ML19309A036

Util Response to Federal & State Agency Comments on AEC Des

ML19309A036
Person / Time
Site:	Crystal River
Issue date:	01/17/1973
From:	FLORIDA POWER CORP.
To:
Shared Package
ML19309A030	List: ML19309A029 ML19309A033 ML19309A036
References
NUDOCS 8003240869
Download: ML19309A036 (58)

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q una som.e CRYSTAL RIVER UNIT 3 NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT Y

m AEC DOCKET NO. 50-302 Florida Power Corporation Response to Federal and State (Florida) Agency Comments on the Atomic Energy Commission Draft Environmental Statement.

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L TABLE OF CONTENTS

Response

Subject Page No.

(Key Words)

No.

References 1.

SECONDARY SYSTEM GASEOUS DISCHARGE 1

(1) 2.

MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES (RADIOACTIVE DISCHARGES)'

3 (1) 3.

TRITIUM BUILDUP AND DISPOSAL 4

(1)

'Te.

INCORPORATION OF CLOSED CYCLE COOLING SYSTEMS 5

(1),(7) 5.

HDDIFICATION OF INTAKE STRUCTURE 8

(1) 6.

REEVALUATION OF FISH KILL 9

(1), (7) 7.

CONSIDERATION OF DISCHARGE CANAL EXTENSION 10 (1) 8.

DAMAGE TO OYSTER REEF CONMUNITIES IN THE i

PRESENT T N PLUME AREA 11 (1) 9.

PLANKTON DATA, SAMPLING 12 (1),(7) 10.

PERCOLATION PONDS 13 (1) 11.

AIR QUALITY EFFECIS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

- 14

, (1) l 12.-

ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE 15 (1) 13.

DISPOSAL OF SOLID CONSTRUCTION WASTES 16 (1) 14.

STORAGE OF CHEM. SOL. BEFORE PROCESSING 17 (1) 15.

ACTION PLANNED IF UNABLE TO COMPLY WITH FED.

APPROVED STATE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 18 (8.a)(1) 16.

LENGTFINING OF DISCHARGE CANAL AND SCOURING EFFECTS ON THIS AND EXISTING CANAL 21 (1), (4) 17.

DISPOSAL OF SOLIDS FROM CLOSED-CYCLE CHEM. SYS.

30 (1) 18.

SALINE DISCHARGE INTO LESS SALINE WATERS IN DISCHARGE AREA, EFFECTS OF 31 (1) 19.

EFFECTS OF HIGH VOLTAGE IN TRANS. LINES ON RR SIGNAL CIRCUITS 32 (3) g W

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a TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

,Respons e Subject Jage No.

(Key Words)

No.

References 20.

HAZARDS TO LOW FLYING AIRCRAFT 33 (3) 21.

AREA 0F GROUNDWATER RECHARGE BASIN 34 (4) 22.

SEIZCTION OF SPECIES FOR RADIOLOGICAL SAMPLING 35 (8.a)(5) 23.

LOSS OF PLANKTONIC, LARVAL AND JUVENILE FORMS 36 (4), (5) 24.

STORM SURGE EFFECTS 37 (5) 25.

NUMBERS IN TABLE 2.7 (DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT) 38 (6) 26.

STATE OF FLORIDA TEMP. STANDARDS 39 (6) 27.

POSSIBLE INFILTRATION OF SPILLED RAD. LIQ.

WASTES TO THE GROUNDWATER 40 (7) 28.

DISPOSITION OF MATERIALS COLLECTED ON RACKS AND SCREENS 41 (7) 29.

IMPACT OF INSTALLING TRANS. LINES ON EXISTING RIGHTS OF WAY 42 (7) 30.

ALTERN. DISCH. POINT FOR CR #3 COOLING WATER 43 (7) 31.

TRANSFER OF WATER FROM SOUTH TO NORTH OF DIKE SYSTEM 45 (5), (7) 32.

FISH ENTRAPMENT 46 (1) 33.

NEED FOR POWER 47 (8-B) 34.

ST. MARTINS AQUATIC PRESERVE 48 (8-A) 35.

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES CONCERNS 49 (8-C) 36.

DECOMMISSIONING AND SAFE-SHUTDOWN COSTS 50 (9) 38.

REFERENCES 51 0

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SECONDARY SYSTEM GASEOUS DISCHARGE The draft' statement indicates that the off-gas from the condenser air ejector will be vented directly to the atmosphere without treatment.

The estimated radioiodine discharge from this source is contained in Table 3.3 of the draft statement. The calculated values in this table were based on operation of the reactor with.25% of the operating power fission product source term and a 20 gallon per day primary to secondary system leak rate. Other pertinent assumptions concerning the calculation of these radioactive discharges are listed in ' Table 3.1 of the draft statement.

In Section 5.4.2, Impact of Gaseous Releases, of the draft statement, the AEC calculates the dose rates received at the location of the nearest cows (4 miles ENE of the plant) assuming ground-level releases, wind speed adjusted to 10 meter height and no building wake correction. The AEC concluded that inhalation of such concentrations cf radiciodine would result in thyroid doses of 7 x 10-3 mrem /yr. to an adult and 9 x 10-3 arem/yr, for a 2 year old child. Also, the estimated radiation dose to the child's thyroid from consumption of 1 liter of milk per day from cows pastured all year at this location would be 2 mrem /yr. The adult dose would be about.3 mrem /yr.

Table V-3 and V-4 of the Applicant's Environmental Report contain the estimated radioiodine releases from the condenser vacuum pump and the. condenser demineral-izer, respectively. These values are based on the following principal assumptions and parameters:

1 1.

Defective fuel fraction is 0.1%.

i 2.

An iodine DF of 104 is taken between the primary system and

release, i

3.

Iodine concentration in the secondary sistem in taken to be equilibrium value.

4.

Steam generator leak rate is 10 gallons per day.

5.

All gases except iodine are completely released at the condenser.

6.

Decontamination factor for the condensate demineralizer is 2.

Based on the assumptions made in the Applicant's Environmental Report or on the more conservative assumptions made by the AEC in their Draft Statement, the

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O amounts of radioiodine released via the condenser air ejector system are shown to be small. Therefore, it is our opinion that the air ejector system should not be considered a major pathway for radioiodine releases.

Section VII, Environmental Effects of Postulated Accidents, of the Applicant's Environmental Report addresses the subject of iodine releases during expected operational occurrences, such as steam dumping due to loss of a

electric load.

In the case of loss of external electrical load no radio activity will be released to the atmosphere unless the reactor has been operating with a steam generator leak. To provide a conservative estimate

(, of the consequences of a loss of electrical load, it is assumed that the reactor had been operating with 0.17. defective fuel fraction simultaneously with a 100 GFD leak in the steam generator. This evaluation used the reactor coolant activity concentration given in Table VII-2.

Table VII-10 summarizes the following areas concerning iodine releases:

1.

Iodine concentration in secondary system.

2.

Normal release via condenser ejector.

3.

Extra release,due to steam release.

4.

Total iodine release.

The results recorded in Table VII-10 verifies that the iodine release due to the dumping of 205,000 lbs. of steam during the load transient is small.

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MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES (RADIOACTIVE DISCHARGES)

The dilution available before discharge of radioactive liquid wastes to the Culf of Mexico includes 10,800 gallons per minute nuclear services seawater and 680,000 gallons per minute total from the 4 condenser circulating water Pumps for Unit 3.

In addition, about 640,000 gallons per-minute is generally avail-able from the 8 condenser circulating water pumps of Units 1 and 2. Further mixing and dilution are expected in the Gulf of Mexico. The maximum discharge rate from the evaporator condensate storage tanks is 30 gallons per minute. The resulting dilution prior to discharge to the Gulf of Mexico is 23,000 to 1 assuming no' contributing flow from Units 1 and 2.

This would be the worst anticipated condition.

.Due to the continual review and updating of the plant design, the Technica' Specifications are not presently finalized. Adequate dilution will be provided in any event to keep the concentration of liquid releases at values which are a few percent of the limits specified in 10CFR20.

Categorically, we feel that the following tech spec subject areas have the potential of influencing environmental impact:

Reactor Coolant System Activity Leakage

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Liquid Waste Release Gaseous Waste Release Solid Waste Disposal Secondary System Activity 9

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TRITIIDI BUILDUP AND DISPOSAL 1

The environmental report estimates that the volume of the secondary system is 300,000 gallons and that the leakage rate from this system is 5 gym (7,200 gallons per day). Although there is no designed blowdown of the secondary system, there is, however, a continuous makeup system to compensate for the 5 gpm leak rate.

It is further emphasized in the report that 85% of the primary coolant c

1etdown is to be discharged after processing to control the tritium concentration to below 1.5 uc/cc at refueling. Therefore, the maximum concentration of primary water that leaks to the secondary system via the steam generator is 1.5 uc/cc.

Due to the small leak rate from the primary to secondary system (10 gallons per day) of low tritium concentrated water and the large dilution volume (300,000 gallons) and makeup volume (7,200 gallons per day) to the secondary system, the tritium concentration of the secondary system will be maintained at a level well below the concentration of the primary system (1.5 uc/cc). Therefore, the buildup of tritium in the secondary system to an appreciable amount is not possible.

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INCORPORATION OF CLOSED CYCLE COOLING SYSTEMS Several cooling water alternatives are -discussed in the Applicant's Environmental Report. Two additional' closed cycle cooling alternatives are discussed below. - 4 The first alternative discussed here incorporates the application of a dry coolinst system. The characteristics of steam turbines have a signifi-cant effect on the application of dry cooling systems used as a heat sink.

The turbine in question, a Westinghouse TC4F-44 machine, is basically

.-designed for 2.00"Hg absolute back pressure and will develop 858,887 kw

-when supplied with steam at 900 psia and 566F. A further limitation is a j

5.00"Hg absolute maximum allowable back pressure, with a corresponding saturation temperature of 133.75F.

1 The dry air temperature selected for establishing the design require-ments for the cooling system is 95F and represents somewhat less than 1%

duration, (St. Petersburg 93F; Tm11ahassee-96F) assuming the temperature at Crystal River is between that at St. Petersburg and that at Tallahassee.

A further requirement is that of limiting the terminal temperature differ-ence for the steam surface condenser to a minimum of SF.

The combined effect of the preceeding boundary conditions is that of 4

limiting the initial temperature difference, to 33.75F. This is in the order of magnitude for an evaporative cooling tower system but about one-half of the I.T.D. needed for a reasonable application of dry cooling tower r stems.

The design conditions selected are, an ambient dry bulb temperature of 95F, a corresponding turbine back pressure of 5.00"Hg abs., and a condenser duty of 5.532 x 109 Btu /hr. (from condenser specification) with a terminal temperature difference of SF.

4 The dry cooling tower surface required is directly related to the mean temperaturu difference between the recirculated cooling water and the cooling air. Within the operating conditions imposed, including a 16.3F cooling water temperature rise as specified, an appropriate temperature rise of 16.0F was selected for the cooling air. The overall heat transfer, cooling water to cooling air, was established by correcting available heat transfer data to reflect the relatively high mass flow rates of the cooling air over the transfer surfaces.

The amount of cooling surface required is about 7,300 square feet of surface per million Btu /hr. In contrast a normal application of dry cooling tower would require about 3,500 square feet of surface per million Btu /hr.

The space required for the dry cooling tower systen reflects the restricted' design conditions. First, it is significantly larger than that needed for a more conventional application because of the abnormally low initial temperature difference. This requires about 270% more space for the 4

j cooling equipment alone. Second, the free air space surrounding the cooling

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(continued) 4 equipment must be greater than normal to allow. a free flow of cooling air.

Using entrance air velocities somewhat higher than usually used, a total unobstructed ground area of 70 acres is needed, of which 5 acres is for the cooling equipment. This amounts to about 0.08 acres per megawatt in i

contrast with a more conventional application of dry cooling. towers which l

require about 0.012 to 0.014 acres per megawatt.

i The' determination of power requirements was made using manufacturers data corrected for high rates of air flow. The equipment selected, comprised 60 modules, each with 2-200 hp motors operating at full rating. This represents an additional power requirement of 24,000 hp or about 17,900 kw.

Because of the extreme length of the circulating water piping, additional 3

power for the circulating water pumps is needed. This is estimated at 14,930 hp or approximately 11,150 kw additional.

These power requirements amount to about 35.5 kw per megawatt of turbina output. In contrast, a more conventional dry cooling power application would require about 26 kw of auxiliary power per megawatt of turbine output.

The following is an estimate of power losses which are attributed to the dry cooling tower system. These loss estimates represent power require-ments over and above those characteristic of the conventional plant with once through cooling.

Recirculation Pumps 11,150 kw i

Air Circulation Fans 17,900 kw Loss from increased backpressure (4.8%)

41.200 kw Total (losses and additional power required 70.250 kw Turbine Output, max. guarantee point 858,887 kw Loss in Turbine Output, from higher backpressure 41.200 kw Turbine Output, 5"Hg abs. backpressure 817.687 kw i

Thesecondalternativediscusshdhereistheutilizationofaclosed CYele cooling canal with spray modules. The conversion of Crystal River Unit 3 from an open sea water condenser cooling system to a spray module cooling system will require a major capital expenditure and will reduce the net unit capability. In addition, changes will be required in the rad.

waste and vital cooling systems which are now associated with open sea water cooling.

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The scope of this preliminary survey involves only the Unit 3 condenser

' cooling system and is based on using the exisi.ing internal cixculating water system. The environmental impact of a spray module system on the area or the work required to redesign and obtain approval for changes to

. safety related cooling systems has not been av==4 ped.- N,on-safety related cooling systems and other water uses are.r.ssumed to be convertible to the increased temperature levels or can be changed at minor cost.

The spray module canal for Unit 3 would be approximately 10,000 feet long, 125 feet wide, and 17 feet deep. The cooling would be done by approximately 250 spray units, each with 75 horsepower motor. This system would cool 680,000 gym from 107F to 907 at a 72F wet bulb, and 5 mph wind.

This selection utilizes the existing condensers and would maintain a condenser vacuum below the==v4=um allowed 5 inches of mercury absolute under all expected weather conditions. The additional auxiliary power consumption will be approximate 1f 14,000 W and the loss in generation from higher back pressure will be approximately 20,000 W.

The canal would start at the existing discharge structure and loop east, south and finally west to the existing intake. The free water surface would be at apprnvimately elevation 90. A new sea water intake structure would be

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required for the nuclear services and decay heat removal cooling water system to provide the proper ultimate heat sink.

The preliminary estimate for the installation is $11,500,000 which includes an allowance of $500,000 for other work.

Ihis is installed first cost only, and does not include annual energy consumption costs (14,000 W load), value of lost generation capability (20,000 m) or maintenance and replacement costs.

Due to lack of industry experience with these modules, maintenance and replacement costs are difficult to estimate. This high cost reflects the problems of evaporatively cooling large quantities of water a relatively few degrees. If the temperature rise were increased and the water flow reduced (by major condenser modifications) savings in initi al costs would be realized.

i Due to the uncontrolled drift inherent to spray module cooling, considerable salt carryover is to be expected. 'No cost consideration for increased frequency 4

of insulator cleaning, environmental impact, or accelerated corrosion of plant metal structures has been considered.

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MODIFICATION OF INTAKE SYSTEM We do not consider that moi.ification of the intake struccure for Unit 3 is the solution to a condition which is controlled by another characteristic of the intake canal. This is to say that marine life ability to escape the intake canal is controlled by the highest velocity along the track of the canal. Thus, the demise of marine life trapped in the intake canal is inevitable, regardless of intake structure design. Please see Questions 6 and 32 herein which discuss this sub,4ect in detail.

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REEVALUATION OF FISH KILL i

i Most marine and estuarine species of fishes spawn offshore and the larvae and small juvenile forms of these fishes move close inshore into -

j the grasses. Since the mouth of the intah= channel is positioned about three miles offshore, only that fraction of the juvenile 'orms entering the area (as they move inshore) influenced by the intake current would be susceptitle to movement into the intake channel and then onto the screens.

Once inshore they are probably no longer under the influence of the intake pumps. Because of this, larvae and juvenile forms of those fishes entrapped on the intake screens are most probably not a significant percentage of the t

i total number' entrapped. The estimate given, therefore, for biomass killed I

by the screens is, at least from this aspect, reliable.

i Weatherby (1972) has demonstrated that Sockeye Salmon have a normal ~

cruising speed of approximately one body length (exclusive of tail length).

par second. This is comparable to a man walking at a slow, comfortable pace. These fishes can swim more or less indefinitely at a rate of four body lengths per second, comparable to a steady jog.

In addition, speeds in excess of four body lengths per second may be sustained for shorter periods of time when necessary. Based on the above (and assuming that marine i

fishes having physical characteristics similar to those of Sockeye Salmon have similar swimming abilities) only those fishes less than 3 or 4 inches in body length (or certain extremely feeble swimmers) could conceivably have difficulty swimming against the artificial current set up by the intake pumps. Since these represent larval and small juvenile forms, and in general, larval and small juvenile fishes exist close inshore in the grasses (and i

l thus would not be influenced by the current set up at the mouth of the intake channel more than three miles out), fishes having body lengths of less

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than four inches would probably not be a significant proportion of the entrapped species, nor would they represent a significant proportion of l

juvenile fishes in the area as a whole.

Estuarine fishes normally travel with the tide into sloughs and bayous to feed, then move back out with ebb tide.

Ta current set up by the intake pumps simulates a flood tide. The actual velocity has very little influe'ce a

on the reaction of fish species in the area, as has been shown in the previous paragraph. Likewise, the volume of water passing through the mouth of the intake channel has little influence on the number of fishes entrapped, except for the fact that the larger the volume of water drawn into the intake, the larger the area influenced by this " false" tidal current.

The largest percentage of fishes entraped on the intake screens belong to the species, Oncocephalus radiatus, or Polka-Dot Batfish. This is a benthic form as are Blue Crabs, also entrapped in moderate numbers. Because these forms can t-avel against the intake current (either by swimming or walking) and beca se Batfish are known to inhabit much deeper waters than are found in the plant's vicinity, it must be assumed that these species find the environment along the bottom of the intake channel favorable, naking them susceptible to eventual entrapment.

Doubling the flow most probably will not alter the number of these organisms currently being entrapped. Note Item 32 l

herein for further discussion on fish entrapment.

Weatherby,-A.H. 1972. Growth and Ecolony of Fish Populations, New York:

Academic Press. 293 pp.

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CONSIDERATION OF DISCHARGE CANAL EXTENSION The questions concerning plume size, it-'.ake temperature, cnd effects of modification of existing canal structures have been addressed in the Florida Power Corporation comments (Item 3) to the AEC Draft Environmental Statement. As indicated,the addition of a seawall on the north side of the canal would prevent heated water discharged from the plant with temperatures in excess of 95'F from reaching the shoreline. This conclusion is based on the assumptions outlined in Florida Power Corporation's responses to the Draft Environmental Statement.

If such a sea wall were constructed, there would be obvious damage to the existing ecosystem in the area. Apprminately 6.2 acres would be physically disrupted and thus the existing ecosystem evid be destroyed. In addition, added siltation to the grasses in the arec, w2d have an unfavorable effect.

The actual extent of this damage has not b predicted at this time. Finally, the concern v1.th regard to impeding assumed along-shc,re currents would not be valid because the sea wall would be the same size as the presently, existing structure.

An alternate proposal is the removal of one or two oyster reefs which lie west of the discharge canal. As noted in item number 8 herein these reefs are covered with blue-green algae and it is believed that their removal would result in minimal impact to the total environment. Flow measurements taken in the discharge basin indicate that these reefs retard flow in the area and thus restricts mixing of the water in the discharge basin with the cooler offshore waters. Removal of the reefs, therefore, would decrease the effects of the plume by enhancing the mixing.

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DAMAGE TO OYSTER REEF COMMUNITIES IN THE PRESE1C THERMAL PLUME AREA h e blue green algae community is symptomatic of some detrimental effect which is probably, but not necessarily, the ther.aal plume. The University of Florida study, conducted by Drs. Odum and.Snedaker, is in the process of determining the cause of this oyster bar community's decline (if possible) and will assess the value of this reef relative to the total i

biotic system. Their results and reports are expected by early summer, 1973.

This subject has been discussed with our Construction management 'at

" Crystal River several of whom have been at tha site since its inception.

hey describe the oyster reefs prior to any construction at Crystal River-(mid-sixties) as largely dead with a scattering of coon oysters thereon.

With the exception of the algae question above, the oyster community in the discharge area today gives every indication of being no different t 3an it was many years ago.

Consideration of a potentially more severe thermal impact on oysters is of use in this consideration. The discharge canal contains a light, but continuous growth of oysters along both sides of the canal beginning at the extreme eastern end of the canal at the outfall of Unit 1.

We conclude that the damage to oyster communities in the discharge area is insignificant.

his is furt* ar supported by our environmental research data to date.

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PLANKTON DATA, SAMPLING The specific tasks of the applicant's research projects were not adequately delineated in the AEC Draft Environmental Statement. In addition, the scope of several projects has been expanded. A summary of several projects is contained in the applicant's July-September 1972 Environmental Status Report.

In addition, the Florida Department of Natural Resources has a report in press on the fish of the impact area expected in several months.

Dr. Natpro of the University of Florida has a contract to study the zooplankton, this work started in July of 1972 and is expected to be completed in about two years.- Based on preliminary results, an additional station has been added six miles from shore beyond the mouth of the intake canal. This station is typical of the water which provides the bulk of cooling water. Every attempt will be made to obtain representative sampling of the fish eggs and larvae present.

The benthic community is being analyzed by Dr. Snedaker and Dr. Odum of the University of Florida. Preliminary results are expected in May of 1973.

The grass beds in the area will be mapped seasonally. This is being accomplished by aerial. photography techniques supplemented by field identifi-cation.

Fish populations are being monitored by trawl and block net catches in this same program.

An environmental monitoring system, on loan to Dr. Snedaker from the Environmental Protection Agency, will be used to, seasonally assess the health of the marsh grasses.

The programs described briefly above were described and committed to in the Applic. ant's Environmental Report. We feel that our environmental research program at Crystal River being performed by Florida's environmental scientists from our State universities is most capable of establishing the impact of Unit 3.

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1See attached section of the July-September 1972 Environmental Status Report for a description of the sampling techniques used on this project.

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AT THE CRYSTAL RIVER PLANT SITE University of Florida ~

i Department of Zoology

. PrincipalInvestigator Dr. Frank J.S. Maturo, Jr.

4' Graduate Assistant John W. Caldwell e

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INTRODUCTION

_ sampled. After several trials, the best tow dura-tion was found to be 1 minute. Use of the 80 This project was initiated to: 1) determine the micron mesh net was discontinued because of prasence of major food chain species and the the clogging effect of the suspended matter.

planktonic forms. of commercially important The sampling regime established for ea:h finfish and shellfish in the area adjacent to the station consists of two 1-minute horizontal sur-Crystal River plant site; 2) qualitatively assess face Mws at biweekly intervals. Samples are the occurrence of these organisms within the preserved in buffered formalin and returned to Intake area of Units 1 and 2 as a means of -

the laboratory.

evaluating the entrainment potential of these The following procedures are employed for organisms.

examination of each sample. The two samples from each station are pooled prior to splitting.

REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES One half of the total sample is separated in a sieve series with standard mesh sizes of Nos.

Four sampling areas were established as a 10,20,30,60 and 120. Five 7 ml. aliquots are result of a preliminary survey made shortly after removed from each mesh size screen for quali-project funding in mid-July (Fig.1, page 114).

tative and quantitative determinations of Station 1 is located inshore south of the intake organisms, canal. The stason is within 25 yards of the Qualitative determinations are made by use coastal marsh, the Jepth being 2 ft. at MLW.

of the following categories:

The bottom substraus in this area consist of Copepods:

attached Sargassum and sandy patches between Calanoid limestone outcrops. The salinity is noticeably Harpacticoid influenced by the freshwater drainage from the Mollusc veligers:

Crystal River and adjacent marshes (Fig. 2).

gastropods Station 2 is also south of the intake canal bivalves and is located midway between Station 1 and Oyster (Crassostres)(if possible) the canal opening, a distance of 1.2 nautical others

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miles offshore. The substrate in this area is Barnacle larvae sand and shell between prominent oyster bars.

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The depth is 4 ft. at MLW. The salinity is con-Penaeus

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sistently higher than that at Station 1 (Fig. 2).

others (mysids, etc.)

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i Station 3 is southwest of the intake canal Crab larvae L

opening in an area which appears to be the stone crab (Menippe)(if possible)

I source of the entrained water. The depth is 7 ft.

blue crab (Callinectes) (if possible) ~

k at MLW; the substra'te is hard sand. The salinity others t

is slightly but consistently higher than' Station Lobster larvae a.

2 (Fig. 2).

Other Crustaceans I;

Station 4 is located just in front of the (subdivided,if found pertinent) intake screens of Units 1 and 2. The depth is Polychaetes r

15 ft. at MLW. The substrate appears to be a Echinoderms j

fine coal dust sediment. The salinity is essen-Chaetognaths tially the same as that of Station 3 (Fig. 2).

Tunicates j.

Initially,10 minute plankton tows were made Medusae (including siphonophores) l using 50cm. dia. nets with 202 micron and 80 Miscellaneous invertebrates 3

micron mesh. Because of the high level of sus-Eggs

'e pended matter, the nets clogged quickly and Fish eggs r

prevented accurate metering of the water column Fish larvae

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Biomass determinations are made based on 1972 and continues at biweekly intervals. Be-the sieve separation scheme. The method pro-cause the project is in its first quarter, we do vides a more accurate estimation than the tradi-not have sufficient data processed for presen-tional procedures. This gravimetric procedure, tation at this time.

devised by Mr. Clay Adams (Masters Thesis, UF 1972), involves mechanically separating GOALS'FOR THE FOLLOWING QUARTER zooplankton using a set of paleontological

.intes, making a random sample of the indi-The sampling program will be continued as vidual fractions; determining the percent com-described above. As familiarity with species position of each fraction by recording counts types develops, we plan to catch up on the per zooplankton type divided by the total count backlog of samples. As data accumulates, of all zooplankton in the fraction sample; vacuum statistical analyses will be applied, filtering each sieve fraction onto a preweighed Whatman No. 42 filter dise; oven-drying loaded LITERATURE CITED discs and weighing each to determine the dry weight of fraction; and finally compiling' the Adams, C.A.1972 weights and percentages of the severai sieve fractions to determine the dry weight percent-Food Habits of Juvenile Pinfish (Lagodon rhom-Ege composition of the zooplankton types.

boldes). Silver Perch (Bairdiella chrysura), and The sieve separation facilitates counting spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) of the procedures because it sorts organisms to size Estuarine Zone near Crystal River, Fl. Unpub-and reduces the number of species per sample.

lished Masters Thesis, Graduate School, Uni-The sampling program was begun July 24, versity of Florida.

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PERCOLATION PONDS The Crystal River site will employ a percolation ponding system for disposal of chemical wastes generated at the site. Piping from the plants will route the wastes to the pond location west of the plant site between the intake and discharge canals. Test wells are located around the ponds i

for testing of water to assure compliance with applicable State of Florida water quality standards. The exact nature of the wastes.is unknown at this j

time and will be provided to the Florida Department of Pollution Control after operational testing of the waste solution.

Chemicals used in the plants which will ultimately go to the percolation pond after their intended uses are:

i Phosphate (PO )

895 lbs/yr 4

Caustic Soda (NA0H) 47,301 lbs/yr Hydrazine (N H )

237 lbs/yr 24 Lime 400,000 lbs/yr Chlorine (Na0Cl) 264,694 lbs/yr NaZnPO4 3,338 lbs/yr Cyclohavamine 220 gallons /yr Sulfuric Acid (H SO ) 120,120 lbs/yr 2 4 Ammonia 105 gallons /yr Due to the location of the ponds and the westward direction of ground-water flow into the~ Gulf of Mexico, fresh groundwater in the area will not be affected.

(There has been none located in that immediate area.)

1 Application for permit to construct the chemical-industrial waste system is currently being processed by the Florida Department of Pollution Control.

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11. AIR QUALITY EFFECTS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION-J 1

1.

Two 3,000 KW diesel electric generators are employed at Crystal River Unit #3 for' secondary emergency power. Frequency of operation for testing of the diesels will be one generator each week for approximately two hours running time.. Type of fuel used in the diesels is No. 2-D-containing a maximum sulfur content of 0.7 percent by weight and an ash

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content of 0.02 percent maximum by weight.-

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During periods of testing,'the exhaust emissions will be comparable to 1

I the passage of a large single-unit railroad locomotive. Alternatively, if an emergency occurs, their operation will be in the absence of the d

relatively larger emissions:from fossil Units 1 and 2 which would be presumed shutdown since they are.the primary source of emergency power for the nuclear unit. Other minor venting of miscellaneous equipment would be expected 'to be undetectable either by sight or measurement outside of the immediate exclusion area.

2.

Control of dust during construction of Unit #3 has been accomplished by using water spraying of the area. Also, due to the nature of the hard limerock fill-at the site, dust is not a major concern. Parking lots for construction workers are compacted with boiler ash from Units 1 and 2 and do not present a dust nuisance.

3.

There is no concrete batch plant on site at' Crystal River.

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Disposal of non-radiological combustible construction debris and solid wastes generated at Crystal River Unit #3 during construction is accomplished in a number of ways. Non-reusable form material and scrap metal is given 4

away for charitable purposes or home use. Also, when practicable, scrap materials are sold. Other combustible wastes are burned when permit j

conditions allow such disposal method. During operation. disposal methods 4

will be similar to the above. Also, some land burial in fill areas will i

be used.

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ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE At the present time it is ' difficult to' assess the site boundary sound levels during operation because of-the construction activities that are.

currently taking place on rite; an acoustical survey would not be meaningful

.at this point-in time. Hasever, various areas of the site are now checked occasionally to assure that OSHA levels are not exceeded.,

o The distribution of 1971 population within five miles is mainly in the

. northeast quadrant with no known residents within a 3-1/2 mile radius. A large portion of the land betiveen the north boundary of the site and the Cross State Barge Canal is under lease to a pulp and paper producer for use as a tree farm until the year 2002. The area within three miles south and.

east of the site is mostly uninhabited woodland and is expected to remain so through 2020.

Due to the current and projected remotentss of the site, Crystal River Unit 3 is not expected to be'of any nuisance or damage due to sound levels.

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13. DISPOSAL OF SOLID CONSTRUCTION WASTES All significant land clearing, excavation, and filling was completed during the construction of the original fossil-fueled unit.

Material excavated for building foundations for Crystal River Unit #3 was used for upland fill. Excavation for the circulating cater intaka structure is complete. This excavation, roughly 200' x 100' x 40' deep, was de-watered by open sump pumping. Effluent was discharged into an upland settling basin of a size and configuration such that the overflow was within the established water quality standards before release into the marshlands.

Excavation for the circulating water outfall structure is complete. This excavation, roughly 150' x 100' x 25' deep, was de-watered and effluent was treated in the same manner as the intake structure.

Excavations of the circulating water inlet canal extension and.outfall canal extension are scheduled to begin May,1973, pending NEPA review and receipt of all permits. The inlet canal extension is an upland extension of 600' x 200' x 17' deep to an existing canal from the Gulf of Mexico.

Total material to be removed is approximately 125,000 cubic yards. This material will be deposited on uplands, which are presently filled to an elevation of eight feet above mean low water. The outfall canal extension is also an upland extension of an existing canal to the Gulf. This extension is 600' x 125' x 10' deep with approximately 50,000 cubic yards of material to be removed. Excavation and disposal of material will be accomplished in the same manner as the intake canal extension. Essentially all excavation will be accomplished behind an carthern plug, which will be left at the terminus of the existing canal, thereby eliminating any disturbance to the open water to the Gulf. The final removal of the earthern plug will be accomplished behind an encircling silt curtain and all precautions will be taken to maintain the open water turbidity well below the established standards. No de-watering will be required in connection with this excavation.

Disposal of non-radiological combustible construction debris and solid wastes generated at Crystal River Unit #3 durirg construction is accomplished in a number of ways. Non-reusable form material and scrap metal is given away for charitable purposes or home use. Also, when practicable, scrap materials are sold. Other combustible wastes are burned when permit conditions allow such disposal method. During operation, disposal methods will be similar.to the above. Also, some land burial in fill areas may be used..u

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STORAGE OF CHEMICAL SOLUTION BEFORE PE0 CESSING Waste effluents from the sanitary service treatment plant and from the domineralizera in the water treatment plant (common to Crystal River Units 1, 2 and 3) are routed to a 75,000 gallon neutralization tank to achieve a degree of dilution and neutralization prior to discharge to the percolation ponding system. ' The waste effluents from Crystal River Unit 3 condensate polishing demineralizers are routed to a 100,000 gallon neutralization tank prior to discharge to tha percolation ponding system. Demineralizer waste solutions are both acidic and basic; hence, a neutralization tank provides a suitable storage place to dollect and mix these wastes in order to achieve relatively neutral solutions.

All other wastes from floor drains, etc. are discharged directly to the percolation ponding system. One exception to this is the waste effluent from the lime softener system. This lime sludge is processed in a solids separator to extract its water content and the resultant solid will be disposed of properly.

i The Crystal River site will employ a percolation ponding system for disposal of chemical wastes generated at the site. Piping from the plants will route the wastes to the pond location west of the plant site between the intake and discharge canals. Test wells are located around the ponds for testing of water to assure compliance with applicable State of Florida water quality standards. The exact nature of the wastes is unknown at this time and will be provided to the Florida Department of Pollution Control after operational testing. Chemicals used in the plants which will ultimately go to the percolation pond after their intended uses are:

Phosphate (PO )

895 lbs/yr 4

Caustic Soda (NA0H) 47,301 lbs/yr Hydrazine (N H )

237 lbs/yr 24 Lime 400,000 lbs/yr Chlorine (Na0C1) 264,694 lbs/yr NaZnPO4 3,338,1bs/yr Cyclohan=Ne 220 gallons /yr Sulfuric Acid (H SO )

120,120 lbs/yr 2 4 Anunonia 105 gallons /yr Due to the location of the ponds and the westward direction of groundwater j

flow into the Gulf of Mexico, fresh groundwater in the area will not be affected.

(There has been none located in that immediate area.)

Application for permit to construct the chemical-industrial waste system is currently being processed by the Florida Department of Pollution Control.

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15. ACTION PLANNED IF UNABLE TO COMPLY WITH FEDERALLY APPROVED STATE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS, There are two specific areas in.which Crystal River Unit 3 must comply with federally approved state water quality standards, (1) chemical-sanitary wastes and (2) thermal discharge. Section 3.4.1 Heat Dissipation System of the AEC Draft Environmental Statement describes the once-through cooling system planned for Unit 3.

Section 3.4.3 Chemical and Sanitary Wastes of the AEC Draft Environmental Statement describes a closed-cycle (percolation Pond) system for processing liquid chemical wastes from the plant with no effluent to the Gulf of Mexico.- Sanitary wastes are processed similarly and there will be no effluent to the Gulf of Mexico.

The following vill address the compliance of these systems with i

federally approved State Water Quality Standards and the associated action planned _it, unable to comply with same.

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1.

Chemical and Sanitary Wastes-l The State of Florida has imposed strict new (federally approved) water quality standards effective. January 1, 1973. The essence of these standards is that 90% removal (by mass) of chemical wastes must be accomplished prior to discharge to receiving waters and that no toxic materials are to be discharged. The closed-cycle (percolation pond) system planned for Unit 3 is designed to comply with these standards.

In addition, a surveillance program during operation will assure compliance.

We do not anticipate that such a system will fail to comply with the standards. Therefore, we have no further plans due to the fact that our earlier p'.anning gives reasonable assurance of compliance utilizing the system described above.

2.

Thermal Discharge 1

The State of Florida has established revisions (federally approved) to its thermal discharge standards which were effective on July 1, 1972.

The intent of these standards is that no future' facilities shall increase the water temperature by more than the monthly temperature limits prescribed for the particular type and location of receiving waters.

Existing facilities (1) shall not increase the temperature of the receiving l

waters so as to cause damage or harm to the aquatic life or vegetation therein or interfere with beneficial uses assigned to the receiving.

waters (2) shall be monitored by the discaarger to ensure compliance with this rule and (3) shall be modified in accordance with specifically approved alternate methods in the event there is evidence of substantial damage.

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'Different sections of the thermal standards apply to future and also to existing facilities. An existing facility includes'any thermal discharge (a) which is presently taking place,' or (b) which is under construction or for which a construction permit or' operating permit (State of Florida) has been issued prior to July 1, 1972.

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(continued)

'By rules and regulation definition Crystal River' Unit 3 falls into

_l the category of an existing source of thermal ~ discharge. _ In Section 1.2 Applications and Approvals of the AEC Draft Environmental Statement it is stated that " Unit 3 Construction Permit No. IW-lll3 was obtained from the Florida State Board' of Health (now the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services) on September 26, 1968." Since Crystal River Unit 3 had a construction permit and was under construction prior to July 1,1972, it is an existing source.

The course of action for Crystal River Unit 3 according to the federally

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approved revised state thermal discharge standards calls for operation.

- with the existing once-through cooling system with an approved monitoring N

system to detect damage or harm to the aquatic life or vegetation. FPC's ongoing environmental research programs and commitments stated in the Company's Environmental Report to continue these investigations after operation of Unit 3 'have as the primary goal the assessment and documenta-tion of the impact of the thermal discharge on the environment. -The Company also committed in the Environmental Report that it would take.

required corrective action based on the findings of this research. We intend to stand by that connaitment.

In the event that these findings and/or regulatory order require modification, the Company is confident that it has identified and described those alternative cooling systems as discussed in Section 11.1.6, Alternative Heat Disposal Systems, that are practicable in reducing the temperature of the discharge or eliminating thermal discharge to the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, this submittal describes three additional cooling water systems that are considered practical modifications to the existing cooling water system, that were suggested by the AEC (extension j

of discharge canal), EPA and Interior (spray module assisted cooling' pond) and Interior (submerged pipeline). We feel that_the numerous alternatives (8) described to date, which are backed up by engineering alternative analyses by the Company, represent a responsible effort on our part that is sufficient for correction of those environmental problems associated with plant cooling water discharge over a wide bredth of viable alternatives.

We are confident that the docketed information to date shows that we are now and will remain compliant with the federally approved State Water Quality Standards. We are also confident that the people of Florida require the full capability electrical output from Crystal River Unit 3 as a matter of sustaining reliable continuous service here in Florida. On identification of a need to modify the cooling water system and/or receipt of regulatory order, we would expect to immediately proceed with approved corrective action on the schedule commensurate with such approvals.

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(continued)

In conclusion, we feel confident that the Unit 3 construction, startup and commercial. operation can proceed as a public need with little risk to

-the environment. Further, our ongoing studies (environmental research)

-leave us with a continuing ability to identify problems and to take corrective action as required to positively alleviate the operating condition causing the concern. Such corrective action can be accomplished in a minimum time after initiation due to out reported evaluation of alternatives.

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4 16.

LENGTHENING OF DISCHARGE CANAL AND SCOURING EFFECTS ON THIS AND EXISTING CANAL the enclosed report was submitted by the Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department of the University of Florida in response to an inquiry made by Florida Power Corporation concerning possible scouring of the intake and discharge channels from increased water velocity' (due to CR Unit #3 and CR Unit #4). The report shows that no scouring of these canals should be expected with mean velocities of 1.09 fps and 2.03 fps (intake and discharge, respectively, with CR Unit #3). In addition, intake and discharge velocities as high as 1.69 fps and 3.15 fps, respectively, could also be tolerated by the canals with no scouring.

(See enclosed consnunications and report.) Reference is made in the Crystal River Unit'#3 Applicant's Environmental Report to an " extension" of the existing intake and discharge canals to accommodate Unit #3. No widening of the canals is discussed.

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March 15,1972 Dr. Robert Dean e

Colic 3e of Engineering Cocatal sad Occenographic Engineering Dept.

Univercity of Florida Gainesville,. Florida 32601

Dear Bob:

We arc in the proccc: of c=nsining a decign for. cooling water heat dis-sipation using dilution ct our Crystal River plcnt site. Since the do-sign rcquirca the trcncport of large volusas of vetcr (for the cooling of 1: nits 1, 2, 3 and 4 r.nd for dilution purpoccc), it is anticipated that crocion of the ennals may be a probics.

In this rc3 cad, could you conduct a censitivity cnclycio of potentici crosion rate (unsa unit area unit time) fron water covement in the existing canal between 0 and 7 knots in-clusive. We are particularly interested in the relationship of particulate ccr. position size and mass, to the influcnce on turbidity of the receiving trators; the fate of the suspended unterial and the period of time required for the canal to become stabilized if such will occur.

In on effort to coordinate this study with our engineering and economic analyscs, vc would request that the results of your study be submitted to Florida Power on or before Ap21117,1972.

Your assistance in this regard in highly appreciated.

Sincerely, I

K. W. Prest Associate Ecologist IGTP:ng

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COLLEGE

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A.CA CODE 904 PHONE 392-1436

.May 11, 1972 l

CO AST AL ANG CCE A*1CGR APMic C9eGINEERING DEP ARTMENT 392-SA M As Tr.7, %:4,0 P.M. 3?? '.?L9 L Apute A 70H f 3M %31

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. Mr. Kenneth Prest I

Florida Powe'r Corporation Power Generation Division P. O. Box 14042 St. Petersburg, Florida 33733

Dear Ken:

l The following paragraphs are an addendum to our study report entitled

" Canal Erosion Study for Anclote River and Crystal River Power Plants".

-l The purpose of the addendum is to include the effects of the dilution water on the intake and discharge canals and on the adjacent environs, as requested.

j The dilution water, which is to be taken from the intake canal via a dilution canal and mixed with the cooling water in the discharge canal ap-proximately at the point where it emties into the Gulf. of Mexico, will not j

cause any erosional problems landward of the dilution canal. However, local i

scouring problems will arise at the point where the dilution and cooling waters are mixed, due to the turbulence in the mixing process, and at the mouths of the intake and dilution canals due to flow, constrictions.

The trean velocity in the intake canal Gulfward of the dilution canal will be 2.3 feet per second, based on Mean Low Water datum. The velocity is high, but, after the initial flushing of the bottom mud from the canals, erosion should be minimal. At the entrance to this canal, local scour wil.1 occur at the tip of the southern dike as the water velocity will be very high at this point. This scour should not pose a serious problem, but should it become one, it could be easily remedied by armoring the dike tip with rip-rap. A rip-rap layer at the entrance of the dilution canal would also cure any local serious scouring problems should they develop.

Gulfward of the discharge canal and the point at which the mixing process occurs, scouring will quickly diminish as the flow will no longer be constrained by a canal. Mean flow velocities should rapicly drop to less than one foot per second, below the cri.tical erosion velocity for the well-vegetated bottom.

In sun: nary, no serious erosion or scouring problems are anticipated with the present existing canal system. Some local scour is anticipated; however it is expexted to be restricted to the small areas mentioned above.

Since

/ rely yours, f C *A R.A.hrymple Graduate Research Associate FLORIDA *5 CENTER FoR ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND RESEARCN

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A PROGRESS REPORT-8 Submitted to:

i Florida Power Corporation I

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CANAL EROSION STUDY l

FOR ANCLOTE RIVER AND CRYSTAL RIVER t

POWER PLANTS I

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' SUBMITTED BY:

Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Engineering and Industrial Experiment Station i

University of Florida 4

Gainesville, Florida April, 1972

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n Canal.Irosion Study-Introduction The intake and discharge canals convey large quantities of cooling water to and from a power plant. The velocities of this water depends on the flow rate-required by the plant and the cross-sectional area of the canal. Should these velocities become very large depending on the construction of the canals, large amounts of the bottom and side material of the canals can be eroded away.

This study was conducted to determine the erosion that could be expected at

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the Anclote River and the Crystal River Power Plant sites, based on presently designed or existing canals.

Anclote River Site Theintakeanddiscliargecanals,asdepictedinthePascoCountyLicensing Application of November 15,1971, are to be dredged through fine, sandy material.

The Florida Testing Laboratory has taken borings in the area and from 0 - 10 feet of the surface, they describe the material as fine sand, with a median 5

grain size of.15 mm to.20 mm. These data correspond to offshore cores taken l

along the route of the discharge canal by the Department of Coastal and Ocean-ographic Engineering, which had'a median grain size of.15 mm.

Based on a co.' ling water flow rate of 2 million gpm, the mean velocities at 4 cross-sections in the canals were computed at Mean Low Water (MLW).- In all cases, the velocities in the canals exceed the incipient motion velocity of the in situ sand; that is, erosion will occur at all cross-sections. The result of the erosion will be a gene.al widening and deepening of the canals until a stable non-erodb.; cross-section is obtained. The implication to.the plant is that the material eroded from the intake canal will be transported to the. plant, and the material eroded from the discharge canal will be washed into i-

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m Anclote Anchorage. A rough estimate of the amounts of material involved in the erosion process, based on a stable cross-section to be discussed further, is 250,000 yds.8, with 93,000 yds.8. eroded from the. intake canal..

I The four cross-sections selected for study were:

(1) ~ Intake canal, at l

the bulkhead line, denoted A-A in Figure 1 (2) intake canal after channel construction,B-B,(3) discharge canal, prior to the bend, C-C, (4)

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canal, at bulkhead line, D-D.

Using the two median grain size diameters of

.15 mm and.20 mm, the Einstein-Brcwn bedload formula was used to compute the amounts of material to be eroded at each cross-section; these rates are sh'own i

in Table 1.

These rates represent the amount of eroded material moving past l

Table 1 Anclote River Power Plant Canals 5

Cross-Section Area (below PLW)

Mean Velocity Erosion Rate I

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1 2673 ft.2 1.67 ft./sec.

1.1 - 1.2 ft /hr.

2 2043 2.18 5.8 - 6.9 i

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1281 3.48 72 - 82 i

4 1547 2.88 32 - 35 the selected cross-section in an hour. These results must be interpreted as trends, rather than concrete results, as the state-of-the-art in predicting erosion rates is still elementary. As can be seen, the erosion rates are much

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less in the intake canal, due to the larger cross-sections., than in the dis-charge canal, where large quantities of sand will be moved.

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There are several ways to alleviate the erosion problem. The canals may be lined, with concrete or a similar material, or with a coarse, heavy aggregate, I

gravel-sized or larger. Should an unconsolidated liner be used, it should be placed in a thick layer, as some movement of the material will occur, and the bend in the intake canal should be rounded, with a radius of curvature

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ANCLOTE RIVER POWER PLANT SITE 1

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exceeding 2000' to decrease'" river bend" scouring effects. Alternately,

-increasing the cross-sectional area of both canals by widening (or deepening) will. decrease the mean velocities end thus the erosion.

For example, the f

predicted stable cross-section with a bottom width of approximately 300',

9' (below MLW) depth and 3:1 slopes, should have very little (or 'o) erosion n

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This may be verified by comparing the bottom width to that of cross-section #

j 1, 270', which has, again, an erosion rate of just about 1 ft'/ hour. At the I

head of the discharge canal, the bottom should be lined with concrete so as t

to stop the scouring that will occur as the turbulent cooling water comes.out -

of the plant.

l The sediment motion will mostly occur near the bottom; however, it is recom. ended that near the power plant intake, a sediment trap be dredged to 8

I cause the moving material, to deposit before the -cooling water enters the plant.

i This would require an area of the intak'e canal where the mean velocity would t

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be less than 1 1,5 fts/sec. At the end of the discharge canal at Anclote,'

. Anchorage, it appears that a delta-like feature will form, composed of the 250,000 yds' of material eroded from the canals, if constructed as presently designed.

Crystal River Site On April 14, an inspection trip was made to the site. Visual inspection of the canals by divers revealed that at present, the canals are rock and mud lined, with a layer of fine mud on the bottom. The existing water velocities are slow enough that the bottom mud, probably a result of the original canal dredging, is not moved by the water.

The opening of the two nuclear units will start some sediment motion l

in the canal. As the units are added, the increases in velocities will cause the mud to move out of the canals and into the Gulf. After the mud is removed from the canals, they will become stable, as the remaining bottom material is

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very coarse and will not erode readily. ' -

Table 2 Crystal River Power Plant Canals Cross-sectional

' MEAN VELOCITIES Area (belowMLW)

Prese'nt(Unit 1 & 2) with Unit 3 with Unit 4 NTAKE 2700 ft.2

.53 ft/sec 1.09 ft/sec

. 1.69 ft/sec DISCHARGE 1450

.98 2.03 3.15 O

As significant erosion will not occur,no changes in the canals are recommended.

With the increased amount of cooling water required by the nuclear units, the recirculation of the heated water will be enhanced, not only as a result of the increased quantity, but also by the increased discharge velocities.

The narrower jet of heated water will penetrate further into Gulf due to its

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17. DISPOSAL OF SOLIDS PROM CLOSED-CYCLE CHEMICAL SYSTEM Final disposition of solid waste from the chemical-industrial waste system will depend on the rate of buildup of the solids and the composition which is to be analyzed during operational testing. The exact disposal method will depend upon the above factors which are unknown until the system is operationally tested. This testing is currently scheduled for April, 1973.

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SALINE DISCHARGE INTO LESS SALINE WATERS IN DISCHARGE AREA, EFFECTS OF The influence of fresh water from the Withlacoochee River on the nearshore areas just north of the Crystal River Plant discharge channel (see Florida Power Corporation Environmental Status Report. ' July-December, 1971, pp. 12-36) has produced an environment not altogether favorable for most marine forms. However, fresh water forms are unable to survive even these low salinities. As a result, without the influx of Gulf water from the discharge canal, a relatively lower diversity of plant and animal species would exist. Increasing the salinity towards inat of the offshore Gulf waters simply increases the species diversity of the area, and this can only be considered a benefit to the environment.

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19.

EFFECTS OF HIGH VOLTAGE IN TRANSMISSION LINES ON RR SIGNAL CIRCUITS Prior to crossing railroad facilities with transmission lines of any voltage, Florida Power Corporation makes application to the railroad companies involved in the crossings. The application includes location of transmission structures, information indicating transmission line voltage, conductor size, and detailed information concerning clearances, which are in accordance with the National Electric Safety Code, latest revision, and other specifications concerning requirements by the Railroad Company.

In the case of the 500 KV transmission lines, application was made to the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad for nine crossings. Each of these applica-tions was approved af ter careful consideration by various' departments of the Railroad Company; therefore, we feel that we will create no hazardous conditions for the Railroad Company upon installation of our 500 KV lines.

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20.

HAZARD TO LOW FLYING AIRCRAFI i

l The Crystal River Plant site contains in addition to Unit #3, two oil-fired units which have two stacks approximately 500 feet in height.

i Thes* stacks are lighted and marked in accordance with FAA regulations.

l The stacks are indicated on current FAA aeronautical charts. The highest J

-Portion of Unit #3 is the top of the containment dome which is an elevation of 200 feet above mean sea level. Thus, for air clearance purposes, the -

i stacks of Units 1 and 2 are the limiting factor and these are indicated on aeronautical charts.

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21. AREA 0F GROUNDWATER RECHARGE BASIN Within a radius of 20 miles from the Crystal River Plant site there are approximately 40 public wells with a pumping capacity of 4,000 gpm.

From the period of 1964 to 1969 the piezometric surface in the Crystal

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River area rose approximately 5 feet and is not in a state of decline at the present. Also, within a distance of 30 miles from the site, there are the Crystal River Springs, the Homosassa Springs, the Chassahowitzka and the Weekiwachee Springs, the combined flow of which averages about 1 billion gallons per day. The groundwater flow in this area is westward which would result in the Crystal River Plant site wells having no effect on other water usage in the area.

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SELECTION OF SPECII.S FOR RADIOLOGICAL SAMPLING The details of post-operational radiological surveillance program will be a technical specification requirement for the Crystal River facility. The pre-operational program has accumulated radiological background data on terrestrial and aquatic organisms as well as particulate, direct radiation, precipitation and water radiological analyses. The specific indicator organisms to be monitored have not been finalized at o.

this time. The exact details of the radiation monitoring program will depend on AEC monitoring guide requirements under development and the final issued form of Appendix I.

At a time closer to initial operation of the facility, these requirements will be presented in the Technical Specifications of the facility.

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LOSS 0F PLANKTONIC, LARYAL AND JUVENILE FORMS 3

Using the given zooplankton density of 0.25 al/M and the correct flow rate of 1,318,000 gal / min.,one would obtain a displacement volume'of 2.3

. cubic yards / day for the plankto'n entrained. This figure is in general' agreement with that of the Department of Connerce staff,but -is larger.

To convert displacement volumes to dry organic weight, the method of Deevey,.1952, is generally used. Conversion to dry weight involves.the relationship that dry weight is equal to 11.5% cf the displacement volume.

Using this factor, one obtains a dry weight for the zooplankters at 455

.lb/ day. Dry weight is approximately 20% of wet weight, the accepted range being fn;m 18-22%. This percentage would give a wet weight of 2,275 lb/ day for the plankters, assuming a 1001 k:.11.

If one assumes a 10% conversion through the food chain, this amount would be equivalent to about 230 lbs.

of fish (trophic levels 3 and 4).

It should also be noted that these nutrients have not disappeared down some hole. They are in a high energy form and are reutilized by the ecosystem.

Deevey, Georgiana Baxter, 1952, Quantity and Composition of the Zooplankton of Block Island Sound, 1949, Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 8(3):120-164.

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24. STORM SURGE EFFECTS A complete analysis of storm surge effects has recently been performed and was submitted to the AEC on December 19, 1972. This analysis has led to plant design which allows for safe shutdown and protection of the facility for a storm surge water level of 29.6 ft, above MLW and associated wave action. Details of these analyses can be found in Section 2, and Appendices 2B and 2C of the Crystal River Unit 3 Nuclear Final Safety Analysis Report.

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25. NUMBERS IN TABLE 2.7 (Draft Environmental Statement)

The numbers in Table 2.7 are essentially correct. The method of calculation accounts for the variation which is less than 1%. The large difference in the Spotted Sea Trout values is an obvious transcribing error as the same figure is found in both the' first and second year column. We agree with the Army. Corps of Engineers staff computations.

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26. STATE OF FLORIDA TEMPERATURE STANDARDS The State of Florida has established revisions (federally soproved) to

'its tliermal discharge standards which were effective on July 1, 1972.

The intent of these standards is that no future facilities shall increase the water temperature by more than the monthly temperature limits prescribed for the particular type and location of receiving waters.

Existing facilities (1) shall not increase the temperature of the receiving waters so as to cause damage or harm to the aquatic life or vegetation therein or interfere with beneficial uses assigned to the receiving waters (2) shall be monitored by the discharger to ensure compliance with this rule and (3) shall be sodified in accordance with specifically approved alternate methods in the event there is evidence of substantial damage.

Different sections of the thermal standards apply to fu?.ure and also to existing facilities. An existing facility inc1M:.a any tha.rmal discharge (a) which is presently taking place, or (b) which is under construction or for which a construction permit or opmating permit (State of Florida) has been issued prior to July 1, 1972.

By rules and regulation definition, Crystal River Unit 3 falls into the category of an existing source of thermal discharge. In Section 1.2 Applica-tions and Approvals of the AEC Draft Environmental Statement it is stated that " Unit 3 Construction Permit No, IW-1]l3 was obtained from the Florida State Board of Health (now the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services) on September 26, 1968." Since Crystal River Unit 3 had a construction permit and was under construction prior to July 1, 1972, it is an existing source.

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POSSIBLE INFILTRATION OF SPILLED RAD. LIQ. WASTES TO THE GROUNDWATER The radioactive liquid waste processing system has been designed to collect, store, and process all radioactive wastes for re-use or disposal.

The system is designed such that both high purity waste such as reactor mlant and miscellaneous waste such as radioactive laboratory drains, huilding and equ!rment drains and sumps, etc., are processed by the primary and the secondary process streams, respectively.

The concentrated boric acid from the primary stream can be either recycled for re-use or further processing.

The concentrates from the secondary stream can be recycled for further concentration or storage with subsequent transferral to the waste solidi-fication system. The waste solidification system provides the capability to solidify and package, plant radioactive waste in containers for the transporation to an AEC approved burial (disposal) facility.

The evaporator condensate polishing demineralizers and storage tanks are common to both process streams. Each process stream up to the polishing demineralizer is normally isolated from the other, however, if required, valving and piping can be aligned such that cross-connection of various e,quipment in each stream is possible. The effluent from the primary and secondary process streams, after processing, may be transferred to the reactor coolant bleed tanks and used for makeup to the primary system or maybe discharged via the Nuclear Services Seawater System and discharge canal.

The radioactive liquid waste processing system eliminates the possibility of external radioactive spills from infiltrating to the groundwater due to the fact that all radioactive liquid wastes are solidified before removal from the plant and that only carefully monitored processed effluent is emitted from the plant via the Nuclear Services Seawater System and discharge canal.

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28. DISPOSITION OF MATERIALS COLLECTED ON RACKS AND SCREENS Marine organisms.entraped on the intake screens at Crystal River are removed from the screen wash baskets at irregular intervals, depending ~

on biomass collected, and placed in trucks. The material is then carried to an on-site dump and buried.

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IMPACT OF INSTALLING TRANSMISSION LINES ON EXISTING RIGHTS OF WAY With respect to the impact resulting from the erection of these transmission facilities we feel, for several reasons, that this has been minimized; primarily the rights-of-way, with the exception of approximately 125 acres, were cleared several years ago when the 230 KV lines were constructed. As to today's status, all clearing is complete, including the 125 acres mentioned before; the Crystal River-Lake Tarpon Line is complete but not. energized, and the Crystal River-Central Florida Line is approximately 25% complete.. Foundations for the CRCF line are 95% complete, tower erection is 30% complete and wire stringing is 25% complete. Ihe fact that the existing 230 KV lines have occupied this right-of-way for several years minimizes the additional impact which might be created by the 500 KV lines.

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30. 'ALTERN. DISCH. POINT FOR CR #3' COOLING WATER Since the existing-units at Crystal River have begun operation, the environment in the dx charge area has adapted to the new conditions. With the t.ddition of Unit 3, an additional maximum temperature rise of 3 degrees is expected. This, in our opinion, represents a minimal change to the existing system.

The proposal to separate the heat loads of Units 1 and 2 from Unit 3 is. considered below. Two schemes have been devised to accomplish this proposal:. (1) Diversion of part of the effluent of the plants.to a point south of the present intake canal, and (2) Constructing separate canals running east and south of the plant and discharging into Salt Creek.

This scheme for the diversion of an equivalent flow from Unit 3 from the prese t. discharge canal is predicated on excavating a new discharge canal inboard of an6 parallel to the north-south ~ dike interconnecting the existing canals near the bulkhead line. Material excavatrs for the new canal would be placed along its eastern edge to form a second confining dike similar to the configuration of the. existing canals. This new discharge canal would be approximately 1/2 the width of the existing discharge canal at the same bottom elevation (el. 78').

Near the existing intake canal, the Proposed a new canal widens and deepens to elevation 59 ft. to accommodate the installation of seven 12-foot diameter pipes sized to carry the equivalent amount of Unit 3 discharge water under the intake canal. The cost of this portion of the plan with the 7 pipes terminating 300 feet south of the existing intake canal is approximately $4,000,000. The additional cost to the above for further extending the seven 12-foot diameter pipes to the south is as follows:

First 1/2 mile

$3,820,000 Second 1/2 mile

$3,820,000 Third 1/2 mile

$3,820,000 l

Fourth 1/2 mile

$3,820,000 i

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In order to bury the pipes for the discharge, an area approximately 100 feet wide would have to be dredged to a depth not less than 12 feet. Thus an area 100 feet wide extending the. length of the canal would be physically disrupted.

An additional area would be disrupted where the spoil is placed. In addition, j

the sil.ation caused by the dredging has the potential of damaging a large area of the existing systems near the intake area. No actual estimate of the affected area has been made at this time because of the very detailed nature of the etudy required to make such a prediction.

In addition to the immediate effects of the extensive dredging required by the proposed idea, the introduction 'of water with a potential temperature rise of-approximately 15"F could alter the environment currently present in the intake area. At any rate, the potential effect of a 15'F rise in the intake area is much greater than the effect of a 3*' rise in the present discharge area.

Whether such an effect would be adverse or not has not been determined, however, the present research being conducted at the plant should lend considerable light to this situation.

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. Another method for obtaining dual discharge, which appears more practical, is to divert the flow from Unit 3 around the plant to the east and then south to discharge into Salt Creek. The diversion could be accom-plished by excavating a new discharge canal about one-half the size of the -

existing discharge canal, beginning at its present eastern terminus at Unit 3 and extending eastward about 1200 feet. To accomplish this, the new canal would cross the plant service road, access road and access railroad, requiring three new tridges. The canal would then proceed south a distance of 5,000 feet to Salt Creek, which would be dredged, as required to the bulkhead line assuming necessary regulatory approvals can be obtained. The estimated cost for this scheme is $3,000,000.

2 The canal required for this proposal would be dredged through the saltmarsh south of the plant. This would result in the direct destruction of productive saltmarsh considered important as a nursery area for juvenile fishes and as a habitat for shore birds. Additionally, the dredging required in Salt Creek would result in increased turbidity in the surrounding waters and possible siltation on adjacent seagrasses.

As noted above, the discharge of the heated effluent from the plant into the area south of the intake canal has a greater potential effect than airing the effluents from the plants and discharging them in the area presently being used.

One additional proble:n with either suggested discharge system is that of i

recirculation of the cooling water through the plant. With the present canal 2

configuration, water is' drawn from offshore on the south side of the intake spoil bank and is discharged on the north side of the spoil bank. As a j

result, little opportunity exists for recirculation until the water has been extensively mixed with offshore waters.

If, on the other hand, the effluent of Unit 3 were discharged in the intake area the water could recirculate through the plant. This could result in an increased temperature rise over that presently proposed and further potential for degradation of the area.

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31. TRANSFER OF WATER FROM SOUTH TO NORTH OF DIKE SYSTEM Cooling water is drawn into the intake canal from offshore (note item Number 2. of the Florida Fower Corporation Comments on the AEC Draft Environmental Statement). The water then is pumped through the plant and is subsequently discharged to the discharge basin. The water in the discharge basin is flushed through the action. of the inflow from the barge canal and.

normal tidal' flow. In the process of flushing from the' discharge area, the water discharged from the plant is mixed eventually with the offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico.

If one looks at a small segment of the entire cycle, it appears as if there is a net transfer from south to north of the dikes. However, in reality, the transfer of the water is from the offshore area and subsequently back to the offshore area.

The research data to date describing the source of cooling water, extent of the zone of influence of the thermal discharge and Gulf of Mexico hydrological conditions support this conclusion.

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32. FISH ENTRAPMENT In response to -EPA concerns (ref.1, p.13) about fish entrapment, the following has.been compiled:

The intake' canal is 150 ft. wide at a depth of 15 feet below mean low water. It is dyked on each side at s' slope of 2H:1V. Using these dimensions-and a total water flow from-all three units of 2940 cfs (1,318,000 gym), the' intake canal velocity at mean low water will be 1.1 fps, not 1.3 fps as stated in the AEC Draft Environmental Statement.*

Some interest has been expressed concerning the reduction of the maximum canal velocity to 1.0 fps.

If it were considered desirable and necessary to reduce the velocity to 1.0 fps, it could be achieved by widening the intake canal by 17 feet, from the west end of the barge turning basin, for a distance of approximately 14,500 feet to the west, where canal bottom is 150 feet wide. Estimated cost for the above is approximately $300,000. (Assuming regulatory approval.)

In order to widen the c* anal, blasting and dredging would be required.

This would result in adverse environmental impact. Dredging usually i

results in some form of impact to the marine environment, although this impact could be temperary, such as decreased light penetration from increased turbidity. If the particulates resulting from the dredging operation are in great enough abundance, serious impact could i

occur to the benthic community from actual coverage by sediment.-

Suspensica feeders are also quite susceptible to increased sediment.

1 in the water.

Blasting, necessary when dredging through limerock, such as that found at Crystal River, causes serious impact to the marine environment.

Fishes, particularly, are usually killed by blasting because of the pressu;e waves produced in the water. This effect can be felt for some distarce.

j Air fences or air barriers in power plant applications for protection of fish and other marine life have not been successful, to date. The utilities ccutacted, who have had experience with air bubble screens, found that these devices were unsuccessful in deterring fish from plant i

intakes, and the' systems are being removed.

The major factors which impair the use of air fences is turbidity and color of the water. Turbid water breaks up the air curtain after several feet. One way to avoid -this is to install the bubtler or air manifold across the' intake at several depths 3 to 4 feet apart. This is not possible at Crystal River because oil is delivered to the two fossil units (Crystal River Unit 1 and 2) by barge via the intake canal, approxi-mately six times a week. Water color also affects air barrier performance as a marine life deterrant', since it destroys the visual effect of the barrier.

l Both turbidity and color become relatively high in the Crystal River intake canal, as the tug and barge travel in and out of the canal, indicating that

. air barriers for this application would be ineffective.

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33. NEED 70R POWER There are approximately 2,000 people moving to Florida each week.

The people are demanding electric service. Under the laws of this State, Florida Power must provide electrical service to any person who requests such service.

It should be noted that half of new residents moving to Florida are now settling in Florida Power's service area. This results in a 9 percent growth rate annually.

The Company does not a b ertise in any way to ask new residents to move to Florida or its service area. The Company does, however, publish advertising material advising consumers how to conserve electricity and how to operate home appliances more efficiently.

"llorida Power does not promote increased usage of electricity.

The Crystal River nuclear facility will serve these new residents as well as provide a more reliable electric system for the State as a whole.

Any decision directed at reducing effective net output of Crystal River #3 due to further delay in operation, addition of devices which consume and/or reduce unit output or orders requiring reduced power operation for even a short period of time are not considered to be in the best interest of reliable continuous electric service to our 500,000 plus customers.

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ST. MARTIMi AQUATIC PRESERVE Numerous research projects are currently being pursued at the Crystal River plant to ascertain the impact of the units now in operation and to assist in projecting the potential effect of Unit 3.

Specifically, the projects concerned with the effects of the thermal plume include the studies

" Independent Environmental Study of Thermal Effects of Power Plant Discharge" which is being conducted by the Marine Science Institute of the University of South Florida and " Evaluation of the Marine Ecosystem Developing Within, and Adjacent To, the Thermal Plume of the Power Generation Units at Crystal River, Florida" which is being conducted by the University of Florida.

With regard to the concern about St.

.rtids Aquatic Preserve, the northern most point of the preserve is the northwestern tip of Fort Island, a point appravinately 3.3 miles from the intake. canal. It is improbable that the Crystal River Plant could significantly affect this area, because of the distance involved, the localized effects of heating and the presence of the canals themselves which greatly reduce exchanges with water to the south of the site.

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35. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES CONCERNS The specific tasks of the applicant's research projects were not clearly explained in the Draft Environmental Statement.

In addition, the scope of several projects has been expanded. A summary of several projects is contained in the applicant's July-September Environmental Status Report. In addition, the Florida Department of Natural Resources has a report in press on the fish of the impact area in the next several months.

o Dr. Maturo of the University of Florida has a contract to study the zooplankton; this work started in July of 1972 and is expected to be completed in about two years. Based on preliminary results, an additional station has been added six miles from shore beyond the mouth of the intake canal. This station is typical of the water which provides the bulk of cooling water. An attempt will be made to get a representative sampling of the fish eggs and larvae present.

The benthic community is being adequately analyzed by Dr. Snedaker and Dr. Odum. Preliminary results are expected in May of 1973.

It is projected that the grass beds will be mapped seasonally. This is being accomplished by aerial photographs supplemented by field identification.

Fish populations are being monitored by trawl and block net catches.

An environmental monitorint system, on loan to Dr. Snedaker from the 4

Environmental Protection Agency, will be used to seasonally assess the health of the marsh grasses.

j Please note that the Applicant's Environmental Report has described 1

these programs as well as the Company's Quarterly Environmental Status Reports which have been sent to the Departmen't of Natural Resources since their inception several years ago.

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36. DECOMMISSIONING WD SAFE-SHUTDOWN COSTS The estimated cost of shutting down Crystal River Unit 3 and prepar-ing it for safe-shutdown condition, if and when it may become necessary, is $ 750,000.

This estimate is based upon leaving the reactor and its associateC. nuclear systems in place and salvaging the secondary side of t'ne plant. All nuclear fuel, of course, would be removed from the plant and sent off site for final reprocessing. Thus prepared, the area would probably be isolated by suitable fencing and monitored periodically by guards. The estimated annual cost to maintain the facility in this con-dition is about $ 50,000.

In considering the above ecst estimates, it must be remembered that items such as inflation, Florida Public Service Commission regulations, future AEC regulations, etc. may greatly alter these costs.

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c REFERENCES The following references are letters from various federal and. state agercies transmitting to the United States Atomic Energy Comunission (AE) consnents on the "Draf t Environmental Statement by the Directorate of Licensing, United States Atomic Energy Conaission, Related to the Proposed Operation of Crystal River Unit 3, by the Florida Power Corporation, Docket Number 50-302", issued in September, 1972.

1.

Letter from Sheldon Meyers, Director, Office of Federal Activities,

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Environmental-Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 20460, to the AEC, dated November 1, 1972.

2.

Letter from John D. McDermott, Acting Executive Secretary, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Washington, D.C., 20240, to the AEC, dated October 18, 1972.

3.

Letter from J.D. McCann, Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Acting Chief, Office of Marine Environment and Systems, Department of Transportation, United States Coast Guard, Washington, D.C., 20590, to the AEC, dated October 24, 1972.

4.

Letter from Fred H. Tschirley, Assistant Coordinator, Environmental Quality Activities, Department of Agriculture, Office of the Secretary, Washington, D.C., 20250, to the AEC, dated October 30,,1972.

5.

Letter from Sidney R. Galler, Depucy Assistant Secretary for Environmental Affairs, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 20230, to the AEC, dated October 30, 1972.

6.

Letter from James L. Garland, Chief, Engineering Division, Department of the Army, Jacksonville District, Corps of Engineers, P.O. Box 4970, Jacksonville, Florida, 32201, to the AEC, dated October 26, 1972.

7.

Letter from Deputy Assistant, Secretary of the Interior, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240, to the AEC, dated November 27, 1972.

8.

Letter from Don L. Spicer, Chief, Bureau of Intergovernmental Relations, Division of State Planning, State of Florida Department of Administration, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304, to the AEC, dated November 20, 1972.

8.a.. Attachment to #8 above'- Letter from Joel Kuperburg, Executive Director, State of Florida Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund, Elliot Building, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304, to Don L. Spicer, dated November 17, 1972.

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Attachment.to #8 above - Letter from Robert L. Shevin, Attorney i

General, State of Florida Departt.ent of Legal Affairs, The Capitol, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304, to Don L. Spicer, dated November 6, 1972.

8.c.

Attachment to #8 above - Comments from Mr. Randolph Hodges, Executive Director, Department of Natural Resources..

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- ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 9.

Letter from Daniel R. Muller, Assistant Director for Environmental Projects, Directorate of Licensing, USAEC, to J. T. Rodgers, Nuclear Project Manager, Florida Power Corporation, dated November 9,1972.

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