ML25160A107
| ML25160A107 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Calvert Cliffs  |
| Issue date: | 06/09/2025 |
| From: | Constellation Energy Generation |
| To: | Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| Shared Package | |
| ML25160A105 | List: |
| References | |
| Download: ML25160A107 (1) | |
Text
Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 2024 Document Number: 50-317 and 50-318 Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 1 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS................................................................................ 3 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
............................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Comparison to Regulatory Limits.................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 8 3.1 About Nuclear Power...................................................................................................... 8 3.2 About Radiation Dose.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.10 3.3 About Dose Calculation................................................................................................ 12 DOSE ASSESSMENT FOR PLANT OPERATIONS................................................................. 14 4.1 Regulatory Limits.......................................................................................................... 14 4.2 Regulatory Limits for Gaseous Effluent Doses:............................................................. 14 4.3 Regulatory Limits for Liquid Effluent Doses................................................................... 15 4.4 40 CFR 190 Regulatory Dose Limits for a Member of the Public.................................. 16 4.5 Onsite Doses (Within Site Boundary)............................................................................ 16 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION........................................................................................... 17 5.1 Gaseous Batch Releases............................................................................................. 17 5.2 Liquid Batch Releases.................................................................................................. 17 5.3 Abnormal Releases...................................................................................................... 17 5.4 Land Use Census Changes.......................................................................................... 17 5.5 Meteorological Data...................................................................................................... 18 5.6 Effluent Radiation Monitors Out of Service Greater Than 30 Days................................ 18 5.7 Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM) Changes...................................................... 18 5.8 Process Control Program (PCP) Changes.................................................................... 18 5.9 Radioactive Waste Treatment System Changes........................................................... 18 5.10 Other Supplemental Information................................................................................... 18 NEI 07-07 ONSITE RADIOLOGICAL GROUNDWATER MONITORING PROGRAM............... 20 6.1 Voluntary Notification.................................................................................................... 20 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................... 21 TABLES Table 1, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Dose Summary.................................................................. 6 Table 2, Total Annual Offsite-Dose Comparison to 40 CFR 190 Limits for CCNPP................................ 7 Table 3, Onsite Doses (Within Site Boundary)..................................................................................... 16 Table 4, Gaseous Effluents Summation of All Releases Site.............................................................. 22 Table 5, Gaseous Effluents - Ground Level Release Batch Mode Site.............................................. 23 Table 6, Gaseous Effluents - Ground Level Release Continuous Mode Site..................................... 24 Table 7, Liquid Effluents - Summation of All Releases Site................................................................ 25 Table 8, Batch Mode Liquid Effluents Site............................................................................................ 26 Table 9, Continuous Mode Liquid Effluents Site................................................................................... 27 Table 10, Types of Solid Waste Summary Site.................................................................................... 28
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 2 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Table 11, Major Nuclides Site.............................................................................................................. 30 Table 12, Solid Waste Disposition Site................................................................................................ 33 Table 13, Irradiated Fuel Shipments Disposition Site........................................................................... 33 Table 14, Classification of Atmospheric Stability.................................................................................. 34 FIGURES Figure 1, Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) [1]..................................................................................... 8 Figure 2, Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) [2]............................................................................................. 9 Figure 3, Sources of Radiation Exposure (NCRP Report No. 160) [3].................................................. 10 Figure 4, Potential exposure pathways to Members of the Public due to Plant Operations [6]............. 12 ATTACHMENTS, ARERR Release Summary Tables (RG-1.21 Tables)................................................... 22, Solid Waste Information................................................................................................ 28, Meteorological Data...................................................................................................... 34
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 3 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant LIST OF ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
- 1.
Alpha Particle (): A charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom having a mass and charge equal in magnitude of a helium nucleus.
- 2.
BWR: Boiling Water Reactor
- 3.
Composite Sample: A series of single collected portions (aliquots) analyzed as one sample. The aliquots making up the sample are collected at time intervals that are very short compared to the composite period.
- 4.
Control: A sampling station in a location not likely to be affected by plant effluents due to its distance and/or direction from the Plant.
- 5.
Counting Error: An estimate of the two-sigma uncertainty associated with the sample results based on total counts accumulated.
- 6.
Curie (Ci): A measure of radioactivity; equal to 3.7 x 1010 disintegrations per second, or 2.22 x 1012 disintegrations per minute.
- 7.
Direct Radiation Monitoring: The measurement of radiation dose at various distances from the plant is assessed using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs), and/or pressurized ionization chambers.
- 8.
Grab Sample: A single discrete sample drawn at one point in time.
- 9.
Indicator: A sampling location that is potentially affected by plant effluents due to its proximity and/or direction from the plant.
- 10.
Ingestion Pathway: The ingestion pathway includes milk, fish, drinking water and garden produce. Also sampled (under special circumstances) are other media such as vegetation or animal products when additional information about particular radionuclides is needed.
- 11.
ISFSI: Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation
- 12.
LLD: Lower Limit of Detection. An a priori measure of the detection capability of a radiochemistry measurement based on instrument setup, calibration, background, decay time, and sample volume. An LLD is expressed as an activity concentration. The MDA is used for reporting results. LLD are specified by a regulator, such as the NRC and are typically listed in the ODCM.
- 13.
MDA: Minimum Detectable Activity. For radiochemistry instruments, the MDA is the a posteriori minimum concentration that a counting system detects. The smallest concentration or activity of radioactive material in a sample that will yield a net count above instrument background and that is detected with 95%
probability, with only 5% probability of falsely concluding that a blank observation represents a true signal.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 4 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant
- 14.
MDC: Minimum Detectable Concentration. Essentially synonymous with MDA for the purposes of radiological monitoring.
- 15.
Mean: The sum of all of the values in a distribution divided by the number of values in the distribution, synonymous with average.
- 16.
Microcurie (µCi): 3.7 x 104 disintegrations per second, or 2.22 x106 disintegrations per minute.
- 17.
millirem (mrem): 1/1000 rem; a unit of radiation dose equivalent in tissue.
- 18.
Milliroentgen (mR): 1/1000 Roentgen; a unit of exposure to X-or gamma radiation.
- 19.
N/A: Not Applicable
- 20.
NEI: Nuclear Energy Institute
- 21.
NRC: Nuclear Regulatory Commission
- 22.
ODCM: Offsite Dose Calculation Manual
- 23.
OSLD: Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter
- 24.
Protected Area: A 10 CFR 73 security term is an area encompassed by physical barriers and to which access is controlled for security purposes. The fenced area immediately surrounding the plant and around ISFSI are commonly classified by the licensee as Protected areas. Access to the protected area requires a security badge or escort.
- 25.
PWR: Pressurized Water Reactor
- 26.
REC: Radiological Effluent Control
- 27.
REMP: Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program
- 28.
Restricted Area: A 10 CFRR 20 defined term where access to which is limited by the licensee for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to radiation and radioactive materials.
- 29.
TEDE: Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) means the sum of the effective dose equivalent (for external exposures) and the committed effective dose equivalent (for internal exposures).
- 30.
TLD: Thermoluminescent Dosimeter
- 31.
TRM: Technical Requirements Manual
- 32.
TS: Technical Specification
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 5 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant
- 33.
Unrestricted Area: An area, access to which is neither limited nor controlled by the licensee.
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) Radiological Effluent Control (REC)
Program was established to limit the quantities of radioactive material that may be released based on calculated radiation doses or dose rates. Dose to Members of the Public due to radioactive materials released from the plant is limited by Technical Specifications,10 CFR 20, 10CFR50, and by 40 CFR 190. Operational doses to the public during 2024 were calculated to be within the limits required by regulation and compared to other sources of radiation dose and pose no health hazard. These doses are summarized and compared to the regulatory limits in Section 2.1 Comparison to Regulatory Limits below.
The Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report (ARERR) is published per REC requirements and provides data related to plant operation, including: quantities of radioactive materials released in liquid and gaseous effluents; radiation doses to members of the public; solid radioactive waste shipped offsite for processing or direct disposal; and other information as required by site licensing documents.
In 2024, the gaseous effluent dose assessments for locations from the Land Use Census showed that the critical receptor for Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant is the Teenager due to the Inhalation pathway, at 2.4 km in the SE sector. The maximum Annual Organ Dose calculated for this receptor was 4.36E-04 mrem to the Liver.
The maximum dose calculated to any organ due to radioactive liquid effluents was 2.22E-03 mrem, for adult Gi-LLI due to liquid pathway in the NE sector.
Solid radioactive waste shipped offsite for processing or direct disposal included 1.17E+02 Curies and 1.02E+02 m3, shipped in 11 shipments.
In addition to monitoring radioactive effluents, CCNPP has a Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) that monitors for levels of radiation and radioactive materials in the local environment. Data from the REMP is published in the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report (AREOR).
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 6 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 2.1 Comparison to Regulatory Limits During 2024 all liquid, and gaseous radioactive effluents from Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant were well below regulatory limits, as summarized in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Dose Summary1 Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Annual Liquid Effluent2 Dose Limit, Total Body Limit 3 mrem 3 mrem 3 mrem 3 mrem 6 mrem Total Body Dose 3.49E-04 1.33E-04 3.73E-04 3.35E-04 1.19E-03
% of Limit 1.16E-02 4.43E-02 1.24E-02 1.12E-02 1.98E-02 Liquid Effluent3 Dose Limit, Any Organ Limit 10 mrem 10 mrem 10 mrem 10 mrem 20 mrem Max Organ Dose 5.08E-04 1.31E-04 3.41E-04 1.24E-03 2.22E-03
% of Limit 5.08E-03 1.31E-03 3.41E-03 1.24E-02 1.11E-02 Gaseous Effluent Dose Limit, Gamma Air (Noble Gas)
Limit 10 mrad 10 mrad 10 mrad 10 mrad 20 mrad Gamma Air Dose 2.40E-05 1.83E-05 1.45E-05 1.46E-05 7.14E-05
% of Limit 2.40E-04 1.83E-04 1.45E-04 1.46E-04 3.57E-04 Gaseous Effluent Dose Limit, Beta Air (Noble Gas)
Limit 20 mrad 20 mrad 20 mrad 20 mrad 40 mrad Beta Air Dose 2.89E-05 6.44E-06 5.10E-06 5.15E-06 4.56E-05
% of Limit 1.45E-04 3.22E-05 2.55E-05 2.58E-05 1.14E-04 Gaseous Effluent Organ Dose Limit (Iodine, Tritium, Particulates with
> 8-day half-life)
Limit 15 mrem 15 mrem 15 mrem 15 mrem 30 mrem Max Organ Dose 8.92E-05 9.73E-05 1.56E-04 9.32E-05 4.36E-044
% of Limit 5.95E-04 6.49E-04 1.04E-03 6.21E-04 1.45E-03 1 Table 1 demonstrates compliance with 10 CFR Part 50, App. I Limits.
2 Adult at NE 0.5 miles 3 Adult at NE 0.5 miles Gi-LLI 4 Teenager, 2.4 miles Liver
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 7 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Table 2, Total Annual Offsite-Dose Comparison to 40 CFR 190 Limits for CCNPP1 Whole Body Thyroid Max Other Organ Gaseous2 8.71E-04 8.71E-04 8.71E-04 Carbon-14 3.24E-02 3.24E-02 1.62E-01 Liquid 1.19E-03 1.01E-03 2.22E-03 Direct Shine Not Detectable Not Detectable Not Detectable Total Site Dose 3.63E-02 3.61E-02 1.65E-01 Total w/Other Nearby Facility3 N/A N/A N/A Limit 25 mrem 75 mrem 25 mrem
% of Limit 1.45E-01 4.81E-02 6.60E-01 1 Table 2 is a summation of Units to show compliance with 40 CFR Part 190 Limits.
2 Gaseous dose values in Table 2 include organ dose from Noble Gas, Iodine, Tritium, and particulates.
3 Other fuel cycle sources within 5 miles of the site would be considered if they existed in this analysis.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 8 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant INTRODUCTION 3.1 About Nuclear Power Commercial nuclear power plants are generally classified as either Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) or Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs), based on their design. A BWR includes a single coolant system where water used as reactor coolant boils as it passes through the core and the steam generated is used to turn the turbine generator for power production. A PWR, in contrast, includes two separate water systems: radioactive reactor coolant and a secondary system. Reactor coolant is maintained under high pressure, preventing boiling. The high-pressure coolant is passed through a heat exchanger called a steam generator where the secondary system water is boiled, and the steam is used to turn the turbine generator for power production.
Figure 1, Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) [1]
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 9 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 3.1 (Continued)
Figure 2, Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) [2]
Electricity is generated by a nuclear power plant similarly to the way that electricity is generated at other conventional types of power plants, such as those powered by coal or natural gas. Water is boiled to generate steam; the steam turns a turbine that is attached to a generator and the steam is condensed back into water to be returned to the boiler. What makes nuclear power different from these other types of power plants is that the heat is generated by fission and decay reactions occurring within and around the core containing fissionable uranium (U-235).
Nuclear fission occurs when certain nuclides (primarily U-233, U-235, or Pu-239) absorb a neutron and break into several smaller nuclides (called fission products) as well as producing some additional neutrons.
Fission results in production of radioactive materials including gases and solids that must be contained to prevent release or treated prior to release. These effluents are generally treated by filtration and/or hold-up prior to release. Releases are generally monitored by sampling and by continuously indicating radiation monitors. The effluent release data is used to calculate doses in order to ensure that dose to the public due to plant operation remains within required limits.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 10 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 3.2 About Radiation Dose Ionizing radiation, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation from radioactive decay, has enough energy to break chemical bonds in tissues and result in damage to tissue or genetic material. The amount of ionization that will be generated by a given exposure to ionizing radiation is quantified as dose. Radiation dose is generally reported in units of millirem (mrem) in the US.
Figure 3, Sources of Radiation Exposure (NCRP Report No. 160) [3]
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 11 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 3.2 (Continued)
The National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) has evaluated the population dose for the US and determined that the average individual is exposed to approximately 620 mrem per year [3]. There are many sources for radiation dose, ranging from natural background sources to medical procedures, air travel, and industrial processes. Approximately half (310 mrem) of the average exposure is due to natural sources of radiation including exposure to radon, cosmic radiation, and internal radiation and terrestrial due to naturally occurring radionuclides. The remaining 310 mrem of exposure is due to man-made sources of exposure, with the most significant contributors being medical (48% of total mrem per year) due to radiation used in various types of medical scans and treatments. Of the remaining 2%
of dose, most is due to consumer activities such as air travel, smoking cigarettes, and building materials. A small fraction of this 2% is due to industrial activities including generation of nuclear power.
Readers that are curious about common sources and effects of radiation dose that they may encounter can find excellent sources of information from the Health Physics Society, including the Radiation Fact Sheets [4], and from the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission website [5].
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 12 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 3.3 About Dose Calculation Concentrations of radioactive material in the environment resulting from plant operations are very small and it is not possible to determine doses directly using measured activities of environmental samples. To overcome this, dose calculations based on measured activities of effluent streams are used to model the dose impact for Members of the Public due to plant operation and effluents. There are several mechanisms that can result in dose to Members of the Public, including: Ingestion of radionuclides in food or water; Inhalation of radionuclides in air; Immersion in a plume of noble gases; and Direct Radiation from the ground, the plant or from an elevated plume.
Figure 4, Potential exposure pathways to Members of the Public due to Plant Operations [6]
Each plant has an Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM) that specifies the methodology used to obtain the doses in the Dose Assessment section of this report.
The dose assessment methodology in the ODCM is based on NRC Regulatory Guide 1.109 [7] and NUREG-0133 [8]. Doses are calculated by determining what the nuclide concentration will be in air, water, on the ground, or in food products based on plant effluent releases. Release points are continuously monitored to quantify what concentrations of nuclides are being released. For gaseous releases meteorological data is used to determine how much of the released activity will be present at a given location outside of the plant either deposited onto the ground or in gaseous form.
Intake patterns and nuclide bio-concentration factors are used to determine how much activity will be transferred into animal milk or meat. Finally, human ingestion factors and dose factors are used to determine how much activity will be consumed and how much dose the consumer will receive. Inhalation dose is calculated by determining the concentration of nuclides and how much air is breathed by the individual.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 13 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 3.3 (Continued)
For liquid releases, dilution and mixing factors are used to model the environmental concentrations in water. Drinking water pathways are modeled by determining the concentration of nuclides in the water at the point where the drinking water is sourced (e.g., taken from wells, rivers, or lakes). Fish and invertebrate pathways are determined by using concentration at the release point, bioaccumulation factors for the fish or invertebrate and an estimate of the quantity of fish consumed.
Each year a Land Use Census is performed to determine what potential dose pathways currently exist within a five-mile radius around the plant, the area most affected by plant operations. The Annual Land Use Census identifies the locations of vegetable gardens, nearest residences, milk animals and meat animals. The data from the census is used to determine who is the likely to be most exposed to radiation dose as a result of plant operation.
There is significant uncertainty in dose calculation results, due to modeling dispersion of material released and bioaccumulation factors, as well as assumptions associated with consumption and land-use patterns. Even with these sources of uncertainty, the calculations do provide a reasonable estimate of the order of magnitude of the exposure. Conservative assumptions are made in the calculation inputs such as the number of various foods and water consumed, the amount of air inhaled, and the amount of direct radiation exposure from the ground or plume, such that the actual dose received are likely lower than the calculated dose. Even with the built-in conservatism, doses calculated for the maximum exposed individual due to plant operation are a very small fraction of the annual dose that is received due to other sources. The calculated doses due to plant effluents, along with REMP results, serve to provide assurance that radioactive effluents releases are not exceeding safety standards for the environment or people living near the plant.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 14 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant DOSE ASSESSMENT FOR PLANT OPERATIONS 4.1 Regulatory Limits Regulatory limits are detailed in station licensing documents such as the plant Technical Specifications and the Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM) and Technical Specifications 5.5.f., 5.5.g., 5.5.h., 5.5.i., 5.5.j., 5.5.k., and 5.5.l. These documents contain the limits to which CCNPP must adhere. CCNPP drives to maintain the philosophy to keep dose as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA) and actions are taken to reduce the amount of radiation released to the environment.
Liquid and gaseous release data show that the dose from CCNPP is well below the ODCM limits. The instantaneous concentration of liquid radioactive material released shall be limited to ten times the concentration specified in 10 CFR 20, Appendix B, Table 2, Column 2, for radionuclides other than dissolved or entrained noble gases.
For dissolved or entrained noble gases, the total concentration released shall be limited to 2.0 x 10-4 microcuries/ml.
The annual whole body, skin and organ dose was computed using the 2024 source term using the dose calculation methodology provided in the ODCM. The calculated doses due to gaseous effluents are used to demonstrate compliance with offsite dose limits are presented in Table 1, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Dose Summary and Table 2, Total Annual Offsite-Dose Comparison to 40 CFR 190 Limits for CCNPP.
4.2 Regulatory Limits for Gaseous Effluent Doses:
- 1.
Fission and activation gases:
- a.
Noble gases dose rate due to radioactive materials released in gaseous effluents from the site to areas at and beyond the site boundary shall be limited to the following:
- 1)
Less than or equal to 500 mrem/year to the total body
- 2)
Less than or equal to 3000 mrem/year to the skin
- b.
Noble gas air dose due to noble gases released in gaseous effluents, from each reactor unit, to areas at and beyond the site boundary shall be limited to the following:
- 1)
Quarterly a)
Less than or equal to 5 mrads gamma b)
Less than or equal to 10 mrads beta
- 2)
Yearly a)
Less than or equal to 10 mrads gamma b)
Less than or equal to 20 mrads beta
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 15 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 4.2 (Continued)
- 2.
Iodine, tritium, and all radionuclides in particulate form with half-lives greater than 8 days.
- a.
The dose rate for iodine-131, iodine-133, tritium, and all radionuclides in particulate form with half-lives greater than 8 days in gaseous effluents released from the site to areas at and beyond the site boundary shall be limited to the following:
- 1)
Less than or equal to 1500 mrem/yr to any organ
- b.
The dose to a MEMBER OF THE PUBLIC from iodine-131, iodine-133, tritium, and all radionuclides in particulate form with half-lives greater than 8 DAYS in gaseous effluents released, from each reactor unit, to areas at and beyond the site boundary shall be limited to the following:
- 1)
Quarterly a)
Less than or equal to 7.5 mrem to any organ
- 2)
Yearly a)
Less than or equal to 15 mrem to any organ 4.3 Regulatory Limits for Liquid Effluent Doses
- 1.
The dose or dose commitment to a MEMBER OF THE PUBLIC from radioactive materials in liquid effluents released, from each reactor unit, to unrestricted areas shall be limited to the following:
- a.
Quarterly
- 1)
Less than or equal to 1.5 mrem total body
- 2)
Less than or equal to 5 mrem critical organ
- b.
Yearly
- 1)
Less than or equal to 3 mrem total body
- 2)
Less than or equal to 10 mrem critical organ
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 16 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 4.4 40 CFR 190 Regulatory Dose Limits for a Member of the Public
- 1.
Total Dose (40 CFR 190)
- a.
The annual (calendar year) dose or dose commitment to any MEMBER OF THE PUBLIC in the unrestricted area due to releases of radioactivity and to radiation from uranium fuel cycle sources shall be limited to the following:
- 1)
Less than or equal to 25 mrem, Total Body or any Organ except Thyroid.
- 2)
Less than or equal to 75 mrem, Thyroid.
4.5 Onsite Doses (Within Site Boundary)
CCNPP classifies individuals within the site boundary as either occupationally exposed individuals or members of the public. This section evaluates dose to non-occupationally exposed workers and members of the public that may be onsite for various reasons. The report must include any other information as may be required by the Commission to estimate maximum potential annual radiation doses to the public resulting from effluent releases as required by 10 CFR 50.36a(a)(2). While within controlled or restricted areas, the limits from Sections 4.1 through 4.4 do not apply; however, 10 CFR 20.1301 dose limit of 100 mrem per year TEDE and dose rate limit of 2 mrem per hour from external sources continue to apply. Occupancy times within the controlled areas are generally sufficiently low to compensate for increase in the atmospheric dispersion factor above the site boundary. Groups of concern include Members of the Public at Camp Conoy and the Visitor Center. Use of a conservative occupancy factors of 0.386 and 0.038 spent inside the site boundary by these groups conservatively represents the most exposed individual.
Table 3, Onsite Doses (Within Site Boundary)
Location Sector Approx.
Distance (Meters)
X/Q (s/m3)
D/Q (1/m2)
Total Body Dose (mrem)
Direct Dose Total Noble Gas
914.4 1.91E-07 5.36E-09 2.39E-06 4.01E-04 0.00 4.03E-04 Visitor Center WNW 304.8 8.68E-06 8.68E-08 1.07E-05 1.79E-03 0.00 1.80E-03
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 17 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION 5.1 Gaseous Batch Releases 5.1.1 CCNPP SITE Number of batch releases 75 Total time period for a batch release 3.11E+04 minutes Maximum time period for a batch release 3.60E+03 minutes Average time period for a batch release 4.14E+02 minutes Minimum time period for a batch release 9.50E+01 minutes 5.2 Liquid Batch Releases 5.2.1 CCNPP Site Number of batch releases 53 Total time period for a batch release 5.51E+05 minutes Maximum time period for a batch release 4.46E+04 minutes Average time period for a batch release 1.04E+04 minutes Minimum time period for a batch release 2.05E+02 minutes Average total flow during period of release 4.37E+06 lpm 5.3 Abnormal Releases 5.3.1 Gaseous Abnormal Releases There were no abnormal gaseous releases from the CCNPP Site in 2024.
5.3.2 Liquid Abnormal Releases There were no abnormal liquid releases from the CCNPP Site in 2024.
5.4 Land Use Census Changes There were no significant changes in the Land Use Census that would affect the 2024 CCNPP Radiological Effluent Control Program.
5.5 Meteorological Data The CCNPP meteorological monitoring program achieved a 99.5% Joint Frequency Distribution data recovery. A summary of required meteorological data is included in the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report and is not included in this report. The Joint Frequency Distribution data is stored on site and available for review upon request. The meteorological data converts the hourly data into X/Q and D/Q values using the NRC computer code XOQDOQ. [9]
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 18 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 5.6 Effluent Radiation Monitors Out of Service Greater Than 30 Days Effluent Radiation Monitor Name Number of Days Out of Service Date Range Out of Service Reason Out of Service >30 Days Additional Notes (ODCM or TS) 0-RE-2191 Gaseous Radwaste Processing System 365 07/29/2013 Equipment obsolescence Failed detector/Retiring in place.
0-RE-2201 Liquid Waste Discharge 330 02/05/2024 -
12/31/2024 High Bkgd/erratic reading 1-RE-4014 Steam Generator Blowdown Effluent 79 3/23/24 -
6/10/2024 Failed detector 1-RE-4014 Steam Generator Blowdown Effluent 45 6/25/24 -
8/9/2024 Missed STP 5.7 Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM) Changes There were no changes made to the Offsite Dose Calculation Manual in 2024.
5.8 Process Control Program (PCP) Changes There were no changes to the Process Control Program (PCP) in 2024.
5.9 Radioactive Waste Treatment System Changes There were no changes made to the Radwaste Treatment Systems in 2024.
5.10 Other Supplemental Information 5.10.1 Outside Tanks In 2024, the CCNPP site did not utilize temporary outside tanks to hold radioactive materials more than 10 Curies. This requirement does not apply to tritium.
5.10.2 Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI) Monitoring Program There were 5 casks of spent fuel transferred to the ISFSI during 2024. No radionuclides were released to the environment during the ISFSI operation in 2024.
Additional information regarding the ISFSI radiological environmental monitoring program is included in the Annual Radiological Environmental Operation Report.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 19 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant 5.10.3 Carbon-14 Carbon-14 (C-14) is a naturally occurring radionuclide with a 5,730-year half-life.
Nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s significantly increased the amount of C-14 in the atmosphere. Nuclear power plants also produce C-14, but the amount is infinitesimal compared to what has been distributed in the environment due to weapons testing and what is produced by natural cosmic ray interactions.
In accordance with Regulatory Guide 1.21, Measuring, Evaluating, and Reporting Radioactive Material in Liquid and Gaseous Effluents and Solid Waste, the NRC recommended re-evaluating principal radionuclides and reporting C-14 as appropriate. Carbon-14 production and release estimates were calculated using active core coolant mass, average neutron flux by energy and reactor coolant nitrogen concentrations to determine Carbon-14 generation based upon an effective full power year. The estimated generation for Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant during 2024 was 2.03E+01 Curies.
Public dose estimates were performed using methodology from the ODCM which is based on Regulatory Guide 1.109 methodology. Carbon dioxide is assumed to make up 20-30% of the Carbon-14 gaseous emissions from the station based upon available references and on-site testing. Carbon dioxide is assumed to make up 30%
of the Carbon-14 gaseous emissions from the station based upon the EPRI reference. C-14 dose is not included in the dose calculations Table 1, but is included in Table 2.
5.10.4 Errata/Corrections to Previous ARERRs There were no errata or corrections to previous ARERRs in 2024.
5.10.5 U1 Main Vent Particulate Filter Sample Missing U1 Main Vent Particulate Filter Sample for 7/30/24 to 8/5/24 was found missing when preparing U1/U2 MV filters for shipment to vendor lab. Filter was counted for gamma analysis and was to be saved for composite alpha and hard to detects analysis. Main vent filters are placed into the lab source safe until shipment to vendor lab. Note that alpha and hard to detects on MV filters have been less than minimum detectable activity for several years. The remaining filters for the month were analyzed as normal with an adjusted volume for the missing filter.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 20 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant NEI 07-07 ONSITE RADIOLOGICAL GROUNDWATER MONITORING PROGRAM Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant has developed a Groundwater Protection Initiative (GPI) program in accordance with NEI 07-07, Industry Ground Water Protection Initiative - Final Guidance Document [10]. The purpose of the GPI is to ensure timely detection and an effective response to situations involving inadvertent radiological releases to groundwater in order to prevent migration of licensed radioactive material off-site and to quantify impacts on decommissioning. During 2024, CCNPP collected and analyzed groundwater samples in accordance with the requirements of CY-ES-214, Collection of RGPP Water Samples for Radiological Analysis.
The results of the NEI 07-07 Radiological Groundwater Monitoring Program are reported in the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report (AREOR).
6.1 Voluntary Notification During 2024, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant did not make a voluntary NEI 07-07 notification to State/Local officials, NRC, and to other stakeholders required by site procedures.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 21 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Bibliography
[1] Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 30 June 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-pwr.html. [Accessed October 2020].
[2] Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 25 June 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-bwr.html. [Accessed October 2020].
[3] "NCRP Report No. 160 - Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of the United States,"
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2009.
[4] Health Physics Society, [Online]. Available: http://hps.org/hpspublications/radiationfactsheets.html.
[Accessed 2020].
[5] "NRC Resource Page," [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation.html. [Accessed 10 November 2020].
[6] "Japan Atomic Energy Agency," 06 November 2020. [Online]. Available:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/04/ntokai/houkan/houkan_02.html.
[7] "Regulatory Guide 1.109 - Calculation of Annual Doses to Man from Routine Releases of Reactor Effluents for the Purpose of Demonstrating Compliance with 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix I," Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Ocotober, 1977.
[8] "NUREG-0133 - Preparation of Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants,"
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987.
[9] "NUREG-0324, XOQDOQ, Program for the Meteorological Evaluation of Routine Effluent Releases at Nuclear Power Stations,," Nuclear Regulatory Commission, September, 1977.
[10] "NEI 07 Industry Ground Water Protection Initiative Final Guidance Document, Rev. 1,"
Nuclear Energy Institute, Washington, D.C., 2019.
[11] "10 CFR 50 - Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities," US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
[12] "40 CFR 190 - Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Nuclear Power Operation," US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
[13] "10 CFR 20 - Standards for Protection Against Radiation," US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
[14] "40 CFR 141 - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations," US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC..
[15] "NUREG-0324 - XOQDOQ, Program for the Meteorological Evaluation of Routine Effluent Releases at Nuclear Power Stations," Nuclear Regulatory Commission, September, 1977.
[16] "NUREG-1301 - Offsite Dose Calculation Manual Guidance: Standard Radiological Effluent Controls for Pressurized Water Reactors," Nuclear Regulatory Commission, April 1991.
[17] "NUREG-1302 - Offsite Dose Calculation Manual Guidance: Standard Radiological Effluent Controls for Boiling Water Reactors," Nuclear Regulatory Commission, April 1991.
[18] "Regulatory Guide 4.13 - Performance, Testing, and Procedural Specifications for Thermoluminescence Dosimetry: Environmental Applications, Revision 2," Nuclear Regulatory Commision, June, 2019.
[19] "Regulatory Guide 4.15 - Quality Assurance for Radiological Monitoring Programs (Inception through Normal Operations to License Termination) -- Effluent Streams and the Environment,"
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, July, 2007.
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 22 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Attachment 1, ARERR Release Summary Tables (RG-1.21 Tables)
GASEOUS EFFLUENTS Table 4, Gaseous Effluents Summation of All Releases Site 1 A.
Fission & Activation Gases Units Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Est. Total Error %
- 1.
Total Release Ci 3.42E-01 2.82E-02 2.23E-02 2.25E-02 1.20E+01
- 2.
Average release rate for the period Ci/sec 4.33E-02 3.57E-03 2.83E-03 2.86E-03 B.
- 1.
Total Iodine - 131 Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 6.50E+00
- 2.
Average release rate for the period Ci/sec 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 C.
Particulates
- 1.
Particulates with half-lives > 8 days Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 1.20E+01
- 2.
Average release rate for the period Ci/sec 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 D.
- 1.
Total Release Ci 1.01E+00 1.10E+00 1.76E+00 1.05E+00 1.32+01
- 2.
Average release rate for the period Ci/sec 1.28E-01 1.39E-01 2.23E-01 1.33E-01 E.
Gross Alpha
- 1.
Total Release Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 2.50E+01
- 2.
Average release rate for the period Ci/sec 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 F.
- 1.
Total Release Ci 4.51E+00 5.25E+00 5.19E+00 5.23E+00
- 2.
Average release rate for the period Ci/sec 5.74E-01 6.68E-01 6.53E-01 6.58E-01 1 % of limit is provided in Table 1, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Dose Summary
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 23 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Table 5, Gaseous Effluents - Ground Level Release Batch Mode Site Radionuclide Released Units Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Total for year Fission Gases Ar-41 Ci 2.51E-02 2.82E-02 2.23E-02 2.25E-02 9.81E-02 Xe-133 Ci 3.09E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.09E-01 Total for Period Ci 3.34E-01 2.82E-02 2.23E-02 2.25E-02 4.07E-01 Iodines Ci No Nuclides Detected N/A N/A N/A N/A Total for Period Ci 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Particulates Ci No Nuclides Detected N/A N/A N/A N/A Total for Period Ci 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Tritium H-3 Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 0.00E+00 Gross Alpha Alpha Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 0.00E+00 Carbon-14 C-14 Ci 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 24 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Table 6, Gaseous Effluents - Ground Level Release Continuous Mode Site Radionuclide Released Units Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Total for year Fission Gases Xe-133 Ci 7.63E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.63E-03 Total for Period Ci 7.63E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.63E-03 Iodines Ci No Nuclides Detected N/A N/A N/A N/A Total for Period Ci 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Particulates Ci No Nuclides Detected N/A N/A N/A N/A Total for Period Ci 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Tritium H-3 Ci 1.01E+00 1.10E+00 1.76E+00 1.05E+00 4.92E+00 Gross Alpha Alpha Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 0.00E+00 Carbon-14 C-14 Ci 4.51E+00 5.25E+00 5.19E+00 5.23E+00 2.03E+01
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 25 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant LIQUID EFFLUENTS Table 7, Liquid Effluents - Summation of All Releases Site 1 A.
Fission & Activation Products Units Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Est. Total Error %
- 1.
Total Release Ci 3.49E-03 2.37E-04 1.52E-03 3.23E-03 1.03E+1
- 2.
Average diluted concentration Ci/mL 9.86E-13 6.67E-14 4.46E-13 8.80E-13 B.
- 1.
Total Release Ci 2.85E+02 1.24E+02 3.05E+02 2.50E+02 1.03E+1
- 2.
Average diluted concentration Ci/mL 8.05E-08 3.47E-08 8.92E-08 6.80E-08 C.
Dissolved & Entrained Gases
- 1.
Total Release Ci 7.08E-05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.03E+1
- 2.
Average diluted concentration Ci/mL 2.00E-14 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 D.
Gross Alpha Activity
- 1.
Total Release Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD E.
Volume of Waste Released (prior to dilution)
Liters 1.27E+08 1.19E+08 1.42E+08 1.36E+08 F.
Volume of Dilution Water Used During Period Liters 3.54E+12 3.56E+12 3.41E+12 3.67E+12 1 % of limit is provided in Table 1, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Dose Summary
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 26 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Table 8, Batch Mode Liquid Effluents Site Radionuclide Released Units Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Total for year Fission and Activation Products Co-60 Ci 1.41E-03 0.00E+00 9.19E-05 8.37E-05 1.59E-03 CR-51 Ci 1.50E-04
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 1.50E-04 Zr-95 Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 1.07E-04 1.07E-04 Cs-137 Ci 1.03E-03 1.66E-04 1.43E-03 1.68E-03 4.31E-03 Fe-55 Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 8.08E-04 8.08E-04 Nb-95 Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 1.52E-04 1.52E-04 Co-58 Ci 9.09E-04 7.16E-05
<LLD
<LLD 9.81E-04 Ni-63 Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 4.04E-04 4.04E-04 Total for Period Ci 3.49E-03 2.37E-04 1.52E-03 3.23E-03 8.48E-03 Tritium H-3 Ci 2.85E+02 1.23E+02 3.04E+02 2.50E+02 9.62E+02 Gross Alpha Alpha Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 0
Entrained Gases Xe-133 Ci 7.08E-05
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 7.08E-05 Total for Period Ci 7.08E-05 0
0 0
7.08E-05
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 27 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Table 9, Continuous Mode Liquid Effluents Site Radionuclide Released Units Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Total for year Fission and Activation Products Ci None Detected N/A N/A N/A N/A Total for Period Ci 0
0 0
0 0
Tritium H-3 Ci 5.45E-02 1.20E-01 3.47E-01 2.10E-01 7.32E-01 Gross Alpha Alpha Ci
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD 0
Entrained Gases Ci None Detected N/A N/A N/A N/A Total for Period Ci 0
0 0
0 0
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 28 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant
, Solid Waste Information SOLID WASTE SHIPPED OFFSITE FOR BURIAL OR DISPOSAL (NOT IRRADIATED FUEL)
Table 10, Types of Solid Waste Summary Site Types of Waste Total Volume Curies
- a. Spent resins, filter sludges, evaporator bottoms, etc.
Class ft³ m³ Curies Shipped A
4.96E+02 1.41E+01 4.76E+01 B
2.83E+02 8.01E+00 6.92E+01 C
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Unclassified 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 All 7.79E+02 2.21E+01 1.17E+02 Major Nuclides for the Above Table:
H-3, C-14, Cr-51, Mn-54, Fe-55, Co-58, Co-60, Ni-59, Ni-63, Sr-90, Zr-95, Nb-95, Tc-99, Sb-125, I-129, Cs-134, Cs-137, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-241, Am-241, Cm-242, Cm-243, Cm-244
- b. Dry compressible waste, contaminated equip, etc.
Class ft³ m³ Curies Shipped A
2.30E+03 6.52E+01 4.19E-02 B
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 C
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Unclassified 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 All 2.30E+03 6.52E+01 4.19E-02
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 29 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Major Nuclides for the Above Table:
H-3, Be-7, C-14, Cr-51, Mn-54, Fe-55, Co-58, Co-60, Ni-63, Sr-90, Zr-95, Nb-95, Tc-99, Sn-125, I-129, Cs-137, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-241, Am-241, Cm-242, Cm-243
- c. Irradiated components, control rods, etc.
- d. Other (metal for recycling)
Class ft³ m³ Curies Shipped A
5.30E+02 1.50E+01 9.13E-03 B
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 C
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Unclassified 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 All 5.30E+02 1.50E+01 9.13E-03 Major Nuclides for the Above Table:
H-3, C-14, Cr-51, Mn-54, Fe-55, Co-58, Co-60, Ni-63, Sr-90, Zr-95, Nb-95, Tc-99, I-129, Cs-137, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-241, Am-241, Cm-242, Cm-243 Total Combined Class ft³ m³ Curies Shipped A
3.33E+03 9.43E+01 4.77E+01 B
2.83E+02 8.01E+00 6.92E+01 C
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Unclassified 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 All 3.61E+03 1.02E+02 1.17E+02 Major Nuclides for the Above Table:
H-3, Be-7, C-14, Cr-51, Mn-54, Fe-55, Co-58, Co-60, Ni-59, Ni-63, Sr-90, Zr-95, Nb-95, Tc-99, Sn-125, Sb-125, I-129, Cs-134, Cs-137, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-241, Am-241, Cm-242, Cm-243, Cm-244
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 30 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant ESTIMATE OF MAJOR NUCLIDE COMPOSITION (BY WASTE TYPE) ONLY >1%
ARE REPORTED. [NOTE 1]
Table 11, Major Nuclides Site Major Nuclide Composition (> 1.0%)
Curies
- a. Spent resins, filter sludges, evaporator bottoms, etc.
Waste Class A Nuclide Name Abundance Activity Cr-51 1.05%
5.00E-01 Fe-55 66.20%
3.15E+01 Co-58 6.01%
2.86E+00 Co-60 9.67%
4.61E+00 Ni-63 2.40%
1.14E+00 Zr-95 1.37%
6.54E-01 Nb-95 2.59%
1.23E+00 Cs-137 8.83%
4.21E+00 Waste Class B Nuclide Name Abundance Activity Mn-54 1.02%
7.05E-01 Fe-55 2.72%
1.88E+00 Co-58 3.82%
2.64E+00 Co-60 19.04%
1.32E+01 Ni-63 32.96%
2.28E+01 Cs-134 1.06%
7.33E-01 Cs-137 37.97%
2.63E+01 Total Combined Nuclide Name Abundance Activity Fe-55 28.62%
3.34E+01 Co-58 4.71%
5.50E+00 Co-60 15.22%
1.78E+01 Ni-63 20.50%
2.39E+01 Nb-95 1.06%
1.24E+00 Cs-137 26.08%
3.05E+01 Total 1.12E+02
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 31 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Table 11, Major Nuclides Site
- b. Dry compressible waste, contaminated equip, etc.
Waste Class A Nuclide Name Abundance Activity Cr-51 2.81%
1.18E-03 Fe-55 73.98%
3.10E-02 Co-58 8.12%
3.40E-03 Co-60 8.10%
3.39E-03 Ni-63 1.56%
6.54E-04 Zr-95 1.29%
5.41E-04 Nb-95 2.16%
9.03E-04 Total 4.11E-02
- c. Irradiated components, control rods, etc.
None
- d. Other (metal sent for reprocessing)
Waste Class A Nuclide Name Abundance Activity H-3 12.48%
1.14E-03 Fe-55 41.80%
3.81E-03 Co-58 2.99%
2.73E-04 Co-60 7.63%
6.96E-04 Ni-63 29.97%
2.73E-03 Cs-137 2.07%
1.88E-04 Total 8.84E-03 Sum of All 4 Categories Waste Class A Nuclide Name Abundance Activity Cr-51 1.05%
5.01E-01 Fe-55 66.20%
3.16E+01 Co-58 6.01%
2.87E+00 Co-60 9.67%
4.61E+00 Ni-63 2.40%
1.15E+00 Zr-95 1.37%
6.54E-01 Nb-95 2.59%
1.24E+00 Cs-137 8.82%
4.21E+00
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 32 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Table 11, Major Nuclides Site Waste Class B Nuclide Name Abundance Activity Mn-54 1.02%
7.05E-01 Fe-55 2.72%
1.88E+00 Co-58 3.82%
2.64E+00 Co-60 19.04%
1.32E+01 Ni-63 32.96%
2.28E+01 Cs-134 1.06%
7.33E-01 Cs-137 37.97%
2.63E+01 Total Combined Nuclide Name Abundance Activity Fe-55 28.63%
3.35E+01 Co-58 4.71%
5.51E+00 Co-60 15.22%
1.78E+01 Ni-63 20.49%
2.39E+01 Nb-95 1.06%
1.24E+00 Cs-137 26.07%
3.05E+01 Total curies shipped 1.12E+02
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 33 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant SOLID WASTE DISPOSITION Table 12, Solid Waste Disposition Site Number of Shipments Mode of Transportation Destination 4
Hittman Energy Solutions Bear Creek 1560 Bear Creek Rd 1
Hittman Energy Solutions Services, Inc. Memphis 1790 Dock Street 2
Hittman Energy Solutions LLC.
Clive Disposal Site - Containerized Waste Facility 1
Hittman Erwin Resin Solutions, LLC 151 T.C. Runion Road 2
Hittman Waste Control Specialists LLC Compact Waste Disposal Facility 1
Landstar Ranger Energy Solutions Bear Creek 1560 Bear Creek Rd 11 Total IRRADIATED FUEL DISPOSITION Table 13, Irradiated Fuel Shipments Disposition Site There were no irradiated Fuel shipments from the Site in 2024
Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report YEAR: 2024 Page 34 of 34 Company: Constellation Energy Plant: Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant
, Meteorological Data METEOROLOGICAL DATA
SUMMARY
1.1 Joint Frequency Distributions
- 1.
Period of Record: 2024
- 2.
Stability Class: All Sensor Elevation Period of Calm (hours)
Missing Data (hours) 10 m 99 41 60 m 6
41 1.2 Stability class Table 14, Classification of Atmospheric Stability Stability Condition Pasquill Categories Percentage 10m Percentage 60m Extremely Unstable A
7.76%
7.68%
Moderately Stable B
4.34%
4.29%
Slightly Unstable C
6.26%
6.19%
Neutral D
35.10%
34.75%
Slightly Stable E
31.09%
30.90%
Moderately Stable F
9.07%
9.27%
Extremely Stable G
6.39%
6.91%