4T5 M: grassy balds, glades (Ashe, Avery, Haywood, Mitchell, Polk+, Swain*, Watauga, Yancey) Lilium pyrophilum Sandhills Lily E-SC FSC S2 G2 S: peaty seepage bogs (Cumberland, Hamet, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Nash*, Northampton*, Richmond, Scotland) Limosella australis Awl-leaf Mudvmrt SR-P - SI G4G5 T: tidal marshes (Currituck)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 27 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Lindera melissifolia Southern Spicebush E E Si G2 C: Carolina bays, upland depressions, and o ther wet areas (Bladen*, Cumberland, Sampson) Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 G2 SP: streamhead pocosins, white cedar swamps, bogs (Anson*, Cumbaland, Hoke, Johnston, Lee, Montgomery, Moore, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake) Linumfloridanum var chrysocarpum Yellow-fruited Flax SR-T Si G5?T3? C: pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Pender) Linum sulcatum var sulcatum Glade Flax SR-P - SH G5T5 P: diabase glades (Granville*) Liparis loeselli Fen Orchid SR-P - Si GS MT: seeps, bay swamps (All eghany, Ashe+, Avery*, Dare, Jackson*, Rutherford*, Swain, Watauga*) Lipocarphamicrantha gmall-flowered Hemicarpha SR-O - Si G4 CT: drawdown zones of blackwater rivers, salt marshes (Columbus*, Dare *) Lithospermum canescems Hoary Puccoon SR-P - Sl G5 P: diabase glades, open woods over diabase (Durham, Granville) Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 G3 C: limesink ponds, other pools (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Gates, Hoke*, New Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Wayne) Lobelia boykinii Boykin's Lobelia T FSC Si G2G3 C: clay-based Carolina bays, wet pine savannas (Bladen*, Cumberland, Hoke, Marlboro, SC, Onslow, Scotland) Lonicera canadensis American Fly-honeysuckle SR-P - S2 G5 M: bogs, moist woods (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mi tche II*, Watauga, Yancey*) Loniceraflava Yellow Honeysudcle SR-P - S2 G5? MP: thin soils around rock outcrops, mainly mafic (Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford) Lophiola aurea Golden Crest E - Si G4 C: very wet mucky habitats in pine savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow) Lotus helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 P: open woods over clay soils, roadsides (Cabarrus, Caswell*, Davidson, Davie*, Granville, Iredell*, Mecklenburg, Moore, Person*, Rockingham, Rowan, Stanly, Union, Warren*) Ludwigia alata Winged Seedbox SR-P - S2 G4 TC: interdune ponds, marshes (Brunswick*, Camden, Carteaet, Craven, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, New

28 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Hanover*, Onslow*, Pasquotank, Tyrrell*) Ludwigia brevipes Long Beach Seedbox SR-T S2 G2G3 CS: low, wet places and ditches (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Currituck*, Dare*, Gates*, Hamett*, Hyde*, Johnston*, Robeson*, Sampson*, Wayne*) Ludwigia lanceolata Lanceleaf Seedbox SR-P Si G3 TC: interdune ponds, open wet areas (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare*, New Hanover) Ludwigia linifolia Flaxleaf Seedbox SR-P S2 G4 CT: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow) Ludwigia ravenii Raven's Seedbox SR-T FSC S2? G2? C: savannas, swamps, marshes, wet open places (Brunswick*, Carteret, Chowan*, Columbus, Craven*, Duplin*, Gates *, New Hanover*, Pamlico*, Perquimans*, Sampson*) Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Globe-fruit Seedbox SR Si GS CS: bogs and pools (Bladen*, Columbus, Craven, Dare*, Hoke*, Johnston*, New Hanover, Richmond, Washington*) Ludwigia suffruticosa Shrubby Seedbox SR-P - S2 G5 CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays (Bladen *, Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow, Scotland) Luziolafluitans Southern Water Grass SR-P - SIS2 G4G5 C: pools, lakes, streams (Bladen, Columbus, Moore, Pender, Richmond, Scotland) Lycopodiella inundata Bog Clubmoss SR-P - SI G5 M: bogs and seeps (Avery, Watauga) Lycopus angustifolius Southern Bog Water-horehound SR-P - SI G4? C: bogs and marshes Lysimachia asperulifolia Rough-leaf Loosestri fe E E S3 G3 CS: pocosin/savanna ecotones, pocosins (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Paniico, Pender, Richmond, Scotland) Lysimachiafraseri Fraser's Loosestrife E FSC S2 G2 M: forests, roadsides (Buncombe*, Haywood+, Henderson+, Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Lysimachia hybrida Lowland Loosestrife SR-P - Si G5 MPC: bottomlands Lythrum lanceolatum Southern Winged-loosestrife SR-T - SI G5 C: marshes and low, wet places Macbridea caroliniana Carolina Bogmint T FSC S2 G2G3 C: blackwater swamps, savanna/pocosin ecotones, ditches (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Harnett, Johnston, Jones+, Pender, Robeson, Sampson)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 29 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Magnolia macrophylla Bigleaf Magnolia SR-P S2 G5 P: rich deciduous forests (Gaston, Henderson, Iredell, Wake) Malaxis bayardii Appalachian Addef's-mouth SR-T - S1 G2 MP: upland forests (McDomwell) Malaxis spicata Florida Adder's Mouth SR-P - Si G4? CT: maritime swamp forests, calcareous but mucky outer coastal plain swamps (Brunswick*, Carteret, Chowan, Craven, Dare*, Jones*) Marshalliagrandiflora Large-flowered Barbara's Buttons SR-T FSC SH G2 MP: bogs, dry basic soils (Henderson*, Polk*) Marshalliasp I Butner Barbara's Buttons SR-L FSC Si G1 P: clayey upland soils over diabase (Granville) Marshalliatrinervia Broadleaf Barbara's Buttons SR-P - SH G3 M: habitat not known (Macon+) Matelea decipiens Glade Milkvine SR-P - S2 G5 PC: thin woodlands over rafic or calc areo us rocks (Burke, Da vids on*, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Hertford*, Orange*, Richumsnd, Rutherford*, Stanly, Wake) Meehania cordata Meehania SR-P - S2 G5 M: cove forests, boulderfields (Alleghany+, Ashe, Avery*, Haywood, Madison*, Watauga, Yancey*) Melanthium woodii Ozark Bunchflower SR-P - SH G5 M: habitat not known Melica nitens Three-flowered Melic SR-P - 1S G5 M: open calcareous mods (Madison) Menyanthes trifoliata Buckbean T - Sl G5 M: bogs (Watauga) Milium effusum Millet-grass SR-P - SH G5 M: high elevation forests or openings (Swain*) Minuartiagodfreyi Godfrey's Sandwort E FSC Sl GI C: tidal freshwater marshes (Caven, Jones*) Minuartiagroenlandica Greenland Sandwort SR-D - S2 G5 MP: high elevation and low elevation rocky summits (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Mitchell, Stokes, Surry) Minuartiauniflora' Single-flowered Sandwort E - SI G4 P: granite flatrocks (Anson, Rowan*, Rutherford) Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 PM: dry forests and bluffs (Alamance+, Alleghany+, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell*, Catawba, Chatham, Cleveland, Durham, Henderson+, Jackson, Macon+, McDowell, Orange, Person*, Polk*, Rutherford, Stokes, Swain*, Transylvania, Wake*) Muhlenbergia glabriflora Clay-pan Muhly SR-P - SH G4? P: clay soils Muhlenbergia glomerata Bristly Muhly SR-P - Sl G5

30 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: olivine barrens, fens, mafic cliffs (Ashe, Clay) Muhlenbergia sobolifera Rock Muhly SR-P - SH G5 M: dripping cliffs and rocky slopes (McDowell*, Mi tchell*) Muhlenbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass E - Si G3 CS: cypress savannas (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson) Myrica gale Sweet Gale E - Si G5 M: bogs (Henderson) Myriophyllum laxum Loose Waternilfoil T FSC SI G3 CS: limesink ponds, waters of natural lakes (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland, Hoke, On slow) Myriophyllum tenellum Leafless Watermilfoil SR-P Si G5 C: waters of natural lakes, Washington) (Bladen, Tyrrell, Washington) Narthecium americanum Bog Asphodel E C SX G2 M: bogs (Henderson*) Oenotheraperennis Perennial Sundrops SR-P - S2 GS MPC: bogs (Avery+, Burke, Clay, Hertford*, Iredell+, Jackson, Maon, McDowell, Transylvania, Tyrrell*) Oldenlandiaboscii Bosc's Bluet SR-P - Sl G5 C: clay-based Carolina bays (Brunswick, Colunbus, Cumberland, Hoke, Scotland) Orbexilum macrophyllum Bigleaf Scurfpea E FSC SH GH M: low mountain forests or outcrops? (Polk*) Oxypolis canbyi Canby's Dropwort E E S1 G2 C: clay- based C arolin a bays (Scotland) Pachysandraprocumbens Allegheny Spurge SR-P - SI G4G5 P: cove forests (Polk) Packera millefolium Divided-leaf Ragwort T FSC S2 G2 M: granitic domes. other outcrops (Buncombe, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford) Packerapaupercula Balsam Ragort SR-P - Sl? G5 PMC: fens, bogs, and diabase glades (Alleghany*, Avery*, Nash*, Onslow, Transylvania*, Yancey*) Panicumflexile Wiry Panic Grass SR-P - SI G5 PM: glades and openings over mafic rocks (Ashe*, Durham*, Granville, Orange*) Panicum lithophilum Flatrock Panic Grass SR-T FSC S1 G2G3Q MP: soil islands on granite domes Panicum tenerum Southeastern Panic Grass SR-P - S3 G4 CST: wet savannas, sandhill seeps, limesink ponds (Blad en, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Cumberland, Marlboro, SC, Moore*, New Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Scotland)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 31 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Parietariapraetermissa Large-seed Pellitory SR-P S1 G3G4 TC: shell middens, disturbed sites, maritime forests (Brunswick*, Carteret, Hyde*, Onslow) Parnassiacaroliniana Carolina Grass-of-parnassus E S2 G3 CS: wet savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee*, Onslow, Pender, Scotland) Parnassiagrandifolia Large-leaved Grass-of-pamassus T FSC S2 G3 MCP: fens and seeps over calcareous or mafic rocks (Alleghany, Ashe, Avely*, Brunswick, Buncombe*, Clay, Columbus, Haywood, McDowell, Transylvania, Watauga*) Paronychiaherniarioides Michaux's Whitlow-wort SR-P SI G3G4 S: sandhills Parthenium auriculatum Glade Wild Quinine SR-T Sl G3?Q PM: glades and openings owr mafic rocks (Burke, Durham, Franklin, Granvill e, Guilford*, Macon *, Montgomery, Orange*, Person, Rockingham*, Warren*) Paspalum dissectum Mudbank Crown Grass SR-P - SI G4? CTP: mudflats, other open wet areas (Brunswick, Moore, Pender, Scotland) Pedicularislanceolata Swamp Lousewort SR-P - S1 G5 M: bottomlands, swampy woods (Buncombe+, Cherokee+, Clay, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*, Watauga*) Pellaea wrightiana Wright's Cliff-brake E-SC - S G5 P: rock outcrops, mafic or with nutrient-rich seepag (Alexander, Stanly) Peltandrasagittifolia Spoonflower SR-P - S2S3 G3G4 C: pocosins, other wet, peaty sites (Bru nswi ck, C arte ret, Columbus *, Craven*, Dare, Jones*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Phaceliacovillei Buttercup Phacelia SR-T FSC S2 G2 PC: bottomlands, rich lower slopes (Alamance, Chatham, Harnett, Lee, Moore, Vance) Phegopterisconnectilis Northern Beech Fern SR-P - Sl G5 M: spray zone ofwaterfalls, spruce-fir forests, high elevation seepage bogs (Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania*) Phlox subulata Moss Pink SR-P Sl GS M: outcrops and glades, especially over mafic rocks (Ashe, Buncombe, Jackson*, Madison+, Yancey) Pinguicula lutea Yellow Butterwort SR-P - S2 G4G5 C: savannas Pinguiculapumila Small Butterwoft SR-P - S2 G4 C: savannas (CaTteret, Pender) Pityopsisgraminifoliavar graminifolia a silkgrass SR-P - Sl? G5T4 C: savannas, pine fiatwoods, sandy roadsides (Brunswick, Columbus)

32 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank a _ N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Plantagocordata Heart-leaf Plantain E Si G4 P: beds of small, slate-bottomed, perennial strearm (Davidson) Plantagosparsiflora Pineland Plantain E FSC Sl G3 C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender) Platantheraflavavar herbiola Northern Green Orchid SR-P - SI? G4T4Q M: bogs and moist forests (Buncombe*, Clay*, Forsyth*, Graham*, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania) Platantheragrandiflora Large Purple-fringed Orchid SR-P - S2 GS M: bogs, seeps, grassy bal ds, high elevation moist forests and banks (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Clay, Haywood*, Macon, McDowelI*, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey) Platantheraintegra Yellow Fringeless Orchid* T - SI G3G4 CMP: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Cherokee*, Columbus, Craven, Forsyth+, Henderson+, Onslow*, Pamlico+, Pender, Robeson+, Rowan*) Platantheraintegrilabia White Fringeless Orchid E C SX G2G3 M: bogs (Cherokee*, Henderson*) Platantheranivea Snowy Orchid T - Sl GS C: wet savannas (Beaufo rt*, B lade n*, Brunswick, Columbus*, Craven, Dare, Hoke*, New Hanover*, Pender, Robeson*) Platantheraperamoena Purple Fringeless Orchid SR-P - 1S GS MP: bogs, forests (Buncombe+, Burke*, Caldwell*, Clay*, Durham, Forsyth+, Guilford, Haywood*, Henderson+, Jackson*, Macon*, Mitchell*, Orange, Swain*, Transylvania, Warren*, Watauga, Yancey*) Poapaludigena Bog Bluegrass E FSC SI G3 M: bogs (Ashe, Avery, Watauga*) Poapalustris Swamp Bluegrass,. SR-P - Si G5 M: spruce-fir forests, grassybalds (Avery, Haywood*, Henderson*, Macon*, Mitchell, Polk*, Swain*, ,i: Yanc ey*) Poa saltuensis a bluegrass SR-P - Si G5 M: olivine barrens (Clay, Haywood*) Polemonium reptans Jacob's-ladder SR-P - S G5 PM: rich woods (Stokes*) Polygalagrandiflora Showy Milkwort SR-P - S2 G5? SC: sandhills (Richimnd, Scotland) Polygala hookerd Hooker's Milkmort SR-T - S2 G3 C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Polygala nana Dwarf Milkwort SR-D - Sl? G5 M: habitat in North Carolina not known Polygonellaarticulata Coast Jointweed SR-P - SX G5 C: sandhills (Gates*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 33 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Polygonum amphibium Water Smartweed SR-P - Si G5 MPC: marshes Polygonum glaucum Seabeach Knotweed SR-T - Si G3 T: ocean and sound beaches (Beaufort+, Brunswick, Carteret, Dare*, Hyde*, NewHanover+) Polygonum hirsutum Hairy Smartweed SR-P - SI G4G5 CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, drawdown zones of blackwater triverbanks (Brunswick*, Carteret*, Onslow*, Richnmnd, Scotland *) Ponthieva racemosa Shadow-witch SR-P - S2 G4G5 C: blackwater forests and swamps, especially over marl (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Jones, Onslow, Pender) Porteranthusstipulatus Indian Physic SR-P - S2 G5 P: forests and open woods mainly over mafic rocks (Cabarrus*, Chatham+, Davidson, Durham, Granville, Lee*, Montgomery*, Moore*, Orange, Person, Union, Wake) Portulacasmallii Small's Portulaca T - S2 G3 P: granite flatrocks and diabase glades (Cabarrus, Forsylh*, Franklin, Granville, Rowan, Wake) Potamogeton confervoides Conferva Pondweed SR-D FSC S2 G4 SC: beaverponds and old nillponds on blackwater cieeks (Cumberland, Gates*, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Prenanthes alba White Rattlesnakeroot SR-P - S2 G5 M: hardwood forests Prenanthesroanensis Roan Rattlesnakeroot SR-L - S3 G3 M: grassy balds high elevation forests and outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Carter, TN, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Mithell, Surry*, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Prunuspumila var susquehanae Susquehanna Cherry SR-P - SH G5T4 MP: rocky forests (Durham*) Psilotum nudum Whiskfern SR-D - Si G5 C: acid swamp (Chowan) Pteroglossaspisecristata Spiked Medusa (=Eulophia) E FSC SI G2 C: pinelands (Bladen+, Cumberland*, Hoke, New Hanover*) Ptilimnium costatum Ribbed Bishop-weed SR-P Si G3G4 CT: tidal swamps or marshes (Brunswick*, New Hanover) Ptilimnium nodosum Harperella E E Si G2 P: rocky riverbeds (Chatham, Granville, Lee*) Ptilimnium sp I Carolina Bishopweed SR-L FSC SI GI C: tidal freshwater marshes (Brunswick, New Hanover)

34 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's Mountain-mint SR-T FSC SH G2 PM: dry upland forests and woodlands, over mafic rocks (Alexander*, Ashe*, Cleveland*, Granville*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Orange, Wilkes*) Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia Mountain-mint SR-P - Si G5 MP: forests, woodland borders Pyrola elliptica Elliptic Shinleaf SR-P - 1S G5 M: moist forests (Ashe) Pyxidantherabarbulatavar brevifolia Sandhills Pyxie-moss E FSC S3 G4T3 S: sandhills (Cumbedand, Harnett, Hoke, Moore) Quercus austrina Bluff Oak SR-P - Si G5 CP: bluff and bottomland forests (Anson, Craven*, Johnston*, Jones*, Montgomery, Richmond, Sampson*) Quercus ilicifolia Bear Oak T - Si G5 P: dry summits and rocky woods on Piedmont monadnocks (Burke, Gaston, Stokes, Surry) Quercus prinoides Dwarf Chinquapin Oak SR-P - SH G5 PM: dry, rocky slopes (Caldwell*, Cleveland*, Gaston *,Gui lford*, Iredell*, Jackson*, Polk*, Rutherford*, Stanly*) Ranunculus ambigens Water-plantain Spearwort SR-P - SH G4 CP: open wet areas (Bertie*, Orange*, Perquimans*) Ranunculusfascicularis Thick-root Buttercup SR-P - Si G5 MP: serpentine and diabase barrens Ranunculusflabellaris Yellow.Water-aowfoot SR-P - Si G5 C: pools in blackwater swamps (Edgecombe*, Gates*) Ranunculus hederaceus Ivy Buttercup SR-D - SH G5 C: marshes (Currituck*) Ranunculus micranthus Rock Buttercup SR-P - SH G5 P: rich woods Rhexia aristosa Awned Meadow-beauty T FSC S3 G3 C: clay-based Carolina bays and limesink ponds (B laden, Brunswick*, Cumberland*, Hoke, Marlboro, SC, Onslow, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Rhexia cubensis West Indies Meadow-beauty SR-P. S3 G4G5 C: limesink ponds (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Sampson) Rhododendron cumberlandense Cumberland Azalea SR-P SI G4? M: grassy or shrub balds (Graham*, Macon, Swain*, Transylvania*) Rhododendron prinophyllum Election Pink SR-P Si. G5 M: high elevation forests (Ashe) Rhododendron vaseyi Pink-shell Azalea SR-L S3 G3 M: wet swampy places, high elevation rocky areas, openings, or forests (Avery, Bunconbe, Caldwell, Haywood, Jaclkon, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell+, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 35 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Rhus michauxii Michaux's Sumac E-SC E S2 G2 SCP: sandhills, sandy forests, woodland, woodland edges (Cumberland, Davie, Durham*, Franklin, Hoke, Johnston*, Lincoln*, Mecklenburg*, Moore, Orange*, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake, Wils on*) Rhynchospora alba Northern White Beaksedge SR-P - S2 G5 MCS: fens, bogs, pocosin openings, limesink ponds (Alleghany, Ashe, Bladen, Brunswick, Craven*, Cumberland*, Dare, Mitchell, Pender*, Rutherford, Tynrell*, Watauga) Rhynchospora breviseta Short-bristled Beaksedge SR-P - S2 G3G4 S: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Onslow, Pender) Rhynchospora crinipes Alabama Beaksedge E FSC S1 Gl S: seepy banks of blackwater rivers (Hoke, Moore) Rhynchospora decurrens Swamp Forest Beaksedge SR-P FSC SI G3G4 C: swamp forests (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow) Rhynchospora divergens White-seeded Beaksedge SR-P - Si G4 C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender) Rhynchospora globularis varpinerorum Small's Beaksedge SR-T Sl G5?T3? C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow, Pender) Rhynchospora harperi Harper's Beaksedge SR-P - SI G4? C: limesink ponds and cypress savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow) Rhynchospora macra Southern White B eaksedge E - Sl G3 S: seepage bogs (Carteret, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Rhynchospora odorata Fragrant Beaksedge SR-P - Si G4 T: maritime wet grasslands (Brunswick*, Carterel, Hyde, Pender*) Rhynchospora oligantha Feather-bristle Beaksedge SR-P S2S3 G4 CSP: savannas, seep age bogs (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Onslow, Pender, Richmond) Rhynchosporapleiantha Coastal Beaksedge SR-T FSC S2 G2 C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow) Rhynchospora scirpoides Long-beak Baldsedge SR-O S2 G4 C: beaver ponds, limesink ponds, wet savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover, Onslow, Richmond, Tyrre 11*) Rhynchospora thornei Thome's Beaksedge E FSC S2 G3 C: wet savann as (Brunswick, Onslow, Pender) Rhynchospora tracy, Tracy's Beaksedge SR-P - S2 G4

36 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global C: clay-based Carolina bays, liimsink ponds (Brunswick, New Hanover, Onslow, Scotland) Robinia hartwegii Hartwig's Locust SR-L - Sl G3TI M: high elevation granitic domes (Jackson, Macon, Mitchell *) Robinia hispida varfertilis Fruitful Locust SR-O - Si G4TIQ M: acidic cove forests, northern hardwoods forests, high elevation granitic domes (Alleghany*, Avery, Burke*, Graham*, Jackson*, McDowell *) Robinia hispida var kelseyi Kelsey's Locust SR-O - Si G4TI M: high elevation red oak forests, dry rocky woods (Buncombe*, Burke *, Haywood*, Henderson*, Madison*, Transylvania*) Rubus idaeusssp strigosus Red Raspberry SR-P - S2? G5T5 M: high elevation spruce-fir forests and openings (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Swain *, Yancey) Rudbeckia heliopsidis Sun-facing Coneflower E FSC SHI G2 C: moist pine flatwoods and woodland borders (Harnett*, Moo re*) Rudbechia trilobavarpinnatiloba Pinnate-lobed Black-eyed Susan SR-T FSC SI G4G5T2? M: mafic cliffs (Buncombe) Ruellia ciliosa Sandhills Wild-petunia SR-P - SI G3G4Q S: sandhills, especially in loamy, submesic swales (Cumberland, Hoke, Richmond, Scotland) Ruellia humilis Low Wild-petunia T - Sl G5 P: diabase glades (Durham, Granville, Wake) Ruellia purshiana Pursh's Wild-petunia SR-O - S2 G3? PM: glades and woodlands, mostly over mafic or calcareous rocks (Durham*, Forsyth*, Granville, Madison, Montgomery, Orange*, Randolph*, Rutherford*, Wake) Ruellia strepens Limestone Wild-petunia SR-P - Si G4G5 C: low woods over marl (Pender) Rugelia nudicaulis Rugel's Ragwort T FSC S3 G3 M: spruce-fir forests (Haywood, Sevier, TN, Swain) Sabalpalmetto Cabbage Palm SR-P - Si G5 TC: maritime forests on the southeastern coast (Brunswick, Carteret*) Sabatiakennedyana Plymouth Gentian T-SC - Sl G3 C: drawdown zones on banks of blackwater rivers (Brunswick, Columbus) Sageretia minuttflora Small-flowered Buckthorn SR-P - Si G4 C: shell middens (Carteret, Onslow, Pender) Sagittariafasciculata Bunched Arrowhead E E Sl GI M: bogs and mountain swvamp forests (Buncombe*, Henderson)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 37 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sagittariagramineavar chapmanii Chapman's Arrowhead SR-P SI G5T3? C: limesink ponds (Bladen, Carteret, Onslow) Sagittariagramineavar weatherbiana Grassleaf Arrowhead SR-T FSC S2 G5T2 C: fresh to slightly brackish marshes, streams, swamps, and pond margins (Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Columbus, Craven, Cunrituck*, Duplin, Gates*, Hyde*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pasquotank*, Pender, Pitt*, Sampson*, Wake*) Sagittariaisoetiformis Quillwort Arrowhead SR-P - S1 G4? CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, beaver ponds, natural lakes (Brunswidc*, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover, Sampson, Scotland) Sagittariastagnorum Water Arrowhead SR-P - SI G4G5 C: blackwater streams, rivers, and lakes (Columbus*, Craven*, Pender*, Wilson*) Salvia azurea Azure Sage SR-P - SI G4G5 SC: s andh ills (Hoke*, New Hanover*, Richmond, Scotland*) Sarraceniajonesii Mountain Sweet Pitcher Plant E-SC E Si G3TI M: bogs (Buncombe*, Henderson, Transylvania) Sarraceniaminor Hooded Pitcher Plant SR-P Sl G4 C: savannas (Brunswick, Columbus) Sarraceniaoreophila  : Green Pitcher Plant E-SC E Si G2 M: seepage bogs (Clay). Saxifraga caroliniana - Carolina Saxifrage SR-T FSC S2 G2 M: high to middle elevation moist cliffs and rock outcrops (Al legh any*, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Cleveland, Graham, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Rutherford, Watauga, Yancey*) Saxifragapensylvanica Swamp Saxifrage SR-P - Si G5 MV: bogs, seeps (Wake, Watauga) Schisandraglabra Magnolia Vine T-SC - Sl G3 C: rich slopes and fbodplain islands (Gaston, Martin) Schoenoplectus acutus Hardstem Bulrush SR-P - SH G5 C: natural lakes (Carteret+, Craven*, Dare *, Hyde*) Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Canby's Bulrush SR-P - S3 G3G4 CS: blackwatercreeks (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Hamett*, Hoke, Hyde*, Johnston*, Moore, Onslow, Pender*, Randolph*, Richnrnd, Scotland, Wayne*) Schoenoplectus subterminalis Swaying Bulrush SR-P - S3 G4G5 S: blackwater creeks (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Schwalbea americana Chaffseed E E S1 G2 SC: savannas and moist to dryish pinelands with frequent fire (Bladen*,

38 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Pender*, Scotland) Scirpusflaccidifolius Reclining Bulrush SR-L FSC 'Si G2 C: swamp forests (Northampton) Scirpus lineatus Drooping Bulrush SR-P - S2 G4 C: low rich woods over marl (Brunswick, Craven, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Penda) Scirpuspendulus Rufous Bulrush SR-O - Si G5 P: wet places over mafic rocks (Carteret, Durham*, Granville, Onslow) Scleria baldwinii Baldwin's Nutrush SR-P - Si G4 C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Caiteret, Columbus, Pender) Scleriageorgiana Georgia Nutrush SR-P - S2 G4 CS: savannas (Brunswick, Cartere, Columbus, Craven, Hoke, Marlboro, SC, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Scleriareticularis Netted Nutrush SR-O - S2 G4 CS: clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds (Brunswick, Cumberland, Hoke, Marlboro, SC, New Hanover, Onslow, Sampson, Scotland) Scleriasp I Smooth-seeded Hairy Nutrush SR-L FSC Si Gl C: pine savannas over limestone, diabase glades Scleria verticillata Savanna Nutrush SR-P - Si G5 TC: savannas over coquina limestone, intemnediate swales (Brunswick*, Carteret, Columbus, Dare*, Onslow, Pender) Scutellariaarguta Appalachian Skullcap SR-T - SH G2?Q . M: rocky forests, boulderfields Scutellariaaustralis Southern Skullcap SR-P - SI G?Q PS: alluvial forests (Granville, Johnston*, Lee*, Orange*, Richmond *) Scutellariagalericulata Hooded Skullcap SR-P - SH G5 M: habitat not known Scutellaria leonardii Shale-barren Skullcap SR-P - Sl G4Q P: diabase glades (Durham, Granville, Moore, Orange) Scutellarianervosa Veined Skullcap SR-P - Si G5 P: alluvial forests (Chatham*j Durham*, Granville, Jackson*, Northampton*, Wake*, Warren*) Scutellariasaxatilis Rock Skullcap SR-T - Si G3 MP; northern hardwoods forests, rocky woodlands (Ashe, Burke, McDowell, Mitchell, Rutherford, Watauga*) Sebastianiafruticosa Sebastian-bush SR-T - Si G5 C: swamp forests Sedum glaucophyllum Cliff Stonecrop SR-P - S2 G4 PM: rock outcrops, mainly calcareous or mafic (Jackson, Macon, Rockingham, Stokes)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 39 Scientific Name Common Name ,Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sedum pusillum Puck's Orpine E Si I G3 P: granite flatrocks (Anson) Sedum rosea - Roseroot E Si G5 M: high elevation rocky summits (Ashe.*, Avery*, Miichell) Senecio plattensis Prairie Ragwort SR-P Si G5 M: mafic and calcareous rock outcrops and cliffs (Ashe, Clay, Madison) Senecio schweinitzianus Schweinitz's Ragwort E - S2 G5? M: grassy balds (Avery, Buncombe, Mitche ll, Watauga, Yancey) Sesuvium maritimum Slender Sea-purslane SR-O - Sl G5 T: seabeaches, marshes. Sesuvium portulacastrum Shoreline Sea-purslane SR-P - Sl G5 T: seabeaches Seymeriapectinata Sticky Afzlia SR-P - SH G4G5 C: di sturbed h abit ats (Brun swick*) Shortia galacifoliavar brevistyla Northern Oconee Bells E-SC FSC Si G2TIQ M: streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in humid gorges (McDowell) Shortia galacifoliavar galacifolia Southern Oconee Bells E-SC FSC S2 G2T2 M: streambanks, slopes, and outcrops in humid gorges (Jackson*, Swain*, Transylvania) Sida elliottii Elliott's Fan-petal SR-P - Si G4G5 C: stream banks, sandy woodlands (Iredell) Sideroxylon tenax Tough Bumelia SR-P - SI G3? T: maritime forests and scrub (Brunswick, New Hanover*) Silene ovata Mountain Catchfly SR-T FSC S3 G2G3 M: rich slopes, cove forests, montane oak-hickory forests (Buncombe, Cherokee, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon*, Madison, Rutherford*, Swain*, Yancey) Silphium connatum Virginia Cup-plant SR-T - SI G3?Q P: floodplains, rich alluvial woods (Alleghany*, Iredell, Rockingham, Stokes) Silphium perfoliatum Northern Cup-plant : SR-P - Si G5 PM: floodplains (Alleghany*, Ashe, Cabarnus, Forsyth, Ire dell *, Mecklenburg, Stokes*, Surry) Silphium terebinthinaceum Prairie Dock SR-P - S2 G4G5 P: diabase glades, other open or semi-open sites over mafic rock (Cabarrus, Davie, Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg, Wake*) Sisyrinchium dichotomum White Irisette E E S2 G2 M: thin woods, especially over amphibolite, in the escarpment region (Greenville, SC, Henderson, Polk, Rutherford) Smilax hugeri Huger's Carrion-flower SR-P - S2 G4 MP: deciduous forests (Cumberland, Richmond) Smilax lasioneura a carrion-flower SR-P - SH G5

40 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF. NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: oak-hickory lbrests over mafic rocks (Guilford*, Polk*) Solanum pseudogracile Graceful Nightshade SR-T - Si G? T: dunes Solidago leavenworthii Leavenworth's Goldenrod SR-P - SI G3G4 C: savannas, pocosin borders, clay-based Camlina bays, peaty seeps (Carteret*, Columbus, Robeson, Scotland *) Solidago plumosa Yadkin River Goldenrod E FSC Si Gl P: riverside rocks (Montgomery, Stanly) Solidagoptarmicoides Prairie Goldenrod E - Si G5 P: diabase glades (Granville, Rowan*) Solidago pulchra Carolina Goldenrod SR-L S3 G3 C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Cumberland, Jones, On slow, Pender) Solidago radula Western Rough Goldenrod SR-P - SI G5? P: dry woodlands over mafic rocks (Stanly, Wake) Solidago rigidassp glabrata Southeastern Bold Goldenrod SR-P - S2 G5T4 P: diabase glades, other open sites over mafic rock (Cabarrus, Durham, Granville, Mecklenburg*, Person*, Rockingham) Solidago rigidassp rigida Prairie Bold Goldenrod SR-P - SI G5T5 M: forest openings, presumably on mafic or calcareous rocks (Haywood*, Macon, Madison*) Solidago simulans Granite Dome Goldenrod SR-L FSC SI Gl M: High and low elevation granitic domes south of the Asheville Basin (Jackson, Macon, Rutherford) Solidago spithamaea Blue Ridge Goldenrod SR-P T Sl GI M: high elevation rocky summits (Avery, Mitchell) Solidago squarrosa Squarrose Goldenrod SR-P - Sl G4? M: moist forests at high elevations Solidago tortifolia Twisted-leafGoldenrod . SR-P - SI G4G5 CS: dry savannas and sandhills (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Hoke, Jones*, New Hanover*, Robesonn*, Scotland*) Solidago uliginosa Bog Goldenrod SR - SIS2 G4G5 MSP: bogs, seeps (Ashe, Clay*, Haywood, Macon, Madison*, Moore*, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey*) Solidago verna Spring-flowering Goldenrod T FSC S3 G3 CS: mesic to mnist pinelands, pocosin ecotones (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston, Jones, Moore, New Hanover, Onsl ow, Pamlico, Pender, Richrmnd, Sampson, Scotland) Solidago villosicarpa Coastal Goldenrod E FSC Sl Gl C: edge of coastal fringe evergreen forest (Bnmswick*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 41 Scientipfc Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sparganiumchlorocarpum Greenfruit Bur-reed SR-P - Si GS M: pondshores (Avery*, Watauga) Spartinapectinata Freshwater Cordgrass SR-P - Si GS MCS: freshwater marshes, spray zones of waterfalls, other moist sites (Alleghany, Ashe*, Chowan+, Mitchell+, Montgomery*, Transylvania) Spigelia marilandica Pink Root SR-P - Si G4 M: open woods Spiraea betulifolia ssp corymbosa Shinyleaf Meadowsweet SR-O - SI G4G5T4? P: open woods, thin soil over rock (Alexander, Catawba, Stokes) Spiraeavirginiana Virginia Spiraea E T Si G2 M: riverbanks (Ashe, Buncombe*, Graham, Macon, Mitchell, Swairv, Unicoi, TN, Yancey) Spiranthesbrevilabris varfloridana Florida Ladies'-tresses SR-P - SX G3G4T? C: moist sites (Pender*) Spirantheslacera var lacera Northern Slender Ladies'-tresses SR-D - SH G5T5 M: mountain balds (Clay*) Spirantheslaciniata Lace-lip Ladies'-tresses SR-P - Si G4G5 C: mo ist wet habitats (B eaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick Carteret, Columbus, New Hanover, Onslow) Spirantheslongilabris Giant Spiral Orchid SR-T - Si G3 C: savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow, Pender) Spirantheslucida Shining Ladies-tresses SR-O - 1S GS M: seepage over amphibolite (Alleghany) Spiranthesochroleuca Yellow Ladies'-tresses SR-P - SH- G4 M: grassy balds, meadows, wooded slopes (Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed E - Sl GS M: olivine barrens (Gay, Jackson) Sporobolus teretifolius sesu stricto Wireleaf Dropseed T FSC Si G2? C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus) Sporobolus virginicus Saltmarsh Dropseed SR-P - SH G5 T: brackish marshes (Brun swick) Stachys clingmanii Clingman's Hedg-nettlei SR-T - SH G2Q M: spruce-fir forests, northern hardwoods forests (Haywood *, Jackson*, Swain*, Transylvania*) Stachys eplingii Epling's Hedge-nettle SR-T - SH G5 M: bogs (Burke+, Henderson*, Jackson*) Stachys nuttallii Heartleaf Hedge-nettte SR-P - Si GS? MS: bogs (Madison) Stachys sp I A Hedge-nettle SR-T - Si G? P: sandy edges offorested floodplains (Montgomery) Stellaria alsine Longstalk Starvort SR-P - SH G5 M: seeps (Madison*, Polk*) Stenanthium robustum Bog Featherbells SR-P - Si G?Q M: bogs and wet meadows (Alleghany, Ashe) Stewartia ovata Mountain Camellia SR-P - S2 G4

42 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientifc Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global MP: bluffs and forests, usually with rhododendrons Streptopus amplexifolius White Mandarin SR-P - SI G5 M: spruce-fir foiests, northern hardwoods forests (Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Macon*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Yancey) Stylisma aquatica Water Dawnflower SR-P Si G4 C: clay-based Carolina bays, moist sandy pinelands (Brunswick, Marlboro, SC, Moore, Robeson, Scotland) Stylisma pickeringi varpickeringii Pickering's Dawnflower E FSC S3 G4T3 SC: sandhills.(Bladen, Qimberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover, Richmond, Scotland) Symphotrichum oblongifolius Aromatic Aster SR-P - Si G5 M: thin soils around limestone outcrops (Madison) Symphyotrichum georgianum Georgia Aster T C S2 G2G3 P: open woods and roadsides (Davidson, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Randolph, Rowan, Stanly*, Union) Symphyotrichum laeve var concinnum Narrow-leaf Aster SR-P - S2 G5T4 P: forests, woodland borders especially over mafic rocks (Alamance*, Durham, Granville, Stan ly, Union, Wake*) Symphyotrichum laeve var laeve Smooth Blue Aster SR-P - SH G5T5 P: forests, woodland borders especially over mafic rocks (Polk*) Symphyotrichum parvicqes Glade Aster E - Si G4? P: diabase glades (Granville) Symphyotrichum shortii Short's Aster SR-P - SH G4G5 M: bluffs and rockybanks (Burke*, Transylvania*) Symphyotrichum sp 1 Buck Creek Aster SR-L FSC Sl Gl Synandra hispidula Synandra SR-T - SH G4 M: rich cove forests (Swain*) Talinum mengesii Large-flowered Fameflower E - Si G3 P: shallow soil over felsic rock, where periodically wet by seepage (Granville) Taxus canadensis Canada Yew SR-P - S1 G5 M: bogs, swamp forests under spruce (Ashe*, Watauga) Thalictrum cooleyi Cooley's Meado~wue E E S2 G2 C: wet savannas (Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover+, Onslow, Pender) Thalictrum macrostylum Small-leaved Meadowrue SR-L S2 G3G4 CSPM: bogs and wet woods Thaspium pinnatifidum Mountain Thaspium SR-T FSC Si G2G3 M: calcareous slopes (Jacks on*, Madison, Swain*) Thelypteris simulata Bog Fern T - St G4G5 M: bogs (Allegh any, Avery)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 43 Scientific Name Common Name - Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Thermopsisfraxinifolia Ash-leaved Golden-banner SR-T - S2? G4?T3? MP: dry ridges (Buncombe, Burke, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon, McDowell*, Polk, Stokes*, Suny*, Transylvania, Yancey*) Thermopsis mollis sensu stricto Appalachian Golden-banner SR-P - S2 G3G4Q PM: dry ridges and open woodlands (Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Chatham*, Columbus*, Durham*, Forsyth*, Franklin*, Gaston, Granville, Guilford*, Henderson*, Ir edel 1*, Lincoln*, McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Orange*, Polk, Rutherford, S tokes*, S urry, Transylvania*, Vance*, Wake, Warren) Tofieldia glutinosa Sticky Bog Asphodel SR-P - Si G5 MP: bogs, seepages (Ashe, Caldwell*, Haywood, Henderson+, Jackson, Transylvania) Torreyochloa pallida Pale Mannagrass SR-P - Si G5? CM: blackwater pools, old millponds, and small stream swamps (Avery+, Columbus*, Currituck, Duplin*, Gates*) Tradescantiavirginiana Virginia Spiderwort SR-P - Si G5 P: rich woods on circumneutral soils (Harnett, Montgomery, Moore, Rockingham, Surry, Wake) Trichomanes boschianum Appalachian Filmy-fern T - Si G4 M: spray zone ofwaterfalls, seeps over rock (Jackson, Macon, Polk*) Trichomanespetersti Dwarf Filmy-fern T - Si G4G5 M: moist rocks in humid gorges (Graham*, Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Trichophorum cespitosum Deerhair Bulrush SR-D - S2S3 G5 M: high elevation rocky summits, moist cliffs (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell+, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Mitchell, Rutherford, Transylvania, Yancey+) Trichostema brachiatum Glade Bluecurls SR-P - Si G4G5 PM: diabase glades, other dry calcareous or mafic outcrops (Granville, Madison, Orange*, Rockingham, Yancey*) Trichostema sp I Dune Bluecurls SR-L FSC S2 G2 T: dunes, openings in maritime forest and scrub (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover) Tridens ambiguus Pineland Triodia SR-P - S1 G4 C: clay-based Carolina bays (Marlboro, SC, Scotland) Tridens carolinianus Carolina Triodia SR-T S3 G3 S: sandhills and pine flatwoods (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Hamett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Tridens chapmanii Chapman's Redtop SR-P - Si? G3

44 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global C: dry pine and oak woods, sandy roadsides Tridens strictus Spike Triodia SR-P - SH G5 C: pine flatwoods (Duplin*, Hoke+, Pender*, Robeson*) Trientalis borealis Starflower SR-P - Si G5 M: coves, northern hardwood forest (Cherokee, Graham, Haywood) Trifolium carolinianum Carolina Clover SR-O - SH G5 C: savannas, sandy open areas (Duplin*, New Hanover*, Onslow*) Trillium discolor Mottled Trillium T - SI G3 M: rich coves in the Savannah River drainage (Jackson, Transylvania) Trilliumflexipes Bent White Trillium SR-P - SH G5 M: rich coves (Hendersonn*, Swain*) Trillium pusillum var I Alabama Least Trillium E FSC SI G3T2Q M: rich cove forests (Clay, Haywood*) Trillium pusillum varpusillum Carolina Least Trillium E FSC SI G3T2 CP: ecotones between savannas and nonriverine wet hardwood forests, over marl (Halifax, Johnston, Nash, Pender, Wake). Trillium pusillum var virginianum Virginia Least Trillium E FSC Si G3T2 C: mesic to swampy hardwood forests (Camden, Currituck, Gates) Trillium recurvatum Prairie Trillium SR-P - S1 G5 M: rich coves Trillium sessile Sessile-flowered Trillium SR-P - S1 G4G5 C: rich alluvial levees and slopes (Halifax, Northampton) Trillium simile Sweet White Trillium SR-L - S2 G3 MP: rich coves (Burke, Cherokee, Haywood*, Henderson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Polk, Rutherford, Swains) Trisetum spicatum Soft Trisetum E - SX G5 M: grassy balds and/or high elevation rocky summits (Mitchell*) Urticachamaedryoides Dwarf Stinging Nettle SR-P - S1 G4G5 C: rich alluvial levees (Bertie, Halifax, Northampton) Utriculariacornuta Homed Bladderwort SR-P - SI G5 CM: bogs, limesink ponds Utriculariafloridana Florida Bladderwort SR-T - SH - G3G5 C: natural lakes (Wayne*) Utriculariageminiscapa Two-flowered Bladderwort SR-P - SI G4G5 - SC: seepage areas on Suffolk Scarp, beaver ponds (Beaufrt*, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Pender) Utricilariamacrorhiza Greater Bladderwort SR-O - Si G5 C: pools and ponds Utriculariaminor Small Bladderwort SR-D - SH G5 M: bogs (Watauga") Utriculariaolivacea Dwarf Bladderwort T - S2 G4 C: limesink ponds, beaver ponds (Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 45 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Utriculariaresupinata Northeastern Bladderwort SR-O - Si G4 C: natural lakes (Columbus, Washington*) Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry SR-P S2 G4 MC: bogs, seeps, pocosins (Alleghany, Ashe*, Avery, Bladen+, Brunswick, Burke, Cumberland, Currituck*, Dare, Haywood, Hyde, Tyrrell, Watauga) Vaccinium virgatum Small-flowerBlueberry SR-P - Sl G4 S: pocosins, blackwater swamps, mesic pine flatwoods, sandhill seeps Verbena riparia Riverbank Vervain SR-T FSC SU GUGHQ P: habitat not known (Caldwell*, Stanly+) Verbesina walteri Walter's Crownbeard SR-T - SH G3? M: rich cove forests (Polk*) Veronica americana American Speedwell SR-P - S2 G5 MC: seeps, bogs (Alleghany, Ashe*, Avery, Craven*, Madison, Mitchell*, Watauga, Yancey*) Viola appalachiensis Appalachian Violet SR-T - S2 G3 M: olivine barrens and alluvial forests (Clay, Macon) Viola walteri Prostrate Blue Violet SR-T - SIS2 G4G5 MP: rich cove forests and other rich forests Waldsteinia lobata Lobed Barren-strawberry SR-T FSC Si G2 M: streambanks and ravines (Jackson*, Transylvania) Warea cuneifolia Carolina Pineland-cress SR-P - Sl G4 S: sandhills (Harnett*, Hoke) Woodsia appalachiana Appalachian CliffFern SR-P - S .G4 M: cliffs, rock outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe*, Buncombe*, Burke, McDowell, Polk, Surry, Wilkes+) Woodsia ilvensis Rusty Cliff Fern SR-P - Si G5 M: cliffs, rock outcrops (Alleghany, Ashe, SuTry) Xyris brevifolia Shorleaf Yellow-eyed-grass . SR-P - S2 G4G5 C: savannas, other low wet areas (Bladen, Brunswick Carteret, Columbus+, Onslow,Pender) Xyris chapmanii Chapman's Yellow-eyed-grass SR-T - S2 G3 S: mucky sandhill seeps (Cumberlnd, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Xyris difformis varfloridana Florida Yellow-eyed-grass SR-P - SI G5T4T5 C: savannas (Onslow, Robeson*) Xyris scabrifolia Roughleaf Yellow-eyed-grass SR-T FSC S2 G3 S: sandhill seeps and bogs (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Xyris serotina Acid-swamp Yellow-eyed-grass SR-P - Si G3G4 C: savannas (Pender) Xyris stricta a yellow-eyed grass SR-P - Si G3G4 C: savannas (Brunswick, Carteret) Yucca gloriosa Moundlily Yucca SR-P - S2? G4? T: dunes (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender)

46 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Zephyranthes simpsonhi Rain Lily SR-L FSC SI G2G3 C: roadsides, calcareous coastal fringe forest (Brunswick) Zigadenus elegans ssp glaucus White Camas SR-P Si GST4T5 M: calcareous rock outcrops (Buncombe*, McDowell, Yancey*) Zigadenus leimanthoides Pinebarren Death-camus SR-O - SI G4Q M: high elevation rocky summits, thin soil at high elevations (Ashe*, Avery, Burke, Yancey*) Mosses Bartramidulawilsonil Dwarf Apple Moss SR-D - Si G4? M: in spray zones of waterfalls, moist rocks in humid gorges (Jackson, Macon*, Rutherford*, Transylvania) Brachydontium trichodes Peak Moss SR-D - SI G2G4 M: on moist rocks in spruce-fir forests (Mitchell, Swain*) Brachymenium andersonii Anderson's Melon-moss SR-L FSC SH GH M: on humus in acidic cove forests - mixed hardwood-hemlock (Macon*) Brachymenium syst~iium Mexican Melon-moss SR-D S G5 M: on humus in acidic cove forests mixed hardwood-hemlock (Macon*) Brachythecium populeum Matted Feather Moss SR-P SH G5 M: mountain forests (Avery*) Brachythecium rotaeanum Rota's Feather Moss SR-D Si G3G4 M: on bark or rock in cove forests (Jackson*, Martin*, McDowell*) Bryocrumia vivicolor Gorge Moss E FSC SH GIG2 M: rocks and streantbanks in humid gorges, spray zones of watetfalls (Jackson *,Transylvania*) Bryoerythrophyllumferruginascens a moss SR-D - Sl G3G4 M: on moist rocks or so il at high elevations (Jackson) Bryoerythrophyllum inaequalifolium a moss SR-D - Sl G4? M: on thin soil over shale (McD owel 1) Bryoxiphium norvegicum Sword Moss SR-O - SI G5? M: rocks in humid gorges, spray zones of waterfalls (Jackson, Macon, McDowell *) Bryum riparium Riverside Bryum SR-D - SH G2G4 M: spray zones ofwaterfalls (Transylvania*) Buxbaumia aphylla Bug-on-a-stick SR-O - SH G4GS M: forests, roadside banks (Haywood*) Buxbaumia minakatae Hump-backed Elves SR-T - SH G2G3 M: on rotten logs and stumps in mountain forests Campyliumqstellatum Yellow Starry Fen Moss SR-D - Sl G5 M: fens (Ashe) Campylopus atrovirens var cucullatifolius Cliff Campylopus SR-D - St. G4?T4 M: cliffs, high elevation rocky summits (Ashe*, Haywood*, Jack son*, Macon*, Transylvania*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 47 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Campylopus carolinae Savanna Campyiopus SR-T FSC Si GIG2 C: savannas, sandhi lls (Brunswick, Carteret, Scotland) Campylopus oerstedianus Oersted's Canpylopus SR-D - Si GIG3 P: granite flatrocks (Wake*) Campylopus paradoxus Paradoxical Campylopus SR-D S1 GS M: high elevation rock outcrops (Avery*) Cirriphyllumpiliferum a moss SR-P Si GS M: moist rocks, wet by seepage or waterfall spray (Alleghany*, Jackson*, McDowell*, Swain*, Transylvania) Coscinodon cribrosus Copper Grimmia SR-T SI G3G4 M: high elevation rocky summits (Alleghany*) Dichodontium pellucidum a moss SR-P S2 G4G5 M: seepage or spray zones of waterfalls on imfic or calcareous rocks (Ashe*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, McDowell*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Transylvania*) Dicranum undulatum Bog Broom-moss SR-D - Si GS M: bogs, seeps (Avery*, Buncombe*, Burke*, Haywood*, Yancey*) Ditrichum ambiguum Ambiguous Ditridcum SR-P - SI G4? M: acidic cove forests (Macon) Encalypta procera Extinguisher Moss SR-D - SI G4G5 M: on moist calcareous rocks (Macon*, McDowell *) Entodon compressus Flattened Entodon SR-P - Si G4 MP: on moist calcareous rocks (Macon*, McDowell*, Person*, Rockingham*) Entodon concinnus Lime Entodon SR-P - SI G4G5 M: on moist calcareous rocks (McDowell*) Entodon sullivantii Sullivant's Entodon SR-O - S2 G3G4 M: on rocks or bark in humid gorges and cove forests (Buncombe+, Cald well *, Graham*, Macon*, McDowell*, Polk*, Transylvania) Eucladium verticillatum Lime-seep Eudadium SR-O - S1 G4 M: on moist calcareous rocks (McDowell*) Fissidens haWl Hall's Pocket Moss SR-T - Si G2 C: on bark in cypress-gum swamps (Jon es*) Homalia trichomanoides Lime Homalia SR-P - Si GS M: in spray zones ofwaterfalls, on rocks in humid gorges (Avery, Jackson*, Macon*, McDowell*, Transylvania) Homaliadelphussharpii Sharp's Homaliaddlphus SR-P - Sl G3? M: on dry mafic or calcareous rocks in gorges (Jackson*) Hygrohypnum closteri Closter's Brook-hypnum SR-T - Si G3 MP: on rocks submersed in streams (McDowell*, Orange*, Polk*, Swain*) Leptodontium excelsum Grandfather Mountain Leptodontium SR-L - Sl G2

I 48 . NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: on bark of Fraser Firs and Red Spru ces i n spruce- fir fo rests (Ave ry*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Swain*, Transylvania*) Leptodontiumflexifollum Pale-margined Leptodontium SR-D Si G5 M: high elevation rocky summits and moist calcareous rocks (Ashe*, Avery*, Haywood*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Yancey*) Leptohymenium sharpii Mount Leconte Moss SR-L Sl Gl M: moist rocks in spruce-fir forests (Haywood*, Yancey*) Lindbergiabrachyptera Lindberg's Maple-moss SR-P Si G5 M: bark of hardwoods (Ashe*, Cherokee *) Macrocoma sullivantii Sullivant's Maned-moss SR-D - S2 G3G5 MP: bark of cedar or hardwoods (Clay*, Jackson, Macon, Swain, Transylvania, Wilkes*) Orthodontiumpellucens Translucent Orthodontium SR-O - SI G4 MP: moist felsic or calcareous rocks (Sto kes*, Swain*) Orthotrichumkeeverae Keever's Bristle-moss E - S2 G2 P: on trees around low elevation granitic domes (Alexander, All eghany, Wilkes) Orthotrichumobtusifolium Blunt Bristle-moss SR-P - S G5 M: bark of hardwoods (Ashe*) Palamocladiumleskeoides Palamocladium SR-D - Si G3G5 M: calcareous rocks in humid gorges (Jackson *) Plagiomniumcarolinianum Carolina Star-moss (=Carolina Mnium) SR-L S2 G3 M: rocks and streanbanks in humid gorges (Jackson*, Macon*, Swain*, Transylvania) Platydictya confervoides Alga-like Matted-moss SR-P - Si G4G5 M: calcareous rocks (Madison*, McDowell*) Platyhypnidium pringlei Pringle's Eurhynchium SR-D - SI G2G3 M: rocks and streanrbanks in humid gorges, sprayzones of waterfalls (Polk*, Transylvania) Rhabdoweisia crenulata Himalayan Ribbed-weissia SR-D - Si G3G4 M: moist rocks in aove forests in humid gorges (Jackson, McDowell) Rhachithecium perpusillum Budding Tortula SR-D - SIS2 G4G5 PM: bark of hardwoods (Cleveland*, Iredell*, McDowell*, Mecklenburg*, Surry*, Wilkes*) Rhytidium rugosum Golden Tundra-moss SR-P - S2 G5 M: high elevation, rocky summits, grassy balds, glades, over mafic rocks (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Caldwell, Johnson, TN, Mitchell, Watauga, Yanc ey*) Schlotheimia lancifolia Highlands Moss Si G2 M: on bark of hardwoods in cove forests (Graham*, Jackson*, Macon, Transylvania*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 49 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Scopelophila cataractae Agoyan Cataract Moss SR-D - Si G3 MP: copper-rich soils (Jackson, McDowell*, Rowan) Scopelophila ligulata Copper Moss SR-O - Si G5? M: copper-rich soils and rock-faces (Clay*, Jackson*, McDowell*, Swain*, Transylvania*) Sphagnum angustifolium Narrowleaf Peatmoss SR-D - Si G5 M: bogs (Jackson, Transylvania, Watauga) Sphagnum capillifolium Northern Peatmoss SR-P - Sl G5 M: bogs, heath bald (Ashe+, Avery*, Jackson*, Watauga+) Sphagnum contortum a peatmoss SR-D - Si G5 M: bogs (Ashe) Sphagnum fallax Pretty Peatmoss SR-P - S2 G5 M: bogs (Avery, Burke, Jackson) Sphagnum fitzgeraldii Fitzgerald's Peatmoss SR-T - S2S3 G2G3 C: pocosins and savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Onslow) Sphagnumflavicomans Peatmoss SR-T - SH G3 M: spray cliff spruce-fir forest, or high elevation rocky summit (Macon*, Mitchell *) Sphagnumflexuosum Flexuous Peatmoss SR-P - Si G5 M: bogs (Watauga) Sphagnumfuscum Brown Peatmoss E - Si G5 M: bogs Sphagnum henryense Peatmoss SR-D - S2 G4? M: bogs (Alleghany4-, Jackson) Sphagnum pylaesii Simple Peatmoss SR-D - Si G4 M: seepage cliffs, natural pools (Burke*, Jackson*) Sphagnum russowii Russow's Peatmoss. SR-D - Si G5 M: bogs (Bertie) Sphagnum squarrosum Squarrose Peatmoss SR-P - Si G5 M: spray zones of waterfalls, seepage in spruce-fir forests (Macon*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Sphagnum subsecundum Orange Peatmoss SR-P - Si GS M: bogs and rock ledges (Ashe, Burke+, Haywood, Swain+, Watauga) Sphagnum tenellum Delicate Peatmoss SR-D - Si G5 M: high elevation granitic domes (Jackson *) Sphagnum torreyanum Giant Peatmoss SR-P - Si G3G4 C: beaver ponds and old nill ponds on blackwater creeks (Ham ett*, Richmond*) Sphagnum warnstorfii Fen Peatmoss SR-D - Si G5 M: bogs and fens (Watauga) Splachnum pennsylvanicum Southern Dung Moss SR-O - SH G4? M: bogs (Avery*, Macon*) Syrrhopodon incompletus Cuban Schliessmund SR-P - Si G5 T: on treetrunks in maritime forests (Brunswick*) Taxiphyllum alternans Japanese Yew-moss SR-O - Si G3? M: on limestone in spray zones of waterfalls (Macon*)

50 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF ITHE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Tortula ammonsiana Ammons's Tortula E Si GI M: shaded rock faces, probably with nutrient-rich seepag (Jackson) Tortulafragilis Fragile Tortula SR-D Si G5 M: shaded rock faces, probably with nutrient-rich seepage (Jackson*) Tortulapapillosa Papillose Tortula SR-P Sl G5 PM: bark of hardwoods(Davie*, Madi son*, Surry*) Warnstorfiafluitans Floating Sickle-moss SR-D - Si G5 M: in spray zones ofwaterfalls (Jackson *) Liverworts Acrobolbus ciliatus a liverwort SR-D Si G3? M: on moist rocks, in spray zones of waterfalls in humid gorges or in high elevation spruce-fir forests (Hayw ood *, Jackson *,Mac on*, Yancey*) Anastrophyllum saxicola a liverwort SR-D Sl . G3G4 M: high elevation rocky summits (Mitchell*) Aneura sharpii a liverwort SR-T - Si GIG2 MP: in spray zones ofwaterfalls (Durham*, Jackson*, Macon*, Swain) Anomylia cuneifolia a liverwort SR-D - S2 G4G5 M: on bark of Fraser Firs or on moist rock, in spruce-fir forests (Haywood*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Yancey*) Barbilophoziabarbata a liverwort SR-D - Si G4? M: on high elevation rocky summits (Ash e*, Wilkes*) Barbilophoziahatcheri a liverwort SR-D - Si G5 M: on high elevation rocky summits (Watauga*) Bazzania nudicaulis a liverwort SR-T - S2 G2G3 M: on bark of Fraser Fir or on shaded rock in spruce-fir forests (Avery*, Caldwell *, Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Cephaloziaconnivens var bifida a liverwort SR-T - Si G5TIQ C: moist riverbank Cephalozia macrostachya .sp australis a liverwort SR-T - S1 G4TI M: on moist rocks in humid gorges (Burke*, Macon*) Cephaloziapleniceps var caroliniana a liverwort SR-L - Sl G5TI M: edge of stream Cephaloziapleniceps var pleniceps a liverwort SR-D - SH G5T5 M: moist soil near a spring Cephaloziella hampeana a liverwort SR-D - Si G5 M: fens (Ashe*) Cephaloziellaspinicaulis a liverwort SR-P - Si G3G4 M: in crevices of high elevation rocky summits (Aleghany*, Ashe*, Macon) Cheilolejeuneaevansii a liverwort E - Si Gl M: on bark of hardwoods in humid gorges (Jackson, Transylvania*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 51 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Cheilolejeuneamyriantha a liverwort SR-P - SH G3G4 MC: on tree bark in sandhills or mountain forests (Sampson*, Transylvania*) Cheilolejeunea rigidula a liverwort SR-P - S2 G5 CT: on bark in maritime forests, and in blackwater swamp forests (Brunswick*, Columbus*, Hyde*) Chiloscyphus appalachianus a liverwort SR-T - Sl GIG2Q M on rock faces in spray zone of waterfalls (Burke, Jackson*, Macon*) Chiloscyphus muricatus a liverwort SR-D - Si G5 M: on rocks or bark in humid gorges (Burke, Jackson*, Macon*) Cylindrocolea rhizantha a liverwort SR-P - SH G3? C: on marl outcrops (Columbus*) Diplophyllum apiculatum var taxifolioides a liverwort SR-L Si GSTIQ M: moist soil or rocks Diplophyllum obtusatum a liverwort SR-D Si G2? M on rock outcrops Diplophyllum taxifolium var mucronatum a liverwort SR-L - Si G5TI M: high elevation rocky summits Drepanolejeuneaappalachiana a liverwort SR-L - Si G2? M: on moist rock, rhododendron bark, and rhododendron leaves in hunid gorges (Burke*, Clay*, Jackson, Macon, Transylvania*) Frullaniaappalachiana a liverwort SR-L - Si? Gl? M: on bark of hardwoods in spruce-fir forests Frullaniadonnellii a liverwort SR-T - SH G3? C: on bark of Ilex in marsh Lejeunea bermudiana a liverwort SR-P - SH G3G4 C: on marl outcrops or on decaying logs in blackwater swamps, or tree bases in swamps (Brunswick*, Cart eret *, Col umbu s*) Lejeunea blomquisti a liverwort SR-L - Si GIG2 M on dead tree bark or vertical rock faces in sprayzone of waterftfs (Macon*) Lejeunea cavifolia a liverwort SR-P - Si G5 M: on shaded maficrocks (Ashe*, Polk*) Lejeunea dimorphophylla a liverwort SR-L - Si G2G3 TC: on bark in maritime forests (Carteret*) Lejeunea glaucescens var acrogyna a liverwort SR-L - SH G5TH C: on shaded rock at the piedmont/coastal plain fall line (Harnett*) Lopholejeunea muelleriana a liverwort SR-D - SH G4G5 C: on bark of gums and cypresses in blackwater suanmp forests (Columbus*) Lophozia excisa a liverwort SR-D - Si G5 M: on high elevation rocky summits (Ashe*) Lophozia heterocolpos a liverwort SR-D - Si G5 M: on high elevation rocky summits

52 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Mannia californica a liverwort SR-T - SI G3? M: on mineral-rich, dry rock outcrops Marsupellaemarginatavar latiloba a liverwort SR-L - Sl GSTIT2 M: on moist rocks in humid gorges, spray zones of waterfalls, or high elevations Marsupellafunckla a liverwort SR-D - SI G4G5 M: on high elevation, sulphur-bearing rock Metzgeriafruticulosa a liverwort SR-T - SIS2 G2Q M: on bark at high elevations Mylia taylorii a liverwort SR-D - Si G5 M: moist rock outcrops at high elevations, spray zone of waterfalls (Avery, Jackson) Nardia scalarisssp scalaris a liverwort SR-D - Si G5T5 M: on high elevation rocky summits and on moist rocks in spruce-fir forests (Buncombe*, Haywood*) Plagiochasmaintermedium a liverwort SR-O - SI G3G5 M: on moist limestone Plagiochasmawrightii a liverwort SR-D - Si G3? M: on moist calcareous rocks Plagiochilaaustinii a liverwort SR-T - SIS2 G3 M: moist rocks (Avery, Jackson, Macon*, Watauga*) li Plagiochilacaduciloba a liverwort SR-T Si 02 M: rocks and strearrbanks in humid gorges, spray zone of waterfalls (Burke*, Clay*, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon*, Transylvania, Yancey*) Plagiochilacorniculata a liverwort SR-D - S2 G4? M: on bark of FraserFirs in spruce-fir forests, rarely on hardwoods (Avery, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Mitchell *, Swain*, Transylvania*, Yancey*) Plagiochiladubia a liverwort SR-P - SI G4G5 CP: on bark at bases oftrees in swamps Plagiochilaechinata a liverwort SR-L - Si G2Q M: rocks and streanbanks in humid gorges, spray zone of waterfalls (Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania*) Plagiochilaludoviciana a liverwort SR-P - Si G5 CM: on bark in coastal plain swamps, on bark or moist rock in mountain gorges (Brunswick*, Cherokee*, Transylvania*, Washington*) Plagiochilamiradorensisvar miradorensis a liverwort SR-P - SH G4?T4-T: on bark in manitime forests and swamps (Carteret*) Plagiochilasharpii a liverwort SR-L FSC S2 G2G3 M: damp rockfaces in humid gorges, high elevation rocky summits (Haywood*, Jackson*, Mac on*, Transylvania*, Yancey*) Plagiochilasullivantivar spinigera a liverwort. SR-L . FSC SII G2TI M: on moist rocks in spray zones of waterfalls (Burke*, Jackson*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 53 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Plagiochilasullivantit var sullivantii a liverwort SR-T FSC S2 G2T2 M: on moist rocks, in spray zones of waterfalls and in spruce-fir forests (Avery, Burke*, Caldwell*, Clay*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Yancey*) Plagiochilavirginicavar caroliniana a liverwort SR-T FSC SI G3T2 M: rockfaces in spray zone of waterfalls, other moist rockfaces (Avery*, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania*) Plagiochilavirginicavar virginica a liverwort SR-L SI G3T3 M: on limestone (McDowell*) Porellawalaugensis a liverwort SR-L FSC Sl GIG2Q M: on rocks in humid gorges (Burke*, Graham*, Macon*, Watauga*) Ptilidium ciliare a liverwort SR-D Sl - G5 M: on soil in high elevation forests Radula sullivantii a liverwort SR-L S2 G3 M: on moist rocks, mostly in spray zones of waterfalls Radula voluta a liverwort SR-D - SI G3 M: on moist rocks in spray zones of waterfalls (Macon*) Riccardiajugata a liverwort SR-L - Sl? GIG2 M: on fallen logs in humid areas, especially gorges Scapania mucronata a liverwort SR-D - SI G5 M: high elevation rocky summits Sphenolobopsis pearsonii a liverwort E FSC S2 G2? M: on bark of Fraser Firs in spruce-fir forests (Avery, Haywood*, Jackson*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Yancey*) Tritomariaexsectiformis ssp exsectformis a liverwort SR-D SH G5T5 M: on high elevation rocky summits (Ashe*) Hornworts Aspiromitus appalachianus a homnwort SR-L FSC St GI M: on rocks on streanbeds (Transylvani a*) Megaceros aenigmaticus a hornwort SR-L - S2S3 G2G3 M: on rocks in streams Lichens Anaptychia setlfera Hanging Fringe Lichen SR-D SI G3G4 M: high elevation rocky summits and exposed tree twigs on dry ridges (Mitchell) Anzia americana a black-foam lichen SR-T SI G2? M: on bark of trees in humid gorges (Transylvania*) Anzia ornata a black-foam lichen SR-T SH GIG3 C: on bark of deciduous trees where humidity is fairly high (Duplin*) Canoparmeliaamabilis Worthy Shield Lichen SR-T FSC SI GI M: on bark of trees in open woods or on sandstone in river gorges (Polk*) Cetrarfa arenaria Sand-loving Iceland Lichen - SR-P S2 G4

54 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: high elevation rocky summits, sandy soil, or thin soil over bedrock (Ashe, Avery, Watauga) Cetreliacetrarioides *Sea Storm Lichen SR-D - S2 G3 M: on trees and mossy rocks in forests with an open understory; may prefer old growth or verymature forests (Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Mitchell*, Sevier, TN*, Swain*, Yancey*) Cladoniapsoromica Bluff Mountain Reindeer Lichen SR-L FSC Sl GI M: rock outcrops and fens and glades over. amphibolite rock (Ashe) Ephebe americana a rockshag lichen SR-T Si G2G3 M: high elevation rocky summits (Caldwell*, Haywood*, Jackson*) Ephebe lanata Rockshag Lichen SR-D - Sl G5 MP: on rocks in rapidly flowing water and grottoes around mountain spray cliffs Ephebe solida a rockshag lichen SR-P SI G3G4 M: on rocks in rapidly flowing water and possibly moist grottoes around mountain spray cliffs Gymnoderma lineare Rock Gnome Lichen T E S2 G2 M: high elevation rock outcrops, outcrops in humid gorges (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Rutherford, Swain*, Transylvania, Yancey) Heterodermiaappalachensis Appalachian Fringe Lichen SR-O - SIS2 G2? MP: hardwood bark or rock faces, possibly associaed with old growth forests Hydrothyriavenosa Waterfan Lichen SR-P - S3 G3 MP: rocks and boulders in small streams (Avery, Buncombe, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Swain,. Transylvania) Hypotrachynasinuosa Green Loop Lichen SR-D - Si G5 M: on twigs or small branches in humid but open forests Hypotrachyna virginica Virginia Loop Lichen SR-T - SIS2 GIG2 M: on twigs or rocks in open forests at high elevations Lobariascrobiculata Textured Lungwvrt SR-P - S2? G3G4 M: on bark of hardwoods at high elevations (primarily spruce-fir zone) Melanelia stygia Alpine Camouflage Lichen SR-D .SIS2 G4G5 M: high elevation rocky summits (Avery, Bunconbe, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Yancey) Pannariaconoplea Mealy-rimmed Shingle Lichen SR-D Si G3G4 ' M: on bark at high elevations Physciapseudospeciosa a rosette lichen SR-T Si GIG2 M: mossy rocks in open woods and high elevation granitic and sandstone rock outcrops (Jackson)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 55 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Porpidiadiversa Boulder Lichen SR-T - SI G2G3 M: high elevation rocky summits Porpidiaherteliana Boulder Lichen SR-T - SI? G2G3 M: high elevation rocky summits Sticta limbata Powdered Moon Lichen SR-D - Sl G3G4 M: on bark and over mosses on trees and rocks Teloschistesflavicans Sunrise Lichen SR-P - Si G3G4 C: on branches of trees and shrubs or on the ground in open areas, especially near the coast (Brunswick, Carteret, Onslow) Usnea angulata Old Man's Beard SR-P - Si G4? M: on branches of Juniper on High Elevation Granitic Domes (Jackson, Macon, Swain*) Xanthoparmeliamonticola a rock-shield lichen SR-L - S2? G2? M: high elevation rocky summits (Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Mitchell*, Transylvania*) NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST The North Carolina Plant Watch List includes plant species which are rare or otherwise threatened with serious decline, but for which current information does not justify placement on the main list (E, T, or SR). Watch List species are additional indicators of significant habitats, and their presence should be considered in planning natural area protection efforts, though with less weight than higher priority rare species and natural communities. The NC NHP maintains paper files on these spec ies, but does not include them in its map and computer files. Plants placed on this list fall into a number of categories, discussed below. NC NHP requests additional information about these species, in order to clarify their status and reclassify them into other appropriate categories. Reasons for the current placement of rare species on the Watch List rather than at a higher rarity status (Endangered, Threatened, Candidate, or Significantly Rare) are variable . The taxonomic validity of some of these species is currently in doubt. For others, NC N HP lacks adequate documentation of their historic or present occurrence in North Carolina. Others are known to be rare in North Carolina, but it appears that they are not native to the state. For most species, however, their actual rarity is poorly known and we are requesting more data before such species receive a higher, and more formal, rarity status. A field survey form is provided in the back of this document. We request that people fill out this survey form and mail it to NC NHP after visiting occurrences of these species. The Watch List has been divided into seven categories as follows. A list of Potential "New-to-North Carolina" species is located after the Watch List. Watch Category 1 (Wi - rare, but relatively secure) includes rare species whose status in North Carolina is relatively well known and which appear to be relatively secure at this time. While still notably rare, these species do not currently require site-specific monitoring and so are not on the main list (E, T, C, or SR). Many of these species were formerly on the main list; they are retained in this category because they require a lower level of continued monitoring to ensure their long-term security. Watch Category 2 (W2 - rare, but taxonomlcally questionable) includes species with questionable taxonomy, including taxa of dubious validity and taxa under study and potentially to be named. If further study reveals that these are valid taxa, they would warrant addition to the Rare Plant List as Endangered, Threatened, Candidate, or Significantly Rare. This category has been used for named and unnamed taxa which currently appear to have some significant chance of being proven valid. We request data on taxonomic validity, as well as data on localities and populations.

56 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N;C. U.S. N.C. Global Watch Category 3 (W3 - rare, but uncertain documentation) includes species which have been reported from North Carolina without adequate documentation. These species should be listed at a higher level when their reported occurrence in North Carolina is verified. This category includes sight records, old and vague reports for which no documentation has appeared, and, in a few cases, more recent literature reports for which we have not yet received documentation. We request data documenting native occurrence in North Carolina, as well as locality and population data. Watch Category 4 (W4 - rare, but believed not native) includes species known to occur in North Carolina which current data suggest are not native to North Carolina, but whose native occurrence is plausible. Some of these species were previously listed at a higher level, but field investigations suggest that all known North Carolina occurrences are introductions. We request data documenting the native occurrences of the species in North Carolina. Watch Category Sa (WSa - rare because of severe decline) includes species which have declined sharply in North Carolina, but which do not appear yet to warrant site-specific monitoring. Most species in this category haveundergone declines of more than 50% (in many cases more than 90%) from their pre-Columbian status. Reasons for decline include exotic pests or pathogens, massive modification of the landscape, suppression of natural fires, and failure of reproduction. Because many of these species were once abundant or even dominant in parts of North Carolina, they may still be fairly common or frequently encountered, despite the strong decline. If current trends continue, however, many of these species will be threatened witfi extirpation in all or a major part of their ranges in North Carolina. Watch Category Sb (Exploited Plants) These are generally widespread species, at least within their physiographic province, that are in commercial demand and are often collected and sold in high volume. Such high volume collection can cause local extirpation and is not sustainable in the long run . This-category has been created to bring attention to the issue before commercial collection of these species gets to the point where these species become rare. Allium tricoccurn, Galax urceolata, Hypnum curvifolium, Hypnum impoens, and Thuidium delicalulum are being monitored on federal lands in order to document the long term effects of commercial levels of collection. Monitoring of the other species would also be beneficial. The NHP requests information on locations of monitored populations, illegal collection incidents and amounts collected legally. Not included in this category are species that are already listed in other sections of this rare plant list. Watch Category 6 (W6 - regionally rare) includes species which are rare in one region of North Carolina, while being uncommon to abundant within another region. These regional rarities, generally within-state disjuncts, are significant for protection of genetic variation and long-term viability of species. The W6 list follows the main Watch list. See the W6 section for additional discussion. Watch Category 7 (W 7 - rare and poorly known) includes species with inadequate information about their distribution and rarity in North Carolina. These are generally species which have not been previously listed as rare in North Carolina, but which appear to be so, based on herbarium records and field experience of NC NHP staff, contractees, and cooperating scientists. Further information is needed in order to determine the true status of these species in North Carolina. We request locality and population data on these species.

References:

Fuller, D.O . 1991, Medicine from the W ild: an Overview of the U.S . Native Medicinal Plant Trade and Its Conservation Implications. Traffic USA, World Wildlife Fund Publications. NatureServe. 2003. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia oflife [web application]. Version 1.8. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed:April 1, 2004). Robbins, C. 1999. Medicine from U.S. Wildlands: An Assesmentof Native Plant Species Harvested in the United States for Medicinal Use and Trade and Evaluation of the Conservation and Management Implications. Traffic USA for the Nature Conservancy.

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 . 57 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Vascular Watch List Plants Acer nigrum Black Maple W7 - SI? G5 M: rich cove forests (Ashe*, Madison*, Swain*, Yancey*) Acmella repens Creeping Spotflower Wl - Si G5 CP: low wet areas in alluvial forests (New Hanover*, Robeson*, Stanly*) Actaea racemosa Common Black-cohosh W5B - S4 G4 MPC:rich cove forests, other mesic and moderately to very fertile forests Agalinis decemloba Piedmont Gerardia WI - S3 G4Q PMS: dry, open si tes (Buncombe*, Burke*, Durham, Forsyth*, Granville, Guilford*, Harnett, Henderson*, Hoke, Orange, Randolph, Richnond, Rutherford*, Scotland, Swain*, Transylvania*,Wake, Warren, Wilkes*) Agalinis linifolia Flaxleaf Gerardia WI - S3 G4? C: savannas, clay-based Carolina bays, depression ponds, and other wet, open habitats (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret*, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland*, Dare*, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow,Pender, Robeson, Sampson, Scot land *) Agalinis tenella a gerardia W7 - SI G4Q C: savannas, flatwoods (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Jones, New Hanover*, Onslow, S cotl and*, Wake*?) Agaristapopulifolia Agarista W3 - SR G4G5 C: blackwater swamps (Columbus*) Agastache nepetoides Yellow Giant-hyssop W7 - Si G5 P: oak--hickory forests, especially over mafic rocks (Durham*, Granville, Moore*, Rocki ngham*, Stokes *, Transylvania*, Wake*, Warren*) Agrimonia incisa Cutleaf Agrimony W3 FSC SR G3 CS: sandhillpocosin ecotones Agrostis altissima Tall Bentgrass W7 - S2? G4 C: wet savannas (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Edgecombe, Harnett*, Hyde*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender, Tyrrell*) Aletrisfarinosa White-tubed Colicroot W5B - S5 G5 CPM: pine savannas, pine flatwoods, seepage bogs, upland woodlands, roadbanks Allium allegheniense Allegheny Onion W7 - S2 G3? M: rock outcrops and woodlands over mafic rock at moderate to high elevations (Ashe, Watauga) Allium tricoccum Red Ramps W5B - S4 G5 M: cove forests and mesic slope forests Ampelopsis cordata Heartleaf Peppervine W7 - S2 G5 PM: floodplain forests (Anson*, Buncombe*, Cabarrus*, Edgec ombe*,

58 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Madison*, Martin*, Nash*, Richnxnd, Rowan*, Union*) Amphicarpum purshit Pinebarrens Goober Grass WI S3 G4 C: pine savannas, pocosins, shallow peat burns in pocosin/savanna ecotones (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin*, Martin*, Onslow, Pender, Pitt*, Robeson*, Sampson, Wilson*) Amsonia ciliata Fringed Bluestar Wl S3 G5? SC: sandhills (Anson*, Bladen, Cumberland, Moore, Ridmuond, Robeson, Scotland, Wake*) Andropogon arctatus Pinewoods Bluestem W3 SH G3 C: marsh (Parnlico*) Andropogon brachystachyus Short-spike Bluestem W3 - SR G4 habitat in North Carolina not known Andropogon longiberbis a bluestem W7 * .SI G5 C: sandhills (New Hanover, Pender) Andropogon perangustatus Narrowleaf Bluestem W7 - S2? G3G4Q CS: clay-based Carolina bays, upland depressions (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Onslow, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland) Andropogon tracyi Tracy's Bluestem W7 S2 G4? SCP: sandhills, other dry soils (Gates*, Granville*, Hamett*, Hoke, Johnston*, Moore, Richmond, Scotland*) Andropogon virginicus var decipiens Deceptive Bluestem W7 S2? G5T4 C: pinelands and disturbed areas (Bertie*, Bladen*, Dare*, Duplin*, Martin*, Nash*, Onslow, Pender) Anemone minima Dwarf Thimble-weed W3 - S2? G5T3 M: forests, openings Angelica atropurpurea Purple-stem Angelica W4 SE? G5 M: roadsides (Haywood*) Antennaria howelliissp petaloidea a pussytoes W7 - SI? G5T3T5 M: habitat in North Carolina not known Anthaenantia rufa Purple Silkyscale WI - S2 G5 CS: savannas (Bladen *, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Cumberland, Duplin*, Jones, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender) Aristida condensata a Three-awn grass W3 - SR G4 CS: sandy woods and fields (Bladen*, Richmond *) Aristida spiciformis Spike Three-awn W3 - SR G4 C: habitat in North Carolina not known Aristida tenuispica Hillsborough Three-Awn Grass W7 - Sl G5T? C: xeric sandhill scrub (Bladen*, Moore*, New Hanover, Pender) Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia Snakeroot W5B - S4 G4 PMC: dry to mesic forests

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 59 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global - Asclepias longifolia Longleaf Milkweed Wl- S2? G4G5 CS: savannas and sandhill seeps (Brunswick*, Carteret*, Columbus,

    -Cumberland*, Dare*, Johnston, Onslow, Pender, Pitt)

Asclepias tomentosa Sandhills Milkweed W7 - S3 G4 SC: sandhills (Bladen, Qimberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond, Scot land *) Asplenium resiliens Blackstem Spleenwort Wl - S2 GS MP: calcareous rock outcrops (Avery, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*, Madison, McDowell, Rutherford*, Stanly*, Swain*, Transylvania, Yadkin) Asterfirmus Purple-stem Aster W7 - Si G5 M: moist places (Buncombe*) Aster lanceolatus White Panicle Aster W7 - S2? GS CP: bottomlands, moist woodland borders (Currituck, Gates, Jones) Aster spectabilis Western Showy Aster W7

• S2? GS CP: pine barrens and woodland borders (Bertie*, Cab arrus*, Chatham, Craven*, Chowan*, Durham, Gates*,

Hertford*, Jones, Lee*, Montgomery, Onsl ow, P it'Rowan*) Athyrium angustum Northern Lady Fern W3 - SR GST5 M: rock outcrops and forests at high elevations (Avery*?) Baccharisangustifolia Saltwater False-willow W7 - S2? G4 CT: brackish marshes, shrubby marsh edges (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Dare*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender) Bacopa rotundifolia Round-leaf Water-hyssop W7 - SH GS C: natural lakes (Hyde) Bartonia paniculata Twining Screwstem W7 - S2 GS SCP: wet savannas, sandhill seeps,' other open wet areas (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Duplin*, Gates*, Hoke, Moore, Onslow, Scotland, Wake*) Bartonia verna White Screwstem  : Wl - S2 G5? C: savannas, limesink ponds (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, New Han over*, Onslow, Pender) Boltonia asteroides White Doll's-daisy W7 - S2? GS CM: clay-based Carolina bays, marshes, savannas, bogs (Brunswick, Columbus, Currituck*, Henderson*, Hoke, New Hanover, Robeson, Scotland) Boltonia diffusa Diffuse Doll's-daisy W7 - Si? G4 C: moist areas Boykinia aconitifolia Alleghany Brookfoam W7 - S3 G4 M: stream banks, meadows, and seepage slopes (Alleghany*, Avery*, Burke*, Jackson*, Macon*, Mitchell *, Transylvania*) Bromus latiglumis Riverbank Brome W7 - Si GS M: river floodplains (Alleghany*, Jackson)

60 - NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientifc Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Bromus nottowayanus Nottoway Valley Brome W7 - Si? G3G4 P: rich woods (Rockingham *, Surry*) Burmanniabiflora Northern Bluethreads WI S2S3 G4G5 CS: limesinks, cypress savannas, and sandhill seeps (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Cumberland, Dare*, Harnett*, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover*, Onslow, Scotland) Calamovilfa brevipilis Pinebarren Sandreed WI S3 G4 CS: savannas, sandhill seeps (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin*, Harnett, Hoke, Johnston*, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Pin*, Richmond, Saunpson*, Scotland) Callitricheterrestris Terrestrial Water-starwort W7 - S2? G5 CP: low, wet places (Anson*, Bladen*, Catawba*, Chatham*, Durham*, Forsyth*, Johnston*, Richmond, Union*, Washington*) Calycanthussftoridusvarfloridus Eastern Sweetshrub W7 - S2? G5T4 PM: mesic to dry forests (Alexander*, Avely*, Cherokee,* Durham*, Jackson*, Randolph, Stanly*, Stokes*, Tran sylvania*) Calystegiasoldanella Seashore False Bindweed W4 - SE? GS T: dunes (Dare) Carex albicansvar australis Bellow's-beak Sedge WI - S2? GSTS CP: dry woods, perhaps associated wiht calcareous or mafic rock (Alexander*, Cabarnus *,Caind en*, C atawba*, Chatham*, Columbus, Cumberland*, Durham*, Jones, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery*, Northampton*, Wake*, Warren*, Washington) Carex albicans var emmonsii Emmons's Sedge W7 - S2 GST5 CSP: moist woods (Cunberland, Durham*, Hoke, Jones*, Moore, Richmond *, Stokes*, Wayne*) Carex albursina White Bear Sedge W7 - S2 Gs M: rich cove forests, over mafE or calcareous rocks (Ashe*, Haywood*, Macon, Madison*, Mitchell*, Transylvania*) Carex baileyi Bailey's Sedge W7 - S2 G4 M: bogs and seeps (Ashe, Avery, Mecklenburg*, Transylvania*, Watauga) Carex bromoides ssp nontana Blue Ridge Brome Sedge W7 S3? G5T3? M: bogs, moist areas along streams, seepages in coves (Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Rutherford*, Watauga) Carex chapmanii Chapman's Sedge WI FSC S3- G3 C: moist bottomlands and slopes, perhaps associated with marl (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Gates, Jones, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 61 Scientifc Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Carex collinsli Collins's Sedge WI - S3 G4 SM: white cedar swamps, bogs (Cumberland, Harnett, Henderson, Hoke, Lee, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Carex corrugata Corrugated Sedge W7 - SI G5? C: calcareous fore sts (Bertie*, B lade n*, Chowan*, Cumberland*, Durham*, Halifax*, Johnston*, Jones, Lenoir*, New Hanover*, Orange*, Pender, Richmond, Rockingham*, Sampson*, Wake*) Carex echinatassp edcinata Star Sedge W7 SIS2 65T5 M: bogs and seeps (Alleghany*, Ashe*, Avely*, Clay*, Macon*, Wilkes*) Carex elliotti# Elliott's Sedge W7 S3 G4? CS: boggy sites (Bladen *, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Cumberland*, Hoke, Lee*, New Hanover, Onsl ow, Pamlico, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Scotland) Carexfestucacea Fescue Sedge W7 - S2? G5 P: piedmont swamp forestm bogs, upland depression swamps (Alamance*, Caswell*, Montgomery*, Orange*, Rockingham*, Stokes*) Carexfloridana Florida Sedge W7 - SIS2 G5? CSP: dry sandy woods (Brunswick, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Dare*, Gates*, Hoke, Jones, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery*, Randolph*, Richmond, Scotland*) Carex granularis Limestone Meadow Sedge W7 Si? G5 PC: piedmont bottomlands, coastal plain marl forests (Bladen*, Caswell*, Craven, Durham*, Granville*, Guilford*, Jones, Mecklenburg*, Orange*, Pender, Person*, Rowan*, Stokes*, Wilson*) Carex hyalinolepis Shoreline Sedge W7 - Si? G4G5 C: marshes (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, Hyde*, New Hanover, Perquimane, Richmond, Warren*) Carex leavenworthii Leavenworth's Sedge; W7 - Si G5 PM: dry woods (Durham*, Madison*, Randolph*, Richmond, Warren*) Carex lucorum var austrolucorum Appalachian Woodland Sedge W7 - S2? G4T3? M: medium to high elevation forests, especially over calcareous or mrafic rocks (Buncombe*, Clay*, Macon*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Watauga* Carex manhartii Manhart's Sedge WI FSC S3 G3 M: rich cove forests (As he, Avery, Cherokee, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Transylv ania, Yancey) Carex oklahomensis Oklahoma Sedge W7 - Si G4 M: seeps (Graham) Carex ruthii .Ruth's Sedge WI - S3 I G3.

62 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: seeps and bogs (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Clay*, Graham*, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*, Mitchell,* Swain*, Transylvania*, Yancey*) Carex sp 8 a sedge W7 SIS2 G4G5Q C: along creeks and springs Carex sparganioides Bur-reed Sedge W7 S2? G5 MP: rich cove forests (Alleghany*, Ashe *, Jackson *, Macon, Madi son*, Mitchell *, Randolph*) Carex tenera Quill Sedge W7 - Si? G5 P: low woods (Anson*, Caswell,* Davie*, Durham*, Moore, Richmond, Warren*) Carex turgescens Pinebarren Sedge WI - S3 G4G5 S: seepage bogs (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Scotland) Celtis occidentalis Mountain Hackberry W7 - S2 G5 M: rocky pl aces (Bun comb e*, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon*, Madi son*, Swain*, Warren *, Yan cey*) Ceratophyllum echinatum Prickly Hornwort W7 - S2 G4? CT: pools, lakes, and estuaries (Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Dare*, Perquimans*, Richmond, Wayne*) Chamaeliriumluteum Devil's-bit W5B - S5 G5 MPSC: rich, mesic, wooded coves and slopes; and moist slopes, bottomlands, wet savannas Chamaesyce bombensis Southern Seabeach Sandmat W7 - S2? G4G5 T: seabeaches (Carteret*, Dare*, Hyde*,New Hanover*, Onslow*, Pender*) Chasmanthiumsessiliflorum Longleaf Spikegrass W7 - S2 G5T5 CP: hardwood forests (Anson, Bertie* Bladen*, Brunswick*, Craven*, Davidson, Gates*, Graham, Jones, Martin, Montgomery, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Rowan) Chelone obliqua Red Turtlehead W7 S2? G4 CM: swamp forests, bogs, wet places (Ashe*, Gates, Haywood*, Henderson*, Hertford*, Martin*, Nash*, New Hanover*, Northampton*, Pender*, Swain*, Transylvania*) Chrysopogonpauciflorus Goldenbeard W4 - SI G4G5 C: sandhills (New Hanover*) Chrysopsis scabrella Rough Golden-aster W3 SR G4 S: sandhills (Moore*) Chrysopsis trichophylla Naked Golden-astr W7 Si G4 C: sandy ridges (Bladen*, New Hanover, Pender, Sampson) Chrysosplenium americanum Golden Saxifrage Wl- S3 GS M: seeps (Ashe, Avery, Hayvwood, Jackson, Macon, Madison*, Mitchell, Polk*, Swain, Watauga*, Wilkes*, Yancey*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 63 Scientifc Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Cimicifuga americana Mountain Black-cohosh W5B - S4 G4 M:rich cove forests and slopes, at moderate to high elevations Cinna latifolia Slender Wood-reed W7 - SIS2 G5 M: high elevation forests and openings (Bun comb e*, Haywood*, Macon*, Mitchell *, Swain*, Watauga*, Yanc ey*) Cirsium lecontei Leconte's Thistle W7 S2 G4G5 C: savannas (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Onslow, Pender) Cladrastiskentukea Yellowwood W7 S2S3 G4 M: forests (Cherokee*, Clay, Graham*,. Haywood, Macon, Madison, Sw ain*) Cleistes bifaria Small Spreading Pogonia Wl - S2 G3G4 MPC: savannas, dry meadows (Brunswick, Buncombe*, Burke*, Carteret, Catawba, Cherokee*, Cleveland, Craven*, Harnett*, Henderson*, Madison*, McDowell, New Hanover, On slow, Robeson*, Rutherford, Scotland*, Transylvania*) Cleistes divaricata Spreading Pogonia W1 - S3 G4 C: pine savannas (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Onslow, Pender) Clematis catesbyana Coastal Virgin's-bower W7 - S2 G4G5 TCM: dunes, edges of maritime forests, or over dolomite (Brunswick, Carteret*, Currituck*, Dare, New Hanover, Onslow*) Coelorachisrugosa Wrinkled Jointgrass WI - S2 G5 CS: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays, wet savannas (Brunswick, Craven, Cumberland*, Dare*, Harnett*, Hoke*, Moore*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Collinsoniaserotina Fall-line Horsebalm W7 - Si? G3G4 P: mixed deciduous forests (Iredell*?, Richmond*, Rockingham*, Stanly) Corallorhizawisteriana Spring Coral-root W7 - S2 G5 MPCT: moist to dry, nutrient-rich forests, including maritime forests, cove forests, mesic slope forests, upland forests; especially over limestone, mafic rocks or shell rich sands (Durham*) Corallorrhizaodontorhiza var. pringlei Pringle's Autumn Coralroot W7 - Si G5T? P: forests (Buncombe*,Carteret*, Catawba*, Davie*, Durham*, Harneft, Jackson*, Madison*, Mecklenburg*, New Hanove*r, Orange*, Polk*, Surry*, Swain*) Coreopsis delphiniffolia Larkspur Coreopsis W3 SR G3?Q P: dry woodlands Coreopsishelianthoides Beadle's Coreopsis W7 - S2? G3G4Q C: swamp, peaty wetlands (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus,

64 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Craven*, Duplin*, Jones*, Onslow, Pender) Coreopsis pubescens var robusta Blue Ridge Coreopsis W7 S2? G5?T3? MP: rich woodlands, glades, outcrops (Alleghany*, Ashe*, Avery*, Buncornbe*, Chervkee*, Haywood*, Tred ell*, Jackson*, Macon*, Mi tche 1*, Polk*, Watauga") Crataegus aestivalis May Hawthorn WI S2 G5 C: swamp forests (Brunswick*, Columbus*, Craven*, Onslow*, Pender*, Wayne*,) Crataegusspathulata Little-lip Hawthorn W7 Sl G5 CPM: bottom lands (Bladen", Columbus, Davidson*, Macon*) Cuscuta cephalanthi Buttonbush Dodder W7 Si G5 MP: on woody hosts (Buncombe", Orange*) Cuscuta coryli Hazel Dodder W7 - SI? G5 CP: on woody or herbaceous hosts (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Dare*, New Hanover*, Onslow*, Polk*) Cymophyllusfraserianus Fraser's Sedge WI - S3 G4 M: forests (Alleghany*, Ashe, Avery, Caldwell*, Clay, Graham, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon, McDowell*, Mitchell*, Swain, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey*) Cyperus distans a flatsedge W7 - Si G5 C: marshes (New Hanover") Cyperussquarrosus Awned Flatsedge W7 - S2 G5 P: granite flatrocks, other rock outcrops (Durham*, Franklin*, Rowan*) Cyperus virens Green Flatsedge W7 - SU G5 C: marshes and ditches (Carteret*, New Hanover, Richmond) Cypripedium parviflorum var. parviflorum Small Yellow Lady's-slipper W5B - S3 G5 M: bogs? (Ashe *, Avery*, Watauga") Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens Large Yellow Lady's-slipper W5B - S3 G5 PM: rich, mesic forests (Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe, Burke, Clay*, Durham, Gaston*, Graham*, Guilford*, Haywood*, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon*, Madisont, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell *, Orange, Polk*, Randolph*, Richmond, Rockingham*, Rowan, Stokes*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Wake, Watauga) Cypripedium reginae Showy Ladyslipper W3 SH G4 M: habitat not known (Jackson", Macon*) Cystopteris bulbifera Bulblet Bladder Fern W7 - SIS2 G5 M: calcareous rocks (Avery, Buncombe, Madison, McDowell, Swain*, Transylvania)

NATURAL BERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 65 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Daleapinnata Eastern Prairie-clover Wl - S2 G5 SC: sandhills and dryish pinelands (Bladen, Cumberland, Harnett*, Hoke, Lenoir*, Moore*, Pender*, Richirand, Robeson*, Sanpson*, Scotland, Wayne *) Desmodium pauciflorum Few-flower Tick-trefoil W7 S2? G5 PC: rich forests and botbmlands (Anson, Cabarrus *, Caswell *, Chowan*, Craven*, Hertford*, Iredell*, John ston, Jon es, M ecki enbu rg*, Northampton*, Pitt*, Richmond, Rockinghamr*, Wake, Warren*) Diamorphasmallii Elf Orpine WI S3 G4 PM: granite flatrocks (Alexander, Anson, Forsyth*, Franklin, Gaston, Granville, Henderson*, Iredell*, Nash*, Rowan*, Rutherford*' , Wake, Yadkin *) Dichanthelium boreale Northern Witch Grass W7 - SIS2 GS 4 ' P: open woods (Chathamn, Durham *, Franklin*, Person*, Rowan, Wake*, Wilkes*) Dichanthelium dichotomum var 2 (= roanokense) Roanoke Witch Grass .W7 - SI? G5T4? CS: savannas, open swampy woods, wet peaty meadows <Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Dare*, Hyde*, Moore, Pender) Dichanthelium dichotomum ar. 7 a Witch Grass W7 - SI G5T?Q C: wet ultisol soil (Pender) Dichanthelium ensifolium var. I Short-leaved Witch Grass W7 - S2? G5T5? CSM: savannas, bogs, wet woodlands (Brunswick, Clay*, Columbus, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke) Dichanthelium erectiflium Erectleaf Witchgrass WI - S2 G4 C: pondshores (Brunswick, Columbus, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland) Dichantheliumlatifolium Broadleaf Witch Grass r W7 - S2 G5 M: forests (Ashe, Avery*, Caldwell*, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon,* Swain*, Watauga*) Dichanthelium linearifolium . Low White-haired WitclchGrass W7 - Sl? GS PM: dry open woods and rodc outcrops (Durham4*, Gaston*, Macon*, Rockingham) Dichantheliumoligosanthes var scribnerianum Scribner's Witchgrass W7 - SI? GST5 C: calcareous, coastal-fringe forests (Beaufort, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven, On slow) Dichanthelium ovale var ovale Elliott's Witch Grass W7 - SI? G5T5 C: dry to damp, sandy pinelands (Brunswick*, Carteret, Gales*, Pender) Dichanthelium spretum Eaton's Witch Grass W7 - SIS2 GS CPM: wet sites (Alleghany*, Burke*, Craven, Dare*, Durham*, Forsyth*, Onsl ow, Rando lph *, Rob eson 4, Stanly*) Dichanthelium aciculare var. 2 Spindle-fruited Witch Grass W7 sW - SI? G4G5T5?

66 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global CS: dry sandy pinelands and clearings (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus*, Craven, Moore*, Onslow, Richmond*) Dioscoreavillosa var hirticaulis Hairy Yam W2 - S2? G4G5T3Q SC: moist forests (Gates*, Halifax*, Hoke*, Martin*, Nash*, New Hanover*, Pender*, Richmond*, Scot land *, Wake*, Washington*) Diplazium pycnocarpon Glade Fern WI - S2 G5 MPC: rich woods, usually over seepage (Avery*, Buncombe, Burke*, Clay, Durham*, Graham, Hayxood, Hertford *,Jackson, Macon, Madison*, McDowell, Polk*, Swain, Vance*) Dircapalustris Leatherwood WI S2 G4 PM: rich woods, either alluvial or over mafic or calcareous rocks (Anson*, Ashe,Burke, Chatham*, Clay*, Cleveland*, Darham, Haywood, Jackson, Lee, Madison*, Mecklenburg*, Moore, Polk, Randolph*, Rockingham, Rutherford, Stanly, Swain*, Wake) Dryopteriscarthusiana Spinulose Woodfern W7 - S2 G5 MCP: swampy woods (Cabarrus*, Camden*, Chowan*, Gates, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*?, Perquimans, Yancey*?) Dryopteriscristahz Crested Woodfern Wl S3 G5 MCP: bogs, wet woods (Alamance*, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Camden*, Durham*, Gates*, Guilford, Haywood, Henderson*, Madison*, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*, Orange*, Wake*, Watauga, Yancey) Dryopteris goldiana Goldie's Woodfern WI S3 G4 MP: rich, moist woods (Ashe*, Buncombe, Burke, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchellt, Orange*, Sain, Watauga*) Dryopterisludoviciana Southern Woodfern WI - S2 G4 C: acid swamps (Brunswick*, Carteret, Chowan, Columbus*, Craven, Jones, New Hanover*, Onslow, Pender, Washington) Echinaceapallida Pale Coneflower W4 - SE G4 MP: alluvial forests (Gaston*, Granville, Madison, McDowell*, Mecklenburg*, Richmond*) Echinocystis lobata Wild Mock Cucumber W7 - Si G5 M: alluvial forests (Alleghany*, Ashe, Watauga*) Elatine americana American Waterwort W4 - SA G4 M: lakes (Jackson*) Elatine minima Tiny Waterwort W4 - SA G5 P: lakes (Granville)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 67 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Eleocharisengelmannii Englemann's Spikerush W7 - Si G4? PCM: marshes (Alexander*, Henderson*, Hoke, Northampton*, Rowan*, Stanly*) Eleocharis equisetoides Horsetail Spikerush WI - S3 G4 C: limesink ponds (BI aden, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover*, Onslow, Randolph, Richmond, Scotland) Eleochariserythropoda Bald Spikerush W7 - Sl G5 MC: stream banks and marshes (Ashe*, Carteret*, Madison*) Eleocharismelanocarpa Blackfruit Spikerush Wl - S3 G4 C: clay-based Carolina bays, limnsink ponds (Brunswick, Carteret, Cumberland, Johnston*', New Hanover, Onslow, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland, Wayne*) Eleocharisparvula Little. -spikeSpikerush W7 - Si? G5 CT: brackish and fresh marshes (Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*, Dare*, Hyde, Mecklenburg*, New Hanover*, Onsl ow, Tyrrel 1*) Eleocharissmallii Small's Spikerush W3 - Sl G5? M: open, wet pl aces (Macon*) Eleocharistricostata Three-angle Spikerush W7 - S2 G4 CP: bogs and savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret*, Cumbeiland, Dare*, Hoke, Northampton *, Onslow, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland, Stan ly*) Elodea canadensis Canada Elodea W7 - Sl? 05 CPM: streams (Craven*, McDowell*, Orange*, Perquimans*, Wake*, Watauga*) Elodea nuttallit Nuttall's Elodea W7 - S2? . G5 CPM: lakes, ponds, and streams (Avery*, CurrituckV, Dare*, Frankli n*, Haywood*, Jone s, McDowe 1l*, Perquimans*, Tyrrell*, Wake*, Wilson*, Yancey*) Elymus canadensis Nodding Wild Rye W7 - Si G5 M: rich woods (Buncombe*, Swain*) Elymus riparius Riverbank Wild Rye W7 - SIS2 G5 MP: riverbanks and low, rich woods (Ashe*, Avery*, Caldwell*, Macon*, Madison*, Orange*?, Watauga*) Elymus virginicus var. halophilus A Wild Rye W7 - S2? G5TU C: marsh edges, hammocks (Beaufort, Craven, Washingbn) Epilobium leptophyllum Narrowleaf Wlllowherb WI - S3 G5 MP: bogs and seeps (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Guilford*, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Mitchell, Watauga) Equisetum xferrissui Ferriss's Scouring Rush W3 - SR HYB C: moist lakeshores, riverbanks, roadsides Eragrostisfrankii Frank's Lovegrass W7 - Si G5 P: open, disturbed sites (Granville*) Eragrostislugens Mourning Lovegrass W7 - S1 G5

68 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global P: open, wet areas (Mecklenburg*) Erigeniabulbosa Harbinger-of-spring W3 - SR G5 MP?: rich woods , Eriophorum virginicum Tawny Cottongrass WI - S3 G5 MSCP: peaty sites - bogs, fens, poco sins, seeps (Alleghany, Ashe*, Bladen, Brunswick, Burke*, Cumberland, Currituck*, Edgecomnbe*, Forsyth*, Henderson *, Jaclkon, Macon*, Moore*, Richmond, Scotland*, Transylvannia*, Tyrell*, Watauga*, Yancey* ) Eryngium yuccifolium var synchaetum Southern Rattlesnake-master W2 - Si G5T5 C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus, Onslow, Pender) Erythronium americanum ssp americanum American Tinut Lily W7 - S2? G5T5 P: rich slopes (Durham) Euonymus atropurpureus Eastern Wahoo W7 - S2 G5 PMC: rich forests with circumneutral soils (Caswell, Cherokee*, Fianklin, Guilford*, Halifax, Lee, Moore, Northampton, Orange*, Polk, Rockingham*, Rutherford*, Stokes*, Swain*) Eupatorium altissimum Tall Boneset W7 - S2 G5 P: woodlands, openings, and old fields over mafic rocks (Burke, Cabarrus, Chatham, Davidson*, Durham, Forsyth*, Gaston, Granville, Mecklenburg, Moore, Orange*, Randolph, Rowan*, Stan ly*, Union*, Wake*)' Eupatoriumanomalum Anomalous Eupatorium W7 - Si? G2G3 C: wet savannas Eupatorium maculatum Spotted Joe-Pye Weed W7 - S3?. G5 M: marshes, meadows, and woodlands (Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Mitchell*, Polk*, Watauga* Yancey*) Eupatorium recurvans Recurved Eupatorium W7 - Si? G3G4Q C: wet savannas Eupatoriumsaltuense Pasture Eupatorium W7 - Si? G3? P: marshes, upland forests and woodland borders (Caswell*, Granville, Halifax, Wan-en*) Eupatoriumsessilifolium var brittonianum Britton's Eupatorium W7 - SH G5T? M: rocky woodlands over mafic rocks (Buncombe*) Eupatoriumsteelei Appalachian Joe-pye-weed W7 - S2? G4 M: cove hardwood and northern hardwood forests (Ashe, Avery*, Haywood*, Macon*, Watauga) Euthamiagraminifoliavar nuttallii Flattop Goldenrod W7 - Sl G5 M: sandy bottormlands (Buncormbe*, Henderson) Fimbristylis littoralis Grass-like Fintry W7 - Si G3G5 PMSC: open wet places Fimbristylismiliacea Grass-like Finbry W7 - 51 G5' PMSC: openwetplaces (Cabarru s * , Cumberland, Harnett*, Hoke, Mecklenburg*, Polk*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 69 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Fragariavesca Woodland Strawberry W4 -- Si G5 M: rich forests (Watauga*) Frangulacaroliniana Carolina Buckthorn W7 - S3 G5 PMC: rich bottomlands and slopes (Beaufort*, Bu.ncombe*, Burke*, Cabanus, Cleveland*, Iredell*, Lincoln*, Madison*, Mecklenburg, Polk, Rutherford, Union) Fuirenascirpoidea Southern Umbrella-sedge W3 - SR G5 C: shallow water (Tyrrell*) Galax urceolata Galax W5B - S5 G5 MPC: rocky woodlands, mountain forests, and rock outcrops Galium asprellum Rough Bedstraw W7 S2 GS M: bogs (Al leghany*, Ashe, Avery*, Haywood*, Watauga) Galium lanceolatum Lanceleaf Wild Licorice W7 - S2 G5 M: rich cove forests (Buncombe, Clay*, Madison*, Mitchell*, Watauga*) Gaultheriahispidula Creeping Snowberry W3 - SH G5 M: habitat in North Carolina not known Gaylussaciadumosa var I Blue Ridge Dwarf Huckleberry W7 - Sl? G5TI?Q MP: mountain bogs, high elevation peaks, peat dome pocosins; generally growing in peat Gaylussaciadumosa var bigeloviana Northern Dwarf Huckleberry W7 - SI G5T4T5 MC: mountain bogs, moist mountain slopes at high elevations, in peat of large pocosins (Dare, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon*) Gentiana austromontana Appalachian Gentian W7 - S2? G3 M: high elevation forests and balds (Ashe*, Avery, Mitchell, Stokes*, Surry*, Yan cey*) Glandulariacanadensis Rose Mock-vervain W7 - S1? G5 CPS: sandhills and other drywoods (Alamance*, Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Randolph*, Richmond*, Washington*) Goodyeta repens Lesser Rattlesnake-orchid WI - S2S3 GS MP: moist, acid forests, especially under rhododendrons and conifers (Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe, Burke, Graham, Haywood, Macon*, Madison*, Rutherford, Swain*, Watauga *, Yancey) Habenariarepens Water-spider Orchid WI - S2 G5 CS: in stagnant, blackwater pools (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Dare, Duplin*, Hoke,. Moore, New Hanover*, Pender*, Richmond, Scotland) Hackelia virginiana Virginia stickseed W7 - SIS2 G5 MP: woods and thickets with circumneutral soil (Alleghany*, Ashe*, Burke*, Caldwell*, Gaston*, Haywood*, Clay*, Macon*, Polk*) Helianthemum carolinianum Carolina Sunrose W7 - S2? G4 CS: sandhills, pinelands, dry savannas (Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*,

70 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 ScientificName Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Cumberland*, Greene*, New Hanover*, Robeson*, Wilson*) Helianthusglaucophyllus Whiteleaf Sunflower WI S3 G3 M: cove forests and other middle-elevation forests and openings (Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell*, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, McDowell, Mitchell*, Polk, Swain*, Watauga, Yancey) Helianthuslongifolius Longleaf Sunflower W7 Si? G3 M: habitat not known Heliotropium curassavicum Seaside Heliotrope W4 - SE? G5 C: shores and edges of marshes (Carteret*, Hyde*) Heterantherareniformis Kidneyleaf Mud-plantain W7 - S2? G5 CP: muddy shores, bars, pools (Bertie, Davidson*, othercounties uncertain because of taxononic confusion) Heteropogon melanocarpus Tanglehead W4 - SE? G4? C: pi nelands (New Hanover*) Heucheracaroliniana Carolina Alumroot W7 - S3 G3 P: rich, rocky woods (Alexander, Anson*, Burke, Cabarrus*, Cleveland, Davidson *, Forsyth*, Gaston*, Iredell*, Lincoln*, Mecklenburg*, Randolph*, Rowan*, Stanly*, Stokes*, Surry*, Union*) Heuchera hispida Hispid Alumroot W7 - Si G5T3? P: rich, rocky woods (Burke*?, Surry*) Heuchera longiflora Long-flower Alumroot W7 - S3 G4 M: rich and rocky cove forests, especially over calcareous or mafic rocks (Buncombe*, Haywood*,

 - Madi son*)

Heucheraparvifloravar parviflora Grotto Alumroot Wl - S2S3 G4T4 MP: in deep shade under overhanging cliffs (Bunconbe, Burke, Hay ood, Henderson*, Jackson, Macon*, Polk*, Rutherford, Stokes, Surry*, Transylvania) Heucherapubescens Downy Alunroot QW7 - Si G4? P: rock outcrops (Stokes*, Surry*) Hibiscus coccineus Scarlet Hibiscus W4 - SE? G4? CP: blackwater swamps and open, wet ground (Columbus, Hyde*, Union) Houstoniapurpureavar calycosa Summer Bluet W7 - Si GST5 M: rocky forests, often dry (Bun comb e*, Burke, Haywood*, Henderson*, McDowell*) Humulus lupulus var lupuloides Hops W4 - Si G5T5 C: habitat in North Carolina not known Humulus lupulus varpubescens Hops W4 - Si G5T4? P: bottomlands (Randolph*, Rockingham*, Stokes*) Hydrangea cinerea Ashy Hydrangea W7 - S2 G4 M: shady ledges and cliffs, secondary forests (Cherokee*, Clay*, Cleveland*, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon*, Rutherford*, Swain*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 71 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Hydrocotyle americana American Pennywort W7 S2 G5 MP: on cliffs in spray of waterfalls, also in bogs (Ashe*, Burke, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga*, Yancey*) Hypericum buckleii Blue Ridge St. John's-wort Wl - S3 G3 M: high elevation rocky summits, granitic domes, grassy balds (Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Transylvania) Hypericum ellipticum Pale St. John's-wort W3 - SR G5 M: habitat in North Carolina not known Hypericumnfasciculatum Peelbark St. John's-wrt W7 Si? G5 C: beaver ponds, low pinelands, pools (Columbus*, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Onslow, Pender*, Robeson*) Hypericum graveolens Mountain St. John's-wort WI S2S3 G3 M: high elevation balds, outcrops, seeps (Buncombe*, Haywood, Jackson*, McDowell *,Mitchell*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Yancey*) Hypericum mitchellianum Mitchell's St.'John's-wort WI S2S3 G3 M: high elevation balds, outcrops, seeps (Ashe*, Avery", Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson, Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga*, Yancey*) 1lex ambigua Carolina Holly WI - S3 GS CS: sandy woods (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland*, Jones*, Lenoir*, Orange, Richmond, Robeson*, Scotland, Wayne*) llex cassine Dahoon W7 - S2 GS C: blackwater swamps and pocosins (Brunswick, New Hanover) Ipomoea macrorhiza Manroot W4 - SE? G3G5 TC: low marshy places, dunes (Brunswick#) Ipomoea pes-caprae Railroad Morning-glory W4 - Si G5 C: ocean beaches (Carteret) Ipomopsis rubra Standing Cypress W4 - SE? G4G5 SC: sandy soils (Cumberland*, Harnett*, Moore, Richmond, Robeson, Scotland) Iresine rhizomatosa Rootstock Bloodleaf W7 - S2? G5 TC: low wet places, interdune swales, damp woods, edges of brackish marshes (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, New Hanover, On slow, Pender*, Sampson*) Isoetes hyemalis Winter Quillwort W7 - SIS2 G2G3 SCP: beds of blackwater and other streams (Durham, Harnett, Hoke, Montgomery'?, Richmond, Scotland) Isolepis koilolepis Keeled Beakrush W7 - Si G5 PC: wet places (Anson*, Chatham*, Dulwam*, Pender, Union") Juglans cinerea Butternut W5A FSC S2S3 G3G4 MP: cove forests, rich woods (All egha ny, As he, Avery, Buncombe*, Burke, Caldwell*, Clay, Durham*,

72 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Mitchell*, Orange*, Polk, Rutherford, Sampson*, Stanly*, Stokese, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga*, Wilkes*, Yancey) Juncus articulatus Jointleaf Rush W7 Sl G5 C: open wet ground (Dare*) Juncus brachycarpus Whiteroot Rush W7 S2? G4G5 PC: wet sandy soil (Chatham*, Duplin*, Durh am*, Granvi lle*, Hertford*, Hyde", Iredell*, Montgomery*, Nash*, Northampton*, Orange*., S tanly*, Union *, Wake*) Juncus brevicaudatus Mountain Rush W7 Si? G5 M: bogs and seeps at high elevations (Clay*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Juncus georgianus Georgia Rush W7 - Si? G4 P: shallow depressions in granitic flatrocks and domes (Alexander, Franklin *, Row an*) Juncus gymnocarpus Seep Rush Wl - S3 G4 M: bogs, seeps, streambanks (Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke*, Clay*, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, McDowell*, Transylvania, Watauga, Yancey) Juncus longii Long's Rush W7 - SI G3G4Q CPM: wet, clayey soil (Cumberland, Dare*, Graham*, Hoke, Montgomery, Union*, Wayne*) Juncus secundus Nodding Rush W7 - SIS2 G5? PM: rock outcrops (Alexander, Alleghany*, Caswell*, Davie*, Forsyth*, Granville*, Madison*, Mitchell*, Orange*, Person*, Rockingh am*, Wake*) Juncus torreyi Torrey's Rush W3 - SR G5 M: bogs (Clay*?) Krigia bilora Two-flower Cynthia W7 - S2? G5 MP: rich mesic woods (Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Caldwell*, Chatham", Clay*, Graham*, Haywood*, Transylvania") Krigia montana Mountain Cynthia Wl S3 G3 M: cliffs, high elevation rocky summits, and grassy balds (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell*, Rutherford, Transylvania", Yancey*) Lachnocaulonminus Brown Bogbutton W7 - S2 G3G4 CS: savannas, seeps (Bladen", Brunswick, Columbus*, Cumberland*, New Hanover*, On slow, Pender*, Robeson*, Scotland*) Lathyrus japonicus var maritimns Beach Pea W3 - SR G5T4T5 T: beaches, shorelines (Dare*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 73 Scientific Name Common Name

• Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Lathyruspalustris Marsh Peavine W7 - S2? G5 C: bottomlands, streambanks and marsh es (B eaufort*, Chow an*,

Currituck, Gates*, Hertford*, Martin*, Wasffington*) Lathyrus pusillus Tiny Peavine W7 - I S G5? PC: wet, disturbed sites (Cabarnis*, Franklin *) Lathyrus venosus Smooth Peavine W7 - S2 G5 PM: rich bottomlands and rocky slopes, generally over mafic rocks (Buncombe, Burke, Catawba, Durham, Granville*, Haywood*, Macon*, Madiso n*, Montgomety, Moore, Orange*, Richmond, Wake*, Watauga*, Wilkes*) Leersia lenticularis Catchfly Cutgrass W7 - Si? G5 C: low woods (Edgecombe*, Jones*, Lenoir*;, Northampton*) Lemna gibba Inflated Duckweed W7 Si G4G5 C: ponds and sloughs (Craven*, Pasquotank*) Leucospora multifida Leucospora W4 - SE? G5 . C: moist to wet, sandy margins of artificial depressional wetland (Carteret) Liatrisscariosa New England Blazing-star W7 - S2 G5? MP: rock outcrops, glades, dry woodlands; mostly over mafic rocks? (mostly over mafic rocks?)) Liatrissecunda a blazing-star W7 SIS2 G4G5 SC: sandhills (Anson*, Bladen, Brunswick*, Richmond, Hoke, New Hanover, Scotland, Wake) Liatris squarrosavar hirsute a blazing-star W3 - SR G5T4? habitat in North Carolina not known Lilium sp. I Blackwater Turk' s-cap Lily W2 - SI GU C: blackwater swamps and marshes (Chowan, Gates, Nash*) Lindernia monticola Flatrock Pimpcrmcl WI - S2 G4 PM: seepages on granitic flatrocks and other rock outcrops (Alexander, Cherokee*, Foisyth*, Franklin, Gaston, Granville, Nash*, Richmond, Rowan*, Stokes*, Wake, Yadkin*) Linderniasaxicola Riverbank Pimpernel W2 - SH Gl?Q. M: riverbank rock outcrops (Swain) Listera australis Southern Twayblade WI S3 G4 CM: moist hardwood forest, swamps, wet woods under rhododendron (Avery*,. Beaufort, Bladen, Craven*, Dare, Gates', Halifax, Henderson, Hoke, Hyde, Jones, Pender, Sampson,Transylvania*, Wayne) Lisiera cordata Heart-leaved Twayblade W3 SH G5 M: habitat in North Carolina not known (Avery*) Lobeliasp I Cedar Swamp Lobelia WI - S3 G? SC: white cedar swamps, seepages along blackwater streams (Richmond)

74 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Globe-fruit Seedbox W7 Sl G5 CS: bogs and pools (Columbus, Craven, Dare*, Hoke*, Johnston*, Richmond, Washington*) Lupinus villosus Lady Lupine W7 - S2 G5 C: sandhills and other dry sandy woods (Bladen, Brnmswick,Columbus*, Cumberland*, Daplin*, Pender) Luzula multiflora Heath Woodrush W7 - S2? GS MP: moist woods (Burke*, Macon*, Madison*, Stokes*) Lycopodiella prostrata Featherstem Clubmoss W7 - S2? G5 C: wet savannas (Bladen*, Brunswick, Columbus*, Ons low, Pender*, Richmond) Lycopodium dendroideum Tree Ground-pine W7 - Si? GS M: openings and balds (Ashe) ) Lycopodium hickeyi Pennsylvania Gmund-pine W7 - S2? GS M: openings, balds, bog margins, and high elevation forests (Alleghany, Burke*, Haywood, Macon*, Mitchell) Lycopus amplectens Clasping Water-howhound W7 - Si GS CSM: clay-based Carolina bays, other wet places (Cumberland*, Henderson*, Hoke, Moore, Pender, Ridcmond, Robeson*, Scotland) Lycopus cokeri Coker's Bugleweed WI - S3 G3 SC: streamhead pocosins, sandhill seeps, clay-based Carolina bays, savannas (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Sampson *, Scotland, Wayne) Lysimachia loomisii Loomis' Loosestrife WI - S3 G3 C: pine savannas and pocosins (Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Carteret, Columbus*, Craven, Cumberland*, Duplin*, Johnston*, Jones, Lenoir*, Martin*, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender*, Robeson *, Wayne*) Lysimachia quadriflora Smooth Loosestrife W3 - SR G5? P: wet meadows, streambanks Lysimachia tonsa Southern Looses trife W7 - S2? G4 P: upland forests and openings (Caswell*, Durham*, Mecklenburg*, Orange*, Polk, Rockingham*, Suny, Vance, Wake*) Magnolia acuminata var subcordata Piedmont Cucumber-tree W7 - SI? GST3Q P: moist slopes (Anson*, Montgomery*, Moore*) Magnoliagrandiflora Southern Magnolia W7 - Si I GS C: mainland forests with maritime influence on the southeastern coast of North Carolina; introduced elsewhere (Brunswick, New Hanover*?, introduced elsewhere)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF 'THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 75 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Manfreda virginica Eastern Agave W7 - S2 G5 PMCS: granite flatrocks, mafic glades, dry outcrops, dry mvodlands (Anson, Burke, Cabarrus, Cherokee*, Clay*, Cleveland*, Cumberland*, Granville, Iredell*, Mecklenburg, Montgomery,Orange*, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan*, Stanly, Union*) Mateleaflavidula Yellow Carolina Milkvine W3 - SR G3? P: habitat in North Carolina not known (Person*?) Matelea obliqua Climbing Milkvine W7 - Si G4? M: dry, rocky woodlands over calcareous rocks (Buncombe*, Madi son*) Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells W7 - S2 G5 PCM: rich forests on sbpes and bottomlands (Alamance, Bertie, Caswell, Person*, Rockingham, Watauga*) Minuartiaalabamensis Alabama Sandvort W2 - Si G2Q P: granite flatrocks (Rutherford) Monarda media Purple Bee-balm W7 - Si? G4? M: grassy balds (Avery) Muhlenbergia mexicana Mexican Muhly W7 - Sl G5 M: forests and openings (Buncombe*, Macon*, Mi tche 1*) Muhlenbergia sylvatica Woodland Muhly W7 - SIS2 G5 PM: rich alluvial forests (Averys, Durtam*, Forsyth*, Franklin*, Gaston*, Granville*, Montgomery*, Orange,* Person*, Swain*) Myriophyllum pinnatum Cutleaf Water-milfoil W7 - S2? G5 CS: pools and ditches (Brunswick, Currituck*, Dare*, Hoke*, New Hanove*r, Scotland*, Tyrrell*)) Najas gracillima Slender Waternymph W7 - S2 G5? CPM: pools and lakes (Avery*, Buncombe*, Chowan*, Forsyth*, Iredell*, Jackson*, Madison*, McDowell*, Orange*, Randolph*, Wake*, Washington*) Nelumbo lutea American Lotus W7 - S2 G4 CS: ponds, slow streams, natural lakes, estuarine rivers (Anson*, Bertie*, Columbus*, Craven, Halifax*, Johnston*, Perquimans*, Pitt, Richmond*, Robeson*, Wake, Wilson*) Nestronia umbellula Nestronia WI S3 G4 PSC: upland forests (Alexarder*, Burke, Cabarrus, Chatham*, Cumberland, Durham, Forsyth*, Franklin*, Gaston, Granville, Guilford, Harnett*, Hoke, Iredell, Lee, Lincoln, MecklenburgMontgomery, Moore, Orange, Polk*, Richmond, Rockinghan, Rowan*, Rutherford*, Stanly, Vance, Wake) Nupharsagittifolia Narrowleaf CovAily WI - S2 G5T2

76 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global CS: blackwater streams, rivers, and lakes (Beaufort*, B laden, Brunswick*, Columbus, Cumberland, Duplin*, Hamett, Hoke, Jones*, Moore, Nash*, New Hanover, Pender, Pitt, RichmondRobeson, Sampson*, Scotland) Nymphoides cordata Little Floating-heart W7 - Si GS S: blackwater streams and pools, Carolina bays, vernal pools (Cumberland*, Hoke; Moore*, Richmond, Scotland) Qenothera riparia Riverside Primrose WI

• S2S3 G2G3 C: freshwater, tidal riverbanks (Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender)

Onosmodium virginianum Virginia Marbleseed Wl S3 G4 CTSP: sandhills, dry mafic sites, shell middens (Brunswick*, Burke, Cleveland*, Cumberland, Durham*, Hamett, Hoke, Jones*, Moore, Polk*, Richmond, Robeson*, Scotland,Wake*) Ophioglossum crotalophoroidesvar crotalophoroides Bulbous Adder's-tongue W7 - SR G5T5 C: moist ditchbanks and grassy roadside flats (BeaufortP, Brunswick*, Carteret*, Craven*, Dare*, Hyde*, Martin*, Pamlico*, Washington*) Ophioglossum nudicaule Slender Adder's-tongie W7 - Sl? GS C: moist sandy flats (Brunswick*) Ophioglossumpetiolatum Long-stem Adder's-tongue W7 - S2? GS CT: maritime wet grasslands, moist ditchbanks, grassyroadside flats (Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*, Dare*, Washington*) Oplismenus setarius Shortleaf Basket Grass W7 Sl GS TC: maritinr forests, bottorriands (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare, Ons low, Pender*, Washington*) Orbexilum iuptnellum Lupine Scurfpea WI - S3 G3G4 S: sandhills (Bladen*, Craven, Cumberland*, Hamett, Hoke, Moore, PamIico*, Richmond, Sampson*,

• Scotland)

Orbexilum onobrychis Lanceleaf Scurfpea W3 SH G5 M: habitat in North Carolina not known (Haywod) Orbexilum pedunculatum var pedunculatum Sampson's Snakemoot W7 - SI G5T5? M: open woodlands (Cherokee, Orange*, Trans ylvan ia*) Oxypolis ternnata Savanna Cowbane I WI FSC S3 G3 CS: pine savannas, sandhill seeps (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Duplin*, Harnett, Hoke, Jones*, Lee*, Martin*, Moore, Onslow, Pender, Pitt*, Scotland)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 77 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Panaxquinquefolius Ginseng W5B-SC - S4 G3G4 MPC: cove forests, other rich forests (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caswell, Cherokee, Clay, Davidson*, Durham, Graham, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Lee, Macon, Madison, Martin*,McDowell, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell, Moore, Orange, Polk, Randolph, Rockingham, Rutherford, Stokes, Sury, Swain, Transylvania, Wake, Watauga, Wilkes, Yancey) Panax trifolius Dwarf Ginseng Wl S3 G5 MP: cove forests, northern hardwoods, other rich forests (Ashe, Buncombe, Caldwell*, Caswell, Cherokee, Clay, Durham, Graharm Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Orange, Swain*, Wake, Watauga*) Parietariafloridana Florida Pellitory W4 - SE? G5 TC: shell middens, disturbed sites, maritime forests (New Hanover*) Parietariapensylvanica Pennsylvania Pellitory W7 - S2 G5 PMC: slopes and bottomlands, usually over calcareous or mafic rocks (Anson*, Bertie*, Buncombe*, Harnett, Haywood, Madison, Martin*, Mitchell *) Paronychiamontana Mountain Nailwort W7 - Si? G4 P: rocky slopes (Alexander, Cherokee*, Henderson*, Tmnsylvania¶ Partheniurn integrifolium varmabryanum Mabry's Wild Quinine WI - S3 G5T3 SPC: savannas, pocosin edges, upland pine-o ak woods (B lade n*, Craven*, Cumberland, Franklin*? Harnett, Hoke, Johnston*, Lee*, Moore, Richmond,Scotland, Union*, Wake*) Paspalum bifldum Pitchfork Crown Grass WI S3 G5 SC: sandhills and savannas (Brunswick*, Craven, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Jones*, Montgomery*, Moore, Richmond, Scotlmd) Paspalumfluitans Horsetail Crown Grass W7 Si G5 CP: seepage areas in swamp forests (Bladen*, Forsyth*, Martin*, Wake*) Paspalumpraecox Early Crown Grass Wl - S2S3 G4 C: limesink ponds and savannas (Bertie*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, timberland, Dare*, Duplin*, Hoke, Lee*, Martin*, New Hanover, On slow, Pamlico*, PenderRichmond) Paspalumpubiflorum Hairy-seed Crown Grass W7 Si? G5 MP: open areas (Haywood*, Madison*, Stokes*, Yadkin*) Paspalum vaginatum Seashore Crown Grass W3 - SIS2 G5Q CPT: brackish marshes, low wet places (Beaufort*, Brunswick*, Carteret, Craven*, Hyde, Iredell*, Pamlico*) Paxistimacanbyi Canby's Mountain-lover W4 FSC SE G2

78 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: rock outcrops (counties of alleged native occurrence unknown) (counties of alleged native occurrence unknown) Pediomelum canercens Buckroot WI - S3 G3G4 SC: sandhills (Bladen*, Brunswick, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland). Pellaea atropurpurea Purple-stem Cliffbrake Wl - S3 G5 MPC: limestone outcrops (Buncombe,~ Cherokee, Forsyth*, Haywood*, Jackson, Jones*, Macon*, Madison, McDowell*, Mitchell', Swain, Transylvania, Wake*, Yadkin*) Penstemon smallii Small's Beardkngue W7 - S3 G3 M: rock outcrops and thin fbrests (Ashe, Avery*, Buncombe*, Burke*, Caldwell*, Graham*, Haywood*, Maconn*, Madisonn*, Mi tchell*, P olk*, Rutherford*, Watauga) Perseaborbonia Upland Red Bay W7 - S2 G5 TC: sandy up land soils in maritime forests (Brunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onsl ow*) Phaceliamaculata Spotted Phacelia W3 Si G3? P: granite flatrocks and creek bottomlands (Cleveland*) Phanopyrumgymnocarpon Savanna Panic Grass W7 - Si? G5 C: low woods (Bertie*, Columbus*, Leno ir*, P itt*) Phaseolussinuatus Sandhills Bean Wl - S3 04T3? SC: sandhills (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Richmnnd, Scotland) Philadelphus hirsutus Streamnbank Mock Orange W7 - S2 G5 MP: bluffs, cliffs, and rocky woods, mainly over mafic or calcareous rocks (Buncombe, Graham*, Madison, Mitchell*, Polk, Rulherford) Philadelphusinodorus Scentless Mock Orange Wl - S3 G4G5 MP: bluffs, cliffs, and rocky woods, mainly over mnafic or calcareous rocks (Avery*, Bladen*, Buncombe*, Burke 6, Cabarrus*, Cherokee*, Cleveland*, Foisyth*, Haywood, lredell*,Madison*, Orange*, Polk, Randolph, Rutherford, Stanly, Swain*, Wilkes) Phlox amplifolia Largeleaf Phlox Wl - S2 G3G5 M: hardwood forests -on mafic rock (Buncombe*, Graham, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon, Madison*, Mitchell*, Swain, Watauga*, Yancey*) Phlox divaricatassp divaricata Wild Blue Phlox W7 - S2 GST3T5 M: rich deciduous forests (Henderson 6 , Madison*, Rutherford*, Swain, Transylvania 6, Watauga*) Phlox divaricatassp laphamii Wild Blue Phlox W7 - SI G5T3T5 C: rich levee and slope forests (Halifax, Northampton)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 79 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Physalis lanceolatasensu stricto Sandhill Ground Cherry WIl- S2? G3Q SC: sandhills (Cumberland*, Hamett*, Hoke, Lee*, Montgomery*, Moore, New Hanover*, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson*, Scot land, Wayne*) Phytolacca rigida Maritime Pokeweed W7 S2 G4Q T: dunes, edges ofbrackish or salt marshes (Brunswick, Carteret, Dare*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender) Pierisfloribunda Mountain Fetterbush WI - S2S3 S4 M: high elevation balds (Buncombe*, Burke*, Jackson*, Haywood*, Macon*, Stokes*, Surry*, Transylvania, Watauga*) Platantherablephariglottis White-fringe Oichis W7 - S3? W7 MPCS: Bogs or depressions in peaty soil (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick*, Carteret*, Cumberland*, Dare*, Duplin*, Gates *, Henderson*, Johnston*, Jones*, Martin*, Moore*, New Hanover*, Nash*, Onslow*, Pamlico*, Pender*, Richmond*, Robeson*, Scotland*, Tyrel*, Wake*, Wils on*) Poanemoralis Forest Bluegrass W7 - Si? G5 M: sandy creek bottoms (Haywood*) Polemonium reptans Jacob's-ladder W7 Si G5 PM: rich woods (Buncombe*, Rockingham, Stokes*, Watauga*) Polygala senega Seneca Snakeroot  : W7 - S2S3 G4G5 MP: woodlands and in thin soil around outcrops, usually over mafic or calcareous rocks (Ashe, Buncombe, Burke*, Clay*, Durharn*, Forsyth*, Guilford*, Henderson*, Jackson*,McDowell, Orange*, Madison*, Mitchell*, Montgomery, Rand olph*, Rutherford, Stanly*, Surry*, Swain*, Wake*, Watauga*) Polygonella americana American Jointweed W4 - SE? G5 S: sandhills (Hoke, Richmond, Scotland) Polygonellagracilis Lesser Jointweed W4 - SE? G4G5 S: dry sandy areas (Hoke) Polygonum erectum Erect Knotweed W7 - SIS2 G5 MP: open places (Al amance*, Avery*, Cherokee*, Clay*, Jackson*, Madison*, Surry*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Polygonum ramossisum varprol/icum Bushy Knotweed W7 - St G5T4T5 T: brackish marsh (Dare) Polygonum scandens var cristatum Climbing Buckwheat W7 - S2? G5T5 PMC: moist forests, especially alluvial forests (Alexander*, Burke, Granvi He*, Haywood*, Iredell*, Macon*, Onslow,* Orange*, Stokes*, Wake*, Wilkes*) Polygonum tenue Glade Knotweed W7 - S2? GS MP: glades and other thin soil over mafic rock (Alexander, Ashe*, Buncombe*, Burke, Durham*,

80 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientifc Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Forsyth*, Granville, Henderson*, Macon*, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*, Orange*, Rockingham*,Stanly*, Wilkes) Polymnia canadensis Canada Leaf-cup W7 - S2 G5 M: moist, rich forests, especially over calcareous rock (especially over calcareous rocks)) Populus grandidentata Bigtooth Aspen W7 - S2 G5 M: dry ridges and macky woods (Alleghany*, Ashe, Haywood*, Polk, Swain, Wi Ikes, Yancey*) Prosartesmaculata Nodding Mandarin WI - S3 G3G4 M: drier cove forests and northern hardwood forests, ridgesides (Buncombe, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, Madison, Yancey) Prunus alabamensis Alabama Black Cherry W7 - Sl G4 C:sandywoodlands (Washington*) Prunusalleghaniensis Allegheny Sloe W7 FSC SH G4 M: rocky forests (Ash e*) Prunus nigra Canada Plum W7 - SI G4G5 MP: rich forests (Davie*, Mecklenburg*, Montgomery*, Orange*, Polk*, Stanly*) Prunus umbellata Hog Plum W7 - S2 G4G5 PSC: rocky or sandywoodlands (Anson, Brunswick*, Burke, Cabamus *, Cle veland*, Robe son*, Rutherford, Stanly, Union*) Ptelea trifoliata Wafer-ash W7 - S2 G5 MPC: rich woods, cliffs and rock exposures mainly over mafic or calcareous rocks (Alexander, Ashe, Brunswick*, Burke, Cabarrus, Cleveland, Cumberland*, Forsyth*, Franklin*, Granville*, Guilford,Jones, Madison*, Montgomery, New Hanover*, Rodcingham, Rutherford, Wake, Wilkes) Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Basil Mountain-mint W3 SR G2 habitat in North Carolinanot known Pycnanthemum setosum Awned Mountain-mint W7 S2 G3? C: pinelands (Bladen*, Brunswick, Hertford*, Hyde*, Pasquotank*, Perquirmans*, Robeson*, Tyrrell*) Pyrola americana American Shinleaf Wl - S2 G5 MPC: forests (Ashe,Bladen*, Durham*, Forsyth*, Granville*, Guilford*, Iredell*, Mitchell*, Orange, Person*, Rockingham*, Rowan, Wake*, Warren*) Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Wl - S2 G5 P: upland swamp forests (Davie*, Granville, Guilford*, Mecklenburg, Moore*, Nash *, Person, Rockingham, Rowan, Wake*, Wilson*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 81 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Quercus imbricaria Shingle Oak WI - S3 G5 MP: floodplain forests (Anson ', Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Jackson, Macon*, Mecklenburg*, Rockingham, Swain*, Wilkes*) Quercus minima Dwarf Live Oak W3 - SR GS C: Pine flatwoods and coastal fringe sandhills (New Hanover*) Quercusmuehlenbergii Chinquapin Oak WI - S2 G5 MP: calcareous fors ts and bluffs (Burke, Cabarrus*, Caswell, Cherokee, Guilford*, Jhckson, Madison, McDowell, Montgomery, Person, Polk, Rockingham, Rutherford*, Swain, Vance,Wake) Quercuspalustris Pin Oak W7 - SI G5 P: swamps (Caswell*, Chatham*, Davidson*, Davie,* Durham, Granville, Lee*, Orange*, Rowan*) Quercuspumila Running Oak W7 - S3? G5 C: sandy pinelands (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Columbus*, Duplin*, New Hanover*, Pender*, Robeson*, Union*,) Ranunculus allegheniensis Allegheny Mountain Buttercup 9 W7 - S2 G4G5 M: rich cove forests (Alleghany*, Ashe, Avery, Haywood *, Mit chel 1*, Watauga) Ranunculus laxicaulis Swamp Buttercup W7 - S2 G5? C: swamp forests, oepn wet areas (Bladen, Columbus, Halifax, Northampton) Rhynchospora careyana Carey's Beaksedge W7 - S? G4?Q C: limesink ponds (Brunswick, New Hanover, 0 nslow) Rhynchospora cephalanthavar attenuata Small Bunched Beaksedge WI - S3 GST3? S: boggy openings in streamhead pocosins (Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Scotland) Rhynchospora inundata Narrowfruit Beaksedge W7 - S3 G3G4 SC: limesink ponds, clay-based Carolina bays (Biunswick, Carteret, New Hanover, Onslow) Rhynchospora leptocarpa Brownish Beaksedge WI - S3 G3 S: boggy openings in streamhead pocosins, boggy beaverponds (Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Richmond, Scotland) Rhynchospora macrostachyavar colpophila Virginia Homed Beaksedge W7 SI? G4T3T4Q C: tidal freshwatermarshes (Chowan*) Rhynchospora microcarpa Southern Beaksedge W7 - S2 G5 CTP: maritime wet grasslands, clay-based Carolina bays, limesink ponds, swamp forests (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Dare*, Hyde *, Mec klenburg*, New Hanover", Scotland)

82 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Rhynchospora nitens Shortbeak Baldsedge WI - S3 G4? C: savannas, limesinks, other wet open places (Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven, Cumnberland, Hyde*, Johnston*, Onslow, Pender, Scotland) Rhynchosporapallida Pale Beaksedge WI - S3 G3 CS: savannas, sandhill seeps, and pocosins (Beaufort*, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Duplin *, Edgecombe*, Harnett, Hoke, Jones*, Nash*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico*, Pender, Richmond, Scot land *, Wil son*) Rhynchospora stenophylla Littleleaf Beaksedge WI S3 G4 CS: savannas, seepage bogs (Carteret*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Onslow, Pender*, Richmond, Scotland) Rhynchospora wrightiana Wright's Beaksedge W7 S2S3 G5 C: savannas (Brunswick*, Carteret, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, New Hanover, Onslow, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland, Wayne*) Robiniahispida var rosea Boynton's Locust W7 - S2? G4T3? MP: open woods (Alexander*, Alleghany*, Buncombe*, Burke'?, Catawoa*?, Henderson*, Macon*, Stanly*, Wilkes*) Robinia viscosa Clammy Locust W7 - S3 G3 MP: open woods (Buncombe*, Burke*, Haywood*, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon, McDowell*, Moore*, Yancey*) Rudbeckia laciniatavar humilis a coneflower W7 - S2? G5T3? M: seeps and creekbanks at high elevations Rudbeckia trilobavar rupestris a coneflower W7 - S2? G4G5T3? M: forests at high elevations Rumex altissimus Pale Dock W7 - S2? G5 CPM: low wet places (Dare*, Durham*, Guilford*, Iredell*, Johnston*, Madison*, McDowell*, Wake*, Warren*, Wilson*) Sabatiacampestris Prairie Sabatia W4 - SH G5? M: forest edges (Haywood*) Sabatiacapitata Rose Gentian W3 - SR G2 M: habitat in North Carolina not known (Cherokee*?) Sabatiadodecandra Large Marsh Pink W1 - S3? G5? C: tidal, brackish, and freshwater marshes (B eaufort*, Brun swick*, Carteret*, Craven*, Currituck*, Dare*, Hyde*, Jones*, New Han over*, Pamlico*, Pasquotank*, Tyrell*,) Sabatia quadrangula Four-angle Sabatia W7 S2 G4G5

   .PCS: sandhills, low woods pocosin edges (Bertie*, Durham*, Granville, Halifax*, Johnston*, Orange*, Person*,

Randolph*, Rowan*, Scotland*, Stanly*, Wake, Wayne*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 83 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank

 -     Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence)                            N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Saginaprocumbens                                Northern Pearlwort             W4    -    SEI  G5 M: high elevation disturbed sites (Mitchell)

Sagittariacalycinavar spongiosa Tidal Sagittaria W3 SR G5T4 TC: tidal freshwater to brackish marshes Sagittariaengelmanniana Englemann's Arrowhead WI - S2 G5? SCP: mostly blackwater streams and bogs (Carteret, Cmven*, Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore, Onslow, Richmond, Scotland) Sagittariaplatyphylla Delta Arrowhead W7 - Si G5 P: marshes (Union*) Sanguinariacanadensis Bloodroot W5B - Ss G5 MPC: mixed deciduous fbrests and wooded slopes Sanguisorbacanadensis Canada Burnet Wl S3 G5 M: bogs, seeps, rarely seepy exposed cliffs at high elevations (Alleghany, Ashe, Buncombe, aay, Hay)ood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon*, Transylvania, Yancey, Watauga) Sarraceniaflava Yellow Pitcher-plant W5B S3S4 G5? CSP: savannas, seepage bogs, and pocosins Sarraceniapurpurea ssp venosa Southern Purple Pitcher-plant W5B S3 G5T3T5 C: wet savannas, sandhill seepage bogs Sarraceniarubrassp rubra Sweet Pitcherplant W5B - S3 G3T3 C: sandhill seepage bogs, pocosins, wet savannas Saxifraga careyana Carey Saxifrage W7 - S3 G3 M: seepy rockfaces (Ashe*, Avery*, Buncombe, Grahanf", Hayvmood, Henderson*, Macon*, Madison*, Mitchell*, Polk, Rutherford, Swain*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Schizachyrium littorale Seaside Little Bluestein W7 - S3? G5T? T: coastal dunes and maritime dry grasslands (Carteret, Onslow, New Hanover) Schizaea pusilla Curly-grass fern W4 - SIS2 G5 C: open places (Brunswick) Schoenolirion croceum Sunnybell W3 SR G4 S: wet pinelands (Richmond*) Schoenoplectus americanus Olney Threesquare W7 - Si? G5 T: tidal marshes (Brunswick, Cateret, Dare*, Hyde*, OnIsow) Schoenoplectus californius California Bulrush W3 - SH G5 C: tidal marshes (New Hanover*) Scirpus divaricatus Spreading Bulrush W7 - S2? G5 C: swaMp forests (Co lumbus*, Cmven*, Edgecombe*, Jones*, Martin*, Nash*, Pamlico*, Pitt*, Sampson*, Wilson*)

84 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sclerolepis uniflora One-flower Hardscale W7 - S2? G4 C: clay-based Carolina bays, blackwater riwr foodplains, limesink ponds (Brunswick*, Columbus, Craven*, Duplin*, Harnett*, Hoke, Johnston *, Jones*, New Hanover*, Northampton*,Pender*, Scotland) Scutellariaaltamaha a skullcap W7 SI? G2G3 M: rock outcrops, woodlands (Haywood*, Henderson*) Scutellariaovata ssp bradeata Heart-leaved Skullcap W7 S2? G5T3T5 CP: rich woods on circurnmeutral soil (Anson*, bladen*, Burke*, Caswell, Chatham*, Granville, Halifax, Harnett, Moore, Northampton, Ridcmond, Wake, Wilkes*) Scutellariaovata ssp ovata Heart-leaved Skullcap W7 - SI G5T5 M: rich woods on circumneutral soil (Polk*) Scutellariaovata ssp rugosa Heart-leaved Skullcap W7 - SI G5T? PM: rich woods on circurmeutral soil (Haywood*, Mitchell*, Stanly*, Yancey*) Scutellariapseudoserrata False-teeth Skullcap W7 - SH G3 M: rocky woodlands (Macon*) Scutellariaserrata Showy Skullcap W7 - S2 G4G5 PM: deciduous forests (Alamance*, Alexander*, Buncombe*, Burke, Durham*, Guilford*, Lee*, Macon *, McDowell, Orange*, Rockingham*, Rutherford, Surry*, Swain*, Wake) Senecio glabellus Butterweed Wl - S3 GS C: blackwater swamps (Beaufort, Bladen, Brunswick*, Craven, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pamlico, Pender) Senecio obovatus Roundleaf Ragwodt W7 - S2 G5 M: wooded slopes, mostly over mafic rocks (Alexander, Ashe

• Burke, Clay*,

Cleveland, Graham, Jackson, Madison*, McDowell, Polk*, Rutherford, Swain) Senna hebecarpa Wild Senna W7 S2S3 G5 PM: forests (Buncombe*, Burke, Cabarrus *,Cherokee*, Davie*, Durham*, Guilford*, Henderson*, Iredell*, Lincoln*, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*, Montgomery*, Moore*, Orange*, Person*, Polk*,Randolph*, Rowan, Transylvania*, Wake*, Wilkes*) Sibbaldiopsis tridentata Mountain-cinquefoil Wl- S3 G5 M: grassy balds, high elevation rocky summits and glades (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Jackson, Haywood, Macon, McDowell, Mitchell, Transylvania, Watauga)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 85 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Sideroxylon lycioides Buckthorn Bumelia W7 - S2S3 GS TCP: maritime forests, bluffs or forests over calcareous or mafic rocks (Alexander*, Anson *, Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick, Cabarrus, Carteret*, Columbu s*, Craven*, Currituck*, Da m*,Johnston*, Jones*, Montgomery, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Rowan, Stanly*, Tyrrell*) Silene caroliniana Carolina Pink W7 SIS2 G5 PSC: granite flatrocks and sandy woods (Anson, Cumberland, Dare*, Franklin, Hoke, Lenoir*, Moore, Pitt*, Richmond, Stanly*, Union*, Wake) Silphium asleriscus var laevicaule Starry Rosinweed W7 S2 GST? PM: forests (Alamance*, Anson*, Cabarrs *, Chathamn*, Cleveland*, Davidson *,Gaston*, Granville*, Macon*, Mecklenburg*, Polk*, Richmond, Rowan*, Union*, Wake*) Smilax bilanoreana Biltmore Carrion-flower WI S3 G4? PM: dry to mesic ibrests, over felsic or mafic rocks (Buncombe, Cabarrus*, Catawba, Cleveland*, Gaston*, Henderson, Jackson, Lincoln*, Polk, Randolph*, Rutherford, Transylvania) Solidago argutavar arguta Forest Goldenrod W7 - S2? G5T4T5 MPC: forests Solidago curtisiivar. pubens. A Goldenrod W3 - Si G5T? MP: cove forests (Alleghany*, Avery*, Burke, Henderson*, Rutherfoid, Watauga*) Solidago lancifolia Lance-leaf Goldenrod W7- - S? G3G4Q M: moist forests, mostly over 5000 feet Solidago patulavar strictula Round-leaved Golden-md WI S2? G5T5 SC: pocosins, peaty places (Brunswick*, Cumberland, Hamett*, Hoke, Johnston*, Moore, Richmond, Scotland, Wake) Solidagopuberulavarpuberula Downy Goldenrod W7 - S2. GST4T5 MP: bogs and wet meadows (All eghany*, Avery*, Burke*, Cabamjus*, Haywood*, Hen derson*, Macon*, Mitchell*, Sury*, Transylvania*) Solidago ulmifolia Elm-leaf Goldenrod W7 Si G5 PM: wooded stream banks (Burke*, Chatham*, McDowell*, Mon tgomery*, Wake*) Spergulariamarina Saltmarsh Sandspurrey W7 SIS2 GS T: salt marshes and tidal flats (Brunswick*, Carterel, Currituck*, Dare*, Hyde*, Pamlico*) Sphenopholis intermedia Prairie Wedgescale W7 S2 G5 MPC: rich woods (Ashe*, Cabarrus*, Caldwell*, Graham*, Guilford*, Haywood*, Madison*, Martin*, Mitchell *, Stokes*) Spiraea alba var. alba Narrowleaf Meadowsweet W7 - S2? G5

86 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: bogs (Alleghany,Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Clay*, Henderson, Jackson*, Macon*, Transylvania*, Wilkes*) Spiraea latifolia Broadleaf Meadowsweet W7 - S2? 05 M: bogs (Al leghany*, Ashe, Avery*, Jackson*, Macon, Sury*, Transylvania*) Spiranthes eatonii Eaton's Ladies'-tresses W7 - SIS2 G2G4 CS: pine savannas and pine-oak sandhills (Onslow) Spirodelapolyrrhiza Common Water-flaxseed W7 - S2? G5 C: pools, stagnant waters Sporoboluspinetorum Carolina Dropseed WI - S3 G3 CS: wet savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Duplin, Green e*, Hamett, Ho ke, Jones *, Lenoir*, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Robeson*, Sampson*, Scotland) Stachys tenuifolia var tenuffolia Smooth Hedge-nettle W7 Si G5T4Q C: swamp forests, edges of bottonlands (Bertie, Northampton) Stellaria corei Core's Starwort WI 53 G4 MP: coves, seeps, northern hardwood forests (Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell*, Catawba*, Clay, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon, Mitchell, Polk, Swain, Watauga, Yancey*) Streptopus roseus var roseus Southern Twisted-stalk W7 - SI? G5T3? M: high elevation ibrests, mainly northern hardwoods and spruce-fir Syngonanthusflavidulus .Yellow Hatpins WI - S3 G5 C: ditches, pocosin ecotones, savannas (Bladen, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Cumberland, New Hanov er*, Onlsow, Pender, Sampson*) Thalictrum steeleanum Steele's Meadowrue W2 - Sl G3Q M: rich mountain slopes (Watauga) Thermopsis villosa Aaron's-rod W7 - S2? G3? M: forests and openings (Avery*, Cherokee*, aay*, Gsaham, Haywood, Jackson*, Macon, Madison*, Suny*, Swain*, Transylvania) Thuja occidentalis American Arborvitae . W4 - SE? G5 M: calcareous rocks? (no known and documented native occurrences in North Carolina) (no known and documented native occurrences)) Tilia americanavar americana American Basswood W7 Si? G5T5 MP: rich cove forests (Davidson*, Swain*, Wake*, Watauga*) Tofieldia glabra Carolina Asphodel WI - S3 G3 CS: savannas, sandhill seeps, moist sandhill/pocosin ecotones (Beaufort, Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, Craven*, Cumberland, Hamett, Hoke, Johnston*, Jones, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Richmond, Sampson, Scotland,Wilson*) Triadenum tubulosum a St. John's-wort W3 - SR G4? C: wet sites, pools (Dare*?, Forsyth*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 87 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Trichomanes intricatum Grotto-felt W7 - S2 G3G4 M: moist grottoes (Burke, Jackson*, Macon, Transylvania*, others) Trichostema setaceum Narrowleaf Bluecurls W7 S2 G5 SPC: dry woodlands, granite flatrocks (Alexander, Cleveland*, Cumberland*, Durham*, Franklin, Gates*, Granville, Henderson*, Madison*, Mecklenburg*, Moore*, Richmond*,Rowan*, Wake) Trifolium reflexum Buffalo Clover W7 SIS2 G5 PMSC: open woods and clearings (Bun comb e*, Cabarrus*, C aswel 1*, Chatham*, Cherokee, Durham, Granville, Halifax*, Iredell*, John ston *, Lee *,Madison *, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*,Montgomery, Moore*, NewrHanover*, Orange, Polk*, Randolph*, Richmond*, Rowan*, Rutherford*, Stokes*, Wale, Yadkin) Trillium catesbaei Catesby's Trillium W5B - S4 G4 PCM: bottomland forests, mesic slopes, cove forests, and alluvial woods Trillium cuneatum Little Sweet Trillium W5B - S3 G4G5 PM: cove forests, moist slopes, and bottomlands; usually on circumneutral to basic soil (Anson, Catawba, Davidson, Grahanm Guilford, Henderson, Iredell, McDowell, Montgomery, Orange, Polk, Randolph, Richmond, Rowan, Rulierford, Stanley, Swain) Trillium erectum IlI-scent Trillium W5B - S5 G5 M: wooded slopes, usually at middle to high elevations Trillium grandiforum Large-flower Trillium W5B - S5 G5 MP: rich coves and mesic slopes Trillium luteum Yellow Trillium W5B - S2S3 G4 M: moist coves over mafic or calcareous rocks Trillium rugelii Southern Nodding Trillium W7 S2? G3 PM: rich woods and coves over mafic and calcareous rocks (Buncombe, Burke, Davie*, Guilford*, HIywood, Henderson*, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*, Polk, Richmond, Yanc ey) Trillium undulatum . Painted Trillium W5B - I S4 G5 M: acidic soils 6fi ridges, slopes, and bog margins, mostly at high elevations Triosteum angustifolium Narrowleaf Tinker's-weed W7 - S2? G5 P: thin woodlands over mafic rocks (Cabarrus*, Durham, Granville, Guilford*, Mecklenburg*, Orange*, Randolph*, Richmond) Triosteum aurantiacum Coffee Tinker's-weed W7 S2? G5 M: rich cove fonrests over mafic rocks (Ashe, Clay*, Graham*, Haywood*, Iredell*, Jackson, Macon, McDowell*, Mecklenburg*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga*) Triphora trianthophora Three Birds Orchid W7 - S2?- G3G4

88 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global MC: moist forests (Ashe*, Buncombe, Burke, Carteret, Clay, Dare*, Forsyth*, Graham, Haywood, Henderson*, Jackson*, Macon*, Northampton*, Polk*, Rutherford*, Swain*,Transylvania*, Yancey*) Tsuga caroliniana Carolina Hemlock W5A - S3 G3 MP:open forests on ridgetops, rocky bluffs, or gorge walls ( all mountain coun ties, Alexander, M eckl enburg*, Stokes, Surry) Typha domingensis Southern Cattail W7 S2? G4G5 CT: brackish marshes (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret*, Dare, Hyde*, New Hanoverr*, Paamlico*, Pender*) Utriculariafoliosa Leafy Bladderwort W3 SR G5 C: habitat in North Carolina not known Vaccinium hirsutum Hairy Blueberry Wl - S3 G3 M: ridgetop red oak forests, oak hickory forests, pine oak heath (Cherokee, Graham, Swain) Valerianellaumbilicata Woodland Cornsalad W7 - Sl G3G5 PM: rich woods and disturbed sites (Forsyth'*, Randolph*, Stokes*, Swain*) Verbena scabra Sandpaper Vervain W7 - S2? G5 CT: marsh edges, shell middens (Bladen*, Brunswick*, Carteret*, Chowan*, Currituck*, Hyde*, New Hanover*, Onslow*, Pender, Pitt) Verbena stricta Hoary Vervain W7 - SI G5 C: disturbed sites (Onslow*) Verbesina helianthoides a crownbeard W3 - SR G5 M: open woods and glades Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue Water Speedwell W7 Si G5 M: bogs, streambanks, rivulets (Avery, Madi son*, Mitchell *) Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's-root W7 - S2? G4 MP: bogs, wet meadows, dry soils over mafic rocks (Alleghany*, Ashe, Avery*, Bun combe*, Durham* Forsyth*, Granville, Jackson, Madison*, Orange*, Person*, Vance, *; i Yancey*, Wake) Vigna luteola Wild Cowpea W7 - Si? G5 C: marsh edges, wet open areas (Brunswick, New Hanover*) Viola brittoniana Northern Coastal Violet W7 - S2? G4G5 CSP: moist slopes and low wet places (Brunswick*, Chowan*, Columbus, Cumberland*, Currituck*, Gates*, Harnett*, Hertford*, Jones, Montgomery*, Moore*, Northampton*,Perquimans*, Pitt*, Richmond*, Robeson*, Wake*, Washington*)

NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 89 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence)

• N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Viola conspersa American Dog Violet W7 S2? G5 MP: rich cove forests, bottomlands and seepage slopes (Alleghany*,

Alexander', aywood *, Iredell*, Macon*, McDoweDI*, Mitch eD*, Rowan*, Rutherford, Wilkes*) Viola villosa Carolina Violet W7 Si? G5 CSP: moist places, especially pocosin edges (Anson*, Bladen*, Cunberland, Hoke, New Hanover*, Onslow*, Richmond, Scotland) Vittariaappalachiana Appalachian Ganetophyte W7 S2S3 G4 MP: moist grottoes (Burke, Jackson, Macon, Stokes, Transylvania, others) Waldsteiniafragarioidessspfragarioides Northern Barren-strawberry W7 - SI? G5T5 P: forests and streambanks Xerophyllum asphodeloides Beargrass WI - S3 G4 MP: dry ridges, heath balds, pine-oak heaths (Avery, Burke, Catawba, Clay, Cleveland, GasbnS, McDowell, Mitchell*, Rutherford, Stokes, Transylvania, Yancey*) Xyris difformis var curtissii Curtiss's Yellow-eyed-grass WI - S2? G5T5 CSP: savannas, bogs and other wet areas (Brunswick, Cart eret *, Cho wan*, Columbus*, Cumberland, Hoke, Iredell*, Moore*, Nash*, New Hanover, Onslow, Pender, Richmond,Scotland*, Wake*, Wilson*) Xyris iridifolia Iris-leaf Yellow-eyed-grass W7 - SI G4G5T4T5 CS: limesink ponds, pineland pools, marshes (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret*, Columbus*, Craven, Duplin*, Hamett*, Jones*, Onslow,

   .Pender, Robeson)

Xyris smalliana Small's Yellow-eyed-grass W7 - 53 G5 CS: pineland pools, limesink ponds, shores (Bnmswick, Carter et*, Columbus, Craven*, New Hanover*, Onslow, Richmond) Yucca aloffolia Aloe Yucca W7 - S2? G5 T: dunes (Brunswick*, Carteret, Dare, Hyde, Pender) Yuccaflaccida Weakleaf Yucca W7 - Si G5 CSPM: open, dry woodlands (Burke, Catawba, Cherokee *, Jackson *,Lee*, Lenoir*, McDowell) Zannichelliapalustris Homed Pondweed W7 - S2? G5 TC: calcareous orbrackish waters of pools and estuaries (Brunswick*, Craven, Cumtuck*, Dare*, Hyde*, Pamilico*, TyrreDI*) Zanthoxylum americanum American Prickly-ash W3 - SR GS M: rich woodlands, over calcareous or mafic rocks (Buncombe*, Jackson*?, Transylvania*) Zizania aquatica Wild Rice W7 - S2 G5 C: freshwater marshes (Beaufort*, Brunswick, Carteret*, Chowan*, Craven, Dare, Gates, Jones, New Hanover, Pender, Washington)

90 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF IHE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Na'me Common Name Status Rank Provi:nce: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) _ _ N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Zosterella dubia Water Stargrass W3 Sl? G5 M: sluggish streams (Aleghany*) Mosses Brothera leana a moss W7 - S2? G3G4 MP: on logs in forests; on thin soil around rock o utcrops (Ashe, Avery, Burke*, Haywood*, Jackson*, McDowell*, Rutherford*, Stokes, Surry, Watauga*) Cryphaearavenelii a moss W7 - S2? G3? PC: on bark oftrees (An son*, Chatham*, Durham*, Halifax*, Hamett*, Hertford*,Person*) Fissidensappalachensis Appalachian Pocket Moss W7 - S2S3 G2G3 M: submerged in rapids of moderate ib high elevation mountain streams (Buncombe*, Caldwell*, Jackson*, Macon*, McDowell*, Swain*,Watauga*) Fissidens exilis Small Pocket Moss W7 - SIS2 G3G4 P: stream banks (Cleveland, Durham, Gaston*?) Neckera complanata a moss W7 - Si G5 M: on calcareous rocks in humid gorges (Jackson*) Polytrichum appalachianum [= Polytrichum xanthopilum] Appalachian Haircap Moss WI - S3 G3 MP: rocky summits, mostly in high elevations (Ashe, Avery, Buncombe*, Burke*, Haywood*, Jackson, Macon*,Mitchell, Stokes, Transylvania*, Watauga, Yancey*) Sphagnum macrophyllum var.floridanum Florida Peatmoss W7 - S3 G3T3 CS: in blackwater streams; ditches (Beaufort*, Bladen, Brunswick*, Carteret*, Craven*, Duplin*, Sampson*) Taxiphyllum cuspidifolium [= Isopterygiumc.] a moss W7 Si G2G4 M: on limestone in spray zones of waterfalls (Macon*) Tortellaflavovirens Beach Moss W7 S3 G4G5 T: dune swales (Brunswick, Carteret*, Dare, Hyde) Hornwort and Liverworts Aspiromitus adscendens [= Anthoceros adscendens] a hornwort W7 - S2? G3? CP: old fields (Bladen*, Columbus*, Durham*, Jones*, Wilson*) Barbilophozia attenuata [= Lophczia attenuata] a liverwort W7 - S2 G5 M: on rocks in spruce-fir forests (Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Transylyania*, Yancey*) Cephaloziella massalongi a liverwort W7 - SI G3G5 M: high elevation rocky summits (Swain*) Cephaloziellaobtusilobula a liverwort W2 FSC SH GHQ

NATURAL HERITAGE PRM)RAI /I LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientific Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global M: high elevation cliffs or other moist rocks (Burke*, Macon*) Cololejeunea ornata aaliverwort W3 SI G2G4 M: on limestone (Jackson*) Cylindrocolea andersonli aaliverwort W2 FSC SH GHQ C: banks of blackwater rivers (Sampson *) Diplophyllum andrewsii aaliverwort W7 - S2 G3 M: on soil or rocks on banks (Avery*, Buncombe*, Burke*, Graham*, Jackson, Macon*, McDowell*, Swain*, Yancey*) Diplophyllum taxifolium var taxifolium aaliverwort W7 - S2? G5T5 M: crevices and underledges of rock outcrops, mostly in spruce-fir forests at high elevations (Ashe*, Buncombe*, Burke*, Caldwell*, Clay*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Yancey*) Dumortiera hirsutassp nepalensis aaliverwort Wl - SI G5T5 M: in grottoes behind waterfalls in humid gorges (Graham*, Jackson*, Macon*) Frullaniaoakesiana a liverwort W7 - SIS2 G4 M: on bark of conifers or deciduous trees at high elevations (Avery*, Buncombe*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, McDowell*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Frullaniaplana aaliverwort W7 - S2 G4 MP: on rock outcrops in gorges or near rivers (Burke*, Durham*, Graham*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Macon*, McDowell*, Polk*, Stoke s*) Lobaria scrobiculata Textured Lungwart W7 S 2?G3G4 M: on bark ofhardwoods at high elevations (primarily spruce-fir zone) (Haywood *, Jackson *, Mac on*, Mitchell *,Swain*, Yancey*) Lophozia capitata a liverwort W7 - SI G4 CPM: in moist depressions in savannas or on clay-pans in the piedmont, rock outcrops (Durham*, Jones*, Onslow*, Orange*, Watauga) Mannia triandra a liverwort W7 - SI G3G4 M: on limestone (McDowell*) Metzgeriafurcatavar setigera a liverwort W7 - Si GSTI M: damp shaded rocks at high elevations in spruce-fir forests or in humid gorges (Caldwell

• Swain*)

Metzgena pubescens a liverwort W7 - SH G5 M: on bark of trees (Buncombe*, Swain*) Metzgeria uncigera a liverwort W7 - Sl G3 CTM: on bark in maritime forests or on rhododendron in mountain forests (Brunswick, Carteret*, Gates*, Graham*, Hyde*, New Hanover*, Paml ico*) Notothylas orbicularisvarpseudotemperata a hornwort W2 - Si G5TIQ C: damp mineral soil (Columbus*)

92 NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2004 Scientifc Name Common Name Status Rank Province: Habitat (Counties of occurrence) N.C. U.S. N.C. Global Pelliaappalachiana a liverwort W2 Si? GI? MPC: on moist rock outcrops, usually near waterfalls (Hamett*, Macon*, Wake*) Plagiochilacolumbiana a liverwort W2 FSC SH GHQ P: on thin soil over boulders on floodplains (Durham*, Orange*) Plagiochilaundatassp undata a liverwort W7 S2 G4 CMP: on rocks or bark (Anson*, Chatham*, Columbus *, Durham*, Madison*, McDowell*, Orange*, Polk*, Stanly*) Plagiochilavirginicavar euryphylla a liverwort W2 - SH G3THQ M: rockfaces in the sprayzone of waterfalls (Transylvania*) Ptilidiumpulcherrimum a liverwort W7 - Si G5 MP: on bark of trees inmoist forests (Ashe, Avery*, Gaston, Haywood*, Mitchell *,Watauga*) Radula tenax a liverwort W7 - S2 G3G4 M: on moist rocks orbark in humid gorges and cove forests (Ashe *, Buncombe*, Burke*, Caldwell*, Jackson*, Macon*, Mitchell*, Swain*, Transylvania*, Watauga*, Yancey*) Reboulia hemisphaericassp dioica a liverwort W7 - S1 G5T2?Q M: in spray zone ofwaterfalls in humid gorges (Macon*) Ricciocarpusnatans a liverwort WI - Si G5 C: floating in shaded ponds or pools (Dare*) Lichens Cladinaevansii Green Reindeer Lichen W7 - S2 G4G5 C: sandhills (primarily near the coast) usually associated with Quercus geminata (Bladen*, Brunswick, Carteret, Craven*, Jones, Onslow, New Hanover, Pender) Ochrolechiayasudae Coral Saucer Lichen W7 - Si? G3G4 M: on bark or rock (Ashe*, Bun combe*, Macon*) Platismatiaglauca Varied Rag Lichen W7 S2 G5 M: on bark of spruce, fir, or hardwoods in the spruce-fir zone (Avery*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Swain*, Yancey*) Porpidiacineroatra a crustose lichen W7 - Si G5? M: high elevation rocky summits (Mitchel l*) Porpidiamacrocarpa a crustose lichen W7 - SI? G4 M: high elevation rocky summits (Mitchell*) Porpidiatuberculosa a crustose lichen W7 - Sl G? M: high elevation rocky summits (Mitchell*) Puncteliareddenda a foliose lichen W7 - S2 G5 M: on bark ofhardwoods at high elevations (generally spruce-fir zone) (Bun comb e*, Haywood*, Jackson*, Swain*, Yancey*)

93 Watch Category 6 (W6 - regionally rare) includes species which are rare in one region of North Carolina, while being uncommon to abundant within another region. These regional rarities, generally within-state disjuncts, are significant for protection of genetic variation and long-term viability of species. A list of North Carolina's rare plants is, of course; determined by the arbitrary, political boundaries of the state. Biological rarity, however, is determined by the natural boundaries of physiography, geology, soils, and climate. These and other physical, biological, and historic factors have determined the evolutionary history and phytogeography of plants currently occupying what is now called "North Carolina." Rarity in one part of the state

 ' especially when disjunct from the region of greater abundance  can have as much biological significance as disjunctions from another state. Disjunct populations nearly always have some level of genetic differentiation from populations in the main part of a species' range. If this genetic differentiation is great enough ' and obvious enough '9 the disjunct population may be recognized as a separate species, subspecies, or variety. In many cases, however, the genetic differentiation is not great enough (or is not obvious enough with the relatively crude taxonomic tools which have been applied to most taxa) to have warranted the naming of a distinct taxon. Further study will likely show that many disjunct populations do warrant taxonomic status. Preservation of biodiversity requires not only preventing the extinction of species, but also maintaining genetic diversity within the species.

The long-term viability of a species is dependent on the genetic diversity represented within and between different populations of the species. Disjunct and peripheral populations are especially likely to contain genetic material rare or absent in the bulk of the species' populations. Moreover, within-state disjunctions are likely to serve as indicators of regionally unique or unusual habitats. Attention to such species is especially important in county natural area inventories and regional planning. The following list of Watch Category 6 plants is not exhaustive, but represents some of the most important and significant within-state disjunctions. An emphasis has been placed on species which are disjunct rather than peripheral Y that is, which have a demonstrable gap in their North. Carolina ranges. Examples are Rhododendron catawbiense, which is rather common at high to medium elevations in the mountains, but occurs in small, disjunct populations in the lower Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain, and Pogonia ophioglossoides, a primarily Coastal Plain species, occurring in rare bogs in the mountains. JNTAINS Aristida virgata Orontium aquaticum Bartonia virginica Platantheracristata [= Habenariacristata] Braseniaschreberi Pogonia ophioglossoides Calopogon tuberosus Pycnanthemumflexuosum Cardamine bulbosa Rhync hospora gracilenta Chamaedaphnecalyculata [' Cassandracalyculata] Sabatia brachiata Clematis crispa Sium suave Coreopsis gladiata Smilax la urifolia Cuscuta corylii Sphagnum cuspidatum Eriocaulon compressum Sphagnum strictum Eriocaulon decangulare Sphagnum tenerum Eryngium integrifohum Toxicodendron vernix [= Rhus vernix] Gaylussacia dumosa Triadenum virginicum [ Hypericum virginicun] Justicia americana Utriculariabiflora [including U. gibba] Kalmia carolina [= K. angustfolia var caroliniana] Utriculariasubulata Lespedeza angustifolia

94 Watch Category 6 cont. PIEDMONT Aconitum uncinatum [lower Piedmont only] Paronychiaargyrocoma Actaea pachypoda Phalarisarundinacea Aralia nudicaulis Pierisfloribunda Aralia racemosa Pinus strobus [lower Piedmont only] Asplenium montanum [lower Piedmont only] Platantheraflavavarflava [= Habenariaflavavarf.] Berchem ia scandens Pogonia ophioglossoides Campanulastrum americanum [= Campanula Rhododendron catawbiense americanum] Carex torta Rhynchospora chalarocephala Cornus alternifolia Salix hum ilis Dicentra cucullaria Sarraceniaflava Dryopterisintermedia Sarraceniapurpurea Eleocharismicrocarpa Saxifraga micran thidifolia Eriocaulon compressum Scirpus pungens [= S. americanusin RAB] Eryngium integrifolium Sium suave Hydrophyllum canadense Smilax la urifolia Hydrophyllum virginianum Symplocarpusfoetidus Lachnocaulon anceps Tsuga canadensis [lower Piedmont only] Diphasiastrumtristachyum [ Lycopodium t:J Xyris baldwiniana Magnolia virginiana Xyris curtissii Myrica heterophylla Xyris jupicai SANDHILLS COASTAL PLAIN Comptoniaperegrina Anemone quinquefolia Drosera rotundifo lia Aster cordifolius Leiophyllum buxifolium Castilleja coccinea Pinguicula caerulea Clematis ochroleuca Pleea ten uifolia Clematis virginiana Rhododendron catawbiense Delphinium tricorne Rhododendron minus Leiophyllum buxifolium Magnolia tripetala Pellaea atropurpurea Platantheralacera [= Habenarialacera] Stenanthium gramineum Viola blanda

95 PLANT TAXA ENDEMIC TO NORTH CAROLINA NC Status US Rank NC Rank Global Rank Allium sp I SR-L FSC Si GI Carex lutea E E Si GI Cladoniapsoromica SR-L FSC Si GI Hexastylis rhombiformis SR-L FSC S2 G2 Hudsonia montana E T Si GI Hypericum sp I SR-L FSC S2 G2 Isoetes microvela SR-L FSC Si GI Liatris helleri T-SC T S2 G2 Orbexilum macrophyflum E FSC SH GH Scleria sp I SR-L FSC Si GI Shortia galacifolia var brevis E-SC FSC Si G2TIQ Solidago plumosa E FSC SI GI Solidago viIlosicarpa E FSC Si GI Symphyotrichum sp I SR-L FSC Si GI

96 POTENTIAL NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA PLANTS The following list is of species not currently known to occur in North Carolina, but which are considered to have some possibility of being found in North Carolina , based on their currently known range and habitat preferences. Most are species which occur in the adjacent states of South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, or Virginia, in habitats at least relatively similar to habitats known to exist in North Carolina. The purpose of this list is to foster understanding of the flora of North Carolina by challenging botanists to find new state records; this list should give field investigators an idea of some of the species that may be native com ponents of North Carolina's flora. While some of these species may have relatively remote chances of being found in North Carolina, the likelihood of finding new state records is greatly increased by being aware of the possibilities and by species-directed searching. State records of native vascular plants are being found at the rate of about five per year. Our knowledge of North Carolina's flora is still imperfect, and many natural areas are being destroyed before they can beinvestigated; certainly a number of native species have been extirpated from North Carolina before they were ever documented as occurring in the state. Following each species is the North Carolina province in which the species is considered most likely to be found. Where possible, a description of the typical habitat of the species in the vicinity of North Carolina is also given. Sometimes, the nearest known occurrence(s) to North Carolina. are also listed, with the distance from North Carolina in number of counties in brackets. For instance [1] indicates that the species has been reported from a county immediately adjacent to North Carolina; [5] indicates that the species has been reported from a county five counties away from the North Carolina border. An average county width in and around North Carolina is about 25 miles, so[5] indicates an approximate distance from North Carolina of 100-125 miles. While distance from the state is an interesting piece of information, it is probably a poor indicator of the probability of occurrence in North Carolina, since long distance disjunctions to the mountains (from the north) and to the coastal plain (from the south) are frequent. In the coming years, some of the species on this list will almost certain ly be added to the flora of North Carolina. Agalinis auriculata(= Tomanthera a uriculata) - P (mafic glades) - York County, SC [I county] Ageratina luciaea-brauniae(= Eupatorium 1.) -M (bases of overhangingcliffs) -KY, TN Aletris obovata - C (savannas) - Beaufort County, SC [4] Alnus incanassp rugosa - M (moist mountain slopes) -Nelson County, VA [4] Amphianthus pusillus - P (pools on granitic flatrocks) - Lancaster County, SC [I ] Anemone canadensis - M - Rockingham County, VA [5] Antennaria virginica- MP (rock outcrops) - Carroll & Patrick counties, VA [I] Aralia hispida - M (dry rocky woods) - Augusta County, VA [4] Armoracia lacustris - C (shallow water) - Southampton County, VA [I] Asclepiascinerea- C (savannas) - Hampton & Jasper counties, SC [5] Asclepia s michauxii - C (savannas and pinelands) - Williamsburg & Florence counties, SC [2] Asclepias obovata - C (sandy pinelands) - Charleston County, SC [3] Asclepias perennis - C (swamp forests)- Marion County, SC [2) Aspleniu m septentrionale - M (rock outcrops) - Monroe County, WV [4] Asplenium trichomanes ssp quadrivalens- MP (calcareous outcrops) - Giles County, VA [3] Asplenium X trudellfi,- PM (moist cliffs, acidic outcrops and bluffs) - Pittsylvania & Lee counties, VA [1] Astragalus distortus - P (glades, dry shaly places) - Pittsylvania County, VA [1] Baptisiap erfoliata - SC (sandhills) - Lexington County, SC [4] Batis maritima - C (salt and brackish marshes) - Charleston County, SC [3] Berlandierapumila- S (sandywoods and fields) -Chesterfield & Darlington counties, SC [I] Bothriochloa saccharoides- M (dry openings) - TN Botrychium lunarioides - C (old fields, pastures) - Richland & Charleston counties, SC [3) Bouteloua curtipendula- PM (calcareous or mafic glades) - Pulaski & Montgomery counties, VA [2] Bromus kalmii - M - Augusta & Bath counties, VA [4] Carex brevior (C. molesta)- M (dry woods) - Wythe County, VA [2] Carex conjuncta - MC (mesic woods) - Southampton & Russell counties, VA [I] Carexpallescens - M (grassybalds) -Unicoi County, TN [I] Carex polymorpha - M (dry upland woods or wetland margins) - Augusta County, VA [4] Carex sp 3 - M (rich cove forests) - Oconee& Pickens counties, SC [I]

97 Carex vesicaria- M (bogs) - Grayson County, VA [I] Ceratiolaericoides - CS (sandhills) - Horry County, SC [1] Chamaecristanictiltans var aspera - C (savannas) - Charleston County, SC [3] Cheilanthescastanea- MP (dry, shaly outcrops) -Carroll, Pittsylvania,Pulaski & Montgomery counties, VA [l] Cheilanthesfeei - M (calcareous outcrops) - Pulaski County, VA [2] Cimicifuga rubifolia - M (cove forests) - Scott County, VA [2] Cirsium nuttallit - C (savannas, roadsides) -Marion County, SC; Southampton County & Virginia Beach, VA [1] Clematis reticulata- C - (dry sandy woods) - Darlington County, SC [2] Collinsia verna - M - (rich moist woods) - Smyth County, VA [2] Coreopsisgrandiflora var grandiflora- P (granite flatrocks) - Lancaster County, SC [ I] Coreopsis integrifolia - C (creekbanks and floodplains) - Berkeley County, SC [3] Coreopsis rosea - C (drawdownzones of blackwaterrivers, limesink ponds, Carolina bays) - Horry County, SC [1] Cornus canadensis- M (mountain forests) - Bath & Albemarle counties, VA [4] Cornus rugosa - M - Giles & Craig counties, VA [3] Cypripedium kentuckiense - M (forests) - TN, KY, VA Cystopterisfragilis- M (acidic cliffs) - Giles County, VA [3] Dasistoma macrophylla - P (glades) - York County, SC [1] Delphinium carolinianum- P (glades) - Lancaster County, SC [1] Desmodiumfloridanum - C - (dry sandy areas) - Beaufort & Jasper counties, SC [4] Dioscoreafloridana-C (moist woods) - Williamsburg County, SC [3] Draba aprica- P (granite outcrops) - Lancaster County, SC [I] Dyschoriste humistrata - C (moist forests) - Charleston County, SC [3] Dyschoriste oblongifolia - C (savannas) - Orangeburg County, SC [4] Elephantopus elatus - C (dry pinelands) - Charleston County, SC 13] Ellisia nyctelea - P (bottomlands, forest) - Pittsylvania County, VA [ I] Elytraria caroliniensis- C (low marly forests) -Berkeley County, SC [3] Equisetumfluviatile - M (wet places, shallow water) - Augusta County, VA [4] Equisetum sylvaticum - M (moist forests) - Shenandoah County, VA [6] Eriocau Ion raven eli - C (savannas) - Berkeley County, SC [3] Eryngium aquaticum var ravenelii - C (savannas) - Berkeley County, SC [3] Erythronium-americanum.sspharperi - M (moist forests)- Polk County, TN [I] Eupatorium scabridum - C (savannas) - SC Floerkeaproserpinacoides- P (rich moist woods) - Fauquier County, VA [8] Galactia elliottii - C (low moist areas) - Beaufort & Jasper County, SC.[4] Galium boreale - M (moist forests)-- Wythe & Scott counties, VA [2] Galium concinnum - M (dry forests) -Giles & Smyth Counties, VA [2] Gaurafilipes - CS (sandy areas) -Kershaw & Williamsburg counties, SC [2] Gaylussaciab rachycera- MP (dry acidic woodlands) - Carroll County, VA [I] Gaylussaciam osieri -.CS (seepages, savannas) -Lexington County, SC [3] Gleditsia aquatica - C (swamp forests) - Williamsburg County, SC [31 Glyceria acutiflora - M (wet openings) - Wythe County, VA [2] Glyceria canadensis (sensustricto, non RAB) -M (high elevation seeps) - VA Glyceriagrandis- MC - Floyd & James Citycounties, VA [2] Habenariaquinqueseta - C (wet pinelands and forests) - Charleston & Berkeley counties, SC [3] Honckenya peploides ssp robusta- C (beaches and dunes) - Accomack County, VA [3] Houstonia canadensis - M (rocky woods and outcrops) - Wythe, Pulaski & Washington counties, VA [2] Hudsonia ericoides - S (sandhills) - Chesterfield County, SC [I] Hydrolea corymbosa - C Hypericum harperi - C (clay-based Carolina bays) - Barnwell County, SC [5] Isoetes macrospora- M (shoals in cold streams) - TN Juncus brachycephalus - M (wet meadows) - GA; Giles County, VA [3] Juncus dudleyi - MPC (paths) - Carroll & Southampton counties, VA [I] Juncus gerardii- C (margins of brackish marshes) - Chesapeake city, VA [1] Kalmia angustfolia(sensu stricto) - CM (pinelands, mountain bogs) - Southampton County, VA [I] Kalmia hirsuta - C (savannas, pocosin edges) - Colleton & Beaufort counties, SC [4] Liatris gracilis - CSP (pinelands, dry woodlands) - Laurens & Colleton counties, SC [2]

98 Liatris tenuifolia - S (sandhills) - Chesterfield, Lancaster, & Marlboro counties, SC [I] Linnaea borealis - M (high elevation forests) - TN [I] Lithospermum caroliniense- C (sandhills) - Isle of Wight County, VA; Calhoun & Lexington counties, SC [2] Ludwigia spathulata- C (clay-based Carolina bays) - Lexington & Aiken counties, SC [4] Lycopodiwn annoh'num - M (moist, high elevation forests) - Grayson County, VA [1] Magnoliapyramidata - P (rich woods) - Richland County, SC [3) Maianthemum stellatum (= Smilacin a stellata) - M - Bedford County VA; TN [2] Micranthemurn micranthemoides - C (tidal marshes) - Charles City County, VA [4] Minuartiacumberlandensis - M (rock outcrops) - TN Minuartiapatula - PM (mafic or calcareous glades and outcrops) - Rockbridge County, VA [3] Nolina georgiana - S (sandhills) - Kershaw County, SC [2] Ophioglossum engelmannii - MP (glades over calcareous or mafic rocks) - Montgomery County, VA [3] Ophioglossum pusillum - M (moist areas) -VA Opuntia stricta var dillenii - C (dunes) - Charleston County, SC [3] Opuntia stricta var stricta - C (dunes) - Charleston County, SC [3] Oryzopsisracemosa- MP (dry woods)- Patrick County, VA [I] Osmunda cinnamomea var glandulosa- C (marshes, swamps) - VA Paronychiavirginicavar virginica - M (calcareous rock outcrops) - Wythe County, VA [2] Paspalumplicafulum - C Pellaea glabellassp glabella - M (limestone outcrops) - Wythe County, VA [2] Pierisphillyreifolia- C (blackwater swamps, pocosins) - Charleston County, SC [3] Pilulariaamericana - PM (muddy wet places, granite outcrops, pond margins) - TN, GA Pinusglabra- C (bottomland forests) - Georgetown County, SC [2] Pityopsis ruthii - M (riverside outcrops) -Polk County, TN [I] Plantagomarihima - C (salt marshes) - Accomack County, VA [3] Platantheraleucophaea- M (damp calcareous meadows) - Augusta County, VA [4] Poa wolii - M (moist forests) - Rockingham County, VA [5] Polygonella gracilis - SC (sandhills) Pseudo taenidia montana - MP (dry shaly woods) -Bedford and Roanoke counties, VA [3] Pyrola chlorantha- M (dry forests) - Page County, VA [6] Pyrola secunda - MP (moist forests) - New Kent County, VA [5] Quercus sim ilis - C (wet stream bottoms, flatwoods) - SC [3 or 4] Quercu s sinuata (durandii) - C (hills and streambanks) - SC Quercus georgiana - P (granitic outcrops) - Kershaw & Spartanburg counties, SC [I] Quercus oglethorpensis - CP (low woods) - Greenwood & Saluda counties, SC [4] Ratibidapinnata- P (diabase glades)- York County, SC [1] Rhamnus lanceolata - M (moist calcareous woodlands) - Pulaski County, VA [2] Rhynchospora knieskernii - CS (peaty bogs) -NJ Rhynchospora saxicola - P (granitic flatrocks) - GA, SC? Ribes americanum - M (moist forests) - Rockbridge County, VA [3] Ribes echineflum - P (rich woods) - McCormick County, SC [4] Ribes lacustre - M (moist forests) - Bath County, VA [4] Rosa obtusiuscula - M (riverbank)- Cocke County, TN [I] Sabatia bartramii (= S. dodecan dra var coriacea) - C (pine savannas) - Hampton County, SC [6] Sabatia brevfolia - C (savannas) - Berkeley County, SC [3] Sabatia dodecandravarfoliosa - C (freshwater wetlands, ditches, streambanks) - Marion County, SC [2] Sagittariarigida- PM (swamps and ponds) - Nelson County, VA [4] Schizachne purpurascen s - M (dry rocky woods) -Highland County, VA [5] Scirpus ancistrochaetus- M (temporary ponds) - VA Scirpus verecundus - P (mesic banks and bluffs)- Grayson, Halifax, & Pittsylvania counties, VA [1] Scutellaria incanavar incana - M (rocky woodlands) - Mercer County, WV [4] Scutellaria mellichampii - C (sandy riverbanks) - Bamberg & Beaufort counties, SC [5] Scutellaria montana- M (rockywoodlands)- GA,TN Scutellariamultiglandulosa- P (woodlands) - Anderson County, SC [2] Scutellariaparvula (sensu stricto, non RAB) -P (dry rocky openings) - VA Sedum nevii (sensu stricto) - M (rock outcrops) -Polk County, TN [I]

99 Silphium dentatum var gatesil Smilaxpumila- C (moist, maritime hardwood forests)- Horry County, SC [I] Solidago hispida - M (calcareous woodlands) - TN; Walker County, GA [4] Sparganium androcladum - MC (ponds and streams) -TN; Virginia Beach city, VA [I] Sparganium eurycarpum - MC (ponds and streams) - Pulaski County, VA [2] Spirantheslaceravar lacera- M (open areas) - TN, VA Sporobolus curtissii - C (savannas) - GA Sporobolus neglectus - M (mafic glades) -Montgomery & Lee counties, VA [3] Stillingia aquatica - C (clay-based Carolina bays) - Allendale, Bamwell, & Hampton counties, SC [6] Suaeda maritima - C (salt marshes) - VA, FL Sullivantia sullivantii - M (cliffs)- Russell County, VA [2] Thalictrum mirabile- M (cliffbases)- KY,TN Toxicodendron radicans ssp negundo - M -VA,WV Toxicod endronrydbergii- M -VA,WV Triadenumfraseri- M (bogs and swampy forests) -Giles County, VA [3] Trillium cemuum (sensu stricto, non RAB) - M (wet woods) - Rappahannock & Fauquier counties, VA [7] Trillium decum bens - M (rich woods) - TN; Pickens & Murray counties, GA [2] Trillium lancifolium - P (rich forests) - Kershaw County, SC [2] Trillium maculatum - PC (rich forests) - Berkeley County, SC [3] Trillium nivale - M (moist calcareous forests) - Highland County, VA [5] Trillium persistens - MP (acid woods under hemlock) - SC; Rabun County, GA [I] Trillium reliquum - PC (rich river bluffs)- Aiken County, SC [5] Urtica gracilis - M (limestone outcrops) - Giles County, VA [3] Uvulariafloridana- C (alluvial forests) - Berkeley & Charleston counties, SC [3] Vaccinium angustifolium - M (forests and woodlands) - Wythe, Montgomery, & Pulaski counties, VA [2] Vaccinium myrtilloides - M (forests and bogs)- Pulaski & Roanoke counties, VA [I] Vaccinium oxycoccos - M (bogs) -Pocahontas County, WV [6] Vaccinium sempervirens - SC (sphagnous seeps, savannas) - Lexington County, SC [4] Vernonia angustifolia var scaberrima- C (pinelands) - Marion County, SC [2] Vernoniapulchella - SC (pinelands) Veronica scutellata- M (swamps and bogs) - Grayson & Carroll counties, VA [ I] Viburnusn obovatum - C (moist forests) - Horry County, SC tI]

100 2004 SIGNIFICANT PLANT LIST REVISIONS Name Changes/Synonymy Edits to the Rare Plant List Changed from: Changed to: Aster avitus Eurybia avita Aster carolinianus Ampelaster carolinianus Aster cordifolius Symphyotrichum cordifolium Aster firmus Symphyotrichum firmum Aster georgianus Symphyotrichum georgianum Aster laevis var. concinnus Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum Aster laevis var, laevis Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve Aster mirabilis Eurybia mirabilis Aster oblongifolius Symphyotrichum oblongifolium Aster parviceps Symphyotrichum parviceps Aster shortii Symphyotrichum shortii Aster spec tabilis Eurybia spectabilis Baptisia minor Baptisia minor var. aberrans Calaminthageorgiana Clinopodium georgianum Cypripedium parviflorum Cypripedium parviflorum var. parviflorum Cypripedlum pubescens Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens Echinodorus parvulus Echinodorus tenellus Gaylussaciatomentosa Gaylussacianana Hypericum buckleyi Hypericum buckleii Lilium sp 2 Lilium pyrophilum Zephyranthes sp. I Zephyranthes simpsonii NC Endangered and Threatened Changes

'Taxon                             Former Status   New Status      SRANK               GRANK Agrostis m ertensti                PE                              Si                  G5 Carex radfordii                   PE              E               Si                  G2 E

Carya myristiciformis T Si G4 Chediolejeunea evansli PE E , Si G0 Hymenophyllum tayloriae PE E j SIS2 GIG2 Kalmia cuneata E SR-L S3 G3 Lilium pyrophilum (=L. sp 2) SR-L E-SC S2 G2 Lindera subcoriacea E T S2 G2 Lobelia boykinii SR-T T Si G2G3 Quercus ilicifolia SR-P T SI G5 Plagiochilacaduciloba E SR-T Si G2 Solidago p ulchra E SR-L S3 G3 Solidago viflosicarpa SR-L E Si IG Sphenolobopsispearsonii PE E S2 G2? Talinum mengesui PE E Si G3

101 Federal Status Changes Former New Federal Taxon Status Status NC Status SRANK GRANK, Carex radfordii FSC E Si G2 Carex roanensis FSC Ce SR-T S2 G2 Chiloscyphusappalachianus FSC ce SR-T Si GIG2Q Isoetes microvela ce FSC SR-L Si GI Lilium pyrophilum FSC E-SE S2 G2 Ludwig ia ravenli FSC SR-T S2? G2? Orthotrichum keeverae FSC te E S2 G2 Panicum lithophilum Ce FSC SR-T Si G2G3Q Parnassiagrandifolia ce FSC T S2 G3 Phacelia covillei ce FSC SR-T S2 G2 Plagiochilacolumbiana FSC Fc W2 SH GHQ Plagiochila sullivan Mi ce FSC SR-T S2 G2T2 Pliimnium sp. I ce FSC SR-L Si G1 Pycnanthemum torrei ce FSC SR-T SH G2 Sagittariagraminea var. weatherbiana ce FSC SR-T S2 G5T2 Sida inflexa FSC SRF G2Q Solidago simulans ce FSC SR-L Si GI Solidago vilosicarpa ce FSC E Si GI Symphyotrichwn sp I ce FSC SR-L Si G1 Thaspium pinnatfidum ce FSC SR-T Si GI Tofteldia glabra FSC ae WI S3 G3 Waldsteinia lobata FSC SR-T Si G2 Taxa No Longer Tracked in NC Taxon Former Status Comm ents Arabis laevigatavar. burkii W7 Originally misidentified in NC as A. laevigata var. burkii, but later found to be A. laevigata Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum- rubrum W7 -Taxon no longer recognized Asplenium x ebenoides (hybrid) W3 Hybrids are not tracked Gaylussaciatomentosa SR-P Originally misidentified as G. tomentosa, but later found ID be G. nana Hymenocallis coronaria W3 Originally misidentified as H. coronaria,but later found ID be H. occidentalis lIex buswellii S2 Taxon no longer recognized Lilium iridollae T Originally misidentified as Lilium iridollae, but later found to be L. pyrophiurm Oenothera austromontana W7 Taxon no longer recognized Schizachyrium stoloniferum W3 Taxon now considered S. scoparium var. stoloniferum and needing further study Sida inflexa W3 Taxonnotyetfound inNC

102 Watch List Additions and Changes Taxon Former Status New Status SRANK GRANK Acmella repens W7 WI Si G5 Ampelopsis cordata W4 -W7 S2 GS Boykin ia aconitifolia W7 S3 G4 Carex albicans var. australis W7 WI S2? - G5T5 Cleistes bifaria W7 WI S2 G3G4 Cleistes diva ricata WI S3 G4 Crataegusaestivalis WI S2 G5 Cyperus virens W7 SU G5 Eupatorium maculatum W7 S3? G5 Habenariarepens W7 WI S2 G5 Hypericum buckleii W7 WI S3 G3 Ilex ambigua W7 WI S3 G5 Ipomoea macrorhiza W7 W4 SE? G3G5 Ipomoea pes-caprae W4 SI G5 Oenotherariparia W7 WI S2S3 G2G3 Orbexilum pedunculatum varpedunculatum W3 W7 SI G5T5? Parietariafloridana W3 W4 SE? G5 Paspalumpraecox W7 WI S2S3 G4 Pediomelum canescens W7 WI S3 G3G4 Platanthera blephariglottis W7 S3? G4G5 Quercus minima W7 W3 SR G5 Quercus pumila W7 S3? G5 Rhynchospora cephalanthavar. attenuata W7 WI S3 G5T3? Rhynchospora leptocarpa W7 W S3 G3 Rhynchospora nitens W7 WI S3 G4? Sabatia do decandra WI S3? GS? Sagitlariaengelmanniana W7 WI S2 G5? Sanguisorbacanadensis SR-P WI S3 G5 Solidago patula var. strictula W7 WI S2? G5T5 Sphagnum cuspidatum W6 S4 G5 Sphagnum striclum W6 S4 G5 Sphagnum tenerum W6 S4 G5

103 Additions to the Rare List Form' er New Taxon Status Status SRANK GRANK Arenaria lanuginosassp. lanuginosa W7 SR-P S2 G5T5 Asclepiaspurpurascens W7 SR-T Si? G4G5 Carex calcfugens SR-T S2? G2G4 Carex oligocarpa W7 SR-P S2? G4 Carex sp 4 W7 SR-L S2 G2G3 Celastrus scandens W7 SR-P S2? G5 Desmodiumfern aldii SR-P Sl G4 Dichanthelium sp 9 (= Panicum cryptanthum) SR-L S2 G2G3 Eleocharis atropurpurea W7 SR-D Si G4G5 Eleocharis vivipa ra W7. SR-O Si G5 SR-D Si G3 Gaylussaciabrachycera Gaylussacianana SR-P Si G? Gratiolaaurea W7 SR-O Si G5 Gratiolaram osa W7 SR-P Si G4G5 Helianthemum rosmarinifokium W4 SR-P S2 G4 Helianthusfloridanus W7 SR-P Si G3G4 Hymenocallis occidentalis W3 SR-P SH G4? Hymenocallis pygmaea SR-L S2? G2G3 Hypericum sp. I W2 SR-L S2 G2 Hypericum sp. 2 W2 SR-L S2 G2 Hypoxisjuncea W7 SR-P Si G4? Hypoxis rigida W7 SR-P S2 G4 Iris prismatica W7 SR-T SIS2 G4G5 Lobaria scrobiculata W7 SR-P S2? G3G4 Lycopus angustfolius W7 SR-P Si G4? Lysimachia hybrida W7 SR-P Si GS Lythrum lanceolatum W7 SR-T Sl G5 Paronychia herniarioides W3 SR-P Si G3G4 Pinguicula lutea W7 SR-P S2 G4G5 Plagiochila caduciloba E SR-T Si G2 Polygala nana W7 SR-D Si? G5 Polygonum amphibium W7 SR-P S1 G5 Prenanthesalba W7 SR-P S2 G5 Pycnanthemum virginianum W7 SR-P Si G5 Scleria sp. I W2 SR-L Si GI Sebastianiafruticosa W7 SR-T Si GS Sesuvium marifimum W7 SR-O Si G5 Sesuvium portulacastrum W7 SR-P Si G5 Solanum pseudogracile W7 SR-T Si G? Sphagnum contortum SR-D Si G5 Sphagnum flavicomans W7 SR-P SH G3 Sphagn um henrye nse SR-D S2 G4?

104 NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM ENDANGERED AND RARE PLANT FIELD SURVEY FORM Species: _ Common name: Survey date: 7.5' Quad Map: County: Elevation: Site location and directions: (attach copy of map w ith site marked or use back of form to draw a sketch of the site): SPECIES INFORMATION Define individual Number of individuals: (stem, clump, etc.): Size of area in which population occurs: Phenolo gy: dormant Evidence of reproduction: seedlings leaf - ,clonal/vegetative bud

                          ' flower                       Other information:

_____ fruit Habitat (NC NHP natural community name and description; include quality, soils, geology, etc.): Topographic position: Micro-relief: Moisture regime: Light: crest flat ---- inundated - open - upper slope - rippled - saturated filtered mid slope concave moist shade lower slope convex _ dry - upland flat drop-off I seasonally wet alluvial other Other information: Associated species: P Protection and management needs and other comments: i Landowner(s), if known: - Person making this report: Search time: Address: Phone: Other ob servers: Specimens collected? Collection #: _ _ _ _ Repository: (permits are required for federal or state listed species) - - Return form to: N.C.Natural Heritage Program; NC DENR, MSC 1601; Raleigh, NC 27699-1601

105 NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM WATCH LIST PLANT SURVEY FORM Species: Survey date: 7.5' Quad Map: County: Elevation: Site location and directions: (attach copy of map with site marked or use back of form to draw a sketch of the site): _ POPULATION INFORMATION Define individual Number of individuals: (stem, clump, etc.): Size of area in which population occurs: Coordinates (if known): Landowner(s), if known: Person making this repo rt: Address: Phone: Other ob servers: Specimens collected? Collection #: Repository: (permits are required for federal or state listed species) Other Notes (Including Evidence Of Reproduction): Return this form (along with a map) to: N.C. Natural Heritage Program, 1601 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Visit www.ncyarks.net/nhv for updated Status and contact information.

106 Abiesfraseri .................. 7 Aristolochia serpentaria......... 58 Buckleya distichophylla .......... 11 Acer nigrum . ............ 57 Arnoglossum ovatum ............ 9 Bulbostylis warei .............. 11 Acmella repens ............ 57,103 Asclepias longifolia ............ 59 Burmannia biflora ............. 59 Aconitum reclinatum ............ 7 Asclepias pedicellata ............ 9 Buxbaumia aphylla ............ 46 Acrobolbus ciliatus............. 50 Asclepias purpurascens .......... 9 Buxbaumia minakatae .......... 46 Actaea racemosa .............. 57 Asclepias tomentosa ............ 59 Calamagrostiscainii ........... 11 Adiantum capillus-veneris ........ 7 Aspiromitus adscendens......... 91 Calamagrostiscanadensis ....... 11 Adlumiafungosa ............... 7 Aspiromitus appalachianus ...... 53 Calamagrostisporteri .......... 11 Aeschynomene virginica ........ .. 7 Asplenium bradleyi .............. 9 Calamovilfa brevipilis .......... 60 Agalinis aphylla ............... 7 Asplenium heteroresiliens ........ 9 Callitricheterrestris............ 60 Agalinis decemloba ............. 57 Asplenium monanthes ............ 9 Calopogon multiflorus .......... 11 Agalinis linifolia ............... 57 Asplenium pinnatfidum .......... 9 Calopogontuberosus ........... 94 Agalinis tenella ............... 57 Asplenium resiliens ............ 59 Calthapalustris..............

                                                                                                                          ;                 11 Agalinis virgata ...............                  7   Asplenium ruta-muraria..........         9 Calycanthusfloridusvarfloridus. . 60 Agarista populifolia ............ 57                  Aster lanceolatus ..............        59 Calystegiacatesbeianassp sericata 11 Agastache nepetoides .........               7, 57    Astilbe crenatiloba..............        9 Calystegiasoldanella ...........            60 Agrimonia incisa ...............                57    Astragalus michauxii ............        9 Camassiascilloides ............             11 Agrostis altissima ..............               57    Athyrium angustum ............          59 Campanula aparinoides.........              11 Agrostis mertensii...........               7,101     Baccharis angustifolia ..........       59 Campanula rotundifolia.........             11 Aletrisfarinosa              ................ 57      Baccharis glomeruliflora .........       9 Campylium stellatum ...........             46 Allium allegheniense ........... 57                   Bacopa caroliniana .............         9 Campylopus atrovirens Uzr Allium cuthbertii...............                  7   Bacopa innominata .............          9             cucullatifolius .......         46 Allium sp I ...                              7, 95    Bacopa rotundifolia ............        59 Campylopus carolinae ..........             47 Allium tricoccum ........... 56, 57                   Balduina atropurpurea ..........         9 Campylopus oerstedianus .......            47 Alnus viridis ssp crispa ..........               7   Baptisia alba ..................         9 Campylopus paradoxus .........              47 Amaranthus pumilus .............                  7   Baptisia albescens .............        10 Canoparmeliaamabilis......... 53 Amelanchier sanguinea .......... 8                    Baptisia bracteatavar bradeata . .      10 Cardaminebulbosa ............               94 Amorpha georgianavar confusa ...                  8   Baptisia minor var aberrans .....       10 Cardamineclematitis ...........             11 Amorphageorgianavargeorgiana . 8                      Barbilophozia attenuata.........        91 Cardaminedissecta ............              11 Amorpha schwerinii .                              8   Barbilophozia barbata ..........        50 Cardaminedouglassii ..........              12 Ampelaster carolinianus .....               8,101     Barbilophoziahatcheri ..........        50 Cardaminelongii ..............              12 Ampelopsis cordata ........               57, 103     Bartoniapaniculata .............        59 Cardaminemicranthera .........              12 Amphicarpum muehlenbergianum .. 8                     Bartoniaverna ................          59 Cardaminerotundifolia .........             12 Amphicarpum purshii ...........                 58    Bartoniavirginica .............         94 Carex aenea ..................              12 Amsonia ciliata ............... 58                    Bartramidulawilsonii ..........         46 Carex albicansvar australis .....           60 Anaptychia setifera .............               53    Bazzania nudicaulis ............        50 Carex albicansvar emmonsii .....            60 Anastrophyllum saxicola ........                50    Berberis canadensis............         10 Carex albursina ............... 60 Andropogon arctatus ...........                 58    Betula cordifolia ..............        10 Carex argyrantha ..............             12 Andropogon brachystachyus .....                 58    Bidens coronata ...............         10 Carex baileyi .................             60 Andropogon longiberbis ........                 58    Boltonia asteroides .............       59 Carex barrattii...........                  12 Andropogon mohrii .............                  8    Boltonia difusa ...............         59 Carex biltmoreana ...........               12 Andropogon perangustatus ......                 58    Botrychiumjenmanii ...........          10 Carex bromoides ssp ?vntana .... 60 Andropogon tracyi .............                 58    Botrychium lanceolatum wzr                 Carex bushii .......                .... 12 Andropogon virginicus var dedpiens58                              angustisegmentum ....       10 Carex buxbaumii ...........                12 Anemone berlandieri ............                 8    Botrychium matricarifolium .....        10 Carex calcifugens ...........              12 Anemone caroliniana............ 8                     Botrychium multifdum ......        .... 10 Carex canescens svp disjuncta .... 12 Anemone minima .............. 58                      Botrychium oneidense ..........         10 Carex careyana ...........                  12 Aneura sharpii................ 50                     Botrychium simplex varsimplex... 10        Carex chapmanii ...........                 60 Angelica atropurpurea.....                      58
                                               ..... Boykinia aconitifolia .......      59,103  Carex cherokeensis ...........              12 Anomylia cuneifolia .                           50    Brachydontium trichodes ........        46 Carex collinsii ..........               . 61 Antennaria howellii ssp petaloidea 58                 Brachyelytrum septentrionale .... 10       Carex communis var amplisquama 12 Anthaenantia rufa .                             58    Brachymenium andersonii .......         46 Carex conoidea ...........                 12 Anzia americana.                                53    Brachymenium systyium ........          46 Carex corrugata...........                 61 Anzia ornata .                                  53    Brachythecium populeum ........         46 Carex cristatella...........               12 Arabis glabra ..                                 8    Brachythecium rotaeanum .......         46 Carex crus-corvi ...........               12 Arabis hirsuta var adpressipilis .... 8               Braseniaschreberi .............         94 Carex decomposita ...........              13 Arabis mnissouriensis .......                  .88... Bromus ciliatus................         10 Carex deflexa ......             ..... 13 Arabis patens ..                                 8    Bromus latiglumis .............         59 Carex eburnea ...........                  13 Arenaria lanuginosassp lanuginosa 9                   Bromus nottowayanus ..........          59 Carex echinatassp edhinata .....           61 Arethusa bulbosa ..                              8    Brotheraleana ................ 90          Carex elliotti .................           61 Arisaema triphyllum sip stewardsonii 9                Bryocrumia vivicolor ...........        46 Carex exilis .................             13 Aristida condensata .                        9, 58    Bryoerythrophyllumferruginascens 46        Carexfestucacea .............. 61 Aristida simpliciflora .                         9    Bryoerythrophyllum inaequalifolium46       Carexsfloridana ................ 61 Aristida spiciformis .                          58    Bryoxiphium norvegicum ........         46 Carex granularis ..............            61 Aristida tenuispica .                           58    Bryum riparium ...............          46 Carex hitchcockiana............            13 Aristida virgata .                              94    Buchnera americana ...........          11 Carex hormathodes ............             13.

107 Carex hyalinolepis ............. 61 Chenopodium simplex .......... 15 Danthonia epilis ............... 17 Carex impressinervia ........... 13 Chiloscyphus appalachianus 51, 102 Delphinium exaltatum .......... 17 Carexjamesii ............. 13 Chiloscyphus muricatus.... .... 51 Deschampsia cespitosassp glauca . 17 Carex leavenworthii ............ 61 Chrysoma pauciflosculosa ....... 15 Desmodiumfernaldii........... 17 Carex leptonervia ............ 13 Chrysopogon pauciflorus ........ 62 Desmodium ochroleucum ........ 17 Carex lucorum var austrolucorum . 61 Chrysopsisscabrella ........... 62 Desmodium pauciflorum ........ 64 Carex lupuliformis ............ 13 Chrysosplenium americanum ..... 62 Desmodium sessilifolum ........ 17 Carex lutea ............ 13, 96 Cimicifuga americana .......... 63 Diamorphasmallfi ............. 65 Carex manhartii............ 61 Cinna latifolia ................ 63 Diarrhenaamericana........... 17 Carex meadii ........... . 13 Cirriphyllum piliferum .......... 47 Dicentraeximia ............... 17 Carex misera .......... .. 13 Cirsium carolinianum .......... 15 Dichantheliumannulum ......... 17 Carex oklahomensis ............ 61 Cirsium lecontel ............ 15, 63 Dichantheliumboreale .......... 65 Carex oligocarpa ............ 13 Cladina evansi .i................ 92 Dichantheliumcaerulescens ...... 17 Carex oligosperma ............ 13 Cladium mariscoides ........... 15 Dichanthelium dichotomum var 2 . 65 Carexpedunculata ............ 13 Cladoniapsoromica ......... 54, 96 Dichantheliumerectiflium ...... 65 Carexprojecta .......... .. 14 Cladrastiskentukea ............ 63 Dichantheliumfusiforme ........ 17 Carexpurpurifera ............ 14 Cleistes bifaria ............ 63, 103 Dichantheliumhirstii ........... 17 Carex radfordii......... 14, 101, 102 Cleistes divaricata ......... 63, 103 Dichantheliumlatifolium ........ 65 Carex reniformis ............ 14 Clematis catesbyana............ 63 Dichantheliumlinearifolium ..... 65 Carex roanensis ........... 14, 102 Clematis crispa................ 94 Dichantheliumoligosanthes var Carex ruthii ......... ... 61 Clematis glaucophylla .......... 15 scribnerianum ....... 65 Carex schweinitzii ............ 14 Clematis occidentalis ., . ......... 15 Dichantheliumovale varovale.... 65 Carex socialis ........... . 14 Clinopodium georgianum .... 15.101 Dichantheliumsp 5 ............ 17 Carex sp 2 ....... ..... 14 Coeloglossum viride varvirescens . 15 Dichantheliumsp 9 ............ 17 Carex sp 4 ......... ... 14 Coelorachiscylindrica .......... 16 Dichantheliumspretum ......... 65 Carex sparganioides ........... 62 Coelorachisrugosa ............ 63 Dichodontiumpellucidum ....... 47 Carex tenax ......... ... 14 Collinsoniaserotina ............ 63 Dicranum undulatum ........... 47 Carex tenera ......... ... 62 Collinsonia tuberosa ........... 16 Didiplis diandra ................ 17 Carex tetanica ............ 14 Collinsoniaverticillata.......... 16 Diervilla rivularis.............. 18 Carex trichocarpa ............ 14 Cololejeunea ornata ............ 91 Dionaeamuscipula............. 18 Carex trisperma ............ 14 Conioselinum chinense .......... 16 Dioscorea villosa varhirticaulis . . 65 Carex turgescens ............ 62 Coptis trifolia ssp groenlandica ... 16 Diplazium pycnocarpon ......... 65 Carex verrucosa ............ 14 Corallorhizawisteriana ......... 63 Diplophyllum andrewsii ......... 91 Carex vestita............ 14 Coreopsis delphiniifolia .......... 63 Diplophyllum apiculatum var Carex w. var megarrhyncha ...... 14 Coreopsis gladiata ............. 94 taxifolioides ......... 51 Carex woodii ................. 14 Coreopsis helianthoides ......... 63 Diplophyllum obtusatum ........ 51 Carya laciniosa ............... 15 Coreopsis latifolia .............. 16 Diplophyllum taxiffolium var Carya myristicifornis....... 15, 101 Coreopsispubescens wvr robusta .. 64 mucronatum ........ . 51 Caulophyllum giganteum ........ 15 Cornus asperifolia ............. 16 Diplophyllum t. var taxifolum .... 91 Celastrusscandens ............. 15 Corydalis micrantha ssp micrantha 16 Dircapalustris ................ 66 Celtis occidentalis ............. 62 Coscinodon cribrosus ........... 47 Ditrichum ambiguum ........... 47 Cephalozia connivens varbifida .. 50 Crataegusaestivalis . 64, 103 Dodecatheon meadia var meadia . . 18 Cephalozia m. ssp australis ...... 50 Crataegusspathulata ........... 64 Drabaramosissima ............ 18 Cephaloziap. var caroliniana .... 50 Crinum americanum............ 16 Drabareptans ................. 18 Cephaloziapleniceps varpleniceps 50 Croton monanthogynus ......... 16 Drepanolejeuneaappalachiana... 51 Cephaloziella hampeana ........ 50 Cryphaea ravenelii............. 90 DroserafIliformis.............. 18 Cephaloziella massalongi ....... 91 Cuscuta cephalanthi............ 64 Dryopteriscarthusiana ......... 66 Cephaloziella obtusilobula....... 91 Cuscuta coryli ................. 64 Dryopteriscristata ............. 66 Cephaloziella spinicaulis ......... 50 Cylindrocolea andersonli ........ 91 Dryopterisgoldiana ............ 66 Ceratophyllum echinatum ....... 62 Cylindrocolea rhizantha......... 51 Dryopteris ludoviciana.......... 66 Ceratophyllum muricatumsspaustrald Cymophyllusfraserianus........ 64 Dumortierahirsutassp nepalensis . 91 Cetrariaarenaria.............. 53 Cyperus dentatus .............. 16 Echinacea laevigata ............ 18 Cetrelia cetrarioides ........... 54 Cyperus distans ............... 64 Echinaceapallida ............. 66 Chamaedaphnecalyculata....... 94 Cyperus granitophilus .......... 16 Echinaceapurpurea ............ 18 Chamaeliriumluteum ........... 62 Cyperus houghtonil ............ 16 Echinocystis lobata ............ 66 Chamaesyce bombensis ......... 62 Cyperus lecontei ............... 16 Echinodorus tenellus ....... 18, 101 Chamaesyce cordifolia .......... 15 Cyperus squarrosus ............ 64 Elatine americana ............. 66 Chamerionplatyphyllum ........ 15 Cyperus tetragonus ...... w..... 16 Elatine minima ................ 66 Chasmanthiumnitidum ......... 15 Cyperus virens . 64,103 Eleocharisatropurpurea ......... 18 Chasmanthiumsessiliflorum ..... 62 Cypripedium reginae ........... 64 Eleochariscellulosa ............ 18 Cheilanthes alabamensis ........ 15 Cystopteris bulbifera ........... 64 Eleocharis elongata ............ 18 Cheilolejeunea evansi ...... 50, 101 Cystopterisfragilis.......... 16, 98 Eleocharisengelmannii ......... 67 Cheilolejeunea myriantha ....... 51 Cystopteris tennesseensis ....... 17 Eleocharisequisetoides ......... 66 Cheilolejeunea rigidula ......... 51 Cystopteris tenuis .............. 16 Eleocharis erythropoda ......... 66 Chelone cuthbertii ............. 15 Daleapinnata................. 65 Eleocharis halophila ........... 18 Chelone obliqua ............... 62 Dalibardarepens .............. 17 Eleocharismelanocarpa ........ 67

108 - Eleocharismontevidensis ........ 19 Fissidenshallfi ................ 47 Heteropogon melanocarpus ...... 70 Eleocharisparvula............. 67 Fothergillamajor .............. 20 Heuchera caroliniana .......... 70 Eleocharisrobbinsii ............ 19 Fragariavesca ................ 68 Heuchera hispida .............. 70 Eleocharisrostellata ........... 19 Frangulacaroliniana........... 68 Heuchera longiflora ............ 70 Eleocharis smallii .............. 67 Fraseracaroliniensis........... 20 Heucheraparviflora varparviflora 70 Eleocharis tricostata ........... 67 Frullaniaappalachiana.......... 51 Heucherapubescens ............ 70 Eleocharisvivipara ........ .... 19 Frullaniadonnellai ............. 51 Hexalectrisspicara............. 23 Elodea canadensis ............. 67 Frullaniaoakesiana............ 91 .Hexastylis contract2 ............

                                                                                                                     ;          23 Elodea nuttallii ................          67  Frullaniaplana ...............         91  Hexastylis lewisi ..............       23 Elymus canadensis .............            67  Fuirenascirpoidea.............         69  Hexastylis naniflora ............      23 Elymus riparius ............... 67             Gaillardiaaestivalis ............      20  Hexastylis rhombiformis......      23, 96 Elymus trachycaulusssp trachycaulul9           Galactiamollis ................        20  Hibiscus aculeatus .............       23 Encalypta procera .............            47  Galax urceolata ............       56, 69  Hibiscus coccineus .............        70 Enemion biternatum ............            19  Galium asprellum ..............        69  Hierochloe odorata............. 23 Entodon compressus............             47  Galium lanceolatum ............        69  Homalia trichomanoides ........        47 Entodon concinnus .............            47  Gaultheriahispidula ...........        69  Homaliadelphussharpii..........        47 Entodon sullivantii ..............         47  Gaylussaciabrachycera......... 20          Hottonia inflata ...............       23 Ephebe americana .............             54  Gaylussaciadumosa .........        69, 94  Houstonia longifolia varglabra ... 23 Ephebe lanata ................ 54              Gaylussaciadumosa var I ........ 69        Houstonia montana ............ 23 Ephebe solida.................             54  Gaylussacia dumosa var bigdoviana69        Houstoniapurpureavar calycosa . 70 Epidendrum conopseum .........             19  Gaylussacia nana ..........       21, 101  Hudsonia montana ........... 23, 96 Epilobium ciliatum .............           19  Gelsemium rankinii ............        21  Hudsonia tomentosa .........       23, 25 Epilobium leptophyllum .........           67  Gentiana austromontana ........        69  Humulus lupulus var lupuloides ... 70 Equisetum xferrissii ............          67  Gentianaflavida...............         21  Humulus lupulus varpubescens ...       70 Eragrostisfrankii ; .............          67  Gentianopsis crinita............       21  Huperzia appalachiana .........        23 Eragrostislugens ..............            67  Geum aleppicum ...............         21  Huperzia porophila ............        24 Erigeniabulbosa ..............             67  Geum geniculatum .............. 21         Hydrangeacinerea ..............        70 Eriocaulonaquaticum ..........             19  Geum laciniatum var trichocarpum 21        Hydrastis canadensis.24 Eriocauloncompressum ......            94, 95  Geum radiatum.21                           Hydrocotyle americana .71 Eriocaulondecangulare .........            94  Glandulariacanadensis.69                   Hydrophyllum macrophyllum.....         24 Eriocaulonparkeri .............            19  Glyceria laxa .21                          Hydrothyriavenosa .54 Eriocaulontexense .............            19  Glyceria nubaigena .21                     Hygrohypnum closteri .47 Eriogonum tomentosum .........             19  Gnaphalium helleri var helleri.... 21      Hymenocallis occidentalis.             24 Eriophorumvirginicum .........             67  Gnaphalium helleri var micradenium2l       Hymenocallispygmaea .24 Eryngium aquaticum var rawnelli. 98            Goodyera repens .69                        Hymenophyllum tayloriae ...       24, 101 Eryngium integrifolium ......          94, 95  Grammits nimbata.21                        Hypericum adpressum.24 Eryngium y. var synchaetum .....           68  Gratiola aurea .21                         Hypericum buckleii .... 70, 101, 103 Erythrinaherbacea ............             19  Gratiolaramosa.21                          Hypericum ellipticum .71 Erythronium americanum ssp                     Gymnocarpium appalachianum... 21           Hypericumfasciculatum...:.. 24, 71 americanum ......... 68            Gymnoderma lineare .54                     Hypericum graveolens .71 Eucladium verticillatum .........          47  Habenariarepens..........         69, 103  Hypericum mitchellianum .              71 Euonymus atropurpureus........             68  Hackelia virginiana ............       69 Hypericum sp I ............ 24, 96 Eupatorium alsissimum .........            68  Hasteola suaveolens ............       21 Hypericum sp 2 ...............          24 Eupatorium anomalum ..........             68  Helenium brevifolium ...........       22  Hypericum suffruticosum ........       24 Eupatoriumgodfreyanum ........             19  Helenium pinnatiffdum ..........       22  Hypotrachynasinuosa ..........         54 Eupatorium incarnatum..........            19  Helenium vernale .............         22 Hypotrachyna virginica ..........       54 Eupatorium leptophyllum ........          20   Helianthemum bicknelli ........        22  Hypoxisjuncea...............           24 Eupatorium maculatum .....           68, 103   Helianthemum carolinianum .. 22, 69       Hypoxis rigida ...............          24 Eupatorium recurvans ...........          68   Helianthemum corymbosum ......         22  Hypoxis sessilis ...............       24 Eupatorium resinosum ..........           20   Helianthemum georgianum ......         22  llex ambigua ..............       71, 103 Eupatoriumsessilifolium var                    Helianthemum nashui ...........        22 flex amelanchier ...............        24 brittonianum ........          68   Helianthemum propinquum ......         22 flex cassine ...............            71 Eupatoriumsteelei .......          ..... 68    Helianthemum rosmaiinifolium ... 22       flex collina ...............            24 Euphorbiacommutata ..........             20   Helianthusfloridanus...........        22 flex longipes..........                 25 Euphorbiamercurialina. ......... 20            Helianthus glaucophyllus........       69 fpomoea imperati.25 Euphorbiapurpurea ............            20   Helianthus laevigatus ...........      22 Ipomoea macrorhiza ....... 71, 103 Eurybia avita .............         20, 101    Helianthus longifolius ..........      70 Ipomoea pes-caprae ............         71 Eurybia mirabilis ..........        20, 101    Helianthus occidentalis .........      22 Ipomopsis rubra ............            71 Eurybia spectabilis............          101   Helianthus schweinitzii .........      22 Iresine rhizomatosa ............        71 Eustachys glauca ..............           20   Heliotropium curassavicum ... 22, 70      Irisprismatica ............             25 Euthamia graminifolia var nuttallii 68         Heliotropium curassavicum var             Isoetes hyemalis ............           71 Filipendularubra ..............           20              curassavicum........ 22        Isoetes microvela ....... 25, 96, 101 Fimbristylislittoralis ...........        68   Helonias bullata ...............       22 Isoetespiedmontana............ 25 Fimbristylisperpusilla ..........         20   Heterantheramultiflora .........       23 Isoetes riparia ............            25 Fissidensappalachensis.........           90   Heterantherareniformis .........       70 Isoetes virginica ............          25 Fissidens exilis ................. 90          Heterodermiaappalachensis .....        54 Isolepis koilolepis ............        71

109 Isotria medeoloides ............ 25 Lithospermum canescers ........ 27 Milium effusum ................. 29 Iva microcephala .............. 25 Litsea aestivalis ............... 27 Minuartia alabamensis.......... 75 Jeffersonia diphylla ............ 25 Lobariascrobiculata ........ 54, 91 Minuartiagodfreyi ............. 29 Juglans cinerea ................ 71 Lobefia boykinii ........... 27, 101 Minuartiagroenlandica .......... 29 Juncus articulatus ............. 72 Lobelia sp I .................. 73 Minuartiauniflora ............. 29 Juncus brachycarpus . ........... 72 Lonicera canadensis............ 27 Monardamedia ............... 75 Juncus brevicaudatus ........... 72 Loniceraflava.......... I..... 27 Monotropsisodorata ........... 29 Juncus caesariensis ............ 25 Lophiola aurea .27 Muhlenbergiaglabriflora........ 29 Juncus georgianus ............. 72 Lopholejeunea muelleriana. 51 Muhlenbergiaglomerata........ 29 Juncus gymnocarpus ........... 72 Lophozia capitata.91 Muhlenbergiamexicana ......... 75 Juncus longii ................. 72 Lophozia excisa .51 Muhlenbergiasobolifera ........ 30 Juncus secundus ............... 72 Lophozia heterocolpos.51 Muhlenbergiasylvatica ......... 75 Juncus torreyi ................. 72 Lotus helleri .27 Muhlenbergia torreyana ........ 30 Juncus trifidus ................ 25 Ludwigia alata .......... .. 27 Mylia taylorii ................. 52 Juniperus communis var depressa . 25 Ludwigia brevipes ............ 28 Myrica gale ................. 30 Justiciaamericana ............. 94 Ludwigia lanceolata............ 28 Myriophyllum laxum ........... 30 Kalmia carolina ............... 94 Ludwigia linifolia ............ 28 Myriophyllum pinnatum ......... 75 Kalmia cuneata ........... 25, 101 Ludwigia ravenii .......... 28, 102 Myriophyllum tenellum ......... 30 Krigia biflora ................. 72 Ludwigia sphaerocarpa...... 28, 74 Najas gracillima ............... 75 Krigia montana ............... 72 Ludwigia suffruticosa ...... ... 28 Nardiascalarisssp scalaris ...... 52 Lachnocaulon minus ......... 25, 72 Lupinus villosus ............... 74 Narthecium americanum ........ 30 Lathyrusjaponicusvar maritimus . 72 Luziolafluitans................ 28 Neckera complanata............ 90 Lathyruspalustris.............. 73 Luzula multiflora .............. 74 Nelumbo lutea ................ 75 Lathyruspusillus .............. 73 Lycopodiella inundata.......... 28 Nestronia umbellula ............ 75 Lathyrus venosus ............... 73 Lycopodiella prostrata........... 74 Notothylas orbicularisvar Lechea maritimavar virginica .... 25 Lycopodium dendroideum ....... 74 pseudotemperata..... 92 Lechea torreyi ................ 25 Lycopodium hickeyi ............ 74 Nuphar sagittifolia ............. 75 Leersia lenticularis............. 73 Lycopus amplectens ............ 74 Nymphoides cordata....... ... 76 Lejeunea bermudiana........... 51 Lycopus angustifolius........... 28 Ochrolechiayasudae........... 92 Lejeunea blomquistii ........... 51 Lycopus cokeri ...... I......... 74 Oenotheraperennis ............ 30 Lejeunea cavifolia ............. 51 'Lysimachia asperulifolia ........ 28 Oenothera riparia ....... .... 76, 103 Lejeunea dimorphophylla........ 51. Lysimachiafraseri ............. 28 Oldenlandiaboscii............ 30 Lejeunea glaucescens varacrogyna 51 Lysimachia hybrida ............ 28 Onosmodium virginianum ....... 76 Lemna gibba ................ 73 Lysimachia loomisi ............ 74 Ophioglossum nudicaule ........ 76 Leptochloafascicularisvar maritima26 Lysimachia quadriflora ......... 74 Ophioglossum petiolatum ........ 76 Leptodontium excelsum ......... 47 Lysimachia tonsa .............. 74 Oplismenus setarius............. 76 Leptodontium flexifolium ........ 48 Lythrum lanceolatum ........... 28 Orbexilum lupinellum ........... 76 Leptohymenium sharpii ......... 48 Macbrideacaroliniana.......... 28 Orbexilum macrophyllum ..... 30, 96 Lespedeza angustifolia.......... 94 Macrocoma sullivanti .......... 48 Orbexilum onobrychis .......... 76 Liatris aspera ................ 26 Magnolia acuminatavar subcordata 74 Orbexilum pedunculatum var Liatris helleri ............... 26, 96 Magnolia grandiflora ........... 74 pedunculatum ... 76, 103 Liatrismicrocephala ........... 26 Magnolia macrophylla .......... 29 Orthodontiumpellucens ......... 48 Liatris scariosa............... 73 Malaxis bayardzi .............. 29 Orthotrichumkeeverae ...... 48. 102 Liatrissecunda................. 73 Malaxis spicata ............... 29 Orthotrichum obtusifolium ....... 48 Liatris squarrosavar hirsuta ..... 73 Manfreda virginica ............. 75 Oxypolis canbyi ............... 30-Liatris squarrulosa............. 26 Mannia californica ............. 51 Oxypolis ternata ............... 76 Liatris turgida ................ 26 Mannia triandra................ 91 Pachysandraprocumbens ....... 30 Lilaeopsis carolinensis.......... 26 Marshalliagrandiflora......... 29 Packeramillefolium ............ 30 Lilium canadensessp canadense . . 26 Marshalliasp 1. 29 Packerapaupercula ............ 30 Lilium canadense ssp edibrum ... 26 Marshalliatrinervia .......... 29 Palamocladiumleskeoides ....... 48 Lilium grayi .................. 26 Marsupellaemarginatavarlatiloba 52 Panaxquinquefolius ............ 77 Lilium philadelphicumvar Marsupellafunckii............. 52 Panax trifolius ................ 77 philadelphicum ...... 26 Matelea decipiens .... I.......... 29 Panicumflexile................ 30 Lilium pyrophilum...... 26, 101, 102 Mateleaflavidula.............. 75 Panicum lithophilum ....... 30, 102 Limosella australis............. 26 Matelea obliqua ............... 75 Panicum tenerum .............. 30 Lindbergiabrachyptera ......... 48 Meehania cordata ............. 29 Pannariaconoplea ............. 54 Lindera melissifolia ............ 27 Megaceros aenigmaticus ........ 53 Parietariafloridana ........ 77,103 Lindera subcoriacea........ 27, 101 Melanelia stygia ............... 54 Parietariapensylvanica ......... 77 Lindernia monticola ............ 73 Melanthium woodii ............. 29 Parietariapraetermissa .......... 31 Lindernia saxicola ............. 73 Melica nitens ............... 29 Parnassiacaroliniana. ........ 31 Linumfloridanum var chrysocarpum27 Menyanthes trifoliata ...... .... 29 Parnassiagrandifolia ...... 31, 102 Linum sulcatum var sulcatum .... 27 Mertensia virginica ............ 75 Paronychiaherniarioldes......... 31 Liparisloeselii .............. 27 Metzgeriafruticulosa........... 52 Paronychiamontana ........... 77 Lipocarphamicrantha .......... 27 Metzgeriafurcatavar setigera .... 91 Partheniumauriculatum ........ 31 Listera australis .............. 73 Metzgeria pubescens ........... 92 Partheniumintegrifolium var Listera cordata.............. 73 Metzgeria uncigera ............ 92 mabryanum ....... 77

110 Paspalum bifidum ............. 77 Poapalustris ................. 32 Ranunculus ambigens .........

                                                                                                                  .            34 Paspalum dissectum .............       31  Poasaltuensis ...... ;.........          32 Ranunculusfascicularis.........          34 Paspalumfluitans..............         77  Polemonium reptans......... 32, 79          Ranunculusflabellaris..........          34 Paspalumpraecox .........         77, 103  Polygalagrandiflora ...........          32 Ranunculus hederaceus .........          34 Paspalumpubiflorum ...........         77  Polygalahookeri ..............           32 Ranunculus laxicaulis ..........         81 Paspalumvaginatum ...........          77  Polygala nana .................          32 Ranunculus micranthus .........          34 Paxistima canbyi ..............        77  Polygalasenega ...............           79 Reboulia hemisphaericassp dioica 92 Pedicularislanceolata ..........       31  Polygonellaamericana .........           79 Rhabdoweisia crenulata.........          48 Pediomelum canescens...... 78, 103         Polygonella articulata ..........        32 Rhachithecium perpusillum ......          48 Pellaeaatropurpurea ........       78, 95  Polygonellagracilis .........        79, 99 Rhexia aristosa ................         34 Pellaea wrightiana.............        31  Polygonum amphibium ..........           32 Rhexia cubensis ...............           34 Pellia appalachiana............        92  Polygonum erectum ............           79 Rhododendron cumberlandense ... 34 Peltandrasagittifolia ............ 31  Polygonum glaucum ............           33 Rhododendronprinophyllum .....            34 Penstemon smallii .............        78  Polygonum hirsutum ...........           33 Rhododendron vaseyi ...........           34 Persea borbonia...............         78  Polygonum r. varprolificum .....         79 Rhus michauxii.................          35 Phaceliacovillei ............ 31, 102   Polygonum scandens var crstatum 79          Rhynchospora alba ............           35 Phaceliamaculata .............         78  Polygonum tenue ..............           79 Rhynchospora breviseta ..........        35 Phanopyrum gymnocarpon ......          78  Polymnia canadensis ...........          80 Rhynchospora careyana.........            81 Phaseolus sinuatus .............       78  Polytrichum appalachianum .....          90 Rhynchospora cephalanthavar Phegopteris connectilis .......... 31  Ponthievaracemosa ............           33             attenuata . ...........       81 Philadelphushirsutus ..........        78  Populusgrandidentata..........           80 Rhynchospora crinipes ..........          35 Philadelphusinodorus ..........        78  Porella wataugensis ............         53 Rhynchospora decurrens ........           35 Phlox amplifolia ...............       78  Porpidiadiversa ...............          55 Rhynchospora divergens ........           35 Phlox divaricatassp divaricata . . . 78    Porpidiaherteliana ............          55 Rhynchospora globularis var Phlox divaricatassp laphamil .... 78       Porpidiamacrocarpa...........            93             pinetorum...........         35 Phlox subulata ................ 31         Porpidiatuberculosa ...........          93 Rhynchospora harperi ..........           35 Physalis lanceolatasensu stricto . . 79    Porteranthusstipulatus .........         33 Rhynchospora inundata .........          81 Physciapseudospeciosa .........        55  Portulacasmallii ..............          33 Rhynchospora leptocarpa ... 81, 103 Phytolaccarigida ; ............        79  Potamogeton confervoides .......         33 Rhynchospora macra ...........            35 Pierisfloribunda ...........       79, 95  Prenanthesalba ...............           33 Rhynchospora macrostachyavar Pinguicula lutea ...............       31  Prenanthesroanensis...........           33             colpophila .......... 81 Pinguiculapumila .............         31  Prosartesmaculata ............           80 Rhynchospora microcarpa.......            81 Pityopsisg. vargraminifolia .....      31  Prunusalabamensis ............           80 Rhynchospora nitens .......         82, 103 Plagiochasmaintermedium ......         52  Prunusalleghaniensis ..........          80 Rhynchospora odorata ..........           35 Plagiochasmawrightii ..........        52  Prunusnigra .................            80 Rhynchospora oligantha ........           35 Plagiochilaaustinii ............       52  Prunus pumila var susquehanae . . 33        Rhynchospora pallida ..........           82 Plagiochilacaduciloba .....       52, 101  Prunusumbellata ............... 80          Rhynchosporapleiantha.........            35 Plagiochilacolumbiana .....       92, 102  Psilotum nudum ...............           33 Rhynchospora scirpoides ........          35 Plagiochilacorniculata .........       52  Ptelea trifoliata ...............        80 Rhynchospora stenophylla .......          82 Plagiochiladubia ..............        52  Pteroglossaspisecristata ........        33 Rhynchospora thornei ..........           35 Plagiochilaechinata ...........        52  Ptilidium ciliare ...............        53 Rhynchospora tracyi ...........           35 Plagiochilaludoviciana .........       52  Ptilidiumpulcherrimum .........          92 Rhynchospora wrightiana ........         82 Plagiochilamiradorensis wr                 Ptilimnium costatum .... ........ 33        Rhytidium rugosum ............            48 miradorensis .....          52  Ptilimnium nodosum........... 1, 33         Riccardiajugata...............            53 Plagiochilasharpii.............. 52        Ptilimnium sp I ...............          33 Robinia hartwegii..............           36 Plagiochilasullivantii var spinigera 52    Punctelia reddenda ............          92 Robinia hispida varfertilis....... 36 Plagiochilasullivantii var sullivantHi53   Pycnanthemum clinopodioides .... 80         Robinia hispida var kelseyi ......        36 Plagiochilaundata ...........          92  Pycnanthemum setosum ..........          80 Robinia hispida var rosea .......         82 Plagiochilavirginica var caroliniana53     Pycnanthemum torrei .......         34, 102 Robinia viscosa ...............           82 Plagiochilavirginica var euryphylla 92     Pycnanthemum virginianum......           34 Rubus idaeus ssp strigosus .......        36 Plagiochilavirginica var virginica 53      Pyrolaamericana...............           80 Rudbeckia heliopsidis ...........         36 Plagiomniumcarolinianum ......         48  Pyrolaelliptica ................         34 Rudbeckia laciniatavar humdis ... 82 Plantagocordata ..............         31  Pyxidanthera b. var breWfolia ....       34 Rudbeckia triloba var pinnatiloba . 36 Plantagosparsiflora ...........        32  Quercus austrina .............. 34          Rudbeckia triloba var rupestris ... 82 Platantherablephariglottis .. 79, 103      Quercus bicolor ...............          80 Ruellia ciliosa ................          36 Platantheraflavavar herbibla .... 32       Quercus ilicifolia ..........       34, 101 Ruellia humilis ................          36 Platantheragrandiflora......... 32         Quercus imbricaria ......         ..... 81  Ruelliapurshiana..............            36 Platantheraintegra ............        32  Quercus minima ............. 81, 103        Ruellia strepens ...............          36 Platantheraintegrilabia.........       32  Quercus muehlenbergii ..........         81 Rugelia nudicaulis .............          36 Platantheranivea ..............        32  Quercuspalustris..............           81 Rumex altissimus ............... 82 Platantheraperamoena .........         32  Quercusprinoides .............           34 Sabalpalmetto................             36 Platismatiaglauca .............        92  Quercuspumila ...........           81, 103 Sabatia campestris .............          82 Platydictyaconfervoides ........       48  Radula sullivantii .............. 53        Sabatia capitata ...............          82 Platyhypnidiumpringlei ..........      48  Radula tenax .................           92 Sabatia dodecandra .....         82, 99, 103 Poanemoralis ...............            79 Radula voluta .................          53 Sabatia kennedyana ............. 36 Poapaludigena .........                32  Ranunculus allegheniensis .......        81 Sabatia quadrangula ........... 82

III Sageretia minutiflora ........... 36 Seymeria pectinata ............. 39 Spiranthes brevilabrisvarfloridana 41 Saginaprocumbens ............. 83 Shortia galacifoliavar breistyla . . 39 Spiranthes eatonii ... ......... 86 Sagittariacalycina var spongiosa . 83 Shortia galacifoliavar galacifola . 39 Spiranthes lacera var lacera . 41, 100 Sagittariaengelmanniana . . . 83, 103 Sibbaldiopsis tridentata.84 Spiranthes laciniata............ 41 Sagittariafasciculata........... 36 Sida elliotti .39 Spiranthes longilabris........... 41 Sagittariagraminea var chapmani 37 Sideroxylon lycioides .85 Spiranthes lucida .............. 41 Sagittariag. var weatherbiana ... 37 Sideroxylon tenax .39 Spiranthes ochroleuca .......... 41 Sagittariaisoetiformis .......... 37 Silene caroliniana.85 Spirodelapolyrrhiza ............ 86 Sagittariaplatyphylla ........... 83 Silene ovata .39 Splachnum pennsylvanicum ...... 49 Sagittariastagnorum ........... 37 Silphium asteriscus var laevicaule . 85 Sporobolus heterolepis.......... 41 Salvia azurea . .. 37 Silphium connatum . . 39 Sporoboluspinetorum .......... 86 Sanguinariacanadensis ......... 83 Silphium perfoliatum . . 39 Sporobolus teretifoliussmsu stricto 41 Sanguisorbacanadensis..... 83, 103 Silphium terebinthinaceum.. 39 Sporobolus virginicus........... 41 Sarraceniaflava......... i.. 83, 95 Sisyrinchium dichotomum .. 39 Slachys clingmanii ............. 41 Sarraceniajonesii............. 37 Smilax biltmoreana . . 85 Slachys eplingii ............... 41 Sarraceniaminor . .... 37 Smilax hugeri. .  ; 39 Stachys nuttallii ............... 41 Sarraceniaoreophila . . 37 Smilax lasioneura............... 39 Stachys spl ................. 41 Sarraceniapurpureassp venosa . . 83 Solanum pseudogracile .. 40 Slachys tenuifolia var tmuifolia ... 86 Sarraceniarubrassp rubra ...... 83 Solidago arguta var argula.. 85 Stellaria alsine................. 41 Saxifraga careyana ............ 83 Solidago lancifolia . . 85 Stellaria corei ............. 86 Saxifraga caroliniana .......... 37 Solidago leavenworthii .. 40 Stenanthium robustum .... ..... 41 Saxifragapensylvanica ......... 37 Solidago patula var strictula.. 85 Stewartia ovata ............. 41 Scapania mucronata ........... 53 Solidagoplumosa ........... 40, 96 Sticta limbata ....... 55 Schisandraglabra .............. 37 Solidagoptarmicoides .......... 40 Streptopus amplexifolius ........ 42 Schizachyrium littorale ......... 83 Solidagopuberulavarpuberula .. 85 Streptopus roseus var roseus ..... 86 Schlotheimia lancifolia.......... 48 Solidagopulchra .......... 40, 101 Stylisma aquatica ............. . 42 Schoenolirion croceum .......... 83 Solidago radula............  :.40 Stylisma pickeringi varpickeringii 42 Schoenoplectus acutus .......... 37 Solidago rigidassp glabrata ..... 40 Symphotrichum oblongifolius. 42 Schoenoplectus americanus ...... 83 Solidago rigidassp rigida ....... 40 Symphyotrichumfirmum . 101 Schoenoplectus californicus ...... 83 Solidagosimulans ......... 40, 102 Symphyotrichum georgianum. 42, 101 Schoenoplectus etuberculatus .. .. 37 Solidago spithamaea ........... 40 Symphyotrichum 1.var oncinnum . 42 Schoenoplectus subterminalis .... 37 Solidago squarrosa ............ 40 Symphyotrichum laeve var laeve . . 42 Schwalbea americana .......... 37 Solidago tortifolia ............. 40 Symphyotrichum parviceps ... 42, 101 Scirpus divaricatus............. 83 Solidago uliginosa ............. 40 Symphyotrichum shortii ..... 42, 101 Scirpusflaccidifoilius........... 38 Solidago ulmifolia ............. 85 Symphyotrichum sp I .... 42, 96, 101 Scirpus lineatus ............... 38 Solidago verna ................ 40 Synandra hispidula ............. 42 Scirpuspendulus ............... 38 Solidago villosicarpa 40, 96, 101, 102 Syngonanthusflavidulus ........ 86 Scleriabaldwinii .............. 38 Sparganium chlorocarpum....... 41 Syrrhopodon incompletus ........ 49 Scleria georgiana.............. 38 Spartinapectinata ........... 41 Talinum mengesii .......... 42, 101 Scleriareticularis.............. 38 Spergulariamarina ........... 85 Taxiphyllum alternans .......... 49 Scleriasp I ................. 38, 96 Sphagnum angustifolium ......... 49 Taxiphyllum cuspidifolium ....... 90 Scleria verticillata ............. 38 Sphagnum capillifolium ......... 49 Taxus canadensis .............. 42 Sclerotepisuniflora ............ 84 Sphagnum contortum ........... 49 Teloschistesflavicans ........... 55 Scopelophila cataractae.......... 49 Sphagnum cuspidatum ...... 94, 103 Thalictrum cooleyi ............. 42 Scopelophila ligulata ........... 49 Sphagnum fallax ............... 49 Thalictrum macrostylum ........ 42 Scutellaria arguta ............. 38 Sphagnumfltzgeraldii .......... 49 Thaspium pinnatifidum ..... 42, 102 Scutellaria australis............ 38 Sphagnumflavicomans.......... 49 Thelypteris simulata............ 42 Scutellariagalericulata ..... i... 38 Sphagnumflexuosum ........... 49 Thermopsisfraxinifolia .......... 43 Scutellaria leonardii............ 38 Sphagnumfuscum ............. 49 Thermopsis mollis sensu stricto ... 43 Scutellarianervosa ............. 38 Sphagnum henryense ........... 49 Thermopsis villosa .86 Scutellaria ovata ssp bracteata ... 84 Sphagnum pylaesii ............. 49 Thuja occidentalis .86 Scutellaria ovata ssp ovata . 84 Sphagnum russowii ............ 49 Tilia americanavar americana ... 86 Scutellaria ovata ssp rugosa ...... 84 Sphagnum squarrosum.......... 49 Tofieldia glabra.86, 102. Scutellariapseudoserraa. 84 Sphagnum strictum ......... 94, 103 Tofleldia glutinosa .43 Scutellaria saxatilis .38 Sphagnum subsecundum ......... 49 Torreyochloapallida .43 Scutellaria serrata.84 Sphagnum tenellum ............ 49 Tortellaflavovirens .90 Sebastianiafruticosa.38 Sphagnum tenerum ......... 94, 103 Tortula ammonsiana .49 Sedum glaucophyllum .38 Sphagnum torreyanum .......... 49 Tortulafragilis.50 Sedum pusillum .39 Sphagnum warnstorfii .......... 49 Tortulapapillosa.50 Sedum rosea .39 Sphenolobopsis pearsonii .... 53, 101 Tradescantiavirginiana.43 Senecio obovatus .84 Sphenopholis intermedia ........ 85 Triadenum tubulosum.87 Senecio plattensis.39 Spigelia marilandica ........... 41 Trichomanes boschianum 43 Senecio schweinitzianus.39 Spiraea alba ................ 86 Trichomanes intricatum .87 Senna hebecarpa .84 Spiraea betulifolia ssp corymbosa . 41 Trichomanespetersii. 43 Sesuvium maritimum .39 Spiraea latifolia ............... 86 Trichophorum cespitosum . 43 Sesuvium portulacastrum. 39 Spiraea virginiana ............. 41 Trichostema brachiatum .43

112 Trichostema setaceum .......... 87 Xanthoparmelia monticola ....... 55 Trichostema sp I .............. 43 Xerophyllum asphodeloides ...... 89 Tridens ambiguus .............. 43 Xyris brevifolia ................ 45 Tridens carolinianus ........... 43 Xyris chapmanii .............. 45 Tridens chapmanii ............. 43 Xyris difformis var curtissii ...... 89 Tridens strictus................ 44 Xyris difformis varfloridana ..... 45 Trientalis borealis ............. 44 Xyris iridifolia................ 89 Trifolium carolinianum ......... 44 Xyris scabrifolia............... 45 Trifolium reflexum ............. 87 Xyris serotina ................ 45 Trillium catesbaei.............. 87 Xyris smalliana................ 89 Trillium cuneatum ............. 87 Xyris stricta ................ 45 Trillium discolor............... 44 Yucca aloifolia ................ 89 Trillium erectum ............... 87 Yuccaflaccida ................ 89 Trilliumflexipes ................ 44 Yucca gloriosa ................ 45 Trillium grandiflorum .......... 87 Zannichellia palustris........... 90 Trillium luteum ................ 87 Zanthoxylum americanum ....... 90 Trilliumpusillum var I .......... 44 Zephyranthes simpsonii ..... 45, 101 Trillium pusillum varpusilum .... 44 Zigadenus elegansssp glaucus ... 46 Trillium pusillum var virginianum . 44 Zigadenus leimanthoides ........ 46 Trillium recurvatum ............ 44 Zizania aquatica ................ 90 Trillium rugelii................ 87 Zosterella dubia .......... ; .90 Trillium sessile ................ 44 Trillium simile ................. 44 Trillium undulatum ............ 87 Triosteum angustifolium ......... 87 Triosteum aurantiacum .. ....... 88 Triphora trianthophora .......... 88 Trisetum spicatum ............. 44 Tritomariae. ssp exsectiformis ... 53 Tsuga caroliniana ............. 88 Typha domingensis ............. 88 Urticachamaedryoides ......... 44 Usneaangulata ............... 55 Utriculariacornuta ............ 44 Utriculariafloridana........... 44 Utriculariafoliosa ............. 88 Utriculariageminiscapa ........ 44 Utriculariamacrorhiza ......... 44 Utriculariaminor .............. 44 Utriculariaolivacea ............ 44 Utriculariaresupinata .......... 44 Vaccinium hirsutum ............ 88 Vaccinium macrocarpon ........ 45 Vaccinium virgatum ............ 45 Valerianellaumbilicata ......... 88 Verbena riparia ............... 45 Verbena scabra ................ 88 Verbena stricta................ 88 Verbesina helianthoides ......... 88 Verbesina walteri .............. 45 Veronica americana ............ 45 Veronica anagallis-aquatica ..... 88 Veronicastrum virginicum ....... 88 Vigna luteola ................. 88 Viola appalachiensis ........... 45 Viola brittoniana ...........  :.. 89 Viola conspersa ............... 89 Viola villosa .................. 89 Viola walteri .................. 45 Vittaria appalachiana .......... 89 Waldsteiniafsspfragarioides .... 89 Waldsteinia lobata ......... 45, 102 Warea cuneifolia .............. 45 Warnstorftafluitans ............ 50 Woodsia appalachiana.......... 45 Woodsia ilvensis .............. 45

NC NIFIP County Element Search 2cxj4QPage Ilof 7 NC NHP County Elem~ent Search Results Returned Elements: 182 using:Mammal LISTED [Mammal 182] State Federal Staite Global County - Map - Maior Group Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Raink Rank Status Habitat Mammal Canis rufus Red Wolf SR EXN S1 Gi Beaufort - Link Obscure Mammal Canis rufus Red Wolf SR EXN SI Gi Dare - Ln Current Ln Mammal Canis rufus Red Wolf SR EXN St Gi Hyde - Link Current Mammal Canis rufus Red Wolf SR EXN SI GI Tyrrell - Link Current Mammal Canis rufus Red Wolf SR EXN SI Gi Washington Link

                                                                                                     - Current Mammal         Condylura cristata pop 1 Star-nosed Mole - Coastal   SC      -      S2      G5T20     Bladen -        Ln Plain Population                                            Current          Ln Mammal         Condylura cristata pop 1 Star-nosed Mole - Coastal   SC      -      S2      G5T20     Brunswick - Link Plain Population                                            Current Mammal        ICondylura crnstata pop 1 Star-nosed Mole - Coastal   SC      -     S2       G5T2Q     Currituck -     Link Plain Population                                             Historic Mammal        ICondylura cristata pop I Star-nosed Mole - Coastal   SC     -      S2       G5T20     Dare -          Ln Plain Population                                             Current          Ln Mammal        ICondylura cnistata pop 1 Star-nosed Mole - Coastal  SC      -      S2       G5T20     Hoke -          Ln Plain Population                                             Current          Ln Star-nosed Mole - Coastal. SCS                                 MHecklenburg Link

.Mammal _ Condylura cristata pop I .1G5T2Q Hstoric Plain Population- - Mammal- Condylura cristata pop I Star-niosod~lole~-'Co *sC- Moore - Plain Population . SC 52 G5T20 Historic Link Star-nosed Mole - Coastal S New Mammal Condylura crnstata pop I - 2 G5T20 Hanover- Link Plain Population Historic Mammal Condylura cnistata pop 1 Star-nosed Mole - Coastal S Plain Population - S2 G5T2Q_ Pitt - Current Link Mammal Condylura cristata pop I Star-nosed Mole - Coastal S S2 G5T20 Randolph - Link Plain Population - Current Mammal Condylura crnstatapop 1 Star-nosed Mole - Coastal SC Richmond - Link Plain Population - S2 G5T20 Current Mammal Condylura cristata pop I Star-nosed Mole - Coastal SC Robeson - Link Plain Population - S2 G5T2Q Historic Mammal Condylura cristata pop I Star-nosed Mole - Coastal S Sampson - Link Plain Population - 2 G5T20 Current Mammal Condylura cristata pop 1 Star-nosed Mole - Coastal S S2 G5T2Q Scotland - Link Plain Population - Historic Mammal Condylura cristata pop I Star-nosed Mole - Coastal S

                                                                               -  S2       G5T2Q     Wake -          Ln Plain Population                                             Current          Ln Mammal       Condylura cristata pop 1   Star-nosed Mole - Coastal  SC             S2       G5T2Q     Washington      Ln Plain Population                       -
                                                                                                     -Historic        Ln Mammal       Corynorhinus rafinesquil   Rafinesque's Big-eared     T       FSC    S3       G3G4      Alexander -     Link Bat                                                          Historic Mammal       Corynorhinus rafinesquft   Rafinesque's Big-eared     T                                 Beaufort -      Link Bat                                FSC     53      G3G4      Historic Mammal       Cotynorhinus rafinesquli   Rafinesque's Big-eared     T                                 Bertie -        Ln Bat                                FSC     53      G3G4 Current          Ln Mammal       Cotynorhinus rafinesqufi   Rafinesque's Big-eared     T~

FSC S3 G3G4 Bladen - Ln Bat Current Ln Mammal Coiynorhinus rartnesquii Rafinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 G3G4 Brunswick - Link Bat Current Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesquli Rafinesque's Big-eared T Buncombe - Link BatT FSC 83 G3G4 Historic http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find~php1/725 I IM2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 2 of 7 Ratinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 G3G4 Burke - Ln Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesquRi Current Link Bat Corynorhinus rafinesqui# Rafinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 G3G4 Cherokee - Link Mammal Bat Historic Corynorhinus rafinesquli Rafinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 G3G4 Chowan Lin Mammal Current Link Bat Columbus - Link Mammal Coiynorhinus rafinesqufi Rafinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 G3G4 Historic Bat Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesquii Rafinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 G3G4 Darent Link Bat Current Link Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesquR Rafinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 G3G4 Gatesh- Link Bat Current Link Corynorhinus rafinesquli Rtafinesque's Big-eared T FSC 53 G3G4 Graham - Link Mammal Bat Current Link Mammal G3G4 Hoken- Link Corynorhinus rafinesqu#i Rafinesques Big-eared T FSC S3 Obscure Link G3G4 Macon - Link Mammal Cotynorhinus rafinesqui: Bat T FSC S3 Current Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesquii Rafinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 G3G4 Madison - Link Bat Historic Bat FSC S3 Martin - Ln Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesquii Rafinesque's Big-eared T G3G4 Current Link Bat Rafinesque's Big-eared T FSC S3 Pender- Link Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesqu# G3G4 Current Bat Ratinesques Big-eared T E FSC S Perquimans Link Mammal Corynorhinus rafinesqudi G3G4

                                                                                          - Current Cotynorhinus raffnesquii         Rafirnesques Big-eared   T  FSC S3  G3G4 Richmond -      Link Mammal                                      Bat                                           Current, Cot yrorhinius rafinesqul         Biat q es i-ae Raie                       FSC -S3 Mammal                                                                          G3G4      Robesonm-       Link Cory   r fine qullRafinesque's Big-eared usorhi                                           FC  S           'Current Coyohiuainsut           Bat                      T  FC  S             Swainh-         Link Mammal                                                                          G3G4      Current          in Cotynorhinus rafinesquli         Rafinlesque's Big-eared  T  FSC S3 Bat                                           Transylvania    Link Mammal                                                                          G3G4      - Historic
           ~Corynorhinus rafinesquii        Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat T  FSC S3 Mammal                                                                          G3G4      Tyrrell -       Link Current
           ,Corynorhinusrafinesquil         Rafinesque's Big-eared   T  FSC  53 Bat                                           Washington      Ln Mammal                                                                          G3G4      - Current        Ln Corynorhinus raftnesquli         Rafinesque's Big-eared   T  FSC S3 Bat                                           Wayne -         Link Mammal                                                                          G3G4      Historic Cotynorhinus rafinsesqui         VrginiaqeBig-eared  Ba    T ES  S3 Mammal                                                                                    Avery -         Link virginianusV                        rg n a B g e r d at    E  ES     G4T2      Current Mammal      Corynorhinus townsendii         Virginia Big-eared Bat   E  E   Si  G4T2 Watauga -       Link virginianus                                                                    Obscure Corynorhinus townsendii          Virginia Big-eared Bat   E  E   Si            Yancey-         Link Mammal     virginianus                                                          G4T2      Current Avery -         Link Mammal      Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus     Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel E  E   S2  G5T1      Current Buncombe -      Link Mammal      Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus     Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel E  E   S2  G5T1      Current Glaucomys    sabrinus  coloratus Carolina Northern Flying                      Graham -        Link Mammal               Glau        omysSquirrel                         E  E   S2  G5T1      Current Mammal     Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus     Carolina Northern Flying E  E   S2  G5T1 Haywood         Lin Squirrel                                      Current          Ln Mammal     Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus     Carolina Northern Flying E  E   S2  G5T1      Jackson -       Link Squirrel                                      Current Mammal     Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus     Carolina Northern Flying E  E                 McDowell -      Link S2  G5T1      Current Squirrel Mammal      Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus     Carolina Northern Flying E  E   S2  G5T1 G51 Mitchell Current -       Link Squirrel Mammal     Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus     Carolina Northern Flying E  E   S2  G5T1      Swain   -       Link Squirrel                                      Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                                     11/7/2005

NCearhNP CuntyEleent Pae 3of NC NBP County Element Search Page 3 of 7 Mammal Glaucomys sabnnus sabrnus olortusCarolina coloratus Squirrel Northern Flying E E S2 G5T1 Transylvania Link

                                                                                                  - Current      L Mammal     Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus     Squirrel                  E   E    S2      G5TI      Watauga -      Link Current        L coloratus  Carolina Northern Flying rsabrinus                               G5T1      Yancey -       Link Mammal     Glaucomys sbusclrusSquirrel                                E   E    S2 Current Microtus chrotonrhinus           Southern Rock Vole                         G4T3     Averyw-         Link Mammal                                                                SC  FSC  S3 carolinensis                                                                         Current Mammal     Microtus chrotorrhinus           Southern Rock Vole        SC  FSC  S3      G4T3      Haywood-       Link carolinensis                                                                          Current Mammal     Microtus chrotonrhinus           Southern Rock Vole        SC  FSC  S3      G4T3     Jackson-        Link carolinensis                                                                          Historic Mammal     Microtus chrotorrhinus           Southern Rock Vole        SC  FSC  S3      G4T3      Macon;         Link carolinensis                                                                      I   Historic       Ln Mammal      Microtus chrotorrhinus           Southern Rock Vole                              G43 Swain -         Ln carotinensis                                               SC  FSC  S3 G4T3      Obscure         Link Mammal      Microtus chrotorrhinus           Southern Rock Vole        SC  FSC  S3     G4T3      Yancey -        Link carolinensis                                                                         Current Mammal      Myotis austroriparius            Southeastem Myotis        SC  FSC  S2?         G34 Bertie -         Ln Mammal      Myotis austrorparius             Southeastern Myotis       SC  FSC  S2?    G3G4      Current         Link G3G4      ObsCurre        Link Mammal     Myots austroriparius             Southeastern Myotis        SC FSC  S2?     G3G4      Chowan-         Link Obscure Mammal     Myotis austroriparius            Southeastern Myotis        SC FSC  S2?     G3G4      Clay -          Link Current Mammal     Myotis austrodparius             Southeastern Myotis        SC FSC  S2?     G3G4      Columbus    -   Link Mammal     Myotis austroriparlus            Southeastern Myotis        SC FSC  S2?     G3G4      Current         Link SC FSC  S2?     G3G4      Current         Link Mammal     Myotis austroriparius            Southeastern Myotis                                  Gatesax -

Mammal Myotis austroriparius Southeastern Myotis SC FSC S2? Martin - G3G4 Link Current New Mammal Myotis austroriparius Southeastern Myotis SC FSC S2? G3G4 Hanover- Link Current Mammal Myotis austroriparius Southeastern Myotis SC FSC S2? Pender- Link G3G4 Current Mammal Myotis austroriparius Southeastern Myotis SC FSC S2? Robeson- Link G3G4 Current Mammal Myotis austroriParus Southeastern Myotis SC FSC S2? G3G4 Wake- Unk Historic Ln Mammal Myotis grisescens Gray Myotis E E SA Buncombe - Link G3 Historic Eastern Small-footed Alleghany- Link Mammal Myotis leibil Myotis SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Historic Eastern Small-footed Averya- Link Mammal Myots leibib Myotis SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Current Eastern Small-footed Bunombe Link Mammal SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Historic Myotis leibli Myotis Un Eastern Small-footed Graham - Link Mammal SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Myotis leibil Myotis Current Mammal Eastern Small-footed SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Henderson - Link Myotis leibli Myotis Current Eastern Small-footed Macon - Link Mammal Myotis leibi Myotis SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Current Mammal Myots IebiiEastern Small-footed Rutherford - Ln Myobis leibii . Myotis SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Current Ln Myotis Ieibii . Eastern Small-footed Swain - in Mammal Myods eibiiMyotis SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Current Ln Mammal Myotis leibli Eastern Small-footed SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Yancey- Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 1I1/72005

Page 4 of 7 NHP County Element Search NC NBP Page 4 of 7 Myotis Current Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - UBSN G4 Ashe - Link SC Woodrat-CNaGaCurrent Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUBdS3N G4 Avery - Link Current Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC Woodrat3N G4 SC WoBt G Buncombe Historic - Link Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis EastemSN SC - SUB,S3N G44 Burke - Current Link Mammal Myotis septentnionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUB,S3N G4 CHistoric Link Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUB,S3N G4 Graham - Link SC - SUB,S3N G4 Current Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northem Myotis SC - SUB,S3N G4 Current Link rcoe-nt Current Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUB,S3N G4 Link Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUB,S3N G4 Current Link Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUBS3N G4 urrntyl Link Current Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUB,S3N G4 SWane - Link Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUBS3N G4 Tranya- Link

                                                                                                 - Current Mammal     Myotis septentrionalis        Northern Myotis            SC    -      SUB,S3N G4    Historic           Link I

Mammal Myotis septentrionalis Northern Myotis SC - SUB,S3N%G4 Watauga-Current Link 2 Mammal Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis EE E SUB,SZN UBSN G2G2 GCurrent Historic Link Mammal Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis E E SUB,SZN G2 Jackson - Link Historic Mammal Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis E E UBSN G2 Mitchell - Link E E S1 N GS5 Historic Mammal Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis T - S1B N G5T5 Rutherford - Link Current Mammal Myotis sodalis Indiana Myotis E E SUBSZN G2 Swain - Link Current Eastern Woodrat - Coastal T Si G5T5 Bunswick Mammal s Neotoma floridana iordana - - Link Plain Population Historic Mammal Neotoma slordana liosdana Eastern Woodratooastal

                                                            -

T - Si G5T5 Carteret- Link Plain Population Historic New Eastern Woodrat - Coastal T Si G5T5 Hanover-Mammal Neotoma floridana flofidana - Link Plain Population Current Mammal Neotoma floridana floridana Eastern Woodrat - Coastal T - S G5T5 Onslow - Link Plain Population T - S G5T5 Current Eastern Woodrat - Coastal T - S G5T5 Pender - Mammal Neotoma floridana floridana Link Plain Population T - S G5T5 Current Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floidana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSS3 5T40 Buncornbe - Link SC FSS3 5T40 Current Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T40 Burke Current-Link Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T40 Catawba - Link Population Current Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T4Q Haywood - Link current Population Eastern Woodrat - http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/72005

Page 5 of 7 NHP County Element NC NBF Search Element Search Page 5 of 7 Mammal Neotoma flordana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T4Q Henderson - Link Population Current Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T40 Jackson-Current Link Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T4Q Macon- Link G5T4Q Current Link Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T4Q Madison - Link Current Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T4Q McDowell Current - Link Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 GT0 Polk- Ln G5T4Q Current Link Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma flordana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T4Q Rutherford - Link Current Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T40 Swain - Link Current Population Eastern Woodrat - Mammal Neotoma floridana haematoreia Southern Appalachian SC FSC S3 G5T4Q Transylvania Link Population Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 Avery - Link Current Mammal Neotomna magister Allegheny.Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 Buncombe Link Current Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4G3G Curkent Current Ln Link G513 Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S2 G34 Caidwellt Obscure - Link Lin Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 Iredell - Ln Current Link Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 McDowell- Link Current Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 Mitchell - Link Obscure Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S2 G3G4 Watauga - Link Current Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S2 G35T4 Yancey- Link Pungo White-footed G5T1 Currituck Link Mammal Peromyscus leucopus easti Mouse SC - S2 Current

                                                                                                    -

Mammal Puma concolor couguar Eastern Cougar E E SH G5TH Brunswick Historic - Link Eastern Cougar Buncombe - Mammal Puma concolor couguar E E SH G5TH Historic Link Mammal Puma concolor couguar Eastern Cougar E E SH G5TH Carteret Link Obscure - Mammal Puma concolor couguar Eastern Cougar E E SH G5TH Haywood - Link Historic Mammal Puma concolor couguar Eastern Cougar E E SH G35TH Montgomery Link Mammal Puma concolor couguar Eastern Cougar E E SH Historic

                                                                                     -5Th                  Ln G5TH     OSlwai      -         Ln Mammal      Puma concolor couguar          Eastern Cougar       E  E     SH           Historjc              Ln G5TH     Swaince     -         Link Mammal      Puma concolor couguar          Eastern Cougar       E  E     SH           Historic Mammal      Sorex dispar                   Long-tailed Shrew    SC -     S2  G4       Avery     -           Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                                    1IM2005

N P n l t ra o NC NBP County Element Search Page 6 of 7 Current Mammal Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew SC - S2 G4 Buncombe - Link Current S2 G4 Haywood - Link Mammal Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew SC - Current S2 G4 Macon - Ln Mammal Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew SC - Current Ln Swain- Link Mammal Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew SC - S2 G4 Historic Link Transylvania Link Mammal Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew SC - S2 G4 - Historic Long-tailed Shrew SC S2 G4 Yancey- Link Mammal Sorex dispar - Current Mammal Sorex palustris punctulatus G5T3 Avery - Link Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 Current L Mammal Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 Buncombe - Link Current Mammal Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 Clay - Link Historic Mammal Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 Haywood- Link Historic Mammal Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 Macon - Link Current Link Mammal Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 Swain - Link Historic Mammal Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 Watauga - Link Obscure Mammal Sylviiagus transitionalis New England Cottontail SR FSC S3 G4 Alleghany - Lin k Current Mammal Syvlgus tastoai Mammal iSylvilagus transitionalis New England Cottontail SR FSC S3 G4 Ashe - Link Current Link Mammal Sylvilagus transitionalis New England Cottontail SR FSC S3 G4 Averyl- Link Current Mammal Sylvilagus transitionalis New England Cottontail SR FSC S3 G4 Clay - Link Current Mammal Sylvilagus transitionalis New England Cottontail SR FSC S3 G4 Graham - Link Current Mammal Sylvilagus transitionalis New England Cottontail SR FSC S3 G4 Haywood- Link Current Link SR FSC S3 G4 Macon - Link Mammal Sylvilagus transitionalis New England Cottontail Current New England Cottontail SR FSC S3 G4 Mitchell - Link Mammal Sylvilagus transitionalis Current SR FSC S3 Swain - Ln Mammal Sylvilagus transitionalis New England Cottontail G4 Current Link Mammal Sylvilagus transitionalis New England Cottontail SR FSC S3 G4 Transylvania Link

                                                                                - Historic Watauga -       Unk Mammal      Sylvilagus transitionalis     New England Cottontail SR FSC S3  G4   Historic FSC S3  G4 Yancey -        Link Mammal      Sylvilagus transitionatis     New England Cottontail SR              Current West Indian Manatee    E  E   SiN G2 Beaufort -      Link Mammal      Trichechus manatus                                                   Current West Indian Manatee    E  E   SiN G2 Brunswick -     Ln Mammal      Trichechus manatus                                                   Current         Ln West Indian Manatee    E  E   SiN G2 Carteret -      Link Mammal      Trichechus manatus                                                   Current West Indian Manatee    E  E   SIN G2 Craven -        Link Mammal      Trichechus manatus                                                   Current West Indian Manatee    E  E   SiN G2 Currituck -     Link Mammal     Trichechus manatus Current Mammal     Trichechus manatus            West Indian Manatee    E  E   SiN G2   Dare -          Link http://207.4. 179.50/nhp/find.php                                                          I11/72005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 7 of 7 Current Mammal Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E E SIN G2 Hyde - Link Current New Mammal Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E E SiN G2 Hanover- Link Current Mammal Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E ESIN G2 Onslow - Link E S1iN G2 Current Mammal Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E E SIN G2 Pamlico - Link Historic Mammal Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E E SiN G2 Pender- Link Current Mammal Trichechus manatus West Indian Manatee E E Si N G2 Pitt - Current Link NC NHP database updated: January, 2004. Search performed on Monday, 7 November 2005 @ 11:42:06 EST Explanation of Codes

                                                        ~ ~~

I-. .: , I . .1 - http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/72005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 1 of 12 NC NHP County Element Search Results Returned Elements: 333 using:Bird LISTED [Bird 333] Scientific Name Common Name State Federal State Global County - Map - Maior GrouF Status Status Rank Rank Status Habitat Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 Southern Appalachian T FSC S2B,S2N G5T? Avery - Link Northern Saw-whet Owl Current Southern Appalachian S2B,S2N G5T? Buncombe - Bird Aegolius acadicus pop t Northern Saw-whet Owl T FSC Current Link Southern Appalachian Graham - Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 Northern Saw-whet Owl T FSC S2B,S2N G5T? Current Link Southern Appalachian T S2B,S2N G5T? Haywood - Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 Northern Saw-whet Owl FSC Link Current Southern Appalachian T S2B,S2N G5T? Jackson - Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 FSC Link Northern Saw-whet Owl Current Southern Appalachian Macon - Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 T FSC S2B,S2N G5T? Link Northern Saw-whet Owl Current Southern Appalachian Mitchell - Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 T FSC S2B3,S2N G5T? Link Northern Saw-whet Owl Current Southern Appalachian Swain - Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 T FSC S2BS2N G5T? Link Northern Saw-whet Owl Current Aegolius acadicus pop 1 Southern Appalachian T FSC S2B,S2N G5T? Transylvania Link Bird Northern Saw-whet Owl - Current Southern Appalachian Watauga - Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 Northern Saw-whet Owl T FSC S2B,S2N G5T? Current Link Southern Appalachian Yancey-Bird Aegolius acadicus pop 1 T FSC S2B,S2N G5T? Link Northern Saw-whet Owl Current FSC S3BS2N G3 Bladen - Bird  ;- Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC Link Current S3B,S2N G3 Brunswick - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC Link Current S3BS2N G3 Buncombe - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC Link Historic S3B,S2N G3 Carteret - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC Link Current S3BS2N G3 Chatham - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC Link Current S3B,S2N G3 Columbus - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC Link Current Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachmans Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 Craven - Unk Current Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 Cumberland Link

                                                                                            - Current S3B,S2N G3      Halifax -

Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC Historic Link S3B,S2N G3 Hamett - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC Link Current FSC S3B,S2N G3 Hoke - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC Link Current Bachman's Sparrow FSC S3B,S2N G3 Jones - Bird Aimophila aestivalis SC Unk Current Bachman's Sparrow FSC S3B.S2N G3 Macon - Bird Aimophila aestivalis SC Link Historic Bachman's Sparrow FSC S3B,S2N G3 Moore - Bird Aimophila aestivalis SC Link Current S3B,S2N G3 Onslow - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC Link Current Bachman's Sparrow FSC S3B,S2N G3 Pender-Bird Aimophila aestivalis SC Link Current Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 Link Richmond - http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 1 1/72005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 2 of 12 Current Robeson - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 Link Current Sampson - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 Link Current Scotland - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 Link Current Wake - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 Link Historic Warren - Bird Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow SC FSC S3B,S2N G3 Link Current Beaufort - Bird Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link Current Bertie - Bird Ammodramus henslowRi Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link Current Ammodramus henslowli Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1N G4 Brunswick - Link Bird Current Carteret - Bird Ammodramus henslowfi Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link Current Columbus - Bird Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link Current Edgecombe Bird Ammodramus henslowil Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link

                                                                         - Current Gates -

Bird Ammodramus henslowRf Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link Current Martin - Bird Ammodramus henslowli Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC 52B,S1 N G4 Link Current Onslow - Bird Ammodramus henslowRi Henslow's Sparrow SR 'FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link Current Pender-Bird Ammodramus henslowRi Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link Current Bird Ammodramus henslowi Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1N G4 Pitt - Current Link Wilson - Bird Ammodramus henslowRf Henslow's Sparrow SR FSC S2B,S1 N G4 Link Current

                                                        -    S3B,S5N G5  Avery -

Bird Certhia americana Brown Creeper SC Link Current Certhia americana - S3B,S5N G5 Buncombe - Bird Brown Creeper SC Link Current Certhia americana S3B,S5N G5 Haywood - Bird Brown Creeper SC - Link Current Bird Certhia americana Brown Creeper SC - S3B,S5N G5 Jackson - Link Current S3B,S5N G5 Mitchell - Bird Certhia americana Brown Creeper SC - Link Current Certhia americana Brown Creeper S3B,S5N G5 Swain - Bird SC - Link Current Certhia americana S3B,S5N G5 Transylvania Bird Brown Creeper SC - Link

                                                                         - Current Certhia americana     Brown Creeper               S3B,S5N G5  Watauga -

Bird SC - Link Current S3B,S5N G5 Yancey - Bird Certhia americana Brown Creeper SC - Link Current T Brunswick - Bird Charadrius melodus Piping Plover T S2B,S2N G3 Link Current Piping Plover T T S2B,S2N G3 Carteret - Bird Charadrius melodus Link Current T T S2B,S2N G3 Currituck - Bird Charadrius melodus Piping Plover Link Current Piping Plover T T S2B,S2N G3 Dare - Bird Charadrius melodus Link Current T Hyde - Bird Charadrius melodus Piping Plover T S2B,S2N G3 Link Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php I11/72005

Page 3 of 12 NHP County Element Search NC NIHP Search Page 3 of 12 New Bird Charadrus me/odus Piping Plover T T S2B,S2N G3 Hanover - Link Current Onslow - Bird Charadrus melodus Piping Plover T T S2B,S2N G3 Current Link Pender - Bird Charadrius melodus Piping Plover T T S2B,S2N G3 Current Link Haywood - Bird Contopus cooperd Olive-sided Flycatcher SC - SUB,SZN G4 Current Lnk Macon - Bird Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher SC - SUB,SZN G4 Link Historic McDowell - Bird Contopus cooped Olive-sided Flycatcher SC - SUB,SZN G4 Link Historic Mitchell - Bird Contopus cooped Olive-sided Flycatcher SC - SUB,SZN G4 Link Historic Swain - Bird Contopus cooped Olive-sided Flycatcher SC - SUB,SZN G4 Link Current Yancey - Bird Contopus cooped Olive-sided Flycatcher SC - SUB,SZN G4 Link Current Bertie - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Link Current Buncombe - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler iSR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Current Link Clay - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler iSR FSC S2BSZN G4 Link Current Graham - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Current Link Halifax - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Link Current Haywood - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN. G4 Link

                                                                                 -Current S2B,SZN G4   Johnston -

Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler IISR FSC Link Current Macon - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler IISR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Link Current McDowell - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler IISR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Link Current Northampton Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler IISR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Link

                                                                                  - Current Polk -

Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler IISR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Link Current Rutherford - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler ISR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Current Link 4SR Transylvania Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler FSC S2B,SZN G4 Link

                                                                                  - Current FSC S2B,SZN G4   Watauga -

Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler IISR Link Current Wilkes - Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler I SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Link Current Brunswick - Bird Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron ICSC - S3B,S3N G5 Current Link Carteret - Bird Egretla caerulea Little Blue Heron C I SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current S3B,S3N G5 Columbus - Bird Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron C I SC - Link Historic S3B,S3N G5 Cumberland Bird Egretta caenlea Little Blue Heron SC I11 - - Current Link Currituck - Bird Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron ICSC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Dare - Bird Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron ICSC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Bird Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron C I SC - S3B,S3N G5 Hyde - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php ulnnom0

NC NHP County Element Search Page 4 of 12 Current Jones - Bird Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 Current Link New Bird Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 Hanover - Link Current Little Blue Heron Robeson - Bird Egretta caerulea SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Brunswick - Bird Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Carteret - Bird Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Columbus - Bird Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Historic Currituck - Bird Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Dare - Bird Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Bird Egretta thula Snowy Egret S3B,S3N G5 Hyde-SC - Link Current New Bird Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 Hanover- Link Current Robeson - Bird Egretta thula Snowy Egret SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Egretta tricolor Brunswick - Bird Tricolored Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Bird Egretta tricolor Tricolored Heron - . S3B,S3N G5 Carteret - SC Link Current

• Bird: Egretta tricolor Currituck -

Tricolored Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Egretta tricolor Dare - Bird Tricolored Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 Link Current Bird Egretta tricolor Hyde - Tricolored Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 Current Link New Bird Egretta tricolor Tricolored Heron SC - S3B,S3N G5 Hanover - Link Current Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Avery -

                                                        -    S1B,S2N G4                Link Current Bird       Falco peregrinus     Peregrine Falcon       -    S1 B,S2N G4 Brunswick -   Link Current Buncombe -

Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon - S1 B,S2N G4 Current Link Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon S1 B,S2N G4 Burke -

                                                        -                              Link Current Bird       Falco peregrinus     Peregrine Falcon            S1 B,S2N G4 Carteret -
                                                       -                               Link Current Dare -

Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon - S1B,S2N G4 Link Current Bird Haywood - Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon - S1 B,S2N G4 Link Current Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon - S1 B,S2N G4 Hyde - Link Historic Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon S1 B,S2N G4 Jackson -

                                                       -                               Link Current Madison -

Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon - S1 B,S2N G4 Link Current Rutherford - Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon - S1 B,S2N G4 Link Current Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon S1 B,S2N G4 Stokes -

                                                       -                               Link Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                   11/72005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 5 of 12 Surry - Bird Falco peregnnus Peregrine Falcon E S1B,S2N G4 Link Current Transylvania Bird Falco pereginus Peregrine Falcon E S1B,S2N G4 Link

                                                                             - Current Wilkes -

Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon E S1 B,S2N G4 Link Historic Yancey - Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon E S1 B,S2N G4 Link Current Alexander - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Anson - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T Link Current Beaufort - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Bertie - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Bladen - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Brunswick - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Burke - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Camden - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Catawba - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Chatham - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Current Link Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) Chowan-. S3B,S3N G4 Current Link Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle Columbus - T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T Craven - T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Currituck - Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Dare - Link Current Haliaeetus leucocephalus T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Davidson - Bird Bald Eagle T Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Durham - Current Link Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Gaston - Current Link Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Granville - Current Link Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Guilford - Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Halifax - Bald Eagle T Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Hamett - Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Haywood - Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Hyde - Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Johnston - Link Historic Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Lenoir - Link Current Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Martin - Link Historic http://207.4. 179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 6 of 12 T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Mecklenburg Link Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle - Current Montgomery Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link

                                                                               - Current Nash -         Link Bird        Haliaeetus leucocephalus  Bald Eagle         T  T (PD) S3B,S3N G4   Current Northampton    Link Bird        Haliaeetus leucocephalus  Bald Eagle         T  T (PD) S3B,S3N G4   - Historic Onslow -       Link Bird        Haliaeetus leucocephalus  Bald Eagle         T  T (PD) S3B,S3N G4   Current Orange -

Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Current Link Pamlico - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Current Link Pasquotank Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 - Current Link Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Pitt - Current Link Richmond - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Current Link Rowan - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Current Link Stanly - Link Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Current Tyrrell - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Current Link Vance - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Historic Link Wake - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Link Current Warren - Link Bird Ha.aeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Historic Washington Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 - Current Link Wilson - Bird Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle T T (PD) S3B,S3N G4 Current Link Lanius ludovicianus Alamance - Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Link ludovicianus Obscure Lanius ludovicianus Ashe - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Obscure ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus Bladen - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 ludovicianus Obscure Lanius ludovicianus Brunswick - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 ludovicianus Current Lanius ludovicianus Carteret - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike; SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Current ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus Catawba - Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Link ludovicianus Current Lanius ludovicianus Chatham - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 ludovicianus Current Lanius ludovicianus Cleveland - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 ludovicianus Current Lanius ludovicianus Davie - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 ludovicianus Current Lanius ludovicianus Edgecombe Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 - Obscure ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus - S3B,S3N G4T4 Forsyth - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC Current ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus - S3B,S3N G4T4 Franklin - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC Current ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus - S3B,S3N G4T4 Gaston - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC Current ludovicianus Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Granville - Link Lanius ludovicianus http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/72005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 7 of 12 ludovicianus Obscure Lanius ludovicianus Greene- Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 ludovicianus Obscure Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike S3B,S3N G4T4 Guilford - Link Bird SC - Current ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus Halifax- Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 ludovicianus Current Link Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike S3B,S3N G4T4 Iredell - Ln Bird SC - Current Ln ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus Johnston - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Obscure ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike S3B,S3N G4T4 Lenoir; Link Bird SC - ludovicianus Obscure Link Bird Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Lincoln - Link ludovicianus Current Bird Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Mecklenburg Link ludovicianus - Current Lanius ludovicianus - S3B,S3N G4T4 Montgomery Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC ludovicianus - Current Lanius ludovicianus Moore- Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 ludovicianus Current New Lanius ludovicianus Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Hanover- Link ludovicianus Obscure Lanius ludovicianus Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Pitt - Current Link ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus Polke Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Current Link ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike G4T4 Richmond - Bird SC - fS3B,S3N Current Link ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus

• S3B,S3N G4T4 Robeson - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC ludovicianus Current Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike S3B,S3N G4T4 Rowan - Link Bird ludovicianus SC -

Current Lanius ludovicianus S3B,S3N G4T4 Rutherford - Lnk Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - Current ludovicianus Lanius ludovicianus S3B,S3N G4T4 Scotland - Link Bird Loggerhead Shrike SC - Obscure Ln ludovicianus Bird Lanius ludoviclanus Loggerhead Shrike SC - S3B,S3N G4T4 Stanly - Link ludovicianus Current Lanius ludovicianus S3B.S3N G4T4 Transylvania Ln Bird ludoviaianus Loggerhead Shrike SC -

                                                                                    -   Obscure      Ln Bird Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike       SC  -       S3B,S3N G4T4 Wake -           Ln ludovicianus                                                              Obscure         Ln Lanius ludovicianus     Loggerhead Shrike                   S3B,S3N G4T4  Wayne -         Uink Bird                                                       SC  -

Current ludovicianus Bird Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3B,S2N G4 Carteret - Link Current Bird Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3BS2N G4 Craven - Link Current Bird Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3BS2N G4 Currituck - Link Current Black Rail SR FSC S3B,S2N G4 Dare - Ln Bird Laterallus jamaicensis Current Ln Bird Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3B,S2N G4 Hyde- Link Current Bird Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3B,S2N G4 Onslow - Link Current Bird Laterallusjamaicensis Black Rail SR FSC S3B,S2N G4 Pamlico - Link Current Southem Appalachian Red SC Ashe - Bird Loxia curvirostra pop 1 FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Historic http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php nn12005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 8 of 12 Bird Loxia curvirostra pop 1 Southern Appalachian Red SC Avery - FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Bird Loxia curvirostra pop 1 Southern Appalachian Red SC Buncombe - FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Bird Southern Appalachian Red SC Burke - Loxia curvirostra pop 1 FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Bird Southern Appalachian Red SC Haywood - Loxia curvirostra pop 1 FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Southern Appalachian Red Jackson - Bird Loxia curvirostra pop 1 FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Bird Loxia curvirostra pop 1 Southern Appalachian Red SC McDowell - FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Bird Southern Appalachian Red SC Mitchell - Loxia curvirostra pop 1 FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Southern Appalachian Red Swain - Bird Loxia curvirostra pop 1 FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Bird Southern Appalachian Red SC Transylvania Loxia curvirostra pop 1 FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill - Current Bird Loxia curvirostra pop 1 Southern Appalachian Red SC Yancey - FSC S3B,S3N G5T? Link Crossbill Current Bird Mycteria americana Wood Stork E E SI1N G4 Brunswick - Current Link Bird Passerina ciris cris Eastern Painted Bunting SR FSC S3B,SZN G5T3T4 Brunswick - Link Current Bird Passerina ciris ci/is Eastern Painted Bunting SR Carteret - FSC S3B,SZN G5T3T4 Link Current New Bird Passerina ciris ciris Eastern Painted Bunting SR FSC S3B,SZN G5T3T4 Hanover - Link Current Bird Passerina cins cir/s Eastern Painted Bunting Onslow - SR FSC S3B,SZN G5T3T4 Link Current Bird Passerina cibrs cr/is Eastern Painted Bunting Pender - SR FSC S3BSZN G5T3T4 Link Current Bird Picoidesborealis Red-cockaded Anson - Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Link Current Bird Red-cockaded Beaufort - Pico/des borealis Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Current Link Bird Picoides borealis Red-cockaded Bertie - E E S2 G3 Link Woodpecker Current Bird Pico/des borealis Red-cockaded Bladen - Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Link Current Red-cockaded Brunswick - Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Link Current Red-cockaded Camden - Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Link Historic Red-cockaded Carteret - Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Link Current Red-cockaded Chatham - Bird Pico/des borealis Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Link Historic Red-cockaded Columbus - Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Link Current Red-cockaded Craven - Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E S2 G3 Link Current Red-cockaded Cumberland Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Link

                                                                                     - Current Red-cockaded                                     Currituck -

Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E S2 G3 Link Historic E Red-cockaded Dare - Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E S2 G3 Link Current E Red-cockaded Duplin - Bird Pico/des borealis Woodpecker E S2 G3 Link Current E Bird P/co/des borealis Red-cockaded E S2 G3 Link Edgecombe http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 9 of 12 Woodpecker - Historic Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Forsyth - Link Bird Picoides borealis Historic Woodpecker Bird Picoides borealis Red-cockaded E E S2 S2 G3 G3 ~ Gates Current- Ln Link Woodpecker Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Haiifax- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Hamnett- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker S2 G3 Current Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Hertford- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker S2 G3 JHistoric Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Couen- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Hyde - Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker Current Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Johnston Link Bird Picoides borealis - Woodpecker Current Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Couren- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 hLee- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Hinoiri- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker S2 G3 -Historic Link Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Montgomery Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker -Current Red-cockaded E E S2 Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker S2 G3 G3 Moore-Current Link Red-cockaded E E S 3 Nash - Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker S2 G3 Historic Red-cockaded New Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E E S2 G3 Hanover - Link Current Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Northampton Link Bird Picoidesborealis Woodpecker - Historic Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Onslow - Link Bird Picoides borealis Current Woodpecker Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 yOrange- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker 82 G3 Historic Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Pamlico - Link Bird Picoides borealis Historic Woodpecker Picoides borealis Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Pedr Link Bird Woodpecker Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 Pitt - Historic Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker Red-cockaded E E S2 G3 ~ Richmond - Ln Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker S2 G3 Current Link Red-cockaded S2 G3 Robeson- Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E E Current Bird Picoides borealis Red-cockaded 0i 82 G3 Sampson - Link Woodpecker E Current Red-cockaded . E 82 G3 Scotland - Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker t; Current Red-cockaded E E 52 G3 Tyrrell - Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker Current Red-cockaded S2 G3 ~ Wake - Ln Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E S2 G3 ~Historic Ln Red-cockaded E E 82 G3 Wayne - Link Bird Picoides borealis Woodpecker E E Current Red-cockaded E E Bird Picoides borealis 82 G3 Wilson Historic- Link Woodpecker Bird Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis SC - S2B,SZN G5 Brunswick - Link Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 10 of 12 Carteret - Bird Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis SC S2B,SZN G5 Link Current Currituck - Link Bird Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis SC S2B,SZN G5 Current S2B,SZN G5 Dare - Link Bird Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis SC Current Hyde - Bird Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis SC S2B,SZN G5 Link Current New Bird Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis SC S2B,SZN G5 Hanover - Link Current Southern Appalachian Avery - Bird Poecile atricapilla practica SC FSC S3 G5T? Link Black-capped Chickadee Current Southern Appalachian FSC S3 Buncombe - Bird Poecile atricapilla practica SC G5T? Historic Link Black-capped Chickadee Southern Appalachian Haywood - Bird Poecile atricapilla practica SC FSC S3 G5T? Link Black-capped Chickadee Current Southern Appalachian Jackson - Bird Poecile atricapilla practica SC FSC S3 G5T? Link Black-capped Chickadee Current Southern Appalachian Swain - Bird Poedile atricapila practica SC FSC S3 G5T? Link Black-capped Chickadee Current Southern Appalachian Transylvania Bird Poecile atricapilla practica SC FSC S3 G5T? Link Black-capped Chickadee - Current Southern Appalachian Yancey - Bird Poecile atricapilla practica SC FSC S3 G5T? Historic Link Black-capped Chickadee

                                                                        -    S3B,S3N G5     Brunswick -.

Bird Rynchops niger Black Skimmer SC Link Current Black Skimmer - S3B,S3N G5 Carteret - Link Bird Rynchops niger SC Current Rynchops niger Dare - Link Bird Black Skimmer SC - S3B,S3N G5 Current Bird Rynchops niger Black Skimmer - S3B,S3N G5 Hyde - SC Link Current New Bird Rynchops niger Black Skimmer SC S3B,S3N G5 Hanover - Link Current Bird Rynchops niger Black Skimmer SC S3B,S3N G5 Onslow - Link Current Rynchops niger Black Skimmer SC S3B,S3N G5 Pender - Bird Link Current Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC S2B,S5N G5T? Avery - Bird appalachiensis Sapsucker FSC Historic Link Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC Buncombe - Bird Sapsucker FSC S2B,S5N G5T? Link appalachiensis Current Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC S2B,S5N G5T? Clay - Bird FSC Link appalachiensis Sapsucker Historic Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied Graham - Bird Sapsucker FSC S2B,S5N G5T? Link appalachiensis Current Sphyrapicus varus Appalachian Yellow-bellied S2B,S5N G5T? Haywood - Bird FSC Link appalachiensis Sapsucker Current Sphyrapicus varus Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC Henderson - Bird FSC S2B,S5N G5T? Link appalachiensis Sapsucker Current Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied Jackson - Bird Sapsucker FSC S2B,S5N G5T? Link appalachiensis Current Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied S2B,S5N G5T? Macon - Link Bird FSC appalachiensis Sapsucker S Current Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC Mitchell - Bird FSC. S2B,S5N G5T? Link appalachiensis Sapsucker Historic Sphyrapicus varus Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC S2B,S5N G5T? Swain - Bird FSC Link appalachiensis Sapsucker Current Sphyrapicus vadus Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC S2B,S5N G5T? Transylvania Bird FSC Link appalachiensis Sapsucker - Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page I I of 12 Sphyrapicus vanus Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC Watauga - Bird FSC S2B,S5N G5T? Link appalachiensis Sapsucker Current Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied SC Yancey - Bird FSC S2B,S5N G5T? Link appalachiensis Sapsucker Current Brunswick - Bird Stema antillarum Least Tern SC - S3B,SZN G4 Link Current Carteret - Bird Sterna antillarum Least Tern SC - S3B,SZN G4 Link Current Craven - Bird Sterna antillarum Least Tern SC - S3B,SZN G4 Link, Current Least Tern SC - S3B,SZN G4 Dare - Link Bird Sterna antillarum Current Least Tern SC - S3B,SZN G4 Hyde - Bird Stema antillarum Link Current New Bird Sterna antillarum Least Tem SC - S3B,SZN G4 Hanover - Link Current Onslow - Bird Stema antillanrm Least Tern SC - S3B,SZN G4 Link Current Pender - Bird Stema antillarum Least Tern SC - S3B,SZN G4 Link Current Carteret - Bird Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern E E SAB,SZN G4 Historic Link Roseate Tern E Dare - Bird Sterna dougalli E SAB,SZN G4 Link Current Common Tern SC S3B,SZN G5 Carteret - Link Bird Sterna hirundo - Current Common Tern SC Dare - Link Bird :Stema hirundo - S3BSZN G5 Current

             .Stenahirundo            Common Tern                SC                    Hyde -         Link

Bird - S3B,SZN G5 Current New Bird Stema hirundo Common Tern SC - S3B,SZN G5 Hanover - Link Current Sterna hinundo Common Tern SC Onslow -

Bird - S3B,SZN G5 Link Current Common Tern SC Pender - Bird Stema hirundo - S3B,SZN G5 Link Current Sterna nflotica Gull-billed Tern T S3B,SZN G5 Brunswick - Link Bird - Current Sterna nilotica Gull-billed Tern T Carteret - Link Bird - S3B,SZN G5 Current Stema nilotica T Dare - Bird Gull-billed Tern - S3B,SZN G5 Link Current Gull-billed Tern T Hyde - Bird Sterna nilotica - S3B,SZN G5 Link Current Sterna nilotica Gull-billed Tern T S3B,SZN G5 Onslow - Bird - Link Historic Thryornanes bewickai altus Appalachian Sewicks E FSC SHB,SZN G5T20 Ashe - Bird Historic Link Wren E Thtyomanes bewickii altus Appalachian Bewick's E Avery - Link Bird FSC SHB,SZN G5T20 Historic Wren E Buncombe - Bird Th7yomanes bewickii altus FSC SHB,SZN G5T2Q Link Appalachian Bewick's; Historic Wren . . E Haywood - Bird Thtyomanes bewickii altus FSC SHB,SZN G5T2Q Historic Link Wren Appalachian Bewick's E Appalachian Bewick's E Jackson - Bird Thryomanes bewickii altus Wren FSC SHB,SZN G5T2Q Link Appalachian Bewick's E Historic Wren Macon - Bird Thryomanes bewickii altus FSC SHB,SZN G5T20 Link Historic Thryomanes bewickii aftus Appalachian Bewick's Transylvania Bird E FSC SHB,SZN G5T2Q Link Wren - Historic http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php I 012005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 12 of 12 NC NHP database updated: January, 2004. Search performed on Monday, 7 November 2005 @ 11:42:25 EST Explanation of Codes i http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/72005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 1 of 9 NC NHP County Element Search Results Returned Elements: 249 using:Reptile LISTED [Reptile 249] Major Group Scientific Name Common Name State Federal State Global County - Map - Status Status Rank Rank Status Habitat Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 Bladen Link Current Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 GS Brunswick - Ln G5 Current Ln Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 adn Historic Link L Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 Carteret- Link Current Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 Columbus - Link Current Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 -Cravent Link G5 Current Link Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 Cumberland Link

                                                                                                   -Current Reptile     Alligator mississippiensis  American Alligator    T        T(S/A) S3        G5          nDare-           Link Current Reptile     Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator     T        T(S/A) S3       G5         Duprent Historic           L Link Reptile     Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator     T        T(S/A) S3            GS Gates-                Lin G5         Historic          Link Reptile     Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator     T        T(S/A) S3       G5        Hyde -

Current Link Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 Jones. - Link Historic Link New Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(SIA) S3 G5 Hanover - Link Current Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 Onslow - Link Current Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(SIA) S3 G5 Pamlico - Link Historic Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 Pender-Current Link L Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 GS Robeson Lin G3 Current Link Reptile Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator T T(S/A) S3 G5 S pnr Historic

                                                                                                                -    Link G5 Scotland      -      Ln Reptile     Alligator mississippiensis  American Alligator     T       T(S/A)   S3 Historic Reptile     Alligator mississippiensis  American Alligator     T       T(S/A) S3        GS       Tyrrell. -          Link Historic Reptile     Alligator mississippiensis  American Alligator     T       T(SIA) S3        GS       Washington          Link
                                                                                                 -  Current Reptile     Apalone spinifera spinifera Eastem Spiny Softshell SC      CSi              G5T5     Buncombe         -  Link Current Reptile     Apalone spinifera spinifera Eastem Spiny Softshell SC      -        Si      G5T5     Madison     -       Link Current Reptile     Caretta caretta             Loggerhead             T       T        S3B,S3N G3       Brunswick -         Link Current Reptile     Caretta caretta             Loggerhead             T       T        S3B,S3N      G3 Carteret -           Ln G3 Current              Lin Reptile     Caretta caretta             Loggerhead             T      T         S3B,S3N G3       Currituck -         Link Current Reptile     Caretta caretta             Loggerhead             T      T         S3B,S3N G3       Dare-               Ln Current             Lin http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                                             11/12005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 2 of 9 Hyde - Link Reptile Caretta caretta Loggerhead T T S3B,S3N G3 Current New Reptile Caretta caretta Loggerhead T T S3B,S3N G3 Hanover - Link Current Reptile Caretta caretta Loggerhead T T S3B,S3N G3 Onslow - Link Current Link T T S3B,S3N G3 Pender- Link Reptile Caretta caretta Loggerhead Current Reptile Chelonia mydas Green Turtle T T S1 B,SZN G3 Brunswick - Link Current Reptile Chelonia mydas Green Turtle T T S1 B,SZN G3 Carteret - Link Current T T S1 B,SZN G3 Dare - Ln Reptile Chelonia mydas Green Turtle Current Ln T T S1 B,SZN G3 Hyde - Link Reptile Chelonia mydas Green Turtle Obscure New Reptile Chelonia mydas Green Turtle T T S1 B,SZN G3 Hanover - Link Current Reptile Chelonia mydas Green Turtle T T SIBZNG3 S1 B,SZN G3 Onslow Current - Link Reptile Chelonia mydas Green Turtle T T Si B,SZN G3 Current Link Eastern Diamondback E S1 G4 Current Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake Eastern Diamondback Brunswick- Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake E S1 G4 Obscure Si G4 Cret Link Eastern Diamondback E Carteret Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake Si G4 Current Link Eastern Diamondback Si G4 Columbus - Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake E Si G4 Obscure Eastern Diamondback E S G4 oCraven- Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake Si G4 ~Obscure Ln Eastern Diamondback Si G4 Cumberland Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake E -Historic Eastern Diamondback E Si G4 Duplin - Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake Obscure Eastern Diamondback Si G4 Joneso- Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake E S1 G4 SHistoric Lnk Eastern Diamondback New Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake E Si G4 Hanover- Link Historic Eastern Diamondback Si G4 Onslow - Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake . S3 G4 Current Eastern Diamondback; Si G4 Pender- Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake i Si G4 Historic Eastern Diamondback , , Si G4 Robeson Lin Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Rattlesnake S1 G4 cHistoric Link Eastern Diamondback  ; Si G4 Sampson - Link Reptile Crotalus adamanteus Historic Rattlesnake E Reptile Crotalus horridus limber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Alexander - Link S3 G4 Current Reptile Crotalus hormidus Timber Rattlesnake SC 83 G4 Alleghany - Link Current Reptile Crotalus horridus Tlimber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Obscure Link Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC Reptile Crotalus horridus limber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Avery - Link Obscure Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Beaufort - Link S3 G4 Obscure http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php n172005

Page 3 of 9 NC NBPNHP County Element Search Page 3 of 9 Bertie- Link Reptile Crotalus horridus limber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Obscure Link Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake S3 G4 Bladen - Link Reptile SC Obscure S3 G4 Brunswick - Ln Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC Obscure Ln Buncombe - Link Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Historic Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Burkee Link Reptile Current Link Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Camden- Link Obscure Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Carteret - Link Reptile Current Catawba - Link Reptile Crotalus horndus limber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Obscure Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Cherokee - Link Obscure Chowan- Link Reptile Crotalus horndus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Obscure Reptile Crotalus horndus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Clayu- Link Historic Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake S3 G4 Cleveland - Link Reptile SC Obscure Reptile Crotalus horndus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Columbus - Link Obscure Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Craven- Link Obscure Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Cumberland Link Obscure Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake S3 G4 Currituck - Link Reptile SC Obscure Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Dare - Lik Obscure in Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake G4 Davidson - Link Reptile SC S3 Current Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Duplin - Link Obscure Link Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake G4 Durham - Link Reptile SC S3 Obscure Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Gaston- Link Reptile Current Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Graham - Link Historic Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake G4 Granville - Ln Reptile 'SC S3 Obscure Link Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Haywood- Link Obscure Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake G4 Henderson - Link Reptile SC S3 Current Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Hoke - Ln Obscure Ln Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake Hyde- Link Reptile SC S3 G4 Obscure Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake G4 Jackson - Link Reptile SC S3 Current Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake G4 Jones Lin Reptile SC S3 Obscure Ln Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake Lenoir - Ln Reptile SC S3 G4 Obscure Ln Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake Lincoln - Link Reptile SC S3 G4 Obscure http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php11120 11/7/2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 4 of 9 Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Macon- Link S3 G4 ObsHistoric Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC - S3 S3 G4 G4 Madison Obscure - Link Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 McDowell Lin

                                                                  -    83      G4     Current           Link Reptile    Crotalus horndus    Timber Rattlesnake        SC         - 53  S3  G4 G4     Mitchell Historic -        Link Reptile    Crotalus horridus   Timber Rattlesnake        SC           S3      G4     Montgomery        Link'
                                                                                      - Obscure         L Reptile     Crotalus horridus   Timber Rattlesnake        SC           S3      G4     Obscure           Link New Reptile     Crotalus horndus    Timber Rattlesnake        SC      -    S3      G4     Hanover -         Link Current Reptile     Crotalus horridus   Timber Rattlesnake        SC           83  S3  G4 G4     Onslow -

Obscure Link Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Pamlico - Link 83 G4 -Obscure Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SC S3 G4 Pasquotank Link

                                                                                     - Obscure Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC            S3      G4 S3 G4      Pender-Current            Link Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC            S3      G4     Perquimans        Link
                                                                                     -  Obscure Reptile    Crotalus horidus     Timber Rattlesnake       SC                S     4    Pitt -            Link S3 G4     Obscure Reptile    Crotalus horndus     Timber Rattlesnake       SC                S     4    Polk -            Link 83 G4      Historic Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC                83 G4
                                                                           ~S3 G4
                                                                                    ~Randolph Current
                                                                                                    -   Ln Ln Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4    ROchmond   u       Link Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4    Robeson-           Link Obscure Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4    Rutherforde        Link Reptile    Crotalus horidus     Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4    Sampson        -   Link Obscure Reptile    Crotalus horridus      imber Rattlesnake      SC      -     S3      G4    Current            Link Timber Rattlesnake       SC      _      83     G4    Sctlandy     -     Link Reptile    Crotalus homdus      Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4    Stanly -           Link Current Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4       sutoest         Link Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4    Surry -            Link Historic Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4        istoicn        Link Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4      Tascuai          Link
                                                                                     -  Historic Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     S3      G4      Trel-            Link Obscure              -

Reptile Crotalus horridus ttl s n a Tki mb r RSC - 5 G4U nion - Timber Rattlesnake SC - 83 G4 Wahntn Link

                                                                                     -Obscure Reptile    Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     83      G4      Wtga-            Link Reptile    Crotalus horridus                                                         Obscure Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     83      G4    Wayne -            Link Obscure Reptile    Crotalus horridus    Timber Rattlesnake       SC      -     83      G4    Wilkes -           Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                                    11/7/2005

Page 5 of 9 NHP County NC NIHP Search Element Search County Element Page S of 9 Current Reptile Crotalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake S3 G4 Yancey- Link SC - Obscure Reptile Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E E SAB,SZN G2 Brunswick - Link Historic Reptile Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E E SAB,SZN G2 Carteret - Ln Current Link Reptile Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E Craven - Link E SAB,SZN G2 Historic Reptile Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E E SAB,SZN G2 Currituck - Link Historic Reptile Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E E SAB,SZN G2 Dare - Ln Current Link Reptile Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback E E SAB,SZN G2 Hyde - Current Link Reptile Dermochelys conacea Leatherback E E SAB,SZN G2 Onslow - Link Current Reptile Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill E E SZN IG3 G3 Carteret Historic - Link Reptile Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill E E SZN I 0G3 G3 Dare - Current Ln Link G3 G3 Alexander-Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 Link Current Ln Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Alleghany- Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 G3 Ashe - ACurrent Ln Link I IReptile Glyptemys muhlenbergDi Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 03 Avery - Link Current L I Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(SIA) S2 G3 L Buncombe u Link 03 Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Burke - Ln Current Link Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Cherokee - Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(SIA) S2 G3 Clay- Link Current Link Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Forsyth - Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Gastonr- Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(SIA) S2 G3 Graham - Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(SIA) S2 G3 Henderson - Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(SIA) S2 G3 Iredell- Ln Historic Ln Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Macon - Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(SIA) 82 G3 McDowell- Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergll Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Mitchell - Ln Current Ln Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Surry - Link Current Reptile Glyptemys muhlenbergil Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Transylvania Link

                                                                                            - Current Reptile    Glyptemys muhlenbergii     Bog Turtle          T   T(SIA) S2       G3 Watauga -       Link Current Reptile    Glyptemys muhlenbergil     Bog Turtle          T   T(SIA) S2       G3         Wilkes -        Link Current Reptile    Glyptemys muhlenbergii     Bog Turtle          T   T(SIA) S2       G3         Yancey-         Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                                     11/7/2005

Page 6 of 9 NHP County Element Search NC NBP Search Page 6 of 9 Current Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Bladen Current - Link Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 S2 G2 G2 Brunswick Historic - Link Reptile Heterodon simus Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 82 G2 G2 Carteret-Obscure Link Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Craven - Link Obscure S2 G2 Cumberland Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 2 -Obscure Link Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Duplin Obscure

                                                                                                  -         Link Reptile    Heterodon simus                Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2       G2     Edgecombe           Link
                                                                                        - Obscure Reptile    Heterodon simus                Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2  S2 G2 G2    Hoke-Current             Link Reptile    Heterodon simus                Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2      G2      Jones -

Obscure Link Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 S2 G2 02 Moore Current- Link Reptile Heterodon simus New Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Hanover- Link Current Onslow - Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Current Link Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 02 Pender-Current Link Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 S2 G2 02 Pitt - Obscure Link Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 S2 G2 G2 Richmond Obscure - Link Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Robeson- Link S2 02 Current Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Sampson - Link Current Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Scotland - Link Reptile Heterodon simus S2 G2 OCurrent Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC S2 G2 Wake - Link Reptile Heterodon simus S2 G2 Obscure Reptile Heterodon simus Southern Hognose Snake SC FSC 2 S2 G520 G52 Wayne Obscure- Link Reptile Lampropeltis getula sticticeps Outer Banks Kingsnake SC S2 G5T20 Carteret - Link Historic Reptile Lampropeltis getula sticticeps Outer Banks Kingsnake SC SA, G5T0 Currituck - Link SABS G1T0 Historic Reptile Lampropeltis getula sticticeps Outer Banks Kingsnake SC SABN$2 G12G5T20 Dare H - istoric Link 82 G5T2Q Hyde Link Reptile Lampropeltis getula sticticeps Outer Banks Kingsnake SC Historic-E SABSNGI Beaufort - Link Reptile Lepidochelys kempli Atlantic Ridley E SAB,SZN 01 Current Reptile Lepidochelys kempfi Atlantic Ridley E E SAB,SZNN GGi SABS Brunswick Current - Link E E SABSNGI Carteret - Link Reptile Lepidochelys kempfi Atlantic Ridley SANBS01H istoric E E SABSNGI Dare - Link Reptile Lepidochelys kempli Atlantic Ridley N 01 SABS Current Reptile Lepidochelys kempfi Atlantic Ridley E E SAB,SZN Gi Hyde- Link Current E E SABSNGI Pamlico - Link Reptile Lepidochelys kempil Atlantic Ridley SABS N Gi Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 1lM/2005

Page 7 of 9 NHP County Element Search NC NBP Search Page 7 of 9 Reptile Liochlorophis vemalis Smooth Green Snake SC SH S G5 G5 Rutherford Historic - Link Reptile Malaclemys terrapin centrata Carolina Diamondback SC S3 G4T4 Beaufort - Link Terrapin S3 G Obscure Reptile Malaclemys terrapin centrata Carolina Diamondback S3 G4T4 Brunswick - Link Terrapin S3 G4T4 Obscure Link Reptile Malaclemys terrapin centrata Carolina Diamondback SC S3 G4T4 Carteret- Link Terrapin Current Reptile Malaclemys terrapin centrata Carolina Diamondback SC S3 G4T4 Hyde - Link Terrapin Obscure New Reptile Malaclemys terrapin centrata Carolina Diamondback SC S3 G4T4 Hanover- Link Terrapin Current Reptile Malaclemys terrapin centrata Carolina Diamondback S3 G4T4 Onslow- Link Terrapin 83 Current L Reptile Malaclemys terapin centrata Carolina Diamondback SC S G4T4 Pamlico - Link Terrapin S3 Current Reptile Malaclemys terrapin centrata Carolina Diamondback S1 G4T4 Pender- Link Terrapin S3 Current Reptile Malaclemys tenapin terrapin Northem Diamondback FSC S3 G4T4 Dare - Ln Terrapin 83 G5T4 Obscure Link Reptile Micrurus fuhius Eastern Coral Snake E Si G5 Bladen - Link Si G5 Current Reptile Micrurus fulvius Eastern Coral Snake E Si G5 Brunswick - Link S1 G5 Historic " Reptile Micrurus fulvius Eastern Coral Snake E Si G5 Cumberland Link

                                                                                        - Historic Reptile    Micrurus fulvius               Eastern Coral Snake  E            Si G5       Harnett-            Ln Si G5       Obscure             Lin Eastern Coral Snake  E Hoke -

Reptile Micrurus fulvius Si G5 Historic Link Reptile Micrurus fulvius Eastern Coral Snake E Si Si G5 G5

                                                                                    ~ ~Obscure Moore -             Ln Ln New Reptile    Micrurus fulvius               Eastern Coral Snake  E       Si      G5       Hanover-            Link Current Reptile    Micrunus futvius               Eastern Coral Snake  E       S1      G5       Onslow              Link Current Reptile    Micrurus fulvius               Eastern Coral Snake  E       Si      G5       Pendere             Link S3      G5T3     Current             Link Reptile    Micrurus fulvius               Eastern Coral Snake  E       S       G5       Scotland -

Obscure Link Link Reptile Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC S3 G5T3G53 Beaufort Current - Link Reptile Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC S3 G5T3 Carteret - Link G5T3 3 Current Reptile Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC F S2 GT3 lCurrituck - ink FSC 83 G3 Current Link Reptile Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC, F S3 G5T3 Curret- Link Reptile Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC F S3 G5T3 HydeC - Link Current 83 G53 Pamlico - Link Reptile Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi Carolina Water Snake SC G53 Current Reptile Ophisaurus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC S2 G3 Bladen - Ln FS 82C G3 Historic Ln Reptile Ophisaurus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC S2 G3 Brunswick - Link Current Reptile Ophisaurus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC 82 G3 Carteret - Link Current Reptile Ophisaurus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC 82 G3 Columbus - Link Historic http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 111712005

NBP County NC NHP Element Search County Element Search Page 8 of 9 New Reptile Ophisaunus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC S2 G3 Hanover - Link Historic FSC S2 FSC 82 G3 G3 Onslow Current - Link Reptile Ophisaunus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC Reptile Ophisaurus mimicus Mimic Glass Lizard SC FSC S2 G3 Sampson Historic - Link Reptile Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Brunswick- Link melanoleucus FSC S3 G4T4 curento Link Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Cherokee - Link Reptile melanoleucus FSC 83 G Historic Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Clay - Link Reptile melanoleucus Obscure Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Cnuberland Link Reptile Obscure melanoleucus - Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Graharn - Ln Reptile FSC 3 G4T4 Historic Link melanoleucus Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Hamett - Link Reptile melanoleucus Obscure Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Hoke - Ln Reptile melanoleucus FSC S3 G4T4 current Link Reptile Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Montgomery Link melanoleucus - Current Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Moore-. Link Reptile Current melanoleucus New Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Hanover - Link Reptile melanoleucus Historic Reptile Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Richmond - Link melanoleucus Current Reptile Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Rutherford - Link melanoleucus Obscure Reptile Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake SC FSC S3 G4T4 Scotland - Link melanoleucus Current Pituophis melanoleucus Northern Pinesnake FSC S3 G4T4 G44 Swain sHistoric- Ln Link Reptile SC melanoleucus Reptile Sistrurus miliarus Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 G5 Beaufort - Link G5 Current Reptile Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 G5 Bladen - Link G5 Current Reptile Brunswick - Ln Sistrurusmilianus Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 Reptile Sistrurus miliarnus Pigmy Rattlesnake I SC S3 G5 Crrent Hijsetvoricn Link Ln Reptile Sistrunrs miliarfus Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 G5 G5 Histonr Currenti G5 G5 Craet Cleverland.- Link Link Reptile Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 Gaston c Reptile Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 Link G5 Obscure Harrent - in Reptile SistruNrs miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 G5 Oubscread Current Ln Link Reptile Sistrurusmiliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC S3 Current Reptile Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake r SC - S3 G5 - Obscure Link G5 Mornetgomer Link

                                                                                   -Obscure Reptile     Sistrurus miliarius        Pigmy Rattlesnake,':   SC -    S3  G5         Hyrent-           Link Mokre -           Link Reptile     Sistrurus miliarius        Pigmy Rattlesnake      SC      S3       G5 Current Reptile     Sistrurus miliarius        Pigmy Rattlesnake      SC -    S3 http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                                 11/72005

Search Page 9 of 9 NCNHPElement Search County NC NHP County Page 9 of 9 New Reptile Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 G5 Hanover- Link Current Reptile Sistrurus milianus Pigmy Rattlesnake SC S3 G5 Onslow - Link Current Reptile Sistrurus miliarus Pigmy Rattlesnake 53 G5 Pender - SC - Current Link Reptile Sistrurus miliarus Pigmy Rattlesnake SC S3 G5 Pitt - Current Link Reptile Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - S3 G5 Richmond - Link S3 G5 Obscure Reptile Sistrurus miliarus Pigmy Rattlesnake SC S3 G5 Sampson - Link Current S3 Reptile Sistrurus miliarius Pigmy Rattlesnake SC - 53 G5 G5 Scotland Current - Link Reptile Stemotherus minor Loggerhead Musk Turtle Cherokee - SC - S1 G5 Current Link Reptile Stemotherus minor Loggerhead Musk Turtle SC - Si Si GS G5 Madison Current - Link NC NHP database updated: January, 2004. Search performed on Monday, 7 November 2005 @ 11:42:40 EST Explanation of Codes http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

Page 1 of 5 NHP County Element NC NIHP Element Search Search Page 1 of 5 NC NHP County Element Search Results Returned Elements: 142 using:Amphibian LISTED [Amphibian 142]

                 .......................             .. ........ .. .................=St..a.
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te Federal State Global County - Map - Major Group Scientific Name Common Name Stal s Status Rank tu Rank Status Habitat Mole Salamander SC - S2 G5 Alleghany Link Amphibian Ambystoma talpoideum Historic S2 G5 Buncombe -Link Amphibian Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander SC - Current Link Amphibian Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander SC - S2 G5 Cherokee - Link Current Mole Salamander SC - G5 Guilford- Link Amphibian Ambystoma talpoideum S2 Current Amphibian Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander SC - S2 G5 Henderson - Link Historic Amphibian Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander SC - S2 G5 Macon - Historic Ln Mole Salamander SC G5 Montgomery Link Amphibian Ambystoma talpoideum - S2

                                                                                                               - Current Amphibian   Ambystoma talpoideum                Mole Salamander                  SC        -      S2    G5     Person -        Link Current Mole Salamander                  SC                     G5     Polkn-          Link Amphibian   Ambystoma talpoideum                                                           -      S2 Current           n Amphibian   Ambystoma talpoideum                Mole Salamander                  SC        -      S2    G5     Richmond        Link Current Mole Salamander                  SC        -      S2    G5     Rockingha       Link Amphibian   Ambystoma talpoideum                                                                               - Current       Link Mole Salamander                  SC        -      S2    G5     Rowan-          Link Amphibian   Ambystoma talpoideum                                                                               Current         Link Amphibian   Ambystoma talpoideum                Mole Salamander                  SC        -      S2    G5     Surry  -        Link Current Mole Salamander                  SC        -      S2    G5     Transylvania    Link Amphibian   Ambystoma talpoideum                                                                               - Historic Mole Salamander                  SC                            union -         Ln Amphibian   Ambystoma talpoideum                                                           -      S2    G5     Current         Ln Easter Tiger Salamander T                  -      S2    G5 Cumberland      Ln Amphibian   Ambystoma tigrinum                                                                                 - Current       Ln Eastemr Tiger Salamander T                 -      S2    G5     Hoke- -           n Amphibian   Ambystoma tigrinum                                                                                 Current         Ln Amphibian   Ambystoma tigrinum                  Eastem Tiger Salamander T                  -      82    G5     Richmond -      Ln Current         Ln Eastern Tiger Salamander T                              G5     Robeson -       Link Amphibian    Ambystoma tigrinum                                                             -      S2 Current Eastern Tiger Salamander T                                     Scotland -      Link Amphibian    Ambystoma tigrinum

• S2 G5 Current Eastern Tiger Salamander T Wake - Ln Amphibian Ambystoma tigrinum - S2 G5 Current Ln Green Salamander E FSC S2 G3G4 Henderson - Ln Amphibian Aneides aeneus Current Ln Green Salamander E FSC S2 G3G4 Jackson - Link Amphibian Aneides aeneus Current Green Salamander E FSC S2 G3G4 Macon - Link Amphibian Aneides aeneus Current Green Salamander E FSC S2 G3G4 Rutherford - Link Amphibian Aneides aeneus Current Green Salamander E Transylvania Link Amphibian Aneides aeneus FSC S2 G3G4 - Current Alleghany - Link Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 Ashe - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php11725 11/7/2005

Page 2 of 5 NC NFIP Element Search NHP County Element Search Page 2 of 5 Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Avery - G3G4 Link Historic Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Buncombe - Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Cherokee - G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Ctyptobranchusalleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Clay - G3G4 Link Current Graham - Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Haywood - G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Henderson - G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Jackson - G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Macon - G3G4 Link Current Madison - Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 Mitchell - Link Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 Swain - Link Obscure Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Transylvania G3G4 Link

                                                                                        - Current Amphibian   Cryptobranchus alleganiensis                                               Watauga -

Hellbender SC FSC S3 G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender SC FSC S3 Yancey - G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Desmognathus aeneus Seepage Salamander SR FSC S3 Cherokee - G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Desmognathus aeneus Seepage Salamander SR FSC S3 G3G4 Clay - Link Historic Amphibian Desmognathus aeneus FSC Graham - Seepage Salamander SR S3 G3G4 Link Current Amphibian Desmognathus aeneus FSC Macon - Seepage Salamander SR S3 G3G4 Current Link Amphibian Eurycea junaluska Junaluska Salamander T FSC S2 Cherokee - G3 Link Current Amphibian Eurycea junaluska Junaluska Salamander T FSC S2 G3 Clay - Link Current Amphibian Eurycea junaluska Junaluska Salamander T FSC S2 Graham - G3 Link Current Amphibian Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander so - S2 Alleghany - G5 Link Historic Amphibian Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC - S2 G5 Clay - Link Historic Amphibian Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC - S2 Graham - G5 Link Current Amphibian Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC - S2 G5 Haywood - Historic Link Amphibian Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC - S2 Macon - G5 Link Historic Amphibian Eurycea longicauda Longtail Salamander SC - S2 Watauga - G5 Link Obscure Amphibian Eurycea quadridigitata pop 1 Dwarf Salamander - Silver SC Hoke - Morph - S2 G5T2Q Link Current Dwarf Salamander- Silver Robeson - Amphibian Eurycea quadridigitata pop 1 - S2 G5T20 Link Morph Current Amphibian Eurycea quadndigitata pop 1 Dwarf Salamander - Silver SC - S2 G5T2Q Scotland - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

Page 3 of 5 NC NHP County Element Search Element Search Page 3 of 5 Morph Current Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 G5 Alamance - Link

                                                                   - S3      G5   Obscure Amphibian   Hemidactylium scutatum    Four-toed Salamander    SC      S3      G5   Avery -                 Link Current Amphibian   Hemidactylium scutatum    Four-toed Salamander    SC      S3
                                                                     -

S3 G5 GS ~ Bladen Historic - Ln Link Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC - S3 S3 G5 G5 Buncombe Historic - Link Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC - S3 S3 G5 G5 Current - Chatham Link Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC - S3 S G5 G5 Cherokee-Obscure Link Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3

                                                                     -

S3 G5 GS ~ Cumberland

                                                                                  - Historic              Ln Link Amphibian   Hemidactylium scutatum    Four-toed Salamander    SC -    S3      G5   Duplin    -             Link Historic Four-toed Salamander            S3   S3 GS G5   Durham Current     -           Link Amphibian   Hemidactylium scutatum                            SC      -

Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3

                                                                     -

S3 GS G5 ~ Gates Current- Ln Link Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC 83 S S3 G5 GS ~ Graham Obscure

                                                                                               -          Ln Link G5   Granville Amphibian   Hemidactylium scutatum    Four-toed Salamander    SC    -

S3 S3 G5 Current - Link S3 S3 G5 G5 Henderson-Historic Link Ln Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 G5 Macon - Link S3 G5 Historic . Four-toed Salamander S3 GS Mitchell - Link. Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum SC - S3 G5 Historic Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 G5 Montgomery Link Current Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 G5 Moore - Link S3

                                                                     -       G5   Current Amphibian   Hemidactylium scutatum    Four-toed Salamander    SC -    S3      G5   Nash-                   Ln Current                 Link Amphibian   Hemidactylium scutatum    Four-toed Salamander    SC      S3      G    Orange-                 Link G5   Crrent CrS3                -

Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 G5 Person - Link Current Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 G5 olkce- Link Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander iSC S3 G Randolph - Link 83 S G3 Current Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC - 3 G5 Rockingham Link Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 GS Surry - Link Current Amphibian Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC S3 GS ~ Wake - Ln Neus-toedRi Wataaerdo SC Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC Amphibian Necturus lewis! Neuse River Waterdog SC S3 G3 Current Link Amphibian Necturus lewis! Neuse River Waterdog SC Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S 3 Current Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC S3 G3 eranklio - Link Amphibian Necturus lewis! Neuse River Waterdog SC S3 G3 Granville - Link http://207.4. 179.50/nhp/find.php I11/72005

Page 4 of 5 NHP County Element Search NC NBP Search Page 4 of 5 Historic Greene - Link Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Historic Halifax - Amphibian Necturus lewis! Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Link Current Johnston -- Link Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Current Jones - Link Amphibian Necturus lewis! Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Current Lenoir - Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Link Current Nash - Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Link Current Orange - Link Amphibian Nectuirus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Current Person - Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Historic Link Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Pitt - Historic Link Vance - Link Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Historic Wake - Link Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Current Warren - Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Link Current Wayne - Amphibian Necturus lewis! Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Historic Link Wilson - Amphibian Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog SC - S3 G3 Link Historic SH G5 Buncombe - Link Amphibian Necturus maculosus Common Mudpuppy SC - Historic Common Mudpuppy SC SH G5 Henderson - Link Amphibian Necturus maculosUs - Historic Common Mudpuppy SC SH G5 Transylvania Link Amphibian Necturus maculosus -

                                                                            - Historic Southern Zigzag      SC              Buncombe -       Link Amphibian  Plethodon ventralos                                  -  Si G4    Historic Salamander Southem Zigzag         C             Haywood -        Link Amphibian  Plethodon ventralis                                  -  S1 G4 Salamander                           Current Southem Zigzag       SC              Henderson -      Link Amphibian  Plethoadon ventralis                                 -  S1 G4 Salamander                           Historic Amphibian   Plethodon ventralis         Southem Zigzag       Sc  -  Si G4    Madison -        Link Salamander                           Historic Southern Zigzag      SC              Yancey -         Link Amphibian   Plethodon ventralls Salamander
                                                                -  Si G4    Current Amphibian   Plethodon wehrlei                                       Si G5    Alleghany -      Link Wehrle's Salamander  T   -

Current Amphibian Plethodon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander T Stokes - Link

                                                                -  S1 G5 Current Wehrle's Salamander  T      Si G5    Surry -          Link Amphibian   Plethodon wehrlei                                    -

Current Amphibian Plethoadon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander T - S1 G5 Wilkes - Link Current Amphibian Plethodon welled Weller's Salamander SC Avery - Link

                                                                -  S2 G3 Current Amphibian  Plethodon weller            Weller's Salamander  SC        G3    Mitchell -       Link
                                                                -  S2 Current Weller's Salamander  SC              Watauga -        Link Amphibian  Plethodon welled                                     -  S2 G3 Current Weller's Salamander  SC              Yancey-          Link Amphibian  Plethodon welled                                     -  S2 G3 Current Amphibian   Plethodon yonahlossee pc    Crevice Salamander   SC     Si G4T1Q Buncombe       - Link Historic http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                        I11/72005

Page 5 of 5 NC NIHP Element Search NHP County Element Search Page S of S Amphibian Plethodon yonahlossee pop 1 Crevice Salamander SC Si Si GTl aHenderson G4TIQ 0Obscure - Link Amphibian Plethodonyonahlossee pop 1 Crevice Salamander SC Si G4T1Q Rutherford - Link SC - S1 G Current Amphibian Pseudacnis brachyphona Mountain Chorus Frog SC - i GS Cherokee - Link SC - i G5 Current Amphibian Pseudacns brachyphona Mountain Chorus Frog SC - Si G5 Haywood-Historic Link

                                                                                                              -

Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 Beaufort- Link T FSC S2 G3 Historic L Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC T FSCS2 S2 G3 G3 Bladen Historic - Link Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FC S G3 Brunswick - Link Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 Carteret- Link T FSC S2 G3 Current Link Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 Hoke- Link Current Ln Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T T FSC; FSCS2 S2 G3 G3 Jones- - Historic Lnn New Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 Hanover- Link Historic Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 Curnent Link Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC 82 G3 Current Pendren Link Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 Current PRbesnd - Link Amphibian Rana capita Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 Sampson- Link Current Amphibian Rana capito Carolina Gopher Frog T FSC S2 G3 Scotland- Link Amphibian Rana heckschera River Frog SC - SH G5 Cumberland

                                                                                        - Historic           Link Amphibian  Rana heckscheri              River Frog             SC -       SH     G5     Moore-Historic             Link Amphibian  Rana heckscheri              River Frog             SC -       SH     G5     Robeson-             Link Historic Amphibian  Rana heckschen               River Frog             SC -       SH     GS     Sampson         -    Link Historic Amphibian  Rana heckschen               River Frog             SC         SH     G5     Scotland     -       Link Historic NC NHP database updated: January, 2004.                       i Search performed on Monday, 7 November 2005 @ 11:42:56 EST Explanation of Codes http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php11720                                                                I Im2005

Page 1 of 1 - NHIP County Element Search

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Page I of 1

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NC NBP NC NHP County Element Search Results Returned Elements: 7 using:Arachnid LISTED [Arachnid 71

                           . ~ ~. ... .
                    ...........         ~ ..  ~         ~      ~    v ~      Feea
                                                                                . Stt . Global State Federal State Global County -     Map -

Major Group Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Rank Rank Status Habitat Gi Avery - Arachnid Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR E Si Link Current Gi Caldwell - Arachnid Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR E Si Link Current Gi Mitchell - Arachnid Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR E Si Link Current Gi Swain - Arachnid Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR E Si Historic Link Yancey-Arachnid Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR E Si GI Link Historic Lost Nantahala Cave FSC Si Macon - Arachnid Nesticus cooperi SR G1G2 Current Link Spider Lost Nantahala Cave FSC Si Swain - Arachnid Nesticus cooped SR G1G2 Link Spider Obscure NC NHP database updated: January, 2004. Search performed on Monday, 7 November 2005 @ 11:43:09 EST Explanation of Codes http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

Page 1 of 3 NC NFIP County Element NHP County Search Element Search -Pag-,e I of 3 NC NHP County Element Search Results Returned Elements: 84 using:lnsect LISTED [Insect 84] Major Scientific Name Common Name Sta te Federal State Global County - Map - GrouD StalLtus Status Rank Rank Status Habitat Insect Agrotis sp 1 nr buchholzi a dart moth SR FSC S2S3 G23 Bladen - Ln G2G3 Obscure Link Insect Agrotis sp 1 nr buchholzi a dart moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 Brunswick- Link G23 Current Ln Insect Agrotis sp 1 nr buchholzi a dart moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 Craven-Obscure Link Insect Agrotis sp I nr buchholzi a dart moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 Onslow-Obscure Link Insect Agrotis sp 1 nr buchholzi a dart moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 Pender- Link Current Insect Atrytone arogos arogos Arogos Skipper SR FSC Si G3G4T1T2 Brunswick - Link Obscure Insect Atrytone arogos arogos Arogos Skipper SR FSC Si G3G4T1T2 Carteret - Link Current Insect Atrytone arogos arogos Arogos Skipper SR FSC SI G3G4T1T2 Moore - Link Historic New Insect Atrytone arogos arogos Arogos Skipper SR FSC Si G3G4T1 T2 Hanover - Link Obscure Insect Atrytone arogos arogos Arogos Skipper SR FSC Si G3G4T1T2 Richmond Link Obscure - Insect - Attytonopsis sp 1 an undescribed skipper SR FSC Si? Gi? Carteret - Link Current Insect Atrytonopsis sp 1 an undescribed skipper SR FSC Si? Gi? Onslow - Link Current Insect Dolania americana American Sand Burrowing SR FSC Si G4 Sampson - Ln Mayfly Historic Link Cherokee Clubtail SR FSC Si S2 Burke- Link Insect Gomphus consanguis G2G3 Historic Link Insect Gomphus consanguis Cherokee Clubtail SR FSC S1S2 G2G3 Davie - Ln Historic Ln Insect Gomphus septima Septima's Clubtail SR FSC S1S3 G2 Chatham - Link Current L FSC S1S3 Durham - Insect Gomphus septima Septima's Clubtail SR G2 Historic Link Insect Gamphus septima Septima's Clubtail SR FSC S1 S3 G2 Lee - Ln Current Link Insect Hemipachnobia subporphyrea Moth Flytrap Cutwom SR FSC Si? Gi Bladen - Ln Obscure Link Hemipachnobia subporphyrea Venus Flytrap Cutworm SR FSC Brunswick - Link Insect Si? GI Obscure Hemipachnabia subporphyrea V~enhus Flytrap Cutworm SR FSC Carteret- Link Insect Si? GI Obscure Ln Hemnipachnobia subporphyrea ensFyrpCtom Moth SR Insect FSC Si? GI Pender- Link Current Insect Macromia margarita Mountain River Cruiser SR FSC S2S3 G3 Burke - Ln Current Ln Macromia margarita Mountain River Cruiser SR S2S3 Caldwell - Link Insect FSC G3 Obscure Insect Macromia margarita Mountain River Cruiser SR FSC S2S3 G3 Macon - Ln Obscure Link Insect Macromia margarita Mountain River Cruiser SR FSC S2S3 G3 Transylvania Link

                                                                                                     - Historic Insect      Neonympha mitchelli francisci Saint Francis' Satyr       SR        E      S1    G1G2T1   Cumbeiland        Link
                                                                                                     -Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/fi1nd.php                                                                               11/7/2005

Page 2 of 3 NC NBPNHP County Element Search Element Search Page 2 of 3 Hoke- Link Insect Neonympha mitchellYi francisci Saint Francis' Satyr SR E Si G1G2T1 Current Link Insect Ophiogomphus edmundo Edmund's Snaketail SR FSC S1? G1G2 Burkent Link Current Link Insect Ophiogomphus edmundo Edmund's Snaketail SR FSC S1? G1G2 Cadwell Link Current Link Insect Ophiogomphus howei Pygmy Snaketail SR FSC S1 S2 G3 Alleghany- Link Current FSC S1 S2 G3 Asheo- Link Insect Ophiogomphus howei Pygmy Snaketail SR Current Link FSC S1 S2 G3 Burke - Ln Insect Ophiogomphus howei Pygmy Snaketail SR Current Link FSC S1 S2 Buncombe- Link Insect Phyciodes batesi maconensis Tawny Crescent SR G4T1T3 Historic Ln Clayn- Link Insect Phyciodes batesDi maconensis Tawny Crescent SR FSC S1S2 G4T1T3 Current Graham - Link Insect Phyciodes batesfi maconensis Tawny Crescent SR FSC S1S2 G4T1T3 Current Insect Phyciodes batesii maconensis Tawny Crescent SR FSC S1 S2 G4TIT3 Haywood- Link Current FSC S1 S2 Jackson - Ln Insect Phyciodes batesii maconensis Tawny Crescent SR G4T1T3 Current Link Insect Phyciodes batesYi maconensis Tawny Crescent SR FSC S1S2 G4T1T3 Macon - Link Current Insect Phyciodes batesiR maconensis Tawny Crescent SR FSC S1S2 G4T1T3 Swain Link Current Link FSC SI Brunswick Link Insect Problema bulenta Rare Skipper SR G2G3 Current New Insect Problema bulenta Rare Skipper SR FSC S1 G2G3 Hanover- Link Current Insect Progomphus bellei Belle's Sanddragon SR FSC Si G3 Bladen - Link Current Insect Pyreferra ceromatica Annointed Sallow Moth SR FSC S1 S3 GU Craven- Link Obscure Appalachian Checkered- SR Polk- Ln Insect Pyrgus wyandot skipper FSC SH G2 Historic Link Appalachian Checkered- SR Transylvania Link Insect Pyrgus wyandot skipper FSC SH G2 - Historic Bladen - Ln Insect Spartiniphaga carterae Carter's Noctuid Moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 Obscure Ln Brunswick - Link Insect Spartiniphaga carterae Carters Noctuid Moth SR FSC S2S3 G2G3 Obscure Carters Noctuid Moth SR Carteret - Ln Insect Spartiniphaga carterae FSC S2S3 G2G3 Historic Ln Carters Noctuid Moth SR S2S3 Pender- Link Insect Spartiniphaga carterae FSC G2G3 Current Alleghany - Link Insect Speyena diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Current Diana Fritillary SR Ashe Lin Insect Speyeria diana FSC S3 G3 Current Ln Diana Fritillary SR Avery - Ln Insect Speyena diana FSC S3 G3 Current Ln Diana Fritillary SR Buncombe - Ln Insect Speyeria diana FSC S3 G3 Current Un Diana Fritillary SR Burke - Ln Insect Speyeria diana FSC S3 G3 Current Ln Diana Fritillary SR Caldwell - Link Insect Speyena diana FSC S3 G3 Current Diana Fritillary SR Cherokee - Link Insect Speyeria diana FSC S3 G3 Current Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Clay - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

Page 3 of 3 NC NBP Search NHP County Element Search Page 3 of 3 Current Cleveland - Link Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Current Gaston - Link Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Obscure Grahamr- Link Insect Speyefia diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 G3 Haywood- Link Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 Current Insect Speyefia diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Henderson - Link Current Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Jackson - Link Current Macon - Link Insect Speyefa diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Current Link Insect Speyefia diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 McDowell- Link Current Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Mitchell - Link Obscure Insect Speyefa diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Nash - Link Obscure Lnk Insect Speyefia diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 PolkC - Link Current Link Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Rutherford - Link Current Insect Speyena diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Stokes - Link Current Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC 83 G3 Surryt- Link Current Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Swain - Ln Current Link Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Transylvania Link

                                                                       - Current Diana Fritillary   SR FSC S3       Wake -              Ln Insect     Speyefia diana                                         G3 Obscure              Ln Insect     Speyefa diana            Diana Fritillary   SR FSC S3  G3 Watauga -           Link Current Insect     Speyenia diana           Diana Fritillary   SR FSC S3  G3   Wilkeso-            Link Current              in Regal Fritillary   SR FSC SH       Alleghany      -    Link Insect     Speyefia idalia                                        G3   Historic Regal Fritillary   SR FSC SH       Ashe     -          Ln Insect     Speyeria ida Ha                                        G3   Historic            Ln Regal Fritillary   SR FSC SH       Avery -             Link Insect     Speyefia idalia                                        G3 Current Insect     Speyeria idalia          Regal Fritillary   SR FSC SH  G3 Wilkes-             Ln Historic            Ln Gammon's Stenelmis SR FS0 81?      Ashe -              Ln Insect     Stenelmis gammoni        Riffle Beetle GIG3 Historic            Ln Columbus       -     Ln Insect     Stylurus townesi         Townes' Clubtail   SR FSC S1? G3   Historic             1k Insect     Stylurus townesi         Townes' Clubtail   SR FSC S1? G3   Robeson      -      Link Historic NC NHP database updated: January, 2004.

Search performed on Monday, 7 November 2005 @11:43:22 EST Explanation of Codes http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/n2005

NCElmnNH Cont Serc Pag 1 of 27 NC NBP County Element Search Page I of 27 NC NHP County Element Search Results Returned Elements: 809 using:Vascular Plant LISTED [Vascular Plant 809] State Federal State Global County- Map - Maior Grouc Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Rank Rank Status Habitat Vascular Venus Hair Fem Columbus - Link Adiantum capillus-veneris E - Si G5 Current Plant Vascular TSi G2 Beaufort - Plant Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Jointvetch E T Si G2 Current Link Vascular Craven - Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Jointvetch E T S1 G2 Historic Link Plant Vascular TSi G2 Hyde - Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Jointvetch E T Si G2 cCurrent Link Plant Vascular Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive Jointvetch E T Si G2 Lenoir Historic

                                                                                                              -

Link Plant Vascular E Si G5 Avery - Plant Agrostis mertensDi Arctic Bentgrass - - Si G5 Current Link Vascular Mitchell Agrostis mertensii Arctic Bentgrass E - S1 G5 Historic - Link Plant Vascular Yancey-Plant Agrostis mertensOi Arctic Bentgrass E - Si G5 Historic Link Vascular FSC Brunswick Allium sp 1 Savanna Onion SR-L FSC S1i G1 G1 Current - Link Plant Vascular Allium sp I Savanna Onion SR-L FSC Si G1 Onslow Current - Link Plant Vascular 11SR-L TSC S2 G aPendere-Alblum sp I Savanna Onion Link Plant Current Vascular G2 Brunswick-Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth T T S2 G2 Current  ; Link Plant Vascular Plant Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth T T T S2 S2 G2 G2 Carteret-Current Link Vascular Plant Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth T T 2 G2 Currituck Current

                                                                                                                  -     Link Vascular                                                                             TS2    G2      Dare   -

Plant Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth T Link T 82 G2 Current Vascular T T S2 G2 Hyder-Plant Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth Current Link New Vascular Plant Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth T T S2 G2 Hanover- Lnk Current Vascular T TS2 G2 Onslow - Plant IAmaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth Link C S2 G32 Current Vascular TS2 G2 Pender - Plant Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach Amaranth T Link C S2 G32 Current Vascular FSC S2 G3T2 CBladen Plant Amorpha georgiana varconfusa Savanna Indigo-bush T FSC 8 G3T2 Historic

                                                                                                               -        Link Vascular      Amorpha georgiana varconfusa Savanna Indigo-bush          T             FSC S    G3T2    Brunswick -         Link Plant                                                                                 FSC S    G3T2    Current Vascular      Amorpha georgiana varconfusa Savanna Indigo-bush          T             FSC S    G3T2    Columbus -          Link Plant                                                                                 FSC S    G3T2    Current New Vascular      Amorpha georgiana var confusa Savanna Indigo-bush         T       FSC     82   G3T2    Hanover-Plant                                                                                                                   Link Historic Vascular     Amorpha georgiana     var        Georgia Indigo-bush      E                            Cumberland          Link Plant         georgiana                                                        FSC     82   G3T2    - Current Vascular      Amorpha georgiana     var        Georgia Indigo-bush      E             FSC S    G3T2    Hamett -           Link Plant        georgiana                                                               FSC 8    G3T2    Current Vascular      Amorpha georgiana     var        Georgia Indigo-bush      E             FSC S    G3T2    Hoke -              Link Plant         georgiana                                                               FSC S    G3T2    Current Vascular      Amorpha georgiana     var        Georgia Indigo-bush      E             FSC S    G3T2    Lee -              Link Plant         georgiana                                                               FSC S    G3T2    Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php                                                                                  11/7/2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 2 of 27 Vascular Amorpha georgiana var E FSC S2 G3T2 Lenoir - Link Georgia Indigo-bush Historic Plant georgiana Vascular Amorpha georgiana var E FSC S2 G3T2 CMuorent- Link Georgia Indigo-bush Plant georgiana Vascular Amorpha georgiana var Pender - Georgia Indigo-bush E FSC S2 G3T2 Current Link Plant georgiana Vascular Amorpha georgiana var Georgia Indigo-bush E FSC FSC S S2 G3T2 G3T2 Richmond Historic - Link Plant georgiana Vascular Amorpha georgiana var Georgia Indigo-bush E FSC S2 G3T2 Historic Link Plant georgiana Vascular Amorpha georgiana var E FSC S2 G3T2 Scotland - Link Georgia Indigo-bush 0 S2 G42 Current Plant georgiana Vascular Arethusa bulbosa Bog Rose E - Si G4 Alleghany- Link Plant Arethusa bulbosa Current Vascular Arethusa bulbosa Bog Rose E - Si G4 bAshe

                                                                                           -          Link Plant                                                              -     S1  G4    Historic Vascular     Arethusa bulbosa          Bog Rose                E    -     Si  G4    Avery -           Link Plant                                                                              Current Vascular     Arethusa bulbosa          Bog Rose                E    -     Si  G4    Forsyth-          Link Plant                                                                              Obscure Bog Rose                E    -     Si  G4    Henderson       - Link VPlasnctular Arethusa bulbosa                                                       Historic Vascular     Arethusa bulbosa          Bog Rose                E                                      Link Plant                                                              -     S   G4    - Current Vascular     Asplenium heteroresiliens                         E    FSC   Si  G20   Bladen Plant Carolina Spleenwort                          Historic -        Link, Vascular            . ..       ;,      Carolina Spleenwort     E    FSC   Si  G2Q  Craven       n     Link Plant       Asplenium heteroresiliens                                             Current Vascular                               Carolina Spleenwort     E    FSC   Si  G20     ones-           'Link Plant       Asplenium heteroresiliens                                             Current Vascular                               Carolina Spleenwort     E    FSC   Si  G20   Onslow -          Link Plant       Asplenium heteroresiliens                                              Historic VPlasnctular Asplenium monanthes       Single-sorus Spleenwort E    -     Si  G4   Transylvania       Link Vaclart Roan False Goat's-beard SR-T FSC   SH  GHQ   Averyo -          Link VPlaanctur   Astilbe crenatiloba                                                   Historic Plant Vascular     Astilbe crenatiloba                                         FSC S   GHO  Mitchell -         Link Roan False Goat's-beard SR-T      P50 S   GHQ  Historic Vascular     Astraga/smca                                                                             Link Sandhills Milk-vetch    T    FSC   S3  G3    BCaden -

Plant Astragalus michauxD Historic Vascular Astragalus michauxil T FSC 53 G3 Cumberland Link Plant Sandhills Milk-vetch - Current Sandhills Milk-vetch T FSC 53 G3 Harrett - Link VPascular Astragalus michauxii FSC S3 G Current Current Plant Vascular Astragalus michauxii FSC S3 G3 Hoke- Link VPlasnctur Ataau ihui Sandhills Milk-vetch T Current Vascular Astragalus michauxii Sandhills Milk-vetch T FSC S3 G3 Moore - Link Plant Current New Sandhills Milk-vetch T FSC S3 G3 Hanover - Link PVascular Astragalus michauxii Historic Vascular Astragalus michauxii Sandhills Milk-vetch T FSC3 G3 Pender - Link Plant FSC3 G3 Current Paclant Astragalus michauxii Sandhills Milk-vetch T FSC 53 G3 Richmond - Link Vascular Astragalus michauxil Current Plant FSC S3 G3 Robeson - Link Sandhills Milk-vetch T Vascular Asrgusmcax Historic Sandhills Milk-vetch T FSC 53 G3 Sampson - Link Paclant Astragalus michauxii Vaclart Current Sandhills Milk-vetch T FSC 83 G3 Scotland -. Link Paclant Astragalus michauxil Current SR-T FSC SH G2G3 Link Vascular Balduina atroputpurea Purple-disk Honeycomb- Brunswick - http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php n172005

Page 3 of 27 NC NBP CountyNCNHP Element Search County Search Page 3 of 27 Plant head Historic Vascular Cabarrus - Link Baptisia minor var aberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T - S2 G5T4 Plant Historic Vascular Caswell - Link Baptisia minor var aberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T - S2 G5T4 Plant Historic Vascular Durhamr- Link Plant Baptisia minor var aberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T - S2 G5T4 Current Ln Vascular Granville - Link Baptisia minor var aberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T - S2 G5T4 Plant Current Vascular Orange- Link Baptisia minor var abenrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T - S2 G5T4 Plant Obscure Vascular Person - Link Baptisia minor varaberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T - S2 G5T4 Plant Historic Vascular Stanly - Link Plant Baptisia minor varaberrans Prairie Blue Wild Indigo T - S2 G5T4 Current Vascular Buncombe - Link Plant Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush E FSC S2 G2 Current Vascular Haywood - Link Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush E FSC S2 G2 Plant Current Vascular Macon - Link Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush E FSC S2 G2 Plant Current Vascular Madison - Ln Plant Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush E FSC S2 G2 Current Ln Vascular Mitchell - Link Plant Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush E FSC S2 G2 Current Vascular Swain - Ln Buckleya distichophylla Piratebush E FSC S2 G2 Plant Obscure Link Vascular Buncombe Link Calamagrostis caini Cain's Reed Grass E FSC Si Gi Plant Current Vascular Yancey - L Calamagrostis caindi Cain's Reed Grass E FSC SI GI Plant Current Unk Vascular Onslow - Link Plant Calopogon muftiflorus Many-flower Grass-pink E FSC SI G2G3 Current Vascular Northampton Link Plant Camassia scilloides Wild Hyacinth T - Si G4G5 - Historic Vascular Vancen- Link Plant Camassia scilloides Wild Hyacinth T - Si G4G5 Current Vascular Averynt Link Plant Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Current Link Vascular Caldwell - Link Plant Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Current Vascular Grahamc - Link Plant Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Current Vascular Haywood- Link Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Plant Current Vascular Jackson Link Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC 82 G2G3 Plant Current Ln Vascular Mitchell - Link Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Plant Current Vascular Swain - Link Plant Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC 82 G2G3 Historic Vascular Watauga - Link Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Plant Current Vascular Mountain Bittercress Yancey - Link Plant Cardamine clematitis SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Historic Vascular Forsyth - Link Cardamine micranthera Small-anthered Bittercress' E Si Gi Plant Historic Vascular Stokes - Link Plant Cardamine micranthera Small-anthered Bittercress E E Si Gi Current Vascular Avery - Ln Carex aenea Bronze Sedge E - Si G5 Plant Current Ln Vascular Carex aenea Bronze Sedge E - Si G5 Mitchell - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/72005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 4 of 27 Plant Current Vascular Carex barrattli Barratt's Sedge E SH SH G4 G4 Harett Historic - Link Plant Vascular Carex barrattli Barratt's Sedge E SH G4 Henderson - Link Plant Historic Vascular Carex cmmmunis var Fort Mountain Sedge SR-T FSC Si Henderson - Link G3 Plant amplisquama Current Vascular Carex conoidea Cone-shaped Sedge T - Si G5 Ashe - Link Plant Historic Vascular Carex conoidea Cone-shaped Sedge T Si Iredell - Ln

                                                                 -           G5 Plant                                                                            Obscure          Unk Vascular    Carex exills             Coastal Sedge          T         Si     G5   Cumberland       Link Plant                                                                            - Current Vascular    Carex exilis             Coastal Sedge          T     -   Si     G5 Harnett    -     Link Plant                                                                            Current Vascular    Carex exilms             Coastal Sedge          T    -    Si     G5   Hoke-            Link Plant                                                                            Current          Ln Vascular    Carex exilis             Coastal Sedge          T    -    Si     G5 Moore -          Link Plant                                                                            Historic Montgomery       Link Vascular    Carex impressineaia      Ravine Sedge           SR-T  FSC Si     G1G2 - Current Vascular    Carex liute              Golden Sedge           E    E    Si     G1   Onslow -         Link Plant                                                                            Current Vascular    Carex lutea              Golden Sedge           E    E    Si          Pender-          Link GI Plant                                                                             Current          Link Vascular    Carex oligosperma .      Few-seeded Sedge       E    -    Si     G4 Avery -          Link Plant                                                                             Current Mitchell   -     Ln G4 VPlasntular Carex oligosperma        Few-seeded Sedge       E         Si Vascular                                                                     G4   Watauga -        Link Plant       Carex oligosperma        Few-seeded Sedge       E    -    SI          Current Vascular    Carex radforda  i        Radfords Sedge         E         Si     G2   Jackson-         Lik Plant                                                                             Current            in Vascular    Carex roanensis          Roan Sedge             SR-T FSC  Si     G2   McDowell     -   Unk Plant                                                                             Current Vascular    Carex roanensis          Roan Sedge             SR-T FSC  Si          Mitchell -       Link G2 Plant                                                                             Current Vascular    Carex schweinitzii       Schweinitz's Sedge     E    FSC  SI     G3   Henderson      - Link Plant                                                                             Current Pender           Lin VPlasnctuar Carya myristiciformis    Nutmeg Hickory         E    -    Si     G4 Current          Link Vlasncular  Chelone cuthbertDi       Cuthbert's Turtlehead  SR-L FSC  S3?    G3   AlBeghany-       Link Plant                                                                             Current Plant Vascular     Chelone cuthbertii       Cuthberts Turtlehead   SR-L FSC  S3?         Ashe             Lin G3   Current          Link VPascular    Chelone cuthberti        Cuthberts Turtlehead   SR-L FSC  S3?         Avery -          Link VPlant                                                                        G3   Historic Vascular     Chelone cuthbertii       Cuthbert's Turtlehead  SR-L FSC  S3?

G3 Burke - Ln Plant Current Link Plant Vascular Chelone cuthbertD Cuthbert's Turtlehead SR-L FSC S3? Jackson - Link G3 Current Plant Vascular Chelone cuthbertii Cuthbert's Turtlehead SR-L FSC S3? Macon - Link G3 Historic Vascular Chelone cuthbei u Cuthbert's Turtlehead SR-L FSC S3? G3 McDowell - Link PlantVaclr Chelone cuthbertii Cuthbert's Turtlehead; SR-L FSC S3? Current Plant Transylvania Link G3 - Current Vascular Chelone cuthbertil Cuthbert's Turtleheiad SR-L FSC S3? Plant Yancey- Link G3 Current Vaclart G4G5 Columbus - Link Paclant Chrysoma pauciflosculosa Woody Goldenrod E - Si Current Vascular Chrysoma pauciflosculosa Woody Goldenrod E - Si G4G5 Cumberland Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11112005

Search Page 5 of 27 NC NHP County Element Search NC NBP Page 5 of 27 Plant - Current Vascular Robeson - Chtysoma pauciflosculosa Woody Goldenrod E Si G4G5 Link Plant Current Vascular Avery - Conioselinum chinense Hemlock-parsley E Si G5 Link Plant Current Vascular Craven - Cystopteris tennesseensis Tennessee Bladder-fem E-SC - S1 G5 Link Plant Historic Vascular Graham - Plant Cystopteris tennesseensis Tennessee Bladder-fem E-SC - Si G5 Link Historic Vascular Jones - Plant Cystopteris tennesseensis Tennessee Bladder-fem E-SC - Si G5 Link Current Vascular Onslow - Plant Cystopteris tennesseensis Tennessee Bladder-fem E-SC - Si G5 Link Historic Vascular Alleghany - Plant Dalibarda repens Robin Runaway E Si G5 Link Current Vascular Ashe - Plant Dalibarda repens Robin Runaway E Si G5 Link Current Vascular Transylvania Plant Dalibarda repens Robin Runaway E Si G5 Link

                                                                                            - Current Vascular                                                                                  Cumberland Plant      Danthonia epilis             Bog Oatgrass             SR-T   FSC   S2?  G3?                    Link
                                                                                            - Current Vascular                                                                                  Hamett -

Plant Danthonia epilis Bog Oatgrass SR-T FSC S2? G3? Link Current Vascular Moore - Plant Danthonia epilis Bog Oatgrass SR-T FSC S2? G3? Link Current Vascular Richmond - Plant Danthonia epilis Bog Oatgrass SR-T FSC S2? G3? Link Current Vascular Scotland - Plant Danthonia epilis Bog Oatgrass  : SR-T FSC S2? G3? Link: Current Vascular Alleghany - Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur -E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Plant Historic Vascular Ashe-Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Current Vascular Avery - Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Historic Vascular Durham - Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Current Vascular Granville - Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Current Vascular Haywood - Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Current Vascular Jackson - Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Plant Current Vascular McDowell - Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Obscure Vascular Mecklenburg Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link

                                                                                           - Historic Vascular                                                                                   Mitchell -

Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC Si G3 Link Historic Vascular Watauga - Plant Delphinium exaltatum Tall Larkspur E-SC FSC S1 G3 Link Current Vascular Davie - Plant Desmodium ochroleucum Creamy Tick-trefoil SR-T FSC Si? G2? Link Historic Vascular Orange - Desmodium ochroleucum Creamy Tick-trefoil SR-T FSC Si? G2? Link Plant Historic Vascular Swain - Plant Desmodium ochroleucum Creamy Tick-trefoil i SR-T FSC Si? G2? Link Historic Vascular Onslow - Plant Dichanthelium hirstil Hirsts' Panic Grass E C Si G1 Link Current Vascular Beaufort - Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap SR-L, FSC S3 G3 Link Plant SC Current Vascular Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap SR-L, FSC S3 G3 Bladen - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 1I1/72005

Page 6 of 27 NC NBP NHP County Element Search Search Page 6 of 27 Plant SC Current Vascular SR-L, S3 63 Brunswick - Link Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC Current Plant SC Vascular SR-L, S3 G3 Carteret- Link Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC Plant SC Current Vascular SR-L, Columbus - Link Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC S3 63 Current Plant SC Vascular SR-L, S3 G3 Craven - Link Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC Plant SC Current Vascular SR-L, S3 G3 Cumberland Link Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC Current Plant SC - Vascular SR-L, S3 63 Duplin - Link Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC Current Plant SC Vascular SR-L, S3 Plant Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap SC FSC S3 G3 63 Hoke Current- Link Vascular SR-L, S3 G3 Jones - Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC Link Plant SC S3 63 Heistoric Vascular SR-L, S3 G3 Lenoir - Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC 53 G3 Historic Link Plant SC Vascular SR-L, S3 G3 Moore - Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC Link Plant SC Historic New Vascular SR-L, FSC S3 G3 Hanover- Link Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap Plant SC Current Vascular SR-L, Onslow - Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap FSC Link Plant SC S3 G3 Current Vascular Venus Flytrap SR-L, .Pamlico, Dionaea muscipula FSC S3 63 "Historic Link Plant SC Vascular Venus Flytrap SR-L Pender-Dionaea muscipula FSC Link Plant SC S3 63 Current S3 G3 Hsoi Vascular Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap SR-L, S3 63 Robeson-FSC Link Plant SC S3 G3 Historic Vascular Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap SR-L, 63 Sampson - FSC Link Plant SC S1 G2 Current Vascular Echinacea Iaevigala Smooth Coneflower E-SC E Si 62 Durham - Link Plant Current Vascular Echinacea laevigata Smooth Coneflower Granville - E-SC E S1 G2 Current Link Plant Vascular Echinacea Iaevigata Smooth Conef lower Si 62 Mecklenburg Link E-SC E - Current Plant Vascular Echinacea laevigata Smooth Coneflower Si G2 Montgomery Plant E-SC E Si 62 Historic Link Vascular Echinacea haevigata Smooth Coneflower S1 G2 Orange- Link E-SC E Historic Plant Vascular Echinacea laevigata Smooth Coneflower E-SC E S1 62 Rockingham Unk Plant - Current Vascular Eleocharis habophila Saltmarsh Spikerush T Si 64 Dare - Link Plant Current Vascular Eleocharis halophila Saltmarsh Spikerush T S1 G4 Hyde- Link Plant Historic Vascular Eupatorium resinosum Resinous Boneset (=Pine S2S3 G3 Bladen T-SC Historic

                                                                                                     -       Link Plant                                   Barrens Boneset)

Vascular Eupatorium resinosum Resinous Boneset (=Pine S2S3G3 Cumberland T-SC Link Plant Barrens Boneset) S2S3 63 - Current Vascular Eupatorium resinosum Resinous Boneset (=Pine S2S3 63 Hamett - T-SC Current Link Plant Barrens Boneset) Vascular Eupatorium resinosum Resinous Boneset (=Pine S2S3 G3 Hoke T-SC Current- Link Plant Barrens Boneset) Vascular Eupatorium resinosum Resinous Boneset (=Pine T-Sc S2S3 63 Moore - Current Link Plant Barrens Boneset) Vascular Eupatorium resinosum Resinous Boneset (=Pine T-SC S2S3 G3 Sampson - Current Link Plant Barrens Boneset) http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php I I7/2005

Page 7 of 27 NC NIHPNHP County Element Search Search Page 7 of 27 Vascular Resinous Boneset (=Pin S2S3S253G3 Scotland - Link Eupatonum resinosum T-SC - G3Current Plant Barrens Boneset) Vascular Ashe - Ln Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Historic Link Plant Vascular Buncombe - Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Plant Current Vascular Clay- Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Current Plant Vascular G3 Graham - Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 Current Plant Vascular Haywood- Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Current Plant Vascular G3 Jackson - Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 Plant Current Vascular SR-T FSC S2 G3 Macon - L Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge Current Link Plant Vascular Madison - Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Current Plant Vascular Mitchell - Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Current Plant Vascular Swain - Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Historic Lik Plant Vascular Watauga - Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Plant Obscure - Vascular Yancey- Link Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge SR-T FSC S2 G3 Plant Current Vascular Alexander's Rock Aster Transylvania Link Eurybia avita SR-T FSC SX G3 - Historic Plant Vascular Eurybia mirabilis Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Anson - Link Plant Vascular Eurybia mirabilis Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Macon- Link Plant Historic Vascular Mecklenburg Link Eurybia mirabilis Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Plant - Current Vascular Eutybia mirabilis Richmond - Link Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Plant Current Vascular Stanly - Link Eurybia mirabilis Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Current Plant Vascular Union- Link Eurybia mirabilis Piedmont Aster SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Current Ln Plant Vascular E - Si Buncombe - Ln Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie G4G5 Historic Link Plant Vascular E - Si G4G5 Haywood- Link Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie Historic Plant Vascular Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie E - Si G4G5 Macon - in Plant Curient Link Vascular Si G4G5 Watauga - Link Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie E - Historic Plant Vascular Yancey- Link Filipendula rubra Queen-of-the-prairie E - Si G4G5 Current Plant Vascular Fimbristylis perpusilla Harper's Fimbry T FSC Si G2 Brunswick - Link Plant Current Vascular Columbus - Fimbristylis perpusilla Harper's Fimbry T FSC Si G2 Current Link Plant Vascular Ashe- -n Gentianopsis crnnita Fringed Gentian E-SC - Si G5 Plant Current Link Vascular Fringed Gentian E-SC - Si G5 Clayu- Link Gentianopsis crinita Current Plant Vascular Macon - Ln Gentianopsis crinita Fringed Gentian E-SC - Si G5 Obscure Ln Plant b Vascular Watauga Link Plant Gentianopsis crinita Fringed Gentian E-SC - Si G5 Current - http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/M72005

Page 8 of 27 NC NBP NIP County Element Search Search Page 8 of 27 Vascular Geum geniculatum Bent Avens T FSC S2 G2 Avery Current

                                                                                                           -              Link Plant Vascular     Geum geniculatum                Bent Avens            T      FSC  S2 S2 G2 G2      Caldwell Current          -         Link Plant S2 G2        Mitchell -                Link PVascular    Geum geniculatum                Bent Avens            T      FSC     S2 G2       Current PVascular                                                                      S2     G2      Watauga -                  Link PVascular    Geum geniculatumSp              Bent Avens            E      FSC                 Current Vascular    Geum radiatum                   Spreading Avens        E-SC   E       Si  GI   ~  Ashe       -               Ln Plant                                                                         S1      G1      Current                    Link Vascular    Geum radiatum                   Spreading Avens        E-SC   E   Si      Gi      Avery -                    Link Plant                                                                                         Current Vascular Plant Geum radiatum                   Spreading Avens        E-SC   E   Si      G1      Buncombe -

Current Link Vascular Geum radiatum Spreading Avens E-SC E Si G1 WaBurke- Link Plant S1 G1 Historic Link Vascular Geum radiatumn Spreading Avens E-SC E S2Mitchell - Link Plant S2 G2 Current Vascular Plant Geum radiatumi, Spreading Avens E-SC E Si Gi Transylvania Link Vascular Geum radiatum Spreading Avens E-SC E Si GI Watauga - Link Plant S1 Gi Current Vascular Geum radiatum Spreading Avens E-SC E Si Gi YanceyH Link Plant Current - Vascular Glyceria nubigena Smoky Mountain T FSC S2 G2 Graham - Link Plant Gca nigena Mannagrass Current S1 G4? -Current Ln Vascular Gycarium Smoky Mountain TO FSC S1 G LHaywood Link Plant Glenubiena Mannagrass 2 G34 -Current Vascular Smoky MountaineTeFeC S2 G2 Swain - Link Pat Glyceria nubigena Manngras Historic Vascular Smoky Mountain T C S2 G2 Transylvania Link Plant Glycerna nubigena MannagrassT FS - Current Vascular Graemle ils nimbata West Indian Dwarf E FSC Si G4? Macon - Link Plant Polypody Current Si G3 Ashe Lin Plant PVascular Hlnu Gymnocapium rvflu appalachianum Appalachian Oak Fer UanleafraSnezwes E FSC S2 G3 Current Link Vascular Helenium brevifolium Littleleaf Sneezeweed E Si G3G4 Brunswick - Link Plant Historic Vascular Helenium brevifolium Littleleaf Sneezeweed E - Si G3G4 Clay - Link Plant Historic Si G3G4 !Hendeson -Link Vascular Plant Helenium brevifolum Littleleaf Sneezeweed E - Si G3G4 Iredell - Ln Current Ln Vascular Helenium brevifolium Littleleaf Sneezeweed E - Si G3G4 Lenoir Historic- Link Plant Paclant Vaclr Vpaasctular Plant Helenium bra Helenium vifoliurn brvemaleu Littleleaf Sneezeweed SpingelaSneezeweed E E0 - Si G3G4 Montgomery

                                                                                                 -Current Link
                                                                                                                           -

Vaclr Helenium bra vifolium Littleleaf Sneezeweed' E Si G3G4 Rowan - Link Plant Historic Vaclart Helenium brevifolium Littleleaf Sneezeweed E - Si G3G4 Wake- Ln Historic Ln Paclant Vaclr Helenium vamnala Spring Sneezeweed E - Si G4? Brunswick - Link Plant Current Vaclart Haleniumn vermala Spring Sneezeweed E Si G4? Columbus - Ln

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Si G4? Current Ln Paclant Vaclart Helianthus schweinitzii Schweinitzs Sunflower E E S 2 Anson- Link S2 G2 Current Vascular Helianthus schweinitzii Schweinitz's Sunflower E E S2 G2 Cabarrus - Link Plant 52 G2 Current Vascular Helianthus schweinitzii Schweinitz's Sunflower E E 82 G2 Davidson - Link Plant Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php I InI2005

Page 9 of 27 NC NHP County Element Search Search Page 9 of 27 Vascular Helianthus schweinitzii Gaston - Link Schweinitz's Sunflower E E S2 G2 Plant Current Vascular Helianthus schweinitzii Schweinitz's Sunflower Mecklenburg Link Plant E E S2 G2

                                                                                        - Current Vascular     Helianthusschweinft           Schweinitz's Sunflower                      Montgomery            Link E     E   S2 G2 Planthus                 schweinitzii                                                  - Current             Link Vascular     Helianthus schweinitzRi       Schweinitz's Sunflower Randolph      -       Link Plant                                                              E     E   S2 G2 Current Vascular     Helianthus schweinitziD       Schweinitz's Sunflower   E     E   S2 G2    Rowani-               Link Plant                                                                                  Current Stanly -              Link Schweinitz's Sunflower   E     E   S2 G2    Current Plant Vascular     Helianthus schweinitzii                                                   Stokes-               Link Schweinitz's Sunflower   E    E   S2  G2    Historic              Ln Vascular     Helianthus schweinitzii       Schweinitz's Sunflower  E                   Surry-                Link Plant                                                                    E   S2  G2    Current Schweinitz's Sunflower   E     E             Union-                Link Pascular     Helianthus schweinitzii                                         S2  G2 Current                Link Plant                                                                                 Ashe -                 Ln Swamp Pink               T-SC  T   S2  G3   Current                Ln Vascular pVlaasctuar  Helonias Helonias bullata bullata            Swamp Pink                                   Henderson -

Plant T-SC T S2 G3 Current Link Vascular Helonias bullata Swamp Pink T-SC T G3 Jackson- Link Plant S2 Current Vascular Helonias bullata Swamp Pink Transylvania Link Plant T-SC T 82 G3 - Current Vascular Buncombe -. Link Plant Hexastylis contracta Mountain Heartleaf E FSC Si G3 Current Vascular Henderson - Plant HexasWtis contracta Mountain Heartleaf E FSC S1 G3 Current - -. Link> Vascular Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T Alexander - Link Plant Hexastylis naniflora T S2 G2 Current Vascular Hexastylis naniflora Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S2 Burke - Ln Plant G2 Current Link Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S2 G2 Caldwell - Link PVascular Hexastylis naniflora Current Vaclart Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S2 G2 Catawba - Link Current Link Plant Vascular Hexastylis naniflora Cleveland - Link Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S2 G2 Current Plant Vascular Hexastylis naniflora Pncoln- Link Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S2 G2 Current Plant Vascular Hexastylis naniflora PolkC - Link Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S2 G2 Current Link Vascular Herochloe odora Dwarf-flowered Heartleaf T T S2 Rutherford - Link Plant Herochl ndora G2 Current Ln Vascular Hexastylis onanifora French Broad Heartleaf SR-L FSC S2 Buncombe - Link Plant G2 Current Vascular Hexastyis rhombiformis Plant Henderson - Link French Broad Heartleaf SR-L FSC S2 G2 Vascular Hexastyis rhombiformis Current Plant Polk- Ln French Broad Heartleaf SR-L FSC S2 G2 Current Ln Paclant Hexastylhs rhombiformis French Broad Heartleaf SR-L FSC S2 Transylvania Link Plant G2 - Current Vascular Hiexathloe rdornbata-i Holy Grass E - Si Ashe - Ln Plant G4G5 Current Ln Vascular Hieoustoni mondtan Holy Grass E - Si Macon - Link Plant G4G5 Current Roan Mountain Bluet E E S2 Ashe - Ln G20 Current Ln Vascular Houstonia montana Plant Avery - Link Roan Mountain Bluet E E S2 G20 Current http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 10 of 27 Vascular Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E E S2 G2Q Mitchell - Link Plant Current Vascular Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E E S2 G2Q Watauga - Link Plant Current Vascular Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E E S2 G2Q Yancey- Link Plant Current Vascular Hudsonia montana Mountain Golden-heather E T Si G1 Burke - Link Plant Current Vascular Hudsonia montana Mountain Golden-heather E T Si G1 McDowell- Link Plant Current Vascular Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC - S2 G4 Alleghany- Link Plant Current Vascular Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC - S2 G4 Buncombe - Link Plant Current Vascular Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC - S2 G4 Jackson - Link Plant Vascular Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC - S2 G4 Current Link Plant Vascular Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC - S2 G4 Madison- Link Plant Historic Vascular Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC - S2 G4 Polk - Link Plant Current Vascular Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal E-SC - S2 G4 Rockingham Link

                                                                                     - Current Plant Vascular    Hydrastis canadensis    Goldenseal              E-SC  -       S2    G4    Stokes -            Link Plant                                                                                Current Vascular    Hydrastis canadensis    Goldenseal              E-SC  -       S2    G4    Swain -             Link Plant                                                                                Current Vascular   Hydrastis canadensis    Goldenseal              E-SC  -       S2    G4     Historic           Link Plant Vascular   Hymenophyllum tayloriae Gorge Filmy Fern        E     -       S1 S2 G1 G2 Jackson     -       Link Plant                                                                                Current Vascular                           Gorge Filmy Fern        E             S1S2  G1G2   Macon    -         Link Hymenophyllum tayloriae                                                    Current Plant Vascular   Hypericum adpressum     Bog St. John's-wort     SR-T  FSC     SH    G2G3   Halifax-           Link Plant New Vascular   Hypericum adpressum     Bog St. John's-wort     SR-T  FSC     SH    G2G3   Hanover-           Link Plant                                                                                 Historic Vascular   Hypericum adpressum     Bog St. John's-wort     SR-T  FSC     SH    G2G3   Northampton        Link Plant                                                                                 - Historic Vascular   flex collina            Long-stalked Holly      T             Si    G3     Swain   -          Link Plant                                                                                 Current Vascular   flex collina            Long-stalked Holly      T             Si    G3     Watauga      -     Link Plant                                                                                 Current Vascular   Isoetes piedmontana     Piedmont Quillwort      T             Si    G3     Anson-             Link Plant                                                                                 Current Vascular   Isoetes piedmontana     Piedmont Quillwort      T             Si    G3     Franklin   -       Link Plant                                                                                 Current Vascular   Isoetes piedmontana     Piedmont Quillwort      T             Si    G3     Granville    -     Link Plant                                                                                 Current Vascular   Isoetes piedmontana     Piedmont Quillwort      T        T  - Sii   G3 G3     Rowan -

Historic Link Plant Vascular Isoetes piedmontana Piedmont Quillwort T Si G3 Rutherford - Link Plant Current Vascular Isoetes piedmontana Piedmont Quillwort T Si G3 Wake - Link Plant Historic Vascular Isoetes virginica Virginia Quillwort SR-L FSC Si Gi Historic Link Plant Vascular Isoetes virginica Virginia Quillwort SR-L FSC SI G1 Chatham - Link Plant Historic Isoetes virginica Virginia Quillwort SR-L FSC Si G1 Mecklenburg Link Vascular http://207.4. 179.50/nhp/find.php 1 1/7/2005

Search Page 11 of 27 NC NBP NHP County Element Element Search Page I 1 of 27 Plant - Historic Vascular Isoetes virginica Virginia Quillwort SR-L FSC Person - Link Plant Si Gi Current VPlasnctular Isoetes virginica Virginia Quillwort SR-L FSC Si Rowan - Link GI Historic Vascular Isoetes virginica Virginia Ouillwort SR-L FSC Si Gi Union - Ln Plant Historic Ln Vascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Burkent Link Plant Current Link Vascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Cherokee - Link Plant Current Vascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Cumberland Link Plant - Obscure VPascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia Si G2 Hamett- Link E T Obscure Link Plant Haywood - Link Si G2 Current Vascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Henderson - Link Plant Current Vpaasctular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Vascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Jackson - Link Plant Current Plant Macon - Link Vascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Current Link Plant McDowell-Vascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Link Current PVlasnctular Vascular Orange- Link Plant Isotria m eoides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Historic Vascular Isotria medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Rutherford - Link Plant, pViasncular Juoncsamedaensoids Current Small Wuhore PogNiaere E FS VPascular Isotria medeolides Small Whorled Pogonia Si G2 Surry - E T Historic Link Vascular Isotna medeoloides Small Whorled Pogonia E T Si G2 Transylvania Link Plant - Current Vascular Juncushaesadensis Rough Rush (=New Jersey E FSC G2 Clayu- Link Plant Rush) Si Current Vascular Juncushaesadensis Rough Rush (=New Jersey E FSC G2 Henderson - Link Plant Rush) Si Current Vascular Juncushifeidus Highland Rush E - S1 G5 Ashe - Ln Plant Current Link Vascular Juncus triffidus Highland Rush E - G5 Buncombe - Link Plant Si Current Vascular Juncus trifidus Highland Rush E - Si G5 Mitchell - Link Plant Current Vascular Liatris helled Heller's Blazing Star T-SC T S2 G2 Ashe Lin Plant Current Ln Vascular Liatris helen Heller's Blazing Star T-SC T S2 G2 Avery - n Plant Current Ln Vascular Liatis he/led Heller's Blazing Star T-SC T S2 G2 Burke - Ln Plant Current Ln Vaclr Latrds he/led Heller's Blazing Star T-SC T G2 Caldwell - Link Plant S2 Current Vascular Liatrds hel/edi Heller's Blazing Star T-SC T G2 Mitchell - Link Plant S2 Historic Vascular Liatris hailedi Heller's Blazing Star T-SC T G2 Watauga - Link Plant S2 Current Vascular Lilaeopsis carofinensis Carolina Grasswort T Brunswick - Link Plant

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S3 G3G5 Current Paclant Ulaeopsis caro/inensis Carolina Grasswort T S3 G3G5 Carden- Link Vascular Lilaeopsis carolinensis Carolina Grasswort T G3G5 Currituck- Link Plant S3 Current Vascular Lilaeopsis carofiniensis Carolina Grasswort T S3 G3G5 Dare - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

NC NHPNBP County Element Search Search Page 12 of 27 Plant Current Vascular Hyde Link Plant Lilaeopsis carolinensis Carolina Grasswort T S3 G3G5 Current-New Vascular Carolina Grasswort T S3 G3G5 Hanover - Link Lilaeopsis carolinensis Plant Current Vascular Carolina Grasswort T S3 G3G5G35 Pasquotank Link Lilaeopsis carolinensis - Current Plant Vascular Perquimans Link Lilaeopsis carolinensis Carolina Grasswort T S3 G3G5 - Current L Plant Vascular Carolina Grasswort T S3 G3G5 Washington Link Lilaeopsis carolinensis Current Plant - Vascular Gray's Lily T-SC FSC S3 G3 Alleghany - Link Lilium gray! Current Plant Vascular Lilium grayi Gray's Lily T-SC FSC S3 G3 ACsuhrrent Link Plant Vascular Gray's Lily T-SC FSC S3 G3 Avery Link Lilium grayi Current-Plant Vascular S3 G3 Buncombe - Link Lilium grayi Gray's Lily T-SC FSC G3 3 Current Plant Vascular T-SC FSC S3 G3 G3, Caldwell Current

                                                                                           -      Link Lilium grayi                Gray's Lily Plant Vascular   Lilium gray!                Gray's Lily        T-SC FSC S3 G3 G3 3       Henderson Historic          - Link Plant Vascular                               Gray's Lily        T-SC FSC S3 G3      C~ucrreonwte        Link Lilium grayi Plant Vascular                                                       FSC S3 G3      Mitchell-           Link Lilium grayi                Gray's Lily        T-SC        G3 3       Current Plant Vascular                                                                      Current Lilium grayi                Gray's Lily        T-SC FSC S3 G3       Watcaela -         Link Plant Vascular                               Gray's Lily        T-SC FSC S3 G3      Yancey-             Link Lilium grayi                                                       Current Plant Vascular   LUlium pyrophilum           Sandhills Lily     E-SC -   Si Plant                                                                 G2?Q    Current             Link Vascular                               Sandhills Lily     E-SC     Si G2?Q    Harnett    -        Link LUlium pyrophilum                                          G2?Q    Current             Link Plant Vascular   Lilium pyrophilum           Sandhills Lily     E-SC     Si G2?Q      Coren-            Link Plant Vascular   Lilium pyrophilum           Sandhills Lily     E-SC -   Si G2?Q    LeeO-               Link Plant                                                                         Current             Link Vascular   Lilium pyrophilum           Sandhills Uly      E-SC -   Si G2?Q    Moore -             Link Plant                                                                         Current Vascular    Lilium pyrophilum           Sandhills Lily     E-SC -   Si G2?Q    Nashe               Link Plant                                                                  G2?O    Historic            Link Vascular    Lilium pyrophilum           Sandhills Lily     E-SC -   Si G2?0    Northampton         Link Plant Vascular                                Sandhills Lily     E-SC     Si      G2QRichmond        -

Lilium pyrophilum - G2 Current Link Plant Vascular Lilium pyrophilum Sandhills Lily E-SC - Si G2?Q Scotland - Link Plant Current Vascular Southern Spicebush E E Bladen - Lindera melissifolia Si G2 Historic Ln Plant Vascular Southern Spicebush E E Si Undera melissifolia -2Current Lin Plant Vascular Southern Spicebush E E Si G2 Sampson - Link Undera melissifolia Current Plant Vascular Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 Anson - Ln Plant Lindera subcoriacea G2 Historic Vascular Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 G2 Cumberland Link Lindera subcoriacea - Current Plant Vascular Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 G2 Hoke - Ln Lindera subcoriacea G2 Current Ln Plant http://207.4.179.501nhp/find.php 1 1/72005

Page 13 of 27 NC NBP Element Search NHP County Element Search Page 13 of 27 Vascular G2 Johnston - Link Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T fSC S2 Plant G2 Current Vascular G2 Lee - Ln Plant Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 G2 Current Ln Vascular Plant Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 G2 -Montgomery Current Link

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Vascular G2 Moore - Link Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 Plant G2 Current Vascular G2 Richmond - Link Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 Plant G2 Current Vascular G2 Robeson- Link Plant Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 G2 Current Vascular G2 Scotland - Ln Lindera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 Plant G3 Current Link Vascular G2 Wake - Ln Plant Undera subcoriacea Bog Spicebush T FSC S2 G2 Current Link Vascular G3 Bladen - Link Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 Plant G3 Current Vascular G3 Brunswick - Link Plant Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 G3 Current L Vascular G3 Carteret - L Plant Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 G3 Curren Link Vascular G3 Craven - Link Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 Plant Current Vascular G3 Cumberland Ln Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 Plant G3 - Current Link Vascular G3 Gateso- Link Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 Current Plant -- Vascular G3 Hoke- Link Plant Litsba-aesti va/is' Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 2G3 Historic Vascular New Plant Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 G3 Hanover- Link Current Vascular Litsea aestivalis G3 Onslow - Ln Plant Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 G2G3 Current Link Vascular Litsea aestivalis Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 G3 Sampson - Link Plant Current Vascular Litsea aestivalis Plant Pondspice SR-T FSC S2 G3 Wayne - Link Current Vascular G2G3 Bladen - Link Lobelia boykinvi Boykin's Lobelia T FSC Si Plant Historic Vascular Lobelia boykiniO Boykin's Lobelia T FSC Si G2G3 Cumberland Link Plant - Current Vascular G23 Hoke Lin Lobelia boykinfi Boykin's Lobelia T FSC SI Plant G5T3 Current Link Vascular Lobelia boykinhi Boykin's Lobelia T FSC SI G2G3 Onslow - Link Plant Current Vascular Lobelia boykinii G2G3 Scotland - Link Boykin's Lobelia T FSC Si Plant Current Vascular Lophiola aurea G4 Brunswick - Ln Golden Crest E - Si G4 Current Plant L Vascular 04 Columbus - Link Lophiola aurea Golden Crest I E - Si Plant Current Vascular New Plant Lophiola aurea Golden Crest E - Si G4 Hanover - Link Current Vascular Lophiola aurea Golden Crest G4 Onslow, - Link E - Si Plant Current Vascular G5T3 Cabarrus Link Lotus helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 - Plant Current Vascular G5T3 Caswell - Link Lotus helled Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 Historic Plant http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

Page 14 of 27 NC NC NBP Search Element Search NHP County Element Page 14 of 27 Vascular Lotus heller S G5T3 Davidson - Link Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G Current Plant Vascular Lotus helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Dasvtoric Link Plant Vascular Lotus helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Granville- Link Plant Lotus heller S3 G5T3 -Current Link Vascular Lotus helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Iredell - Link Plant Historic Link Vascular Lotus helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Mecklenburg Link Plant Current C VPascular Lotus hellen Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Moare- Link S3 G Current Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 GT3 CtPerson- Link Plant S3 G5T3 Historic Link Vascular Los hi Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Rockingham Link Plant Losihellon - Current Vascular Lotus helleri Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Rowan - Link Plant Current Plant Vascular Vpaasctular Lotus helienased lfo Lotsimahia Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Htanly - Link Current Vascular Lotus helien Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC S3 G5T3 Current Link Plant Plant Vascular Ltshle sed Lysihi S3 G5T3 Warren - Link Carolina Birdfoot-trefoil SR-T FSC $3 Historic Vascular Lysimachia asperlifolia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E $3 G3 Beaufort - Link Plant S3 G3 Current Link Vascular Plaan~t~r Lysimachia aspenlifolia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E S3 G3 Bland-Current Link VPascular Vascular S2 G2 oBrunswick Link Plant Lysimachia asperulifolia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E S2 G2 OCurrent - Link Vaclart Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E $3 G3 Carteret - Link VPlasnctular Lysimachia asperuifolia Current Vascular S3 G3 Columbus - Link Paclant Lysimachia asperulifolia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E Historic Vaclart Paclant Lysimachia asperulifolha Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E S3 G3 Current Link Vaclart Paclant Lysimachia aspet7Jlifolia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E S2 G Harnett- Link Vaclart $3 G3 ~Current Ln Paclant Lysimachia asperulifolia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E $3 G3 Hoke - Ln Current Ln Vascular New VPlaan~tla Lysimachia Rough-leaf Loosestnfe E E Ss 03 Hanover - Link Plant Lysimachia fasperuifoi aspenulifolia Current Paclant Lysimachia asperulifola Rough-leaf Loosestrife El E $3 G3 Onslow - Link Current Vaclart Paclant Lysimachia asperulifolia Rough-leaf estrife E E $3 G3 Pamlico - Link Current Vaclart Paclant Lysimachia asperuflofoia Rough-leaf Loosestrife E' E S3 G3 Pender - Link Current Vaclart Paclant Lysimachla asperulhfolla Rough-leaf Loosestrife E. E $3 G3 Richmond - Link Current Vaclart Rough-leaf Loosestrife E E S3 G3 S$cotland - Ln Paclant Lysimachia asperulifolia $3 G3 ~Current Ln Vaclart Paclant Lysimachia traseni Frasees Loosestrife E FSC $2 G2 Buncombe - Uink Historic Vaclart Vaclant Lysimachia fraseri Fraseros Loosestrife E FSC $2 G2 Haywood - Link Obscure Vaclart Vaclant Lysimachia frasen Fraser's Losestrife E FSC $2 G2 Henderson - Link Obscure Vaclart Fraser's Loosestrife, E FSC $2 G2 Jackson - Link Paclant Lysimrachia frasern Current Vascular Lysimachia fraseri Fraser's Loosestrife E FSC $2 G2 Macon - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11IM72005

Page 15 of 27 NC NBP County Element Search NCNHP Search Page 15 of 27 Plant Current Vascular Transylvania Link Plant Lysimachia fraser! Fraser's Loosestrife E FSC S2 G2

                                                                                             - Current Vascular                                                                                   Bladen   -        Link Plant      Macbridea caroliniana         Carolina Bogmint            T      FSC  S2  G2G3 Current Vascular                                                                                   Brunswick-        Link Macbridea caroliniana         Carolina Bogmint            T      FSC  S2  G2G3 Plant                                                                                      Current           Link Vascular                                                                                   Columbus       -  Link Plant      Macbridea caroliniana         Carolina Bogmint            T      FSC  S2  G2G3 Current Vascular                                                                                   Harnett -         Link Macbridea caroliniana         Carolina Bogmint            T     FSC   S2  G2G3 Plant                                                                                      Current Vascular                                                                                   Johnston    -     Link Plant      Macbridea caroliniana         Carolina Bogmint            T     FSC   S2  G2G3 Current Vascular                                                                                   Joneso-           Link Macbridea caroliniana         Carolina Bogmint            T     FSC   S2  G2G3 Plant                                                                                      Obscure            Ln Vascular                                                                                   Pender-           Link Macbridea caroliniana         Carolina Bogmint            T     FSC   S2 G2G3 Plant                                                                                      Current Vascular                                                                                   Robeson-          Link Macbndea caroliniana          Carolina Bogmint            T     FSC   S2 G2G3 Plant                                                                                      Current Vascular                                                                                   Sampson -         Link Macbridea caroliniana         Carolina Bogmint            T     FSC   S2 G2G3 Plant                                                                                     Current Vascular                                 Large-flowered Barbara's    SR-T  FSC             Henderson -Link Plant      Marshallia grandiflora        Buttons                                SH  G2 Historic          Ln Vascular                                 Large-flowered Barbara's    SR-T  FSC             Polkn-           Link Marshallia grandiflora                                               SH  G2 Plant                                    Buttons                                           Historic          Ln Vascular                                                                                  Granville   -     Ln Marshallia sp 1                Butner Barbara's Buttons    SR-L  FSC  S1  Gi Plant                                                                                     Current           Link Vascular                                                                                  Watauga     -     Link Menyanthes trifoliata          Buckbean                    T          S1  G5 Plant.                                                                                    Current Vascular                                                                                  Craven    -       Link Minuartia godfreyi            Godfrey's Sandwort           E     FSC  Si  GI Plant                                                                                     Current Vascular                                                                                  Jones -

Minuartia godfreyi Godfrey's Sandwort E FSC S1 Gi Plant Historic Link Vascular Ansonl- Link Minuartia uniflora Single-flowered Sandwort E - S1 G4 Plant Current Vascular Rowan - Link Minuartia uniflora Single-flowered Sandwort E - Si G4 Plant Historic Vascular Rutherford- Link Minuartia uniflora Single-flowered Sandwort E - Si G4 Plant Current Link Vascular Alamance - Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Plant Obscure Vascular Monotropsis odorata Alleghany- Link Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Plant Obscure Vascular Buncombe - Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Plant Current Vascular Burke - Ln Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Plant Current Ln Vascular Caldwell - Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Plant Historic Vascular Catawba - Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap , SR-T FSC S3 G3 Plant Current Vascular Chatham - Link Plant Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 I SR-T FSC S3 Current Vascular Cleveland - Ln Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap G3 Plant Current Ln Vascular Durham - Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Plant Current Vascular Henderson - Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-I FSC 53 G3 Plant Obscure Vascular Jackson - Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Plant Current Vascular Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Macon - Link http://207.4.179.50/nhp/find.php 11/7/2005

NC NHP County Element Search Page 16 of 27 Plant Obscure Vascular Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 McDowell - Link Monotropsis odorata Current Plant Vascular Orange- Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Current Plant Vascular Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Person - Link Plant Historic Link Vascular Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Polk - Ln Plant Historic Ln Vascular Rutherford - Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Current Plant Vascular Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Stokes - Link Monotropsis odorata Current Plant Vascular Swain- Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Historic Ln Plant Vascular Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Transylvania Link Monotropsis odorata - Current Plant Vascular Wake- Link Monotropsis odorata Sweet Pinesap SR-T FSC S3 G3 Historic Ln Plant Vascular Muhlenbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass E - S1 G3 Brunswick - Link Plant Current Vascular Si G3 Cumberland Muhlenbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass E -

                                                                       - Current        Lik Plant Vascular   Muhlenbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass E    -   Si G3 Hokent           Link Plant                                                                  Current          Link Vascular   Muhlenbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass E    -   Si G3 Onslow -         Ln Plant                                                                  Current          Link Vascular                          Pinebarren Smokegrass E        Si G3 Pender-          Link Muhlenbergia torreyana                            -

Current Plant Vascular Muhienbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass E - S1 G3 Richmond Link Plant Current Ln Vascular Muhlenbergia torreyana Pinebarren Smokegrass E Robeson- Link

                                                             -   Si G3 Current Plant Vascular   Myrica gale            Sweet Gale            E        Si G5 Henderson -      Link Plant                                                                  Current Vascular                                                               Brunswick -      Link Myriophyllum laxum     Loose Watermilfoil    T    FSC S1 G3 Current Plant Vascular                                                               Carteret-        Link Myriophyllum laxum     Loose Watermilfoil    T    FSC Si G3 Current           Ln Plant Vascular                                                               Craven -         Link Myriophyllum laxum     Loose Watermilfoil    T    FSC Si G3 Historic Plant Vascular                                                               Cumberland       Link Myriophyllum laxum     Loose Watermilfoil    T    FSC Si G3 Plant                                                                  - Current Vascular                                                                Hoke             Lin Myriophyllum laxum     Loose Watermilfoil    T    FSC Si G3 Current          Link Plant Vascular Myriophyllum laxum     Loose Watermilfoil    T    FSC Si G3 Onslowt-         Link Plant                                                                  Current          Link Vascular                                                                Henderson      - Link Narthecium americanum  Bog Asphodel          E    C   SX G2 Historic Plant Vascular                                                          SH GH Polks-           Link Orbexilum macrophyllum Bigleaf Scurfpea      E    FSC       Historic          Ln Plant Vascular                           Canby's Dropwort      E    E   S1 G2 Scotland  -      Link Oxypoftis canbyi Plant                                                                  Current Vascular Packera millefolium    Divided-leaf Ragwort  T    FSC S2 G2 Buncombe-        Link Plant                                                                  Current          Ln Vascular                           Divided-leaf Ragwort  T    FSC S2 G2 Henderson      - Link Packera millefolium                                         Historic Plant Vascular                          Divided-leaf Ragwort  T    FSC S2 G2 Jackson -        Link Packera millefolium                                         Current Plant Vascular                           Divided-leaf Ragwort  T    FSC S2 G2 Macon -          Link Packera millefolium Plant                                                                  Current Vascular   Packera millefolium    Divided-leaf Ragwort  T    FSC S2 G2 McDowell    -    Link http://207.4. 179.50/nhp/find.php                                                 11/7/2005

Page 17 of 27 NHP County Element NC NIHP Search Element Search Page 17 of 27 Plant Current Vascular G2 Polk - Link Packera millefolium Divided-leaf Ragwort T FSC S2 Plant G2 Current Ln Vascular G2 Rutherford - Link Packera millefolium Divided-leaf Ragwort T FSC S2 Plant G3 Current Vascular Pamassia caroliniana G3 Bladen - Ln Carolina Grass-of- E - S2 Plant pamassus G3 Current Link Vascular Pamassia caroliniana G3 Brunswick - Link Carolina Grass-of- E - S2 Plant pamassus G3 -Current Vascular Pamassia caroliniana Carolina Grass-of- E G3 Columbus - Link

                                                                        -    S2 Plant                                  parnassus                                G3     Current Vascular   Pamassia caroliniana         Carolina Grass-of-        E          S2 parnassus                       -        G3     Cumberland        Link Plant Vascular   Pamassia caroliniana         Carolina Grass-of-         E    -    S2 Plant                                                                                  Current Vascular                                pamassus                                 G3    Sc-Hoke            Link Plant                                                                            G3     Current Onslow-           Link Vascular   Pamassia caroliniana                                                  G3    Ahee-              Le k Plant Carolina Grass-of-pamassus                  E     -    S2  G3 G3     Current Historic          Link Link Pamassia caroliniana          CarolnasGrass-f          E          S2 Vascular Plant Pamassia caroliniana         Carolina Grass-of-pamassus                  E     -    S2  G3 G3 Onslow Current -         Link Vascular                                                                         G3 Plant Pamassia caroaniana          Carolina Grass-of-parnassus E     -    S2     G3 BPender-Current           Link Ln Vascular                                pamassus                                 G3    Scotland    -      Link Pamassia caroainiana         Carolina Grass-of-        E     -    S2 Plant                                                                            G3    Current Vascular   Pamassia grandifolia Plant Large-leaved pamassus        Grass-of- T    FSC    82 G3    Alleghany Current -          Link Vascular                                pamassus                                       Ashe -              Ln Pamassia grandifolia         Large-leaved Grass-of-    T    FSC   S2  G3    Current            Un Plant'<

Vascular pamassus G3 Avery- Ln Pamassia grandifolia Largav Ga- T FSC S2 Plant G3 Histonc Link Vascular pamassus Brunswick - Link Pamassia grandifolia Large-leaved Grass-of- T FSC S2 Plant G5 Current Vascular pamassus Plant Pamassia grandifolia Large-leaved Grass-of- T FSC S2 G G3 Buncombe Historic - Link Vascular pamnassus G3 Clay - Ln Pamassia grandifolia Large-leaved Grass-of- T FSC S2 Plant G2 Current Link Vascular pamnassus G G3 Columbus Paeassia grandifolia Large-leaved Grass-of- T FSC S2 - Link Plant Current Ln Vascular Pamassia grandifolia Plant Large-leaved Grass-of-pamrassus T FSC S2 G3 Haywood-Current Link Pamnassia grandifolia Large-leaved Grass-of- T FSC S2 Vascular pamassus G3 McDowell - Link Plant G2 Current Pamnassia grandifolia Large-leaved Grass-of- T FSC 82 Vascular parnassus}}