ML20115K145

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in Situ Survey Gpu Facility & Surrounding Area Saxton,Pa
ML20115K145
Person / Time
Site: Saxton File:GPU Nuclear icon.png
Issue date: 09/30/1996
From: Hoover R, Mitchell C, Tipton W
EG&G, INC.
To:
Shared Package
ML20115K054 List:
References
DOE-ONS-8806, NUDOCS 9607250238
Download: ML20115K145 (16)
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Text

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l ATTACHMENT 2

, REFERENCE 6 DOE /ONS-8806 Asa4a ENERGYMEASUREMENTS **'**'

SUPPORTS QUESTION 78 RESPONSE IN SITU SURVEY GENERAL PUBLIC UTILITIES FACILITY l AND SURROUNDING AREA SAXTON, PENNSYLVANIA i

I DATE OF SURVEY: JUNE 1988 R. A. Hoover Project Scientist REVIEWED BY W. J. Tipton/ Assistant Manager Remote Sensing Laboratory This Document is UNCLASSIFIED

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l C. K. Mitchell Classification Officer This work was perf ormed by EG&G/EM for the United States Department of Energy, Nevada Operations l

1 Office, under Contract No. DE-AC08-88NV10617.

i 9607250238 960718 l PDR ADOCK 05000146 P PDR

ABSTRACI' j

in 1972, the Saxton Steam Electric Plant and the Saxton Nuclear Experimentel Corporation  ;

j (SNEC), located in Saxton, Pennsylvania, were closed down by their parent company, Ger.?ral )

3 Public Utilities (GPU). The turn-of-the-century, coal-fired plant and the 22-megawatt test reactor l

were located on the same site and shared the power-generating turbines. Approximately one year f

after the shutdown, the buildings housing the boilers and turbines for the coal-fired plant were 1

dismantled.

In 1987, GPU conducted a radiation survey of the land within the on-site restricted area.The results of the survey indicated abnormal concentrations of cesium-137 and detectable amounts of another radioactive by-product material (Co-60). The radioactive material appeared to be ]

incorporated in a dark granular substance. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Radiation Protection (DER), became interested in determining whether these materials may have been dispersed into off-site areas by natural processes.1 The Pennsylvania DER contacted the Department of Energy which,in turn, contacted EG&G Energy Measurements, Inc. (EG&G/EM). EG &G/EM serial operations was tasked with determining the feasibility of conducting an aerial survey over the Saxton area. From 13 June through 28 June 1988, a technical team from EG&G/EM took ground-based in situ measurements at the power station and other sites to evaluate the situation. Twenty-eight sites were surveyed. Off-site readings indicated that any deviations from the expected Os-137 levels were probably below the detectability of an aerial survey.

. 1 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ....... ... . ..... ..... ...... .. .. ... . ....... .. .. Il 1

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . ..... .............. ...... ... . . . . ..

1

2. SITE DESCRIPTION .... . .................. .................. ....
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES . ........... ........................... 2 i 4. R E SU LTS . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. 7
5.

SUMMARY

....... ..................................... ... ...... 9 i

APPENDIX A Site Azimuths and Distances .............................10 i

12 R EFER ENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................

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e DISTRIBUTION . .....................................................

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Page l Figure 1 Ground-Based Measurement Locations for the June 1988 Survey of the i 3 GPU Facility in Saxton, Pennsylvania . .. ... .. . ... . ....

2 Ground Based Measurement Locations for the June 1988 Survey of the l .'. 4 GPU Facility in Saxton, Pennsylvania . . ..... ........ . .. ......

! 3 Ground-Based Measurement Locations for the June 1988 Survey of the GPU Facility in Saxton, Pennsylvania . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . 5 4

4 Ground-Based Measurement Locations for the June 1988 Survey of the GPU Facility in Saxton,. Pennsylvania . . . ...... ...... . ...... . ... .. 6

$ TABLES 1

4 Page Tatne

...... . . 8 1 Results of Ground-Based Measurements . . .... ....

...... 11 A-1 Relative Azimuths and Distances for Ground Measurements From Site Center I

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1. INTRODUCTION l l i

l In 1972, operations at the Saxton Steam Electric Plant and the Saxton Nuclear Experimental

! Corporation (SNEC), located in Saxton, Pennsylvania, were terminated by their parent company,

)

l General Public Utilities (GPU). The turn-of-the-century, coal-fired plant and the 22-megawatt test i reactor were located on the same site and shared the turbine generators. The nuclear reactor was i

rated at 7 megawatts electrical energy (22 megawatts thermal). Approximately one year after the l

shutdown, the buildings housing the boilers and' turbines for the coal-fired plant were dismantled. l In late 1987, GPU conducted a radiation survey of the restricted area on site,which showed a greater-than-normal background activity of cesium-137 (Cs-137) as well as detectable amounts of another radioactive by-product material (Co-60). The radioactive material appeared to be 1

incorporated in a dark granular substance. The Pennsylvania Bureau of Radiation Protection, Department of Environmental Resources (DER), was concerned that the contaminated black material could have been dispersed to off-site areas by natural forces over the years since I

operations had ceased. The DER contacted-the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) requesting assistance in evaluating the extent,in any, of off-site Cs-137 contamination, possibly through the use of an aerial survey. DOE responded by tasking EG&G Energy Measurements, Inc.

(EG&G/EM) to determine the feasibility of an aerial survey.

EG&G/EM aerial operations dispatched a field team to the Saxton area to make in situ measurements to determine the relative Cs-137 concentrations. The measurements were made in June 1988.

2. SITE DESCRIPTION The Saxton facility is located in a narrow river valley on the southernmost portion of Raystown Lake (formerly known as the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River). The prevailing winds at the site flow from the southwest to the northeast, up the valley. Since the site is so 1

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hesyily influenced by the surrounding terrain, it is unlikely that any contaminated material would f have escaped the valley under normal weather conditions. l

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3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES i

l The in situ measurements were made with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. During June 13 through 16. the measurements were made with a 45% germanium detector at a height of 4

either 62 cm (25 inches) or 112 cm (44 inches) above the ground. The measurements taken on l

f' June 28 were made with a 20% detector at a height of either 71 cm (28 inches) or 122 cm (48 l inches). A 600-second count time was used f or measurements made with the 45% detector, and a 1200-second count time was used for measurements made with the 20% detector. At the start of each day, a 120-second calibration spectrum was taken. The estimated lower level of detectability

, (LLD) for the two detectors is approximately 0.03 picocuries per gram (pCl/g) for the 45% detector

! and 0.07 pCl/g for the 20% HPGe detector. Details on the calibration and use of HPGe in situ i

systems can be found in References 2 and 3.

i To make the in situ measurements, the team tried to locate sites that preferably were l grass-covered and that had been undisturbed since at least 1970. At several sites, measurements were made under conditions that did not meet these criteria. The locations chosen for the measurements are indicated on Figures 1-4.

The town of Saxton was lkeavily sampled to ensure that there was no significant contamination in that crea. Measurements were also niade at the SNEC site. Two reference measurements were made in the restricted area ci the facility to determine what contaminants I were present. Five other measurements taken on the property were made outside the restricted 1

portion of ths plant.

Since the prevailing winds are from the southwest to the northeast, several samples were taken nortneast of the plant, up the valley. This was the most likely area where elevated levels of radiation would be seen if the material had been transported by wind. Some of the sites in this 2

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PENNSYLVANIA. Region surrounding the River Valley, Sites 16 to 21. 23 end 28.

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valley could not be verified as having lain undisturbed for all this period. Sites were chosen as sample sites based on information contained on U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) topographic maps. l At the time of the maps' preparation (about 1963), these locations were listed as open areas. j Additional measurements were made in other areas to take into account the influence of atypical weather conditions. These measurements were made on top of the ridges on either side of the valley, to the west and east of Saxton, and at three locations south of Saxton (two at Warrior's Path State Park and one in Hopewell, Pennsylvania). These measurements were taken to ensure that a measurable amount of material had not been dispersed in a different direction from the one j

assumed. The measurement at Hopewell was considered a background measurement.

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l 4.0 RESULTS l l

1 Results of the in situ measurements are presented in Table 1. Site 5, located within the restricted area at the SNEC site, is the only location where the measured values deviate significantly from those observed at the other locations. The other measurement made at the I former SNEC location (Site 6) also showed slightly elevated activity. Deleting these two on-site measurements, the average f or the other 25 locations where detectable Cs-137 was measured was 0.58 pCi/g with a standard deviation of 0.29 'pCi/g. This average value is typical of worldwide fallout found within the United States 4. The variations observed, from approximately 0.1 to 1.0 pCi/g, are also typical of variations found in most areas due to local differences in weathering effects. The results obtained upwind of the site, Locations 26-28, were consistent with those obtained downwind, in addition, the measurements made around the edge of the site, Locations l

i 7-11, were consistent with those made well away from the facility.

The highest value measured off site was at Location 12. Although this value (1.28 pCi/g) is within the range occasionally f ound f rom worldwide f allout, the f act that it is less than a kilometer f rom the site and in the downwind direction makes it somewhat suspicious. Additional measure-l ments in this area, as well as between this location and the site boundary, should be made to

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! determine if this slightly higher value.might be related to activity on the site.

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Table 1. Results of Ground-Based Measurements Detector Estimated Cs-137 Estimated Cs-137

( Exposure I i Measurement Height Concentration 2 Sitet ! Date (cm) (pCl/c) (uR/h) 1 6/13 112 0.4260.03 0.3 j

6/13 112 0.20 0.02- 0.1 2 l 6/13 62 0.08 0.02 0.05

! 3 i 4 i 6/13 112 0.33 0.02 0.2 5

3 j 6/14 62 26.5 0.2 16.7 one/M 1.50 0.04 0.9 68 I 6/14 62 6/14 112 0.70 0.03 0.4 7

6/14 112 0.63 0.03 0.4 8

! 6/14 112 0.07 0.02 0.04 9

6/14 62 0.81 0.03 0.5 10 6/15 112 0.92 i 0.03 0.6 11 l' 6/15 112 1.28 0.04 0.8 12 13 4 6/15 112 0.36 0.03 0.2 62 0.43 0.03 0.3 14 6/15 15 6/15 62 0.55 0.03 0.3 6/15 112 <0.03 < .02 16 6/15 112 0.63 0.03 0.4 17 6/15 62 0.44 0.03 0.3 18 6/16 62 0.46 i 0.03 0.4 19 6/16 62 0.94 0.04 0.6 20

6/16 62 ' O.46 0.03 0.3 21 22  ! 6/16 62 0.23 0.02 0.1 23 6/28 71 0.68 0.06 0.4 l

71 0.72 0.05 0.5 24 l 6/28 122 0.97 0.06 0.6 25 6/28 26 l 6/28 71 0.79 0.05 0.5 71 0.60 0.05 0.4 27 6/28 6/28 71 0.70 0.05 0.4 28

' See Figures 1-4 ,

O 2 Error term due to counting statistics 3 On-site 8

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5.

SUMMARY

With the exception of the measurements made on the plant property, the in situ measure-ments showed no indication of Cs-137 at levels greatly above normal background. The measurements made on the perimeter of t,he facility did not deviate significantly from the measurements made outside the plant boundaries. There was an indication of a slight increase in activity near the site in the downwind direction (Site 12). Additionalin situ measurements would proba'bly prove more useful than an aerial survey to detemine if there actually is an increase in activity near the site resulting from past operations of the SNEC facility. For an aerial survey, i

cesium-137 activity exceeding 1.5 to 2.0 pCi/g over the field of view of the aircraft (approximately i

j 30,000 to 40,000 sq meters at a typical survey altitude of 45 meters) would be required to be detectable as an anomaly. An aerial survey, however, may be beneficial in assunng that no i

i significant localized contamination exists as a result of bulk removal of contaminated material from the site. For localized contamination, Cs-137 activity equivalant to approximately a 0.5 to 1.0 i

mCl point' source would be required to be detectable. This would equate to approximately 50 to i

' 100 pCl/g over a 100-square-meter area. The actual minimum detectability is a function of survey l altitude and the background radiation environment of the survey area.

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2

. Table A-1. . Relative Azimuths and Distances for Ground Measurements From Site Center Site Azimuth Distance in Feet 1 195 5,250 2 169 4,750 3 182 4,250 4 164 3,750 5 on-site -

6 on-site -

7 221 500 8 329 500 9 90 500 j

10 32 750 147 1,250

) 11 12 54 2,250 ,

i 13 53 6.750 27.5 7,100

' '14 15 22 ,

6,500 i

16 31 36,400 i

17 31.5 24,250 18 21 42,100 7

19 41.5 83,000 20 41.5 83,000 21 47 25,600 22 102 8,000 23 15 15,500 24 26 11,250 25 218.5 11,500 26 208 11,500 27 231 5,500 28 187 23,500 i

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. I REFERENCES I

1. Reilly, M.A. June 16,1989. Personal Communication. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Resources, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
2. Tipton, W.J., et al.1981. An In Situ Determination of Am 241 on Enewetak Atoll. Report No. EGG-1183-1778. Las Vegas, NV: EG&G/EM.
3. Reiman, R.T.1983. In Situ Gamma Analysis Support for Phase IMiddlesex Cleanup Project.

Report No. EGGe10282-1003. Las Vegas, NV: EG&G/EM.

4. Mohr. R, and Franks, L.1981. Cesium-137 Concentrations Around Selected Nuclear Power Sites.

Report No. EGG-1183-2437. Santa Barbara, CA: EG&G/EM.

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