ML25135A008

2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report

ML25135A008
Person / Time
Site:	Kewaunee
Issue date:	05/15/2025
From:	Jeffery Lynch Kewaunee Solutions
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Document Control Desk
References
KS-2025-008
Download: ML25135A008 (1)

Text

May 15, 2025 KS-2025-008 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ATTN: Document Control Desk Washington, DC 20555-0001 Kewaunee Solutions, Inc.

Facility Operating License No. DPR-43 NRC Docket No. 50-305

Subject:

Kewaunee Power Station 2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Enclosed is the Kewaunee Power Station (KPS) 2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for January through December 2024. This report was prepared by Microbac Laboratories-Northbrook and is submitted to meet the requirements of KPS Technical Requirements Manual (TRM) Section 10.3.

The results of the 2024 Land Use Census, submitted in accordance with the KPS Radiological Environmental Monitoring Manual, Section 2.2.2/2.3.2, are also included in this report.

If you have any questions or require additional information, please feel free to contact myself at 508-728-1421.

Respectfully, Joseph R. Lynch Licensing Manager Kewaunee Solutions, Inc.

Commitments made in this letter: None

Attachment:

1.

Kewaunee Power Station 2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Joseph R. Lynch Digitally signed by Joseph R. Lynch Date: 2025.05.14 13:24:03 -04'00'

KS-2024-008 Page 2 of 3 Kewaunee Power Station, N490 Highway 42, Kewaunee, WI 54216 cc:

Regional Administrator, Region III U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Ms. Amy Snyder, Project Manager U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Mr. Robert Busch, Wisconsin Department of Health Services Radiation Protection Section Radioactive Materials Program Mr. Justin Folkwein, American Nuclear Insurers

KS-2023-008 Page 3 of 3 Kewaunee Power Station, N490 Highway 42, Kewaunee, WI 54216 ATTACHMENT 1 Kewaunee Power Station 2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report.

(109 Pages Follow)

2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Kewaunee Power Station

2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Kewaunee Power Station Part I Summary and Interpretation

@MICROBAC 700 Landwehr Road* Northbrook, IL 60062-2310 phone (847) 564-0700

• fax (847) 564-4517 Approved:

ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT TO KEWAUNEE SOLUTIONS RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE KEWAUNEE POWER STATION KEWAUNEE, WISCONSIN PART I-

SUMMARY

AND INTERPRETATION January 1 to December 31, 2024 Prepared and submitted by:

Microbac Laboratories - Northbrook Project No. 8002 Ashok D. Banavali, Ph.D.

Laboratory Director Microbac Laboratories - Northbrook Daniel J. Shannon Radiation Protection Technical Manager Kewaunee Power Station Daniel Shannon Digitally signed by Daniel Shannon Date: 2025.05.01 11:07:19 -05'00'

ii PREFACE The staff of Microbac Laboratories - Northbrook were responsible for the presentation of data in this report. Assistance in sample collection was provided by Kewaunee Power Station personnel.

The report was prepared by staff members of Microbac Laboratories - Northbrook. Teledyne Brown Engineering, Inc. is responsible for the radiochemical analyses. Mirion Dosimetry Services is responsible for the Thermolumnescent Dosimetry.

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface......................................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables................................................................................................................................................ iv

1.0 INTRODUCTION

.......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0

SUMMARY

........................................................................................................................................................... 2 3.0 RADIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM........................................................................................... 3 3.1 Methodology.................................................................................................................................. 3 3.1.1 The Air Program.............................................................................................................. 3 3.1.2 The Terrestrial Program.................................................................................................. 4 3.1.3 The Aquatic Program...................................................................................................... 5 3.1.4 Program Execution.......................................................................................................... 6 3.1.5 Program Modifications..................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Results and Discussion................................................................................................................. 6 3.2.1 Atmospheric Nuclear Detonations and Nuclear Accidents.............................................. 6 3.2.2 The Air Environment........................................................................................................ 6 3.2.3 The Terrestrial Environment.......................................................................................... 10 3.2.4 The Aquatic Environment.............................................................................................. 11 3.3 Land Use Census........................................................................................................................ 12 3.4 Laboratory Procedures................................................................................................................ 12 4.0 FIGURES AND TABLES............................................................................................................................ 13

5.0 REFERENCES

.......................................................................................................................................... 25 APPENDICES A

TBE-ES Interlaboratory Comparison Program Results..............................................................A-1 B

Data Reporting Conventions......................................................................................................B-1 C

Effluent Concentrations............................................................................................................. C-1

iv LIST OF FIGURES No.

Caption Page 4-1 Sampling locations, Kewaunee Power Station............................................................................. 14 4-2 Groundwater Monitoring Wells, Kewaunee Power Station........................................................... 15 LIST OF TABLES No.

Title Page 4.1 Sampling locations, Kewaunee Power Station..............................................................................16 4.2 Type and frequency of collection................................................................................................. 17 4.3 Sample codes used in Table 4.2................................................................................................. 17 4.4 Sampling summary, January - December, 2024......................................................................... 18 4.5 Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program Summary......................................................... 19 4.6 Land Use Census........................................................................................................................ 24

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Kewaunee Power Station was a 598 megawatt pressurized water reactor located on the Wisconsin shore of Lake Michigan in Kewaunee County. The Plant became critical on March 7, 1974. Initial power generation was achieved on April 8, 1974, and the Plant was declared commercial on June 16, 1974.

Power operations of the Kewaunee Power Station ceased on May 7, 2013. The fuel was permanently removed from the reactor and placed in the spent fuel pool for storage on May 14, 2013. On June 15, 2017, the transfer of all spent fuel from the KPS Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) to the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI) was completed. All remaining irradiated materials were removed from the SFP in October of 2017.

On June 28, 2022, Dominion Energy Kewaunee (DEK) was sold to Energy Solutions and assumed the new company name of Kewaunee Solutions. The sale included the Kewaunee Power Station and ISFSI, and the transfer of the operating license DPR-43. Kewaunee Solutions transitioned from the SAFSTOR to the DECON method of decommissioning of the power station on May 22, 2023.

This report summarizes the environmental operation data collected during the period January - December 2024.

Energy Solutions, operator, and owner of the Kewaunee Power Station, assumes responsibility for the environmental program at the Plant. Any questions should be directed to Mr. Daniel J. Shannon, Radiological Protection Technical Manager, at (920) 304-1129.

2 2.0

SUMMARY

Results of sample analyses during the period January - December 2024 are summarized in Table 4.5. Radionuclide concentrations measured at indicator locations are compared with levels measured at control locations and in preoperational studies. In no instance were REMP threshold reporting levels exceeded.

3 3.0 RADIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM Following is a description of the Radiological Surveillance Program and its execution.

3.1 METHODOLOGY The sampling locations are shown in Figure 4-1. Table 4.1 describes the locations, lists for each direction and distance from the reactor stack, and defines which are the indicator and control locations.

The sampling program monitors the air, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. The types of samples collected at each location and the frequency of collections are presented in Table 4.2, using sample codes defined in Table 4.3. The collections and analyses that comprise the program are described below.

Finally, the execution of the program in the current reporting year is discussed.

3.1.1 The Air Program Ambient Gamma Radiation - TLDs Ambient gamma radiation is monitored at the one control location (K-2), at four inner ring locations (K1f, K-25, K-27 and K-30), and at six outer ring locations (K-3, K-5, K-8, K-17, K-39 and K-43) by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Two TLDs are placed at each location; one TLD is exchanged and read quarterly; the other TLD is exchanged annually and only read on an emergency basis.

Dosimeters have also been placed at four additional locations (K-1m, K-1o, K-1q and K-1r), to monitor the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI) as part of the inner ring locations. They are exchanged and read quarterly.

Airborne Particulates Airborne particulates are collected on 47 mm diameter filters, at a volumetric rate of approx. one cubic foot per minute. The filters are collected weekly from four locations (K-1f, K-2(control), K-8 and K-43), and dispatched by mail to the vendor lab for radiometric analysis. The particulate filters are counted for gross beta activity, a minimum of three days after collection, to allow for the decay of naturally-occurring short-lived radionuclides.

Quarterly composites from each sampling location are analyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes by gamma spectroscopy.

Airborne Iodine Airborne iodine analysis was discontinued beginning in 2018 due to the cessation of power operations (see Introduction on page 1).

Precipitation The collection and analysis of precipitation samples was discontinued beginning in 2018 due to the cessation of power operations (see Introduction on page 1).

4 3.1.2 The Terrestrial Program Milk The collection and analysis of milk samples was discontinued beginning in 2018 due to the cessation of power operations (see Introduction on page 1).

Well Water Well water is collected quarterly from one off-site well location K-13 and from three on-site wells located at K-1h, K-1u and K-1v. Samples are only collected at locations K-1u and K-1v when these sources are tapped for drinking or irrigation purposes in areas where the hydraulic gradient or recharge properties are suitable for contamination.

Gamma spectroscopic analysis, tritium and gross beta on the total residue are performed for each water sample. Samples of water from the three on-site wells (K-1h, K-1u and K-1v) are analyzed for gross alpha. The water sample from K-1h is also tested for strontium-90.

Monitoring wells and results associated with the Ground Water Protection Program (GWPP) are reported in the KPS Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report (ARERR). The groundwater monitoring well locations associated with the GWPP are included in Figure 4-2 along with the onsite well water sampling locations associated with the REMP.

Domestic Meat The collection and analysis of domestic meat was discontinued in 2018 due to the cessation of power operations (see Introduction on page 1).

Eggs The collection and analysis of eggs was discontinued in 2018 due to the cessation of power operations (see Introduction on page 1).

Broad leaf Vegetation Annually, during the third quarter, samples of broad leaf vegetation are collected from location K-26. Samples may also be obtained from other local sources to supplement the program. In addition, two samples of broad leaf vegetation are collected annually from farmland owned by Kewaunee Solutions (K-23a and K-23b) and rented to a private individual for growing crops. The samples are analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes.

Cattle Feed Cattle feed (e.g., hay and silage) is collected during the first quarter from dairy farm locations (K-3, K-34, K-35, K-38 and K-45). The samples are analyzed for gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma emitting isotopes.

Grass Grass is collected during the second, third and fourth quarters from two on-site locations (K-1b and K-1f) and from the dairy farm locations (K-3, K-5, K-34, K-35, K-38 and K-39). The samples are analyzed for gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma emitting isotopes.

Soil Soil samples are collected twice a year on-site at K-1f and from the dairy farm locations (K-3, K-34, K-35 and K-38). The samples are analyzed for gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma emitting isotopes.

5 3.1.3 The Aquatic Program Surface Water Surface water samples are taken quarterly from two locations on Lake Michigan: 1) at the point where plant effluent water is discharged into Lake Michigan (K-1d); and 2) at the main pumping station located approximately equidistant from Kewaunee and Green Bay, which pumps water from the Rostok water intake (K-9) located 11.5 miles NNE of the reactor site. Both raw and tap water are collected at K-9. One-gallon water samples are taken quarterly from two creeks that pass through the site (K-1b and K-1e). Samples from the Middle Creek (K-1b) are collected near the mouth of the creek. Samples from the South Creek (K-1e) are collected about ten feet downstream from the point where the outflow from the two drain pipes meets.

The water is analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes, gross beta activity in total residue, dissolved and suspended solids, tritium and strontium-90.

Fish Fish samples are collected during the third quarter near location K-1d. The flesh is separated from the bones, gamma scanned and analyzed for gross beta activity. Bone samples are analyzed for gross beta, and strontium-90. A local fish market, (e.g.,Lafonds in Kewaunee), may be used for backup fish samples, if needed.

Aquatic Slime The collection and analysis of aquatic slime was discontinued in 2018 due to the cessation of power operations (see Introduction on page 1).

Shoreline Sediment Shoreline sediments are collected in May and November from three locations (K-1c, K-1j and K-9) in areas with potential for recreational value. The samples are analyzed for gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma emitting isotopes.

6 3.1.4 Program Execution Program execution is summarized in Table 4.4. The program was executed for the year 2024 as described in the preceding sections, with the following exceptions:

Air Particulates Air sampler was found off at location K-43 due to open power supply breaker. Sampler run time was 146 hours0.00169 days <br />0.0406 hours <br />2.414021e-4 weeks <br />5.5553e-5 months <br /> vs. expected 147 hours0.0017 days <br />0.0408 hours <br />2.430556e-4 weeks <br />5.59335e-5 months <br /> for the period ending 1/30/24 (CR#2700).

Air sampler was found with reduced run time at location K-8 due to temporary loss of power caused by severe weather. Sampler run time was 39 hours4.513889e-4 days <br />0.0108 hours <br />6.448413e-5 weeks <br />1.48395e-5 months <br /> less than expected for the period ending 4/9/24 (CR#2024-0304).

Air sampler was found off at location K-8 due to loss of power caused by tripped open GFCI.

Sampler run time was 8.29 hours3.356481e-4 days <br />0.00806 hours <br />4.794974e-5 weeks <br />1.10345e-5 months <br /> for the period ending 5/14/24 (CR#2024-0406).

Air sampler was found off at location K-2 due to temporary loss of power caused by severe weather. Sampler run time was approximately 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> less than expected for the period ending 8/27/24 (CR#2024-0782).

The weekly air samples collected at all four locations (K-1 f, K-43, K-8, K-2) for the period ending 10/1/24 were lost in transit by US Mail to the offsite analysis lab (CR#2024-1138).

3.1.5 Program Modifications None.

3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results for the reporting period January to December, 2024 are presented in summary form in Table 4.5. For each type of analysis, of each sampled medium, the table shows the annual mean and range for all indicator and control locations. The location with the highest annual mean and the results for this location are also given.

The discussion of the results has been divided into three broad categories: the air, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. Within each category, samples will be discussed in the order listed in Table 4.4.

Results of all measurements made in 2024 are not included in this section, although references to these results will be made in the discussion. A complete tabulation of results is provided in Part II of the 2024 annual report on the Radiological Monitoring Program for the Kewaunee Power Station.

3.2.1 Atmospheric Nuclear Detonations and Nuclear Accidents There were no atmospheric nuclear tests or accidents reported in 2024. The Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accidents occurred on April 26, 1986 and March 11, 2011, respectively. The last reported atmospheric nuclear test was conducted by the Peoples Republic of China on October 16, 1980. Contributions from these events have resulted in the presence of long-lived radioisotopes of cesium and strontium still detectable in the environment.

3.2.2 The Air Environment Ambient Gamma Radiation - TLDs Ambient gamma radiation was monitored by TLDs at eleven locations, ten indicators (K-1f, K-3, K-5, K-8, K-17, K-25, K-27, K-30, K-39 and K-43) and one control (K-2). TLDs at the indicator locations measured a mean dose equivalent of 13.7 mR/91 days, in close agreement with the control location 13.9 mR/91 days. The readings are slightly lower than the averages obtained from 2002 (and prior to) through 2022 due to the change to a new Environmental TLD vendor and

7 the accounting for transit and control dose.

These results support the conclusion that no plant effect on ambient gamma radiation was indicated. These values are comparable to the United States average value of 19.5 mR/91 days due to natural background radiation (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1975). The highest annual mean was 15.2 mR/91 days, measured at indicator location K-39.

Year Average (Indicators)

Average (Controls)

Dose rate (mR/91 days) 2008 15.6 14.2 2009 15.2 13.9 2010 15.2 14.3 2011 15.0 14.5 2012 16.1 15.3 2013 16.2 16.5 2014 15.0 14.8 2015 16.2 16.11 2016 16.1 15.9 2017 16.1 15.4 2018 16.4 17.1 2019 15.8 16.6 2020 16.4 16.7 2021 16.4 16.5 2022 17.1 16.6 2023 14.9 14.8 2024 13.7 13.9

8 Using ANSI/HPS N13.37-2014 as guidance, a determination of facility related dose was performed using quarterly TLD data from control and indicator locations from 2014 through 2023. A Quarterly Baseline Background Dose (BQ) was computed for each TLD location. Then a Quarterly Minimum Differential Dose (MDDQ) was calculated as 3 times the 90th percentile of the standard deviations of the historical quarterly results. The result of this calculation was 5.2 mrem. Due to changing TLD vendors starting in January 2023, transit and storage doses needed to be considered and the quarterly results reported by the vendor were corrected for the extraneous dose.

2024 results at all locations, both indicator and control, were lower than the sum of the Baseline Background Dose (BQ) and the Quarterly Minimum Differential Dose (MDDQ) which according to ANSI/HPS 13.37-2014 indicates no detection (ND) and which supports the conclusion that there is no plant effect.

Monitoring Location Quarterly Baseline BQ(mrem)

Normalized Quarterly Monitoring Data MQ (mrem per standard quarter)

Quarterly Facility Dose FQ = MQ - [BQ+MDDQ](mrem) 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Indicators K-1f 14.5 12.9 14.0 10.8 8.9 ND ND ND ND K-3 16.7 13.2 14.7 15.1 10.1 ND ND ND ND K-5 15.6 14.0 13.7 18.1 10.1 ND ND ND ND K-8 16.0 14.2 13.7 14.5 10.4 ND ND ND ND K-17 17.0 15.8 16.0 16.1 10.4 ND ND ND ND K-25 17.9 15.3 16.0 17.8 11.0 ND ND ND ND K-27 16.4 16.0 16.7 15.1 9.8 ND ND ND ND K-30 15.7 13.4 13.3 15.1 9.8 ND ND ND ND K-39 16.9 15.2 15.0 17.8 12.8 ND ND ND ND K-43 14.6 13.5 13.3 15.1 9.2 ND ND ND ND Control K-2 16.6 14.5 15.0 15.8 10.4 ND ND ND ND Table assumes 1 roentgen = 1 rem.

9 Airborne Particulates The annual gross beta concentration in air particulates averaged 0.019 pCi/m3 at the indicator locations and 0.020 pCi/m3 at the control location, similar to the means observed from 2002 (and prior to) through 2023. There is no indication of a plant effect, the average readings were evenly distributed between indicator and control locations. Results are tabulated below.

Year Average (Indicators)

Average (Controls)

Concentration (pCi/m3) 2002 0.023 0.023 2003 0.022 0.022 2004 0.019 0.020 2005 0.023 0.023 2006 0.021 0.021 2007 0.022 0.021 2008 0.022 0.022 2009 0.023 0.023 2010 0.023 0.022 2011 0.029 0.029 2012 0.029 0.030 2013 0.024 0.025 2014 0.019 0.019 2015 0.022 0.022 2016 0.021 0.020 2017 0.021 0.021 2018 0.023 0.024 2019 0.021 0.019 2020 0.023 0.023 2021 0.025 0.023 2022 0.025 0.023 2023 0.020 0.020 2024 0.019 0.020 Average annual gross beta concentrations in airborne particulates.

Variation in the gross beta activity throughout the year is not unusual. Typically, higher beta averages occur during the months of January and December, and the first and fourth quarters, as noted in data from 2002 through 2023.

Gamma spectroscopic analysis of quarterly composites of air particulate filters yielded similar results for indicator and control locations. Beryllium-7, produced continuously in the upper atmosphere by cosmic radiation, was detected in all samples, with an average activity of 0.172 pCi/m3 at the indicator locations and an average of 0.155 pCi/m3 at the control location. All other gamma-emitting isotopes were below their respective MDC levels.

10 3.2.3 The Terrestrial Environment Well Water One of twelve indicator samples tested positive for gross alpha at a reading of 2.5 pCi/L. Detectable gross beta activity was measured in eight of twelve indicator samples at average level of 3.7 pCi/L.

None of the four control samples tested were positive for gross beta. Potassium-40, as measured by gamma spectroscopy, was not detected in any of the 16 samples tested. The positive gross beta is likely due to the presence of potassium-40 at a level below what gamma spectroscopy is able to detect.

Past analysis for potassium by mass spectrometry has confirmed the presence of potassium in water samples obtained from these wells and potassium-40 is present in all naturally occurring potassium in the environment. Therefore, positive results can be attributed to agricultural runoff. The gross alpha activities are most likely contributions from naturally-occurring daughters of radium and thorium when detected in the well water.

No strontium-90 was detected in any of the four samples tested. All concentrations measured below an MDC value 3.4 pCi/L.

Sixteen well water samples were tested for tritium and gamma emitting isotopes. All tritium concentrations measured below a detection level of 199 pCi/L. Gamma-emitting isotopes measured below respective MDC levels.

Broad Leaf Vegetation Three samples of broad leaf vegetation were analyzed for gamma emitters. Only naturally occurring potassium-40 and beryllium-7 were detected.

Cattle Feed In the ten cattle feed samples analyzed in 2024 the gross beta average concentrations of 7.87 pCi/g wet indicator and 7.74 pCi/g wet control were detected which agrees well with the potassium-40 average concentration results of 7.55 pCi/g wet indicator and 6.77 pCi/g wet control. Strontium-90 was detected in two of the six indicator samples at an average level of 0.014 pCi/g wet and at all four of the control samples at an average level 0.015 pCi/g wet. Trace levels of strontium-90 in the environment can be attributed to nuclear testing and accidents. These results are also comparable to historical results for analysis of cattle feed. No plant effect is indicated.

Grass Eighteen grass samples were collected in June, August and October at six indicator locations and two control locations for a total of twenty-four samples for the year. The samples were analyzed for gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma emitting isotopes. Analysis results show very good agreement between the gross beta results and the potassium-40 results. Naturally occurring beryllium-7 was also detected in a majority of the samples. Strontium-90 was detected in three of the eighteen samples tested in 2024 at an average level of 0.009 pCi/g wet. Trace levels of strontium-90 in the environment can be attributed to nuclear testing and accidents.

With the exception of the naturally-occurring beryllium and potassium, all gamma-emitting isotopes were below MDC levels. These results are comparable to historical results for analysis of grass. No plant effect is indicated.

Soil Gross alpha was detected in three indicator samples collected in May of 2024 at an average concentration of 3.74 pCi/g dry and was also detected in two control samples collected in May of 2024 at an average concentration of 5.29 pCi/g dry. Mean gross beta levels measured at indicator and control locations averaged 29.7 and 28.7 pCi/g dry, respectively, primarily due to potassium-40 activity.

Strontium-90 was not detected in any of the soil samples tested in 2024.

11 Cesium-137 was detected in one of the indicator location samples tested at a concentration of 0.07 pCi/g dry and one of the control location samples at a concentration of 0.11 pCi/g dry. Trace levels of Cs-137 in the environment can be attributed to nuclear testing and accidents. Potassium-40 was detected in all samples and averaged 18.7 and 16.0 pCi/g dry for indicator and control locations, respectively. All other gamma-emitting isotopes were below respective MDC levels. The levels of detected activities are comparable to those observed from 1990 through 2023. The data suggests no evidence of a plant effect.

3.2.4 The Aquatic Environment Surface Water Average gross beta activity in surface water measured slightly higher at the indicator locations (5.4 pCi/L) than at the control locations (2.7 pCi/L). A similar pattern of activity has been observed since 1978. The highest gross beta activity measured in 2024 was sampled from location K-1b at 9.1 pCi/L which is most likely due potassium-40 present in agricultural runoff.

Year Average (Indicators)

(((In(Indicators)

Average (Controls)

Gross Beta (pCi/L) 2002 5.7 2.2 2003 7.3 2.4 2004 6.2 2.3 2005 5.2 1.7 2006 5.5 1.8 2007 5.7 1.8 2008 4.7 1.5 2009 4.7 1.5 2010 4.7 1.4 2011 5.0 1.5 2012 6.1 1.4 2013 5.7 1.5 2014 4.4 1.9 2015 4.2 1.4 2016 5.2 1.6 2017 4.2 1.4 2018 2.8 1.1 2019 3.1 1.2 2020 3.3 0.9 2021 2.2 1.1 2022 5.0 1.6 2023 5.3 2.9 2024 5.4 2.7 Average annual gross beta concentrations in surface water.

These results are comparable with what has been observed in the past.

Tritium was below an MDC of 196 pCi/L in all twenty samples tested in 2024. No Sr-90 was detected above an MDC of 5.5 pCi/L in any of the twenty samples tested in 2024.

Gamma-emitting isotopes measured below their respective MDC levels in all samples tested.

12 Fish In the fish sample, the gross beta concentration was 5.65 pCi/g wet in flesh and 3.58 pCi/g wet in bone fractions. In flesh, the gross beta concentration was primarily due to the potassium-40 concentration of 4.47 pCi/g wet. Sr-90 was not detected in the bone fraction above an MDC of 0.03 pCi/g wet.

Excluding potassium-40, gamma-emitting isotopes measured below their respective MDC levels.

Shoreline Sediments In shoreline sediment samples, the mean gross beta concentrations measured an average 9.59 pCi/g dry at the indicator locations versus an average of 9.95 pCi/g dry at the control location. These results are consistent with the average levels of potassium-40 measured in these samples (6.15 pCi/g dry and 8.14 pCi/g dry respectively).

Other gamma-emitting isotopes, with the exception of naturally-occurring potassium-40, were below their respective MDC levels.

Strontium-90 was measured below an MDC of 0.066 pCi/g dry for all locations.

These results support the conclusion that there is no plant effect.

3.3 LAND USE CENSUS The Land Use Census satisfies the requirements of the KPS Radiological Environmental Monitoring Manual. Section 2.2.2 states:

"A land use census shall be conducted and shall identify within a distance of 8 km (5 mi.) the location, in each of the 10 meteorological sectors, of the nearest residence and the nearest garden of greater than 50m2 (500 ft2) producing broad leaf vegetation." (Figure 4-1)

The 2024 Land Use Census was completed late on January 28 and 29, 2025 due to the unexpected/unplanned retirement of the individual assigned to complete the census in 2024. The census is typically performed annually during the growing season per Radiation Protection Procedure RP-KW-001-014 (CR# 2025-0184).

No discernable changes were observed during the course of the Land Use Census. A summary of the Land Use Census is shown in table 4.6.

3.4 LABORATORY PROCEDURES Analytical procedures and the quality assurance manual used by Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Service (TBE-ES) Laboratory are available for inspection, and the QA Program includes participation in Interlaboratory Comparison Programs. Results obtained for the TBE-ES Laboratory are presented in Appendix A.

13 4.0 FIGURES AND TABLES

14 Figure 4-1. Sampling locations, Kewaunee Power Station.

15 Figure 4-2. Groundwater Monitoring Wells, Kewaunee Power Station.

16 Table 4.1. Sampling locations, Kewaunee Power Station.

Distance (miles)b Code Type a and Sector Location K-1 I

Onsite K-1b I

0.12 N Middle Creek K-1c I

0.10 N 500' north of condenser discharge K-1d I

0.10 E Condenser discharge K-1e I

0.12 S South Creek K-1f I

0.12 S Maintenance Waste Oil and Material Storage Building K-1h I

0.12 NW North Well K-1j I

0.10 S 500' south of condenser discharge K-1m I

0.15 N ISFSI East K-1o I

0.16 N ISFSI North K-1q I

0.16 N ISFSI West K-1r I

0.13 N ISFSI West K-1u I

0.05 SSW Maintenance Building K-1v I

0.06 W South Well K-2 C

8.91 NNE WPS Operations Building in Kewaunee K-3c I/C 5.9 N Lyle and John Siegmund Farm, N2815 Hwy 42, Kewaunee K-5 I

3.2 NNW Ed Paplham Farm, E4160 Old Settlers Rd, Kewaunee K-8 I

4.85 WSW St. Isadore the Farmer Church, 18424 Tisch Mills Rd, Tisch Mills K-9 C

11.5 NNE Green Bay Municipal Pumping Station, six miles east of Green Bay (sample source is Lake Michigan from Rostok Intake two miles north of Kewaunee.

K-13 C

3.0 SSW Rand's General Store, Two Creeks K-17 I

4.0 W Klimeshs' Farm, N885 Tk B, Kewaunee K-23a I

0.5 W 0.5 miles west of plant, Kewaunee site K-23b I

0.6 N 0.6 miles north of plant, Kewaunee site K-25 I

1.9 SW Wotachek Farm, 3968 E. Cty Tk BB, Two Rivers K-26 C

9.1 SSW Wilfert Farms Vegetable Stand (9.1 miles south of "BB")

K-27 I

1.53 NW Schleis Farm, E4298 Sandy Bay Rd, Kewaunee K-30 I

0.8 N End of site boundary K-34 I

2.7 N Leon and Vicky Struck, N1549 Lakeshore Dr., Kewaunee K-35 C

6.71 WNW Duane Ducat, N1215 Sleepy Hollow Rd., Kewaunee K-38 I

2.45 WNW Dave Sinkula Farm, N890 Town Hall Road, Kewaunee K-39 I

3.46 N Francis Wojta, N1859 Lakeshore Dr., Kewaunee K-43 I

2.71 SSW Gary Maigatter Property, 17333 Hwy 42, Two Rivers K-45 I

5.1 N Wakkers Dairy, N2348 Highway 42, Kewaunee a I = indicator; C = control b Distances are measured from reactor stack.

c Location K-3 is an indicator for ambient radiation and a control for soil, cattle feed, and grass.

17 Table 4.2. Type and frequency of collection.

Location Weekly Quarterly Semiannually Annually K-1b SW GR a K-1c SS b K-1d SW FIc K-1e SW K-1f AP g GR a TLD SO K-1h WW K-1j SS b K-1m TLD K-1o TLD K-1q TLD K-1r TLD K-1u WWh K-1v WWh K-2 AP g TLD K-3 GR a TLD SO CF d K-5 GR a TLD K-8 AP g TLD K-9 SW f SS b K-13 WW K-17 TLD K-23a BLV e K-23b BLV e K-25 TLD K-26 BLV e K-27 TLD K-30 TLD K-34 GR a SO CF d K-35 GR a SO CF d K-38 GR a SO CF d K-39 GR a TLD K-43 AP g TLD K-45 CF d a Three times a year, second, third, and fourth quarters.

b Collected in May and November.

c Collected in the third quarter.

d First quarter (January, February or March) only.

e Alternate, since milk sampling is no longer performed.

f Two samples, raw and treated.

g Frequency may be increased dependent on the dust loading.

h Well water shall be taken when this source is tapped for drinking purposes in areas where the hydraulic gradient or recharge properties are suitable for contamination..

Table 4.3. Sample Codes:

Code Description AP Airborne particulates BLV Broad leaf vegetation CF Cattle feed FI Fish GR Grass SO Soil SW Surface water SS Shoreline sediment TLD Thermoluminescent dosimeter WW Well water

18 Table 4.4. Sampling Summary, January - December, 2024.

Collection Number of Number of Sample Type and Number of Samples Samples Type Frequency a Locations Collected Missed Air Environment TLDs C/Q 15 60 0

Airborne particulates C/W 4

203 5

Terrestrial Environment Well water G/Q 4

16 0

Broad Leaf Vegetation G/A 3

3 0

Cattle Feed G/A 5

10 0

Grass G/TA 8

24 0

Soil G/SA 5

10 0

Aquatic Environment Surface water G/Q 4

20 0

Fish G/A 1

1 0

Shoreline sediments G/SA 3

6 0

a Type of collection is coded as follows: C = continuous; G = grab.

Frequency is coded as follows: W = weekly; BW = bi-weekly; SM = semimonthly; M = monthly; Q = quarterly; SA = semiannually; TA = three times per year; A = annually.

19 Table 4.5 Environmental Radiation Monitoring Program Summary.

Name of Facility Kewaunee Power Station Docket No.

50-305 Location of Facility Kewaunee County, Wisconsin Reporting Period January-December, 2024 (County, State)

Sample Type (Units)

Type and Number of Analysesa MDCb Indicator Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Location with Highest Annual Mean Control Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Number Non-Routine Resultse Locationd Mean (F)c Rangec TLDs (Quarterly)

Gamma 44 5.2f 13.7 (40/40)

K-39,Wojta Property 3.46 N 15.2 (4/4) 13.9 (4/4) 0 (mR/91days)

(8.9-18.1)

(12.8-17.8)

(10.4-15.8)

TLDs, Quarterly Gamma 16 5.2f 49.8 (16/16)

K-1m, ISFSI E 86.8 (4/4)

None 0

(Protected Area)

(9.5-92.4) 0.15 N (84.6 -92.4)

(mR/91days)

Airborne Particulates (pCi/m3)

GB 203 0.010 0.019 (153/153)

(0.006-0.050)

K-1f, Maintenance Storage Building, 0.12 S 0.019 (51/51)

(0.006-0.051) 0.020 (50/50)

(0.006-0.051) 0 GS 16 Be-7 0.020 0.172 (12/12)

(0.089-0.301)

K-8,St. Isadore the Farmer Church 4.85 WSW 0.183 (4/4)

(0.122-0.301) 0.155 (4/4)

(0.122-0.193) 0 Nb-95 0.0144

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zr-95 0.0192

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-103 0.0312

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-106 0.0340

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-134 0.0039

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-137 0.0033

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-141 0.0582

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-144 0.0160

< MDC

< MDC 0

20 Table 4.5 Environmental Radiation Monitoring Program Summary.

Name of Facility Kewaunee Power Station Docket No.

50-305 Location of Facility Kewaunee County, Wisconsin Reporting Period January-December, 2024 (County, State)

Sample Type (Units)

Type and Number of Analysesa MDC b Indicator Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Location with Highest Annual Mean Control Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Number Non-Routine Resultse Locationd Mean (F)c Rangec Well Water (pCi/L)

GA 12 3.9 2.5 (1/12)

K-1u, Maint. Bldg.,

0.05 mi, SSW 2.5 (1/4)

None 0

GB 16 3.8 3.7 (8/12)

(2.8-5.0)

K-1h, North Well, 0.12 mi, NW 4.3 (4/4)

(3.6-5.0)

< MDC 0

H-3 16 199

< MDC

< MDC 0

K-40 16 143

< MDC 0

Sr-90 4

3.4

< MDC None 0

GS 16 Mn-54 9.6

< MDC

< MDC 0

Fe-59 20.9

< MDC

< MDC 0

Co-58 15.5

< MDC

< MDC 0

Co-60 9.8

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zn-65 18.1

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zr-Nb-95 13.8

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-134 9.1

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-137 8.8

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ba-La-140 24.1

< MDC

< MDC 0

Broad leaf Vegetation (pCi/gwet)

GS 3

Be-7 0.35 1.34 (1/2)

K-23a 2.50 (1/1)

< MDC 0

)

0.5 mi W. of Plant K-40 0.50 3.82 (2/2)

K-23b 4.60 (1/1) 1.35 (1/1) 0 (3.03-4.60) 0.6 mi N. of Plant Nb-95 0.047

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zr-95 0.073

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-103 0.044

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-106 0.368

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-134 0.047

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-137 0.045

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-141 0.055

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-144 0.213

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cattle feed (pCi/gwet)

GB 10 0.008 7.87(6/6)

K-38, Sinkula Farm 11.38 (2/2) 7.74 (4/4) 0 (2.35-21.30) 2.45mi. WNW (2.35-21.30)

(3.18-11.80)

Sr-90 10 0.006 0.014 (2/6)

(0.009-0.010)

K-38, Sinkula Farm 2.45 mi..WNW 0.021 (1/2) 0.015 (4/4)

(0.003-0.017) 0 GS 10 Be-7 0.480 0.73 (2/6)

K-45, Wakkers Dairy 1.02 (1/2) 2.04 (1/2) 0 (0.44-1.02) 5.1 mi. N K-40 0.50 7.55 (6/6)

K-38, Sinkula Farm 9.21 (2/2) 6.77 (4/4) 0 (2.27-13.10) 2.45 mi. WNW (3.31-15.10)

(2.27-7.63)

Nb-95 0.089

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zr-95 0.078

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-103 0.048

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-106 0.476

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-134 0.052

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-137 0.048

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-141 0.681

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-144 0.281

< MDC

< MDC 0

21 Table 4.5 Environmental Radiation Monitoring Program Summary.

Name of Facility Kewaunee Power Station Docket No.

50-305 Location of Facility Kewaunee County, Wisconsin Reporting Period January-December, 2024 (County, State)

Sample Type (Units)

Type and Number of Analysesa MDCb Indicator Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Location with Highest Annual Mean Control Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Number Non-Routine Resultse Locationd Mean (F)c Rangec Grass GB 24 0.10 9.05 (18/18)

K-38, Sinkula Farm 10.1 (3/3) 10.2 (6/6) 0 (pCi/gwet)

(6.69-14.20) 2.4 mi WNW (6.7-12.5)

(7.12 -15.7)

Sr-90 24 0.005 0.009 (3/18)

K-34, Struck Farm, 2.7 mi. N (0.013) (1/3)

< MDC 0

GS 24 Be-7 0.47 4.44 (16/18)

K-1b, Middle Creek 3.59 (2/3) 0.63 (6/6) 0 (1.93-4.15) 0.12 mi N (3.02-4.15)

(1.01-1.80)

K-40 0.50 6.06 (18/18)

K-38, Sinkula Farm 7.33 (3/3) 6.96 (6/6) 0 (4.44-10.4) 2.45 mi. WNW (5.02-10.4)

(5.47-11.4)

Mn-54 0.061

< MDC

< MDC 0

Co-58 0.047

< MDC

< MDC 0

Co-60 0.059

< MDC

< MDC 0

Nb-95 0.053

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zr-95 0.091

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-103 0.058

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-106 0.478

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-134 0.078

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-137 0.054

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-141 0.078

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-144 0.335

< MDC

< MDC 0

Soil GA 10 3.8 3.74 (3/6)

K-3, Sigmund Farm 5.68 (1/2) 5.29 (2/4) 0 (pCi/gdry)

(3.06-4.57) 5.9 mi N (4.89-5.68)

GB 10 2.0 29.67 (6/6)

K-3, Sigmund Farm 5.9 mi. N 33.2 (2/2) 28.7 (4/4) 0 (24.40-33.70)

(31.8-34.5)

(21.5-34.5)

Sr-90 10 0.066

< MDC

< MDC 0

GS 10 Be-7 0.85

< MDC

< MDC 0

K-40 1.4 18.7 (6/6)

K-34, Struck Farm 19.2 (2/2) 16.0 (4/4) 0 (17.1-20.6) 2.7 mi N (17.9-20.4)

(8.8-21.6)

Nb-95 0.126

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zr-95 0.182

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-103 0.085

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ru-106 0.869

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-134 0.115

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-137 0.136 0.07 (1/6)

K-35,Ducat Residence 0.11 (1/2) 0.11 (1/4) 0 6.71 mi WNW Ce-141 0.137

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ce-144 0.546

< MDC

< MDC 0

22 Table 4.5 Environmental Radiation Monitoring Program Summary.

Name of Facility Kewaunee Power Station Docket No.

50-305 Location of Facility Kewaunee County, Wisconsin Reporting Period January-December, 2024 (County, State)

Sample Type (Units)

Type and Number of Analysesa MDCb Indicator Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Location with Highest Annual Mean Control Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Number Non-Routine Resultse Locationd Mean (F)c Rangec Surface Water GB (TR) 20 3.5 5.4 (11/12)

K-1b, Middle Creek 6.8 (4/4) 2.7 (2/8) 0 (2.7 - 9.1) 0.12 mi. N (3.8-9.1)

(2.4-2.9)

)

(pCi/L)

GS 20 K-40 20 144

< MDC

< MDC 0

Mn-54 8.9

< MDC

< MDC 0

Fe-59 18.5

< MDC

< MDC 0

Co-58 7.7

< MDC

< MDC 0

Co-60 9.8

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zn-65 16.5

< MDC

< MDC 0

Zr-Nb-95 8.8

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-134 9.8

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-137 8.2

< MDC

< MDC 0

Ba-La-140 18.2

< MDC

< MDC 0

H-3 20 196

< MDC

< MDC 0

Sr-90 20 5.5

< MDC

< MDC 0

Fish (Flesh)

GB 1

0.5 5.65 (1/1)

K-1d, Cond. Discharge 5.65 (1/1)

None 0

(pCi/gwet) 0.10 mi. E GS 1

K-40 0.5 4.47 (1/1)

K-1d, Cond. Discharge 4.47 (1/1)

None 0

0.10 mi. E Mn-54 0.057

< MDC None 0

Fe-59 0.157

< MDC None 0

Co-58 0.121

< MDC None 0

Co-60 0.067

< MDC None 0

Cs-134 0.049

< MDC None 0

Cs-137 0.046

< MDC None 0

Fish (Bones)

GB 1

0.5 3.58 (1/1)

K-1d, Cond. Discharge 3.58 (1/1)

None 0

(pCi/gwet) 0.10 mi. E Sr-90 1

0.03

< MDC None 0

23 Table 4.5 Environmental Radiation Monitoring Program Summary.

Name of Facility Kewaunee Power Station Docket No.

50-305 Location of Facility Kewaunee County, Wisconsin Reporting Period January-December, 2024 (County, State)

Sample Type (Units)

Type and Number of Analysesa MDCb Indicator Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Location with Highest Annual Mean Control Locations Mean (F)c Rangec Number Non-Routine Resultse Locationd Mean (F)c Rangec Shoreline GB 6

1.0 9.59(4/4)

K-9, Rostok Intake 9.95 (2/2) 9.95 (2/2) 0 Sediments (8.07-12.8) 11.5 mi. NNE (9.80-10.1)

(9.80-10.1)

(pCi/g)

Sr-90 6

0.066

< MDC

< MDC 0

GS 6

K-40 0.5 6.15 (4/4)

K-9, Rostok Intake 8.14 (2/2) 8.14 (2/2) 0 (4.70-7.35) 11.5 mi. NNE (7.91-8.37)

(7.91-8.37)

Co-58 0.069

< MDC

< MDC 0

Co-60 0.107

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-134 0.067

< MDC

< MDC 0

Cs-137 0.067

< MDC

< MDC 0

a GA = gross alpha, GB = gross beta, GS = gamma spectroscopy, TR = total residue.

b MDC = Minimum Detectable Concentration based on a 4.66 sigma counting error for background sample.

c Mean and range are based on detectable measurements only (i.e., >MDC) Fraction of detectable measurements at specified locations is indicated in parentheses (F).

d Locations are specified by station code (Table 4.1) and distance (miles) and direction relative to reactor site.

e Non-routine results are those which exceed ten times the control station value. If no control station value is available, the result is considered non-routine if it exceeds ten times the preoperational value for the location.

f For TLDs this value is the Quarterly Minimum Differential Dose(MDDQ). See page 8 of this report for the details of how it is computed.

24 Table 4.6 Land Use Census The following table lists an inventory of residence gardens 500 ft2 found nearest the plant in each of the 10 meteorological sectors within a five mile radius of the Kewaunee Power Station. (Figure 4-1)

Sector Township No.

Residence Garden Distance From Plant (miles)

Location ID A

24 X

1.12 A

12 X

3.71 B

24 X

(Note 1) 1.01 R

26 X

0.96 R

23 X

2.16 Q

23 X

1.27 Q

23 X

1.53 K-27 P

26 X

1.35 P

26 X

1.41 N

35 X

0.94 N

28 X

2.37 M

35 X

(Note 2) 1.38 L

35 X

1.00 L

2 X

2.04 K

36 X

(Note 3) 0.91 J

11 X

(Note 4) 2.72 Note 1. There were no gardens located in Sector B within five miles of the Kewaunee Power Station.

Note 2. There were no gardens located in Sector M within five miles of the Kewaunee Power Station.

Note 3. There were no gardens located in Sector K within five miles of the Kewaunee Power Station.

Note 4. There were no gardens located in Sector J within five miles of the Kewaunee Power Station.

25

5.0 REFERENCES

Arnold. J. R. and H. A. Al-Salih. 1955. Beryllium-7 Produced by Cosmic Rays. Science 121: 451-453.

Eisenbud, M. 1963. Environmental Radioactivity, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, pp. 213, 275, and 276.

Gold, S., H. W. Barkhau, B. Shlein, and B. Kahn, 1964 Measurement of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Air, in the Natural Radiation Environment, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 369-382.

Microbac Laboratories, Northbrook 2023 Annual Report. Radiological Monitoring Program for the Kewaunee Power Station, Kewaunee, Wisconsin, Final Report, Part II, Data Tabulations and Analysis, January - December 2023.

ATI Environmental, Inc., Midwest Laboratory.

2001 to 2022. Annual Report. Radiological Monitoring Program for the Kewaunee Power Station, Kewaunee, Wisconsin, Final Report, Part II, Data Tabulations and Analysis, January - December 2000 - 2022.

1984 to 2000. (formerly Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services, Midwest Laboratory)

Annual Reports. Radiological Monitoring Program for the Kewaunee Power Station, Kewaunee, Wisconsin, Final Report, Part II, Data Tabulations and Analysis, January - December 1983 through January - December 1999.

1979 to 1983. (formerly Hazleton Environmental Sciences Corporation) Annual Reports. Radiological Monitoring for the Kewaunee Power Station, Kewaunee, Wisconsin, Final Report - Part II, Data Tabulations and

Analysis, January - December, 1978 through 1982.

1977 to 1978. (formerly NALCO Environmental Sciences Corporation) Annual Reports. Radiological Monitoring for the Kewaunee Power Station, Kewaunee, Wisconsin, Final Report - Part II, Data Tabulations and Analysis, January

- December, 1976 to 1977.

Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1974. Annual Report. Pre-operational Radiological Monitoring Program for the Kewaunee Power Station. Kewaunee, Wisconsin. January - December 1973.

Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1975. Semi-annual Report. Radiological Monitoring Program for the Kewaunee Power Station, Kewaunee, Wisconsin. Jan. - June, 1975.

Kewaunee Power Station. 2023. Radiological Environmental Monitoring Manual (REMM). Revision 25, 12 October 2023 National Center for Radiological Health. 1968. Section 1. Milk Surveillance. Radiological Health Data Rep., December 9:

730-746.

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. 1975. Natural Radiation Background in the United States.

NCRP Report No. 45.

Solon, L. R., W. M. Lowder, A. Shambron, and H. Blatz. 1960. Investigations of Natural Environmental Radiation. Science.

131: 903-906.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007. RadNet, formerly Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System, Gross Beta in Air (WI) 1981 - 2000.

Wilson, D.W., G. M. Ward, and J. E. Johnson, 1969. Environmental Contamination by Radioactive Materials. International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 125.

American National Standards Institute/Health Physics Society (ANSI/HPS) N13.37 - 2014, Environmental Dosimetry - Criteria for System Design and Implementation.

Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services, Quality Assurance Manual, Rev. 37, 31 May 2024.

Appendix A TBE-ES Interlaboratory Comparison Program Results

Summary of Results - Inter-laboratory Comparison Program (ICP)

The Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services (TBE-ES) laboratory analyzed Performance Evaluation (PE) samples of air particulate (AP), milk, soil, vegetation, and water matrices that represent test and matrix combinations available for REMP programs. The PE samples supplied by Eckert & Ziegler (E&Z) Analytics Inc., Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), and Department of Energy (DOE) Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program (MAPEP), were evaluated against the following pre-set acceptance criteria:

A. E&Z Analytics Evaluation Criteria Analytics evaluation report provides a ratio of TBEs result and E&Z Analytics known value. Since flag values are not assigned by E&Z Analytics, TBE evaluates the reported ratios based on internal QC requirements based on the DOE MAPEP criteria.

1. A = Acceptable - reported result falls within ratio limits of 0.80-1.20

2. W = Acceptable with warning - reported result falls within 0.70-0.80 or 1.20-1.30

3. N = Not Acceptable - reported result falls outside the ratio limits of < 0.70 and > 1.30 B. ERA Evaluation Criteria ERAs evaluation report provides an acceptance range for control and warning limits with associated flag values. ERAs acceptance limits are established per the US EPA, National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC), state-specific Performance Testing (PT) program requirements or ERAs SOP for the Generation of Performance Acceptance Limits, as applicable. The acceptance limits are either determined by a regression equation specific to each analyte or a fixed percentage limit promulgated under the appropriate regulatory document.

1. A = Acceptable - Reported value falls within the Acceptance Limits

2. N = Not Acceptable - Reported value falls outside of the Acceptance Limits C. DOE Evaluation Criteria MAPEPs evaluation report provides an acceptance range with associated flag values. MAPEP defines three levels of performance:

1. Acceptable (flag = A) - result within +/- 20% of the reference value

2. Acceptable with Warning (flag = W) - result falls in the +/- 20% to +/- 30% of the reference value

3. Not Acceptable (flag = N) - bias is greater than 30% of the reference value Note: The Department of Energy (DOE) Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program (MAPEP) samples are created to mimic conditions found at DOE sites which do not always resemble typical environmental samples obtained at commercial nuclear power facilities.

The Inter-Laboratory Comparison Program provides evidence of in control counting systems and methods, and that the laboratories are producing accurate and reliable data. For the TBE laboratory, 152 out of 167 analyses performed met the specified acceptance criteria. Fifteen analyses did not meet the specified acceptance criteria and were addressed through the TBE Corrective Action Program. A summary is found below:

A. NCR 24-02: ERA March MRAD-40 study with Air Particulate AM-241 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 38.8 pCi/filter and the known value returned at 55.0 pCi/filter (range 39.3-73.3). The root cause investigation determined that the sample was not logged into the system correctly and therefore not prepared with the required tracer. To correct and prevent recurrence, personnel involved are to utilize a template to ensure all analyses are logged as required and the QA Manager will perform sample log review as a back up to ensure accuracy.

Acceptable results returned in a later sample study, supporting effectiveness of corrective action.

B. NCR 24-03: ERA March MRAD-40 air particulate study GR-B evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 42.1 pCi/filter and the known value returned at 22.2 pCi/filter (range 13.5-33.5). The root cause investigation determined that alpha-to-beta crosstalk was more significant than normal which caused the beta activity to report falsely high data. To correct and prevent recurrence, personnel involved are to adjust the alpha-to-beta crosstalk via correction calculation measures when high alpha activities are observed. Acceptable results returned in a later sample study, supporting effectiveness of corrective action.

C. NCR 24-05: ERA April RAD-137 water study GR-A evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 35.2 pCi/L and the known value returned at 52.6 pCi/L (range 39.6-65.6). The root cause investigation determined that the provided samples contained a solids content that was significantly higher than the typical client samples tested by the laboratory. A set aliquot volume for prior ERA samples was used and not adjusted to account for the sudden increase in solid content. To correct and prevent recurrence, new sample types were ordered from ERA that used Am-241 to better reflect client sample testing and acceptable results were achieved. Acceptable results returned in a later sample study, supporting effectiveness of corrective action.

D. NCR 24-06: E&Z Analytics March E14092 air particulate study Co-60 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 168 pCi and the known value returned at 126 pCi. Additionally, March E14093 soil Ce-141 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 0.106pCi/g and the known value returned at 0.071pCi/g. The root cause investigation was unable to determine any anomaly thus no proposed corrective action. No recurrence has occurred.

E. CAR 24-02 (CAR 23-31): MAPEP February 24-MaS50 soil study Fe-55 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 297 Bq/Kg and the known value returned at 650 Bq/Kg (range 455-845). The root cause investigation suspects that the current analytical procedure is not sufficient to add the interferences added to the sample by MAPEP. This investigation is still ongoing (See NCR 24-16) as the suggested corrective action did not provide desired results.

F. NCR 24-08: MAPEP February 24-MaS50 soil study Ni-63 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 1070 Bq/Kg and the known value returned at 1530 Bq/Kg (range 1071-1989). The root cause investigation suspected that the sample contained added interferences that are not typically seen in client samples. All QC efforts associated with the sample were acceptable and no anomalies found, even after reanalysis. To correct and prevent recurrence, samples suspected of additional interferences will include the addition of Ni-59 tracer to determine yield results when calculating results. TBE analytical procedure TBE-2013 was updated to include this change.

G. NCR 24-09: MAPEP February 24-MaSU50 urine study Zn-65 evaluated as Not Acceptable. The root cause investigation determined that the sample was spiked lower than TBEs typical detection limit and client requirements. The report was revised by MAPEP indicating Not Evaluated, resulting in this nuclide to not be considered a failure.

H. NCR 24-10: MAPEP February 24-MaW50 water study Tc-99 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 9.95Bq/L and the known value returned 7.47Bq/L (range 5.23-9.71). The root cause investigation suspects Thorium interference that was not removed during the column separation process of the analytical procedure; however, it cannot be confirmed as all QC efforts associated with the sample were acceptable and with no anomalies found. To potentially correct and prevent recurrence, an additional rinse step was added to the procedure. Acceptable results returned in a later sample study, supporting effectiveness of corrective action.

I. NCR 24-11: MAPEP February 24-RdV50 vegetation study Sr-90 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 0.276Bq/sample and the known value returned 0.529Bq/sample (range 0.370-0.688).

The root cause investigation determined a laboratory accident resulting in a spilled (loss) of sample. No corrective action was performed as the cause was an unintentional sample spill.

J. NCR 24-14: ERA September MRAD-41 air particulate study U-234/238 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 14.0/14.2 pCi/filter and the known value returned at 31.1/30.9 pCi/filter (range 23.1-36.9). The root cause investigation determined that the laboratory technician placed double the amount of tracer in the sample by error. To correct and prevent recurrence, samples that have been digested/leached with carrier/tracer added will have a label placed over the cap indicating it has already been added. Additionally, the beaker that aliquot is put in should have markings to indicate carrier/tracer has already been added to the sample.

K. NCR 24-15: ERA September MRAD-41 water study Fe-55 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 615 pCi/L and the known value returned at 1230 pCi/L (range 723-1790). The root cause is still under investigation.

L. NCR 24-16: MAPEP August 24-MaS51 soil study Fe-55 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE did not report a value and the known value returned 780Bq/Kg (range 546-1014). The root cause is still under investigation.

M. NCR 24-17: MAPEP August 24-RdV51 vegetation study Sr-90 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 0.95Bq/sample and the known value returned 2.39Bq/sample (range 1.67-3.11). The root cause is still under investigation.

Month/Year Identification Number Matrix Nuclide Units TBE Reported Value Known Value (a)

Ratio of TBE to Analytics Result Evaluation (b)

March 2024 E14089 Milk Sr-89 pCi/L 79.6 78.2 1.02 A

Sr-90 pCi/L 12.6 11.9 1.06 A

E14090 Milk Ce-141 pCi/L 75.6 85.0 0.89 A

Co-58 pCi/L

-0.069 Not Measured Co-60 pCi/L 139 158 0.88 A

Cr-51 pCi/L 212 230 0.92 A

Cs-134 pCi/L 167 198 0.84 A

Cs-137 pCi/L 158 171 0.93 A

Fe-59 pCi/L 81.1 86.5 0.94 A

I-131 pCi/L 80.9 90.8 0.89 A

Mn-54 pCi/L 173 183 0.95 A

Zn-65 pCi/L 165 176 0.93 A

E14091 Charcoal I-131 pCi 90.1 90.3 1.00 A

E14092 AP Ce-141 pCi 68.1 67.5 1.01 A

Co-58 pCi 1.73 Not Measured Co-60 pCi 168 126 1.34 N(1)

Cr-51 pCi 182 183 0.99 A

Cs-134 pCi 157 157 1.00 A

Cs-137 pCi 132 136.0 0.97 A

Fe-59 pCi 70.3 68.6 1.02 A

Mn-54 pCi 144 145 0.99 A

Zn-65 pCi 125 140 0.89 A

E14093 Soil Ce-141 pCi/g 0.106 0.071 1.48 N(1)

Co-58 pCi/g

-0.005 Not Measured Co-60 pCi/g 0.121 0.133 0.91 A

Cr-51 pCi/g 0.198 0.194 1.02 A

Cs-134 pCi/g 0.206 0.166 1.24 W

Cs-137 pCi/g 0.207 0.209 0.99 A

Fe-59 pCi/g 0.063 0.073 0.87 A

Mn-54 pCi/g 0.140 0.153 0.91 A

Zn-65 pCi/g 0.149 0.148 1.01 A

E14094 AP Sr-89 pCi 83.9 90.6 0.93 A

Sr-90 pCi 11.7 13.8 0.85 A

September 2024 E14095 Milk Sr-89 pCi/L 88.0 92.3 0.95 A

Sr-90 pCi/L 12.4 15.2 0.82 A

E14096 Milk Ce-141 pCi/L 124 124 1.00 A

Co-58 pCi/L 154 150 1.03 A

Co-60 pCi/L 232 236 0.98 A

A.1 Analytics Environmental Radioactivity Cross Check Program Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services (Page 1 of 6)

Month/Year Identification Number Matrix Nuclide Units TBE Reported Value Known Value (a)

Ratio of TBE to Analytics Result Evaluation (b)

A.1 Analytics Environmental Radioactivity Cross Check Program Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services Cr-51 pCi/L 284 274 1.04 A

Cs-134 pCi/L 180.0 187 0.96 A

Cs-137 pCi/L 126 127 0.99 A

Fe-59 pCi/L 127.0 113 1.12 A

I-131 pCi/L 85.3 89.0 0.96 A

Mn-54 pCi/L 162 162 1.00 A

Zn-65 pCi/L 294 275 1.07 A

E14097 Charcoal I-131 pCi 98.8 92.6 1.07 A

E14098 AP Ce-141 pCi 82.0 76.7 1.07 A

Co-58 pCi 91.0 92.6 0.98 A

Co-60 pCi 180 146 1.23 W

Cr-51 pCi 208 170 1.22 W

Cs-134 pCi 116 116 1.00 A

Cs-137 pCi 83.1 78.9 1.05 A

Fe-59 pCi 75.6 70.2 1.08 A

Mn-54 pCi 101 100 1.01 A

Zn-65 pCi 167 170 0.98 A

E14099 Soil Ce-141 pCi/g 0.224 0.222 1.01 A

Co-58 pCi/g 0.249 0.268 0.93 A

Co-60 pCi/g 0.420 0.423 0.99 A

Cr-51 pCi/g 0.492 0.492 1.00 A

Cs-134 pCi/g 0.278 0.336 0.83 A

Cs-137 pCi/g 0.276 0.295 0.94 A

Fe-59 pCi/g 0.233 0.204 1.14 A

Mn-54 pCi/g 0.279 0.290 0.96 A

Zn-65 pCi/g 0.538 0.494 1.09 A

E14100 AP Sr-89 pCi 79.8 82.7 0.96 A

Sr-90 pCi 12.0 13.6 0.88 A

E14197 Liquid Gr-A (Am241) pCi/L 47.6 50.1 0.95 A

Gr-B (Cs137) pCi/L 248 270 0.92 A

(a) The Analytics known value is equal to 100% of the parameter present in the standard as determined by gravimetric and/or volumetric measurements made during standard preparation (b) Analytics evaluation based on TBE internal QC limits:

A = Acceptable - reported result falls within ratio limits of 0.80-1.20 W = Acceptable with warning - reported result falls within 0.70-0.80 or 1.20-1.30 N = Not Acceptable - reported result falls outside the ratio limits of < 0.70 and > 1.30 (Page 2 of 6)

Month/Year Identification Number Matrix Nuclide Units TBE Reported Value Known Value (a)

Acceptance Range Evaluation (b)

February 2024 24-MaS50 Soil Fe-55 Bq/kg 297 650 455 - 845 N(3)

Ni-63 Bq/kg 1070 1530 1071 - 1989 N(4)

Tc-99 Bq/kg 325 336 235 - 437 A

Th-228 Bq/kg 34.6 48.8 34.2 - 63.4 W

Th-230 Bq/kg 49.7 54.0 38.0 - 70.0 A

Th-232 Bq/kg 36.4 45.1 31.6 - 58.6 A

24-MaSU50 Urine Cs-134 Bq/L 1.12 1.36 0.95-1.77 A

Cs-137 Bq/L 2.00 2.23 1.56-2.90 A

Co-57 Bq/L 1.06 1.26 0.88 - 1.64 A

Co-60 Bq/L 2.26 2.38 1.67 - 3.09 A

K-40 Bq/L

-1.80 NR Mn-54 Bq/L 1.44 1.51 1.06 - 1.96 A

U-234 Bq/L 0.00101 (1)

A U-238 Bq/L 0.00228 (1)

A Zn-65 Bq/L

-0.42 0.84 0.59-1.09 NE(5) 24-MaW50 Water Ni-63 Bq/L 0.338 0.80 (2)

A Tc-99 Bq/L 9.95 7.47 5.23 - 9.71 N(6) 24-RdV50 Vegetation Cs-134 Bq/sample 2.80 3.67 2.57 - 4.77 W

Cs-137 Bq/sample 2.21 2.57 1.80 - 3.34 A

Co-57 Bq/sample 2.23 2.53 1.77 - 3.29 A

Co-60 Bq/sample 2.42 2.96 2.07 - 3.85 A

Mn-54 Bq/sample 0.033 (1)

A Sr-90 Bq/sample 0.276 0.529 0.370 - 0.688 N(7)

Zn-65 Bq/sample 6.83 8.02 5.61 - 10.43 A

August 2024 24-MaS51 Soil Fe-55 Bq/kg (8) 780 546-1014 N(9)

Ni-63 Bq/kg 1140.00 1450.00 1015 - 1885 W

Tc-99 Bq/kg 155.00 171.00 120 - 222 A

Th-228 Bq/kg 38.00 43.30 30.3 - 56.3 A

Th-230 Bq/kg 46.10 44.00 30.8 - 57.2 A

Th-232 Bq/kg 38.90 42.60 29.8 - 55.4 A

24-MaW51 Water Ni-63 Bq/L 0.60 (1)

A Tc-99 Bq/L 11.90 11.20 7.8 - 14.6 A

24-RdV51 Vegetation Cs-134 Bq/sample 3.12 2.89 2.02 - 3.76 A

Cs-137 Bq/sample 2.18 1.91 1.34 - 2.48 A

Co-57 Bq/sample 0.00 (1)

A Co-60 Bq/sample 2.24 2.01 1.41 - 2.61 A

Mn-54 Bq/sample 3.76 3.53 2.47 - 4.59 A

Sr-90 Bq/sample 0.95 2.39 1.67 - 3.11 N(10)

Zn-65 Bq/sample 10.30 9.13 6.39 - 11.87 A

A.2 DOE's Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program (MAPEP)

Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services (Page 3 of 6)

(a) The MAPEP known value is equal to 100% of the parameter present in the standard as determined by gravimetric and/or volumetric measurements made during standard preparation (b) DOE/MAPEP evaluation:

A = Acceptable - reported result falls within ratio limits of 0.80-1.20 W = Acceptable with warning - reported result falls within 0.70-0.80 or 1.20-1.30 N = Not Acceptable - reported result falls outside the ratio limits of < 0.70 and > 1.30 (1) False positive test (2) Sensitivity evaluation (3) See CAR 23-31 (4) See NCR 24-08 (5) Not Evaluated, re-reported as Falst Pos by MAPEP (6) See NCR 24-10 (7) See NCR 24-11 (Page 4 of 6)

Month/Year Identification Number Matrix Nuclide Units TBE Reported Value Known Value (a)

Acceptance Limits Evaluation (b)

March 2024 MRAD-40 Water Am-241 pCi/L 101 139 95.4 - 178 A

Fe-55 pCi/L 2185 2480 1460- 3610 A

Pu-238 pCi/L 62.0 70.4 42.3 - 91.2 A

Pu-239 pCi/L 61.2 76.5 47.3 - 94.3 A

Soil Am-241 pCi/kg NR 1880 1020 - 2660 Pu-238 pCi/kg 667 512 255 - 778 A

Pu-239 pCi/kg 562 545 297 - 784 A

Sr-90 pCi/kg 4050 3630 1130 - 5650 A

U-234 pCi/kg 3040 4360 2040 - 5710 A

U-238 pCi/kg 3270 4320 2370 - 5800 A

AP Am-241 pCi/filter 38.8 55.0 39.3 - 73.3 N(1)

Fe-55 pCi/filter 387 386 141 - 616 A

Pu-238 pCi/filter 45.9 41.1 31.0 - 50.5 A

Pu-239 pCi/filter 54.9 56.1 41.9 - 67.7 A

U-234 pCi/filter 11.1 11.6 8.60 - 13.6 A

U-238 pCi/filter 12.8 11.5 8.68 - 13.7 A

GR-A pCi/filter 116 95.9 50.1 - 158 A

GR-B pCi/filter 42.1 22.2 13.5 - 33.5 N(2)

April 2024 RAD-137 Water Ba-133 pCi/L 62.8 65.9 50.1 - 81.7 A

Cs-134 pCi/L 51.0 57.8 42.8 - 72.8 A

Cs-137 pCi/L 153 186 149 - 223 A

Co-60 pCi/L 92.1 98.8 79.7 - 118 A

Zn-65 pCi/L 208 240 188 - 292 A

GR-A pCi/L 35.2 52.6 39.6 - 65.6 N(3)

GR-B pCi/L 49 46.5 33.9 - 59.1 A

U-Nat pCi/L 56.0 59.3 52.8-65.8 A

H-3 pCi/L 19,000 21,300 18,200 - 24,400 A

Sr-89 pCi/L 48.9 52.2 37.8 - 66.6 A

Sr-90 pCi/L 32.6 37.6 32.0 - 43.2 A

I-131 pCi/L 21.8 25.1 21.7 - 28.5 A

September 2024 MRAD-41 Water Am-241 pCi/L 108.0 117.0 80.3-150 A

Fe-55 pCi/L 615 1230 723-1790 N(4)

Pu-238 pCi/L 99 103 61.9-133 A

Pu-239 pCi/L 123 133 82.3-164 A

Soil Am-241 pCi/kg 1320 1110 599-1570 A

Pu-238 pCi/kg 1380 1860 928-2830 A

Pu-239 pCi/kg 796 1030 561-1480 A

Sr-90 pCi/kg 3240 4730 1470-7370 A

A.3 ERA Environmental Radioactivity Cross Check Program Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services (Page 5 of 6)

U-234 pCi/kg 2540 2860 1340-3750 A

U-238 pCi/kg 2390 2840 1560-3810 A

AP Am-241 pCi/filter 27.0 29.1 20.8-38.8 A

Fe-55 pCi/filter 644 800 292-1280 A

Pu-238 pCi/filter 22.3 21.5 16.2-26.4 A

Pu-239 pCi/filter 30.6 32.4 24.2-39.1 A

U-234 pCi/filter 14.0 31.1 23.1-36.4 N(5)

U-238 pCi/filter 14.2 30.9 23.3-36.9 N(5)

GR-A pCi/filter 80.0 72.4 37.8-119 A

GR-B pCi/filter 57.5 47.9 29.0-72.4 A

October 2024 RAD-139 Water Ba-133 pCi/L 30.3 27.4 15.5-39.3 A

Cs-134 pCi/L 73.3 80.2 63.0-97.4 A

Cs-137 pCi/L 46.6 46.3 23.3-69.3 A

Co-60 pCi/L 44.2 45.3 31.6-59.0 A

Zn-65 pCi/L 104 114.0 75.0-153 A

GR-A pCi/L 47.6 51.7 38.9-64.5 A

GR-B pCi/L 44.2 48.1 35.2-61.0 A

U-Nat pCi/L 28.3 26.90 23.6-30.2 A

H-3 pCi/L 4,690 5,320 3870-6770 A

Sr-89 pCi/L 57.5 44.2 30.6-57.8 A

Sr-90 pCi/L 37.3 35.6 30.2-41.0 A

I-131 pCi/L 28.3 26.3 22.7-29.9 A

(a) The ERA known value is equal to 100% of the parameter present in the standard as determined by gravimetric and/or volumetric measurements made during standard preparation.

(b) ERA evaluation:

A = Acceptable - Reported value falls within the Acceptance Limits N = Not Acceptable - Reported value falls outside of the Acceptance Limits (1) See NCR 24-02 (2) See NCR 24-03 (3) See NCR 24-05 (4) See NCR 24-15 (Page 6 of 6)

Appendix B Data Reporting Conventions

APPENDIX B. DATA REPORTING CONVENTIONS Data Reporting Conventions 1.0. All activities, except gross alpha and gross beta, are decay corrected to collection time or the end of the collection period.

2.0. Single Measurements Each single measurement is reported as follows:

x +/- s where:

x = value of the measurement; s = 2 counting uncertainty (corresponding to the 95% confidence level).

In cases where the activity is less than the lower limit of detection L, it is reported as: < L, where L = the lower limit of detection based on 4.66 uncertainty for a background sample.

3.0. Duplicate analyses If duplicate analyses are reported, the convention is as follows. :

3.1 Individual results: For two analysis results; x1 +/- s1 and x2 +/- s2 Reported result: x +/- s; where x = (1/2) (x1 + x2) and s = (1/2) 2 2

2 1

s s +

3.2.

Individual results:

< L1, < L2 Reported result: < L, where L = lower of L1 and L2 3.3.

Individual results:

x +/- s, < L Reported result:

x +/- s if x L; < L otherwise.

4.0. Computation of Averages and Standard Deviations 4.1 Averages and standard deviations listed in the tables are computed from all of the individual measurements over the period averaged; for example, an annual standard deviation would not be the average of quarterly standard deviations. The average x and standard deviation s of a set of n numbers x1, x2... xn are defined as follows:

x = 1 n x s =

(x-x )2 n-1 4.2 Values below the highest lower limit of detection are not included in the average.

4.3 If all values in the averaging group are less than the highest LLD, the highest LLD is reported.

4.4 If all but one of the values are less than the highest LLD, the single value x and associated two sigma error is reported.

4.5 In rounding off, the following rules are followed:

4.5.1. If the number following those to be retained is less than 5, the number is dropped, and the retained numbers are kept unchanged. As an example, 11.443 is rounded off to 11.44.

4.5.2. If the number following those to be retained is equal to or greater than 5, the number is dropped and the last retained number is raised by 1. As an example, 11.445 is rounded off to 11.45.

B-1

Appendix C Effluent Concentrations

APPENDIX C Table C-1.

Maximum permissible concentrations of radioactivity in air and water above natural background in unrestricted areas

a.

Air (pCi/m

3)

Water (pCi/L)

Gross alpha 1 x 10

-3 Strontium-89 8,000 Gross beta 1

Strontium-90 500 Iodine-131 b

2.8 x 10

-1 Cesium-137 1,000 Barium-140 8,000 Iodine-131 1,000 Potassium-40 c

4,000 Gross alpha 2

Gross beta 10 Tritium 1 x 10 6

a Taken from Table 2 of Appendix B to Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part 20, and appropriate footnotes.

Concentrations may be averaged over a period not greater than one year.

b Value adjusted by a factor of 700 to reduce the dose resulting from the air-grass-cow-milk-child pathway.

c A natural radionuclide.

C-1

2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Kewaunee Power Station Part II, Data Tabulations, Graphs and Analyses

©)MICROBAC 700 Landwehr Road* Northbrook, IL 60062-2310 phone (847) 564-0700

• fax {847) 564-4517 ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT TO KEWAUNEE SOLUTIONS RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE KEWAUNEE POWER STATION KEWAUNEE, WISCONSIN ANNUAL REPORT - PART II DATA TABULATIONS AND ANALYSES January 1 to December 31, 2024 Prepared and submitted by Microbac Laboratories - Northbrook Project No. 8002 Approved /(/

/IF lo, Ashok Banavali, Ph.D.

Laboratory Director Microbac Laboratories - Northbrook Daniel J. Shannon Radiation Protection Technical Manager Kewaunee Power Station Daniel Shannon Digitally signed by Daniel Shannon Date: 2025.05.01 11:08:36 -05'00'

ii PREFACE The staff of Microbac Laboratories - Northbrook were responsible for the presentation of data in this report. Assistance in sample collection was provided by Kewaunee Power Station personnel. The report was prepared by staff members of Microbac Laboratories - Northbrook. Teledyne Brown Engineering, Inc. is responsible for the radiochemical analyses. Mirion Dosimetry Services is responsible for the Thermolumnescent Dosimetry.

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Preface..........................................................................................................................................................

ii List of Figures........................................................................................................................................................

iv List of Tables........................................................................................................................................................

v

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1 2.0 GRAPHS OF DATA TRENDS.....................................................................................................................

6 3.0 DATA TABULATIONS........................................................................................................................................

15

iv LIST OF FIGURES No.

Caption Page 1

Sampling locations, Kewaunee Power Station 2

2 Airborne particulates, weekly averages; gross beta, Location K-1f 7

3 Location K-2 7

4 Location K-8 7

5 Location K-43 8

6 Airborne particulates, gross beta, monthly averages, Location K-1f 9

7 Location K-2 9

8 Location K-8 9

9 Location K-43 10 10 Well water, gross alpha in total residue, Location K-1h 11 11 Location K-1t 11 12 Location K-1u 11 13 Well water, gross beta in total residue, Location K-1h 12 14 Location K-1t 12 15 Location K-1u 12 16 Location K-13 12 17 Surface water, gross beta (total residue),

Location K-1b 13 18 Location K-1d 13 19 Location K-1e 13 20 Location K-9 13 21 Surface water, tritium activity, Location K-1d 14 22 Location K-9 14

v LIST OF TABLES No.

Title Page 1

Sampling locations, Kewaunee Power Station 3

2 Type and frequency of collection 4

3 Sample codes used in Table 2 5

Airborne particulates analysis for gross beta 4

Location K-1f 16 5

Location K-2 17 6

Location K-8 18 7

Location K-43 19 8

Airborne particulates, gross beta, monthly averages, minima and maxima 20 9

Airborne particulates, quarterly composites of weekly samples, analysis for gamma-22 emitting isotopes 10 Ambient gamma radiation (TLD), quarterly exposure 24 11 Well water, analysis for gross alpha, gross beta, tritium, potassium-40, strontium-90 and 25 gamma-emitting isotopes 12 Broad leaf Vegetation samples for gamma-emitting isotopes 27 13 Cattle feed, analysis for gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes 28 14 Grass, analysis for gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes 30 15 Soil, analysis for gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma-emitting isotopes 33 16 Surface water, analysis for gross beta, potassium-40, and gamma-emitting isotopes 35 17 Surface water, analysis for tritium and strontium-90 40 18 Fish samples, analysis for gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes 41 19 Shoreline sediments, analysis for gross beta, strontium-90 and gamma-emitting isotopes 42

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The following constitutes Part II of the final report for the 2024 Radiological Monitoring Program conducted at the Kewaunee Power Station (KPS), Kewaunee, Wisconsin.

Included are tabulations of data for all samples collected in 2024 along with graphs of data trends. A summary and interpretation of the data presented here are published in Part I of the 2024 Annual Report on the Radiological Monitoring Program for the Kewaunee Power Station.

2

3 Table 1. Sampling locations, Kewaunee Power Station.

Distance (miles)b Code Typea and Sector Location K-1 I

Onsite K-1b I

0.12 N Middle Creek K-1c I

0.10 N 500' north of condenser discharge K-1d I

0.10 E Condenser discharge K-1e I

0.12 S South Creek K-1f I

0.12 S Maintenance Waste Oil and Material Storage Building K-1h I

0.12 NW North Well K-1j I

0.10 S 500' south of Condenser Discharge K-1m I

0.15 N ISFSI East K-1o I

0.16 N ISFSI North K-1q I

0.16 N ISFSI West K-1r I

0.13 N ISFSI West K-1u I

0.05 SSW Maintenance Building K-1v I

0.06 W South Well K-2 C

8.91 NNE WPS Operations Building in Kewaunee K-3c I/C 5.9 N Lyle and John Siegmund Farm, N2815 Hy 42, Kewaunee K-5 I

3.2 NNW Ed Paplham Farm, E4160 Old Settlers Rd, Kewaunee K-8 I

4.85 WSW St. Isadore the Farmer Church, 18424 Tisch Mills Rd, Tisch Mills K-9 C

11.5 NNE Green Bay Municipal Pumping Station, six miles east of Green Bay (sample source is Lake Michigan water from Rostok Intake, two miles north of Kewaunee).

K-13 C

3.0 SSW Rand's General Store, Two Creeks K-17 I

4.0 W Klimesh's Farm, N855, Tk B, Kewaunee K-23a I

0.5 W 0.5 miles west of plant, Kewaunee site K-23b I

0.6 N 0.6 miles north of plant, Kewaunee site K-25 I

1.9 SW Wotachek Farm, E3968 Cty Tk BB, Two Rivers K-26 C

9.1 SSW Wilfert Farms Vegetable Stand (9.1 miles south of "BB")

K-27 I

1.53 NW Schleis Farm, E4298 Sandy Bay Rd, Kewaunee K-30 I

0.8 N End of site boundary K-34 I

2.7 N Leon and Vicki Struck Farm, N1549 Lakeshore Dr., Kewaunee K-35 C

6.71 WNW Duane Ducat, N1215 Sleepy Hollow Rd., Kewaunee K-38 I

2.45 WNW Dave Sinkula Farm, N890 Town Hall Road, Kewaunee K-39 I

3.46 N Francis Wojta, N1859 Lakeshore Road, Kewaunee K-43 I

2.71 SSW Gary Maigatter Property, 17333 Hwy 42, Two Rivers K-45 I

5.1 N Wakker's Dairy, N2348 Highway 42, Kewaunee a I = indicator; C = control.

b Distances are measured from reactor stack.

c Location K-3 is an indicator for ambient radiation and a control for soil, cattlefeed and grass.

4 Table 2. Type and frequency of collection.

Location K-1b SW GR a K-1c SS b K-1d SW FI c K-1e SW K-1f GR a TLD SO K-1h WW K-1j SS b K-1m TLD K-1o TLD K-1q TLD K-1r TLD K-1u WW h K-1v WW h K-2 TLD K-3 GR a TLD SO CF d K-5 GR a TLD K-8 TLD K-9 SW f SS b K-13 WW K-17 TLD K-23a K-23b K-25 TLD K-26 K-27 TLD K-30 TLD K-34 GR a SO CF d K-35 GR a SO CF d K-38 GR a SO CF d K-39 GR a TLD K-43 TLD K-45 CF d a Three times a year, second, third and fourth quarters.

b Collected in May and November.

c Collected in the third quarter.

d First quarter (January, February, March) only.

e Alternate since milk sampling is no longer performed.

f Two samples, raw and treated.

g Frequency may be increased dependent on dust loading.

h Well water shall be taken when this source is tapped for drinking purposes in areas where the hydraulic gradient or recharge properties are suitable for contamination.

Weekly Quarterly Semiannually Annually AP g AP g AP g AP g BLV e BLV e BLV e

5 Table 3. Sample Codes:

Code Description AP Airborne particulates BLV Broad leaf vegetation CF Cattle feed FI Fish GR Grass SO Soil SW Surface water SS Shoreline Sediment TLD Thermoluminescent dosimeter WW Well water

6 2.0 GRAPHS OF DATA TRENDS Note: Conventions used in trending data.

The following conventions should be used in the interpretation of the graphs of data trends:

1. Both solid and open data points may be used in the graphs. A solid point indicates an activity, an open point, a lower limit of detection (LLD) value.

2. Data points are connected by a solid line. A break in the plot indicates missing data.

KPS 7

Air Particulates - Gross Beta Sample for the week ending 10/01/24 was lost in transit to the lab (CR# 2024-1138).

Sample for the week ending 10/01/24 was lost in transit to the lab (CR# 2024-1138).

Figure 2. Location K-1f (weekly samples, 2024).

Figure 3. Location K-2 (weekly samples, 2024).

Figure 4. Location K-8 (weekly samples, 2024).

No Sample for week ending 5/14/24 @ location K-8. GFI circuit tripped. (CR# 2024-0406)

Sample for the week ending 10/01/24 was lost in transit to the lab (CR# 2024-1138).

0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 pCi/m3 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 pCi/m3 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 pCi/m3

KPS 8

Air Particulates - Gross Beta Sample for the week ending 10/01/24 was lost in transit to the lab (CR# 2024-1138).

Figure 5. Location K-43 (weekly samples, 2024).

0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 pCi/m3

KPS 9

Air Particulates - Gross Beta Figure 8. Location K-8 (monthly averages, 2020-2024).

Figure 7. Location K-2 (monthly averages, 2020-2024).

Figure 6. Location K-1f (monthly averages, 2020-2024).

0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/m3 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/m3 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/m3

KPS 10 Air Particulates - Gross Beta Figure 9. Location K-43 (monthly averages, 2020-2024).

0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/m3

KPS 11 Well Water - Gross Alpha Note: An open data point indicates activity less than the lower limit of detection (LLD).

Figure 10. Location K-1h. Total Residue. Quarterly collection.

Figure 11. Location K-1u. Total Residue. Quarterly collection. Sample taken only when source has been tapped for drinking or irrigation purposes.

Figure 12. Location K-1v. Total Residue. Quarterly collection. Sample taken only when source has been tapped for drinking or irrigation purposes.

Sampling initiated 10/02/23.

0 2

4 6

8 10 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/L 0

2 4

6 8

10 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/L 0

2 4

6 8

10 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/L

KPS 12 Well Water - Gross Beta Note: An open data point indicates activity less than the lower limit of detection (LLD).

Figure 13. Location K-1h. Total Residue. Quarterly collection.

Figure 14. Location K-1u. Total Residue. Quarterly collection.

Sample taken only when source has been tapped for drinking or irrigation purposes.

Figure 15. Location K-1v. Total Residue. Quarterly collection.

Sample taken only when source has been tapped for drinking or irrigation purposes.

Sampling initiated 10/03/23.

Figure 16. Location K-13. Total Residue. Quarterly collection.

0 2

4 6

8 10 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 0

2 4

6 8

10 12 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 0

2 4

6 8

10 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 0

2 4

6 8

10 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

KPS 13 Surface Water - Gross Beta Figure 17. Surface water. Middle Creek, Onsite (K-1b).

Figure 18. Surface water. Lake Michigan, condenser discharge, Onsite (K-1d).

Figure 20. Surface water (raw). Lake Michigan, Rostok Intake (K-9)

Figure 19. Surface water. South Creek, Onsite (K-1e).

0 10 20 30 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/L 0

10 20 30 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/L 0

10 20 30 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 0

10 20 30 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/L

KPS 14 Surface Water - H-3 Figure 21. Surface water. Lake Michigan, condenser discharge, K-1d. Quarterly collection.

Figure 22. Surface water. Lake Michigan, Rostok Intake, K-9. Quarterly collection.

0 200 400 600 800 1000 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/L 0

200 400 600 800 1000 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 pCi/L

KPS 15 3.0 DATA TABULATIONS

KPS 16 Table 4. Airborne particulates, analyses for gross beta.

Location: K-1f Units: pCi/m3 Collection: Continuous, weekly exchange.

Date Volume Date Volume Collected (m3)

Gross Beta Collected (m3)

Gross Beta Required LLD 0.010 Required LLD 0.010 01-10-24 311 0.023 +/- 0.011 07-09-24 302 0.017 +/- 0.009 01-16-24 259 0.015 +/- 0.008 07-16-24 302 0.011 +/- 0.006 01-23-24 302 0.026 +/- 0.013 07-23-24 304 0.015 +/- 0.008 01-30-24 301 0.022 +/- 0.011 07-30-24 301 0.018 +/- 0.009 02-06-24 300 0.023 +/- 0.011 08-06-24 304 0.020 +/- 0.010 02-13-24 306 0.023 +/- 0.011 08-13-24 301 0.014 +/- 0.007 02-20-24 300 0.023 +/- 0.011 08-20-24 300 0.018 +/- 0.009 02-27-24 303 0.031 +/- 0.015 08-27-24 309 0.024 +/- 0.012 09-03-24 304 0.011 +/- 0.006 03-05-24 299 0.021 +/- 0.010 03-12-24 303 0.020 +/- 0.010 09-10-24 298 0.019 +/- 0.009 03-19-24 301 0.019 +/- 0.009 09-17-24 301 0.038 +/- 0.018 03-26-24 304 0.015 +/- 0.008 09-24-24 303 0.026 +/- 0.013 04-02-24 397 0.014 +/- 0.007 10-01-24 a

04-09-24 311 0.010 +/- 0.005 10-08-24 305 0.049 +/- 0.023 04-16-24 302 0.012 +/- 0.006 10-15-24 303 0.020 +/- 0.010 04-23-24 301 0.014 +/- 0.007 10-23-24 344 0.027 +/- 0.013 04-30-24 302 0.015 +/- 0.007 10-29-24 260 0.021 +/- 0.010 05-07-24 297 0.009 +/- 0.005 11-05-24 306 0.019 +/- 0.010 05-14-24 311 0.010 +/- 0.005 11-12-24 297 0.023 +/- 0.011 05-21-24 299 0.011 +/- 0.006 11-19-24 305 0.025 +/- 0.012 05-28-24 301 0.014 +/- 0.007 11-26-24 308 0.011 +/- 0.006 12-03-24 299 0.018 +/- 0.009 06-04-24 303 0.019 +/- 0.009 06-11-24 300 0.011 +/- 0.006 12-10-24 303 0.023 +/- 0.011 06-18-24 303 0.018 +/- 0.009 12-17-24 303 0.029 +/- 0.014 06-25-24 301 0.011 +/- 0.006 12-23-24 259 0.023 +/- 0.011 07-02-24 304 0.015 +/- 0.007 12-31-24 343 0.026 +/- 0.012 2nd Quarter Mean +/- s.d.

0.013 +/- 0.003 4th Quarter Mean +/- s.d.

0.024 +/- 0.009 Cumulative Average 0.019 a No Sample. Weekly samples lost in transit to the lab. (CR# 2024-1138)

KPS 17 Table 5. Airborne particulates, analyses for gross beta.

Location: K-2 Units: pCi/m3 Collection: Continuous, weekly exchange.

Date Volume Date Volume Collected (m3)

Gross Beta Collected (m3)

Gross Beta Required LLD 0.010 Required LLD 0.010 01-10-24 311 0.024 +/- 0.011 07-09-24 303 0.018 +/- 0.009 01-16-24 259 0.014 +/- 0.008 07-16-24 301 0.013 +/- 0.007 01-23-24 302 0.021 +/- 0.010 07-23-24 305 0.014 +/- 0.007 01-30-24 301 0.019 +/- 0.009 07-30-24 301 0.018 +/- 0.009 02-06-24 300 0.019 +/- 0.009 08-06-24 305 0.019 +/- 0.009 02-13-24 306 0.017 +/- 0.008 08-13-24 301 0.014 +/- 0.007 02-20-24 300 0.021 +/- 0.010 08-20-24 300 0.020 +/- 0.010 02-27-24 303 0.031 +/- 0.015 08-27-24 305 0.025 +/- 0.012 a

09-03-24 297 0.012 +/- 0.007 03-05-24 299 0.018 +/- 0.009 03-12-24 304 0.018 +/- 0.009 09-10-24 298 0.018 +/- 0.009 03-19-24 301 0.019 +/- 0.009 09-17-24 300 0.037 +/- 0.018 03-26-24 305 0.014 +/- 0.007 09-24-24 303 0.025 +/- 0.012 04-02-24 296 0.017 +/- 0.009 10-01-24 b

04-09-24 310 0.008 +/- 0.005 10-08-24 304 0.047 +/- 0.022 04-16-24 302 0.015 +/- 0.008 10-15-24 303 0.016 +/- 0.008 04-23-24 302 0.012 +/- 0.006 10-23-24 344 0.028 +/- 0.013 04-30-24 301 0.017 +/- 0.008 10-29-24 260 0.019 +/- 0.010 05-07-24 297 0.008 +/- 0.005 11-05-24 306 0.019 +/- 0.009 05-14-24 311 0.012 +/- 0.006 11-12-24 297 0.020 +/- 0.010 05-21-24 299 0.012 +/- 0.006 11-19-24 305 0.025 +/- 0.012 05-28-24 302 0.011 +/- 0.006 11-26-24 308 0.014 +/- 0.007 12-03-24 299 0.019 +/- 0.009 06-04-24 302 0.018 +/- 0.009 06-11-24 300 0.007 +/- 0.005 12-10-24 303 0.023 +/- 0.011 06-18-24 305 0.018 +/- 0.009 12-17-24 302 0.024 +/- 0.012 06-25-24 302 0.011 +/- 0.006 12-23-24 259 0.021 +/- 0.011 07-02-24 303 0.010 +/- 0.005 12-31-24 343 0.021 +/- 0.010 2nd Quarter Mean +/- s.d.

0.012 +/- 0.004 4th Quarter Mean +/- s.d.

0.023 +/- 0.008 Cumulative Average 0.018 a K2 air sampler temporarily lost power due to severe weather. (CR# 2024-0782) b No Sample. Weekly samples lost in transit to the lab. (CR# 2024-1138)

KPS 18 Table 6. Airborne particulates, analyses for gross beta.

Location: K-8 Units: pCi/m3 Collection: Continuous, weekly exchange.

Date Volume Date Volume Collected (m3)

Gross Beta Collected (m3)

Gross Beta Required LLD 0.010 Required LLD 0.010 01-10-24 311 0.021 +/- 0.010 07-09-24 302 0.016 +/- 0.008 01-16-24 259 0.019 +/- 0.010 07-16-24 302 0.018 +/- 0.009 01-23-24 302 0.024 +/- 0.011 07-23-24 303 0.015 +/- 0.007 01-30-24 301 0.019 +/- 0.010 07-30-24 302 0.018 +/- 0.009 02-06-24 300 0.018 +/- 0.009 08-06-24 303 0.020 +/- 0.010 02-13-24 306 0.018 +/- 0.009 08-13-24 301 0.015 +/- 0.008 02-20-24 299 0.027 +/- 0.013 08-20-24 300 0.017 +/- 0.009 02-27-24 303 0.031 +/- 0.015 08-27-24 310 0.030 +/- 0.014 09-03-24 304 0.011 +/- 0.006 03-05-24 299 0.023 +/- 0.011 03-12-24 303 0.017 +/- 0.008 09-10-24 298 0.018 +/- 0.009 03-19-24 301 0.019 +/- 0.010 09-17-24 301 0.037 +/- 0.017 03-26-24 304 0.016 +/- 0.008 09-24-24 303 0.028 +/- 0.014 04-02-24 297 0.016 +/- 0.008 10-01-24 c

04-09-24 234 0.006 +/- 0.004 a

10-08-24 305 0.051 +/- 0.024 04-16-24 302 0.016 +/- 0.008 10-15-24 303 0.017 +/- 0.009 04-23-24 301 0.016 +/- 0.008 10-23-24 344 0.028 +/- 0.013 04-30-24 303 0.018 +/- 0.009 10-29-24 260 0.024 +/- 0.012 05-07-24 298 0.008 +/- 0.004 11-05-24 306 0.016 +/- 0.008 05-14-24 b

11-12-24 297 0.020 +/- 0.010 05-21-24 299 0.012 +/- 0.006 11-19-24 305 0.020 +/- 0.010 05-28-24 301 0.013 +/- 0.007 11-26-24 308 0.013 +/- 0.007 12-03-24 299 0.015 +/- 0.008 06-04-24 304 0.022 +/- 0.011 06-11-24 300 0.008 +/- 0.005 12-10-24 303 0.025 +/- 0.012 06-18-24 303 0.017 +/- 0.008 12-17-24 302 0.025 +/- 0.012 06-25-24 301 0.012 +/- 0.006 12-23-24 259 0.021 +/- 0.011 07-02-24 305 0.013 +/- 0.007 12-31-24 343 0.020 +/- 0.010 2nd Quarter Mean +/- s.d.

0.013 +/- 0.005 4th Quarter Mean +/- s.d.

0.023 +/- 0.010 Cumulative Average 0.019 a Reduced run-time due to power outages in area. (CR# 2024-0304) b No Sample. GFI circuit tripped. (CR# 2024-0406) c No Sample. Weekly samples lost in transit to the lab. (CR# 2024-1138)

KPS 19 Table 7. Airborne particulates, analyses for gross beta.

Location: K-43 Units: pCi/m3 Collection: Continuous, weekly exchange.

Date Volume Date Volume Collected (m3)

Gross Beta Collected (m3)

Gross Beta Required LLD 0.010 Required LLD 0.010 01-10-24 311 0.021 +/- 0.010 07-09-24 301 0.015 +/- 0.008 01-16-24 259 0.020 +/- 0.010 07-16-24 303 0.014 +/- 0.007 01-23-24 302 0.028 +/- 0.014 07-23-24 303 0.014 +/- 0.007 01-30-24 263 0.022 +/- 0.011 a

07-30-24 303 0.022 +/- 0.011 02-06-24 300 0.016 +/- 0.008 08-06-24 303 0.021 +/- 0.010 02-13-24 306 0.016 +/- 0.008 08-13-24 301 0.012 +/- 0.006 02-20-24 300 0.020 +/- 0.010 08-20-24 300 0.021 +/- 0.010 02-27-24 303 0.030 +/- 0.014 08-27-24 310 0.040 +/- 0.019 09-03-24 303 0.016 +/- 0.008 03-05-24 299 0.019 +/- 0.009 03-12-24 303 0.018 +/- 0.009 09-10-24 298 0.021 +/- 0.010 03-19-24 301 0.020 +/- 0.010 09-17-24 301 0.013 +/- 0.007 03-26-24 304 0.015 +/- 0.008 09-24-24 303 0.029 +/- 0.014 04-02-24 297 0.011 +/- 0.006 10-01-24 b

04-09-24 311 0.006 +/- 0.004 10-08-24 305 0.050 +/- 0.023 04-16-24 302 0.014 +/- 0.007 10-15-24 303 0.017 +/- 0.009 04-23-24 301 0.014 +/- 0.007 10-23-24 344 0.028 +/- 0.013 04-30-24 304 0.014 +/- 0.007 10-29-24 260 0.025 +/- 0.012 05-07-24 298 0.011 +/- 0.006 11-05-24 306 0.019 +/- 0.009 05-14-24 308 0.010 +/- 0.005 11-12-24 297 0.020 +/- 0.010 05-21-24 299 0.011 +/- 0.006 11-19-24 305 0.021 +/- 0.010 05-28-24 301 0.010 +/- 0.006 11-26-24 308 0.016 +/- 0.008 12-03-24 299 0.018 +/- 0.009 06-04-24 304 0.017 +/- 0.008 06-11-24 301 0.010 +/- 0.005 12-10-24 303 0.026 +/- 0.013 06-18-24 302 0.015 +/- 0.008 12-17-24 303 0.029 +/- 0.014 06-25-24 302 0.009 +/- 0.005 12-23-24 259 0.023 +/- 0.011 07-02-24 306 0.013 +/- 0.007 12-31-24 343 0.028 +/- 0.014 2nd Quarter Mean +/- s.d.

0.012 +/- 0.003 4th Quarter Mean +/- s.d.

0.025 +/- 0.009 Cumulative Average 0.019 a Reduced run time (1 hr) due to open power supply breaker. (CR# 2700) b No Sample. Weekly samples lost in transit to the lab. (CR# 2024-1138)

KPS 20 Table 8. Airborne particulate data, gross beta analyses, monthly averages, minima and maxima.

January April Location Average Minima Maxima Location Average Minima Maxima Indicators 0.022 0.015 0.028 Indicators 0.013 0.006 0.015 K-1f 0.022 0.015 0.026 K-1f 0.013 0.010 0.015 K-8 0.021 0.019 0.024 K-8 0.014 0.010 0.015 K-43 0.023 0.020 0.028 K-43 0.012 0.006 0.014 Controls 0.020 0.014 0.024 Controls 0.013 0.008 0.017 K-2 0.020 0.014 0.024 K-2 0.013 0.008 0.017 February May Location Average Minima Maxima Location Average Minima Maxima Indicators 0.023 0.016 0.031 Indicators 0.011 0.008 0.014 K-1f 0.025 0.023 0.031 K-1f 0.011 0.009 0.014 K-8 0.024 0.018 0.031 K-8 0.011 0.008 0.013 K-43 0.021 0.016 0.030 K-43 0.011 0.010 0.011 Controls 0.022 0.017 0.031 Controls 0.011 0.008 0.012 K-2 0.022 0.017 0.031 K-2 0.011 0.008 0.012 March June Location Average Minima Maxima Location Average Minima Maxima Indicators 0.017 0.011 0.023 Indicators 0.014 0.008 0.022 K-1f 0.017 0.014 0.020 K-1f 0.015 0.011 0.019 K-8 0.018 0.016 0.023 K-8 0.014 0.008 0.022 K-43 0.016 0.011 0.020 K-43 0.013 0.009 0.017 Controls 0.017 0.014 0.019 Controls 0.013 0.007 0.018 K-2 0.017 0.014 0.019 K-2 0.013 0.007 0.018 Note: Samples collected on the first, second or third day of the month are grouped with data of the previous month.

KPS 21 Table 8. Airborne particulate data, gross beta analyses, monthly averages, minima and maxima, (continued)

July October Location Average Minima Maxima Location Average Minima Maxima Indicators 0.016 0.011 0.022 Indicators 0.030 0.017 0.051 K-1f 0.015 0.011 0.018 K-1f 0.029 0.020 0.049 K-8 0.017 0.015 0.018 K-8 0.030 0.017 0.051 K-43 0.016 0.014 0.022 K-43 0.030 0.017 0.050 Controls 0.016 0.013 0.018 Controls 0.028 0.016 0.047 K-2 0.016 0.013 0.018 K-2 0.028 0.016 0.047 August November Location Average Minima Maxima Location Average Minima Maxima Indicators 0.020 0.011 0.040 Indicators 0.018 0.011 0.025 K-1f 0.017 0.011 0.024 K-1f 0.019 0.011 0.025 K-8 0.021 0.015 0.030 K-8 0.017 0.013 0.020 K-43 0.022 0.012 0.040 K-43 0.019 0.016 0.021 Controls 0.018 0.012 0.025 Controls 0.019 0.014 0.025 K-2 0.018 0.012 0.025 K-2 0.019 0.014 0.025 September December Location Average Minima Maxima Location Average Minima Maxima Indicators 0.026 0.013 0.038 Indicators 0.025 0.020 0.029 K-1f 0.028 0.019 0.038 K-1f 0.025 0.023 0.029 K-8 0.028 0.018 0.037 K-8 0.023 0.020 0.025 K-43 0.021 0.013 0.029 K-43 0.027 0.023 0.029 Controls 0.027 0.018 0.037 Controls 0.022 0.021 0.024 K-2 0.027 0.018 0.037 K-2 0.022 0.021 0.024 Note: Samples collected on the first, second or third day of the month are grouped with data of the previous month.

KPS 22 Table 9. Airborne particulate samples, quarterly composites of weekly samples, analysis for gamma-emitting isotopes.

Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/m3) 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Indicator K-1f Lab Code L106520-1 L108076-1 a Volume (m3) 3885 3963 3629 3934 Be-7 0.135 +/- 0.044 0.194 +/- 0.059 0.180 +/- 0.054 0.138 +/- 0.058 Nb-95

< 0.0052

< 0.0061

< 0.0089

< 0.0082 Zr-95

< 0.0089

< 0.0118

< 0.0164

< 0.0182 Ru-103

< 0.0088

< 0.0199

< 0.0251

< 0.0182 Ru-106

< 0.0196

< 0.0199

< 0.0200

< 0.0319 Cs-134

< 0.0022

< 0.0028

< 0.0026

< 0.0038 Cs-137

< 0.0013

< 0.0015

< 0.0017

< 0.0030 Ce-141

< 0.0134

< 0.0217

< 0.0476

< 0.0242 Ce-144

< 0.0073

< 0.0088

< 0.0112

< 0.0117 K-8 Lab Code L106520-3 L108076-3 a Volume (m3) 3884 3552 3628 3934 Be-7 0.180 +/- 0.052 0.129 +/- 0.082 0.301 +/- 0.063 0.122 +/- 0.056 Nb-95

< 0.0063

< 0.0099

< 0.0076

< 0.0071 Zr-95

< 0.0090

< 0.0162

< 0.0129

< 0.0143 Ru-103

< 0.0141

< 0.0202

< 0.0218

< 0.0121 Ru-106

< 0.0304

< 0.0197

< 0.0191

< 0.0204 Cs-134

< 0.0023

< 0.0023

< 0.0023

< 0.0024 Cs-137

< 0.0023

< 0.0025

< 0.0019

< 0.0020 Ce-141

< 0.0254

< 0.0309

< 0.0387

< 0.0223 Ce-144

< 0.0159

< 0.0119

< 0.0087

< 0.0128 a Composite samples do not include the weekly samples 09/24/24-10/01/24 which were lost in transit to the lab.

(CR# 2024-1138)

L105047-1 L-108594-1 L105047-3 L108594-3

KPS 23 Table 9. Airborne particulate samples, quarterly composites of weekly samples, analysis for gamma-emitting isotopes, (continued).

Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/m3) 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Indicator K-43 Lab Code L106520-2 L108076-2 a Volume (m3) 3843 Be-7 0.179 +/- 0.054 0.149 +/- 0.060 0.273 +/- 0.102 0.089 +/- 0.050 Nb-95

< 0.0074

< 0.0120

< 0.0144

< 0.0062 Zr-95

< 0.0137

< 0.0158

< 0.0192

< 0.0101 Ru-103

< 0.0128

< 0.0230

< 0.0312

< 0.0112 Ru-106

< 0.0192

< 0.0340

< 0.0304

< 0.0213 Cs-134

< 0.0026

< 0.0039

< 0.0035

< 0.0016 Cs-137

< 0.0017

< 0.0033

< 0.0027

< 0.0018 Ce-141

< 0.0189

< 0.0377

< 0.0582

< 0.0169 Ce-144

< 0.0097

< 0.0145

< 0.0126

< 0.0086 Control K-2 Lab Code L106520-4 L108076-4 a Volume (m3) 3885 3935 3619 3934 Be-7 0.141 +/- 0.037 0.164 +/- 0.077 0.193 +/- 0.078 0.122 +/- 0.043 Nb-95

< 0.0062

< 0.0066

< 0.0063

< 0.0067 Zr-95

< 0.0066

< 0.0125

< 0.0112

< 0.0151 Ru-103

< 0.0067

< 0.0139

< 0.0142

< 0.0149 Ru-106

< 0.0164

< 0.0203

< 0.0153

< 0.0225 Cs-134

< 0.0021

< 0.0028

< 0.0018

< 0.0029 Cs-137

< 0.0012

< 0.0020

< 0.0013

< 0.0021 Ce-141

< 0.0121

< 0.0251

< 0.0276

< 0.0284 Ce-144

< 0.0083

< 0.0102

< 0.0072

< 0.0160 a Composite samples do not include the weekly samples 09/24/24-10/01/24 which were lost in transit to the lab.

(CR# 2024-1138) 3627 L105047-2 L105047-4 L108594-4 3938 3934 L108594-2

KPS 24 Table 10. Ambient gamma radiation (TLD), quarterly exposure.

1st Qtr.

2nd Qtr.

3rd Qtr.

4th Qtr.

mR/Qtr Indicator Mean +/- s.d.

K-1f 12.9 14.0 10.8 8.9 11.7 +/- 2.3 K-3 13.2 14.7 15.1 10.1 13.3 +/- 2.3 K-5 14.0 13.7 18.1 10.1 14.0 +/- 3.3 K-8 14.2 13.7 14.5 10.4 13.2 +/- 1.9 K-17 15.8 16.0 16.1 10.4 14.6 +/- 2.8 K-25 15.3 16.0 17.8 11.0 15.0 +/- 2.9 K-27 16.0 16.7 15.1 9.8 14.4 +/- 3.1 K-30 13.4 13.3 15.1 9.8 12.9 +/- 2.2 K-39 15.2 15.0 17.8 12.8 15.2 +/- 2.0 K-43 13.5 13.3 15.1 9.2 12.8 +/- 2.5 Mean +/- s.d.

14.4 +/- 1.1 14.6 +/- 1.2 15.6 +/- 2.1 10.3 +/- 1.1 13.7 +/- 2.3 Control K-2 14.5 15.0 15.8 10.4 13.9 +/- 2.4 Inside the Protected Area a Mean +/- s.d.

K-1m 84.6 84.7 85.4 92.4 86.8 +/- 3.8 K-1o 81.3 83.3 77.1 87.2 82.2 +/- 4.2 K-1q 17.1 17.7 18.4 13.0 16.6 +/- 2.4 K-1r 14.8 14.3 15.1 9.5 13.4 +/- 2.6 Mean +/- s.d.

49.5 +/- 38.7 50.0 +/- 39.3 49.0 +/- 37.4 50.5 +/- 45.4 49.8 +/- 0.6 a 4th Quarter TLD's Inside the Protected Area (ISFSI) were changed out on 01-02-25.

01-02-24 04-01-24 07-01-24 10-01-24 04-01-24 07-01-24 10-01-24 01-09-25

KPS 25 Table 11.

Well water, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, tritium, strontium-90 and gamma-emitting isotopes.

Collection:

Quarterly.

Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/L)

Indicator K-1h Date Collected 01-02-24 04-01-24 07-01-24 10-01-24 Lab Code L103803-1 L104875-3 L106075-1 L107287-16 Gross alpha

< 2.5

< 2.0

< 2.6

< 3.7 Gross beta 5.03 +/- 3.24 4.65 +/- 3.23 3.75 +/- 2.20 3.61 +/- 3.05 H-3

< 184

< 183

< 199

< 187 Sr-90

< 2.2

< 1.9

< 1.3

< 3.4 K-40

< 109

< 130

< 125

< 49 Mn-54

< 9.6

< 5.3

< 9.2

< 2.7 Fe-59

< 8.6

< 11.2

< 10.8

< 6.3 Co-58

< 15.5

< 7.7

< 8.1

< 2.5 Co-60

< 5.7

< 6.8

< 8.2

< 3.2 Zn-65

< 18.1

< 16.0

< 15.1

< 7.1 Zr-Nb-95

< 13.8

< 8.7

< 7.5

< 3.1 Cs-134

< 8.2

< 9.1

< 8.4

< 2.6 Cs-137

< 7.3

< 7.8

< 6.6

< 2.8 Ba-La-140

< 14.3

< 12.7

< 5.5

< 5.3 K-1u Date Collected 01-02-24 04-01-24 07-01-24 10-01-24 Lab Code L103803-2 L104875-2 L106075-2 L107287-15 Gross alpha 2.45 +/- 2.40

< 2.7

< 2.7

< 3.7 Gross beta

< 3.8

< 3.5 2.81 +/- 1.79

< 3.6 H-3

< 193

< 183

< 194

< 188 K-40

< 115

< 131

< 106

< 32 Mn-54

< 4.6

< 6.5

< 6.7

< 1.8 Fe-59

< 15.4

< 20.9

< 10.9

< 3.8 Co-58

< 6.6

< 6.1

< 7.8

< 1.7 Co-60

< 3.9

< 9.8

< 7.6

< 2.0 Zn-65

< 14.7

< 12.6

< 14.1

< 4.0 Zr-Nb-95

< 7.0

< 10.0

< 6.3

< 1.9 Cs-134

< 6.7

< 7.7

< 6.5

< 2.0 Cs-137

< 6.9

< 6.3

< 6.2

< 1.9 Ba-La-140

< 11.3

< 24.1

< 11.8

< 3.0

KPS 26 Table 11.

Well water, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, tritium, strontium-90 and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection:

Quarterly.

Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/L)

Indicator K-1v Date Collected 01-02-24 04-01-24 07-01-24 10-01-24 Lab Code L103803-3 L104875-1 L106075-3 L107287-4 Gross alpha

< 2.3

< 2.9

< 2.2

< 3.7 Gross beta 2.94 +/- 2.29

< 3.7 2.95 +/- 1.87 3.60 +/- 3.03 H-3

< 184

< 184

< 194

< 184 K-40

< 143

< 121

< 127

< 30 Mn-54

< 6.8

< 6.3

< 5.8

< 1.8 Fe-59

< 14.7

< 12.9

< 15.5

< 3.9 Co-58

< 6.1

< 7.8

< 5.8

< 1.8 Co-60

< 5.8

< 7.2

< 6.7

< 2.2 Zn-65

< 14.6

< 16.2

< 11.5

< 4.0 Zr-Nb-95

< 8.7

< 9.3

< 6.6

< 2.0 Cs-134

< 7.5

< 8.5

< 6.3

< 2.1 Cs-137

< 6.8

< 8.1

< 6.5

< 2.0 Ba-La-140

< 9.3

< 11.6

< 10.7

< 3.3 Control K-13 Date Collected 01-02-24 04-01-24 07-01-24 10-01-24 Lab Code L103803-4 L104875-4 L106075-4 L107287-17 Gross beta

< 3.1

< 3.8

< 2.6

< 2.7 H-3

< 194

< 181

< 194

< 184 K-40

< 106

< 115

< 129

< 52 Mn-54

< 7.6

< 5.3

< 7.5

< 3.0 Fe-59

< 14.3

< 12.1

< 15.2

< 6.3 Co-58

< 8.0

< 4.1

< 6.6

< 2.9 Co-60

< 5.6

< 5.6

< 6.8

< 3.7 Zn-65

< 16.8

< 13.3

< 13.3

< 5.8 Zr-Nb-95

< 7.8

< 5.5

< 9.0

< 3.5 Cs-134

< 7.9

< 7.0

< 8.4

< 3.5 Cs-137

< 6.4

< 8.8

< 5.4

< 3.0 Ba-La-140

< 11.2

< 10.7

< 13.5

< 5.2

KPS 27 Table 12.

Broadleaf vegetation samples, analyses for gamma-emitting isotopes.

Annual collection.

Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g wet)

Indicator Location K-23a K-23b Date Collected Lab Code L106548-1 L106548-2 Type Be-7 1.34 +/- 0.43

< 0.351 K-40 3.03 +/- 0.72 4.60 +/- 0.73 Nb-95

< 0.047

< 0.036 Zr-95

< 0.073

< 0.050 Ru-103

< 0.044

< 0.033 Ru-106

< 0.368

< 0.366 Cs-134

< 0.044

< 0.047 Cs-137

< 0.045

< 0.030 Ce-141

< 0.055

< 0.047 Ce-144

< 0.213

< 0.165 Control Location Date Collected Lab Code Type Be-7

< 0.097 K-40 1.35 +/- 0.20 Nb-95

< 0.012 Zr-95

< 0.021 Ru-103

< 0.010 Ru-106

< 0.085 Cs-134

< 0.010 Cs-137

< 0.012 Ce-141

< 0.019 Ce-144

< 0.074 Broad leaf veg.

Broad leaf veg.

08-01-24 08-01-24 Broad leaf veg.

L106959-1 K-26 09-04-24

KPS 28 Table 13. Cattlefeed, analyses for gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes.

Collection: First Quarter Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g wet)

Location Date Collected 01-02-24 01-02-24 01-02-24 Lab Code L103801-1 L103801-2 L103801-7 L103801-8 Type Gross beta 8.96 +/- 4.06 11.80 +/- 5.34 7.03 +/- 3.21 3.18 +/- 1.44 Sr-90 0.022 +/- 0.016 0.008 +/- 0.006 0.011 +/- 0.008 0.018 +/- 0.013 Be-7 2.04 +/- 0.431

< 0.165

< 0.413

< 0.20 K-40 6.47 +/- 0.93 4.04 +/- 0.48 6.35 +/- 0.91 10.20 +/- 0.83 Nb-95

< 0.089

< 0.014

< 0.040

< 0.023 Zr-95

< 0.069

< 0.032

< 0.075

< 0.026 Ru-103

< 0.025

< 0.017

< 0.042

< 0.026 Ru-106

< 0.378

< 0.165

< 0.381

< 0.223 Cs-134

< 0.036

< 0.018

< 0.050

< 0.030 Cs-137

< 0.040

< 0.017

< 0.039

< 0.023 Ce-141

< 0.058

< 0.022

< 0.071

< 0.035 Ce-144

< 0.226

< 0.097

< 0.281

< 0.122 Location Date Collected 01-02-24 01-02-24 01-08-24 01-02-24 Lab Code L103801-3 L103801-4 L103801-5 L103801-6 Type Gross beta 5.34 +/- 2.41 12.50 +/- 5.67 2.49 +/- 1.13 3.22 +/- 1.46 Sr-90

< 0.004

< 0.004

< 0.005 0.006 +/- 0.005 Be-7

< 0.004 1.02 +/- 0.34 0.44 +/- 0.21

< 0.15 K-40 3.60 +/- 0.39 11.00 +/- 1.06 4.25 +/- 0.45 8.02 +/- 0.63 Nb-95

< 0.016

< 0.043

< 0.020

< 0.019 Zr-95

< 0.031

< 0.078

< 0.020

< 0.032 Ru-103

< 0.016

< 0.048

< 0.018

< 0.019 Ru-106

< 0.137

< 0.335

< 0.185

< 0.175 Cs-134

< 0.015

< 0.048

< 0.024

< 0.024 Cs-137

< 0.019

< 0.046

< 0.023

< 0.021 Ce-141

< 0.023

< 0.070

< 0.033

< 0.027 Ce-144

< 0.082

< 0.255

< 0.130

< 0.102 Silage Hay / Haylage Hay / Haylage Silage K-45 K-45 K-34 K-34 Indicator 01-02-24 Hay / Haylage Silage Hay / Haylage Silage Control K-3 K-3 K-35 K-35

KPS 29 Table 13. Cattlefeed, analyses for gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection: First Quarter Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g wet)

Location Date Collected 01-02-24 01-02-24 Lab Code L103801-9 L103801-10 Type Gross beta 21.30 +/- 9.62 2.35 +/- 1.07 Sr-90 0.021 +/- 0.015

< 0.004 Be-7

< 0.48

< 0.19 K-40 15.10 +/- 1.33 3.31 +/- 0.40 Nb-95

< 0.047

< 0.035 Zr-95

< 0.075

< 0.026 Ru-103

< 0.041

< 0.017 Ru-106

< 0.476

< 0.155 Cs-134

< 0.052

< 0.034 Cs-137

< 0.048

< 0.018 Ce-141

< 0.681

< 0.029 Ce-144

< 0.237

< 0.125 Hay / Haylage Silage Indicator K-38 K-38

KPS 30 Table 14. Grass, analyses for gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes.

Collection: Quarterly, April through December Units: pCi/g wet Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g wet)

Indicator Location K-1b K-1f K-5 K-34 Date Collected 06-03-24 06-03-24 06-03-24 06-03-24 Lab Code L105732-1 L105732-2 L105732-5 L105732-7 Gross beta 8.40 +/- 3.80 7.31 +/- 3.31 7.49 +/- 3.40 8.02 +/- 3.63 Sr-90

< 0.004

< 0.005

< 0.004

< 0.004 Be-7

< 0.47 0.51 +/- 0.21 0.64 +/- 0.23 0.83 +/- 0.28 K-40 5.17 +/- 0.97 5.23 +/- 0.66 4.91 +/- 0.70 5.89 +/- 0.64 Mn-54

< 0.046

< 0.027

< 0.034

< 0.033 Co-58

< 0.036

< 0.033

< 0.023

< 0.022 Co-60

< 0.054

< 0.034

< 0.056

< 0.032 Nb-95

< 0.041

< 0.028

< 0.028

< 0.025 Zr-95

< 0.078

< 0.054

< 0.050

< 0.051 Ru-103

< 0.043

< 0.028

< 0.025

< 0.030 Ru-106

< 0.307

< 0.256

< 0.308

< 0.248 Cs-134

< 0.051

< 0.028

< 0.036

< 0.037 Cs-137

< 0.048

< 0.029

< 0.029

< 0.024 Ce-141

< 0.061

< 0.037

< 0.035

< 0.044 Ce-144

< 0.277

< 0.151

< 0.154

< 0.168 Location K-38 K-39 K-3 K-35 Date Collected 06-03-24 06-03-24 06-03-24 Lab Code L105732-8 L105732-6 L105732-3 L105732-4 Gross beta 6.69 +/- 3.03 7.67 +/- 3.47 7.12 +/- 3.23 7.84 +/- 3.55 Sr-90

< 0.004

< 0.004

< 0.004

< 0.004 Be-7 0.44 +/- 0.20 0.78 +/- 0.20 0.63 +/- 0.30 0.83 +/- 0.36 K-40 5.02 +/- 0.64 5.87 +/- 0.74 5.53 +/- 0.69 5.47 +/- 0.89 Mn-54

< 0.023

< 0.034

< 0.034

< 0.037 Co-58

< 0.022

< 0.031

< 0.031

< 0.030 Co-60

< 0.031

< 0.040

< 0.041

< 0.038 Nb-95

< 0.032

< 0.025

< 0.033

< 0.037 Zr-95

< 0.045

< 0.057

< 0.055

< 0.076 Ru-103

< 0.029

< 0.030

< 0.029

< 0.046 Ru-106

< 0.262

< 0.309

< 0.339

< 0.391 Cs-134

< 0.037

< 0.029

< 0.037

< 0.045 Cs-137

< 0.030

< 0.035

< 0.027

< 0.036 Ce-141

< 0.040

< 0.041

< 0.049

< 0.061 Ce-144

< 0.182

< 0.161

< 0.195

< 0.231 Control Indicator 06-03-24

KPS 31 Table 14. Grass, analyses for gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection: Quarterly, April through December Units: pCi/g wet Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g wet)

Indicator Location K-1b K-1f K-5 K-34 Date Collected 08-01-24 08-01-24 08-01-24 08-01-24 Lab Code L106549-1 L106549-2 L106549-4 L106549-5 Gross beta 6.97 +/- 3.18 7.30 +/- 3.33 11.70 +/- 5.31 8.57 +/- 3.90 Sr-90

< 0.004

< 0.004

< 0.005

< 0.004 Be-7 3.02 +/- 0.60 1.78 +/- 0.43

< 0.36 0.93 +/- 0.47 K-40 4.96 +/- 0.94 5.06 +/- 0.99 4.99 +/- 0.87 5.31 +/- 0.85 Mn-54

< 0.041

< 0.054

< 0.037

< 0.037 Co-58

< 0.047

< 0.040

< 0.029

< 0.038 Co-60

< 0.059

< 0.058

< 0.038

< 0.042 Nb-95

< 0.046

< 0.050

< 0.051

< 0.046 Zr-95

< 0.091

< 0.089

< 0.077

< 0.075 Ru-103

< 0.049

< 0.046

< 0.045

< 0.044 Ru-106

< 0.439

< 0.478

< 0.460

< 0.396 Cs-134

< 0.053

< 0.045

< 0.053

< 0.045 Cs-137

< 0.047

< 0.044

< 0.049

< 0.039 Ce-141

< 0.068

< 0.060

< 0.063

< 0.074 Ce-144

< 0.288

< 0.278

< 0.258

< 0.269 Location K-38 K-39 K-3 K-35 Date Collected 08-01-24 08-01-24 08-01-24 08-01-24 Lab Code L106549-3 Gross beta 11.10 +/- 5.07 7.07 +/- 3.22 10.10 +/- 4.57 11.10 +/- 5.00 Sr-90

< 0.004

< 0.004

< 0.005

< 0.004 Be-7 1.33 +/- 0.50 1.64 +/- 0.42 0.85 +/- 0.44 0.85 +/- 0.37 K-40 6.56 +/- 1.21 4.44 +/- 0.79 6.55 +/- 1.00 5.77 +/- 0.77 Mn-54

< 0.061

< 0.048

< 0.039

< 0.034 Co-58

< 0.045

< 0.038

< 0.031

< 0.033 Co-60

< 0.058

< 0.054

< 0.036

< 0.024 Nb-95

< 0.053

< 0.049

< 0.053

< 0.034 Zr-95

< 0.087

< 0.081

< 0.076

< 0.061 Ru-103

< 0.058

< 0.045

< 0.038

< 0.029 Ru-106

< 0.373

< 0.383

< 0.367

< 0.258 Cs-134

< 0.059

< 0.045

< 0.055

< 0.031 Cs-137

< 0.054

< 0.048

< 0.037

< 0.028 Ce-141

< 0.078

< 0.075

< 0.053

< 0.037 Ce-144

< 0.305

< 0.335

< 0.202

< 0.158 Indicator Control

KPS 32 Table 14. Grass, analyses for gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection: Quarterly, April through December Units: pCi/g wet Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g wet)

Indicator Location K-1b K-1f K-5 K-34 Date Collected 10-01-24 10-01-24 10-01-24 10-01-24 Lab Code L107287-1 L107287-2 Gross beta 7.54 +/- 3.44 14.20 +/- 6.45 9.51 +/- 4.32 10.60 +/- 4.81 Sr-90

< 0.004

< 0.004

< 0.004 0.013 +/- 0.009 Be-7 4.15 +/- 0.46 2.21 +/- 0.40 3.92 +/-03.21E-01 0.50 2.30 +/- 0.34 K-40 5.69 +/- 0.70 6.63 +/- 0.82 6.56 +/- 0.88 8.31 +/- 0.70 Mn-54

< 0.034

< 0.035

< 0.048

< 0.034 Co-58

< 0.034

< 0.037

< 0.039

< 0.030 Co-60

< 0.040

< 0.043

< 0.055

< 0.033 Nb-95

< 0.036

< 0.042

< 0.053

< 0.034 Zr-95

< 0.064

< 0.042

< 0.077

< 0.059 Ru-103

< 0.039

< 0.034

< 0.047

< 0.031 Ru-106

< 0.303

< 0.320

< 0.373

< 0.299 Cs-134

< 0.038

< 0.039

< 0.078

< 0.033 Cs-137

< 0.038

< 0.035

< 0.048

< 0.036 Ce-141

< 0.056

< 0.052

< 0.067

< 0.058 Ce-144

< 0.201

< 0.206

< 0.277

< 0.058 Location K-38 K-39 K-3 K-35 Date Collected 10-01-24 10-01-24 10-01-24 10-01-24 Lab Code Gross beta 12.50 +/- 5.68 10.30 +/- 4.70 15.70 +/- 7.11 9.34 +/- 4.23 Sr-90 0.005 +/- 0.004 0.009 +/- 0.006

< 0.005

< 0.004 Be-7 3.82 +/- 0.48 2.59 +/- 0.45 1.80 +/- 0.32 1.11 +/- 0.27 K-40 10.40 +/- 0.83 8.12 +/- 0.92 11.40 +/- 0.90 7.05 +/- 0.69 Mn-54

< 0.041

< 0.045

< 0.033

< 0.032 Co-58

< 0.040

< 0.042

< 0.034

< 0.033 Co-60

< 0.053

< 0.038

< 0.043

< 0.037 Nb-95

< 0.042

< 0.048

< 0.037

< 0.033 Zr-95

< 0.075

< 0.083

< 0.064

< 0.051 Ru-103

< 0.039

< 0.042

< 0.038

< 0.034 Ru-106

< 0.371

< 0.371

< 0.336

< 0.277 Cs-134

< 0.040

< 0.045

< 0.038

< 0.039 Cs-137

< 0.043

< 0.043

< 0.037

< 0.032 Ce-141

< 0.061

< 0.055

< 0.058

< 0.046 Ce-144

< 0.224

< 0.209

< 0.243

< 0.173 Indicator Control

KPS 33 Table 15.

Soil samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes.

Collection: Semiannually Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g dry)

Indicator Location K-1f K-34 K-38 Date Collected 05-02-24 05-02-24 05-02-24 Lab Code L105348-3 L105348-5 Gross alpha 4.57 +/- 3.39 3.06 +/- 2.76 3.58 +/- 2.98 Gross beta 32.4 +/- 14.9 28.5 +/- 13.1 33.7 +/- 15.5 Sr-90

< 0.046

< 0.015

< 0.051 Be-7

< 0.84

< 0.73

< 0.66 K-40 17.2 +/- 2.3 20.4 +/- 2.1 17.1 +/- 2.0 Nb-95

< 0.126

< 0.089

< 0.081 Zr-95

< 0.155

< 0.138

< 0.120 Ru-103

< 0.085

< 0.080

< 0.064 Ru-106

< 0.768

< 0.696

< 0.493 Cs-134

< 0.109

< 0.098

< 0.092 Cs-137

< 0.124

< 0.107

< 0.083 Ce-141

< 0.105

< 0.110

< 0.077 Ce-144

< 0.426

< 0.457

< 0.311 Location K-1f K-34 K-38 Date Collected 10-01-24 10-01-24 10-01-24 Lab Code L107287-9 L107287-12 L107287-13 Gross alpha

< 3.67

< 3.73

< 3.80 Gross beta 24.4 +/- 11.2 28.0 +/- 12.9 31.0 +/- 14.3 Sr-90

< 0.057

< 0.063

< 0.066 Be-7

< 0.31

< 0.85

< 0.63 K-40 19.1 +/- 1.2 17.9 +/- 2.0 20.6 +/- 1.7 Nb-95

< 0.046

< 0.114

< 0.087 Zr-95

< 0.077

< 0.182

< 0.138 Ru-103

< 0.042

< 0.084

< 0.079 Ru-106

< 0.369

< 0.869

< 0.636 Cs-134

< 0.051

< 0.115

< 0.082 Cs-137 0.07 +/- 0.03

< 0.136

< 0.08 Ce-141

< 0.055

< 0.137

< 0.109 Ce-144

< 0.193

< 0.546

< 0.370 L105348-1

KPS 34 Table 15.

Soil samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection: Semiannually Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g dry)

Control Location K-3 K-35 Date Collected 05-02-24 05-02-24 Lab Code L105348-4 Gross alpha 5.68 +/- 3.88 4.89 +/- 3.55 Gross beta 31.8 +/- 14.6 21.5 +/- 10.0 Sr-90

< 0.063

< 0.047 Be-7

< 0.62

< 0.51 K-40 21.6 +/- 2.0 8.8 +/- 1.2 Nb-95

< 0.088

< 0.055 Zr-95

< 0.113

< 0.106 Ru-103

< 0.069

< 0.049 Ru-106

< 0.698

< 0.472 Cs-134

< 0.090

< 0.067 Cs-137

< 0.109

< 0.072 Ce-141

< 0.094

< 0.073 Ce-144

< 0.363

< 0.278 Location K-3 K-35 Date Collected 10-01-24 10-01-24 Lab Code L107287-10 L107287-11 Gross alpha

< 2.07

< 1.29 Gross beta 34.5 +/- 15.8 26.9 +/- 12.4 Sr-90

< 0.065

< 0.065 Be-7

< 0.77

< 0.47 K-40 18.5 +/- 2.2 14.9 +/- 1.4 Nb-95

< 0.112

< 0.064 Zr-95

< 0.161

< 0.111 Ru-103

< 0.084

< 0.062 Ru-106

< 0.745

< 0.506 Cs-134

< 0.108

< 0.067 Cs-137

< 0.12 0.11 +/- 0.05 Ce-141

< 0.126

< 0.078 Ce-144

< 0.443

< 0.272 L105348-2

KPS 35 Table 16. Surface water samples, analyses for gross beta and gamma-emitting isotopes.

Collection: Quarterly Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/L)

Indicator K-1b Date Collected 03-04-24 06-03-24 08-01-24 Lab Code L104538-1 L105732-9 L106550-1 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.5

< 1.5

< 1.7 Dissolved Solids 2.8 +/- 1.7 6.4 +/- 3.5 3.2 +/- 2.1 Total Residue 3.8 +/- 2.5 6.2 +/- 3.9 8.1 +/- 4.8 K-40

< 119

< 118

< 144.0 Mn-54

< 5.9

< 6.7

< 6.9 Fe-59

< 12.6

< 8.5

< 14.3 Co-58

< 5.8

< 7.5

< 6.2 Co-60

< 5.5

< 8.7

< 6.9 Zn-65

< 10.0

< 15.6

< 9.4 Zr-Nb-95

< 6.4

< 6.5

< 6.4 Cs-134

< 6.0

< 7.6

< 7.6 Cs-137

< 5.7

< 4.9

< 7.3 Ba-La-140

< 7.6

< 8.9

< 11.1 K-1d Date Collected 03-04-24 06-03-24 08-01-24 Lab Code L104538-2 L105732-10 L106550-2 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.5

< 2.9

< 1.6 Dissolved Solids 1.3 +/- 1.0 1.3 +/- 1.0 1.7 +/- 1.3 Total Residue 2.7 +/- 2.1 6.4 +/- 3.8 3.3 +/- 2.3 K-40

< 108

< 131

< 98.6 Mn-54

< 5.7

< 7.0

< 5.7 Fe-59

< 17.8

< 14.0

< 12.6 Co-58

< 6.0

< 7.1

< 6.2 Co-60

< 7.1

< 7.9

< 6.7 Zn-65

< 13.1

< 13.9

< 11.5 Zr-Nb-95

< 6.2

< 8.8

< 6.4 Cs-134

< 7.6

< 6.4

< 7.1 Cs-137

< 7.2

< 8.2

< 6.3 Ba-La-140

< 7.6

< 8.1

< 9.7

KPS 36 Table 16. Surface water samples, analyses for gross beta and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection: Quarterly Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/L)

Indicator K-1b Date Collected 11-04-24 Lab Code L107809-1 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.6 Dissolved Solids 6.6 +/- 3.7 Total Residue 9.1 +/- 5.3 K-40

< 137 Mn-54

< 6.2 Fe-59

< 7.0 Co-58

< 4.6 Co-60

< 6.5 Zn-65

< 12.8 Zr-Nb-95

< 5.8 Cs-134

< 7.0 Cs-137

< 5.2 Ba-La-140

< 8.5 K-1d Date Collected Lab Code Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.7 Dissolved Solids 2.1 +/- 1.5 Total Residue

< 2.6 K-40

< 122 Mn-54

< 6.5 Fe-59

< 14.3 Co-58

< 6.8 Co-60

< 4.6 Zn-65

< 16.0 Zr-Nb-95

< 5.7 Cs-134

< 7.5 Cs-137

< 6.9 Ba-La-140

< 7.2 11-04-24 L107809-2

KPS 37 Table 16. Surface water samples, analyses for gross beta and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection: Quarterly Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/L)

Indicator K-1e Date Collected 03-04-24 06-03-24 08-01-24 Lab Code L104538-3 L105732-11 L106550-3 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.5

< 2.4

< 1.6 Dissolved Solids 3.2 +/- 2.1 3.0 +/- 1.9 4.0 +/- 2.5 Total Residue 4.5 +/- 3.2 4.4 +/- 2.8 7.1 +/- 4.4 K-40

< 75.3

< 126

< 114.0 Mn-54

< 3.8

< 7.9

< 6.7 Fe-59

< 14.0

< 18.5

< 11.3 Co-58

< 4.2

< 7.0

< 6.4 Co-60

< 5.8

< 6.0

< 6.5 Zn-65

< 12.6

< 11.1

< 9.8 Zr-Nb-95

< 4.9

< 8.4

< 7.6 Cs-134

< 7.9

< 9.8

< 6.7 Cs-137

< 5.3

< 7.8

< 8.1 Ba-La-140

< 6.2

< 9.7

< 11.3 Date Collected 11-04-24 Lab Code L107809-3 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.7 Dissolved Solids 3.4 +/- 2.1 Total Residue 4.3 +/- 3.2 K-40

< 85.6 Mn-54

< 5.2 Fe-59

< 11.7 Co-58

< 5.7 Co-60

< 7.9 Zn-65

< 11.3 Zr-Nb-95

< 6.1 Cs-134

< 7.0 Cs-137

< 5.7 Ba-La-140

< 9.5

KPS 38 Table 16. Surface water samples, analyses for gross beta and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection: Quarterly Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/L)

Control K-9 (Raw)

Date Collected 03-04-24 06-03-24 08-01-24 Lab Code L104538-4 L105732-13 L106550-4 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.5

< 2.3

< 1.6 Dissolved Solids 2.0 +/- 1.3 2.1 +/- 1.3

< 1.6 Total Residue 2.9 +/- 2.0

< 3.8

< 2.2 K-40

< 49.9

< 76.4

< 100.0 Mn-54

< 7.2

< 4.8

< 4.2 Fe-59

< 12.9

< 9.8

< 9.4 Co-58

< 6.9

< 4.8

< 4.0 Co-60

< 7.5

< 5.3

< 6.4 Zn-65

< 16.5

< 8.6

< 11.8 Zr-Nb-95

< 6.7

< 4.4

< 5.8 Cs-134

< 8.1

< 5.3

< 5.5 Cs-137

< 8.1

< 4.8

< 5.6 Ba-La-140

< 9.0

< 8.3

< 10.0 K-9 (Tap)

Date Collected 03-04-24 06-03-24 08-01-24 Lab Code L104538-5 L105732-12 L106550-5 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.5

< 2.3

< 1.6 Dissolved Solids

< 1.3 1.8 +/- 1.2

< 1.5 Total Residue 2.4 +/- 1.9

< 3.9

< 2.2 K-40

< 114

< 102

< 100.0 Mn-54

< 4.1

< 8.9

< 6.2 Fe-59

< 11.4

< 17.8

< 12.7 Co-58

< 7.1

< 7.7

< 5.6 Co-60

< 9.8

< 8.5

< 4.8 Zn-65

< 10.5

< 12.2

< 10.5 Zr-Nb-95

< 7.6

< 7.1

< 5.8 Cs-134

< 6.8

< 8.3

< 7.1 Cs-137

< 7.7

< 7.9

< 7.4 Ba-La-140

< 9.9

< 12.3

< 11.4

KPS 39 Table 16. Surface water samples, analyses for gross beta, potassium-40, and gamma-emitting isotopes (continued).

Collection: Quarterly Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/L)

Control K-9 (Raw)

Date Collected 11-04-24 Lab Code L107809-4 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.6 Dissolved Solids 2.1 +/- 1.5 Total Residue

< 2.5 K-40

< 62.4 Mn-54

< 5.0 Fe-59

< 7.0 Co-58

< 5.0 Co-60

< 4.9 Zn-65

< 10.6 Zr-Nb-95

< 5.3 Cs-134

< 5.3 Cs-137

< 5.0 Ba-La-140

< 5.8 K-9 (Tap)

Date Collected 11-04-24 Lab Code L107809-5 Gross beta Suspended Solids

< 1.6 Dissolved Solids 3.4 +/- 2.0 Total Residue

< 2.5 K-40

< 99.3 Mn-54

< 7.0 Fe-59

< 12.8 Co-58

< 6.3 Co-60

< 6.0 Zn-65

< 12.1 Zr-Nb-95

< 5.3 Cs-134

< 6.8 Cs-137

< 5.4 Ba-La-140

< 11.3

KPS 40 Table 17. Surface water, analyses for tritium and strontium-90.

Location and Concentration pCi/L Collection Date Lab Code H-3 Sr-90 Indicator K-1b 3/4/2024 L104538-1

< 196

< 2.2 6/3/2024 L105732-9

< 189

< 5.5 8/1/2024 L106550-1

< 188

< 1.5 11/4/2024 L107809-1

< 188

< 3.6 K-1d 3/4/2024 L104538-2

< 190

< 2.1 6/3/2024 L105732-10

< 191

< 2.4 8/1/2024 L106550-2

< 190

< 1.8 11/4/2024 L107809-2

< 187

< 4.1 K-1e 3/4/2024

< 194

< 1.6 6/3/2024

< 196

< 2.5 8/1/2024 L106550-3

< 188

< 1.6 11/4/2024

< 190

< 2.8 Control K-9 3/4/2024 (Raw)

L104538-4

< 191

< 1.8 3/4/2024 (Tap)

L104538-5

< 194

< 2.4 6/3/2024 (Raw)

L105732-13

< 190

< 3.2 6/3/2024 (Tap)

L105732-12

< 189

< 2.8 8/1/2024 (Raw)

L106550-4

< 194

< 1.9 8/1/2024 (Tap)

L106550-5

< 191

< 3.4 11/4/24 (Raw)

L107809-4

< 188

< 3.0 11/4/24 (Tap)

L107809-5

< 189

< 3.2 L104538-3 L107809-3 L105732-11

KPS 41 Table 18.

Fish, collected at K-1d, analyses for gross beta, and strontium-90 and gamma-emitting isotopes.

Collection: Annually Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g wet)

Collected 08-24-24 Lab Code L106957-1 L106957-2 Type Portion Flesh Bones Gross beta 5.65 +/- 2.56 3.58 +/- 1.64 Sr-90 NAa

< 0.03 K-40 4.47 +/- 0.91 NAa Mn-54

< 0.057 NAa Fe-59

< 0.157 NAa Co-58

< 0.049 NAa Co-60

< 0.067 NAa Cs-134

< 0.049 NAa Cs-137

< 0.046 NAa a NA = Not analyzed; analyses not required.

KPS 42 Table 19.

Shoreline sediment samples, analyses for gross beta and strontium-90, and gamma-emitting isotopes.

Collection: May and November Sample Description and Concentration (pCi/g dry)

Indicator Control Location K-1C K-1J K-9 Collection Date 05-02-24 05-02-24 Lab Code L105349-1 L105349-2 L105349-3 Gross beta 8.07 +/- 4.00 8.24 +/- 4.08 9.80 +/- 4.75 Sr-90

< 0.053

< 0.064

< 0.057 K-40 5..03 +/- 0.93 6.41 +/- 0.84 8.37 +/- 1.25 Co-58

< 0.051

< 0.039

< 0.052 Co-60

< 0.063

< 0.107

< 0.052 Cs-134

< 0.066

< 0.039

< 0.064 Cs-137

< 0.062

< 0.049

< 0.060 Location K-1C K-1J K-9 Collection Date 11-04-24 11-04-24 Lab Code L107810-1 L107810-2 L107810-3 Gross beta 9.23 +/- 4.79 12.8 +/- 6.25 10.1 +/- 5.1 Sr-90

< 0.065

< 0.058

< 0.066 K-40 4.70 +/- 0.90 7.35 +/- 1.20 7.91 +/- 1.21 Co-58

< 0.052

< 0.069

< 0.052 Co-60

< 0.061

< 0.074

< 0.063 Cs-134

< 0.067

< 0.064

< 0.058 Cs-137

< 0.065

< 0.067

< 0.060 11-04-24 05-02-24

2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Kewaunee Power Station Part III, Condition Reports