ML19320B339
| ML19320B339 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Millstone  |
| Issue date: | 07/03/1980 |
| From: | Counsil W NORTHEAST UTILITIES |
| To: | Clark R, Crutchfield D, Crutchfield D Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| References | |
| TAC-10857, TAC-11936, NUDOCS 8007100200 | |
| Download: ML19320B339 (27) | |
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NORTHEAST IITHJFIES
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July 3, 1980 Dockets No. 50-245 50-336 A01039 Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Attn:
Mr. D. M. Crutchfield, Chief Operating Reactors Branch #5 Mr. R. A. Clark, Chief Operating, Reactors Branch #3 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D. C. 20555
References:
(1) Letter, W. G. Counsil to D. L. Ziemann and R. Reid, dated July 2, 1979 (2) Letter, P. M. Crutchfield to W. G. Counsil, dated May 7, 1980 (3) Letter, R. E. Moore, CT DEP, to W. G. Counsil, dated June 11, 1980 (4) Letter, D. C. Switzer to G. Lear, dated February 3, 1978 (5) Letter, W. G. Counsil to D. L. Ziemann and R. Ried, dated February ^., 1979 Gentlemen:
Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Unit Nos. 1 and 2 Proposed Revisions to Environmental Technical Specifications In Reference (1), Northeast Nuclear Energy Company (NNECO) proposed to amend its Environmental Technical Specification (ETS), pursuant to 10 CFR 50.59, for Millstone Unit No. 1 (License No. DPR-21) and Millstone Unit No. 2 (License No. DPR-65).
In reference (2), you requested additional information with respect to that proposed amendment. Enclosure 1 to this letter is intended to provide the additional information requested in Reference (2).
Also be advised that, in Reference (3) (copy enclosed), the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT.DEP) has approved our Thermal Plume Study Report as the basis for corroborating their previous finding 8007100 M
- that the therma] component of the discharge does not result in a violation of Connecticut Water Quality Standards. This action further supports our request (Reference (1)) for deletion of ETS Section 4.6 (Thermal Plume Study).
Further, in Reference (4), NNECO requested other changes to its ETS, but in Reference (5), it clarified that request by withdrawing changes to certain sections, and deferring other changes because they related to radiological effluents. We would appreciate it i f the remaining changes indicated in Enclosure 2 to Reference (5), could be processed at this time also. This action, along with removal of the radiological effluent specifications, will provide an updated ETS and facilitate conversion of the ETS in response to the Yellow Creek and other subsequent ASLAB decisions, in an expeditious manner.
Should you have any questions or require furtrer information regarding to this letter, please contact our Mr. Paul M. Jacobson at (203) 447-1205.
Very truly yours, NORTIIEAST NUCLEAR ENERGY COMPANY
/
'?/ )l0L W. G. Counsil Senior Vice President Enclosure
STATE OF CONNECTICUT cCS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION STATE OFFICE BUILDING HARTFOAD, CONNECTICUT 06115 June 11, 1980 Approval RECEIVED Northeast Nuclear Energy Company JUN 13 m P.O. Box 270 Hartford, Connecticut 06101 J(.VICE PRESIDENT Attention: Mr. W.G. Counsil, Vice President Re:
DEP/WPC.152-001 Town of Waterford Long Island Sound Watershed
Dear Mr. Counsil:
The following reports have been reviewed by the Department of Environmental Protection:
Millstone Nuclear Power Station Units 1,2, and 3 Environmental Assessment of the Condenser Cooling Water Intake Structure 316 (b) Demonstration, Volumes I and II, September 1976 prepared for Northeast Nuclear Energy Company by Northeast Utilities Service Company.
Thermal Plume Modeling at the Millstone Nuclear Power Station August 1979 prepared for Northeast Utilities Service Company by Stolzenbach and Adams.
Annual Reports on a Monitoring Program of the Marine Environment of the Millstone Point, Connecticut Area 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978 prepared by Battelle Laboratories for Northeast Utilities Service Company.
These reports comply with Department of Environmental Protection Water Compliance Unit's Order No.1505 to Northeast Nuclear Energy tampany entered on December 30, 1974, fulfilling requirements of steps 5,34,15,16, and.17 of the Order. The reports are hereby approved in accordance with Sections25-54k and 25-54e of the Connecticut General Statutes as amended.
These reports shall be the basis for corroborating the Director's finding that f
the thennal component of the discharge does not result in a violation of Connecticut Water Quality Standards. These reports shall be the basis of the functional design of the intake structures to minimize adverse environmental impacts which may result,
from Spingement and entrainment.
This approval does-not relieve the discharger obligation to obtain any other authorizations as may be required by other provisions of the Connecticut General State agencies.
r truly yours, I
(S5.N (
Robert E. Moore i
Director Water Compliance Unit REM /dsm cc:
Northeast Utilities Service Co.
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Response to Request for Additional Information Proposed Revisions to Environmental Technical Specification Millstone Nuclear Power Station Unit Nos. 1&2 Docket Nos. 50'245 and 336 Northeast Nuclear Energy Company July 3, 1980
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Question 1:
-A technical justification as ~to why the subtidal rocky substrate sampling program should be discontinued--provide the results of this study for 1979, contrast and compare the 1979 data with the data collected over the last several years.
ggsponse:
The justification for deletion of subtidal rock sampling from the Benthic Survey, ETS Section 3.1.2.1.5, is based on the knowledge that the current sampling proceiures for subtidal rock substrates provide data of questionable i
value with regard to the stated objective, that rock accounts for only a small portion of the available subtidal substrate, and that additional effort presently being expended on the Rocky Shore Survey has resulted in a significant improvement in our ability to assess the potential i
impact. of power plant operations on benthic communities.
Long Island Sound in general, and the Greater Millstone Bight in particular, are characterized by a sof t bottom and a concommitant scarcity of subtidal rocks suitable for attachment and growth of marine algae.(Sanders 1956;
}
Lund, Stewart & Rathbun 1973; McCall 1975); this lack of available sub-strate necessitates rescraping the same rock surfaces every three months at our study sites.
' Even when substrate is not a limiting factor, researchers in other areas of New England have found that intersample variability of biomass values i
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, is so great that only extensive hsrvesting (large area and/or many replicates) can permit valid comparisons between even the most similar stations (Vadas et al. 1976; Wilce etcal. 1978).
Giants Neck and Effluent differ with respect to exposure, water velocity, and slope, as well as degree of rescraping the same surfaces (Battelle 1977); as the subtidal ock-sampling program is now implemented, it is impossible to distinguish possible man-induced impact from natural spatial and temporal variability.
Researchers at'other power stations have reported that the environmental damage caused by repeated destructive sampling is more extensive than the studies can justify (and far more extensive than possible power plant impact), and have shif ted the emphasis of their sampling programs away from biomass determinations and towards nondestructive growth studies and succession studies (Vadas et al. 1976; Wilce et al. 1978).
To this end, although the subtidal rock stations were sampled quarterly in 1979, and the collections preserved, further processing and analyses were deferred; effort was concentrated on the Rocky Shore Survey, whose l
scope has recently been increased to the extent that it is now more sensitive to minor variations in the benthic rock communities (see Pages l
101-142 of 1979-Annual Report).
Instead of a single horizontal transect at the mid-tide level, percent of substrate coverage is based on five vertical transects at each of the seven rocky intertidal sites. At four of the sites, three additional vertical transects were denuded for study _
of recolonization rates and succession patterns. These patterns were-
_also studied'in areas under wire mesh cages that excluded predators and grazers. Recruitment and growth of Fucus vesiculosus was also investigated at.the same four stations.
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- 1 The growth of Ascophylluu nodosum is particularly sensitive to environ-mental conditions (Prinz 1956; Baardseth 1970; Keser 1978), and other investigators have used this alga as a bioindicator of thermal stress associated with power plant effluents (Vadas et al. 1978; Wilce et al.
1978). To i'lentify a possible thermal impact, populations of Ascophyllum were chosen at four sites for growth and mortality studies.
The results of the Rocky Shore Survey are included in the 1979 Annual Report, and summarized on pages 138 and 139 therein.
The larger number of data points, and larger area nondestructively sampled provide a more accurate representation of the local benthic rock communities than the subtidal rock program could.
In conclusion, we again request that subtidal rock sampling be deleted from the environmental monitoring program; many reports in recent years have stressed the inadequacy of repeated destructive. sampling, especially when available substrate is limiting. The expanded scope and sensitivity of the Rocky Shore Survey should be ample to allow us to meet the stated objectives, namely, determination and description of any potential impact due to the operation of Millstone Nuclear Power Station on the benthic rock communities.
LITERATURE CITED Baardseth, E.
1970.
Synopsis of biological data on knobbed wrack Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis. FAO Fisheries, Synopsis #38.
Rev.
1.
Battelle-William F.
Clapp Laboratories.
1977. A monitoring program on the ecology of the marine environment of the Millstone Point, Connecticut area.
Annual Report for the year 1976.
P. resented to the Northeast Utilities Service Company.
Keser, M.
1978.
Ecological ef fects of harvesting on the growth of Ascophyllum and the growth dynamics of Fucus.
Ph.D. thesis, Univ.
Maine, 138 pp.
Lund, W.
A., Jr., L. L. Stewart and C. J. Rathbun 1973.
Investigation on the lobster.
National Marine Fisheries Service, Completion report for Conn. Project 3-130-R Under Commer. Fish. Res. and Devel. Act.
189 pp.
McCall, P. L.
1975. The influence of disturbance on community patterns and adaptive strategies of the infaunal benthos of central Long Island Sount.
Ph.D. Thesis Yale Univ. New Haven, Conn.
198 pp.
Northeast Utilities Service Company, March, 1980, Annual Report 1979, Monitoring the Marine Environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Nuclear Power Station, pp. 101-142.
Printz, H.
1956.
Recuperation and recolonization in Ascophyllwn.
Second Int. Seaweed Symp., 194-197.
Sanders, H. L.
1956.
Oceanography of Long Island Sound 1952-1954.
X.
The biology of marine bottom communities.
Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll.
15:345-414.
Vadas, R. L., M. Keser and P. C. Rusanowski.
1976.
Influence of thermal loading on the ecology of intertidal algae.
pp. 202-212.
In G. Esch and R. Macfarlane (eds.).
Thermal Ecology II: AEC Symposium Series (Conf-750425). Augusta, GA.
Vadas, R. L., M. Keser, and B. Larson.
1978.
Effects of reduced tempera-tures on previously stressed populat ions of an intertidal alga.
pp. 434-45l.
In J.11. Thorp and J. W. Gibons (eds.).
Energy and environmental stress in aquatic systems.
DOE Symposium Series (Cong-771114).
Wilce, R.
T., J. Foertch, W. Grocki, J. Kilar, H. Levine, J. Wilce.
1978.
Flora: Marine Algal Studies.
In Benthic Studies in the Vicinity of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, 1969-1977.
Summary Report, Boston Edison Co.
pp. 307-656.
Question 2:
The data on reproductive activity and condition factors collected during the trawling survey--using this data present a technical justification as to why continued collection of this data is not warranted.
Response
Qualitative observations of reproductive activity of fish caught in trawls have beta made routinely since the study inception and have been recorded for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) since 1976.
Emphasis has been placed on winter flounder since it is the most important iocal recreational and commercial fish species'and is the only fish species caught -in large numbers during its reproductive phases.
Detailed information on the repreductive activity of winter flounder is also i.
collected annually during the tag and recapture program in the Niantic River (ETS Section 4.4).
The data thus far collected in trawls (Table 1) is in agreement with that obtained in the Niantic River winter flounder i
tag-recapture study. The mean percent of trawled females was between 60-75% and the number of fish in spawning conditioa was greatest before the second week of April. Most fish in spawning condition after the 4
first week' of April were mature males.
(Annual Report, 1979).
t lSince the information on reproductive activity collected from trawls is useful only for winter flounder and since that species is studied in more-detail during the Niantic River study, we-suggest that specifying l -
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reproductive activity as an objective of trawls.is redundant and no longer necessary.
. Condition factor is usually considered as the relationship of weight to length. The coefficient of condition, K, is obtained using the following formula (from Carlander, K.D. 1969. Handbook of Freshwater Fishery Biology, Volume One.
Iowa State bniversity. Press, Ames, Iowa.):
I 5
K = W-10 L
i.
Where W = weight in grams l
L = length in millimeters 5
10 is a factor to bring the value of K near unity i
1 The condition factor is usable only where accurate lengths and weights can be obtained. On the basis of our initial measurements during 1973 i
through.1975 we found that accurate weights could not be obtained on board the boat due'to wave action.
The technical specification requires that efforts be made to release uninjured individuals alive.
Since the taking of weights is not-part of the specifications and all fish would have to be sacrificed in orderLto obtain an accurate weight, the weighing of fish was discontinued as part of the trawling procedure in January 1975.
Tables 2 and 3 show.the condition' factor for 3 of the major species for which weights were obtained during 1973 through 1974. The Niantic River f
winter flounder length-weight data-was compared to the 1974 trawl data.
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Since the fish weights taken on board the boat could have been in error up to 25 - 50 gm, it is impossible to determine if the differences were due to changes in the weight length ratio or to variability of the weighing procedure.
Condition factor is not a widely used procedure in marine fisheries biology. A similar procedure where growth (length) per age is compared by year is part of the Niantic River winter flounder study.
When condition factors were originally placed in the technical specifications, it was not necessarily referring to the length-weight condition factor but as an observed adverse physical condition of fish in the sampling area which may have been caused by the power station.
To date no adverse physical condition of fish has been noted that could be considered other then normal net damage or a result of natural factors.
These observations will continue to be made, however condition factors are no longer considered as a major objective of the trawling survey.
Table 1.
Percent of winter flounder in spawning condition before the second week of April (SB) and after the first week of April (SA) in the Mil 1 stone Point area based on routine otter trawls.
YEAR
% SB
% SA 1976 88.4 1.2 1977 44.0 0.0 1978 77.0 18.0 1979 83.7 28.8 MEAN 73.3 12.2
Table 2.
Condition factors (CF) for Winter Flounder caught in the trawl survey (TS) and the Niantic River Winter Flounder Study (NRWF).
(+) 95%
Min.
Max.
Study Year Months Mean CF
~C1 CF CF T S(
1973 Oct.-Dec.
1.428
.038
.326 2.963 T S(
1974 Oct.-Dec.
1.257
.017
.527 2.903 T S( }
1974 March-April 1.177
.017
.408 2.448 NRWF 1977 March-April 1.135
.021
.626 1.878 NRWF 1978 March-April 1.110
.025
.421
.1697 (1) All stations in the Millstone Point area.
(2) Niantic River Station only.
Table 3.
Condition factors (CF) for Window pane Flounder (WP) and Skates (SK).
+ 95%
Min.
Max.
Species Year Mean CF C1 CF CF WP 1973 1.293 0.101 0.656 5.368 WP 1974 1.026 0.028 0.603 2.034 SK 1973 0.589 0.044 0.246 0.942 SK 1974 0.588 0.019 0.347 1.391
Question 3:
The results of the offshore ichthyoplankton net tows made in 1979 at
' station 5--provide as a minimum, percent composition, mean seasonal density and rank order of abundance; also, contrast and compare the results with the results from the discharge collections.
4 i
Response
Table 1 (attached) shows the percent species composition, mean seasonal i
density and rank of icht'.nyoplankton collected during January through December 1979 at the discharge and at station 5, located in mid Niantic Bay. These values are slightly different from those of Table 6, attached, in the 1979 plankton report (NUSCO, 1980), because samples collected during the months of November and December were not processed at annual report. preparation and were therefore excluded from Table 6.
For instance, Table 1 shows.the Engraulidae (anchovies) comprised 69.91% of :ne ichthyo-3 plankton at the discharge (average of 1.670/M ).
Differences for other
. species between Table 1 and Table 6 are also very small illustrating
.that the contribution of fall months to the characterization of the
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entrained ichthyoplankton is less important thar, other periods of the year.
The 1979 Report provides additional comparisons between densities at the power plant discharges and at station 5 (see pages 76-33 of the Report).
A summary of the major' conclusions follows:
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Parcent spscies composition (o/o),~ mean seasonal density (#/M3), and rank order of Ichthyoplankton (based on percent composition) collected at the discharges and at station 5 in 1979.
Ranks were estimated for species constituting 0.01% or more of percent species composition.
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DIS CHARGES STATION 5 Species Or Group o/o #/M3 Rank o/o a. M3 Rank Engraulidae 69.91 1.67 0 1
73.34 2.787 1
Ammodytes sp.
10.73 0.206 2
5.83 0.239 2
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus 6.15 0.198 3
4.16 0.139 4
Unindentified 2.30
- 0. 04 1 4
1.14
- 0. 04 9 8
kVoxocephalus sp.
2.24 0.065 5
1.02 0.050 9
Syngnathus fhscus 2.17 0.056 6
0.55 0.034 10 Pholis gunnsTZus 1.42 0.045 7
0.16 0.027 18 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0.71
- 0. 04 7 8
4.62 0.191 3
Ulvaria subbifurcata 0.68 0.051 9
0.35 0.026 16 Tautoga onitis 0.58 0.042 10 2.33 0.095 5
Liparis sp.
0.54 0.039 11 0.47 0.029 12 Scophthalmus aquosus 0.53 0.028 12 1.92 0.085 6
Enchetyopus cimbruis 0.52 0.035 13 1.56 0.086 7
Cynoscion regalis 0.26 0.081 14 0.36 0.101 15 Stenotomus chrysops 0.22 0.062 15 0.49 0.056 11 Anguilla rostrata 0.22 0.014 16 0.01 0.005 28 Clupeid 0.18 0.027 17 0.03 0.008 23 Nonidia sp.
0.16 0.013 18 0.10 0.058 20 Peprilus triacanthus 0.10 0.026.19 0.45 0.074 13 Bravoortia Tyrannus 0.07 0.008 20 0.06 0.015 21 Prionotus sp.
0.07 0.023 21 0.30 0.047 17 Gasterosteus aculcatus 0.06 0.006 22 0.01
- 0. 0 04 28 Gobiidae 0.03 0.008 23 0.01 0.009 28 Paralichthys oblongus 0.02 0.015 24 0.06 0.076 21 Paralichthys dentatus 9.02 0.003 25 0.00 0.004 Microgadus tomcod u.02 0.0 04 26 0.00 0.003 Alosa sp.
0.02 0.009 27 0.01 0.006 28 Norluccius bilinearis 0.01 0.019 28 0.11 0.033 19 Scomber scambrus 0.01 0.010 29 0.42 0.055 14 Centropristis striata 0.01 0.020 30 0.00 0.004 Cod Or Haddock 0.01 0.006 31 Not Found Cadus morhua 0.01 0.004 32 0.01 0.005 28 Lumpenus Lumpretaefornia 0.01 0.050 33 Not Found Sphaeroides maculatus 0.00 0.011 0.06 0.113 21 Urophysic so.
0.00
- 0. 0 04 0.02 0.021 24 Labridae.
0.00 0.005 0.02 0.032 25 Apoltes Quadracus 0.00 0.004 Not Found Conger Gecanicus 0.00 0.002 0.00 0.003 Hamitripterus americanus 0.00 0.004 Not Found Pungitius pungitius 0.00 0.007 Not Found Fundulus majalis 0.00 0.005 Not Found Trinactes maculatus 0.00 0.011 Not Found i'
Lophius amcricanus 0.00 0.003 0.00 0.002 Limanda ferruginca 0.00 0.007' O.00 0.005 i
Osmerus morda:
0.00 'O.003 0.00 0.006 Myorocephalus scorpius 0.00 0.005 Not Found Etropus microstomus 0.00 0.003 Not Found Alosa aestivalis Not Found 0.00 0.013 Micropogon undulatus Not Found 0.00 0.003 Rissola marginata Not Found 0.00 0.006
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- 1)
Total fish larvae, sand lance, grubby sculpin and winter flounder showed no significant difference in mean seasonal density at the two stations.
2)
Total fish eggs, anchovies, cunner and mackerel were hichar in mean seasonal density at station 5 than at the plant discharges.
3)
When the 1979 data was reduced to periods of peak and post peak density, winter flounder and anchovy larvae showed a higher mean density, over these time periods, at the plant discharge than at i
station 5.
l 4)
Using the 1979 fish larvae data from station 5 and the discharges, power curves were developed giving the probability of detecting l
different levels of density at the discharge and station 5 (in units of the log transformed mean seasonal density, I.G. the geometric mean).
Figure 14 of the 1979 Report showed that:
Winter flounder, sand lance, cunner, and tautog had similar power curves suggesting that the sampling program had a 90%
probability of detecting a change of 0.25 units.
Anchovy larvae had lower detectability, perhaps associated with increased patchiness and variability over their growth season, - total larvae had relatively high detectability since e
more samples were represented.
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_3 The request for the reduction of fall (October, November, and December) sampling from the present 18 samples (3 days / nights) per week at the discharge to 6 samples (1 day / night) would have little, if any, impact on the above conclusions or in the overall annual composition or density estimates of the resident and representative fish larvae around Millstone, larvae ranked among the top ten and comprising over 95% of the species composition (Tables 1 & 6) largely do not occur during these fall months either at the discharge or at station 5.
1 i
Question 4:
An assessment of the significance of Teredo bartschi population discovered in 1975 a. the effluent sampling station--address the potential for expansion in range of this species, T. navalis and Limnoria spp. under both present two-unit operation and future three-unit operation.
Response
The following discussion has been prepared in response to your request for additional information concerning present and potential biological changes in marine, wood-boring communities surrounding the Millstone Nuclear Power Stations.
Data from the Millstone environmental monitoring program describes population fluctuations in these communities over the last eleven years.
Considering these long term data and the biology of wood-boring molluscs, Teredo navalis and Teredo bartschi, we conclude thet Units 1 and 2 have had no detectable effects on the population of wood-boring organisn.s. The percent destruction of wood exposure panels by Terelo spp. has been monitored since 1968 (Table 1) and the numerical abundance of Limnoria since 1971 (Table 2).
During this time the dominant aspect from these data has been the variability in population density both among stations within ti.: came year and between years at the same station. Many factors could influence the abundance and distribution of wood boring species; among which, temperature, salinity, currents and availability of substratum are mos. important (Turner, 1966).
In the case of Limnoria, our data point a the availability of wood, as well as the distance of the panel from tie bottom sediments, as the most critical
' t factors controlling abundance.
This is supported by the low numbers of Limnoria collected at the Intake. At this site the expos 6re panels are moored f rom floats 25 feet from the bottom where no wooden structures i-are present; the other panels are located at dock sites placing them near the bottom sediments and close to wooden structures.
i The wood-boring molluscan, Teredo navalis, has shown less dependency than Limnoria on panel location and availability of vooden structures, which can probably be attributed to the extended planktonic life of its veliger stages, 4 - 20 days (Turner and Johnson, 1971).
Ilowever, considerable fluctuations in the average annual attack of wooden panels has been observed (Table 1).
These fluctuations could be caused as much by biological factors as by the previously stated physical factors (Temperature, salinity, current, i
and availability of substratum).
Fouling species such as Limnoria (Battelle, 1976), encrusting bryozoans, compound tunicates, barnacles, or mussels, which dominate wood surfaces during certain periods of the year could possibly reduce substratum availability for metamorphosing Teredo larvae.
In addition, parasitism a
of adult populations of Teredo (Turner and _ Johnson, 1971; liillman, 1978) or poor phytoplankton blooms during critical reproductive phases (Turner,
~
1966) could, in any given year, influence the attack of Teredo on wooden structures.
i 1
i
_Teredo bartschi, a species more common south of Long Island Sound, was first documented in the Millstone area in 1975 and since that time has only been found at the Effluent site.
The reason for its appearance and
- existence can only be hypothesized.
Since this species is larviperous, retaining its young in a brood pouch to the veliger stage, and does not release its young until the pediveliger stage, the last stage before metamorphosing into is adult form, it is highly probable that some transient wood structure or debris brought reproductive individuals into the Millstone area.
An alternate possibility, but less likely, is if the brief planktonic stage of these larvae were transported to the Effluent site by a southern current.
An explanation for the occurrence of Teredo bartschi at the Effluent site is most likely temperature related.
It is not known whether the temperature in the effluent counters a lower lethal limit for the adults in the winter or provides the only temperature regimes needed for successful reproduction.
The ability of T. bartschi to remain at the Effluent site is probably associated with the pediveliger larvae metamorphosing within hours after release from the parent's gills (Turner, 1971).
Our data further suggests that Teredo bartschi is a poor competitor in this extended range, and Teredo navalis is able to dominate the panels at the Effluent site.
It woald seem highly unlikely that the operation of Unit 3 will alter the population dinamics previously described for the wood-boring species.
First of all, we are only expecting a two degree centrigrade increase in the immediate area around Millstone point (Stolzenbach and Adams, 1979).
This is only a rise of 2 C over a total annual range of 26 C.
- Secondly, if this slight increase in the annual range did benefit the range extension of Teredo bartschi or increase fecundity of other wood-boring species, this effect would be restricted to a small area of low substratum availa-bility.
- In light of the above discussion, it is our belief that wood-borer comminities will show little or no changes in their natural community dynamics with the operation of Units 1, 9 and 3 at the Millstone Nuclear Power Station.
l
I
-5 LITERATURE CITED Battelle - William F. Clapp Laboratories, 1976. A monitoring program on the ecology of the marine environment of Millstone Point, Connecticut area. Annual Report for the year 1976.
Presented to Northeast Utilities Service Company.
liillman, R. E. 1978. The occurrence of Minchinia sp. (llaplosporida, llaplosporidiidae) in species of the molluscan borer, Teredo, from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey.
J. Invert. Path. 31:265-266.
Stolzenbach, K. D. and E. E. Adams, 1979. Thermal p)nme modeling at the Millstone Nuclear Power Station. Presented to Northeast Utilities l
Service. Company 60 pp.
Turner, R. D. 1966. A survey and illustrated catalogue of the Teredinidae (Mollusca:
Bivalvia). The Museum of Comparative Zoology, liarvard Univ., Cambridge, MA.
265 pp.
Turner, R. D. and A. C. Johnson, 1971.
Biology of marine wood-boring molluscs.
Pages 259-301 in E. B. G. Jones and S. K. Eltringham ed.
Marine borers, fungi and fouling organisms of wood.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
1
Table 1.
'MEAN ANNUAL PERCENT ATTACK OF TEREDO MOLLUSCS ON LONG-TERM
-EXPOSURE PANELS IN TIIE MILLSTONE POINT AREA FROM 1968 TllROUGli 1979.
(a)
(b)
Sites 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Effluent Teredo navalis 10 39 20 9
38 50 100 57 83 8
Teredo bartschi 8
1 1
5 1
Intake Teredo naval'is 7
18 49 58 66 22 41 57 40 5
Teredo bartschi 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Fox Island - North Teredo navalis 1
35 15 30 20 12 22 8
34 57 53 8
Teredo bartschi 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
White Point Teredo navalis 15 49 23 23 47 20 76 50 31 47 76 21 Teredo bartschi 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Giants Neck Teredo navalis 70 90 72 67 86 74 34 Teredo bartschi 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
a)
Frame or panel missing at (1) White Point - July and August, 1973.
(2) Intake - December, 1971; January through September, 1972; December 1973; January through March, 1974; March through May, 1975.
(3) Giants Neck - March _and April, 1972; January and February, 1973; March, May, June and July, 1974-January, 1977.
l b)
Numbers base on 3/4 of a years sampling using six month exposure panels.
i 1
- - - I
o
- Table 2.
MEAN ANNUAL NUMBER FOR EACil SPECIES OF TIIE ARTliROPOD BORER, LIMNORIA, OCCURRING ON LONG-TERM EXPOSURE PANELS IN Tile MILLSTONE POINT AREA FROM JUNE,1971 THROUGli NOVEMBER 1979.
(b)
(a)
(d)
Sites 1971 19i2 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Effluent Limnoria Lignorum 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
~
Limnoria tripunctata 0
14 770 1941 (c) 597 10 Limnoria tuberculata 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Total 0
14 770 1941 597 10 Intake Limnoria lignorum 292 0
0 13 1
0 0
0 0
Limnoria tripunctata 198 0
0 2
9 0
5 1
0 Limnoria tuberculata 43 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Total 533 0
0 15 10 0
5 1
0 Fox Island North Limnoria lignorum 188 144 173 35 27 10 0
120 0
Limnoria tripunctata 1439 2400 1435 1317 2412 1265 228 167 213 Limnoria tuberculata 263 132 70 46 38 1
0 0
0 Total 1890 2676 1678 1398 2477 1276 228 287 213 White Point Limnoria lignorum 86 90 34 13 44 17 126 100 114 38 Limnoria tripunctata 914 1808 249 335 3637 752 1758 1526 457 Limnoria tuberculata 85 101 27 8
24 0
0 0
0 0
Total 1085 1999 310 356 3705 769 1884 1626 495 Giants Neck l
Limnoria lignorum 891 134 147 38 212 299 373 479 416 l
Limnoria tripunctata 241 128 247 45 409 308 176 207 1
Limnoria tuberculate 41 27 20 0
1 0
0 0
0 Total 1173 289 414 83 622 607 549 686 417 (a) Counts of individual Limnoria did not begin until May, 1971 (b) Frame or panel missing at (1) White Point - July and August, 1973 (2) Intake - December, 1971; January through September, 1972; December, 1973; January through March, 1974; March through May, 1975 (3) Giants Neck - March and April, 1972; January and February, 1973; March, May, June and July, 1974; January, 1977 (c) Too numerous to count.
(d)' Numbers based on 3/4 of a years' sampling using six month exposure panels.
,_