ML20079N253
| ML20079N253 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Cooper  |
| Issue date: | 11/11/1991 |
| From: | NEBRASKA PUBLIC POWER DISTRICT |
| To: | |
| References | |
| RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, NUDOCS 9111110131 | |
| Download: ML20079N253 (359) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:-- dvefe.Y 3fer CNS - 316a & b TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter P_an LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 11 1 IST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . vi
1.0 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . 1.0-1 2.0 THE SITE . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 2.0-1 2.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MISSOURI RIVER AND AQUATIC BIOTA NEAR COOPER NUCLEAR STATION , . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 2.0-1 3.0 Tite STATION . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 3.0-1 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF STATION OPERATION . . . . . . 4.0-1 4.1 OPERATIONAL HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 4.0-1 4.2 ENGINEERING AND HDROLOGY DATA . . . . . . .. . 4.0-24 4.3 EFFECTS OF STATION OPERATION AND CHEMICAL D WATER QUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. 4.0-65 4.4 EFFECTS OF STATION OPERATION ON EXISTING BIOTA . . 4.0-85 4.5
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . .. . . . . 4.0-215 Appendices 4.2A COPIES OF COMMUNICATIONS WITH REGULATORY AGENCIES . . . 4.2A-1 4.4A REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS ANL ..IFE HISTORIES OF SELECTED FISH SPECIES . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 4.4A-1 l l 9111110NUREGM1 911111 PDR 1437 C l PDR
l l ! CNS - 316a & b I LIST OF FIGURES O Caption Page 2.0-1 Site of Cooper Nuclear Station along the Missouri River in Nemaha County, Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0-8 2.1-1 Me.an daily river flow of the Missouri River et Nebraska City, Nebraska 1972-1974 (U. S. Department of Interior 1972, 1973, 1974a, 1974b) . . . . 2.0-9 2.1-2 Map of the Missouri River in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station indicating placement of channel improvement structures and sampling loca tions f or the postoperational site studies . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0-10 3.0-1 Site characteristics at Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-3 4.2-1 Seasonal composite and variatione of wind distributions, Cooper Nuclear Station 1970-1973 . . . . 4.0-36 4.2-2 Seasonal composite and variations of wind distributions, Cooper Nuclear Station 1970-1973 . . . . 4.0-37 4.2-3 Depth profiles of selected transects across the 0 Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station. Depth sounding locations are represented by filled circles (Depth scale: 1 mm = 1 m). . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-38 4.2-4 Site characteristics at Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, Nebraska . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-39 4.2-5 Cross sections of the discharge canal at Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, Nebraska . . . . . . . . . 4.0-40 4.2-6 Time-temperature relationships for the thermal discharge at Cooper Nuclear Station on the Missouri River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-41 4.2-7 Mean daily heat rejected f rom Cooper Nuclear Station near the Missouri River (RM 532.2) for the months of September 1974 and January 1975. (100 percent = 134.4 x 109 BTU). . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-42 4.2-8 Mean monthly heat rejected from Cooper Nuclear Station near the Missouri River (RM 532.2) for the year July 1974 - July 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-43 11
CNS - 316a & b G LIST OF FICURES (continued) ~} No. Caption Page 4.2-9 Excess temperature isntherms near Cooper Nuclear Station on the Missouri River for the thermal plume survey on 30 April 1975. Temperatures are in degrees fahrenheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-44 4.2-10 Excess temperature isotherns near Cooper Puclear Station on the Missouri River for the thermal plume survey on 30 May 1975. Temperatures are in degrees fahrenheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-45 4.2-11 Excess temperature isotherms near Cooper Nuclear Station on the Missouri River for the thermal plume survey on 22 August 1974. Temperatures are in degrees fahrenheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-61 4.2-12 Excess temperature isotherms near Cooper Nuclear Station on the Missouri River for the thermal lume survey on 28 July 1975. Temperatures are n degrees fahrenheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-47 lll 4.2-13 Excess temperature isotherms near Cooper Nuclear Station on the Missouri River for the thermal plume survey on 23 January 1975. Temperatures are in degrr a fahrenheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-48 4.2-14 Excess temperature isotherms near Cooper Nuclear Station on the Missouri River for the thermal plume survey on 17 October 1974. Temperatures are in degrees fahrenheit . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-49 4.2-15 Immediate Discharge Area for Cooper Nuclear Station . . 4.0-50 4.4-1 Phytoplankton abundance at sampling locations in the Missouri River upstream (RM 534) and downstream (RM 532) f rom Cooper Nuclear Station, May-November 1972, 1973 and 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-134 4.4-2 Percent composition of major phytoplankton groups at sampling locations in the Missouri River upstream (RM 534) and downstream (RM 537) from Cooper Nuclear Station, May-Nuvember 1972, 1973 and 1974 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-135 4.4-3 Mean daily river flow of the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebraska, during sampling periods, 1972-1974 (U. S. Department of Interior 1972a, G 1972b, 1973, 1974) . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 4.0-136 iii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o
CNS - 316a & b O LIST OF FIGURES (continued) No. C ap ti on Page 4.4-4 Mean fall and winter effects of condenser passage on phytoplanktoa viability recorded during entrainment studies at Cooper Nuclear Station. Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories Inc. (unpublished data) and Rectz (1975) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 4.0-137 4.4-5 Mean spring and summer effects of condenser passage on phytoplankton viability recorded during entrainment studies at Cooper Nuclear Station. Data collected by ' Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, In , (unpublished data) and Reetz (1975) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-138 4.4-6 Mean monthly abundance (No. x 103/m3 ) of copepod zooplankters collected f rom the Missouri River upstream (RM 534), downstream (RM 532) and as the edge of the allowable mixing zone (RM 530.9), Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, Nebraska (Larson and Alberico 1975; Repsys 1975; Industrial BID-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1973, unpublished data) . . . . . . 4.0-139 4.4-7 Mean monthly abundance (No. x 103/m3) of cladoceran zooplankters collected from the Missouri River lll upstream (RM 534), downstream (RM 532) and at the edge of the allowable mixing zone (RM 530.9), Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, Nebraska (Larson and Alberico 1975; Repsya 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1973, unpublished data) . . . .. 4.0-140 4.4-8 Mean monthly abundance (No. x 10 3 /m3 of rotif er zooplankters collected from the Missouri River upstream (RM 534), downstream (RM 532) and at the edge of the allowable mixing zone (RM 530.9), Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, Nebraska (Larson and Alberico 1975: Repsys 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratsries, Inc. unpublished data) . . . . . . . . . 4.0-14) 4.4-9 Average water temperatures computed twice monthly at cacroinvertebrate and periphyton sampling locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - October 1972 (Farrell 1975) . . . . . 4.0-142 4.4-10 Average water temperatures computed twice monthly at macroinvertebrate and periphyton sampling locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - October 1973 (Farrell 1975) . . . . . 4.0-143 e iv w
1 CNS - 316a & b i O-LIST OF FIGURES (continued) I
,N o . . Capi;i on Page 4.4-11 ' Average water temperatures computed twice mo'ithly !
at macroinvertebrate and periphyton sampling locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear ' Station, May - November 1974 (Farrell 1975) . . . . . . 4.0-144 _I 4.4-12 Adult _and larval fish sampling locations in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear, Station, Missouri River . . . . . . . 4.0-145 4.4-13 Numbers and diversity of fish collected from each *
-sampling location by cicctroshocking near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1973, 197_4, and May - July 1975 . . . 4.0-146 4'.4-14 Species diversity _ indices of fish collected by electroshocking near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1971 and 1974. (Data obtained from C. R. Wallace,
- Nebraska Came and- Parks Commission, unpublished data.) . . . ..... . . . - , . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-147 4.4-15 Numbers and diversity of fish collected from r.ach sampling location by seining near Cooper l'uclear Station, May - November 1973 and 1974 . . . . . '4.0-148 4.4-16' Species diversity-indices of fish collected by seining near Cooper Nuclear Station,1971 and 1974.- (bata obtained from C. R. Wallace. Nebraska Game and Parka Commission, unpublished _ data)- . .- . . . 4.0-149 o
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CNS - 316a 6 b O LIST OF TABLES No. Caption Page 2.1-1 Ranges for selected water quality parameters from the Missouri River upstream of Cooper Nuclear Station. . 2.0-11 2.1-2 Phytoplankton taxa collected from the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, May 1972 through F e b ru a ry 19 7 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0-12 2.1-3 List of zooplankton taxa reported from the Missouri River near Ceoper Nuclear Station, 1972-1974 . . .. . . ' 2. 0-2 6 2.1-4 Periphytic algal taxa collected from artificial substrates in the Missouri River near Coopet Nuclear Station, June 1973 through November 1974 . . . . 2.0-28 2.1-5 Scientific and common names of fishes reported from the Missouri River between Gavins Point Dem and Rulo, Nebraska. All species were encountered in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station except those indicated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0-34 4.1-1 Mean daily percent (%) operating level of Cooper h Nuclear Station based on design capacity (778 MWe-net) 1 July 1974 - 31 July 1975 . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-6 4.1-2 Daily river temperatures, discharge canal temper-atures, AT (F) and discharge flow at Cooper Nuclear Station, 1 July 1974 - 1 August 1975 . . . . . . 4.0-7 4.1-3 Water Quality Standards of the State of Nebraska and Environmental Technical Specifications of ti.e Cooper Nuclear Station applicable to the Missouri River . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 4.0-21 4.1-4 Record of major power outages (50 hours or more) at Cooper Nuclear Station which resulted in complete stoppage of discharged heat, 1 July 1974 - 1 August 1975 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 4.0-23 4.2-1 Mean discharge (cfs) of the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebraska (1965-1974) . . . . . .. . . . 4.0-51 4.2-2 Current velocities (fps) of the Missouri River in the vicinity of Cooper hoclear Station, May 1973 - July 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4.0-52 vi O
CNS - 316a 6 b O LIST OF TABLES (continued)
- 20. Caption Page 4.2-3 Weekly ambient water temperatures (r) from the Missouri River at Hebraska City, Nebraska (1965-1974) . . . . . 4.0-53 4.2-4 Mean ambient water temperatures (F) f rom the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebraska (1965-1974) . . . . . 4.0-54 4.2-5 Daily mean, mean . maximum, and mean minimum temper-atures at Auburn, Nebraska, 1899-1960 . . . . . . . . 4.0-55 4.2-6 Joint frequency table of wind speed and wind direction, Cooper Nuclear Station, March 1970 to February 1974 . 4.0-56 4.2-7 Monthly mean and maximum wind speed at Omaha, Nebraska, 89 years of record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-57 4.2-8 rrecipitation statistics for Auburn, Nebraska, 1875 to 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-58 4.2-9 Monthly uean wet bulb temperature and relative humidity at Auburn, Nebraska, 1899-1960 . . . . . .. 4.0-59 O 4.2-10 Mean mo*thly cloud cover and solar radiation statistics for Lincoln, Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-60 4.2-11 Average cooling water use under d!iferent load levels at Cooper Nuclear Station during the first 13 months of operation,1 July 1974 through 31 July 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-61 4.2-12 Missouri River discharge and Cooper Nuclear Station operating conditions during time-temperature measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-62 4.2-13 Missouri River discharge and Cooper Nuclear Station operating conditions f or selected thermal plumes measured durit.g July 1974 - July 1975 . . . . . . . . 4.0-63 4.2-14 Predic.md excess temperature (AT) at 7500 f t downstream from Cooper Nuclear Station for 7-day ,
once-in-10-year minimum flows of the Missouri " River . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 4.0-64 4.3-1 Summary of operating levels, flow conditions and dif ferential temperatures (AT) recorded during site studies conducted at Cooper Nuclear Station by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc., O July 1974 through July 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-69 vii _s
CNS - 316a & b LIST OF TABLES (continued) Ng. Caption ,P_ age 4.3-2 Summary of monthly water quality data collec ted by Industrial B10-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (1971, 1972, unpublished data), Kantz et al. (1975) and Bowling (1975), Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, Nebraska 1971-1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4.0-70 4.3-3 Summary of sampling periods on which statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) as determined by analysis of variance were observed between intake and discharge locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-85 4.3-4 Summary of sampling periods on which statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) as determined by analysis of variance were observed between upstream (RM 534) and downstream (RM 530) locations .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . 4.0-86 4.4-1 Comparisen of the abundance (units /ml) of major phytoplankton species at sampling locations in the Missouri River upstream (Location 534) sud downstream (Location 532) from Cooper Nuclear Station May - November 1974 . . . . . . . .. . . .. 4.0-150 4.4-2 Shannon's species diversity indices for phyto- 0 plankton callected f rom the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, May to November 1972, 1973 and 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 4.0-151 4.4-3 Potential nuisance algal taxa collected f rom Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, May 1972 - February 1975 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 4.0-152 4.4-4 Summary of water temperatures and Station operating parameters during phytoplankton viability studies at Cooper Nuclear Station, August 1974 - August 1975 . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . 4.0-153 4.4-5 Comparison cf mean carbon f' ation rate and chlorophyll a concentratio. etween locations, Cooper Nuclear Station, August - December 1974 . .. . . 4.0-154 4.4-6 Comparison of mean carbon fixation rate and chlorophyll a concentration between locations, Cooper Nuclear Station, January - August 1975 . .. . . 4.0-155 9 viii l l
CNS - 316a & b O LIST OF TABLES (continued) No. Caption page 4.4-7 Percent inhibition (-) or stimulation (+) of carbon fixation rate and chlorophyll a concentration recorded at the discharge and the predicted downstream ef fects of Cooper Nuclear Station, August 1974-August 1975 . . 4.0-156 4.4-8 Percent composition of the umjor zooplankton groups upstream (RM 534) and downstream (RM 532 - 526) of Cooper Nuclear Station . . . . . . . . .. .. 4 .0-1 57 4.4-9 Shannon's species diversity indices f or zooplankton collected during the operational phase of the environmental monitoring study at Cooper Nuclear Station June 1974 - June 1975; where S is the number of species,11 is the diversity index and J is the evenness value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4.0-158 4.4-10 Summary of water temperatures and Station operating parameters recorded during zooplankton entrainment studies at Cooper Nuclear Station, March - December 1974 . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 4.0-159 0 4.4-11 Summary of water temperatures and Station operating parameters during zooplankton entrainment studies at Cooper Nuclear Station, January-August 1975 ... . 4.0-160 4.4-12 Thermal and mechanical effects on zooplankton survival studies recorded at Cooper Nuclear Station, 6 January through 1 August 1975 . .. . . .. 4.0-161 4.4-13 Thermal and mechanical effects on zooplankton survival studies-recorded at Cooper Nuclear Station, March and May through December 1974 . .. . . 4.0-162 4.4-14 Predicted total effects of entrainment vt Cooper Nuclear Station on the viability of zooplankton in the Missouri River, March through December 1974 . . 4.0-163 4.4-15 Predicted total effects of entrainment at Cooper Nuclear Station on the viability of zooplankton in the Missouri River, January-August 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . 4.0-164 4.4-16 Dominant periphytic taxa based on abundance or biovolume observed at locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - November 1972 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 4.0-165 ix
CNS - 316a & b O LIST OF TABLES (continued) No. Caption page 4.4-17 Dominant periphytic taxa based on abundance or blovolume observed at locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - November 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-166 4.4-18 Dominant periphytic taxa based on abundance or biovolume observed at locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - November 1974 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . '4.0-167 4.4-19 Dominant periphytic taxa based on abundance or biovolume observed at locations .n the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June and 3 Jc1*/ 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-168 4.4-20 Percent composition of total density and biovolume according to division (Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta or Cyanophyta) of periphytic algae collected from artificial substrates in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June and July 1975 . . . . . . 4.0-169 4.4-21 Density (no./cm2)and biovolume (pl/dm2 ) of periphytic algae collected from. artificial substrates in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June-November 1973 and 1974 . . . . . 4.0-170 4.4-22 Density (no./cm2) and biovolume (pl/dm2) of periphytic algae collected from artificial substrates in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June and July 1975 . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-171 4.4-23 Numbers of species (S), species diversity (HI), and evenness indices (E) for periphyton collected in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - November 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-172 4.4-24 Numbers of species (S), species diversity (HI), and evenness indices (E) for periphyton collected in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - November 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-173 4.4-25 Number of species (F), species diversity (HI), and evenness indices (E) for periphyton collected in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June and July 1975 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-174 9 X
1 CNS - 316a 6 b
'f LIST OF TAllLES (continued)
!!o. Cap ti on Page 4.4-26 Mean biomass production (mg/m2/ day 95% confidence limit) of periphyton at locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, July - November 1972, June - November 1973 _
and 1974 . ...................... 4.0-175 4.4-27 Mean biomass production (mg/m2 / day i 95% confidence ' limit) of periphyton at locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June and July - 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0-176 4.4-28 Average AT for the three-week period before each periphyton collection in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station in 1974 and 1975 . . . . . 4.0-177 , 4.4-29 Summary of macroinvertebras' occurrence in benthic
.and aufwuchs_ samples from the Missouri River near Cooper-Nuclear Station, 1972-1974 . . . . . .. . . . 4.0-178 4.4-30 Summary of significant differences (P < 0.05) in abundance of selected macroinvurtebrate taxa and
. total organisms among locations sampled with
-Hilsenhoff artificial substrates near Cooper Nuclear Station, June, August, and October 1974 . . . 4.0-184 4.4 Diversity indices of macroinvertebrate organisms colonizing Hilsenhoff artificial substrates in the-
- Missouri-River near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1973 and_1974 .. . _
.. . . . . . 4.0-185 4.4-32 Mean nums rs/m2 of b'enthic organisms collected with Ponar dredge from sediments in the Missouri River near' Cooper Nuclear Station, 1972-1974 . . . . 4.0-186
-4.4-33 Diversity indices of macroinvertebrate benthic organisms collected with Ponar dredge f rom sediments in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear ,
Station, 1973 and 1974 . . . . . - . . . . ... . . . 4.0-187 4.4 _ Aquatic macroinvertebrates of documented nt:isance potential or with potentially precarious life cycles which have been collected from the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1972-1975 . . . . . . . 4.0-188 x1
CNS - 316a & b O LIST OF TABLES (continued) Ng. Caption Page 4.4-35 Scientific and common names of fishes reported f rom the Missouri River between Gavins Point Dam and Rulo, Nebraska. All species were encountered in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station except those indicated . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. 4.0-189 4.4-36 Relative seasonal abundance of fishes collected in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station . .. . . . . 4.0-191 4.4-37 Surface water temperatures (C) and associated AT's recorded during each fish sampling period near Cooper Nuclear Station, 29 July 1974 - 14 July 1975 . . 4.0-193 4.4-38 Total number and density of fish larvac collected at each location, Cooper Nuclear Station,13 May - 1 August 1975 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 4.0-194 4.4-39 Summary of numbers of species of fish collected at each sampling location by electroshocking near Cooper Nuclear Station, May - July 1975 . .. . . . . 4.0-196 4.4-40 Summary of numbers of each species of fish 9 collected by seining at each sampling location near Cooper Nuclear Station, May - July 1975 . .. .. 4.0-197 4.4-41 Recapture and movement of tagged fish near Cooper Nuclear Station, May - November 1974 .. . .. . . . . 4.0-198 4.4-42 Recapture and movement of tagged fish near Cooper Nuclear Station, May - July 1975 . ... . .. . 4.0-199 4.4-43 Comparisan of mean total lengths of selected species collected near Cooper Nuclear Station, May 1973 - July 1975 . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . 4.0-200 4.4-44 Recapture and movement of tagged fish near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1971 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 4.0-201 4.4-45 Recapture and movement of tagged fish near Cooper Nuclear Statior., 1974 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 4.0-202 Densities (No./100 m 3 4.4-46 ) of larval fish collected at the Intake and Location 2 during each sampling period near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1975 .. . . . . . 4.0-203 xii
1 CNS - 316a & b LIST OF TABLES (continued) No.= Caption Page
'4.4-47 Comparison of the mean density (No./100 m3) and percent abundance of larval fish collected at the Intake and Location 2 near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1973-1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... . . . 4.0-204 4._4-48 Chi-square analyses of fish larvae morta11 ties resulting from condenser passage . (Intake vs.
Discharge), Cooper Nuclear Station, 1975 .. . . . . . 4.0-205 4.4-49 -Chi-square analyses (x2 ) of fish larvae mortalities as a result of condenser passage, Cooper Nuclear Station,_1974-1975 ...,........... .. . 4.0-206 4.4-50 Chi-square analyses (X 2 ).of fish larvoe mortalities as a result of condenser and thermal plume passage, Cooper Nuclear Station,1974 and 1975 . . . . . . . . . __4.0-207
'_ 4 . 4-51 . Chi-square: analyses of fish larvac mortalities resulting from thermal plume passage (Intake vs.
. Location 3 [1* isotherm]) near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1975 . .-. . . . . ... . . .-. . ... . . . . . 4.0-208 4.4-52! Summary of total _ numbers and total weight (g)
-of fish species entrapped at Cooper Nuclear Station, January - July 1975, . _. ._. . . . . . . . . 4.0-209 4.4-53 Species composition and size distribution of fish entrapped'in-the intake structure of Cooper Nuclear Station,. January - July-1975
..z . .. . . . ... . . . 4.0-210
- _4. 4-5 4 _ Number of fish entrapped per-houri tring dirunal.
and nocturnal sampling periods at Cooper Nuclear
' Station,-January - July 1975 . . . .-. . . . .. . . . 4.0-211 l '
' 4. 4-55 :-- Summary of physical-conditfor of fish recorded during entrapment-studies at Cooper Nuclear htation,, January - July 1975 ..._
.... . . . . . . . .- 4.0-212 (j
4.4-56 Projected total fish impingement on traveling- __ screens at Cooper Nuclear Station, -15. March -- 31' December 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- 4.0-213 [4. _4-5 7 . Summary of Missouri-River (Nebraska) commercial
-fish catch data for-1969 and 1974 . .. . . . . . . . . . 4.0-214-xiii
- j. CNS - 316a 6 b v
j,
-Q.
L v. . ' l.0 INTRODUCTION i 3 i l This report presents biological, engineering and j hydrological data related to the once-throuch operation of Nebraska Public Power-District's Cooper Nuclear Station. L e purpose of this report is to , { provide information and documentation on' the effects of . Station operation i _on the Missouri River for evaluation by the Nebraska Department of Environmental Control (NDEC) . - Section 316(a)-of Public Lav_92-503 and Rule
- 33 of the IDEC provide owners and/or operators of steam electric generating facilities an opportunity to demonstrate that the no discharge- of heat standard ,of performance, as provided by the USEPA as 40CFR423 (FR 10-8-74),
is more stringent than necessary to ensure the protection and propagation-
- - of balanced, indigenous communities of shellfish, fish and wildlife on the body of-water into which the discharge is made. '
l l , E J 1 i-l a 1 0 i 1.0-1 _ __ _ . . _ _ _ _ _. _ - .__ _.. _ ., . _ _.-- - _ _ ._2 _ _ _ . _ . . . _ . . . . _ . . _ ~ . .-
CNS - 316a 6 b O 2.0 THE SITE Cooper Nuclear Station is located in Nemaha County, Nebraska on the Missouri River at river mile (RM) 532.5. Site coordinates are approximal 'v 40'20' north latitude and 95'38' west longitude. The closest major cities are Nebraska City (pop. 7441) and Falls C'.ty (pop. 5442), both of which are approximately 25 miles f rom the site (Figure 2.0-1). The closest cities with industrial development are Auburn, Nebraska, and Rockport, Missouri, both of which are 10 miles from the site. All industry in the area can be considered " light." The Station is located on the floodplain at an elevation of 903 ft above sea level, I ft above the top of the levee system. Bluffs in the vicinity of the site peak at 1000 f t above sea level. Beyond the ~ bluffs the terrain is gently rolling. Land use is primarily agricultural with both field crop and livestock production. 2.1 General Characteristics of the Missouri River and Aquatic Biota near Cooper Nuclear Station The Missouri River in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station is highly channelized and is characterized by swift currents and fluctuating flows (Figure 2.1-1). Current in the water segment between Nebraska City, Nebraska, (RM 562) and St. Joseph, Missouri, (RM 450) is the fastest along the river (K. Murnan, personal communication, U. S. Corps of Enginee rs, Omaha, Nebraska). Site studies have shown that the current varies from 0.3 to 2.8 m/sec (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1973; Kantz et al. 1975; Bowling 1975). The 7-day once-in-10-year low flow was calculated for lk summer and winter seasons to be 30900 cf s and 8000 cfs, respectively (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission 1973) . Maximum and minimum flows on record occurred prior to the complete closure of the .aain stem reservoir system on the upper Missouti River. Recorded extremes were 396,000 cfs on April 18, 1952, and 2200 cfs in January 1937. Major tributaries in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station are the Nishnabotna River upstream at RM 541 from the Missouri side and Little Nemaha River dow_ stream at RM 528.5 from the Nebraska side. The Station is located adjacent to a segment of the river that generally has good water quality. The only parameter that consistently exceeded NDEC standards was coliform bacteria density (Bowling 1975). Representative water quality data are presented in Table 2.1-1. Results of water quality studies prior to and after Station start-up indicate that stream flow had a major influence on many parameters (Kantz et al. 1975; Bowling 1975). Depending on the parameter, either a dilution or a concentrating effect of runoff was the major factor controlling the levels encountered. Operation of the Cooper Nuclear Station generally did not appear to affect the water quality except f or isolated increases in turbidity which exceeded NDEC standards. A detailed discussion of thase data is presented in Section 4.3. Aquatic habitat has become less varied and diverse in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station due to channelization. Islands, chutes and sloughs are eliminated upon channelization and along with them a variety of habitats g (Funk and Robinson 1974; Munger et al.1974). Replacing original habitat types are trail dikes, wing dams, revetments and areas behind these channel 2.0-1
i CNS - 316a & b O improvement structures (Figure 2.1-2). These areas serve as habitats for periphyton, macroinvertebrates and as nursery areas for fishes. Stability of these areas is directly dependent on flow conditions. The design of channel improvement structures is to remove sediment f rom the main channel to keep it clear for navigation. During lov flows, areas behind wing dams are silted in and therefore lost to the aquatic biota. High flows, however, especially when the structures are overtopped, scour these areas so that they can be used by aquatic organisms (Munger et al. 1974). The phytoplankton community in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station is typical of most large river systems (Hynes 1970). Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are the dominant forms, followed by the Chlorophyta ,(green algae) and Cyanophyta (blue-green algae). Site studies have shown the dominant phytoplankton genera to be Cyclotella, S.t,ephanodiscus , Mic ros.iphona Nitzschia, Asterionella, Frag 11 aria, Scenedesmug. Actinastrum,
,Ankistrodesmus, Dictyosphaerium, Oscillat oria, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Merismopedia and Microcystis (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1973, 1974; Alberico and Larson 1975; Larson 1975). Five hundred and fifty-six taxa were encountered during these studies (Table 2.3-2) . Seasonal variations in phytoplankton abundance in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station were related to nutrient concentrations, river flow, turbidity and temperature.
Ef fects of condenser passage have been minimal despite some apparent seasonal stimulation or inhibition of carbon fixation rate and chlorophyll a,concen-trations (Reetz 1975). A detailed discussion of these data is presented in O Section 4.4.1.1. Zooplankton found in large rivers are generally dominated by rotifers (Hynes 1970; Williams 1966). In the vicinity of Cooper Nuc1 car Station microcrustaceans are generally more important because of discharges f rom main stem reservoirs upstream. Dominant taxa demonstrated seasonal fluctuations in abundance which generally followed those in Lewis and Clark Lake (Cowell 1970). There have been 78 taxa encountered during site studies (Industrial 310-TCST Laboratories, Inc. 1973; Alberico and Larson 1975; Repsys 1975). The m.aority of taxa were littoral typeu which had low densities and can be considered incidental members of the plankton. Dominant genera included Cyclops. Diantomus. Qaphnia, Bosmi_na and Brachionus (Table 2.1-3) . Entrainment studies (Iverson et al. 1975) have identified immotility and mortality effects on zooplankton upon condenser passage, but these effects have not caused an overall ef fect on the species composition, abundance and diversity of :: zooplankton downstream of the Station. A detailed discussion of these cu a is presented in Section 4.4.1.2. Periphyton in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station is dominated by diatoms (Bacillariophyta) as was the phytoplankton. Site studies indicate that Biddulphia, Cocconels, Dia toma , Fragilaria, Comphonema, Melosira, Navicula Nitzschia, Rhoicosphenia, Stephanodiscus, Cladophora, Oedogonium, Spirogyra, Stigeoclonium, Lyngbya, Plectonema and Schizothrix were the dominant alga taxa encountered (Farrell 1975). Two hundred and seventeen taxa were encountered during site studies (Table 2.1-4). Channelization has reduced available () periphyton habitat to rocks, piles and debris in and around the channel improvement structures, Flow around these structures has a major regulatory 2.0-2
CNS - 316a & b role in determining peok abundance and biomass production (Munger et al.1974). O Operation of Cooper Nuclear Station has not had a major impact on species composition, community structure or productivity of the periphyton. A detailed discussion of these data is presented in Section 4.4.1.3. Macroinvertebrate f auna in the main channel of the Missouri Rivet is very sparse because of river currents and the resultant instability of the bottom sediments (Berner 1951; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1969, 1971, 1972; Morris et al. 1968). Channel improvement structures, however, support a diverse macroinvertebrate community. Site studies have shovn that hydroids, planarians, worms (Naidids), mayflies (Ephemeroptera), caddisflies (Tricoptera) and midges (Chironomidae) are common and/or abundant near or in the channel improvement structures (Table 4.4-29). In contrast, the sediments primarily contain worms (Tubificidae) and midge larvae (Chironomidae) (Industrial BIO-TJST Laboratories, Inc. 1973; Andersen and Reetz 1975; Andersen 1975). River flow and adaptations of specific taxa to microhabitats within channelization structures are key factors controlling benthic and macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance. Station operation apparently has not affected the benthic macroinvertebrates or those found in and around the channel improvement structures. A detailed discussion of these data is presented in Section 4.4.1.5. Suitable habitat for the variety of fish species present in the channelized river is located around wing dams, finger dikes and trailing dikes (Gould and Schmulbach 1973). Recruitment of many fishes may come from floodplains, tributary systems and upstream reservoirs (Walberg et al. 1971). lll Small cyprintd species such as the plains minnow, western silvery minnow, emerald shiner and river shiner are abundant, as are rough fish such as carp, river carprucker and gi:zard shad. Studies on the Missouri River f rom Gavins Point Dam to Rulo, Nebraska, indicate that the relative abundance of major sport species is greater in r~ae vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station than in other segments of the river (Hey and Baldwin 1974; Gould and Schmulbach 1973; Szmania and Johnson 1975). The most abundant sport fishes included goldeye, freshwater drum, black crappie, white crappie, largemouth bass, channel catfish, sauger and bluegill. Species which have commercial value that are common in the vicinity of the Station include channel catfish, carp, flathead catfish and buffalo (Schainost 1975). Field studies have identifled 56 species that occur near the Station (Table 2.1-5). Station operation has apparently not affected species composttion, relative abundance, spatial and temporal distribution, age and size distribution, and food habits of fish populations in the Missouri River near the Station. A detailed discussion of these data is presented in Section 4.4.1.6. O 2.0-3
l CNS - 316a 6 b
2.1 REFERENCES
CITED Andersen D. L. 1975. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and benthic organisms. Pages 116-137 in The evaluation of thermal ef fects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974 (IbT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Andersen, D. L., and S. D. Rectz. 1975. Artificial substrate and benthos studies. Pages 119-150 irl The evaluation of thermal effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Preoperational Phase), April 1973-March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322), Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. _ Berner, L. M. 1951. Limnology of the lower Missouri River. Ecology 32(1):1-12. 4 Bowling, T J. 1975. Water quality evaluation. Pages 5-48 in Ihe evaluation , of thermal effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operatio'21 Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Cowell, B. C. 1970. The influence of plankton discharges from an upstream reservoir on standing crops in a Missouri River reservotr. Limnol. O Oceanogr. 15:427-441. Farrell, J. R. 1975. Periphyton: Pages 80-115 in The evaluation of thermal effects in the Missouri Piver near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. - Funk, J. L., and J. W. Robinson. 1974. Changes in the channel of the lower Missouri River and effects on fish and wildlife. Mo. Dep. Conserv., Aquatic Ser. No. 11. 51 pp. Gould, G., and J. Schmulbach. 1973. Relative abundance and distribution of fishes in the Missouri River, Gavins Point Dam to Rulo, Nebraska. Final Rep. Missouri River Environ. Inventory, U. S. Army Corps uf Engineers, Omaha, Nebr. 60 pp. Hey, J., and K. Baldwin. 1974. Aquatic ecology study (pre-operational survey, Neal III) of the Missouri P.iver near the George Neal Station. Sioux City, Iowa. May 1973-May 1974. Briar Clif f College Print Shop, Sioux City, Iowa. 40 pp. + appendix. Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories , Inc. 1969. Preliminary environmental (thermal ef fects) survey of the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, NebYaska. (IBT No. W7744). Report to Nebraska Public Power (} District, Columbus, Nebr. 25 pp. + 4 appeadices. 2.0-4
CNS - 316a 6 b 9
;_ . 1971. Prcoperational environmental monitoring (thermal) of the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station. April 1970-March 1971.
(IBT No. W8977). Report to Nebraska Public Power Distriet, Columbus, Nebr. 85 pp. + appandix.
. 1972. Preoperational environmental monitoring (thermal) of the Mfssouri River acar Cooper Nuclear Station. April 1971-March 1972.
(IBT Nu. W8977). Et port to Nebraska Public Poser District , Columbus, Nebr. 61 pp. + appendix. i
. 1973. The eve.luation of thermal ef fects in the Missouri River acar Coo'per Nuclear St tion (Preoperational Phase), April 1972-March 1973.
(IBT Jto. 64301703). Report to Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. 148 pp. + cppendix. Everson, W. S., A. L. Restaino, and D. L. Wetzel. 1975. Zooplankton entrainment. Pages 177-197 in The evaluation of thermal ef f ects on the Missouti River near Cooper Nucicar Station (Operational Phasa), January-Dacomber 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-10ST taboratories, Inc. f or Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Kantz, K. W., J. R. Salkowski, and J. E. Hawicy. 1975. Water quality evaluation. Pages 26-85 in The evaluation of thermal ef fects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Statinn (Preoperational Phase), s April 1973-March 1974. (IBT No. 643033...,. Report by Indattrial B10-TEST Lsboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District , Columbus, Nebr. Larson, B. E. 1975. Phytoplankton. Pages 49-66 in, The evaluation of thermal effects in the Mismuuri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phaso), Januari-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc. f or Nebraska Public Power District Columbus, Nebr. Larson, B. E., rg. t. A. Alberico. la75. Plankton studies. Pages 86-118 in The taluation of thermal ef f ects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Preoperational Phase). April 1973-March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Morris, L. A. , R. N. Langermeier, T. R. Russell, and A. Witt , Jr. 1968. - Effects of main stem impoundments and channelization upon the limnology h of the Missouri River, Nebraska. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 92(4):380-388. Munger, P. R. et al. 1974. A baseline study of the Missouri Rivers Rulo, Nebraska to mouth near St. Louis, Missouri. Vol.III Report by Univ. of Missouri for Dep. of the Army, Kansas City Dist. , Corps of Engineers. pp. 461-684. 9 2.0-5 I
CNS - 316a & b O Patulski, D. E. 1975. Fish population and life history study. Pages 151-216 in The evaluation of thermal ef fects in the Misueuri River near Cooper Nuc1 car Station (Preoperational P1ase), April 1973-March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322). Report by Industrial '0-TEST Laboratories, Inc. fer Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Reetz, S. D. 1975. Phytoplankton entrainment. Pages 148-217 in The evaluation of thermal offects in the Missouri Rivet near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Repsys, A. J. 1975. Zooplankton. Pages 67-79 i_t1 The evaluation of thermal effects on the Missouri Riaer t. car Cooper Nucicar Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TES" Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Schainost, S. 1975. Survey of 1974 cummercial fisheries industry of Nebraska. Nebraska Came and Parks Comm., Aquatic Wild 1. Div., Lincoln, Nebr. 42 pp. Stuckey H. P. 1972. Selected environmental cffects of two nuclear power O plants on the Missouri River. Pages 1-18 in_ Preoperational progress report. Nebr. Game and Parks Comm., Lincoln, Nebr. Szmania, D. C., and D. L. Johnson. 1975a. Fish population and distribution study. Pages 138-166 itl The evaluation of thermal effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial B10-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Szmania, D. C., and D. L. Johnson. 1975b. Fish population studies. Pages 37-162 _in D. L. Wetzel, ed. Operational environmental monitoring in the Missouri River near Fort Calhoun Station, July-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304254). Semi-annual report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebr. U. G. Atomic Energy Coutission. 1973. Final environmental statement related
;o operation of Cooper Nuclear Station, Nebraska Public Power District, I Docket No. 50-298.
U. S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey Division. 1970. Water resources data for Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1971. r .er resources data for Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
l .
. 1972. Water resources data for Nebraska, U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln. Nebr.
2.0-6
CNS - 316a le b O1 _. 1973. Water resources data for Nebratika. U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1974n. Water rescerceu data for Iowa. U. S. Geol. Survey, Sioux City. Ia.
. 1974b. l'rovisional flow records f or the Missouri River at
~ l ebraska City, Nebraska. U. S. Geol . Survey, Council Illuf f a. Ia. j I Walburg, C. ?!. , G. L. l'aise r. , and P. L.11odson. 1971. Lwis and Clark Lake tailwater biota and some relations of the ta11wat.or and reservoir fis.h populations. Pages 449-467 til G. E. llall, ed. Reservoir fisheries and limnology. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 8. Washington, D. C. Williams, L. G. 1966. 90minant planktonic rotif ers of major waterways at the United States. Limnol. Oceanogr. 11:83-91. O C 2.0-7
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CNS - 316a 6 b Table'2.1-1. Ranges fot selected water quality parameters from the Missouri River upstream of Cooper Nuclear Station, l.ocation (River Mile) Parameter RM 562.68 $Eb7 Temperature 0.0-28.0 0.0-27.8 0xygen, dinsolved (mg/1) .c 4.2-13.2 pil 7.2-8.2 7.4-8.5 Alkalinity, t atal (mg/1-CACO )3 136-269 115-234 Solids, total dissolved (mg/1) 354-532 344-638 Conductance, specific (pombos/cm at 25 C) 493-891 455-776 Solids, total suspended (mg/1) - 7-6330 Turbidity (J.T.U.) - 21->750 Calcium (mg/1) 51-93 54-80 Potasolum (mg/1) 4. 9-8. 4 5.0-15.5 Sodium (eg/1) - 26-72 Chloride (mg/1) 14-29 10.0-19.5 Sulfate (mp/1) 200-220 110-210 Ammonia (mg/1-N) - 0.01-1.2 Nitrate (mg/1-N) - 0.02-1.6 Nitrite (mg/1-N) - 0.004-0.097 Orthophosphate, soluble (mg/1-l') - 0.023-0.67 Silica (ag/1) 8.0-19 3.3-19.5 g Fecal coliform bacteria (No./100 ml) -
<50-72000 W B.O.D. (mg/1) -
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<.001 .007 Iron, total (mg/1) .051 .093 d 0.45-100 Lead, total (mg/1) -
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- Data collected by U. S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey (1970-1974).
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o tt D E ( a g .$ D aA a ww 9 . D 3 C aa at i I . t aa t 1 a at E tT aa a 3 D R f t _ wha 3F F R ft-I L F ai I v5551 Aa aEi 1 M4 _ PFt Dt l a st a I t a vF I a F l t mm#5! U V0 F F VU$g ittss ati f tt giat 8T gaaT
! aaaaftth0A 1I 1 TTru
. a$ t ff sguuuttTaa*T AAtt 2 t tCafaeim tiCfaD1aia1 i 5s a nLt0a1 M ncC4 tOsgas$t1aaa4 a5tt E4 - 7 4aN1tC aigs$U!&ttL0D ta5i= a0t4taaii T ab 0tli 3iCtt 70sCa8 Ftafwl5ia
- ult tCtvt1 Cl tCLC val savvvUi551 tT g4CDlCt *UGw 1 tFptrLh ttt U4f atttt L t- tF1! PiFS IaailiattrP KsMD7 Ph4Vl lt Eu&ht tF ml a1 U u i % C womCD*S iaaaP3TfVtsitrf t 9 m t u n3UwIiTUiCF
- a B r. 5 u
- tWU1g8CC(CIC1tPF t MdUNt ULante4 aacDCR4tt1 WLf UWAat3 awusOChct 2 S t i t T D G P m h a P $
Y I N a L' P e C - t e l O I D P ( U a 4 O l t F F C b a T a ) e* d
- Cd
- 4 d , ; ,4I! ;'i' ;4!' 4! alf , ji jj] }{ l{ ; :] ,j 2' 1}! .I
CNS - 316a 6 b O
- a
. n .
u , - .
., c. .
ew e ~.
* ~ r
. > s . ou . .
- - .o .
M, p. w n o 5
. na . -. -- -
. u o .
.r4 ., a > . w
.s . .-= u a .
u . a . . . u . m..o -
. -.. . w .
c . . ~ . .
- 3. .
o . . . . . . . t.)
.m. 5.
w
- o. .z .r.. e.r
- o
.e a.
e
., . , . ,..... .e6 .,
w
-. .....5.12 -sa
- v. ., . . ., .eav.r .,. . o,. .a .s
. a, s
DW
.,o,- ..w o* . . , . . .
= = =
- 4 D
D-
- -u-
. roou ..c.ep7,or.s ..oo, 2 . e h a . .s M1WW. .r = 4 .s N, . -a
- o. uo.- u. ..orsc W., 3.
w..n, no --ww.. . - - . o. n.o., o .,., , , -...o aao-v
,o,- .2 g3 we .2 . .,. o. 3-w r
- 3. O ggo D. 3o 2
2.3 2 r-
.e uu.
,.. , ,u,
. . ., o a -~.o.
D ==o 2 ..es . . , m - - y o.
. D D g. M
,,3sz....
Q .,w .>. . .T a .toa, w w .o. v o e,* P. e
.D .D M. = a- r. O . sgw w o v v o u ., .ut . g z ., .
a o - g , A . > a,s 0 o a a.s . 1 I
.o d
i
" 2.0-15 1
i 1 I l
-. . . . _ _ _ . _ ~ . _ . _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ . _ . _ _ - .
CNS - 316a & b O V s s N
. oo I N e D My g es .J ef me en w en ed F el e e#Q D *= em se sa *ese G n me e.a wM e>
p w se ww ww n mm un u .a 49 5W .d tad 3 wD WW ee M Z e e am e e e e g a m .. .m a. E a a a a e w= =,n n c a O .e .e .e . , O as a o .s e a p e., seen a o o o D*
=
an w en m a
- 3. g
,e og og es e
.e.,*,w J ,g 4 ee e e u==
4g > ee aw w es af 48 Gl> tim em qgg gggyygg g g g w gafW age se M oo q 3 eg g 3*.3pgg ee g tem
* ** 4 O *" as M 4 > $* y e . > 3 p W F # W em ,) ) ee as - g es a N > , .$, em be .e hJ se 49 en se eq e &w wuuo> y M g . af Da we > > y e M,eQm*=6.mee=etp. A p= >
g nwg
.d at W a $ W >e= ga sg ==
se a.g. .4et og w wase6e ,s e r e e r we = w ** *
- g a en s o - awauwe u - .a. .a ee3. *= a =w = eesa w .nw =.=s s- =.=. w e-
- ee as% w. s .a .4 wo en
- a .a o s w w -a *=.-ew - ew a
** & & ** de O
** $3 ** 4 #8 e 3 tas 44 D O O El 42 W th8 II F kom**ogeme > += EW seI Ja 4J gge*me e4 og e4 M yyMLeA 3M :ssJpwy43a 3,5y g4 getg4 4.td s a> W M S Q> > m. as er a e a e.8O eg enM,es4J aO$s** D
.s**.4.eq& eg u em me ** F 4J K N ted me Rg an. 9 se ed tJ 3 p & q .g 49 M > > p Le en D ,{J og g as ee u use&A g g gg Q"J se Q g.) me og et s' ig Of f nJ eq
- h w & & ed me .J E e b ** #= > ml&1& -g>4shQ ame >= & 8g ens e9 ,** 9 [J y et c J u ',II # w
- p kJ d .J ** ** P Esb 8 4I 60 44 m 4 **
h o ed 2 J *a *- D
** k taf g Isa Q &J e M tea se & ne ed T T **
oc n a a es a a e m 19 b 2.0-16
- . - . . -- . - . . . . - , - . . . . . , -. -, ,- . . . e_.--- . ,. --
1 i i 1 CHS - 316a 6 b ! {, 1 I l i O
.: An..v.q.HW&.
; t: <
j(:e ,.t. .. y;.;J.y;4 s- r i
.; b-14 ) q..
w . - ,,
$6k r.n.
s n,fh; W p df
;h .. ,p.
ffi sb,y1, W
. } . k:yf
..<,'e);c,.fl
~
w g
. v
- m
. M &
- w e n &, e w m C u r - w-
+ e o e - .a 3 v 3 > s-y w m T e 4 De e C w 5 . v n v. b e e n a. w - o * .e . - * - - * *
- o a -
waxa s . u s. a a a
.e a s y
- w w a m e e
. M.
-D.e
..a z
. e me o
- o
. . - o D w N W
- "s w
- e" . . e..
uDuw . w
- --ee ., ., .=-. .
pe.
# . s . . .. -vu . ..- e . --aa .
pee vo-r. w as - -sa-- w w uom a t ra-men - - M. --
<3 -D -.vu D a w - - e, e, ...-
...r.sww ,,
F u. v e D 3 3 D e . - D , , -r-hs
-onwn n e 1-.s..,. .. v _n.e .- -
2-~ , .u
- ...~ ~-
.ms...3 o , u u v s .-s .4 e e, ..n . . . ., . ou-an .vu v -...
o-sas a o~~~a<- a - - ~ u . a s s us.- . e. - . . . . n.w ,raaa- w-a
. o. v.,
v-e.r
.p<a.s.s-o-uv----
oa n a-v. m w saaaes e : w ia. 4 eu..x.a==ae=awv....-.s a at w n o m e - a c,
.... . a o s ., a .s v r-rrrev- .o e
.a . . a a -o 1 a.
a .1-. m . es us s .>a s L.cua n a a . - y u- a s . I a 2 H 3 e m
- a n u u. u a. v u u v n
V 2.0-17 u
. - . . . ._ . . - . _ , - ~ _ - _ _ . . . - _ - - - . - _ . ~..-- - - -
CNS - 316a & b i F
. . P.
1
.o u ,
o -
" g D -
3a s.i K
.= E
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9 .
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o u
, - v...
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+
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, 3 ., n. a, s
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u 3. . w. .
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2 I
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., w
.a
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.. o u.
. r a o... , ,
- . r
- u. , .
o . u..Lmm a s . , .3 .,n,o. 2 zu ., , . .
.. x .,. ....-.a.u-as
-w
.o, .... . w . .. . u., ,a,. e, . u ., . a..>n. - .,.. .s ..u,o- .. t. a . .. .,v, n n
. ., ~2 . -ua-. . o u. . - n o, .un.m
.. , w o~onea. c.
o 03, - D o a 44 4 u ~ + E 8 .s' u v .., se O g se O o
.ed a # eM 1 Z . a.8 Q O, O . *. .n. ., 3 .
s A u & .sa .s8 6, 4 W to M E O O .n8 8hd W b O e id 2.0-18
CNS - 316a 6 b O l t O
- . a r2 -
. n a- . ,
a a a w -- - a m es = on c3 .a 11
. w
.,. ea zu w
a w
. . a a . m u .- a w
c . 4 a m W = e sw . w
- e . ,
~
a + .. w.
... a. . o -n .
. , w w .w . . . u .
4 mg" 98
-w w e .P ,J ,JFm w= e t > WW 4 W Q "B M We D 4 we sdme P h reMM m--w grarww.FDs >
w-ep e ree m,ed-a est sm
- W g d>>MM Ph> d 4 Ca w w e e W 3 3 M M D u m p A >me emaw te eRgM EMM awmd 2 =m> w eemdem Wammy>R w e gs w O somm s, meDwwdM e m G .p 6>
8 mM O m Q s. WNW JwEW w6bese smM 4 W o o d a r m - m = n > s s u m a s w p 3 > * - r p {i n mme em R w w w & Q us w 304dwwweWW W4 N r-
- werameedo==w . m >eass3Ahum gM & > >
j w = s. w vwruAMww mn u hn aap kn a e .S. ww s u s a 3 . = p a w s k. u o a a e s v 3 m a o a - a
- a aa m x ~ . a a e m e k e e m w e s = = = w t a u u m ** w s w a h m .s.
g W & a*3 6 1 V W ed W D Q M ed a w w w ed la e 8 ee & & LA N V W 1 es W D e si i + sad
- 4. e n&& a w o : wDe
& e e O ,' ..d as as to 63 O Os O M M M M
=
w N W d S O w & W A w Q n Y ud - Y e d
=
W w E n O b w b w A N H 2.0-19
w CNS - 316a 6 h s 1
- - e F
pu
. 2 I
,a .I i
E aw a . D l M,E M
.- .w-
-- 3 a y .,. -. ..
-- A o S. .. .8 .s. nn .U o . .. w. o. ..
d d 6 wt -w ww * ** w . . .. M
. .s .s . . . ,
H D
- t, c - .
.O
... a
.-.. awoo-
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e t
.aw.
.. a, -
..... ., .. .. -- - B,. e. .
-a
.m o, m n m . -
. .-.a..m - ..sa ..
m e, , w.o .. u.o v ..
.-,. .u a,.n.o.n=>,. - n r a -
R.. t on w-=- 6-oswo. a.-,m-a .,.
.- -. 2. o. . ..
a m a . . b,M, .>
-- -o u, s eu--..
.u.-.
f... u - - . . -- a,.osa-o. N o u o t.m 5. 5u o,. uww .-. 2---.
. ., . .-u,,uou.
v u , . .
. . eu on s -
.......... a =~o~ ~ ~W .
.powns . o. u--sws,., v. . , ., u, o ,a.- a ans .o .a..mnnnuo$
w s
,o.o.en.u..r
. s -. -.u-
~ n . o. w o . v$=a 3 . ... . ..%.. -
w-ww
. n .n e w o y a .t .
N . s .n . , a s u s D n. - 3 W W W & a a a a u 'n e o 3 e i N ) M o N b 2.0-20
CNS - 316a 6 o O 1 l l
)
O E e a Jr W M 6e K .e se k to 3 ee
& $ 3M %J O F d u ed W W
,,C,, a e o a a 4 eo w *e a e, a w e e- M e n a e a e o6 at 3 M M 1 M Ft f1 M e e ee = w p u O ta e as a aw as a b w J ** n u n M tes .4 as 4 es as as w ese se w J tu w w D as Q W we M w g( H se gM > Q RW 3 ese ese
- 8IF me W
me ts. esa to. em
- H H () EJ Me p u. == to. S 4 E te tes at += ee m3E J
** w E en
- E FWD car W w w W y *= 64 ** +4 4 l3 ses 3# .e k ++ 3 S ene H L.i ev**O es we .e .e .4 ** **
- es n M tes ** W Ju'lFM M 6*
In *a *3*yJ9.Jo.ena en as 3 s *- I* 43 3 6=esaT 4 esJ $ 4 as ad () w ab (7 es g y a e. LA t . (') ae 80M l' 44 V e FnM *) en a 4, eta el
.d 4N8 8 es 6v > h e ese M 88 e ***4W**
g w a r2.*e= ,me Q e6 4 a.s.at a n6., a ra e 3.g,s.a.s 2 a a o .r1 ws e ee # m er. n w .3. o w > u p
.. a0 ..*J. & =a 4 84.
. m. 46 se
- o. and o aw .'e *t > - w >
l MMd e# M** A>= k >** WR > c.4 & .4 as M.s .ee , ems 6,Ju-s
, .*b U 3.s w .a M3 .3 Ww o. Q., Mw p
,,e *At.>,
r .s 3, e Oa h te.a N e
.a a w a' at
-ew=sn . o e-*
- d. ear .- ,#, ** 28 4J;* w a ww-d E ard's. is (33 e eh-Mna4 > Q e6 gags 1 1 & 3 g gg g a p. Da M og ed g .4 ed ep 4 ab M P ** M m* 64 & w
- tJ d # E M tu J 44 @ e6 # f9 b et A 3 05 46 et N b me i O 14 K en d >* > 6%
b y W as >* t- >= 6* tee M h 3 em 86 J LA F er W sb an &* tad w we W EE 648 ti n a6 03 ** ind 3 .4 M M > #* b >* A na W H to es es* 48 W ee
@ em 9=
(J > M M .. <, ns H 2e0-21
. ..-. - .- . .~. .
CNG - 316a & b 4
.'. g k
M e ' Y e. . e. D r e 6 5.4 e n e D e e e e e a e a p e
.. n a a a e art a M g a M M el M M e p! M W e64 n
i
.N to o- a es - a .rs - .a. -
C a a es .n. sa w w e
- w* = =='
am se w_ a- w ww - - .a M m.4
- w. se - d on e,
e4 H .=, q ~ Mq M g
> y' 3 D e g 3. g3 6 MM w g F - & $ g g4 D pe og om e, se M,,-
ey , g Wb %J as g,d M pg a we - 3e 3D,, 3 D pe me S 45 ( 3 W sese p gg e, 3 w ge en we e. g ga w ;g w e es e,. 6 g e e*) 3 e. == u e e p ga as er w er t-
> em 2 ** ad f u ee p t= e. D ** g H e og g e4 gJ og g e= to 64 w ** () d th p iWeeen g3 g,,gn.es J g g e,. 2 pe M ew e+ (J d d em E eM p 3 gge4 e+
y M.e*gj e g W p
" a p p. p 4' LJ S gne 44 &4 e is t.asee w e n W w e. se O N g > oo tu SJ .3 y g l> g>ea.nd
.g.
e, taa eu3 -,J - M a e* F m he ed *) e se ene e* LJ 4ea e9 sa 48 e4,3a4 o*sa <=>.4 e e.ie aw - = = r w ww. o s a #Jes .2 w i - I N , o e =$ u a ee w
- e- r a . . c.J e .8 Le ** 68 w as u *= > a.e n a v&r a. s.a. a N w . o ;) a< tu&a ne **
g r I w .n. e a w 4 a u v
- s s a. e. 9 e- .
p .a w ,e en es w e ** aw.e i.f, *- e u w a e aad v .3 - em o q w=wen a .a a = oe w tte ~ .er n a va ~ > a suee. u s. , cvynes,=y,s O e uawe e
** e uA u u. .y a. *a* y, 13
. r.a t er I
.s e.
6s
. o*r.u, w w a e4 en
>d e
w E 43 ce E 3 1 O W ed 8 8- A & 3 ee n b g.a M W ~ 4d 'T
. e-l e w as u- Ett g; n' 1 em W
sh 4
$3 O - N' (3 and s*
E $ 0 & I tJ O W #
@ 44 ft () II N.
sH e-A w ro
.H
-2*0-22
r CNS - 316a 6 b O O T o C .. . . w h e a a . . . . a a y 5 aa e a w 8 w a e e a a n o - . 5m-- . -. .o . o U en d- m-w .- . - , .. . . av - o .r aus e .-... .-
. am n nw . -.
MM-Mh a-v3- - --- n
-M-Mr.p.-
- =
.s.000,--#-
a a -a-
-wn.
.e w -ua .m- - a. m u-s me . sm .De
. s. us -o 2 . . .. .. -.s .., .
v . ., .3. <~
.o
..os s w -, k. .
ou,. m, o + n a .s .su
. .m. . u.u o..-.,
. .n o a o .
.t..v.,
s.
.-au . . v e. .-n. . o. . ,., .2. 0.
a n o w a ss n s.a u---o . u - .. a , n- w a a eu a ..a.us a m.non.oam.
;..a a --w swoguass.a-o o
-e
-so a.sao.ssaa-zv-a-on-s.e. n aa .a m enw eeo vs s M. n s a > w n m a m a s. a nw
- a a.sy :
n . w w m
*=w umea .
-a x o . n a. .e m - 2.
o, - - u v o s n . - a, . :
, o o a a , a , . - o e H p. . . s = o 4 .
C -
- Y 2.0-23
CNS - 316a 6 b i l l m t . . t o y se
=
a. n - u ., , K w Q . . . . g Q y 6- s. p h w w 4
. - .- a e n. w- -
y . u , n .
. ..-.o..o.- a
.o.
un-. n.
.e.
s...
. --a . - a .- -
.n -. , - m .a .s .o..i - ., a . . .s n
.a8 wdS.**a.3
= . ..3. .n.. ...te. o$m.
, . T 2. ,
.- -w o .As.-
.a b, o , o s . W. a88 o**n.. 1 . .3 eed.$J.,.Q .,---.s.W e- -,.,..e,..m. .me
-..,- .ua.,v. ,. w 8J w em E e
. . .$J en.o u - - , tad w . oe . n . ,$ ..
o .M - , ;a..amau..a ei t rs- :3 o.< . . bT .n
. uto.1 9 ** .. .i w7 a av.-
. n
, b, u *o .e. .- u
.r . o , . u. w a d..o oc
. . u .
3a.o w 6. 2.wuw..rza.sn.ce..., e
=.2 -
u . u e Ww n u .i a w w . o W. n. > L,a Mem . u. . .x I 8 .J. ey E . 43
,$ a .J w. w es -
.a a .r o .
e . - t .n . 2.0 24
-__ _ _ . , _ _ . _ . , . . ~ . . -. - ._._ _ , - .- - _ . - . _ . . _ - _ - , . . . - - ._ - - - - - ~ . .
QQ f N&D e# O d n a
)
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i r o t a r o b a L T S E T O I B A l C a I i T C r 4 t
& s . t P
u d C d e . . . . . . % n u P P P P P P t I n $ $ S $ $ $ a i n y t A D S D D D S E E $ E . b n L L I I f i I l 1 I a o t F F f F F A M 2 l F A d C t I l t 5 I I T b 4 1$% I I V e iD"J d 0*f T 4 i T T f43 T tmUMm A 4sN H W1 10A s04L4t %$ A AT t . c) f3 TUT ti
- SA1EaE F
. 9 @I 4 C '4 Dl UiL UC1DmD C C" RE u1C 5T c4 s e5 2 0 t" 1 I! t b5 nl C* PI c1 CTF aC9 4 R aI l7 s
iCA %= l k a 0 1 w :.,Mi 0n 7 iC3t 4t &3
- 1 A3t T =
- N3Lct0M0(
bT ft 0U AOO vCCT = 3 TOM l9 1 1 4 E t 1 i P c CT nC P C o1 R 1 C n R tY D M PC Y C c( 2 E L L E E tt M C" 3 DC % M C C M P i( aG TC ( S e O C 5 t 5 t P T an t o l b T a 1 M C C R as D r a L a 9 J J F Pe
CNS - 316n & b O Table 2.1-3. List _of roopinnkton taxa reported f rom the Missourt itiver nent Cooper Nuclent Station, 1972 - 1974." COPEPODA l p,(cuspidat un,( t _homa_n_i Forben Cyl opn, C.-_varinns rubellut Lilljeborg C. vernalin, Fisheer Di_nytomun anhinndi Marsh ' D. clavipen, _ Schacht D. forbesi -Light D.'minutun Lilljeborg
,1]. pallidun -lierrick D. afcilin Forbes D. siciloides Lilljeborg Ergasilt.n chautnuqunennin '
Eucyclopn agilis (Koch) E. Prionophorus, Kicier lj. ,nperatun (Lilljeborg} flacrocyclops albidun -(Jurine) 11cnocyglopn jid ax_, (Forbes). H, . leuckarti -(Cinus) Parneyclops fimbriat un poppet _ (Itchberg) Tropocyclopn praninun n.exicanun_ Kiefer linrpacticoida CLAD 0 cella Alona contatta Sars ,
~
A. guttata Sars f.-intermodin (Sars) A_.-manoenntha _Sarn A. rectangula_ Sars A quadrangular 3*i (Huller) Alonella diaphann (King) A. nana (llaird) Il_onmin,n longi rost ria (Huller) llunops serricaudata Camptorereun rectirontris Schodler Corindaphnin Incuntrin Ilirgo C._quadrangula (Muller) ,
. C.. reticulata -(Jurine)' _ . . _ _
Chydorus - sphae ri cun '(Hullet) 12nphnin ambigtin Scourfield D.-entawbn -Coker D. galacta mendotne Ilirge ' D parvula -Fordyce
- D. Itichard
- 5. pulex retrocurva l'orbes D. n_chool cri Sars I
2.0-26 v- v v , 3-- w. ve - w, -e.v ,,-,.yw, .--,,,,%,w-,,-.-gwm yr+ ww w '** v - w-- w v -ww -* ev+w wn,-w w wwv <-e- -v v-w*
- w o w w e -tu- ,'vv '+*vyW T' -
* -v-'--v-*-*T*-W-va-*We'wea*** w v m 9 ' 7 C
l l
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CNS - 316a 6 b O Table 2.1 3. Continued. Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Lieven) D. leuctenbergianum (Fircher) Eurycercus lamellatus (Muller) 11yocryptus,"ordidus (Lieven) 1_ . spinifer lierrick Kurzia latissima Kur r. Leptodo'ra kindtii (",:ke) Leydigia quadrangulari.- (Leydig) Macrothrix _latteornis (Jurine) Moina affinis (Birge) M. brachiata (Jurine) M. mierura Kurz Eoinodaphnia macleayii (King) Pleuroxus denticulatus Birge P,. hamulatus Birge Scapholeberis kingi Sara Simocephalus expinosus. (Koch) S. serrulatus (Koch) S_. vetulun Schodler ROTITER llh Asplanchna spp, Cosse Brachionus spp. Pallas Cephalodella_spp. Bory de St. Vincent Collotheca spp. llarring Conochiloides spp. Illava Conochilus spp. Illava Encentrum app. Ehrenburg _Euchlants spp. Ehrenburg Filinia spp. Bory de St. Vincent Keratella spp. Bory de St. Vincent Notholca spp. Cosse Platylas spp. Harring Polyarthra spp. Ehrenberg Synchaeta spp. Ehrenberg
.Trichotria_ spp. Bory de St. Vincent Bdelloid Rotifera " Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, 'nc. (19 7 3),
Alberico and Larson(1975), and Repsys (1975). O 2.0-27
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Table 2.1-4. Continute. CHLD10 PHYT 6 IC04flNUEDI STICEDCLUNIUM KUE T ZI N5 T E N'JE f C . A. AL AP D9 9 KL'E TII4P. SP. CTANOPHTTA A4A8AfMt 4AGELI 5P. ANACT5fl$ NAECEL) MONTANA ELIGHiF.8 OtnJET AMD D AILY C Mt f!O C OC CU S NA2 CELI SP. L Y%C87 A AGARDH SP. SP. I Q m MERISM 0 PEDI A METE 9 3*. 8 y AICROCv5115 # UE T II N(- y
. IERLSIN054 Impff!!NGP C013NT M O 35CILL410RIA VtUCHEt b YENUIS C.A. AGARDH {
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59. PLEC10 NEMA THURET NOTATUM 3C HMID L E-SPIRULIhA TURPIN SP.
" Data collected by Andersen a td Reetz (1975) and Farrell (1975).
9 O 6
CNS - 316a & b q
\_ / Tabic 2.1-5. Scientific and common nan.cs of fishes reported from the Missouri River between Gavins Point Dam and Rulo, Nebraska.a All species were encountered in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station except those indicated.
Common Name Scientific Name __ b Chestnut lanprey Ichthyomyzon castaneus Silver lampreyb Ichthyom/zon unicuspis Lake sturgeonu . Acipenser f ulvescens Pallid sturgeonb Scaphithynchus albus Shovelnose sturr ta Scaphithynchus plat orynclius Pa>41efich Polyodon spathula Longasse gar Lepisosteus osseus Shortnose gar Lepisosteus platostomus Bowfin Amia calva American eel Anguilla rostrata Skipjack herring Aloss chrysochloris Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum Goldeye Hiodon alosoides Northern pike Esox lucius Goldfishb 'Carassius auratus 7,. Carp Cyprinun carpio
' 'j e
Western silvery minnow Plains minnow Hybognathus argyritis-Hybonnathus plccitus Speckled chub Hybopsis aestivalis Sturgeon chubb Hybopsis gelida Flathead chub Hv apsis gracilis f b Eib'opsismeeki Sicklefin chub Silver chub Hybopsis,storeriana . Emerald shiner Notropib atherinoides River shiner Notropis blennius Common shinerb Notropis cornutus Bigmouth shiner _ Notropis dorsalis Red shiner Notropis lutrensis
- Silverband shiner D Notropis shumardi Sand shiner b Notropis stramineus Topeka shiner Notropis tnpeka Suckermouth minnow Phenacobius mirabilis Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Creek chubb Semotilus atromaculatus River carpsucker Carpiodes carpio Quillback b Carniodes evprinus Highfin carpsucker Carpiodes velifer White sucker Catostomus, commersoni Blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus Smallmouth buffalo Ic tiobus bubalus Eigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus
(^% Black buffalob Ictiobus niger LJ 2.0-34
CNS - 316a & b Tabic 2.1-5. Continued. Common Name Scientific Name Golden redhorse Moxostoma erythrurum Shorthead redhorse Moxostoma macrolepidctum Blue catfishb ictalurus furcatus Black bullhead Ictalurus melas Yellow bullhead Ictalurus natalis Brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus Channel catfish
- Ictalurus punctatus Stonecat Noturus flavus Tadpole madtom b
.Noturus gyrinus Flathead catfish fylodictis olivaris Burbot Jota lota Plains Killifish Fundulus kansae White perch Morone ,anericana White bass Morone chrysops Green sunfish Lepomis cyane11us Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus Orangespotted sunfish Lepomis humilis Bluegill Lepomis macro:hirus Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui Spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus Largemouth bass Micropte rus salmoides White crappic Pomoxis annularis Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus Iowa darter Etheostoma exile Johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum Yellow perch Perca flavescens Log perch Percina ejprodes Sauger Stizostedion canadense Walleye Stizistedion vitreum vitreum Freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens a Data collected by Gould and Schmulbach (1973), Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc . (1971, 1972, 1973) , Morris (1971), Stuckey (1972), Szmania and Johnson (1975a), Patulski (1975a) and C. Cada (unpublished data).
D Indicates those species not collected in the immediate vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station. O 2.0-35
_ -- ._._.-.._..._m.. _ _ . _ _ . - _ . _ . _ _ . . . . . _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . . . . . _ . . _ . CNS - 316a & b 3.0 THE STATION Cooper Nuclear Station is a single-cycle, forced-circulation,
- boilingswater-reactor producing steam for direct use in steam turbines.
Commercial operation began on 1 July _1975. The Station produces up to 2381 megawatts thermal _ (MWt) and has a gross electrical output of 801 megawatts electric (HWe) with a net output of 778 MWe. 11e Station employs water to dissipate rejected heat and for the dilution of. chemical wastes f rom Station water treatment. operation. Water is withdrawn from the Nebraska side of the Missouri River. The pumphouse is located flush with the protective channel works of the Corps of Engineers (Figure 3.0-1). A guidewall, designed to reduce the amount of
- sediment being taken into the plant, was completed on 2 August 1974. Four circulating pumps are available- for full pumping capacity which is 1450 cfs-
- (651,000 GPM).- Estimated velocities at the intake screens vary from 1.3. fps -
at high river levels- to 2.5 fps at low river levels (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission 1973). Af ter condenser passage the water is directed _ into a discharge canal that is approximately 1000 f t long and enters the river at a alight angle. Maximum-designed temperature increase across the condensers-is 18 F_during norma 1Loperation. At full power the _ station will reject
~
5.6 x 10 9. BTU /hr from the condensers and about 1.5 x 10 8 BTU /hr frem miscellaneous bearing cooling, pumping and waste system ancillary operations. l' O 3.0-1
CNS - 316a & b O
3.0 REFERENCES
CITED U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 1973. Final environmental statement related to operation of Cooper Nuclear Station, Nebraska Public Power District. Docket No. 50-298. 1 O l l l l 3.0-2
_ f^g CNS - 316a 6 b '
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300 200 100 0 300 s Figure 3.0-1. Site characteristics at Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownville, Nebraska. O 3.0-3
CNS - 316a 6 b 4.0 EINIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF STATION OPERATION 9 4.1 OPERATIONAL llISTORY Commercial operation of Cooper Nuclear Station began 1 July 1974. During the first 13 months of operation, the monthly net power output (MWe-net) averaged nearly 26% (July 1974) to 97% (March 1975) of the design capacity (778 MWe-net). Table 4.1-1 summarizes the daily mean operating level of Cooper Nucicar Station. The amount of Missouri River water utilized for cooling purposes varied according to the number of circulating pumps in use, river flow, and ambient water; temperature. There was considerable daily variation in Station operating level which was due to equipment failure, testing and maintenance. Power restrictions placed on Cooper Nuclear Station by the Nuclear Regulatory Conmtissjon (NRC) kept power output at 50% thermal (44% net) during July 1974 and April-July 1975 and at 75% thermal during August 1974. Daily river temperatures, discharge canal temperatures, AT, cooling water use and extent of back-washing operations during the first year of Station operation are presented in Table 4.1-2. 4.1.1 EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE Wl'Ill WATER QUALITY STANDARDS The water quality standards of the State of Nebraska (Nebraska Department of Environmental Control 1973) and the environmental protection conditions for Cooper Nuclear Station (Nebr,ska Public Power District 1974) The specific data obtained during the monitoring are listed in Table 4.1-3.
= program are summarized in Table 4.3-2. Station operation generally did not llh result in violation of any of the applicable standards.
Thermal criteria were not exceeded on any of the sampling dates A detailed discussion of temperature data is presented in Section 4.2.13. Hydrogen ion concentrations (expressed as pli), ammonia concentrations, and , specific conductance values were within the water quality criteria on all sampling dates. Chlorine was not detected in the discharge canal on any of the sampling dates. On 21 May 1974 the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the discharge and at the downstream sampling locations was below the 5.0 mg/l minimum required by state standards. This was attributed to natural oxygen depletion due to high organic loading of the river during this period (Bowling 1975). Total dissolved solids concentrations occasionally exceeded the maximtrm of 600 mg/l both upstream and downstream of Cooper Nuclear Station. Fecal coliform bacteria densities in the vicinity of the Station were within NDEC limits only on 16 June 1975 Both of these conditions are characteristic of the Missouri River (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 1971; Ballentine et al. 1970). Turbidity increases downstream of the Station greater than 10% were observed on five of 23 sampling dates. On two of these dates the turbidity of the discharge was lower than the turbidity of the downstream wate rs , precluding any effect of Station operation. On the other three dates, 4.0-1
CNS - 316a 6 b o relatively large percentages of water were diverted through the Station from the bottom of the river where turbidities are reportedly higher than on the surface (Munger' et al. 1974) . This may have accouated for the apparent increase'in' turbidity at th~e surface of waters in the discharge and at downstream 11ocations. Phenol concentrations were generally either below or slightly above the limit of 0.001 mg/1. Since this level is also the analytical detection limit, the real values of concentrations slightly above 0.001 mg/l are indistinguishable from the detection limit of 0.001 mg/1. 4.1.2 RECORDS OF SHUTDOWNS AND EFFECTS Cooper Nuclear Station experienced nearly 1400 hours of power outages during its first year of operation. Major outages (50 hours or more) which resulted in complete stoppage of discharged heat are sammarized in Table 4.1-4. Outages of shorter duration occurred primarily during the first three months of operation (Table 4.1-2). Although a comprehensive environmental monitoring program was continued when the Station became operational, there was no monitoring during shutdowns since the shutdowns were generally unscheduled. Therefore, it is not known whether appreciable harm to the biotic community occurred during shutdowns. Evidence from the literature indicates that shutdowns can cause significant- effects to biological populations during the winter , especially on fish communities (American National Standards Institute 1974; Parker and - _ () -Krenkel 1969). Aquatic organisms may occupy warmer habitats which are created
-by -the thermal discharges in preference to colder, nearby waters. A shutdown
__could result in direct death from cold shock or indirect death due to loss of equilibrium or other physiological alterations. In the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station, fish would be the most likely organisms af fected by shutdowns because_of their strict acclimation requirements'(Mount 1969). These effects would primarily occur in the winter because fish have an inherent slow rate of acclimation to low temperatures (Brett 1960). Theresi.s evidence that during the_ winter months fish are attracted
. to the discharge canal at Cooper Nuclear -Station (Szmania and Johnson 1975; C.-R. Wallace, personal communication, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, Nebraska).- It is not clear' if the _ fish are overwintering in the heated water or if they are moving _in and out; of the canal. Low recap ture of fish tagged or fin-clipped in the discharge cana1' indicates that they are not staying in the canal for extended per1ods (C. R. Wallace, personal communication, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, Nebraska). If the fish do not - remain in the warmer water and _ become acclimated to . the -
clevated temperature, the_ effects of shutdown could be minimized. If fish kills- due to shutdowns should occur, the extent of harm-would be seasonal and dependent on the temperature differential, number, species, age, size and ccondition of fishes in the discharge canal at the time of shutdown. Procedures imposed by the NRC (Nebraska Public' Power District 1974)'for scheduled shutdowns require approximately 117 hours'to reach a 1.0 AT (F) under normal conditions (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission 1973). This,in addition to the p-v scheduling of shutdowns to avoid periods of low river temperatures, should minimize the potential effects of cold shock to fish in the discharge canal. 4.0-2
~ . . . - - . _ . _ _ - _ _ _ _ __ - . _ , _ . _ _ _.._ - _ _ . . . _ _ - . . , .- _. . . . . _
CNS - 316a 6 b 4.1. 3 COPIES OF COMMUNICATIONS WITH RECULATORY AGEh'IES O Operation of Cooper Nuclear Station has a't resulted in violation of applicable state water quality standards, so there Lave been no communi-cations with state regulatory agencies concerning violations. Communications have been made with the Nuc1 car Regulatory Commission (NRC) regarding revision and violations of Enviranmental Technical Specifications. Copies of these communications are included in Appendix 4.1A. A request by NPPD on 17 January 1975 regarding an increased maximum AT across the condensers was reviewed and approved by the NRC. The cover letter to the NRC along with a justifi-cation for the change by NPPD and the letter of approval from the NRC are included in Appendix 4.lA. Also included in the Appendix is a letter dated 24 September 1975 from the NRC regarding violations of Environmental Technical Specifications limits. Incr,ases greater than 10% in turbidity and dissolved solids occurred on four dates. These increases represent differences between inlet and outlet (discharge canal) levels. Increases of greater than 10% for these parameters in the receiving waters downstream of the Station generally have not been observed (Section 4.1.1 and 4.3). O O 4.0-3
,-. . - - - ~ --. . - - _ _ _ _ - -
k h CNS - 316a & b
;o
4.1 REFERENCES
CITED American National Standards Institute. 19/4. Cold shock: guide to steam ' i electric power plant cooling system, siting, desigt. and operation for controlling damage to aquatic organisms. ANS-18.3 Committee Draf t No. 7. 30 pp. + appendix. Ballentine, R. K. , J. E. -Arden, L. P. Patrich, D. B. Hicks, and S. L. t Bugbee. 1970. Water _ quality of the Missouri River. U. S. Dep. . Inter., Cincinnati, Ohio. 34 pp. + 4 appendices.
-Bowling. T. J. 1975. Water quality evaluation. Pages 5-48 in The evaluation
- of thermal ef fects in the Missnuri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 19744 (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr.
Brett, J. R. 1960. Thermal requirements of fish - three decades of study,
-1940-1970.- Biological problems in water pollution, Tech. Report No.
W60-3. (cited by Parker and Kronkel .1969). Mount,lD. I.- 1969. Developing _ thermal requirements for freshwater fishes. Pages 140-147 in P. A.fKrenkel and F. L._ Parker, eds. Biological l -aspects of thetmal pollution. Vanderbilt Univ. Prces, Nashville, Tenn. Munger, P. R. . et al. 1974. A beseline study of the Missouri _ River: Rulo Nebraska to mouth near St. Louis, Missouri. Vol.II. Report
~ by Univ of Missouri for- Dep. of the Army, Kansas City Dist., Corps of Engineer, pp. 202- 320.
- Nebraska Department of Environmental Control. 1973. Water quality standards applicable to Nebraska waters. Nebraska Department of Environmental Control,' Lincoln, Nebr. 36 pp. + 3 supplements.
LN ebraska'Public Power District. 1974. Environmental Technical Specifications: Appendix B to Operating License No. DPR-46 for' the Cooper Nuclear Station. U. S. Atomic _ Energy Comm. Docket No. 50-298. 84 pp. + Parker, F. L..-and P.'A. Krenkel. 1969. ~ Thermal pollutions status of the art. National Center for Research and Training in the Hydrological and
.Hydrolic . Aspects of' Water Pollution Control Rep. No. 3. - -- Vanderbilt.
Univ., Nashville, Tenn._ .343 pp. lSzmania, D. C., and D.-L. Johnson.. 1975. ' Fish population and distribution study. - Pages 138-166 in The evaluation of thermal' effects in the Missouri River near Cooper ' Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories,
'Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr.
OL 4.0-4
CNS - 316a 6 b O U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 1973. Final environmental statement related to operation of Cooper Nuclear Station, Nebraska Public Power District, Docket No. 50-298. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1971. Everyone can t live upstream. Of fice of Water Quality Region V11, Kansas City, Mo. 295 pp. O l l O 4.0-5
llg O: O. O P Table 4.1-1. Mean daily percent '( %) operating level of Cooper Nuclear Station based on 'desigr capacity (778 MWe-net) 1 July 1974 - 11 July 1975. > Julv Anc. Sept. Oct. 167.' Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Ma, June ' July
- 1 1 21.6 46.4 54.0 85.9 '35.6 81.5 .95.1 .98.3 ~98.3 88.9 46.5 45.8 43.3 2 0 52.7 '63.5 91.3 70.8 77.8 95.1 97.9 98.3 -93.8 46.3 45.4, 42.4 ;
3 0 59.3 71.3 91.4L 82.9 86.1 95.2 S0.8 98.7 96.0 46.5 45.8 43.3 4 -20.0 67.4 79.2 89.7 86.6 88.8 91.9 o 98.5 97.3 46.5 45.5 43.3 4 5 46.6 59.5 79.7 83.0 67.1 90.1 29.6 0 98.7 97.6 46.0 45.0 43.3 .[ 6 48.1 ,54.0 73.5 84.2' ;6P,4 92.3 69.5 0 98.8 97.6 45.9 44.9 43.2 l 7 19.0 68.4 69.3 '64.8 22.4 -92.3 84.4. 0 '98.8 97.6 45.9 44.9 43.3 - 8 47.1' 71.2 --74.4 '5.1 76.1 8.0 87.4 0 98.6 97.4 45.5 44.7 43.2 ; 9 48.0 .70.7 79.0 . 70.1 78.7 0 89.8 11.1 98.6 97.7 45.8 44.6 43.2 10 $1.5 55.0' 33.8 '81.6 81.1 0 97.8- 53.1 98.7 97.7~ 45.8 44.6 43.4 ! 11 51.8 47.4 0 83.3' 78.7 -0 82.3 59.1 98.6 97.9 45.6 44.6' 43.7 12 '52.3 0.3'- O 89.2- 88.9 0 66.6 74.7 98.5 98.I' 45.9 44.7 44.6 44.1 44.3 0 13 52.2 0 0.1. 82.5 92.3 0 .64.4 82.3 98.5 98.1 44.3 tn i 3 14 14.0 16.1 15.8 77.5 30.3 0 65.3 90.1 96.0 98.1 1.9 44.5 44.3 : 15 .45.2 24.4 45.9 78.0 41.9 0 68.0 96.0 58.7 97.9 0 44.6 44.3
?- 16 46.8 38.3 .64.9, 15.'s 72.9 0 68.0 95.9 23.6 , 97.9 0 44.7 44.1 N ch 17 49.4 41.5 72.7 73.5 82.0 0 76.7 96.4 77.4 97.8 0.3 45.0 43.8 Ch 18 50.2 53.9 77.0 77.2 84.7 0 73.9 96.4 85.2 97.9 35.7 44.9 44.0 43.7 0'
.19 24.7 60.8 70.6 .77.8 86.5 0 88.4 96.7 91.5 '95.6 44.6 44.6 20 9.2 67.9 0 77.8 90.9 0 96.3 96.7 95.5 97.0 45.1 44.3 43.8 y >
21 35.9 72.7 1.2 77.9 91.9 0 97.7- 96.7 97.7 97.4 45.5 44.0 20.7 < I 22 1.7 72.7 30.9 29.8 91.9 0 97.9 95.5 87.5 97.2 45 2 44.2 40.6 23 0 71.6 66.3 22.0 35.2 0~ ' 80.3 87.1 87.7 94.9 f.5.1 44.1 43.3 i 24 0 60.8 82.0 72.0 ~ 41.4 30.5 88.0 95.2' 95.4 95.9 45.1 41.2 31.3 ! 25 0. 47.3 86.5 83.0 49.6' 77.1 93.8 98.6 98.6 97.3 45.4 43.8 57.2 26 0 61.7 86.7 78.0 59.4 ' 58.1' 88.3 98.6 93.1 45.9 45.4 43.4 62.6 l 27 0 2.3 51.8 76.7 66.7 21.8 95.6 98.7 71.3 46.7 26.5 43.7 68.8 28 0 0 '67.7 76.1 .72.2 63.0 98.3 98.6 88.7 46.8 42.0 43.4 72.5 t 29 - 6.1 5.5 76.1 82.5 79.4- 79.6 98.2 - 96.4 46.8 45.5 43.2 71.0 [' 30 13.6 28.5 83.7 88.4 81.6 90.6 98.1 - 96.1 46.9 45.8 43.3 82.0 31 42.7 31.5 - 62.0 - 95.1 98.3 - 97 0 - 45.8 - 81.7 i
+
i
CNS - 316a 6 b O Table 4.1-2. Daily river temperatures, discharge canal temperatures, AT ( T) and discharge flow at Cooper Nuclear Station, 1 July 1974 - 1 August 1975. CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY July, 1974 , DISCllARGE CANAL Daily Temp, (F) o T. (F) Fgowin' Average 3i for 24 hrs. s for 24 hrs. (t /sec. Back-River Unless Noteda Unless Noteda Cale'd washing Temp. From Pump (No. of Day (F) Records Hrs.) 1 - 92.1 (11 hrs)C 16.0 (11 hrs) 762 2 Shut down 53 3 Shut down 53 4 - 87.6 11.6 762 5 - 93.4 15.2 762 6 - 94.3 16.7 762 7 - 89.1 (18 hrs) 10.6 (18 hrs) 762 8 - 95.4 16.5 762 9 - 95.5 16.8 762 10 - 97.1 17.4 762 11 - 95.5 16.6 762 12 - 94.2 14.7 644 13 - 94.9 15.0 762 14 - 90.2 (16 hrs) 9.2 (16 hrs) 762 15 - 92.7 11.9 762 16 -- 96.1 15.3 762 17 - 94.9 14.3 886 18 - 93.1 12.5 1,128 19 - 91.3 (16 hrs) 10.8 (16 hrs) 1,004 20 - 91.0 (10 hrs) 10.3 (10 hrs) 768 21 - 95.4 14.8 883 22 Scrr.mmed twice (only 5 hrs data for startup) 296 23 Shut down 53 24 Shut down 59 25 Shut down 178 26 Shut down 408 27 Shut down 408 28 Shut down 408 29 - 90.4 (9 brs) 10.0 (9 hrs) 762 30 - 86.9 (21 hrs) 6.3 (21 hrs) 762 31 - 89.9 11.0 1,116 h 4.0-7
_ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ . = - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. . _ . .-_ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ . _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _
.6 CNS ,*16a & b Table 4.1-2.
~
Continued. Chs ! DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY
- August,--1974 .
DIStilARGE-CANAL Daily Temp, (F) o T. (F) Fgowin. Average Tc- for 24 hrs. R for 24 hrs. ft /sec. Back-River- Unless Noted Unless Noted Celc'd washing Temp. From Pump (No. of Day (F) Records Hrs.) 1 -- -- 89.0 11.2- 1,116 2- - 88.2 13.0 1.116 3 - 89.0 13.3 1,116 4 -
-89.0 15.0 1,116 5- -
-87.7 13.3 1,116
'6 -
85.7 13.0 1,116
- . 74 -
87.0 15.0- 1,116
'8 -
88.7 15.5 1,116 9 - 90.3 16.3 1,116-
= 10 - -
87.8. 13.0 1,116 11' - 85.3 11.3 1,116 12- Shut down 526 13- Shut down 290 14- --
-79.7 5.3 1,116 15 -.- 82.2 8.2 1,116 16- -
84.6 12.1 1,116
.17 - -
-86.2 11.5 1,116 18 -
87.2 14.3- 1,116
'19 -
.89.7- 14.8 1,116~
20 - 42.2 15.5 1,110
-21' -
93.5 16.1 -1,116 22 - 94.7 17.0 762 ,
- 23- -
95.0 17.0- 880 24 - 91.7- 14.5- 1,116
-25 -
88.2 12'3~ 1,116 (26 .- .. 91.3 14.7 1,116 27 Shut down 643-28 Shut down- 762 34.0 (8 hrs) . 9.0 (8 hrs) 762 30 - 86.3 (16 hra) 10.8 (16 hrs) 1,116 31- - 81.7 7.3 1,234 4.0-8 L1
CNS - 316a & b O Table 4.1-2. Continued. CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY September, 1974 DISCilARCE CANAL Daily Temp, ( F) o T, (F) Fgowin. Average I for 24 hrs. E for 24 hrs, ft /sec. Back-River U- Noted Unless Noted Calc'd washing Temp. From Pump (No. of Day (F ) _ _ Records llrs.) 1 - 81.7 9.7 1,470 2 - 80.7 11.8 1,470 3 - 80.8 11.8 1,470 4 - 81.7 13.0 1,470 5 - 81.5 14.0 1,470 6 - 79.8 12.4 1,470 7 - 79.0 12.2 1,470 8 - 80.8 13.1 1,470 9 - 82.7 14.8 1,470 10 - 84.0 (10 hrs) 14.0 (10 hrs) 1,234 11 Shut down 290 12 Shut down 53 13 Shut domt until 2000 526 14 - 73.8 7.6 1,234 15 - 80.5 14.9 880 16 - 77.2 12.5 1,470 17 - 80.7 14.6 1,470 18 - 82.8 15.3 1,470 19 - 83.8 14.0 1,470 20 Shut down after 0500 762 21 - 72.0 (6 hrs) 7.0 (6 hrs) 762 22 - 75.7 9.0 1,470 23 - 76.0 11.2 1,470 24 - 77.2 13.4 1,470 25 - 78.0 15.2 1,470 26 - 78.2 1! . 9 1,470 27 - 75.7 11.8 1,352 28 - 76.7 11.3 1,352 29 - 76.5 13.6 1,470 30 - 76.3 13.4 1,470 4.0-9 0
CNS - 316a & b i L Tabic 4.1-2. Continued.. CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY October, 1974 ' DISCHARGE Cf.NAL Daily : Temp, (F) 6 T (F) Fgowin Average R for 24 hrs. R for 24 hrs. -ft /sec. Back-
-River. Unless Noted Unlcus Noted Cale'd washing Temp.- From Pump. (No. .of
-Day ( F) , Records _ _llrs.)
1 - 74.8 14.4 1,470 '
-2 ' -
74.0 15.4 1,470 3' - 73.0 15.7- 1,470 4 ,- - 73.7' 15.7 1,470 5- - 73.3 16.0; 1,470 6 - 72.0 . 15.3 1,470 7 - 72.3 (18 hrn) 15.5 (18 hrs) 1,470 8 . Shut down - startup at:1600. 998 68.5-9- - 13.0 1,352 . 10 .= 70.2 15.0 1,470-11 -- 71.5 15.2 1,470
~12. -
.73.8 .16.3 1,470
'13 --
-72.5 15.5 1.470 14- .- 72.0 14.0 1,470.
-= 15 -
71.7' 15.7- 1,234 a 16 Shut down - startup at'1300 880
-17 .
72.0 16.7 1,116 18 - 7 3.~ 3 17.2 1,116 19 ~ -- 73.8 _18.0 1,116-
-20 --
74.2 18.0 1,116
,21 -
73.3 16.7 1,116 122- :- ' 72.5 (9 hrs)- 18.0 (9 hrs)- 998 23 - 65.3 (16 hrs) - 10.2-(16 hrs)- 1,'16
- 2 41 -
71.0- 114.7 1,116-25 - 72.0 15.7 1,470
-- 71.5 15.7 1,470 271 -
71.2 15.0 1,470
-28__ -
72.8 15.8 1,234
-29 -
72.8 15.3 1,470 1 s1- 30 - - 73.7 17.3 1,470 1s_) 31 - 74.5.(17 hrs) 16.5-(17 hrs) 1,234 l 4.0-10
CNS - 316a 6 b Tabic 4.1-2. Continued. CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY .Mo ve mbe r , 1974 DISCilARGE CANAL Daily Temp, (F) o T. (F ) Fgow in - Average R for 24 hrs. R for 24 hrs. ft /sec. Back-River Unless Noted Unless Noted Cale'd washing Temp. From rump (No. of Day (F) Records _ llrs . ) 1 - 68.0 10.2 998 2 - 71.0 11.7 1,470 3 - 72.0 15.4 1,470 4 - 70.8 16.3 1,467 5 - 65.5 14.1 1,453 6 7 63.8 (19 hrs) 62.0 (8 hra) 13.8 (19 hrs) 13.8 (8 hra) 1,453 1,098 h 8 - 65.0 14.5 1,216 9 - 63.3 13.5 1,453 10 - 64.8 14.3 1,453 11 - 64.0 13.9 1,453 12 - 64.3 15.3 1,453 13 - 63.7 16.3 1,453 14 - 62.0 (8 hrs) 13.0 (8 hrs) 1,334 15 - 53.5 11.7 1,216 16 - 56.2 14.7 1,453 17 - 57.5 16.3 1,453 18 - 59.3 17.3 1,453 19 - 61.0 17.0 1,453 20 - 62.3 17.0 1.453 21 - 61.8 17.7 1,453 22 - 61.3 17.5 1,453 23 - 54.0 12.8 1,216 24 - 52.8 10.8 1,216 25 - 52.3 11.9 1,453 26 - 52.5 11.6 1,453 27 - 52.8 13.8 1,453 28 - 53.0 13.7 1,453 29 - 53.0 16.5 1,453 30 - 53.8 16.5 1,453 0 4.0-11
CNS - 316a & b i Table 4.1-2. - Continued. CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY DISCllARGE CANAL _ Daily. Temp, (F) o T, '(F ) Fgowin. Average R for 24 hrs. E for 24 hrs. ft /sec. Back- - River - Unicas Noted Unless Noted Calc'd washing Temp. From Pump (No. of *
. Day (F ) Records lirs . )
- 53.0 17.0 _1,453 -
52.0 17.0 1,453 3 - 52.'2 18.0 1,453 4- - 52.7 18.0 1,453 5 - 52.2 17.0 -1,453-6- -- .54.7 17.7 1,453
- -7 .- 54.5 -17.5 1,453 8- . Shut down at 0400 508 9 Shut down 48 10- Shut down 520
'll Shut-down 172 12 Shut down 142 13- Shut down 53
-14 -Shut'down 53 15 -Shut'down -53 Shut down'- 53
'17 Shut-down- 759 18 Shut down 1,101 19 Shut-down 508 20 - Shut down'- 508
- 21. -Shut down 390 22 Shut down 390 g .23 Startup commencing'1638 ' 744 24 -
49.0 17.0 980' 25 31 -59.8 26.8 _ 1,098
.26 -
58.5 (al6 hrs) 26.5 (~16 brs) 1,104 27- 34- 53.5 (~16 hrs) 19.5 A 16 hrs) .626 28- 34- 55.0 21.0 980 29_ .
-54.9= 23.1 1,216
'30 34: 54.6 20.6 1,453 31- 35.5' 57.5 22.0 1,334 0
4.0-12
' y = e m e cw- r gyt -p ,.-yy 9 g , - - - - - - + ~.
7 __.,9 7-9 y g
CNS - 316a & b Table 4.1-2. Continued. i l CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY January, 1975 DISCllARGE CANAL Daily Temp, (F) c. T , '(F ) Fgovin Average 2 for 24 hrs- R for 24 hrs. ft /sec. Back-River Unless Noted Unless Noted Cale'd . washing Temp. From Pump (No. of Day (> F)_ Records llrs.) 1 35 60.7 25.7 1,098 2 34.5 60.7 26.0 1,098 3 33 60.9 27.9 1,098 4 33.8 60.5 26.6 1,098 1 5 34.3 55.3 (15 hrs) 21.1 (15 hrs) 980 6 34.3 59.1 25.0 1,335 7 34.3 59.8 25.6 1,335 8 9 34.8 35.0 60.8 61.0 25.9 26.0 1,098 1,098 1 h 10 35 61.5 26.5 1,098 11 34.5 62.5 28.0 1,453 12 33.7 61.6 26.0 1,335 13 33 62.0 29.0 1,453 14 33 61.0 7. 8, 0 1,216 1 15 33 61.7 (19 hrs) 28.7 (19 hrs) 980 16 - 62.2 29.2 750 17 34 59.2 25.5 827 18 35.5 56.7 21.4 1,098 19 34.5 58.2 23,5 1,098 20 34.5 58.9 24.6 1,098 21 35 59.1 24.0 1,098 22 34 58.7 24.7 1,098 3 23 34 56.3 22.3 980 24 35.0 54.4 19.5 1,098 25 35 57.6 22.7 1,098 3 26 35 56.4 21.4 1,098 27 35 57.3 22.3 1,098 28 32.8 64.3* 31.4 986 29 33 70.c 37.6 762 30 33 70.5 37.5 762 31 33.5 67.1 33.4 762
- Plume mapping initiated - one circ water pump secured.
De-icing recirculation on during all hours of operation. 4.0-13
. . . - . . - - . . - - . - . - - - . - - - ~ - - - _ ~ - , - . . -
t
'CNS - 316a & b Table 4.1-2. Continued. l CNS ,
DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY February, 1975 DISCHARGE CANAL ~ Daily Temp, (F ) A T, (F) Fgowin Average' R for 24 hrs. E for 24 hrs. ft /sec. Back-River' Unicss Noted Unless Noted Calc'd washing . Temp. From Pump- (No. of ~ Day (F)- Records lira. ) l 33.0 66.1 34.I 762 2 33 66.7 33,7 762 3- -33 62.2 29.6 762 4 Shut.down 750 5: Shut down '72 6 Shut down 36
-< Shut down 154
-8 Shut down
=
390 9 33 42.8 (16 hrs) 9.8 (16 hrs) 744 10 33 52.2 19.1 744 _11 33- 53,4 20,4 744 12 33 59.1 26.I 744 33 62.0 29.0 744 2 14 : 33.- -62.9 29.9 744 15 - 63.5 30.5 *;44 16 j 33 59.2 26,2 862 1 17 - 54.5 21.5 1,098 18 -
- 55.0 22.0 1.098 19 33 55.1 22. l~ 1,098 1
20= 35 55.4. -21.5 1,098 21 - 56.6 21.6 1,ogg-22- - 57.I 22.4 1,098 ~2
'23- -
54.4 19,4 1.098 2
;24 35 55.9 20.9 1,098 1 25 --
57.1 21.I 1,ogg 26; -
-57.9 1
21.9 1,098 1
.27 - - -
57.8 22.4 l~,116 1 28 37 '59.3- -22.3 1,116-De-icing recirculation r n' during all hours of operation. O 4.0-14
CNS - 316a & b Table 4.1-2. Continued. CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY March, 1975 DISCHARGE CANAL Daily Temp, (F) o T. ( F) Fgowin Average i for 24> hrs. E for 24 hrs, ft /sec. Back-River Unless Noted Unless Noted Calc'd washing Temp. From Pump' (No. of Day (F) Records Hrs.) 1 38 59,5 22.0 1,116 3 2 37 59.2 22.2 1,116 2 3 36.5 58.6 22.0 1,116 2 4 36 58.8 22.8 1,116 1 5 36 66.1 29.6 880 6 36 65.8 29.8 762 7 35 66.1 30.4 762 8 36 65.5 29.5 762 9 10 35.0 34.5 65,2 64.6 29.6 30.1 762 759 h 11 35.5 64.8 29.5 744 12 36 64.9 28.9 744 13 35.3 65.5 29.7 744 14 36.0 64.8 28.8 744 15 36.3 55.5 (22 hrs) 19.3 (22 hrs) 744 1 16 37.0 49.1 (16 hrs) 12.1 (16 hrs) 744 17 38.0 60.6 23.0 744 18 39.0 63.1 24.1 744 19 39.8 66.2 26.3 744 20 40.0 68.1 28.1 744 1 21 40.0 68.7 28.7 744 1 22 40.0* 66.3 26.3 744 3 23 42.5 67.7 25.2 744 1 24 43.3 71.1 27.8 744 25 39.0 67.4 28.4 744 2 26 39.0 61.5 22.5 744 2 27 39.0 55.8 16.8 827 28 36.6 54.5 17.9 980 29 35.4 55.0 19.5 1,098 30 35.3 55.1 19.7 1,098 31 36.0 55.3 19.3 1,098 De-icing recirculation on all day March 1-28 and for 5 hrs. on the 29tb
- Resistance temperature detector problem identified and corrected, bi 4.0-15
-- . .- . . . - = - - - . - . - - - . . . . - - . . - - - . .
CNS - 316a & b Table 4.1-2. Continued. l l l CNS - DATA FOR_316(a) STUDY April, 1975 DISCilARGE CANAL Daily Temp, F) o T, '(F) Fgowin . Average i for 24(hrs. E for 24 hrs, it /sec. Back-washing River- Unless Noted Unless Noted Calc'd . Temp. From Pump (No. of
-Day (F ) _ Records _ . Ilrs. )
1 37.7 56.8 19.1 1,098 2 34.8 54.6 19.8 1,098 3 33.5: 53.3 19.8 1,098 4 34.4 53.6 19.2 1,098 5 37.5 56.9 19.5 1,098 6- 40.5 60.5 20.0 1,098 - 7 42.2 62.3 20.1 1,098
- 8. 43.0 62.3 '19. 3 1,098 k /
9= 43.6- 62.2 18.6 1,098 1 10 42.8 61.7 18.9 1,098 11 42.7 61.3 18.6 1,098 12 43.0 61.5 18.5 1,098
- 13. 43.2 62.3 19.0 1,098 14- 43.7 62.7 19.0 1,098 15 45.3 63.8 18.6 1,098 Ll6 48.8- 66.6 17.8 -1,098 1
-17 50.7 69.4 18.7. 1,098 18 51.2 72.0 20.8 1,098 19; 48.8 69.6 20.9 1,098 20 47.2 67.8 20.7 1,098
- 21. 48.1 67.7 19.7 1,098
- 22 49.0 68.9 19.9 1,098 1 23 51.9 71.2 19.2 1,098
;4 2 53.7 74.5 20.8 1.334 10 25 55.1 75.3 20.2 1.216 9
'26- 56.3 69.3 13.0 -862' 27' 57.0 71.8 14.8 744
- 28-- 57.8 :72.3 14.5 744 1 29' 58.7 71.5 12.8 744- 1 30 58.4 71.8 13.5' 744 De-icing recirculation (11 day on the following days - 1, 2, 5, and f or the j~
designated hours on each of the following days - 3rd-8 hrs., 4th-8 hrs., 6th-9 hrs., 7th-11 hrs., 8th-15 hrs. l I 4.0-16
- - . ~ , , _
~ 1 CNS - 316a & b Table 4.1-2. Continued. h CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY May, 1975 DISCRARGF, CANAL Daily Temp, ( F) o T, (F) Fgowin Average R f or 24 hrs. R for 24 hrs, ft /sec. Back-River Unless Noted Unless Noted Calc'd washing Temp. From ? ump (No. of Day (F) Records Hrs.) 1 57.2 71.2 13.9 744 2 56.0 70.4 14.4 744 3 54.3 70.0 15.7 744 4 57.3 71.7 14.4 744 5 60.5 73.9 13.6 744 6 62.2 76.8 14.5 744 7 63.0 77.8 14.8 744 2 8 63.7 79.2 15.5 744 9 10 64.2 66.0 78.8 77.9 14.5 11.9 744 744 lll 11 64.8 77.4 12.6 744 12 64.2 77.4 13.2 744 13 65.0 77.8 12.8 744 14 Shut down at 0200 508 15 Shut down 36 16 Shut down 36 17 Shut down 1,104 18 67.3 74.3 7.0* 1,098 19 68.0 78.4 10.4 986 20 70.5 82.1 11.6 762 21 71.7 82.7 11.0 762 22 73.3 84.4 11.0 762 1 23 73.7 85.1 11.4 762 24 73.3 84.8 11.4 762 1 25 71.7 83.7 12.0 762 1 26 71.3 84.0 12.7 762 27 71.3 79.3 (19 hrs) 8.0 (19 hrs) 762 2 28 70.7 80.8 10.1 762 29 69.0 81.6 12.6 762 2 30 68.0 79.6**(6 hrs) 11.6 (6 hrs) 762 31 65.7 78.1 12.5 762
*Pover going up. ** Discharge canal monitor out of crder 8 hrs. gg 4.0-17 t
u CNS - 316a & bl Table 4.1-2. . Continued. CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY June, 1975 DISCIIARGE CANA1. Daily Temp, (F) o T, ( F) Fjovin Average A for 24' hrs. 3E f or 24 hrs. ft /sec. Back-River Unless Noted Unless Noted Calc'd , washing Temp. From Pump (No. of Day T F) , _, ._ Records llrs . ) i 1 66.6 78.5 12.0 762 1 2 f. 7.1 79.0 11.9 762
.3 66.1 79.3 13.1 762
'4 69.0 81.7 12.7 762
.5 69.6 82.1 12.5 762 6 69.5- 83.1 13.6- 762 7 7 0. 0 -- 83.8 13.8 762 O- 8 -69.3 83.2 13.6 762 V- 9 68.7 82.7- 14.0 762 10 68.0 81.8 13.8 762 11 66.3 80.4 14.1 762 12 66.3 79.7 13.3 762 13-- 67.7 80.9 13.3 762 14 -68.0 81.9 13.9 762 15 68.0 81.5 13.5 .762 16 67.3. 81.3 13.9 762 17- 69.3- 82.7 13.4 762
- 18 '69.3- 82.9 13.6 762 19 70.7 84.C 13.3 762 20 72.7 85.1 12.4 762 21 74.0 -86.0 12.0 762
- 22 72.7- 86,3 13.0 762 23- 74.7 86.9 12.3 762
- 24 75.0 86.1 11.1 762
-25 75.2 86',3 11.I 762 26 76.0 87.1 11.1 762 3 27 77.7 89.0 11.4 762
'2 8 -- 77.3 89.8* - 12,5 762 29 78.5 92.9 14.4 762 30 78.7: 91.1 12.5 880
- Recorder not responding during one 8-hour shift.
O 4.0-18 .a._., . - - - , - . . - - -. .- - , , . - - _ . . . - .- - , ,
CNS - 316a 6 b Table 4.1-2. Continued, h i CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY July, 1975 DISCllARGE CANAL Daily Temp (O o T. (F) Fgowin Average i for 24 hrs. R for 24 hrs. ftCale'd
/sec. ' Back-River Unless Noted Unicss Noted washing Temp. From Pump (No. of Day (F) Records llrs.)
1 80.3 91.1 10.7 1,122 1 2 81.0 94.1 13.4 762 3 80.3 92.4 12.1 998 1 4 82.0 91.9 9.9 1,063 5 82.3 92.4 10.0 1,116 1 6 82.3 93.1 10.7 1,116 1 7 83.2 93.2 10.0 1,116 1 8 9 82.7 82.0 92.7 93.6 10.1 11.6 1,116 1,116 1 1 g 10 81.0 90.7 9.7 998 1 11 79.3 89.7 10.3 1,116 1 12 76.7 88.0 11.3 1,116 1 13 76.0 86.9 10.9 1,116 1 14 75.3 85.8 10.4 1,116 15 75.2 85.5 10.3 1,116 2 16 75.7 86.0 10.4 1,116 1 17 77.0 86.7 9.7 1,116 2 18 77.3 87.0 9.7 1,116 1 19 77.3 87.3 10.0 1,116 1 20 76.7 87.7 11.0 1,116 2 21 77.3 85.3 8.1 1,116 22- 78.0 88.2 10,2 998 1 23 78.3 89.0 10.4 1,116 24 78.3 90.1 12.0 1,116 1 25 78.5 91.3 12.9 1,116 26 78.5 92.7 14.3 1,15.6 1 27 78.7 93.4 14.7 1,116 28 78.8 93.8 14.9 1,234 29 79.3 92.9 13.6 1,234 30 80.3 94.6 14.3 1,470 31 80.3 95.1 14.7 1,470 4.0-19
-CNS - 316a & b z: . Table 4.1-2. Continued.
CNS DATA FOR 316(a) STUDY August, 1975 - DIScilARGE CANAL Daily Temp, ,(F) A T, ( F) Fgowin-Average R for 24 hrs. E for 24 hrs, ft /sec. Back-River Unless Noted Unless Noted Cale'd . washing Temp. From Pump (No. of Day' (F) Records _ llrs. ) _ 1 -80.3 93.9 13.6 1,470
' " Data obtained from Statzon-daily surveillarce logs compiled in-accordance with Cooper Nuclear-Station operating procedure. t
( - .bf 6T (F) for dates that daily averago river temperatures were not' available were determined from the condenser inlet and condenser outlet temperatures. c Number of hours that the mean (x) temperatures were determined if lesa than 24 hrs of data 'available. s t O - 4.0-20 li t L _ . _ , -. ._ _. ~ . . . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ , _ . . . . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _
+
Table 4.1-3. Water Quality Standards of the State of Nebraska and Environmental Technical Specifi-cations of the Cooper Nuclear Station applicable to the Missouri Rivar. Water Quality Standards Emironwntal P. tection Conditions Nebraska Department of Environmental Control Environ-ental Technical Specifications Paraeeter (Cisss "A" Waters) Cooper % clear Station Water temperature The terperature of the receiving water shall not Flant operation vill be controlled to prevent be increased by a total of more than 5* F (2.8
- C) the thermal pluw issuing froe the plant from natural. Maximum rate of change limited exceeding 5* F (2.8
- t) t.T in su m rtime to 2* F (1.1
- C) per hour. For warm waters the and 10* F (5.5* C) t>T in vintertire outside a maximsa limit is 90* F (32.2* C). mixing rone devastream of the dischstge canal.
Flant operati w miso vill be controlled to prevent the 5* F (2.8* C) isothern frem exceeding a width of 1/; of the river and a distance 7500 feet from the discharge ca-al cutlet. In addition, the therral patterns created by stattori~ oper., tion will be controlled so that the teeperature outside the eixing zone vill net exceed 90* F (32.2* C) as a Q result of station operation. *>2 .O I o Oxygen, dissolved Shall not be lower than 5 mg/l in varm veters. I ~ g u s pH Sha,11 be maintained between 6.5 and 8.5 with a The hydrogen ion conter.t in the discharge canal maximum total chanFe of 0.5 pH unit from the is to be maintained bet een 6.5 and 9.0 pH units. { value in *he receiving waters. No single unit of discharge to change the water " in the discharge canal more than 0.5 pH unit. tr Chlorine, total The concentration of total residual chlorine from all combined sources in the discharge canal shall not be greater than 0.1 vg/1. Am enia Amraonia nitrogen concentrations shall not exceed 3.5 mg/l in warn waters where the pH in tiese waters does not exceed a pH value of 8.3. Solids, total dissolved A point source discharge shall not increase the total dissolved solids concentratim of the receiving stream by more than 10% and in no case shs11 the total dissolved solids of a stream exceed 600 mg/1. s m N:tance, specific A point source discharge shall not increase The conductivity of the receiving water shall the conductivity of the receiving water by more not increase by more than 10% as a result of than 10% and in no case shall the conductivity plant discharges. exceed 900 micrombos per centimeter at 25* C. O O O
* . . n O O O Table 4.1- 3. Continued.
Water Quality Standards !.nvireneental Protection Conditiens Enviromtni Technical Specifications Nebraska Department of Environmental Control C m er W elear Statim Parameter In no case shall the turbidity caused by vastewater Turbidity from vastewater shall not impart more j Turbidity than a 10* increase to the water in the impart more than a 10% increase in turbidity to discharge canal. the receiving water, Phenols l'henolo concentrations shall not exceed l'.001 eg/1. Bacteria, fecal coliform Fecal coliform organisms shall not exceed a reemetric eean of 200 per 100 milliliters, vor equal or exceed 400 per 100 milliliter in more than 107. of the samples. Z tn
.F LI O w ~
P 7 I l
CNS - 316a 6 b Tabic 4.1- 4. Record of major power outages (50 hours or nore) at Cocper O T Nucioar Staticn which resulted in complete stoppage of discharged head, 1 July 1974 - 1 Aununt 197!. 4 t Dhte Duration (ll r s) Cause _ . _ , , , July 1, 1974 $2.6 Equipment malit ittien m July 22,19i'4 154.2 Maintenance
.. ~
August 12, 1174 56 v Equipment malfunction August 27, 1974 63.0 Equipment malfunction September 10, 1974 61.2 Equipment malfunction December 8,1974 3r Maintenance and testing February 3, 1975 135.2 Testing and inspection May 14, 1975 92.8 Maint<>.ince O 4.0-23
r r 4 CNS - 316a 6 b 4.2 ENGINt.CP"M AND HYDROLOGY DATA { 4.2.1 RIV2R F W DATA I River flow data have been recorded upstream of Cooper Nucicar : Station at Hebre.ska City, Nebraska, (PJi 526.6) since 1929 (d. S. Department of Interior 1.974 Maximum and minimum flows on record occurred prior to : closure of the main stem reservoir system. Flow in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station depends primarily on the regulated discharges f rom Gavins f Point Dam. Open water releases f rom Gavins Point Dam generally range f rom ; 25000 to 35000 efs during tho' navigation season (normally 1 April to 1 Decemoer and daily releases of about 6000 to about 20000 cfs are made - during the non-navigatfors season _ (Munger et al.1974). During the navigation season, minimum discharges are generally 31000 cfs at Nebraska City and for purposes of maintaining channel depth, average discharges are generally 6000 cfs higher than the minimum. Tributaries add minimal amounts of water to the Missouri River except;during periods of excessive runoff (Nebraska Natural Hesources Connission 1975). . Maximum and minitoum flows recorded between 1965 and 10-' "ere 165,000 and 6420 cfs, respectively (Table 4.2-1). .
.The 7-day once-in-It ar low flow has been calculated for summer and winter seasons to be 30900 = = 8000 cfs, respectively (V. S. Atomic Energy Commissf on 1973).
_ 4.2.'2 CURRENT DATA
~
lilotorically, current velocities generally have not been recorded in thn vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station. Studies in the Missouri River have been conducted, however . by the U. S. Array Corps of Engineers en current ; velocities (Munger et al. 1974). Velocities of 5.0 6.5 fps during flows of 30000 to 70000 cfs have been' reported frou. Rulo Nebraska, to St.-Joseph, Missouci. These are mean velocities taken in the navigational channel. The U.-S. Army Corps of Enhineers has reported that the current in the water segment-butveen Nebraska City, Nebraska..and St. Joseph, Missouri, is the fastest along the entire river (K. Murnan, personal communication, U. S. Corps of Engineers, Omaha,_ Nebraska). Current velocities taken during pre- and postoperational_ monitoring studies indicate _ that current varies both spatially and- temporally, depending on flea ;onditions (Table 4.2-2). These velocities were measured-from the Nebraska side _of the river usually off the ends of . wing dt.as or along revetments. Velocities ranged from 0.7 f ps in November 1973 to 7.9 fps in June 1973. Flow conditions on these dates were 40900 and 60600 cfs, respectively. - 4.2 3- \MBIENT TDiPERATURE OF THE RECEIVING WATERS H. 'torical records of ambient water temperature of the Missouri-River are not a3 11able at Cooper Nuclear Station except those data _ collected
- during field monit wing studies (Table 4.3-2) and data collected during Station operation (Teble 4. 9). Records of ambient water temperature are available f rom the U. S. Geologit.. ' Yurvey since 1951 at the . Nebraska City gauging station
- l. (RM 562.6)-located 30.1 miles upstream of Cooper _Nucicar station. Water OE ten.perature of the 141ssouri River generally ranged from 32 F (O C) in the - ,
4.0-24 I L _ . . _ . _ _a,,-_._______.-~_._ _ _. ._._. .___u._ _ _.
CNS - 316a 6 b winter to 80 F (26.5 C) in the summer (Table 4.2-3). Extreme t mporatures reported at Nebraska City within the last 10 years wet e 31 F ( 0.5 C) and 84 F (29 C). The number of days during this ten-year period when water temperatures surpassed 80 F did not exceed 19 days f or any given yvar. Data collected at Nebraska City and at Cooper Nuclear Station are compatuble because the travel time f rom RM 560 to RM 530 is estimated to be only 5-10 hrs, depending on flow conditions (Ballentine et al. 1970). Mean monthly temperatures indicate thai winter minimi temperatures generally occur . rom December through February; spring transitional tempentures f rom March through May; surmrier maximal temperatures from June through August; and fall transitional temperatures from September through November (Tabic 4.2-4). Temperatures, averaged over seveo-day periods, indicat e that ' transitions in temperatures may vary f rom year to year (Table 4.2-3). 4.2.4 METEOROLOGICAL DATA Meteorological data which define the regional climate near Cooper Nuclear Station have been collect.ed and compiled in various reports and summaries by the Environmental Data Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and other sources. Cooper Nuclear Station is located .?n the west bank of the Missouri River in the southeast climatological section of Nebraska. The site is located in the interior of the North Aueric.n Continent, about 800 {lll miles from the Gulf of Mexicc,1000 miles f rom the North Atlantic Ocean, and 600 miles cast of the Rocky Mountains. The Station elevation is 903 f t above mean sea level. Due to the geographic location, intrusions of polar air masses from the north 'uring the winter and tropical maritime air masses f rom the Gulf of Mexico in spring and summer cause strong meridional (north-south) air flow throughaut the year. As a result, the weather is typical of the interior of the North American Continent with hot summers, cold winters, and large annual variations an tempera ture and rainf all. During 1969 a 318 f t tower was installed at an elevation of 890 ft above mean sea level and instrumented to collect meterological data at tFe Station. Data collection began during January 1970 and consisted of the fol-lowing: wind speed and direction at the 310 ft level; differential temperature between the 318 ft and 155 ft levels, and the 318 ft and 35 f t levels; air tem-perature at the 35 ft, 155 f t , and 318 f t levels; and precipitation. In December 1974, an additional v'nd recorder was added to the system at the 35 ft level. The ansite data are limited to a five-year record, which is too abort to adequately 6efine the climate but has value in assessing whether or not the climate is typical of the region. Data f rom nearby U. S. Weather Bureau stations were used to .epresent the long-term climate of the region. Long-term records of temperature and precipitation were used from Auburn, 10 miles west; wind, evaporation, g and wet bulb temperature records from Omaha, 60 miles north were used; W cnd Lincoln was used for its records of solar radiation and cloud cover. 4.0-25
P F h CNS - 316a 6 b (}- 4.2.4.1 _Tempe ra t u re The annual mean temperature at Auburn, Nebraska, (10 miles 'INW of the site) is 53 F and varies f rom a mean monthly low of 26 F in January to a mean monthly high of 78 F in July. The annual variations of the monthly mean, mean daily maximuu, and mean daily temperatures for Auburn, Nebraska, are 3 given in Table 4.2-$. The highest and lowest temperatures on record were 113 F and -35 F, respectively. Data from Cooper Nuc1 car Station (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1974) have shown a high of 103 F and a low of
-26 F durinC the past four years.
Temperature data collected on the site have compared favorably with the Auburn data. Maximum temperatures of 90 F or above occur about 49 days each summer and minimum temperatures of 32 F or below occur about 137 days each l , winter. The stan growing season extends from 20 April to 20 Octcher and consists of-175 frost-free days. 14.2.4.2 Wind Speed and Wind Direction l The joint frequency distribution of wind speed and wind direction. using four years of onsite meteorological data from the 318 f t level is given LO in Table 4.2-6 and its seasonal variation is shown in Figure 4.2-1 and 4.2-2. l The prevailing winds are southerly during the summer and autumn and become northerly during the winter. The f requent intrusion of cold polar air masses from the north end tropical maritime air masses from the Gulf of Mexico induces a strong- meridional component to the flow throughout the year.- The wind speed and vind direction persistences from onsite meteorological observations show that changes in sind speed and wind direction . i occur frequently. In general, the longer wind speed persistences were associated with the mid-range wind speeds (8-12 mph and 13-18 mph classes). The monthly mean wind speed and maximum speeds have been compiled for Omaha. based on an 89-year record. These data are presented in Table 4.2-7. The annual mean speed is approximately 11 aph. Surface wind usually is strongest during the winter and spring and relatively weak during the summer. Strong winds are likely to occur during any month. The greatest wind speed _ recorded was 109 mph. Speeds greater than 50 mph have been-recorded during all months-of the year. 4.2.4.3- Precipitation'and Evaporation are given in.The monthly:and Table 4.2-8. annual precipitation statistics at Auburn, Nebrrska,. The mean annual precipitation at Auburn in 34.74
-A- inches, over 70% of which occurs in'the six-month period from t.pril through September.
U- . of the region.The variation in rainfall is quite evident and is characteristic Data f rom Cooper Nuc1 car Station and Auburn- show the same annual pattern; however, precipitation at the Station tends to be less than at, 4.0-26 s% --., a.-.x,._ _ _ _ , ._._.,_ _.,_ _ _ _ _.,_ _ ,,_ _ _ _ _._ _
CNS - 316a 6 b O Auburn. part of this bias is due to the inability of the Station's rain gauge to record snowfall during the winter. During the last century, the annual totals have varied from about 18 incher, in the driest year to over 57 inches in the wet:est year. The standard deviation of the annual rainfall at the site is 7.2 inches. The mean annual amount of snowfall is 35 inches .n this region. The monthly snowfall usually attains its maximum in February and March. , The correlation between the class A pan and lake evaporation has been determined for the continental United States (U. S. Department of Commerce 1968). The annual mean values of evaporation from a water reservoir can be calculated using data f rom a class A pan located in the vicinity of the reservoir by the following equat ion: 1 En=ER p En = lake evaporation Ep = class A pan evaporation R = coefficient for the class A pun and lake evaporation which has a tnean value of 0.72 in this region The class A pan evaporation in this area averages 59 inches. Using the above equation, the lake evaporation was determined to be 42 inches per h year. Seventy-six percent of the evaporation occurs between May and October. Monthly evaporation varies less than monthly precipitation; drought often develops after several weeks or months without rairfall or with less than normal amounts of rainfall. Evapotranspiration data areThe not available from the site or surrounding U. S. Weather Bureau staticns. evapotranspiration from short green grass cannot exceed the evt.poration from an open water surface exposed to the same weather conditions. Therefore, the evapotranspiration is always less than or equal to the lake evaporation. 4.2.4.4 Atmospheric Moisture The moisture content of the atmosphere is measured by the relative humidity (ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vaper that the air can hold). The monthly mean relative humidity and the monthly incan wet bulb air temperature at Auburn, Nebraska, are given in Table 4.2-9 Monthly mean relative humidity values vary little from month to month. The highest values were recorded in the winter when the least amount of water can be held by the atmosphere. Large diurnal changes in relative humidity are caused by the large variations in air temperature. Thus, the relative humidity is greatest just before sunrise and least in the middle and late afternoon. O 4.0 _7
i CNS - 316a 6 b 4.2.4.5 Cloud Cover and Radiation Balance Monthly statistics on cloud cover and solar radiation are presented in Table 4.2-10. Data do not exist in this region for the not radiation at the carth's surface. The net radiation is the sum of the incoming solar radiation j and atmospheric radiation less the amount of upward long wave radiation f rom the carth. The maximum amount of solar radiation 10 received during July and the least is received duritig December. Due to the presence of clouds througout the year, only 65% >of the possible sunshine is received at the site. 4.2.4.6 Atmospheric Stabilit_v - Differential temperatures-(318 f t - 35 f t) were used to classify the atmospheric stability. Three years of onsite meteorological monitoring data were used to estimate the dif fusion conditions at the site (Industrial " BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1974). The percentage of occurrence of each temperature stability class is tabulated below: Class percent Extremely stavle 5.3 Moderately stable 9.5-
'( ) Slightly stable Neutral 22.5 31.3 Slightly unstable 5.0 .
Moderately unstable 3.5 Extremely unstable 22.9 These data show that neutral slightly stable, and extremely unstable temperature stabilities-are common occurrences at Cooper Nuclear Station. Large seasonal variations in the occurrence of each atmospheric temperature stability class are not uncommon. The neutral and slightly stable classes are most prevalent in winter and spring seasons. The frequency
.of occurrence for the extremely unstable class is about 28% from June to No"<m' o er and few of the extremely unstable class occur from December to May.
During the four years of cecord (1970-1974), the-mean persistence-for all temperature stability classes was not more than a few hours. One-60-hour persistence has been -observed f or the neutral stability class; however, the medium persistence for this class was only two hours. In contrast, the unstabic class'has a median. persistence of six hours and a maximum of 42
-hours. The stable classes are most prevalent during the night whereas unstable classes occur most frequently during the daylight hours.
4.2.5 _ DEPTH . CONTOURS OF INTAKE AND RECEIVING WATER Depth profiles of the-Missouri River bed, which were measured ' during May, August, October 1974, and May 1975, are presented in Figure . 4.2-3. These profiles represent seasonal conditions of the riverbed topography.
-[
4.0-28
CNS - 316a 6 b O The depths were measured in conjunction with thermal plume surveys by sounding with a 75 lb lead weight. The May 1974 profile represents the bottom configuration prior to commercial operation of the Station. There were no permanent large scale changes in the riverbed between May 1974 and May 1975. It is also ev4. dent that no significant changes took place at PJi 532.2, suggesting th s. dischargen from the s.ation did not influence the bottom configuration. The discharged volumes were apparently too small (max. 1450 cfs) to cause any scouring, i 4.2.6 INTAKE CONFIGURATION AND OPERATION . The pumphouse is located at RM 532.5 flush with the protective channel works of the U. S. Army Corps of Eng16ects. River water is drawn into the Station through eight screen bays.' The water first passes through trash racks which exclude latge objects, then through traveling screens with mesh openings of about 3/8 in, and finally it is pumped through the cooling system by 4 pumps with a combined pumping capa:ity of 1450 cf s. The heavy silt load of the river necessitated the construction of a guidewall along the face of the intake structure to divert silt sway from the intake bays (Figure 4.2-4). Rive rations are critical to the operation of the intake facility at Coop ( clear Station because they af fect the intake velocity to the screens. The intake velocity to the screens is higher at lower lh water levels. At full pumping capacity the velocity in approximately 2.5 fps at low river levels (below 11000 cfs nr 8/4.5 ft MS11 At higher river flows the velocities will approximate 1.3 fpo. The streens are cleaned by flushing with an automatic screen wash system. The materials flushed from the screens are returned to the river via a discharge chute. The intake structure is designed to use warmed circulation system water for backwashing into the screen well to control frazzle ice which may clog the intake screens and pump intake chambers, Because of the great amount of debris in the Missouri River the traveling screens are in continuous operation, unless shutdown for maintenance purposes. 4.2.7 OUTFALL CONFIGURATION AND OPERATION Water leaving the condenser system is collected in a large manifold before trr.veling through a seal wcil, a control structure and the discharge canal (Figures 4.2-4 and 4.2-5). The discharge canal is approxi-mately 1000 f t long and enters the river at a slight angle. Like the intake, river level is important in determining the velocity of the discharge. Discharge velocities taken near the mouth of the discharge canal ranged from 1.3 fps at 27000 cf s with 2 circulating pumps operating to 5.6 f ps at 37600 c's with 3 circulating pumps operating (Bowling 1975). Travel time through the pumphouse - condenser - canal system is about 20 minutes at high flow and 10 to 12 minutes at low river levels. O 4.0-29
l CNS - 316a & b
.8 COOLING k'ATER FLok' The average aucunt during tht first 13 months of operation varied from 881 cfs atof cooling water used at Cooper 40-50% unit load to 1299 cia at 80-90% unit load (Table 4.2-11). Seasonal variations in water temperatures and Station operatinh IcVels were responsibic for the differences in AT /.F) between the various unit load percentagesThe .
25 April cooling 1975 water was used.(Table 4.1-2) when water temperatures were lowest an AT of 23.1 F (12.9 C) at 90 - 100% unitk* hen combined, these f actors caused a high average load. water 744 flow for
- 1470 cfs,the 90 - 100% unit load level wasThe range for AT nnd cooling respectively.
I 15.4 - 37.6 F (8.5 - 20.9 C) and cceded 80% on only 19 days. During the remaining months, the unit load ex-a range of 13.0 - 17.3 F (7.1 - 9.6 C), and cooling water flow was 1470 cf s each 4.2.9 STRATIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS IN Tile VICINITY OF Tile INTAKE AND DISCllARGE flow, swift current and shallow depth.The Missouri River is well-mixed due to its turbulent characteristics necessary for quick dissipation of excess beatThese f actorn provide the mixing waters. show no thermal stratification under ambient conditions.Vertieni temperature pro Profiles taken in mthe discharge canal and in the Missouri River downstream to the edge e of th c ig zone while the Station was operating indicate that only winter plumes ited stratification unpublished data). (Lovern 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories,Inc, capacity of the Stratification occurred in January when the mixing AT (23.2 F) . river was reduced because of low flow (21000 cfs) and high and lover AT'a, the heated water was mixed f rom top te bottom.Under conditions See Section 4.2.12 for a complete discussion on thermal plume characteristics . 4.2.10 TIME-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS The time-temperature relationship for a thermal discharge indicates theittime versus excess temperature exposure history of ar organism
? rom the time of return to ambientistemperature.
entrained at the intake of a power station to the point tssessing the survival potential : f entrained organismsThis relationship is important for n 1974 and 1975 (Lovorn 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories unpu ata). tripchartThe data were collected by means of a drogue outfitted with a atended to simulate a driftingrecorder and a thermistor set organism, was released at Theatdrogue, a depth of 0.5 m. 4tlet and allowed to drift with the current while simultanthe discharge canal cperature. loothed to simplify interpretation.The temperature record, which was usually irregular, waseously O 4.0-30 _ ~ _----
CNS - 316a & b O Average, ideal and worst case time-temperature relationships for the thermal discharge f rom Cooper Nuclear Station are presented in Figure 4.2-6. The ideal case returns to ambient temperature in the shortent time and the worst case takes the longest. The initial portion of each curve (0-10 min) is based on crtimates of travel tine f rom the intake to the discharge port and down the 1000 ft discharge canal (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission 1973). Veloci ty measurements of approxima tay 1.5 f ps within t he canal support this estima'e (Lovern 1975). For thr ai age and ideal cases, the rapid reductions in excess temperatura during the interval 10-25 min were measured in July 1975 and August 1974, reopectively. However, it was necessary to estimate the worst case for this time interval on the basis of thermal plume data collected in January 1975 and an estimated river' velocity of 1.2 fps. Af ter 25 min, each curve was extrapolated to ambient temperatures on the basis of river velocity and thermal plume data collected prior to the time-temperature measurements. Station operating data and pertinent environmental conditions for each time-temperature curve are presented in Tabic 4.2-12. The ideal case represents a profile at high river flow conditions. The thermal discharge mixed rapidly with tho ambient water, reducing the excess temperature by 70% within 12 min travel time from the discharge port at the head of the canal. The temperature returned to ambicat wit hin approximately 50 min. The average case shows a 70% reduction in excest. temperature within 14 min and a return to ambient temperature within 90 min. In the w>rst case, however, the return to ambient is very gradual. It takes 18 min travel time for a 70% reduction in excess temperatur< ' 2 hrs to return to ambient conditions. This represents maximum expos ime of organisms to abnormal temperature conditions and occurs on1' cing the winter. 4.2.11 TOTAL HEAT DISCHARGE AS A FUNCTION OF TIME The reactor at Cooper Nuclear Station is a aingle-cycle, f orced - circulation, boiling-water reactor producing steam for direct use in the steam turbines. At full reactor power level of 2381 MWt (gross electrical output 801 MWe, and net output 778 MWe) the Station rejects 5.6 x 109 B1U/hr from the circulating system and about 1.5 x 100 BTU /hr from miscellaneoas l bearing cooling, pumping and wash system ancillary operations. Water is l withdrawn from the Missouri River through the intake purphouse, which is I located flush with the protective channel works of the Corps cf Engineers i on the cutting or right bank (Nebraska side) of the river. At full load, i four pumps operate with a maximum Station flow of 1450 cfs (U. J. Atomic l Energy Commission 1973). Mean cally Station load during September 1974 and January 1975 l (Figure 4.2-7) was chosen as representative of short-term power fluctuations during the summer and winter months, respectively. Long-term fluccestions are illustrated by the monthly means in Figure 4.2-8. The highest power output was during the winter months (November-April), and the lowest output occurred during May, July and December. During the first year of operation (July 1974-lg 4.0-31
CNS - 316a & b O i i July 1975), the tnean hourly power output of the Station was approximately 466.6 MWe, and excess heat was rejected at a tnean rate of 3.36 x 10 9 BTU /hr. It is expected in subsequent operation that t he short- and long-terin fluctuations, caused by start-up and testing, will be reduced and the Station will operate at a base load. [ 4.2.12 THER!#L PLUME CHARACTERISTICS . Cooper Nuclear Station is located on the west bank of the Missouri River near RM 532.2. - The heated condenser cooling water from the Statiori is - discharged into the river at an approximate angle of 30 degrees. The discharde . canal at the entlet is about 1.5 m deep end the river at this point is 6 to 7 m dcup. The resulting thermal plutae extends down the west bank of the river. A complete annual cycle of thermal plumes has been surveyed at Cooper Nuclear Station (Lovern 1975; Industrial B10-TEST haboratories. Inc. unpublished data). One- or more plumes were surveyed each month f rom July _ 1974 - August 1975, with the excrption of December 1974 and February 1975. Figures 4.2-9 through 4.2-14 preacnt those plumes which were representative of seasonal low and average river flow conditions. Plumes were selected frotn t cach censon on the basis of similar Station operating conditions. Ambient river condions ano-Station operating conditions are presented in Table 4.2-13. All__ thermal plumes exhibited rapid mixing within a shor t distance of the discharge canal outlet. In all casec ocept during winter conditions.
-the excess temperature decreased approximately 70% within 800 ft of_the center of the canal outlet. _The relative size of the two plumes with similar Station operating conditions uar inversely proportional to the river disenarge.
This was especially evident in the spring (Figures 4.2-9 and 4.2-10) and summer (Figures 4.2-11 and 4.2-12) plumes. _ The winter therinal pitune (Figure - 4.2-13) had - the lowest _ river discharge, the highest- ATo (6To = excess , temperature at discharge canal outlet), and was clearly the largest of all plumes. The 17 October and 22 August (fall and summer) plumes were similar
'in both Station operating _and river discharge conditions. Figures 4.2-11 and 4.2-14 show that the fall plume was slightly larger then the sommer plume.
Vertical temperature sections of the thermal pictnes indicate greater stratf-
'fication at the lower' river discharges because of the reduced trixing capacity of the river.-
The Environmental Technical Specifications (Nebraska Public power i
- District 1974) require that Station opers. tion will be controlled to prevent
excer.a temperatures outside a mixing zone f rom excwding AT = 5 F during May I to October and 47 = 10 F during November to April. The mixing zone ic defined by an area not to exceed one-third of the river vidth and 7500 f t downstream of-the dir. charge canal outlet. In addition, the_ temperature outside the mixing zone is not to exceed 90 F as a result of Station operation. All thermal plumes surveyed at Cooper Nuclear Station were in compliance with the Specifications. To determine whether the thermal plume would be in - compliance for special cases uhich were not measured, an equation for l- _ predicting-6T/ATo was developed by stage-wise regression techniques (Lovorn 4.0-32
-.__.2 _ . _ _ _ _ _ . - __ . _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ . _ . - _ . _ _ . - ~
CNS - 316a 6 b O 1975). That is AT/ATo = 0.16-0.0038 Qg/Qo + 0.192c-0.000029C L , CL y,987 ft where bT = excess temperature of the plume, ATo = excess temperature at the discharge canni QR = Missouri River discharge, Qo = Station discharge, and CL = centerline distance to excess temperature isothern AT. Predictions of AT at 7500 ft downstream fcr 7-day once-in-10-year tuinimum summer anc winter flows with the Station operating at 100% capacity are presented in Table 4.2-14. Neither prediction exceeded the Specifications. However, bcth predictions were made at the extreme low range of the Qg/Qo data used to develop tbc equation. In such a caso, there is less confidence in the predictive ability of the regression equation and it is possible that~the Specifications wil2 be exceeded, especially in winter. 4.2.13 Itzne,diate Discharge Area, Itunediato Discharge Area is defined as: that portion of the receiving waters which falls within the AT = 3.6 f (2 C) isotherm of the plume 30% or more of the time, as defined by data representing a period of at Icast a few months and preferrably indicative of a complete annual cycle (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 1974). The complete annual cycle of thermal plumes surveyed at Cooper O Nuclear Station has been discussed la Section 4.2.12. These plume data indicate the necessity for defining two Immediate Discharge Areas, one representbg conditions f rom May to October and another from November to April. It la necessary to reparate these Immediate Discharge Areas because of substantial differences in operating conditions (Table 4.1-2). ambient river conditions (Tables 4.2-1 and 4.2-3), and the size of the plu:as (Section 4.2.12) . The 17 October 1974 and 23 January 1975 thermal plumes were selected to define the two immediate Dir. charge Areas because they were the largest plumes treasured and, therefore, gave a conservative estimate of the Immediate Discharge. River flow was lower than normal on the selected plume dates; consequently, less arabient river water was available to mix
. tith the plumes and reduce the 6T. In addition, the excess temperature at the discharge canal outlet was higher than normal in both cases. The com-bination of an initial high discharge canal outlet AT and low river discharge produced a downstream AT that was higher than nonnal. The 3.6 F (2 C) isotherm in October extended apprcximately 2500 f t downstream f rom the discharge canal outlet, while in January the 3.6 F (2 C) isotherm extended to RM 528 (Figure 4.2-15).
O 4.0-33
CNS - 316a b b O 4.2 REFERD4CES CITED Ballentine, R. K. , J. E. Arden, L. P. Parrich, D. B. llicks, and S. L. Bugbee. l 1970. Water quality of the Missouri River. U. S. Dep. Inter., Cincinnati, i Ohio. 34 pp. + 4 appendices. I Bowling. T. J. 1975. Water quality evaluation. Pages 5-48 in The evaluation of thermal effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-Decembur 1974. (IBT No. 64304909) . Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr., Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc. IC M. Meteological program for Cooper Nuclear Station, Brovnv111e, Nebr. Macch 1973-February 1974. (IBT No. 64304908). Peport prepared for Nebraska Public Power Distriet, Columbus, Nebr. Kant e, K. U. , J. R. Salkowski, and J. E. llawley. 1975. Water quality evaluation. Pages 26-85 ,it1 The evaluation of thermal eff ects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nucicar Station (Preoperational Phase), April 1973 March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Lovorn, F. T. 1975. Thermal plume surveys. Pages 237-262 in The evaluation of thermal effecta in the Missouri River near Cooper NucTear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Munger, P. R et al. 1974. A baseline study of the Missouri River: Rulo, - Nebraska to mouth near St. Louis, Missouri. Vol. II. Report by Univ. of Missouri for Dep. of the Army, Kansas City Dist., Corps of Engineer. L -pp. 292-320. , l Nebr aska Natucal Resources Commission. 1975. Missouri tributaries river basin water quality-management plan. Nebraska Natural Resources ' Commisrion, Lincoln, Nebr. 364 pp. Nebraska Public Power District. 1974. Environmental Technical Specifications. Appendix B to Operating license No. DPR-46 for the Cooper Kuclear Station. U. S. Atomic Energy Comm. Docket No. 50-298. 84 pp. , U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 1973. Final environmental statement-related to operation of Cooper Nuclear Station, Nebraska Public Power District, Docket No. 50-298. U. S. Department of Commerce. 1964. Climatic summary of - the United States-Nebraska. U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. l 4.0-34
..J.~.-_,,.,. .-,,m, -m..--,-.-.,,-...,,,--,.-_.._.-,..~,m--_,--,.-,,m-~.,-,..,..,~..,..,--,-~.,-~--,,--,,,--. -
CNS - 316a & b l l h
. 1968. Climatic atlas of the United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin. Envir. Dat- Se rv . , As he vi ll e , N. C.
U. S. Er vironmental Protection Agency. 1974. 316(a) technical guidance-thermal discharges. Water Planning Division, Washington, D. C. 188 pp. U. S. Departn.u t of Interior, Geological Survey Division. '965. Water resources data for Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1966. Water resources data for Nebraska. U . S . Geol. Su rvey ,
Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1967. Water resources da'.. f or Nebraska. U . S . G eol . Su rvey ,
Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1968. Water resources data for Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1969. Water resources data for Nebraska. U. 3. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1970. Water resources de 1 for Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1971. Water resources data for Nebraska. U . S . Gec 1 Survey ,
S Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1972. Water resources data for Nebraska. U. S. Geol . Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1973. Water resources data for Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1974a. Water resources data f or Iowa. U. S. Geol. Survey, Sioux City, Ia.
. 1974b. Provisional flow records for the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Council Bluffs, Ia.
l l 4.0-35
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I LNS - 316a L b O rreovency O') O to to m 40 FALL COMPOSITE-SEPTEMBER.0CTOBER ~ NWBER g,3, _ G70 72 p I.3 og/ 4 *7 {
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4 .. 0 400 Ft Figure 4. 2-9. Excess temperature isotherms near Cooper Nuclear Statior on the Missouri River for the thermal plume survey on 30 April 1975. Temperatures are in degrees fahrenheit. 1 1 l l 4.0-44
CNS - 316a 6 b M AY 30* 197 5 saTAeti s l N 255. _ 0 'w "W tw na "t"5
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SCAlt o c oo r e, Figure 4.2-10. F.xcess temperature isotherms near Cooper Nuclear Station on the Misstauri River f or the thermal plume survey on 30 May 1975. Temperatures are in degrees f ahrenheit. 9 4.0-45
CNS - 316a & b AUG 22.1974 ..tAet,
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Figure 4.2-11. Excess temperature isotherms near Cooper Nuc1 car Station on the Missouri River for the thermal plume surs ay on 22 August 1974. Temperatures are in degrees f ahrenheit. O 4.0-46
CNS - 316a 6 b JULY 28,1975 lM, itiaeei f57%M"%= or,,e,
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g Figure 4.2-12. Excess temperature isotherms near Ceoper Nuclear Station on the Missouri River f or the thermal plume survey on 28 July W 1975. Temperatures are in degrees fahrenheit. 4.0-47
CNS - 316a & b J AN 23,1975 INtaetq
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?. g o . . ; * . .. , . ,. , ' ' .1 l t i 50 ALE WM 0 400 F, Figure 4.2-13. Excess temperature isotherms near Cooper Nuclear Station on t.he Missouri River for the thermal plume survey on 23 January 1975. Temperatures are in degrees f ahrenheit.
O 4.0-48
CNS - 316a & b I OCT 17,1974 '
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CNS - 316a 6 b IM M E DI ATE < p +., DISC H A R G E METERS % f U INTAKE AREA , g MAY .OCT ;O IN 2N 300 400 600 ,/ /
. N O V. APR - - ---- N /
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Figure 4.2-15. Immediate Discharge Area for Cooper Nuclear Station. 4.0-50
.wq -
L 3 .. CNS - 316a 6 b g.c ., b Table 4.2- 1. Mean discharge (cfs) of the Missouri River at Nebraska City, w
- 3 h- Nebraska (1965-19 74) .a y-J1 t JL _ ;}_
, 1116 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 10 te_n1 Mean
. Januare Min, 11000 11000 8500 SSC) 13000 10500 9500 10000 77700 18500
. 7 Man, 14600 !?B00 17600 21000 23000 27900 23000 41%00 51700 35600 ff4 i kan 13480 ';410 1M70 15470 18050 18440 16910 22000 3A030 26210 20167 6 let worv Min. 115]O 20000 16000 24500 19000 22000 30200 29900
- g s. !< 10200 10000 44500
#4 a ss. 26400 786M 18800 44000 '.0000 45400 1A1000 42100 53100
>nn 3n00 15300 24520 23630 29260 41180 27990 36790 35380 28458
$ Ji=, 16030
,y ,k 18000 19800 13200 t2300 25900 28600 36600 29700 43900 33400
,.y '
urch an. 99500 13800 44500 Man. 67200 40600 41200 37600 77200 4330v 57000 'j' - 36730 53410 43550 f0050 36640 , 39237 Hean 31650 31870 25950 28970 43550
. t Y' '
4prik Min. 15600 34600 34100 '
-0 48600 38800 43300 46100 40000 40000
'* '+ . Ma t ?'S00 41200 41200 403v0 103000 46400 58000 52800 666r.0 48200 44490 47451 b Man 54643 37690 36470 38150 77600 42730 47140 50130 45470 Ny Min. 32300 33600 3410C 35600 47200 "o600 4M00 SM00 40500 3850)
Man. 85200 40900 42100 20000 57300 45600 82600 80800 81200 75000 Mean 45*80 35780 36570 37080 51380 399Li 60510 61940 50580 44840 46403 June Min. 34100 33600 35100 34400 40600 39400 5s400 46800 42700 35600 Man. 63300 57700 If5000 b 59400 86200 50000 10 X W 60600 64200 44800 Mean 44960 39049 81950 39450 4.9310 42600 74500 SM60 :,0440 40350 51666 July Min. 33100 33400 48500 '4400
, 44800 40900 50000 45400 35800 33100 Man. 71000 45400 4o000 42400 67800 45100 69000 68200 61000 37600 Maan 40270 37060 42090 37510 52590 42650 57280 53580 41880 3C 30 44130 Ougust Min. 33400 34400 37100 34400 50600 42700 48900 50600 34800 3580C Mas. 31100 ;8600 41800 39100 60100 50300 52000 59800 39 m 42100 Ma ci 35460 39750 38910 37000 55620 45670 50100 54120 36240 37760 4306" Septemb6r Min. 34600 inoo 36100 32800 53100 41800 47800 49600 35400 3'400 g Man. 72200 38800 41200 39700 60600 48200 $2000 75000 63?00 3850 h an 45160 35740 37620 351C7 56730 44650 50040 55420 40220 3681J 43749
,Y October Min. 384 10 3P00 35800 3bM 48900 40600 50300 53100 37400 36400 Ms. 85NO 394J0 424c) 62600 55 % 0 57300 61900 59800 82100 42600 36300 38250 39 % 1 Sn74r 47760 54060 55650 46450 3*,060 45339
'enn 44530 November Mi ts , 16600 21400 2400 33100 38800 41200 '62uu 45400 32100 26600 t'a n . 40900 391J0 ?t600 40600 50600 53400 61800 67000 49600 38800 Mann 5/980 75480 34270 38360 46270 4 90 59710 59360 41080 36650 439?5 De cecer M1), 22300 1?900 14600 64;0e 23500 18400 2610f' 25400 21600 21800 Man. 27800 21200 23600 39100 41200 45400 15t,00 5.400 3180o 2 M00
?Wan 25660 17250 Jodo 22420 27550 2773n 35790 3202a 27090 230 28518 asiaa 7 day.10 year flow: 120914 Minima 7 day.1? yac . lows 3571 8
Lata collected by J.S. Department of Interior, Geo. n Survey (1965-1975). { b Maxi.u m recolded flow for 1065-1974 period. , c Minimem recorded flow for 1965-1974 period. O 4.0-51
.[' ' ,'
, E
' ', . , 'o 3
b
?
CNS - 316a 6 b
-Table 4.2-2. Current velocities (fps) of the Missouri River in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station. May 1973-July 1975.a River llile Da* _ ,
334 532.5 532 530 528 526
.9 May 1073 5.9 b 6.2 3.9 9.2 7.5 6 June 1973 4.6 5.6 7.5 2.6 7.9 5.2 17 July 1973 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.6 5.2 4.3 7 August 1973 5.2, 5.2 3.9 6.2 66 3.6 18 September 197? 4.3 1.3 3.6 2.3 4.6 3.3 2 October 1973 2.9 2.6 3.9 6.2 5.2 '
4.3 6 November 1973 1.6 0.7 1.6 0. 7 - 2.9 1.0 19_ March 1974- - 1.6 - 1.0 - - 23 Ap r' ' ' 9 74- - 3.6 - 5.2 - - ? Il May '4 -- - - - - -
-18 June 2974 - - - - - -
If ,uly 1974_ - - - - - 19 August-1974 2.6 3.3 4.3 3.6 4.9 3.9 18_b,ptember 1974 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.6 4.9 28 October 1974 3.9 4.6 3.9 3.9 5.6 5.2
- 18 November.1974 3.3 5.2 3.6 4.6 4.9 4.6
- 2 December 1974: - - - - - -
':- 20. January 1975' - - - - - -
10 February 1975~. - - - - - - 17 March ~1975 - - - 4.3 - - 21' April.1975 - 6.9 - 3.9 - - A2 May_1975 4.3 6.2 4.6 4.6 6.2 5.9
-16 June 1975 4.6 3.9 4.6 5.2 6.6 5.2 14 July-1975 : 2.6 3.3 2.6 2.9 -6.2 5.9 a: Data: collected by_Industri m 3IO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (Bowling 1975;-
Kantz et al.1975; Industrial SIO-TEST Laboratories,- Inc. unPablished _ data). b Current measurements were not made according to the- study prua or data missing _ due to -instrument malfunction.
- ) 4.0-52
- - y+7'ttr 1m'e?-= W- g
CNS - 316a & b O Table 4.2-3. Weekly ambient water temperatures (F) f rom the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebreska (1965-19 /4 ) .a ,b Date 1965 1966 1967 196R 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 Jan. 1-7 32 35 3: 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 8-14 32 32 32 32 32 31 32 32 32 32 15-21 12 32 33 32 33 32 32 32 33 32 22-28 32 32 33 32 32 32 32 32 33 32
'an. 79-Feb. 4 32 32 33 32 32 34 32 32 33 33 Feb. 5-11 33 34 33 34 34 34 32 32 33 32 12-18 32 33 32 32 34 34 32 32 32 34 19-25 33 33 32 32 34 34 34 33 33 34 Feb. 26-Mar. 4 33 36 34 34 34 37 35 33 '35 35 Mar. 5-11 34 35 33 39 34 40 35 33 35 37 12-18 35 47 36 41 36 36 36 39 36 42 19-25 3 45 43 42 36 39 38 44 37 39 Mar. 26-Apr. 1 34 C 51 49 36 39 38 42 38 40 Apr. 2-8 37 45 53 46 38 41 41 44 45 43 9-15 47 46 53 52 50 43 46 48 45 46 16-22 52 48 56 54 52 46 49 49 52 50 23-29 54 47 51 54 54 52 53 49 51 53 Apr. 30-May 6 63 54 50 61 56 59 56 51 55 61 May 7-13 66 56 54 57 58 61 57 54 59 60 14-20 67 58 58 61 60 63 58 61 60 61 21-27 67 63 65 57 61 67 59 69 66 66 May 28-Jun. 3 67 67 61 63 70 70 63 69 63 68 Jun. 4-10 70 67 68 74 68 71 70 75 70 69 11-17 71 69 71 73 66 75 73 75 76 68 18-24 73 73 72 73 68 76 77 73 75 76 Jun. 25-Jul. 1 74 77 72 70 70 77 78 73 76 75 Jul. 2-8 78 81 1: 72 73 77 77 73 77 77 9-15 77 83 76 75 77 77 77 76 32 78 16-22 78 80 76 77 80 78 79 77 77 79 23-29 79 78 80 77 78 74 74 76 74 79 Jul. 30-Aug. 5 77 78 80 73 7' 78 71 76 77 73 Aug. 6-12 76 76 76 77 .' 77 73 73 77 71 13-19 79 74 75 75 76 77 76 76 79 71 2D-26 75 70 74 76 76 77 76 75 79 75 Aug. 26-Sept. 2 72, 75 72 6, 77 77 73 72 78 74 Sept. 3-9 68 73 68 67 72 76 72 69 74 64 10-16 66 70 67 t:5 70 70 70 71 68 61 17-23 59 65 68 63 66 61 61 72 63 65 24-30 55 63 62 64 64 59 62 63 62 60 Oct. 1-7 60 58 63 59 63 62 64 60 61 56 8-14 56 60 57 57 55 53 59 58 61 54 15-21 60 52 54 56 4e 49 59 51 59 54 22-28 $3 52 52 50 48 $4 57 49 60 56 Oct. 29-Nov. 4 52 47 45 .9 43 47 50 47 50 56 Nov. 5-11 49 43 41 44 45 44 42 44 42 48 12-18 43 41 43 39 40 41 46 38 44 41 19-25 41 43 40 37 35 37 41 38 43 40 Nov. 26-Dec. 2 41 39 36 J7 35 36 39 37 42 37 Dec. 3-9 37 14 36 34 34 33 36 33 36 3/
10-16 37 32 14 33 31 32 33 32 32 34 17-23 35 35 33 33 32 32 33 33 32 32 24-31 34 32 32 32 33 32 33 33 32 33 c$ a Data collected by U.S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey (1965-1974) . b C Temperatures converted fron C to F vere taken to the closest degree. g Missing data. 4.0-53
1 CNS - 316a & b O . Table 4. 2-4. Mean ambient water tereperatures ( F) from the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebraska (1965-1974).a,b Date 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 10 Year Mean January Min. 32 32 32 32 32 31 32 32 32 32 Mas. 32 36 36 32 34 35 33 33 34 33 Mesa 32 33 32 32 32 32 32 -32 33 32 32 7ebruary Min. 32 32 32 32 32 33 32 32 32 32 ms. 35 35 35 34 34 36 35 34 35 37 Mean 32 33 32 32 34 34 34 33 33 34 33 March- Min. 33 33 32 34 32 36 35 32 35 35 Mas. 35 55 55 52 37 41 38 45 37 46 Nean 34 42' 39 41 36 38 36 38 36 40 , 38 April Min. 35 42 48 43 36 39 38 41 40 42 Man. 60 59 58 57 55 62 56 56 59 65 Mean 47 49 53 52 48 46 47 48 49 52 49 May Min. 60 49 45- 55 50 56 54 50 52 60 Mas. 68 69 69 64 72 71 62 70 66 70 Mean 66 59 57 59 61 64 56 60 60 64 61 . Min. 69 64 55 64 64 67 65 67 63 65 June Man. 75 80 74 75 72 79 79 76 77 78 68 74 74 73 73 72 72 men 71 71 69 72 July 70 72 74 70 71 70 74 Min. 75 74 71 Max. 81 84 81 79 82 78 78 P' 82 77 76 7 78 77 man 78 80 - 76 75 Min. 69 67 71 70 73 76 20 71 so 68 Au8uat-
'O ' Max.
Mesa 80 76 79 74 81 75 79 7:. 79 75 80 77 77 75 Ua 75 79 78 76 72 75 September Min. 54 59 60 61 (3 58 65 5.' 63 59 Mas. 70 77 71 70 75 78 72 75 77 68 68 67 67 69 68 64 66, Mean 63 68 66 64 49 45 46 44 47 51 46 51 53 October Min. 51 Man. 62 63 66 64 65 68 66 63 65 59 56 54 55 55 SL $4 59 54 59 55 55 Mean Min. 40 37 36' 34 34 33 38 36 38 36 Nm ember Max. 32- 48 46 54 48 47 52 48 50 59 44 42 41 41 40 41 43 40 42 45 42 Mean Min. 33 32 32 32 31 32 32 32 - 32 32 December Mas. 41 36 37 37 37 39 38 3R 42 36 36 33 34 34 33 33 32 33 32 34 33 Mean a Data collected by U. S. Department of Interiot, Gt:ological Survey (1965-1975).
- b. Temperatures converted from C to F were taken to the closest degree.
c Only 24 darc ,oints were available for March 1966.
'A V
4.0-54
t CNS - 316a 6 b Table 4.2-5. Daily mean, mean maximum, and mean rainimum temperatures at !
.\uburn, Nebraska, 1899-1960.a j 1
Mean Temperature Daily Mean Maximum Daily Mean Minimum Month (F) (F) (F) January 25.9 36.2 15.5 Febre ry 29.6 40.3 18.7 March 40.4 52.2 28.8 April 52.7 64.5 40.0 May 63.0 75.1 50.9 June 72.4 84.3 60.5 July 77.7 90.4 65.1 August 76.1 88.7 63.3 September 67.9 80.7 55.1 October 56.2 69.5 43.0 O November 41.5 53.1 29.9 December 29.7 30.8 19.6 Annual 52.8 64.6 40.9 a U. S. Department of Commerce 1964. O 4.0-55
CNS - 316a 6 b I Table 4.2-6. Joint frequency-table of wind speed and vind direction, Cooper Nuclear Station, March 1970 to February 1974.a
' ~~
Speed Class (MPH)
' Sector 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 >24 Total N 0.11 -0.91- 2.35 3.62 1.91 1.72 10.62 ,
NNE- 0.09 0.69- 1.58 2.20 0.83 0.75 6. .' 4
.NE 0.10 - 0.58 1.24 1.05 0.19 0.33 3.50
~ENE 0.J9 0.51 1.10 0.55 0.11 0.25 2.61 E 0.05 0.53 1.16 0.61 0.17 0.28 2.78 ESE 0.10 0.51 1.30 0.97 0.38 0.41 3.67 SE 0.08 0.72 1.73 2.37 1.00 0.80 6.70 SSE- 0.04 0.68 2.02 3.11 1.29 0.90. 8.04 S 0;08' O.63 2.53 4.46 2.43 1.77 11.89 '
.1,( )l SSW 0.11 0.59- 1.80 2.96 2.-3 rr 1.86 9.48 i
.SW -0.10 0.58 1.39 2.47 1.58 1.22 7.34 WSW 0.10 0.61 1.21 1.06 0.42- 0.44 3.83
~W'- 0.11 0.70 1.14 0.81- 0.31 0.41' 3.48-
, WNW 0.09- 0.45: 0.97 0.96 0.71- 10 .53 3 . '6 0' NW 0.15 0.49 .1.' 48 2.2e 1.44' 1.03 6.86
~
l: NNW' ~0.12 0.67 1.81 3.10 -1.83 .t.74 . 9. 2 7. 1
-Total- 1,49 9.86- 24.80 32.55 -16.76 14.44 100.00 a: Industrial' BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (1974) lO?
- h. 4.0-56
1 CNS - 316a & b O Table 4. 2- 7. Monthly mean and maxinur. wind speed at Omaha, Nebraska,89 years of record.a Maximum Mean Speed Wind Speed Month (mph) (mph) January 11.5 60 F,ebruary ' 31.8 59 March 13.3 73 April 13.7 65 May 11.8 73 June 11.0 72 July. 9.5 109 August 9.7 66 September 10.1 51 October 10.4 59 November 11.7 58 E : ember 11.1 52 a U. S. ' Departmen t of Comme rce 1968. l i i O
.4.0-57
CNS - 316a 6 b O Table 4.2- 8. Precipitation statistics for Auburn, Nebraska, 1875 t o 1964.a Precipitation (inches) Standard Deviation Mpnth Menn Maximum Minimum (inches) , January 0.96 3 39 0.00 0.74 February 1.27 3,30 0.00 0.84 March 2.05 + 5.89 0.00 1.50 April 3.04 8.30 0.16 1.67 May 4.79 12.81 0.90 2.66 June 5.01 12.11 , 0.38 2.56 July 4.08 14,33 0.25 3.09 August 4.11 11.80 0.35 2.43 Sep t ember 3.98 13.32 0.34 2.79 October 2.70 9.16 0.11 1.97 Novembe r 1.61 9.07 0.00 1.69 December 1.14 4.39 0.00 0.92 Annual 34.74 57.15 18.39 7.21 e
" U. S. Department of Commerce 1964. < O 1
i 4.0-58
g_. CNS - 316a & b O Table 4. 2- 9. Monthly mean wet bulb temperature and relative hunidity at Auburn, Nebraska, 1899-1960.a Mean Wet Bulb Relative Temperature ilumidi ty (F) (%) January *3.7 72 February 27.6 71 March 36.5 63 Apr'1 46.8 64 May 56.1 65 June 65.5 69 July 69.1 64 Augu st 68.7 68 September 59.8 62 9 October 49.7 64 November 37.3 67 December 27.4 73 Annual 47.5 67 a U. S. Department of Commerce 1968. l O 4.0-59
4 -f f r i , CNS'- 316a 1.b ; Tabic 4. 2- 10. Mean monthly cloud cover and solar radiation statistics for , i Lincoln Nebraska.a Mean Mean Daily i Cloud Cover Solar Radiation Month (%) (langl_cyn) ; ! January 55 149 ; February 57 186 lJ
- March 58 278-April 59 320
[2 May 50 - 393 i June 52 416 July 43 451 [ August 46 384 September 44 305-
' Oc t obe r . 44 -235 p~ November 53 153 p
1 December -56 126 ( .; Annual 52 3398 a U. S. Department of Commerce - 1968. :- - l' > , I
- O.--
4.0-60 ' i I u.;.________-_--_.._.______.._._____
CNS - 316a & b G Table 4.2-11. Average cooling water use under dif f erent load levels at Cooper Nuclear Station during the first 13 months of operation, 1 July 1974 through 31 July 1975. Unit Loading Rate of Cooling Discharge % Unit Load % Time Intake Velocity Water Flow AT( F) 40-50 24.5 -" 881 12.4 50-60 4.8 , - 1044 J4.8 60-70 6.3 - 1260 17.6 70-80 10.6 - 1252 16.4 80-90 11.1 - 1299 18.6 90-100 23.0 - 1062 23.1 a Intake velocity has not been measured directly. Estimated velocities at the intake screens vary f rom 1.3 fps at high river levels to 2.5 fps at low river levels (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission 197 3) . g 9 4.0-61
Q O o. i i
.Tablef4.2-12. Missouri River'.dischhrge'aNd' Cooper Nuclear Station operating conditions'during' time-
., temperature measurements. ;
=i River' ' Plant Discharge Discharge. Plant Ioad ATo Ambien t % Load of River Velocity ,
(cfs) '(cfs) (MRe) ( F) Temperatures Plant -(fps) i t Average: case,- ' 36100 '1087.5- 566- 16.7 77.4 12 -4.9 , Aug. 22,-1974-Worst ~ case, 21000 9E0 625 24.6~ '32.2 80 3.2 : Jan. 23,'1975 1 Ideal case, 64600 1087.5- 564 16.0 79.9 75 6.0 $* July.28, 1975 i O 'u
- w
- O -&
h w C3 o- .; C* k t L s -[
-l t
t k y w s 4 _.-
Tabla 4.2-13. Misoouri River discharge and Cooper Nuclear Station operating conditions for selected thermal plumes measured during July 1974 - July 1975. Estimated Daily Percent of Local Plant River Plant Effluent Average Full Plant Ambient Effluent Discharge Discharge MWe Load Temperature Temperature ATo Season Date_ (cfs) (cfs) (net) (%) ( F) ( F) ( F) Summer 22 Aug. /4 26100 1087.5 566 73 17.4 94.1 16.7 Fall 17 Oct. '4 37100 1087.5 572 74 54.7 71.4 16.7 Winter 23 Jan. 75 21000 1087.5 625 80 32.2 56.8 24.6 Spring 30 april 75 61000 725 365 47 56.6' 72.7 16.1 Spring 30 May 75 45000 725 356 46 66.2 79.7 13.5 h Summer 28 July 75 68000 1087.5 564 72 80.0 95.9 16.0 G) U V* C' O O O
. - . ~ . . . - - ~ - - . - . . - ~ . . . ... . - . .- . - . - . . . - -- - . ~_ . . . . .
-CNS - 316a & b l Table-4.2-14.- Predicted excess temperature lAT) at 7500 t downstream f rom Cooper Nuclear Station for 7-day once-in-20-year minimum flows of the Missouri River.
River Station Centerline Discharge- Discharge AT a Dintance aT (cfs) (cfs) (k) (ft) (F) May - October 31000 1905 18 7500 4.2-
- November - April 8000- 725 36 7500 , 9. 8
#aTo = Excess temperature at discharge canal.
.. i t
LO: l 9 1 f 1 r li [ , 5 ]- s . 1 g- 4.0-64 l
;,. 1
l l 1 l CNS - 316a 6 b 4.3 EFFECTS OF STATION OPERAT'ON ON CHD11 CAL WATER QUALITY Monitoring of water quality in the Missouri niver near Cooper Nuclear Ststion has been conducted at regular intervals since 1971. The purpose of this monitoring has been to document normal seasonal variations in water quality and to determine the effects, if any, of operation of Cooper Nuclear Station on the water quality of the Missouri River. Sampling was initially conducted in May, July and October 1971. This was increased to monthly sampling, excluding the winter season from May 19'2 to November 1973. Operational monitoring of chemical water quality was increased to include monthly sampling during the winter. Station operating levels, differential temperatures and river conditions that existed during operational studies are presented in Table 4. 3-1. . Water quality data for the monitoring period are presented in Table 4.3-2. The parameters listed include (1) parameters for which the Nebraska Department af Environmental Control has established minimum water quality requirements (Table 4.1-1) and (2) parameters which are generally considered essential aquatic nutriente. Variations and s'gnificance of other water quality parameters measured during the monicoring programs at Cooper Nuclear Station have been previously discuosed by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (1971, 1972, 1973), Kantz et al. (1975), and Bowling (1975). The source water f or this area of the Missouri River is mainly discharge from Lewis and Clark Lake which is controlled by the U. S. Army, g Corps of Engineers,at Gavins Point Dam. Records of river flow at Yankton, W South Dakota, downstream of Cavins Point Dam and at Nebraska City, Nebraska, upstream of Cooper Nuclear Station are maintained by the U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. It takes 40-55 hrs for water to travel from Yankton to Nebraska City (Ballentine et al. 1970). Using this information the approximate amount of sater passing Nebraska City which was derived f rom tributaries below Gavins Point Dam was calculated from tne dif ference of these flows. Flow f rom these tributaries is minimal except during periods of excessive runof f (Nebraska Natural Resources Commission 1975). This difference was utilized as a quantitative measure of the amount of runof f to this ;ach of the Missouri River upstream of Coopel Nuclear Station. Correlation coef ficients indicated that temporal variations in water quality parame ters were correlated with either river f 3ow or runof f. The best correlation to runcf f was exhibited by nitrate (r = 0.63, P < 0.05). Soluble orthophosphate and soluble ailica displayed weaker correlations to runoff (r = 0.44, P < 0.2 and 0.4, P < 0.2, respectively). Variations in the concentrations of these two parameters were also influenced by variations in biological activity (Bowling 1975) . Variations in total phosphorus and turkidity were related to total river flow at Nebraska City (r = 0.54. P < 0.1 and 0.59, P < 0.05, respectively) and were probably related to both the amount of runoff to the system (Munger et al. 19 74) a nd the amount of mixing of bottom sed-iment. Variations in total dissolved solids were inversely related to both runof f (r = -0.45, P < 0.2) and total river flow (r = -0.51, P < 0.1) . Variations in f ecal colifcrm bacteria and phenols did not display a definite pattern and are probably related to industrial and municipal discharges along the river llh (Bowling 1975). 4.0-65
?
CNS - 316a & b o The major ef fect of thermal discharges on chemical water quality is alteration of the equilibrium constants of the reactions normally-occurring in aquatic systems (Parker and Krinkel 1969) . When the temperature is_ restored to ambiant conditions, the equilibria should reverse itself and
- restore all water quality parameters to ambient concentrations. Application '
of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison procedure indicated that once outside the mixing zone the concentrations of the water quality parameters were the same as or similar to concentrations in ambient upstream water (Table 4.3-3 and 4.3-4). To determine whether the significant differences listed in Table - 4.3-4 were due to Station operation, correlation coef ficients were
. determined between temperature differences across the condensers and the percent of river flow (Table 4.3-1). The results of correlation analyses indicated that only water temperature was consistently ef fected by condenser '
passage - (r = 0.65,- P < 0.05)- or percent of flov (r = 0.95, P < 0.001) at- the downstream location (RM 5 30. 9) . This situation has - also been observed at the North Omaha Power Station (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc.1973) and the _ George Neal Station (Hey and Baldwin 1974) along the Missouri River and at thel Quad-Cities Station on the Mississippi River- (Larker _1974; Moore 1974).
- isnother 'ef fect of the higher temperatures could be to increase f i - the rate constant - for biochemical oxygen demand E (Parker and Krinke111969).
g > However,-the amount of time that the water was at the _ elevated temperature and ' the percent of river: water in contact with the elevated _ temperature were-insufficient to-produce any significant. changes downstream of Cooper Nuclear Station. The only uae nf chlorination at Cooper Nuclear Station is in the treatment of sanitary wastes. Residual chlorine was not detected in the 1 discharge canal on any of the sampling dates.- fThe results of the operational studiesjat Cooper-Nuclear-_ Station
' indicated that -with' the exception - of temperature and oxygen saturation- which were slightly higher in the discha:3e canal, the operation of the Station had li ttle effect on the _ water quality of the Missouri River.
O 4.0-66 ,
CNS - 316a & b O
4.3 REFERENCES
CITED Ballentine, R. K., J. E. Arden, L. P. Parrich, D. B. Hicks, and S. L. Bugbee. 1970. Water quality of the Missouri River, U. S. Dep. Inter., Cincinnati, Ohio. 34 pp. + 4 appendices. Bowlin g , T . J . 1975. Water quality evaluation. Pages 5-48 13 The evaluation of thermal effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operaticani Phase), January-Dccember 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Hey, J., and K. Baldwin. 1474. Aquatic ecology study (post-operational survey, Neal II) of thw .tissouri River near the George Neal Station. Sioux City, Iuwa. July 1972-May 1973. Briar Clif f College Print Shop, Sioux City, Iowa. 108 pp. Industrial BIC-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1971. Preoperational environmental monitoring (thermal) of the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, April 1970-March 1971. (IBT No. W8977) . Report to Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. 85 pp. + appendix.
. 1972. Preoperational environmentcl monitoring (thermal) of the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, April 1971-March 1972. (IBT No. W8977). Report to Nebraska Public Power District, lll Columbus, Nebr. 61 pp. + appendix.
. 1973. The evaluation of thermal effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Preoperational Phase), April 1972-March 1973. (IBT No. 64301700). Report to Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus , Nebr. 148 pp. + appendix.
Kantz, K. W. , J. R. Salkowski, and J. E. Hawl ey. 1975. Water quality evaluation. Pages 26-83 in the evaluation of thermal eff ects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclect Station (Preoperational Phase), April 1973- March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322). Report by Indastrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Larker, T. D. 1974. Water quality evaluation. Pages 68-135 irt Operational environmental monitoring in the Mississippi River near Quaa-Cities Station, Febraury 1974-July 1974. Repor t by Indust rial BIO-TEST Laboratorien , Inc. f or Commonwealth Edison Co. , Chicago, Ill. Mocre, L. F. 1974. Temperature and dissolved oxygen monitoring. Pages 22-67 13 Operational environmental monitoring in the Mississippi River near Quad-Cities Station, February 1974-July 1974. Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, Ill. O 4.0-67
_...w. .- . - . - . - - . .-.- - .. . . - - ~ ~ . . . . . . ~ . - - - - - _ . . - . - . - . . . - ..., t-CNS - 316a 6 b Nebraska Natural Resaurces Commission. 1975. Micaouri tributaries river basin water quality management plcn. Nebraska Natural Reesurces Commission. -Lincoln, Nebr, 346 pp. Parker, F. L. , and P. A. Krenkel.. 1969. Thermal pollution:- status of the art. lQtional Center for Research and Training in the llydrologic and
. llydrolic Aspects of 'Jatar Pollution Control Pep. No. 3. Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville, Tenn. 343 pp.
i e 4,0 68
,- w vsu r. , n, , - - --- ,-,-,,4 , . , - -- ,,,y ,....e- ,. n,,n., ,y., .
.ig,m-. . , , , y v. - ....~w .y e-.,,>, ,s.
I f CNS - 316a & b Table 4.3-1. Summary of operating levels, flow conditions and differential temperatures (AT) recorded during site studies conducted at g Ccoper Nuclear Station by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc., July 1974 through July 1975. Cooling Water River
% Turbine Discharge Canal Cooling Water Use (% of Flow Date Ca paci tyv,, AT (*F) Flow (cfs) Total River Flow) (c f s) 16 July 1974 48.8 15.3 762 2.17 35100 19 Aug. 1974 60.8 14.8 1116 3.00 37100 18 Sept. 1974 77.0 15.3 1470 4.02 36600 28 Oct. 1974 76.1 15.8 1234 3.28 27600 18 Nov. 1974 84.7 17.3 1453 4.00 36600 2 Dec. 1974 77.8 17.0 1453 6.52 22300 20 Jan. 1975 96.3 24.6 1098 5.28 20800 10 Feb. 1975 53.1 19.1 744 3.65 20400 17 Mar. 1975 77.4 23.0 744 2.76 27000 21 Apr. 1975 97.4 19.7 1098 2.52 43600 0
12 May 1975 45.9 13.2 744 1.74 42700 16 June 1975 44.7 13.9 762 '. 49 51000 14 July 3975 44.3 10 l 1116 2.07 53800 4.0-69
~ ~ ~ . .
CNS - 316a & b
- Table 4.3-2 l Summary of monthly water quality data collected by Industrial-1 ~
BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc. (1971, 1972, unpubliwhed data), Kantz et al. (1975) and Bowling (1975), Cooper Nuclear Station, Brownv111e, Nebraska 1971-1975. Temperature ('C) Date Upstreama __, Downstreamb Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 14.9 14.9 c . 28 July 1971 24.0 24.0 - - 26 October 1971 16.0 16.0 - - 18 May 1972 16.6 16.6 - - - 14 June 1972 21.5 21.8 - - 19 July 1972 24.3 24.4 - 15 August 1972 27.3 77.0 - - 12 September 1972- 22.5~ 22.0 - -
-17 October-1972 12.3 12.0 - -
15 November 1972 s.O 4.0 - - 13 December 1972 0.0 -- - - 9 May 1973 15.3 14.9 15.2 15.3 6 June 1973 21.5- 21.5 22.0 21.5-17 July 1973 26.1 25.9 26.0 25.9 7 August 1973 24.8 24.9 24.8 24.8 18 September 1973 17.0 16.8 17.0 17.4-2" October:1973 -17.1 17.0 17.1 17.1-6 November 1973- 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.1 j ); 19 March'1974- - 5.4- 5.2 6.5 April 1974 - 13.7 13.8 14.0 21 May 1974- - 20.0 20.0 20.0 18 June 1974 23.0 23.5 23.0 29.0 16; July 1974- 27.8 28.1 - 27.7 36.7
-19 Augus t 1974 . 23.5 24.4 23,5 31.0 18 September 1974- 20.0. 21.0 19.8 27.7 28 October'1974 13.4' 14.8 13.4 27.9 18 November 1974 6.7 -7.7 6.6 15.2 2- Decembec '1974':
4.3 1.-- 3 9.6 1' January 1975 - -
'O.0 14.5-J = February 1975 L - -
0.6 10.4 27 March 1975 - -- 2.1 16.1
- 21 Apri1~1975 - -
3.6 -18.4 12 May 1975 - - 17.9 25.3 16 June 1975 19.5 20.0' 19.5 27.2 l 4.0-70 1 l
,, ,, - , . . - - ,.-~m, - - .--- ,
CNS - 316a & b Table 4.3-0. Continued. g Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1) Date Upstreama l Downstream' Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 10.4 10.1 - - 28 July 1971 7.0 7.1 - - 26 October 1971 8.7 8.8 - - 18 May 1972 7.9 7.7 - - 14 June 1972 7.2 7.1 - - 19 July 1972 5.3 5.4 - - 15 August 1972 o.8 6.6 - - 12 September 1972 7.0 7.3 - 17 October 1972 9.8 10.2 - - 15 November 1972 11.9 12.2 - - 13 December 1972 13.4 13.1 - - 9 May 1973 7.8 7.8 i.8 7.d 6 June 1973 7.0 7.0 7.3 7.0 17 July 1973 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.4 7 August 1973 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9 18 September 1973 8.4 8.8 8.4 8.2 2 October 1973 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 6 November 1973 31.1 11.4 11.1 11.0 19 March 1974 - 11.6 11.6 8.8 23 April 1974 - 9.2 9.2 9.6 21 May 1974 - 4.8 5.4 4.8 18 June 1974 7.6 8.2 7.8 7.8 16 July 1974 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.3 19 August 1974 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.4 18 September 1974 7.3 7.6 7.7 7.5 28 October 1974 8.7 8.9 8.8 8.9 18 Noveu,ber 1974 11.9 13.6 12.4 12.7 2 December 1974 - 13.1 13.1 12.0 20 January 1975 - - 12.6 11.7 10 February 1975 - - 12.6 12.9 17 March 1975 - - 12.6 11.5 l 21 April 1975 - - 10.4 9.6 12 May 1975 8.2 7.6 7.7 7.3 16 June 1975 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.5 l l 4.0-71 9
CNS - 316a 6 b () Table 4.3-2. Continued. Oxygen Saturation (%) _ Date Upstream d Downstreamb Inteke Discharge 6 May 19'1 102 99 - - 28 July 1971 82 84 - - 26 Ocotber 1971 87 88 - - 18 May 1972 82 80 - - 14 June 1972 81 81 - - 19 July 1972 163 64 - - 15 August 1972 B5 82 - - 12 September 1972 17 October 1972 80 92 83 94 g l 15 November 1972 91 93 - - 13 Dece iber 1972 92 - - - 9 May 1973 76 76 76 76 . 6 June 1973 79 79 83 79 17 July 1973 78 79 77 78 7 August 1973 83 83 82 82 18 September 1973 87 91 87 84 2 October 1973 77 76 77 77 6 November 1973 91 92 91 90 19 March 1974 - 91 91 71 () 23 April 1974 21 May 1974 88 52 88 59 92 52 18 June 1974 88 95 90 100 16 July 1974 91 90 89 115 ; 19 August 1974 75 77 74 82 18 September 1974 35 84 83 94 28 October 1974 83 85 84 111 _ 18 November 1974 96 113 100 129 2 December 1914 - 9; 93 104-20 January 1975 - -- 86 113 10 February 1975 - - 87 115 17 March 1975 - - 91 117 21 April 1975 - - 78 103 12 May 1975 85 84 oO 106 16 June 1975 80 81 80 96 0 4.0-72
CNS - 316a & b Table 4.3-2. Continued. Dil Date Upst rean? DownstreamD Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 8.3 8.2 - - 28 July 1971 8.2 8.3 - - 26 October 1971 8.1 8.1 - - 18 May 1972 7.9 8.0 - - c 14 June 1972 7.7 7.7 - - 19 June 1972 2 7.7 7.7 - - 15 August 1972 8.0 8.4 - - 12 September 1972 7.7 7.6 - 17 October 1972 8.2 8.2 - - 15 November 1972 8.1 8.0 - - 13 December 1972 8.2 8.2 - - 9 May 1973 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0 6 June 1973 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.0 17 July 1973 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.3 7 August 1973 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 la September 1973 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.8 2 October 1973 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7
-6 November 1973 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.9 4 19 March 1974 -
7.9 7.7 8.0 23 April 1974 - 9.3 8.4 8.3 (57) 21 May 1974 - 8.0 7.9 7.8 18 June 1974 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.2 16 July 1974 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 19 . August 1974 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.2 18 September 1974- 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.2 28 October 1974 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.1 18 November 1974 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 2 December 1974 - 7.9 7.8 7.9 20 January 1975 - - 8.0 8.0 10 February 1975 - - 8.1 8.0 17 March 1975 - - 7.5 7.6 21 April 1975 - - 7.6 7.7 12 May 1975 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 16 June 1975 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0 O 4.0-73
7
'CNS - 316a 6 b
()~ Table 4. 3-2. ' Continued. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1) ' Date Upstream " Downstream U Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 294 - - - 28 July 1971 -509 - - - 26 October 1971 514 - - - 18 May 1972 589 523 - - 14 June 1972 500 474 - - 19 July 1972 , 386 390 - - 15 August 1972 513 499 - -
-12 Septembc 1972 352 327 - - -
17 October 1972- 453 462 - - 15 November 1972 512 497 - - 13 December-1972 567 584 - - 9 May 1973. 440 420 449 442 6 June 1973 507 508 487 500 17 July 1973 490 542 487 484 , 7 August 1973 517 531 493 516- l 18 September 1973 467 483 493 489 2 October 1973 451 445 442 444 6 November 1973 490 479 496 489 19 March 1974f - 510 543 535
- - 23 April 1974 -
537 516 557 21 May.1974 - 350 365 369 L 18 June 1974 479 477 484 473 16 July 1974 518 509 625 573 < 19 August;1974- 593 688 605 600 18 September 1974- 639 643 620 -640 28 October 1974- 447 427 427 429
.18 November 1974:
489 481 505- 487
'2 December-1974 -
537 518 523 20 January--1975 - - 523 -528 - 10 February 1975- - - 538 548 17 March 1975 - - 474 491
- 21. April 1975 - - 520 503 12 May 1975 -545 506 .542 507 16' June 1975 525 531 530 542 4
!O 4.0-74
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e CNS - 316a & b Tabic 4.3-2. Continued. h Specffic Conductance (prabos/cm at 25C) ~~~ Date Upstream a PownstreamC Intake Discharge 18 May 1972 680 675 - - 14 June 1972 700 700 - - 19 July 1972 555 548 - - 15 August 1972 662 651 - - 12 September 1972 471 455 - - 17 October 1972 642 644 - - 15 November 1972 644 635 - - 13 December 1972 759 756 - - - 9 May 1973 656 607 659 662 6 June 1973 724 728 724 736 17 July 1973 743 742 745 744 7 Augus t 19 73 740 734 737 738 18 September 1973 718 714 714 714 2 October 1973 675 661 686 686 6 November 1973 748 742 750 748 19 March 1974 - 735 736 736 23 April 1974 - 776 7'9 779 21 May 1974 - 551 563 570 18 June 1974 713 708 709 713 16 July 1974 19 August 1974 764 731 764 730 755 724 762 728 g 18 September 1974 759 752 747 759 28 Octcber 1974 747 740 745 750 18 November 1974 750 735 764 764 2 December 1974 - 765 766 767 20 January 1975 - - 797 807 10 February 1975 - - 806 815 17 March 1975 - - 700 714 21 April 1975 - - 698 698 12 May 1975 711 730 718 713 16 June 1975 732 728 725 728 9 4.0-75
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- s. .a
CNS - 316n & b () Table 4.3-2. Continued. Turbidity (J.T.U.) Date Upstream a Downstream b Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 37 37 - - 28 July 1971 50 45 - - 26 October 1971 42 42 - - 18 May 1972 74 76 - - 14 June 1972 111 107 - - 19 July 1972 178 183 - - 15 August 1972 - - - - 12 September 1972 >750 >750 - - 17 October 1972 32 33 - - 15 November 1972 59 60 - - 13 December 1972 26 79 - - 9 May 1973 195 218 170 155 6 June 1973 125 91 93 76 17 July 1973 73 80 72 70 7 August 1973 36 38 29 45 18 September 1973 52 48 63 67 2 October 1973 99 103 83 85 6 November 1973 26 27 44 40 19 March 1974 - 40 46 45 23 April 1974 - 59 66 51 O 21 May 1974 18 June 1974 68 350 62 310 73 210 67 16 July 1974 51 53 51 35 19 Augus t 1974 76 59 45 37 18 September 1974 26 43 8 50 28 October 1974 24 27 29 25 18 November 1974 30 26 20 18 2 December 1974 - 73 52 83 20 January 1975 - - 21 15 10 February 1975 - - 12 11 17 March 1975 - - 36 32 21 April 1975 - - 82 118 12 May 1975 125 115 103 113 16 June 1975 64 59 58 55 A O 4.0-76
CNS - 316a & b Table 4.3-2. Continued. Ammonia (eg/1-N) Datt ___ Upstream 3 Downs t remn b Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 0.080 0.055 - - 28 July 1971 0.10 0.072 - - 26 October 1971 0.15 0.14 - - 18 May 1972 0.09 0.08 - - 14 June 1972 0.03 0.07 - - 19 July 1972 0.04 0.05 - - 15 August 1972 0.04 0.05 - - 12 September 1972 0.26 0.33 - - 17 October 1972 0.07 0.0/ - - 15 November 1972 0.11 0.]O - - 13 December 1972 1.0 0.88 - - 9 May 1973 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.11 6 June 1973 0.08 0.13 0.07 0.08 17 July 1973 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 7 August 1973 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 18 September 1973 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 2 October 1973 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 6 November 1973 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.07 19 March 1974 - 0.09 0.06 0.03 23 April 1974 - 0.03 0.03 0.03 21 May 1974 - 0.07 0.06 0.06 18 June 1974 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 16 July 1974 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 19 August 1974 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 18 September 1974 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 October 1974 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.05 18 November 1974 0.16 0.13 0.15 0.17 2 December 1974 - 0.18 0.18 0.23 20 January 1975 - - 0.19 0.19 10 February 1975 - - 0.24 0.22 17 March 1975 - - 0.19 0.19 21 April 1975 - - 0.04 0.04 12 May 1975 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.04 16 June 1975 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0 4.0-77
CNS - 316a &'b Table 4.3-2. Continued. Nitrate b(,mg /1-N) - Date Upstream" Downstream- Intake Discharge 6:May J1971 -- 0.23 0.25 -- --- 23 July 1971 0.22 0.23 - - 26 October 1971 0.23 0.25 - - JS May 1972 0.73 0.73 - - 14 June 1972 1.1 0.72 - - 19 July 1972 0.70 0.83 -- - 15 August 1972 1.1 0.75 - - 12 September 1972 0.62 0.58 - - - 17= October 1972 0.24 0.25 - - 15 November 1972- 0.61 0.56 - - 13 December 1972 0.88 0.90 - - 9 May-1973 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 6 June 1973
- 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.9 17 July 1973- 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 - -
7 Augus t- 1973- 0.34 0.22- 0.33 0.24 18 September 1973- 0.48 0.42 0.46 0.40 2 Octobsr 1973 0.67 0.65 0.68 0.69 6 November 1973 0.32 -0.36 0.37. DJ36 19 March 1974 - 1.2 1.3 1.2' 0.39 0.39 0.41
.( )-
23 April 1974 21 May 1974
-1.6 1.4 1.4 18 June 1974 -1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 16LJuly 1974 0.38 0.30 0.21 0.22
- 19 August 1974 0.15- 0.19 0.21 0.20 18 September 1974 0.03 n.06 0.06 0.16 28 October 1974 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 18 November 1974 0.53 0.47- 0.44 0.60 2 December 1974 -
0.43 0.56 0.52 20 January 1975 - - 0.39 0.41 10 February 1975 -- -
.0.45 0.46 17 March 1975- - -
0.68 0.68
-21 April 1975 -- -
1.5 1.7 12 May-1975 3.9 - 1. 8 -1.9 1.7-l_ 16 June 1975 0.95 0.90 0.90 0.89 O 4.0-78
CNS - 316a & b Table 4.3-2. Continued. Nitrite (mg/1-N) Date Upstream a Downstreamb Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 0.0050 0.0054 - - 28 July 1971 0.0069 0.0067 - - 26 0;tober 1971 0.0057 0.0055 - - 18 May 1972 0.024 0.025 - - 14 June 1972 0.048 0.024 - - 19 July 1972 i 0.076 0.095 - - 15 Augus t 1972 0.021 'O.019 - - 12 September 1972 0.053 0.071 - - 17 October 1972 0.0041 0.0045 - - , 15 November 1977 0.0075 0.0083 - - 13 December 1972 0.0097 0.0093 - - 9 May 1973 0.023 0.025 0.024 0.031 6 June 1973 0.024 0.023 0.029 0.026 17 July 1973 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.015 7 August 1973 0.011 0.0088 0.0085 0.0085 18 September 1973 0.0073 0.0073 0.0070 0.0070 2 October 1973 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 6 November 1973 0.0077 0.0069 0.0065 0.0065 19 March 1974 - 0.012 0.012 0.012 23 April 1974 21 May 1974 0.012 0.097 0.011 0.089 0.011 0.093 lll 18 June 1974 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.013 16 July 1974 0.012 0.0089 0.0069 0.0065 19 August 1974 0.019 0.018 0.023 0.019 18 September 1974 0.0074 0.0086 0.0054 0.0075 28 October 1974 0.0047 0.0046 0.0045 0.0046 18 November 1974 0.0052 0.0048 0.0049 0.0049 2 December 1974 - 0.0039 0.0040 0.0041 20 January 1975 - - 0.0016 0.0052 10 February 1975 - - 0.0090 0.0081 12 March 1975 - - 0.0079 0.0078 21 April 1975 - - 0.030 0.029 12 May 1975 0.019 0.020 0.020 0.019 16 June 1975 0.0097 0.011 0.0091 0.0096 i O 4.0-79
)
. _ - - . - - . ~ . . - - . - . - - - - . -
CNS'- 316a & li .; 1
' Table 4.3-2.- Continued.
Soluble Orthophosphate (mg/1-P)- Date- Upstream" DownstronmD Intake Discharpi 6 May 1971 0.19 0.16 - - 28 July 1971 0.14 0.12 - - 26 October 1971 0.20 0.15 .. - -
-18 May 1972 0.069- 0.086 - -
.14 June 1972 0.023 0.034 - -
-19 July 1972 s 0.030 0.060- - --
15 August 1972 0.059 0.059 - - 12 September 1972 0.066 0.069 -
-.17 October 1972 0.048 0.044 - -
15 November 1972- 0.073 0.079 - - 13 December 1972 0.087 0.055 -- - 9 May.1973 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11
-6 June 1973 0.13 0.13 0.13 .0.13 17 July 1973 0.073 0.076 0.075 0.073 17 August 1973 0.059 0.064 0.061 0.061' 18 September 1973 0.055 0.054 0.065 0.062
-2 October 1973 0.10 0.10 0.10 -0.10
^, 6 November 1973 0.095 0.092- 0.093 0.088 s- 19 March 1974 - 0.10 0.11 -- 0.10 23 April 1974 - 0.070 0.066 0.067 21 May 1974- - 0.22 0.12 0.11 18 June 1974 0.051 0.090- 0.094 0.092 16 July 1974 0.038 0.035. 0.027 'O.043 19 August 1974 0.057 0.060 0.071 0.067-18 September 1974 :0.034 0.032~ 0.034 0.030 28 October 1974 0.059 0.049 0.052 0.049 18 November 1974 0.067 -__0. 06 9 - 0.071 -0.068 2 December 1974 - 0.074 0.075 0.064 20 January 1975 - - 0.072- 0.074~ 10 February 1975 -- - 0.097; 0.098 17 March.1975 - - 0.11 . 0.11
- 21~ April 1975. -- -
0.098 -0.097 12 May 1975 0.092- 0.095: -0.093 0.093 16 June 1975 0.061 0.059 0.059 0.061 o 4.0-80
.. - . _. , .. - , ,, . . - . . , . . - ~ , , . - . - -
CNS - 316a 6 b Table 4.3-2. Continued. Total Phosphorus (mg/1-P) Date Upstrenma Downstreamb Intake Discharge _ 6 May 1971 0.50 - - - 28 July 1971 0.21 - - - 26 October 1971 0.41 - - - 18 May 1972 0.21 0.29 - - 14 June 1972 0.99 0.80 - - 10 July 1972 1.5 1.9 - - 15 August 1972 0.18 0.18 -
~
12 September 1972 3.5 3.4 - - 17 October J972 0.1: 0.17 - - 15 November 1972 0.22 0.24 - - 13 December 1972 0.15 0.16 - - 9 May 1973 0.53 0.72 0.40 0.29 6 June 197? 0.56 0.45 0.53 0.32 17 July 1973 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.28 7 August 1973 0.18 0.28 0.23 0.20 18 September 1973 0.22 0.20 0.24 0.26 2 October 1973 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 6 November 1973 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.21 19 March 1974 - 0.30 0.29 0.30 23 April 1974 21 May 1974 0.26 3.2 0.25 2.6 0.26 1.3 lh 33 June 1974 0.36 0.42 0.37 0.38 18 July 1974 0.20 0 16
. 0.26 0.20 19 August 1974 0.16 0.31 0.31 0.20 18 September 1974 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.21 28 October 1974 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 18 November 1974 J.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 2 December 1974 -
0.10 0.13 0.16 20 January 1975 - - 0.14 0.13 10 February 1975 - - 0.15 0.15 17 March 1975 - - 0.24 0.24
- 21. April 1975 - -
0.38 0.38 12 May 1975 0.41 0.44 0.42 0.44 16 June 1975 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.22 0 4.0-81
=
CNS - 316a 6 b 3 Table 4.3-2. Continued. Soluble Silica (mg/1-SiO2)- Date- Upstrenm a Downstreamb Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 10.0 - - - 28 July 1971 _ 8.0- - - - 26 October 1971- 8.7 - - - 18 May 1972 11.5 12.1 - - 14 June 1972 8.0 9.6 - - 19 July 1972 1 7.8 8.0 - - 15 August 1972 9.5 9.6 - - ,
~
12 September 1972 7.5 7.1 - - 17 October 1972 9.5 9.7 - - 15 November 1972 10.8 11.2 -- - 13 December 1972 12.5 12.4 - - 9 May 1973 12.0 11.4 11.5 11.2 6 June-1973 16.2 16.2 16.3 16.3 17 July 1973 9.7 10.1 9.0 10.2 7 August 1973 10.9 11.0 10.7 10.8 18_ September 1973 10.9 11.3 11.3 11.3 12 October 1973 8.7 10.2 9.7 13.3 6 November 1973 14,4 14.8 14.6 14.4 R
' -- -=
19 March 1973- - 19.3 19.5 19.4
- () 23'Apr11 1974 21 May_1974_
12.0 9.2 11.1 8.7 11.5 9.2 18 June'1974 12.1 10.3 11.0 10.4-
- 16. July 1974- 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3
-19 August!1974 4.6 4.8 4.6- 5.0
'18 September 1974 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 28 October 1974 4.4 4,4 4.7 4.9 18 November 1974 5.4 5.4 5.4 .5.4 2 December 1974 -
6.2 6.1 -6.3 20 January 1975 - - 6.1 6.2 10 February 1975 - - 7.7 -7.9 17 March 1975 - - 8.0 -7.7-
~21_ April-1975-- - -
6.4 6 .- 5 12 May 1975 . 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.5 4 16 June 1975 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 O. 4.0-82
CNS - 316a 6 b I Tabic 4.3-2. Continued. Fecal Coliform Ilacteria (No./100 ml) Date Upstream" Downstream" Intake Discharge 6 May 1971 1100 1200 - - 28 July 1971 15000 15000 - - 26 October 1971 350000 270000 - - 18 May 1972 15000 9000 - - 14 June 1972 3300 1700 - - 19 July 1972 15000 48000 - - 15 August 1972 3900 470 - - 12 September 1972 17000 3600 - - 17 October 1972 6200 1200 - - 15 November 1972 3800 2300 - - 13 December 1972 1600 3500 - - 9 May 1973 9500 70000 8600 6500 6 June 1973 5200 3900 6900 3100 17 July 1973 2'i30 2200 2300 2700 7 August 1973 260t. 3100 2300 4100 18 September 1973 15000 11000 9000 6700 2 October 1973 12000 9000 8500 12000 6 November 1973 7700 2100 2100 3000 19 March 1974 - 2400 2700 3000 23 April 1974 21 May 1974 1600 67000 1400 39000 1300 21000 llk 18 June 1974 2700 1900 2100 2200 16 July 1974 1800 530 1100 2000 19 August 1974 - - 4100 4600 18 September 1974 3900 2400 3200 7600 28 September 1974 3000 1800 1300 2300 18 November 1974 2900 2600 2800 2300 2 December 1974 - 14000 7500 10000 20 January 1975 - - 1900 1700 10 February 1975 - - 910 790 17 March 1975 - - 1700 2200 21 April 1975 - - 390 270 12 May 1975 1700 1800 2700 2100 16 June 1975 140 180 120 160 l i l 9 4.0-83
. - - . - ~ . - - - ~ - - .- - - - - . .- - - - . _ . - - ~_ - . . .. - - ., . -.
CNS - 316a & b g Table 4.3-2. Continued. Pheng1 (mg/1) , Date hpstream a Downstream Intake Discharge 18 May 1972 0.001~ 0.007 - - 14 June 1972 0.007 0.004 - -
-19: July 1972 <0.001 <0.001 - --
15 August 1972 <0.001 <0.001 - - 12 September 1972 < 0.001 <0,001. - - 17 October 1972 <0.001 <0.001 - - 15 November 1972 ' <0.001 <0.001 - - 13 December 1972 <0.001 <0.001 - - 9 May 1973 <r 001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 6 June 1973 (0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
- 17. July l1973 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 7 August 1973 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 - <0.001 18 September 1973 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2 October-1973 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 6 November 1973 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 19 March 1974 -
<0.001 <0.001 c0.001 23 April 1974 -
<0.001 0.001 <0.001 21 May 1974 -
0.002- 0.001_ 0.001 18 June 1974 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001- <0.001 16 July 1974 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002
?0. - 19 August 1974 <0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.007 18 September 1974 0.004 <0.001 0.001
-28 October 1974 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 18 November 1974 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 2 December-1974 - 0.001- 0.001- 0.001-20 January 1975 - - <0.001 <0.001-
-10 February 1975 - -
<0.001 <0.001 17-March 1975 - -- 0.001 0.001 21 April 1975 - - 0.002 0.002 12 May-1975 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 .
16 June 1975 <0.001 0.001 -0.001 <0.001- -' a Samples obtained at-river miles 533.5 (1971) and 534 (1972,1973,1974,-1975) . _ . Samples obtained- at river miles $30.3 -(1971), 530 (1972,1973), and 530.9 (1974, 1975).- c Missing data _ represent locations not sampled during the monitoring- program, d Samples obtained at river miles 530.3 (1971), 526 (1972), 528 (1973), and .;
-530.9 (1974 -1975).
- Samples obtained at river miles 530.3 (1971), 530 (1972),-528'(1973), and l 530.9 (1974, 1975)..
4.0-84
- _ _ _ _ . . _ _ . . _ _ . _ _ _ . . . _ _ , _ . _ . . . , _ . . _ , . _ - - ~ . , - ~. _ _ .~ .. . _ _ .
Table 4.3-3. Summary of 'mpling periods on which statistically significant dif ferences (P < 0.05) as determined b analysis of variance were observed between intake and discharge locations.a 1974 1975 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. J arameter X X X X X X X Tempe ra ture X X X X X X X X X Dissolved oxygen X X X X X X X X Orygen saturation X X X X X - pil X Solids, total dissolved X X Conductance, _ specific X n X X X Turbidity X X $ Ammonia , 3 Nitrate X v X 6 Nitrite 5 X $ Orthophosphate,
- soluble Phosphorus, total X X #
Silica, soluble Bacteria, fecal coliform Phenol a Bowling 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. unpublished data. O O O
O O O ficant dif ferences (P < 0.05) as Summary of sampling periods on which statistically signi (RM 534) and downstream Table 4.3-4. determined by analysis of variance were observed between upstream (RM 530) locations. _ 1975 June Jan.b Feb.b Mar.b Apr.b May 1974 _ Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.D July Aug. X X Parameter X X X X X ! X Tempe ra ture X Dissolved oxygen X X l X Oxygen saturation X pil Solids, total X dissolved n Conductance, g specific X X , Turbidity w g Ammonia R - Nitrate X
- i Nitrite X &
$ Orthophosphate, soluble X Phosphorus, total Silica, soluble Bacteria, fecal coliform Phenol Inc. unpublished dat a. __ Bowling 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Station intake substituted for upstream location. b River mile 534 not sampled. 7
i 4 I CNS - 316a & b 4.4 EFFECTS OF STATION OPERATION ON EXISTINC BIOTA 4.4.1 AQUATIC BIOTA 4.4.1.1 Phytoplankton Preoperational phytoplankton data have been collected from the Missouri River in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station since 3969 (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973; Larson and Alberico 1975). These studies established seasonal and year-to-year con-variations in phytoplankton abundance which were related to nutrient centrations, river flow, turbidity, and temperature. Similar studies were continued when the Station became operational (Larson 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories , Inc. unpublished da ta) . In addition, studies on the entrainment effects of condenser passage were initiated in 1973 while the Station was at 0% turbine capacity to study mechanical effects of condenser passage (Reetz et al. 1975). Combined mechanical and thermal ef fects were studied in 1974 and 1975 (Reetz 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. unpublished data). There were no changes in phytoplankton abundance or connunity structure on a successional or seasonal basis that could be attributed to Abundance and composition of total phytopianiten 9nd Station operation. each of the major groups were generally similar at sampling locationsand both upstream and downstream f rom Cooper Nuclear Station (Figures 4.4-1 4.4- 2 ) . Phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms which were followedThisin order of decreasing abundance by green algae and blue-green algae. community structure is characteristic of most mcjor river systemsabundance (Hynes 3970). No consistent year-to-year or month-to-menth pattern w was displayed by the total phytoplankton or diatoms; however, densities of green algae and blue-green algae generally were highest during the summer months, as is typical for these groups (Hutchinson 1967; Prescott 1968). The large amount of temporal variation in abundance displayed by the total phytoplankton and diatom standing crops was not considered unusual since similar variations have been reported in comprehensive studies of river phytoplankton (VanLandingham 1964; Willians 1964; Blum 1956). Abundances of the major phytoplankton species (those composing
>5% of the total phytoplankton) were compared between Locations RM 534 and Ve ry RM 532 in 1974, the initial year of Station operation (Table 4.4- 1 ) .
few substential dif f erences were found in the abundance of these taxa be tween the two locations, and there was no consistent pattern to indicate that either location was more suitable than the other for the development of major species during any time of the year. A one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison procedure were used to test for significant During the differences (P 1 0.05) in the mafor phytoplankton taxa and groups. 1973 preoperational study, only 26 significant differences between locations were detected from a total of 980 comparisons (Larson and Alberico 197 5) . There was no pattern to the significant dif f erences and the oct asional spacial variability was attributed to the patchy distribution of phytopianKton populations. In 1974 significant. differences (P 1 0.05) in the abundance lll 4.0-87
CNS - 316a 6 b (Induu rial of major algal groups occurred in 17 of 280 location comparisonsThe majority of significan B10-TEST Laboratories, Inc unpublished data) . dif ferences (13 out of 17) occurred in July 1974 and resulted f rom distri- - butional differences in abundance of the centric diatoms Cvelotella men S hinana and Stephanodiscus pinutus_ 101 (Table 532, 4.4'1 ).directly downstream of the at reduction of total phytoplankton atHowever, the abundance of phytoplanktor, Station's discharge canal. There also was 101530 and Di 528 was significantly greater than at M1532. life cycle no indication that Station operation affected the abundance orInstances when a specica w d o .ly of any of the indigenous algal species.at one location (upstream or down when the abundance of the species was mininal. any phytoplankton appeared to be random and there was no indication thatspec The level of liver flow and turbidity appeared to bedicity. the most influential environmental f actors af f ecting phytoplankton perioand were all locations were generally lowest Phytoplankton densities at dominated by pennate diatoms f ollowing periods of heavy flow (Larson 1975) This can be att ributei to dilution of the water, decreased retention benthic diatone time of upstream reservoirs, increased turbidity and scouring of and dominated into the phytoplenkton. Phytoplankton populations were largestA similar relationship by cent ric diatcas following periods of lowest flow. between flow rate and phytoplankton has been previously observed in the dingham (,7 s) Missouri River (Willinma 1964) and other river systems (Blum 1956; vantan 1964; Reinhard 1931; Whitford and Schumacher 1963) . Many of the dominant phytoplankton epecies reported throughoutInc the study (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, (Palmer 1969) and are 1975; Larson 1975) are considered pollution-tolerant d Yang indicators of eutrophic conditions (Patrick and Reimer 1966;little Stoermer an However, Willians (1972) has shown that 1969; Frescott 1968). the pollution-indicator-species concept among the evidence exists to support lle believes that the dominant dominant phytoplankters of major rivers. rivers are related more to edaphic f actors diatoms in most area than to the degree of pollution. Species diversity indicesShannon's were used (1948) to evaluate species the heterogeneity diversity index of the phytoplankton community. 1972,1973, and 1974 ar e presen t d in e valtes for samples collected during lly high and
.e five campling locations were genera Table 4.4 2. Values at thus indicating a very stable phytoplankton very similar on all sampling dates,Two notable variations from the generally community (Cauns et al. 1972). (1) unusually low stabic pattern displayed by the diversity indices were: centric diatoms (Cyclotella values in July 1974 reflecting large pulses of the(Larson 1975), and (2) generally meneghiniana_and Stephanodiscuq minutus) Fluctuations in river flow were probably l
lower values in 1974 than in 1972. since the volume of flow in 1974 ). responsible for both of these variations,(especially in July) was subs I O
. 4.0-88 f
CNS - 316a 6 b Several potential nuisance algae inhabit the study area (Table O
- 4. 4- 3 ) . None of these taxa showed any tendency to be poaltively influenced by operation of the Cooper Nuclear St ation. Each phytoplankton species has a temperature tolerance range and a range in which its growth is optimal.
These limiting and optimal temperat ures are ext remely dif ficult to determine because temperature is only one of several interacting f actors influencing a species at any given time (Fogg 1965). It is generally acknowledged that most diatom species prefer temperatures below 30C (86F), most green algal species grow well at temperatures up to 35 C (95 F) and most blue-green algal species prefer temperatures of 35 C (95 F) or higher (Cairns 1956; Goldman and Carpenter 1974). Patrick.(1969) has demonstrated that when temperatures above 35 C (95 F) are maintained for lengthy periods of time, blue-green algae often become dominant. Since these algae are poor food sources, an ecosystem can be severely damaged by this type of shif t in species composition. There was no increase in blue-green algae following operation of the Station (Figure 4.4-2), and water temperatures did not reach the levels at which blue-green dominance would be expected. The thermal plume f rom Cooper Nuclear Station dissipates rapidly (Lovorn 1975) and there was no evidence that phytoplankton composition downstreen from the Station has changed to include a higher percentage of thermoph411c species. Previous studies (Patrick 1969) concerning the passage of algae through a condenser indicate that if the temperature does not exceed 34 - 34.5 C (93. 2 - 94.1 F) little, if any, harm is done. Combined thermal and mechanical ef fects of condenser passage on O phytoplankton viability, as measured by carbon fixation rate and chlorophyll a concentration, were determined monthly f rom August 1974 through August 1975 (Reetz 1975; Industrial BID-1EST Laboratories. Inc, unpublished data). Duplicate samples were collected and maintained under constant light and ambient temperature conditions with analyses being performed at 7, 24, 48, and 72 hrs af ter collection. Results of thcae studies , designed to document initial and delayed ef fects, were subjected to an analysis of variance (nested one-way design) and tested at the P 1 0.05 iavel of significance. A summary of Station operating parameters and wate r temperatures recorded at the time of phytoplankton viability studies is presented in Table 4.4-4. During sample collections the operating level of Cooper Nuclear Station ranged from 44 to 98% turbine capacity which resulted in discharge temperatures ranging f rom 5.5 C (9.9 F) to 14.8 C (26.6 F) above ambient. Significant differences (P ; 0.05) between the intake at.d discharge ramples occurred in 10 of 51 tests on carbon fixation rates and in 2 of 52 tests of chlorophyll a concentrations (Tables 4.4-5 and 4.4-6). Dif ferencas in carbon fixation rate generally indicated inhibition f ollowing condenser passage. Ilowev e r , significant differences occasionally occurred among locations including control locations (upstream at RM 534) and the intake (fables 4.4-5 and 4.4-6). Uneven distribution of phytoplankton abundance in a river system has been documented by Blum (1956) and may have caused some of the significant differences. Significant di f f erences (P 1 0.05) 4.0-89
CNS - 316a & b () in carbon fixation rates and chicrophyll a concentrations generally did not occur following condenser passage, except during periods of chlorination at the Quad-Cities. Station on the Mississippi River (Restnino et al .- 197 3) ' Cooper Nuclear Station does not chlorinate. - Morgan and Stross (1969) found increased carbon fixation af ter condenser passage when ambient water temperatures were below16 C (60.8 F) nul decreased ' rates when ambient temperatures exceeded 20 C (68.0 F). Slight stimulation of carbon fixation at lower water temperatures has also been recorded at the Fort _Calhoun Station (hedmond et al.1975), approximstely
- 114 river miles upstream of Cpoper Nuc1 car Station. Percent stimulation or inhibition recorded during studies at Cooper Nuclea- Station was generally slight. and varied between sample collections and du.a. an of sample storage (Table 4. 4- 7 ) . Maximum initial (7 hrs) st imulation of carbon fixatior, rate occurred in January when ambient river temperature was D;0 C (32.0 F), while '
maximum inhibition (27%) occurred in August 1975 when ambient temperature was 26.8 C (80.2 F) . Delayed effects (24, 48, and 72 hrs) were more variabic and ranged f rom 66% stimulation at 72 hrs in June 1975 to 26% inhibition at 48 l and 72 hrs in March 1975. Seasonally, summer and winter samples responded to condenser passage in relation to ambient temperature. Samples collected during the winter months (December.1974, January - February 1975), when ambient temperature ranged from 0.00 (32.0 F) to 0.5 C (32.9 F) exhibited slight stimulation of carbon fixation rate throughout the 72 hr sample storage period (Figure. 4.4- 4 ) . Summer sampics (August 1974. June - August 1975) showed inhibition of carbon fixation initially, followed by recovery and slight stimulation at 48 and 72 hrs (Figure 4.4- 5 ) when ambient temp',ratures ranged f rom 19.5 C (67.1 F) to 26.8 C (80.2 F) . , Samples collected in f all (Figure 4.4- 4 ) and spring (Figure 4.4- 5 ) did not s'mw the expected stimulation when ambient temperatures were generally below It.0 C (60.8 F) . Fall samples (September - November 1974)- demonstrated inhibition through 48 hrs of sample storage while spring samples
.(March - May 1975) demonstrated slight inhibition throughout the 72 hr sample storage period. The inhibition recorded during the f all sampling period
' appeared to be related to differences in phytoplankton abundance at the time of collection with the density at the discharge being lower than at the intake.
The downstream effect of condenser passage at Cooper Nuclear 4 Station-on phytoplankton viability was predicted by multiplying the percent inhibition or stimulation recorded at the discharge location by the percent
- of Missouri River flow being diverted through the Station's condenser cooling system. The reliability of this predictive approach is supported by the rapid mixing of the thermal ef fluent discussed in Section 4.2.12. Ba se d on the relatively minor effects = recorded at the discharge location and'the small percentage of river water being diverted for cooling (Table 4.4- 4 ), the downstream ef fects were generally less than 1% stimulation or inhibition of carbon fixation rate or chlorophyll a concentration (Tabic 4.4- 7 ) . These effects are insignificant to the phytoplankton population of the Missouri River. Similaricy of phytoplankton abundance, species composition and 4.0-90 .. a__.,a.,_.._..,,~,._._-,_._,__,-..__.._. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . , . _ . , - _ _
CNS - 316a & b O diversity upstream and downstream of Cooper Nuclear Station further supports the entrainment results which indicate there has been no appreciable harm to the phytoplankton community due to Station operation. 4.4.1.2 Zooplankton Preoperational zooplankton studies near Cooper Nuclear Station in the Missouri River were initiated on a monthly basis in 1972 (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories 1973; Larson and Alberico 3975). The purpose of these studies was to document species composition, abundance, species diversity, and spatial and temporal distribution of the zooplankton. Similar studies were continued when the Station became operational in 1974 (Repsys 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc, unpublished data). Additional studies on effects of condenser passage and plume entrainment on zooplankton were initiated in 1973 (Reetz et al.1975; Iverson et al.1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. unpublished data). Field studies have suggested that zooplankton survival through condenser cooling systems is dependent on both ambient temperatures of the intake waters and thermal elevations or AT (Davies and Jinsen 1974). Other factors included the duration of exposure time to the thermal ef fluent and the concent ration of chlorine in the discharge water following periods of chlorination. Size of entrained organisms also affects the extent of damage to the zooplankton (Restaino et al.1973; Reet z e t al. 1974). These effects have been attributed to mechanical abrasion rather than therral effects. Data collected in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station have established that species composition of the zooplankton is characteristic of reservoir assemblages rather than a river community. Prior to closure of the main stem reservoirs on the Missouri River, microcrustacea were sparse frem the Iowa line to its confluence with the Mississippi River (Berner 1951). Upon closure of these reservoirs, the newly formed bodies of water were colonized by species common in temperate lakes of South Dakota and Nebraska (e.g. Diaptomus siciloides, D. clavipes and Cyclops vernalis) and species with a more northerly or northwesterly distribution (e.g. Diaptomus ashlandi, D. fc esi and D. sicilis). Species composition near the Station is similar to that reported from Lewis and Clark lake, 278 river miles upst ream (Cowell 1967, 1970). Seasonal dif ferences existed in species composition because of the temporal nature of vooplankton life cycles (11utchinson 1967) . Rotifers were most important f rom May through August comprising up to 84% of the zooplankton. Copepods became relatively more important during the late summer and fall comprising up to 96% of the zooplankton, while the cladocerans generally made up less than 10% of the population. Examination of the percent composition of major zooplankton groups upstream and downstream of the Station indicated that no appreciable changes in relative abundance have occurred since the Station became operational (Table 4.4- 8 ). The greatest dif ferences among locations existed on 16 July 1974 when the density of the rotifer Brachionus spp. was lower at the edge of the allowable mixing zone (PM 530.9). These differences were not signif! cant (P 1 0.05) based on results of a one-way analysis of variance (Repsys 1975). Relative abundance of the dominant taxa (immature copepods, Cvelops vernalis, C. b i cu sp_i d a t u s thomasi, Diaptomus spp., Bosmina loneirostris, immature Daphnia spp. and jg Brachionus spp.) both upstream and downstream of the Station exhibited the same trend as the major groups. 4.0-91
CNS - 316a 6 b O J Although some zooplankters are considered heat tolerant, l 7), the ! especially the cladocerans (Davies and Jensen 1974; Hutchinson 196 duration of exposure to elevated temperatures in the vicinity of the(Sect Station is too short times to stimulate reproduction. considered nuisance species Zooplankton are generally not However, some taxa are __because of their impor*ance in aquatic food taxachains. in the intermediate hosts f are parasitic. Cyclops and Diaptomus which were dominant flukes and Missouri River are intermediate hosts.for some tapeworms,bundance of these ,.y _ No changes 'in the relative h nematodes (Pennak 1953). taxa have been recorded which could be attributed in sufficient numberse to operation of t - Station. Parasitic copepods are rarely present (Pennak 1953) . under natural conditions to cause serious injury to the host Ergasilus chautauquacnsis has been the only parasitic copepod encounte and it was rare (Repsys 1975). with .a host (Roberts 1970). Zooplankton abundance in the vicinity Contributions of Cooper Nuclear Station from upstream is dependent on discharges from Gavins Point Dam. d are tributaries generally occur during periods of excessive runoff an Peak probably limited mainly to rotifers and littoral microcrustacca. i ides g 'pndances were generally encountered in May and November which co nc ( ,lh reported spring and late fall peaks1957, in the abundance 1970). Dischargeofofplankton plankton in _the discharge f rom Gavins Point Dam (Cowellfrom a reservoir generally r This decline has been attributed to turbidity and Williams high current velocity (1971) reported (Berner 1951) and age of the water (Kofold 1903). f Lewis over 3-f old decreases in crustacea densities between the tailwaters o and Clark Lake and a point 78 miles downstream in the Missouri River.the vicinity of Similar decreases have been suggested by Repsys (19' i) it.nnual variations in d Clark Cooper Nuclear Station between RMThe 534 and RM 526. abundance ca Lake, rather than in the vicinity of the Station.has been described as a de (Repsys 1975). upon release from Lewis and Clark Lakelikely, especially for the microcrustacee, Nuclear because of zooplankton are not travel-time from the tailvaters of Lewis and Clark Lake to Coopertimes of the dominant Station is snort (40-55 hrs) in comparison to development l microcrustacea (Hutchinson 1967). of Comparison of pre- and postoperational data ohowed no effect Station operation on the abundance of zooplankton downstream of the dischargeD canal (Figure 4.4- 6 , 4. 4- 7 , and 4. 4-8) , d Tukey's were tested for significance by a one-way analysis of variance anData f rom preoper multiple comparison procedure. zooplankton indicate that are unif ormly distributed in the vicinity of the There were only 8 significant dif ferences l Station between RM 534 and RM 526.of 820 location comparisons in 1973 (Larson and Alb l f']P<0.05)out on a species or locational basis.
\-Dbserved dif f erences were not consistent 4.0-92 i
+ ,a- _, -
l l CNS - 316a & b in 1974, only 35 significant differences (P 1 0.05) were recorded frcm a total O of 703 location comparisons (Repsys 1975). The majority (29 out of 35) of these dif ferences occurred in May 1974 before the Station was operating. Differences among locaticns were attributed to the variable distribution and abundance of the rotifer, Brachionus spp. Data collected f rom May through July 1975 showed similar distribution patterns with only 11 significant differences (P 10.05) out of 400 location comparisons (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc, unpublish'd data) . All significant dif ferences occurred in July 1975; these differences were f or total Cladocera, total Daphnia, Daphnia immature and Chydorus sphaericus. Jor.e of the significant dif ferences showed a decrease downstream of the Station, rather they generally indicated that cladoceran densities were greater at RM 532 than at RM 534, The abundance of C. sphaericus was signi-
~
upstream of the Station. - ficantly greater (P i 0.05) at RM 532 than at all other locations; howaver, the abundance at other locations was similar. Species diversity indices have been used ns evidence for natural and unnatural environmental changes (Warren 1971). Shannon's diversity (H) value (Shannon 1948), which depends on the number of taxa and their relative abundance,is a measure of community heterogeniity. The higher the H value, the greater the community heterogeneity. Evenness values (J) were also determined. The higher the evenness value the more evenly distribeted the taxa within a community. Comparison of H and J values calculated f rcm postoperational data indicated that dif ferences among locations were generally slight (Tabte 4.4- 9 ) . on 18 June 1974 between RM 528 and RM 534. Locations downstream of the The greatest dif f erence observed was 0.9333 units g allowable mixing zone (RM 530.9) generally had the greatest diversity. On 6 of the 8 sampling dates diversity was lowest at RM 534, upstream of the Station. Diversity values were lowest at RM 532 directly downstream of the discharge on 18 September 1974 and 16 June 1975. The dif ferences between RM 534 and RM 532 were small; 1.9987 at RM 534 vs. 1.6918 at RM 532 in September 1974, and 1.9979 at RM 534 vs. 1.8775 at RM 532 in June 1975. Diversity values at the edge of the allowable nixing zone (RM 530.9) were similar or slightly higher than at RM 534. The differences in species diversity were generally slight and probably not of biological importance. The combined thermal and mechanical ef f ects of condenser passege on zooplankton were determined at Cooper Nuclear Station during March 1974 and f rom May 1974 through 1 August 1975 (lverson et al. 1975; Industrial B10-TEST Laboratories , Inc , unpublished data) . Station operating levels during these studies ranged f rom 7 to 97% turbine capacity in 1974 (Table 4.4-10) and f rom 50 to 100% in 1975 (Table 4.4-11) . Variations in AT ranged f rom 1.8 C (4.2 F) in Marca 1974 to 13.4 C (24.1 F) in January 1975. There appeared to be no direct correlation between increases in temperature across the condensers (AT) and zooplankton immotility. The highest immotility (38.4%) occurred in July 1975 when the AT was 8. 4 C (15. l F) (Table 4.4-12) . When the AT reached a maximum of 13.4 C (24. ?) in January 1975, the immotility was only 4.0%. Zooplankton recovery 4 hrs af ter entrainment appeared to increase as ambient water temperatures decreased (Iverson et al. 1975). Mortalities were greatest in the summer when ambien t temperatures were highest. Other 4.0-93 i
~ ~ - - - . - - - . - - - . - - - -- - - . - - _ . . - - - - - . - . -
CNS - 316a & b i- studies have also shown that the offects of thermal discharges on zooplankton are most severe during the summer (Jensen 1974: Res tnino et a l.19 73) .. These effects have been attributed to AT, chlorination and exceeding of critical temperatures (Bader and Roessler 1971; Churchill and Wojtalik 1969; Davit s l and Jensen 1974; Normandeau-1970). Factors other than AT may be primarily responsible for the report ed irmotilities and mort.ali ties at Cooper Nuclear Station because (1) the AT was low, (2) chlorination is not used, and (3) cri-tical temperatures of 37.0 C (98.6 F) have not been exceeded (Tables 4.1-2). Losses due to mechanical abrasion probably have more of an adverse impact on zooplankton, particularly because immotilities and mortalities were higher when larger taxa (Cyclops, Diaptomus, Daphnia, Diaphanosoma) were most abundant. Mechanical damage it, further implicated since cladoceran taxa show the greatest immotilities (Table 4. 4-12, 4.4-13) , yet they are generally considered warm water forms (Hutchinson 1967).- Also, Jensen (1974) found that copepods are generally more susceptible to condenser passage than cla-docerans. Mechanical effects of condense passage on zooplankton were determined f rom June through November 1973 (Reetz et al.1974) and _.pril 1974 (Iverson et al.1975) when Cooper Nuclear Station was operating at 0.0% turbine capacity and there was no heat exchange across the condensers. During periods of no thermal loading, immotilities _of entrained zooplankton ranged from 1.0 to 18.3% and averaged 9.1%. Mortalities, 4 hrs af ter condenser passage, averaged 4.4% indicating an average recovery of 51.6% of the initially immotile organisms. In 1974 during periods of thermal loading, immotilities of entrained zooplankton ranged f rom 3.3 to 21.7% and averaged 10.6%. Partial , recovery of initially immotile organisms occurred during periods of thermal loading except in June, July and November 1974 and March and July 1975 Mechanical f actors which may have af fected zooplankton viability during condenser passage included pressure changes, collision of organisms against condenser tube. walls, and collision with the. impellers of the circulating water pumps. Scouring nay have been caused by suspended particulate matter
- present in the river water. Naturally occurring immotility _ and mortality were highest when river flow and turbidity were highest (Iverson et al. 1975).
Adverse effects on zooplankton viability at Cooper Nuclear Station were a linear function of size as shown by binomial regression analysis of zooplarkton immotility (Reetz et al.197 5) . Immotility of entrained organisms exceeding a mean length of 1.11 mm (including Daphnia pulex, Diaptomus f orbesi at.d Diaphanosona leuchtenbergianum) was 9.2%, while
-immotility of organisms with mean lengths of 1.11 mm or less (including calanoid copepodites, cyclopoid copepodites, Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, Daphnia opp.
{ immature}-and Diaptomus siciloides) was 1.4%. Similar results have been reported in the Missouri River by Industrial B10-TEST Laberatories, Inc. (1973) at the North Omaha Power Station and by Wetzel et al. (1975) at Fort Calhoun Station _ located approximately 114 miles upstream of Cooper Nuclear Station. The net effect of entrainment at Cooper Nuclear Station on the zooplankton can be derived by multiplying the percent immotility due to 4.0-94 I i_ _ _ _ . - _ __ -. . _ _,_ _ _ . _ _ - ___ _ -
~=
CNS - 316a & b condenser passage by the fraction of river flow passing through the Station. O Assuming equal distribution of zooplankton in the river, Lbe condenser irnotility ranged f rom a low of 0.0% to a high of 0.89% of the total river zooplankton community passing the Station (Table 4.4-14, 4. 4-15 ) . The greatest total river ef fects occurred during the summer when river flows were high (62600 cf s), AT's were low (8.4 C [15.0 F l) and large zooplankton taxa were most abundant. The greatest winter ef f ect occurred during one of the lowest flows (22300 cfs) recorded during the study and a AT of 8.S C (15.8F). Winter immotilities on a total river basis ranged from 0.20 to 0.56%. Zooplankton densities in the Missouri River are generally low in the winter because of decreased zooplankton and water discharges f rom Gavins point Dam (Cowell 1967; Monger et al. 1974). Total river ef fects of less than 1% of the zooplankton community are consistent with ef fects at the Quad-Cities Station on the Mississippi River (Restaino et al. 1973) and the Fort Calhoun Station upstream of Cooper Nuclear Station (Wetzel et al.1975). Despite apparent effects on zooplankton immotilities, there were no persistent changes in the zooplankton community within the mixing zone or downstream. The effects of plume entrainment in 1974 on zooplankton viability at the edge of the mixing zone were not significantly different (p 10.05) f rom the intake except in May (Iverson et al. 1975) when the AT was only 2.5 C (4.5 F) and the Station was operating at only 25% turbing capacity. These results generally agree with other studies on the effects of condenser passage on zooplankton, especially when river water is used f or cooling (Davies and Jensen 1974; Restaino et al. 1973). Since, (1) critical temperatures at Cooper Nuclear Station were not exceeded. (2) only a small lll percentage of the water available from the Missouri River is used for cooling purposes, and (3) the Missouri River has the mixing capacity necessary to quickly dissipate heat, the effects of condenser passage on zooplankton are minimized at Cooper Nuclear Station and no downstream changes in zooplankton abundance, species composition or diversity have occurred since the Station became operational. 4.4.1.3 periphyton Data collected on periphytic algae in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station during 1972-1974 (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1973; Andersen and Reetz 1975; Farrell 1975) indicated that species composition, density, biovolume and diversity were influenced by season, habitat , and relationship of river flow to current velocity and scouring. pre- and postoperational data also suggested that each sampling location provided a unique area for periphyton colonization and that yearly variation in indicators of the state of the periphyton (i.e. density, biomass production, diversity) caused by the above f actors was comparable to any variation introduced by Station operation (Farrell 1975). Temperature data recorded continuously at each sampling location during periods of periphyton study la 1972-1974 (Farrell 1975; Figures 4.4 4.4-11) did not reveal consistent loading at any location below the Station after operation began in July 1974. These records indicate that the thermal plume may not make sustained contact in the areas where periphyton 4.0-95
_ _ _ . _ m __ - _ _ _ . _ 4 CNS - 316a & b lOL is sampled, although thermal plume maps (Lovorn 1975 and Section 4.2.12) show the plume hugging the west shore on days of actual plume mapping. Lovorn
-(1975).also_ reported that there is a rapid loss of heat during the first 1000 ft of plume travel. The nearest periphyton sampling location is 4 approximately 2000 ft downstream of the discharge canal.
Seasonal successional patterns of dominant taxa remained similar after Station operation in 1974 (Farrell 1975). Tables 4.4-16 to 4.4-19 present dominant taxa (comprising:10% or more of the total density or biovolume of periphyton present)-for June-November 1972-1974 and June and July 1975. Asterionella formosa which iss usually planktonic (Hustedt 1930), Achnanthes lanceolata and Pleurosigma sp. were dominant for the first time in June and July 1975. .These diatoms (Bacillariophyta) were present, but not dominant, in the periphyton in~1972-1974 (Farrell 1975). Asterionella was also prevalent in spring collections of phytoplankton from the Missouri River near Cocper Nuclear Station in 1972-1974 (industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories , Inc.1973, Larson and Alberico 1975; Larson 1975) and in June 1975-(inaustrial BIO-TEST. Laboratories, Inc. unpublished data). Navicula biconica was dominant for the first time in June 1975 at EH 532; however, this taxon was reported within the Navicula sp. designation in' previous studies. On another occasion (27 November 1974. RM 534) the blue-green alga Lyngbya- sp. was more abundant than at the downstream locations, but this may have resulted from installation of a replacement sampler at the beginning'of the November . colonization period. Brown (1971) reported that before periphytic algae will begin colonization of () glass slides a bacterial layer must develop. . Cold water might hinder development of such a layer on a newly pl ced substrate and cause dif ferences in species composition from those on substrates with an established bacterial population. Bott (1975) studied periphytic bacteria in natural habitats and found that their doubling times varied inversely with temperature. In general, g the pattern of seasonal development of periphyton in the Misso 'i River near Cooper Nuclear Station during June-November 1972-1974 was Compuonema, Fragilaria- and Nitzschia- in spring to midsummer; Navicula, Comphonema, L Cocconeis and Biddulphia-in late summer; and Biddulphia,. Cocconcis, Navicula and Nitzschia in the fall. A similar pattern was reported by the Joint Agency.
-Study Committee for 1971 in the final environmental statement on Cooper Nuclear Station (U._ S. Atomic Energy Commission 1973) . _
The natural heterogeneity of attached algal populations in flowing waters has been recognized by Blum (1956,1960), Whitford (1960) and Hynes (1970). Light, temperature, seasonality, current, substratum, alkalinity, other minerals and scour are listed by Hynes as f actors af fecting attached' algae. Reisin and Spencer (1970) concluded that slide exposure time and seasonal change affected species composition qualitatively and qucntitatively, and Patrick (1973) reported that species composition may vary greatly over > time without changes in water quality, although in another study Patrick (1968) L found that 95 to- 98% of the individuals were- composed of species common to eight diatom' communities studied' under similar ecological conditions, i-l Diatoms continued to dominate community' structure in 1975 comprising f rom 91.to 100% of the density and 95 to 100% of the biovolume of
- O periphytic algae observed (Table 4.4-20). Diatoms averaged 75.5% of the 4.0-96
.-m._- _ _ _ __ __ _. _ _ _ . . _ . - . . _ - - _ __ _. _. ,- __ _ _ -_ ._ _ _
CNS - 316a 6 b density and 75.9% of the biovolume of periphytic algae per month (June-O November) in 1973 and 95.7 and 93.7%, respectively, per month (June-November) in 1974 for all snmpling locations (Farrell 1975). Density and biovolume in June were higher in 1975 than in 1973 or 1974 ranging f rom =12000 ce31s/cm 2 and 0.27 pl/dm2 at RM 534 to =188,000 cells /cm2 and 16.65 pl/dm2 at RM 530 (fables 4.4-21 and 4.4-22) . Highest densities and biovolumes previously reported in June were =6400 cells /cm at2 RM 526 and
- 0. 81 ul/dm2 at RM 534 in 1973 ( Andersen and Reetz 1975) and 211000 cells /cm2 and 0.06 pl/dm2 at RM 534 in 1974 (Farrell 1975). Biovolume in July 1975, particularly at RM 528, was considerably higher than the biovolume reported in July 1974 or July 1973 (Tables 4.4-21 and 4.4-22). Total periphyton density was 2.5 times greater in July 1975 than in July 1974 which does not account for the 74-fold increase in biovolume. However, Navicula heufleri was the dominant taxon in both cases and had an individual density apprcximately one-third higher in July 1975 and an average biovolume per cell that was approximately three times greater than 16. July 1974 (468 p3 in July 1975 vs.
160 p3 in July 1974). Biovolume of N. heufleri was 734 p3 in July 1973, but total periphyton was only =36000 cells /cm 2 which accounts for the low biovolume for that month. Many of the rather large differences in the average biovolume of a particular taxon such as N. heufleri, and consequently, differences in total biovolume reported for a specific location between time periods or different locations between time periods are due to relatively small differences in the average dimensions reported for that organism. The ef fects of thermal ef fluents on algal cell volume are not known; however, . these changes in biovolume of N. heufleri occurred above and below the Station. In 1973 and 1974 the occurrence in low numbers of a large alga at one or two locations occasionelly caused differences in trends between density and biovolume. Cladophora glomerata, a larga green (Chlorophyta) alga, added substantially to the biovolume of periphyton at RM 532 on 6 August 1973 and the presence of Biddulphia laevis at RM 528 and RM 530 on 28 September 1974 caused a peak in biovolume in September at these locations while density did not reach a maximum until October. Maximum density in 1973 occurred in August at RM 526. RM 528 and RM 530, ranging f rom =220,000 to 356,000 cells /cm2 , and in September at RM 532 and 534 averaging =410,000 cells /cm2 (Table 4.4-21). In 1974 peak densities occurred in October at RM 528, RM 530, and RM 532 averaging =2 million cells / cm 2 . Samplers were lost at RM 534 and RM 526 in October. Differences in abundance between locations and years are probably related to the heterogeneous nature of periphyton in flowing water. Number of taxa, diversity (Shannon 1948) and evenness (Zar 1968) for June-November 1973-1974 and for June and July 1975 are presented in Tables 4.4-23 to 4.4-25. Number of taxa encountered per location in June 1975 rose considerably over June 1974, while July data for 1973-1975 were fairly constant. Diversity and evenness in June 1975 we re comparable to June 1973. In June 1974 diversity at RM's 532-526 was depressed, even though evenness was high, because of the few taxa encountered (Farrell 1975). 4.0-97
.. . . __ __ _ _ . . _ _ . _ - . . - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . - _ ~. _ _ _. _ .-
1 1
-CNS - 316a & b-O The average number of species cucountered per month per location rose from 23 in 1973 to 30 in 1974 although overage diversity declined from 2,66 in 1973 to 1.83 in 1974. This decline was attributed to concentration
~
i of abundance in a few taxa which resulted in a decreased monthly average evenness from 0.62-_in 1973 to 0.47 in 1974. High or low diversity.has been suggested as indicative of biologically or physically controlled systems (Odum 1971; Pielou 1975). River flow (Figure 4.4-3) has been reported as c major f actor regulating aquatic communities in the Missouri River (Industrial a- - BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1971, 1972; Munger et al. 1974; Farrell 1975). In general, variation in diversity and evenness was comparable during_ pre- and postoperational periods; however, Pielou (1975) notes that attempting to distinguish "within habitat" and "between habitat" contributions j to diversity may require- a zoned community on an environmental gradient '
- rather than one in a uniform environment. '
Mean biomass production for sampled locations in June-November 1972-1974 and June and July 1975 is presented in Tables 4.4-26 and 4.4-27. Variations in periphyton biomass data collected at Cooper Nuclear-Station since 1972 were tested for significance using an analysis of variance followed by Tukey's (Steel and Torrie 1960) or Schef fe's (Schef fe 1959) multiple comparison procedure. No statistical differences (P jL 0.05) between
- locations were observed in _1972, but only three replicates were collected per location. There was'no_ consistent pattern of statistically significant O- differences-in. production at any location in 1973 or 1974 (Farrell 1975).
Statistical differences (P ;[ 0.05) in biomass production between locations 1 continued to appear in June and July 1975. If thermal loading from Cooper Nuclear Station was influencing the periphyton community downstream, certain trends in density, biovolume, diversity, evenness, and biomass production would be expected to occur that were.not evident before Station operation began in July 1974. Depending upon the intensity and distance of the thermal gradient established and possibly , assuming that temperature is the. factor of overwhelming importance that Pielou
- (1975) refers to, these upstream-downstream trends in density, biovolume, diversity, evenness or production on a particular sampling date-would be reflected by-(1) an increase or decrease of the test parameter at RM 532 followed by a return to baseline values at RM 530 or a slow return to baseline values at succeeding downstream locations, (2) a dome-shaped, possibly bell shaped, or its _ inverse, response of the test . parameter _ with the maximum or minimum at RM 530,- (3) a horizontal straight line response of the test .
parameter' indicating no effect, or .(4) scattering of points. Since Station operation began, biomass production has. exhibited a decreased effect at RM 532 once _(July 1974), the dome ef f ec t _ three times - (October and November 1974, June 1975), a possibic inverse dome response in July 1975,- and the straight line response in August and September -1974 (Tables 4.4-26 and 4.4-27). However, preoperational data exhibited the increased pattern at RM 532 in July 1973 and possibly that response in October 1973, the dome effect in August and September 1973, a straight line l response in July, August and November 1972..and June 1973 and 1974 and a j steadily increasing or decreasing pattern of production in September and 4.0-98
,m g- . sy .e ;
.n+e* i+++1* -ya---- ee- *-m-ew-w--,ws*w-+--+s u 9 7-t- e 't e e + w. -er*,-=++-- -w +--**ww==-* a--- r .u - w w- bww- -a---- w- to-- **-M-v-+-- -e *P~-r--s- -d ++Wn*ase+temt -rr v ~ ~ ?N
CNS - 316a & b O October 1972, respectively (Farrell 1975). Analysis of data f or average biomass production per day for 1972-1974 showed a pattern similar to case (4) above for 1972 and the dome response in 1973 and 1974 (Farrell 1975). Analysis of biomass and other 1.1 collected on periphyton in the Missouri River near Cooper Neelcar Station lead to the conclusion that similar spatial patterns in these parameters occurred before and after Station operation began. The maximum AT expected at 100% power f rom November-April at the edge of the mixing zone (7500 f t downstream) under a 10 year low flow regime would be 9.8 F or approximately 5.5 C (section 4.2.12). Under average summer flow (May-October) at 100% operating capacity, a AT of 4.2 F (*2.4 C) would be expected at 7500 ft. Patrick (1971) found that periphyton diversity increased as much as one unit when water at 2.8 C was raised to 22 C while temperature increases from 14.5 to 31.5 C produced a smaller increase in diversity. Patrick (1969, 1971, 1974) also suggested that increased tem-peratures affect diatoms beneficially at low water temperatures by increasing biomass and density and do not become deleterious to diatoms at higher temperatures until the upper thermal tolerance limit is approached which for most species is around 30 C (Patrick 1969) . However, the maximum temperature that can be tolerated varies with exposure period (Wellace 1955). As the upper thermal tole:ance limit for diatoms (30 C) is approached, green (Chlorophyta) or blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) may begin replacing diatoms in dominance (Palmer 1962; McIntire and Thinney 1965; Patrick 1969, 1971, 1974; Patrick et al. 1969). Ambient river temperatures approached 30 C in July and Auguct (Figures 4.4 4.4-11). In a study from August-November 1974 of the periphytic algae at Fort Calhoun Station located approximately llf 114 river miles upstream (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1975), blue-green algae comprised over 85% of the density (but only 25% of the biovolume) of periphytic algae on two sampling dstes in August and green algae over 90% of the density on another date in August at a location approximately 100 ft downstream from the point of discharge. Blue-green or green algae never accounted for more than 18% of the density at the 2000 ft location. However, green algae accounted for up to 50% and blue-green algae 34% of the total periphyton density at the upstream location. Therefore, it seems reasonable to expect the addition of heat in the summer months at lower flows may cause an increase la gr n er blue-green algae, whereas in the cool water months increased production of diatom dominated communities may occur. Trembly (1960) concluded that the periphyton was " considerably altered" by a power plant discharge although conditions returned to normal by 4500 ft downstream. None of the above expected effects have manifested themselves in the periphyton at sampling locations below Cooper Nuclear Station. The pattern of steadily incrensing AT between ambient river and discharge canai temperatures (using this value as an index of heat input downstream) in 1974 (Table 4.4-28) did not appear to alter the patterns of species composition, density, biovolume, biomass production, diversity or evenness of the periphyton beyond ranges expected because of seasonality and flow. 4.4.1.4 Macrophyton and Macroalgae Underwater or floating aquatic macrophytes and macroalgae have not been observed by field biologists conducting preoperational and 4.0-99
___-m . _ _ _ . _ _ - - _ . _ _ _ _ _ . - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ CNS - 316a & b O - operational thernal ef fects studies on the Missouri River uear Cooper Nuclear Station._ Factors _ limiting the establishment of submerged " rooted" macrophytes_ include shifting substrate, excessive turbidity, scouring, and fluctuating water levels. Vegetation characteristic of wet soils has, however .become established on sandbars and exposed banks wlen the river , flow was low and stable. This macrophyte community, dominated by willow (Salix 8pp.) and smartweed (Polygonum app.) became inundated during the high flow conditaan of the 1975 season. This flooded condition existed prior to and during the October 1975 qualitative aquatic macrophyte su rvey . Results cf this survey indicated that the vegetative structure of the sandbar aad shoreline com.nunities is similar both upstream and downstream , of Cooper Nuclear Station. Extensive willow (Salix spp.) and cottonwood , (Populus deltoides) stands and occasional smartweed beds (Polygonum spp.) exist throughout the study area. Willow species that were observed included black wijlow (Salix nigra), peach-leaved willow (Salix amygdaloides) and. sandbar willow (Salix exigua). Other lowland taxa were considered uncommon. Although a variety of macrophytes occurs in the Missouri River floodplaia near the Station, a lack of shallow quiet backwater areas both upstream and downstream of Cooper Nuclear Station prohibits their establishment within the river bed. The physical strees provided by the Missouri River prohibits most species f rom becoming established and others from reaching nuisance levels on the sandbars and shoreline. The macrophyte community, particularly herbaceous species, is controlled by the sct uring and shif ting substratum associated with periodic flooding. In a study of three South Carolina reservoir a, Parker et al. (1973) found a reduction in relative abundancefof most species, lower species diversity, and elimination of several macrophytic species in arcaa receiving chronic thermal loading. Water temperatures were generally more than 15 C (27 F) warmer in these af fected areas than at control locations. During periods of high river flow when sandbars and shoreline areas are inundated, the thermal effluent from Cooper Nuclear Station mixes rapidly and temperature increases are negligible. Considering these conditions and the lack of a diverse macrophyte population, the thermal effluent is not expected to_ stimulate or inhibit the growth of rooted vegetation downstream from the Station.
.4,4.1.5 Macroinvertebrates The paucity of'macroinvartebrates in bottom sediments of the secured navigation channel of the Missouri River near Cc-pcr Nuclear Station has been discussed in Berner (1951), Industrial BIO-TES; Laboratories, Inc.
(1969,'1971,-1972), Morris et al. (1968) and the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (1973). However, substantial aufwuchs and benthic communities have developed on and around the wing dikes, trail dikes and other navigational structures
- maintained by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers along both banks of the river (Andersen 1975; Andersen and Reetz 1975; Ballentine et al.1970; Berner 1951; 4.0-100
CNS - 316a L b Bugbec 1972, Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1973; Morris et al. 1968; Munger et al. 1974; Nord and Schmulbach 1973). In the chanielized river, macroinvertebrate production is primarily confined to the thin bands along either bank where solid substrates of the channelization structures and accumulations of soft m"ddy sediments provide suitable habitats for coloni-zation. The macroinvet- '> rate fauna is directly dependent upon conditions within these narrow band of suitable habitats and only indirectly on coaditions in the mainstream of the river. Temperature data collected during pre- and postoperational studies indicate that significant elevations of temperature did not occur along shoreline structures. Ryan temperature data (15-day averages computed twice monthly) f rom instruments placed or wing dikes and trail dikes showed a natural variation of 2 C (3.6 F) between RM 534 and RM 526 during June-October 1972 and 1973 (Figures 4.4-9 and 4.4-20). T e mp eratures taken f rom May through August 1974 when the Station was operating were also within this 2 C (3.6 F) variation (Figure 4. 4-11) . Ranges widened durieg September and October 1974, but temperatures at RM 530 and RM 528 were higher than directly below the discharge at RM 532. These data indicate that the he ated plume probably does not make contact with the sboreline structures for extended periods of time. High AT's were not evident downstream of the Station because of the mixing capacity of the Missouri River. Thermal plume studie s indicate that 70% of the excess heat is dissipated within 12 min to 2 bra depending on flow conditions (Section 4.2.10). When macroinvertebrates were sampled during 1974, the 5 F isotherm extended a maximum of 950 f t downstream (Lovern 1975) so under ncrmal flow conditions the temperature elevations at the edge of the mixing zone (7500 ft) should be within the ambient variation recorded by the lll Ryan recorders. Considerable data on the aufwuchs and benthic macroinvertebrates from the Nebraska side of the river upstream and downstream of Cooper Nuclear Station have been gathered since 1972 which provide insight into two years of preoperational and one year of operational conditions (Andersen 1975; Andersen and Reetz 1975; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1973). Annual totals of reported taxa in the aufwuchu have increased from 103 taxa in 1972 to 121 taxa in 1973 and 129 taxa in 1974 (Table 4.4-29) . These increases are generally indicative of advancements in taxonomic proficiency rather than appreciabic changes in the aufwuchs community. The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks followed by a multiple comparison procedure was perforced each sampling period during 1973 and 1974 on abundances of selected common taxa and total abundances to test for dif ferences between locations. Significant differences (p < 0.05) occurred in 7 of 137 situations tested in 1973 ( Andersen and Reetz 1975) and 11 of 272 situations tested in 1974 (Andersen 1975). Ten of the differences during 1974 were between RM 534 and RM 528 where abundances at RM 528 were greater for nine specific taxa and for total organisms collected (Table 4.4-30). Munger et al. (1974) reported increases in abundances of similar taxa when samplers were placed along revetment faces where exposure to current was greater and more consistent. Coutant (1962) found increased abundances of l 4.0-101
k ~ CNS - 316a 6 b O Mydropsyche- downstream from a power plant on the Delaware River and reported that the heated water appeared to have some direct or indirect effect on this taxon at a distance of one mile from the discharge. The results of studies on the White River in Indiana by Proffitt and Benda (1971) also indicate that.hydropsychid populations were larger in areas of thermal influence. Temperature at RM 528 periodically exceeded the ambient du ring the summer of 1974 (Figure 4.4-11); however, the increaser, were minimal and generally within the natural 2 C variation. The influences of increased currents and temperatures at RM 528 presently cannot be separated: however, the combined effects were not indicative of a detrimental impact upon the aufvuchs- community of the Missouri River. Aufvucha ruacroinvertebrate assemblages sampled were mathenatically expressed as diversity indices (d) calcalated from the equation proposed by i Shannon (1948) as modified by Wilhm a..d Dorris (1968). The most prominent incrense in diversity from 1973 to 1974 was observed in June at RM 532, whereas decreases were recorded in August at RM 534, RM 528 and RM 526 and in October at RM 534 and RM 528 (Table 4.4-31). The increase in June at RM 532 was probably caused by a change in the placement of substrates to positions along the face of a reverment (Munger et al. 1974). Reductions of diversity _ values in August and October reflect a reduction of community stability caused by high population densities of taxa such as Dugesia, Caenis, several of the Hydropsychidae, and Rheotanytarsus. The simultaneous occurrence of these _ reductions in diversity values both upstream and downstream of the
.O Cooper Nuclear Station precludes any implication of Station operation.
Sediments behind wing dikes were examined for benthic macro-invertebrates upstream of the Station (RM 534), within the mixir.g zone (RM 532) and downstream at RM 530, 528 and 526. Tubtficidae (worms) and Chironomidae (midges) numerically dominated the benthic macroinvertebrate community ; upstream and downstream of the Station during 1974 as they had in preoperational studies (Andersen 1975; indersen and Reetz 1975; Industrial B10-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973). The annual total of reported benthic taxa wrs larger in 1974 than in previous years- (Table 4.4-29) . The benthic densities were also greater during 1974 than in previous years, particularly populations of Tubificidae and Chironomidae (Table 4.4-32). These increases in number of taxa and densities demonstrate the positive influences which were afforded to the benthic
. populations by the Jow and stable river flow during 1974 (Figure 4.4-3).
-Proffitt and Benda (1971) reported similar responses of benthic populations to varied water levels in the White River near Petersburg, Indiana.
Densities of numerically important benthic taxa were s:stistica13y tested by methods similar to the aufwuchs treatments. No significant differences (P 1 0.05) were found in 1973 data and only 6 of the 140 situations tested in 1974 were significant. The mathematical expressions of benthic community structure, diversity indices (H), increased in 7 of 10 comparisons between 1973 and 1974 values (Tabic 4.4-33). These dif ferences in densi ties and O diversities between 1973 and 1974 benthic data were probably due to natural variations in substrate texture and chemical content which were manifestations 4.0-102
CNS - 316a 6 b of the stability of river flow during 1974 (Figure 4.4r3) and not to the O operation of Cooper Nuclear Station (Andersen 1975). Ite effect of entrainment through cooling condensers on macro-invertebrates is a composite of chemical, mechanical and thermal stresses applied through the duration of the entrainment. The impact of entrainment of organisms on the receiving water is influenced further by the amount of teceiving water actually entrained. The Missouri River flow near Cooper Nuclear Station had a 7-day once-in-10-year maximum flow of 120,914 cfs, 7-day once-in-10-year minimum flow of 9571 cfs and mean of 40175 cfs based on U.S.G.S. data from Nebraska City, Nebraska, from 1965 through 1974 (Table 4.2-1). The Statica has the capacity to entrain 1.2 to 15.1% of the total river flow and to raise the temperature of the entrained water approximately 10 C (18 F) 'ander normal operating conditions. Sinilar conditions existed at Fort Calhoun Station upstream of Cooper Nuclear Station. Entrainment studies at thia facility have shown a 0.2% mortality of the total drif ting macroinvertebrate assemblage of the river at that point assuming homogeneous distribution of organisms in the water column (Carter 1974, 1975). Although macroinvertebrate entrainment studies have not been conducted at Cooper Nuclear Station, the impact of entrainment on macroinvertebrates would be negligible based on the low mortalities observed at Fort Calhoun Station and the small percentage of water used (Carter 1974, 1975). Several taxa that inhabit the river near Cooper Nuclear Station have been reported as nuisances in other areas (Table 4.4-34). However, the h extreme variabiltiy in flow (Figure 4.4-3) which is normal to the channelized Missouri River should continue to prevent any macroinvertebrate nuisance problems from developing. Taxa encountered in the Missouri River which have been reported elsewhere as heat tolerant taxa include Branchiuria sowerby1 (Aston 1968), Limnodrilua hoffmeisteri (Aston 1973), and Glyptotendipes (Proffitt 1969; Proffitt and Benda 1971). No major changes in the abundance of distribution 6f these taxa ave anticipated cutside the Station's discharge canal because sufficiera quantities of suitable habitat are not available. Prevention of the successful completion of life cycles has been reported for several specific taxa (Table 4.4-34) due to increases in the winter thermal regime resulting in altered emergence patterns or inviabic life stages (Britt 1962; Lehmkuhl 1972; Nebecker 1971). However, none of these species or closely related species are major components of the indigenous community in the vicinity c Cooper Nuclear Station, and the effect, if l demonstrated at all, would be confined to a snail portion of the allowabic l mixing zone and would not result in any substantial reduction of community heterogeneity in the Missouri River. The controlling influences associated with river flow have continued to determine the character of the benthic and aufwuchs communities l near Cooper Nuclear Station. The addition of heat to the Missouri River f rom Station operation has not had an appreciable ef f ect upon the macro-invertebrate populations sampled downstream of the discharge. 4.0-103
t i CNS - 316a 6 b I O 4.4.1.6 Fish 4.4.1.6.1 General Description of Existing Community , closure of main stem reservoirs combined with the severe channelization of the Hirouri River has drastically reduced fish species i diversity and degraded the Missouri River in genet al since the early 1900's. l The loss of surface area and fish habitat (sloughs, chutes and snags) ; cupplemented by increased current velocities, fluctuating water levels, s11tation, and a scoured bottom with a shifting substrata collectively l account for the deteriorated fishery in the Missouri River (Gould and , Schmulbach 1973; Funk and Robinson 1974). Bennett (1971) stated that when i fish populations appear to be static, reproduction and environmental demands , are balanced; however, only a slight change in either reproduction or
-environmental demands may cause a sp. :c to be eliminated or to overpopulate a habitat. . Over .xploitation of sp. . 4 ed commercial fish species, lake aturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), paddlefish (Polydon g Sthula) and flathead
~
catfish (Pyvydictis olivaris), during tie early 1900's contributed to the decline of the hissouri River fishery (Funk and Robinson 1974). Recently, extensive investigations have well-documented the adverse ef f ects of stream channelization upon sport and/or commercial fisheries (Funk _and Ruhr 1971; Hansen 1971; Congdon 1971; Gould and Schmulbach 1973; Funk and Robinson 1974). Thorough fishery studies have been conducted within the vicinity : O of Cooper Nuclear Station since 1970 (Morris 1971; Stuckey 1972; Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1971, 1972, 1973; Patulski 1975a, 197$b; ; Szmania and Johnson 1975a; Bazata 1975). During this period, July 1970-July 1975,-57 species of fish have been collected from the Missouri River in ths vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station (Tabic 4.4-35). Scientific and common [ names of all seccies reported follow I>ailey (1970). Only common names will be used.throughout the remainder of.this report. Wing dams and trail dikes have been const*.ucted along both t siden of-the river in the vicinity of the Station. Immediately behind these structures shallow water habitats exist that provide a refuge for various-fish species.- Six sampling locations have been utilized for collecting adult and juvenile fich-near. Cooper Nuclear Station (Figure ~4.4-12). Each locatson covers approximately 0.5 miles or shoreline and was comprised of five channel improvement structures- (wing dams and/or trail- dikes) . Sampling locations of
- sitiler. habitat type were selected upstream and downstream from the Station.-
Minor differences in habitat ar ag locations were due to differences in tho < type or condition of channel improvement structures. Larval fish sampling locations are shown in Figure 4.4-12. Fish sampling techniques employed at Cooper Nuclear Station were , designed to yield the most representative sample under conditions encountered . within the study area. Under other habitat conditions, such as pools or lakes, t sampling devices such as trawls and variable mesh gill nets probably would yield collection data that may be more directly useful to statistical comparison; however, such devices are not practical in the Missouri River in the_ vicinity of the Station. 4.0-104
,,m---,e-,p.r,, , , _ , , ,,,wy- ,,,,w.n-,-vn-. m,,~,,,.. ,,-.,c.,,,,,,ye,~,,,..r my y ,. y y y 9e--,,.,..,~,y.77. , - - . . . , - - ~mm.#,..,.-,_y,_, ,m,w---,ww--
l l l CNS - 316a & b The devices employed in the studies are somewhat selective in regard to the environment which they may be successfully used, and they may affect the distribution and behavior of fish in the sampling locations for a limited period of time. These considerations are addressed in each technique l which follows: i Electroshocking Electroshocking is the most succ:ssful fish sampling technique One of the principal in terms of numbers of species collected witain the study area. fish can be return 9d, in good condition, advantages of this technique is that prerec,uisite to the same location f rom which they were collected, an important in tagging and recapture studies. It also permits thestomach co11cetion of accurate contents are in live weight and length tneasurements and insureu that optimum condition for stomach sample analysis. Success of fish shocking is related directly to water temperature and conductivity. Although conductivity is not an important variable within Thus, the study area, water temperatures exhibit marked seasonal fluctuations. if the results are to be compared, the comparisons must be made when water temperatures are similar. The wide range of river levels encountered also af fects the success of electroshocking. Since significant changes in river level and flow rate result in changes in the distribution of fishes, fish may be displaced from their customary habitat and be unavailable to collection even though water llf temperatures umy be ideal tor shocking. Ever," ef f ort was made to standardize electroshocking collections (use of the same kind of shocker, the same collectors, and che same timeand unit of effort). This does not, however, totally overcane the built-in bian selectivity that are inherent both in the mechanical devicethat and in the operator. some fish mr. One additional, but very important limitation, is the f act Because of the turbid water, fish sink after being stunned by electricity. and must float near the surface to be seen The for collection with a tendency for fish to float or sinkdip net, sinking fish will rarely be collected. also with when stunned varien not only with environmental conditions but species and size. Fish quickly develop an " avoidance" reaction to electroshocking once the boat has operated within sensing distance. This avoidance behavior may be retained for several days and limi.s the possibility of making successful short-term replicate collections within the same collection location. show that fish collected by The data presented within this report electroshocking represent nearly all of the 57 species which have been taken during the studies. Seining locations with a firm, unobstructe Scining was confined to shallow water areas at 4.0-105
i CNS - 316a & b < O bottom. Seining is the best device for collecting young or small fish in the littoral zone however, due to habitat limitations it in selective. Quantitative comparisons of seite haul collections are of little use, even though the ef fort is kept unifonn. The primary purposes of setning are to provide an indication of reproductive unretsn of certain species and to determine species composition of the forage ilah population. Cenc ral,, Sampling during periods of high river flow van less ef fective than during low river flow consequently, total catch rates were consistently reduced at all locations when flows were high. Distribution of fish taxa and numbers both upstream and downstream of the Cooper Nuclear Station appeared to be 1.rimar11y influenced by the river flow, ocason and habitat variationr.. In general, species diversity of fish among locations upstream and downstream f rom the Station was similar during
- preoperationel and operational sampling periods. Although certain species >
were consistently more abundant either upstream or downst + cam of the Station, these differences were consistent prior to and during St; ion operation and were not attributable to Station operation. However, the discharge canal i periodically had greater numbers of fish (primarily gizzard shad, carp and carpauckers) than the other sampling locations this will be discussed in O Section 4.4.1.6,3. Total catch raten vere generally higher during the spring and f all sampling periods. To date operation cf the discharge canal and related ! increased temperaturca have not af fected fish migration within the river (ses Section 4.4.1.6.4), 4.4.1.6.2 Species Composition and Abundance The seasonal abundance and overall occurrence of all specica collected within the-study area (July 1970 - July 1975) are given in Table , 4.4 - 36. The abundance of. fish species listed in a 1972-1973 inventory (Gould and Schmulbach 1973) by general habitat type in the channelized portion of the upper Missouri River agrees with the data in Table 4.4-36. 1 The status of fish species in Nebraska,whose existence in threatened,has been documented by Miller (1972) ond Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (1973). Schafnost (1975) commented on Miller's list and made recommendations for alterations based upon mort recent surynys. Schainost recommended that certain species should be treclassiflod under one of the following designations: rare, endangered or threatened. None of the species that are classifici rare, endangered or threatened in the State of~ Nebraska , by Miller (1972), Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (1973). -and Schatnost (1975)'have been callected near Cooper Nuclear Station. - Four species of fish have been collected near the Station that are classif f ed raro by -the State of Missouri.(Hiller 1972). These species include brown bullhead, burbot, plains killifish and pumpkinseed, which are also considered rare according to recent surveys (Table 4.4-36). In addition, the Nebraska Department of 4.0-106
- 7f 9' gugr*usurw"W ag g' Mygg w Wy eirq- wW -W =$say-wwW--g g wwq=' '
gew %vig wv*iq we e m aW'crwg e Ww*T**p-W'&MT9W+-E'W&t'1'MWW WWdr-1"^e*T*WWWW4""W-'
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w. l CNS - 316a & b Environmental Control (NDEC) in a letter from Mr. Dennis 1.essig, Chief o; b'ater Pollution Cont rol Division, dated 4 February 1975, r ecommended 12 important species of fish be given special attention in reference to an earlier report (Table 4.4-36). Mr. Robert Todd (NDEC) reconfirmed the ; samo list of 12 species on 11 September 19 75 (personal communi cation) . Although shovelnose sturgeon, one of the species included in the above list, are probably present in the main channel habitat (Gould and Schmulbach 1975), j no adult sturgeon have been collected to date; however, one larva has been taken (G. Cada, unpublished data). 4.4.1.6.3 Results of Specif ic Sattpling lechniques physical Characteristics Location 532N (Figure 4.4-12) is the sampling location directly under the , influence of the thermal plume. This area generally has a low A1 because of 1 the rapid mixing capacity of the Missouri River. Predicted l's at the edge of the mixing zone (7500 ft) are 4.2 F during periods of average flow and 9.4 F during low flow (Section 4.2.12). hocation $32N lies within this 7500 ft mixing zone. During fish collections,6T's measured at the mouth of the discharge canal ranged from 4.9 C (8.8 F) to 8.9 C (16.0 F). Differential temperatures measured at Location 530N ranged frem 0.0 to 1 C (1.8 F) (Table 4.4-37). Station operation during thest same pe riods ranged f rom 26.5 to 81.7% turbine capacity (Table 4.4-38). River flew during the operat ional period of the St ation (July 1974 - July 1975) was normal during July - November 1974 and above normal h during June and July 1975 ranging from 41500 to 72600 cfs (U. S. Depart ment of the Interior 1975). Electroshocking Cizzard shad, carp, river carpsucker and goldeye have been the predominnnt species collected in terms of numbe rs and biomass (Industrial B10-TEST, Inc. 1971, 1972, 1973; patulski 1975a; Szmania and Johnean 1975a). Morris (1971) and Stuckey (1972) have found similar results near the Cooper Nuclear Station with gizzard shad, carp and river carpsucker collectively comprising 84 and 59% of the total catch in 1971 and 1972, respectively. These species also were predominant at the Fort Calhoun Nuclear Station prior to (Morris 1971; Stuckey 1972) and af ter Station operation kaania and patulski 1974; Szraania and Johnson 1975b). Sport fishes st.ch as channel cat fish, bluegill, largemouth bass, white and black crappie, sauger and f reshwater drum were also common. The number of river carpsu.kers collected in 1974 was substantially less than in 1973; however, the number of river carpsuckers collec ted f rom May through July 1975 indicates abundances similar to 1073 (Table 4.4-39). Numbers of other major species were similar during 1973 and 1974, and preliminary data collected in 197b indicate that no dramatic changes have occurred, although fewer numbers were co11ccred in 1975 which was attributed to high river flows. Comparable lists of predo,ninant species have been reported from other areas of the channelized river by Gould and Schmulbach (1973), Hey and Baldwin 4.0-107
CNS - 316a 6 b O (1974), Szmania and Patulski (1974), and Szmania and Johnson (1975b); although, the relative abundance of sport species has generally been greater in the present study area than in other port ions of the channelized river. This is probably due to the presence of more favorable habitats in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station. Seasonally, total catchea were largest in the spring and f all; however, species composition has been similar among sampling periods (Szmania and Johnson 1975a). The seasonal abundance of gizzard shad, carp and river carpsucker was cimilar although gizzard shad were most numerous in August when the vulnerability, of young-of-the-yea r Individuals to electro-shocking is greatest. Goldeye have also been taken in large numbers during the spring and fall months, while "ver 50% of the channel catfish and freshwater drum collected have b taken in the late fall months (Industrin1 Illo-TEST Laboratories. Inc. 1971, 1972, 1973; Patulski 1975a; Szmania and Johnson 1975a). Comparisons of total catch of individuals, number of species and species diversity among sampling locations f or both preoperational and operational studies are presented in Figure 4.4-13. Total catch and species diversity have consistently been highcr at Location 532N (zone of thermal influence) prior to and during Station operation, indicating that operation of the Station has had little effect, if any, on the stability of the fish community within the area of direct thermal influence. Total catch decreased in 1974 from 1973 at all locations except Location 534N. Total numbers of O fish and species for 1975 are shown in Figure 4.4-13. The 1975 data are not directly comparable to the previous years because 1975 data are inclusive only through July. The 1975 species diversity indices (Figure 4.4-13), although not directly comparable to 1973-1974, were consistently high (> 1.85) at all locations except 534N and 530N. C. R. Wallace, Nebraska Game and parks Commission, Lincoln, Nebraska (perwual communicat ion) compared species diversit y indices of fish upstream and downstream from Cooper Nuclear Station prior to and during operation of the Station. He found higher diversity indices occurred initially at all locations in 1974 indicating no appreciable harm to the fishery in terms of numbers of species and total number of fish collected. In Figure 4.4-14, Location 2 (f rom mouth of discharge dwns tream 0.25 mile) and Location 3 (f rom 0.25 mile below di; charge to 0.5 mile downstream) at e those which represent areas of thermal influence from the Station wirb Location 2, 3 representing pooled data f rom Locations 2 and 3. The most common species of fish collected by electroshocking, including gizzard shad, carp, river carpsucker, channel catfish, bluegill, largemouth bass, white and black crapple and sauger, have been observed in greater numbers at Location 532N than at other locations (patulski 1975a; Szmania and Johnson 1975a). This same trend was also evident from May through July 1975 (Tabic 4.4-39). Other investigators (McNeely and Pearson 1974; Neill and Magnuson 1974) found river carpsucker, carp and longnose gar to be attracted to heated effluents when preferred optimum temperatures were reached. llowever, when temperatures exceeded optimum preferences, these species were absent in the heated effluent area. Since the Station began operation, no species of fish have been eliminated nor have any t ended te void the thermal effluent at Locations 532N and 530N. 4.0-108
l l l CSS - 316a 6 b Spatial distribution of the more common fish species was similar from 1973 through 1975 (patuiski 1975a; Sztunia and Johnson 1975a), except during f all 1974 when 87% of the total channel catiish cat ch was taken f rom September through November. Over 707, of the channel eatfIsh collected during this period were caught at Location 532N. Since channel catfish were not collected in similar numbers at other locat ions and no other species of fish exhibited a marked increase in numbers at location $32N, t his occurrence (Szmania suggests channel catfish were attracted to the boated discharge area and Johnson 1975a), llowever, no adverse effects to the channel catfish were observed during any subsequent collections. Nc!11 and Magnuson (1974) found certain species in studying a heated outf all in Lake Monona in Wisconsin that of fish congregate in the outfall area when preferred optimum temperatures of that species were reached, and ambient temperatures vert below optimum. They also reported that in the outf all area, nonthermal f eatures (abundant f ood, s trong currents, concentrated predators) may modif y behavioral responses; however, these features vould not overr.de the behavioral thermoregulation factor which initially stimulated the fish. Whitaker et al. (1973) found increased numbers of fish in heated water during colder periods and decreased numbers during hotter periods, proffitt (1969), Drew and Tilton (1970) and Merriman (1971) found catfishes (primarily channel catiish) were attracted to heated ef fluents during cooler periods of th< year when optimum preff erred They also ound temperatures were maintained in the heated effluent canals. the strong current provided by condenser discharge was f avorable to channel catfish. In general, data f rom electroshocking collections suggest heated waters f rom the discharge canal do not adversely af fect that the fish diversity h and distribution near the Station. In most cases where chances in abundance of a given fish species occurred downstream from the Station, similar variations were also evident upstream, indicating that the variations In addition, differences were due to natural causes and not the result of temperature increases. between numbers and species of fish collected at locntions upstream compared to those downstream of the Station were frequently unrelated to temperature changes, but more to availr.ble habitat type which is directly dependent upon river level and associated current velocity. Scining From May 1973 through July 1975, 35 species of fish were collected by shoreline seining within the study area. In addition, seven species of fish collected in quarterly surveys (Industrial B10-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1971,1972) have These species include the shortnose not been collected by seining since 1972. gar, northern pi'Kc, suckermouth minnow, creek chub, quillback, golden redhorse and the plains killifIsh. These species were never collected in large nambers The shortnose gar and northern pike and were classifled as rare in abundance. have been collected by electroshocking in recent studies. Although the numbers of fish and species collected by seining at each location have varied between years, the abundance of fish collected at each location has been similar. Members of the genus, ILvb,arn a t hu s (silvery g minnow - western silvery minnow - plains minnow group) have predominated the W catch during all studies. The silver chub, emerald shiner, river shiner, red 4.0-109
t 1 CNS - 316a & b O ! shiner and sand shiner have also been common species in seine samples during all studies. From May through July 1975, the emerald shiner, river shiner. , red shiner, plains minnow and sand shiner were the predominant species coliceted ' (Table 4.4-40). The relatively low numbers of fish collected by seining during , May - July 1975 were the direct result of high water conditions, wherein ' normal seining habitats vete nonexistent as the wing dams and trail dikes were inundated. Minnow species were apparently displaced from their preferred ; uabitat (behind wing dams) and were not available f or collections during i 1975. . 4 l Szmania and Johnson (1975a) found that_ total catches were largest in May and August when members of the genus flybognathus were most numerous, J with shiners dominating. the co11cetions f rom August through November. patuiski ' (1975a) found flybornathus was the dominant specien during all samp11nt periods ' except in June when the sand shiner was most abundant. During 1973 liybornathus was again the most abundant species in May and July, the emerald shiner in September and the river shiner in November (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc. 1973). ! Young-of-the-year (YOY) commercial and forage fish species collected have been predominated by river carpsucker and gizzard shad with river carpsucker representing up to 22% of the total catch in May 1970 and gizzard shad representing up to 13% of - the total catch in 1971 (Inf.ustrial " O ato-'tst t der terie 1 c 1971. 1972)- 18e =#mser er 81== ra 8 a #4 rive. carpsucker have been highly variable f rom year-to-year and generally have comprised less than 5% of the total catch on an annual basis. Young-of-the-year .t channel catfish, white bass, centrarchids, sauger, walleye and drum collectively comprised less than 5% of the total annual catch during 1970-1974 (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1971. 1972, 1973; patuiski 1975a; Semania and 1 Johnson 1975a). These data indicate that (1) spawning and nursery areas are lacking for these species within the vicinity of the Station, (2) competition , with commercial fish species is high, or _ (3) that predation upon larvae and YOY sport fish species within tbc limited spawning area is intense. Any of the above factors, solely or_ in coubination, could limit the population size of the sport fish species inhabiting the Missouri River _near the Station. Bennett (1971) reported that reproduction is subject to the end results of (1) inter- and intraspecific competition for parts of habitats that may be in limited supply, and (2) predation between closely associated and interrelated forms. lie suggested that these interreintionships are normal and necessary-to the yell being of the population and to its evolution to fit the aquatic habitats. Although numbers of fish collected by seining n,, ave been variable among locations, the_ numbers of species and species diversity indices show consistency f rom year-to-year within and among locations -(Figure 4.4-15). C. R. Wallace .(personal communication) compared species diversity indices between data upstream and downstream of Cooper Nuclear-Station in 1971 and
.1974- (Figure 4.4-16) . Although seasonal variations are evident, the indices appear similar in 1974 compared to 1971 above and below the Station. '
O-4.0-110
CSS - 316a 6 b O Species composition during May-July 1975 war consistent with past studies; however, the abundance of each species was lower than in previous years (Table 4.4-40). Species composition and abundance of f18h collected by seining at Location 532N have been similar during preoperational and operational studies. No species have been eliminated because of the thermal discharge. No appreciabic harm has occurred to the f erage fish group
- and YOY species below the Station.
, 4.4.1.6.4 Fish Movements (Tagging and Recapture Studien) Tagging of selected sport and commercial fish species was implemented in May 1974. Tagging studies were conducted to determine the pattern and extent of fish movement within the study area, and to ascertain whether fish were raoving through and/or around the temperature dif f erential - created by the thermal discharge. The number of fishes tagged and subsequently recaptured during 1974 and from May-July 1975 is summarized in Tables 4.4-41 and 4.4-42. In general, recapture rates of species tagged have been too low to actually define fish movements. The low recapture f requency of carp (387 t agged vn. 8 recaptured), however, does suggest thet either these fish diaperse rapidly from the study area, or their population number s are large. Mortality, recruitment and movement of fish f rom the sautpling area could be additional reasons for the small recapture ratio (Ricker 1971). llowever, from g recapture information available, species abundance and age class strength. W no additional mortalities resulting from Station operation have been observed (Tabic 4.4-43). Recapture rates .ere highest for Intgem. cath ba,u. and white crappie in 1974 (lable 4.4-41); even though, f ewer of these species were tagged than carp. These results are a function of the low population nire - of largemouth bass and white crappie within the study area and may indicate that these species remain within a localized habitat for an indefinite period of time. The results of a four year tagging and recapture study at the Quad-Cities Station on the Mississippi River by Latvaitis (1975) indicated that: (1) centrarchids (particularly bluegill and white crappie) show a general tendency to remain within tbc original sampling location and when movement did occur, it was less than 3 miles upstream, downstream or laterally across the river, (2) sauger and walleye exhibited a st rong tendency to migrate to the tailwatars of the upstream lock and dam (up to 50 miles in c,ne casn), and (3) channel catfish and shovelnose sturgeon were less prone to inhabit an exclusive location as none had been recaptured at their original relecse lo-cations. During a tagging study of shovcinose sturgeon in the Mississippi River, Helms (1972) found the maximum distance traveled was 13 miles from point of ori-ginal release, and that most recaptures were within five miles of the original release point. C. R. Wallace (personal communication) found during preoperational and operational tagging studies at Cooper Nuclear Station that 83% of the recaptured fish demonstrated little tendency to migrate from their original poinc of release (Tables 4.4-44 and 4.4-45) . Latvaitis (1975) concluded that the thermal effluent discharged from a twin-diffuser pipe system et the Quad-Cities Station, did not act as a thermal barrier to fish movenet.t s in the Mississippi River. The recapture studies shewed various fish species had 4.0-111
CNS - 316a 6 b O migrat ed upstream, do nst ream, across and/or around the diffuse
- pipe discharge during Station operation. Proffitt and henda (197.) also found thnt fish movement was not impaireo or altered because of a heated ef fluent during a mark and tecapture st udy in the White River in Indiana.
4.4.1.6.5 Leproductive Characteristics, Larval Fish Distribution and Condenser Passage Ef fects on Larval Fish 4.4.1.6.5.1 Reproductive Characteristics and Lif e Histories of Selected Fish Species The reproductive characteristics and preferred water temperatures for spawning of the most common sport and commercial fish species as recommended by the NUEC and collected within the study area are given in Appendix 4.4A, Tabic 4.4A-2. A discussion of the tesource value, commercial and sport catch data, reproduction, occurrence of larvae in the drift, age and growth and movement of individual species at e included in Appendix 4.4A. The food habits of the reconmended important species are illustrated in Appendix 4.4A, Figure 4.4A~1. Major food items consumed by fish during 1973 and 1974 were similar by volume and composition. Availability of fish food organisms was geners11y the teason for the differences observed, s 4.4.1.6.5.2 Fish Larvae Composition, Abundance and Distribution O Cooper Nuclear Station operating data and associated water temperatures encountered durina May - July 1975 are tabulated in Table 4.4-38. _ Eimilar data for the 1974 larval fish study during Station operation have been described by patuiski (1975b). Cooper Nuclear Station was operating between 26.5 and 81.7% turbine capacity during specific fish larval sampling dates (Table 4.4-38) . Differ-ential temperaturet ranged f rom 5.8 t o 8.3 C (10.4 to 14.0 F) at the discharge N canal, while the A1 at Location 3 ranged f rom 0.5 to 1.6 C (0.9 to 2.9 F). The intake and Location 2 (Figure 4.4-12) were sampled to rharacterize the lateral distribution, abundance and spectes composition of la" val fish between the Nebraska and Missouri shores. Sirilar peak larval fish densities were recorded on 27 June and 1 July 1975 (108.6/100 m 3 and 125.6/100 m 3
, respectively)(Table 4.4-38) . Patulski (1975a, 1975b) recerded peak densities of 59.4/100 m3 on 17 June 1974 and 328/100 m3 on 26 June 1973. J. Cada, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska (personal communication) found the density of larval fish peaked on 14 June in 1974 and on 8 July in 1975. Larval fish dennities at each location declined in August 1975 to levels similar to those observed in May 1975, suggesting that the period of larval drif t in this reach of the Missouri River was neatly con.p le t ed . patulski (1975a, 1975b) and G. Cada (personal communication) also reported that the larval drif t period begins in early May and continues into early August. Larvae of goldeye, Catostomids (primarily white sucker) and 0; sauger-walleye were co11ceted duritg May 1975 at the intake and Location 2 (Tabic 4.4-46). Similar taxonomic groups and species were reported by G. Cada (perscaal communication). Cyprinidae (carp and minnows) and Cat ostomidae 4.0-112
CNS - 316a & b O (carpsuckers) were the dominant larvae f rorn early July to August 1975 l (Table 4.4-46). G. Cada (personal communication) found similar results near l Cooper Nuclear Station during 1975; however, his sattpling was terminated after 8 July due to high water levels. Similar observations of species composition and abundance were reported f or 1973 and 1974 (patulski 1975a, 1975b) and ) during 1974 by G. Cada (personal communication). A comparison of the larval fich taxa collected from 1973-1975 indicates the similarity in species composition and abundance at both the intake and Location 2 (Table 4.4-47). Cyprintuae (ca rp, No t ropp sp. ) , Catestomidae and freshwater drum had the highest tucan densities during all three years. Co11retively Cyprinidae, Catostomidae and ireshwater drum comprised 88.1, 94.5 and 91.9% of the total catch at the intake during 1973, 1974 and 1975, respectively (Table 4.4+47). The same three groupe represented 90.3, 94.6 and 79 4 of the total catch in 1973, 1974 and 1975, respectively, at Location 2 (Table 4.4-4 7) . Sport fish such as channel catfish, flathead catfish, white bass, bluegill, largemouth bass, crapples and sauger have not been a major component of the drif t during any year (1973-1975). These species are not expected to represent a rnajor f raction of the larval drift in the future because of their unique spawning characteristics, 4.4.1.6.5.3 Condenser passage Effects on Larval Fish Larval fish mortalities at the discharge, when compared t o observed mortalitics at the intake (differential mortality), ranged from 3.2 to 13.4% during the 1975 study (Table 4.4-48). On two occasions, larval fish tuortalities were greater at the intake location. Chi-square analysen showed no significantly lower (p 1 0.05) mortalities at the discharge in comparison to the intake; however, on 5 June, a significantly higher (P 10.05) mortality was found in the intake (Table 4.4-48). On 27 June, when larval fish mortalities in the discharge were 98.5%, mort alities in the intake were niso high (95.3%), and on 15 July mortalities were higher in the intake than in the discharge (72.5 vs. 58.5%). nese results suggest that high natural mortalities within the Missouri River system are not uncommon. The additional larval fish mortality resulting f rom condenser passage appears to be minimal in relation to high natural losses, particularly because the predominant entrained larval fish are carp and carpsuckers, which are inherently prolific spawners, patuiski (1975b) found no significant differences (p 1 0.05) in larval fish mortalities between the intake and discharge at Coaper Nuclear Station in 1974. Entrainment data collected from the Fort Calhoun Station also indicated no significant larval fish mortalities an a rerult of condenser passage (patulski 1975c; G. Cada, personal communication). G. Cada (personal communication) founJ sicnificantly higher raortalities (p i 0.05) at the Cooper Nucleat Station in the intale on 11 June 1974 and significant]v higher mortalities at the discharge on 16 July 1974, while on 27 July no significant differences (p _ O.05) were detected Mable 4.4-49). Durinc 1975 he iound similar g results as in 1974 with significantly higher mortalities (p i 0.05) l 4.0-113 l l
CNS - 316a 6 b O occurring at the intake on 10 June 1975, and at the discharge on 20 May and 8 July 1975 with no significant dif ferences (p 10.05) on 17 June 1975 (Table 4.4-49). Direct mortality of entrained larvae f rom thermal shock is probably highest during warmer menths (Coutant 1971). At this time, temperatures in the condensors are most likely to reach lethal levels for some species. Although fish larvae were exposed to temperatures as high as 1 35.4 and 35.7 C in 1974 and 1975, respectively, no significant mortalities ! (p t 0.05) were recorded. G. Cada (personal communication) reported during ' 1974_significant larval fish mortalities (p 1 0.05) due to condenser passage when the discharge temperatures reached 36.5 C and no significant mortalities - (p 1 0.05) at lower temperatures. Death of fish larvac at temperatures above , the upper incipient lethal level is a function _ of exposure as well as temperature (Coutant 1971). Fish larvae that passed through the condensers ! of Cooper Nuclear Station experienced an exposure time of approximately 5
- minutes before re-entering the Missouri River.
Fish larvae exposed to condenser passage as well as larvae -
- drif ting past the Station on the -Nebraska side of the river are subject to -
the full extent of the thermal plume. Morta11 ties of larval fish in the plume (Location 3) 1a. the intake were not significantly dif ferent on any sampling date and were actually lower on two occasions in 1974 (patulski 1975b). G, Cada (personal communication) found on 3 July 1974 and 8 July 1975 significantly higher mortalities (p 10.05) at the intake vs. hocation 3 (Table 4.4-50). During 1975, morta11 tics of larval fish were higher at the intake than at Location 3 on all but one sampling date (1 July) (Tabic 4.4-51), suggesting little effect from downstream passage of larval fish through the plume. Morta11 ties were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on 1 July at Location 31 however, on 5 June significantly higher mortalities (P < 0.05) were recorded at the intake (Table 4.4-51). The above results suggest no appreciable-harmful effects on larval fish due to downstream passage through the plume. Restaino- et- a1. (1973) also found no significant increase in mortalities (p y,0.05) of larval fish-in the Mississippi River passing through a thermal plume with AT's of 1.1 C (1.9 F). 4.4.1.6.6 Fish Impingement (Entrapment) The impingement study was undertaken to determine the weight, l _ size, number and species of fish impinged on the traveling intake screens at 1 -Cooper Nuclear Station,and subsequently to evaluate the effects of impingement
- on the fishery in the Missouri River near the Station. -4 l
Samples of fish-entrapped by the Station intake structure were collected in'accordance with the Environmental Technical Specifications
-(Nebraska Public Power District 1974) f rom 15 March to 31 December 1974 and from January - July 1975. A one-hour sample was taken five days per week at random times including nocturnal perio s. d Nebraska Public power _ District personnel collected the samples and compiled the raw data, which included identification of species, number, weight (g), length (mm) and physical-condition of the fish entrapped. ,
4.0-114 F l
CNS - 316a 6 b At maximum intake flow, f our circulating pumps operating, the 4 pumphouse draws in 1450 cfs of water. The water velocity at the face of the intake screen is about 2.5 fps at low river levels ((11000 cfo) and at normal river flows (=32000 cfs), the velocity of t he water at the intake screeas is about 1. 3 f ps (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission 1973). Cooling water erters the intake structure f rom the main channel of the river through an outer trash rack with 2.5 in (6.5 cm) openings. k'ithin the pumphouse, debris is removed by a series of traveling screens having 3/8 in (1 cm) mesh openings which are pressure washed into a common trough. Fish collected during the entrapment studies were either pressure washed into the trough or fell onto a catwalk immediately in f ront of t he traveling screens. A guidewall, designed to reduce the amount of sediment taken into the Station, was under construction during the spring and early summer months of 1974 and was completed on 2 August 1974. During the construction period, currents around the wall may have f orced highar numbers of fish into the intake st ructure area, thus the data collected during the canstruction period may be biased. A fish discharge pipe was inntalled in the pumphouse to carry fish back to the river during construction of the guidewall and was completed on 27 June 1974. Be f o re the fish discharge pipe was installed, a portion of the traveling screen wash was recycled due to the water current created around the guidewall. The fish discharge pipe diverted fish and debris further downstream and eliminated the recycling problem. lll Results of counts, weights and percent of total catch collected f rom the traveling screens from January-July 1975 are presented in Table 4.4-52. A total of 419 fish was collected through July 1975. Twe n t y-three taxa including 21 species were identified during 92 one-hour sampling periods. Total numbers of fish and taxa that were collected varied daily. River carpsucker represented 37.7% of the total numerical catch, gizzard shad 21.5%, f reshwater drum 9.3%, carp 7.2% and Cyprinidae 6% (Table 4.4-52). Sport fish comprised 9.8% of the total numerical catch. River carpsucker repicsented 23.8% of the total cctch by weight, f reshwate r drum 16.5%, gizzard shad 14.7* and carp 14.3%; collectively, these species accounted for 19405 g (42.7 lb) of the total 28000 g (61.7 lb). Barata (1975) found the most abundant species impinged were gizzard shad, freshwater drum and river carpsucker in order of decreasing abundance. Seasonally, the spring months (April and May) have accounted for the greatest numbers of fish and largest weights of which carp, river carpsucker and freshwater drum were the predominant species impinged. Table 4.4-53 summarizes the mean lengths and weights of all species impinged f rom January-July 1975. The mean lengths of the predominant species impinged indicate that the majority of these species were Age Group I or II fish (Carlander 1969). O 4.0-115
CNS - 316a & b l l The numbers of fish impinged during diurnal and nocturnal ) sampling periods in 1975 cre summarized in Table 4.4-54. Fish species j impinged during diurnal hours (0700-1900) ranged from 0 to 5.6 fish per hour and averaged 2.8 fish per hour (Tabic 4.4-54). Nocturnal (1900-0700) ; , fish counts ranged from 0 to 20.6 fish per hour and averaged 5.8 fish per hour (Table 4.4-54). During March, only three sampics were collected due to heavy detritus continually clogging the traveling screens inhibiting ! co11cetions. The average numbers of fish impinged in 1975 are substantially lower than 1974 when 19.8 iish per hour were impinged during the diurnal period and 38.1 fish per hour during the nocturnal periods. llowever, with only seven months data collected for 1975,. comparison with 1974 is inconclusive. l A summary of the physical condition of the fish at the time of capture is presented in Table 4.4-55. Sixty-four percent of the 419 fish impinged were classified as live and active, whereas 14.8% were-live and
- inactive-(Table 4.4-55). Seventy-three percent oi-the fish that were dead but had no physical damage were predominately YOY gizzard shad collected in late July (Table 4.4-55). It is not known what percentage of the 73 fish. '
classified as dead with no physical damage died of natural causes or as a result of impingement; however, this number appears of minimal consequence in relation to total numbers impinged and returned alive, and even less consequential to the overall abundance of fish within the Missouri River ,
' (especially gizzard shad), It is expected that a greater number of small fishes (<100 mm total length) would be impinged in relation to adult fish species. Most species of fish appear to have constant age-specific mortality rates af ter juvenile life (Warren 1971). By the time most fish relich suf ficient size to be . important for economic, recreational and commercial purposes, most of their contemporaries have died (Ricker 1971).
The swimming speed of a species is related to its size, wherein, smal'. -individuals. are entrained more readily than larger ones when all other factors remain constant. Maximum swimming speed for-small freshwater fish ; or larvae is approximately 10 times its body length per second (Morgan and ; Moore 1972). Water current velocities in the mainstream of the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station commonly exceed 2 f t/sec, suggesting that small fish must eitheriinhabit protected areas or are carried downstream by current l- - velocities greater than_their swimming capabilities. It is not surprising .; then to find small fish species (<100 mm total length) impinged at. Cooper ! Nuclear. Station where intake velocities ranged from 1.3 to 2.5 ft/sec. - If L fish large enough to avoid the intake velocity of up to 2.5 f t/sec at: the . Station are impinged upon the intake screens, it is possible that some prior stress'may have affected their normal swimming capabilities. Many'of the large fish which appeared on the-intake screens may have been dead or in _a _ 1 weakened conditior prior to iepingement, f In the analysis of the condition.of fish impinged on-the traveling l- O: screens at Cooper Nuclear Ststion during.1974-(Barata 1975) (Table 4.4- 56), , i l 4.0-116 kw , w c, ,- vw -r-e,,-% a e www-wb--.v-w.~.,---,,www-,w,,v--+-e-w-- --v, mew-..v,-~-t-+- ---+--rw-*,-v+-e-*-e-*--w-r--~~mm*-
CNS - 316a 6 b O it appears that 60 to 70% may have been dead when they were washed off the screens. Many cf the smaller individuals represent early are groups in which natural mort +11ty is high over a given year. Other factors which control fish populations are predation, competition, disease, st arvation mad cannibalism. 11e nne t t (1971) found that high mortality of larval fish is a natural occurrence, i.e. the numbers of fish etabryos produced during each spawning period is greater than the number which can find appropriate habitat and sufficient nutrition. The potential impect of impingement upon a particular species population in the river should include: (1) whether impinge!nent or entrainment losses jeopardize the strength of year classes, (2) whe ther such losses endanger breeding stocks of fish and subsequent reproduction, and (3) whether this loss diminishes usefulness of the resource. Impingement and entrainment losses do not appear to jeopardire the strength of year classes as data thus far .:ollected in preoperational and operational studies do not indicate a reductivn in the number of species or their abundance in the river near Cooper Nucient Station, and the danger of losing breeding stocks of fish and subsequent reproduction does not appear significant, as larger size fish were not as common on the intake screens as smaller fish, probably because of their reduced vulnerability due to theit increased swinning capability. The larger fish which were subsequently impinged may have been lost to the population due to sorne prior stress which reduced their performance capability. Larger fish represent more mature ladividuals and, consequently, their reproductive potentini in a given year. The size data rathered in fish surveys being conducted show that there is not a deficiency of mature fish of those species commonly found to be impinged on the intake screens (Tabic 4.4-$6) at Cooper Nuclear Station; the loss due to impingement does not appear to be diminishing the usefulness of the resource. Sufficient comparative data on sport or connercial fish catches in the vicinity of Cooper Nuc1 car Station do not presently exist. Information on commercial fish catches were grouped according to large areas of the river by Schainost (1975) (Table 4.4-57) and no preoperational vs. operational sport catch creel censuses have been conducted in the vicinity of tk; Station. Ilowever, no major changes in the fishery have been detected, nor has the ability to utilize these fish as a resource been impaired. These observations on the Cooper Nuclear Station impingement, in part, indicate that the Station is imposing no appreciable harm upon the fishery resource. 4.4.2 TERRESTRIAL ll10TA 4.4.2.1 History and Description of I:xisting Wildlif e Habitat Channelization of the Missouri River in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station has caused a significant loss in the quality and quantity of wildlife habitat in and adjacent to the river. With the installation of river control structures such as r *< as, pile dikes and rock dikes for purposes of establishing a stabili cnannel and protecting banks, most of the original sloughs , chutes, oxbows, and backwater areas have been eliminated. The maintenance of a 9-f t navigable channel by periodic dredging and removal of snags has f urther contributed to the loss of suitable wildlife habitat g 4.0-117
A 2 CNS - 316a 6 b O and has resulted in less water area and a narrower, swifter river system. These ulterations in the river system have reduced the amount of habitable area for waterfowl and other water-oriented animals throughout the channelized i Missouri River from Sioux City, Iowa, to its mouth near St. Louis, Missouri. l In the vicinity of Cooper Nucicat Station, similar " improvement s" have been j impicmented in the river channel to benefit navigation. A detailed discussion i of the changes in the lower Missouri River and ef fects on fish and wildlife , has been prepared by Funk and Robinson (1974). Although their analysis of l the river did noc include the stretch adjacent to the Station, similar ' changes have taken place in it. Wildlife habitat'suitabic for water-oriented birds or manuals is limited in the segment of the Missouri River near the Station. The following j description of existing vildlife habitat and associated species will be j limited to that stretch of the river that may be influenced by ef fluents discharged from Cooper Nuclear Station. Therefore, the analysis will bc ; restricted to areas in or immediately adjacent to the river within five river ! miles downstream f rom the Station (RM 532.5 - RM 527.5) . Wildlife species included in the analysis will be restricted t.o water-oriented birds or
. mammals -that-may utilize the river during some phase of their life cycle.
A levee system has been constructed parallel to the river on , both the Missoeri and Nebraska si/as for purposes of flood control. The ( loroes extend past the Station to approximately RM 528.6 on the Nebraska side and beyond RM 527 on the Missouri side. O Nuclear Station (RM 532.5) and RM 527.5, there are 59 dikes and approximately 3.5 miles of revetment. The rock revetments are used to control bank erosion In the 5-mile stretch between Cooper 1 and are found primarily on the concave banks. These structures provide bank 3 protection but furnish little habitat'for fish or wildlife. The dikes control ' and direct the flow of the channel and also are used to cut off chutes and sloughs. Water behind the dikes tends to be slack and there is a tendency for silt to settle behind the structures. Construction of the levec system, maintenance of the channel through dredging and snag removal, and installation of channel " improvement" structures have all contributed to the demise of backwater arcos, sandbars, and islands in the river. Because the habitats associated with the river have become less varied and diverse and occupy less area, the abundance and diversity of birds ap0 mammals capable of occupying the channelized river are relatively low. Wildlife habitat within the Missouri River between RM >32.5 and 527.5 is similar and of comparable value t o habitat found in other nearby ' stretches of the channelized river both upstream and downstream of thc Station. 4.4,2.2 Wildlife Inventory 4,4'.2.2.1 Mammals l i Wildlife populations that could be subjected to ef fluents i discharged from Cooper Nuclear Station are principally. limited to water - () oriented birds and mammals. Furbearers such as beaver (Castor canadensis), 4.0-118 t
-. --..i-.-em-w-s-.--,+=~c, n._---- .,,ww-2._sp.m---.i------,--r-- .-,.*_r-,w.mw--m-w.rw.x,-nvy..--.e,-w m----+---mw,_y-.n-w_,-,,w.-om.-o.,v-p-p-, w y,ww----r-
CNS - 316a 6 b O muskrat (Ondatra ribethica), raccoon (p recy otl jlt_o l r.) , longtall weasel (Mustep _frenata), and mink (Mustela vison) are closely associated with aquatic environments and are dependent upon these habitats for f ood and cover. Other mammals that may utilize the river or adjacent shoteline include the cottontail rabbit ( Svv11 a cu s floridanus), eastern fox squirrel (Sciurun niger), castern gray squirrel (S. carolinensis), opos ,um (tile 1 phi,9 marsupial _is), coyote (Canis latrans), whitetail deer (Odocoileus , rcinianus), and small tumals such as taice, voles, and shrews. pavorable habitat is. these species exists along the edge of the river; houever, the river doe 4 not serve as a primary source of food or cover for any of these species. With the exception of beavers and muskrats, none of the above mammals deper.d upon habitats within the river for their reproductive processes. 4.4.2.2.2 Waterfowl Dabbling and diving ducks migrat ing through southeas'.ern Nebraska follow the Missouri River corridor (Bellrose 1966). Small flocks of ducks have been observed in the river in the vicinity of the Station; however, there have been no observations of waterf owl concent rated in the heated discharge aren during any part of the year, even in areas where the water remains ice free during winter. The surf ace of the river does not freeze solid during normalwinters; however, relatively quiet water areas behind dikes do freeze and ice jams and flows are common throughout this stretch of the river during winter months. Both ducks and geese commonly overwinter on the g Platte River and associated reservoirs in Nebraska and in the unchannelized W portion of the Missouri River in the northern pcrtion of the state where ice free water and an ample food supply are available; however, overwintering waterfowl are uncettunon in this stretch of the Missouri River. Although waste grain.is plentiful in nearby cultivated fields, the river offcrs little food for dabbling ducks. Small fish and invertebrates provide a plentif ul source of food in the river, but few diving ducks utilize these resaurces. The lack of backwater arcas pr quite open water areas wi31n the river for resting and feeding is the tunin f actor littiting wattrf owl usa of this portion of the channelized river. Waterfowl have been reported wintering near the northern limits of suitable winter habitat in Lake Et le where an open water area has been creed by the discharge of cooling water f rom a power plant (Reed 1971). An a. le food supply in nearby grain fields and the availability of an open water area provided the necessary requirements to hold mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and black duck (Anas rubripes) populations throughout the winter. Brisbin (1974) reported t hat the abundance and diversity of waterfowl in heated vs. unheated portions of a reactor cooling reservoir in South Carolina were higher in the unheated portion during the winter coaths. He noted that dabbling ducks were more thermally sensitive than diving ducks. Duck and goose production in the vicinity of the site is l restricted by the lack of breeding habitat. Some wood duck (Aix sponsa) i production does occur in natural woodland areas along the river, but this is I considered to be minimal. Other than the good duck, few sumer resident waterfowl species utilize the river or adjacent habitats for breeding. 4.0-119 1 l l
i CNS - 316a 6 b i
.O Elfluents from the Station br.ve not altered any breeding habitats presently being used by waterfowl.
4.4.2.2.3 Nongame Birds i ! Nongame birds that could be affected by effluents from the Station 2re principally those epocies that tmy be attracted to the discharge arca ir. i search of food. Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been observed ; sitting in trees near the-Station during winter months; however, limited field observations of this endangered species-(U. S. Department of Interior 1973) by personne) from the Nebraska Game and parks Comission (C. R. Wallace, personal comunication, Lincoln, Nebraska) and Induutrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, . Inc. indicate that the birds are randomly distributed along the rivet und , apparently have not been attracted to the discharge area. ! During fall and spring seasons, various species of shorebirds uigrate along the Missouri River. Shorebirds primarily feed en invertebrates !' and even though they may utilize shallow water habitats in the river or along the banks adjacent to the waters edge, these species hava not been attracted to the discharge area to forage for food or for breeding purposca. i Because quiet, shallow water areas are uncommon in chts stretch ; '= of the Mr souri River and marsh and wetland arcan are lacking, use of the ' river by bitterns and rails is uncommon; however, great blue herons (,Afffa, herodias) are common. Although these species utilize this stretch of tha river, , ' particularly during migration, limited field observations indicate that there has been no noticeable change in their distributional ecology in or along ; the river since the Station became operational. l
?
'.. 4.2.3 Assessment of Fffects Channelization of the Missouri River has vastly redund the amount of wildlife haLitat for water-oriented birds' and mammals. The reduction in habitat and changes in river characteristics have prevented some species of wildlife from occupying the river and have limited others to relatively low numbers.- In the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station, the abundance of birds l and mammals that utilize habitat ( within the river system for feeding, breedirg, or resting is relatively low. j Heated water and chemical discharges from the 9tation affect a small portion of the Missouri River. The cl.ance for interaction between birds or mammals'and effluents from the Station is small because (1) the area influenced by the discharge is confined to a small portion of the river, (2) suitable habitat for birds and mamals-in the discharge area is lacking, and (3) the abundance and diversity of water-oriented birds and mammals
-inhabiting the river in the area of the discharge aro11cw.
The river does not freeze solid during vinter months; consequently, the_ ice free discharge area does not provide a unique open water habitat for. waterfowl during this season.- Limited field observations indicate that O there has_been no noticeable-attraction of birds or mammals to the discharge area since the Station became operationel. Because wildlife do not concentrate 4.0-120 ___ ~ ._ . . _ . . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ . _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ . . . _ _ , - . . _
C!is - 316a 6 b in the discharge canal or t hat portion of the river influenced by efIluent8 e f rom the muil the probability of disease in bir d or mamnal populat ions or exposure to adverse weather conditions is no greater in this stretch of the river than in any other part of the channelired iiver. Sir.:e Cooper Noelcar Station be pn corxuercial operation, the levels of toxic contaminants and trace elemat s in waters discharge f rom the Station have seldotn exceeded acceptable criteria set by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (1973) for wildlife watcr supply uses. When ~ the level of a toxic contamit. ant or trace elecent in the discharge canal exceeded established criteria, the high concentration readily becatae diluted upon tnixing with ambient water irom the Missouri River .ind was not evident at downstream sartpling locations. Because of the relatively swift current in both the river and canal, water entering the river irom the discharge canni readily tnixes and there are no slack water areas where a buildup of toxic contaminanta could ocent. Waterf owl exposed to ef fluents discharge f rom the Station have suffered no ap).arent mortality nor exhibited any noticeably unusuai behavioral or phywiological r esponsen. O O 4.0-121
CSS - 316a 6 b 4,4 hrTERENCES 01'IED O Andersen. D. L. 1975. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and benthic organisms. Pages 11(-137 .in The evaluat ton of thermal ef tects in the Minouri Rivet near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operat lonal Phase), January - December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). deport by inaust rial BIO-TEST laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Onlumbus , Nebr.
, and S. D. Keetz. 1975. \rtificin) subst rat e and benthou studies. Pages 119-150 in The eva. sation of thermal of f ccts in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Preoperational Phase),
April 1973-March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322). Report by Indust rial Blo-TEST Laboratorico. Inc. f or Nebraska Public l'ower District, Columbus, Nebr. A.P.ll.A., A.W.W.A., and W.P.C.F. 1971. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 13th ed. Am. Public llealth Assoc., Washington, D. C. 874 pp. Aston, R. J. 1968. The effects of temperature on the life cycle, growth and fecundity of Branchiura sowerbvi (011gochaeta: 'lubt ficidae) . J. Zool., 1,ondon 154:29-40.
,_. 1973, ricld and experimental studies on the effects of a power station effluent on Tubificidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida). llyd robi ologia 42:225-242.
Bader, R. C., and M. A. Roessler. 1971. Zooplankton. l' ages 1-29 in O An ecological study of South Biscayne Bay and Card Sound. Report by Univ. of Miami for U. S. Atomic Energy Comm. and Plorida Progress Power and Light Co. l. A Bailey, R. M., chairman. 1970. A list of com; ,fandscientificnamesof fishes from the United States and Canada. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 6 Washington, D. C. 150 pp. Ballentine, R. K., J. E. Arden, L. P. Patrich, D. B. Ilicks, and S. L. liugbec. 1970. Water quality of the Missouri River. U. S. Dep. Inter., Cincinnati, Ohio. 34 pp. + 4 appendices. Bay, E. C. 1964. California chironomids. Prc~. Calif. Mosquito Control Assoc. 32:82-84. Bazata, K. R. 1975. Fish entrapment. Pages ~f7-176 in The evaluation of thermal effects in the Missouri River r e Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January - December lj - (IBT No. 64304909) . Eeport by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratorieg !nc. fo;; Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Tf o Beck, E. C.. and W. M. Beck, Jr. 1969. The 6 .rononidae of Florida 11. The nuisance species. Fla. En t omol . 5 0 ( 1 ) : 1 '.J. .' Be11 rose, F. C. 1968. Waterf owl migration orridors cast of the Rocky Mountains in the United States. 111. Nat. llist. Surv. Biol. Notes No. 61. 24 pp. 4.0-122 -- " a -. - - - - - . - - - _ __wm - - - - - - , - - , - - - - , - - - - - - , - a- x_ A
CNS - 31oa & b O Ber.nett, G. W. 1971. Management of lakes and ponds. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. New York. 375 pp. Berner, L. M. 19$1. Limnology of the av... **1..vuri River. . Ecology 32(1):1-12. i Blum, J . L. 1956. 1hc ecology of river algae. Bot. Rev. 22(5):291-341.
. 1960. Algal populations in flowing waters. Pages 11-21 in C. A. Tryon, J r. and R. T. Ilartman, eds. The ecology of algae.
Pymatoning Laboratory of Field Biology, Univ. Pit tsburg, Pit tsburg, Pa. Brisbin, 1. L. , J r. 1974. Abundance and diversity of waterfowl inhabiting heated and unheated portions of a reactor cooling reservoir. Pages 579-593 in J. W. Gibbons and R. R. Sharitz, edi.. Thermal Ecology. U. S. Atomic Energy Comm., Washington, D. C. Britt, N. W. 1962. Biology of two species of Lake Erie mayflies, Ephoron album (Say) and Ephemera fimulans Walker. Bull. Ohio Biol. Surv. 1:1-72. Ilrown, R. D. 1971. The dynamics in the establishment of c~nmunities of theophilic diatoms adhering to glass sliden. Ph. D. Thesis. Univ. Delaware Newark (Abstr.). Bott, T. L. 1975. Bacterial growth rates and temperature optima in a ntream with a fluctuating thermal regime. Limnol . Oceanogr. 20(2):191-197. Bugbee, S. L. 1972. Macroinvertebrate and periphyton report. Pages 19-34 in Selected environmental ef fects of two nuclear power plants on the Missouri River, Pre-operational progress report. March 1972. Nebraska Came and Parks Comm., Lincoln, Nebr. Cairns, J., Jr. 1956. Effects of increased temperatures on aquatic organisms. Ind. Wastes 1:150.
, C. R. Lanza, and B. C. Parker. 1972. Pollution related structural and functional changes in aquatic communities with emphasis on freshwater algae and protozoa. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 124(5):79-127.
Carlander, K. D. 1969, llandbook of f reshwater fishery biology. Vol. 1. Iowa State University Press, Awes. 752 pp. Carter, S. R. 1974. Macroinvertebrate entrainment studies. Pages 72-97 in D. L. Wetzel, ed. Operational environmental monitoring in the Missouri kiver near Fort Calhoun Station, January 1974 through June 1974. (IBT No. 64304254). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebr. O 4.0-123
CNS - 316a 6 b O . 1975. Macroinvertebrate entroinnent studies. Pages 61-89 in D. L. Wetzel, ed. Operational environmental monitoring in the Missouri River near Fort Calhoun Station, July 1974 through December 1974. (IBT No. 64304254). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebr. Churchill, M. A., and T. A. Wojtalik. 1969. Effects of heated discharges: The T.V.A. experience. Nucl. News (Sept.). pp. 80-86. Congdon, J. C. L971. Fish populations of channelized and unchannelized sections of the Chariton River, Missouri. Pages 52-61 in E. Schneberger and J. L. Funk, eds. Stream channelization: A symposium. North Central Div., Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 2 Onc) Q ebr. Coutant, C. C. 1962. The effect of a heated water effluent upon the macrcinvertebrate riffle fauna of the Delaware River. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 36:58-71.
. 1970. Biological aspects of thermal pollution 1. Ent r ai nmen t and discharge canal effecta. Chem. Rubber Co. Critical Reviews in Environ. Control 1(3):341-381.
. 1971. Effects on organisms of entrainment in cooling water :
steps toward predictability. Nucl. Safety 12(6):600-607. (I Cowell, B. C. 1967. The Copepoda and Cladocera of a Missouri River reservoir; a comparison of sampling in the reservoir and the discharge. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12(1):125-136.
. 1970. The influence of plankton discharges from an upstr , i reservoir on standing crops in a Missouri River reservoir. Limnol. 1 Oceanogr. 15:427-441.
Davies, R. M., and L. D. Jensen. 1974. Ef fects of entrainment of zoopl,. gakton at three Mid-Atlantic power plants. Report prepared for Electric he er Research Institute, Palo Alta, Calif. 76 pp. - Davis, D. M., B. V. Peterson, and D. M. Wood. 1962. The black flies 31ptera: Simuliidae) of Ontario. Part 1. Adult identification and distribi tion with descriptions of aix new cpecies. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont. 9':71-154. i Drew, H. R., and J. E. Tilton. 1970. Thernal requirements to protect aquatic lif e in Texas reservoirs. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 42(4):562-572. Goldman, J. C., and E. J. Carpenter. 1974. A kinetic approach to the ef fect of temperature on algal growth. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19:756-766. Gorham, P. R. 1965. Toxic waterblooms of blue-green algae. Pages 37-44 in C. M. Tarzwell, ed. Biological problems in water pollution, third seminar. U. S. Dep. Health, Educ. , Welf are, Div. Water Supply and Pollution () Control, Washington, D. C. 4.0-124
CNS - 316a 6 b e Gould, G., and J. Schmulbach. 1973. Relative abundance and distribution of fishes in the Missouri River Gavins Point Dam to Rulo. Nebraska. Final Rep. Missouri River Envitt Inventory. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha, Nc6 . 60 pp. Farrell, J. R. 1975. Periphyton: Page 80-115 in The evaluation of thermal effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT ho. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Fogg, G. E. 1965. Algal cultures and phytoplankton ecology. University Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis. 126 pp. Fremling, C. R. 1960. Biology and possible control of nuisance caddistlies of the upper Mississippi River. Iowa State Univ. Agric. Home Econ. Exp. Stn. Res. Bull. 483:856-879.
. 1968. Documentation of a mass emergence of Hexagenia mayflies from the upper Mississippi River. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 97(3):278-280.
Funk, J. L., and C. E. Ruhr. 1971. Stream channelization in the Midwest. Pages 5-11 tot E. Schneberger and J. L. Funk, eds. Stream channelization: A symposium. North Central Div., Am. Firh. Soc. Spec . Publ. No . 2. Omaha, Nebr.
, and J. W. Robinson. 1974. Changes in the channel of the lower Missouri River and ef f ects on fish and wildlife. Mc. Dep. Conserv.,
Aquatic Ser. No. 11. 52 pp. Helms, D. R. 1972. Progress report on the first,piar study of the shovelnose sturgeon in the Mississippi River. Proj. No.. 156-R-1, Iowa State Conserv. Comm, 22 pp. 4 s Hey, J., and K. Baldwin. 1974. Aquatic ecology aru (pre-cperational survey , Neal III) of the Missouri River near the Georget Neal Station, Sioux City, Iowa. May 1973-May 1974. Briar Cliff College Print Shop, Sioux City, Iowa. 40 pp. + appendix. Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1966. .te biology of Chironomus plumosua (Dipte ra : Chironomidae) in Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59(3): 465-473.
, and R. P. Norf. 1968. Ecology of Chironomidae, Chaoboridae, and other benthos in fourteen Wisconsin lakes. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.
61:1173-1181. Hustedt, F. 1930. Heft 10:Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae), in A. Pascher, ed. Die Susswasser-flora Mitteleuropas. Gustav Fischer. Jena, Germany. 4.0-125 O
CNS - 316a 6 b O llutchinson, C. E. 1967. A treatise on limnology. Vol. 2. Introduction to lake biology and the limnoplankton. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 1115 pp. Hynes, ll.B.N. 1970. The ecology of running vaters . University Toronto Press, Toronto. 555 pp. Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1969. Preliminary environmental (thermal ef fects) survey of the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, Brovnville, Nebraska. (IBT No. W7744) . Ecport to Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. 25 pp. + 4 appendices.
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. 1972. Preoperational environmental monitoring (thermal) of the Missouri River near Cooper N"-lear Station, April 1971-March 1972.
(IBT No. W8977) . Report to Nebr.aka Public Power Dictrict, Columbus, Nebr. 61 pp. + 5 appendices.
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, 1975. Periphytic algae collected from artificial substrates in the vicinity of Fort Calhoun Station, Nebraska, 8 August to 21 November 1974. (IBT No. 54306879). Report to Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebr. 15 pp. + appendix.
Jensen, L. O. 1974. Zooplankton entrainment. Pages 109-120 i_n Environmental responses to thermal discharges from Chesterfield Station, James River, Virginia. Report prepared for Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif. Kofold, C. A. 1903. The plankton of the Illinois River, 1894-1899, with introductory notes upon the hydrography of the Illinois River and its basin. Part I, Quantitative investigations and general results. Bull, 111. State Lab. Nat. lli s t . 6:95-629. (Cited in Hynes 1970). Lackey, J. B. 1950. Aquatic biology and the water works engineer. Public Works 81:39-41, 64. Larson, B. E. 1975. Phytoplankton. Pages 49-66 inn The evaluation of thermal offects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuc1 car Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Indust rial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. f or Nebraska Public Powe r District, Columbus, Nebr. 4.0-126
CNS - 316a & b
, and R. A. Alberito. 1975. Plankton studies. Pages 86-118 in O
The evalention of thermal effects on the Missouri River near Cooper Nuc1 car Station (Preoperational Phase). April 1973-March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus Nebr. Latvaitis, P. B. 1975. Fish population and life history studies. Pages 219-283 in R. M. Cerhold, ed. Operational environmental monitoring in the Mississippi River near Quad-Citico Station, August 1974-January 1975. (IBT No. 64305739). Semi-annual report by Indus; rial BIO-TEST Laboratorico, Inc. for Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, Ill. Lehmkuhl, D. M. 1972. Change in thermal regime as a cause of reduction of benthic fauna downstream of a reservoir. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:1329-1332. Lovorn, F. T. 1975. Thermal plume surveys. Pages 237-262 in The evaluation of t'nermal effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IDT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BID Tr.ST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columlas, Nebr. Hackenthun, K. M., E. F. lierman, and A. F. Bartsch. 1945. A heavy mortality of fishes resulting from the decomposition of algae in the Yahara River, Wisconsin. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 75:175-180. llh McIntire C. D. , and 11. K. Phinney. 1965. Laboratory studies of periphyton production and community metabo1Asm in lotic environments. Ecol. Monogr. 35(3):237-358. McKee , J. E. , and 11. W. Wolfe. 1963. Water quality criteria. Publ. No. 3-A, The Resources Agency of Calif., State Water Resources Control Board. 548 pp. McNeely, D. L., and W. D. Pearson. 1974 Distribution and condition of fishes in a small reservoir receiving heated waters. Trans. Am. Fich. Soc. 103(3):518-530. Miller, R. R. 1972. Threatened freshwater fishes of the United States. Trans. Am. Fish Soc. 101(2):239-252. Morgan, P. D., and R. E. Moore. 1972. Report survey of large volume water, intake system velocity and fish swimming speeds in the Great Lakes. (Contract No. 2065). Report by Cyrus William Rice Division, NUS Corp. for Cleveland Electric Luminating Co. , Cleveland, Ohio, 13 pp. Morgan, R. P., and R. C. Stross. 1969. Destruction of phytoplankton in the cooling water supply of a steam electric station. Chesapeake Sci. 10:165-171. 4.0-127 g
CNS - 316a & b O Morris, L. A. 1971. Selected environmental ef fects of two nuclear power plants on the Missouri River. Progress Report. Nebraska Game and Parks Comm., Lincoln, Nebr. 22 pp.
, R. N. Langermeier, T. R. Russell, and A. Witt, Jr. 1968.
Ef fects of main stem impoundments and channelization upon the linmology of the Missouri River, Nebraska. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 92(4):380-388. Munger, P. R. et al. 1974a. A baseline study of the Missouri River: Rulo. Nebraska to mouth near St. Louis, Missouri. Vol. II. Report by Univ. of Missouri for Dep. of the Army, Kansas City Dist., Corps of Engineers. pp. 230-460. Munger, P. R. et al. 1974b. A baseline study of the Missouri River: Rulo. Nebraska to mouth near St. Louis , Missouri . Vol . 111. Report by Univ. of MissoutA for Dep. of the Army, Kansas City Dist., Corps of Engineers. pp. 461-684. Nebecker, A. V. 1971. Ef f ect of temperature at dif ferent altitudes on the emergence of aquatic insects from a single stream. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 44(1):26-35. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Terrestrial Wildlife Department. 1973. Nebraska's rare and endangered vildlife. Nebraska Came and Parks O Cotmuission. 22 pp.
, Neill, W. H., and J. J. Magnuaon. 1974. Distributional ecology and behavorial thermoregulation of fishes in relation to heated ef fluent from a power plant at Lake Monona, Wisconsin. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(4):663-710, Nord, A. E., and J. C. Schmulbach. 1973. A comparison of the macroinvertebrate aufwuchs in the unstabilized and stabilized Missouri River. Proc. S. D.
Acad. Sci. 52:127-139. Normandeau, D. A. 1970. The ef fects of thermal releases on the ecology of the Merrimack River. Pages 199-219 in A report to Public Service Company of New Hampshire. Institute Res. Se rvices , S t . Anscim's College, New Hampshire. Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamentals of ecology. 2nd ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 546 pp. Palme r, C. M. 1962. Algae in water supplies. U. S. Dep. Health, Educ., Welfare, Public licalth Serv. Publ. No. 657, 88 pp.
. 1969. A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution.
J. Phycol. 5:78-82. Parker, E. D., M. F. Hirshfield, and J. W. Gibbs. 1973. Ecological comparisons of thermally affected aquatic environments. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. O' 45:726-733. 4.0-128
CNS - 316a & b O Patrick, R. 1968. The structure of diatom communities in similar ecological conditions. Am. Nat. 103(924):173-183.
. 1969. Some ef fects of temperature on f reshwater algae. Pages l 161-190 in P. A. Kronkel and F. L. Parker, eds. Biological aspects of thermal pollution. Vanderbilt Univ. Press. Nashville, Tenn.
. 1971. The effects of increasing light and temperature on the structure of diatom communities. Limnol. Oceanogr. 16(2):405-421.
. 1973. Use of algae, especially diatoms, in the assessment of water quality. Pages 76-95 in Biological Methods for the Assessment of Water Quality. ASIM STP 528. Am. Soc. for Testing and Materials. ,
l
. 1974. Eficcts of abnormal temperatures on algal communities. '
Pages 335-349 in J. W. Gibbons and R. R. Shnritz, eds. Thermal ecology. Technical Information Center, Of fice of Inf ornation Services, U. S. Atomic Energy Comm., Washington, D. C.
. B. Crum, and J. Coles. 1969. Temperature and manganese as determining f actors in the presence of diatom or blue-green algal floras in streams. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., U. S. 64:472-478.
, and C. W. Reimer. 1969. The diatoms of the United States.
Vol. I. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. Monogr. 13. 688 pp. llh Patulski, D. E. 1975a. Fish population and life history study. Pages 151-216 in The evaluation of thermal eff ects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Preoperational Phase), April 1973-March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322). Report by Industrial B10-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr.
. 1975b. Fish larvac entrainment and distribution studies.
Pages 218-236 fyt The evaluation of therma! effects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nucicar Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. 1975c. Fish larvae entrainment study. Pages 90-136 in Operational environmental monio , ring in the Missouri River near Fort Calhoun Station, July 1974 through Decenber 1974 (IBT No. 64304254). Semi-annual report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebr. Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States. Ronald Press Co., New York. 769 pp. Pielou, E. C. 1975. Ecological diversity. John Wiley & Sons. New York. 165 pp. O 4.0-129 l l
CNS - 316a 6 b O Prescott, G. W. 1962. Algae of the western Great Lakes area. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 977 pp.
. 1968. The algae a review. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. l 436 pp.
1 Proffitt, M. A. 1969. Effects of heated discharge upon aquatic resources of White River at Petersburg, Indiana. Indiana Univ. , Water Resour. Res. Center, Rep. Invest. No. 3. 101 pp. , 1
, and R. S. Benda, 1971. Growth and movement if fishes and distribution ~of invertebrates related to heated discharge into White River at Petersbury, Indiana. Indiana Univ., Water Resour. Res. Center, Rep. Invest. No.-5. 94 pp.
Redmond, D. G., C. L. arown, and P. A. Jones. 1975. Phytoplankton entrainment . study. Pages 1-33 _in, D. L. Wetzel, ed. Operational environmental I monitoring in the Missouri River near Fort Calhoun Station, July 1974 through December 1974. (IBT No. 61304254). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebr.
-Reed, L. W. 1971. An ecological evaluation of a thermal discharge.
1 _ Part VI: Use of western Lake Erie by migratory and wintering waterfowl. Mich. State Univ., Inst. Water Res. Tech. Rep. No. 18, 71 pp. Reetz, S. D. 1975. PhytoplarAton entrainment. Pages 198-217 g The evaluation of thermal ef fects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nucicar Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report- by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus Nebr.
, D. L. Wetzel, and D. E. Patulski. -1974. Studies on the mechanical effects of condenser passage. Pages 217-252 g The evaluation of thermal effsets in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Preoperational Phase), Aprf1 1973-March 1974. (IBT No. 64303322).
Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laborat ories, _Inc. for Nebraska Public Power District, Columbus, Nebr. Reinhard, E. G. 1931.- The plankton ecology of the upper Mississippi, Minneapolis to Winona. Ecol. Monogr. 1(4):395-464. Reisen. W. R., and D. J. Spencer.- 1970. Succession and current demand-relationships of diatoms on artificial substrates in Prater's Creek. South Carolina.- J. Phyccl. 6:117-121. Restaino, A. L. et al.1973. Entrainment_ studies. Pages 293-346 3 H. 0.- ' Eller and J.-J. Delfino, eds. Operational environmental monitoring in
.. the Mississippi River near Quad-Cities Station February 1973-July 1973. .
, - (IBT No. 64301761). Semi-annual report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories.- z Inc. for Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, Ill . 4.0-130 L - -- _ - . _ , . _ . _ , . - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ , . _ . _ . . _ _ _ . . ._ _
CNS - 316a & b e Ricker, W. E., ed. 1971. Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh waters. 2nd ed. Blackwell Scientific Fublicatione, Oxford and Edinbu*gh. 348 pp. Roberts, L. S. 1970. Ergasilus (Copepoda: Cy clopoi da ) : revision and key to species in North America. Traus. Am. Microscop . Soc. 59(1):134-161. l Rohlich, G. A., and W. B. Sarles. 1949. Chemical composition of algae and its relationship to taste and odor. Taste and Odor Control J. 18:1-6. Schainost, S. 1975. Survey 5f 1974 commercial fisheries industry of Nebraska. Project No. 2-223-R. Nebraska came and P n ks Conn. , l Aquatic Wildl Div., Lincoln, Nebr. 42 pp. , I Scheffe, H. 1959. The analysis of variance. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., i New York. 477 pp. Shannon, C. E. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Tech. J. 27:379-423, 623-656. Steel, R. G. D., and J. H. Torrie. 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., New York. 481 pp. Stoe rmer, E. F. , and J. J. Yang. 1969. Plankton diatom assemblages in Lake Michigan, U. S. Dep. Inter., Fed. Water Quality Admin., Washington, D. C. 208 pp. Stone, A. 1964. Guide to the insects of Connecticut. VI. The Diptera or trueflies of Connecticut: Simuliidae and Thaumalcidae. Bull. Conn, Geol, and Nat. Hist. Sury. 97:1-126. Stuckey, N. P. 1972. Selected environmental effects of two nuclear power plants on the Missouri River. Pages 1-18 in Preoperational progress report. Nebraska Game and Parks Comm. , Lincoln, Nebr. Srmania, D. C., and D. L. Johnson, 1975a. Fish population and diatribution study. Pagea 138-166 in The evaluation of thermal ef f ects in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station (Operational Phase), January-December 1974. (IBT No. 64304909). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. , f or Nebraska Public Power District , Columbus, Nebr.
. 1975b. Fish population studies. Pages 37-162 in D. L.
Wetzel, ed. Operational environmental monitoring in the Missouri River near Fort Calhoun Station, July 1974 through December 1974. (IBT No. 64304254). Semi-annual report by Indust ri al B10-TEST Laboratories , Inc. for Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebr. O 4.0-131
CNS - 316a 6 b O LJ
, and D. E. Patulski, 1974. Fish population study. Pages 122-146 in K. E. Bremer, ed. Operational environmental monitoring in the Missouri River near Fort Calhoun Station, January 1974 through June 1974. (IBT No. 64304254). Semi-annual report by Industrial B10-TEST Laboratories, Inc. f or Omaha Public Power District, Omaha, Nebr.
Trembley, F. J. 1960. Research project on effects of condenser discharge water on aquatic life. 'rogress Report, 1956-59, The Institute of Research, Leigh Univ., bethlehem, Pann. U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 1973. Fi:.1 envirrniental statement related to operation of Cooper N. clear Station, Nebraska Public Power District, Docket No. 50-298. U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Sport Fisneries and Wildlife. 1973. Threatened wildlife of the United States. Resour. Publ. 114. 289 pp.
, GeoloSi cal Survey Division. 1972a. Water resources data for Nebraska. Part I. Surface water records. U. S. Geol. Survey, Lincoln, Nebr.
. 1972b. Provisional flow records for the Missouri Ri"er at s Nebraska City. Mcbtaska. U. S, Geol. Survey, Council Bluf fs, Iowa.
(Unp?hlished data) n.p.
. 1973. Provisional flow records for the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
(Unpublished data) n.p.
. 1974. Provisional flow records for the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Council Bluf f e , Iowa.
(Unpublished data) n.p.
. 1975. Provisional flow records for the Missouri River at Nebraska City, Nebraska. U. S. Geol. Survey, Council Bluf f s, Iowa.
(Unpublished data) n.p. U. S. Environment.1 Protection Agency. 1973. Comparison of NTAC, NAS and proposed EPA numerical cr4 teria for water quality. Washington, D. C. n.p. Van Landingham, S. L. 19e4. Some physical and generic aspects of fluctuations in non-mario; planktor diatom populations. Bot. Rev. 30 : 4 37-47d . Wallace, N. M. 1955. The ef f ect of temperature on the growth of some f resh-water diatoms. Notulae Naturae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. No. 280. 11 pp. Warren, C. E. 1971. Biology and water pollution control. W. B. Saunders (~T Co., Philadelphia. 434 pp. %-) 4.0-132
CNS - 316a 6 b Weteel, D. L., W. S. Iverson, and A. L. Restaino. 1974. Zooplankton e entrainment study. Pages 33-60 in D. L. Wetzel, ed. Operational environnental monitoring in the Missouri River near Fort Calhoun Station, July 1974 through December 1974. (IBT No. 64304254). Report by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Irc. for Omaha Public Power District, I Omaha, Nebr. Whitaker, J. O., Jr., R. A. Schlueter, and M. A. Proffitt, 1973. Effects of heated discharge on fish and invertebrates of Wnite River at Petersburg, Indiana. Indiana Univ., Water Resour. Res. Center, Rep. Invest., No. 6. 123 pp. 1 l Whitford, L. A. 1960. Ecological distribution of f resh-water algae. 'Pages 1-10 irl C. A. Tryon, Jr. and R. T. Hartman, eds. The ecology of algae. Pymatuning Laboratory of Field Biology, Univ. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. i Whitford, L. A., and G. J. Schumacher, 1963. Communities of algae in North Carolina streams and their seasonal relations. Hydrobiologia 22:133-196. Wilhm, J. L., and T. C. Dorris. 1968. Bioiogical parameters for water quality criteria. Bioscience 18(6):477-481. Williams, L. G. 1964. Possible relationships between plankton-diatom species numbers and water - quality estimates. Ecology 45(4):809-823. __,. 1972. Plankton diatom species biomass and quality of American rivers and the Great Lakes. Ecology 53(6):1038-1050. Williams , W. D. 1971. Horizontal and vertical distribution and taxonomic composition of net zooplankton in a large lotic ecosystem, the Missouri River. M. A. Thesis. Univ. South Dakota, Vermillion, S. D. Zar. J. H. 1968. Computer calculation of information theoretic measures of diversity. Trans. Ill. Acad. Sci. 61:217-219. 1 1 0 4.0-133
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_ 6- ---a R M 528 \6 o------a RM 526 'Q' _ _ . - - _ . . . . Missing Dato 10 OCT NOV DEC JUN JUL AUG SEP MAY ' MONTH Figure 4.4-10. Average water temperatures computed twice monthly at macroinvertebrate and periphyton sampling locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - October 1973 (Farrell 1975).
# 9 e
() r~ V % %J 30 - A'
\
- gxg a
\ \ /\
o i \x y/ M \sx a \\ t g \ - x-[
=
a F
/* y\A \
os = 9
- n o <r 20 -
/ \\' o. '
a ct ','/ e L E
- E -
=
River Mile
\ u I
w F e e RM 534
\a .
\,
w o - ---o RM 532 \ N s a RM 530 'o A- -o R M 528 \ \= N '\ m g Missing Doto o \ g _ \o 10 MAY JUN JLL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MONTH - Figure 4.4-11. Average water temperatures computed twice tr.onthly at macroinvertebrate and periphyton sampling locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, r'ay - November 1974 (Farrell 1975).
C?4S - 316a & b 1 LIMN 0 LOGICAL LEGEND WATER QUALITY STUDIES 534l(g , i L Physical Measurements --- 534, intoke,
; d Limited Chemical Dischorge,532, N
d - Analyses 530,528,526 Additional Chemical 534, Intake,
.y . Analyses Discharge,530 t.i. 1 BIOLOGY o.'533 Plankton Survival and I, i ntake, ai )NTA rt Viability Dischorge,3
- 2 Zoopla nkt o n,Phy topla nkt on; 534, 532,530 d Periphyton, Aquatic 528,526 UCLEAR -
S T A TI O N ,,,,. _ Mocroinvertebrates,ond e O/ScNAnst . - ,532 Benthos g ,'. 0 1.; , 0 -' Fish Study 534,532,530
',..- (Nebraska and Missouri shore.
line at each Sf g , Iccotion)
. + ,i- H--3 Fish Larvne intoke,2, Discharge,3 h 530 9[ iOPOGR APHIC LEGEND
'4 '
,.' . o 52S River Mile and Sompling Location
' ~
g ,,l.'. M Rip Rap - Wing Dom Levee ^ Training Dike
. , . -529 o
- 1:528 l525. .
- ., . '. , p , 'ir, A %
1 O .r
. ,\ ,' '.
, . 52 '
,/ . .
526' . . - , yo -. .; : ;,, . 527 - . .
. 4 6 2 3 ] , .' , ._
j s s- es SCALE IN MILES O 05 1 2 Figure 4.4-12. Adult and larval fish sampling locations in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station, Missouri River. 4.0-145
CNS - 316a & b
- O -
j 1973 l 1974 1975 20 -
] '
e - , . . 5 , s : U m 10 - - I, , b j '
$ j
- t g
(, , , . 9 534 534 534 532 630 530 - N M N M N M 600 500 - ',- S 400 - : 5 h 300 - r O :o 200 - ;
=
'I d 1 '
534 534 532 532 530 530 N M NM N M Y -
]
@ 200 -,
/ >
/
>- / / -
7 , / t , / /
)/
* /
, /
/,
y 300 - / , j ,
/ I 5 '
I
/
' / /
m b ', c -
/ h w0
% .00 534 534 532 532 530 530 N M N M N M Figure 4.4-13. Numbers and diversity of fish collected from each f
sampling location by electroshocking near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1973, 1974, and May - July 1975. I 4.0-146
3 b e i i e _ __ e e t 'N e- _s . F e m O
' 2 a E's
. )
\,
o,
/
/
'N g, -U s' ~o
?
;5 \ ,2 O c
~ m N o/ E W D' Ui w 3. m o e 1974 0-----4 19 71 I I I I I I l t i 2 3 2,3 4 5 6 7 SAMPLING loc t.TIO N S Figure 4.4-14. Species diversity indices of fish collected by electroshocking near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1971 and 1974. (Data obtained from C. R. Vallace, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, unpublished data.) O O O
. * . ' [ >ifi , ti l I 'r ng ~mo , e /
X E D ' v N S to f I o oo t* f E I Y C T ' E i I I i _- _ _g _ 'm
- S .
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*oo _
_= S _ O _ E N _ _ I _. C -
.. _ _ E _ _
P r 4 I t t t t- - N h N h N h S N h N h Wi 'h 4 4 2 2 0 0 4 t 2 2 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ,3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 My., gZ0 O> jOZ m> -v ' m8 'O e> y' O-2 i S
- uoo f '
L _ A - cyu U - ooe I D _ I , V I _ I D N I I. _ F noo I _ _ m i 1 O _ N~ eye O _ - ' N _ .- - -
.. eo 1 _
P 1 t 1 N h N h N L 4 4 2 2 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5. 5 5 5 5 Co> ~O _ Z > ,7 C * ._ ~ %a r -b g~ w r . m9mct* e *Z 09t5w *g c < rn< , . ,rce no Woo *rCc ,,, Oa eaE 2ea".ron ~Onpr+0D v - - 0< - t* ar"n ceun o 9cmQ =8~mo' mnQn*O3 x4 I
=o<@cm" e uv *oc.
cNd' o,o ~em
m--- -- _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ __ _ _ - _ ._ _ _ _ _ l l l CNS - 316a & b 4 - Above Cooper O
/
/ \\
> 3
~
a /
\
/
p a x n
*p\-.s. y l s
W \ p Ea -
\
,\
o
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M i U \ - u i w I CL \ m I - t i d I I I 1 1 i I I A M J J A S O N 4' ~ Below Cooper h
.~. e/-
0, ,.o\ E \ E * /
\
u / ' E / \ o2 -
--a / O
/
m / h3 u u e\ . U m I - 1 I I I i 1 1 I A M J J A S O N e e gg74 a-----a i g 7 Figure 4.4-16. Species diversity indices of fish collected by seining (Da ta h near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1971 and 1974. obtained from C. R. Wallace, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, unpublished data). 4.0-149
-- - -- - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ------------.um_ __ _
O O o locations Table 4.4-1. Comparison of the abundance (units /ml) of major phytoplankton species at samplina, in the Missouri River upatream (Location 534) and downstream (Location 532) f rom Cooper Nuclear Station, May - November 1974. 8 Sept Oct; Nov June July Aug May Location Locatirm Loca tio n Location Location Loca tion Loca tion 534 5 32 534 532 534 $ 32 532 534 532 534 532 534 532 534 Baci!!ariophyta 574 841 1336 8 95 919 919 Centrales 841 280 748 187 67 Stephanodiscus sp. 307 341 1763 3579 3886 4715 4407 2522 2532 1 561 454 5142 3005 1923 3085 1 Stephannniscus minutus - - 427 267 1055 755 727 652 214 374 107 80 - - 235 235 Stephanodiscus hantzschil - - 160 187 321 341 334 107 241 294 267 160 Ster,hanndiscus astcaca - - 107 200 347 73 27 - - 80 - 1870 213 93 353 502 Microsiphone potamos - - 3018 4608 4955 955 866 68 3125 3339 15492 11672 2738 102 40 glotella menenhiniana - - -
- 1122 1563 - 134 27 - - -
Cyclotella atomus [} Pennales - - - - - - - - E 444 410 1549 1309 - - A sterionella formosa 80 - - - - - - - 478 54 - - 140 120 278 128 o mgj b ria capucina - 1697 988 - - 27 347 107 - y Mgjla ria construens 51 -
- 27 788 147 235 256 g a 54 80 27 - - -
118 139 i Franita ria pinnata 401 120 120 87 107 c.> 575 508 227 53 200 Navicula so. 409 410 214 427 187 154 85 75 cr. t.n 134 187 34I 374 160 230 0 239 34 628 427 246 321 y Mitzschia acicularis 1494 1175 1149 2337 601 534 Nitz schia palca - - - - 27 160 134 .3 194 160 38 1269 1229 27 27 267 Nitzschia sp. 1364 1023 - 27 - - - - - - 21 102 205 - - - Surirella ovata Chlo rophyta 119 31 28 34 4 - 594 77 30 30 307 273 633 - 9 42 7 - Scenedesmus acuminata 87 38 28 37 14 19 371 173 Actina strum hantzschil v. fluviatilis 136 273 494 300 108 143 14 18 14 12 - 14 - - Scenedestnus longispina 137 239 a Data from Larsen (1975).
1 CNS - 316a & b Table 4.4- 2. Shannon's species diversity indicesa for phytoplankton collected from the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, May to November 1972,1973 and 1974. b Year Location May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov 1972 534 3.17 2.71 2.87 3.25 3.06 3.05 3.06 532 3.16 2.71 2.87 3.25 2.95 2.65 2.91 530 - 2.65 2.98 3.29 2.90 2.07 2.87 528 - 2.47 3.12 3.37 2.86 2.87 2.93 526 - 2.62 2.93 3.31 2.72 2.88 2.95 1973 534 2.30 2.89 2.61 2.42 2.93 2.99 2.91 532 2.38 2.81 2.44 2.35 3.00 2.91 2.88 530 2.29 2.94 2.68 2.43 2.90 2.91 2.93 528 2.21 2.99 2.41 2.67 2.96 2.79 3.10 526 2.38 2.86 2.68 2.60 2.86 2.89 3.02 1974 g 534 2.21 3.14 1.70 2.21 2.30 2.18 2.31 532 2.14 3.01 1.65 2.14 2.11 2.06 2.33 530 2.45 3.17 1.59 2.27 2.04 2.17 2.03 528 2.18 3.20 1.73 2.28 1.99 2.23 2.33 526 2.08 3.11 2.03 2.18 2.01 1.99 2.29 a 'H valu'es calculated to the base e. b Data collected by Industrial BID-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (1973), Larson and Alberico (1975), and Larson (1975). t O 4.0-151
CNS - 316a & b Tabic 4. 4- 3. Potential nuisance algal taxa collected f rom Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, May 1972 - February 1975. Type of Nuisance O' Taxon Taste or Clog Toxic or Nauscous Odor Filter s Blooms Ba ci11a riophyta Astertenella a , b, c , d a Cvelotella c a b f12TLr1L4 a Dia t eima c a Fra tila ria d a Melostra d a,b,d,i M e ridinn e Navicula a Synedra a, b, c, d a,d Tabellaria a,c,d a, d Calorophyta Chlamyd nmona e d Clo s te rium a Dictyo s phae rium b, c Eudorina c Pandorina a, c a S pi r o c.y_r a, a, c Sta u ra a t r um a Chrysophyta Dinobryon a,b,e,d,e a Mallomona s a,b,c
' fanophyta Anaba ena a,c,d a b,d,e,f,g A pha nir.ome non a,c,d,e i d,e,f,g,h A phanothe ce e Coelo s nha e rlum c f Gomoho s phae rla a Lyngbya c b htte roc ys tis a, e a b,d,e,f,g Oscillatoria d a Rivula ria e a Euglenoph)h Eu gle na b, d ,
T rachelomona a a Pyr rophyta Ce ratium a, b, c Glcnodinium c Gymnodinium e Pe ridinium. a,c Cryptophyt C ryptomona s b,c,d a
- A.P.H.A. et al. (1971).
b Lackey (1950). c Rohlich and Sarles (1949). O d McKee and Wolfe (1963).
- Prescott (1968).
f Prescott (1962). 8 Gorham (1965). h Mackenthun et al. (1945). 4.0-152
Table 4.4-4. Summary of water temperatures and Station operating parameters during phytoplankton viability studies at Cooper Nuclear Station, August 1974-August 1975.a Water Temperatures ( C) % Turbine % of River Flow Capacity Diverted for Cooling Sampling Date Intake Discharge AT 68 3.0 26 August 1974 24.7 32.7 8.0 68 4.0 16 September 1974 17.7 24.5 6.8 9.5 81 2.9 28 October 1974 13.9 23.4 l J 92 4.0 18 November 1974 6.6 15.2 8.6 11.0 93 6.4 30 December 1974 0.0 11.0 14.5 14.5 98 5.2 h 20 January 1975 0.0 , 9.9 58 3.6 v ( 10 February 1975 0.5 10.4 2.7
~
cs m S. 2.1 16.1 1/. 0 79 3 17 March 1975 2.5 c' 3.6 18.4 14.8 97 21 April 1975 13.0 47 1.7 12 May 1975 21.0 34.0 7.7 45 1.4 16 June 19 75 19.5 27.2 5.5 44 2.0 14 July 1975 23.9 29.4 8.6 88 2.3 1 August 1975 26.8 35.4
^ Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc. (unpublished data) and Reetz (19~s 5 ) .
l 9 O O
T - O o O i between Comparison of mean carbon fixation rate and chlorophyll a concentrat on Table 4.4- 5. locations, Cooper Nuclear Station, August - December 1974.a Chjert'rby11 e (og thi e/mJ f
$1getficant carbee Finarice pate (eit C/m3 perStyntftrent kr.) 3 (P'U.05)
Locattem 1 Ittake Discherae Collection Bours After Intake Di sc h ar ge 1 (r<0.o!) 1 Date Colleetten 20.67 19.33 MS 24.00 22.00 1 D. 3; 1*3 W5 3G.33 21.67 17.00 139.86 163.50 26.00 M5 148.27 148.24 - 32.00 41.33 32.00 26 August 7 106.61 3.21 208.63 28.67 38.00 MS 24 161.79 384.06 3>1.1.D=1 43.23 54.33 50.67 247 29 323.31 45 197.64 262.15 MS 352.89 395.35 360.23 19.67 17.00 ms 72 20.33 23.00 1*D 3.1*p.3 1* 1.D .3 31.67 18.33 19.00 165.49 163.17 27.00 M.33 MS 163.73 195.37 15L.3 55.33 36.11 16 September 7 251.66 1*9.48 189.51 31.00 3&.33 ES 211,47 322.03 N5 42.33 42.33 24 390.58 303.02 43.33 49 325.02 226.36 KS 217.44 234.57 297.31 6.40 5.73 I*3.1*D.3 72 10.33 8.51 N5 87.70 55 16.03 14.70 16.00 94 35 93.50 21.00 24.33 us 7 0.00 93.03 1 1.3 33.00 29.33 ; 28 October B7.54 96.88 35.00 44.67 N3 o.s i 24 126.51 130.76 55 43.53 46.67 44.00 187.58 148.83 Z 48 197.52 306.03 55 334.78 322.46 7.R3 6.67 Ni 72 360.17 7.60 6.50 ws 24.08 D*1.1.3 10.93 10.90 10.10 18 November 7 26.30 27.48 43.76 32.88 40.73 50.47 3*D 12.10 12.60 11.37 10.63 10.50 15.77 55 55 g l 24 44.70 57.07 3*1.3.I*D 16.90 13.53 m 48.39 49.59 42.26 16.47 3 p 43 55.17 77.44 I>D.3>1.D N3
- 63.10 69.99 4.40 2.22 1.97 p 72 -
N5 5.11 5.43 f - 13.28 13.22 14.16 N1 55
- 6.50 7.50 7.93 7.27 ps Cf H 7 22.37 20.70 -
u . 30 3ecember - 21.77 ss 9.40 7.77 NS 24 28.c4 25.67 - 10.13
# - 25.90 33 4s 41.87 36.11
- 37.60 72
^ Data from Reetz (1975),
6
CNS - 316a 6 b 9
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pg e em e. e= C
- c. w.um... m.e +e e.,
QM .4 6 4 6 4 9 4 1 4 4 0 8 I I I 4 i o. e. m. e' * . m. c~. . e. in. o. e. PW q ooe em en e b. .64oN e5 o se M O.
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CNS - 316a & b Table 4.4- 7. Percent inhibition (-) or stimulation (+) of carbon fixation rate and chlorophyll a concentration recorded at the discharge and the predicted downstream ef fects of Cooper Nuclear Station August 1972 - August 1975.a Ca r Nin i t an t t eet (tc r eentJ_ Chiercr5y 11 f._ C micent s enondf1rng bownstreaa twn s t te am iaeplict Date His Otecharle Prediction Dischun e Predtetton
-6 -0.17 -6 -0.17 26 August 1974 7
-0.84 24 -
-- - 29 48 +31 +0.90 +29 *C.04 72 -9 -0 26 >7 -0.20
-15 -0.45 -14 -o 42 16 September 1974 7 24 -25 -0.75 -42 'l 26 48 -22 -0.66 - 34 -1 02
+0.78 0 ' 00
+26 72 7 1 -0.03 -25 +0.73 28 October 1974 -18 -0.52 24 +11 +0.32
&& -21 -0.61 -16 -0.46 72 -21 -0.61 -6 -0 17 7 +20 +0.50 +21 +0.84 18 November 1974 0.00 24 -7 -0.28 0 48 -15 -0.60 -6 -0.24 72 -21 -0.84 -20 -0.80 7 0 0.00 -49 -3.09 30 December 1974 24 +. +0 li -10 -0.63 48 +8 4 $t +6 +0.38 72 +11 +0,0, -7 -0.44 0 20 January 1975 24 48 72 7 +2)
+2
-2
+13
+1.20
+0.10
-0.10
+0.68
+12
-2
+2
-4
+0.62
-0.10
+0.10
-0.21
-6 -0.22 +27 +0.97 10 february 1975 7
-1. M 24 -4 -0.14 -36 48 -3 -0.11 + 32 +1.15 72 -9 -0.32 +23 +0.83 7 -17 -0.46 -19 -0.51 17 March 1975 -41 -1.11 24 -23 -0.62 48 -26 -0.70 -7 -0.19 72 -26 -0.70 -22 -0.59
-3 -0.08 +2 +0.05 21 April 1975 7
-0.08 24
. -0.15 -3 48 -10 -0.25 -10 -0.25 72 -11 -0.28 -7 -0.18 12 May 1975 7 -15 -0.26 -13 -0.22 24 0 0.00 -12 -0.20 48 +2 +0.03 -7 -0.12 72 -1 -0.02 +38 +0.65
-10 -0.14 -12 -0.17 '
16 June 1975 7
- -0.07 24 -6 -0.08 48 -7 -0.10
' -0.07 72 466 +0.92 +e +0.10
-17 -0.34 -17 -0. 34 14 July 1975 7
-0.10 24 -10 -0.20 -5 48 -6 -0.12 -le -0.36 72 -23 -0.46 +2 40.04 1 August )?5 1 -27 -0.62 -6 -0.14 24 -10 -0.23 -18 -0.41 48 +35 +0.81 -4 -0.09 72 +61 +1.40 +26 +0.60 O
a Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data) and Reetz (1975). 4.0-156
i CNS - 316a & b Table 4.4- 8. Percent composition of the major zooplankton groups upstream (P!' 534) and downstream (RM 532 - 526) of Cooper Nuclear station."
~
loca t i on RM 534 PJi 532 RM 530.9 RM 528 RM 526 Date 16 July 1974 15 18 29 18 19 Copepoda 9 12 16 10 12
lad oce ra 75 70 55 72 69 Rotifera 19 August 1974 16 20 25 17 Copepoda 14 4 4 6 3 Cladocera 2 84 80 76 69 80 Rotifera 18 September 1974 44 52 52 55 Copepoda 50 10 14 22 10 Cladocera 11 38 46 34 26 35 Rotifera 29 October 1974 94 Copepoda 93 93 96 93 2 4 3 Cladocera 4 5 2 2 3 3 Rotifera 3 18 November 1974 88 89 87 89 90 Copepoda 6 7 6 4 Cladocera 7 6
5 5 4 Rotifera 5 12 Ray 1975 65 68 65 71 67 Cepepoda 4 4 5 5 Cladocera 4 30 27 30 22 26 Rotifera 16 June 1975 8 8 8 9 Copepoda 7 6 8 8 S Cladocera 8 84 84 85 83 81 Rotifera 14 July 1975 27 27 2i 27 27 Copepoda 22 21 19 21 Cladocera 19 54 52 52 52 50 Rotifera
" ' tta collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data) and l Repsys (1975).
4.0-157
. --~ . _ . - _ _ . _ _ . -
CNS - 316a 6 b i
.. Table 4. 4- 9. - Shannon's species diversity indices for zooplankton collected during the ~ operational phase of the environmental monitoring 8
study at Cooper Nuclear Station June 1974 - June 1975 ; where S is the number of species, H 18 the diversity index and J is the evenness value. c Location RM 532 RM 530.9 RM 528 RM 526 Date 331534 16 19 22 18 June 74 S 20 20 1 1.3509 1.2828 2.1366 1.9541 11 1.1983: 0.2773 0.3126 0.3207 0.5030 0,.4522 J 22 12 23 16 July-74 S 21 18
-1.0618 1.5466 1.0313 1.1684 11 0.9412 0.3727 0.3092 0.3674 0.5004 0.3289 J
27- 25 '24 19
-19 Aug. 74 S 21 1.2205 0.7831 H_ 0.5957 0.8485 0.9237 0.2575 0.2870 0.3841 0.2660 J 0.1957 16 22 20
.18 Sep._74-S 23 15 1.6918 1.9748 2.3612 2.3251 ll 1.9987 0.7762 0.6248 0.7123 0.7639
\
-J = 0.6375
-14 21 16 17 29 Oct. 74 S 18 1.0294 1.0808-H 0.8959 1.0475- 0.9745 0.3693 .0.3382 0.3898 J- 0.3100 0.3698 26 26 26
~ 18 Nov. 74 S 28 29
.1.2150 1.2619 1.1972- 1.1825-1.2214'
'H 0.3630 0.3666 0.3609 0.3874 0.3675
-J-24 27' 26
- 12-May 75' S. -
25 29 2.3877 2.3036- 2.5806 2.3504 H. ~2.2461 0.4915 0.5025 0.5428 0.5001 J 0.4837 27- 32 30 16 June 75 S- 28 24 1.8775 1-9238 2.0910 2.0911: -i
- 11 1.5979 .
_'0.4262 ! 0.4'36 0.4095 0.4046 0.4182 J a Data collected by Industrial BIC-TEST Laboratories,'Inc. (unpublished data)' and
'Repsys (1975).
O 4.0-158
3 Table 4.4-10. Summary of water temperatures and Station operating parameters recorded during zooplankton entrainment studies at Cooper Nuclear Station, March - December 1974.
% No. of Water Temperature (*C) Turbine Circulating Intake Sampling "' ate Intake Discharge AT Plume Capacity , Water Pumps Flow (GPM) 20 March 4.5 6.3 1.8 4.6 7.0 2 325,500 24 April 16.2 16.2 0.0 16.2 0.0 2 325,500 22 May 20.5 23.0 23 20.5 25.0 2 325,500 19 June 24.5 32.0 7.5 24.5 49.0 2.. 325,500 31 July 26.0 31.3 5.3 26.5 50.0 3 488,250 Q
." 7 August 22.8 31.5 8.7 22.8 66.0 3 488,250 8 o u I w p } 25 September 18.0 27.0 9.0 18.3 93.0 3 483,250 17 Octcber 12.5 21.4 8.9 13.7 76.0 3 488,250 ,,$ 6F-20 November 7.0 17.0 10.0 9.5 97.0 4 2 December 1.5 10.3 8.8 4.5 85.0 4 ,
" Data from Iverson et al. (1975).
G 9 9
O O O Table 4. 4-11. Summary of water temperatures and station operating parameters during zooplankton entrainment studies at Cooper Nuclear Station, January-tugust 1975." l I Turbine No. Circulatin, Intake Water Temperatures ( C) Intake Discharge 8T Plume Capacity Water Pumps FIrn.r (GPM) Sarmling Dates 73.0 3 488,250 6 January 0.0 13.4 13.4 4.0
-C 2 ?25,500 3 February 0.6 12.8 12.2 84.0 3 438,250 3 March 2.0 15.5 13.5 - 100.0 99.0 3 488,250 10 April 5.5 17.0 11.5 7.0 17.8 50.0 2 325,500 8 May 17.5 26.1 8.6 n
2 325,500 E 24 June 20.0 27.5 7.5 20.2 50.0 t 84.0 3 486,250 w c3 11 July 27.0 32.6 8.6 27.2 ~ w s
- 88.0 4 651,000 8 31 Jr 27.4 35.8 8.4 28.4 88.0 4 651,000 1 August 26.8 35.4 8.6 27.6 I " Data collected by Industrial B10-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data).
I b Maximum capacity of each circulating water pump is162,750 CFM (362.5 cfs). C Location 3 (Plume) not sampled.
ill a
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Table 4.4+14. Predicted total effects of entrainment at Cooper !iuclesr Station on the viability of-rooplankton in the Missouri River, March through Deceeber 1974.8 I Zooplanktrm keerage
% River Flow No. of Irmotility Predicted River Flov I
at Cooper Nuclear Station through Circulating by % Kiver Flew Cooper Nuclear Station ' *a =t e r Pumps # through the Station Date (cfs) 2.14 2 0.16 20 !! arch 33800 1.62 2 0.02 24 April 44800 1.47 2 0.19 22 May 49200 1.81 2 0.06 n 19 June 40000 ! N ! 2.93 3 0.40 ;
,o 31 July 37100 ,
i o 5 2.91 3 0.43 b 7 Aus;ust 37400 E ] 8 0.64 o-25 Septerber 37900 2.97 3 e 2.93 3 0.19 17 October 37100 i 3.96 4 0.24 20 November 37600 6.50 4 0.56 2 Decceber 22300
^ Data from Iverson et al. (1975).
O O O
i l: i O O O ; I Table 4.4-15~. : Predicted ' total ef fects of entrain:nent at Cooper Nuclear Station on the viability of zooplankton in the Missouri River, January-August 1975.a ;[ l: i
% Zooplankton Average j River Flow % River Flow No. of Innotility Predicted 'I
- at Cooper Nuclear through Circulating by % River Flow l Date Station (cfs) Cooper Nuclear Station ' Water Pumps through the Station i
- j. 6 January -21800 4.98 3 0 20 !
i
- 3 February 22500 3.22 2 0.24 I
0.33 4 3 March 25200 4.31 3 2.41 10 April 45100 3 0.00 o 8 May 44500 1.62 2 0.10 5 1
- s
! 'o 24 Juae 72600 'O.99 2 0.12 m i' b 5 E 11 July 55200 1.97 3 0.04 8' e
31 July .62600 2.31 4 0.89 " i i 1 August 63400 2.28 4 0.78 l 1 L i'
- Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data).
i 7 1 i-f4 j
locations in the Table 4.4-16. Missouri River near Cooper Wuclear Station, June - November 1972. 1.oca t ion 526 5 30 528 Sampling 532 Date 535 Nitzschia dissipata b - 14 June cor-phoneca olivacetre Co-phonea.a parvulum Co,pbonema olivacetra Navicula vitabund.t Nitzschia dissipata Schfrcthrix esicicols Coephonema parvulur Nftzschin_trvblicoella Naviculy he dleri_ C uphanew pstw itm tbvicula I.eufleri Rhoicosphenia Survata_ Nitrechts acicularis_ 19 July Navicula heufleri Co-pho m s c?ivace'rt liittschia dissipata. Nitzschia dissipata Rholecsphenia_curvata Nitzschia fflifermis Phaicosphenia curvata - Kavicula graciloides Liddulphis Iaevis Coccanets diminuta Coccone f s d it-i not a, 16 August Cladghera glotnerata Cocconets_ placentula Nivicula_ [raciloides Navicula heufleri C<rphon*m angustatus Cc-phonm_ angust attru Comphonna parvulu s Navicula vitabenda Frazilaria pinuta n Fra; ilaria pinnata_ Cemphor+ma parvulus n m i Co phoness ang'istattrs Fragilaria_pinnata_ - Biddulphia_ laevis Biddulphia la-vfy , Biddulphia laevis _ Biddulphia laevis Cocconets placentula_ Cocceneis placentula U 20 September Coccoaels placentula Ehoicompbenfa_curvata Coceeneis placentula Cenpkme :a_ behemictim : D Froico*rbenta_curvata
?w Navicula gracilaides CN Biddulphia laevis Navicula graciloides ,
18 Octo%r Biddulphia laevis vi Frarilaria pinnata Biddulphia laevis Fragilaria pienata Navicula graciloides Cocconefs_placentula. Coccoceis_ diminuta Nitzschia filiformis Fragilaria pinnata Navicula graciloides Biddt:Iphia la-vis. 14 November Navicula graciloides Tracilaria pinnata fiavicula graciloide= Ge phenma olivacetrs Nit zschia f ilif or-is Fragilaria pinnata, Nitzschia scicularis_ Rho'.cenphenia curvata Navicula _c_r_ yp tocephala Gcephone-a behemicus - a Data from Farrell (1975). b Sanples net retrievable. i t O 9 9
u mtseu 525 Sampling 530 528 _ 534 532
!) Ce-rhon-a pa y Cwnhonera parvulum Cort ee** parvulma Fragt! aria _c m etry g 9 June Ge phoney pa rvt,1,m Go phee-a clivare+en Co phone-3 ol ivac eu-s Navicula.heefleri Tracilaria construens Melostra varians S t igeac l en ! m r ee
- f Coccone13 placentula Navicula heufIert 6hemem '_,chwice I 9 July p M !cula henfleri Navicula benfleri Stigeaclentrz tent,e Navicula viridula Navicula viridula Ceccencis placentula Cocconcis placen eula_
5 t i genc i nn iu-t terne Navicula heufieri Navicula heufferi Cladorhora glowrata Ravicula henfleri Cocconcis placentula_ 6 August Nav;cul.a henfleri Cocceneis placentula Coccencis placentula_ Coccon-Is placentola Ciadorbora glomerata_ On phone na bohemictre c' I,idjulphia J1evis Navicuin baufferi_ $ Cecconets dacentula, Cocconefs pi pentuta Stincoclonin-a tenue Navicul2,Feufleri, Coccanets placentn!m , 5 Septer6er N3vicula henfler! Clad,rbora gleeersta Navicula henfleri Go-phne-a b o t m c u-s Bik ulfhia laevis Ceferanium sp. Biddulphia Jarvin 3 Cla tpScra,gl w rata Biddulphra laevis Cl e rhera gI - rata rid 5 Iphia lac rig g Cetcenets pediculus Claderhora Q -erata Cladm nera riew raty [ e Naeicula heufleri e 7 m Cocceneis p!acentula - Ceccen-is plac#,tula Cocconets placentula_ Cocronefy placentula Stireccianty tenue _ Fragilaria constrw ns Ge g onema beb- icia 4 October F g ilaria construens Stitenclenine tenue Fracilaria en mtrueng Coccenets placentela Fl*ctonesa notatum Eid fuIrhia laevir E t M ul phi a inevis a:ddolrhia 13 avis Trarilaris censtruens Cocceneis pedicului Coccenets placentula - Navi c+ l a beuf f eri I Nove%er - Frag 11 aria construens Navicula benfleri , Nitzschia pales Stig.mcloni e tenue F.!ddulphia laevis Plectonema notattry 1 Data from Farrell (1975). b Samples not retrievable. l . l ~ Y 5 e 9 b n
Dominant periphytic taxa based on abundance or biovolure observed locations in the Table 4.4-18. Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June - November 1974.,at Location Saeplirg 523 SM 534 532 530 Date Fragflaria pinnata Tragilarf a ermstruens Nitzschia palei Ceccereis placentula Nitrechia scienlaris 4 June
'dt t eschia palea Fragilaria carecina Navicula radiosa tavicula radiosa Nitr< chia palea Coccot.eis placentula Nitzschia dissipata Pelosira gr.2nulata Navicula trip *metat1 b
Navicula henfleri N3vicula henfleri Nivicula beufleri 10 July N wicu'a b-ufleri Stephanm!!scus sp. Gm plemcma pir <ulum Eidfulphia iaevis Bilhiirhia laevis Gm phc ama sp. Spiregyra sp. g ircryra sp. BidJulphia laevis - Cocconcis placer:tula Ccccenets placentula - 15 August var. euclypta Coccnnels placentula var. englypts var. euglypta Cladophora sp. Ehoice*;phent3 curvata Phoicosphenia curvats Elddulphia 11cvis O Gmhemi sp. C5 Cocennets pediculus , 31ddolphia laavis a
# La O Navicula henfleri Piddulphia laevis -
e 29 September - [
$ Cocconels placentula f nicula h Sflerf p
" var eut ytta l Rheicosphenia curvata Biddolphia laevis Cocenr.e is place :* ula ~
var. euglypta Navicula henfleri Nwicula heufleri Navicula heufleri 2S October - Biddulphia laevis Biddulphia laevis Biddulphis laevis fil t :nchi a sp. Nft:schia sp. Mitzschia sp. 27 Novenber C m hanena olivaceum Naviculs heefferi liiddelplia laevis Biddulphia laevis Diato a vulgare Diatoma vuh are Nitzschia sp. Dittrea vulgare. Navicula henfleri_ Navicula haufleri N.1vico a beufferi Lynrbya sp. Diat ma vulgare Diato-i vulgare Nelos t ra va_r ians a Data from Farrell (1975). b samples not retrievable.
- O e
l 5 t
; . Table 4.4-19. Dominant periphytic taxa based on ' abundance er biovolume observed at locations in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station,
, June and July 1975
- l' i'
i; i SarJ11mg Seep t1=g I,mee ~1N l! e t. sn s12 sw srs 3:e r 1 sJ A ters - 11. r - .
' h eadra sp.
m.,sesta ste- te. Asterienella fernesa w .- - rarv=t== Naviesta sp. ac'a.- *,,1 - e.1.ra Compm ep. s w w ,1.~e t._ta . Co b -,pseveln j' Cycletella sp. fiddelphia leeete Stokulphts toevio Ch pervule's C--" -c sp. Cre tetella NecegSinfeca [ Cetemte plate =etsla Coetow t,pedtew!n, t war. Mga, i Ceecanets Qt**tute [ BiddelphisJo-vie war. ewgivyta g*j t
=: i
. 10 July insvients havfleet Witt,thfe op. Iaeviewle heef tert
- d ' - parvulve Reviewta bewfleet 3
.f-C--,, --__ pacewlae i- j
, w le,i1. ar ,s.ta 4 - r2e- nr,. .p.
e ; i O ! co $3 F sr. I t ' Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data). b
- l -
Sa-oles not retrievable.
- i
$ I i 'i i *
, t 1 !
i !
- i l
t t l' ; ia l. 1 i f 4 4 _.m _. . - _ , .- - _ _ , . _. _ ?
(Bacillariophyta. Table 4.4-20. Percent cotvosition of totel density and biovolurw* according to division Chlorophyta or Cyanophyta) of periphytic algae collected f rom artificial substrates in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June and July 1975.8 Sawilin g Lecat t an SM 530 529 Cyan. _ 532 Chl. Sampling _% 5 Cyan. Pac. Chl. Cyan. Pac. Cht. Cy m . Bac. Cyan. Esc. Chl. Date Bae. Chl. Dettsity 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 ( 100 0 0 100 5 June - - - I b 93 1 1
- - 91 <1' 7 10 July 100 <1 <1 -
Biovolume 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 5 June 100 0 0
*1 - - -
t
- 99 *1 1 97 3 95 5 *1 - -
e 10 July U t 5 w c
@ (unpublished data) .
^ Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. r b Samples not retrievable.
- A 9 b
1 y 0 0 l ' Density. (no./cm2) and biovolume- (pl/dm2) of periphytic algae collected from artificial I 4 Table 4.4-21. substrates in..the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June-Noven:ber 1973 and 1974.a { taocation 534 532 539 528 526 1, - _ Total T at al Total Tetal TMal D***lt? .. Blovolume *#nsity2 B twelum. Dene tty Biovalume pensit? Biovolwme j . Sampling . pen,gry Blavolume
, Date - (N n/c m2) ( 1/dm 2 9 gggy,2) (p l /dm2) (Na/cm ) (p t /dm2) (Nm/cm2) (p t /dml) U3n/cm2) (p t /dm2)
} l 1973 g 0.81 js 9 Jane '! 5586 0.85 582 9.51 3252 0.68 . - 6423 f ( 1.73 36310 2.06 19949 c.72 j 9 July . 76624 3.52 17525 1.2* ~ 2R546 } 27.n6 6 August 190152 24.59 163609 176.m8 356099 23.55 344579 55.33 220202 { 445745 160.43 80884 167.15 131465 106.36 21351 124.36 l 5 September 367611 108.83 o 260.81 40235 1.98 65111 13.59 85812 l'.'1 % 4 October - - 312859 s.ra s d' i November -- - 81473 9.76 139070 26.15 - - . , b O $ b [ M p 'l O 3974 i i 4 June 1124 0.06 1052 0.01 145 0.01 724 0.05 218 0. nl i 10 J-ily 653349 13.28 82059 1.62 324083 11.42 419457 21.25 - - i 15 August 122147 3AO.66 - - 257369 130.24 309458 104.35 - - i 28 September 364552 109.24 516480 609433 419.81 - - i1 - - 3 28 Octot>er - - 1481234 159.12 2282735 655.40 2121031 135.83 - - 1 7.9M 45I618 11.68 439056 96.&9 362337 32.14 329415 22.o? l 27 November 489599 1 1 .". Data from Farrell (1975). j b Samples not retrievable. 1 i. }
t 2 Table 4.4-22. Density (no./cm 2 ) and biovolume (pl/dm ) of periphytic algae collected from artifi, ial susbtrates in the Missouri River near Cooper fiuclear Station, June and July ~ 975.a
=*ritng tocation 579 5.%
534 532 530
~
-~ Total Total Tetal Total Total Biovolume Density Biovol w Densisy, B h,rolum Dec.stte Blevol e
%epling Densitg Stovolume Densi+z (31/d,2y (x ,,fe ,1 (,g fg 2)
(pl/de2) (tso ./cs') (A /de') (yto./cm2) (pl/dm 2) (%. f ei)
.t e _ (Mo./ce-)
4226*. 3.85 13213 0.48 12343 0.27 35870 5.64 18M50 lo.65 5 June 3699A 8.13 1052724 504.05 - - 10 July 5426 -4 242.9C - -
^ Data ccliected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc. (unpublished data). , . ,
b j Sarnples not retrievable. f ." w ? ~ ? O -
=-
O O e
i . I CNS - 316a & b i Table 4.4-23. Numbers of speeles (S). species diversity (111)", and evennesub f indices (E) f or peripbyton collected in the Missouri River near ' Cooper Nuclear Station. June - November 1973.c i Sampling Sampling, Date Lcention S 11 1 E __ 9 June 534 21 3.02 0.73 532 15 2.91 0.92 1 530 14 2.13 0.77 d 528 $ - _ _ 526 18 3.02 0.72 9 July $34 31 3.36 0.68 ] 532 22 2.64 0.59 530 17 2.78 0.68 . 528 15 2.55 0.65 526 10 2.03 0.01 l 6 August 534 32 2.73 0.55 532 26 3.32 0.71 530 35 3.04 0.59 528 24 2.86 0.63 526 19 0.95 0.23 5 September 534 33 2.61 0.52 532 23 1.90 0.42 530 20 3.39 0.79 528 21 2.80 0.64 526 25 2.89 0.62 4 October 534 - - - 532 29 1.89 0.39 530 15 2.83 0.73 528 17 1.76 0.43' 526 24 3.16 0.69 1-November 534 - - - 532 30 2.90 0.59 530 37 .3.14 0.60 528 - - -
$26~ - - -
i
.b
" Shannon (1948).
har (1968). c Data from Farrell (1975). d Sampics not retrievabic. 4.0-172 r
..-...=z.
~. . . . a. . _ . , . . . _ . . - -..-,- ..u-..._-........_,......-... .,..._. . -.
- CriS - 316n 6 b Table 4. 4-24. !'umbe rr, of spccles (S), e,pecies diversity (111)^, orad evenness D indices (E) f or peripnyton collected in the !!issc.uri River near Cooper tiuclear Station, June - 14ovember 1974.C Satnpling Sampling Date Location S Ill E 6 June 534 11 2.78 0.80 532 9 2.38 0.75 530 3 1.50 0.94 528 9 2.16 0.96 526 4 1.92 0.68 10 July 534 23 0.25 0.08 532 28 1.78 0.37 530 36 2.46 0.48 528 26 0.44 0.09 d . . 526 *- 15 August $34 24 2.61 0.56 532 - 530 26 2.49 0.54 528 28 2.25 0.47 526 - 28 September 534 - 532 51 1.71 0.44 530 50 2.29 0.59 528 56 1.62 0.40
$26 -
28 October $34 - - 532 35 0.39 0.11 530 40 0.37 0.10 528 33 0.28 0.08 526 - 27 tiovember 534 20 1.31 0.30
'32
, 47 7.53 0.46 530 33 2.66 0.53 528 49 3.15 0.56 526 38 2.65 0.51
. . _ . =. _
a Shannon (1448). Zar (1968), c
- Data from Farrell (1975).
d Samples not retrievable. 4.0-173 O
4 , CNS - 316a 6 b o Table 4.4-25. Number of 'ecica (S), species diversity (111)". and evenners b indices (E) for periphyton collected in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear St ation, June and July 1975. c Sampling Sam 711ng Date Location S 111 E 5 June $34 14 2.68 0.70 532 30 4.21 0.86 530
- 37 2.63 0.50 528 16 2.67 0.67 526 20 3.17 0.77 '
10 July $34 31 1.75 0.35 532 - d' - - 530 21 2.56 0.58 528 32 0.80' O.16 526 -- - - a Shannon (1948). . . b "ar (1068). 1 i c Data from Farrell (1975). d Samples not ratrievable.
, r l
l O 4.0-174 l
- ve v4*,=ww w=vw w v,,w-w+ e w,.www w mw - re vv*www.www v-vrw w e-w -
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) b t m i e 65 2202 mv 53939 87399 21 1 332 535780 3 7 8543 i o l N n 296250 o 46657 0031 80 e - i 61 7 03 123954 21 63 5 c t 0 1 121 1 1 43 ny 2 2 1 2 ! 2 1 a 3 2 1 2 47 37 30 el c 5 41 392 738315 d u o 95981 661 534 146479 i J L f 32695 306029 744391 n , 63551 24 4665 96245 on 1242 34 2 739 coi
% t 1
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/ l 03 391 2 c 5 0321 295540 mu 3280 7831 96 07 027
/ N 178043 1 7 258 g 0429 mr 1225 231 3 765
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) .
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. .9 .
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- - b re e r b r e o 4 t meb b re t meb rs 4
g s eb m t meb s eb m f e n 2 yut oe 3 s eb m 4 yut oe l i e 7 l gpt v 7 eyut oe 7 el gpt v ap e l t 9 u ueco 9 nl gpt v 9 n uuec o t m uuueco uJASON aa b T a S pa mD a 1 JASON 96084 1 1 21 1 1 JJASON 996541 1 J 05887 4 1 1 222 DS "b O P ? 0 v'
4 r [ O .O t
'i
., Table I .4 Mean biomass production (mg/m 2/ day f 95% confidence limit) of periphyton at locations j' in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, June and July 1975." ! j: i t' t i !
! Sampling Location j ?
Date 534 532 530 528 526 t 1. ] 5' June- 68.73 12.72- 188.53 34.65 144.89 37.79 53.02 ! 14.50 56.71 20.57 b i
- 229.81 .1 89.73 10 July -
100.93 i 38.42 369.72 175.74 - t t e l a Data. collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories Inc. (unpublished data). O b Samples not retrievable. G l
- i t
4 m3 , w [ M =
- - l 1
e 3 7 i i L [ i , 4 i i I = i I I i 1 , !' I ! t i 1 i ; m i_ !
C!iS - 316a 6 b Tabjc 4.4-28. Average AT for the three-veek period bef ore each periphyton collection in the Missouri River near Cooper liuclear Station in 1974 and 1975. I 14 umber of Days of Operation 1 iT or AT Recorded 1974 4 June 0.00 liot operating 10 July 5.75 8 15 August 9.08 16 - 29 September 10.26 17 28 October 14.85 19 27 liovember 14.51 21 1975 5 June 10.26 19 10 July 11.52 21 a Dif ference in ambient river temperature and discharge canal temperatures. O 4.0-177
CNS - 316a 6 b Table 4.4-29. Summary of macroinvertebrate occurrence in benthic and aufwuchs sattples from the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1972-74.8 1972 1973 _ 1974 . Autwuths tenthea Autvuchs Bentbon Aufvucha tawn Benthea Nematoda + + +
+
Unidentified Nematoda Aphasmidia Enoplida Dorylamidae + Nyrolaimua sp. Cobb Cnidaria + Hydrosos Hydroides ' Clavidae + + + + Cordylophora lacustrie Allman + Hydridae + + + + Hydra sp.. Linnaeus +
- Platyheiminthes Turbe11eria-Tricladida 1
'Planariidae +
+
Unidentified Planartidas + + Dureata sp. Citard liemertina Enopla Hoplonemertint
- Frostomatidae +
Prestoma rubrum (i.eidy) Bryoton
+ +
Unidentified Bryozoa Ectoprocta Thylactoiseesta Fredericellidae + + Fredericelle sultana, (Sumenbach) Pumatellidae + Hyaline11a punctata (Hancock) Entoprocta Unidentified Entoprocta. + Urnatellidae + + Urnatella gracilis Leidy Anneli4 011gochaeta P le*
- cpors En.; n raeidae
+ + + + +
Unidentf(ied Enchytraeidae C1ossoseolecidae Starranophilus sp. Benham + tialdidae Autophorus sp. .Schmarda + 5
+
A. Nreatus (Muller) + Chaetce nter diaphanus (Ctsi thuise n) t rero sp. Oken + +
+ + -+ + +
+
D. .d_ icit at a . Maller) (
+ + +
D. dorsalis Ferronniero + _+ +. + .+ Nais sp. (Muller) + # H. behnteri Michaelsen +
+. ;
N. bretscheri Michaelsen + + i N. communia. Piquet .
+
N. elir.tuis Muller
+
14 . pardalis Piquet + N. siffh Piquet .
+ +
Ophidonals r.erpentina (Muller)-
.+ + + +
j- , Parang f rict Hrabe 4.0-178
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6 A O O O O e g
CNS - 316a 6 b Table 4.4-29. Continued.
~
gW7 197) i.U' MML- _ i n n a _ _. h Ly d _ vn&L ^"f MM M'u" _ %n +
+ +
- f. (s!) "fttulane" gr. tovnes + +
I' (n ) *jli.tn# tta" gr . Eletier +
+ +
+
Procladium (3) sp. f.kuse ,
+
- 1. Qelletanynus) sp. (Kief f et) + +
+
P. Q.) 11L13ug (toev) + f eeyyni lu t ue sp. (kieffer) + + Fheocritolpfun sp. (Thienemann
+ +
6 Harnisch) + + + Rbeotanyj tty n sp. Bause
+
la.nJLu g s p . Meigen 4 +
+
lanytu,1 (Le) n.gorunetitennta Lublette + T. (en) punSJtipent'Is. Meigen +
+
- 1. (as) st ellat us Coquillett +
+ +
1anvtarsus op. Wulp + F.te f t e r +
.T Mentm,an31ffla ap. + +
Thienemannteyla group Tittkau + +
+
_T uesocladius op. (Eteffer) + K enoc h i r onomu n ( Anceus) t ecnionotus ($ay) Ceratopogonidae + + + Unidenti!!ed Ceratopotonidae + la}}?ry,1,s tib1atte Heiaen Dollt.hopodidae + Unidentified Dolichopodidae FApididae + +
+
Unidentified f atididae + +
!_lemerodromia sp. Meigen Ephydridae +
Neoscatella sp. Malinh 11pulidae 4 Unidentified Tipu11dae + Eexat oma sp. Latreille Mollusca Castropoda Pultnonsta
+ +
Physidae +
!!yun op. Draparnaud Peletypodh Heterodonta
+ +
Sphaertidae + Sphaelit tle op. Scopoli + S. transversum ($ay)
$6 129 103 d.0 121 NA Total Inc. 1973; Andersen and 8 Data co11ceted by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Recte 1975; Andersen 1975.
b ::ot available; only worra taxa identified. 4.0-183
l CNS - 316a 6 b O Table 4.4-30. Summary of signifi ant dif ferencea (P 10.05) in abundance of i selected macroinvertebrate taxa and total organisms arpong ; i locations sampled with Hilsenhof f artificial substrates near Cooper Nuclent Station, June. August, and October 1974.a . t Sampling Date ! Taxa 25 June 13 August 1 October D Caenis sp. ' 52B>534 - Ameletn sp. - 528>534 - llvdropsyche frisoni - 5282534 -
- 11. orris - 528>$34 -
Potamvia finva - - 528>$34 528>$34 , Mayatrichta ayama - $28>$34 - . Rheotanytareus ap. - 528 >5 34 - - Thienemannimyia Group -
$28>534 -
-Polypedilum (n ) "convictum" gr. 528>534 -
Total orp71ams - 528>534 -
" Data from Andersen (1975).
O b No significant differences (P 1 0.05) among locations. i 3 r 1 t o : 4.0-184
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Diversity indices ofs macroinvertebrate benthic organisms collected with Ponar dredge Table 4.4-33. f rom sediments in the Missouri River near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1973 and 1974. Diversity Index RM 528 KM 326 RM 534 RM 532 RM 530 1973 1974 1973 1974 1974 1973 1974 1973 1974 Sampling Date 1973 2.19 2.24 1.50 1.33 2.28 1.27 C 1.72 2.16 21 June 1973/ 2.28 25 June 1974 1.73 2.13 1.45 2.46 2.35 1.99 24 August 1973/ - 1.92 1.97 1.98 i 13 August 1974 1.41 1.86 2.07 1.59 1.73 2.04 18 October 1973/ - 1.10 - 1 October 1974 O en t z~ v g
, a :tean d of 3 replicates (Wilha and Dorris 1968). 5 i s b Data from Andeisen (1975).
c [ Numbers too small to accurately calculate. , 1 O O n
. -. . - . .- - . . .-.- - . . - _.- .-. . ..e...-.
CNS - 316a & b j_.
~
Table 4.4-34. -Aquatic macroinvertebrates of documented nuisance potential or with potentially precarious life cycles which have been collected from the Missouri River near Cooper Nucicar Station, j 1972-75.
~
i Precarious Taxon Nuisance Potential Life Cycle Bryozoa Phylactolacmata Fredericella , a Arthropoda Ephemeroptera - Ephemera- a b, c Ephoron a b, c Hexagenia- a, d Ephemerella b, e Brachycercus b Anepeorus b Baet. e e Isonychia b Plecoptera l Pteronarcys e :l Trichoptera-l Cheumatopsyche f e 1
-% Hydropsyche f e I
Potamyia f Diptera j
-Simuliidae n, g, h Chironomus 1, j , k , 1 -1 Glyptotendipes- i !
Tanypus j Tanytarsus e
- Pennak (1953).
b Lehmkuhl (1972). C Britt-(1962), d Fremling (1968).
" Nebecker (1971).
f Fremling (1960).
~
E Stone (1964). h Davies et al. -(1962) . i Beck and Beck (1969). j Eay (1064). k Hilsenhoff (1966). . 1 Hilsenhoff ar.d Narf (1968).
'4.0-188 i
,gv - m --
*W- e- --'
CNS - 316a & b i Table 4.4-35. Scientific and common names of fishes reported from the Missouri River between Gavins Point Dam and Rulo. Nebraska.a All species were encountered in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station except those indicated. Common Name Scientific Name b Ichthyomyzon castaneus Chestnut lamprey Silver lampre b Ichthyomyzon unicuspis Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens Pallid sturgeonb Scaphithynd us albus Shovelnose sturgeon Scaphithynchus platorynchus Paddlefish Polyodon spathula . Longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus Shortnose gar Lepisosteus platostomus Bowfin Amia calva American eel Anguilla rostrata Skipjack herring Alosa chrysochloris Cizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum Goldeye Iliodon alosoides Northern pike Esox lucius Goldfishb Carassius auratus Carp Cyprinus carpio Western silvery minnow flybognathus argyritis Plains minnott flybognathus placi tus Speckled chub Ilybopsis aestivalis Sturgeon chub b Evbopsis gelida Flathead chub liybopsis gracilis Sicklefin chub Evbopsis mecki Silver chub liybopsis storeriana Emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides - River shiner Notropis blennius Common shiner b Notropis cornutus Bigmouth shiner Notropis dorsalis Red shiner Notropis lutrensis b Notropis shumardi Silverband shiner Sand shiner b Notropis stramineus Topeka shiner Notropis topeka Suckermouth minnow Phenacobius mirabilis Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Creek chubb Semotilus atromaculatus River carpsucker Carpiodes carpio Qu111back b D " "YP"'""" liighfin carpsucker Carpiodes velifer White sucker Catostomus commersoni Blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus Ic tiobus bubalus Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus Ictiobus niger Black buffalob O 4.0-189 e
CNS 316a & b
- Table '4J4-35; Continued.
Common Nane Scientific Name
. Golden redhorse Moxostoma crythrurum Shorthead redhorse Moxostoma macrolepidotum-
- Blue catfish b- Ictalurus furcatus Black bullhead letalurus melns Yellow bullhead letaluras natalis Brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Stonecat Noturus flavus Tadpole madtom b Noturus gyrinus. ,
Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris Burbot Lota Iota Plains killifish Fundulus kansae-White perch Morone-americana White bass Morone chrysops Green sunfish Lepomis cyane11us Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus Orangespotted sunfish Lepomis humilis
. Bluegill Lepomis macrochin us Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui Spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus R
- Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides-White crappie- Pomoxis annularis Black'erappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus Iowa' darter -Etheostoma exile Johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum Yellow perch Perca flavescens
' Log perch Percina caprodes-Sauger Stizostedion canadense Walleye- Stizistedion vitreum vitreum Freshwater drum Aplodinotus-grunniens- ,
a Data collected by Gould and. Schmulbach'Q973), _ Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc .- Q971, .1972, -197 3) . Morris'(1971), Stuckey (1972), Szmania and Johnson (1975a), Patulski (1975a) and G. Cada (unpublished data) . b .In'dicates those . species not collected in the immediate vicinity of Cooper-
-Nuclear Station.
O I 4.0-190 _ _ - . . . - - _ . _ ~ . . _ , _ . . _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ __ . . ~ _ _
l CNS - 316a & b l l1 l' O Tabic 4.4-36. Relative seasonal abundance of fishes collected in the vicinity of Cooper Nuclear Station.8 Se asonal OccurrenM Ove ra ll Species D Sumer Fall _ Occurrecce String scientifte hame Uom on Name R R R R Shovelnose sturgeond jgayhtrhynchus platorynchus UC R R R Polyndon_ matbula. R R Paddlefish 1.episosteus osseus UC R UC Longnose gar UC UC UC Shottnose gar 1.episosteus riscostomus R R R R Bowfin Amia. c alva R R d R Antutila rostrat.a, R R Ametican eel Alosa chrysochloris R R A Skipjack herring U A A Dorosoma, cepcot anum C Cittard shadd MA UC C Coldeye Etodon alosoides R UC UC UC ison lucius C MA MA Nortgsr- pike Cyprinus carpto A A Carp A A A Silvery minno# Hybornathus nuchalis R UC UC UC Speckled chub Hvborsts aestivalts UC LC C UC Plathead chub Hvboosts gractits UC C C C Hvbopsts storettana MA Silver chub d Notropts atherinondes MA MA A MA Emerald thiner Notropts blennius MA MA MA UC River shiner Notropia dorsatts UC UC UC MA Bigmouth shiner MA C MA Red shiner Notr+tts luttensis MA UC C C Notrepts_etramincus R R Sand shiner R R Suckernouth sinnow Phenacobtus mirabtits UC UC UC Pteephales prometas UC R Tathead minnoe R R R Creek chub Sesottius stremaculatus MA MA MA A River carpoucker Ca_rModes c arpio R R R R Quillback Carntooes evertnus R R R R White sucker Catostomus commersent UC UC UC Cveleptus.etca stus, R UC Blue sucker d UC UC UC Smallmouth buffalo Ictiodus_ bubalus UC UC UC Icttobus evprinelius UC Bigmouth butfalo R R R R Moxostoma erythrurum UC UC Colden redhorse Toxos t oma ma c rolep sdot'sn UC UC UC thorthead tedhorse UC R R Black bullhead Ictalurus melas R R R R Yellow bullhead !ctalurus natalis R R R R Brown bullhead d Ictaturus nebulosus UC C C Ictalurus punctatus C R Channel catfish R R R Stonecat Noturus flavus UC UC UC UC Flathead catfish d Pviodierts oitvaris R R R R turbot Lota loca R R R R Plains killifish FundaII2Tkansae R R R R White perch Morone americana UC UC UC UC Uhtte bass Morone entvants UC UC UC mis evanellus UC Green santish d Lepenis gibbonus R R R R Pumpainseed R R R Lepoets humilin R Orangespotted sunfish UC UC UC Lepomis sacrochirus UC Bluegill R R R R Smallmouth bass Mteropterus dolomteui R R R Micropterus.punctulatus R Spotted bass UC UC UC Micrepterus salmoides UC Largemouth bass UC UC UC UC Wite crapple d Pomoxts annularis UC UC UC Pomons nieromaculatus UC Black crappie d R R R R Iowa darter Ettenstoma exile P R R R Johnny darter Etheostnma nittum R R R R Yellow perch Perca flavescens R R R Peretna caprodes R UC UC C Legpergh 5ttrestedton canadense UC R Sauger UC R R Walleya setras tuton vitreun C C C Aplodtnotus grunniens UC Treshwater drum Inc. (1971, 1972, 1973), a Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Morris (1971), Stuckey (1972), Patulski (1975a), Szmania and Johnson (1975a) and G. Cada (unpublished data). 4.0- 191
l CNS - 316a & o O: Table 4.4-36. Continued.
-- b Code: A = Abundant . (>10% of catch)
MA- = Moderately _ abundant (5 to 10% of catch) C = Common (1 to 5% of catch) UC =-Uncommon (0.1 to 1% of catch) R = Rare (>0.1% of catch) C Season Spring - = May, June or Temp.1, 69 F Summer - = July, August or Temp.> 70 F Fall- = October, November or Temp. 5,69 F Winter = (No data'~available) d Recommended species to be utilized in this report.
- Includes the plains minnow (Hybognathus placitus) which was not separated from the silvery minnow in_most of the collections.
10 i e l l 4.0-192
Table 4.4-37. Surface water temperatures (C) and associated AT's recorded during each fish sampling period near Cooper Nuclear Station, 29 July 1974 - 14 July 1975.a Sampling 29 22 27 29 25 13 17 14 Location July August September October November May June July 534N 27.7 25.6 18.2 14.3 4.8 18.0 21.4 24.6 534M 27.7 25.4 18.2 14.1 5.0 18.2 21.5 24.6 532N 32.6(4.9)b 34.5(8.9) 25.2(7.0) 20.4(6.1) 10.6(5.3) 25.3(7.3) 28.4(7.0) 30.2(5.5) n 532M 27.5 - 18.1 14.3 4.8 18.2 20.9 24.4 5
?
g 530N 27.8(0.1) 26'0(0.4)
. 18.3(0.1) 15.3(1.0) 5.5(0.7) 18.6(0.6) 20.5(-0.9) 25.2(0.6) w 530M 27.1 24.9 17.6 14.2 4.5 18.1 20.3 24.2
- o-
" Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data) and Szmania and Johnson (1975a).
b AT. c Temperature not recorded. L t 9 9 9
O o O each location, Cooper Nuclear Tabic 4.4-38. Total number and density of fish larvae collected at Station. 13 May - 1 August 1975.a No . o f
% Circulating Operating Water Density Temperature Total Number Level Pumps b of Larvae (No./100m3 )
Location (C) 44.3 2 12 12.41 13 May Intake 12.1 1.29 12.4 1(2 eggs) 2 26.5 2 95 77.36 27 May Intake 20.4 58.32 20.4 41 2 ~ 45.0 3 21 25.58 g 5 June Intake 20.0 7.00 4 m Discharge 28.2 8.11 5 5 2 20.0 16.50 21.6 18 Ef 3 f- 44.6 2 g-7' 17 19.06 Intake 19.5 , g 13 June Discharge 27.4 15 19.07 e 3 3.9 2" 19.2 9.12 9 3 21.0 44.9 2 27 25.60 18 June Intake 20.2 11.40 20.3 10 2 43.7 2 64 108.67 27 June Intake 24.7 98.27 Discharge 32.7 67 53 82.95 2 24.6 93.86 46 3 26.0 43.3 3 71 111.64 1 July Intake 26.3 56.29 40 Discharge 32.1 125.63 82 2 26.2 73.28 27.5 64 3
Table 4.4-38. Con t ir.ut d . No. of
% Circulating Temperature Total Number Density Ope rating Water Location (C) of Larvae (No./100m3) Leve l Pumps 15 Tuly Intake 23.2 62 69.46 44.3 3 Discharge 29.0 17 25.72 2 23.2 21 29.04 3 24.4 11 16.80 31 July Intake 27.0 25 25.07 2 27.5 9 5.63 1 August Intake 27.4 5 3.88 78.3 4 g Discharge 35.7 3 2.32 tn 2 27.2 1 1.87 e
? 3 28.2 4 3.31 w 5 5 v o-
" Data collected by Industriel BIO-TEST Laboratories. Inc. (unpublished data).
b Maximum capacity of each circulating water pump = 162,750 GPM or (362.5 cfs). O O O
3 ,2
.i
! L.;
' Table 4.4-39. Summary o'f numbers ,'of species of fish collected at~ each sampling location by ;
l electroshocking near Cooper Nuclear Station, May - July 1975.a - j. I 532M 530N 530M' Total. Species 534N- 534M 532N l --
- - - 1.
- 1 Paddlefish - - 3
- 1 2- -
Longnose gar 8 2 1 - .12 Shortno-e gar
- 1
- 1 - 3 1 - 1 American eel 24 10 32 9 -91 1
'7 9
. Gizzard shad 6 9 20 8 59' Goldeye 12 4 8- 33
~
26 186 11 36 72
' Carp 37 58 17 50 39 219 g.
River carpsucker, 18 2 5 m 1 1 - 1 Smallmouth buf f alo -
.1 1 - 13 5 6
*- Bigmouth buffalo -
2 - 1 1 6 w
- 2 o Channel catfish - 2 8' f 'l l' 5 -
h Flatl.ead catfish 1 3 - 10 .j
- 1 5 ,
j m White bass 1 - - - 3 , 1 1 i Bluegill - 1 - 4 1 2 Largemouth bass -
- - = 2
- - 2 White crappie- 3 - 7 1 .- 3 -
Black crappie,, 6 2 T 2 18
- 'l Sauger 1 2 7 21 l 3- 5 3
- j. Freshwater drum 51 156 96 671 54 107 207 Total a Daca collected by-Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data).
r-r5 g w,1wr- s ir-.---,---.m=4iw- -
.,#.w: r-a.-<w.- g 7-e y, w,. ,< . . -- ,v ,. .. .a-t.... -e-,- -w -- m .- -.m 4 1 +-i
q i Table 4.4-40. Summary of numbers of each species of fish collected by seining at each sampling location near Cooper Nuclear Station, May - July 1975.a,b 9ecies 534N 534M 532N 532M 530N 530M Total Longnose gar 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Goldeye 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Gizzard shad 0 1 6 0 0 0 7 Carp 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 Western silvery minnow 0 0 2 0 2 0 4 Plains minnow 10 4 26 1 4 4 49 Speckled chub 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 n Flathead chub 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 5 e Silver chub 0 5 1 4 1 0 11 : o Emerald shiner 7 1 14 25 1 21 69 v 0 River shiner 7 4 13 8 30 1 63 5 8 Red shiner 5 2 11 10 16 15 59 Sand shiner 3 3 6 4 12 0 28 Bigmouth shiner 3 0 2 0 1 3 9 Fathead minnow 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 Carpsucker species 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 River carpsutker 3 0 0 0 1 0 4 Channel catfish 3 0 2 1 4 3 13 White bass 0 1 5 1 0 1 8 White crappie 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Sauger 2 0 2 0 0 0 4 Freshwater drum 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 Total 44 25 95 55 78 51 348 a Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data). b seining was not conducted at Location 534N and 530N during July. 9 9 9
(-. g-g t'~~N b U May - November 1974.aV of tagged fish near Cooper Nuclear Station, Table 4.4-41. Recapture and movement __ Movement Total Total Number of Fish Tagged _ No Mumber Number Location __ Tagged Recaptured Movement _Across Upstream Downst Species $34N 534M 532N 532M 530N 530M -
- 2 -
- 1 1 2 Lengnose gar -
- 2 -
- 4 -
Shortnose gar -
- 1 1 -
2 12 - GizzartlshaI - 1 1 3
- 7 4 1
- 1 Goldeye - 2 -
2 1 1 1 253 3 - Northern pike 41 33 34 - 13 61 71 35 Carp b 6 9 11 - 7
- 2 7 River carpsucker 2 1 -
2 -
- O 2 -
6 - Smallmouth buffalo 1 4 -
- 1 10 5
Bigmouth buffalob 1 8 - 1 -
- t 1 5 -
Channel catfish b 2 2 - 1
- v Flathead catfish -
- 1 19 4 3 1 1
- 5 P Khite bass 1
15 1 4 2
? Lu ;emouth bass
- 3 3
- 11 -
[ b 2
- 6 -
3
$ White crappie b - 1 1
- 1 3
- Black crappie -
- 1 -
1 1 - 11 2 Bluegifl 1 5 2 - 1 -
- 4 -
Sauger 1 0 3 3 2 Freshwater drum 392 12 7 55 57 55 34 78 113 Total Nuclear Station.
" Data from Szmania and Johnson (1975a).
b Representative important species in the vicinity of Cooper e d
3 Table 4. 4-42. Recapture and novement of tagged fish near Cooper Nuclear Susi. ion, May - July 1975." Num of Fish Tagged Total Total Movement Loca ti on Number Number No Species 534N 534M 532N 532M 530N 530M Tagged Recaptured Movement Across Upstream Downstren. Shortnose gar . 1 - 1 - - - - - Goldeye - - - - - - - 1 1 Carp 8 28 50 6 22 20 134 5 2 - - 3 River corpsucker 4 - 2 6 9 6 27 1 - 1 - - Smallmouth buffalo - 1 - - - 1 2 - - - - - Bigmouth buffalo - - 3 1 - - 4 - - - - - n Channel catfish - - 1 - - - 1 - - - -
-g
& Flathead catfish - - 4 - - 1 5 - - - - - 'o Bluegill - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - .L White crappie - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 g m $ Black crappie - - - - 2 - 2 - - - - - e Sauger - - - 1 1 2 4 1 - - 1 - e Total 12 30 60 14 35 30 181 9 3 1 1 4 Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laborateriea, Inc. (unpublished data). 9 9 9
- . - - ~ - . . . - . ~ - - . ~ - - - . . . .. - . - - - _ -
-CNS - 316r. 6 b JO Table 4.4-43. Comparison of mean total lengths of selected species collected near Cooper Nuclear Station, May 1973 - July 1975.a Mean Total Length (nm) at Last Sampling Period Year. Age Group Collected 0 I II III IV V VI 4- Species-37 b D - -
-White bass 1975 163 - - -
1974 130 160 -- - - 158b _ _ _ 1973- -142 _ Bluegill 1973 - - 113 160 - - - - b C C 0 0 1974 .52 -105 95 150 170 c 135- - -
.1973- - 90 138 -
Largemouth bass 1975 - - 208 290 - - b 290 330 410 - 1974 - 150 250 d . 1973 130 191 276 309 _ .. White crappie 1975 - - 200 235 - - 1974- 80 140 225' -276 280 - - d d c C 175d- 270 300 - 1973 98 210 250 Oi ' Black crappie- 1975 -- - 159 190 203-200 210' 1974 - 142 d c d - ' 1973 101- 180 175 220 - - 1975 - 202- 360 434 515 - - Sauger 71974 .200 290C- -- 410 450 .478 - d '440- 520 - - 1973 175 325 :375 1-1975 162 292 325 -- - - Freshwater drum =-
'278" 350 h 460 1974 130. 223 28t; 300 '323
-1973 130 231 260~ 268 D -
a Data c.ollected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data),
- Patulski (1975a), and Szmania and Johnson (1975a).
Collected only.during May - July. [- C Collected only during August - Septeraber. [ d Collected only during October. O 4.0-200 l
,- .. - r e.... , - . - - . - _
s 1971." Table 4.4-44. Recapture and movement of ' tagged fish near Cooper Nuclear Station, ! Up and Down Down and No Across Up Total Across River Across Movement River River Species Number b 4 4(100)C l Carp Shorthead redhorse 1 1(100) 3 2(66) 1(33) 1(11) Smallmouth buffalo g(gg) b 9 Sauger Coldeye 1 1(100) River carpsucker 12 9(75) 3(25) g b 6 3(50) 3(50) Gs Flathead cat 3(13) Gizzardshad(ish 24 21(88) Drum 2 2(100) u, f 1 1(100) ; c) Blue sucker ",
$2 10(16) 1(2) e O Total fish 63 52(83) e 10 10 4 Total species C. R. Wallace, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (unpublished data).
Nuclear Station. b Representative important species in the vicinity of Cooper C lercent of recaptured tagged fish.
- O e
1. i O O 0 '
?
4 I-3 Table 4.4-45. Recapture and movement . of tagged '. fish : near. Cooper Nuclear Station,_1974.8 I'
- f. Total. No Across. Up' Up and Down Down and I Species Number Movement River' River- Across- River Across !
!- l l- Carp b 135 115(85) " 14(10) 2(1)' 1(1) 2(1) 1(1) i Largemouth bass '22 .20(91) 1(5)- 1(5). .t i River carpsucker b 17 13(76) 2(12) 1(6)- 1(6) l Flathead' c'atfish 9 6(67) 2(22) 1(11) ! Shorthead redhgrse 6 6(100) ! 1 Black crappie 5. 4(80). 1(20) t { Goldeye 4 2(50) 1(25) 1(25) Q '} j Freshwaterdrgm 4 3(75) '1(25) " i
~
- Gizzard shad
. 3 2(67). 1(33) 8 4
f ? Sauger b 2 1(50) 1(50) u I l g Smallmouth buffalo 2 1(50) 1(50) p : N Shortnose gar } b 2: 2(100) , _ j White crappie- 2 2(100)- Channel catfishb
~ t 1 1(100) t White bass 1 1(100) f 4 Total fish 215. 179(83) 21(10) 4(2) 1(0.5) 6(3) 4(2) 4 i Total. species 15 15 6 3 1 5 4
, i ! C. R. Wallace, Nebraska Ga:ne and Parks Commission (unpublished data). f b Rt presentative important species in the vicinity of . Cooper Nuclear Station. - i
' Percent of recaptured. tagged fish. [
i , l 4 r S I d
. . .- . .- .. =.- - + .-
4 Table 4.4-46. Densities (No./100 m 3 ) of larval fish collected at the Intake and Location 2 during each sampling period near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1975.a Percent Larval Density Total of Mean 2 7 May 5 June 13 June 18 June 27 June 1 July 25 July 31 July 1 August Density Total Density Srecies 13 May Intake Gizzard shad 0 0 0 0 0.94 0 n 0 0 0 0.94 0.19 0.09 Goldeye 0 2.44 0 1.12 1.90 0 0 0 0 0 5.46 1.14 0.55 Cyprinidae 1.03 0 1.24 2.24 18.97 5.09 4.71 4.48 11.03 2.33 31.10 10.67 5.11 Carp 3.10 7.44 0 1.12 2.P5 15.28 0' 1.12 4.01 1.55 31.47 6.57 3.15 Catostomidae 0 27.69 1.27 5.61 0 39.06 31.45 34.73 0 0 139.76 29.19 13.98 White sucker 1.03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.03 0.21 0.10 Ictiobus sp. 0 4.07 19.43 6.73 0 0 0 0 0 0~ 30.28 6.32 3.03 Morone sp. 0 0 0 0 0.94 1.70 0 0 0 0 2.64 0.55 0.26 Percidae 0 1.63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.63 0.34 0.16 O Stizostedion sp. 0 0.81 0 1.12 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.93 0.40 0.19 G
. Walleye 2.07 4.89 2.44 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.40 1.96 0.94 i 0 0 0 1.12 0 35.66 66.05 25.77 10.03 0 138.63 28.95 13.86 fbaDrum Unidentified 5.17 33.39 1.22 0 0 11.83 9.43 3.36 0 0 64.45 13.46 6.45 y
o m v Total 12.40 77.36 25.58 19.06 25.60 108.67 111.64 69.46 25.07 3.88 478.72 ,, Location 2 Goldeye 0 4.17 0 2.60 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.77 2.07 0.68 Cyprinidae 0 1.39 1.62 0 5.70 0 13.79 6.91 3.13 1.87 34.41 10.52 3.44 Carp 1.29 2.78 0 0 3.42 23.48 1.54 1.38 0 0 33.89 10.36 3.39 Catostomidae U 20.86 0 1.30 1.14 21.91 30.64 11.07 0 0 66.92 26.59 8.69 Ictiob_us sp. 0 4.17 4.87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.04 2.76 0.90 Merene sp. O C 0 0 0 1.57 0 0 0 0 1.57 0.48 0.16 D ruc 0 0 0 0 0 15.65 68.94 9.68 2.50 0 96.77 29.60 9.68 Unidentified 0 23.65 1.62 0 1.14 20.34 10.72 0 0 0 57.47 17.58 5.75 Total 1.29 57.02 8.11 3.90 11.40 82.95 125.63 29.04 5.63 1.87 326.84 Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data) . 9 9 9
.. -i O O.. ..LO- 1 U
3 Table 4.4-47.- Comparison of the mean density . (No./100m ) and percent abundance of. larval fish-collected at the Intake and Location 2 near Cooper Puclear Station, 1973-1975.* , i F < Intake' Location 2 i 1973 1974 1975- 1973 1974 1975 Mean Fercent. .Mean Percent Hean Percent Mean Pe rcent Mean Percent Mean Percent Species Density 'of Total Density of Total Density >f Total ' Density of Total'* Density of Total Density of Total -- Gizzard shad 2.26 5.1' O.56 '1.6 0.09 0.2 4.03 5.8 'O.88 3.5 0 0 . Coldeye 0 0 0 0 0.55- 1.1' O 0 0 0 0.68 2.1- , Cyrpinidae: 0 . 0 0 0 5.11 10.6 0 0 0 0 3.44 10.5 -
. Carp -1.24 2.8 1.31 3.8 3.15 6. 6, 1.16 1.9 0.90 3.6 3.39 10.4 ,
Notropis sp. 6.42 14.4 4.5G 13.3 0 0. 8.43 12.0 1.31 5.3 0 0 Catostomidae 0 0- 0 0 13.98' 29.2 0 0 0 0 8.69 26.6 , River carpsucker 0.26 0.6 13.30 38.9 0 0 0.04 0.1 10.14 40.7 0 0 -! L1 ite sucker. 0.05 0.1. 0.68 2.0 0.10 0.2 0.25 0.4 0.16 0.6 0 0 , Ictiobus sp. 0 0 1.33 3.9 3.03 6.3 0 0 0.54 2.2 0.90 2.7 Moxostoma sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.53 0.8 0 0 0 0 Q , 0 0 0 0.26 0.6 0 0 0 0 0.16 0.5 -cn Morone sp. 0 . . , '
- White bsss
. 0.24' O.5 0.28 ' O.8 0 0. 0.13 0.2 0 0 0 0 e. !
o Lepomis_ sp. 0.13 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.71 1.0 0 0 0 0 w w Percidae 0 0 0 'O 0.16 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 g.- 0 0 0 0 0 to
$ Yellow perch 0.03 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 -
Logperch 0.03 0.1 'O O O -O. 0.05 0.1 0 0 0 0 m Stizostedion sp. 0 0 -0 0 0.19 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 c. r
; sauger 0.72' 1.6 0.58 1.7 0 0 0.45 0.6 0 0 0 0
- Walleye " 'O' O O O . 0.94 2.0 0 0 0.13 0.5 0 0 .
'l Drum 31.21 70.2 11.15 ' 32.6 - 13.86 29.0 52.66 75.1 10.52 42.2 9.68 29.6 ! 4 Unidentified -1.85 4.2 0.43 1.3 6.45 13.5 1.42 2.0 0.35 1.4 5.75 17.6 l
" Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data), and Patuiski (1975a,'1975b).-
1 e a k
+ , --
..a - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e
Tabic 4.4-*8. Chi-square analyses of fish larvae mortalities resulting from condenser passage (Intake vs. Discharge), Cooper Nuclear Station, 1975.a Intake Dis charge Number Number Percent Number Number Percent Differential Significant Date Living Dead Mortality Living Dead Mortality Mortality X' (P10.05) 5 Jcne 3 18 85.7 3 1 25.0 *b 6.7904 S C 13 June 10 7 41.1 8 7 46.6 5.5 0.0976 NSd 27 June 3 61 95.3 1 66 98.5 3.2 1.1287 NS 1 July 29 42 59.1 11 29 72.4 13.4 1.9768 NS 0 w 15 July 17 45 72.5 7 10 58.8
- 1.1938 NS
. i ? 1 August 0 5 100.0 3 0 0 0 e - u 8 8' e. c-
'] Data collectcd by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data) .
Iligher mortality at the intake than at the discharge. C Significant. d Nonsignificant.
" Insuf ficient sample size for X2 analyses.
9 O O
CNS - 316a & b l 2
. Table 4.4-49. Chi-square analyses (X ) of fish larvae mortalities as a result of condenser passage, Cooper Nuclear Starfon, 1974-1975.a 1 Intake Discharge Number- Number Number Number Significance 2
Date Livin g Dead Living Dead X (P10.05) 6 6.86 b 11 June 1974 5 24 6 S E16 July 1974' 11 40 1 37 6.98 S 4 29 July 1974 2 13 0 1- 1.21 NSC 20 May 1975 15 8 1 12 16.53 S , 10. June'1975 3 17 6 7 7.60 S 17 June 1975 2 20 2 8 0.42 NS 8 July-1975 28 37 0' 20 13.44 S
.. a g, Cada,' University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska (unpublished data).
-Significant.
c Nonsignificant. 4 i s l.o 4.0-206
CNS - 316a 6 b 2 Table 4.4-50. Chi-square analyses (X ) of fieh larvac mortalities as a result of condenser and thermal plume passage, Cooper Nuc3 car Station, 1974 and 1975 ^ Ir.t ( ke----,-- l' Isot he rm Number llumber Number Number ., Significance Date 1.tving Dead Living Dead v (Ps0.05) 29 May 1974 2 0 3 2 0.45 NSb 11 June 1974 5 74 1 9 0.04 NS 3 July 1974 56 151 60 96 9.72 'SC 16 July 1974 11 40 12 63 1.07 NS 6 May 1975 4 8 1 0 0.13 NS 10 June 1975 3 17 7 30 1,74 NS 8 July 1975 18 187 29 63 56.58 S " G. Cade, Uuiversity of Nebraska, l.incoln, Nebraska (unpublished data), h b Nonsignificant, c Significant. O 4.0-207
4 0 0 O , i 4 i Table'4.4-51.; Chi-square cnalyses of. fish larvae mortalities 'resulting f rom thermal plume passege . j '(Intake vs. Lccation 3 { 1*L isotherm]) near Cooper Nuclear Station, 1975.a i ! ~~~ Intake Location 3 (1* isotherm) .i
- Number Number- Number Differential Significant Number Percent- Percent Mortality 2 (p,L.05)
- Date Living Dead' Mortality Living ' Dead Mortality X 1
5 June 3 18 85.7 13' 5 27.7 *b 13.4466 SC 13 June 10 7 41.1 6 3 33.3
- 0.1529 N5d l 27 June 3 61 95.3 3 43 93.4
- 0.1746 NS i n 4
i 1 July 29 42 '59.1 11 53 82.8 23.7 9.0350 S gj d 3 j c3 35 July 17 45 72.5 6 5 45.4
- 3.1855 NS
. s -
1 August 0 5 100 0 4 100 0 e' -- I h o-( .e a Data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data). { ' b Higher mortality-at the intake than at the discharge. c Significant. d Nonsignificant.
- Insuffic'ea sample size for X 2, 4
e 1 i l 3' t s 1-l 1 i'
.- ~ _
CNS - 316a 6 b Table 4.4-52. Summary of total numbers and total weight (g) of fish species entrapped at Cooper Nuclear Station, January - July 1975." Total Percent of Total Percent of Taxa No. Total Weight (3) Total Paddlefish 4 1.0 2172 7.8 Shortnose gar 3 0.7 44 0.2 Gizzard shad 90 21.5 4118 14.7 Goldeye 29 2.1 1841 6.6 Cyprinidae (Minnow) 25 6.0 351 1.2 Carp 30 7.2 4012 1413 Flathead chub 5 1.2 30 0.1 Silver chub 1 0.2 5 <0.1 River carpsucker 153 37.7 6666 23.8 River shiner 1 0.2 5 <0.1 Bigmouth shiner 1 0.2 5 <0.1 Smallmouth buffalo 4 1.0 269 0.9 Bigmouth buffalo 8 1.9 1172 4.2 Ictalaridae 10 2.4 578 2.1 Black bullhead 4 1.0 61 0.2 Channel catfish 7 1.6 135 0.5 Flathead catfish 7 1.6 36 0.3 White bass Green sunfish 2 1 0.5 0.2 470 9 1.7
<0.1 lll Bluegill 2 0.5 107 0.4 Crapple (Pomoxis sp.) 4 1.0 402 1.4 Sauger 4 1.0 853 3.0 Freshwater drum 39 9.3 4609 16.5 Total 419 28000 8 Data compiled by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data) .
O 4.0-209
m m> 0 O e Table 4.4-53. Species composition and size distribution of fish entrapped in the intake structure of Cooper Nuclear Station, January - July 1975."
- Length (rri) Weigh p )
Ran ge Total Weight (z) Mean Range Mean Taxa Number j 543.0 500-622 2172 I 4 715.0 630-760 44 l Paddlefish 120.3 51-160 14.7 10-20 3 4118 f Shortnose gar 151.6 10-330 102.4 : -330 Gi.zard shad 90 10-338 1841 f 9 275.0 110-330 204.6 Goldeye 3-28 351 l 25 73.4 14-138 11.0 Cyprinidae (Minnow) 133.9 3-450 4012 f 30 153.8 50-290 30 J ! Carp 98.0 6.0 4-10 ' Flathead chub 5 9-g00 5.0 - 5 f 1 76.0 - 6666 l Silver chub 88.4 40-460 33.2 2-600 ~ River carpsucker 158 - 5 n 75.0 - 4.0 River shiner 1
- 5.0 - 5 2 90.0 Bigmouth shiner 1 35-240 67.0 4-210 269 i 4 98.8 e e- Smallmouth buffalo 100-500 146.5 8-560 1172. v o Bigmouth buffalo 8 192.5 57.8 3-200 578 g 10 125.2 60-200 D w Ictaluridae 71.3 40-85 15.3 10-25 61
- J 4
5 Black bullhead 84.8 11-190 22.5 2-60 135 7 7 86 Channel catfish 107.0 50-152 14.3 3-30 Flathead catfish 7 235.0 30-440 470 l 2 2 30.0 130-330 9 White bass 80.0 - 9.0 - 1 107 Green sunfish 145.0 120-170 53.5 26-81 2 402 Bluegill 181.0 90-236 100.5 12-172 Crappie (Pomoxis sp.) 4 853 290.8 170-375 213.3 33-400 , 4 4609 Sauger 179.1 60-370 118.2 3-337 Freshwater drum 39 l
" Data compiled by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data).
b Not applicable. , I l l
Table 4.4-54. Number of fish entrapped per hour during diurnal and noccurnal sorpling periods at Cooper Nuclear Station, January - July 1975. Dirunal (0700-1900) Nocturnal (1900-0700) No. of Sample No. of No. of Sample No. of Month Periods (br) Fish _ No./Hr Periods (br} Fish No./Hr January 11 25 2.3 6 25 4.2 February 7 9 1.3 5 10 2.0 March 1 0 0 2 0 0 April 14 53 3.8 8 26 3.3 May 11 62 5.6 8 61 7.5 n E s- June 6 24 4.0 6 16 2.7 , 9 u July 2 5 2.5 5 103 20.6 ; h
=
Total 52 178 40 241
~
Mean No./ Hour 2.8 5.8 Data compiled by Indt.stri.11 RT.d-TEST Laborr.ories, Inc. (unpublished data). 9 @ 9
O. O'. LO Table 4.4-55. Summary of physical' condition 'of fish' recorded during entrapment studies at Cooper -
' Nuclear' Station," January - July 1975.8 1
1 Dead-with Dead with Live Mnd Live and. No Physical Physical Taxa ' Active Inactive Damage Damage Decomposing ~ gal _ Paddlefish 3 'l - - - 4 3 Shortnose gar 3 - - - - Gizzard shad 25 11 -53 1 - 90 Goldeye 7 - 1 1 - 9 Cyprinidae-(Minnow)- 19 2 .3 1 - 25 Carp . 17- 10 - 3 - 30 Flathead chub- 4 1 - - 5 Silver chub -1 - - - - 1 River carpsucker 120 24 8 6 - 158 a River shiner l' - - - - 1 5
,o Bigmuuth shiner 1 - - -
1 o Smallmouth buffalo 2 -- 2 - - 4 w b Bigmoutn buffalo 8 - - - - 8 5 U Ictaluridae 8 - 2 - 10 Black bullhead 4 - - - - 4 Channel catfish 6 - 1 - - 7 Flathead catfish 5 1 - 1 - 7 L'hite bass 2 ' - - - - 2
- Green sunfish 1- - - - -
1
- Bluegill .
1 .1 - - - 2 Crappie (Pomoxis'sp.) 2 2 - - - 4 Sauger 1 3 - - - 4 Freshwater drum 27 6 5 - 1 39 , Total 268 62 73 15 1 419 l Perce"t 64.0 14.8 17.4 3.6 0.2 i Data compiled by Iddustrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (unpublished data). E f 4 v .
CNS - 316a 6 b O Table 4.4-56. Projected total fish impingement on traveling screens at Cooper Nuclear Station, 15 March - 31 December 1974. Percent of Species Total Numbers Projected Totala,b Average Size (mm) Gizzard shad 66.5 98313 135 Freshwater drum 21.2 31416 80 Ri>er carpsucker 3.3 4939 145 Carp 2.1 3057 155 White bass 1.4 2116 137 Smallmouth buffalo 1. 3 1982 133 Channel cat 0.4 571 73 Flathead cat 0.4 571 85 Crapple (both species) 0.3 537 125 Sauger <C.05 67 255 Green sunfish <0.05 34 70 Shovelnose sturgeon <0.05 34 410 Paddlefish <0.05 34 700
- Maximum projected totals assuming Station at 100% cperation, b
0 33.3% live and active. l l l O 4.0-213 l
, g . . __
f L O O O 1 l Table 4.4-57. Summary of Missouri River (Nebraska) commercial fish catch data for 1969 and 1974.' Cay Flatbend Catfish Chaynel Catfish Average Svera** Average Weight (th) Wetll M 1b1 _psabe r Weight (1h) Weigh! Qbl Water . We fgt,t (!b) Wef3!L(JR _ _10rmber 1974 1969 1974 1969 1974 1969 1974 1969 .1974 1974 196'1 Section b 1969 1974 1969 1974 1969 1974 1869 4 59 14.7 I 186 56 524 229 -" 4.1 2579 345p 11"'3 13466 - 3.9 40 30 2 - 3.1 313 551 1470 1938 - 3.6 Il 2812 4417 6542 7118 - 1.6 8062 4748 30465 15093 - 3.1 412 671 2159 3 f? ! - 5.1 III 4049 2736 8336 5024 - 1.8 8651 8027 76132 24852 - 3.3 765 1228 3931 5435 - 44 Total 7047 7209 15402 12371 - 1.7 19292 16234 68110 53411 - l O 2:}}