ML19312B612
| ML19312B612 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Green County  |
| Issue date: | 02/12/1979 |
| From: | Berner M AFFILIATION NOT ASSIGNED |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19312B611 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 7904090319 | |
| Download: ML19312B612 (28) | |
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Ecfere the S:nt= of Sc;yor'-
Ecard on Elec tric Generatisn Siting and che invironn.nt
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In the =atter of r, Case 800C6 --
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's and before the Atomic Safety , ':. ;jf and Licensing Board '
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__-______---__--___________-__-____ s. s n a-in the =atter of the Power Authori$y of the State of New York (Greene County Nuclear Power Plant) 1 THL Hono cable Edward D. Cohen '
Administrative Law judge Public Service Cc= mission
- =pire S tate Pla22, Albcny, N.Y. 12223 T"e Ecnorable Donald F. Carsen I.i3 Depart..ent of Environmental Conservation 50 ..olf Ecad, Albany, N.. 12233 Dr. Richard F. Cole l Atcaic Safety and Licensing Board l U.S. Nuclear Regulator;' Cc nicsicn, Wachington, D.0. l Dr. George A. Ferguson Profes sor of Nuclear Engineering, Ec' ard Univers.'. ty. '..'ashington. C C .
Andrew C. Goodhope, Chairman Atomic Safety and Licensing Bd. U.S. Nuclear Fegulatory Cc= mission, Washiniten D.C.
My own Testi Ony Mary Berner et all R.D.I nav h^ ,,
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1 1 My nae is "ary D. Berner. I reside en Route 9 7 in West Athens. I 2 studied at th s Lnstgewerbe Schule (School for Arts and Craf ts) in ?!ueremberg, 3 Germany. I also took architectural and en.Ti neering cou ses in 3uerenberg. I h worked fer a 7ater canalisation and city water works firm as tha fi st draf ts-5 woman in the same city. Af ter World War I, I came to this country. Here they 6 did not e=pley a woman for this kind of job, so I turned my talent to tontile 7 design and studied further in evening courses at the Leona-do da Vinci School 8 ani the !!ew Tark School of Design in New York City. I did free lance work 9 nhile I raised my fan 117 I also studied at !!ew Tork State University at 10 3".ffale and at : Tow Palts. Durind the depression years I did illustrations 11 for the Index of American Design. Scae of them are included in the book, 12 " Treasury of herican Desip", by Clarence P. Eernung, published by Harry N.
13 Abrams, Inc. of Ne r York. My original watereeler renderings are stored in the lh National Gallef in 7iashington, D. C. During World War II, I was working in 15 tool and die lesign in Eastern Aircraft located in linden, New Jersey, and for 16 Technographic Publications, Inc. in New Tark City.
17 My husband and I loved the Hudson River. Ne' e nse Athens as a lomly ten 13 on the river. Route 9T was not yet a big highway and the weeds and the house 19 cn SVT was to our liking. We moved up here in 19h5 I worked for a while doing 20 free lance di 12:1s and later taucht high school and elan 2nta:/ art for 15 years 21 in the Catskill, Hudson, and Coxsackie-Athens Central Schools. I was the bread-22 wirner mest e; the time, since ny husband had suffered a sericus accident in the 23 city. After ?tircaent I thought I could spend time wi',h =y rainting. Thon 2h FC:i! c2:2 al ..:q nith the announcenent of a power plant on the Huds .n. Since :
25 have always in m a nature lover and sincerely interested in the preservation of
2 i , .
1 nature and =an's envi onnent, I felt tn tt it was not the thing to have more nuclee 2 power plants on tr.e Hudson River, which is mors beaniful than the Rhine River in 3 Ge: ::any. I had read emuch about the deadly atom and nuclear power to be in revolt h against thea. Eu has in the last 50 years done core harm to the environs than
$ generations before us. I say that it is criminal to put these plants any where, 6 to add radiation a the already existing pollution.
7 The tac finds ce=enton unacceptable for the planned plant because of econc=ic 3 :nd aesthetic reasons. Both reasons ring true. Olana is a gest and valuable 9 place. Athens is ,t.ist as peat and valuable and tho' view from the heights at Olana 12 '
' the north, the h:.p Van WirJcle Bridge and the Athens Lighthouse in the =iidle 11 of tw d.ver is nere =ar.ificent than looking south at two cement plants. In Athens 12 *he lower villa;;e is a historical district with the following interesting houses:
13 The Jan Van Ioan House 1706 15 Albertus Van Loan House 172h 15 C. 7an Loan House 1795 15 I. Titus House 1803 17 L. hrup House 1803 ,
13 Michols House 1803 1? Hei 'ht Gantly House 1912 20 Firut Reformed Church 1825 21 Felarated Church 1833 22 Del Vecais House 18h0 23 Athens Lighthouse IS7h 2h Wiu i!orton Housa 18h0 25 Stuart House 1883
3 e .
1 Prsaks Opera House 1393 2 These houses are open to the public once or twice a year. The villa,Ts of Athens 3 has a Community Center in the old high school building-built in 19CC--sich houses k two art galleries, one from the Greene County Council on the Arts and one frc the 5 Greene County Arts and Crafts Guild, Inc., both with monthly changing exhibits open 6 to the publie. The Center also houses a historical Museum of the Early Arts and 7 Crafts as n11 as implements and tools of early Athens.
9 Recently the old factory building next to the oli ferry slip on 2iver Street 9 had been demslished and the villa.;e 1,s going to build a park along the waterfront i
10 with a place for outdoor concerts in the summer time with the help of the Greene l
11 County Council on the Arts. PASNT has taksn a tour along the Ger=anto :n side and . I 12 I sug;;est that a tour should be taken through the village of Athens. An old beauti- l 1
13 ful village like Athens is not a place for a nuclear or a fossil fuel plant. If you I
)
1h really want to sea out of proportion sooling towers are, look at the picture of the 15 enes at the Ho=er City power generatien station h5 miles east of Pittsburgh, Penn.
1 16 Tou will find the picture in the issue of the National Geo. aphic =agazine for 17 June 1978. However, these towers are only 391 feet hi;;h. The ones pro, meed for 13 the Athens area woula be 500 feet high and the circumference muld also be larger.
19 AccoNing to an article in the Daily Mail, Catskill of February 6,197h, there 20 is a g=ological farlt in Greene County, and this is another reason why a plant 21 should not be built there. I enclose a copy of the report by Law' ence R. Matsen.
22 He says the term "ir.2etive" does not necessardly mean extinct. "Recently nicanos 23 have been found t, be alive tnat wre previously thought inactive, and sono day 24 they will erupt 2. ain . We had that two years ago in Iceland. In the b:ek hy Dr.
25 Fagan of the Depart: tent of Geology at the City College of New Tork, the auther
h 1 voices serious c'ncern over the siting of nuclear plants in fault areas. Accorn- l l
\
2 ing to Fagan, t'.e r Hudson 7211ey centains a potential fault zone of disastrous pro-3 cortions" We had some shoeks in Catskill as well as in Athers as pre-icusly testi-h fied and the plant should not be built. Cooling towers re not only unsightly, but 1
$ they are a.Lso wa: tors of water. Only one-half cf the a=ount of water cenes back into 6 the river, the rest evaporates. 28 million gallons a day are drawn frem the river-7 day in and day eut.
8 The water of the Hudson River is in sone e.=nunities used as drinking water sa:d 9 at sone time distant it nay have to be used all together for that purpose.
10 :Iews Article fren ':"ne Daily Mail, Catskill, New York - April 12, 1977 11 -
12 " Mare Than Half 6f A-Mant's 6~
3 Water intake to be Evaporated a
CATSKILL - The preposed than s millien gallons of water in the air by evaporation from Greene County ?.uclear Power a day from the Hudsen River its sing!e !.:;0 foot tall cooiing 15 Plant would witt. draw more and deposit more than half ofit d tower.
lb Some 17,1::0,150 gallons of water a day would be evaporated into the at-3' mosphere, accering to the New York State Power Authonty's 13 application for a National '
Pollutint Discharge Eliminatica System permit, 1e-Water retmed drxt.fy to the nyer would amount to IL22,760 gallons a dag The water will contain an 21 estimated 2,380 gallons a day of radioactive waste and another oc 5.760 gallocs of "potentially radioactive acidic and caustic waste."
23 Among the substances that wtli be cischarged back intothe
%'-~ . nver in the nuclear plant's effluent are ammonia, 2c' ; beryllium, baron cadmium, ct:romium, copper, iron. lead.
=nc. oil and grease, phenols, and radioactivity.
The 31.1 billion faclity is scheduled for operation m :984.
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The Only Daily Newspaper Publishedin Greene County, N. Y.
Vol. 95 No. 31 sixteen Pages Member Associated Press February 8, tsu, Catdill, N.Y.
Nuc;earP an"Saou c No Be _ocated NearGreene au t Geo ocistWarns I w Matson pointed out that in STONE RIDGE- An Assistant fault line should be taken into Power Authcrity notes that the Prdecsor of Earth Stence at considerat2on before a nuclear Athens site off Route SW is recently published book by Dr.
Ulster County Community power plant is sited, because located two miles west and two Jchn Fagen, of the Department Cdlege said recently that an one atomic accident is too m:les east of fauhs running d Geology at City College cf ancient fault zone, thought to be many." ncrth and south, and places tre New York, the authcr voices as great as the San Andreas ' Matson said he has been to Camenton site ene mile ea:t of a senous concern over the sit:ng fault of Californ:a, underf:es GreeneCountytostudy geeiogic number of faults and cross of nuclear pla::ts in fault areas.
Greene and Ulster counties, ar'd ? formations and noted "several faults. The document states that Acccrding to Fagen, the Hudson in his epmion, "It's sertous faults in the Catskill. Leeds the faults are " inactive." Valley contams a potential fault enough so that a nuclear power area." He believes a nuclear UCCC's Matson, however, zone d " disastrous prepor-plant shwld not be located generated power plant would be said the term "inact2ve" does ttorm."
anywhere near it" " alright in the midwest where , cot necessanly mean extinct. " Chances are remote that l'awrence R. Matson, who they've never had an ear- "Recently vc! canoes have been a quake will occur, but if :t dces.
will be teaching a course m thquake" but should not be found to be a;ive that were it will have very sericus effects Geclog:c Histcry at the college located in the Hudson Valley. previously thought inactive, if located near a nuclear th2s spr:ng, said the large fau:t A progress report on power and some day they will erupt reactor," Matson szid. And he zone, called L.:gan's Lame, v.:! plant sit:ng preparad Stene and again " he expla:ned. "The added. "Pec;!e are not used to be one of the subjects studie1 Webster Engineenng cor- same thir:g ts true of fault listening to gec!cgins, but eey Logan's Line is actually a peranon for the New York State zones." will. Tirnes are changing."
ser:es of faults, and not one large fissure as the name connotas. and runs beneath the S t. Lawrence River, Lak' ,
Champlam, the Hudsen Valle. . Dr. Jorcan, wno now ser ees as a part -
ard throuan Ulster County inti lhighhgG[h[Off[$[ggrgd
- Wme membe d me A:me Safety and l Pennsylvarna. I l Licensing Board. filed the renort with the :
j Although there haven't bee; l[g [hg kg,g,gn 3 ggy y((((pg3 Ngulaq commim Sef R He sa:d in a te!epnene :nter."*w that his recor. :
l any major earthquaxes alor.g i
. had been based in part on a studv con-de fault in hundreds cf years. '
I I
there have been relativelv IGHfS : ducted two years 2::o by a Corneil Uni-I mmer ones recently it:ciuding a [.TGRHm[OrSf'/yf
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- ty yhysic:st. Retert Pohl.
'Irenior' thitlolted baisifall 'this "
summer. 'It could be 1,000 or 33gyggty, gay, .l5 (UPIhlundreds ur o [deaitiff e release '
- of additions! radiation were correct it
! of millions of people could die as the 100 's ten years before a major ! of the mining and miling of , Mr. Pohl was correct on the biolacical .
- quaxe luts the area, no one can effects of the re! east of additional radia-;
be sure, Matsen said. But tre ! result ranium b fuel udear-pcweM p- tion into the atmosphe-a. t
'eratcrs of electricity, Representative i "I know there are s lot of biologists.
lClifford Allen Democrat of Tennessee, ! who wtil disag-ee with Mr. Poh!. Dr. '
! said today. . Jordan sa:d.
He said that 2 - port on file with the 8
- Nuclear Regulatory Commissicn inl ,-
Washington stated that enussions of!
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l cancer causmg radiation frcm the mming j er l and milling of uratum were 100.000 times ;
greater than previously estimated.
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. Mr. Allen, a frequent ent:c of utilities .
aponed h:s own mathe=st:cs *o cc:=.e up I w:th his death tol! figure from a raport!
- prepared by Dr. Walter H. Jordan, former; I assistant director of the Oak Ridge Na-l tional ,Laborstory. ;
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a 1 An article on ' America's !! ext Great Crisis: 7 Tate " in The Dm17 1! ail, Catskill, 2 !Tew York, for Januar-y 2h,1973 shows hew bad the water site-den already is all 3 over the United States. I enclose the article. The drain e . the river by cooling h tcwers and power plant is terrific. If the water table of the river sinks-the hi-5 son River will beco=e more saline, since the swell of the tida will bring more salt 6 water further up. This condition will be bad in case the water would be needed to 7 supply drinking water. The water that has gone once through the plant is not the 8 same any= ore. It is devoid of the life that was in it and i; is also poison laden 9 and sc=ewhat radioactive, unfit for plankton and fish. "le ein live without elec-10 tricity but not without water.
11 Greene County is an apple and fruit grewing county and te plu=es frem the cool-12 ing tower will b-ing too much fog and dampness, which will :-ke sete sunshine away 13 for the grcwing of fruit. Too much dampness 2a7 h-ing apple ucab and slugs te the IL ;;rac 3 erch1-is, and scrhy s:ce Strontium 90 onto tk.e grass .u' than into ,h3 chil-15 dren's milk. The environnent is so much conta-inated with r :iconcus chemicals that 16 we aust under no circumstcaces add radiation to it by buildin; these plants aleng 17 the river fronts. .
l'3 I believe the nuclear power plant siting is a =cral issue. If we put up plant 19 after phnt, we e%er-the life of the inhabitants of this earth; because with 20 every ncw plant there is = ore ionising radiation brou~ht into the atz:esphere. It 21 is definitely proven by doctors like Dr. I: win Bress, Dr. Th nas liancuse, Dr. ?.csali?
22 Berte11 and Dr. Ernest Temglass, that 1cw level radiation ca ces "esneer, laukria, ,
1 23 and =akes for genetic effects, and that no level is low encuch not to produce it.
2h 2000 scientists, engineers, biologists, amengst them =any :?obel Laureates, 25 simed a Declaration on the 39th Anniversary of tha * -+ - 'ccabing, saying,
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1 ".. ... ..... The ecuntry must recogni::e that it nevr appears 1 rudent te neve fc-- ard 2 with a rapidly expanding nucle 2r power plant construction pra.w.. ~fe, therefore, 3 urge a drastic reduction in new nuelcar plant construction eta-ts before =ajor pr:g-h ress is achieved in the required research and in resolving present controversies 5 about safet 7, waste disposal, and plutonium safeguards. For simi' r reasons, Te ur p 6 the nation to suspend its program of exporting nuclear plants to other countries 7 pending resolution of the national security questions associated with the use by 8 these ccuntries of the bi-product plutenie= fro = United Stat c nuclear reacters.'
9 (end of quota) 10 The 2000 concerned scientists and engineers, biologists and chemists, that signed l 11 this dochration and presented it to the Congress and the President cannot be nrang.
12 In the loy0's, there were tests in Utsh and only no r the- are findinr out ateut 13 the leu:ce=ia death Of children there, - he!- it is too hte. - f ter peorle e sick lh in their hcus ?: fr,: the chenicals in Sc yound in the Lov; esnal or the radicactive i
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l 15 uraniu= uncer Denver, it is tco late and some years from now it -ill be t o lato to !
16 stop the cancer desth that may to in the wake of uclear pere r plants. ::cw is the 17 ti=e to stop and go back to the old small, abundantfh iro phnts. They can all be 13 reacrivated. This generation's trouble is bi.,noss. Everyth_n.; has to be bigpr-19 bigger machines, bigger bombs, bigger and bigger pcwer plants. The ut:.lities cade 20 the people use = ore and more power. All the advertise =ents lead the people en to 91 buy appliances. Buy, Ery! Euildings use too =uch light. Icek at our hearing rec =.
22 The lirhts burn in the brightest sunshine. ?ie tal'c concer- auien. ~ih7 do we not do 23 senething aheut it. Americans are too ce=phcont.
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1 '" hat there 1 absolutely no need for nere pc-ar1 7 anz is :hom in the article, 2 "?!aw York City faces new drop in jobs, people, Stud3 - Says", by a 'lall Street Journal 3 sts.ff reporter en hy 16, 1977 h ":lew York's population will drop fres its present level of about 7.5 =illion to 5 soneithere between 6.7 million and 7.2 nillion in the early 1980's. The cec =ission 6 forecast e=ployment will continue to fall off through 1985, with the city nest likely 7 loosing 150,000 jobs from the present e= ploy =ent level of 3.2 =1111on, but the pro-8- jected rate of decline is substantially lower than in the past seven years."
9 On May 18, 1977 in an article by,a Wall Street Jgurnal staff reporter titled:
10 " Head of Con F.dison at Meeting defends dismissing workers", it states 8 Con 2dison 11 doesn't expect to need any new generating facilities before 1986, the chaiman said 12 noting that the cocpany predicts 2.5% annual grewth in peak de and for electricity in 13 th; ut:xt decade, m-ared with h.5% for 1968 thm. u@ 1976. If additional electrical 1h caracity is need d, Mr. I.uce said, it can te obtained from tier York For:er Authcrity '
15 and through the ruthority's contract with Hydro 4uebec for sunnar time Tcter frot 16 Ca ada." (end et quoto) 17 The !!ew Yeri; Tiros for May 16, 1977, in an article entitled, "?!cw York Aron Srer j 18 Uce Dips", says: 3e metropolitan area, wnich has a population of 20 millien, had pred 19 viously veen described by the pla:=ers as using one-third less enerry for the average j 20 resident than used by the average A=erican, based ca 1970 data.
22 Yesterday's report said the regions share of natural enercy use had decreased fr =!
22 6.6% in 1970 to 65 in 1975 23 The report siid 1975 calculations again de:2:nstrated the ene s,s-censordng nature 2h of city living. Se !!ew York State secaer of the regien-cith two-third of its pcpu-25 1ation in !!ew Yer:: City--used 20 percent less ener:J per persen in 1C75 than in !!ew
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l l 2 The Uer York sector's energy use dropped 7.3 tercent in - '.1Lt coriod, according l 3 to the new calculatier.s, while it was suffering a 7.5 percen- loss in jobs and i
h while its population went down 1.5 percent." (end of quat,e) 6 i 7
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o oe a e 1 In the took *?erils of the Peaceful Aton" by Richard Cu ':.is an ? Ilinabeth "cgan, 2 2allantine Bocks of New York, it states on page 18h, "Scientis-J estinate that by 3 1980 the plants producing the nation's electric power will rnquire sene two hundred h billion gallons of water per day, nearly all of it for cooling purposes. As noted in 5 Spert Fisghing Institute Bulletin in the JcnuaryJebruary 1M5 issue, "This anount 6 of water co= pares to an annual nationwide runoff totaling 1 :00 billion gallons per 3
7 day. In other 7rJrds, a Quantit7 of Coolant equivalent to cct -oixth of the total 8 amount of available fresh water will be necessary, for coolir.g the stea: alestric 9 power-producing plants. More oninously, during the two-thira of the year when 10 flood flcws are generally lacking, about 'craf the total fresh water runnff will be 11 required for (stean-electric stations) cooling purposes on inland locations. On 12 certain heavily populated and industrialized northeastern U. S. watersheds, noreever, 13 100 percent of available ficw nay be passed through the va&us power-generating ik stations within the watersheds during the 1cw flew periods." And that take us up 15 only to 1980." (end of quote) 16 l
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g I am enclosing the a fridavit by John 'Y. Gottinn, dD, PhD, because I n: o f the opinion that th3 El ven reasons dold true for any nuclear po aer plant. vetner it 1.s build in Oregan or alon6 the liud son River. 'Ve dhould be mo re concern =d and forward - thin.tird and pha se out the nuclear : ness nr4 leave a clean environ:nent to future generations.
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/0 CLAI3 NUCIEAR HAZA?.DS ?!DAUGER THI PUBLIC Tron the St. Lawrence Plain Dealer Canton, U. T. Nov. 29, 1978 EDI"'C?.'S UCTI: This affidavit was written by John ?T. Gefnan, MD, PhD, on behalf of sone members of ths non-violent Trojan Decennissioning Alliance who were arrested in Novenber,1977, for trying to shut down the Trojan nuclear power plant in Cregon by blocking access to it. They were charged with criminal trespass and later found guilty.
I am professor emeritus of nedical physics in the University of California, Berk- ,
ley. I becane a full prefossor there in 195h, and retained that status until taking the encritus status. I have served as associate director of the Lawrence Livernere (Haiia-tion) Lateratory from 196h to 1969. I organized the biomedical progran and department .
thers, with the nission of studying the effects on nan and the renninder of the biosphers j fren all types of nuclear energy activities. I served as the chairman of the dopartnent i l Juring the initial two years.
I hold the PhD degree in Nuclear Phpical Chenistry fron the University of California BerhLey, awarded for my dissertation on the discovery of U-232, U-233, Fa-232, and Fn-233, and for the discovery of the fission 2bility of U-233 with slow and. fast neutrons. It is this last discovery that nakes U-233 available for use in nuclear power plants and for use in nuclear weapons.
I also hold tLs VD degree frors the University of California in San Frar.cisco, Cali-fornia. I interned there in internal medicine.
I have taught in the field of biological effects of radiation and the application of artificial radioisotopes in nedicine ani biology, as well as having taught graduata caurses in biological effects of radiation in cancer prcduction as well as ceurses in the mechaniss of cancer production.
I served as physician to the Aerojet General Hucleonics Corporation, a conpany =an- i ufacturing nuclear reactors and fuel elenents, a position which I was selected because of I ny background b nuclear energy and its medical effects.
As a result of my education and research in relevant areas, I feel cualified to aka l the stateaents which follow in this affidavit.
If called upon to testify in the trial of the Trojan Dece=nissioning Alliance defen I dants, I would testify as follows:
I have carefully examined the performance of the regulatory processes in nuclear ener and conclude that these precesses do not work and do not provide any protection to the public from injury by nuclear energy.
It is my opinion that the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Power 22nt er any other nuclear power plantereates an %-ediate hazard to =enbers of the public as a direct result of its creation of artificial radienuelides, such nuclides creating the hazard of cancer, leukenia, and genetic injury to the public.
It is a fallacy to thhk that an accident is necessary to create the ha:ard. The hazard is created the morent the radionuclides are generated in the nuclear power plant.
This is se for the following reasons, my reasons being extensively supported in the research papers appended as exhibits two, three, four, five, si=, .and seven.
Reason One: Thors is no such thing as a safe dose of radiatien with respect to cancer, leukemia, or genetic nutation injury.
O e
CIAIh3 UUCllut II. CARDS ENDANGER TH3 pUELIC
/re.a ca St. laurenzo Flain Dealsr paga 2 Cantan, Ucw York Mov. 29,1978 Reason Two: All authoritative bodios han held that we =ust operate on the basis that thare will be such injuries in proportion to accu =ulated dose ef radiation dean ta the lowest deses.
Reason Three: It is not credible that contain the radisnuclides perfectly, with or without accidents. Indeed, such nuelides l are released during so-called ner..al operation. Therefore, it follews that injury to hur.ana is guaranteed the =enent the plant starts to operate ari to create the nuolides.
In fact, the killing starts even before a plant operates, because the million of uranium far its fuel releases radsn gas, which H119 people now and for the next billion years.
s Reason Four: The workers in the nuclear power plants receive a dose that will pre-voke genetic injury, and because of intermarriage with non-workers, this will result in the genetia degradation of the population-at-large, one sf the most se-ious ef all types of hu=an injury. Since the workers start receiving this does the nement the plant oper-ates, the injury is, in effect, established the nement the plant starts to operate.
Reason Fivo: There has been gross public decep ,ien and public misunderstanding conecrning the so-called "por=issibls" or "tolorance" dose of radiation. The public has
- been nisled into believing that such doses are without cedical eff act, when in truth such "pemissible" doses represent nothing other than a legalized per=it to co=mit mur-der upon uenbers of the population.
Reason Si=: Even though the injury manifests itself after periods measured in 7 ears, the actual injury is done to the genetic =aterials, nanely, genes and chromosonas, i=sediately upon radiation. Thus, it would be totally falso to assume there is no inmed-iate injury involved. The injury is i==ediate, is a dant;er new, even though visibly ranifest at a later tino.
Reason Seven It is only the simplest of legio that is required to denenstrats that the ossance of protection of one's health and life and those of his or her children (and their children) must necessarily reside in prenntion of production of the radionuclidas, since nnee produced, these radienuclides will gnarantee the ht=an injury and deaths.
The only way to prennt the production of the radionnelides is not to have nuclear power pl:nts operate.
Roason Eight: It may be inappropriately assumed that the operation of a nucl2ar plant is not an "i= mediate" threat to health and life. For the reasons outlined above, the threat is immediate. A simple, and highly relevant, analogy is provided in the oc-currence of a fire. We do not consider it rational for one to wait to try to put out a fire simply because the flames havo not started to burn our clothing or our skin. Also, we do not consider fire-fighters to be destroying preparty when they sust back awa7 at furniture and other property objects and real estate in '5 effort to control the bla:3.
Property in a fire we consider the threat innediata no _ m ter hcw far the fla=es have sprea.
at a giran moment, and we takes actien on this basis. The situntion is no different far a nuclear power plant. Prevention of the injury and death of members of the publi: from the operation of a nuclear power plant is a public service. I am. aware of no inst 2nce in tae civilian econe=7 where we take it as a premise that injury and murder of tha men-bars of the public is to be regarded as a beneficial act.
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. .".'.r,3 :Td1212 h C\2D3 IN)felGER Tii3 PU~cdC page 3 17 c ou t'io St. Lawr:nce Plain Dealer
- ov. 29, 1978 Canten, IIew Yorh RauanIIine Since the remdatory processes do not ork to pret20t tha mblic, c.r.l since the regulatory authorities centinuo to grant liesnses for the ranica n r i r of
- aesaries of the public through the licensing cf nuclear perter plants, it is abun-6tly claar that the public can count upon no protection against victimi:ation thrsuch T.ho regulatory process.
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/J 1 The waste proble= has taken on such propertienr that i+. is high time we stop 2 ma'dng this kind of waste. It is horrible that after such a long ti=c no solution 3 for its disposal is at hand. 7e have no right to make future generations nurse-h = aids of our deadly garbage and we have no right to continue to bring cancer and 5 leukemia to our childr'Ja., Ife must strive to bring our enviror :ent arain in order 6 and =ake for a safe and clean world with renewable and clean enerE7 by the sun, 7 geothor=al wind and water. There is plenty of heat inside the earth. We do not i:eed 8 trillion dollar satellites that come down again and be a new danger to mankind, with C microwaves and what not. Power has not to come frem big plants. It :: rat be on 10 smaller scales. Every house and s m11 cc::nunity could have sun or wind p:wer. Geo-11 ther=al - uld be provided in coc:= unities, like in Iceland. '"his all would also =ake 12 for jobs galore. Our technology has gone in for bigness 'ci ger and bigger, =cro 13 showy. Why? To cutdo Russia? When progress }. rto the people, it is not rroposs lh any more.
15 These are my feelings and beliefs and I think tNis is what the 'Jnited Staws le Constitution guarantees us, a decent world to live in. l 17 ,
18 I am enclosing soce o f my own letters to anew n re I stanc.
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./ y/ / 77 20 per Copy St Leuers to the Editorjde vartous nuclear plants are cost went from S cents a prsund be fooled Dv the socn a be Une for @& to 60 cents, repairs are ex-
. t missmmng. Here too, sa t.k ' tremely high, the whole plant beautiful parks nat Con" Ed question how to do and wnat to provides to mak , as tney say has to be snut down for :t and do wim 1em.1!ost Itkely Wey decommissioning also has to be m e Nuc! ear pla is compatible will be left where they are, figured in. A plant that cost 55 wkth Nature. N dear plants in because they are too hot to million dollars to budd would the midst of urns are not hand!e, monuments of man s cost about 100 million to sculptures and certainly n:;t stupidity. If they would be decommission. (The figures i beauttiul. Re . arks are ad. d:smantMd, the nactor imm vertiacments to eil you more am usmgin this artic!e are frcm auclear plants. Mey do away We contamment would have to an art.i.cle " Pay:ng the Nuclear be bur:ed deep into the ground, p1py by Tom Wicker in the N.
m2 the facts. that nudear :or almost a hundrea ytars p; ants are da. ;erous, eun Y. Times. Sept. ?! 77t bei re it would 'oose some of ;ts The greatest haaard will be more so now, a ce the racio.
radtoact!":ty. ta danger to our drmi:ng (
active waste has to be stored %ht ot the risks,the work-nght nest to the plznt. That water. Stany leaks from the min have to take to handie 2e atomic waste have already Rosalie G.ter wurded Con 200? Here are mon risks, Eds Gar:en at Ir_ an Pomt me occured and the waste bemg highest honors is also hazarcs and problems, that stored alongside of the plants propaganda for the nucicar cannot be solvec with the endangers streams and rivers plants. I am surethe Gardens at nuclear plants. So why not and may also sdanger some of I aam:t that the whole thmg is a the wells in the vicm:ty.
Lake 5tohans with the fadare and turn to sa.e and background of Rocks and The by-pass of 9W aiw mua rncre economical techmques. not happen, espec: ally they 3!aunta:as and the dear air are dure solar and geothermal more aestetic than the radio- want a permit before they have ,
techmques will co.st more ta a license. If the plant does not I active audear parks: Presiderst build, however, they are 1 Carter's talks before the get licensed. of which there is a electica nade you believe that cheaper once they are chance, it would be a terrible estabtished, since there is to nuisance, and disruption. We he wou!d t.rtng m solar energy, fuel cost, but alas nct so much however. ;t :s a cifferent storv must not let them step ove us.
now, the n.nshme roof our th'e a. d m Even if the plant should come
- naugura':enis covered no w t:th hm ,Y here, this is not necessar/. I hase 2em. S re i a dark r. dear cloud. 70 more . In the book: r.arth. W.ater, t- re better ways to p.
rum pogd/trom the nuclear plants, J They must not be budt. Rey ind and Sun Our Energy there are plenty of alternatives, i are ad m.dt ta human decency. .A!ternatives, by D. S. Halacy, which can be built r ght where Jr . published by Harper and tney are needed, m New York 3e was:e imm 1em and from Row, it states: For all its the nuciear weapons systen Oty. We do not need the:r sopmsucation, de nudear plant garoage upstate :n lancti:4. Ia w111 destroy de worid. if we do
- s s:mply a heat engite. Sur- them make electnc:ty w;tn it.
rot put a aop to it. 74 mdlion pr stngly. :t is less effic:ent dan gallons ci high level muitary I.mdfills are not saratary. Bey old fashioned coal, od, or gas- also rum the and.t waste, phis addit:ocal quan- ared macames (and ;t cannot tities frem powv plants are We have to fight harder to g g ,g 3, go,g hold a candle to the Water- keep PASNY out and for *nat.
- h D' I C "**""0"#3 we need everybocy's support.
River and Idab c alls. s sides Poweplant is ab 2 pecet these there are J.WO I tett:c Please support the activit:es of anc:ent; it wastes c pecmt of the Cit:2 ens tc Preserve the tones of commere:al low level 2e heat centent of its fuel. Re waste m storage. And not ya a Hudson Valley, Inc.
nuclear plant wastes 70 pecent S ncerely yours.
solut:an r its d:sposal. eand thus it also thermally Stary Berner pollutes the environn mt that age,,,3 mucn more.
That nuclear po wer is
- cheaper is not true. The l bu:!cmg cost for t .em has za!;oped u;;warcs &; a the fuei
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g%e7%y hPj #1) .) q profit in rnimng and reime?
J a a% The power from the sun is fr-After solar energy -
established, the pr:ce of e!*e
. tnc:ty shcu.d be raascnab.>
i g g g g' by the NRC x nuclear com- cc::sGinption and~the 'ecclegy. cheap.
plexes consistir.g of a3 . to +0 When they are finally found Yesterday three scientista
- antsin one place mth clusters unsafe or poisonous they are quit at the General El. P! ant in To the Editor: of cooling towers that arelarger given one or two more years to San Jose. They are against the hunger stalks the world in than 30 story high skyscrapers. , stay in the maraet. , nuclear power plants because many parts of the globe. , ; MUe lugh vapor. plumes would ,
, It is the same with arcmac. they are too nsky. In the paper Popuiat:on is growing out of ~ black att the stat over be land ; "Cntical Mass" of the Citizen
- rat, oration. txa more and more . and would ram salty mist over ! they powerareplants. It is unreliable, full cf risk, known matt '. Movement to stop Nuclear arable land is going to be lost.t ' miles around onr the land- t wasteful and costly and that Power, January, it states
- The Overgrazed and overworked , scape. Steam from the cooling -i tbm never win be a safe place Federation of American land is gomg to dust. Bad crop- towers could be seen m, e this earth to hold thE-esor. Scientists (FAS) released the years e3haust te surpuses of Wilmmgton, Dd. and Newark mous acedinTalated rad!oactiv' e ; result of a poll of its 7,0C0 ncher nations. In America
- and possibly from the World j wastes. They try to build them : members on Dec. 8,1975, farmland is taken over by Trade Centerin New York City. showing that 62 percent of its devesopers for housing and Once throtalb cooling would It aM Hndm aM de sithgs j
' with.the full knowledge that , re8pondents favor either a zero shoppmg centers. Housing requtre several tunnels the size growth or a halt to cew cen.
develognets dnve up the land of $e lincoln Tunnel to tring t Gar 3um is in short supply. .
taxes for farmers, and farmers ; structions of nuc! ear power the ocean water to the parts. (Westinghouse carmot fill its pianu. The baUot was 16 per-that would hus to hand ther orden d 65 million pounds and
"% tat abots pollution of the cent for . rapid advacce. 21 land on to the2r sons are forced water? Large areas would have
- bas to cancel delivery cen.
to sell to the developers, to be deforested to make enottgh esetaD pdce of uranium has percent go slow, 36 percent because estate inheritance i room for these pacts, and the nsen from 8 centa a pamd to 40 montomm and :s percent cents. IJke wie h 4 h phase out.
taxes take most every thmg. So . vacation land, the beados and the farmland is shrinkmg snore the tourist trade would be uranium deh countnes ma
} form a cartell and the price Arthur R. Tamp!!n a::d and more. Bjoern O. Gillberg, Speaken at Atomic power plants satle on completely spoiled. % tat about j 'may l
double. Where is the the mmunal radioactive em- .the 2nd Criticall Mass Con.
me river frorts where usually misions? It would not be pg.ng g3,,p ,gegggy,'
me most ferule land la found. iminimal anymore from ao Atomie plants are a bad ference in 75 with Ralph Nadar These plants isve a lifalme of ; gamblewhicheurway youlook at Washington. D.C. prepared many pants to one paa De ; at them, and in its wake ma "A Critical Cntique" for the abo'.a 30 a 35 years. Hereafter article says this clustering they have to 12 ismantled or someday be a "Premetheus Government of Sweden and the would beneft taxpayers by head of the Department of <
4 eft. Singh Baj,.a 4 the NRC saving construction costs and Cnsts"(I recommend that bocc mea:ng last week ad:utted to be read) much bigger than Industry en the tatsrds of l reduce the hcmse time." It will , the book descr:bes, because urban sitmg of nuclear power mat no tree wtll ever grow on also reduce be sunstine from )
that land again. 200 to 1000 te pecples lives. It says, "ne there will be no one left from Sants, which I pt ficm Mr. '
pe er mants are in be thought- .
inside the plant to tell the tale C.ll! berg at the coctennce. It pumes may dza.c pte or nse as horizarts of Mr. Ford and the high as 7,000 fee above the and miles around. . states in the bocklet, that poetr concens. Figtre ewry The plants are built without repairs on a nuclear reactcr towers, forming clouds ex-15 years acres upon acres will tending as far as M maes .having the storage waste take mere time and more have to gne way to radio-active downwind casting large solve and the workers than siim!arrepairs on powerpant cemetaries. % tat a tadows en the ground below."
I. problem.gg pgg,,d are pushed cal. fired plants. In order to wLta of money, materials and Peope of Greme Courry, iand built without having the avcid exceed!ng each woraer's most of all de%et:an of land. Beware, do not la one plant be ; problem of the right steel alloy maximum permissible Where are these peopl: s built here, another and another 'for sthe breeder resetcr fuel radiatica expceure, a large"'
encern for the :'24ie and be will follow. Greene Cot =ty :s ! rods? The presently used steel mmber of men must work emu:g generations? We (b not marked by them for an elec- -swells up under the 1000 times
- sequentiaUy witin a confined ^
know, how radiation behaves tr: cal corr dor for New York g , space to make repairs on-after me domes of the power- State. Alfready they gave l bardment of neutron particles me! ear reactor systems. For -
pants are lifted, that hold the . in the fuel reds of a breeder- example, at Commonwealth 1 permismen for the transmenn radiation in check now, just as unes. Get behind the Citisms to ; @ aev searchmg for new Edison's Dresden Nuclear we do n ot k:ww inw far away Preserve the Hudson VaDey in *
'aHoyar but.the bNeder goes on . Power sta % n, a neent an underground bomb blasting its fight against the en. therrarket.The problem w1H be prol nged outage took 350 men ought be responsible for cart coachmet of nuclear power 'solvn !ike the waste ;roblem , etallto make repeirs (nat 12 men mosemmt and tr:gger ear- plants on the Hudson River. We afterwards. done,, on a
'hquakes or someday poHute needallyour heh, financial and The! U. S. Energy and! fs pla the aqwier. moral support. Re fight w111 be - Resserch Development Ad. m Must man cortmue with tis devils ; fay for ;rofits saae?
Icng and estly. We must wm.-
Sincerely yours i ministrations largest single [latec S me en*fq c r pow pla energy research project the arm tat *it is With conservat. ion and a " del:1 - Mary Berner breeder costs 1500 :nillion a .
a:ergy policy" man can still Athms. NY 23'_f.Ms.' year and.the total government ch tw save the land and the en- . -- . eutlays- before com.
mere:alizatiot, according to . tnc:ty byproducmg radoach I
virocment. Sucpower is free l
.md crean. noe is atso wmd The B. ig Risk bo. Y. nmee'>f an. u are ;'o*g97g;=lgn$fer ,
and water, geothermal and espected'to reacn $10 billion.
aber alternartves. De gar- Very little money is spent on Sincerel "
To The Editor: '
bage. ttat also hils ce land in Medicino, pills. chemicag - the development of solar me landf:!Is. is :: sed in some detergents. aH kinds of food. energy. This fiscal year federal f- - - ^#IE['
g ctres to make electne:ty. I additives. food colas, and you spendingfor nuclear research is '
neN.Y.Timesof today,Feb.
name it, are brought on the 3ers rnillion for fossti. fuel *:53 -.
Tth tcIls of a C3:aget reprt of market la our modern, rnillion cd for solar energy only r.
a study be Oce4C.umtycNJ. . v*r al sw!d before they are $25 million. Why so little?
testad.to be sa.f_e. for human Because solar energy will not
Illuit uts httle,6tdl I.eausittJ Sulir hert b ran pelliding. titd,isit rust a gred f alltcy 44 2 dY k tcdd U.ue ci4>tmpus (mtly lJssict berume ausered unh the
- 4 """N""
htsh,"61* fir8 st , hab e v'"e worst nean enade posw n, the r lJasds, si.est uo krsrg, that the a liutunium 235, with a h,dt bfe of r
, N ne ts.tly StatlJshtay.si'au 68 I ye.t.auary t5.1918.( 4tatti.S V overduid cost util he nil- lechferationof thuellanta wdi m 60 years? I'lutonium as t _.
-- - _ l thersfare in the long s tui it wdi , gradually olJiterate hfe cn this ., hamBed by w many yicau ~
give really theep piwss, tha enth. Re edad **mmimap-nni3ggn.cf raAsattive mater aumparnes in llanfad Wash ,
We man t,e using its Laichctal and this is a great tent, there t. al- We=t Vdlley, N Y., l h hng, To the Ednur: 'd)s for the heatuig, hghtuig ru proht,or at least hade p u6t froni one (Jant in the N.Y., Murris. Ill., Er w us, Tenn .,
l cannuut sce, why much at and u,elmg of our 6 mew fut die big ualugrsete t=Jaas (8 J l>leasonson, Cal.,theCrescent, loser I antsJ als.) die big renwin, are fosted upts Als cudy sosne laimen ui guada, nuw dare has sad Inn rauch Llican why up to moshacre qua wdl te slaulted andugJed, lit , One:swi(k, l'a , i m h-way they LudJ smillcr cummuntiles; when Flunda and CaMornia are ruw ha clustess. 6,lmg towers, that spew in.nu tons of burgh, l'a ., and in "Airansit th:y are tua dangesuun lo he hearcJ die War way. Mudng nu,nt y aHocaleM4 ra;>cara.li on Idetucen these placca and the Lulld sicar lag titica. latugJ fs to an artide la the (tristian solar energy. I hchese utdtties water vapur daily into the air W that Atgd tie iaate ows.cl will murtly hate a great impact guwer gJanis it as ahtped in illwes in smaller rusumusutits I Janes, trucks and radroad3*
kra uuth jaat es mu h as those im lhe &nwe Enutor of January Massadiusins n, In ,, Agac.4 push is on, to use tai the arruos@ere, when 42 ' labealed: "Fias son a ble in the citica. Bhy almiuld they wstufc of Teshnology l'udt a , nudear gJants.Preadcut Nisun glaned,1,0x1 Sants will le in take a rt,k. Diet others 44 se.t in IW, pu os darm as a saltaOn for calstence by die ye ar 2000. '> nsaterial." What al,out ac.
' mad. Re it L esists, enn *"la heale.1 twuse four yeasm bik:- the energy crises, but they are lhase wdl te stadess days, fog' ' cadents in transiurt, or ac.
aut.tecauseit,it takes t,udinotahs humidity, greater caseig4tation cadentsin the psces thst hanJe
! Unsuch Dr. thue la it,y* operated ataosfuHy, then abankned st? uhat atout cencer amung t thairmanof the Atonuc Entsgy trcauw fuel was cl.e.p and to biuld one, that is os c is pa'* and enure ccy con tions in the the working. peulJ e in those
, Conumnian 6.ys ~%cre is su 1.lentsf ul. Dr, Glaser, satJ, amider favorite conditions. I winter. Cancer. I.cukernia' ! Cancer shuws u hve or I daces?
Exxon pushes thern, txcause Einphesyma . stuun troutile
- d. niger."Seantor llace 64 U.e Alic . nulady wanted hs luaw with the own the big uranisan tuincs l and arthritis .udt he, snoa c ten yearslater.of Gurse pmgJe energy. Solar water are capendable and the pace of f 1V show, *hgy Celsia" on . solarheaters are already a 6tauLird near 04 wr, Wyosamg and rampant thad ever.
May 31, twJ ytuttd: h 1,c enarkte jtun in Austraha anal emas. he land is 6trats anised la u mnrul to spend the las : uurk is rut IJJmed for st.
Our sistwn shutdd u>me to #1s 3*'*'I
- art- In- fu Hs uranhan aanJent. Mure Wersmoney for[J nuthat are .. umes and lauk to the stui with pohat,1y IJggest the 14ggest hmgle rLk that raak, theany I*'"'I b money is in the snining and sale lol 88f", 81wdys Jagued 1,y saihmated energy and other rivduuS4 f.as eser iden." hcient . sealled each month. .the of ef.
uraniurn, than las the tants heat water to 158 isoduction of gasuhhe and od. ' troublesgeoducir>g less foeffic ent and (lema bources of cricrgy and it.d14 Is Ital.pinia.t Sunday's d gress in two hours of sun- hergd dian 50 taranatun shuid percent futled
%nes klagartne anyd, "l?s. addne, an electric huosta 1.tJps lhe makisig of enrictied >f their capacity of tic (tricity?
I Jants,that ure ws thsaHou.tuig pcssenced reactor esperts l'i rainy days. . uranttun k ilds for the nudvar * <% hat aiutd the waste from and dangerous.
gadmit thht d.is sequence of .
UNI CO m a recast I.arin reattuss by Exiuun . Nudcar these g.lanta? 'lhere has nut yd events cutJJ happen. tmaior es- Gnig,anws plant in itithland. a gJace been found tu saicly 11arbara Ward and Itene
'"#CII8'd ruannmentled Ibbus in "thly one Eardi" say; jacri&nt - (hina hadun.ch ptomentadun wh undW %ANeser in W de busine** Aguse of this hi t*hly radio. "It cannut said tuu of ten that m e
, lint co Jend that it's & pes dcnt less, d me pogie active matter; nesther the un a ses othoflagldy hutusLalle gaaering saleides. De are now playuig atead muh the Ud8'"*'ay of prida lah is insist on really cle.u. energy. oceuiWar the atitmics are is1 mal energy of the umscrac.
eunts." Mony newntists asy, lly 6ttulying solar water solar 6r other clean atteinans- satisfactory, la cither place the Any carelessness, any 0 at they are nut wi unprolatJe. gs heating, swimming pool hke g(udarmal,the nukes udl siccilined cisnent cuflus udi casualness l any calculus baseJ I lthink 4 in sheer immorahty to dar habug, m.lar le lJaased out. An.utca has gradulally corrude.. If we kdl upon inwardlooking national un.imue, with al.c knamn facts, IddO"O ",rchigeration and air shidation the life in the va we udl alw wivantage and prestige ur on a
. to ute more ntwicar [nwer coutht toning; solar energy gdenly of cord. What aluut kall mankind. ' ver 160 Puck proht gr.med by mme I d.uJs anymt.cre. utan there auncentratum, solar 1,ower gauhcatum of cash it la clean, anormons cemea . .as stored smartly turned rummercial I Jants, solar cuoku g, solar l'ari:1.as used gathage lo mhke fidlinth thin gotson. ue lhmford are w snany altesn.acs la the
&Jl s utterly und.mkalJe an p otJcm. furnare, mechanical power, guwir for a yeass ,lias s ontdg Wash. One hall mdhun gallons thia eunte n t . Men are not h is a gJay unh the deul. "A "M M' 'Y has teaked frum them toto the Faustaan tsar g.asn"'b'd for the M' m engancs, lar gnunp, w4sf rum
" sam b "tas y landidl.#' k *that 3 mdq a gh. wh g w g,3 g ,e ram or mm new.- % cv 3,c
' lentl e, a ler Alt V. L'ncese. "n% ul"8 4'8 d "l) 8d d" . the I"nd by de .:ru>hg 16 3 g, ,,ng , g g,, u ,m
!! tait r d so, pus m i,1 solar thennophase sn:H tug (if wd. and dat M &w d.dN, seu.hes of the Envuuranent for cotu se the utug of nudear itesnarets of the futume, Inc.of naprocating engine con- i dabt has to be done m a hurry, t;randeht!drcn and the issuic Vd M"4 to CIcdf8C88Y. he*ad' g, e d mm **
Washingtun D C calls it.
treatsuent and salar humes Dr. lefore new cleaa indiah of Bux 40 Nuticar guscr wdl s.x,n le I d8 3#f 688 Cased, that potJcmu a gy L.ruducteoa some la 0,e Mary tierher Athens i d4.?'m fl Y.
passee We 64 e on the thresh .l.1 suu. t he solved with local
%e mvested JJiarn m@t -
l0f a neu ga. We caiof a..Lt materials under local con t ..
lower. %e aie I.,4n.g to u.e ahtions, lie cautions "Sda:
Man, fl.e giver af hic. s a.t wny wM m,t mum an ou Astrhaave 4 ah for salsathin p Am6, hi,1 it wdl mugpl nar&d enrrgy without uJacer invis onment al effetta v. )
eunarund our fossd lur tud of stuute i
//
Fn.. J.an. ;u. in, m The nuclear la besides de h- b h M( 1 most expensive way of solv.ng me power problem. These plants are the most expensive to tudd and three times more
- expensive to dismantle after 30 T7 V h)ee b4 f3 4J ;
99 h a wg(7)I3If years short use. In fact 2cy consider nct to cismantle mem.
- they want to cloth them wun -
mountains of cement. So we wdl leave radio-active monuments ad Energy" Vol. !!I No. 6 the rate of 90 million gallons per for future generations to lood at and tage ancmer ace of land FASNY Pushing saye xso sovernment ar.d hour. In May it6 v===c mdustry exclude workers when Yankee released a2.0w gallons away for new plants from food tney clatm dat no member of of radio-active water ato me goduct:on. In the eno you wdl To the Eitor: have nuclear cemeteries au Anocer y ear has gone by and te public has teet killed by Connecucut River." End of PASNY :s scul pushmg to locate nuclear power, overall health quote. I could fill pages with around. How beaunful.
a nue! ear plant or two into the rifects of nuclear power cannot examples of these amd of We spod the looks of the beautiful Hudson Valley. be evaluated without con- happemngs. I am sure it does country s:de with ugly and costly long transmtssion lines, ;
Cementon is stdl the prime site. =dermg workers. According to not speak for safe nuclear which also loose a lot of elec-However, the opposition to AEC figures between 1943 and plants. tric:ty on the way. We could nuclear;ower plants is groweg it6,3:1 workers died from "aB New York State is alted to avoid these lines if we would g an over the world. More and causes" and 10.086 sustamed become the high level budd garbage consuming power more 2e public gets aware of > rusabding injurtes. However, radioacuve waste depository plants in New York City; his ce fangers innerent in these crJy 3 of te deaths were due to for the world. West Valley ;s would solve the garbage plants 2nd the safety of them is rncation, accordmg to AEC. pcked for the place. Already also more questixed. Jack But a 1970 census by the U.S. ' too much radioactive waste has p oblem twofold in the c:ty and Andersonis corra:t m stati s in Puche Health Service noted 142 seeped from that place into the ce country. It would do away the Catsad] Dady M.ul that woraers ceath from radiation ground and the drmking water with me sanitary landfiHs that rs&auon is more dangerous exposure and Iao Goodman of of that section may one of these are often rat braeding ;iaces can ts common ly believed. The ce Atomic Tecnnical Com- days become completely unfit with foul odors and te danger nuclear industry as wen as te mittee of AFIrCIO documalted for humans and ammal con- of methane gas that has leaxed nuclearsciencecommittees and 2:raiationdeath in the atomic sumption. New York State in New Jersey and lang Island nuclear assoc:auc:n, natonal industry...Of 3710 death beefit people must not let this yappen. into the houses framlandfills. It as well as internauonal make c! alms filedinbehalf of workers Everybody should speak out also would eliminate the cost of I bitje of the hazards, in fad, at Se AEC's Hanford facity, against the storage depository. seding the garbage upstate. l mey ignore them. In sctccce as 670 ef the workers had died of Why are our leaders so Methane has has also kdled l well as other professions, some cancer.1,eo Goodman has shortsighted and do not look into trees and vegetation in the I cf them see r.ct furter thaa rasearched 1500 accidents the consequences. How can neignborhood of landfi!!s. l It has been found, that cement merr own exper: ment, they utsch occurred between IN4 anyone not realize me hazards actua!!y believe these plams to aad 1%7 at nuclear facuit:es that the nuclear has brought dust is an excellent enr:cnment to cattle feed, because it is full te M We see that with all the .r.3 the AEC compted 404 into the world. It is sheer of minerals and cale:um, as demicals. est ecme on the p er plant emissions of seifishness to reap profits from rnarut and ! ate have to be radioacuvity into the en- things, that do not profit reported in the New York ,
- hrtrawn, b-cau:e of ha:ards .trenment which occurred mankmd and destroy gradually 'Umes, Dec. L6. '977. It can be '
i to me environment and be Ntween 1963 and 1 777. At the earth. Where is their con- mixed with the normal feed 3
- eop;* IQrida's Turkey Point tractor >ctence? rations and the animals gain as '
- .ut Spring, radio-active water much as 4 pounis a day. On a
&au>aes saos otherwtse. An I article ;n the magazine " People h.ued from cooling ponds at 112 day test at a BettvHle. Md.
research center u was established that the dust- fed (
cattle graded as average of t
" Top Choice Meat" the teef I was more juicy than from the (
cattle rations alone. But a:as, brmg the nuclear plant to :
Cementon and you will haw 3 radioactive cement dust with a c wonderful addition of Cesium f 137, Strontium 90, lodine 131 and g Carbon 14 in your juicy beef-steak. It sure will be ;ucier then.
Alot of me milk our endc.ren get already contams Stronnum N.
Nuclear plants must be phased out and with them s lot of cancer would also disappear.
We are lookmg for cancer cures;let'slook a little more fcr
.the causes and eliminate then.
Sinceresy yours, Mary Berner Athens, NY aus
u s .
/3
- .b. @ O ,
The nuc! ear is still advertised A' report from Washington in To The E6 tor:
Can you picture the World of as the cneapest and c!eanest the N. Y. Times July 12, ficm Tomorrow, when hundreds of way to make energy. This is a the office of Science and usedout nuclear power plants, great lie. The building cost of Technology cast; doubt on the entombed in cement or moth, nuclear plants is exorbitant, the long range suitability of nearly balled and welded in steel, line fuel cost is very high, repairs all current proposals for stormg our now beautiful nyer fronts? and shut downs go into the nuclear waste underground.
Perhaps they will build millions and the end costs of John M. Deutsch, the head of playgrounds for our children dismanteling or burying they the panel said: "I'm not here outside of the forbidden zone. have to be figured in, as well as today to tell you that a solution ne inside of the contamment the cost of monitonng and is at hand, or that it wi'l te chamber will be hot and solving the waste problem. That easily obtainable tomorrew."
radioactive for hundreds of will go into the btllions. 3 tan has run into a dead end years to come, and who can Sun power must be the street and further ac- I guarantee that cracks will not cumulations must be stopped. It j soluti n to the world,s energy deve!op in the shell and the rnust be the end of nuclear I whole surround:ng will be power plants as well as nuclear contaminated. An article by [a 'ed to y n
.. ""*" IC #il" ha' dE"8'sre People people the world Jonathan Kandell in Jt.ne 17 N. ; m3 e
- Sunsat Y. Times says: "Do we has e the over. In any confrontation it is moral right to leave these 8hy always the innocents that suna no con sting of and are destroyed. .he plants in place knowing that it Govemment Industry Boeing will take hundreds, perhaps "5tcDonnell Douglas, Lhkheed' hsha We wem 6 l thousands of years before they Grumman. General Electnc, noemt nctims. We m. Amenca cease to be dangerously are not promoting peace by Westinghouse, RCA, Startin radioactive?" end of quote. ! Selling ammunition, we g:ve 51arietta Aerospace and others.
say NO, we have no nght to them me means m conume ,
They are planning to control b d anymer uc!ea r sunpower by putting a satelite wa y's N.Y. Times Boyce herationshould be shortly phased out and replaced with Q ,bea they will transmit solar energy Renberger says: " Lag in world IO EU " " ' "
d ". Africa is hard hit. afsny newer and safer alternatives. famin to the earth. Micrawaves are mom p"ple in denkpg Conservation has brought down not yet fully understood, and # #
the use of power already and they cannot be fully controlled.
rnth more conservation and fo d shortage. than ever before.
Theycan havean adverse effect "
f5
. ewer methods there is no need on the health of the pecple by up sing m to meir ran
' [ 3E c ! e The old fossil fuel plants are The ionosphere and the Association of the U N.
estimates the number of people suppmed to be replaced with stratosphere arein danger from the so-called " cleaner nuclear , suffenng chrome malnutnMn them. Planes and birds are -
plants. If scrubbers would be endangered, and television and has nsen to 455 million from 400 enforced for the fossil fuel mi!! ion at the begerung of the radio interruptions will result.
plants, they would give service There is also another thing, decade. ,
many more years than any With the money that is wasted microwave beams can be used nuclear plant. But this would as weapons in time of war to m wespes,, hunger could te give a little ess profit for the bombard people with. The w1 ped et m me wide, wide utihties. initial cott to launch such a *0EId amcenly
_ yurs, We are the country with the satellite would be from 40 to 80 most coal in the ground. We are Mary Bemer billion and the complete cost exporting coal and importin8 A mens might run up to one tnllion the expensive oil. Somewhere dollars.
the thinking of our California already is taking policymakers is all wrong. They steps to prevent late cor-are working for great gams and porations from gaining a profits of the big utilities and monopoly m the developing energy monopoises. President solar energy. (The foregoing Gerne Cour.ry Newi sec. t hse t Thursday, Juiy :0.19N. CatMI. N.Y.
Carter is bramwashed by his informatica is from "Cntical -
onen;y secretary James Mass Jo :rnal, June 1973L Sn!csinger, wno is given more Solar energy must come from power by Carter to promote smaller groups to be benefic:al nuclear energy. Schlesinger, to mankind; it cannot be accoremg to some press reports another mistaxe like the is naving a new job besides to nuc! ear er we are gomg from head an admimstration panel to the devil into the deep biue sea examine solar energy; what a and monopolized utilities wil' farce, a man who has cut the reap ex:essive profits from the solar funding to a tnfle. people.
_- - _ ff C'me Couiry News Sec. B Pase ! Thweisy, November 16.1978, CatmII. N.Y.
MTIMolhe m ETOR The NRC after a sod samifing Janmne Horucker of Tan-To the Editor: nessee, a candidate fer the If you thmk nuclear ;uwer has calculated that 6.M cubic yards (about s.000 tor.s of vacant 5th District
- Jants are safe, then liste to
- wnat comes frtrn a small contammated earths std! have Congremoul seat Ms .ded a nuclear reactor of the U.S. to be removed. He Navy has to 152 page patt:on wah the Navy, that has fimshed its hie dig down 15 more meters. What Nuclear Regulatory Cor.1-about the boys that have to do mission calling for the end of and had to be dismantled. This
- s taken from an artic!e by the pbs? Are they candidates nuclear generated power. It is a very tnorough study of all the Owen Wdkes and Robert Mann for cancer? This all sounds like a grun fairytale but this is the ijls tad effects of ionized m the October issue of "The folly of nuclear power. He raditicn, backed by Scientists Bulletm of the Atomic Scien- Statistics and statemets from tists". De reactor ts called i economy of it is bad, a waste of 5 the taxpayers money and health doctors and professonals and a Nukey Poo and was budt m the vetion on the laws of people's Antarct:c at the Mc. Murdo f wise the biggest crune. We are
' contaminatmg the whole earth. ;ghts under the Constitut:on of Naval Station. ne est: mated ~ he Unite 15tates to re;ect that' mst for the reactor was $1.4 mthout any censideration for million, however the actual cost the public and future stuch is harmful to our hfe and generations. happmess.
was 3 mdlion. It functioced I recommend that this badly at the begmning and had ne people of the world must awaken and put A stop to the petition be read by everybody.
long shutdowns. Cunng shut- It can be had for a smallcharge
&wns diesel f.;el had to be nuclear proliferation of power plants and nuclear weapons. throughlatry Bogart, P.O. Box flown to the Antarc'ic at Re indifferet people must be 619, Woodstock. NY 12498. Mrs.
mormous costs and, the pl. anes Honicker was also present at 8 shaken out of their sleep and to bring it in used as much fuei the Cntical Mass Conference as as they carrted in. rallied befund our cause. We I can not allow more plants to be a speaker.
i built and the sale of nuclear Sincer-iy yours Since concrete could not be weapons andreactoWore@ Mary Bem used m the subzero weather of lands must also W st@ At Athes. W the Antarctic, gravel had to be .CM Mass Conference used as cheap sutstitute over b Washington D.C., which I the contamment vessel. Gravel recently attended 764 delegates absorted a lot of gamma rays from all over Umted States and fast neutrons and over the i Brazd, the Ph:hppines. West whole period of its worurg Germany and Japan rallied to slightly rac.ao active effluents fight the nuclear menace. Many had ran down a dralnpipe into scientists showed statistics of the sou. The radicactive con- the evils of low level radiation.
tamments from the efflumt Dr. Helen Caldicott frorr. the were bemg reconcentrated in Children's Hospital Medical the sod by the sod itself actmg Center m Bcston said:"There is as an ton-excnange column. The rn level Icw enough not to Naval Nuclear Power Umt had create cancer." Dr. Romas E.
prom: sed to shtft any sod that Mancuso, Professor of Oc-had radio activity in excess of cupational Health, Umversity of the standards sa domestically Pittsburgh and many other by ether the Soviet Umon or the scientisu spoke on radiation Umted States. This was done induced malignancies and underthetermsof the Antarctic illnesses and dangers to Treaty and 8.000 tons of con- workers from radiation and of taminated earth has been the awful waste that has been shipped and unloaded north of produced Most scistists see no las Angelos and is stored m a solution for this problem.
cbncrete pit and sealed over herefore nuclear power must with asphalt. Caldorma does be wiped out. De r:str is too not want to keep it. After an great and the contamination of almost "meitdown" Nukey Poo the earth can not go on. It has to was dismantled and all of :t has be replaced with conservation gone back to Georgia to be and saner methods. We have all buned there, including t01. M the means and the knowledge to gallon drums of radio-active do so.
sod the " hottest" of wrucn.
wrapped in lead, contamed 1.7 cur:es of radio actmty. Gecrgia ,
does not want it. Coo tons are '
sill on the USNS Bland and tne Navy rhes not know what a do with it.
N FJ y
1 4 . ..
g n
. . y l
- c. To Se Ed. tor: Sernces. I::c., a subsidary of
. bs.2m U.
.i ,
E N 1 N .[j. .q In a small item t:tled "A Getty Ot! Corporat:en wou;d get costly error m power use" in the away wid ordy 10 pet. Of course M '"
r N.Y. Times of Nowmber 14th :t in be endit allcornes out of the dUW90 [n tg h , dj e dd q Ps
., says that the Philadelphia tstpayers pocket. 6.000.000 E cctric Company .c ." i 'O ralens of h@ly racio active years a:;o, when it entt:r.at ac i ;iq d waste in unsr; cund future usage. In the late iM0's tanks and: mtilion cubic fe<.t or and early Ins bey made the rad:o active trash is stored in Grane County Ned mistake to assume that 1.;l West Valley. There is trouole rndlion pecc!e would consume r gnt now under tne tants and
- .' more electr:c:ty eacs year thac someday the lethal potscn may gh M' / '? M before. However,in the last five appear m the dr:nk:rg water.
years the cemand for electricity At preset spent tuel ta stcred stayed the same. For the s: ump :n pools r:ght ne-?. to the power in growth in :nid Itr?7 they have plants. With the t:me these the nerveto askthe State Public pools have to be empited, wnere I*tdity Commission for a rate nil the readio acttve water go increase of 11.5 pet. or a total of to? Wim so much waste on 119 million dollars, to oe used hand, and no pisce to store partly to pay for overestimating mcre, is it not time to use our te use of eiectricity. ne public knowiedge and smten to safer has to pay for the:r mistake? and better a;ternat:tes? Is it How long will the putlic take ;nsane to cor. tin:.e to bu;1d more dese affronts? .
plants Just as it is :r.sande to The whole nt: clear busmess is make more nuclear aespons.
. a " costly error." It is an error Do we really know what the money-wise and a still geater conse<;uences are of ator and instdt to the health of gehferating radio-actinty all te people. over, or do we really not care The mining and milling of for profits saie?
uramum into yellow cake the The nuclear process of enrichment and gocessmg mto makmg electrictty was caded fuel pellets is very costly and as bemg cheap and clean, these processes consume from however it is Just the opposite, 6.000 to 7,000 Btu input-power the most expensive, least before they produce l.000 btu of re:iable and its outward clean electricityt this is accordir4 to look harbors the most a net energy analysis of nuclear dangerous effects on 2e health power for hght water reactors of the people, they can not made by the State of Oregon. always be noted r:ct away the Center for Ady::nced smce cancers and Icc.kemia Computation at be Umversity sho ' up later.
of 111tnos (Pilati and Richard) Acc*,rdng to the N.Y. Times Development Sciences, Inc., of Dec. 4th PASNY has refused and the Institute for Eoergy a restest by N.Y. City for Analysts. (This is like gomg out hydroelectric pow er from m your car and usmg 70.00 Niagara. The c:ty would save as worth of gasoline to brtg home much as 77 8 mdlion a year m ten dollars worta of grocery mergy cost per 10n megawatts.
every time you shop.) The cost Hydro electric pow, e comes to of removtng the radioactive 1.2 mdlion per 100 : wgawatts, md!tadings and the stdl geater mmpared to 53 md:!cn ;er mess of ite leth.t! hign and Icw ' rnegawatts from 2e Ind:an
- evel waste has to be figured Point and Astor:a plar.t.
- oo.There is no way of figurtr4 Th:s is an examp;c how much these costs now stnce we have cheaper other alternatives a-e.
rut yet a way of getting rid of When the costs of decom-them. Allwe know :s, that it will missioning and final waste be very, very capital intensive. atorage are teing figured ato Dand Bird m the N.Y. Times me cost, it will be soarmg sky of Nov.15 says that James L. 5:gh. If PASNY would be wise Laroca N.Y. State Energy they would now :oox mto otrur Commiss;oner sa;c the Federai a!!ernatives, because later cey Goternment and the State will te forced ta do so. The we,uid play a major :o'.e in de nuclear method has to be clean up of the defunct $4 sed out. The Sun :s the way reprceesstag center in *, Vest to p in tne meant:me 1ere is Valley near Afalo. 90 pc.. of ru need for expans;cn. W e cc.n the money would have to come conser te.
frcm the gowrnmet and the Sincereiy yours.
state and the comtneretal Mary Berner, operator the Nuclear Fuel Athens
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Feb. 29,1978
.To* the Editor.
We live in a very scientific norld, that can send men to the moon, put spacecrafts in orbi', create all kinds of new chemicals, search for the secrets of life in D:!A; but at the sa e time we are = ore destructive and short-sighted than man has ever been. Pri.itive =an respected nature and lived with it in harmeny and peace.
For millions of years the atmosphere was pure ani the waters were clear and fish and wi1 N e was abundant. In less than 70 years of our gas and oil gustling and chemically desinated world the air has been polluted to such an extent that it is t.nbearable in
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nest larger cities. Our rivers and waterways are so bad, that fish can no lon:;er live in them, and if they still de their flesh cannot be eaten anymore.
Our greatest insult to this planet earth was the splitting of the atom, with it we cptned Pandorah's box of destruction, radiation hasards and poisons, net known before and cancers galere. There is no peaceful atom. The little goed we get frc=
it is very much out-weighed by its contn% ting bi-prcducts, radiation and the terrible waste.
It is hi~,h time that we phase out the nuclear and give other alternatives, that are beneficial, the priority. We must make an effort to conserve _ re and be less wasteful and carelers with our natural resources. Things in nature are not infinite.
Water, the greatest necessity, is cocing in short suppih. ' The rater table is getting Icuer. . Our drinking water is of questionable nature. If PASUr builds a nuclear plant on the Hudson River, the r u tr will lose a lot of water, and if a fossil-fuel plant n ll cone in, sure the wells will suffer. The fossil-fueled one will use g .und nter.
When we drilled a dee , well 30 years ago, we had a flew of 22 gal. per =inute, af ter they build nore places in the neighborhcod, we have new a lesser flow of water.
Just abat a y=ar ago the Astoria plant #6 on the East River St in line producing h billion kilowatt hours of electricity with a fuel consu=ptien cf 7.2 million barrels of oil. Mian Point #3 is working since Aug.st '76 producing 9 billien 'a hour:
of electricity. Ne- York City has lost of its people and businesses have al:o =cved out. Where is the need for mere power for the City? They have no neney for a new
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page 2 schway. Se, ar.other power plant should not be needed. What is n:2ded is less illucin-ation and core conservation.
In the H. T. Times of January 25, 1979, it says: Dr. Carl Z. J ' ergan an vr-pert on health hazard: ef radiation testified today (Jan. 2!d that the Federal Govern-nent should reduce thn amount of radiation that nuclear workers and the public are ex-1 i
posed to. Dr. Morgan, a professor at the School of Nuclear Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Techno1*Cy, and for 29 years a eenior Health Official of the Federal Govern- ,
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=ent, made the recem=erdation at a hearing on low-level radiation by the House St.tcem=ittee i on Health and Environment. He sharply criticized Scientists who refused to accept, what is called the "preponderence of evidence" that there is no safe 1: vel radiation, and that any dose no =:.t ,er how small can cause leukemia ard other tilling for= of tancer. ,
i The public is kept very unaware of things that go on. Hunger is still razrant in many parts of the world. In an article in "The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" February 1978 by Willard F. Libby and 3. F. Black titled:" Food 1 radiation, and unused weapon against Hunger." Scientists fro:a the International Ato=ic Agency, the World Health Crranization and others propose to fight hunger by chec W.; the less of grain by rats and insects with irradiation of the grain, potatoes, f:. lit and also : neat with ga=r.a ra ;s, that are produced by an irradiator. This may either be a radioisotope (a radio-activt element such as cobalt 60 or cesium 137) or an electron accelerator. "his radia-tion will kill micro-organis:n, all insects, insect eggs and funC1. It will also inhibit the natural sprouting of any type of bulb vegetable, potatoes, onion, etc. In other words it =akes all the food sterile. It will surely kill all the vitamins. If you kill the Eern in the wheat and ether grains, w'at have yen left? A drad =atter devoid of nou ish=ent. They say it is harmless, whien I doubt, and it ha: teen tried en the Astro-nauts on the 1972 Apello 17 Flight. The Ato=ie Energy Cc==ittee '=phasized that the ionizatinn of food has been = ore thoroughly tasted than any other method of food preserva-tion. Stiltestrol used on chickens and = eat for years had also Nen thoroughly tested and recently had to be forbidden, because it was ccreenogenous and harmful to hu=ans.
Many foed additives had been thrown en the market supposedly safe and af ter damaq- had a
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. ** . page 3 to be withdrawn.
The DDI and other pesticiles disturbed the balanco 1.1 ar.r,ure by killint, the good insects with the bad ones, in fact sene of the bad ones were more resistant to the poisons and grew larger. 1!an brings on his own troubles. I an sure we cannet feed a hun:-
world with sterilized, denuded foed. Of ourse, the che=ical industry will pump artificial vitanins back into the dead food. It is the cher.ical industry and the nuclear that den-inate our lives. I parer things as nature intended them to be 2nd grow my own in my prden. But, I feel the Public should have a say in natters pe:-.aining to their health.
Sincerely 7:urs, h 4$ $
' !, s - L =l tb 4 4 . lw &
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?%., 7 Sibliogrsphy Tne Careieas Atom cy Sheldon :;cvie.:
Houghton Mifflin Co. , Joston Low Level Radiation by Dr. Erne st 5te rndla ss Ballantine Book s , New York.
Perils o f the Pe ace ful Atom by Ricnard Curtiss and Elizabeth Ho6an Ballantine Books, New York Unac ceptacle Riaz, tue nuclear Power ' Controve rsy by ic. 41nly C. Olson Bantam Books, Toronto, Lo ndon , hew Yo r4 Poisoned Power by John W, Gof=sn and Artnur R, "a=plin Redale Pre ss, E=maus Pa.
Scie nce and Survival by Barry Cor.soner 71 kin 6 Pre ss, New York Small is Beautiful by E. F. Schuma c he r Harper and Row, New York Atnens, its People and ite Inductry 1776 - 1970 Athens Bicentennial Committee The Bulletin o f the Atomic Scientid;0 C h ic aEo -
Scientists Declaration on Nuclear Power Union of Concerned Scientist s The Ntl. Debate en Handlin6 o f Radio-active Wa na from Pcwer ylanta f.atural Re source s De fense C ouncil, Inc.
i A Critical Critique oy arthur R. Tamplin anc b j orn O. Gill;e r e A. Sv a nqv ist and Son Swe de n New York T1=e s The Daily Mail, Catskill St. Lawrence Plain Dealer, Canton , N.Y.
Wallatree t Journal, N.Y.
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