ML18038A569

Acceptance Review Copy of Environ Rept - OL Stage for Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station,Unit 2

ML18038A569
Person / Time
Site:	Nine Mile Point
Issue date:	01/25/1983
From:	NIAGARA MOHAWK POWER CORP.
To:
Shared Package
ML17053D440	List: ML17053D439 ML18038A567 ML18038A568 ML18038A569 ML18038A570
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ENVR-830125, NUDOCS 8302020036
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REGULATORINFORMATIONDISTRIBUTIONSQTEM(RIOR)ACCESSIONNBR:8302020036,DOC~DATE:83/01/25NOTAR'IZED:NODOCKET¹FACIL:50-410NineMilePointNuclearStation~Unit2~NiagaraMoha05000410AUTHBYNAMEAUTHORAFFILIATIONNiagaraMohawkPowerCorp,RECIPNAMERECIPIENTAFFILIATION

SUBJECT:

Acceptancereviewcopyofstage'or;NineMilePointNuclearStation~Unit2~DISTRIBUTIONCODE:L003SCOPIESRECEIYED:LTR'~~L~lSIZE:TITLE:icEhAcceptanceReview)NOTES:'ECIPIENTIDCODE/NAMENRR/DL/ADLNRRLB2LAHAUGHEYgM01COPIESLTTRENCL101011RECIPIENTIDCODE/NAMENRRLB2BCNL:ANLCOPIESLTTRENCL10110302INTERNAL:NRR/DE/AEABNRR/DE/GBNRR/DE/SAB05N/METBEG04EXTERNAL:LPDRNRCPDR111111,1111111NATLLABNTIS116611NRR/DE/EEB10NRR/DE/HGEB06NRR/DSI/AEBNRR/DSI/RABRGN1TOTALNUMBEROFCOPIESREQUIRED:LTTR24ENCL21 IHst'tft'ttIttl'ttNIL NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATION/300ERIEBOULEVARDWEST,SYRACUSE.N.Y..13202/TELEPHONE(315)474-1511January25,1983Mr.HaroldR.DentonDirector,OfficeofNuclearReactorRegulationU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommissionWashington,O.C.20555'ntheMatterofNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationNineMilePoi'ntNuclearStationUnit2DocketNo.50-410

DearMr.Oenton:

NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationherebytendersitsapplicationforanoperatinglicenseforNineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2inaccordancewith10CFR2.101(a)(2),10CFR50.30(c)(2),10CFR73.55andlOCFR2.790.Thissubmittalconsistsofthefollowing:l.LicenseApplication(GeneralInformationandAffidavit)-2.FinalSafetyAnalysisReport-3.4.PhysicalSecurityPlan-5.CertainfiguresfromFSARSection6A-10copies(3originals)-15sets20sets6copies6setsItems4and5arematerialsforwhichproprietarystatusisbeingrequested.ThesearebeingtransmittedseparateIy.ThePhysicalSecurityPlanincludestheSafegua'rdsContingencyPlan.TheGuardTrainingandgualificationPlanisthesameasNineMilePointUnit1andhasbeenapprovedbytheNRC,butnotsubmittedwiththistendering.Verytrulyyours,EnclosuresC.V.MangVicePresidentNuclearLicensing8Engineering880gegao3~82828829830i25PDRADOCK05000%f0APDR li*

340IOKM4006~OMONAMACH15KMSCALE-MILES0I2345SCALE-KILOMETERSPTININIHPONIIIIVCMAS51AIIONuwntsunssr~ATINEMILEPOINTME5ICO5AYMEXKOPOINTO5EEACTEURLLEY0SOUTHWE51OSWEGO13(I.-WILl1CAIIFORTONYAR25F3Q)WEGI10Ldrre.W(1243OSWEGOL0seao0I00Ir0VWALI@IAeoNIDOM19~20424041LANNNGNl*0444NONAXKNININAIPOINIONINVCMAIHanoliILAKE3VNWO00rPe40DN5Allcoa0676~CfGNOINGHA21SEEIBAD3CRI1A922923KLOCK5CORINRS37~~~3839~AINTI4PITIPATSICKNUCMAIPowf5ANTXe00MINER1312~OaaLYCOMING45~IO~Deli~15I14OETHSCRIEA~OAD466MONOSCOENER.60256TONESGQNIMRS027IOoOG'28C29835SOUTH~33SCRMA31Id'0d'KOOKIPONDnI~DOIPONDI~34HOlEOAKSXXPLEASANTHKKORYDEMSTERBEACHFOEHGRO~DADNOSIN~LEASANT~OINTCEO$5INO000NEWHAVENNEWHVEN~411EWIIAVSN~48CUMMINGS~EISNM09~5ALA64NORTHVOUMY630~UTIMFLYCORNERSAUSTINSCOMMRS9~TEXASNCMTHCHURCHCCMSMRARTHURIOMEXI050XME00IIWMLWOODCOLEGEND:HlstoncalSBes1OsegoCtyLbray2FortOntao3OsegoMakelHouse4RchadsonBalesHouseUSCstoHousewahr8wigenstoneHouseFortOsegoOseooHarbnCulturalResourcesISawMB2.SchoolHouse123.SchoolHouse154.SchoolHose165StaveFactory6.stoe7Cemetey8SchoolHouse139BlacksthShop10.Cemetey11BaptstChurch12SchoolHose1413.CheeseFactory14BlacksmthShop15Grocery8PostOffice16HarnessShop5Gocery17.BlacksmthShop18.IHubble8Co19SchoolHouse420CooperShop21SchoolHouse10.CoopsShops.222324252627282930313233343536StmeSa.hFactoyMethodstEncpalChuchHotelSheSh0Stoe6P.IOffceBlacksmlbShopsWagoStiopCemeterySawMtlScI001House3SchoolHouse7StoeCdeMuCoopsShopWago8BlacksmthShopSteamSawMillSaMnSchootHrise6BlacksmlhShopSchoolHuse21CenIyHBmHotel!IStore~HISTORICALSITES~CULTURALRESOURCESTOWNBOUNDARIESFIGURE2.5-19(FodeleledfoatonrefertoTable25-34andTable2.5-361910111213SpyIsladArttuTavernFnIVagal0muilyOsegoCtlyHailSheldHallIChuch37SchoolHouse538CheseFactoy39SaMn40.SchoolHouse341HaessShop42CooperShop43CopeSiiop44SchootHose1745SchofHose1846SchoolHouse847StaeManfactoy48SleManfactoy49.SctinolHouse963ScholHouse1064Mthodst.Epscope71SaMn72SctolHouse1173CooperShopAFloegMitt8FlogMVC.FlounngMIt05W2G0\IIVIIAKIFURNISSMIN2MINETT0SENECAHillBUNDYCROWING~7172~73GVOLNEYLEASANT7~50~SySAYLESCORNMSUISGIRSCORNERSCLIFFORDPALERM0HISTORICALSITESANDCULTURALRESOURCESWITHIN15-KMOFUNIT2NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-0LS z<<i.'W-5)----o'00.'5.C3'H.~o.~4'4~q.~.)Qx',o55)I00/C>005)/)II5505<<0CI0.'~r</=.<<5a.g.~C./nCYi!'0<<II0<<500I/gx/,~7CLT,Nr50Nr.-QZQCL50T4550<</0HIHE/CE(O<<VI5RO5.00+JPfCCIQa5C!5.!0ZCL'55000OLoRI<<VROCPQO!It/cftpZO~CJ0IoQXOto!CLI50I-ZO.v.IzC/1<<00.--.Q~~0C)5050TCo/0l~!==It.8O.IoCO00<<CLII-ZO<<505CCII-IVERiNr'.-"'~55l<<Qgo0006+I0CIoO0OlC5/.C)<4<<500I-0~M0UUJN*<<0VlIn00zICZ>0NNCC0NNoz4JI-<<IIUJCCzVl-OUJZ0UJ-00t<<JulozZCL0'-50gH~FIGURE2.4-4UJ0VloZoN'5IUUJIUz080I0UJ0ILIfn0In0UJCOZVlO.0VlQ0IONUJIUI-ID<<t<<IVlUIZ<<JVlVEGETATIONTYPEMAP345-KVTRANSMISSIONCORRIDORNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS'UIOU.4JI 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-0 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTSSectionChapter11.11.21.3Appendix1AAppendix1BTitleINTRODUCTIONProposedProjectStatusofReviewsandApprovalsCrossReferencetoRegulatoryGuide4.2,Revision2Volume111Chapter22.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.92.10ENVIRONMENTALDESCRIPTIONSDescriptionoftheStationIocationLandUseWaterEcologySocioeconomicsGeologyMeteorologyRelatedFederalProjectActivitiesAmbientAirQualityNoise11111"22222Chapter33.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.8PLANTDESCRIPTIONExternalAppearanceandPlantLayoutReactorSteam-ElectricSystem=PlantWaterUseCoolingSystemsRadioactiveWasteManagementSystemsNonradioactiveWasteSystemsPowerTransmissionSystemsTransportationofRadioactiveMaterials2.2222=22Chapter4ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFCONSTRUCTION2 NineMilePoint=Unit2.ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)SectionTitleVolumeChapter5-ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFSTATIONOPERATION5.15.25.35.4'.55.65.75.85.95.10Appendix5ALandUseImpactsHydrologicalAlterations,PlantWaterSupply,andWaterUseImpactsCoolingSystemImpactsRadiologicalImpactsfromRoutineOperationNonradioactiveWasteSystemImpactsTransmissionSystemImpacts,UraniumFuelCycleImpactsSocioeconomic.ImpactsDecommissioningandDismantlingMeasuresandControlstoLimitAdverseImpacts2,222223333,3Chapter6ENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSANDMONITORINGPROGRAMS6.16.26.36.46.56.66.76.8ThermalRadiologicalHydrologicalMeteorologicalMonitoringBiologicalChemicalOtherMonitoringPrograms'nvironmentalMeasurementsandMonitoringPrograms333I33333Chapter7ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFPOSTULATEDACCIDENTSINVOLVINGRADIOACTIVE'ATERIALS7.17.2Appendix7AAppendix7BAppendix7CPlantAccidentsTransportationAccidents33333Chapter8THENEEDFORTHEPLANT3.3.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)SectionChapter9TitleALTERNATIVESTOTHEPROJECTVolumeChapter1010.110.210.310.4EVALUATIONOFTHEPROPOSEDACTIONSummaryofUnavoidableAdverseEnvironmentalImpactsIrreversibleandIrretrievableCommitmentsofResourcesRelationshipBetweenShort-TermUsesandLong-TermProductivityofMan'sEnvironmentBenefit-CostBalanceChapter11SUMMARYOFACTIONSTAKEN

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONTABLEOFCONTENTSSection1.11.1~11.21.2.1TitlePROPOSEDPROJECTReferencesSTATUSOFREVIEWSANDAPPROVALSReferencesPacae1.1-21.1-41.2-11.2-41.3CROSSREFERENCETOREGULATORYGUIDE4.2,REVISION21.3-1APPENDIX1ADRAFTSPDESPERMITNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNITS1AND2NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONAPPENDIX1BSECTION401WATERQUALITYCERTIFICATIONNINEMILEPOINTNUCIEARSTATIONUNIT2NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONLISTOFTABLESTableNumber1.2-1TitlePERMITSANDAPPROVALS1-3.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONThisEnvironmentalReport-OperatingLicenseStage(ER-OLS)issubmittedbyNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(theApplicant)infulfillmentoftherequirementsof10CFR51andinsupportofanapplicationforalicensetooperatetheNineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2(Unit2).ThecontentofthisER-OLSconformswiththeguidanceprovidedin.NuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)RegulatoryGuide4',Revision:2,(NUREG-0099,July1976),andwiththeNRC's.SupplementalGuidanceforthePreparationofEnvironmental,ReportsinSupportofanOperatingLicenseApplication(draftNUREG),'.However,tofacilitatetheNRC'sreview,thetableofcontentsandsectionnumbersconformupwiththe.guidanceprovidedintheNRC'sEnvironmental,StandardReviewPlansfortheEnvironmentalReviewofConstructionPermitApplicationsforNuclearPowerPlants(NUREG-0555)'TheUnit,2EnvironmentalReport-ConstructionPermit.StagewasoriginallysubmittedbytheApplicanttotheAtomicEnergyCommissiononJune15,1972(DocketNo.50-410)'~',.TheUnit2.FinalEnvironmentalStatement.wasissuedbytheAtomicEnergyCommissioninJune1973,andaConstructionPermit(CPPR-112)wasissuedtotheApplicantonJune24,1974'~OnSeptember22,1975,-NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationenteredintoanagreementwithfourelectricutilities,wherebyeachoftheutilitieswouldown,astenantsincommon,proportionalinterestsinUnit2~ThenamesoftheseutilitiesandtheirproportionateinterestsinUnit2areasfollows:NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationCentral,HudsonGas&ElectricCorporationLongIslandLightingCompanyNewYorkStateElectricScGasCorporationRochesterGasandElectricCorporation41%9/018%18%14%Underthetermsoftheagreement,theparticipantswillsharetheelectricaloutputandpayconstructionand.operating,costsaccordingtotheirrespectivesharesinUnit2.TheNRCapprovedtheutilities'o-ownershipinan~amendmenttotheUnit2ConstructionPermiti.n,October1978'~NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationhas.theresponsibilityforlicensing,design,procurement,1~11 NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLSconstruction,operation,and.allrelatedfunctionswithrespecttoUnit2.0Infulfillmentoftherequirementsof10CFR51,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,onbehalfoftheco-tenants,submitsthisER-OLSinsupportofanapplicationforanOperatingLicenseforUnit2.1:1PROPOSEDPROJECThUnit2islocatedona364-ha(900-acre)siteownedbytheApplicantand-issituatedonthe'outheastshoreofLakeOntario,OswegoCounty,NY,10km(6.2mi)northeastof'hecityof'Oswegoand53km(32.8mi)northwestof.thecityofSyracuse.Unit2,occupyingabout.18.2ha(45acres),sharesthesitewiththeApplicant'sNineMilePointNuclearStationUnit1(DocketNo.'0-220),whichhasbeenincommercialoperationsince1969.Unit2is'locatedapproximately274m(900ft)eastofUnitl.Locatedapproximately716'm(2,350"ft)eastofUni;t2istheJamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant,ownedandoperate'dbythePowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork.Unit2.employsanuclearsteamsupplysystem(NSSS)consistingofasingle-cycle,forcedcirculatingboilingwater'eactor(BWR).Theplantratedcorethermalpowerlevelis3,323MWt,correspondingtoanelectricaloutputofapproximately*1,100'MWe.TheNSSSsupplierisGeneralElectricCompany-NuclearEnergy'Group.'tone6Web'sterEngi'neeringCorporation,thear'chitect-engineer,'sresponsibleforthedesignandconst'ructionmanagementoftheplant.The"containmentdesignforUnit2employstheBWRMarkIIconceptofover-underpressuresuppressionwithmultipledowncomersconnecting.thereactordrywelltothewater-filledpressuresuppressionchamber.'heprimarycontainmentisasteel-lined,reinforced-concreteenclosurehousingthereactorandsuppressionpool.=The'reactorbuildingcompletelyenclosestheprimarycontainment.Thisstructureprovides"secondarycontainmentwhentheprimarycontainmentisclosedandprimarycontainmentwhentheprimarycontainmentisopen,asduringrefueling.Thesource"anddischargeofallcoolingwaterrequiredforUnit2'isLakeOntario.Thecl'osed-loopcirculating*watersystememploysasingle-cell,wet-evaporative,natural-draftcoolingtowerutilizingacounterflowdesign=.Thelakeintake'systemconveysrequiredcoolingwaterfrom',Iake1.1-2

.NineMilePointUnit2.ER-OLSOntariothroughtwosubmergedintakestructures,.which,areindependentlyconnectedtothescreenwellbyintakepipes,located-withinseparatetunnelsbelowthelakebottom..-Onetunnelalsocontainsadischarge.pipethatconveysservicewatersystemeffluent,coolingtower.blowdown,-andliquidwasteeffluenttothesubmergedoffshoredischargediffuser.IPowergeneratedatUnit2willbe,transmitteddirectlytothenew.345.-kV~ScribaSubstation,,located-,approximately0.81km(0.5mi)southoftheplant.Undernormaloperatingconditions,powerwillbefedintotheNewYorkPowerPoolinterconnectedelectricsystemviaanew14.35km(8.9mi)long,345-kVtransmissionlineextendingsouthfromtheScribaSubstationtotheApplicant.'sexisting345-kVVolneySubstation.ThenewNineMile2-Volney345-.kVtransmissionlineextendsalonganexistingright-of-wayitsentirelength.'heapproximateschedulefor,Unit2fuel,loadingandcommercialoperationisMarch1986andOctober1986,respectively.1.1-3 Nine'MilePointUnit2ER-OLS1.1.1ReferencesINuclearRegulatoryCommission.NUREG-0099.RegulatoryGuide4.2,Revision2.PreparationofEnvironmentalReportsforNuclearPowerStations.July1976.2~NuclearRegulatoryCommission.DraftNUREG.SupplementalGuidanceforthePreparationofEnvironmentalReportsinSupportofan-OperatingLicenseApplication'.3.NuclearRegulatoryCommission."NUREG-0555.Environ-mentalStandardReviewPlansfortheEnvironmentalReviewofConstructionPermitApplicationsforNuclearPowerPlants,May1979.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2,Applicant'sEnvironmentalReport,-ConstructionPermitStage.NRCDocket'o.50-410,'iagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,-June1972.5.UnitedStatesAtomicEnergyCommission.FinalEnvironmentalStatementRelatedtoConstructionoiNineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2.NRCDocketNo.50-410'iagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.June1973.6.UnitedStatesAtomicEnergyCommission.ConstructionPermitNo.CPPR-112.NRCDocketNo.50-410.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.June24,1974.7.NuclearRegulatoryCommission.ConstructionPermitNo.CPPR-112,AmendmentNo.1.NRCDocketNo.50-410.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.October27,1978.8.AmendedArticleVIIApplicationforNineMile2-Volney345KVTransmissionFacility.ExhibitsandDirectTestimony.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,April1982.1.1-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS1.2STATUSOFREVIEWSANDAPPROVALSLicenses,permits,andotherapprovalsrequiredfortheoperationandmaintenanceofUnit2arelistedinTable'.2-1,whichalsoidentifies:Activity/plantrequired.componentforwhichapprovalwas2.Nameoftheagencyresponsibleforissuingtheapproval.3.Datethattheapprovalwasrequested.4.Statusofeachapproval.Thestatusofapprovalsthatentailedmajorenvironmentalreview(exceptfortheNRClicenses)isdiscussedinthefollowingparagraphs.NationalStatePollutantDischareEliminationSstemNPDESSPDESPermitsSection402ofthefederalWaterPollutionControlActamendments(1972)establishedapermitprogramtoregulatethedischargeofpollutantsintonavigablewaters.Accordingly,theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)isauthorizedtoissuepermitsandestablisheffluentlimitations,monitoring,reporting,andotherrequirements.consistentwithnationalwaterqualitygoals.Section402alsoprovidesthatstatesmayadministertheirownpermitprogramsuponapprovalbytheEPA.OnOctober14,1975,theEPAissuedacombinedNPDESpermitforNiagaraMohawkPower,Corporation's(NMPC)NineMilePointNuclearStation,Units1and2;whereby,specificef-fluentlimitations,monitoringandreportingrequirements,andcomplianceschedulesforvariouswastestreamsatUnit1andatUnit2whenitbecomesoperationalaresetforth.In1978,theNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalCon-servation(NYSDEC)wasgiventheauthorityandrespon-sibilityforadministeringtheSection402permitpr'ogram.NYSDECissuedacombineddraftSPDESpermit(AppendixlA)forUnits1and2,whichsetsforthspecificeffluentlimitations,monitoringandreportingrequirements,andcom-plianceschedulesforvariousnonradiologicalwastestreamsatUnit1andatUnit2whenitbecomesoperational.Sec-tions3.3,3.4,and3.6describethevariouswastewaterdis-chargesthatareregulatedbytheUnit2SPDESpermit.The1.2-1 NineMilePointUnit2,ER-OLSanticipatedimpactofthesedischargesonwaterqualityandaquaticecologyisdiscussedinSections5.2.2,5.3.2,and5.5.WaterualitCertificationSection401ofthefederalWaterPollutionControlActamendments(1972)requiresapplicantsforafederallicensetoconstructoroperatefacilitiesthatmayresultinadis-chargeintonavigable-waterstoobtainacertification'romthestatethatthedischargewillcomplywithapplicablewaterqualitystandards.NMPCappliedtoNYSDECandreceivedonFebruary23,1977,awaterqualitycertificationforUnit2(Appendix1B).Thiscertificationidentifiesthewaterqualitystandardsthatmustbe.metatthefacilityand-establishesrequirementsformonitoring,assessing,andreportingcom-pliancewiththesestandards.Sections3.6,5.3,and5'addressUnit2compliancewithwaterqualitystandards.TransmissionIineCertificationInthestateofNewYork,beforeconstructingamajortrans-missionfacility,an,.applicantmustobtainaCertificateofEnvironmentalCompatibilityandPublicNeedfromtheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission,inaccordancewithArticleVIIoftheNewYorkStatePublicServiceLaw.DuringArticleVIIproceedings,adetailedexaminationoftheproposedfacilitydesign,construction,cost,need,andenvironmentalimpactisundertaken.Alternativeroutes,lines,facilitydesigns,andconstructionproceduresareevaluated.Theenvironmentalimpactassessmentmustcon-sidersuchfactors"'astopography,soils,hydrology,naturalconstraints,biota,landuse,culturalresources,andvisualimpact.Beforereachingadecisiononatransmissionlineproposal,thePublicService.Commissionconductsahearingtoobtaininputfromallconcernedparties.OnMarch15,1978,NMPCsubmittedanArticleVIIapplicationtothePublicServiceCommissionforaproposeddouble-circuit,765-kVline.extendingfromUnit2toanewsub-station'EastVolneySubstation),tobelocatedadjacenttoNMPC'sexisting345-kVVolneySubstation,'.Publichearingsontheproposed.linewereheldbetweenNovember1978andJanuary1979.However,NMPCsubsequentlyreevaluatedtheneedfora765-kVlinelinkingUnit2andtheproposed765-kVEastVolneySubstation.In1981,"NMPCreviseditstransmissionlineproposaltoconsist.ofa345-kVlineextendingfromUnit2toanewsubstation1.2-2 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OZS(ScribaSubstation)tobelocated0.81km(0.5mi)southoftheplant.FromthenewScribaSubstation,anewsingle-circuit345-kVlinewillbeconstructedwithinanexistingright-of-way,14.35km(8.9mi)southtoNMPC'sexistingVolneySubstation.v~,AnapplicationforanamendmentreflectingtherevisedproposalwasfiledwiththePublicServiceCommissioninApril1982'.CommissionapprovalofNMPC'srequestforaCertificateofEnvironmentalCompatibilityandPublicNeedisanticipatedbyApril1983.Section3.7providesadetaileddescriptionofthetransmis-sionfacilitiesthatwillserveUnit2.Sections5.1.2and5.6describetheanticipatedenvironmentalimpactsrelatedtotheoperationoftheline.1.2-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS1.2.1Referencesl.ArticleVIIApplicationforProposedNineMile2Volney765KVTransmissionFacility.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,March1978.2.AmendedArticleVIIApplicationforProposedNineMile2-Volney345KVTransmissionFacility.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,April1982.1.2-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE1.2-1PERMITSANDAPPROVALS~aencNuclearRegulatoryCommissionFederalAviationAdministrationAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersTeofArovaISpecialnuclearmateriaIIicenseSpecialnuclearmateriaIlicenseBy-productmateriallicenseReactoroperatinglicenseNavigationalinter-ferenceapprovaINavigationaIInter-ferenceapprovaIOwnercertificateofauthorizationAuthorizedActivity/PlanComonenStorageofneutrondetectorsFuelreceiptsRadiationmonitors/calibrationsourcesFuelloadingCoolingtowerStackNuclearpowerplantcomponentsAppIicationDate3/23/823/1/851/1/841/31/834/25/774/1/834/17/76~SaUSGranted4/19/82ApprovaIanticipatedby7/1/85Approvalanticipatedby6/1/84Approvalanticipatedby1/1/86Granted8/8/77Extended5/29/79and10/8/80Approvalanticipatedby4/1/84Granted8/23/76Extended7/5/79Extensionrequested6/5/82NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommissionEmissionsourceenvironmentaIratingSection401waterqualitycertificationSPDESpermitCertiffcateofenvironmentaIcompatibilityandpublicneedOperationofcoolingtowerDischargeofwastewatereffluentsDischargeofwastewatereffluentsTransmissionline1/1/842/24/769/28/793/15/78Amendedapplicationfiled4/82ApprovaIanticipatedby8/1/84Granted2/23/77ApprovalpendingApprovalanticipatedby4/831of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE1.2-1(Cont)~aencTeofArovaIAuthorizedActivity/PlanComonenApplicationDate~SausNewYorkStateOepartmentofHealthRadioactivemateriaIregistrationRadioactivesourcesnotcoveredbyNRClicense1/1/84Approvalanticipatedby6/1/842of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS1.3CROSSREFERENCETOREGULATORYGUIDE4.2,REVISION2ThefollowinglistofRegulatoryGuide4.2,Revision2,sectionnumbersandtitles(leftcolumn)iscross-referencedtoER-OLSpreparationsectionnumbersandtitles(rightcolumn).AlsonotedinthecrossreferencearecorrespondingsectionsofthedraftNUREG,entitledSupplementalGuidanceforthePreparationofEnvironmentalReportsinSupportofanOperatingLicenseApplication,whichwasrecentlyissuedspecificallyasaguideforER-OLSpreparationandintendedtosupplementRegulatoryGuide4.2,whichaddressesprimarilytheER-CPS.TheNRCrequestedNMPCtoadheretothedraftNUREGfortheNineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSwheretheNUREGmodifiesRegulatoryGuide4.2.Previously,theNRChadrequestedNMPCtoconformtotheformatandguidelinesoftheEnvironmentalStandardReviewPlans(ESRP)developedasdraft,NUREG-0158,whichsubsequentlywasissuedasNUREG-0555.WhiletheNineMilePointUnit2ER-OLShasbeenmodifiedaccordingtothedraftNUREG,itsformatgenerallyfollowstheESRP.Therefore,tofacilitatereview,thefollowingcrossreferenceisprovided.Asanadditionalaidinusingthecrossreference,whereaUnit2ER-OLSsectionorsubsectiontitlerequiresfurther'rossreferencetoachapterorhigher-levelsection,areferenceisgiveninparentheses.RelatorGuide4.2Rev.2Unit,2ER-OLSSectionTitleSystemDemandandReli-abilitySectionTitleProposedProject1.21.32.1OtherObjectivesConsequencesofDelayGeographyandDemography:NotapplicableNotapplicable2.1~1SiteLocationandDescription2.1DescriptionofStationLocation2.1.2PopulationDistribution2.5.1Demography2.1.3UsesofAdjacentLandsandWaters2.2.12.2'2.2.32.3.2TheSiteandVicinity(LandUse)Land:TransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasLand:TheRegionWaterUse1.3-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSReulatorGuide4.2Rev.2Unit2ER-OLSSectionTitleSection2.5.2TitleCommunity'Character-isticsofRegion2.2Ecology2.3Meteorology2.42.72.9EcologyMeteorologyAmbientAir'uality2.4Hydrology2.3.12.3.3HydrologyWaterQuality2.5Geology2.6Geology2.6RegionalHistoric,Archeological,Archi-tectural,Scenic,Cultural,andNaturalFeatures2.5.3HistoricandArcheologicalSitesandNaturalLandmarks2.73.1NoiseExternalAppearance2.103.1NoiseExternalAppearanceandPlantLayout3.2ReactorandSteam-Elec-tricSystem3.2Reactor,Steam-Elec-tricSystem3.33.4StationWaterUseHeatDissipationSystem3.33.4PlantWaterUseCoolingSystem3.5RadwasteSystemsandSourceTerm3.5RadioactiveWasteManagementSystems3.6ChemicalandBiocideWastesI3.6.1WastesContainingChemicalsorBiocides3.7SanitaryandOtherWasteSystems3.6.23.6.3SanitarySystemWastesOtherWastes3.8ReportingofRadioactiveMaterialMovement3.8~RadioactiveMaterialMovement3.9TransmissionFacilities3.7Power-TransmissionSystems1.3-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSRelatorGuide4.2Rev.2Unit2ER-OLSSectionTitleSectionTitle4.0EnvironmentalEffectsofSitePreparation,StationConstruction,andTrans-missionFacilitiesCon-struction4.0EnvironmentalImpactsofConstruction5.15.1.1EffectsofOperationofHeatDissipationSystemEffluentLimitationsandWaterQualityStan-dards5.35.5.2CoolingSystemImpactsCompliancewithEffluentStandards5.1.2PhysicalEffects5.3.1.15.3.2.1HydrodynamicDe-scriptionsandPhysicalImpacts(IntakeSystem)ThermalDescriptionandPhysicalImpacts(DischargeSystem)5.1.3BiologicalEffects5.3.1.25.3'.2AquaticImpacts(IntakeSystem)AquaticImpactsoftheDischarge5.1.4EffectsofHeatDissipationFacilities5.3.3HeatDissipationSystem5.2RadiologicalImpactFromRoutineOperation5.4RadiologicalImpactsofNormalOperation5.3EffectsofChemicalandBiocideDischarges5.5NonradioactiveWasteSystemImpacts5.4EffectsofSanitaryWasteDischarges5.5NonradioactiveWasteSystemImpacts5.5EffectsofOperationand5.6MaintenanceoftheTransmissionSystemsTransmissionSystemImpacts5.6OtherEffects5.15.2LandUseImpactsHydrologicalAltera-tions,PlantWaterSupply,andWaterUseImpacts1.3-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSRelatorGuide4.2Rev.2Unit2ER-OLSSection5.7TitleResourcesCommittedSection5.8.15.1.15.1.25.1.35.2.2.55.3.3.2.35.5.55.6'.65.6.3.110.2TitlePhysicalImpacts(SocioeconomicImpacts)TheSiteandVicinityTransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasHistoricandArche-ologicalSitesIrreversibleandIrretrievableCommit-mentofResources(WaterUseImpacts)EffectsofHeat,DissipationSystemOperationonWildlifeIrreversibleandIrretrievableCom-mitmentofResources(NonradiologicalWasteSystemImpacts)Aquatic(TransmissionSystemImpacts-Oper-ation)LandUseImpacts(TransmissionSystemImpactstoMan)IrreversibleandIrretrievableCommit-mentsofResources(EvaluationoftheProposedAction)5.8DecommissioningandDismantling5.9Decommissioning5.9TheUraniumFuelCycle5.7UraniumFuelCycleImpacts6.0EffluentandEnviron-mentalMeasurementsandMonitoringProgramsSeebelow;6.1Applicant'sPre-operationalEnviron-mentalPrograms1.3-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSRelatorGuide4.2Rev.2SectionTitleSectionUnit2ER-OLSTitle6.1.1SurfaceWaters\6.1.2GroundWater6.1.16.5.26.6.26.36.6.16.3PreoperationalMon-itoring(Thermal)AquaticEcologySurfaceWaterHydrologicalGroundWaterHydrological6.1.3Air6.1.4Land6.46.7.36.5.16'.46.7.16.7.2MeteorologicalAirQualityMon-itoringSystemTerrestrialEcologyandLandUseGeotechnicalMon-itoringAmbientNoiseSurveySeismicMonitoring6.1.5RadiologicalMonitoring6.2Applicant'sProposedOperationalMonitor-ingPrograms6.26.1.26.2.26.3.36.4.26.5.1'6.5.2.26.6.1.26.6.2.26.8.3RadiologicalOperationalMonitor-ing(Thermal)OperationalMonitor-ing(Radiological)OperationalMonitor-ingProgram(Hydrological)OperationalMonitor-ing(Meteorological)PreoperationalandOperationalMonitor-ing(Biological)OperationalMonitor-ing(AquaticEcology)OperationalMonitor-ing(Groundwater)OperationalMonitor-ing(SurfaceWater)OperationalMonitor-ing:ASummarization6.3RelatedEnvironmentalMeasurementandMonitor-ingProgramsNotAddressedinER-OLS.1.3-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSectionTitle6.4PreoperationalEnviron-mentalRadiologicalMonitoringDataRelatorGuide4.2Rev.2Section6.2.1Unit2ER-OLSTitlePreoperational,Moni-toring(Radiological)7'StationAccidentsIn-volvingRadioactivity7.1PlantAccidents7.2TransportationAccidentsInvolvingRadioactivity7.2TransportationAccidents7.3OtherAccidentsNotaddressedinER-OLS.8.0,EconomicandSocialEffectsofStationCon-structionandOperation8.05.8.210.4TheNeedforthePlantSocialandEconomicBenefit-CostBalance9.0AlternativeEnergySourcesandSites9.0AlternativestotheProject,10.0StationDesignAlternatives9.0AlternativestotheProject11.0SummaryCost-BenefitAnalysis10.4Benefit-CostBalance12.0EnvironmentalApprovalsandConsultation1.2StatusofReviewsandApprovals13.0SummaryofActi'onsTakenSummaryofActionsTakenNOTE:ThissectionisnotinRegulatoryGuide4.2,Rev.2,butisincludedinthedraft.NUREG,en-titledSupplementalGuid-anceforthePreparationofEnvironmentalReportsinSupportofanOperat-ingLicenseApplication.

NineMilePoint'Unit2ER-OLSReulatorGuide4.2Rev.2Unit2ER-OLSSectionTitleSectionTitle13.0ReferencesNotapplicable.NOTE:Section14ofdraftNUREGReferencesinER-OLSareplacedattheendofeachtwo-digitsection.1.3-7

APPENDIXlADRAFTSPDESPERMITNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNITSlAND2NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATION

BUREAUOFWASTEWATERFACILITIESDESIGNEXTRAHIGHPRIORITYDRAFTSPDESPERMITTRANSMITTALFORMANDFACTSHEETDATAPermitNo:NY0001015SICCODE:4911ReceivingWater:LakeOntarioNineMilePointUnits1and2NiagaraMohawkLocation:Scriba(T),OswegoClass:ASpecialAverageTotalFLow:395MGDUnit¹141MGDUnit¹2TypeofOperationandMajorProducts:NuclearElectricGeneration610MWUnit¹11100MWUnit¹2ProductionLevelsifEffluentGuidelinesExist:NATo:Mr.GarveyChief,PermitAdministrationSection,BPSFrom:Hr.LoveridgeChief,IndustrialInorganicsSection,BWFDMarch12,1982RationaleForPermitConditions:1';EPAPart423-Existingandproposedeffluentguidelinesandstandardsforsteamtelectricgeneratingcategory.2.NYSWatergualityCriteria8Standards(Part701-704).3.Reviewofdocumentssubmittedbythepermitteewhichevaluatedtheenvironmentaleffectsofthefacility'scirculatingcoolingwatersystem.CommentsonPertinentData:1.NYSDEChasutilizedexis'tingandproposedEPAeffluentguidelinestodetermineappropriateeffluentlimitationsachievablebyBAT.Limitsoncyanidehavebeenincludedsincethepermittee'sprioritypollutantmonitoringindicatedthatthefacilitywasdischargingcyanide.Dischargesofsignificantconcentrationsofotherprioritypollutantswerenotnoted.2.TheSPDESpermitissuedforthisfacilityexpiredonJune31,1981.TheexpiredpermithascontinuedineffectunderSection401oftheStateUniformProceduresAct.3.Monitoringofinternalwastestreamshasbeenincludedsinceitisimpracticaltomonitorthesewastestreamsfollowingdilutionwithotherwastestreams.4.Newoutfalls001-008and040-041becomeeffectiveuponinitiationofoperationofUnit¹2(expectedin1986).DischargesoccurringduringtheconstructionofUnit¹2arecoveredbySPDESpermitNY0094463.5.EPAstaffhavereviewedthepermittee's316(a)demonstrationforUnit¹1andrecommendthata316(a)waiverbegrantedforthisunit.

~-FacilityIDNo.NY0001015StaffofEPA'sWaterResourcesSectionhaveconcludedthatviolationofthe3oFmaximumsurfacetemperaturerisecriterion(oftheNewYorkStateThermalWaterqualityCriteriaforLakes)bythe=operationofMNPC'sNineMilePointUnit1facilitydoesnotappeartohaveprecludedthepresenceofabalanced,.indigenouscommunityinthevicinityofthefacility.Althoughthefacilityhashadsomeimpactonthelocalizedarea,thecontinuedoperationofNineMilePointUnit1alonewillnothaveanadverseimpactontheaquaticcommunity.ThisisdemonstratedbythesimilaritybetweenpopulationfluctuationsinthevicinityofNineMilePointandinthesoutheastareaofLakeOntarioasawhole.DECstaffconcurwiththisconclusion.Infact,DECapproveda3Fincreaseindischargetemperatureandintake-dischargetemperaturedifferenceforoutfall010thatwasincludedintheSPDESpermitissuedforUnit0'1onJune23,1981.Amixingzoneof425acreshasbeendelineatedinthepermitinwhichthedischargefromUnitIIlmayexceedthe3Fsurfaceisotherm.6.ThecirculatingcoolingwatersystemforUnitII2includesacoolingtowerwhichisreflectiveofbestavailabletechnologyeconomicallyavailablefor'eductioninheat.ThedischargefromthecoolingtowerisdiscbargedtoLakeOntarioviaanoffshore,twoportdiffuser.Itisexpectedthatthesurfaceplumewillcomplywiththethermalcriterialimitingtheincreaseinsurfacetemperatureto3oF.InteractionwiththedischargeplumesfromtheNine,MilePointUnit81andadjacentPASNYFitzpatrickfacilityisnotanticipatedt'o"be'extensive.ThepermitteewillberequiredtoconductatwoyearmonitoringprogramtoverifytheextentofthedischargeplumefromUnitk'2andanyinteractionwithUnitII1orFitzpatrick.NYSDECwillreviewtheresultsofthisprogramtodeterminewhetherthe.permi'tteeisincompliancewiththermalwaterqualitycriteria.7.Thedraftpermitincludesacontingentapprovalofthe316(b)demonstration..forUnit0'l.A(b)demonstrationwasnotrequiredforUnitII2sincethecirculatingcoolingwatersystemincludesacoolingtowerandafishby-*pass,collectionandreturnsystem.Approvalofthe316(a)and(b)demonstrationsforUnit81allowsthepermittee,tocontinueoperationofthefacilityaspresentlydesigned.DepartmertbiologistshavedeterminedthatthefacilityhasaminimumimpactontheaquaticbiotaofLakeOntario.Theseapprovalsareapplicableonlytothe5yearlifeafthepermit.Thepermitincludesabiologicalmonitoringprogramtoassesscontinuingaquaticimpactsoffacilityoperationandcompareth'eseimpactswiththosepreviouslyonitored.PROJECTENGINEER:ALLANGEISENDORFERcc:C.Blum,NIMO,w/permitE.Radle,BEP,w/perm'itK.Gumaer,Region7,w/permit1A-2 Copies:FacilityIDNo.NY-0001015EffectiveDate(EDP):EDPExpirationDate(ExDP):EDP+5YearsNEWYORKSTATEDEPARTMENTOFENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONSTATEPOLLUTANTDISCHARGEELIMINATIONSYSTEM(SPDES)DISCHARGEPERMITSpecialConditions(PartI)ThisSPDESpermitisissuedincompliancewithTitle8ofArticle17oftheEnvironmentalConservationLawofNewYorkStateandincompliancewiththeCleanWaterAct,asamended,(33U.S.C.51251et.~se.)(hereinafterreferredtoas"theAct").PermitteeName:NiagaraMohawkPowerCorp.PermitteeStreet:300ErieBoulevardWestPermitteeCity:SyracuseState:Attn:Mr.J.M.Toennies,Env.AffairsDirectorZipCode.13202isauthorizedtodischargefromthefacilitydescribedbelow:FacilityName:NineMilePt.NuclearGeneratingStationUnitsII1and2FacilityLocation(C,T,F)5criba(T)countyOswegoFacilityMailingAddress(Street):LakeRoadFacilityMailingAddress(City):Lycoming(T)intoreceivingwatersknownas:State:NYZipCode:LakeOntarioClassASpecialinaccordancewiththeeffluentlimitations,monitoringrequirementsandotherconditionssetforthinthispermit.Thispermitandtheauthorizationtodischargeshallexpireonmidnightoftheexpirationdateshownaboveandthepermitteeshallnotdischargeaftertheexpirationdateunlessthispermithasbeenrenewed,orextendedpursuanttolaw.Tobeauthorizedtodischargebeyondtheexpirationdate,thepermitteeshallapplyforpermitrenewalasprescribedbySections17-0803and17-0804oftheEnvironmentalConservationLawandParts621,752,and755oftheDepartments'ulesandregulations.>yAuthorityofWiliamL,GarveP.E.ChiefPermitAdministrationSectionDesignatedRepresentativeofCommissioneroftheDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationDateSignature91-20-2(6/80)Pgal1A-3 PartIPage2of14FacilityIDNo.sNY0001015EFFLUENTLIMIThTIONShNDMONITORINGREQUIREMENTSDuringtheperiodbeginningEDpandlastinguntilEDp+5Yearsthedischargesfromthepermittedfacilityshallbelimitedandpermitteeasspecifiedbelow:monitoredbytheOutfallNumber6EffluentParameterDischareLimitationsUnftsMonitorinMeasurementFrequencRemts.Sample010CondenserCoolingWaterUnitb'10DischargeTemperatureIntake-DischargeTemperatureDifferenceaNetRateofadditionofheataCyanideoOllUnitPlWastewaterow11535,1.110.11550OilandGreaseSuspendedSolids30pH6.0-9.0(Range)1550OilandGreaseSuspendedSolids30pHd6.0-9.0(Range)Cyanided0.4020StormDrainage(NoMonitoringRequired)Unitbl1eterSupplyContinuousCalculatedF,ContinuousQFII10kcal/hr.HourlyCalmg/1Monthly12.-hr.MeteredIIculatedCompositeculatedBatchCalOncebeforeDischargemg/1mg/1SUmg/1Grab'a~BatchCa1culateOncebeforedischargemg/1Grabmg/1SUIIIIanreaseSuspendedSolids30pH6.0-9.0(Range)50022SecurityBuildingAir.Conditioning15mg/1BimonthlyIIIISUIlGrab>1-20-2(5/80)pg.41A-4 PartIPage3of14FacilityIDNo--NY-'001015EFFLUENTLIMITATIONSANDMONITORINGREQUIREMENTSDuringtheperiodbeginningwithinitiationofreactorlowpowerandlastinguntil<DP+5Yearsthcdischargesfromthepermittedfacilityshallbelimitedandpermitteeasspecifiedbelow:testing(Unit¹2)monitoredbytheOutfallNumber6EffluentParameterDischsreLimitationsUnitsMonitorinRemts.MeasurementSamplen-'01-006S'tormDrainage(Nomonitoringrequired)007FloorandEquipmentDrains~OilandGreaseSuspendedSolids30pH6.0-9.0(Rar.ge)1550mg/1SU2/MonthGrabRecorderIIIICalculatedRecorderGrab008ScreenWellFishDiversionSystem(NoMonitoringRequired)040-,CoolingTowerBlowdown(Unit¹2)FLow*Continuous,,DiichargeTemperature110(43.3)F(C)'Ihtake-DischargeTemperatureDifference30(16.7)NetAdditionofHeat0.12x10kcal/hr.DailyTotalResidualChlorine0.20.5mg/1ContinuouspH6.0-9.0(Range)SU2/Week6041Unit¹2Wastewater(IncludingDemineralizerRegenerationWastes,FilterBackwash,FloorDrains,8TreatedRadioactiveWastes).FLow*OilandGreaseSuspendedSolids30pH6.0-9.0(Range)1550Batchmg/1SUCalculatedGrab(oncebeforedischarge)FOOTNOTES*MonitoringRequirementOnlyaTheintaketemperatureshallbeconsideredthattemperatureexistingafterintakewatertempering.bTheselimitsandmonitoringrequireoentsshallnotapplyifthiswastewaterisdischargedupstreamofthesewagetreatment"facility.Thereshallbenodischargeofheatfromthemaincondensersexceptheatmaybedischargedinblowdownfromrecirculcatedcoolingwatersystemsprovidedthetemperatureatwhichtheblowdownisdischargeddoesnot'exceedatanytimethelowesttemperatureofrecirculatedcoolingwaterpriortotheadditionofthemakeupwatersMonitoringandlimitsmay,bedeletedfollowingDECevaluationofoneyearofmonitoringdata.1A-5 LOZNTLIl"TATIONSPartIPage4ofFacilityI.D.No.NY0001015~~ingtheperiodbeginningEDP.andlastinguntilEDP+5Yearsdisch'argesfromthepermittedfacilitpshallbelimitedandmoni.oredbythepermitteeasspecifiedbelow:TABLEIOutfallNumbert~eTABLE2SampleTvne~preouenc~-'I4EffluentLimitations(YzximumLimitsexceptwhere'otherwiseindicated)030(X$Flow30dayarithmeticmean65000()YGD(X)GPD(X)BOD550dayarithmeticmean25ng/1andibs/day(I)()BOD57dayaritbuseticmeanmg/1andlbs'/day(X)BODDaily45mg/1and1'bs/day)VOD(2)'ailymg/1hno.1'bs/day(<)SuspendedSolids30dayarithmeticmean~5mg/1andlbs/day(1)()SuspendedSolids7dayarithmeticmeanmg/1andlbs/day(X)SuspendedSolidsDaily45mg/1anulbs/day(X)Effluentdisinfectionrequired,:(X)allpear()SeasonalfromtoFeca"Coliform30dapgeometricmeanshallnotexceed200/100mlFecalColiform7daygeometricmeanshallnotexceed400/1CCmlFecalColiform6hourgeometricmeanshallnotexceed.800/100ml(3)FecalColiformHoindividualsamplemayexceed2400/100ml(3)Ifchlorineisusedfordisinfection,achlorineresidualof0.5-2.0zg/1shallbemaintainedinthecnlorinecontactchamberwheneverdisinfection,'srecuired.Ifspe(gledhere,thechlorineresidual'nthef'naldischargeshallnotexceed'g/l.()TotalColiformDa'y()TotalKjeldahlN'trogenDaily/()AmmoniaDaily'()DissolvedOxygenI~Znimumgreaterthan3zg/"(x)pHRnge(X)SettleaoleSolidsDaily'l/1()PhosphorusDailyzg/1asP()otalNitrogenDaily'g/1asN()YonitorinePeouire=entsSamleLocat'onParaeer(X)TotalFlow,t/GD(X)BOD,mg/"'III(X)SuspendedSolids,mg/1IIII(X)FecalColiform,No./100mlIIII()TotalColiform,No./'tOCml()TotalKjeldahlNitrogen,mg/1as1N()~onia,mg/1as%'.()DissolvedOrygeu/ajar/1(X)pH(X)SettleableSolidsml/1II(X)ResidualChlorine,mg/1II()Phosphorus,mg/1asP()VisualObservation()(2)COD(UtimateOxygenDem'and')"shallbecomputedandreportedasfollows:UCD=1$xBOD5+47'TW(TotalKj'eldahlNitrogen).(3)applicableonlyinth'eInterstate'anitationDistrict.(4)samplecontactchambereffluentandfinaleffluentiflimitsarespeciiedorboth.91-20-1(2/78)1A-6 PartIPage5oflpPacilityIDNo.:NY0001015DefinitionofDailAvereeandDailMaximumThedailyaveragedischargeisthetotaldischargebyweightorinotherappropriateunitsasspecifiedherein,duringacalendarmonthdividedbythenumberofdaysinthemonththattheproductionorcommercialfacilitywasoperating.Wherelessthandailysamplingisrequiredbythispermit,thedailyaveragedischargeshallbedeterminedbythesummationofallthemeasureddailydischargesinappropriateunitsasspecifiedhereindividedbythenumberofdaysduringthecalendarmonthwhenthemeasurementsweremade.The'ailymaximumdischargemeansthetotaldischargebyweightorinotherappropriateunitsasspecifiedherein,duringanycalendarday.MonitorinLocationsPermitteeshalltakesamplesandmeasurementstomeetthemonitoringrequirementsatthelocation(s)indicatedbelow:(Showlocationsofoutfallswithsketchorflowdiagramasappropriate).UNIT¹1SECURIlYBULDINGAIRCONDITIONINGWASTEWATER022FLOOR8EQUIPIDRAINS7UNIT¹20WATEReSTENIITEII+I~eS~0201UNIT-2010008SCREENWELLITARYWASTETREATNENTPLANTINTAKE-UNIT-2INTAKE-UNIT-19Modern>+1HSRT'~Zion91-20-2(580)Pg.3lA-7 eIlIIV page6of14FacilityIDNo.NY00010158-9O0'ZOOOIlee>>ATIO>>CCcctCRICJdectooui<<vlA'IChTO/AII'SSC0H-003f~22>>OclobItvrrrr//////J/r/xercoo<<leJbcAreePROIIUCtbfd'CISSCOCC>>r~C~K5/rlII/jSCWLOOTRCLTOCNTIIPLANTfifel(I~lA.If5/AOIvvCrrIII.CI455QeureeveIllr.N155(fboIiOSy<<KftercetrtuftretccfcfrrtoeVIAI5555S.WCO,fbyf~l1nr-CO15R51OulLAOI:55'CINbrt.55LINDENIrbvfrSTICVCTION5'fe<<NISCLC'bovblefvAeeceehulc~cfeLCTCAIRNOTNOIFTINIOCLCT5leCLINCHUS'IOeteySICILLTIN5eococtelteeefotfle~tlRNALNNTCI,IvrblldONONfleeLACSlroehCLTCIRNIOONOAfICRfacTLRCt155TNIO.~uTINONIlfbeefrlellhoRtufccCeccKvuveRNOLAccIN<<I5CAIRODETAILcj',DLAIIKFLANocS.TfNNRye4INeoC>>IceRA<<bloT$SFoeCOLTIN<<TLAuoeeS~NSIINI..I.I5IllOvIC.C4550<tlrlvoccvllelcfoeToHtettoeTIIICIIIRNI~555OfrAA'd"~~wIj,jP(2jjE555DOTLI.A'0~'eclJsddlfulfsCJCdvrksJIVA'4dldeoÃlsdffCIIONCyd555CfCyd555C,COCJCOAISCydfCSCP5'-cfIteetev5555OAOIC45II(5Sb~IObt'IIILr-Il""~4I~I(R.~eCb0~I4pNutteof.'Irrcvcrfey5c'c'Lcd)I05TNcccATRRESATENLVIUALvcdoe5oATEvoLv5RSOINRINONfyVCLLVSOCR~CURdVAIVCRIOUIRINOKdy0NIRcNyoeANTT'.5v>>CI~NueeeuhIOROLIANSAlOITelLAAIIAIfoeOveOSIIS.IONULoc4roc555~Ncf5POINT'SIq55RCIITOlfe.IXMAISNAI1Ill,eoo~ebILLSCLIjIITTe<<IIIslfAcerfIerstc,drrrft<<IAIII>)ccroorrcvfcyrevIcvrblsrfvelrrococIxul\IT5'evff~~v~4TIIOORARTCITYVATCRELECTILICALALrolfeelA<<coOILeseer"IAN<<ffvrrccofv<<enSusvI+~Q)55'5IFCROCI,CRAI,NOTES*NDRtttRCNCEOSISSSitORrAC/ISCCO.C4oo>>AtesRue!Ayo0COISO5teecccvevcfClf'1%IAIOILPINIKATMETEPI.OETAIIAfohCOLITOIUATICHOtCITYWATCILSCCOWOC-IIOSSC.tuflgNcclCKIfbfcOceSOTIISCALElutiCTle<<ILIAQrobes5'ccellIOMESIILMPowTtLICcEAaRSTATRSIIYARDPII.MGCULVINT/ofetSlIOVO/OISO1SCIOILSECTIONSIIIeIbcCvf5'vvCS$..IVCILI55AALffb>>rv>>'VOATo~IfrrucwI>>ffIIIAV-I'v-t-~..E.;.-...AcvftWeve>>Cc~~IOALeo>>clINfvvccfNNuvvccTAu[LIAIII'IfNLIIL~ccLL~v~ICII&/~lfsovc'.ENlc',II,SIAA'fJL'gTOSVI;tt'l~Sferbv>>vcrl;~A,C"Cc.A.~5uFIREPRDTECTIDMSYSTEM'TNTSIDFGEMERALPLANSCITYWATERSYS'EM 0

Part1Page7of14FacilityIDNo.NY0001015ADDITIONALREUIREMENTS:I.ThefollowingrequirementsareapplicabletoUnits¹1and2.1.ThereshallbenodischargeofPCBsfromthisfacility.2.Inregardtogeneralconditions11.5,items¹3,and¹4shallbereportedsemi-annuallytoNYSDECofficesinCortlandandAlbany.3.Thereshallbenodischargeofboilerchemicalcleaningcompoundsorboilerblowdownfromthisfacility.4.Radiocativitya.GrossBeta-shallnotexceed1,000picocuriesperliterintheabsenceofSr90andalphaemitters.b.Radium226-Shallnotexceed3picocuriesperliter.c.Strontium90-Shallnotexceed10picocuriesperliter.5.ThepermitteeshallsubmitonatrimesterlybasisareporttotheDepartment's'officesinCortlandandAlbanybythe28thofthemonthfollowingtheendoftheperiod.SubmissionofreportsforUnit¹2shallcommencewiththeinitiationofreactorlowpowertesting.a.Dailyminimum,average,andmaximumstationelectricaloutputshallbedeterminedandlogged.b.Dailyminimum,average,maximumwateruseshallbedirectlyorindirectlymeasuredorcalculatedandlogged.c.Dailyminimum,average,andmaximumintakeanddischargetemperaturesshallbelogged.d.Measurementsina,b,andcshallbetakenonanhourlybasis.6.Thelocation,design,construction,andcapacityofcoolingwaterintakestructures,inconnectionwithpointsourcethermal.discharges,shallreflectthebesttechnologyavailableforminimizingadverseenvironmentalimpact.7.Allthermaldischargestothewatersofthestateshallassuretheprotectionandpropagationofabalancedindigenouspopulationofshellfish,fish,andwildlifeinandonthebodyofwater.

Part1Paqe8of14FAci1ityIDNo.NY00010158.9.10.NiagaraMohawkshallnotifytheDepartmentw'thinoneweekfromthetimeofsubmissiontotheNuclearRegulatoryCommissionofanyrequestedchangedintheenvironmentaltechnicalspecificationsreouirementswhichcouldinanywayaffecttherequirementsofthispermit.NiagaraMohawkshallalsosubmitconcurrentlytotheDepartmentanyreportontheenvironmentitsubmitstoanyfederal,state,orlocalagency.NiagaraMohawkshallprovideaccesstotheN-:.neMilePointSiteatanytimetorepresentativesoftheDepartmentsubjecttositesecurityregulationstoassesstheenvironmentalimpactoftheoperationoftheNineMilePointNuclearFacilityandtoreviewanysamplingprogram,methodology,andthegatheringandreportingofanydata.Nobiocides,slimicides,orcorrosioncontrolchemicalsareauthorizedforuse,exceptforthoselistedbyparameterinthepermit.PriorDepartmentapprovalisrequiredforanyadditionaluseofthesechemicalsaswellasfortheuseofanynewwatertreatmentchemicals.ThefollowingrequirementsareapplicabletoUnitgl.1.ByEDP+1month,thepermitteeshallsubmitfinalplans,signedandsealedbyanengineerlicensedtopracticeinNeviYorkState,describingtheterminationofdischarges011and021aspreviouslyproposedbypermitteeintheir12/21/81submision.2.ByEDP+9months,thepermitteeshallterminatedischargesOlland021.3.TheDepartmenthasapprovedtheapplicant'srequestoursuanttoSection315{a)otheCleanWaterAct(CWA)foralternativeeffluentlimitationsatthisfacility.'hethermaleffluentlimitationsonpage2ofthispermitreflectthisapproval.I4,5.ThewatertemperatureatthesurfaceofLakeOntarioshallnotberaisedmorethanthreeFahrenheitdegreesover,thetemperaturethatexistedbeforetheadditionofheatofartificialoriginexceptinamixingzoneconsistingofanareaof425acresfromthepointofdischarge,thistemperaturemaybeexceeded.TheDepartmenthascontinoentlyapprovedtheapplicant'sconsiderationofintakeimpactssubmittedpursuanttoSection316(b)oftheCWA.CompletionofthebiologicalmonitoringprogramdescribedinAdditionalRequirementSectionIVanddemonstrationofimpactssimilartopreviousstudiesisrequiredtoobtainf:nalapprovalofthe316(b)request.ThefollowingrequirementsareapplicabletoUnit82.1Byinitiationofreactorlowerpowertesting,thecompanyshallfileforapprovalwiththeDepartmentatitsofficesinAlbanyandSyracuseanupdated.reportonallUnitb2watertreatment,corrosioninhibitor,anti-fouling,slimicide,biocide,andboilercleaningchemicalsorcompounds.Suchreportshallidentifyeachproductbychemicalformulaand/orcomposition,annualconsumption,frequencyofuse,maximumuseperincident,effluentconcentration,bioassayandtoxicitylimits,andproceduresforuse.ApprovalshallonlybegrantedforthosecircumstancesanduseswhichdonotcontraveneNewYorkStateWatergualityStandards.Nosubstitutionswillbeallowedwithoutpriorapproval.Wastewaterscontainingchemicalsandoilshallbecollectedandtreatedpriortodilutionwithnon-contactcoolingwater.infaciliiteswhichshallbeapprovedbytheDepartment.1A-12 Part1Pagegof14FacilityIDNo.NY0001015NodischargefromthisfacilityshallcauseviolationoftheNewYorkStateDepart-mentofHealthregulationscontainedin10NYCRRPart170atthesourceofintakeofanywatersupplyusedfordrinking,culinaryorfoodprocessingpurposes.PursuanttoPart704CriteriaGoverningThermalDischarges,Section704.3-MixingZoneCriteria,uponthepresentationofafinaldesignforthedischarge,theDe-partmentshallspecify,asappropriate,definablenumericallimitsforthemixingzone,includinglineardistancesfromthepointofdischarge,surfaceareainvolve-ment,andvolumeofreceivingwaterentrainedinthethermalplume.Notlessthan180dayspriortotheinitiationofdischargefromtheNineMilePointNuclearGhneratingStationUnitk'2,NiagaraMohawkshallsubmitforapprovaltotheDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationaplanofstudyforevaluatingtheenvironmentaleffectso'fsuchdischargesonLakeOntariowhichshall.,includebutnotbelimitedtothefollowing:a.Assessmentoftheeffectsoftheintakeonorganismsentrainedintheintakewaterflow.-b.Assessmentoftheeffectsoftheintakeonfishesimpingedon,anyintakestructurescreens.c.VerificationoftheextentofthethermalplumeinthereceivingwatersbyconductingthermalsurveysinalternatemonthsexceptforDecemberthroughMarchduringthefirsttwoyearsofoperation.d.PriortooperationofNineMilePointUnitII2,existingbiologicalstudiesinLakeOntarioasrequiredbyregulatoryagenciesshallcontinue;subsequenttoUnitII2operation,suchstudyprogramsshallbeadjustedasrequiredbyregulatoryagenciestoassesstheoperatingimpactofUnitII2.Requirementstosubmitreports,frequencyofsubmission,andcontentshallbeestablishedatthetimeofapprovalofthestudyprograms.Notlessthan180dayspriortotheinitiationofdischargesfromtheNineMilePointNuclearGeneratingStationUnitP2,NiagaraMohawkshallsubmittoNYSDECofficesinAlbanythreecopiesofthefollowingplansandspecifications.PlansshallbestampedbyanengineerlicensedinNewYorkState.a.Plansofproposedstructures,includingintakestructure,diffuser,tunnelcross-section,coolingtower,screenwellbuilding,andequipment.b.'Plansofallonsitetreatmentfacilitiesincludingoil/waterseparators.c.Pipingand/orflowdiagramsforallfacilitywastestreams,includinganypipingtoorfromNineMilePointUnit81andcontaminatedplantandsitedrainage.d.Flowdiagramofcirculatingcoolingwatersystemfromtheintaketothediffuser.1A-13 Part1Page16of14FacilityIDNo.NY0001015IV.BiologicalMonitoringandRelatedMattersa.PreviousBiologicalMonitoringData-By.July1,1982,thepermitteeshallfilewiththeChief,BureauofEnvironmentalProtectioninAlbany;FisherySectionheadinCapeVincent;andwiththeRegionalSupervisorofFishandWildlifeinSyracoseareportcontainingand/oridentifyingallpreviousreportsregardingthisfacilitywhichcontainbiologicaldatarelatingtotheecologicaleffectsofplantoperationfromMarch31,1975tothepresent.Previouslysubmittedreportsneednotbeduplicated,buttitle,date,anddatalocationmustbecompletelyidentified.AcopyofallunsubmittedreportsanddatashallbesenttotheaboveofficesbyJuly1,1982.Datatobereportshouldinclude,butisnotnecessarilylimitedtocoolingwaterflows,dates,times,availableoperatingandmeteorologicalconditions,andspecies,numbers,andotheravailablebiologicalinformation.b.ImpingementMonitoring-Thepermitteeshallconductaprogramtodeterminethenumbersandtotalweightsbyspeciesoffishimpingedonallintaketravelingscreens.Collectionsshallbemadeseventy-eight(78)dayseachyear,providedthatthec'irculatingwaterpumpsareinoperation.Whencollectiondayscoincidewithshutdownofthemaincirculatingwaterpumps,collectionsneednotbetaken.Collectionsshallbeobtainedatthefollowingintensityondaysrandomlyselectedwithineachmonth.Shouldtherandomlyselecteddatesresultinaperiodinexcessof10daysduringanymonthinwhichsamplingdoesnotoccur,additionalsamplingisrequiredsothatperiodsinexcessof'10dayswithoutasampledonotoccur.MonthNumberofSamleDasJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember4,4416204464442.Collectionsshallbeconductedforaminimumperiodof24hours.Thebeginningofthe24-hourperiodshallbeselectedandheldconstantbythepermitteeforallcollections.Acollectionperiod:-.shallbenolongerthan26hours.Impingementcollectionshallbecalculatedandreportedona24-hourbasis.3.Travellingscreensshallbewasheduntilltheyarecleanprioltothestartof.the24-hourcollectionperiod.4.Individuallength(cm)andweight(g)measurementsshallbemadeonwhiteperch,smallmouthbass,yellowperch,alewife,rainbowsmelt,andeachspeciesofsalmonidinordertocharacterizethesizedistributionforeach24-hou'rcollection.Nolessthan25organismsofeachspeciesshallbemeasuredunlesslessthan25individualsoccurinthecollection.

Part1Pagellof14FacilityIDNo.NY0001015Ifmorethan25individualsofasinglespeciesarecollected,exceptforsmallmouthbass,yellowperchandeachspeciesofsalmonidwhicharetobeprocessedseparately,arepresentativesubsampleof25fishshallberemovedandlengthsandweightsrecordedforthesubsample.Intheeventofhighimpingmentnumbers,anestimateofthenumbersandtotalweightsbyspeciesfishshallbecalculatedasfollows:EstimatedNo.ofFish=VolumeofTotalSamleXNo.ofFishin.SubsamleVoumeofSubsampleThetotalsamplevolumeshallbedeterminedbyrepeatedlyfillingavolumetricallygraduated20-gallonplasticcontainerandthenrecordingandsummingthevalues.Thetotalvolumeisthenthoroughlymixedbyhandorwithashovelandspreadoutevenlyoveraflatsurface.Analiquotofthetotalsampleisrandomlyselectedandthissampleportionisremovedfromtheflatsurfaceandmeasuredinthegraduatedcontainertodetermineitsapproximatevolume.Thetotalnumberoffishinthesubsampleisthendetermined.Intheeventofextremelylargeimpingementloads,thepermitteemayrequestregionalstafftomakeadjustmentstoorsuspendtheabovesubsamplingprocedures..Electricaloutputandoperationofthecondensercoolingwatersystemincludingintakeanddischargetemperatureandtotalflowshallberecordedonadailybasisandtabu-latedasrequiredinthefollowingsectiononreporting.ByJuly1,1982,thepermitteeshallfileforapprovalattheofficeinSectionIVa.aboveaplanwhichwilldeterminethecollectionefficiencyofthefollowingimpingedorganisms:whiteperch,smallmouthbass,yellowperch,alewife,andrainbowsmelt.PriorcollectionefficiencydataspecifictothisplantmaybesubstitutedfortheaboveplanprovidedthatitissubmittedbyJuly1,1982,toNYSDECandapprovedbyNYSDEC.Reportingl..AlldatarequiredbySectionIVorincorporatedbyreferenceinSectionIVshallbeincludedinanannualbiologicalmonitoringreport.2.Theannualreportshallbesubmittedbysixmonthsfromthelastmonthofdatacollection.3.Thefollowingshallbeincludedintheannualreportinadditionto(1)above:a.Monthlyandannualtotalsofimpingementbyspeciesandgrandtotaloverallspecies.Thecalculationstobedoneareasfollows:-1-Monthly"mean"isequaltothetotalnumberoffishimpingedbyspeciesonthesamplingdaysinthemonthdividedbythetotalnumberofsamplingdays.-2-Annual"mean"isequaltothetotalnumberoffishimpingedbyspeciesonthesamplingdaysintheyeardividedbythetotalnumberofsamplingdays.Similarcalculationsshallbemadeforagrandtotaloverspecies.Thetotalnumberoffishandsamplingdaysshallbeclearlyindicatedinanytablereportingthe"totals."

Part1Page12of14.FacilityIDNo.NY0001015b.AnestimateofthecollectionefficienciestobedeterminedpursuanttoSectionIVb.(6)above.Ifsufficienttimeisnotavailabletoincludetheseestimatesinthefirstannualreport,thepermitteemay,uponwrittenrequestandsubstantiationandwithNYSDECapproval,extendthisreportingrequirementintoanannualreportotherthantheinitial.c.Estimatesshallbedevelopedoftheaveragemonthlyimpingementratebasedonthenumberofsamplingdaysandtotalvolumeofwaterpumpedduringthesedays,andalsoofthetotalmonthlyimpingementbasedontheaveragemonthlyrateandthevolumeofwaterpumpedduringthemonth,foreachspeciesimpinged.4.Allmeasurementshallusethemetricsystem,e.g.flowsshouldbeincubicmeters/sec.(m3/s).5.Copiesofallreportsregardingwaterandbiologicalparametersrelatedtointakeanddischargeconsiderations,whethergeneratedforthispermitorotherwise,shallbesenttotheofficesinSectionIVa.above.6.Report(s)submittedinfulfillmentofpermitconditionsshallclearlyidentifyonthetitlepagethepermitnumberandthespecificsection(s)bycharacterandnumberthatthereport(s)fulfill.Eachsectionofthetextofsuchreport(s)shallidentifythesection(s)ofthepermitthatitfulfills.7.NYSDECreservestherighttohavemorefrequentsubmittalofthedatarequiredtobereported,providedthatthepermitteeisgivenatleastone(1)monthpriornoticeofsuchmorefrequentreportingrequirements.8.Themeasuresthepermitteeinstituted,ifany,inthereportingyeartoaccomplishminimizationoffacilityimpactsonaquaticbiota.9.TheformatsforreportingthefollowingdataareincludedinAppendixA.DatasheetsforrepoetingintheAnnualReport:a.Flowb.Temperaturec.Circulatoroperationd.Electricaloutputd.BiologicalspecimensmayberequiredtobesubmittedtoNYSDECuponrequest.e.Thefacilityshallbeoperatedinsuchamannerastominimizefacilityimpactsonaquaticbiota.f.Asaresultof'YSDEC'sreviewofthebiologicalmonitoringprogram,thepermitteemayberequiredtoimplementappropriatemethodsandprocedurestoreducetothefullestextentpossibletheeffectsoffacilityoperationonaquaticorganisms.

PartIPage13of14FacilityIDNo.:NY0001015SCHEDULEOFCOMPLIANCEFOREFFLUENTLIMITATIONS(Continued)c)Thepermitteeshallsubmitcopiesofthewrittennoticeofcomplianceornoncompliancerequiredhereintothefollowingoffices:Chief,ComplianceSectionNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation50WolfRoadAlbany,NewYork12233RegionalEngineerP7NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation7481HenryClayBoulevardLiverpool,NY13088Dr.RichardBaker,ChiefPermitsAdministrationBranchPlanning&ManagementDivisionUSEPARegionII,26FederalPlazaNewYork,NewYork10278The"permitteeshallsubmitcopiesofanyengineeringreports,plansofstudy,finalplans,as-builtplans,infiltration-inflowstudies,etc.requiredhereintotheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationRegionalOfficespecifiedaboveunlessotherwisespecifiedinthispermitorinwritingbytheDepartmentoritsdesignatedfieldoffice.91-18-2(9/76)1A-17 MONITORING,RECORDINGANDREPORTINGPartIPage14of14FacilityIDNo,:000ZO]5a)ThepermitteeshallalsorefertotheGeneralConditions(PartII)ofthispermitforadditionalinformationconcerningmonitoringandreportingrequirementsandconditions.b)ThemonitoringinformationrequiredbythispermitshallbesummarizedandreportedbysubmittingacompletedandsignedDischargeMonitoringReportformonceevery1monthstotheDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationandotherappropriateregulatoryagenciesattheofficesspecifiedbelow,ThefirstreportwillbeduenolaterthanThereafter,reportsshallbesubmittednolaterthanthe28thofthefollowingmonth(s):WaterDivisionNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation50adolfRoad-Albany,NewYork12233NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationRegionalEngineer-Region!/77481HenryClayBoulevardLiverpool,N.Y.13088OswegoCountyDept.ofHealthP.O.Box1325421MontgomeryStreetSyracuse,NewYork13202Attn:BobBurdick~X(Applicableonlyifchecked):Dr.RichardBaker,Chief-.PermitsAdministrationBranchPlanning&ManagementDivisionUSEPARegionII26FederalPlazaNewYork,NewYork10278c)Ifsodirectedbythispermitorbypreviousrequest,MonthlyWastewaterTreatmentPlantOperator'sReportsshallbesubmittedtotheDECRegionalOfficeandcountyhealthdepartmentorcountyenvironmentalcontrolagencyspecifiedabove.d)Monitoringmustbeconductedaccordingtotestproceduresapprovedunder40CFRPart136,unlessothertestprocedureshavebeenspecifiedinthispermit.e)Ifthepermitteemonitorsanypollutantmorefrequentlythanrequiredbythepermit,usingtestproceduresapprovedunder40CFR136orasspecifiedinthepermit,theresultsofthismonitoringshallbeincludedinthecalculationandreportingofthedatasubmittedintheDischargeMonitoringReports.f)Calculationsforalllimitationswhichrequireaveragingofmeasurementsshallutilizeanarithmeticmeanunlessotherwisespecifiedinthepermit,g)Unlessotherwisespecified,allinformationsubmittedontheDischargeMonitoringFormshallbebaseduponmeasurementsandsamplingcarriedoutduringthemostrecentlycompletedreportingperiod.h)BlankDischargeMonitoringReportFormsareavailableattheaboveaddresses,91-20-2(8/81)Page2 APPENDIX1BSECTION401WATERQUALITYCERTIFICATIONNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATION 0

NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalt.onservationDivisionofPureWatersPeterA.A.Berle,CommitsionerFebruary23,1977Mr.J.M,Toennies,DirectorEnvironmentalAffairsNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation300ErieBoulevardWestSyracuse,NewYork13202Re:401WaterQualityCertificationNineMilePointNuclearStationUnitSP2

DearMr.Toennies:

InresponsetoyourrequestofFebruary24,1976forrecert-ificationpursuanttoSection401oftheFederalWaterPollutionControlActAmendmentsof1972totheoriginalcertificationissuedforthisfacilitydatedOctober12,1973,theNewYorkStateDe-partmentofEnvironmentalConservationherebysupercedestheexistingcertificationasfollows:PublicnoticewasdulygivenpursuanttoPart608.16oftheOfficialCompilationofCodes,RulesandRegulationsoftheStateofNewYork.TheDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationherebyissuesthecertificationinaccordancewithSection401oftheActandinaccordancewithapplicableeffluentlimitationsorotherlimitationsinSections301,302,306and307oftheActforconstructionoftheNineMilePointUnitN2NuclearGenerat-ingfacilityonLakeOntariointheTownofScriba,OswegoCounty,NewYork.ThiscertificationisintendedtoapplytoproceedingsbeforetheU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommissionandtheU~S.Environmental Mr.J.M..Toennies,DirectorFebruary23,1977ProtectionAgency.Thiscertificationisissuedduetofunda-,mentalchangesinthecirculatingcoolingwatersystemfromopencycleoncethroughcoolingtoclosedcyclecoolingutilizinganaturaldraftevaporativecoolingtower.Baseduponthefore-going,theDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationherebycert-ifiesthatNiagaraMohawkwillcomplywithallapplicablepro-visionsof301,302,306and307oftheActforitsNineMilePointNuclearGeneratingStationUnitN2providedthat:I.Therearenofuturechangesinanyofthefollowingthatwouldresultinnon-compliancewithSections301,302,306and307oftheAct,A.Theproposedconstructionandoperationofthefacility;B.Thecharacteristicsofthewatersintowhichdis-chargesaremade;C.Thewaterqualitycriteriaapplicabletosuchwaters;orD.Applicableeffluentlimitationsorotherrequirements.II.TheapplicableprovisionsofStatelawsandregulationsarecompliedwith;andIII.Thefollowingeffluentlimitationsandmonitoring'equirementswhichshallbeconditionsofanyU.S.NuclearReg-ulatoryCommissionlicenseorU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyNPDESpermitforNineMilePointUnitN2pursuanttoSec-tion401doftheActarecompliedwith.1.PursuanttoPart704CriteriaGoverningThermalDischargesSection704.1(a),allthermaldischargestothewatersoftheStateshallassuretheprotectionandpropagationofa'balancedindigenouspopulationofshellfish,fishandwildlifeinandonthebodyofwater1B-2 Mr.J.M.Toennies,DirectorFebruary23,19772.Pursuantto.Part704CriteriaGoverningThermal.DischargesSection704.5thelocation,design,constructionandcapacityofcoolingwaterintakestructuresinconnectionwithpointsourcethermaldischargesshallreflectthebesttechnologyavailableforminimizingadverseenvironmentalimpact.3.PursuanttoPart,701ClassificationsandStandards"ofQualityandPurityPart701.4thefollowingclassesandstan-dardsforfreshsurfacewatersshallbeattainedinLakeOntariooutsidethezoneofactivemixinginducedbytheturbulenceofthedischarge.Suspended,colloidalorsettleablesolidsNonefromsewage,industrialwastesorotherwasteswhichwillcausedeposi-tionorbedeleteriousforanybestusagedeterminedforthespecificwaterswhichareassignedtoeachclass.Oilandfloatingsub-stancesNoresidueattributabletosewage";industrialwastesorotherwastesnorvisibleoilfilmnorglobulesofgrease,Tasteandodor-producingsubstances,toxicwastesanddeleterioussubstancesNoneinamountsthatwillbeinjurioustofishlifeorwhichinanymannersh'alladverselyeffecttheflavor,coloror*odorthereof,orimpairthewatersforanybestusageasdeterminedforthespecificwaterswhichareassignedtoeachclass.Radioactivitya.GrossBetaShallnotexceed1,000pic~criesperliterintheabsenceof.Srandalphaemitters.b.Radium226c.Strontium90Shallnotexceed3picocuriesperliter.Shallnotexceed10picocuriesperliter.1B-3 Mr.J.M.Toennies,DirectorFebruary23,1977PursuanttoPart702SpecialClassificationsandStandardsSection702.1QualityStandardsforClassASpecialWa<ersthefollowingadditionalrequirementsshallbeachievedinLakeOntariooutsidethezoneofactivemixinginducedbytheturbulenceofthedischarge.TotalDissolvedSolidsShouldnotexceed200milligramsperliterpHShouldnotbeoutsidetherangeof'6.7to8.5RadioactivityShouldbekeptatthelowestpracticablelevelsandinanyeventshouldbecon-'trolledtotheextentnecessarytopre-ventharmfuleffectsonhealth..5.NodischargefromthisfacilityshallcauseviolationoftheNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealthregulationscontainedin10NYCRRPart170atthesourceofintakeofanywatersupplyused-fordrinkingculinaryorfoodprocessingpurposes.6.PursuanttoPart704CriteriaGoverningThermalDis-chargesSection704.3MixingZoneCriteria,uponthepresentationofafinaldesignforthedischargetheDepartmentshallspecifydefinablenumericallimitsforthemixingzone,includinglineardistancesfromthepointofdischarge,surfaceareainvolvement,ofvolumeofreceivingwaterentrainedinthethermalplume,asappropriate.7.Notlessthan180dayspriortotheinitiationofdischargefromtheNineMilePointNuclearGeneratingUnitN2NiagaraMohawkshallsubmittotheDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,forapproval,aplanofstudyforevaluatingtheenvironmentaleffectsofsuchdischargesonLakeOntario,whichshallinclude,butnotbelimitedtothefollowing:A.Assessmentoftheeffectsoftheintakeonorganismsentrainedintheintakewaterflow.B.Assessmentoftheeffectsoftheintakeonfishesimpingedonanyintakestructurescreens1B-4 Mr.J.M.Toennies,DirectorFebruary23,1977C.Theextentofthethermalplumeinthereceiv-ingwaters,tobeverifiedbythermalsurveyinalternatemonthsexceptforDecemberthroughMarchduringthefirsttwoyearsofoperation.D.PriortooperationofNineMilePointUnitg2existingbiologicalstudiesinLakeOntarioasrequiredbyregu-latoryagenciesshallcontinue;subsequenttoUnit42operationsuchstudyprogramsshallbeadjustedasrequiredbyregulatoryagenciestoassesstheoperatingimpactofUnit7/2.Requirementstosubmitreports,frequencyofsubmission,andcontentshallbeestablishedatthetimeofapprovalofthestudyprograms7.StartingonemonthsubsequenttoplantoperationNiagaraMohawkshallsubmittotheDepartmentamonthlyreportofdailyoperatingdatabythe30thofthemonthfollowingfor:A.Dailyminimum,maximumandaveragestation.electricaloutputinmegawatts;watervolume;B,Dailyminimum,maximumandaverageintakeG.Temperatureindegressfarenheitofthe.,intakeanddischargeshallbemonitoredcontinuouslyanddailyminimum,maximumandaverageintakeanddischargetemperaturesshallbereported.8.Thereshallbenodischargeofheatfromthemaincondensorsexceptheatmaybedischargesinblowdownfromrecir;culatedcoolingwatersystemsprovidedthetemperatureatwhichtheblowdownisdischargesdoesnotexceedatanytimethelowesttemperatureofrecirculatedcoolingwaterpriortotheadditionofmake-upwater.9.Neitherfreeavailablechlorineortotalresidualchlorinemaybedischargedfromanyunitformorethantwohoursinanyoneday.10.Thedischargeoffreeavailablechlorineshallnotexceedamaximumconcentrationof0.5mg/1noranaverageconcentrationof0,2mg/1,withthefurterrestrictionthattheconcentrationoftotalresidualchlorineinthereceivingwatersoutsidethezoneofactivemixinginducedbytheturbulenceofthedischargeshallnotexceed0.05mg/1.

Mr.J.M.Toennies,DirectorFebruary23,1977ll.NiagaraMohawkshallnotifytheDepartmentwithinoneweekfromthetimeofsubmissiontotheNuclearRegulatoryCommissionofanyrequestedchangeintheenvironmentaltechnicalspecificationsrequirementswhichcouldinanywayaffecttherequirementsofthiscertification.12.NiagaraMohawkshallalsosubmitconcurrentlytotheDepartmentanyreportontQeenvironmentitsubmitstoanyFederal,Stateorlocalagency.13.NiagaraMohawkshallprovideaccesstotheNineMilePointSiteatanytimetorepresentativesoftheDepartmentsubjecttositesecurityregulationstoassesstheenvironmentalimpactoftheoperationoftheNineMilePointNuclearUnitN2,andtoreviewanysamplingprogram,methodology,andthegather-ingandreportingofanydata,pursuanttotheconditionsofthiscertification.ThiscertificationisissuedsolelyforthepurposeofSection401oftheAct.Ifanyconditionofthiscertificationissubsequentlydeclaredinvalid,theDepartmentshallreconsidertheentirecertificationandmakeappropriateamendmentsandmod-ificationsasaresultofsuchconsiderations.AcopyofthiscertificationisbeingforwardedtotheDirectorofRegulation,UnitedStatesNuclearRegulatoryCommissionandtheRegionalAdministratoroftheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,RegionII,VtrulyyoursWilliL.GarveyDirectorBureauofStandards6Compliancecc:U.S.NRCcc:U.S.EPA1B-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISCHAPTER2ENVIRONMENTALDESCRIPTIONSTABLEOFCONTENTSSectionTitlePacae2.12.1.1DESCRIPTIONOFTHESTATIONLOCATIONReferences2~112~132.22.2.12.2.1.12.2.1.22.2.1.32.2.22.2.2.12.2.2.22.2.2.32.2.2.42.2.3.2.2.3.12.2.3.22.2.3.32.2.42.32.3.2.3.2.3.11.11.1.12.3.2.3.2.3.2.3.2.3.2.3.1.1.21.1.31.1.41.1.51.1.61.1.6.12.3.2.3.2.3.23~1.222.12.22.3.1.1.6.2LANDUSETheSiteandVicinityLandUseWithintheSiteBoundaryLandUseintheSiteVicinityLocalandRegionalLandUsePlansforSiteandVicinityLandUse:TransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasTransmissionCorridorsAccessRoutesandOffsiteAreasExistingLandUseLandUseRestrictionsLand:TheRegionAgricultureRecreationalUseTransportationReferencesWATERHydrologySurfaceWaterSeasonalTemperatureStructureofIakeOntarioWaterCirculationinLakeOntarioGeomorphologyatNineMilePointCurrentsatNineMilePointAmbientThermalStructureatNineMilePointExistingThermalPlumesNineMilePointUnit1ThermalPlumeSurveysJamesA.FitzPatrickPlant,ThermalPlumeSurveysGroundwaterWaterUseSurfaceWaterSupplyGroundwater2.2-12~2-1202-12~212~232.2-42.2-42;2-52.2-52.2-52.2-62.2-62~272~272.2-92~312.3-12~312~312.3-12~322~332.3-42.3-52.3-52.3-62~372.3-82.3-82.3-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section2.3'.2.3.2.3.2.3.2;3.2.3.2.3.2.3.2.32'.12.3.22.42.533.13.22.3.3.52'.3.62.3.42.42.4.12.4.12.4.12.4.1.1.1.1.1.22.4.12.4.12.4.12.4.12~4.12.4.12.4.12.4.1.1.3.1.3.1.1.3.2.1.3.3.1.4.1.5.1.6.22.4.12'.1.2.1.2.2.2.3.2.4.2.52.4~12.4.12.4~12.4.22.4.22.4'2.4.22.4'.1.1.1.1.2.1.32.3.3.32.3.3.4TitleLakeOntarioFisheriesCommercialFishHarvestSportFishCatchesRecreationNavigationWaterQualityIntroductionHistoricalReviewofWaterQualityDatafortheSiteandVicinityLakeOntarioWaterQualityOverviewWaterQualityParametersMonitoredinNineMilePointRegionWatersWaterQualityintheNineMilePointRegionofLakeOntarioWastewaterDischargesReferencesECOLOGYTerrestrialEcologySiteandVicinityGeneralSiteCharacterisiticsTerrestrialCommunitiesandTheirInteractionsWithTheirEnvironmentFaunaMammalsAvifaunaHerpetofaunaSignificantHabitatsEnvironmentalStressesSummaryTransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasGeneralCorridorCharacteristicsTerrestrialCommunitiesandSpeciesInteractionFaunaSpecialHabitatsStressedAreasAquaticEcologyTheSiteandVicinityPhytoplanktonMicrozooplanktonMacrozooplanktonPacae2.3-92.3-92.3-92.3-92.3-102'-102'-102.3-102.3-112~3112~3122.3-192.3-202.4-12.4-12.4-12.4-12.4-22.4-62.4-72.4-102.4-122.4-142.4-142.4<<152.4-162.4-162.4-162.4-182.4-202.4-202.4-202.4-202'>>212.4-232.4-24 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section2.4.2.1.42.4.2.1.52.4.2.1.62.4.2.22.4.32.52.5.12'.1.12.5.1.22.5.22.5.2.12.'5.2.22.5.2.32.5.2.42.5.2.52.5.2.62.5.2'2.5.2.82'.F92.5.32.5.42.62.72.F12.7'2.7.32.7.42.7.52.82.92.9.1TitleIchthyoplanktonBenthicOrganismsFishTransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasReferencesSOCIOECONOMICSDemographyPopulationWithin20Km(12.4Mi)PopulationBetween20and80Km(12.4and50Mi)CommunityCharacteristicsofRegionEmploymentandEconomicBaseTaxationZoningSocialServicesandPublicFacilitiesTransportationDemographyHousingEducationRecreationHistoricalandArcheologicalSitesandNaturalLandmarksReferencesGEOLOGYMETEOROLOGYGeneralDescriptionofRegionalClimateSeasonalandAnnualFrequenciesofSevereWeatherPhenomenaDescriptionofLocalAirflowPatternsandCharacteristicsLong-Term(Routine)DiffusionEstimatesReferenceRELATEDFEDERALPROJECTACTIVITIESAMBIENTAIRQUALITYAirQualityDataBasePa<ac2.4-252.4-272.4-292.4-352.4-382.5-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.5-42.5-42.5-52.5-52.5-52.5-62.5-62.5-62.5-72.5-72.5-92.5-112.6-12.7-12'-12.7-12.7-22~732.7-42.8-12.9-1F9-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section2.9.22.9.32.9.42.9.52.9.62.9.72.9.82.102.10.12.10.22.10.32.10.4TitleAnalysisofSulfurDioxide-MonitoringDataAnalysisofTotalSuspendedParticulates-MonitoringDataAnalysisofNitrogenDioxide-MonitoringDataAnalysisofSettleableParticulates-MonitoringDataAnalysisofOzone-MonitoringDataConclusionsReferencesNOISESiteCharacteristicsAmbientSoundLevelsFederalandStateStandardsReferencesPacae2.9-22.9-22.9-32.9-32.9-3F9-32.9-52.10-12.10-12.10-22.10-52.10-72-iv NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2LISTOFTABLESTableNumber2~112.2-12.2-22~23~2.2-42.2-52.2-62.2-72'-82.2-92.2-102.2-112.2-122.3-1TitleTOWNS,VILLAGES,ANDSHOREPOINTSLOCATEDWITHIN10KMOFTHESITELANDUSEWITHINTHESITEBOUNDARYSELECTEDAGRICULTURALCHARACTERISTICSOSWEGOCOUNTY-1974AND1978LANDUSESWITHIN10-KM(6.2-MI)RADIUSOFUNIT2(OUTSIDESITEBOUNDARY)RECREATIONALAREASWITHIN10KM(6.2MI)OFUNIT2DAIIYTRAFFICVOIUMEOFCOUNTYHIGHWAYSWITHINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2EXISTINGANDPOSTCONSTRUCTIONIANDUSESWITHINTHETRANSMISSIONLINECORRIDORLANDUSEWITHINTHEVICINITYOFTHETRANSMISSIONLINEREGIONALLANDUSESREGIONALAGRICULTURALSTATISTICSCROPSHARVESTEDREGIONALAGRICULTURALSTATISTICSFRUITHARVESTEDREGIONALAGRICULTURALSTATISTICSCATTLEANDMILKPRODUCTIONRECREATIONALAREASINTHEREGIONSURFACEAREAANDVOLUMEOFWATERENCLOSEDWITHIN2C(3.6F)ABOVEAMBIENTISOTHERMS,THREE-DIMENSIONALTHERMALSURVEYS-NINEMILEPOINTVICINITY2-v NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS-CHAPTER2LISTOFTABLES(Cont)TableNumberTitle2.3-22.3-32.3-42.3-52.3-62~372.3-82.3-92.3-102.3-112.3-122~313SUMMARYOFHYDROTHERMALFIELDSURVEYDATA,JAMESA.FITZPATRICKNUCLEARPOWERPIANT-1976-1977PUBLICANDPRIVATEWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMSINTHEUNITEDSTATESDRAWING.FROMIAKEONTARIOWITHIN80KM(50MI)OFUNIT2CANADIANWATERSUPPIIERSANDINDUSTRIALUSERSDRAWINGFROMLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80KM(50MI)OFUNIT2UNITEDSTATESIRRIGATIONINTAKESONLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80KM(50MI)OFUNIT2CANADIANIRRIGATIONINTAKESONLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80KM(50MI)OFUNIT2TOTALCOMMERCIALFISHBYSPECIESINKILOGRAMS(ANDPOUNDS)HARVESTEDFROMLAKEONTARIO(U.S.ANDCANADIANWATERS)ESTIMATEDFISHHARVESTBYANGLERSINNEWYORKSTATEWATERSOFLAKEONTARIOIN1976-1977ESTIMATEDFISHHARVESTBYANGLERSINCANADIANWATERSOFLAKEONTARIOBETWEENSALMONPOINTANDKINGSTON,ONTARIO,IN1980ESTIMATEDTOTALFISHHARVESTBYANGLERSINCANADIANWATERSOFLAKEONTARIOIN1980TONNAGEONTHENEWYORKSTATEBARGECANALINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2(1963-1976)WATERQUALITYPARAMETERSMEASUREDINTHENINEMILEPOINTSTUDYAREAHISTORICALCOMPARISONOFWATERQUALITYINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINT NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2LISTOFTABLES(Cont)TableNumberTitle2.3-142.3-152.4-1MONTHLYVARIATIONINSELECTEDWATERQUALITYPARAMETERSCOLLECTEDINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINT,1978TRACECONSTITUENTSLISTEDINNEWYORKSTATESTANDARDSFORCLASSASPECIALWATERSPHYLOGENETICSPECIESLISTOFPIANTSRECORDEDDURING'979FIELDSURVEYUNIT2SITEANDENVIRONS2.4-22.4-32.4-42~4-52.4-62.4-'72.4-82.4-92.4-10SUMMARYOFOVERSTORYVEGETATIONEARLYSECOND-GROWTHFORESTCOVERTYPETRANSECT1SUMMARYOFOVERSTORYVEGETATIONMIXEDFORESTANDSHRUBLANDSCOVERTYPETRANSECT2SUMMARYOFOVERSTORYVEGETATIONMIXEDHARDWOODFORESTCOVERTYPETRANSECT3rSMALL-MAMMALTRAPPINGRESULTSMAMMALIANSPECIESANDMAJORHABITATASSOCIATIONSINOSWEGOCOUNTYCOASTALZONE,1976GAMEANDFURBEARERSPECIESOFIMPORTANCEINOSWEGOCOUNTYCHECKLISTOFAVIANSPECIESANDTHEIROCCURRENCEINOSWEGOCOUNTYCOASTALZONEIGENERALIZEDHABITATASSOCIATIONSOFMAJORBREEDINGSPECIESINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2.HABITATASSOCIATIONSFORAVIANSPECIESOCCURRINGDURINGNONBREEDINGSEASONSINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2IISTOFTABIES(Cont)TableNumber2.4-112.4-122.4-132.4-142.4-152.5-1TitleROADSIDECOUNTANDBREEDINGBIRDCENSUSFORAREASADJACENTTOUNIT2SITE,1976BIRDOFPREYNESTINGLOCATIONSHERPETOFAUNACOMMONLYOCCURRINGINTHEOSWEGOCOUNTYCOASTALZONECOMMONVEGETATIONSPECIESLIKELYTOOCCURWITHINTHEUNIT2-VOLNEY345-KVRIGHT-OF-WAYPRETIMINARYVEGETATIONANALYSISSURVEYOFTHERIGHT-OF-WAYOFTHEUNIT2-VOLNEY345-KVTRANSMISSIONFACILITY1980POPULATIONANDPOPULATIONDENSITIESFORTOWNSANDCITIESWITHIN20KM(12.4MI)OFUNIT22.5-22.5-32.5-42.5-52.5-62.5-72.5-82.5-92.5-102.5-112'-121970-1980POPULATIONGROWTHFORTOWNSANDCITIESWITHIN20KM(12.4MI)OFUNIT21980POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)1985POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)1990POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)2000POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)2010POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)2020POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)2030POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)1980POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION.(80KM/50MI)=1985POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50MI)1990POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50MI)

NineMilePointUnit"2ER-OLSCHAPTER2LISTOFTABLES(Cont)TableNumberTitle'.5-132.5-142.5-152.5-162.5-17~2.5-182000POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50MI)2010POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50MI)2020POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50MI)2030POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50MI)CIVILDIVISIONSWITHOVER10,000PEOPLEIN1980WITHIN80KM(50MI)OFUNIT2EMPLOYMENTBYINDUSTRYOSWEGOCOUNTY-19702.5-19EMPLOYMENTBYOCCUPATIONOSWEGOCOUNTY-19702.5-202.5-212.5-222.5-232.5-242.5-252.5-262.5-27LABORFORCEANDEMPLOYMENTBYAREA-1970MEDIANINCOMEFORCITIESANDTOWNSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATION-1970SCHOOLDISTRICTTAXRATESFORCITIESANDTOWNSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATION-1976-1977OSWEGOCOUNTYREVENUESANDEXPENDITURES-19761976PROPERTYTAXSTATISTICSRATESANDREVENUESFORCITIES,ANDTOWNSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATIONHOUSINGCHARACTERISTICSFORCITIESANDTOWNSSURROUNDINGNINEMILEPOINTSTATION-1970LOCATIONANDENROLIMENTOFPUBLICSCHOOLSINOSWEGOCOUNTY-'EPTEMBER1982SCHOOLDISTRICTSSERVINGCITIESANDTOWNSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATION NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSCHAPTER2LISTOFTABLES(Cont)TableNumber2.5-282.5-29TitleRECREATIONALFACILITIESWITHINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATIONMAJORCLUBSANDORGANIZATIONSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATION2.5-302.5-31~2.5-322.5-332.5-342.5-352.9-12.9-22,.9-32.9-42.9-52.9-62.9-72.10-12.10-22.10-3SUMMARYOFOUTDOORRECREATIONAREASANDOPENSPACEINOSWEGOCOUNTYMARINASINOSWEGOCOUNTYOSWEGOCOUNTYGOLFCOURSESCOMMERCIALCAMPGROUNDSINOSWEGOCOUNTYHISTORICSITESWITHIN15KMOFUNIT2CULTURALRESOURCESITESWITHIN15KMOFUNIT2AIRQUALITYMONITORINGSTATIONSINTHEVICINITYOFTHEUNIT2SITENEW'YORKSTATEANDFEDERAIAMBIENTAIRQUALITYSTANDARDSSOp-MONITORINGRESULTSTSP-MONITORINGRESULTSNOg-MONITORINGRESULTSSETTLEABLEPARTICUIATES-MONITORINGDATAOZONE-MONITORINGRESULTSNINEMILEPOINTAMBIENTNOISESURVEYNOISEMEASUREMENTLOCATIONSNINEMILEPOINTRESIDUALSOUNDLEVELSNINEMILEPOINTAMBIENTNOISESURVEY2-x NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2L'ISTOFFIGURESFigureNumber2.1-1TitleREGIONWITHIN80KMOFSITENEW"YORKSTATEANDONTARIOPROVINCECENSUSDISTRICT2.1-22.1-32.2-12~222.2-32.2-42~2-5.2.2-6SITEVICINITY10KMSITEBOUNDARIESANDTRANSPORTATIONROUTESLANDUSEWITHINSITEVICINITYEXISTINGLANDUSEWITHIN10KMRECREATIONALAREASWITHIN10KMOFUNIT2TRANSPORTATIONROUTESWITHINA10-KMRADIUSOFUNIT2LANDUSEINTHEYEAR1985OSWEGOCOUNTYPLANLANDUSEINTHEYEAR2000OSWEGOCOUNTYPLAN2~272.2-82.2-92.2-102.2-112.2-122.3-1LOCATIONOFTRANSMISSIONLINESLANDUSESWITHINTHETRANSMISSIONLINESTUDYAREAPRESENTLANDUSESWITHIN80-KMREGIONPLANNEDLANDUSESWITHIN80-KMREGIONRECREATIONAREASWITHINTHE80-KMREGIONOFUNIT2MAJORTRANSPORTATIONROUTESWITHINTHE80-KMREGIONTEMPERATUREATNMPE12-M(40-FT)STATIONNINEMILEPOINTVICINITY-1976 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2LISTOFFIGURES(Cont)FigureNumber2~322~33TitleCUMULATIVEFREQUENCYOFPLUMESURFACEAREASWITHINTHE2CISOTHERMCUMULATIVEFREQUENCYOFPLUMEVOLUMESWITHINTHE2CISOTHERM2.3-42.3-52.3-62.4-12.4-22.4-32.4-42.5-12.5-2'~'.5-32.5-42.5-52.5-62.5-72.5-82.5-9DISCHARGEZONEATNINEMILEPOINTUNIT1WATERSUPPLIESANDINDUSTRIALUSERSONLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80-KMREGIONSEASONALVARIATIONINWATERTEMPERATURESAERIALPHOTOGRAPHVEGETATIONTYPESSIGNIFICANTHABITATSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATION-UNIT2VEGETATIONTYPEMAP345-KVTRANSMISSIONCORRIDORCOUNTIESAND"TOWNSWITHIN20KMOFSITEPOLITICALBOUNDARIESOFCOUNTIESANDPOPULATIONCENTERSWITHIN80KM1980POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KM1985POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KM1990POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KM2000POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KM2010POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KM2020POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KM2030POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KM2xii NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2LISTOFFIGURES(Cont)FigureNumberTitle2.5-102.5-112.5-122.5-132.5-142.5-162.5-172.5-182.5-192.9-12.10-12.10-22.10-32.10-41980POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-80KM1985POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-80KM1990POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-80KM2000POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-80KM2010POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-80KM2020POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-80KM2030POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-80KMCITIESANDTOWNSWITHIN15KMOFSITERIVERSANDLAKESINOSWEGOCOUNTYHISTORICALSITESANDCULTURALRESOURCESWITHIN15KMOFUNIT2LOCATIONOFAMBIENTAIRQUALITYMONITORINGSITESAMBIENTNOISESURVEYMEASUREMENTLOCATIONSAMBIENTNOISESURVEYCNAHOURLYSTATISTICALNOISEDATASITENO.1AMBIENTNOISESURVEYCNAHOURLYSTATISTICALNOISEDATASITENO.2AMBIENTNOISESURVEYCNAHOURLYSTATISTICALNOISEDATASITENO.32.10-5AMBIENTNOISESURVEYCNAHOURLYSTATISTICALNOISEDATASITENO.4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER2ENVIRONMENTALDESCRIPTIONS2.1DESCRIPTIONOFTHESTATIONLOCATIONTheNineMilePointsitecomprisesapproximately364ha(900acres)onGreatLots12and13,whicharelocatedonthesouthshoreofLakeOntariointhetownofScriba,OswegoCounty,NewYork.ThelandisownedbyNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(NMPC).Figure2.1-1showsthegenerallocationofthesiteinrelationtothesurrounding80-km(50-mi)areaandshowspartsofNewYorkState,LakeOntario,andCanada.Figure2.1-2showsthesurrounding10-km(6.2-mi)areaandthelocationofthesiteinrelationtoOswegoCounty,NewYork.Unit2sharesthesitewithNineMilePointUnit1.Unit2occupiesabout18.2'ha(45acres)ofthetotalsite.ThestructureslocatedonsiteareprincipallyownedbyNMPCandinclude:theEnergyInformationCenter(ownedjointlybyNMPCandthePowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork),sewagetreatmentplants,securitybuildings,NineMilePointUnits1and2,andcontractorbuildings.TheUnit2natural-draftcoolingtowerisapproximately454m(1,490ft)southeastoftheUnit2reactorcenterline.Otherstructuresareassociatedwiththetransmissionlines.TheJamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant,ownedbythePowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,islocatedona283.5-ha(700.5-acre)siteimmediatelyeastandadjacenttotheNineMilePointsite.Centerline-to-centerlinedistancebetweenUnit2andtheFitzPatrickplantisabout716m(2,350ft).DetailsofUnit2structures'reshownonFigure3.1-1.Therearenoprivateresidencesorpublicfacilitiesonsite.TheEnergyInformationCenter,however,isopentothepublicTuesdaythroughSunday,10:00amto5:00pm,throughouttheyear.Apicnicareaisprovidedwestofthecenter.Plantpropertylines,siteboundarylines,andtheexclusionareaboundaryareidenticalasindicatedonFigure2.1-3.2.1-1 NineMile.PointUnit2ER-OLSThereactorcentercoordinatesforUnit2arelistedasfollows:GeographicCoordinatesZoneUniversalTransverseMercatorUTMNYSCoordinateSystem-CentralGridZone43deg-31'7"N.Latitude76deg-24'7"W.LongitudeN4819478mE386254mN1283187E546658ThenearestcityisOswego,whichisabout10km(6.2mi)southwestofthesite.Othertowns,villages,andshorepointslocatedwithin10km(6.2mi)ofthesitearelistedinTable2.1-1'.FurtherinformationaboutpopulationisprovidedinSection2.5.1.Syracuse,thenearestmajorpopulationcenter,islocatedabout,53km(32.8mi)southeastofthesite.Othercities,towns,andvillagesareshownonFigures2.1-1and2.1-2.Section2.2providesfurtherinformationonlanduse.NearbywaterbodiesincludetheOtterBranchandCatfishCreek,whichbothflowintoLakeOntario.Theformerislocatedabout5.5km(3.4mi)southeastofthesite,andthelatterisapproximately6.8km(4'mi)tothesoutheast.Unit2islocatedabout1.6km(1mi)fromthenearestpublicroad,CountyRoute29,whichdelineatestheeasternboundaryoftheFitzPatrickplantsite.StateHighway104islocatedabout6.2km(3.9mi)southeastofUnit2.AspuroftheConsolidatedRailroadCorporationprovidesrailservicetothestation.Figure2.1-3provideslocationsandroutesofmajorhighwaysandrailroads.Thelocationofthestationonthesouthshoreof'Lake~Ontarioplacesitoutsideregularshiptrafficlanes.Shipsenroutetoand.fromthePortofOswego,thenearestcommercialport,passabout11.3km(7mi)northofthesite'~'.2.1-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.1.1References1.USGSTopographicMaps,1:24,000Series.Washington,DC,1954.2.Anderson,D.PersonalCommunication,EXPO,CoastGuardUnit,Oswego,NY,August14,1979.2.1-3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.1-1TOWNS,VILLAGES,ANDSHOREPOINTSLOCATEDWITHIN10KMOFTHESITEPlaceLycoming(V)NorthScriba(V)Walker(V)Hammond'sCorners(V)Scriba(T)Demster(V)NewHaven(T)LakeView(SP)NineMilePoint(SP)DemsterBeach(SP)ApproximateDistanceandDirectionfromStation[kmdirectionmi]3.2SE(2.0)4.2SE(2.6)5.2SW(3.2)5.8SE(3.6)6.5SW(4.0)8.0SE(5.0)8.9SW(5.5)1.5SW(1.0)3.0E(1.9)8.0SE(5.0)KEY:V=VillageT=TownSP=ShorePoint1of1

PieTrTAHASTINGSTIiSRGHSSAgstADDINGTONItKingstonREFFERSONT/ggIa,/)~//CANADAOAPRIN'CEBDHA+BAYct7PRINCEEDWARDPT/C/qF/coIAIEK/COBAYIII0O'ITEOP+NINEMILEPOINTo"'UCLEARSTATIONUNIT2uertertownnIILECOUNTYII80KMWISCOUHTYA'IIIlosOswegoOSWEGOCOUNTY///ONEIDACOUNTYFultonLlosIIIIICAYUGA90/DGIIDIYDACAILAKEII'250IJIconAi~WAYNECOUNTY49090SOAR10CanandatquaONTIeoSenecafalls2d0GenevaIYASCLSEiyECAL.<SENECAI,'CAYUGA'IYATESISAICOUNTYrIIIKEUKAL.TOMPKIHSIthacaCOUNTYI-~SyracuseAuburnONONDAGALgII.IIIICORTI.ANDICOUNTYrtlandI'DAILAKESO90eellICOUNTYIIMADISONCOUNTYf///20//\JJ/((I401020SCALE-MILES2040SCALE-KILOMETERSFIGL)RE2.1-1REGIONWITHIN80AMOFSITENEWYORKSTATEANDONTARI0PROVINCECENSUSDISTRICTSNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

oRoNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2~eeeHIMtNHNMrtTOIN'IMIXIC0~ATM(XKOTOOITA0+KOMONA~TACHIIIOIIIOOeelweteeoteeltoeetoeeleeoceletIMhoee/artYXWM\OtIotetltltleCIeeOCHIIIOeel~IIIIIItOAK5tltA5ANTHKKOKTDtM5TttttACH050ITTXATILEGEND:---TOWNBOUNDARIESOOIOIOIORIIRTMINERRDITCOMHIOTHTCKMA0TltA5ANT~ONTa055INO5TttIII1IIMEXICC5mOO000HAMMON05COKHtt0SCEI3AAH%5COKHtt5NEWHYEN~OTTttTITCOINIK5IIIIIMTXKO0:0/I~eKIOCK5COKIHt5xoCVMMIN05~Ie05AUTTIN5COKHtt50QetteTVtHI$50MOTTTIMINETTOQu0>>~IINDTCt055OIO50IITHQTCKHACIOOIItoeeoA~eeoctoeeo///VOLNETSCALE-MILES0I234SCALE-KILOMETERS0IFIGURE2.1"2SITEVICINITY10-KMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

LEUNITZ0R/0PROGRESSCENTERUNITII~I.I\IIIIIIIIIIRRIVA'reJ('gIPLANTI'III\I\IIIIIIRK'EROAOLakevieIVNINEMILEPOINTSITEJAMESA.FITZPATRICKSITEyEP~g%qONIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPPROPERTYLINEtEXCLUSIONAREABOUNDARY)MINERLycomlngROADPOWERAUTHORITYOFTHESTATEOFNEWYORKPROPERTYLINECOIIR>liNorthScribaIIIOOLITFIcIIHIIIIIROROOIORTOVOLNBVSUBSTATIONFIGURE2.I-5SCALE-MILESSCALE-KILOMETERSSITEBOUNDARIESANDTRANSPORTATIONROUTESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.2LANDUSE2.2.1TheSiteandVicinity2.2.1.1LandUse.WithintheSiteBoundaryThepropertyforUnit2islocatedona364-ha(900-acre)siteownedbyNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(NMPC)inthetownofScriba,OswegoCounty,NY.ThesitealsoincludesNineMilePointUnit1(Unit1).Approximately21percentofthesiteisclassifiedindustrial.Othermajorlanduseswithinthesiteboundaryarewoodland(44percent),com-munications(15percent),inactiveagriculturallands(12percent),andwetlands(7percent).Thecommunicationslandusecategoryincludeselectricpowerandtelephonelines,microwavestations,andtelevisionandradiotowers.TheremainderofthesiteisarecreationareaassociatedwiththeNineMilePointEnergy'InformationCenterandasmallorchard.Table2.2-1andFigure2.2-,.1identifythelanduseswithinthesiteboundary.2.2.1.2LandUseintheSiteVicinityThetownofScribaisprimarilyruralwithlargeareasoffarmland.ResidentialandcommercialdevelopmentsareconcentratedatmajorroadintersectionsandalongUSRoute104,whichcrossesthetowninaneast-westdirection.Severalconcentrationsofresidentialdevelopmentarelocatedinthewesternareaofthetown,alongtheboundaryofthecityofOswego.SeasonalresidencesarelocatedalongtheshorelineofLakeOntario,.ThemajorindustriallanduseinthetownofScribaconsistsof.Units1and2,theJamesA.FitzPatrick(JAF)plant,andAlcanAluminumCorporation.OswegoCounty,isprimarilyrural.Exceptforthepower-generatingfacilities,themajorityoftheindustriallandisconcentratedaroundthecitiesofOswegoandFulton,whicharelocatedapproximately10km(6.2mi)southwestand20km(12.4mi)southofthesite,respectively.Land-useinOswegoCountyispredominantlyopenspaceandagricultural.Forest,brushland,andwetlandsencompass62percentofthecountylandarea.Agriculturallanden-compasses23percentofthecountylandarea.Approximately30,000ha(74,000acres)areusedforharvestedcropland'able2.2-2providesagriculturalcharacteristicsforOswegoCounty.ThenumberoffarmsinOswegoCountyhasdeclinedfrom1974to1978.Toencouragefarmerstokeeptheirland2.2-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIS'agriculturalproduction,agriculturaldistrictshavebeenformedundertheNewYorkStateAgriculturalDistrictsLawof1971.Theseagriculturaldistrictsaredesignatedareasthatareeligibleforcertaintaxincentivesifthelandiskeptinagriculturalproduction.OswegoCountyhasnineagriculturaldistricts.Twoofthesedistrictsencompassportionsofthe10-km(6.2-mi)radiusfromthepowerplant.ThesetwodistrictsareScriba,whichincludesScribaandthecityofOswego,andMexico,whichincludesMexico,NewHaven,andRichland.LakeOntarioencompasses19,846ha(49,040acres),or63percentofthe10-km(6.2-mi)radiusfromUnit2.'he10-km(6.2-mi)radiusiscenteredontheUnit2reactor,buttheland.uses-identifieddonotincludethoselanduseswithinthesiteboundary.Figure2.1-2identifiesthe10-km(6.2-mi)radiusofthesitevicinity.Thetypesandareasoflanduseswithinthe10-km(6.2-mi)radiusofthesiteareidentifiedinTable2.2-3andFigure2.2-2.Althoughonly41ha(101acres)ofrecreationallandareasexistwithinthe10-km(6.2-mi)radiusofthesite,OswegoCountyhasawidevarietyofrecreationalresources,in-cludingthoseassociatedwithwaterrecreationonLakeOntario.Withina10-km(6.2-mi)radiusofUnit2,thereare11rec-reationallandareas.ThenearestfacilityistheEnergyInformationCenterlocated"adjacenttoUnit1.Thein-formationcenterhaseducationalexhibits,naturestudytrails,andapicnicarea.ThenearestparktothesiteisScribaPark,located8.1km(5.0mi)south-southwestofthesite.Theparkencompasses30ha(74acres)andhasapic-nicarea,playground,andswimmingfacilities'cribaParkhasacapacityof417persons.Table2.2-4andFigure2.2-3identifyrecreationallandareaswithin10km(6.2mi)ofUnit'.Inthesitevicinity,theprincipaltransportationfacilitiesaretheroadandrailroadnetworks'spuroftheConrailCorporationprovidesrailservicetothesite.Highwayaccesstothesiteisviatwocountyroutes,Route1AtothesouthwestandRoute29totheeast.Aprivateeast-westroadcrossesthesiteand.connectswiththesetworoutes.Route29intersectsCountyRoute1.ap-proximately4km(2.5mi)south-southwestofUnit,2.ThesiteisaccessiblefromRoute1(NorthRoad)viaRoutes29,1A,andLakeViewRoad.Dailytrafficvolumestatisticsinclude1971trafficcountsof1,050vehiclesonNorthRoad,4km(2.5mi)south-southwestofthesite,and2~22 NineMilePointUni;.t2ER-,OLS1,840vehiclesonRoute1A,4km(2.5.mi)southwestof~thesite.Within10km(6.2mi)ofthesiteare11countyroadsand2statehighways.ThetwostatehighwaysareRoutes104and104B,6km(3.7mi)southand8km(5mi)southeastofthesite,respectively.CountyRoute29connectswithRoute104atapproximately6km(3.7mi)south-southeastofthesite.DailytrafficvolumeforRoute104was5,841vehiclesin1979and7,000vehiclesin1976'~'.Table2.2-5providesdailytrafficvolumesofcountyroadswithinthevicinityofthesite.Figure2.2-4identifiesmajortrans-portationcorridorswithin.the10-km(6.2-mi)radiusofUnit2.Approximately72km(45mi)oftheNewYorkStateBarge,CanalsystemarelocatedwithinOswegoCounty.TheOswegoCanal,whichiscomposedoftheOswegoRiverandtheOneidaRiver,flowsnorth38km(24mi)toLakeOntario.Thecon-fluenceoftheOswegoRiverandLakeOntarioliesinthevicinityoftheNineMilePointsite.Thecanaldropsover0.036km(120ft)fromOneidaLaketoLakeOntariothroughtheuseofsevenlocks,locatedatBrewercon,Phoenix,Fulton,Minetto,andOswego.Lock7islocatedinthecityofOswegoandwithinthesitevicinity.Thelockdimensionsare14by90m(45by300ft).Commercialboatshavepriorityoverpleasureboatsforpas-sagethroughthecanal.Nootherrestrictions,however,areimposedonpleasureboattravelonthecanal.Theaverageoperatingseasonbeginsinmid-AprilandextendstothefirstweekinDecember.Terminalsforfreighthandlingarelocatedinthecity-ofOswego.Withinthe10-km(6'-mi)radiusofUnit2arefourtrans-missioncorridors'hreeofthecorridorsleadfromUnit1andtheJAFplant.RunningsouthfromUnit1aretwo115-kVandtwo345-kVlines.FromtheJAFplantisone115-kVlinerunninginasoutherlydirectionandone345-kVlinerunninginasoutheasterlydirection.Acorridorwithtwo115-kVlines,extendingeastto,west,occupiesapproximately7percent,oftheUnit2site.2.2.1.3LocalandRegionalLandUsePlansforSiteandVicinityThesiteanditsimmediateareahavebeendesignatedforcontinuedexpansionoftheelectricpowergeneratingindus-trybytheOswegoCountyPlanningBoardandzoningregulations.Otherindustrialgrowthisanticipated.bytheOswegoCountyPlanningBoardfortheOswegoRiverCorridor2~23 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSandinthevicinityofthecitiesofOswegoandFulton.Ac-cordingtothe1985and2000LandUsePlansforOswegoCounty,theareainthesitevicinityhasbeendesignatedprimarilyforrural/agriculturallanduses.Futureresiden-tialdevelopmentinOswegoCountyhasbeendesignatedalongtheOswegoRiverCorridorandthecounty'ssouthernborder.The1985and2000LandUsePlansforOswegoCountyareidentifiedonFigures2.2-5and2.2-6,respectively.AccordingtotheNewYorkStatewideComprehensiveRecreationPlan,nostatefacilitiesareproposedwithin10km(6.2mi)ofthepowerstation.Theonlyfuturerecreationalac-tivitiesproposedforOswegoCountyareparkexpansionsatSelkirkShoresStateParkandatSalmonRiverReservoirinthetownofOrwell'~'.The10-km(6.2-mi)radiusfromUnit2encompassesportionsofthetownsofScribaandNewHaven,andasmallportionofthecityofOswego.ThetownsofScribaandNewHavenpresentlyhavenozoningrestrictions.Theonlyexistinglandusecontrolsforthetwotownsarebuildingcodesandfloodplainregulations.ThecityofOswegohaszoningaswellasbuildingcodesthatapplytotheuseofcitywaterandfloodplainregulations'sdiscussedinSection2.2.1.2,thetownsofScribaandNewHavenarepartofagriculturaldistrictsinwhichdesignatedagriculturallandsareeligiblefortaxincentivesifthelandiskeptinagriculturalproduction.2.2.2LandUse:TransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreas2'.2.1TransmissionCorridorsThenewtransmissionlinewillextendfromUnit2totheexisting345-kVVolneyStation,15km'9.4mi)south-southeastofthepowerplant.Thenewtransmissionlinewillparallelfourexistinglines:two115-kVandtwo345-kVlines.Twoother115-kVlinesrunperpendiculartothenewline1km(0.62mi)southofStateHighway104.ThetwotransmissionlinesoftheJAFplantarelocatedap-proximately1km(0.62mi)eastofthenewline.Figure2.2-7identifiesthelocationoftheexistingandproposedtransmissionlines.Theexistingtransmissioncorridorhasawidthof152.4m(500ft).Thisright-of-way(ROW)isownedbyNMPC.Thecenterlineofthenewtransmissionlineislocated30.5m2.2-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS(100ft)eastoftheexistingeasternmost345-kVlineandwithintheROW.2.2.2;-2AccessRoutesandOffsiteAreasThenewtransmissionlinewillcrossnineroads:LakeRoad,BurtMinerRoad,CountyRoute1,MiddleRoad,U.S.-Route104,DelancyAirportRoad(LilyMarshRoad),CountyRoute29,O'onnorRoad,andHallRoad.AccesstotheproposedtransmissionstructureswillbefromtheexistingaccessroadthatextendsthelengthoftheROW.Accessroadstothetransmissionstructureswillbeacombinationofearthenandgravelconstruction.2.2.2.3ExistingLandUseThenewtransmissionlinewillextend15km(9.4mi).Eightdifferentlandusecategories.willbecrossedbytheline.Thepredominantlandusealongthecorridorisforestbrush-land(59percent),definedasareaswithmorethan10percentbrushcoveruptopolestandslessthan30ftinheightand40to50yrofage.Table2.2-6identifiesotherlandusecategoriescrossedbythetransmissionline.Withinthevicinityofthetransmissionline,2km(1.2mi)oneachsideofthetransmissioncenterline,thepredominantlanduseisforestbrushland,whichaccountsforap-proximately55percentofthestudyarea.Othermajorlanduseswithin2km(1.2mi)ofthenewtransmissionline,include:inactiveagriculturalland,15.1percent;cropland/croplandpasture,5.8percent;matureforest,5.2percent;andwetlands,9.2percent.Table2.2-7andFigure2.2-8identifytheexistinglandusesinthevicinityofthetransmissionline.Nospeciallanduseclassificationsexistwithinthecorridorandoffsitearea.NodevelopedareasorresidentialstructuresarelocatedontheexistingROW.2.2.2.4LandUseRestrictionsAccordingtotheOswegoCounty1985and2000LandUsePlans,preparedbytheOswegoCountyPlanningBoard,transmissionlineswithinthenewcorridorsarecompatiblewitharealanduses.Theareainthevicinityofthenewtransmissionlineisprimarilydesignatedrural/agricultural.TheLandUsePlansdesignatetheareainthevicinityofNineMilePointforcontinuedexpansionofelectricpowergeneration.Figures2.2-5and2.2-6showtheanticipated1985and2000landuse.2.2-5 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSThetownofScriba,NY,presentlyhasnozoningrestrictions.BuildingcodesandfloodplainrestrictionsondevelopmentwithinfloodhazardareasexistastheonlylandusecontrolsforthetownofScriba.Thenewtransmissionlinewillnotpassthroughanyfloodhazardareas.Floodhazardareasexistwithin1.6km(1mi)ofthecenterlineoftheROW,butnostructureswouldbeaffectedbythefloodhazardareas.2.2.3Land:TheRegionTheregion,definedasanareawithinan80-km(50-mi)radiusfromthesite,butexcludingthesiteandvicinity,encompassesportionsof10NewYorkcounties:Cayuga,Jefferson,Lewis,Madison,Oneida,Onondaga,.Ontario,Oswego,Seneca,andWayne.The80-km(50-mi)radiusalsoincludessmallportionsofPrinceEdward,Amherst,andWolfeIslandsinOntario,Canada.Approximately35percentofthe80-km(50-mi)radiusencompassesapartofLakeOntario.TheregionisshownonFigure2.1-1.Theregionhasanumberofdispersedurbancenterssur-roundedbyextensivefarmlands,forests,andopenareas.ThecityofSyracuse,located53km(32.8mi)southofUnit.2,isthemajorurbancenterin-theregion.Ap-proximately58percentofthelandinthe10countieswithinthe80-km(50-mi)radiusisclassifiedvacant/openspace.Thirty-fourpercentofthelandareaintheregionisinagriculturaluse.Otherlanduseswithintheregioninclude:.public,3percent;residential,2percent;andrecreation,1percent.Lessthan1percentoftheregion'slandareaisclassifiedindustrial,commercial,extractive,ortransportation.Table2.2-8identifieslandusesforcountieswithinthe80-km(50-mi)radiusofUnit2,4Figure2.2-9identifiesexistinglanduseswithinthe80-km(50-mi)radiusofUnit,2.Landuseplansforthe80-km(50-mi)radiusareaareshownonFigure2.2-10'ccordingtothecounties'anduseplans,developmentisanticipatedprimarilyaroundexistingpopulationcenters.AreaswithprimeagriculturallandhavebeendesignatedforpreservationundertheNewYorkStateAgriculturalDistrictsLawof1971.2.2.3.1AgricultureTheregioni'sanactiveagriculturalarea.Agriculturallandencompasses7,450sqkm(2,876'sqmi)ofthelandareaofthecountieswithin80km(50mi)ofUnit2.Ap-proximately46percentofNewYorkState'swheatcropis2.2-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSharvestedinthese10counties.Within-the10-countyregion,OntarioCountyisthelargestwheatproducer,withapproximately8,701"ha(21,491.4acres)harvestedannually.Ofthestate'scorncropharvestedinthisregion,39percentisusedforsilageand61percentforgrainandseed.CayugaCountyproducesthelargestcropofcornintheregionharvestedforgrain,withapproximately24,895ha(61,490.6acres)harvestedannually.JeffersonCountyusesabout13,156ha(32,495.3acres)toproducetheregion'slargestcropforcornsilage.Approximately25.percentof.thestate'scattleislocatedintheregion.The10-countyregionalso.produces25percentofNewYork'sfruitcrop.WayneCountyproducesthelargestfruitharvestintheregion.Tables2'-9,2.2-10,and2.2-11presentagriculturalstatisticsfortheregion~'.2'.3.2RecreationalUseSeventeenstateparksandonenationalwildliferefugearelocatedwithinthe80-km(50-mi)region.TheneareststatepqrktoUnit2isSelkirkShoresStatePark.SelkirkShoresencompasses397ha(980.5acres)andprovidesactivitiesfor3,646personsatmaximumcapacity'.Table2.2-12iden-tifiesthestateparksandtheirfacilities,capacities,andvisitorcountswithinthe80-km(50-mi)radiusarea.TheMontezumaNationalWildlifeRefugeisinSenecaCounty.Thewildliferefugeencompassesapproximately25sqkm(9.65sqmi)andislocatednorthofCayugaLake,70km(43.4mi)southwestofUnit2.Recreationareaswithin80km(50mi)areshownonFigure2.2-11'.2.3.3TransportationThecityofSyracuse,locatedapproximately53km(32.8mi)southofUnit2,isthetransportationcenterfortheregion.Theregionalhighwaynetworkconsistsprimarilyofcountyhighways,withonlyfourinterstatesandthreestatehighwayswithinthe80-km'50-mi)radiusofthesite.Syracusemarksthejunctionoftwomajorinterstates:theNewYorkStateThruwayandInterstate81.Located25km(15.5mi)eastofUnit2,Interstate81runssouthfromCanada.TheNewYorkStateThruway,Interstate90,runseast-westthroughSyracuse,approximately50km(31mi)southofUnit2.Two'ainraillines,ConrailandAmtrak,runthroughtheregion.ThemainlinesintersectatSyracuseandrunparal-leltoInterstates90and81.Alinefromthecityof2~27 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSOswegoprovidesaccessbyrailtothesite.Oswegoisac-cessiblefromSyracuseandRochesterbyrail.AlsoconnectingSyracuseandOswegoisthebargecanalviatheOswegoRiverandOnondagaLake.Thecanalsystemper-mitsinterstateshipmentviatheGreatLakesandSt.LawrenceSeaway.ThenearestcommercialairporttoUnit2isHancockAirportnearSyracuse,50km(31mi)southeastofUnit2.ThenearestairfieldtoUnit2istheOswegoCountyAirport(FultonMunicipalAirport),located20km(12.4mi)southofthesite.Figure2.2-12identifiesmajortransportationfacilitieswithinthe80-km(50-mi)radiusofUnit2.2.2-8 NineMilePoint..Unit2ER-OLS2.2.4ReferencesCentralNewYorkRegionalPlanningandDevelopmentBoard.CentralNewYorkWaterQualityManagementProgram,FinalOswegoCountySubPlan,1979.'.TransmittalfromMr.RichardA.;Lucas,Supervisor,Plan-ning6DevelopmentGroup,NewYorkStateDepartmentofTransportation,November2,1979.3..NewYorkStateOfficeofParksandRecreation.NewYorkStatewideComprehensiveRecreationPlan,Albany,NY,March1978.CentralNewYorkWaterQualityOnondagaCountySubplan,1979.ManagementProgram,Final5.CentralNewYorkWaterQualityCayugaCountgSubplan,1979.ManagementProgram,Final6.CentralNewYorkWaterQualityMadisonCountySubplan,1979.ManagementProgram,Final7.SenecaCountyPlanningBoard.1977.GeneralDevelopmentPlan,8.WayneCountyPlanningBoard.TheGeneralPlan,1976.9.BlackRiver-St.LawrenceRegionalPlanningBoard.RegionalLandUsePlan,1977.10.JeffersonCountyPlanningBoard.JeffersonCountyLandUsePlan,1978.11.12.Herkimer-OneidaCountiesComprehensivePlanningProgram,RegionalLandUsePlan,Herkimer-OneidaCounties,NewYork,1977.NewYorkCropReportingService.Harvest-1979,Albany,NY,1980.13.NewYorkCropReportingService.Harvest-1979,Albany,NY,1980.CountyCornNewYorkCropReportingService.CattleInventorybyCounty-1980,Albany,NY,1980.15.NewYorkCropReportingService.NewYorkOrchardandVineyardSurvey-1975,Albany,NY,1976.2.2-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS16.NewYorkCropReportingService.NewYorkArgriculturalStatistics-1978,Albany,NY,1979.17.NewYorkState.OfficeofParksandRecreation.ParkCapacities-OswegoCounty.Albany,NY,July18,1977.18.NewYorkStateDepartmentofTransportation.LandUseandNaturalResource(LUNR)Map.1968and1972.19.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.ApplicationforProposedNine*Mile2-Volney765-kVTransmissionFacility,March1978.20'erialPhotographs,Scale1in=1,000ft,August1978.21.OswegoCountyPlanningBoard.OswegoCountyData,1977.NewYorkAlbany,22.U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,BureauoftheCensus.1978CensusofAgriculture,PreliminaryReporttoOswegoCounty,NewYork,1980.23.NewYorkStateOfficeofParksandRecreation.StateOutdoorRecreationFacilitiesInventory.NY,March9,1978.24.TransmittalfromMr.MartinWeiss,OswegoCountyPlan-ningBoard,November7,1979.Updated.andverified,April4,1981.25.AmendedArticleVIIApplicationforNineMile2-Volney.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,April1982.26.NewYorkCropReportingService.MilkProduction-1978,Albany,NY,1979.27.TelephonecommunicationbetweenK.Baraniak,StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation,andS.Y.Lee,NewYorkStateOfficeofParksandRecreation,April1981.2.2-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-1LANDUSEWITHINTHESITEBOUNDARYLandUseCatecaQorrIndustrialHeavymanufacturingWoodlandsForestBrushlandWetlandsShrubwetlands,bogs,marshesWoodedwetlandsActiveagricultureOrchardsRecreationCommunicationsAreaofservicefacilitiesNo.ofHectares~acres76(188)58(143)101(249)10(25)14(35)<1(2.5)7(17)54(133)PercentofSite*21162815NonproductiveInactiveagriculturallands43(106)12*Doesnot.equal100percentduetorounding.SOURCES:References18,19,and201of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS.TABLE2.2-2SELECTEDAGRICULTURALCHARACTERISTICSOSWEGOCOUNTY-1974AND1978TotalnumberoffarmsWithsalesof'2,500andoverWithsaleslessthanS2,500DairyfarmswithsalesofS2,500andoverVaIueofdairyproductssoIdTotallandiefarms,ha(acres}904538366273S9,648,00060,860(150,382)1997835555280225S11,019,00057,285(141,549)TotaIcroplandHarvestedcroplandsCropgrainCornsilageWheatOats(farmswithsalesof42,500andover)HayandgrasssilageAlfaIfaOrchardsVegetables,sweetcorn,melonsAnimalsMilkcowsBeefcowsHogsandpigsSheepandlambsChickens(3monthsandolder)Valueofagriculturalproductssold33,64221,7851,6243,'33724883712,0032,6784191,78711,8372,9691,82736031,555S18,189,000(23,128)(53,830)(4,014)(8,272)(612)(2,067)(29,647)(6,615)(1,035)(4,315)33,09820,6261,4573,3485366613,9203,8223042p1189,8351,7591,1792527,278S21,488,000(81,784)(50,967)(3,603)(8,270)(130)(1,645)(34,395)(9,445)(751)(5,234)SOURCES:References21and221of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-3LANDUSESWITHIN10-KM(6.2-MI)RADIUSOFUNIT2(OUTSIDESITEBOUNDARY)LandUse~CateorActiveAgricultureCroplandandcroplandpasturePermanentpastureSpecialtyfarmsHigh-intensitycroplandOrchardTotalNo.ofHectares~acres86213858(212)(5)(341)~1431,479(3,652)1,195(2,951)PercentofRadiusResidentialHighdensityMediumdensityLowdensityStripdevelopmentRuralhamletShorelinecottagedevelopmentTotalIndustrialLightmanufacturingHeavymanufacturingTotalPublicRecreationCommercialStripdevelopmentShoppingcenterTotalExtractiveSandandgravelpitsTransportationRailwayfacilities603288111274736561041105917825100(148)(79)(217)(27)(314)(116)(901)(15)~257(272)(146)(101)(42)~20(62)(247)(10)1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-3(Cont)Land.UseCategaorrCommunicationsAreaofservicefacilitiesNo.ofHectares~acres12(30)PercentofRadiusWetlandsWoodedwetlandsShrubwetlands,bogs,marshesTotalWoodlandsForestlandForestplantationForestbrushlandTotalWaterNaturalpondsandlakesArtificialpondsandreservoirsMarinelakes,rivers,andseasTotalNonproductiveInactiveagriculturallandsUrbanintensiveTotal690(1,704)331(817)1,021(2,521)460(1,136)61(150)6026~148896,567(16,175)26(64)2(5)19,846(49,040)19,874(49,109)2,131(5,262)35~862,166(5,348)2163SOURCES:References18,19,and202of2

NineMiIePoIntUnit,2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-4RECREATIONALAREASWITHIN10KM(6.2MI)OFUNIT2DistanceandDirectionfromMapRecreationaIUni2NoAreakm~airesionmi1ScribaPark8.1SSW5~OeraorTownTypeof~EnerriseHultipurposepubliclyownedparkHectares~aores28(69)Activities,~aaoiIllesPicnicking(15tables),playground,educationActivlty-Capacity(No.of~PeolePicnic-48Swim-291TotaICapacity(No.of~aeoie4172OntarioBibleConference1.6SSW1.0aquasi-pubIicCampingnonprofitcommunityserviceorgan.Groupcamping,Swim-40swimmingpool93sqm(1,000sqft)403NineHile0.5WPointEnergyInformationCenter0.31CommerciaIPicnickingPicnicking(10tables)natural8:scenicareaPicnic-32Other-50824NewHavenTownPark9.0ESE5.6TownCourtafleIdgames0.4(1)PIayground,basketbaII(1court)Field-50505NewHavenElementarySchool8.5ESE5.3TownPicnicking0.4(1)Playground6CharlesGaIlagherPooI10.0SW6.2TownMultipurposepubliclyownedpark0.8(2)NaturaI8cscenicarea,swimmingpool186sqm(2,000sqft)Other-50Swim-80~1307Lock7Bargecanal8cMarina9.4SW5.8StateBoatmarinas8claunchareas,boatrentalsTransientBoats-382moorings(25),piermoorings3828Ft.Ontario10.0SW6.2CityParkMultipurpose6(15)publiclyownedpark1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSDistanceandDirectionfromMapRecreationaIUnit2~oAreanm~miracionmi~cereorTABLE2.2-4(Cont)Typeof~EnerriseHectares~acresActivities,FacilitiesActivity-Capacity(No.of~seoieTotaICapacity(No.of~secie9OswegoMarina10.0SW6.2CommercialBoatmarinas4(10)ILlauncharessLaunchramps(2),piermoorings(66),boatstorage(160),equipmentsales8crepairs,restaurantBoats-83783710OswegoSpeedway8.3SW5.2CommerciaIRacetrack0.97-km(0.6-mi)track,res-taurant12,00011FortOntario10.0SW6.2State/Dept.ofParks8cRecreationMultipurpose15(36)publiclyownedparkPicnic-48Other-50Picnicking(15tables),historicbuildings(9),457-m(1,500-ft)riverfrontage98SOURCES:References17and232of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-5DAILYTRAFFICVOLUMEOFCOUNTYHIGHWAYSWITHINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2~HihwaCountyRte29BetweenLakeRdandRte1BetweenRte1and104BetweenRte51Aand4DailyTrafficVolume1,7292,8561,229Dateof~aerveApril1978May1978April1979DistanceandDirectionfromUni2kmDirectionmi2ESE1.23SE1.97SSE4.3CountyRte63AtMinerRdCountyRte1BetweenLakeRdandCremeryRdBetweenCremeryRdandLakeviewRdBetweenLakeviewRdandRte29BetweenRte29and44BetweenRte44andHickoryGroveDrBetweenHickoryGroveDrandRte104BMiddleRdBetweenRte1andCremeryRdCremeryRdBetweenRte1andMiddleRdBetweenMiddleRdandRte1046711,3411,3059721,3121,3129648851,0111,558June1978ApriI1978ApriI1978ApriI1978July1978July1978September1978April1979ApriI1979October1979SESWSSWSSESSESSESWSWSW2.53.12.52.53.14.35.03.72.53.7KocherRdBetweenRte1and104CountyRte53BetweenRte104and4KlocksCornerRdBetweenRte104and4County,Rte51ABetweenRte104and29BetweenRte29and513,068702826792595ApriI1978May1978April1979October1979October1979SSW4.3SSW4.3SSW4.3S3.7SSE4.3CountyRte51BetweenRte104and51ABetweenRte51AandMudLakeRd2054021of2October1979October1979SWSSE3~75.6

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSHIIIHhweCountyRte6BetweenRte1and1048BetweenRte104and64TABLE2.2-5(Cont)DailyTrafficVolume602702Dateof~ecrreApriI1979April1979DistanceandDirectionfromUnit2km~eireciccmiESE5.0SE5.0SOURCE:Reference242of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-6EXISTINGANDPOSTCONSTRUCTIONLANDUSESWITHINTHETRANSMISSIONLINECORRIDORExistinPostconstructionLandUse~CateorHectares~acresPercentofTotalHectares~acresPercentofTotalForestbrush-land19.3(47.0)59.0Brushland7.1(17.2)21.630.0(72.6)90.6Matureforest3.0(7.2)9.0AgricultureForestwet-land2.0(4.8)6.01.0(2.4)3.02.0(4.8)6.0PlantationWetland0.5(1.3)1.6Transmission0.1(0.2)0.2linesROW1.0(2')3.00.1(0.2)0.2Transporta-tion0.1(0.2)0.20.1(0.2)0.2Total33.1(80.3)100.6*33.2(80.2)100.00*Roundingofsomeofthevaluesresultsinatotalof100.6percent.SOURCE:Reference251of1

NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-7LANDUSEWITHINTHEVICINITYOFTHETRANSMISSIONLINELandUseCateorWoodlandForestbrushlandMatureforestForestplantationTotalAgricultureInactiveagricultureCropland/croplandpastureHigh-intensitycroplandPermanentpastureTotalResidentialRuralhamletHighdensityShorelinedevelopmentStripdevelopmentTotalPublicIndustrialHectares3,939371304,3401,073415138201,6468277298108PercentofStudArea55.45.20.461.015.15.81.90.323.11.20.0950.0950.032l.4220.161.5ExtractiveSandandgravelCommunicationsAreaofservicefacilitiesOutdoorrecreation1361.90.650.095WetlandShrubwetlands,bogs,marshesWoodedwetlandsTotal1395156542.07'9.2WaterNaturalpondsandreservoirsArtificialpondsandreservoirsTotalTotal1of1611627,1080.90.0160.91699.943

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-8REGIONALLANDUSES(sqkm)LandUseCateorActiveagricultureResidentiaICommercialIndustriaIExtractivePublic/semipublicOutdoorrecreationTransportationVacant/openspaceTotalCayuga~noun901348341,801Jefferson~Count1,36348Lewis~Count60015Madison~Count655301436518131,462792,58312389123,2883t2891,677OneidaC~ount985106144624191t9823,192Onondaga~count54013975252048311,0881,979Ontario~count82233Oswego~Coun4304410157871,9601,6872,482Seneca~coun481214810258829Wayne~Coun67336RegionTotaI7,45050666109786031451401,57121,79583212,698SOURCES:References1,4through11,and181of1

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-9REGIONALAGRICULTURALSTATISTICSCROPSHARVESTED~LoonionCayugaCountyJeffersonCountyLewisCountyMadisonCountyOneidaCountyOnondagaCountyOntarioCountyOswegoCountySenecaCountyWayneCountyRegionStateCornforGrain/Seed~ha26,3064,533812,6314,29013,15318,6572,10411,33213,55796,644263,055YieldProduction~buha~buCornforSilage~ha212.15,580,1007,689202.6185.2918,40015,00012,6675,666197.6205.1520,000879,8008,70110,118205.12,697,5005,059224.94,195,600210.1442p000215.02,436p0005b2613p2381,417215.02,914,5002,833207.320,598,90062,649210,055,250'00252,938YieldProduction~onsha~tons35.829.730.929.729.733.434.632.123.433.4275p000375,600175'00258,000300,000168,750182,000104,00047,25094,500Wheat~ha4,8562021625671p9838,7014,4526,6782,02431.31p980,10029,62532.18,125,00064,752102.886.6499,10017,50091.391.493.998.899.8101.498.886.5101.314,80051,800186,200860p000440,000677,000200,0002,946,4006,560,000YieldProduction~buha~buSOURCES:References12and131of1

~-0 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-10REGIONALAGRICULTURALSTATISTICSFRUITHARVESTED(hectares)LocationA~lesG~raesPeachespearsCherriesPlums/PrunesAlIFruitCayugaCountyJeffersonCountyLewisCountyMadisonCountyOneidaCountyOnondagaCountyOntarioCountyOswegoCountySenecaCountyWayneCountyRegionState1346979436130<276119271<2.<2738,0019,1932891901,2611613417392127,01717,26620<2<21364173884911P3401,3681,7332,709<2<2116126578160709044494334238610,16812,60350,224SOURCE:Reference151of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-11REGIONALAGRICULTURALSTATISTICSCATTLEANDMILKPRODUCTIONCayugaCountyJeffersonCountyLewisCountyMadisonCountyOneidaCountyOnondagaCountyOntarioCountyOswegoCountySenecaCountyWayneCountyRegionStateAllCattleandCalves51,00084,00059,00060,00065,00032,50033,00025,50011,50019,000440,5001,780,000BeefCows2,2002,6006001,6002,5002,5001,6002,3001,0001,80018,70085,000MilkCows25,00044,00032,50035,50033,50017,00011,50011,5004,3008,500223,300912,000AverageMilkProduction/Cow12,20011,10012,30011,80011,30013,20011,90011,40011,20010,40011,68011,488SOURCES:References14,16,and261of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-12RECREATIONALAREASINTHEREGIONMapNo.Park1SelkirkShores2BattleIsland3FrenchmanIsland5SouthwickBeach6WestcottBeach7LongPoint8CedarPoint4FairHavenBeachDistanceandDirectionFromUnit2km15.8NE16.9S42.9SE29.5SW30.8NE47.2NE58.0NE77.0NE~countOswegoOswegoOswegoCayugaJeffersonJeffersonJeffersonJefferson980235268454723192348Camping,picnicking,hiking,swimmingGolfing,fishing,hikingFishing,hiking,picnickingboatingCamping,picnicking,boating,fishingCampingpicnickingboating,fishing,swimming,hikingCamping,picnicking,boating,fishing,swimming,hikingCamping,picnicking,boating,fishing,swimmingCamping,picnicking,boating,fishing,swimmingTotalCapacity3,6463031006,2474,4014,4947541,853VisitorCountApril1979-March180305,00040,000352,00070,00072,0009,00060,0009BurnhamPoint73.0NEJefferson12Camping,picnicking,boating,fishing,swimming55315,00010WhetstoneGulf11ChittenagoFalls12VeronaBeach77.2ENELewis67.5SEMadison76.0ENEMadison2,000183Camping,picnicking,swimming,hikingCamping,picnicking,hiking1,735Picnicking,swimming1,9816994,37428,000115,000305,0001of2

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.2-12(Cont)HapNo.ParkDistanceandDirectionFrom~AcreaeAcivitieaFaciiitieaTotalCapacityNo.ofPeoleVisitorCountApril1979-March113Lock23-Brewerton34.8SSEOnondagaPicnicking,boating11914GreenLakes62.2SSEOnondaga1,101Camping,picnicking,hiking,boating,fishing,swimming3,3611,015,00015ClarkReservation16CayugaLake17ChimneyBluffs63.0SSEOnondaga73.5SSWSeneca49.5WSWWayne290135597Picnicking,hiking,pIaygroundCamping,picnicking,swimming,boating,playgroundCamping,picnicking,swimming,boating,pIayground1F2553,2701,036356FOOO129,00030,000"NotavailableNOTE:AlIfaciIitiesareseasonaI(summer).SOURCES:References3,17,23,and272of2

3KMIO0NINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONg6p,~I~\IIjN4rgl'1Is'lII~plslI)bopLAKER04gQoI"-1Islll41II11ilailllllIIlI'illII>I,ll0IdyllnilOillliJIN}II1II1IIIMINERIRO29r-i)LEGEND:RESIDENTIALOCICIAGRICULTURALCOMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIALRECREATIONALPUBLICFACILITIESFOREST/WETLANDSITEBOUNDARY00I/2SCALE-MILESSCALE-KILOMETERS%'a%Ie%%a(1ww%%IRS$$'LELECTRICTRANSMISSIONLINERIGHT-OF-WAYFIGURE2.2-tLANDUSEWITHINSITEVICINITYNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEIVllLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS 0

LEGEND:RESIDENTIALAGRICULTURALCOMMERICAL/INDUSTRIALRECREATIONALPUBLICFACILITIESFOREST~+i.OVER30FEETWETLANDNINEMILEPOINTSITEBOUNDARYDpSITE/0N7AiPI0S~~43rIOKMn,'8"-O0e1~05GC,e'--00SCALE-MILESSCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.2-2EXISTINGLANDUSEWITHINIOKMINIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2iENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

LA/I'E0N7A/t'/0lakeViewNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONNineMllePointShoreOaksPleasantPointHickoryGroveIOKMOemsterBeachC(NS10on((29MINCDO(6344emsterIIlrloaRIS(i(Ot104Pd,yr~G'p(Ieu(((aau(0~l((CNOA(IRCNONS0to(ItNCANOC(WO'(eo.53Walker.53ribaocp>>tooI8Cornersw4~0Hammond'sCornersSlrA290+rr104NEWSowHavenr(frrdItrrrd'TN(tDSaiaNewHavenn,(ot(tNau6SA6Hllt(N(510OaAV((4(lButteOoSlotAustirCome64umlngsBridg355700i53OtrCuONCAAIARORSSATOR25(55AVoto(R3(CNA(RAOANI(t(t0~QIOC(i4en(l20(tin(0'ailuorY(.142AR(DY((RtoARRgtI(5SIDC(0oSeHIhMI(lQUODa(IDv(A(5(AVndyvl(lenNttCRVjrI1(LVO45(26>'e'YNIruddy./I(mdo/455CDTar5000ount'.Pleasant~//r(poro///(I(rotOo6NorthVolney///4/opSaylo'sCornoLEGEND:U.S.HIGHWAYS~STATEANDCOUNTYROADSTOWNROADSRAILROADSFIGURE2.2"400SITELOCATIONI2SCALE-MILES246SCALE-KILOMETERSTRANSPORTATIONROUTESWITHINA10-KMRADIUSOFUNIT2NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEIVIILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

I00NINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONIOKMMINERRD.NQRTHRDIQ4LEGEND:RESIDENTIALAGRICULTURALCOMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIALRECREATIONALPUBLICFACILITIESFOREST/WETLANDSITEBOUNDARYEXISTINGTRANSMISSIONCORRIDORSSCALE-MILES0I234SCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.2-5LANDUSEINTHEYEARI985OSWEGOCOUNTYPLANNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONIOKMIIMINERRD.NORTHRD104LEGEND:RESIDENTIALAGRICULTURALCOMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIALRECREATIONALPU8LICFACILITIESFOREST/WETLANDSITEBOUNDARYEXISTINGTRANSMISSIONCORRIDORSSCALE-MILES0I234SCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.2-6LANDUSEINTHEYEAR2000OSWEGOCOUNTYPLANNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS ltLI 0NTARI0NINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATION-UNIT2COllai'"SCMSIIe0Ee~0JCGMSEOGINMSSCNTINewNAVLNWFMtlTCOSSGSSSnOrXGGGGSIGNGAJANET~0I%INCAIGllVOLNLYSATlllEOSINSlVOLNEYSUBSTATIONPALLRMOSCALE-MILES01234SCALEINKILOMETERSLEGEND-----TOWNBOUNDARIESEXISTINGELECTRICTRANSMISSIONLINESNINEMILE2TOVOLNEYPLANNEDFIGURE2.2-7LOCATIONOFTRANSMISSIONLINESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

LEGEND:RESIDENTIALAGRICULTURALCOMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIALRECREATIONALPUBLICFACILITIESFOREST"=BegOVER50FEETciasSDWETLAND~5;::VOLNEYSUBSTATIONSITETRANSMISSIONLINEn~'cg0=----STUDYAREA0SCALE-MILESSCALE-KILOMETERS(f~ia'~'OhoFIGURE2.2-8LANDUSESWITHINTHETRANSMISSIONLINESTUDYAREANIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS 0

HASTINGSBellevilleDcsanetoGIS.Picton8'ELLIA'ETOIVBAYPRINCEEDWARDLENNOXANDADDINGTON/FRONTENAC\NapaneeS~yS.I.PRIIVCE~EOHIAROBAYWatertownIGananaque.~QqongstonENCEIIV8IAV(IIgIIIVcF+"",I,:~-CaeVint\roNAouow~,/~oY>>I~(q@Cp/'OOOII~l~X4~~J.o,/5erGJO+-LEGEND:INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIALRESIDENTIALSOUPHARBOUR//ppNTARloCANADANEWYORKUNITEDNENICOBAY~L-~4)oRSONCpQSQEGO(plK0g0SD+4~sb0NewarkgP%OOUNTYCRAlfII-bzIfpOLIJ90COUNTYSNUNTY20OACanandaigua20NANDAIPpUAICEGenevWaterl20ZgI460I'AYNEONTARiI04~ollv/j0SITEI~g\0Hggo~,Ps~<<Ž>>ti/4a6P0S%.~opgg'p+~a60glDn<<Da,~CANEif'+f~SultanrA,+,P.6Syracuse:Rome9ONOneidUticaornOIDS8'ASIPllq0<1=lLONEIDACp.20lCpUNTYl------qgrl44~6r%~,~4405Ip1520SCALE-MILES!0lp2O5OepSCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.2-9PRESENTLANDUSESWITHIN80-KMREGION64ONTARIOCOUNTYI/YATESCOUNTYECAEPORTLAND~OUNTY0QADISpNCNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT

HASTINGSBellevilleIGIS.PRINCEEDWARDPictonO'E/LIAf87Oi/BAYLENNOXANDADDINGTONyFRONTENACNapaneeQC/PR//I/CE~EOINRDBAYAEADEASOASAYGananaquelngstan'go~a)ENCE8I/~eweoar0']y~oo/+~P'~(~l,IIa~+/p.+JJtertown~(LEGEND:INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIALSOUPHARBOUR00I/'o0NTARloCANADANEWYORKUNITEDSITENEX/COBAYIjNIotOSWEGOl~ItIolQj">isiIll//6/QA~0-~CIIIAGRICULTURALlp1520SCALE-MILES20OASO+a:(oI'AYNEONTARI90lI~rb~oDNwarki.~l.GOUNTYCOUNTYtSIONTARIOCOUNTY/YATESCOUNTYSECAI.EICanandaiguaWateriGenev20A'AIIDAISVAI/ENTYSenaFS)I2osleAs1AA'FoQIIOIID)Q"Lo~Ch20lO~i'LANEqDattune/Sptt4OCOUIeidRome90UticaIPOI~llrI~lLoNEIDACo.20~CpUNTYICORTLAND~oolOUNTYMADISONC0lp203040SCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.2-10PLANNEDLANDUSESWITHIN80-KMREGIONNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT

44ItlrN/~RINCflDWARD~ATssss'~8ioc~9C444Tacsas/~dWAlERTOWN~~rlIMAPPARKI.SELKIRK2.BATTLE3.FRENCH4,FAIRHA,SHORESISLANDMANISLANDVENBEACH5.SOUTHWICKBEACH6.WESTCOTTBEACH7.LON6P0INT8.CEDARPOINT9.BURNHAMPOINTIO.WHETSTONEGULFII.CHITTENAGOFALLSl2.VERONA3BEACH13.LOCK23-BREWERTONI4.GREENLAKESI5.CLARKRESERVATIONI6.CAYUGA)LAKE17sCHIMNEYBLUFFSMEXKO@AYosooosRosesORCSSSSSISOOOoeseRI-244',.ylcep/CeoeosssseeeocoosI07A0io$~oeeseIOIICOISOYrOIOSOOCOI4ofsj/~/1~~80KMLEGEND:STATEPARKSLARGEMUNICIPALANDPRIVATERECREATIONFACILITIESlPOTENTIALNEWSTATEPARKAREASIPOTENTIALSTATEPARKEXPANSIONORIMPROVEMENTAREAS7Losoeoococsoscseooo~~I4elss4I,COSOSR=I)~ll:~~EIEIIWATltlOOTRSSCCASARD~oEENLi~iAUEURHal4l3c~scesSYRQ~Isecs3OSYODA/~lAKtI2SSsoolseocoes$I$j:~IOSSASDROMENOTE+FORMOREDETASTATEPARKSW,FIGURE2.2-11I'EDINFORMATIONREFERTOTABLE2.2-12ITHIN80KMOFUNIT2,RECREATIONAREASWITHINTHE'80-KMREGIONOFUNIT2+REF.17:NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATION;NINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2.'NVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

HHASTINGSdrllfV(l(leteDtaatoaltLENNOXANDADDINGTONNA(AHRLngFRONTENAC(O((<<ra<<0+~LIDCreaCr>>ctwOANAHOOV(~eelCIDIg)~II>>,n/'RINCEEDWARD~1(ION~(INC((DWAID~AtCtIAlAI($~>>elle>>elIJIewweleleteato"EII:/g/0MrxKoDAYr>>e>>JIle>>~ewtl~II>>et>>eee~0(W(00IVL(ONWAI(A(OWNIILCeeeeCewrrel~l-Ir<'/jj/jIaletItatII)xl;Jat~I(wrt~etat>>ceeeltCANANDAIOVAca>>at*eralaalowalocol11~1Neo>>ltN(WA(LL>>atwce>>etI>>IIJcteWA(t((00$(N(CA(AL($llewILeletaoce>>etcate\Ico>>~etir'r~HI~0ow>>eleal~ttSYRACUSEAUDLIDN(P~Io~OIIDDAce>>eI~$1owaoaCCJWWcot>>a~Cat>>itLROM(ON(IDAii)II.l!j-LL~-'-~a>>aoeŽ~~race>>teeWI(wJeteCe>>1)IOSCALE-MILES2020SCALE.KILOMETERSFIGURE2.2-12MAJORTRANSPORTATIONROUTESWITHINTHE80-KM'EGIONNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINE,MlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLS2.3WATER2.3.1Hydrology,2.3.1.1SurfaceWater2.3.1.1.1SeasonalTemperatureStructureofLakeOntarioIakeOntarioisalargetemperatelakethatexperiences.seasonalchangesinitsthermalstructure,which,inturn,altersitscirculationpatterns.Thechangesinstratificationresultfromatmosphericheatexchangeandwind-inducedmixing.Naturalwarmingofthelakebeginsinmid-Marchandcon-tinuesuntilmid-September.Attheonsetofwarming,thesurfacewatertemperatureintheshallowlittoralzonerisesmorerapidlythaninregionsjustoffshore.Thedisap-pearanceofanoffshoresurfacetemperatureof4C(39.2F)inlateJunesignalsthestartofthesummerseasoninthelake.Ingeneral,verticalstratificationovertheentirebasinisestablishedatthistimebythecombinedeffectsoflakewarmingandtheadvectionofthewarmer,nearshorewater.Thelake'smeansurfacetemperaturereaches21C(69'F),andthetemperatureofthehypolimnionvarieswithdepth,rangingbetween3.8Cand4.0C(38.8Fand39.2F)InlateSeptemberthewarmingprocessends.Thelake'smeansurfacetemperaturedropsrapidlytobelow17C(62.6F),andthethermoclinebeginstoweaken.Theverticaltem-peraturegradientdecreasesasthesurfacelayeranddeeperwatereffectivelymix.(Mixingistheconsequenceofcon-vectioncausedbycoolingatthesurfaceandisenhancedbytheweakeningofthethermocline,whichpermitswind-inducedturbulencetoextendtogreaterdepths.)Thefallcoolingprocessresemblesspringwarmingbutinreverse.Thebreak-downoftemperaturestratificationthroughoutthelakemarkstheonsetofthewinterseason.Thedateofoverturndif-fersfromyeartoyear,dependingontheoccurrenceofstorms~Thelakesurfaceiscooledbelow4C(39F),andsurfaceisothermstendtobeparalleltoshore.Withcon-tinuedcooling,iceformsinthenearshoreregion.2.3.1.1.2WaterCirculationinLakeOntarioTheannualaveragelarge-scalecirculationpatternofLakeOntarioiscounterclockwise(cyclonicflow),withflowtotheeastalongthesouthshoreinarelativelynarrowbandandasomewhatlesspronouncedflowtothewestalongthe2.3-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSnorthshore.TheconceptualmodelexplainingthisgeneralcirculationpatternispresentedindetailintheJamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant(JAF)316(a)Demonstration'~'.Thegeneralcirculationdescribedabovehasbeendocumentedbyobservationscollectedoverlongperiods(months).Thecirculationpatternsthatareobservedataspecifictime,however,aremorecomplexasaresultofthelake'sresponsetotheshiftingwinds.Attimes,amajorshiftinwinddis-tributioncanalterthecurrentsinamatterofhours,whileatothertimes,somefeaturesofthecurrentpatterncancontinueevenwithanopposingwind'woimportant.examplesofwind-inducedchangesinthegeneralcirculationpattern-areupwellingandinternaloscillations.Upwellingischaracterizedbytherisingofcolder,heavier,bottomwatertowardthesurface.Avarietyofmechanismshasbeenproposedtoaccountfortheobservedoscillationsofthethermocline.Themostdirect,ex-planationisthatanupwellingdisplacesthethermoclinefromequilibriumbyconvertingkineticenergyofthe'windtopotentialenergyofthethermoclineposition.Whenthewindstressisremoved,internalwavesaresetinmotionandcon-tributetothedissipationofthisenergy.Internalwavesincreaseinamplitudeafterstorms,andinLakeOntariotheoscillationshaveaperiodofnearly17.5hr,roughlythreecompleteoscillationsevery2days.TheseoscillationsareacommonfeatureoflaketemperaturerecordsandareprominentinintaketemperaturerecordssuchasthoseofNineMilePointUnit1(Unit1)andthe'JAFplant.2.3.1.1.3GeomorphologyatNineMilePointNineMilePointisaslightpromontoryalongthesouthshoreofLakeOntario.Theoffshoreslopeattheplantissteep(5-10percentgrade)atthebeachandflattensto2-3per'-centgradetothe5-m(15-ft)depth,thensteepenstoa4-percentslopelakeward.Theslopeatthe6-m(20-ft)depthcontourissteeperattheplantthantotheeastorwestoftheplant.AnumberofobservationsofthebottomsedimentsalongthesouthshoreofLakeOntariohavebeenmade.Suttonetal'"'xaminednearshorebottomsediments(0-33m[0-108ft])in1968and1969betweenRochesterandStonyPoint,andstatedseveralconclusionsrelevanttotheNineMilePointsite:1.Thereisgenerallyawest-to-easttransportofsediment.2.3-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.Sitesofsedimentaccumulationoccurinnearshoreshallowareaswheretheshorelineisirregularandwheretherearelocaldeviationsfromtheabovetransportpattern.3.Ingeneral,thecoarsersands,boulders,pebbles,andcobbleslieinthebeachornearshorearea,andfinersedimentsarefoundlakeward.4.Severalsmallpatches,ofsandoccuroffshorebetweenOswegoandMexicoBay,anditishypothesizedthattheseoriginatefromtheOswegoRiver.VisualobservationsmadeintheNine'MilePointvicinityduringthe1973-1976aquaticprograms(Section6.5.2.1.2.7)corroboratetheearlierobservationsofSuttonetal'~'.2.3.1.1.4CurrentsatNineMilePointCurrentmeasurementsweremadeofftheNineMilePointpromontoryfromMaytoOctober1969andfromJulytoOctober1970.Twofixedunderwatertowerswereplacedinthelake,onein7.3m(24ft)of.waterandonein14.0m(46ft)ofwater,andprovidedaverage,hourlycurrentspeedanddirectiondata.Inaddition,two,droguesurveyswereconductedin1969toobtaintheoverallcurrentpatternatthesite.ResultsfromthesestudiesarepresentedintheJAF316(a)Demonstrationndaresummarizedinthefol-lowingparagraphs.MethodsusedinthesestudiesaredescribedinSection6.3.1.Thewindspeed-frequencydataindicatethatovertheyearaspeedinexcessof9m/s(20mph)occurs21'percentofthetime,basedonreadingsaveragedovera6-hrperiod.FromJunethroughSeptember,windsinexcessof9m/s(20mph)occur13.9percentofthetime.Thecurrentspeedof6-hrdurationexceededwithcomparablefrequency(June-September)atthe6-m(19-ft)depthisabout0~06m/s(0~2fps).Thepredominantcurrentdirectionintheprecedingstudiesisalongshore.Onthoseoccasionswhenonshoreoroffshorecurrentswereobserved,theirmagnitudesweresubstantiallylessthanthoseofalongshorecurrents.Basedonthisnear-fielddata,alongshorecurrentsfromtheeastarejustslightlymorelikelytooccurthanfromthewest.OveralllakecirculationpatternsaretypicallywesttoeastalongthesouthshoreofLakeOntario(Section2.3.l.1.3).On-shoreandoffshore.currentseachaccountforonlyaboutSpercentoftheobservations.Approximately30percentof2~33 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLStheobservationswerebelowthemeterthreshold,0.03m/s(0.08fps).2.3.1.1.5AmbientThermalStructureatNineMilePointDataonthethermalstructureofthelakeinthevicinityofNineMilePointareavailablefromstudiesconductedfrom1969through1978intheOswegoand/orNineMilePointareas.Temperaturedataweregatheredaspartofallmonitoringstudies;however,thefrequencyofsamplingandlocationssampledvariedduringtheyears.AcompletedescriptionofthesamplingprogramsispresentedinSection6.1.1andtheyearlyreports'~Theresultsofthesestudiesarealsoprovidedintheyearlyreports'ndaresummarizedinthefollowingparagraphs'erticaltemperatureprofilesrevealedtheexistenceoftransientthermalgradientsequaltoorgreaterthan1C/m(1.8~F/3.3ft)throughoutthestudyarea.Thegradientsexistedprimarilyinthesummertime.Theywerenotseasonallystable,sincetheyweregeneratedanddestroyedbysurfaceheatingandcoolingandmixingwithinthewatercolumnoverperiodsdependentuponmeteorologi=alconditions.Althoughgradientswereobservedinsequentialweeksforupto3-to4-weekperiods,thegradientsobservedwereatdifferenttemperaturesandatdifferentdepthsfromweektoweekandthereforewerenotpersistent.Whenthegradientswereobserved,theyappearedtobeuniformfromstationtostation.ThetemperaturedatarecordedduringJunethroughSeptember(1968-1972)intheexistingintakeoftheOswegoSteamStationwerestatisticallyanalyzedandshowthattem-peraturesinexcessof22.0C(74F)occurredonly12per-centofthetimeduringJunethroughSeptemberand,hence,lessthan4percentofthetimeonanannualbasis.Sincethelakeisgenerallyisothermalinthetop6m(20ft),thetemperatureobtainedattheintakedepthof4.9m(16ft)canbeconsideredtoberepresentativeofthesurfacewatertemperature.ThenaturalseasonalprogressionoftemperaturesintheNineMilePointvicinityfrommid-AprilthroughDecember1976isshownonFigure2.3-1forthe12-m(40-ft)depthcontoursattheNMPEcontroltransect(approximately32km[20mi]eastofUnit.2)'~'.Themaximumsurfacetemperaturesrecordedatthe6-and12-m(20-and40-ft)contourswere23.2C=.(73.8F)and22.3C(72.1F)onAugust23and25,1976,respectively.Theminimumsurfacetemperatureatbothlocationswas1.1C(34.0F)duringmid-December.Theplot2.3-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS(Figure2.3-1)showsapproximately10occurrencesofcoldwaterintrusionsduringthesamplingperiod.Thelargestobservedintrusions.duringthesamplingyearoccurredonAugust2and10.AsecondaryintrusionoccurredonoraboutAugust25.2.3.1.1.6ExistingThermalPlumes2.3.1.1.6.1NineMilePointUnit1ThermalPlumeSurveysThermalsurveysoftheUnit1plumeweremadeduringthefirst6yroftheplant'soperation(1970-1975).Atotalof29fieldsurveysoftheplumesresultingfromthedischargeofheatedcondensercoolingwaterintoLakeOntariohavebeenconducted'.Section6.1.2providesdescriptionsofthemethodsusedinthesesurveys.Theresultsaresum-marizedinTable2.3-1.Anexaminationofthesedatacoveringa6-yrperiodshowsthattheplumeextentanddirectionarestronglydependent,onwind-inducedlakecurrents,waveaction,andupwelling.However,theextentoftheplumehasnodirectrelationshipwiththeactualwindspeed;thatis,highwindsdonotnecessarilycausethelongestplumes.Comparisonsofplumesurveyscondu"tedduringdaysofsimilarambienttemperaturesshownodefiniterelationshipbetweentheheatloadandtheareaofthermalinfluence.Also,thereisnosimplerelationshipbetweentheheatloadandtheplume'soffshoreextent,evenforthesamewindspeedanddirection.Theseobservationsindicatethestochasticnatureoftheplumes,asinfluencedbythehydrodynamiccharacteristicsofthelake.TheEPAguidancefor316(a)demonstrationsrecommendsadis-chargezonedescriptionanddefinesthedischargezoneas"thatportionofthereceivingwaterswhichfallswithinthe2Cisothermoftheplume30%ormoreofthetime"'.Acumulativefrequencydistributionanalysisofthe29setsofdata(Table2.3-1)wasperformedtodefinethesurfaceplumearea.Themeasuredsurfaceareaswithinthe2C(3.6F)isothermwerearrangedinaseriesofdescendingsizes.Theareathatisexceededwithaselectedfrequencyisthenob-tainedfromtheresultingcumulativefrequencycurve(Figure2.3-2).Asshowninthefigure,thesurfaceplumeareaisgreaterthan81ha(200acres)30percentofthetime.Asimilaranalysiswasperformedfortheestimatedvolumesoftheplumewithinthe2C(3.6F)riseisotherm.ThecumulativefrequencycurveisshownonFigure2.3-3.Thevolumeexceeds5.2x10~cum(420acre-ft)30percentofthetime.Thus,thecalculatedmeandepthofthedis-2.3>>5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSchargezonebasedontheestimatedsurfaceareaandthees-timatedvolumeis0.64m(2.1ft).Duetothestochasticnatureoftheplume,theactualshapeofaplumewhichextendsoveranareaof81ha(200acres)cannotbereadilydetermined.Thefoursurveyswith2C(3.6F)isothermsclosesttothe81-ha(200-acre)sizehavecommonareasalmostsymmetricalaroundthepointofdis-chargealongtheplanttransect(NMPP).ArepresentativeareaenclosingthecommonareaofalltheplumesaroundthedischargepointisillustratedasthedischargezoneinFigure2.3-4.Therepresentativedischargezoneextendsabout572m(1,875ft)oneachsideofthedischargepointalongtheshore,andtoamaximumofabout721m(2,365ft)offshore.2.3.1.1.6.2JamesA.FitzPatrickPlantThermalPlumeSurveysTriaxialhydrothermalfieldsurveysoftheJAFplantthermalplumewereconductedduringJune,August,andOctoberof1976andinApril,June,andNovemberof1977.Thesur-veysincludedsimultaneoustriaxialmeasurementsoftem-peratureanddyeconcentrationalongfixedtransectsinthevicinityoftheJAFandUnit1plants.Lakecurrentsatthreedepths,lakelevel,andwindspeedanddirectionwerealsocontinuouslymonitoredbeforeandduringeachsurvey.Section6.1.1.3providesadescriptionofthesurveyprocedures.Table2.3-2containstemperature,asummarydata,andprevailingtriaxialsurveys.Theunderplantgenerating(86and100percentofthemaximumobserved5T,theambientofthepertinentplantoperatinglakeconditionsduringeachofthe191976and1977surveyswereconductedloadsrangingbetween702and822MWecapacity).Currentvelocitiesweregenerallylow,asevidencedbythefactthatthelakecurrentexceeded15cm/sec(0.5fps)duringonlyoneofthesurveys.ThesurveyswereperformedduringApril,June,August,October,andNovember.Thesetimeperiodsareindicativeofconditionsduringlatewintertoearlyspring,latespringtoearlysummer,summer,fall,andlatefalltoearlywinter.Theresultsofthe19postoperationalhydrothermalsurveysindicatethatisothermalconditionsprevailinthestudyareathroughoutmostoftheyearduetothemechanical2.3-6 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSmixinginducedbywinds,therelativeshallownessofthewater,andtheabsenceofanicecover.Short-termmodificationscanbeattributedtosolarheatingoncalmdaysandupwellingduringperiodsofoffshorewinds.Sink-ingplumescanbeobservedwhenambientwatertemperaturesarebelow4C(39.2F).Thetemperatureoftheplumeatthesurfaceislessthantheambientlakesurfacetemperaturewhensolarheatingwarmsonlythesurfacelayersofthereceivingwaterbodyorduringwinterupwellingperiods.Temperatureriseisothermsaremorepronouncedatthesur-faceduringperiodsofsummerupwelling.Thepresenceofnaturalthermalgradients(bothhorizontalandvertical)inthevicinityofthedischarge,aswellaspossibleinteractionwiththeUnit1plume,complicatesthedeterminationofanambienttemperaturefrom'whichplumetemperaturerisescanbecalculated.Inthosecaseswhereanambienttemperaturewasdetermined,it.wasobtainedbyaveragingtemperaturesinthevicinityofthediffuseralongtransectsoutsidethedyeplume.ThethermalinfluenceoftheUnit1plumeinthevicinityoftheJAFplantdischargepreventedthedeterminationofanambienttemperatureforsomeofthesurveys.TheJAFplantdischargehadacoolingeffectonthesurface-watersinthevicinityofthedischargeduringatleastthreeofthesurveys.Thus,theinteractionoftheUnit1plumewiththeJAFplantplumeundertheseconditionsresultedinareduc-tionofthetemperatureintheUnit1plumethroughdilutionwiththecoolerJAFplantplume.Insummary,thefieldsurveyresultsoftheJAFplantplumeshowmaximumsurfacetemperaturerisesof3.6C(6.6F)basedonrecordedtemperaturedata.Duringperiodsofver-ticalstratificationinthevicinityofthedischargeresul-tingfromeithernaturalcausesortheinfluenceoftheUnit1discharge,thesurfacetemperaturerisesattributabletotheJAFplantdischargearereducedandmay,undercon-ditionsofUnit1plumeinteraction,actuallyreducetem-peraturesintheUnit1plume.Thesurveydataindicatethatincreasinglakevelocitiescandecreasethedilutionachievedbythediffuser,andcanincreasethearealextentoftheintermediatefieldisotherms.2.3.1.2GroundwaterDetailedinformationonthisareaofhydrologyasitper-tainstothesiteisprovidedinFSARSection2.4.13.2.3-7 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.3.2WaterUse2.3.2.1SurfaceWaterSupplyLakeOntarioisthesurfacewaterbodyutilizedbyUnit2forcoolingwater.The16UnitedStatesand10Canadianmunicipalwatersuppliesandindustrialuserswithin80km(50mi)ofthesitethatwithdrawwaterdirectlyfromLakeOntarioareshownonFigure2.3-5'nitedStateswithdrawalsfromLakeOntariototalap-proximately9,717,000cum/day(2,567mgd).Ofthisamount,151,400cum/day(40mgd),orapproximately2percent,iswithdrawnbymunicipalsupplierswhoserveatotalpopulationof173,000infourNewYorkStatecounties.Productioncapacityin1981foralldrink-ingwatersupplysystemswithin80km(50mi)totaled208,200cum/day(SSmgd).Averagewithdrawalsrepresent73percentofproductioncapacity.AllwatersupplysystemsandindustrialusersdrawingfromU.STwatersonLakeOn-tarioarelistedinTable2.3-3.Populationthroughoutthe80-km(50-mi)radiusareaisex-pectedtoincreaseslowly,andonlyoneexpansionofawatersupplysystemisknowntobeplannedorunderway.'heMetropolitanWaterBoardofOnondagaCountyisexpectedtoincreaseincapacitybySOpercent(from136,300to204,400cum/dayt36to54mgd])bytheendof1982tomeetlong-termfuturegrowth'22'.IndustrieswithintakesinU.S.watersofLakeOntariowithin80km(50mi)represent98percentofallwithdrawals.Eachindustrywithdrawswaterforcoolingandreturnsit,tothelakeinaonce-throughcoolingprocess.Allotherindustriesintheareausewaterfrommunicipalsupplies(2233)CanadianwaterintakesonLakeOntariowithin80km(50mi)ofUnit2arepermittedbytheOntarioMinistryoftheEn-vironment,towithdrawatotalof324,100cum/day(85.63mgd).Publicwatersuppliesaccountforap-proximately37percentofwithdrawals,andindustriesabout63percent.Allintakesarelocatedmorethan70km(44mi)fromUnit2.DataonCanadianwatersuppliersandindus-trialusersareprovidedinTable2.3-4.InNewYorkState,totalwaterusefromLakeOntarioforir-rigationisapproximately37,900cum/day(10mgd).UnitedStatesirrigationintakesandtheirlocationsareidentifiedinTable2.3-5.2.3-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTheOntarioMinistryoftheEnvironmentpermitsatotalofapproximately24,200cum/day(6.4mgd)tobewithdrawnfromLakeOntarioforirrigation(Table2.3-6).2.3.2.2GroundwaterISincegeneralgroundwatergradientinthesitevicinityistowardthelake,nogroundwatersuppliesareexpectedtobeaffectedbystationeffluents.AllonsitewellsareownedbyNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(NMPC)andarenolongerinuse.Nooffsiteeffectsareexpectedfromstationdewatering.GroundwaterisfurtherdiscussedinFSARSection2.4.13.2.3.2.3LakeOntarioFisheries2.3.2.3.1CommercialFishHarvestUnitedStatesandCanadiancommercialfishharvestsfortheyears1976through1980arelistedbyspeciesinTable2.3-7.Thetotalcommercialfishharvestforthe5-yrperiodwas5.6millionkg(12.3millionlb),ofwhichmorethan90percentwastakenin.Canadianwaters'anadiancommercialfisheriesarelocated,alongtheeasternthirdofthenorthernOntarioshoreline.MostoftheU.S.commercialfishharvesticaughtintheEasternBasinofLakeOntario,withmorethanhalfthecatchcomingfromtheChaumont,Bayregion.MajorportsoflandingareChaumontandOswego.2.3.2.3.2SportFishCatchesSportfishcatchesonLakeOntarioinU.S.watersaregiveninTable2.3-8bymajorspeciesgroups.WithinCanadianwatersofLakeOntario,approximately6,330,000fishwerecaughtbyanglersin1980.Approximately80percentofthesefishwerekeptand56percentwereeaten.Table2.3-9presentsdataregardingfishcaught,kept,andeatenbyan-glersintheCanadianwatersofLakeOntariobetweenSalmonPointandKingston,anareawhichroughlycorrespondstotheCanadianwaterswithinthe80-km(50-mi)radius.DataontotalfishcaughtinCanadianwatersofLakeOntarioareprovidedinTable2.3-10'~2'.2.4RecreationRecreationaluseofLakeOntarioincludesboating,swimming,andfishing.RecreationalopportunitiesinthesitevicinityarediscussedinSection2.5.2.2.3-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.3.2.5NavigationOswegoHarborservesasboththeeasternmostportonLakeOntarioandaterminusoftheNewYorkStatebargecanalsystem.TonnagehandledbytheNewYorkStateBargeCanalisprovidedinTable2.3-11.ThelocationofUnit2onthesouthshoreofLakeOntarioiswelloutsideanynormalshiptrafficlanes.2.3.3WaterQuality2.3.3.1IntroductionLakeOntarioistheonlymakeup,watersourceandreceivingwaterbodyforUnit2.Allothersurfacewaterandground-waterinthesitevicinityareupgradientfromthestationandarenotaffectedbystationoperation.WaterqualityanalysisisthuslimitedtoLakeOntariointhisreport.2'.3'HistoricalReviewofWaterQualityDatafortheSiteandVicinityComprehensivewaterqualitystudies'avebeenconductedbystate,federal,andinternationalagenciesmostlyafter1960.Inaddition,severalinvestor-ownedutilitieshavestudiedwaterqualityneartheirexistingorplannedfacilities'heInternationalJointCommission(IJC)reportedlakewidewaterchemistrydatacollectedduring1965bytheFederalWaterPollutionControlAdministration(FWPCA).TheIJCreportalsoincludeddatafromotherinvestigations,in-cludingthe1966-1967studiesconductedbytheCanadianDepartment,ofNationalHealthandWelfare(CDNHW)'llensummarizedthechemicalcharacteristicsofLakeOn-tariopriorto1972andincludedhistoricaltrendsfromthelate1800s'4.TheEPAsummarizeddatafromwaterqualitysurveysintheirSTORETsystem'~~'.Datafrom1965to1976foreasternLakeOntariowereaccessed.STORETsystemdataincludedresultsfromstudiesbytheU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS),theNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC),theEPA(RochesterFieldOffice),theCanadianCenterforInlandWaters(CCIW),andtheInternationalFieldYearfortheGreatLakes(IFYGL).AsurveyofMexicoBay,locatedapproximately5.6km(3.5mi)eastoftheNineMilePointstudyarea,wasconductedbytheFWPCA-RochesterOf-ficein1965'.3-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSeveralstudieshavebeenconductedbyinvestor-ownedutilities,including.a1973surveyperformedbyRochesterGasandElectricCompanyattheSterlingsite,approximately35km(22mi)westofNineMilePoint'"'.AcomprehensivewaterqualityinvestigationwasconductedintheMexicoBayareabyNewYorkStateElectricandGasCorporationduringApril1977toMarch1978'.NMPCandthePowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork(PASNY)sponsoredwaterqualitysurveysintheNineMilePointstudyareafrom1973through1978.Lessextensivewaterqualitymonitoringreportswerecompiledin1979and1980byNMPC'~,~'.The1978NMPC/PASNYsurveyprovidesthelatestextensivedatabaseandisusedinthisreportforanalysisofseasonaltrendsandforcomparisonwithpreviousstudiesforlong-termwaterqualitytrends2.3.3.3LakeOntarioWaterQualityOverviewLakeOntariohasbeendesignatedbyNYSDECasClassA-SpecialWaters(InternationalBoundaryWaters),6NYCRR702.1'~'tswatersaresuitableforuseaspublicwatersupplies,forculinaryorfood-processingpurposes,andforprimarycontactrecreation.Ingeneral,thewaterinLakeOntarionearNineMilePainthasbeenfoundtobeofgoodquality,withrelativelylownutrientconcentrations,lowbacterialdensities,andlittleindustrialcontamination.Relativelyhighlevelsofdissolvedoxygen,morethanadequateformostaquaticorganisms,werefoundduringallseasons.Thetotaldissolvedsolids(TDS)concentrationsinLakeOntariohaveincreasedsincetheearly1900sandarenowabovetheNewYorkStateWaterQualityStandard'~~'.QualityofthewaterintheNineMilePointstudyareawasdeterminedtobesimilartothegeneralwaterqualitypreviouslyreportedforthelake.Spatialandtemporalvariationsinwaterqualityhavebeenattributedtonaturalthermalstratification,actionofwindandstorms,theOswegoRiver,west-to-eastlongshorecurrents,andhypolim-neticupwellingsofcold,oftennutrient-richwaters'.2.3.3.4WaterQualityParametersMonitoredinNineMilePointRegionWatersThe45waterqualityparametersmeasuredintheNineMilePointsitestudiesandreportedinthissectionarelistedinTable2.3-12.Parameters1through17wereusedtoas-sessthegeneralchemicalqualityofthewater.Parameters18through24arethemajornutrientsnecessaryforalgalgrowthandareusefulinidentifyinganypotentialinfluence20311 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSfromagriculturalandsanitarywastedischarges.Parameters25through31aregenerallyusedtoindicatecontaminationofwatersbysanitaryandindustrialwastes.Tracemetalsanalyses,parameters32through45,provideabasisfortheevaluationoftoxicityimpactsonaquaticlife(Section5.5)andwereincludedtocharacterizeambientwaterqualityrelativetocriteriabasedontoxicity'toaquaticlife.Thesamplinglocations,surveydesigns,andanalyticalproceduresutilizedintheNineMilePointstudiesconductedforNMPCandPASNYaredescribedinSection6.6.2.3'.5WaterQualityintheNineMilePointRegionofLakeOntarioTable2.3-13summarizesthewaterqualitydataforLakeOn-tariointhevicinityofNineMilePoint.An8-yrrecordofwaterqualityispresented.Inadditiontoyear-to-yeartrenddescription,datainTable2.3-13coverhistoricalhighandlowvaluesfortheNineMilePointregionandyearlymean,maximum,andminimumvaluesforeachsamplingyear.SignificantspatialwaterqualityvariabilityinLakeOntariowatersoftheNineMilePointregionwasnotevidentintherawtransectdata,exceptingsolidsandtemperature.Trendsevidentinimportantselected-waterqualityparametersubsetsaresummarizedinthefollowingparagraphs.WaterTemeratureWatertemperatureinfluencesthekineticsofchemicalandbiochemicalreactions.Thisparameterdisplaysseasonalvariationsdirectlyrelatedtoairtemperature.Watertem-peraturewasmeasuredmonthlyortwicemonthlyinLakeOn-tariointhewaterqualitymonitoringprogram.Inaddition,continuousinsitumonitoringwasconducted'.Long-termtrendsindicatenosignificantchangeinwatertemperatureovertime.Seasonalwatertemperaturevariationsareillus-tratedonFigure2.3-6.SpatialtemperaturevariationsareevidentintherawdatapresentedinReferences6throughlland44and45.TheNineMilePointUnit1(Unit1)dischargeelevateslakesur-facetemperature,particularlyinthenearshoreregion.TheJAFplanthaslessofatemperatureeffect,asevidencedbydatatakenfromthewatercolumninthevicinityofitsdis-charge(Section2.3.1.1.1).2.3-12 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSDissolvedOxenDODissolvedoxygenisphotosynthesis.Itisaquaticorganismsandmatter.Thesolubilitytemperature.derivedfromtheatmosphereandessentialfortherespiration,offorbacterialoxidationoforganicofoxygenisinverselyrelatedtoTheNewYorkStatestandardforClassA-SpecialWatersrequiresadissolvedoxygenconcentrationnotlessthan6mg/1.Dissolvedoxygenlevelswereabovethisstandardduringallsamplingatalllocations,excepttheminimumvaluereportedin1973of5.8mg/1DO.DissolvedoxygenlevelswereabovetheEPA(1976)criterionofnotlessthan5mg/1fortheprotectionofaquaticlife'hepHofwateristhenegativelogarithmofitshydrogenionconcentration.ThepHofmostnaturalwatersrangesfrom4to9,withthemajoritybeingbasic(greaterthan7)duetothepresenceofcarbonatesandbicarbonates'"'.ThepHofasystemmaybealteredbypollutionorbynaturalprocesses.Thephotosyntheticprocessusescarbondioxide,whichcausesanincreaseinpH.Respirationgeneratescar-bondioxideandcausesthepHtodecrease.NineMilePointdataindicateamaximumvariationof2.5pHunitsseasonally,withnoapparentlong-termtrends(Table2.3-13).TheNewYorkStatestandardforClassA-SpecialWatersrequiresapHrangeof6.7to8'.Allyearlymeanvaluesareintherangeof8.0to8.4(slightlyalkaline),whichistypicaloftheresultsfromotherLakeOntariostudies'4~'.AnnualmaximumpHvalueshaveconsistentlyex-ceededtheclassificationupperboundof8.5.ItislikelythatthehighpHdatareflectphotosyntheticactivitynearthewatersurface.SecificConductanceSpecificconductanceisthemeasureofasolution'sabilitytoconductanelectriccurrent.Conductanceinwaterdependsonthetotalconcentrationofionizedsubstancesinsolutionandthetemperature.Specificconductanceismeasuredinunitsofmicromhos/cmatastandardtemperatureof25C(45F).TheconductivityofpotablewatersintheUnitedStatesvariesfrom50to1,500micromhos/cm'atapresentedinTable2.3-13indicateanincreaseinspecificconductanceoverthe6yrreported.Specificcon-ductanceofLakeOntariowaterhasbeenincreasingyearlyatarateof13micromhos/cmperdecadeoverthelast2.3-13 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS30yr'4~'Caseyetalfoundthatspecificconductancerangedfrom312to323micromhos/cm.TheNineMilePointdatareflecttheprecedingtrendofincreasingspecificconductanceovertime.TurbiditTurbidityisanexpressionofthescatteringandabsorptionoflightinawatersample.Itiscausedbysuspendedmatter,suchasclay,silt,organicandinorganicmatter,plankton,andothermicroorganisms'~'.Turbidityismeasuredinnephelometricturbidityunits(NTU).Turbidityvaluescollectedduringthe6-yrsamplingprogramindicatenotrendintheseason-to-seasonmeasuredturbidity.Annualvariationsinturbidityaregenerallyrestricted-inrange,withtheexceptionofthe0to52NTUrangereportedin1973.Turbidityvariationscanbeattributedtospringandfalloverturns,andalgalbloomsinthesummerseason.During1967,turbidityvaluesforLakeOntariorangedfrom0.2to2.5NTU;increasesfollowedphytoplanktonblooms'".From1965to1975,theoverallmeantur-bidityvaluebasedonseveralstudiesineasternLakeOn-tariowas0.87NTU'~~'.TheNineMilePointdatain-dicateahigheryearlymeanandmaximumvalue.forturbiditythanthedatareportedfromotherstudies;TotalDissolvedSolidsTotaldissolvedsolids(TDS)ortotalfilterableresidueisameasurement,ofthematerialthatpassesthroughaglassfiberfilterandremainsafterevaporationanddryingat103Cto105C(217Fto221F)'Dissolvedsolidsinnaturalfreshwaterlakesincludeanionssuchascarbonate,sulfate,andchlorideandmetalliccationssuchascalcium,sodium,potassium,magnesium,andiron.Certainelementalsubsetsofdissolvedsolidsserveasnutrientsinaquaticbiota;theirconcentrationsaresignificantfactorsindeterminingthevarietyandabundanceoflifeintheecosystem.LakewidedataindicateTDSlevelshaveremainedstablesince1971.AllmeanTDSconcentrationsfor1973through1978havebeeninexcessofthe200mg/1standardforNewYorkStateClassA-SpecialWaters.Valuesnearorabove200mg/1couldbeexpected;BeetonreportedthatTDSlevelshaveincreasedabout50mg/1overthepast50yr'rom1906to1907,SweeneyreportedtheaverageTDSlevelwas134mg/1;however,bytheearly1960s,TDSlevelshadincreasedto180mg/1,andAllenreportedameanof196mg/1fora1966to1967study',.'.For1980,thelakeasawholewasinexcessofthe200mg/1standardforTDS.LakeOntario'sdownstreampositionintheGreatLakeschainis2.3-14 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSthoughttoexplainitsrelativelyelevatedTDSlevels.Arecent.IJCpublicationstated,"ItmustbestressedthatLakeOntariowaterswillcontinuetoexceedtheTDSobjec-tivesuntiltheTDSconcentrationinLakeErieisloweredoruntiltheobjectiveischanged."'DSconcentrationsmeasuredintheNineMilePointstudiesexhibitedseasonalfluctuations,withspringpeaks,andfailedtoindicateanyimpactduetopowerplants'is-chargesonregionalTDSvalues.Spatialdistributionsin-dicatethattheOswegoRiverdischargeplumeelevatesTDSvaluesinthewestern(NMPWtransect,seeSection6.6.2)regionoftheNineMilePointstudyarea.TotalSusendedSolidsTotalsuspendedsolids(TSS)ortotalnonfilterableresidueisthematerialretainedonaglassfiberfilterafterfil-trationofawatersample'".TSSinnaturalwatersnor-mallyconsistoforganicmatterandplankton'.Highlevelsofsuspendedsolidsmayreducetheaestheticap-pearanceofwaterandinterferewithphotosynthesis'hiletheminimumandmaximumvaluesofTSShaveshownade-creaseoverthelastyearofthesamplingperiod,notrendsareevidentfromthe1973to1978meanyearlyTSSdatapresentedinTable2.3-13.CationsandAnionsCationsincludecalcium,magnesium,potassium,andsodium;they,compriseafractionofthedissolvedsolids.Cationsareindicativeofgeneralwaterquality.Annualandseason-to-seasontrendsforselectedcationsarepresentedinTables2.3-13and2.3-14.Nosignificantchangewithtimeforcationsinthestudyareaareevident,withtheexcep-tionofunusuallyhighconcentrationsofsodiumandpotas-siumin1974.Anionsmonitoredduringthestudyincludedtotalalkalinity,chlorides,fluorides,andsulfates.Alkalinityisameasureofthebufferingcapacityofawatersystem.BufferingcapacityisimportantforprotectionoffishandotheraquaticlifeagainstpHchangesthatmayoccur.Componentsofalkalinity,suchascarbonateandbicarbonate,canreducethetoxicityofheavymetalsbyformingcomplexes.Noim-portantlong-termorseasonaltrendswereobservedforanionsinthestudyarea(Table2'-13).

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAaticNutrientsAquaticnutrientsaresubstancesthatarenecessaryforaquaticlifeforms.Theiravailabilitywilldeterminethebiologicalactivityinthewaterbody.Requiredaquaticnutrientsincludenitrogen,phosphorus,andsilicacompounds.However,concentrationsofthesenutrientsinexcessofrequirementscanpromotedegradationofwaterquality.Speciesofnitrogenmeasuredduringthesestudiesincludedammonia,nitrate,andorganicnitrogen.Phosphorusspeciesincludedtotalorthophosphateandtotalphosphorus'herelativeconcentrationsofnitrogen,phosphorus,andsilicacompoundsprovideimportantdataforassessingtheavailabilityofthesenutrientsforprimaryproduction'heNewYorkStateClassA-SpecialWatersstandardforam-moniais2.0mg/l.Allvaluesreportedin1973through1978forthestudyareaarewellbelowthisstandard.Long-termtrendsindicateadecreaseinmeanyearlyammoniafrom1973through1978,paralleledbyadecreaseinhighervaluesofNH>N,asreflectedinyearlymaximumvaluesreportedinTable2'-13.Seasonally,nitrateconcentrationswereattheirlowestlevelsduringthesummermonths,whichmaybeattributedtouptakebyplankton,andnoseason-to-seasontrendswereapparentfornitrateoverthe6-yrsamplingpro-gram(Table2.3-14).NitrateconcentrationsinLakeOntarioappeartobeslightlylowerinrecent.yearsthaninthe1960s;however,thelong-termtrendindicatesagradualincrease.Ameanof0.3mg/l-Nwasreportedforlakewidenitratevaluesin1965'".ValuesreportedforMexicoBayin196Srangedfrom0.1to0.47mg/l-N,withameanof0.28mg/1-N'otalorganicnitrogenvalueswerereportedin1973,1976,1977,and1978.DataindicateanapparentdecreaseintotalorganicnitrogeninNineMilePointwatersduringthisperiod.Totalnitrogenconcentration(Table2.3-13),thesumofammonia,nitrate,andtotalorganicnitrogenspecies,-remainedrelativelyconstantoverthe6-yrsamplingprogram.Ingeneral,itappearsthattotalnitrogenconcentrationsinthestudyareahaveremainedatanearlyconstantlevelthroughoutthesamplingprogram.PhoshorusAquaticorganismsutilizesolubleorthophosphateinmetabolicprocesses.Muchofthephosphorusinalakeisboundtosedimentsasinsoluble(occluded)phosphate.Solubilityofphosphatesaltsisinfluencedbybothphys-icochemicalfactorsandbacterialmetabolism'.Verylowconcentrationsofphosphorusmaybealimitingfactortothe2.3-16 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSgrowthoforganisms'.Whenphosphorusis,presentinrelativelylarger-concentrations,bloomsofalgaeareencouraged.Aconcentrationof0.01mg/1ofinorganicphosphatehasbeenproposedasthemaximumvaluepermissiblewithoutsupportingundesirablegrowths,and0.025mg/1totalphosphorusasthemaximumallowableconcentration'ake,Ontariowatercolumnphosphorusconcentrationshavebeendecreasinginastepwisemannerfor10yr.From1972to1974,1975to1977,and1978to1980,phosphorusconcen-trationsdidnotchangesignificantly.Historically,theseplateauswerefollowedbydefinitedecreasesinphosphorusconcentrations.Table2.3-13presentsa6-yrrecordoftotalorthophosphateandtotalphosphorusconcentrationsinNineMilePointregionalwaters.Nolong-termtrendsareevidentinthesedata.Orthophosphateexhibitedminimumvaluesduringthesummerandfallmonths,aswouldbeex-pectedduetophytoplanktonicnutrientutilization(Table2.3-14).Totalphosphorusmeasurementsvariedir-regularlythroughoutthesamplingperiod,butwereneartotheabove-mentionedrecommendedlimit.Meanambientort-hophosphateconcentrationsduringthelast2yrofthemonitoringprogramwereconsistentlybelowtherecommendedlimits.IndicatorsofContaminationIndicatorsofcontaminationincludethoseconstitue.~tsthatareindicatorsoftheeffectsofhumanactivityonthelake.Thesecontaminantsareintroducedprimarilythroughindustry,municipalities,agriculture,andindividuals.Theindicatorsofcontaminationinclude:bacteria,biochemicalandchemicaloxyge'ndemand,organiccarbon,cyanide,andphenols'acterialIndicatorsofPollutionColiformbacteriahavebeenusedasindicatorsforsanitarywaterqualitysince1880,whenitwasdemonstratedthatE.coliwerepartoffecaldischarges.TotalcoliformbacteriaarelistedintheNationalInterimPrimaryDrinkingWaterRegulationsasthestandardsforbacterialqualityofdrinkingwaters'ecalcoliformbacteriaoriginateinwarm-bloodedanimals.Geldreichstatedthatfecalcoliformsrepresentover96percentofthecoliformbacteriaderivedfromhumanfeces,andfecesfromotherwarm-bloodedanimalscontain93to98percentfecalcoliforms.TheNewYorkStatestandardforcoliformsislessthan1,000/100mltotalcoliformsandlessthan200/100mlfecalcoliform'tisevidentfromdatapresentedinTable2.3-13thattheLake2.3-17 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSOntariostudyareaiswellwithinthecoliformbacteriastandardsonanannualaveragebasis.OtherOranicPollutantLoadIndicatorsBiochemicaloxygendemand(BOD),chemicaloxygendemand(COD),andtotalor-ganiccarbon(TOC)arethreeconstituentsusedtoindicatetheorganicpollutionload.BODisameasureofbiodegrada-bleorganicmaterial;CODmeasuresbothbiodegradableandnonbiodegradablematerial.Bothareexpressedinoxygenequivalents.TOCmeasuresallorganicmaterial.TheBOD(i.e.,5-dayBOD)concentrationsremainedextremelylowthroughoutthe1973through1978studyperiod.The6-yrmeanconcentrationof1.9mg/liscomparablewiththelakewidemeanoflessthan2mg/1reportedbyAllen.Chemicaloxygendemandconcentrationsweresimilarlylow;themaximumyearlymeanwas13mg/l,whichislessthanthe17mg/1meanconcentrationreportedforeasternLakeOntariofrom1965through1972'~'.Totalorganiccarbonconcen-trationswerealsoverylow,indicativeoflittleorganicpollutionofLakeOntariowaterwithinthestudyarea.~CanideCyanideconcentrationswereusuallybelowdetectionlimitsthroughoutthewaterqualitymonitoringperiodof1973through1978.Themaximumreportedvalueof7ug/1iswellwithinthe100ug/lstatestandard.PhenolsPhenolconcentrationswerepresentintracequantities,usuallyatorbelowthedetectionlimit,from1967through1978.ThedataindicatenosignificantphenolfluxtotheNineMilePointregionalwaters.TraceConstituentsTraceconstituentsmeasuredduringthestudiesaresum-marizedinTable2.3-13.TheNewYorkStatestandardsforClassA-SpecialWatersarelistedwiththeappropriatewaterqualityparametersinTable2.3-15.Selectedcon-stituentsarediscussedbelow.CadmiumCadmiumconcentrationswereobservedtobeatorbelowthelaboratorydetectionlimitsduringthelast5yrofthesamplingprogram(Table2.3-13).The1973datain-dicatedthemaximumvalueof67ug/1,wellwithinthe300ug/lstandard.~CoperWiththeexceptionof1974,allyearlymeanconcen-trationswerelessthanthe200ug/lstandard.For1974,samplecontaminationwasreportedtohaveoccurredduringanalysis.Maximumvaluesreportedfrom1975through1978werewellbelowthe200ug/1copperlimit.2.3-18 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSIronAllmeanannualironconcentrationsinthestudyareaarelessthanthestandardof300ug/l.Maximumironconcentrationsreportedfrom1973through1977exceededthestandard.Neartheendofthemonitoringprogram,atrendtowarddecreasingironconcentrationscanbenoted,withthe1978maximumof220ug/l.ZincSamplecontaminationhaspreviouslybeennotedforthe1974data.Excluding1974data,zincconcentrationsranged,onanaverageyearlybasis,fromlessthan14ug/lto50.6ug/l.Nolong-termtrendswereevidentinthedata.Maximumzincconcentrationsin1973and1978exceededthestatestandardof300ug/l.2.3.3.6WastewaterDischargesThemajorwasteconstituentreleasedtoLakeOntarioasaresultofsiteandvicinitywaterusageisheat.Unit1andtheJAPplantuseLakeOntariowaterforcooling.Heatedcoolingwaterdischargesarerapidlyassimilatedandcooledtoambientwatertemperaturesoutsidedefinedmixingzones(Section2.3.1.1.1).Wastedischargesfromtheprecedingfacilitiesplusef-fluentsfromtheUnit2sitecontributeminoramountsofTDStotheLakeOntarioNineMilePointregionalwaters.2.3-19 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIS2.3.4ReferencesSweers,H.E.Structure,DynamicsandChemistryofLakeOntario:InvestigationsBasedonMonitorCruisesin1966and1967.Mar.Sci.Branch,Dept.ofEnergy,MinesandResources,Ottawa,Canada.Manuscript,Rept.,Series10,1969.2.PowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork.JamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant316(a)DemonstrationSubmission.PreparedforUnitedStatesAtomicEnergyComm(.ssion,1971.3.Csanady,G.T.The.CoastalBoundaryLayerinOntario.ChapterII.TheSummer-FallRegime.Physical.Oceanogr.,1972,Vol.2,p.168-176.LakeJ.Sutton,R.G.;Lewis,T.L.;andWoodrow,D.L.NearShoreSedimentsinSouthernLakeOntario,TheirDispersalPat-ternsandEconomicPotential.Proc.13thConf.GreatLakesRes.,1970,p.308-318.'.Gunwaldsen,R.W.;Brodfeld,B.;andHecker,G.E.Cur-rentandTemperatureSurveysinLakeOntarioforJamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant.Proc.13thConf.GreatLakesRes.,1970,p.914-926.6.Quirk,Lawler6MatuskyEngineers.'973'NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1974.*7.Lawler,MatuskyEcSkellyEngineers.1974NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1975.8~Lawler,MatuskyEcSkellyEngineers.1975NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1976.9.Lawler,Matusky6cSkellyEngineers.1976NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.2vols.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1977.TexasInstruments,Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1977AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1978.2.3-20 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTexasInstruments,Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1978AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1979.12.Storr,J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalStudy,NineMilePoint,July22,1970.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,January16,1971.13.14.Storr,J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalStudies,1971.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,February15,1972.Storr,J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalSurveys.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,August28,1973.15.Storr,J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalSurveys,NineMilePoint,1973.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,May15,1974.16.Storr,.J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalSurveys,NineMilePoint,1974.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,May28,1975.17.Storr,J.F.Three-DimensionalThermalMilePoint,1975'reparedforNiagaraCorporation,1976.Surveys,NineMohawkPower18.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Interagency316(a)TechnicalGuidanceManualandGuideforThermalEffects-Sections,ofNuclearFacilitiesEnvironmentalImpactStatements.U.S.EPAOfficeofWaterEnforcement,PermitsDivision,Washington,DC,1977.19.StoneEcWebsterEngineeringCorporation.FinalReport-Post-Operational,HydrothermalSurveys,June1976November1977forJamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant,PowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1978.20.NewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth.SelectedPublicWaterSupplyInventory.Albany,NY,July22,1981.21.OntarioMinistryoftheEnvironment..DataonPublicandPrivateWaterSupplySystemsDrawingFromLakeOntario.Kingston,Ontario,July24andAugust20,1981.2.3-21 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS22.PersonalcommunicationbetweenC.Gaye,MetropolitanWaterBoardofOnondagaCounty,Syracuse,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August11,1981;February2,1982;andJune1,1982.23.PersonalcommunicationbetweenR.DeSeyn,RochesterGasEcElectricCompany,Rochester,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneEc'ebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,June7,1982.24.PersonalcommunicationbetweenMrs.Frantz,OntarioTownWaterDistrict,Ontario,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA;August11,1981.25.PersonalcommunicationbetweenR.Walvoord,WilliamsonWaterDistrict,Williamson,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,Augustll,1981.26.PersonalcommunicationbetweenD.'hite,SodusVillage,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August11,1981.27.PersonalcommunicationbetweenB.DeVinney,WolcottVillage,NY,andC.S.Ellis,Stone6cWebsterEn-gineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August12,1981.28.PersonalcommunicationbetweenMr.Wilkinson,CityofOswegoWaterSupply,Oswego,NY,andC.S.Ellis,Stone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August11,1981.29.PersonalcommunicationbetweenD.Rengert,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,Oswego,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,June2,,1982.30.PersonalcommunicationbetweenV.Constance,CapeVincentVillage,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneEcWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August,10,1981.31~PersonalcommunicationbetweenR.Duford,ChaumontVillage,NY,andC.S.Ellis,Stone,ScWebsterEn-gineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August10,1981.32.PersonalcommunicationbetweenB.Goodrich,SacketsHar-borVillage,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneEcWebsterEn-gineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August11,1981.2~322 NineMilePointUnit2.ER-OLS33.ilPersonalcommunicationbetweenW.Huff,SodusPointVillage,NY,andC.S.Ellis,Stone6WebsterEn-gineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August11,1981.34.NationalMarineFisheriesService.FisheryStatisticsoftheUnitedStates1976.U.S.DepartmentofCommerce.Washington,DC,October1980.35.NationalMarineFisheriesService.-GeneralCanvassCatchbyYear,State,andSpecies1977-1980.U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,Washington,DC.36.OntarioMinistryofNaturalResources,CommercialFish-eriesBranch.Napanee,Ontario.,StatisticalData,September21,1981.37.OntarioMinistryofNaturalResources.BackgroundInformation:NapaneeDistrictLandUseStrategy.Napanee,Ontario,1980.38.GovernmentofCanada,FisheriesandOceans,EconomicPolicyBranch.Datafrom1980SurveyofSportfishingOntario.October14,1981.39.NewYorkStateElectricandGasCorporation.NewHavenNuclearStation,ER-CPS.DocketNo.STN50-596andSTN50-597,March1979.40.InternationalLakeErieWaterPollutionBoardandInter-nationalLakeOntario-St.LawrenceRiverWaterPol-lutionBoard.ReporttotheInternationalJointCommis-siononthePollutionofLakeErie,LakeOntarioandtheInternationalSectionoftheSt.IawrenceRiver,Vol.3,1969,p329.[citedinReference39]41.Allen,E.R.LakeOntarioAtlas:Chemistry.NewYorkStateSeaGrantInstitute,StateUniversityofNewYork,Albany,NY,1977,p101.[citedinReference39]42.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,STORET.DataSum-maryforEasternLakeOntario.EPAOfficeofWaterandHazardousMaterialsMonitoringandDataSupportDivision,Washington,DC,1978.[citedinReference39]43.RochesterGasandElectricCompany.SterlingSite.Project,EnvironmentalReport,Vol.V,Section80.2,Rochester,NY,1973.[citedinReference39]2.3-23 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTexasInstruments,Inc.1979NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,Dallas,TX,1980.45.TexasInstruments,Inc.1980NineMilePointAquatic'cologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,Dallas,TX,1981.46.NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation.ConservationLawTitle6,Part702.1,ClassA-SpecialWaters,Standards.47.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.QualityCriteriaforWater,1976,p501.48.A.P.M.A.,A.W.W.A.,andW.P.C.F.StandardMethodsfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewater,14thEdition,AmericanPublicHealthAssociation,Washington,DC,1975,-p1193.49.Casey,D.J.;Fisher,W.;andKleveno,C.O.LakeOn-tarioEnvironmentalSummary1965.EPA,RegionII,RochesterFieldOffice,Rochester,NY,1973'0.GreatLakesWaterQualityBoard.1981ReportonGreatLakesWaterQuality,Appendix,GreatLakesSurveillance,ReporttotheIJC,November1981.51.Beeton,A.M.IndicesofGreatLakesEutrophication.GreatLakesResearchPublicationNo.15,GreatIakesResearchDivision,UniversityofMichigan,1966,p1-8.52.Sweeney,,R.A.ProceedingsoftheConferenceonChangesintheChemistryofLakesErieandOntario.BulletinofBuffaloSocietyofNaturalSciences,Vol.25,No.2,1971.[citedinReference39]53.McKee,J.E.andWolf,H.W.WaterQualityCriteria,SecondEdition,CaliforniaStateWaterResourcesControlBoard,PublicationNo.3-A,1971,p548'citedinReference39]54.Pasansky,D.F.WinterCirculationinZakeOntario.In:Proceedingsofthe14thConferenceofGreatIakesResearch,InternationalAssociationofGreatLakesResearch,Windsor,Ontario,1971,p593-606.[citedinReference39]2.3-24 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS55.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.TheAcmaticEnvironment;MicrobialTransformationsandWaterManagementImplications.SymposiumsponsoredbyEPAOf-ficeofWaterProgramsOperation,EPA430/6-73-008,1972,p244.[citedinReference39]56.Wetzel,R.G.Limnology.W.B.SaundersCo.,Philadelphia,PA,1975,p743.57.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.NationalInterimPrimaryDrinkingWaterRegulations,40CFR141,1975.58.Geldrich,E.E.FecalColiformandFecalStreptococcusDensityRelationshipsinWasteDischargeandReceivingWaters.CRCCriticalReviewofEnvironmentalControl,October1976.[citedinReference39]59.PersonalcommunicationbetweenJ.Simplaar,Mexico,NY,andC.S.Ellis,StoneE<WebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,June10,1981.60.PersonalcommunicationbetweenL.Hurlbutt,Mexico,NY,andC.S.Ellis,Stone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,June9,1981.61.PersonalcommunicationbetweenD.Ouellette,Sterling,NY,andC.S.Ellis,Stone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,June15,1981.62.NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,BureauofFisheries.1976-1977NewYorkAnglerSurveyFinalReport.Raybrook,NY,May1981.63.OswegoCountyPlanningBoard.OswegoCountyData,1977.2.3-25

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE23-1SURFACEAREAANDVOLUMEOFWATERENCLOSEDWITHIN2oC(36oF)ABOVEAMBIENTISOTHERMSTHREE-DIMENSIONALTHERMALSURVEYS-NINEMILEPOINTVICINITYSurveyraceSurfaceArea~acres~aaVolume<~>MeanDeth<a0WindSed~mh~km/hgWindDirection1975June2June26July8August211974August8'SePtember5October1529411963252369612450370150722952211~3891848933141i22923554lr713322641~101238771,516.0290.16664.7329237,82.543333271041440891150771011000.3220-101015188-1258-1032-1616242913-19813-16WENEWNWSW/NWE/SENW1973June27August3SePtember5October121972July21August2August16August31October201971June29July13July23July30August16August25November3November16761432201781091251175313873433651618410646268315889724451472156301814865344319.10811639434148716836930190195103847442201983251411,00514334861420.0600.820704546371811062408127410309181271.12442400.7174.41,24001.572761.552741542942.571.701.421.421922~041362.363.053053760480840470840470900780.520430.430590620410-7209309311515-2010-1210-153-5205-105-891015-2010-156-80-55-100-105-155-1024-3216-1916-245-8328-168-13141624-3216-2410-130-88-160-168-248-16SNWSSWS/SE8/SESWNWW/SWS/SWS/SWENS/SWNWNW1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-1(Cont)SurveyDateSurfaceArea~acres~haVolume<i)MeanDeth(<>~mWindSed~mh~km/aWindDirection1970July22August14August16September23October211365531112681331837434143157771323399538829580162.7418111732312501631852820-70076050056086NANANANANANANANANANA<>>Obtainedfromsurfaceareaxmeandepth.<<>Estimatedfromdepthtemperatureprofiles.SOURCES:References12through182of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE23-2SUMMARYOFHYDROTHERMALFIELDSURVEYDATAJAMESAFITZPATRICKNUCLEARPOWERPLANT-1976-1977SurveyDateJune4,1976June13,1976Time0657-08180638-08011032-11521446-1623PlantLoadMWe779782782780m/s025cti008Direction<0~05ct~<0.05<<i0-08<<i<002<002002WWSWLakeCurrentVelocitoF23081623oc13040.912MaximumObserved6TatSurfaceoF533517485473og11.81099285AmbientTemeratureAugust19'976August20'9760806-09491229-13581603-17430818-09491231-13441610-17227887937917937927910.46ct>P33Ct>0.26<<>0.17<<>024ct>Q25Ctt0.140100080050.07008WSWWSWSWWW26NDNDNDNDND14NDNDNDNDND689NDNDNDNDND205NDNDNDNDNDOctober7,1976October8,1976April13,1977April14,1977June14,19770828-10041502-16151642-17590942-11041445-16160800-09231309-14280950-1130November3,19770853-1030726726725724727729728702822Q~40ctk<0.10ct>013<0030,50cti015P.12czip42catP30cz>034C<>0040130090.10015<<>005025cRi008ESEESEESEESE42433.5465.96066204024232.0253.33.336102.061160.960.035.236.335.436353.551.816016015.61.82.4192.4119110<<>Lakecurrentat3mdepth.<<iLakecurrentat.4.5mdepth.KEY:ND=AmbienttemperaturenotdeterminedduetoinfluenceofUnit1.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-3PUBLICANDPRIVATEWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMSINTHEUNITEDSTATESDRAWINGFROMLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80KH(50Hl)OFUNIT2HapNo.+NameofSystemIntakeCountDistance(km/mi)andDirectionfromUnit2RochesterGas78/49WSW8cElectric-RobertE.GinnaNuclearPowerPlant(WayneCounty)Distance(km/mi)byWaterfromUnit278/49AverageWrthdrawaIRae10-81~oumde~md2,180,160576.00Population~TeorUseServedIndustriaIcoolingProductionCaaci~oumde~mdCommeoos2,180d160576.002OntarioTown74/46WSWWaterDistrict(WayneCounty)74/4611,3553.00Domestic,industrial5,00011,3553.00Expandedsystemstartupsummer19813WiIIiamsonWater66/41WSWDistrict(WayneCounty)66/416,8131.80Domestic,industriaI4,70014,7623.90Apr-Jun(avg)4,921cum/day(1.3mgd);Sep-Deccanreach9,463cum/day(2.5mgd)4SodusVillage58/36WSW58/36(WayneCounty)9840.26Domestic,industrieI1,8003,7851.00Jan-Junlowsof265to492cum/day(0.07to0.13mgd);Aug-Nov1highsof3,747cum/day(0.99mgd)5SodusPoint(WayneCounty)53/33SWS53/337570.20Domestic4,5002d8390.75Wintermin.454cum/day(0.12mgd);peakindrysummerweather1,703cum/day(0.45mgd)1of4

,I NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-3(Cont)HapNo.+NameofSystemIntakeCountDistance(km/mi)andDirectionfromUnit2Distance(km/mi)byWaterfromUnit2AverageWithdrawaIRael-1~eumdemeedProductionPopulationCaaci~TBefUeeServed~cumdemrLUComments6WolcottViIlage41/25WSW(WayneCounty)41/259080.24Domestic,industrial2,5003,7851.00Avg.winterusage(Jan-Har)approx.681cum/day(0.18mgd);avg.peakusageJun-Nov1,363cum/day(0.36mgd)7NHPCOswegoSteamStation-Unit5(OswegoCounty)15/10WSW15/101,558,814411.84Industrialcooling1,558,814411.848NHPC15/10WSW15/10OswegoSteamStation-Units1-4(OswegoCounty)452,383119.52'ndustrialcooling452,383119.529NHPCOswegoSteamStation-Unit6OswegoCounty)15/10WSW15/101,771,380468.00Industrialcooling1,771,380468.0010CityofOswego17/11WSW17/11(OswegoCounty)37,85010.00Domestic,32,000industriaI60s56016.00Winter,30,280cum/day(8mgd);summer,37,850cum/day(10mgd)2of4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-3(Cont)MapNameofSystemDistance(km/mi)andDirectionfromUnit2Distance(km/mi)byWaterfromUnit2AverageWithdrawaIRate180-1~oumda~md~TeofusePopulationServedProductionCaacitoum/udar~md~oommeos11HetropolitanWaterBoardofOnondagaCounty,Syra-cuse,NY(OswegoCounty)13/8WSW13/890,84024.00Domestic,industrial120,000136,26036.00Winter75,700cum/day(20.0mgd);summer,98,410-105,980cum/day(26.0-28.0mgd);toOnondagaCountyWaterAuthority;remaindertocityofSyracuse12NHPC,Scriba,NY,Unit1(OswegoCounty)750(Unit2dischargetoUnit1intake)1,444,356381.60Industrialcooling1,444,356381.6013PowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,Scriba,NY(OswegoCounty)3,500ft2,158,358570.24Industrial(Unit2coolingdischargetoFitzPatrickintake)2,158d358570.2414SacketsHarbor49/31NNEVillage(JeffersonCounty)51/325680.15Domestic1,2001,8930.50WithdrawaIsfluctuateinsummerfrom492cum/day(0.13mgd)inJunto681cum/day(0.18mgd)inAugandSep3of4

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-3(Cont)HapNo.+NameofSystemIntakeCountDistance(km/mi)andDirectionfromUnit2Distance(km/mi)byWater~fromUni2AverageWithdrawaIRate10-81~oUU~rodermttdProductionPopulationCaaci~TeofUeeServed~cumde~mdComments15ChaumontVillage(JeffersonCounty)60/37NNE61/382650.07Domestic550.9080.24Winter(Dec-Mar)usageisapprox.189cum/day(0.05mgd);summerusage(Jun-Sep)avg.341cum/day(0.09mgd)16CapeVincent65/41NVillage(JeffersonCounty)65/417570.20Domestic7509080.24WithdrawaIsfIuctuatebetweenJunandSepfrom473to1,136cum/day(0.125to0.3mgd)+LocationscorrespondingtomapnumbersareshownonFigure2.3-4.SOURCES:References20,22,24,25,and284of4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-4CANADIANWATERSUPPLIERSANDINDUSTRIALUSERSDRAWINGFROMLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80KM(50Ml)OFUNIT2MapNo.+NameofSystemIntakeLocaionApproximateDistance(km/mi)andDirectionfromUni2ApproximateDistance(km/mi)byWaterfromUnit2PermittedPermittedWithdrawaIWithdrawaIRateAmount~m~cumda~md~TeoaUae17R.J.Sweezey(TownshipofPittsburgh,FrontenacCounty)75/47N79/491201140.03Domestic18PublicUtilitiesCommissionoftheCityofKingston(FrontenacCounty)75/47N75/4718d35881,83221.62Domestic19202122TownshipofKingston(FrontenacCounty)DuPontofCanada(KingstonTownship,FrontenacCounty)TownshipofErnestown(LennoxandAddingtonCounty)CanadaCementLaFargeLtd.(ErnestownTownship,LennoxandAddingtonCounty)74/46N74/46N75/47NNW75/47NNW74/4674/4677/4877/4810,00815,0061202,25227,29081,49171912d2637.21Domestic21.53IndustriaI,airconditioning,andcooling0.19Domestic3.24IndustriaI,cooling,processing,andsanitarypurposes23MiIlhavenFibresLtd.(ErnestownTownship,LennoxandAddingtonCounty)75/47NNW77/4820,021109,08428.82IndustriaI24PermanentConcreteLtd.(ErnestownTownship,LennoxandAddingtonCounty)75/47NNW77/48601510.04IndustriaI25SandhurstWaterWorksLtd.(SouthFredericksburghTownship,LennoxandAddingtonCounty)75/47NNW77/481202650.07Domestic26PictonPublicUtilities(PrinceEdwardCounty)77/48NW97/61NA10,9012.88Domestic+MapnumbersrefertoFigure2.3-5.SOURCE:Reference211of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISTABLE23-5UNITEDSTATESIRRIGATIONINTAKESONLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80KM(50MI)OFUNIT2FarmerLocationofIntakeCountDistanceinkm(mi)byWaterfromDischareAreainAveraeWaterUse~haacres~cm/har~c/acrer/hala/acreTotalWaterUse/FrequencyofA~~lication=-J.SimplaarMexico,NYOnLakeOntario,betweenDemsterBeachRoadandHickoryGroveRoad(OswegoCounty)8.2(51)243(60)76(3)762,000(81,463)18,510(489)Onceperyear,1yearin4L.Hurlbutt<<iMexico,NYSouthsideofButterflySwamp(OswegoCounty)99(62)81(20)76(3)762i000(81i463)6,170(163)Onceperyear,dryweatheronlyD.Ouellette<>>EastBranchofSterling,NYSterlingCreek(CayugaCounty)386(241)283(70)51(2)508,000(54i308)14+380(380)Onceperyear,1yearin5NOTE:Irrigatedcropateachlocation,applesSOURCES:Reference59<>>Reference60~>>Reference611of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OL'STABLE2.3-6CANADIANIRRIGATIONINTAKESONLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80KM(50Ml)OFUNIT2NamePictonGolfandCountryClubG.VaderK.PerryR.K.HicksWindyAcresFarmsB.McArthur(WestLakeFarmsLtd.)C.FosterG.BosmaPointPleasantFarms,Ltd.WaupoosCanningCo.,Ltd.J.CarterR.ILK.CarsonE.VowinckelR.R.DodokinW.HicksC.A.McCormackCataraquiGolfandCountryClub~LocaionHallowellTownshipAtholTownshipAtholTownshipNorthMarysburghTownshipHaIlowellTownshipHaIlowellTownshipHa!lowellTownshipSouthMarysburghTownshipNorthMarysburghTownshipNorthMarysburghTownshipNorthMarysburghTownshipNorthMarysburghTownshipSouthMarysburghTownshipSouthMarysburghTownshipSouthMarysburghTownshipSouthMarysburghTownshipKingstonRateNottoBeExceeded~lmgym4541202,044540ld2493301,4233761,6354329082401,7034505681501,7004501,7034502,5026611,7034502,2756014541209082408402221,590420AmountNottoBeExceeded~cumdam~d1890.051,1360.301,1730.312,0440.541,3630.369840.26ld4380.385300.142,4600.652,0440.542d2330.591,4380.383,2550.866810.182270.067570.202,2710.60SOURCE:Reference211of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE23-7TOTALCOMMERCIALFISHBYSPECIESINKILOGRAMS(ANDPOUNDS)HARVESTEDFROMLAKEONTARIO(USANDCANADIANHATERS)~seciceUS1976canada<<US.3P1977canada<<1978canadaU8CellUS1979Canada~+~ee<e~1980Canada<>.BowfinBullhead8CatfishBurbotCarpCommonEelCrappieFreshwaterDrumLakeHerringLakeWhitefishNorthernPikeRockBassSmeltSturgeonSuckers9,707(21,404)2,268(5,001)16,103(35,507)1r406(3r100)136(300)3r266(7'02)Sr579(12,302)1,860(4r101)158r000(348,390)193,000(425<565)154,000(339,570)7r000(15,435)41r000(90~405)21r455(47,308)862(1,901)lr179(2r600)5,489(12,103)5,988(13,204)1,043(2~300)183~000(403,515)107r000(235,935)186r000(410,130)5,000(11,025)23,000(50,715)17,237(38,008)363(800)19,142(42,208)544(1r200)4,672(10,302)20,185(44,508)1,905(4,201)1of2164,000(361,620)9r000(19,845)229,000(504,945)6r000(13,230)27,000(59,535)13612,292(27,104)18,144(40,008)590(1t301)136(300)1,633(3,601)4r717(10,401)590(1,301)984(2,170)144r858(319~412)55(121)3,791(8r359)211r041(487,395)6,081(13,409)28(62)13,494(29,754)1,268(2,796)18,890(41,652)10,264(22,632)24,942(54r997)12(26)7,606(16,771)15,332(33,807)454(1,001)29,847(65r813)726(1r601)227(501)2,676(5,901}227(501)54(119)100,071(220,657)161~963(357,128}7r882(17380)4,510(9,945)4,133(9r113)19,916(43,915)6r176(13,618)22,402(49r396)61(135)3~719(8,200)

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE23-7(Cont)19761977197819791980~seciceSunfishesWalleyeWhiteBassWhitePerchYellowPerchOthersUS3~084(6,800)136(300)91(201)20,503(45,209)238814(52,510)canadac<~102,000(224,910)3288000(7238240)2588000(568,890)71,000~156555USC3>4,128(9,102)318(701)91(201)31,026(688412)22,181(48,909)Canada~77,000(169,785)191,000(421,155)263,000(5798915)728000~15876028812(6,200)18905(4t201)9,888(21,803)6r260(13m803)67,000(147,735)226,000(498,330)318,000(701,190)668000~745530US2r313(5,100)91(201)45(99)7,439(16,403)10r161(228405)Canada+i62,024(1368763)238917(52,737)1,331(2,935)46,520(102'77)2978754(656,548)7~0451553408CS~272(600)45(99)16,602(36,607)6,487(148304)Canada68,867(151r852)51,767(114,146)3,321(7,323)55'30(122,003)267'89(589r372)1,341Total87~9531,312,0009387601,107800084,9131,112,00058~287881~90572,8957788802(193~936)(28892,960)(206,741)(2,4408935)(187,233)(2,451~960)(1288523)(1,944,601)(160,733)(1,717,258)SOURCES:<<~Reference34<<~Reference36<>>Reference35<~iReference372of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-8ESTIMATEDFISHHARVESTBYANGLERSINNEWYORKSTATEWATERSOFLAKEONTARIOIN1976-1977~SeciesTrout/Salmon-Laketrout,rainbowtrout,browntrout,brooktrout,othertrout,chinooksalmon,kokaneesalmon,splake,Atlanticsalmon,cohosalmonBlackBass-Smallmouthbass,largemouthbassWalleye/SaugerYellowPerchPanfish-Sunfish(includingbluegill,pumpkinseed,androckbass),crappies,whiteperch,whitebassEsocids-Northernpike,chainpickerel,muskellunge,tigermusky,otheresocidsBullheads/CatfishTotalEstimatedNumberofFish239,500718,00032,6901,710,0001,382,000131,000685,4004,898,590SOURCE:Reference621of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-9ESTIMATEDFISHHARVESTBYANGLERSINCANADIANWATERSOFLAKEONTARIOBETWEENSALMONPOINTANDKINGSTON,ONTARIO,IN1980~SeciceBass(General)Bass(Largemouth)Bass(Rock)Bass(Smallmouth)BullheadLakeWhitefishMuskellunge(Maskimonge)NorthernPikePerchPickerelSunfishTrout(General)crauhc25,300(25.3)13,784(20.6)15,713(9.4)24,730(28.5)15,891(17.8)23,116(57.5)2,210(79.2)23,676(22.7)76,154(22.3)27.313(18.9)4,043(48)5,779(55.7)NumberofFish*~Ket19,754(49.9)12,173(27.5)20,830(37.0)15,891(54.9)12,225(23.7)43,262(21.4)15,787(13.9)1,444(54.4)Eaten7,626(19.7)9,432(23.0)20,830(39.5)15,891(54.9)10,761(22.6)39,794(21.0)14,444(13.0)1,444(54')1of

~r NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-9(Cont)~SeciesSalmon(Chinook)AllSpeciesCaucaht242~0.1257,951NumberofFish*~Ket242~2.3141,638Eaten120,222*NumbersinparenthesesindicatepercentageofallLakeOntariospecies(Table2.3-10)ineachcategorywhichwerecaughtinlakeregionbetweenSalmonPointandKingston.Dashesindicatedatanotavailable.SOURCE:Reference382of2 I~

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-10ESTIMATEDTOTALFISHHARVESTBYANGLERSINCANADIANWATERSOFLAKEONTARIOIN1980~secieecaucehtNumberof~KetFishEatenBass(General)Bass(Largemouth)Bass(Rock)Bass(Smallmouth)Bass(Striped)Bass(White)BlackEelBullheadCarpCatfishChannelCatfishChubLakeWhitefishMuskellungeSuckersNorthernPikePanFishPerchPickerelSunfishShadSheepsheadSmeltCrappiesTrout(General)Trout(Brook)Trout(Brown)@Trout(Lake)Trout(Rainbow)Trout(Splake)Salmon(General)Salmon(Chinook)Salmon(Coho)MultiSpecies99,77966,867166,21686,70317,5721,74189,04338,49740,4221,2582,90631,8832,78815,741104,4756,053341,387144,90384,2364,84317,9724,694,03226410,3791,35110,11613,04232,22924224,75822,467121,36534,29139,57044,52763,18256,2456,51428828,8972,9842,9451,21172657872651,6076,053201,590113,16631,8711,0614,218,6852642,6551,3516,4835,78621,97024221,36710,22281,6106,37238,36041,01863,18252,7866,51428828,8972,7422,9451,21172657872647,5136,053189,404111,00431,8712,815,8192642,6551,3514,5455,30216,64324218,7036,10857,2136,372AllSpecies6,329,8215,030,7483,561,035SOURCE:Reference381of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-11TONNAGEONTHENEWYORKSTATEBARGECANALINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2(1963-1976)Year19631964196519661967196819691970197119721973197419751976TonnacOe307,378303,273337,875446,229423,294407,828377,699383,641262,768281,383204,503404,514233,291230,790SOURCE:Reference631of1

~'

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-12'WATERQUALITYPARAMETERSMEASUREDINTHENINEMILEPOINTSTUDYAREAGeneralWaterualit1.Alkalinity,total2.Calcium3.ChlorideColor,true5.Conductance,specific6.Fluoride7.Magnesium8.Oxygen,dissolved9.pN10.Potassium11.Residue,filterable(totaIdissolvedsolids)12.Residue,nonfilterable(totaIsuspendedsolids)13.Residue,total(totaIsolids)14.Sodium15.Sulfate16.Temperature17.TurbidityAuaticNutrients18.Ammonia19.Nitrate20.Nitrogen,totaI21.Organicnitrogen,total22.Orthophosphate,total23.Phosphorus,total24.Silica,solubleIndicatorsofContamination25.Bacteria,totaIcoliform26.Bacteria,fecalcoliform27.Biochemicaloxygendemand(5-day)28.Chemicaloxygendemand29.Cyanide,totaI30.Organiccarbon,total31.PhenolsTraceHeaIs32.Aluminum33.Arsenic34.Beryllium35.Cadmium36.Chromium37.Copper38.Iron39.Lead40.Hanganese41.Mercury42.Nickel43.Selenium44.Vanadium45.Zinc

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OISTABLE23-13HISTORICALCOMPARISONOFWATERQUALITYINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTConstituentGeneralWaterualit~Stud1973~<>>1970<<>>1975<>>19761977<5>>1978<+>>1979<>>>1980<+>>Temperature(C)Oxygen,dissolved(mg/1)pHConductance,specific(umhos/cm)Alkalinity,total'(mg/1-CaCO>)Calcium(mg/1)Chloride(mg/1)Color,trueXXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminmaxnXminmaxnXXminmaxn1484.039,42179858138210826691230279080-04900190897312075NM3752670756.5045591151.925.1321058.312.33680698.83628682200350.02885.6700107.0364781311050363201083610535361362.320.536105821383683808.73633129644036891781063603030.2111.8363320593695203612.5042063610.586133368.2798536366.62960590036954891053644132356836387258936145003612.618260541099014153837994503162003803695.789f053603227.551-93632826.153236111361323020954118-2155508.47987543653105103690.2801123601732.850.63635426.560.5361113611-7162473611.28.713.736NMNMNMNMNMNM131012273210.98314.036NMNMNMNMNM1of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-13(Cont)Constituent~Stud1973<>~1970<<~1975<>>1976<+>1977cSJ1978<+>1979<>>1980<+~GeneralWaterualit(Cont)Pluoride(mg/l)Magnesium(mg/1)Potassium(mg/1)XXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminXmaxn0.1002388003101521-9132574010.00-23680621193654040066.636-b<0-2023678671123623173.536<024+<020.63610.57817.63619133636<01><005023682609.73617082.936015NM00602436795NM6709.9336161NM1202.1036Residue,filterable(TDS)(mg/l)Xminmaxn2401355257522818046036209179297362243181366362101353243620214629536NMNMResidue,nonfilter-able(TSS)(mg/l)Xminmaxn8.60026024081633651263610626936<234<0111435<37+NM<0120236Residue,total(mg/l)Sodium(mg/l)Sulfate(mg/l)XXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminmaxn237145530.2401648.83167428.722397523619547036376972160363522533621418530136158108278363022743623510539236212993773629623413621314132636143661933628620.736.7362061462993616011928.63630524442.036NMNMNMNM2of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-13(Cont)Constituentualit~Stud(Cont)1973<<~1974<<~1975~a>1976<4>1977Csl1978<6>1979<>>1980C~>Turbidity(NTU)AuaticNutrientsAmmonia(mg/l-N)Nitrate(mg/1-NO~)Organicnitrogen,total,(mg/1)Nitrogen,total(TKN)(mg/l)Orthophosphate,total,(mg/l-P)Phosphorus,total(mg/l-P)Silica,soluble(mg/l-SiO~)XminmaxnXminmaxnXminnmaxXXminmaxnXXXminnmaxXminmaxnX"minmaxnXXmill"maxn440.05224000000262010004240030010380.50014200000920.000802400.053000.91240100.07.03138122360.2000.8360.150020.4636NM0.50010350010.00003360030010.08360.4001235318360.10105360170.0104836NM0400.190903600040000.0236002400000736<07+<0.120364.51026.0360301043602000536040012310.60.2153500120.0020.058360.02200040.066101<0-96%<0.04168362.10779360.04001013602000.3360150070.313602010.436<00060<00020.012360.0210007004736<030+<0.050563630NM1478360033+NM<0.0020.08436<018/NM0010.3336023NM00106336027NM0-030.6636<0007+NM00020022360:027NM0005010636<0204NM<0050.3736NMNMNMNMNMNM3of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISTABLE2.3-13(Cont)Constituent~Stud1973<Ii1974<<i1975(>>1976<+l1977<sl1978<+i1979'>>1980C~lIndicatorsofContaminationBiochemicaloxygendemand,5-day(mg/1)XXminXmaxn18~006-022331536214361210503616003.63617004036NMNMBacteria,totalcoliform(no./100ml)XminXmaxn63800430611801003619012136-d>137++8227722~400-03236<248+<21,80036NMNMBacteria,fecalcoliform(no./100ml)Organiccarbon,total,(mg/l)XminnmaxXXminmaxn13400550595200183890107361136234607636NM2771.016636<73+<10152443+t+I-<20>3000361106619.516<54+<255036NMNMNMNMPhenol.(mg/l)Chemicaloxygendemand(mg/l)Cyanide,totalCN(mg/1-CN)TraceConstituentsXminnmaxXminmaxnXXminnmax00300016967130652300004600010.0000.0183611026360003600020000.053692193600036<00033+<00010.0183611452236-b<002<0.0228-b<0005000536<68+<2010836-b<0005<000536-b<0005001836<53+<209636-b<0005000736NMNMNMNMAluminumAl(ug/l)XXminmaxn162,831002787,5004736<130<201,66036<190<2067036741238361122227536NMNM4of7 t%

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE23-13(Cont)Constituent~Stud1973>><>1974(R)1975<>>1976<~>19771978<+>1979<>>1980<~~TraceConstituents(Cont)LeadPb(ug/l)ManganeseMn(ug/l)MercuryHg(ug/l)NickelNi(ug/l)XminXmaxnXminmaxnminmaxnXminmaxn23-202405557.80360580002431302006670c0750c3640403210243615c0256c36-b<80<8036-b<208036-b<2632-b<505036-b<50<5036<14+<106036<17<1536-b<203036<8+<14436<11+<19236-b<02<0536<8+<25036-b<1153618+<19736-b<0-2<0536<4+<11036NMNMNMNMNMNMNMArsenicAs(ug/l)XXminmax0.400.61400036-h<28<2836-b<2<2836<34+<052136<05NM<0-20001636NMBerylliumBe(ug/l)CadmiumCd(ug/l)ChromiumCr(ug/l)XXXminmaxXXminnmaxXXminmaxn4905174406774123016073000360003640059036-b5<536-b<20<2036-h<100<10036-b<5<536-b<2<436-b<2019036-b<1<136-b<1136-b<1136-b<1<136-b<1<136-b<1236NMNMNMNMNM5of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-13(Cont)Constituent~Stud1973<<1974<@)1975<3>1976<+~19771978<@01979<v>1980(s>TraceConstituents(Cont)CopperCu(ug/l)IronEe(ug/l)SeleniumSe(ug/1)VanadiumV(ug/l)ZincZn(ug/l)XXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminXmaxnXXminXmaxn64.404107417601,920750002123.503005145.30638671,390c015,100c3628901,20036000120003695809,80036-b<305036<804<2047036-b<20<20036<17/<109136-b<10<1036<1324<2046036<241<18236-b<02<0236<14+<512036<8+<13636116361336<14p<034.136<2f<1236<19+<17736<19><11163691622036<7+<022036-b<2<236<48/<167536NMNMNMNMNMNMNMNMKEYXminmaxnNMbcdmeanvalueminimumvaluereportedmaximumvaluereportednumberofvaluesreportedusedtocalculatethemeanvalue"lessthan"tableentriesforrawdatawereinputtocalculatedmeansasequaltothedetectionlimit"greaterthan>>tableentriesforrawdatawereinputtocalculatedmeansasequaltothedetectionlimitnotmeasuredmeannotcalculatedwhen)75percentoftheentryvalueswerebelowthedetectionlimitsmeanandsampleinfluencedbycontaminationofthesampleorsamplesAprilsampletoonumeroustocount6of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-13(Cont)NOTE:Datapresentedisthemaximum,minimum,andaveragevaluesoffoursamples,oneeachfromthesurfaceandbottomofthewatercolumnatthe8-and14-m(25-and45-ft)contoursontheNMPP/FITZtransectintheNineMilePointvicinityeachmonth(Section6.6.2).ThesamplingyearwasgenerallyfromApriltoDecember.Themoreextensive1973dataistheproductofallmonthlyandbimonthlywaterqualitysurveysperformedthatyear.Certainlatteryears<datasetswithn)36reflectuseofmonthlysurfacevaluesatthe6-and12-m(20-and40-ft)contoursoftheNMPW,FITZ'ndNMPEtransects.SOURCES:<>>Reference6<<>Reference7<>>Reference8<~>Reference9<>>Reference10<<>Reference11<>>Reference44c~>Reference457of7 1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE23-14MONTHLYVARIATIONINSELECTEDRATERQUALITYPARAMETERSCOLLECTEDINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOIN'Zi1978ParameterUnit~ArilITune~Aacmt~seemberoctoberNovember-DecemberDissolvedmg/l-GOoxygenMeanRangeSD+No05180618149151142-155142-1671318.8120-14-683-9-71.00518188674-9.006189385-1111.0189188-9.70.318107136102-11313.3-14004021818Nitratemg/l-NMeanRangeSDNo004160.05160.0316031026018028-0380.20-0350.15-027003<001-00600216<004<004000160.04160.0216002160.02160130.140.180.29005-0.170.12-019016-0.220.27-033Totalmg/l-PphosphorusOrtho-mg/l-PphosphorusMeanRangeSDNoMeanRangeSDNo0-0210005-00480-0092200090004-00190004160.0180008-0.0330.0082200110.006-0.0180.005160.0240.018-003300052200040.003-000600011600280017-00440007220>>004<0002-00080-0021600120004-00220005220.004<0002-001200041600130.008-00200003220003<0002-00040.0011600270016-0.0480010220002<0.002-00060.0011600120005-00220.004220004<0002-0.0060.002160.0380.008-01100030220.008<0.003-0022000716Silicamg/l-Si03MeanRangeSDNo037031-.049008160-08<005-01300316011<0.05-017005160190.09-03000816018011-03000716021013-0.27005160140.10-01700216018011-025004160290.14-03700716Calciumsulfatemg/l-Camg/1-SOgMeanRangeSDNoMeanRangeSDNo1910571033.4315277-40727.2-42.05.9105.81037041333-1-38436-4-50641.939.2-45-32110279258-309171044.737.5-538461025.0243-25.90.510409330367410.34.6388-43.8307-37.8305-50.0364-47028.6-43.02-02.27-13'6.0101010101025.827928.8311276237-28.2246-307276-29.7299-32925.8-308181.908121.710101010101of2 0

NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-14(Cont)ParameterUnit~Ari1JuneAuteomt~eeemberOctoberNovemberDecemberTotalsolidsTotalsuspendedsolidsmg/1-TSmg/1-TSSMeanRangeSDNoMeanRangeSDNo204146-248292216<01-4.01322251176-41962223108-1583522212167-25120221402-400922168136-22225224806-742322185147-211342211<01-4.01022233163-31655220.3<01-120.522202160-225142211<01-380.922226196-26617222.0<0.1-7.62.222217178-249182273<0.1-21.08022*StandarddeviationSOURCE:Reference112of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.3-15TRACECONSTITUENTSLISTEDINNEWYORKSTATESTANDARDSFORCLASSA-SPECIALWATERSTraceConstituent,CadmiumCopperIronZincCyanideStateStandard*300ug/l200ug/1300ug/1300ug/1100ug/l1.251.261.281.301.321.341.36*ValuesaretakenfromConservationLawTitle6,Part702.1,ClassA-SpecialWaters,Standards,NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation.Thevaluesareguidelines,notcriteria,basedonambientalkalinitylevels.1of1ch-12177.19-20312/28/82207

30.0SURFACE-VERTICALTEMPERATUREDIFFERENCE20.0OIIJKD10.0KLUI-0.0I(IltIIIIII(Ilgi>I>galIhlf'lgIIIli1I)liliIII/Is-10.0JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECMONTHSURFACETEMPERATURE=MEANOFALLSURFACETEMPERATURESRECORDEDWITHTHEBIOLOGICALSAMPLINGPROGRAMSPERDATEFIGURE2.3-1VERTICALTEMPERATUREDIFFERENCE=DIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMEANSURFACEANDBOTTOMTEMPERATURESTEMPERATUREATNMPE12-M(40-FT)STATION,NINEMILEPOINTVICINITY-1976NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

100800-OPu60DUIllKLU)I-40DD020BOUNDARYOFDISCHARGEZONE40030020024CPLUMESURFACEVOLUME(ACRES)100FIGURE2.3-2CUMULATIVEFREQUENCYOFPLUMESURFACEAREASWITHINTHE20CISOTHERMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

10080VXDOooo60KlooI40V20BOUNDARYOFDISCHARGEZONE150010002oCPLUMESURFACEVOLUME(ACRE-FT)500FIGURE2.3-3CUMULATIVEFREQUENCYOFPLUMEVOLUMESWITHINTHE20CISOTHERMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

/doxoRouvoLAKEONTARIOoswEoo~ROCNESTEALOCATIONMAPNMPWNMPP/FITZNMPPFITZDISCHARGEZONENMPE9mALCANALUMINUMCORP.NINEMILEPOINTUNIT1+cPNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2LEGEND:~INTAKE0DISCHARGE7DIFFUSER0.8KILOMETERSJAMESA.FITZPATRICK+~POWERPLANT4r1.6(1mi)9m(30FT)4m(13FT)OQlsOp'mNMPW:NINEMILEPOINTWESTNMPP:NINEMILEPOINTPLANTNMPP/FITZ:NINEMILEPOINTPLANT/J.A.FITZPATRICKFITZ:J.A.FITZPATRICKNMPE:NINEMILEPOINTEASTFIGLIRE234DISCHARGEZONEATNINEMILEPOINTUNIT1NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

LENNOZANDADDINGTO24FRONTENACo2250HASTINGS'4+g)WcvoI'19'B2620i~5<<<55V50WAAO5A5IIIi/gdigI+/<<kkk~I0~<Vkkkk0MlltVllll15PRINCEEDWARD~K<0<5WrfrVfATNTOWH~rP'0KMIA'A<55AtEXKOIAY5I1I~~IIIIg~/jlj~ll~10SITE891-I1iOOSOLkc~<<<W<k<W<C<<VMWlllIIj(;'-<k<<<kkhjIk<IWA55~OM'~AI+u~<%\<<~Ok<5<OAIII-l~<<Ck<<k<<<C<<CC~kSYRACUSEp55WA55ICA<CA<<OACOC<AOc<<5VAIAlll<kkkk<<kkkCkk<L<<,~<<eCk<<<<<k<<t<<k<k<<k<1<<'<k<kk<<C~~<<kk<kNOTENUMBERSREFERTOTABLES2.3-3AND2.3-4.+SITE0FIGURE2.3-510SCALE-MILES2040NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-,UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLSSCALE-KILOMETERSWATERSUPPLIESANDINDUSTRIALUSERSONLAKEONTARIOWITHIN80-KMREGION

242016O0IILJ12DI-<<CIL'lsZhlI-LEGEND0APRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECI978DATA(II)SURFACEBOTTOM~MEANVALUENOTE:MONTHLYMEANSANDRANGEOFWEEKLYVALUESFORTHENMPW,NMFPANDNMPETRANSECTS.SURFACE(0.9mt,3FOOT])ANDBOTTOM(30mI100FOOl])STRATAALONGTHE30m(100FOOT)DEPTHCONTOUR.FIGURE2.3-6SEASONALVARIATIONINWATERTEMPERATURESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.4ECOLOGY2.4.1TerrestrialEcology2.4.1.1SiteandVicinityThefollowingdescriptionoftheexistingterrestrialeco-systemsinthevicinityofUnit2isderivedprimarilyfrom1)1979aerialphotographs,2)a1979terrestrialfieldsur-vey(seeSection6.5.1formethodology),and3)reviewofpertinentliteratureasreferenced.StereoscopicfalsecolorinfraredandtruecoloraerialphotographsoftheUnit2siteweretakeninAugust1979todelineateareasofexistingenvironmentalstressandtofacilitatevegetativemapping(Figures2.4-1and2.4-2).Inaddition,aterrestrialfieldsurveywasconductedinSep-tember1979toprovidequantitativeandqualitativedescrip-tionsofthefloralandfaunalcommunitieswithin1.6km(1.0mi)ofthegeographiccenteroftheUnit2site(Figure2.4-2).Toprovideinformationinthegeneralvicinityofthesite,upto80km(50mi),datawereobtainedfromthehabitatandwildlifeinventoryoftheOswegoCountyCoastalZone,conductedin1976,thePortOntarioHarborterrestrialvertebratestudy,conductedin1977,theNapaneeDistrictLandUseStrategyPlan,andfromcommunicationwithstateandlocalwildlifepersonnel,2.4.1.1.1GeneralSiteCharacteristicsUnit2islocatedwithintheOneidaPlainphysiographicregionofOswegoCounty,NYThesitealsolieswithinthe93.8-sqkm(36.2-sqmi)areadefinedbytheSt.LawrenceEasternOntarioCommissionastheOswegoCountyCoastalZone.ThetopographyoftheOneidaPlain,whichextendssouthofLakeOntario,ismostappropriatelydescribedasaseriesofundulatinghills'~'.Thelakeplainrisesfromaminimumof76.2m(250ft)abovesealevelinthenumerouswetlandsalongtheLakeOntarioshorelinetoamaximumof93.9m(308ft)abovesealevelatDerbyHillinthetownofMexico.ThesouthshoreofLakeOntarioisbasicallyun-derlainbyOswegosandstone.ThecloseststateorfederalwildlifemanagementareaistheDeerCreekMarshWildlifeManagementArea,operatedbytheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC),locatedabout31km(19mi)east-southeastofthesite.TheclosestareatothenorthisthePointPetreProvincialWildlifeAreainPrinceEdwardCounty(Athol,Ontario)about69km(43mi)fromthesite'4'.Theonly2.4-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSotherwildlifemanagementareainthevicinityofthesiteisanAudubonbirdsanctuarylocated3km(1.9mi)fromthesiteontheLakeOntarioshore,eastofNineMilePointRoad(Figure2.4-3).Thisistheclosestprotectedwildlifeareatothesite,andmanagement,consistsprimarilyoftheerec-tionofnestboxesandthemaintenanceofvisitortrails.2.4.1.1.2TerrestrialCommunitiesandTheirInteractionsWithTheirEnvironmentThecoastalzoneofOswegoCountyliesinatransitionalareabetweenborealforestandnortheasternhardwoodforestTheproximityofLakeOntarioappreciablymodifiestheclimate,andthushasasignificanteffect,onthefloralandfaunalassociationsoftheregion.Theclimaxcommunityisadeciduousforestwithanextensiveherbaceousgroundcover.Thebiotaoftheareaarecharac-teristicofatransitionalzonewithhighspeciesdiversity.Twobasicecosystemsarepresentinthecoastalzone:wetlandsanduplandareas.Thewetlandsgenerallyresultfromdisruptionofdrainagecausedbythedrumlintopographyoftheregion'~'.Theyaregenerallytransitionalandin-cludeshallowponds,shrubswamps,woodswamps,andinter-mittentlywet.bottomland-likeforests.MuchoftheoriginalmatureforestlandoftheOneidaPlainwasclearedinthepastforfarming,butagreatdealhassincebeenabandoned'~'.Assuch,theuplandsaremostlysecond-growthcommunitiesinavarietyofsuccessionalstages.Forthisregion,thematureclimaxhardwoodcom-munityiscomposedofthebeech-maple-hemlockassociation.Ironwood(~Carinuscaroliniana),witchhazel(Hamamelisunderstory.Groundcover,althoughgenerallysparseduetotheclosedcanopy,consistsoffalseSolomon'sseal2Thevegetationinthevicinityofthesitemaybedividedintoanumberofdistinctcommunitytypes(Figure2.4-2).Theforestedcovertypesdescribedinthefollowingpara-graphsweresampledquantitativelyalongthreetransectsusingapoint-quartersamplingtechnique(Section6.5.1.1)duringthe1979fieldsurvey.Theremainingcovertypesaredescribedqualitatively,basedonobservationsmadeduring2.4-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSthe1979survey.AphylogeneticspecieslistoftheflorarecordedduringthefieldinvestigationisprovidedinTable2.4-1.Abriefdescriptionofthemajorcommunitieswithina1.6-km(1-mi)radiusofUnit2isgiveninthefol-lowingparagraphs.EarlSecond-GrowthForestCoverTeTransect1Whiteash(Fraxinusamericana)isthedominantoverstoryspeciesalongTransect1(Figure6.S-l),withanImportanceValue(IV=RelativeDominance+RelativeDensity+RelativeFrequency)of171.2(Table2.4-2)~Dominanceisreflectedbythehighdensity(224stems/ha),highfrequencyofoccur-rence(91),andbasalarea(5.49sqm/ha).Diameteratbreastheight(dbh)measurementsrangefrom10~2to48.2cm(4to19in),withameanof17.7cm(7in).Othercomponentsofthecanopyincludeapple(Malussp.),sp.),withIVsof62.8,4S.S,and19.9,respectively.CrowncoveralongTransect1isestimatedtobe50to75percent.TheshrubstratumalongTransect1isdominatedbysilkydogwood(Comusamomum),arrowwood(Viburnumdentatum),hawthorn,juneberry(Amelanchiersp.),andgrape(Vitissp.).Generally,arrowwooddominatesthoseareaswherethecanopyismostlycomplete,whiledogwcodandgrapeareabun-dant,inopenareas.Bothdogwoodandgrapearecharac-teristicofadvancedoldfieldcommunities.Additionalun-derstorycomponentsincludealder(Ainussp.)inwetterareasandoccasionalsaplingsofquakingaspenandwhiteash.Westoftheroadleadingtothemeteorologicaltower,thereisadistincttransitionfromforesttoashrubcommunity.Thisareaischaracterizedbyaverydense,1.8-to2.4-m(6-to8-ft)shrublayer,consistingofdogwood,alder,staghornsumac(Rhus~thing),andapple.Wildgrapeisalsopresent,oftenreplacingthesumac.Thepresenceoflargeappletreesandalsoascatteringofmapleandoa'k(guercussp.)suggeststhatthiscommunitywasformerlycroplandororchardandisagainadvancingtowardamatureclimaxcommunity.GroundcoveralongTransect1consistsprimarilyofpoisonivy(Rhusradicans)andgrasses(Graminea).Inthewoodedareas,poisonivydominates,whilegrassesaremoreabundantinopenareas.2.4-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISMixedForestandShrublandsCoverTeTransect2Whiteashandblackcherry(Prunusserotina)arecodominantoverstoryspeciesalongTransect2withIVsof76.2and66.0,respectively.Whiteashexhibitsthehighestdensity(155stems/ha),whileblackcherryoccurswithgreaterfrequency(Table2.4-3).Meandbhofwhiteashandblackcherryis13.6and15.6cm(5.4and6.1in),respectively.Sugarmaple(Acersaccharum)isalsoanimportantcomponentoftheoverstorybyvirtueofitslargebasalarea(3.57sqm/ha).Associatesofthecanopyalsoincludeapple,quakingaspen,hemlock(Tsucaacanadensis),blackoakJ!"'eandbhofsugarmapleandeasternhemlockis32.0and27.7cm(12.6and10.9in),respectively.Theshrubstratumconsistsprimarilyofspeciesoccurringintheoverstory.Componentsincludearrowwood,blackcherry,quakingaspen,apple,maple,andinmoreopenareas,coverisgenerallylessabundantthanthatfoundalongTransect1,duetoafairlydensecanopy.Poisonivyisabundant.Seedlingsoftheoverstoryspeciesarealsocommon.AsintheCaseofthevegetativecommunitiesalongTransect1,thepresenceofapplesuggeststhatthiscom-munitywasformerlyclearedfororchardorpasturelandandispresentlyadvancingtowardanorthernhardwoodclimaxforest.Fingersofnorthernhardwoodforestextendintotheshrublandsfromadjacentareas(Figure2.4-2)~Also,thedominanceofoverstoryspeciesintheunderstorysuggeststhatthecommunityismaturingandreproducingitself.Com-paredtotheforestedhabitatalongTransect1,thisappearstobeamoresuccessionallyadvancedcommunity.MixedHardwoodForestCoverTeTransect3Sugarmapleisthedominantoverstoryspeciesinthiscom-munity(Transect3),withanIVof106.7(Table2.4-4).Densityforthespeciesaverages373stems/ha.Itisalsothemostfrequentlyoccurringtreespecies,withameandbhof37.1cm(14.6in).Quakingaspenisanimportantcom-ponentofthecanopywithanIVof66.4,primarilytheresultofitslargebasalarea(8.2sqm/ha).Othercom-ponentsoftheoverstoryincludewhiteash,yellowbircho~birch.TheIVofbeech(25.8)wasessentiallytheresultofthelargemeandbh(35.9cm[14.1in])whichcontributestoamoderatelylargebasalarea(25.8sqm/ha).2.4-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSMatureblackcherryandhemlocktreesarealsopresentalongTransect.3.Portionsofthetransectareintermittentlywet,andthehydricnatureoftheseareasisreflectedbythepresenceofblackwillow(Salixnicira)andredmaple(Acerrubrum).Theunderstoryisdominatedbysaplingsoftheoverstoryspecies.Inaddition,stripedmaple,hackberry,hophornbeam,ironwood,blackcherry,andarrowwoodarepresent.Groundcoverconsistsofpartridgeberry(Mitchella~reens),Themixedhardwoodforestisthemostadvancedsuccessionalstageonsite.Withinthiscommunity,subclimaxareasaremaintainedbydifferencesinedaphicconditions(e.g.,low-lyingwetareassupportredmapleandwillowstands).Dominanceoftheunderstorybysaplingsofoverstoryspeciessuggeststhatthiscommunityisreproducingandcontinuingtomature.OldFieldCommunitIntermsofsecondaryecologicalsuccession,theoldfieldcommunitytypicallyisthefirstsere,orsuccessionalstage,todevelopafterabandonmentoffarmlandorclearedland.Onetothreeyearsafterafieldisabandoned,annualweedssuchasragweed(Ambrosiasp.)andcrabgrasstheannualsarereplacedbymorevigorousperennialssuchasaster(Asterspp.)andgoldenrod(Solidacaospp.).Theperennialweedstage,persistingfrom3to7yrafterabandonment,eventuallyyieldstoamoreadvancedsucces-sionalstage,characterizedbyaggressive,adaptableperen-stagesdependonedaphicconditions,suchasmoisture,fire,lightavailability,andsoilcharacteristicsaswellasoverallclimateandregionalphysiognomy.AttheUnit2site,twodistinctopenfieldcommunitiesarepresent.ThefirstconsistsofareasthataremaintainedbyUnit2personnel.Onesuchareaisusedannuallyforsnowdumpingfromtheplantarea.Thisfieldisseededeachspringwithamixtureofgrasses.Another,aspoilarea,isgenerallyingrasseswhennotinuse.2.4-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThesecondtypeof.openfieldcommunityconsistsofareasthatareproceedingthroughnaturalsuccessionafterabandonment.SeveralopenfieldcommunitiesarefoundnearUnit2.Grassesandforbssuchasragweed,wood-sorrel(Oxalissp.),goldenrod,andastersdominatethesecommunities,dependingontheirsuccessionalstage(i.e.,sere).TransmissionCorridorMaintenanceofthetransmissioncorridorinaccordancewithright-of-way(ROW)specificationshasresultedinadiver-sityofvegetation.Asaconsequenceofcuttingthecor-ridor(nearUnit2)throughamatureforestcommunity,speciesoccurringintheborderingstandsareexpectedtobefoundinadditiontotheearlysuccessionalspeciesnormallyassociatedwithdisturbedareas.TheundulatingtopographyalongtheROWcreatesavarietyofmoisturelevels,andtherebycontributestothediversityofplantspeciesfoundalongtheROW.AmongthosespeciescommonlyoccurringalongtheROWwithinthesiteareaarenumerousgrasses(Gramineae),sedgs(Carexspp.),andforbssuchasmullein(Verbascum~thasus),wildstrawberry(Fracrariasp.),dwarfcinquefoil(Fotentilla(Linariavulcuaris),blackberry(Rubussp.),smartweed(Dennstaedtiaunctilobula),sensitivefern(Onocleasensibilis),blackcherry,andquakingaspen.TransmissioncorridorvegetationisdiscussedfurtherinSection2.4.1.2.ManagementoftheROW(Section5.6.1)willrestrictitsdevelopmenttoitspresentlevelofsuccession.ImortantSeciesNoplantspecieslistedbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeSer-viceasendangeredorthreatenedhavebeenfoundatthesiteSeveralplantsclassifiedbyNYSDECasprotectedhavebeenidentifiedatthesite(Table2.4-1).TheseplantsarelistedbecausetheyareattractiveandarenotconsideredrareorendangeredinNewYorkState'.4.1.1.3FaunaThe"fauna'oftheOswegoCountyCoastalZoneistypicalofthatfoundthroughoutthenortheasternUnitedStates.2.4-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTheproximityofLakeOntariomodifiestheclimateandtendstoextendnorthwardrangesofanumberofspecieswithsouthernaffinities.2.4.1.1.3.1MammalsMostofthemammalianspeciesthatoccurinthiscoastalzonearewide-rangingspecieswithnoregionalaffinity.Theremainderareprimarilynorthernornortheasternspeciesapproachingthesouthernandwesternlimitsoftheirrangesinthearea.Afewmammalsaresouthernspeciesap-proachingthenorthernmostextensionoftheirrangeinOswegoCounty.Pastclearingoflandforagricultureandurban/industrialdevelopmenthasappreciablyaffectedthespeciescompositionandabundanceofmammals.Clearingoflandhasfavoredspeciessuchasopossum,easterncottontail,andprairiedeermouse.However,reductionofforestedhabitatandin-creasedhuntingandtrappingpressurehavesignificantlyreducedoreliminatedpopulationsoflargermammalssuchasblackbear,bobcat,mountainlion,fisher,marten,wolf,coyote,andriverotter.SmallMammalsThesmall-mammaltrappingprogramconductedinSeptember1979.(Section6.5.1)yieldedfivespeciesofmammalscol-lectedfromfourlocationsontheUnit2site(TableF4-5).Thetwomostcommonlycollectedspecieswerethe(P.maniculatus),accountingfor40and30percent,respectively,ofallsmallmammalscaptured.Otherspeciescapturedincludedthemeadowjumpingmouse(~Zaushudsonius),meadowvole(Microtusennslvanicus),andredsquirrel(Tamiasciurushudsonicus).HabitatUtilization-Habitatutilizationforagivenareaisdefinedastheproportionofanimalscapturedwithineachhabitattype.Toequalizetrappingeffortamongcommunities,thenumberofmammalscapturedper100trap-nightswasusedtocalculatehabitatutilizationratherthantheactualnumberoforganismscaptured.Dataforthetrappingperiodindicatethatthemixedhard-woodforest(themostmaturesuccessionalcommunityonsiteisTransect3)receivesthegreatesthabitatutilization:50.0percent.Theearlysecond-growthhardwoodforest(alongTransect1)isalsoanimportanthabitat,with24.9percentoftheutilization.Habitatutilizationislowest2.4-7 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSinthetransmissioncorridor(15.0percent)andopenfield(9.9percent)habitats(Table2.4-5).Aspreviouslystated,thewhite-footedmouseanddeermouseconstitutethegreatestpercentageofsmallmammalscaptured.Thewhite-footedmouseisfoundinavarietyofhabitats.Itisanocturnalmousewhichnestsincavitiessuchasstonewallsandhollowtrees'.ItsbreedingseasonextendsfromApriltoOctober.Allcapturesofthisspeciesoccurredinareasofpreferredhabitat(i.e.,forestedareas).Thedeermousewascapturedmostfrequentlyfromthemixedhardwoodforest,indicativeofitspreferenceforconiferousand.deciduoushabitats.Itnestsinburrowsintheground,aswellasintrees,stumps,andbuildings.ItsusualbreedingtimeisfromFebruarytoNovember.Itshomerangeis0.2to1.2ha(0.5to3.0acres)ormore'hemeadowvolepreferslow,moistareasofgrasslandswithrankgrowthsofherbaceousvegetation.Allspecimensweretakenintheoldfieldcommunity,whereherbaceousvegetationisdominant.Themeadowjumpingmouseprefersareascloselyassociatedwithmoistshrub-herbaceouscommunities;however,BurtandGrossenheiderindicatethatth>>meadowjumpingmouseisun-restrictedinvariouslandhabitats'.Thisspecieswascollectedfromthetransmissioncorridor.Itisprimarilynocturnalwithahomerangeof0.2to0.8ha(0.5to2.0acres)'.IthibernatesinOctoberorNovember,emerginginAprilorMay.Oneredsquirrel(Tamiasciurushudsonicus)wastrappedintheearlysecond-growthhardwoodforest.RedsquirrelsinOswegoCountyarenotascommonasgraysquirrels(Sciuruscarolinensis),becausetheredsquirrelisanorthernspeciesapproachingthesouthernlimitofitsrangeinthisarea'.Nithinthecoastalzone,theyaremostcloselyas-sociatedwiththebeech-maple-hemlockforests.InadditiontothosesmallmammalstrappedattheUnit2site,avarietyofotherspeciesarelikelytooccur.Table2.4-6liststhosesmallmammalsthataremostlikelytooccurinthisarea,basedonthewildlifeinventoryofthecoastalzoneconductedin1976.2.4-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSMedium-andLare-SizedMammalsObservationsofmedium-andlarge-sizedmammals(carnivores,largerodents,lagomorphs,andeven-toedungulates)and/ortheirsignsweremadeduringthefieldinvestigationsoftheUnit2sitein1979,butfewsightingswererecorded.However,twowoodchucks(Marmotamonax)wereobservedalongtheroadside.Tracksofthewhite-taileddeer(OdocoileusonebeddingareawasnotedalongTransect1intheearlysecond-growthhardwoodforest.Basedondatacollectedduringthewildlifeinventoryofthecoastalzonein1976,14speciesofmediumtolargemammalsareexpectedtooccurwithintheregion(Table2.4-6):redfox(~Vulesfulva),grayfox(~Uroconcinereoarenteus),bobcat(~Lnxrufus),coyote(Canislatrans),riverotterfloridanus),varyinghare(~Leusamericanus),stripedskunk(~Mehitis~mehitis),porcupine(Erethizondorsatum),muskrat(Castorcanadensis),white-taileddeer(OdocoileusliststhosespeciesofmammalsthataremostlikelytooccurneartheUnit2site,basedontheavailabilityofsuitablehabitat,dataonhabitatpreference,geographicrange,andhistoricalrecords(huntingstrapping,scientificstudies,etc).ImortantMammalianSeciesSeveralmammalianspeciesareconsideredimportant,because:1)theyareendangeredorthreatenedspeciesprotectedbystateand/orfederallegislation,2)theyarevaluablecom-merciallyorrecreationally,3)theyexertasignificantin-fluenceonecosystemdynamics,or4)theyarebiologicalin-dicatorsofradionuclides'.BiologicalindicatorsofradionuclidesarediscussedinSection5.4.EndaneredorThreatenedSecies-NewYorkStateliststheIndianahat(~Motissodalis)asendangered.ThisspeciesisalsoprotectedundertheFederalEndangeredSpeciesActof1973,amendedin1978'heIndianabatisamedium-sizedbatcloselyresemblingthelittlebrownbat.ItisassociatedwiththemajorcavernouslimestoneareasofthemidwestandeasternUnitedStates,whereitoverwintersinhibernaculum(cavesusedaswinterroosts).Littleisknownaboutthebehaviorofthisbatinsummerexceptthatitdispersesandhasbeenfoundupto2.4-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS644km(400mi)awayfromitswinterroosts'.Populationsarethoughttobedecliningduetobio-accumulationofinsecticidesandtodisruptionoftheirhibernacula'.Therearetwowinterroostswithin80km(50mi)oftheUnit2site:theJeffersonCountyhiber-naculumlocatedapproximately69km(43mi)northofUnit2andtheSyracusehibernaculumlocatedapproximately72km(45mi)southAlthoughitispossiblethattheIndianabatcouldoccuratthesiteduringthesummermonths,itwasnotrecordedfromthecoastalzoneduringthehabitat,andwildlifeinventoryin1976orotherrecent.studies.Inaddition,therearenoknown.cavesthatwouldserveaswinterroostingsitesintheUnit2sitearea,andbecauseoftheIndianabat'sdispersedsummerranges,itisnotparticularlysusceptibletotheclearingofsmalllandparcels.CommerciallandRecreationallImortantSecies-Commer-ciallyand/orrecreationallyimportantgamespeciesinflori'danus),graysquirrel,varyinghare(~Leusamericana),andwhite-taileddeer(Table2.4-7)'.Furbearingspeciesofimportanceincludemink(Mustelavison),muskrat(Ondatrazibethica),beaver(Castorcanadensis),raccoon(~Proconlotor),skunk(~Mehitis~mehitis),redfox(~vulesfulva),andgrayfox(U~)roconcinereoarenteus)'a'.2.4.1.1~3~2AvifaunaThecoastalzoneofOswegoCountysupportsalargenumberofavianspecies.Numerousbirdspeciesbreedinthearea.Inaddition,thereisalargeinfluxofspringandfallmi-grantstravelingthroughtheregion,sincetheareaispartoftheAtlanticFlyway'uringthewinter,largenumbersofwaterfowlandwaterbirdscongregatealongthecoastalareasofLakeOntario(Figure2.4-3).TheoverwinteringpopulationfromtheSalmonRiverwestofthecityofOswegoconsistsprimarilyofdivingduc'ks.Dominantbirdsincludegreaterscaup(~Athavalisineria)andoldsquaw(Clanqula~hemalis)arealsofoundinthisarea,'.Duringyearsofheavyicethesewater-fowlgenerallymoveoutintodeeper,ice-freewater'~3'Observationsofavianspeciesweremadeprimarilyalongtransectroutesduringvegetationsamplingandsmall-mammaltrapping.Inaddition,recordswerekeptofincidental2.4-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSsightingsmadeinthevicinityofUnit2(indisturbedareas,alongroadsides,ecotones,orthetransmissionROW)~TenspeciesofbirdswererecordedattheUnit2siteduringthe1979fieldinvestigations.Theseincludedblack-capped(Sittacarolinensis),mourningdove(Zenaiduramacroura),tristis),andkilldeer(Charadriusvociferus).Inaddition,transmissioncorridor.Inadditiontothosespeciesobservedduringthefieldreconnaissance,numerousotherspeciesarelikelytooccurinthearea.Table2.4-8providesalistofspeciesrecordedfromtheOswegoCountyCoastalZone'ables2.4-9and2.4-10providegeneralizedhabitatas-sociationsformajorbreedingandnonbreedingspecies.Table2.4-11liststheresultsofaroadsidecountandbreedingbirdstripcensusforareasadjacenttotheUnit2site,conductedin1976.ImortantAvianSeciesAnumberofavianspeciesareconsidered"important"inac-cordancewithRegulatoryGuides4.2and4.11becausethey:1)areendangeredorthreatenedspecies,2)arevaluedcom-merciallyorrecreationallyasgamespecies,or3)exertasignificantinfluenceonecosystemdynamics'ndaneredorThreatenedSecies-Theosprey(Pandionhaliaetus),baldeagle(Haliacetusleucocehalus),andpere-NewYorkState'~BoththebaldeagleandperegrinefalconarealsolistedontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService'slistofendangeredspecies'heospreyisafairlycommonspringandfallmigrantalongtheshorelineofLakeOntario.ThebreedingterritorynearesttoUnit2istheareaalongtheSt.LawrenceRiver(theIndianRiverLakesregion,encompassingportionsofnortheasternJeffersonandsouthwesternSt.LawrenceCounties)about100km(62mi)northeastofthesite.The1976nestingseasonshowedthelargestincreaseinsuccess-fulnestingfortheospreywithinthepast20yr'hebaldeaglewasformerlyafairlycommonspringandfallmigrantalongtheshoresofLakeOntario,nestinglocallyat2.4-11 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSelkirkShoresinthepast'.Presently,observationsofthisraptorarerare,andnestingatSelkirkShoreshasnotoccurredsince1955.ThenearestactivenestislocatedatthesouthendofHemlockLakeinLivingstonCountyabout135km(85mi)s'outhwestofthesite'~Atpresent,NYSDECandCornellUniversityareparticipatinginacooperativeprogramtoreestablishthebaldeagleasabreedingraptorinNewYork~'.Forty-fourbaldeagleswerehatchedandreleasedinwesternNewYorkStatebetween1976and1981.ReleasepointsincludedtheMontezumaNationalWildlifeRefuge,32km(20mi)southwestofthesite;andtheOakOr-chardStateWildlifeRefuge,160km(100mi)west-southwestofthesite.ManyofthesebirdshavemovednorthtotheLakeOntarioshore,andsomehavebeensightedeastandnorthofOswego'heperegrinefalconisarareinlandmigrant,occasionallyobservedalongtheshoresofLakeOntario.Formerlyacom-monbreedingspeciesinNewYorkState,theperegrinefalconhasnotnestedinNewYorksince1961'.Itsdeclinehasbeenattributedtopesticidetoxicity.Asinthecaseofthebaldeagle,NYSDECiscooperatingwithCornellUniver-sitytoreestablishtheperegrinefalconasabreedingrap-torinNewYorkState'ommerciallandRecreationallEmortantSecies-Alargenumberofhawks,eagles,falcons,andospreysmigrateeachspringalongtheshoreofLakeOntarioandswingnorthalongtheeasternendofthelake.Asmanyas55,000ofthesebirdshavebeenobservedperseasonfromDerbyHill,anob-servationareanorthofMexico,NY'able2.4-12liststhebirdofpreynestinglocationsfortheOswegoCountyCoastalZone.OthercommerciallyorrecreationallyimportantavianspeciesinOswegoCountyincluderuffedgrouse(Bonasaumbellus),woodcock(~Scoloasminor),ring-neckedpheasant(Phasianus(Ralluslimicola),Sorarail(Porzanacarolina),gallinuleadditionto28speciesofwaterfowl(Table2.4-7).2.4.1.1.3.3HerpetofaunaThereptilianandamphibianfaunasofthecoastalzonearesparse,withthemajorityofthespecieswidelydistributedthroughout,theareaAbout40speciesofreptilesandamphibiansarebelievedtoinhabitportionsofOswego2'-12 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCounty,butonly21havebeenobservedfromthecoastalzone(1)Duringthe1979fieldinvestigation,twospeciesofam-recordedfromthemixedhardwoodforestcommunity(Transect3).Thisamphibianprefersmoistdeciduousorconiferouswoods;however,it,mayfreguentlybefoundcon-siderabledistancesfromwater)BreedingoccursneartheendofMarch,usuallyinsmall,shallowponds.Thetadpolestagelasts2to3months.Inthefall,thewoodfrogbeginshibernationunderleaves,stones,stumps,orinswamps'~8'.Numerousleopardfrogs(Rane~iiens)wereobservedindisturbedareasoftheUnit2site.Thefrogismostcom-monlyfoundinmeadowsandfields.Eggsarelaidinshallowwaterinthespringandhatchin4to6days.Thenorthernleopardfrogislesscommonthanthegreenfrog(R.clamitans)orbullfrog(R.catesbeiana)inOswegowetlands;however,largenumbersofjuvenileshavebeenfoundintheareainAugust.OneunidentifiedsnakewasobservedattheUnit2siteduringthe1979fieldreconnaissance.Table2.4-13liststhosespeciesofherpetofaunawhicharemostlikelytooccuronsiteorinadjacentareas.Thislistwascompiledfromavailableliterature,andtakesintocon-siderationfactorssuchasavailabilityofsuitablehabitat,geographicrange,andhistoricalrecords.ImortantRetilesandAmhibiansAnumberofherpetofaunaareconsideredimportantvertebratespeciesbasedontheirstatusasendangeredorthreatenedspecies.Withrespecttoamphibians,nonearepresentlylistedasendangeredorthreatened.Ofthereptiles,thebogturtle(~Clemmsmuhlenberii)islistedasendangeredbythestateofNewYork.ItspresentstatusalongIakeOntarioisunknown'.Recordsindicatethatthebogturtlepreferssphagnaceousbogs,swamps,andwetmeadowstraversedbyclear,slow-movingstreams.AlthoughthebogturtlehasnotbeenrecordedfromtheOswegoCountyCoastalZone,thereisapossibilitythatthisspeciesmayoccurinDeerCreekMarsh,awetlandas-sociatedwiththeSalmonRiverabout32km(20mi)southeastofthesite2.4-13 NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLS2.4.1.1.4SignificantHabitatsTwoareaswithintheOswegoCountyCoastalZoneneartheUnit2sitehavebeenidentifiedbyNYSDECassignificanthabitats(Figure2.4-3)'~OneareaisthenearshoreareaofLakeOntariobetweentheSalmonRiverandthecityofOswego,includingtheareaimmediatelyoffshorefromtheplant.Thisstretchofcoastlineisanimportantnon-breedingwaterfowlwinterconcentrationarea,asdiscussedinSection2.4.1.1~3'.Thesecondsignificanthabitatisadeeryard(concentrationare'a)northwestofSenecaHillabout11km(7mi)southwestofthesite(Figure2.4-3).Ithasbeenestimatedthatapproximately50deerusethisareabetweenDecemberandMarch'.4.1.1.5EnvironmentalStressesTherearetwomajortypesofvegetationstresses,naturalandman-induced,whichcanaffectspeciescompositionofacommunity.Naturalenvironmentalstressestovegetationcanresultfromdiseasesofnumerousorigins,insects,wind,fire,drought,ice,andsnow.Man-inducedstresses,suchasfarming,logging,quarrying,applicationofpesticides,andrecreationalactivities,generallyalterhabitatandthusmaysignificantlyaffectfloral,andfaunalcommunities.Nonaturallyoccurringenvironmentalstresseswerenotedduringthe1979sitesurvey,nordidstereoscopicinfraredaerialphotographstakeninAugust1979revealanymajornaturalenvironmentalstresseswithinthe1.6-km(1-mi)radiusofUnit2.DiscussionwiththeNYSDECstaff(CortlandRegionalOffice)revealedthatthereisnoindicationofstresstoforestvegetationorwildlifeintheareaofUnit.2thatcouldbeattributedtopestordiseasevectors(personalcom-municationwithNYSDEC).Withrespecttoman-inducedenvironmentalstresses,theclearingoflandinthepastforagriculturaluseshasap-preciablyalteredthestructureofthevegetationalcom-munitieswithintheregion.Presently,muchoftheareaisinvaryingstagesofsecondarysuccessionfollowinglanduseascropland,pastureland,ororchards.Pioneerstagesofsuccession(oldfieldcommunities)arepresent,alongwithintermediatestages(earlysecond-growthhardwoodforests)andthoseseresapproachingmatureclimaxcommunities(beech-mapleforests).2.4-14 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISManagementofthetransmissionlineROWsandgrassedareasadjacenttothepowerplantcomplexwillmaintaintheminearly,suppressedstagesofsecondarysuccession.Thesemanagedareasareusefulhabitatsforseveralwildlifespeciesincludingdeer,raptorsandfield-dwellingbirds,smallmammals,andherpetofauna.2.4.1.1.6SummarySeveraldistinctbioticcommunitiesarepresentwithinthe1.6-km(1-mi)radiusofUnit2.Thesecommunitiesvaryinsuccessionalstage,diversity,androleintheecologicalrelationshipsofthesite.Ingeneral,theforestcommunitiesintheareaareproductive,stableecosystemscharacterizedbycomplexfoodwebs.Thestabilityofforestecosystemsisattributedtothediversityoforganisms,therelativelylonglifecyclesofthedominantorganisms,andtightnutrientcycles'nthevicinityofUnit2,severalforestcommunitiesarepresent,eachrepresentingdifferent,stagesinsecondarysuccession(earlysecond-growthforest,intermediatesecond-growthforest,andmixedhardwoodforest,eachap-proachingthematureclimaxcommunityoftheregion).Theopenfieldcommunitiesaretypicalexamplesofthean-nualweedstageinoldfieldsuccession.Foodchainsintheopenfieldcommunityaregenerallysimple,withmostenergyflowoccurringthroughtheherbivores.Mostofthedominantplantshaveshortlifecyclesandproduceabundantseedcropsinthefall,makingthesecommunitiesvaluabletowildlife.Openfield/shrubcommunitiesaremorestratifiedthanopenfieldsandcontainmoreplantforms(perennialherbs,vines,shrubs,andyoungtrees).Morespecializedecologicalnichesarethereforeavailableforwildlife.Theopenfield/shrubcommunities,becauseoftheirmorecomplexfoodwebs,lesspronouncedseasonalfluctuationsincommunityfunction,andthelongerlifecyclesofthedominantorganisms,areconsideredtobemoreecologicallystable'~.TherearenumerousecotonesinthevicinityofUnit2becauseofthepatchydistributionofvegetation.Often,thediversityofspeciesisgreaterinecotonesthaninsur-roundingcommunities.Thus,ecotonessuchasthosefoundinthisareaarevaluabletowildlifeashabitatandfoodsources.2.4-15 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.4.1.2TransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasDescriptionsoftheterrestrialecosystemwithintheUnit2-to-VolneytransmissioncorridorarebasedontheAr-ticleVIIapplication,aliteraturereview,aerialphotographs,consultationwithlocalspecialists,afieldsurveyinSeptember1979,andasitevisitinOctober1981'~'.AdescriptionofthemethodologiesusedduringtheSeptember1979sitevisitisincludedinSection6.5.1.2.4.1.F1GeneralCorridorCharacteristicsThenew345-kVtransmissionlinewillextendfromUnit2totheexistingVolneysubstation,15km(9.4.mi)south-southeastofUnit2(Figures3.7-1and3.7-4).ThenewtransmissionlinewillparalleltheexistingNineMile1-Volney345-kVtransmissionline,passingthroughthetownsofScribaandVolney,NY.TheexistingtransmissionROW,southofLakeRoad,is152m(500ft)wide.Thecenterlineofthenewtransmissionlinewillbelocated30m(100ft)eastoftheeasternmost.345-kVlineandwillrequireclearingofanadditional23m(75ft)withintheexistingROW~2.4.1.2.2TerrestrialCommunitiesandSpeciesinteractionsHardwoodcovertypesdominatetheareastobeclearedforthenewline,interruptedwithsmallareasofhardwood-coniferandconifertrees.Theageclassoftheseforestedareasisprincipallysaplingandpoletimber,withisolatedareasofmaturemerchantabletimber.Otherforesteduplandsincludesmallportionsofconiferplan-tationsandabandonedappleandpearorchards.Scatteredwoodedandshrubwetlandsandactivelyfarmedbottomlandsalsooccuralong.theproposedroute.Table2.2-6andFigure2.4-4presenttheresultsoftheROWvegetationanalysissurveyconductedpriortotheproposedclearing.Tables2.4-14and2.4-15presentthevegetativespeciestraversedbytheexistingROW.Theexistingtransmissioncorridorisinasuccessionalprocesswhichissimilartothatintheadjacentforestbrushland,exceptthatithasbeenmaintainedatanearlierstage.immediatelyfollowingclearingoftheROW,thevegetationpresentwithinthecorridorwouldhavebeendependentontheoriginalecosystem.Forestedstretcheswouldhaveresembledareasclear-cutduringaloggingoperation,whereasagriculturalareaswouldbeessentiallyunchanged.Sincethattime,maintenanceprocedureshave2.4-16 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLStendedtocreateandholdallareas,exceptthoseactivelyfarmed,atanadvancedoldfieldstageofsuccession.Thehistoryofthetransmissioncorridoris,inmanyrespects,similartothatofthelargestretchesofsur-roundingvegetationpresentlyinforestbrushlandthatalsohavebeenpreviouslycleared.Speciescompositionissimilarinmanycases,withthegreatestdifferencesbeingthegreaterdominanceofgrassesandforbsinthetransmis-sioncorridorversustall-growingwoodyspecies(shrubsandtrees)intheforestbrushland.ForestedCommunitiesTheforestcommunitiesintheregioncrossedbythenew345-kVlineincludefourmajorvegetationtypes(Table2.2-6).Thepredominantvegetationisforestbrushland,whichisdefinedasareaswithbrushcoveruptofullystockedpoleslessthan9'm(30ft)high.Thisvegetationtypeincludesapproximately13,866ha(34,262.9acres)inthevicinityoftheROWandcoversap-proximately26.4ha(64.2acres),or80.6percentofthenewcorridor.Thisvegetationtyperesultsfromavarietyofnaturalandmanmadeperturbationsofwhatwasoriginallyatypicalnortheasternclimaxdeciduousforest.Thegreatestsourceofdisturbancehasbeenclearingforagriculturalpurposes,includingorchards,pasture,andcropland.Otherdisturbancestypicalofthisareaincludelogging,clearingforresidentialuse,fire,blowdown,andnaturaldisease.Alloftheseareashavesucceeded,fol-lowingtheirdisturbance,toecosystemspartwaybetweenforestandoldfieldandwouldbeexpectedtocontinueuntiltheyreachaclimaxforest.Asecondtypeofforestedland,matureforest,isdefinedascontainingnaturalstands'whereatleast50percentofthetreesareover50yroldandover9.1m(30ft)high.ThelargestareaofmatureforestalongthecorridorislocatednorthofMinerRoadandisknownasScribaWoods.TheareaeastofthecorridorhasbeendescribedbyBieber,etal,andisrepresentativeofatypicalclimaxcommunityforthisarea'.Canopycoveris80to90percentandthetreesreach23m(75ft)inheight.DominantcanopyspeciesincludeAmericanbeechandsugarmaple.Codominantspeciesincludehemlock,redmaple,whiteash,andyellowbirch.Approximately9percentoftheROWcrossesmatureforest.Thethirdvegetationtypeisforestwetland..Wetlands(forestedandotherwise)inOswegoCountyhavebeensurveyedbyNYSDECinaccordancewiththeNewYorkStateWetlands2.4-17 NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSAct'~'.Anupdateofthissurveywithparticularatten-tionpaidtothetransmissioncorridorhasbeenperformedbytheOswegoCountyEnvironmentalManagementCouncil'~4'.Inthevicinityofthecorridor,1.6km(1mi)oneachside,are26wetlands,eachhavingasizeof5ha(12.4acres),theminimumsizerecorded.Atotalof1.0ha(2.4acres),or3percentoftheareatobeclearedalongtheROW,willcrossthisvegetationtype.Thelargestareaofunmanaged(notfarmed)wetlandsthatwillbecrossedbythenewtransmissionlineislocatedonstreamOnt-62,approximately1.6km(1mi)southofLakeRoad.Thisareahasapparentlyexperiencedarecentincreaseinwaterlevels,causingconsiderablemortalityintreesandothervegetativecoveroverseveralacres.Asaresult,thenextsuccessionalstageformanypartsofthisareawillprobablybeashallowpondorashrubswamp.Ofthiswetland,about.0.2ha(0.4acres)willbecrossedbythenewtransmissionline.Thefourthforestcategoryisplantation,aforestareathatisartificiallystocked.Only1.6percentofthecorridorcrossesforestplantations.NonforestedCommunitiesThenew345-kVlinewillalsocrosstwosmallsectorsofcultivatedland.Thefirstarea,whichliessouthofCountyRoute4,isanll-ha(26-acre)fieldgenerallyusedforgrowinglettuceoronions.Theremainingarea,immediatelynorthofStateHighway104,isa4-ha(ll-acre)hayfield.Theportionsofthesefieldscrossedbythenewlinetotal2.0ha(4.8acres)andrepresentabout6percentoftheareatobecleared.EndaneredorThreatenedSeciesNofederallylistedendangeredorthreatenedfloralspeciesareknowntoexistinOswegoCounty.InformationconcerningspecieslistedasprotectedbyNYSDECisdiscussedinSection2.4.1.1.2.4.1.2.3FaunaVertebratefaunathatmaybefoundinandalongthetrans-missioncorridoraresimilartothosefoundonsite(Section2.4.1.1.3).Naturalhistoryinformationonverte-bratefaunahasbeenpresentedpreviously(Section2.4.1.1~3andTables2.4-6through2.4-13)~Approximately26mammals,including1marsupial,6insectivores(shrewsandmoles),12.4-18 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSlagomorph,8rodents(including6smallmammals),9carnivores,and1even-toedungulate,haverangesandhabitatrequirementsthataremetbynewandshrubbyfieldsandthusmaybefoundinthevegetativehabitatsprovidedbytheROW(Table2.4-6).ManyoftheseanimalsmayalsobefoundintheforestandforestshrubcommunitiesalongtheROW.Inaddition,thereareabout18moremammalsthatareprimarilywoodsdwellers.Similarly,therearemanybirds(Tables2.4-9and2.4-10)andreptiles(Table2.4-13)foundnearthesitethatmayalsooccurinoralongthetransmis-sioncorridor.TherecenthistoryoftheROWandthenearbyenvirons(Section2.4.1.1.2),andthemanyecotonalareasalongtheROW,theroadside,residences,andfarmlandsinthegeneralvicinityoftheROW,resultsinageneralecosystemwithdiverseanimalspecies.Thereisonlylimitedrepresen-tationbyspeciesrequiringlargertractsofmatureforest,whereasthosefoundinoldfields,oldfieldandforestshrub,andwoodlotsarecommon.ImortantVertebrateFaunaVertebratefaunacanbeconsideredimportantbecauseoftheirstatusasendangeredorthreatened,becauseoftheircommercialorrecreationalvalue,orbecausetheysupporteitheroftheprecedinggroups.EndaneredorThreatenedSeciesExceptforoccasionaltransientspecies,nofederallylistedendangeredorthreatenedwildlifespeciesareknowntoexistwithinthetransmissionROW'.InformationconcerningpossibletransientsispresentedinSection2.4.1.1.3.CommerciallorRecreationallSinificantSeciesSmallgamespeciesthatarelikelytobefoundintheareaofthe345-kVtransmissioncorridoraresimilartothoseusingthesite(Section2.4.1.1.3).Importantspeciesin-cludethegraysquirrel,cottontailrabbit,waterfowl,andpossiblysnowshoehare.Ruffedgrouseandwoodcockuseoftheareaisgenerallyseasonal.Table2.4-7providesalistofimportantgameandfurbearerspeciesoccurringinOswegoCountyandanestimateofthenumberstakenintheareaeachyearThepossibledistributionofspeciesbyhabitatispresentedinTable2.4-6~LargergamespeciesarealsofoundalongtheROW.BeaveruseisprevalentintheBlackCreekarea,locatedabout2.4-19 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS9.4km(5.9mi)southofthesite.Signsofdeerarealsopresent.Thisspeciesistheonlylargegamespeciesfoundinthearea,buttheirconcentrationisconsideredtobelow.Theestimateddensityis1buck/sqmi'~'.Additionallifehistoryandhabitatutilizationinformationforimpor-tantvertebratespeciesintheareaisfoundinSections2.4.1.1.3.1and2'.1.1.3.2.ImortantInvertebrateFaunaNYSDECatCortland,NY,indicatesthattherearenoknownoccurrencesofimportantinvertebratefaunaalongthe345-kVROWfromUnit2totheVolneysubstation'.Thisincludesmajorendangeredorthreatenedspecies,commerciallyorrec-reationallyimportantspecies,andpotentiallylimitingcom-ponentsofthefoodchain.Therearealsonopestordiseasevectorsaffectingwildlifeorvegetationthatwouldclassifyasinvertebratesofconcern.2.4.1.2.4SpecialHabitatsAccordingtoNYSDEC,nowildliferefugesorconcentrationareasaretraversedbytheROW.Thenearestsignificantterrestrialhabitatisadeerconcentrationarealocatedap-proximately11km(7mi)westoftheROW(Figure2.4-3)'hereareno,othersignificantorirreplaceableterrestrialresourcesinthevicinityofthetransmissioncorridor.2.4.1.2.5StressedAreasTherearenoindicationsofenvironmentalstressestoforestvegetationorwildlifealongtheROWthatcouldbeat-tributedtopestordiseasevectors,i.e.,naturallyinducedstresses'.However,thereareareasalongtheROWthatarecurrentlymanagedforagriculturaluseandmaintenanceoftheexisting345-kVROW.ContinuedmanagementoftheexistingROWwillmaintainitintheearlystagesofsecon-darysuccession(e.g.,oldfieldandlow-growingshrubcommunities)andwillprovideusefulhabitatforseveralformsofwildlife,includingraptors,field-dwellingbirds,smallmammals,deer,andherpetofauna.2.4.2AquaticEcology2.4.2.1TheSiteandVicinityNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(NMPC)hasconductedyearlybiologicalstudiesinthevicinityofUnit1since1969.AcomprehensiveecologicalsurveyofLakeOntariowascon-ductedintheNineMilePointvicinityduringtheyears19732.4-20 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSthrough1978.Areducedprogram,reflectingmodificationsmadeintheUnit1technicalspecificationsin1978,wasconductedfrom1979through1981.Duringthe6-yrintensivestudy,themajortrophiclevelsoftheaquaticecosystemweresampledextensivelytodetermineanyimpactsoftheoperationofUnit1andtheJamesA.Fitzpatrick(JAF)plant,andtoconductpreoperationalstudiesforUnit2.Eachtrophiclevel(phytoplankton,microzooplankton,macrozooplankton,ichthyoplankton,benthos,andnekton)wasexaminedforspatialandtemporaltrendsindistributionandabundance.Populationsinnaturevaryaccordingtoinherentlifehistorycharacteristicsandinteractionwithothertrophiclevels,andwithdensity-dependentanddensity-independentfactors.InLakeOntario,overfishingandtheintroductionofexoticspecieshavefurtherdisruptedthestabilityofthefishcommunity.Therefore,toexplainvariationsinpopulationdistributionandabundance,itisnecessarytoconsiderthenaturalfactorsaswellastheef-fectofpowerplantoperations'hesamplingprogramsdesignedtoevaluatethepopulationdistributionandabundancerelativetoplantoperationaresummarizedinSection6.5.2.1andprovidedindetailintheannualinterpretivereportsforeachofthesamplingyearst27-35)Thefollowingsectionspresentsummariesofstudyresultsbytrophiccategory.2.4.2.1.1PhytoplanktonThedatacollectedbetween1973and1978havebeenexaminedforabundance,distribution,andproductivityofthephytoplanktoncommunityintheNineMilePointvicinity.Atotalof187generafromsevendivisionswereidentifiedduringthisperiod.Thespeciesassemblageremainedcon-sistentthroughoutthestudyperiodandwassimilartothatdescribedinpreviousstudies'.Thefollowingarethemostabundanttaxaidentifiedduringthestudy:Blue-GreenAlgaeDiatomsChroococcussp.Coeloshaeriumsp.Gomhoshaeriasp.Oscillatoriasp.Anabaenasp.Ahanizomenonsp.Cyclotellasp.Melosirasp.Stehanodiscussp.Asterionellasp.Diatomasp.Tabellariasp.2.4-21 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSGreenAlgaeOthersEudorinasp.Coelastrumsp.~Occstissp.Scenedesmussp.Ochromonassp.Rhodomonassp.Phytoplanktonabundancegenerallycycledtwotofourtimeseachyear,withthemaximumabundancesgenerallyoccurringduringthesummer'.TheseseasonalpatternsreflectsimilarpatternspreviouslyreportedinLakeOntario'acillariophyta(diatoms)bloomedinthespring,.thende-clineduntillatefallwhentheyagainbecameabundant.Greenalgaeweregenerallymostabundantduringthesummer;blue-greenalgae,duringlatesummerandearlyfall.Analysisofspatialdistributionshowedthat,abundancesweregenerallyloweroffshorethanonshore,anobservationsupportedbytheresultsofotherresearchersonLakeOntario'".LongshoretrendsindicatedagenerallyhigherphytoplanktonstandingcropwestofUnit1comparedtoothertransects,andthiswasattributedtotheinfluenceoftheOswegoRiver,whichaffectsthisareamorethantheotherstations,4~'.Sincechlorophyllaiscommontoallphytoplanktontaxa,itisregularlyusedasanindicatorofphytoplanktonstandingcrop'.Generally,valuesintheNineMilePointvicinitywerehigherduringthespringandsummerthanduringthefall,butwithineachyearthenumberofpeaksvaried'hlorophyllawaschosenforexaminationoflong-termtrendsbecausethetechniquesusedtocollectandanalyzethedatadidnotchangesignificantlyoverthe6-yrdurationoftheprogram;consequently,thetrendsexhibitedshouldberelatedtochangesinthecommunitystandingcropratherthantomethodology.Thelong-termtrends,asindicatedbychlorophyllaconcentrations,denotedacyclicpattern,withlowvaluesoccurringduring1975and1978andhighestvaluesduring1974'.Theremaining3yr(1973,1976,and1977)demon-stratedintermediatevalues.Annualtemperaturecycles,incombinationwithannuallightcycles,havebeenreportedasbeingresponsibleforthegrossseasonalchangesinphytoplanktoncommunities'~"'.NodefiniterelationshipbetweenwatertemperatureandchlorophyllaconcentrationswasfoundfortheNineMilePointvicinity.Similarspeciesandseasonalpatternswereobservedeachyear,and2.4-22 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSnoapparentchangesinabundanceorpopulationstructurewereattributedtoplantoperations.2.4.2.1.2MicrozooplanktonLakezooplanktonareseparatedintotwogroupsbasedonsize,withmicrozooplanktonrangingfrom76to571umandmacrozooplanktonlargerthan571um.Atotalof51generawereidentifiedfromthemicrozooplanktonsamplingprogramconductedfrom1973through1978.Rotiferswerethemostnumeroustaxa.Manyofthesamespeciesoccurredeachyear,andthecommongenerareportednearNineMilePointwerealsoreportedtobecommoninLakeOntarioandtheGreatLakesingeneral.ThissectiondiscussesthethreemajortaxapresentintheNineMilePointvicinity:rotifers,cladocerans,andcopepods.Thedominantgeneraofeachgroupareasfollows:RotifersCladoceransKeratellasp.Brachionussp.Trichocercasp.Pleosomasp.~Dahniasp.Bosminasp.~chdorussp.CopepodsStrongseasonaltrendswereevidentinallstudies,withthemaximummicrozooplanktontotalabundanceoccurringinJuneorJulyandsecondarypeakseitherinthespringorfall'.Rotifersand,morespecifically,Keratellasp.weretypicallythedominantgroup,exceptduringthefallwhencrustaceans(cladoceransandcopepods)sometimesdominated.Microzooplanktonabundanceswereloweratoffshorestationsthanatnearshorestations'.Watson'~'ndPatalas'describedsimilarresultsintheirstudies.Noconsistentlongshoretrendswereevidentforthemajorgroups;thatis,overseveralyears,noonetransectshowedeitherhigherorlowerabundancethananyother.Themicrozooplanktoncommunityobservedeachyearwassimilar,withvariationsbetweenyearscausedbyageneralreductionofallcomponentsofthecommunityratherthanareductionofaspecificcomponent'.Themeanmi-2.4-23 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLScrozooplanktonabundance(indicativeofthestandingcrop)increasedthroughoutthefirstfourstudyyears(1973-1976),butdroppedsignificantlyin1977and1978.Thisdecreasecorrespondstoageneralreductioninwatertemperature(increasedcloudcover,lesssolarinput).Thereducedtem-peratureduringthisperiodmayhaveaffectedthemi-crozooplanktonstandingcropeitherdirectly,bycausingareductionintheirreproductionand/orgrowth,orindirectly,byreducingtheirprimaryfoodsource,thephytoplankton.Noeffect,ofoperationofthegeneratingstationswasobservedinmicrozooplanktonabundanceorcom-munitystructure.2.4.2.1.3MacrozooplanktonMacrozooplankton,definedasinvertebrateanimalplanktonlargerthan571um,communitystructure,andtemporal/spatialdistributionintheNineMilePointvicinitywereinvestigatedduringthe1973through1978studyperiod.Atotalof26generafromthephylaCoelenterata,Platyhelminthes,Aschehelminthes,Mollusca,Annelida,andArthropodawererepresented,withthearthropodclassesIn-sectaandCrustaceacontributingthegreatestnumberofgenera'.Thedominanttaxaarelistedasfollows:HydrozoaCrustaceaInsecta(Diptera)Chaoborussp.Chironomidae~Dahniasp.Limnocalanussp.Cyclossp.Gammarussp.M~sissp.Quantitativeevaluationofthemacrozooplanktoncommunityisextremelydifficultbecauseofthebehaviorofthespeciesinvolvedandtheirnormaltemporalandspatialcycles'uantitativeestimatesarefurtheraffectedbyretentionofspecificorganismsbythesamplinggearandlossofmanyoftheyoungthroughthecollectionnet.Therefore,toevaluatethetrendsoverthe6-yrperiod,threedominantDiptera)arediscussed.primaryconstituentofthemacrozooplankton)wasbasically2.4-24 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSunimodal,withpeaknumbersoccurringinlatesummer'emporalvariabilitywascausedbydieltrendsandlocalhy-oftheyear,withcopepodsandamphipodscontributingsub-stantialnumbers'uringearlyspringandlatesummer/fall,respectively.Concentrationsoftheselectedtaxatypicallyincreasedwithdepthandweremoreabundantinthenearshorestationsthanteransweremoreabundantatnightthanduringtheday(4142)Althoughspatialdistributionwasvariable,Gammarusabun-dancetendedtoincreasefromwesttoeastinthestudyarea,reflectingthesubstratepreferencesofthistowardthewesternendofthestudyarea,buthighconcen-trationswerealsonotedimmediatelytotheeastofUnit1.Dipterans,likeGammarus,tendedtobemoreabundantateasternthanwesterntransects.Onalong-termbasis(1973through1978),Gammarusanddip-teranconcentrationsinthewatercolumnconsistentlyde-creasedfromyeartoyearatalldepthcontours;by1977Gammarushadessentiallydisappearedfromthewatercolumnduringtheday'.However,Gammarusabundanceinbenthiccollectionsshowednoconsistentchangesduringthesametimeperiod(Section2.4.2.1.5).Concentrationsof~Le-todoraconsistentlyincreasedasGammarusdeclined.reductioningrazingpressureduetolocallyreducedfishstocks(Section2.4.2.1.6).Itispossiblethatlocalen-vironmentalchangeswereselectiveagainstGammarus,butbenthicdatashowednoconsistentreductionsintheirabundance.Withreferencetooverallabundanceofmacrozooplankton,thesedatadonotsupportanyconsistentlong-termchangesattributabletopowerplantoperation.2.4.2.1.4IchthyoplanktonIchthyoplanktonrepresentthevertebrateportionofthemacrozooplanktoncollectionandincludeeggs,larvae,andjuvenilefish.Thespeciescompositionandspatial/temporaldistributionofichthyoplanktonintheNineMilePointareawereinvestigatedfrom1973through1978.Atotalof31speciesofichthyoplankton(eggsand/orlarvae)wereidentified,ofwhichll,includingthebluegill,smallmouthbass,whitebass,andwalleye,wererare'~'.Thedominant2.4-2S NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSspeciesintheareathroughoutthestudyperiodwerealewife,rainbowsmelt,andtoalesserdegreethreespinesticklebackandyellowperch.AlewifespawningtakesplacealonggravellyorsandyshallowareasinLakeOntariobetweenAprilandJune'~~'.Broadcastatrandom,theeggsaredemersalandessentiallynon-adhesive.Therainbowsmeltmigrateinshoretospawninstreamsornearthelake'sshoreduringAprilorMay.Eggsaredemersal,adhesive,andhatchin2to3weeks,afterwhichgrowthisfairlyrapid.Boththethreespinesticklebackandyellowperchprefershallowwaters.Theyellowperchspawnsduringspring,usuallynearrootedaquaticvegetationtowhichtheeggmassescanadhere.Thesticklebackspawnslaterinshallowwater,preferablyoverasandybottom'"Theseasonalpatternofichthyoplanktoninvolvedthesucces-sionofthreegroupsofspecies:theearlysprin'ggroupgroupdominatedbyrainbowsmelt(Osmerusmordax);andthelatespring/summergroupdominatedbyalewife.Peakconcen-trationsofeggsandlarvaecoincidedwiththeoccurrenceofthelatespring/summergroupandconsistedprimarilyofalewifelarvae'nalysesofselecteddominanttaxa(alewifeandrainbowsmelt)indicatedthatalewifeeggsweremostabundantinbottomsamplescollectedfromnearshorewatersatnight.Rainbowsmelteggswererareinthestudyareaandoccurredprimarilyinsurfacewaters.Sincesmeltspawningtypicallyoccursatthebottomofstreamsoralongtheshoreline,theeggscollectedwithinthearea,particularlyatthesurface,mostlikelyweredislodgedfromtheirnaturalhabitatbystrongcurrentsorstorms.Fertilityoftheseeggswasnotdetermined.Thelarvaeofrainbowsmeltandalewife,predominantlypost-yolk-sacphase,weremoreabundantatnightthanduringtheday.Whilealewifelarvaeweremoreabundantinsurfacewaters,rainbowsmeltlarvaeweremoreabundantinmid-depthandbottomwaters.Therewasnoconsistenteast/westpat-terninthedistributionofalewifeorrainbowsmeltlarvaeSpatialvariabilityforboththealewifeandtherainbowsmeltwasminimalbetweenthe6-m(20-ft),12-m(40-ft),andoffshorecontours'.Seasonaldistributionofalewifeandsmeltremainedsimilarineachofthe6yr,withpeakabun-dancesinJuneandJuly,respectively.2.4-26 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTheyearlymeanlarvalconcentrationreportedintheNineMilePointvicinityfromMaythroughNovemberincreasedthroughoutthestudyperiod'.Exceptforaslightde-creaseinsmeltlarvalabundancein1975,boththealewifeandsmeltlarvaeshowedincreasingabundancesfrom1974through1978.Thus,basedonthemaintenanceofadiversespeciesinventoryandanincreasingstockofthetwodominantlarvalspecies,theoperationofthegeneratingstationshasnoobservableimpactontheichthyoplanktoncommunity.2F4.2.1.5BenthicOrganismsPeriphytonandinvertebratepopulationsinhabittheLakeOn-tariobottom,residingeitheron(epifaunal/epifloral)orwithin(infaunal)thesubstratum.InLakeOntario,seasonalenvironmentalchangesinfluencethedepositionofbottomsedimentswhich,inturn,affectsthespatialdistributionoftheorganismsthathavespecificsubstraterequirementsforburrowingorfeedingactivities.Thebottominthestudyareaischaracteristicallybedrock,withvaryingamountsofrubble,sand,andsilt.Sandandsilttypicallyrepresentedlessthan10percentofthebottomsubstrateoftheNMPWandNMPPtransects,whileitoftenrepresented80to90percentofthesubstrateattheNMPEandFITZtran-sects(SeeSection6.5.2.1forstationlocations).Acumulativemacroinvertebratespeciesinventoryfortheperiod1973through1978showedalargediversityofbenthicinvertebrates,including124generafrom11phyla'ligochaetewormsanddipteranlarvaewerethedominantforms.Thestudiesshownochangesinbenthictaxaoverthe6yrperiod'patialvariabilitybetweentransectsdifferedbytaxon.AmphipodaandPlatyhelminthesabundancesweresimilarforeachtransecteachyear,whileNematoda,Gastropoda,andPelecypodaabundanceswereconsistentlyhighestandlowestattheNMPEandNMPPtransects,respectively.Diptera,Polychaeta,andOligochaetashowedvariablespatialdis-tributionoverthe6-yrstudy.Theincreasedabundances,particularlyoftheNematoda,Gastropoda,andPelecypoda,attheeasternmosttransect(NMPE)probablyrelatetothepredominantlysoftsubstrate,whichismoresuitableforsupportingtheinfaunalformsthanisthehardsubstrate,whichismorecharacteristicoftheNMPPtransect'axon-specific,long-term(1973through1978)trendsweredemonstrated.Exceptforanincreasedabundancein1974,Oligochaetaabundancesremainedsimilarthroughout.thestudy2.4-27 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSperiod.Amphipodaabundancesalsoremainedconstant.Gastropoda,Nematoda,Diptera,andPlatyhelminthesvaried,butdemonstratednosingulartrendorpopulationshift.MeanPelecypodaabundancedecreasedthroughoutthestudywiththelowestabundancesoccurringattheNMPPtransect;mostlikelyattributabletothelossofsuitablehabitatforthisinfaunaltaxon.Thebottomsubstrate(predominantlybedrock)attheNMPPtransectwasnotcapableofsupportingtheburrowingPelecypoda.Thesebenthicdynamicsindicateviableandpersistentcommunities,withnotrendtowardanomalousdeclinesorincreasesindensities.Samplingoftheperiphytoncommunitywasconductedfrom1973through1978.SpeciesassemblagesattachedtoglassorPlexiglassubstrateslocatednearthesurfaceandatthebottomwereidentifiedandenumerated.Theperiphytonspeciesinventoryisextensive,indicatingadiverseandviableassemblageofperiphyticalgaeintheNineMilePointvicinity'.Theperiphytoncommunitywascomposedprimarilyofdiatomsinthespring,greenand/orblue-greenalgaeduringthesummermonths,anddiatomsagaininthefall.Whilenotidentifiedandenumerated,protozoa,primarilyciliatesandsuctorians,werecommoncomponentsoftheperiphytoncommunity,particularlyatthegreaterdepthswherelightintensitywaslower.Thepatternofalgalsuccessionwassimilarforboththephytoperiphytonandthephytoplanktoncommunitiesandtyp-icalofconditionsintemperatewaterbodies.Thepresenceofarelativelylargeblue-greenalgalcomponentisconsistentwithreportsofincreasingeutrophicationofLakeOntario,particularlyinthenearshorewaters'~.SeasonalgrowthpatternsofthebottomperiphytoncommunityindicatedpeakbiomassduringJulyorAugust,dependingonwatertem-peratureanddepth.Bottomperiphytonbiomassandchloro-phyllavaluesdecreasedasthedepthcontoursincreased,butnoconsistentpatternwasdiscernibleamongthefourtransectstested'.Increasedbiomassonartificialsurfacesubstratesat,theNMPPandFITZtransectsismostlikelyaresultofastimulatoryeffectoftheCoolingwatersystemdischargemixingzone'hespeciescompositionandstandingcrop(biomassandch-lorophylla)oftheperiphytoncommunityhaveremainedrelativelyconstantoverthe6-yrstudyperiod.Thevariousgroupsofperiphytonshowedsomespatialvariabilityamongthetransects;however,theseasonalfluctuationsfarex-ceededthespatialvariabilityandweretypicalofthosedescribedinotherlong-termstudies'.Thus,theperi-2.4-28 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSphytoncommunity,wascomposedofadiverseassemblageofor-ganismswithadynamicseasonalvariabilitythatwasmuchmoreextensivethanthespatialorlong-termtemporalvariabilityobserved.2.4.2.1.6FishThefishcommunityofLakeOntariohasundergonemajorchanges,beginningbefore1850andcontinuingtothepresent.Thecommunitycanbedescribedasunstableanddominatedbyexoticspeciesthatwereeitheraccidentallyorpurposelyintroduced.Thecommerciallyimportantdeep-waterassemblageofsalmonidshasbeenlost,andmanyotherspeciesaregreatlyreducedinabundance.Pesticideshaveenteredthelakeandproducedunacceptablyhighconcen-trationsinanumberofcommerciallyandrecreationallyim-portantspecies.Inrecentyears,largenumbersofsalmonidshavebeenstockedinthelaketopreyupontheabundantalewivesandproduceasportfishery.Atotalof82specieswerecollectedfromLakeOntarioduringaquaticsurveillanceprogramsconductedfrom1972through1981.Thefollowinginformationrepresentsasummaryoftheresultsoffishsamplingconductedduringthisperiodoneightofthesespeciesidentifiedasre-presentativeandimportant.bytheEPA:alewife,rainbowsmelt,yellowperch,whiteperch,smallmouthbass,cohosalmon,browntrout,andthreespinestickleback.Limiteddatawereobtainedonthreespinestickleback,browntrout,andcohosalmonbecausefewspecimensofthesespecieswerecollected..Thissummaryconcentratesontherelativeabun-danceandtemporalandspatialdistributionoftheaforemen-tionedspeciesinthevicinityofNineMilePoint.Site-specificlifehistoryinformation,includingageandgrowthstudies,fecundity,coefficientofmaturity,andfoodhabits,isavailableintheannualreports'lewife(Alosaseudoharenus)AlewifeintheNineMilePointareaexhibitedseasonalaswellasdielvariationsindistributionandabundance.Alewifeweremoreabundant,duringspringandsummerthanduringthefallorwinter.Thebottomgillnetsindicatethatalewiferemainsinshoreofthisdepthduringitsspring/earlysummerspawningperiod'3~'.Longshoredis-tributionindicatesthatalewifeutilizetheentireshorelineduringtheirspawningperiodandshownopreferenceordependenceonanygivenarea.2.4-29 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSGillnetsamplingatfourtransectsinthevicinityofNineMilePointprovidesabasisforexaminingthetrendinrelativeabundanceofalewifefrom1973through1981'herewasadeclineinalewifeabundanceatNineMilePointafterapeakin1974.Thisdecreaseisreportedtobealakewidephenomenonasaresultofheavyalewifemortalityduringthewinterof1974-1975.Gillnetcatchesfrom1980and1981indicatethatthepopulationhasrecovered.RainbowSmelt(Osmeru'smordax)Thevast,majorityofadultrainbowsmeltfromtheNineMilePointareawerecollectedbysurfaceandbottomgillnets.Trawlandseinecollectionscaughtfewrainbowsmelt.Theverylowabundanceofthisspeciesinseinecol-lectionssuggeststhatspawningisnotoccurringinthelit-toralareanearNineMilePoint.ScottandCrossmanreportedthatrainbowsmeltintheGreatLakesspawninstreamsor,underadverseweatherconditions,intheoff-shoreareasongravelshoals.ThepredominanceofbedrockandlargecobblebottomsubstratewithintheNineMilePointvicinitylimitthisareaforsmeltspawning.Thereisnoconsistentpatterninthecatchratebetweendepthcontoursortransects,indicatingthattherainbowsmeltmovefreelywithintheNineMilePointarea.Thebottomgillnetsfishedconsistentlyfrom1973through1981indicatepeaksinabundancein1974and1981,withlowabundancesin1975and1980'.Thepeaksin1974and1981coincidewiththepeaksinalewifeabundanceduringthis9-yrperiod.Yellowperchareabletotolerateawidevarietyofenviron-mentalconditionsandare.acommerciallyvaluablespeciesintheGreatLakesandelsewhere.Theyaregenerallyfoundinwaterlessthan9.2m(30ft)deepandaggregateinschoolsof50-200individualsofapproximatelythesamesize'".GillnetsamplingintheNineMilePointvicinityindicatedpeaksinabundanceofyellowperchin1974and1981andlowabundancein1977,exceptforthe5-m(16-ft)depthcontour'.The5-and9-m(16-and30-ft)depthstationsshowedthegreatestabundanceofyellowperch,reflectingtheirpreferenceforshallowwater.Therewasnoconsistentpatternintheabundanceofyellowperchamongtransects.ThevastmajorityofyellowperchcollectedinthevicinityofNineMilePointwasobtainedinbottomgillnets'.4-30 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSYellowperchwereobtainedinJulythroughSeptember,notcoincidentwiththetimingoftheirreproductivebehavior(April).Thissuggeststhatspawningdoesnottakeplaceinthearea.Between1972and1976,4,107yellowperchweretaggedinthevicinityofNineMilePointtodeterminetheirdistributionandmovements.ReturnsshowedregularseasonalmovementsbetweentheNineMilePointareaandtheeasternendofLakeOntario.Duringfall,yellowperchmovedeast-wardfromNineMilePoint,andconcentratedintheareaofSandyPond,wheretheyoverwinteredandprobablyspawnedthefollowingspring.Inspring,theymovedwestwardalongthesouthshoreofthelakeandwererecapturedintheNineMilePointareaingreatestnumbersfromJunethroughOctober.WhitePerch(Moroneamericana)Whiteperchareacommonbrackish-waterspeciesinthenor-theasterncoastalareaofNorthAmerica.NotanativeoftheGreatLakes,thisspeciespresumablygainedaccesstoLakeOntarioviatheOswegoRiver,resultingfromHudsonRiverpopulationsmovingnorthwardandwestwardthroughtheMohawkRiverandErieBargeCanal'hiteperchweregenerallymoreabundantatthe5-and9-m(16-and30-ft)stationsthanatthedeeperstations.Theywereabundantintheeastsideofthestudyarea,par-ticularlyin1973and1974whenoverallabundancewashigh.Whiteperchweremoreabundantnearthebottomthanatthesurfacethroughoutadielcycle.Althoughseasonaldis-tributionwasexhibitedinthedaycollections,summernightcollectionswerelargerthaneitherspringorfallnightcollections.Gillnetsamplingfrom1973through1981showedapeakinabundancein1974,withlowerbutstableabundancefortheremaining7yr'mallmouthbassaredistributedinNorthAmericafromsouthernCanadatoAlabamaandwesttoOklahoma'.ItisanimportantsportfishandpiscivoreinthenearshorewatersofIakeOntario.IntheNineMilePointarea,smallmouthbasswerecollectedalmostexclusivelywithbottomgillnets.Comparedtootherabundantspecies,thecatchrateofsmallmouthbasshasal-waysbeenquitelow,althoughtheywerefoundinthenear-shoreareaandinimpingementcollections.Catchesatthe5-,9-,and12-m(16-,30-,and39-ft)contourswerecon-2.4-31 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSsistentlygreaterthanatthe18-m(59-ft)contour,reflect-ingthenearshoredistributionofthisspecies.Therewasnoconsistentpatterninthecatchratewhentransectswerecompared.Gillnetcatcheswereconsistentlyhigherduringthesummerthanduringspringandfall'.Thesamplingfrom1973through1981indicatesatrendofdecreasingabun-dancethrough1979,withincreasingabundancesrecordedfor1980and1981'hreesinestickleback(Gasterosteusaculeatus)ThethreespinesticklebackiswidelydistributedinfreshandmarinewatersofNorthAmerica,rangingfromChesapeakeBaynorthtotheHudsonBayregion.Althoughthreespinesticklebackarerelativelyabundant,inimpingementsamples,theyarenotcollectedinlargenumberswiththefishinggearemployedatNineMilePoint;therefore,thereareverylimiteddataavailablefortheNineMilePointvicinity.Thetotalnumbersofthreespinesticklebackcollectedbyvariousfisherygear-atNineMilePointfrom1973through1978(samplingin1979through1981usedonlythebottomgillnetwhichdoesnoteffectivelycollectthisspecies)werehighestduring1976and1978;however,therewasnodiscernibletrendinabundanceovertheyearsofsampling'~~'.ThecohosalmonisananadromousspeciesoccurringnaturallyinthePacificOceanandinriversthatdrainnorthwesternNorthAmerica.AttemptstoestablishthisspeciesintheGreatLakeswereunsuccessfuluntilthe1960s'"'NYSDECannuallystockscohosalmoninNewYorkStatetributarystreamsofLakeOntario.Only223cohosalmonwerecollectedatNineMilePointwithvariousfisherygearfrom1973through1981'.Theyweremostabundantin1975andwerenotcollectedatallin1977through1981'hisisattributedtoareductioninthesam-plingeffortstartingin1979andareductionincohostock-ingbyNYSDECsubsequentto1975.Becauseofthesmallnum-bercollected,nodistributionalorseasonaltrendsweredetermined.BrownTrout(Salmotrutta)ThetotalnumberofbrowntroutcollectedatNineMilePointbyvariousfisherygearfrom1973through1981was587.Browntroutweremostabundant,in1975,reflectingthe2.4-32 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSstockingrate.Thereisnoobvioustrendintheabundanceofbrowntrout."overtheyearsofstudy.Thelowcatchin1977and1979through1980istheresultofreducedsamplingeffort.Becauseofthelownumberscollected,nodis-tributionaltrendsweredemonstrated;however,theyweretypicallypresentwithinthestudyareathroughouttheyear(39)~ExistingandPlannedMan-InducedManipulationsAffectinFishPoulationThereareanumberoffactorsthatmaysignificantlyaffecttheaquaticbiotaofLakeOntariothroughtrophicinteractions.Pastspeciescompositionchangesareat-tributedtothedestabilizinginfluenceofoverfishing.Commercialfishingisnowgreatlyreducedfrompastlevels,butinconjunctionwithotherfactorsitapparentlyhasproducedsomeeffects'lthoughthesechangeshavebeenoc-curringoveralongperiodoftime,thereis.noindicationthat,thefishcommunityhasstabilized.Anumberofexoticspecieshavebeensosuccessfulthattheynowdominatethefishcommunity.Thereintroductionofsalmonidshasproducedahighlysuc-cessfulsportfisheryandshouldhelpcontrolalewifeabundance,whichhassometimesbeenanuisanceproblem.EcologicalsuccessioninthefishcommunityofLakeOntariohasbeenalteredbyman.ThewaterqualityofLakeOntarioisgenerallygoodandapparentlywouldbeadequatetosup-porttheoriginalfishstocksiftheywerestillabundant.Thereare,however,localizedareasofpollution;thediscoveryofunacceptablyhighlevelsofmirexinfishin-dicatesthatwaterqualitymaybeinfluencingthefishcom-munityinunknownways.Basedonthelong-termtrendsestablishedoverthe9yrofstudypresentedintheprecedingsections,powerplantsre-presentaminorinfluenceonthelakeaquaticcommunity.Thermaldischargesareahighlylocalizedeffectthatmayaffect,localizedseasonalfishdistribution,butnocon-sistentspecies-specificdistributionwasidentifiedwiththethermaldischarges.Directmortalityasaresultofimpingementandentrainmenthashadnoappreciableeffectonthefishpopulationsasdemonstratedbylong-termabundances.Naturallyoccurringseasonalandyearlycyclesaccountformostofthevariabilityobserv'edinthemonitoredaquaticcommunities.2.4-33 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSEndaneredSeciesChristie'listed10speciesofLakeOntariofishbelievedtobeextinctorgreatlyreducedinabundance:LakesturgeonAtlanticsalmonBlackfincisco(Ontariobloater)LaketroutShortnoseciscoBloaterKiyiBurbotBluepikeFourhornsculpinSalmosalarLotaiotaStizostedionvitreumglaucumMoxocehalusuadricornisThebluepikeistheonlyspeciesfromLakeOntarioontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService'slistofendangeredandthreatenedwildlife'.TheAtlanticsalmonandblackfinciscowereextincthe'rebefore1900andthefourhornsculpinhasnotbeenreportedsince1953'.Thelaketroutpopulationhasbeenbolsteredbystocking,butthepresentconditionofthestockisnotknown.Theremainingspecies,whileinlowabundanceinLakeOntario,persistinabundanceinotherwatersandthereforearenotconsideredthreatenedorendangeredspeciesbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeService.Atonetime,thesespecieswereimportantconstituentsofthelake'sfishcommunity.Burbot'ndlake'routaretheonlyspeciesonChristie'slistthathavebeencollectedinlakeandplantsamplinginthevicinityofNineMilePoint.Theestimatedtotalnumberimpingedannuallyhasbeenlessthan100foreachspeciesateachplant.Inaddition,burbotweretakeninlownumbersinentrainmentsampling.Thislowlevelofmortalityisnotbelievedtobeathreattothesespeciesand,infact,theoccurrenceofthesespeciesinplantsamplingatUnit1andtheJAFplantmayindicateanincreaseinabundanceofthesespeciesinthelake.Literatureonthegeneral,biologyoftheendangeredspeciesinLakeOntarioandthefisherysamplingatNineMilePointindicatethatthisareaisnotofuniqueimportancetothesespecies.Arecoveryofthepopulationsnowinlowabundancemaybepossibleinthefutureforsome'pecies.ThebiologicalrequirementsofthesespeciesaresuchthattheeffectsofpowerplantoperationatNineMilePointwould2.4-34 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSnotpreventtherecoveryofthesespeciesifothercon-ditionswerefavorable.CommercialandSort.Fisheriesof'LakeOntarioCommercialfisheryandsportfishinginLakeOntariohaveun-dergonemajorchangeswiththereductioninabundance(and,insomecases,extinction)ofmanyimportantspeciesandtheintroductionofexoticgamespecies'.Species.com-positionchangeshaveshiftedtheemphasisofthecommercialfisheryfromonethatreliedonrelativelysmallnumbersoflarge,valuablefishtoafisherythatcaptureslargenum-bersofsmall,lowervaluefish.Awidevarietyofspeciesaretakeninsportfishingatvarioustimesandlocationsaroundthelake.Centrarchids,especiallythesmallmouthbass,aswellasyellowperch,catfish,bullheads,andwhiteperchareprobablytakenbysportfishermenoverabroadarea.Rainbow'trout,northernpike,andmuskellungeareimportantinrestrictedareas.Thewalleyewasonceanabundantandpopularsportfish,especiallyinthe1950s;however,itdecreasedinabundanceafter-1959andisjustrecentlyreturningtoitspreviouslevels.Recently,largenumbersofsalmonids,includinglaketrout,splake,cohosalmon,chinooksalmon,At.'.anticsalmon,steel-headtrout,andbrowntrouthavebeenstockedinthelaketotakeadvantageofthefoodbase.providedbythealewifeandtocreaterecreationalfisheries.Thecoho,chinook,andbrowntrout,havesurvivedwell,andanimportantsportfisheryonthesespecieshasdeveloped.NewYorkStatehasrecentlyconstructedalargehatcheryforsalmonproductionontheSalmonRiver,andlargenumbersofcoho,chinook,andsteelheadtroutwillbestockedinthefuture.2.4.2.2TransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasThefollowingdescriptionoftheaquaticecologyofthetransmissioncorridorisbasedontheArticleVIIAp-plicationfiledwiththeNewYorkStatePublicServiceCom-missionin1982'~~'ndonafieldreconnaissancesurveyconductedinOctober1981.Theonlyaquatichabitatspoten-tiallyaffectedarethosethatabutorarecrossedbytheexistingtransmissioncorridor,whichwillbeutilizedforthenewtransmissionlinefromUnit2totheVolneySub-stationsite(Section3.7)'hilethetransmissioncorridorcrossesseveralwetlandhabitats,drainageditches,andintermittentstreams,there2.4-35 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSareonlytwoprominentaquatichabitatsencountered:anun-namedstream(andtributaries)designatedOntario62byNYSDEC,andtributariesofBlackCreek(Ontario66).Figure2.4-4showsthelocationsofthesestreamsinrelationtothetransmissioncorridor.Allstreamsencoun-teredhavebeendesignatedClassDbyNYSDEC.ClassDwatersarenotconsideredtobeconducivetothepropagationoffish;howev'er,thewatersmustbesuitableforfishsurvival'ovingsouthwardfromUnits1and2alongthetransmissionroute,thefirststreamencounteredisthemainchanneloftheunnamedstreamdesignatedOntario62(Figure2.4-4).Thisstream,withseveralsmallbranchesoriginatingnearHammond'sCorner,drainsthefarmandpasturelandtothesouthandflowsintoLakeOntarioattheendofLakeviewRoad.Thetransmissionroutecrossesthestreamabout0.5km(0.3mi)northofMinerRoad.Atthislocation,thestreamflowsthroughexistingdouble1.2-m(48-in)culverts.Duringthe1981fieldreconnaissanceperformedbyStoneEcWebsterEngineeringCorporation,itwasnotedthatseveralacreswerefloodedupstreamoftheculverts.InApril1977,streamthroughtheculverts.NYSDEChasnotedthatanysmallstreaminthisareamayhaverainbowtroutinthespringandbrowntrout(S.trutta)inthefall'~.Averysmallbranchofthestream(Ontario62-3)iscrossedtwicebythetransmissionlinefarthertothesouth,onceabout,0.7km(0.4mi)southofMinerRoadwhereitflowsthroughaculvert.InOctober1981,thisstreamwasveryshallow(about5cm[2in]deep)andlessthan1m(3ft)across.Itiscrossedagainabout0.1km(0.06mi)northofMiddleRoad,atwhichpointnoflowsarelikelyduringdryperiods.Noinformationisavailableaboutthebiotaofthisbranchofthestream.ThesecondareaofaquatichabitatalongthetransmissionrouteisoneofthemaintributariesofBlackCreek(Ontario66-2).BlackCreek,originatinginVolneyandSouthScriba,flowsintotheOswegoRivernorthofFulton.Atthepointwhereitiscrossedbytheexistingandfuturetransmissionlines(about0.1km[0.06mi]northofO'ConnerRoad),thetributaryflowsthroughadredgedchannel.WhenviewedinOctober1981(followingaperiodofrain),thestreamwasabout2.4m(8ft)wide,15cm(6in)deep,andflowedatarateofabout30to60cm/sec(1to2fps).Thebottomconsistedofgravelandsilt.TrouthavebeenreportedtooccurinthissectionofBlackCreek'~~'.2.4-36 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSouthofO'ConnerRoadandnorthofHallRoad,anothertributaryofBlackCreek(Ontario66-2-6)flowsthroughaditchalongthecenteroftheexistingtransmissionlinecorridor,providing,drainageforsurroundingfarmandpastureland.InOctober1981,thisditch(about1.8m[6ft]deep)containedastreamabout1.2m,(4ft)wideand13cm(5in)deep.NoinformationisavailableonthebiotaofthistributaryofBlackCreek.TherearenootherprominentaquatichabitatsalongthetransmissionroutefromUnit2totheVolneySubstation.Allotherareasthatwereobservedtocontainwaterweresmall'intermittentwetlands,streams,anddrainageditches.Noneofthesearelikelytosupportanextensivefishcommunity,butprobablyprovidebreedingandnurseryareasforsomeamphibiansandinsects.Noaquaticspeciesonthefederallistofendangeredandthreatenedspecies'areknowntoinhabittheaquatichabitatscrossedbythetrans-missionroute'.4-37 NineMilePointUnit2ER-'LS2.4.3ReferencesBieber;A.;Bollenbacker,M.K.;Brown,J.D.;Dillon,T.A.;Dosch,D.;Elliott,C.J.;Giordano,'.;Meier,P.T.;andSmith,G.A.HabitatandWildlifeInventory:GuidetoCoastalZoneLands,OswegoCounty,NewYork.~RiceCreekBiologicalFieldStation,BulletinNo.4,1976.2.Gotie,R.P.PortOntarioHarborTerrestrialVertebrateStudy.New.YorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,BureauofWildlife,CortlandOffice,NY,1977.3.OntarioMinistryofNaturalResources.NapaneeDistrictLandUseStrategy:BackgroundInformation,MinistryofNaturalResources,1980.TelephonecommunicationbetweenT.Humberstone,WildlifeOfficer,OntarioMinistryofNaturalResources,andG.Jacob,StoneEcWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,August4,1981.5.FishandWildlifeService.ListofEndangeredandThreatenedWildlifeandPlants.Republication,U.S.DepartmentofInterior,44FR3635-3654,January17,1979.6.LetterfromP~Hamilton,U.S.FishandWildlifeServices,DepartmentofInterior,Cortland,NY,Septem-ber24,1982.7.TelephonecommunicationbetweenR.Mitchell,NewYorkStateBotanistandG.Jacob,Stone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,October13,1982.8.Burt,W.H.andGrossenheider,R.P.FieldGuidetotheMammals.HoughtonMifflinCompany,Boston,MA,1964.9.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.EnvironmentalReport,.NineMilePointNuclearStation,Unit2,ConstructionPermitStage,1972.10.TelephonecommunicationbetweenA.Hicks,NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,EndangeredSpeciesUnit,Delmar,NY,andG.Jacob,StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,December2,1981.Mohr,C.E.TheStatusofThreatenedSpeciesofCave-DwellingBats'ulletin,NationalSpeleologicalSocietyVol.34,No.2,p33-47.2.4-38 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIS12.Fenton,B.andDowns;C.M.AStudyofSummerPopulationsoftheEndangeredIndianaBat,~Motissodalis,nearWatertown,NewYork.NYSDECWildlifeResourceCenter,Delmar,NY,1980.13.PersonalcommunicationbetweenGaryJacobs,Stone6Web-sterEngineeringCorporation,andJackMoser,WildlifeResourceCenter,NewYorkDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,Delmar,NY,December21,1982.14.15.TelephonecommunicationbetweenP.Nye,NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,EndangeredSpeciesUnit,andG.Jacob,Stone&WebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,April9,1982.EndangeredSpeciesUnit.NewYork'sBaldEagleRestorationProject.NewYorkStateDepartmentofEn-vironmentalConservation,DivisionofFishandWildlife.PamphletFW-P137(7/80),1980.16.TelephonecommunicationbetweenP.Bague,CornellUniversityPeregrineReleaseProgram,'ndG.Jacob,Stone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA.17.Smith,G~A.andMuir,D.G.DerbyHillSpringMi-grationUpdate,TheKingbirdVol.28,No.1,1978,p5-25.18.Conant,R.A.FieldGuidetoReptilesandAmphibiansofEasternNorthernAmerica.HoughtonMifflinCompany,Boston,MA,1958.19.DivisionofFish6Wildlife.SignificantWildlifeHabitatsinNewYork.NewYorkStateDepartmentofEn-vironmentalConservation.Nodate.20.Odum,E.P.FundamentalsofEcology,ThirdEdition.W.B.SaundersCo.,Philadelphia,PA,1971.21.ArticleVIIApplicationforProposedNineMile2-Volney765-kVTransmissionFacility,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,March1978.22.AmendedArticleVIIApplicationforProposedNineMile2-Volney345-kVTransmissionFacility;NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,April1982.2.4-39 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OZS23.TelephonecommunicationbetweenR.P.Gotie,NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,CortlandOffice,andG.Jacob,StoneEcWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,December7,1981.24.LetterfromV,.GannonandM.Corey,OswegoCountyEn-vironmentalManagementCouncil,Oswego,NY,December8,1981.25.LetterfromR.P.Gotie,NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,BureauofWildlife,CortlandOffice,NY,November6,1981.26~TelephonecommunicationbetweenJ.Proud,NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,CortlandOffice,andG.Jacob,StoneEcWebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,December3,.1979.27.Quirk,Lawler6MatuskyEngineers.1973NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies-NineMilePointGeneratingStation.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthority.oftheStateofNew-York,1974.28.Lawler,MatuskyScSkellyEngineers.1974NineMilePoint,AquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1975.29.Lawler,MatuskyEcSkellyEngineers.1975NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1976.30.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.1976NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.2Vols.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1977.31.TexasInstruments,Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1977AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1978.32.TexasInstruments,Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1978AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1979.2.4-40 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS33.TexasInstruments;Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1979AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1980.34.TexasInstruments,Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1980AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1981.35.TexasInstruments,Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1981AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1982.36.,Reinwand,J.F.PlanktonicDiatomsofIakeOntario.InLimnologicalSurveyofLakeOntario,1964.GreatLakesFish.Comm.Tech.Rept.,1969,Vol~14,p19-26.37.Nalewajko,C..CompositionofthePhytoplanktoninSur-faceWatersofLakeOntario.J.Fish.Res.Bd.Can.,1966,Vol.23,p1715-1725.38.Nalewajko,C.PhytoplanktonDistributioninLakeOntario.Proc.10thConf.GreatLakesRes.,1967,p63-69.39.40.Munawar,M.andNauwerck,A.TheCompositionandHorizontalDistributionofPhytoplanktoninLakeOntarioDuringtheYear1970.Proc'4thConf.GreatLakesRes.,1971,p69-78.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudySummary(1973-1981).PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1982.41.Munawar,M.;Stadelman,P.;andMunawar,I.F.PhytoplanktonBiomass,SpeciesComposition,andPrimaryProductionataNear-ShoreandaMid-LakeStationofLakeOntarioDuringIFYGL~Proc.17thConf.GreatIakes,-1974,p629-652.42.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.316(a)Demon-strationSubmission:NPDESPermitNY0001015:NineMilePointUnit1.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1975.2F4-41 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS43.Lawler,MatuskyScSkellyEngineers.JamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant316(a)DemonstrationSubmission:PermitNY0020109.PreparedforPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1977.Smith,G.M.TheFresh-WaterAlgaeoftheUnitedStates.2ndEdition.McGrawHillBookCo.,NewYork,1950.45.Hutchinson,G.E.ATreatiseonLimnology.ChapterII.IntroductiontoLakeGeologyandLimnoplankton.JohnWileyandSons,Inc.,NewYork,1967.46.Watson,N.H.F.andCarpenter,G.F.SeasonalAbun-danceofCrustaceanZooplanktonandNetPlanktonBiomassofLakesHuron,ErieandOntario.J.Fish.Res.Bd.Can,1974,Vol.'31(3),p309-317.47.Patalas,K.CompositionandHorizontalDistributionofCrustaceanPlanktoninLakeOntario.J.Fish.Res~Bd.Can.,1969,Vol.26,p2135-2146.48.Scott,W.B.andCrossman,E.J.FreshwaterFishesofCanada.Fish.Res.Bd.Can.Bull.,1973,Vol.184.49.Stoermer,E.F.;Bowman,M.M.;Kingston,J.C.;andSchaedel,A.L.Phytoplankton.CompositionandAbundanceinLakeOntarioDuringIFYGL.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,EnvironmentalMonitorSer.,1975,Vol.'60/3-75-004.50.Boesch,D.F.;Wass,M.L.;andVirnstein,R.W.TheDynamicsofEstuarineBenthicCommunities.InM.Wiley(ed.),EstuarineProcesses.Vol.I;Uses,Stresses,andAdaptationtotheEstuary.AcademicPress,NewYork,1976.51.Storr,J.F.'akeOntarioFishTagReportSummary1972-1976.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1977.52.Scott,W.B.andChristie,W.J.TheInvasionofLowerGreatLakesbytheWhitePerchRoccusamericanus(Gmelin).J.Fish.Res.Bd.Can.,1963,Vol.20(5),p1189-1195.53.Hubbs,C.L.LakesRegion.MI,1958.andLagler,K.F.FishesoftheGreatUniversityofMichiganPress,AnnArbor,2.4-42 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS54.Christie,W.J.AReviewoftheChangesintheFishSpeciesCompositionofLakeOntario.Great;LakesFishComm.Tech.Rept.,1973,No.23.55.U.S.FishandWildlifeService.ListofEndangeredandThreatenedWildlife.50CR17.11and43FR58031,Decemberll,1978.56.NewYorkClassificationandStandards,Part701,Title6,OfficialCompilationofCodes,RulesandRegulations;amendedFebruary21,1974;September20,1974.Copyright1975,BureauofNationalAffairs,Inc.2.4-43

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-1PHYLOGENETICSPECIESLISTOFPLANTSRECORDEDDURING1979FIELDSURVEYUNIT2SITEANDENVIRONS~l'ycopodiaceaePolypodiaceae""al"Onocleasensibilis-SensitivefernPinaceaeTsucsacanadensis-CanadianhemlockGramineae-GrassesCyperaceaeCarexspp.-SedgesAraceaeJuncaceae~Scirusspp.-RushesLiliaceaeSmilacincaracemosa-FalseSolomon'ssealTrilliumsp.-Trillium'~'alicaceae~poulusstremuloides-QuakingaspenSalixnickers-Blackwillow1of4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-1(Cont)Juglandaceae~Caraspp.-HickoryCorylaceaeAinussp.-AlderBetulaalleheniensis-YellowbirchIHR"-~Carinuscaroliniana-Ironwood(Americanhornbeam)Fagaceaemm9-"guercusvelutina-BlackoakUlmaceaeCeltisoccidenta's-HackberryPolygonaceaeRumexacetosella-SheepsorrelHamamelidaceaeRosaceaeAmelanchiersp.-ShadbushPotentillacanadensis-DwarfcinquefoilPrunusserotina-BlackcherryMalussp.-AppleRubusspp.-BlackberryOxalidaceaeOxalissp.-Woodsorrel2of4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-1(Cont)AnacardiaceaeRhusradicans-PoisonivyRhus~thing-gtaghornsumacAceraceaeAcerAcerAcerAcersaccharum-Sugarmapleennslvanicum-Stripedmaplerubrum-Redmaplesaccharinum-SilvermapleBalsaminaceaeVitaceaeVitissp.-GrapeUmbelliferae~Dauuscarota-Wildcarrot(QueenAnne'slace)CornaceaeComusamomum-SilkydogwoodOleaceaeFraxinusamericana-WhiteashVerbenaceaeVerbenasp.-VervainScrophulariaceaeLinaria~lqaris-Toadflax(butter-and-eggs)gerbascum~thasus-CommonmulleinVeronicaofficinalis-CommonspeedwellRubiaceaeMitchella~reens-Partridgeberry3of4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-1(Cont)CaprifoliaceaeViburnumacerifolium-Maple-leavedviburnumViburnumdentatum-ArrowoodCompositaeAmbrosiaartemisiifolia-RagweedAsterspp.-AsterErechtiteshieracifolia-PilewortChrsanthemumleucanthemum-Ox-eyedaisySolidacpoaltissima-TallgoldenrodSeealsoReference1,Table2.'~'PlantprotectedbyNewYorkStateEnvironmentalConserva-tionLaw,Section9-1503.Theseplantsmaynotbepicked,plucked,severed,removed,orcarriedawaywithoutconsentofthepropertyowner(NMPC).4of4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE24-2SUMMARYOFOVERSTORYVEGETATIONEARLYSECOND-GROWTHFORESTCOVERTYPE-TRANSECT1Malussp~puulustremuloidesAppleQuakingaspenTreeSeciesScientificNameCommonNameFraxinusamericanaWhiteash58.118.616.222426717962.5390.945427.2RelativeDensityDensity~stemslhepsegueucyRelativeFrequency~t50024.9149Dominance(BasalArea)m~/ha5.491681.26631193144171262845.51766173116.05RelativeDominanceImportanceMeandbhValue~cm-=~testeeussp.Hawthorn692663181990273119.91143Total99.899m7879992994

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OlSTABLE24-3SUMMARYOFOVERSTORYVEGETATIONMIXEDFORESTANDSHRUBLANDSCOVERTYPE-TRANSECT2TreeSeciesScientificNameCommonNameRelativeDensityDensity~stemsIhapreGuencyRelativeFrequencyDominance(BasalArea)m~/haRelativeDominanceImportanceMeandbhValue~cm1'runusserotinaAcersaccharumMalussp.~PoulustremuloidesBlackcherrysugarmapleAppleQuakingaspenFraxinusamericanaWhiteash35022510012.510.0155.099744355.4443405030202020251510102-21.923.570.620.7221.218.534.45.96.976266059.428.426.9135815653203119914.34TsucSacanadensisEasternhemlock251108100666313.827.68~serousvelutinaBlackoakBetula~oulifoliaGraybirchUnknown252.511081108110810101004401301042120.91178784226012.191092Total100010010.3699.5299.5

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE24-4SUMMARYOFOVERSTORYVEGETATIONMIXEDHARDWOODFORESTCOVERTYPE-TRANSECT3TreeSeciesScientificNameCommonNameRelativeDensityDensity~stems/naprefuencfRelativeFrequencyDominance.(BasalArea)m~/haRelativeDominanceImportanceMeandbh-Value-.~cmQ--Acersaccharum~PolostremuloidesSugarmapleQuakingaspen159124.3545477373.090.9'4.52076.7482024.5298106766.437072904FraxinusamericanasetulaWhiteashYellowbirch13.610606.853127227210310.33292-8011910.135.827.219912603~acausfrandifaliaBeech4535.2182693.9814425835.94setulaBocullitffooliifasSalixniciraAcesrunrmaGraybirchBlackwillowRedmaple685312217.2221722729.09010334341800450206.5160.7236726.3209118.2812.19Total99.799.8274699.52990

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-5SMALL-MAMMALTRAPPINGRESULTSMammaI~Parceacus~leucous(White-footedmouse)~Parceacus~manuelous(Deermouse)~Zaushudsonicus(Meadowjumping-mouse)MicrotusennsIvanicus(Meadowvole)Tamiasciurushudsonicus(Redsquirrel)Transect1No./100llo,~Tranihs20.830.8310.41Transect2No./100No~Tranihts1.25TransecNo./100No.~rranlhts41.662.50Transec4No./100No~Tranihs0.83Percent~oomosiion30401510KEYTOTRANSECTS:1=Earlysecond-growthforest(24.9$)2=Transmissionline(15.0$)3=Mixedhardwoodforest(50.0$)4=Openfield(9.9g,)1of1 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2'-6MAMMALIANSPECIESANDMAJORHABITATASSOCIATIONSINOSWEGOCOUNTYCOASTALZONE~1976<<~~seciesHolesMatureseedsIntermediatewoodsShrub-landsNewFieldAquatic~eetlaadsHairytailmolec~,~>Starnosemole<a,~lShrewsMaskedshrew<<,z>SmokyshrewN.watershrewThompson'spygmyshrewLeastshrewShorttailshrew<~,>>BatsSilver-hairedbat<<,>>Keen'myotis<<>Small-footedmyotisE.Pipistrelle<<>Redbat<<~Littlebrownmyotis<<,~~Bigbrownbat<<~Hoarybat<>>IndianamyotisCarnivoresShorttailweasel<<~~>Longtailweasel<<,~>Mink<<>Redfox<<,~>Grayfox<<~BobcatCoyoteRiverotterXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX~XXXX1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-6(Cont)~saniesSuirrelsandRelativesMatureWeedsIntermediateWoodsshrub-landsNewFieldAquatic~WetlandsRedsquirrel<<,>>E.graysquirrel<<,~~E.chipmunk<<,~>S.flyingsquirrel<<>N.flyingsquirrel<<>MiceVolesandRatsWoodlanddeermouse<<~Prairiedeermouse<<~White-footedmouse<<,~>Woodlandjumpingmouse<<,~>Meadowjumpingmouse<~~~>Meadowvole<~,>>Borealredbackvole<>,~>Pinevole<<>HousemouseandNorwayrat<<~XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXAssociatedwithhumanhabitatsMiscellaneousE.cottontail<<,~>Snowshoeharestripedskunk<<,~~Porcupine<<,>>Muskrat<<,>>Virginiaopossum<<,~>Woodchuck<<,i>Beaver<<iWhitetaildeer<<,~~Raccoon<<,~~XXXXXXXXXXX<<~Specieslikelytooccurin1.6-km(1-mi)radiusofUnit2.<<~DesignatesspeciesthatwerecapturedorobservedduringOsweqoinventory.SOURCE:Reference12of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-7GAMEANDFURBEARERSPECIESOFIMPORTANCEINOSWEGOCOUNTY-CommonNameGameSeciesScientificNameEstimatedHarvest1980-81<>>EasterncottontailRuffedgrouseWoodcockGraysquirrelVaryinghareRing-neckedpheasantRaccoonRedfoxGrayfoxCoyoteCommonsnipeVirginiarailSorarailGallinuleCrowWhite-taileddeerCanadagooseBonasaumbellus~ScoloaxminorSciuruscarolinensis~LeusamericanusPhasianuscolchicus~Proconlotor~vulesfulva~UroconcinereoarenteusCanislatranssp.RalluslimicolaPorzanacarolinaCorvusbrachrhnchosBrantacanadensis69,64257,97011,28372,36520,62014,39539,6842,3342,3343892.72300(380)(2)31,903(2,575)'pproximately28speciesofwaterfowl90,262(15,141)~3iFurbearerSeciesMinkMuskratBeaverRiverotterRaccoonStripedskunkRedfoxGrayfoxMustelavisonOndatrazibethicaCastorcanadensisLutracanadensis~ProconinterM~ehitis~mehillis~Vulesfulvaproconcinereoarenteus2,897111,435(322)(2)(8)(2>23,4163,5304,3073.3711of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-7(Cont)CommonNameScientificNameEstimatedHarvest1980-81~~~CoyoteFisherBobcatOpossumCanislatrans,sp.Martenpennanti~Lnxrufus(26)<a(19)(2)(0)(2)5,703GamespeciessurveyareaincludestheLakePlainphysiographicregionwithinRegion7of'YSDEC.FurbearerspeciessurveyareaincludesallofRegion7.'SurveyareaincludeslicensedtrappersinOswegoCountyonly.'WaterfowlharvestedinOswegoCounty.NOTE:Importancedefinedbyprotectionthroughregu-latedhuntingandtrappingseasonsestablishedbyNYSDEC.SOURCES:References2and252of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-8CHECKLISTOFAVIANSPECIESANDTHEIROCCURRENCEINOSWEGOCOUNTYCOASTALZONE~saniesCommonNameSeasonaIStausGavaimGavast~Podcesmerellata~riseenaauritus~odices~Podces~PodImbusFulmarusglaciallsPhalacrocoraxcarboPhalacrocoraxauritus~lxobl'usexiIis~pieadisI'alcinellus~CnasolorOlorcolumbianusBrantacanadensisBrantaberniclaChencaerulescensAnaslatrhnchosAnas~rabriesAnas~streeraAnasacutaAnascreccaAnasdiscorsAnasamericanaAnasc~ieatsAx~sonsa~At~haamericana~AshcoIaris~AshvaIsineria~Ashmarla~AshaffnisA~tea~rulula~Bhais~clanulauce~BucehaleIsIandiceArdeaherodiasButorides~sria<<sFloridacaeruleaBubulcusibisCasmerodiusaIbus~Ere'thule~ndramassatricolor~Noticorex~notIcoraxCommonloonRed-throatedloonRed-neckedgrebeHornedgrebePied-billedgrebeNorthfulmarfulmarBrownpelicanGreatcormorantDouble-crestedcormGreatblueheronGreenheronLittleblueheronCattleegretGreategretSnowyegretLouisianaheronBlack-crownednightLeastbitternAmericanbitternGlossyibisHuteswanWhistlingswanCanadagooseBrantSnowgooseMaIlardBlackduckGadwallPintailGreen-wingedtealBlue-wingedteaIAmericanwidgeonNorthernshovelerWoodduckRedheadRing-neckedduckCanvasbackGreaterscaupLesserscaupTuftedduckCommongrackIeBarrow'goIdeneye1of7orantheronWWBWWBBBBWBWBWWW88WWWWWWMHMMMHMMMMHMMMMMMMMMMMMHMMHMMMHVVVSSVSVVSVV,V

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-8(Cont)~seciceCommonNameSeasonaIStatusCharadrCharadrusmelodususvociferussdominicas~suatarolaPulviaPuIviaArenara~inerresPhilohelaminor~B<<cehalaalbeola~clanula~bemaisHistrionicushstrionicusSomateriamolIssmaBomateria~sectablieMelanttadecelandHelanttaersicIlata~Melanta~nira~Oxuradamecensis~Lohodtes~cucullaus~uerus~mersneer~HerusserrarorCathartesaura~CoragpsatratusElanoidesforficatus~coccierCentilie~acctter~stra<<s~Ac<<ier~cooerii~BueoJamaicensisButeolineatusButeo~latterusButeoswainsoniButeo~laous~A<<ila~chrsaetosHaIiaeetusleucocehalusCircus~canonsPandionhaliaetusFaleo~rusicolusFaleo~ererinusFaIcocolumbariusFaleo~server<<sBonasaumbellusPhasianuscolchicusGruscanadensisRalluslimicolaPorzanacarolinaGaIlinula~chlorousFulicaamericanaCharadrBuffleheadOldsquawHarlequinduckCommoneiderKingeiderWhite-wingedscoterSurfscoterBlackscoterRuddyduckHoodedmerganserCommonmerganserRed-breastedmerganserTurkeyvultureBlackvultureSwallow-tailedkiteGoshawkSharp-shinnedhawkCooper'shawkRed-tailedhawkRed-shoulderedhawkBroad-wingedhawkSwainson'hawkRough-leggedhawkGoldeneagleBaldeagleHarshhawkOspreyGyrfaIconPeregrinefalconMerlinAmericankestrelRuffedgrouseRing-neckedpheasantSandhiIIcraneVirginiaraiISoraCommongallinuleAmericancootSemipaImatedploverPipingploverKiIldeerAmericangoldenploverBlack-belliedploverRuddyturnstoneAmericanwoodcock2of7WWWWWWWW8W8W8W8W8WW88W888W88MHMMHHHHMHMHHMHHHMHMMHHHHVVVVVSSV

,

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-8(Cont)CaladrCaIadrs~can<<uss~mariimaCaladrsmelanotosCaladrsfuscicollisCaladrsbairdiiCaladrsminutiIlaCatadrs~alnaCaladrspuslieCaladrsmauriCaladrsalbaLmnodromasgracusmnodromus~socleaccus~croalama~bimaho<<snitessubruficolIisLmosafedoaLmosahaemastica~phalarousa<<iicarius~steanoustrcolor~LobeslobetusSrercoraruspomarinusStercorarusgarasiticusStercorarus~lonicaudusLarus~barbarousLarusgiaucodesLarusmarinusLaresa~rentatusLarus~haeriLarusdelawarensisLarusridbundusLarvaa~reiial.arus~ixcanLarusa~in<<usRssa~tridactlaSternaforsteriSternahirundoSterna~casla~seciet~caellagaalllilnnaaocllumenius~haec<<sBartramia~lonicauda~acismacularia~Trnasoliteria~Trnamelanoleuca~Trna~ala<<iesCaotrohorussemialmatusCommonNameCommonsnipeWhimbreIUplandsandpiperSpottedsandpiperSolitarysandpiperGreateryellowlegsLesseryellowlegsWilletRedknotPurplesandpiperPectoralsandpiperWhite-rumpedsandpiperBaird'ssandpiperLeastsandpiperDunlinSemipalmatedsandpiperWesternsandpiperSanderlingShort-billeddowitcherLong-billeddowitcherStiltsandpiperBuff-breastedsandpiperHarbledgodwitHudsoniangodwitRedphalaropeWilson'sphalaropeNorthernphalaropepomarinejaegerparasiticjaegerLong-tailedjaegerGlaucousgullIcelandgullGreatblack-backedgulIHerringgullThayersgullRing-billedgullBlack-headedgullLaughinggullFranklin'sgulIBonapartesgullLittlegullBlack-leggedkittiwakeForster'sternCommonternCaspiantern3of7SeasonaIWWWWWW8HHHHHHHHHMMHMHHHHHHMHMHMHHHHHMMHHMHMMatusVVVSSSVVSSS

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-8(Cont)~aeciceCommonNameSeasonalStatusChlidonias~nierColumbaliviaZenaidamacroura~Cocczusamercanus~cocozusethrothelmusOtusasioBubovairinianus~Hcteascandiaca~SrixvariaAsootusAsoflammeusA~colusfunereusA~eoliusacadicus~oarimul<<svociferusChoreilesminorChaetura~ciaicaArchilochuscolubris~Nescarle~aleon~colatesa~ura<<s~arocous~teaus~xelanerescarolines~nelanereserthreesholus~ShraicosvariusPcodesviIlosusPco'despubescensPcodesarct.icusT~rannus~trannusN~iarchuscrinitus~Saornisphoebe~Emdonaxvrescens~zmdonaxtrailIii~Emdonaxanotem~zmdonaxmnimusContousvirensNuttaIlornisborealis~Eremobile~alesris~Tridorocnebicolor~Riaria~riariaHirundorusticaPetrochelidonRzrrhonota~Pronesubis~danceita~crisaaBlackternRockdoveHourningdoveYellow-billedcuckooBlack-billedcuckooScreechowlGreathornedowlSnowyowlBarredowlLong-earedowlShort-earedowlBorealowlSaw-whetowlWhippoorwillCommonnighthawkChimneyswiftRuby-throatedhummingbirdBeltedkingfisherCommonflickerPileatedwoodpeckerRed-belliedwoodpeckerRed-headedwoodpeckerYellow-belliedsapsuckerHairywoodpeckerDownywoodpeckerBlack-backedthree-toedwoodpeckerEasternkingbirdGreatcrestedflycatcherEasternphoebeYellow-belliedflycatcherAcadianflycatcherWillowflycatcherAlderflycatcherLeastflycatcherEasternwoodpeweeOlive-sidedflycatcherHornedlarkTreeswaIlowBankswaIlowRough-wingedswallowBarnswallowCliffswallowPurplemartinBluejay4of78R8W88W8WWW8888W888W8W88888888W888888WMMMMMMMHMMMMMMMMMHMHMHMMMMMMSVVV

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-8(Cont)~secietCorvuscoraxCorvusbrachrhnchosParushudsonicusParusbicolorSittacarolinensisSittacanadensisCerthiafamiliarisTrotirlodessedan~Trolodes~trolodtesCistothorusgalusrrisN'mus~ollotrusDumetellacarolinensisToxostomarufumTurdus~miratorius~Hlocichla~muselinaCatharusgunatusarus~ustula<<sCathCatharusminimusCatharusfuscescensS>algas>al<s~soiotilecaeruleaRetiulus~satraa~ReuluscalendulaAnthus~sinoletta~BombciIlagarrulus~BombciIlacedrorumLaniusexcubitorLaniusIudovicianusurnus~vulariaflavifrons~soIsriusolvaceushladelhicusStVreoVreoVreoVreoVreogilvus~mnotilIavariaProtonotariacitreaHelmitherosvermivorusvermIvora~chrsoteraVermivoraginus~ermvora~ererinaVermvoracelataVermvora~ruricaiIlaParulaamericana~ThrothorusludovicianusCommonNameCommonravenCommoncrowBlack-cappedchickadeeBoreaIchickadeeTuftedtitmouseWhite-breastednuthatchRed-breastednuthatchBrowncreeperHousewrenWinterwrenCarolinawrenLong-billedmarshwrenMockingbirdGraycatbirdBrownthrasherAmericanrobinWoodthrushHermitthrushSwainson'sthrushGray-cheekedthrushVeeryEasternbluebirdBlue-graygnatcatcherGolden-crownedkingletRuby-crownedkingletWaterpipitBohemianwaxwingCedarwaxwingNorthernshrikeLoggerheadshrikeStarlingYellow-throatedvireoSolitaryvireoRed-eyedvireoPhiladelphiavireoWarblingvireoBlack-and-whitewarblerProthonotarywarblerWorm-eatingwarblerGolden-wingedwarblerBlue-wingedwarblerTennesseewarblerOrange-crownedwarblerNashvillewarblerNorthernparula5of7SeasonaI8W8WW8W8W8W8W888W8888W88888WW8WWR8HMMMMHHHHMHHMHHHHHHHHHHMHHHHHHMMHHHHHHHHMMausVVV

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-8(Cont)~SaniesCommonNameSeasonalStatusOendrocaDendrocaOendrocaOendrocaceruleafuscadominicaOendrocacastaneaOendroca~aristaDendroOendrocagenuscadiscolorOendroicapalmarumSeurusnoveboracensisSeurusmotaciIla~Cornos~ailis~GeothlistrchasWilsoniacitrinauilsoniapusillaWilsoniacanadensis~SetohaeruticiliePasserdomesticus~polionxo~rzivorusSturnella~manaSternelie~neleca~AetnausphaeniceusIcterus~sur<<s~lcerusgalouis~suha<<scarolfnusguiscalusguisculaMolothrusater~reranaolvaceaCardinaliscardinalis~PheonicosIidovicianusPasserine~canes~SIzaarnericanaG~arodacus~urursusG~arodacusmexicanusOendrocapetechiaOendroca~manolleOendroca~irinaOendrocacaerulescensOendroicacoronataDendroicavirensYellowwarblerMagnolia~arblerCapeHaywarblerBlack-throatedbluewarblerYellow-rumpedwarblerBlack-throatedgreenwarbIerCeruleanwarblerBlackburnianwarblerYellow-throatedwarblerChestnut-sidedwarblerBay-breastedwarblerBlackpolIwarblerPinewarblerPrairiewarblerPalmwarblerOvenbirdNorthernwaterthrushLouisianawaterthrushConnect,icutwarblerMourningwarblerCommonyellowthroatHoodedwarbIerWilson'swarblerCanadawarblerAmericanredstartHousesparrowBobolinkEasternmeadowlarkWesternmeadowlarkRed-wingedblackbirdOrchardorioleNorthernorioleRustyblackbirdCommongrackleBrown-headedcowbirdScarlettanagerCardinaIRose-breastedgrosbeakIndigobuntingDickcisselEveninggrosbeakPurplefinchHousefinch6of7W888888R88W88W88W8W888W8WHHHMHHHHMHHMHMHHHHHMMHMVVVVVV

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-8(Cont)~eeciesPinicolaenucleatorCarduelishornemanniiCarduelsflammeaCarduelspinusCarduels~trisisLoxiacurvirostratoxin~leucoera~PiileerthrohhalmusPasserculussandwichensisAmmodramussavannarumAmmodramushenslowii~AmmosizacaudacutaPooecetesramineusdunce~hemaIis~SzeIIaarocres~szeIlapasserine~stellapalIida~azelapusiIlazonotrchapuerulaZonotrcha~leucohrsZonotrchaalbicolIisPasserellaiIiaca~neioszaIinconil~neiosiza~eorana~helotizamelodaCalcarius~laonicusPlectrohenaxnivalisCommonNamePinegrosbeakHoaryredpollCommonredpollPinesiskinAmericangoldfinchRedcrossbillWhite-wingedcrossbillRufous-sidedtowheeSavannahsparrowGrasshoppersparrowHenslow'ssparrowSharp-tailedsparrowVespersparrowDark-eyedjuncoTreesparrowChippingsparrowClay-coloredsparrowFieldsparrowHarris'ssparrowWhite-crownedsparrowWhite-throatedsparrowFoxsparrowLincoln'ssparrowSwampsparrowSongsparrowLaplandlongspurSnowbuntingWMWM8WHWHWM8H8H8H8H8M8WHWM8H8MMH8WHMH8H8WHWHWVSeasonaISausrWMKEY:R=Resident8=BreederW=WintererSOURCE:Reference1H=VS=MigrantVagrantSummeringnonbreeder7of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE24-9GENERALIZEDHABITATASSOCIATIONSOFMAJORBREEDINGSPECIESINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2LakeOntarioLittoralandShoreKilldeerSpottedsandpiperBeltedkingfisherBankswallowRough-wingedswallowBarnswallowPied-billedgrebeLeastbitternAmericanbitternCanadagooseMallardBlackducksarsaesBlue-wingedtealMarshhawkVirginiarailSoraCommongallinuleCommonsnipeOtherWetlandsBlackternLong-billedmarshwrenCommonyellowthroatRed-wingedblackbirdSwampsparrowPied-billedgrebeGreenheronAmericanbitternCanadagooseMallardBlackduckBlue-wingedtealWoodduckTurkeyvultureMarshhawkVirginiarailCommongallinuleAmericanwoodcockCommonsnipeBeltedkingfisherAlderflycatcherRed-wingedblackbirdSwampsparrowSwamWoodlandsandVeWetWoodsWoodduckScreechowlBarredowlOtherWoodlandsNorthernwaterthrustSharp-shinnedhawk<>>CoopersshawkRed-tailedhawkBroad-wingedhawkRuffedgrouseScreechowlGreathornedowlRuby-throatedhummingbirdPileatedwoodpeckerRed-belliedwoodpeckerRed-headedwoodpeckerHairywoodpeckerDownywoodpeckerGreatcrestedflycatcherLeastflycatcherEasternwoodpeeweeBluejayBlack-cappedchickadeeWhite-breastednuthatchRed-breastednuthatch<<>BrowncreeperWinterwren<<>WoodthrushVeeryBlue-graygnatcatcherGolden-crownedkinglet<>>Yellow-throatedvireoRed-eyedvireoBlack-and-whitewarblerBlack-throatedgreenwarblercilCeruleanwarblerBlackburnianwarbler<<>PinewarblerOvenbirdHoodedwarblerCanadawarblerAmericanredstartNorthernoriolescarlettanagerRose-breastedgrosbeak1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.0-9(Cont)ShrublandsRed-tailedhawkAmericankestrelRing-neckedpheasantAmericanwoodcockMourningdoveYellow-billedcuckooBlack-billedcuckooRuby-throatedhummingbirdCommonflickerDownywoodpeckerWillowflycatcherBluejayHousewrenGraycatbirdBrownthrasherAmericanrobinCedarwaxwingGolden-wingedwarblerBlue-wingedwarblerYellowwarblerChestnut-sidedwarblerCommonyellowthroatCardinalIndigobuntingRufous-sidedtowheeDark-eyedjuncoChippingsparrowWhite-throatedsparrowSongsparrowActiveFarmlandsandAssociatedAreasRed-tailedhawkAmericankestrelRing-neckedpheasantKilldeerUplandsandpiperMourningdoveCommonflickerEasternkingbirdEasternphoebeHornedlarkTreeswallowBarnswallowPurplemartin<>>CommoncrowHousewrenAmericanrobinEasternbluebirdStarlingWarblingvireoYellowwarblerCommonyellowthroatHousesparrowEasternmeadowlarkRed-wingedblackbirdCommongrackleBrown-headedcowbirdAmericangoldfinchSavannahsparrowGrasshoppersparrowHenslow'ssparrowVespersparrowChippingsparrowPieldsparrowResidentialandDeveloedAreasRockdoveCommonnighthawkChimneyswiftEasternphoebeAmericanrobinstarlingHousesparrowRed-wingedblackbirdCommongrackle<>>Presentonlyinmixedareaswithhemlockand/orotherconiferspresent.<<>Presentonlyinmixedareaswithpinepresent.c>>Breedsonlyadjacenttowater.SOURCE:Reference12of2

NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10HABITATASSOCIATIONSFORAVIANSPECIESOCCURRINGDURINGNONBREEDINGSEASONSINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2~SeciesLakeOntarioWet-Wood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasCommonloonRed-throatedloonRed-neckedgrebeHornedgrebePied-billedgrebeDouble-crestedcomorantGreatblueheronGreenheronCattleegretGreategret.Black-crownednightheronLeastbitternAmericanbitternWhistlingswanCanadagooseBrantSnowgooseMallardBlackduckGadwallPintailGreen-wingedtealBlue-wingedtealAmericanwidgeonNorthernshovelerWoodduckRedheadXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX1of10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10(Cont)~SeciesLakeOntarioWet-Wood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasRing-neckedduckCanvasbackGreaterscaupLesserscaupCommongoldeneyeBarrow'sgoldeneyeBuffleheadOldsquawKingeiderWhite-wingedscoterSurfscoterBlackscoterRuddyscoterHoodedmerganserCommonmerganserRed-breastedmerganserTurkeyvultureGoshawkSharp-shinnedhawkCooper'shawkRed-tailedhawkRed-shoulderedhawkBroad-wingedhawkRough-leggedhawkGoldeneagleBaldeagleMarshhawkOspreyPeregrinefalconMerlinXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXXX2of10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10(Cont)~SeciesLakeOntarioWet-Wood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasAmericankestrelRuffedgrouseRing-neckedpheasantVirginiarailSoraCommongallinuleAmericancootSemipalmatedploverPipingploverKilldeerAmericangold-enploverBlack-belliedploverRuddyturnstoneAmericanwoodcockCommonsnipeWhimbrelUplandsandpiperSpottedsandpiperSolitarysandpiperGreateryellowlegsLesseryellowlegsRedknotPurplesandpiperPectoralsandpiperWhite-rumpedsandpiperBaird'ssandpiperXXXXXXXX'XXXXXXX3of10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS~SeciesTABLE2.4-10(Cont)LakeOntarioWet-Wood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasLeastsandpiperDunlinSemipalmatedsandpiperWesternsandpiperSanderlingShort-billeddowitcherStiltsandpiperBuff-breastedsandpiperHudsoniangodwitRedphalaropeWilson'sphalaropeNorthernphalaropePomarinejaegerParasiticjaegerGlaucousgullicelandgullGreatblack-backedgullHerringgullRinged-billedgullFranklin'gullBonaparte'sgullLittlegullBlack-leggedkittiwakeForster's.ternCommonternCaspianternBlackternXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX4of10XXXX

NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10(Cont)~seciesLakeOntarioShoreWet-LandsWood-LandsShrub-LandsFarm-DevelopedLandsAreasRockdoveMourningdoveYellow-billedcuckooBlack-billedcuckooScreechowlGreathornedowlSnowyowlBarredowlLong-earedowlShort-earedowlSaw-whetowlWhippoorwillCommonnighthawkChimneyswiftRuby-throatedhummingbirdBeltedkingfishCommonflickerPileatedwoodpeckerRed-belliedwoodpeckerRed-headedwoodpeckerYellow-belliedsapsuckerHairywoodpeckerDownywoodpeckerEasternkingbirdXXXXXXXXXX(1)XX5of10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10(Cont)~SeciesLakeOntarioWet-Wood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasGreatcrestedflycatcherEasternphoebeYellow-belliedflycatcherTrail's(type)flycatcher'eastflycatcherEasternwoodpeeweeOlive-sidedflycatcherHornedlarkTreeswallowBankswallowRough-wingedswallowBarnswallowCliffswallowPurplemartinBluejayCommoncrowBlack-cappedchickadeeBorealchickadeeTuftedtitmouseWhite-breastednuthatchRed-breastednuthatchBrowncreeperHousewrenWinterwrenCarolinawrenLong-billedmarshwrenXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX6of10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10(Cont)~SeciesLakeOntarioWet-Wood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasShort-billedmarshwrenMockingbirdGraycatbirdBrownthrasherAmericanrobinWoodthrushHermitthrushSwainson'sthrushGray-cheekedthrushVeeryEasternbluebirdBlue-graygnatcatcherGolden-crownedkingletRuby-crownedkingletWaterpipitCedarwaxwingNorthernshrikeLoggerheadshrikeStarlingYellow-throatedvireoSolitaryvireoRed-eyedvireoPhiladelphiavireoWarblingvireoBlack-and-whitewarblerXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX7of10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10(Cont)~SeciceLakeOntarioNet-Mood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasGolden-wingedwarblerBlue-wingedwarblerTennesseewarblerOrange-crownedwarblerNashvillewarblerNorthernparulaYellowwarblerMagnoliawarblerCapeMaywarblerBlack-throatedbluewarblerYellow-rumpedwarblerBlack-throatedgreenwarblerCeruleanwarblerBlackburnianwarbler-Chestnut-sidedwarblerBay-breastedwarblerBlackpollwarblerPinewarblerPalmwarblerOvenbirdNorthernwaterthrushConnecticutwarblerXXXXXXXXXX8of10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10(Cont)~secieeLakeOntarioWet-Wood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasMourningwarblerCommonyellowthroatHoodedwarblerWilson'swarblerCanadawarblerAmericanredstartHousesparrowBobolinkEasternmeadowlarkRed-wingedblackbirdNorthernorioleRustyblackbirdCommongrackleBrown-headedcowbirdScarlettanagerCardinalRose-breastedgrosbeakIndigobuntingEveninggrosbeakPurplefinchPinegrosbeakCommonredpollPinesiskinXXXXXXXXXXX9of10 SI NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-10(Cont)~secieeLakeOntarioWet-Wood-Shrub-Farm-DevelopedShoreLandsLandsLandsLandsAreasAmericangoldfinchRedcrossbillWhite-wingedcrossbillRufous-sidedtowheeSavannahsparrowGrasshoppersparrowHenslow'ssparrowVespersparrowDark-eyedjuncoTreesparrowChippingsparrowFieldsparrowWhite-crownedsparrowWhite-throatedsparrowFoxsparrowLincoln'ssparrowSwampsparrowSongsparrowLaplandlongspurSnowbuntingXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXXXXPineplantations.'Includeswillowandalderflycatcher.SOURCE:Reference110of10

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-11ROADSIDECOUNTANDBREEDINGBIRDCENSUSFORAREASADJACENTTOUNIT2SITE,1976~secieeRoadsideCountTownofScriba(IndividualsObservedWalkerRailroadWestNineNileBayshoreBeachShrubBreedinBirdStriCensusIndividualshrScribaWoodsGreenheronHaIlardWoodduckRed-tailedhawkBroad-wingedhawkHarshhawkRuffedgrouseKiIldeerRockdoveHourningdoveCommonflickerHairywoodpeckerDownywoodpeckerGreat-crestedI'IycatcherEasternphoebeWillowflycatcherLeastflycatcherEasternwoodpeeweeTreeswaIlowBarnswallowPurplemartinBluejayCommoncrowBlack-cappedchickadeeHousewrenGraycatbirdAmericanrobinWoodthrushSwainson'sthrushVeeryCedarwaxwingStarlingYellow-throatedvireoRed-eyedvireoWarblingvireoBlackandwhitewarblerGolden-wingedwarblerYellowwarbler1341112252103112112262440311614171863460.80.30.30.30.30.30.50.30.20.50.80.50.50.30.50.30.60.60.50.50.50.50.50.63.63.61.52.10.12.70.40.92.10.31.40.36.01of20.20.21.00.32.01.01.22.02.70.80.60.65.62.49.62.64.42.01.00.57.41.01.03.82.01.01.03.01.02.02.02.01.01.04.01.01.06.02.01.01.01.01.02.01.02.03.03.02.01.01.05.05.02.04.02.01.03.02.06.0

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-11(Cont)~SeciesRoadsideCountTownofScriba(IndividualsObservedWaikerRaiIroadwestNineNileBayshoreBeachShrubBreedinBirdStriCensusIndividualshrScribaWoodsBlack-throatedgreenwarblerCeruleanwarblerRuby-throatedhummingbirdEasternkingbirdWhite-breastednuthatchBrownthrasherOvenbirdCommonyellowthroatHoodedwarblerAmericanredstartBobolinkEasternmeadowlarkHousesparrowRed-wingedblackbirdNorthernorioleCommongrackleBrown-headedcowbirdScarlettanagerCardinaIRose-breastedgrosbeakIndigobuntingPurplefinchAmericangoldfinchRufous-sidedtowheeSavannahsparrowDark-eyedjuncoChippingsparrowFieldsparrowWhite-crownedsparrowSwampsparrowSongsparrow462122210131094515781222120.30.51.32.30.30.31.12.30.50.30.50.50.51.00.50.30.30.52.11.00.81.82.00.310.41.02.01.03.00.81.02.01.01.02.08.02.01.02.02.01.01.03.02.05.02.09.04.02.01.02.01.02.03.03.01.01.01.01.03.0SOURCE:Reference12of2 I

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-12BIRDOFPREYNESTINGLOCATIONS~secieeLocationandCommentTurkeyvulturel.2.ButterflySwamp-PairpresentDeerCreekMarsh-PairpresentSharp-shinnedhawk2~3.MileaBeachWoods,northofAlcan-Pairpresent,defensebehavioragainstintrudersNoyesWoods-PairpresentKelleyRoadWoods-PairpresentCooper'shawk2.MileaBeachWoods-AdultfemalepresentButterflySwamp-Twoadultsatnestcontainingtwowell-grownyoung.Locatedinahemlockonolddunesinnorthernsection,atleastonefledged.Red-tailedhawk2.3.5.6.7.8.SnakeSwampWoods-Pairpresent,nestfoundMileaBeachWoods,nearCentralTealMarsh-Pairpresent,WalkerWoods-Pairpresent*ScribaWoods-Pairatnestcon-tainingtwowell-grownyoung*ShoreOaksWoods-PairpresentButterflySwampWoodFringePairpresentSageCreekWoods-PairpresentDeerCreekArea-TwopairspresentBroad-wingedhawkSouthBlindCreekCoveWoodsPairpresentMarshhawk1.2.DeerCreekMarsh-AdultfemalepresentSouthPondWetlands-Pairpresentatnestwiththreelargeyoung;AllyoungfledgedAmericankestrel2.CampHollisArea-PairpresentatnestWestCampusBrushlands-Pairpresent1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-12(Cont)~seciesLocationandCommentAmericankestrel(Cont)Screechowl3.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.1.2.3.EastOswegoShrublands-PairpresentCentralTealMarshFringe-PairpresentBayshoreShrublands-Pairpresent*PowerLineCorridor-Pairpresent*SouthMinerFarmArea-PairpresentatnestNorthNewHavenFarmlandsatDemsterBeach-PairpresentCentralButterflySwamp-PairpresentRose'sFarmlands-PairpresentEastSandyPondFarmlandsPairpresentSnakeSwamp-TwobirdspresentTealMarsh-OnebirdpresentNineMilePointWoods-Twobirdspresent*Greathornedowl1.2.3.5.SnakeSwamp-TwobirdspresentMileaBeachWoods-Twoadults,onefledgedyoungParkhurstWoods-Twobirdspresent*ShoreOaksWoods-TwobirdspresentSageCreekWoods-TwobirdspresentBarredowl1.HealthCampMarsh-Pairpresent2.ButterflySwamp-Pairpresent3.DeerCreekMarsh-Pairpresent,*ProximaltoUnit2site.NOTE:Nestingdefiniteonlywherenestfound;otherbreedingisassumedbyadultpresence.SOURCE:Reference12of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.II-13HERPETOFAUNACOMMONLYOCCURRINGINTHEOSWEGOCOUNTY,COASTALZONECommonName~ketilesSnappingturtleBogturtleWoodturtleSpottedturtleHapturtleMidlandpaintedturtleEasterspinysoftshellturtleRed-belliedsnakeNorthernbrownsnakeNorthernwatersnakeEasterngartersnakeEasternribbonsnakeEasternhognosesnakeNorthernringnecksnakeNorthernblackracerSmoothgreensnakeBlackratsnakeEasternmilksnakeTimberrattlesnake~AmhibiansMudpuppyRed-spottednewtBlue-spottedsalamanderJeffersonsalamanderDuskysalamanderAlleghenymountainsalamanderRed-backedsalamanderSlimysalamanderNorthernspringsalamanderFour-toedsalamanderSpottedsalamanderNortherntwo-IinedsalamanderAmericantoadScientificName~Cheldra~serentina~clemms~muhlenber~Clemms~nsculta~clemms,duutat:a~oraterns~eorahica~chrsemspietea~srinata~Trionx~siniferus~siniferusStoreriaocciitomaculataStorera~dekaHatrx~sedox~fhamnohssertalie~Thamnohssaur'tusHeterodon~latrhinos~OiadohispunctatusColuberconstrictor~Chondrsvernalis~ElaheobsoleteLamroeltisdoliataCrotalushorridusNectionusmaculosus~clementiusviridescensA~mbstomalateraleA~mbstoma'effersonianumPlethodoncinereusPlethodon~luinosusHemdactliun~scute<<mA~mbstomamacularum~EurceabislinearaBufoamericanus1of2OccurrenceonUnit2SiteorinAdacenEnvironsLikelyUnlikelyLikelyLikelyUnlikelyMostlikelyUnlikelyLikelyHostIikelyMostlikelyHostIikelyHostIikelyUnlikelyLikelyUnlikelyMostIikelyUnlikelyMostlikelyLikelyLikelyMostlikelyLikelyLikelyLikelyLikelyHostlikelyLikelyLikelyLikelyLikelyMostlikelyMostlikely

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-13(Cont)CommonName~nehibians(Cont)NorthernspringpeeperGraytreefrogWesternchorusfrogPickerelfrogNorthernleopardfrogBulIfrogGreenfrogWoodfrogScientificName~Hlacrucifer~HIaversicolorPseudacris~riseaaRane~sluerisRane~iiensRane~caesbeianaRanaclamitansRane~slvaticeOccurrenceonUnit2SiteorinAdacentEnvironsMostlikelyLikelyLikelyLikelyMostlikelyMostlikelyHostlikelyMostlikelyKEYTOOCCURRENCE:Hostlikely=RecordofspeciesonUnit2siteorsurroundingenvirons.Likely=GeographicrangeincludesOswegoCounty,andsuitablehabitatisavailable.Unlikely=GeographicrangeincludesOswegoCounty,butsuitablehabitatisunavailableornorecordofspeciesfromthecounty.SOURCES:References1and162of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-14COMMONVEGETATIONSPECIESLIKELYTOOCCURWITHINTHEUNIT2-VOINEY345-KVRIGHT-OF-WAYScientificNameCommonNameAinusspp.~PrusmalusMaluspumilaUlmusamericanaRubusspp.~CaracordiformisPrunusserotinaAroniaspp.SambucuscanadensisComusracemosaTsucSacanadensisViburnumtrilobumViburnumalnifolium~PoulusrandidentataViburnumacerifoliumViburnumlentaceo~PruscommunisRibesspp.ComusstoloniferaguercusrubraPinusresinosaAcerrubrumPicearubensAcersaccharinumAcersaccharumAmelanchierspp.Comusspp.Linderabenzoin~airaeaspp.AcerenslvanicumRbus~thingSalixspp.FraxinusamericanaAlderAppleAppleAmericanelmArrowwoodBeechBlackberryBitternuthickoryBlackcherryChokecherryChokeberryElderberryGraydogwoodHemlockHawthornHighbushblueberryHighbushcranberryHobblebushCreepingjuniperLarge-toothedaspenMaple-leavedviburnumNannyberryPincherryPearRibesRedosierdogwoodRedcedarRedoakRedpineRedmapleRedspruceSilvermapleSugarmapleServiceberrySilkydogwoodSpicebushSpiraeaStripedmapleStaghornsumacWitchhazelWillowWhiteash1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-14(Cont)ScientificNameCommonName~Thu'acccidentalisPinusstrobusBetulaluteaWhitecedarWhitepineYellowbirchSOURCES:References21and222of2

,4~

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE24-15PRELIMINARYVEGETATIONANALYSISSURVEYOFTHERIGHT-OF-WAYOFTHEUNIT2-VOLNEY345-KVTRANSMISSIONFACILITYLocation<<~1-13/413/40.10S,PWhiteashRedmapleEstimatedCoverAgeUndesirableSecticnsa>~screee~essaClass~Sanies413Desirablenensi~t~SaniesNannyberryElderberryHawthornMerchant-~neneitan~ilitNM13/4-22-21/22L1/221/2-321/2-31/431/4-33/433/433/4-43/443/4-53/41051071721.642243.390.83551532H~CHiCLarge-toothedaspenLWhiteashLarge-toothedaspenRedmapleWhiteashLarge-toothedaspenPBeechHemlockSWhiteashRedmapleLarge-toothedaspenP,MHemlockRedmapleWhiteashP,MWhiteashRedmapleP,MSugarmapleRedmapleRedoakPWhiteashRedmapleLarge-toothedaspenAlderSilkydogwoodArrowwoodSilkydogwoodHawthornServiceberryArrowwoodHawthornHawthornAppleArrowwoodHawthornAppleHawthornWillowWitchhazelArrowwoodArrowwoodWitchhazelHawthornArrowwoodAppleNannyberryL-ML-ML-MNMNMNMNMNMNM1of8

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-15(Cont)Location<<>>Section<~>>EstimatedCoverAge~Acceae~e<s)classUndesirable~etciseDesirableDensit~~aeciesMerchant-~nensit~atilit51/4-51/253/453/46-61/461/461/461/4-71/471/471/4-71/271/2-80.371320.230320.921.010324420552.98321HDCH,CHC,HH,CHP,MS~PS~PS~PPiMPrMP~SSugarmapleHemlockHemlockWhiteashRedmapleLarge-toothedaspenSugarmaplePincherryRedmapleWhiteashBlack'cherryWhiteashRedmapleAmericanelmWhiteashRedmapleBlackcherryLarge-toothedaspenRedmapleBlackcherrySugarmapleHemlockWhiteashYellowbirchSugarmapleRedmapleLarge-toothedaspenSugarmapleRedmapleWhiteashDStripedmapleMArrowwoodSilkydogwoodWillowL-MArrowwoodAlderStaghornsumacMWillowSugarmapleArrowwoodLWillowRedosierdogwoodAlderL-MArrowwoodAppleJuniperLWillowAppleArrowwoodDWillowHawthornArrowwoodM-DWillowArrowwoodDWitchhazelAppleM-DArrowwoodwitchhazelSilkydogwoodDNMNMNMNMNMNMNMNM2of8

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-15(Cont)Location<i)Section<<)8-81/481/4-81/281/281/2-91/4EstimatedCoverAge~asseseT~<>>Class1242.290.551.65Undesirable~SeciesLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashSugarmapleSugarmapleBlackcherryWhiteashBitternuthickory~DeceitM-DDesirable~aciesWillowArrowwoodHighbushblueberryArrowwoodHawthornElderberrySugarmapleHighbushblueberryRedosierdogwoodSugarmapleArrowwoodMerchant-~sensit~atilitM-DNMNMNMNM81/2-93/493/4-101/2101/2103/47.407.570570.46S,PWhiteashLarge-toothedaspenSugarmapleMSugarmapleWhiteashBitternuthickoryP,MRedsprucePBlackcherryRedmapleArrowwoodChokeberryAppleArrowwoodChokeberryDHighbushcranberryLMSugarmapleBlackberryNMNM103/4-113.13S,PBlackcherryLarge-toothedaspenMAppleWillowAlderL-MNM11-113/4113/4113/4-121/2490096399PWhiteashSugarmapleBeechC,HS,PHemlockLarge-toothedaspenWhiteAshLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashBitternuthickory3of8DArrowwoodWillowJuniperM-DWitchhazelMaple-leavedviburnumAlderMMitchhazelSilkydogwoodJuniperNMNMNM

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-15(Cont)Location<<~Section<<>121/2-13Estimated~Antese5.05CoverAge~e<>>ClassUndesirable~aciesRedmapleAmericanelmWhiteash~DeceitDesirable~SeciesArrowwoodSilkydogwoodRedosierdogwoodMerchant-~Densitat~littMNM131/4131/4131/4-133/4131/4133/4133/4133/4-143/40450.341.610641.040.605.85S,PSiPWhiteashBlackcherryAmericanelmLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashLarge-toothedaspenRedmapleSilvermapleWhiteashSilvermapleLarge-toothedaspenRedmapleBlackcherryRedmapleWhiteashArrowwoodSilkydogwoodElderberrySilkydogwood'WillowSpiraeaWillowAlderSilkydogwoodWillowSilkydogwoodArrowwoodArrowwoodSpiraeaWillowSugarmapleArrowwoodRedosierdogwoodL-ML-ML-MM-DNMNMNMNMNMNM143/4-151/4151/42.57056S,P,MWhiteashRedmapleBlackcherryRedmapleM-DArrowwoodGraydogwoodSugarmapleWillowRedosierdogwoodArrowwoodNMNM151/4-161/45.17S,PLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashSugarmapleAppleArrowwoodSugarmapleL-MNM4of8

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-15(Cont)Location<<~Section<<>>EstimatedCoverAgeAcrearae~ec>>ClassUndesirable~aciesDesirable~Deceit~aciesMerchant-~Oehsit~atilit161/4-171717-181/23610.23723CDHPiMPDMSiPHemlockYellowbirchSugarmapleYellowbirchSugarmapleWhiteashSugarmapleWhiteashBlackcherryDChokecherryArrowwoodMWitchhazelArrowwoodM-DWitchhazelArrowwoodAppleLMNMNM181/2183/4191.890.460.23Large-toothedaspenAmericanelmHemlockRedmapleBlackcherryLAlderArrowwoodAppleLAppleLAppleArrowwoodPearM-DNMNMNM19-191/4191/4-191/2191/2-202020-201/22241.092731.383.12CDHCDHH~CSDPS~PP,MP,MRedmapleLarge-toothedaspenLarge-toothedaspenYellowbirchWhitecedarLarge-toothedaspenRedmapleWhitecedarWhitepineBlackcherryLarge-toothedaspenRedmapleBlackcherryWhiteashLWillowArrowwoodAlderM-DWitchhazelAppleJuniperM-DArrowwoodWitchhazelChokecherryDArrowwoodWitchhazelChokecherryL-MArrowwoodWitchhazelSpiraeaL-MNMNMNM5of8

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.4-15(Cont)Location<<>201/2203/4Section<<>Estimated~Aczeae031103CoverAgeUndesirablenDa(>>class~aciesHS,PRedmapleSilvermapleBlackcherryWhiteashSilvermaple~DensitM-DDesirableSoeciesGraydogwoodHighbushcranberryElderberryArrowwoodChokecherryMerchant-~nensit,~anilitLNM203/4203/4203/4-211/4203/4203/40010620690.410.24SilvermapleRedmapleWillowS,PRedmapleS,P,MBlackcherryWhiteashRedmapleSilvermapleRedmapleWhiteashRedmapleWhiteashMArrowwoodMHighbushcranberryL-ML-MArrowwoodMRedosierdogwoodSilkydogwoodM-DArrowwoodM-DArrowwoodNMNMNMNMNM211/2211/2211/2-221/4221/4-223/4223/41240.572523511.40S,PSTPS~PLarge-toothedaspenRedmapleRedpineBlackcherryHemlockRedmapleLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashRedmapleAmericanelmWhiteashArrowwood'WillowJuniperAlderRibesAlderArrowwoodHawthornArrowwoodSilkydogwoodWillowAlderArrowwoodWillowM-DM-DL-MNMNMNMNMNM6of8

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OESTABLE2.4-15(Cont)LocationSection<i'23/4Estimated~Acrese0.62CoverAge~e<>>ClassSiPUndesirable~SeciesLarge-toothedaspenWhiteash~DeceitDesirable~aciesArrowwoodAppleRedosierdogwoodMerchant-~cecs1t~attlttNM223/4241/4241/4241/2241/2-243/4243/425251/45.511.551380.342391.05HSLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashRedcedarWhiteashAmericanelmRedmapleWhiteashAmericanelmRedmapleBlackcherryWhiteashAmericanelmsugarmapleAlderWillowGraydogwoodAldersugarmapleAlderWillowLAlderWillowAppleMArrowwoodM-DNMNMNMNMNM251/4-261/2261/2-273/427'/2-281/2271/4-281/27235.882.62275H,CS,PWhiteashRedmapleBlackcherrySRedmapleLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashP,MHemlockSugarmapleYellowbirchOnionsLettuceMElderberryArrowwoodWillowL-MWillowElderberryM-DStripedmaplespicebushL-MNMNM7of8

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE24-15(Cont)Location<<>Section<>>EstimatedAcreacaeCoverAge+pe<>>ClassUndesirable~Secies~ensityDesirable~eeciesMerchant-~secs1t:~atl.lit281/2-29298H,CP,MWhiteashHemlockYellowbirchM-DWitchhazelHobblebushStripedmaple281/2291/4-293/4202310HH~CS,PWhiteashSiPLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashWhitecedarM-DWitchhazelserviceberryWitchhazelArrowwoodL-MNMNM293/4-301/4301/4-31311/428335108640HHSiPLarge-toothedaspenWhiteashSugarmapleRedmapleWhiteashLarge-toothedaspenRedmapleWhiteashPincherrySugarmapleLarge-toothedaspenAmericanelmM-DServiceberrySpicebushWitchhazelAppleArrowwoodWillowWitchhazelWillowArrowwoodHawthornArrowwoodWillowL-ML-MNMNMNMNH<<~Locationiskeyedtotransmissiontowernumbersassociatedwithoriginal765-kVArticleVIIfiling.<>>SectionsrefertogeneralvegetationgroupingsshownonFigure2.4-4.<>>WetlandsinformationprovidedonFigure2.4-4fromtheOswegoCountyEnvironmentalManagementCouncil(OCEMC).KEYTOCOVERTYPEA=AgriculturalH=HardwoodsC=ConiferousSOURCE:Reference21KEYTOAGECLASS:S=SaplingP=PoleSizeM=MatureSawlogKEYTODENSITY:L=LightH=ModerateD=Dense8of8KEYTOMERCHANTABILITY.M=MerchantableNH=Nonmerchantable

v4r~oIrpa'ag~~FIGURE2A-1SCALE-METERS2000SCALE-FEETl000AERIALPHOTOGRAPHNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

'It'IIl 0"N7Ai7/0cg+t625&~4),(",".'.pg"~"PL.MATUREFORESTfi<gFORESTSHRUB~8'="-'.SHRU8OLDFIELDSHRUBORCHARD~4"sSHRUBORCHARDOLDFIELDWOODEDSWAMP~@i.~'~:GRASS~PAINDUSTRIALRESIDENTIALBAREWATERLEGEND4~~4y@Py'i"~iji~l.:res.r&gi'iiIRQkC".'.-~'4~e.'>,i~o~~~>>P>>,00g$a<li500SCALEMETERSf000200030001000SCALEFEET~~~g~'t5i,ivr'i)ff)",~g$"ii)TCTRANSMISSIONCORRIDORXMETEOROLOGICALTOWERFIGURE2.4-2VEGETATIONTYPESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNlNEMlLEPOlNT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

aoWAOAtAMONAWKsssccslARSTAssoss/VRWJAsstzrAsssccMEXICOOAKS((Ig(/t/OROII~ATIIIIIIIIIMEXKOPONT0LEGEND:WATERFOWLWINTERCONCENTRATIONAREADEERCONCENTRATIONAREAAUDUBONBIRDSANCTUARYpoioAERor8cols+Ms.sloRsBURTMINERHAMMOT$CROAD0~ISASANT~CNNTCEOSSINO~osssI'MEXICOo~00~~I~~sTi~r05WEOOI/'~..='//r/r0no's'PrQiSCRISAKSOCK5CORNERS000JONESCOR~SNEWHAENIWTTERFLTCORTESiuslNS'OR%RSI=-ILWELLWaooasrose/ntADOYtore/III,oCUMMINO5/--r-.NORTNVous/MEXKOes~s0OSWEGOZTURSRSSRRITT/INETTO0WNDTCRO$$0400VOLNEY/////I/Qi5ATLESCCCICR50UTEDERSCORNERS'IGURE2.4-3'-SIGNIFICANTHABITATSINTHEjVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATION-UNIT2SCALE-MILESOI2S4SCALE-KILOMETERSNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATION,NINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2'NVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.5SOCIOECONOMICS2.5.1DemographyUnit2islocatedonLakeOntariointhetownofScriba,inthenorthcentralportionofOswegoCounty,approximately10km(6.2mi)northeastofthecityofOswego.In1980,OswegoCountyhadanestimatedpopulationof113,901,atanaveragedensityof43.0people/sqkm(111people/sqmi).Thispopulationdensityisconsiderablylowerthanthestateaverageof137people/sqkm(356people/sqmi).The1980populationandthepopulationdensityforthe10townsand1citywithin20km(12.4mi)ofUnit2arelistedinTable2.5-1.TownandcityboundariesareshownonFigure2.5-1.The80-km(50-mi)areasurroundingthestationcontainsallorportionsof10NewYorkStatecountiesandportionsofCanada.Alsowithin80km(50mi)istheSyracuseStandardMetropolitanStatisticalArea(SMSA).Politicalboundariesofcountiesandpopulationcenterswithin80km(50mi)areshownonFigure2.5-2.Forpopulationprojectionpurposes,1985isusedastheyearofinitialplantoperation.Thedifferencebetweenthepopulationof1985and1986,theyearofactualcommercialoperation,shouldnotdiffertoanysignificantextent.Therefore,sinceprojectionsarecalculatedat,5-yrinter-valsbasedonthedecennialcensus,1985providesthebestestimateofpopulationdistributionatthestartofcommer-cialoperation.2.5.1.1PopulationWithin20Km(12.4Mi)Thetotal1980populationwithin20km(12.4mi)ofUnit2isestimatedtobe46,349,al.l-percentincreaSeoverthe1970total.Thispopulationisprojectedtoincreasetoap-proximately64,970bytheyear2000andtoapproximately106,509by2030.The20-km(12.4-mi)areacontainsallorportionsof1cityand10towns:thecityofOswegoandthetownsofMinetto,Scriba,NewHaven,Oswego,Mexico,Palermo,Richland,Volney,Granby,andHannibal.CityandtownboundariesareshownonFigure2.5-1.'fthe10townsand1cityinthe20-km(12.4-mi)area,thecityofOswegoisthelargestinpopulationsize,containingapproximately19,793peoplein1980.Next,inorderofpopulation,areGranby,Richland,Scriba,andVolney,withestimated1980populationsof6,341,5,594,5,455,and5,358,respectively.Populationgrowthandthe2.5-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIS1970-1980percentchangeinpopulationcitywithinthe20-km(12.4-mi),areaTable2.5-2.forthetownsandarelistedinItisexpectedthatalargeportionofthepopulationgrowthinthe20-km(12.4-mi)areawilloccuraroundthesoutheasternfringesof.thecityofOswego,withthesur-roundingtownsofScriba,Palermo,NewHaven,andVolneyabsorbingmuchofthecity'ssatellitegrowth'opulationdistributionwithin8km(5mi)ofthestationisbasedonafiel'dhousecountconductedinOctober1981andtown-specificpeopleperhouseholdfactors.Between8and10km(5and6.2mi),populationdistributionisbasedonahousecounttakenfromU.S.GeologicalSurveymaps(photorevised1978)onwhichhouseshavebeensymbolicallyidentified'.Houseswereusedtoestimatetheareapopulationbyapplyingafactorof2.65persons/householdforeachhouseinthetownofScribaand2.43persons/householdforeachhouseinthetownofNewHaven.Populationfigureswithin10km(6.2mi)ofthesitewerethenprojectedbymultiplyingthebase-yearpopulationbytheOswegoCountygrowthfactor,suppliedbytheNewYorkStateDepartmentofCommerce,EconomicDevelop-mentBoard,whichusedthecohort-componentmethodtoobtainprojections'4'.Polar-gridsectorpopulationsbetween10and20km(6.2and12.4mi)arebasedon1980U.S.CensusdataandNewYorkStatepopulationprojections.Sectorpopulationsweredeterminedbyassumingthatthepopulationofaminorcivildivision(i.e.,atown)isevenlydistributedoveritslandarea.Theproportionofeachcivildivision'sareaineachgridsectorwasthendeterminedandappliedtoeachcivildivision'stotalpopulation,yieldingthepopulationineachgridsector.Populationprojections,basedon1978projectionssuppliedbytheNewYorkStateDepartmentofCommerce,EconomicDevelopmentBoard,wereappliedtoeachcivildivision,assumingthateachportionwouldmaintainitsrelativeshareofanypopulationchange.Populationdensitywascalculatedbydividingthepopulationineachsectorbyitslandarea'.Populationdistributionwithina20-km(12.4-mi)radiusoftheplantfor1980through2030isshownonFigures2.5-3through2.5-9andlistedinTables2.5-3through2.5-9~Transientpopulationwithin20km(12.4mi)ofUnit2islimitedduetotherural,undevelopedcharacterofthearea.Thereare,however,anumberofschool,industrial,andrecreationalfacilitiesintheareathatcreatesmall,daily2.5-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OI,Sandseasonalchangesinsectorpopulations'acilitiesat-tractingtransientpopulationassociatedwitheducationalandindustrialinstitutions,aswellasmarinasandcommer-cialcampgrounds,arediscussedinSection2.5.2;thoseas-sociatedwithotherrecreationalareasarediscussedinSec-tion2.2.3(Table2.2-12).Dataondistributionoftran-sient,populationassociatedwithmarinasarenotavailable.Agedistributionofthepopulationsinthetownsandcitywithin20km(12.4mi)ofthestationareingeneralcon-formancewiththeproportionalpopulationdistributionsofthestateofNewYorkandtheUnitedStates'.5.1.2PopulationBetween20and80Km(12.4and50Mi)Thetotalpopulationfortheareabetween20and80km(12.4and50mi)ofUnit.2,whichwasapproximately930,848in1980,isexpectedtogrowtoapproximately1,095,741intheyear2000,reachingatotalofapproximately1,572,006by2030','.Populationdistributioninthe80-km(50-mi)areafor1980,1985,1990,2000,2010,2020,and2030isshownonFigures2.5-10through2.5-16andlistedinTables2'-10through2.5-16.The80-km(50-mi)areacontainsportionsofthreeCanadiancensusdivisionslocatedintheProvinceofOntario:PrinceEdward,Frontenac,andAddingtonand?,enox.The1981populationstatisticsforthesecensusdivisionsareincluded.The80-km(50-mi)regionismoderatelypopulated.In1980,onlythepopulationinthecityofSyracuseanditssatel-litetownsexceeded100,000,andonlysevenotherpopulationcenterscontainedmorethan10,000people.Table2.5-17listscivildivisionswithover10,000people.ThreeSMSAsarepartiallylocatedwithinan80-km(50-mi)radiusofthestation:theSyracuseSMSA,theRochesterSMSA,andtheUtica-RomeSMSA.TheSyracuseSMSA,includingthecountiesofOnondaga,Oswego,andMadison,containedatotalof647,500peoplein1977,atanaveragedensityof105people/sqkm(273people/sqmi).ThisSMSAisexpectedtoreachatotalpopulationofapproximately686,000by1985andapproximately782,000bytheyear2000'4'TheRochesterSMSAincludesfivecounties;onlyone,WayneCounty,fallswithinthe80-km(50-mi)region.In1975,971,465peoplelivedintheRochesterSMSA,atanaveragedensityof127people/sqkm(328people/sqmi)'.By1985and2000,theRochesterSMSAisexpectedtosupportap-proximatepopulationsof1,022,000and1,194,000,2.5-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OI,Srespectively'~'.Finally,theUtica-RomeSMSAcontainsonlytwocounties,OneidaandHerkimer,andonlypartofOneidaCountyislocatedwithinthe80-km(50-mi)region.In1975,334,046peopleresidedintheUtica-RomeSMSA,atanaveragedensityof49people/sqkm(126people/sqmi)'opulationdistributionsandprojectionsforareasbetween20and80km(12.4and50mi)werecalculatedinthesamemannerusedfortheareabetween10and20km(6.2and12.4mi)(Section2.5.1~1).2.5.2CommunityCharacteristicsofRegionThissectiondescribestheemployment,economicbase,taxation,andotherpertinentcharacteristicsofthetownofScribaandthesurroundingcitiesandtownswithin15km(9.3mi)ofUnit2,including:NewHaven,Volney,Mexico,Richland,Palermo,OswegoTown,OswegoCity,andMinetto.Whereabroadercontextisrelevant,dataonOswegoCounty,theSyracuseSMSA,andNew'orkStateareincluded.Figure2.5-17showsthelocationofthesecitiesandtowns.relativetoUnit2.2'.2.1EmploymentandEconomicBaseTable2.5-18showsemploymentby,industryforOswegoCounty'.Employmentbyoccupationforthecountyin1970isshowninTable2.5-19.In1980,thecivilianlaborforceinOswegoCountytotaled53,400.Ofthislaborforce,5,300wereunemployed,thusaccountingfora10-percentunemploymentrate'.OswegoCountyhadahigherunemploymentratethanboththeregionalSyracuseSMSAandtheNewYorkStateunemploymentrates'able2.5-20listscountyversusregionalandstateem-ploymentstatistics.Themajorindustrieswithin15km(9.3mi)ofUnit2are'in-dustrialmanufacturers,paperproductmanufacturersandprinters,fooddistributors,andelectricutilities.Themajoremployersinthevicinityare:AlcanAluminumCorporation,withapproximately1,000employees;Cyclotherm,withbetween100and199;CopperweldCorporation,with142;.OswegoCastingsCorporation,withbetween100and199;PowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,withbetween150and200;andNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(NMPC),withap-proximately400to450employees'.MedianincomeforOswegoCountyresidentsequaled$9,254in1970.TheaverageannualincomeforScribaresidents,2.5-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS$8,966,wasbelowthecountyaverage,whileforOswegoCityresidentsit'wasapproximatelyaverageat$9,255.Table2.5-21listsmedianincomedataforcommunitiesinthevicinityofUnit2.2.5.2.2TaxationThecountyleviesaschooltaxbymunicipalityandschooldistricts.Suchtaxesforthetowns,villages,andcitieswithinthevicinityofUnit2areshowninTable2.5-22.Majorsourcesofcountyrevenuesinclude:propertytaxes,schooltaxes,stateaid,federalaid,federaltransferpayments,andfederalrevenuesharing.Table2.5-23listsrevenueandexpenditurecategoriesforOswegoCountyfor1976.Allpropertyinthecountyisassessedbasedoncounty,town,andvillageratesonthevalueofbuildings,equipment,andland.ThepropertytaxesforUnit2arepaidtoOswegoCountyandthetownofScriba.Table2.5-24listspropertytaxbases,rates,andrevenuesforcitiesandtownswithinthevicinityofUnit2.2.5.2.3ZoningFifteenofthe32villagesandtownsandbothcitiesofOswegoandFultoninOswegoCountyhaveadoptedzoningordinances.ThetownofScribahasnotadoptedzoningordinances.SincetheboundariesforNMPCpropertyatNineMilePointStationfallwithinScriba,nozoningrestric-tionsapply'.5.2'SocialServicesandPublicFacilitiesManypublicwatersystemssupplementindependentmeansofprovidingdrinkingwaterinOswegoCounty.Theserviceareawithin10km(6.2mi)ofUnit2includesthetownofScribaandthecityofOswego.ThecityofOswegoandportionsofthetownsofOswego,Minetto,Scriba,andVolneyareservedbythecity'spublicwaterfacilities.Thewaterisdrawn-fromLakeOntario,treated,anddistributedbythecitytoitscustomersandtheoutlyingwaterdistricts.Thecity'intakeandpumpingfacilitiesaremorethanadequateforcurrentdemands'.ThetownofScribaisservedbytheHallRoad,MiddleRoad,NorthRoad,andSenecaHillWaterDistricts.Approximately40percentofthepopulationinthetownofScribaisservedbythesedistricts.TheSenecaHillDistrictisajoint,2.5-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSdistrict,servingportionsofthetownsofScribaandVolney.ThewaterisprovidedtothesedistrictsbythecityofOswegoandresoldbythetownofScribatoitscustomers'~~'.ThetwomajorusersinScriba,theAlcanAluminumplantandUnit2,purchasewaterdirectlyfromthecityofOswego.The1979averagedailydemandinthetownofScribawas908,4001/d(240,000gpd)'~~.Additionalstorageandsystemstrengtheningwillprobablyberequiredtomeetthetown'sfuturewatersupplyrequirements'hecityofOswegooperatesasecondarysewagetreatmentplant,theEastSideSewageTreatmentPlant,thatservesresidentsandindustrylocatedontheeast,sideoftheOswegoRiverandportionsofthetownofScriba.Themajorityofsolidwasteinthecountyisdisposedofthroughcounty-operatedfacilities.PoliceprotectioninOswegoCountyisprovidedbythreesources:theOswegoPoliceDepartment,theOswegoCountySheriff,andtheNewYorkStatePolice.FireprotectionforOswegoCountyisprovidedbyseveralvolunteerdepartmentsaswellasbytwoprofessionaldepartments.OswegoCountyiswellservedwithmedicalfacilities~'.TheOswegoHospitalislocatedinthecityofOswegoandoperates132certifiedbeds'heAlbertLindleyLeeMemorialHospitalinFultonislicensedtooperate67beds.TheOswegoCountyCommunityMentalHealthServicesfacilityislocatedinthecityofOswego.2.5.2.5TransportationTransportationfacilitiesarediscussedinSections2.2.1and2.2.3.TherearenomodificationsplannedduetoUnit2operationthatwouldaffecttrafficflow.2.5.2.6DemographyPopulationforecastsforthesitevicinityareprovidedinSection2.5.1,whichalsoincludesadiscussionofsocialstructureelements,suchasage,andinstitutionalandtran-sientpopulations.2.5.2.7HousingHousingcharacteristicsforcities,villages,andtownsinthevicinityofNineMilePointStationarelistedinTable2.5-25.AlthoughmanycommunitiesinOswegoCounty2.5-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSborderLakeOntario,onlyapproximately7percentofthehousingunitsare.seasonalunits.Lakeshore.developmentsinthetownofScribaarelocatedatShoreOaks,Lakeview,andNineMilePoint-andareoccupiedprimarilyasyear-roundresidences.Basedonareviewofnew-housingpermitsandtheircomposition,localhousingappearstobeadequate'.5.2.8EducationOswegoCountycomprisesnineschooldistricts.Table2.5-26listspublicandnonpublicschoolsanddistrictenrollments.Consideringpresentenrollmentsandcapacities,schoolresourceswillprovideadequatecapacitytoaccommodategrowth.Table2.5-27identifiesthejurisdictionoftheninedistrictsrelativetothecitiesandtownswithinthevicinityofUnit2.Theenrollmentforpublicschoolsin1979andparochialschoolsin1976inthecountytotaled25;-893and1,660,respectively~,'he*StateUniversityofNewYorkoperatestheCollegeofArtsandScienceatOswego.ThecampusislocatedinthewesternpartofthecityofOswegoandbordersLakeOntario.EnrollmentinJanuary1977totaled8,850students,including7,247full-timeundergraduatesand1,425full-andpart-timegraduatestudents'hereare9publiclibrariesand1privatelibraryinOswegoCounty.2.5.2.9RecreationPrincipalrecreationalfacilitieswithinthevicinityofUnit2arelistedinTable2.5-28.Thesefacilitiesincludepubliclyandprivatelyoperatedparksandrecreationareas,includingthoseassociatedwithschools.Table2.5-29listsmajorcivicclubswithinthearea.Inadditiontothesecivicclubs,therearenumerousfishandgameclubsinthecounty.ThemajorityofthesesportingclubsbelongtotheOswegoCountyFederationofSportsmen'sClub.Membershiprangesfrom10toover900insomeclubs.Therearealsoapproximately100landownerassociationsintheeasternpor-tionofthecounty.Theseassociationsopenlandtomembersforhuntingandfishing.Table2.5-30providesasummaryofstate,county,andsemipublicoutdoorrecreationareasandopenspaceinOswegoCounty'.Table2.5-31providesalistofmarinaswithinOswegoCounty.CommercialandprivateexistinOswegoCounty.outdoorrecreationandopenspaceThereareninepublicandtwo2.5-7 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSprivategolfcoursesinthecounty.Table2.5-32liststhenames,locations,andareasofthesegolfcourses.Private.campgroundsin,OswegoCountyrangefrommodestfacilitiestoelaboratelayoutsthatincludecommercialfacilitiessuchasindoorrecreationbuildings.ThemajorityofthistypeofcommercialrecreationisfoundonLakeOntariointhenorthernpartofthecounty.CampgroundlocationsarelistedinTable2.5-33.Inadditiontothetrailerandcampsiteslistedinthistable,aprivateen-terpriseatKasoagLakesinthetownofWilliamstownhasap-proximately40.5ha(100acres)opentothepublicforpic-nickingandswimming.StateUniversityat.Oswegooperatesrecreationalfacilitiesthatareopentothepublic.FallbrookandtheRiceCreekBiologicalFieldStationarethecampus'womajorre-creationalfacilitieswithpublicaccess.Fallbrook,ownedbytheCollegeFoundation,islocated3.2km(2mi)south-westofthecollege'smaincampusinthetownofOswego.Thesiteincludesaridingstableandpaddock,andskitrails,slopes,anda'ow.TheRiceCreekBiologicalFieldStation,locatedoffThompsonRoadnearFallbrook,servesasanoutdoorclassroom..TheFieldStationpropertyhasspeciallymarkedtrailsthatprovidehikersacloseviewoffield,forest,andwetlandenvironmentsTwogeneraltypesofrecreationaldevelopmentarebeingstudiedandpursuedatthecountyandlocallevels:river-bankaccessandlakefrontaccess.Figure2.5-18showslakesandriversinOswegoCounty.TheOswego,Oneida,Salmon,andLittleSalmonRiversprovideavarietyofrecreationalactivities,includingboating,canoeing,andfishing.TheOswegoCountyPlanningBoardrecommendsthatboththeOneidaandOswegoRiversbefurtherdevelopedasrecreationalwaterwaysTheLittleSalmonRiveriswellsuitedforavarietyofre-creationalactivities,includingboatingandcanoeing.Thereareneitherpublicnorlargeindividualblocksofprivatelyownedlandsalongtheriver.Thecountyispur-suingthedevelopmentofpublicaccesstotheLittleSalmonRiver.FurtheraccesstoLakeOntarioandOneidaLakeisthesecondtypeofrecreationaldevelopmentbeingpursuedbythecounty.ThecountyrecommendsthataccesstoLakeOntariobeprovidedthroughtwomeans:acquisitionofnewlands,andfurtheruseanddevelopmentofexistingportandboat-2.5-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSlaunchingfacilitiesalongthelake'.5.3HistoricalandArcheologicalSitesandNaturalLandmarksBased*onaliteraturesearchofNationalRegistersofHistoricPlacesandNaturalLandmarks,anddiscussionswithstateandlocalhistoriccommissions,13historicalsiteshavebeenidentifiedwithin15km(9.4mi)ofUnit2.FortOntario,thenearesthistoricalsite,islocatedinthecityofOswego,NY,10km(6.2mi)southwestofthepowerstationandislistedintheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.FortOntariowasbuiltin1755andwasthefirstEnglishfootholdintheGreat,Lakesregion.SevenadditionalNationalRegisterpropertiesarelocatedinthecityofOswego.Thesesitesarelocatedbetween10and13km(6.2and8.1mi)southwestofthepowerstation.Presently,noadditionalpropertieswithin15km(9.4mi)arecon-sideredeligibleforNationalRegisterstatus~,AccordingtotheNationalRegistryofNaturalLandmarks,nonationalnaturallandmarksexistinthevicinityofthepowerstation.Theonlysignificantnaturalareawithin15km(9.4mi)ofUnit2isDerbyHill,located15km(9.4mi)eastofthesite.DerbyHillisadrumlin,par-tiallyerodedbyLakeOntario.Becauseofitslocationonthesoutheastcornerofthelake,itisamainfunnelingpointformigratingbirds.DerbyHillisownedandmanagedbytheOnondagaAudubonSociety'.AccordingtotheNewYorkStateHistoricPreservationFieldServices,thestateinventoryhasnohistoricsitesorland-marksinthetownsofScriba,Volney,Minetto,Palermo,orMexico,NY'~.Table2.5-34andFigure2.5-19identifythehistoricalsiteswithin15km(9.4mi)ofthepowerstation.In1977,PrattandPrattArcheologicalConsultantsconductedasurveyofpastarcheologicalandculturalresourceswithin5km(3.1mi)oftheUnit2-Volneytransmissioncorridor.Basedontheresultsofthisstudy,theUnit2sitecontainsnoknownresourcesofarcheologicalinterest.Thenearest.relicsidentifiedarethoseofprehistoricIndian-markedfishingvillageslocated8km(5mi)fromUnit2~Nostate-verifiedarcheologicalsitesarelocatedwithinthesurveystudyareaof15km(9.4mi).AccordingtothePrattstudy,alowtomoderatepotentialexistsforprehistoric,protohistoric,andhistoricIndiansiteswithinthestudyarea'~~'.Beforethetransmissionlineisconstructed,afieldsurveyinvolvingtestpitswillbeconducted.2.5-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OZ,SThePrattstudyidentified76culturalresourcesiteswithinthesurveystudyarea,1Skm(9.4mi).Nostandingstruc-turesexistrepresentingthesepastculturalresources.TheculturalresourcesitesnearesttoUnit2arethelocationsofapastschoolhouseandsawmilllocated1.2km(0.8mi)southwestoftheplantsite.Table2.5-35andFigure2.S-19identifythesitesofpastculturalresourceswithin15km(9.4mi)ofUnit2.2.5-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.5.4References.BureauoftheCensus.FinalPopulationandHousingCountsforNewYork,1980AdvanceReport.PHC80-U-34,U.S.Department,ofCommerce,March1981.2.OswegoCountyPlanningBoard.OswegoCountyDataBook,1977.Oswego,NY.3.U.S.GeologicalSurvey.7.5minutequadrangles:OswegoWest,Texas,WestofTexas,NewHaven,andOswegoEast.U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,Washington,DC.1978OfficialPopulationProjectionsforNewYorkStateCounties.NewYorkStateDepartmentofCommerce,EconomicDevelopmentBoard.5.PopulationDistributionProgramEN-061.Stone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation,Boston,MA,November1981.6.BureauoftheCensus.CountyandCityDataBook1977.U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,1978.7.Population:GeographicDistributions,CensusDivisions,andSubdivisionsofOntario,Table3,1981PopulationandDwellings,Statistics,Canada,1981.StateofNewYorkDepartmentofCommerce.AnnualReport1979-1980,EconomicDevelopment,TradeandTourism,Albany,NY.9~NewYorkStateDepartmentofCommerce.BusinessStatistics,NewYorkStateAnnualSummary1971-1979.Albany,NY.10.OswegoChamberofCommerce.MajorIndustriesinOswegoCounty.Oswego,NY,1980.CentralNewYorkRegionalPlanningandDevelopmentBoard.CentralNewYorkWaterQualityManagementProgram:FinalOswegoCountySubplan,1979.Syracuse,NY.12.StateofNewYork,OfficeofHealthSystemsManagement.HealthFacilitiesDirectory,1980.Albany,NY.13.NewYorkStateDepartmentofCommerce.ProfileofPeople,Jobs,andHousing,SyracuseArea,1974edition,Albany,NY.*2.5-11 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS14'nformationCenteronEducation.PublicSchoolEnroll-mentandStaff,NewYorkState1979-1980.Albany,NY.15.InformationCenteronEducation.DirectoryofPublicSchoolsandAdministrators,NewYorkState1980-1981.TheStateEducationDepartment,Albany,NY.16.OswegoCountyPlanningBoard.PreliminaryLandUsePlan,1976.Oswego,NY.17.Bogner,J.ANaturalResourcesInventoryfortheTownofScriba,NewYork,1979.OswegoCountyPlanningBoardandEnvironmentalManagementCouncilandMassachusettsAudubonSociety.18.OswegoCountyPlanningBoard.PreliminaryOutdoorRe-creationPlan,1979.Oswego,NY.19'eritageConservationandRecreationService.NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,Washington,DC,April14,1981.20.TransmittalfromMs.CarolKingsbury,ProjectReviewAssistant.HistoricPreservationFieldServices,NewYorkStateParksandRecreation,Albany,NY,December12,1978.21.NationalParkService.NationalRegistryofNaturalLandmarks,FederalRegistryofNaturalLandmarks,46FR17891,U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,Washington,DC,March20,1981.22.Pratt6PrattArcheological'Consultants.Backgroundand~LiteratureSearchfortheCulturalResourcesSurveyoftheProposedNineMile2-Volney765kVElectricTrans-missionProject,1977.23.NewYorkStateDepartmentofRecreation.NewYorkStateOutdoorRecreationFacilitiesInventory,1978.24.NewYorkStateDepartmentofRecreation.ParksCapacitiesforOswegoCounty,1977.25.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.NineMilePointNu-clearStation-Unit2EnvironmentalReport.-Construc-tionPermitState,AppendixC,1972.2.5-12 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-11980POPUIATIONANDPOPULATIONDENSITIESFORTOWNSANDCITIESWITHIN20KM(12.4MI)OFUNIT2CityofOswegoOswego(town)GranbyRichlandScribaVolneyMexicoHannibalPalermoNewHavenMinetto1980Poulation19,7937,8656,3415,5945,4555,3584,7904,0273,2532,4211,905PopulationDensityeoleskm1,029.0116.955.240.952.946.041.838.531.631.7125.5SOURCE:Reference11of1 V'

NineMilePoint.Unit,2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-21970-1980POPULATIONGROWTHFORTOWNSANDCITIESWITHIN20KM(12.4MI)OFUNIT2CityofOswegoOswego(town)GranbyRichlandScribaVolneyMexicoHannibalPalermoNewHavenMinetto197020,9136,5144,7185,3243,6194,5204,1743,1652.3211,8451,688198019,7937,8656,3415,5945,4555,3584,7904,0273,2532,4211,9051970-1980PercentChane-5.420.734.45.150.718.514.827.240.231.212.9SOURCE:Reference11of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-31980POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)DistancekmmiDirec-0-2/2-4/4-6/6-8/8-10/10-20/tion0-1.21.2-2.52.5-3.73.7-5.05.0-'6.26.2-12.4TotalNNNE0.0ENEESESESSESSWSWWSWWNWNWNNW2100119135901220ill07411771912703400000000119'3931301592733662158460510715656233611,8422,2482412,4052,9371342,1372,5421152,2472,8362151352,8153,3983583024,4295,4503294,62419,20524,670301,6051,663Total647231,2241,4575,61237,26946,3491of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-41985POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)Direc-tionDistancekmmi0-2/2-4/4-6/6-8/8-10/10-20/0-1.21.2-2.52.5-3.73.7-5.05.0-6.26.2-12.4TotalNNEENE23646669ESESESSESSW121326513512382851327010317630211868173267621482581272381493963342,0372,4872,6613,2502,3652,8132,4853,1373,1133,7584,8996,028SW21141'053645,11521,24327,289WSW3823301,7751,839WNW0NW0NNW0Total70000000000000008011,3551,6126,20841,22451,2701of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-51990POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)DistancekmmiDirec-0-2/2-4/4-6/6-8/8-10/10-20/tion0-1.21.2-2.52.5-3.73.7-5.05.0-6.26.2-12.4TotalNNNENEENE3300761794ESESESSESSWSWWSW2016291838818717311919717113720124642356733154882,4683,0642253473,1073,878801932,6563,2533571712,7413,6433332103,1894,093.5554684,9926,5735106,74922,81030,862401,5221,613WNW0000000NW0000000NNW0000000Total981,1161,8692,2188,22644,24657,7731of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-62000POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)Direc-tionNDistancekmmi0-2/2-4/4-6/6-8/8-10/10-20/0-1.21.2-2.52.5-3.73.7-5.05.0-6.26.2-12.4TotalNNENEENEESESE382321110121500197177105258.157928979351012,9393,6253983,7284,6132213,2063,891SSESSWWSW18198132137226612304101973,2774,3122833832413,6354,6744856385385,7347,5506515857,74924,36633,61138501,6551,7590000WNWNW0000000000NNW0000000Total1131,2812,1462,5489,44549,43764,9701of1

~~

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-72010POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)DistancekmmiDirec-0-2/2-4/4-6/6-8/8-10/10-20/tion0-1.21.2-2.52.5-3.73.7-5.05.0-6.26.2-12.4TotalNNNENE00000000000000000ESESESSE2724511825123100229317122301183108269478097610211183,0944,0034643,7754,8072583,1073,9072293,1404,347SSWSWWSW2239154160263723304462814,0155,2265667446276,4558,5747606839,03834,24945,03245502,6562,77800000WNWNW000000000000NNW0000000Total1331,4942,5043,08211,01561,46779,6951of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-82020POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)Direc-tionDistancekmmi0-2/2-4/4-6/6-8/8-10/10-20/0-1~21.2-2.52.5-3.73'-5.05.0-6.26.2-12.4TotalNNENEENEESESE52312851372912661412122393499801,1311,1831373,5864,5135384,3775,5732993,6034,503SSESSWSWWSW25268179185305312382657881083525552663,6425,0435173264,6556,0598627277,4839,93979210,48039,71152,215603,0803,221WNWNW00000000000000000NNW000000Total1541,7332,9033,41812,77371,26892,2491of1

NineMilePointUnit'2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-92030POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(20KM/12.4MI)DistancekmmiDirec-0-2/2-4/4-6/6-8/8-10/10-20/tion0-1.21.2-2.52.5-3.73.7-5.05.0-6.26.2-12.4Total000000NNENEENEESESESSESSWSWWSW60362932915833630920621330716324536075827640364059799501,3061584,1406215,0533454,1583074,2033775,3748398,63709660700003,554533531,01791412,09645,8361,3665,2106,4345,2285,8196,99511,47160,2693.717WNWNWNNW0000000Total1782,0003,3513,97614,74382,261106,509

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-101980POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KH/50HI)DistancekmmiDirection0-2/0-1.22-4/~1.2-2.~4-6/2~3.76-8/~3.7-.08-10/5.0-6.210-20/6.2-12.420-40/12.4-24.81086,732>>40-60/60-80/~24.-3.~37.3-0.TotaI6,840>>NNEENEESESESSESSWSWWSW2113191195912274771273411963931301592733662110715656233215358329612411341151353024,6245841,8422,4052,1372,2472,8154,42919,2051,6059373,2654,2034,4814,4059,76231,90932,9018,0418,3923183,48913,1969498077,45814,451272,27967,60513,6809,7834,3839,49541,8427,4094,34037,29139,93463,36526,59560,76834,09525,42413292158,30313,16611,87652,09166,689370,389130,49987,93976,94031,788WNWNWTotaI647231,2240,1,4575,61237,269108,614645"6,944>>2,553>>408,453>>367,432>>645>>7,209>>553>>930,848>>"SectorscontainportionsofCanada,forwhich1981populationdatawereused.1of1

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-111985POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KH/50Hl)DistancekmmiDirectionNNENEENEESESESSESSWSWWSW0-2/0-1.223141221132651351238285141381327010314417630240523118173622582383963642-4/4-6/6-8/~7.2-2.~2.-3.7~3.7-.08-10/2.0-6.268267148127149334521156462,0372,6612,3652,4853,1134,89921,2431,7759893,4634,6164,9554,87310,8003,68313,9291,0178827269515,51034,165287,06735,7338,5998274733171,24513,70110,0894,52510-20/20-40/40-60/~2-12.12.~-2I2,024.IL~11460-80/7226910,02244,1678,0054,67938,00943,396~ToaI7,38314,69461,55914,30713,00353,82772,51960,13835,24826,24488,46681,37332,93966,240390260927,754138,490WNWNNW02786767,2682,6536767,5462,653TotaI708011,3551,6126,2084122241172271429,735381,768980,0441of1

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-121990POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KH/50HI)OisancekmmiDirectionNNEENEESESESSESSWSWWSW0-2/0-1.2332016292-4/~1.2-2,18388187173115119197544-6/~2.-3.717191137201246423567336-8/~3.7-.0154225803573335555108-10/883471931712104686,74910-20/62-12.47612,4683,1072,6562,7413,1894,99222,8101,52220-40/~12.11-24.1,0203,5044,3735,6575,67913,38331,73934,467832187,45427640-60/24.8-37.31103,44714,3531,0508266,97315,363308,25375,78113,21610,2894,72160-80/~7.-0.07,6479,43345,8269,0824,75836,82644,61168,73326,25164,27038,99026,309TotaI7,75713,90063,68315,29914,30553,35676,610412,368140,59292,27787,59532,919WNWNWTotaI98131161,8692,2188,22644,246115,770285454,6676957,4652,685393,5816957,7502,6851,021,7911of1

'l NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-132000POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50Ml)Distancekmmi~DireclccNNENEENEESESESSESSWSWWSW0-2/0-1.23823183421110121519813213722661197105157230283485651382-4/4-6/~1.2-2.~2.-3.76-8/~7-.0177258924103836385858"10/-6.21013982211972415387,7498972,939",7283,2063,2773,6355,73424,3661,6551,0093,5064,8106,8627,06815,96235,64236,6699,0398,08030010-20/20-40/31.2-72.412.4-24li40-60/~2-3731093,41114,2011,0778997,08117,060332273181,77113,78111,3885,23460-80/7,8359,33345,3469,4024,92136,54348,00474,26928,11366,01842,94729,170TotaI7,94413,75363,05316,22416,30755,30584,917446,954151,22796,38896,02636,463WNWNWNNWToteI1131,2812,1462,5489,44549,437128,94728748920306987,50022695412,7946987,7872,69512095,7411of1

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-142010POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KH/50Hl)DirectionNNENEENEESESESSESSWSWWSW0-2/0-1.24527223924511825123115416026372229122183269330566760452-4/4-6/~1.2-2.~2-3.7.6-8/3.7-57.317301108478446744683Distancekmmi10-20/6.2"12.48-10/5.0-6.21184642582292816279763,0943,7753,1073,1404,0156,4559,03834,2492,65620-40/12.4-24.8130303,6855,9147,1736,60114,07334,07150,08810,0259,96538640-60/28.8-3733,48214,498121391,0397,53018,094380,08593,35114,38512,6515,82460-80/~37.-.08,3239,52746,3039,9435,20638,54354353684,89731,53868,07247,68632,464TotaI8,43414,03964,48618,01717,42157,48190,610503,400180,2031013056115,33441,452WNWNNWTotaI1331,4942,5043,08211,01561,467143,011286552,4756957,4362,534447,7036957.7222,5341,222,8841of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-152020POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50Ml)0irectionNNEENEESESESSESSWSWWSW0-2/9-1.2523125462851372912681791853058326614121231238265788152239349985555178627922-4/4-6/6-8/~1.2-22.58.7~70-.Distancekmmi8-10/20-6.210-20/6.2-12.41375382992663267271,1313,5864,3773,6033,6424,6557,48310,48039,7113,08020-40/~72.4-281,0413,7926,7568,3187,65416,31739,52158,09111,30911,05942840-60/~24.-371123,51814,6501,2041,1808,24720,8144412045108,24915,07514,1566252860-80/8,6919,62546,78410,3655,43741259962,14098242135,91470,66553,26436,386ToteI8,80314218465222619,50819,44863,073103,774584,030208,313106,988130,69446,563WNWNWNNWTotal154127332,9033241812,773712268164,2862756352053671721202.223489,3056717,395222231,380,8931of1 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OiSTABLE2.5-162030POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION(80KM/50MI)DirectionNNEENEESESESSESSWSWWSW0-2/0-1.2603629533291583363092062133539630716324536044175812017602764031446405979959142-4/4-6/6-8/~1,2-2.~2.-3.7~3.7-.0Distancekmmi10-20/6.2-12.48-10/5.0-6.21586213453073778391,3064,1405,0534,1584,2035,3748,63712209645,8363,55420-40/12.4-24.81,0483,8987,699926018,83618,83240-60/24.8-37.31133,54214,7501,2681,3399,19124,06312,75412229147715,84715,8907,33946,018517,14467,366126,83960-80/~37.-~09,0099,69047,1051027235,64045,91371,167115,20941,34073,76259,67440,904TotaI9,12214,28065,75321,05621,79070,374119,290684,190242,540113,834148212452,437WNWNWNNW'otal1782,0003,3513,97614,74382,2612576266,5761,7571882820737,582539,0956266,8331,7571,572,0061of1

NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-17CIVILDIVISIONSWITHOVER10,000PEOPLEIN1980WITHIN80KM(50MI)OFUNIT2CivilDivisionsNewarkVillageAuburnClayCiceroManliusDeWittSyracuseGeddesCamillusOnondagaVanBurenSalinaFultonOswegoOneidaRomeWatertown~CountWayneCayugaOnondagaOnondagaOnondagaOnondagaOnondagaOnondagaOnondagaOnondagaOnondagaOnondagaOswegoOswegoMadisonOneidaJeffersonPoulation10,01732,54846,96321,59418,53923,456170,10511,38824,33317,82410,07134,55113,31219,79310,81043,82627,861SOURCE:Reference11of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-18EMPLOYMENTBYINDUSTRYOSWEGOCOUNTY-1970~IndustrManufacturingWholesaletradeRetailtradeAgricultureMiningConstructionServicesFinance,insurance,realestateTransportation,communication,publicutilitiesPublicadministrationTotalEmloees11,3089795,0041,011262,7698,4879302,1981,20733,919PercentofTotal33.32.814.83.00.088.225.02.76.53.699.98SOURCE:Reference21of1

NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLSTABIE2.5-19EMPLOYMENTBYOCCUPATIONOSWEGOCOUNTY-1970OccuationalGrouProfessional,technical,andkindredworkersNumber~Emloed4,579PercentofTotal13.5OperativesCraftsmen,foremen,andkindredworkers7,7065,76522.717.0ClericalandkindredworkersServiceworkersAd.'ninistrativemanagers,exceptfarmSalesworkersLaborersFarmersandfarmmanagersTotal5,2324,1792,1511,9071,76963133,91915.412.36.35.65.21.999.9SOURCE:Reference21of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-20LABORFORCEANDEMPLOYMENTBYAREA-1970LaborForceCivilianEmployedNonagriculturalManufacturingUnemployedRate(percent)Oswego~Count53,40048,1005,30010.0SyracuseSMSA305,900283,400260,50058,80022,4007.3NewYorkState7,983,0007,386,0007,169,3001,461,900596,0007.5*Datanotavailable.SOURCE:Reference81of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE25-21MEDIANINCOMEFORCITIESANDTOWNSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATION-1970FamiliesMedianIncomeUnrelatedIndividualsConsumerUnits<<>ReceivingpublicAssistanceBelowpave~reLevelPercentofFamiliesMeanFamilyIncomeofThoseBelowPovertLevelScribaNewHavenVolneyMexicoRichlandPalermoOswegoOswegoCityMinettoOswegoCounty8~2749,1928,8399,0434,8641,9811,7501~8188,013<1~00010,2119,25510~3919'541,8731~224C231,593$8,966$2,483$8,5677,9008,3667r7287,5757,1597,9993,2359,8627~22010.012.4768.813511.05410068689812.417922.432.23.5100415.831,7372,6212,8242,6892,1158172,3961t8241,6752e036<<~consumerUnits:Familiesandunrelatedindividuals.<>>Notcalculated,asunrelatedindividualstotallessthan50.SOURCE:Reference131of1 Ak NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-22SCHOOLDISTRICTTAXRATESFORCITIESANDTOWNSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATION-1976-1977AItrnar-Parish-WilliamsownMexico~academSandyCreekCentraICentraI~SuarePulaskiCentraIPhoenixCentraIHannibalCentraIEnlargedFultonCityConsolidatedSchoolScribaNewHavenVoIneyMexicoRichlandPaIermoOswegoOswegoCityMinetto80%0192.18266.04100.8845.1157.0665.39116.1566.14119.93138.1299.22672.30106.3070.033121.46882.788121.718118.474153.83294.5464.4392.2071.12119.72SOURCE:Reference21of1 Hh NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-23OSWEGOCOUNTYREVENUESANDEXPENDITURES-1976RevenuesSourceRealpropertytaxesStateaidFederalaidFederalrevenuesharingBudget.notesUseofmoneyandproperty(interestandrentals)OtherlocalsourcesTotalAmount$15,269,2657,642,82211,110,4711,332,791998,3501,257,6064975939$42,587,244PercentofTotal36182632312100UseExendituresAmountPercentofTotalLegislativeJudicialFinanceStaffSharedservicesSpecialitemsEducationPublicsafetyHealthTransportationEconomicassistanceCultureandrecreationHomeandcommunityservicesDebtservicesCapitaloutlayCompensationTotal$337,753809,737289,118692,160523,7611,367,034256,6291,444,0073,893,5794,231,05020,345,793425,683761,2303,336,5211,314,013272150$40,260,2100.82.00.71.71.33.40.63.69.710.550.51.11.88.33.30.7100.0SOURCE:Reference21of1

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-241976PROPERTYTAXSTATISTICSRATESANDREVENUESFORCITIESANDTOWNSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATIONScribaNewHavenVolneyMexicoRichlandPaIermoOswegoOswegoCityMinettoTaxBaseFuIIVaIueS203,438,34013,609,30157,231,05229,159,70439,412,32615,702,23938,962,611447,931,25819,371,522OswegoCounty1,238,079,463EquaIiza-~tiooRae14.649.7321.6616.9415.0014.7815.0119.4611.56AssessedValueS29,783,3731,324,18512,396,2464,939,6545,911,8492,320,7915,848,28887,167,4232,239,348214,027,516TaxRae"Town~orCit12.8071.3012.6061.3037.3240.5027.8051.0940.60~oooot90.80136.8061.2079.2088.7089.8087.6068.51115.00TownorCityTaxIeviedS454,987104,524216,151267,402202,765114,130190,1794,453,384115R0623,422,445CountyTaxLeviedS2,701,427181,081759,014391,358524,346208,611518,5815,971,466257,70216,500,466+Per$1,000assessedvalue.SOURCE:Reference21of1

NineMile'PointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5"25HOUSINGCHARACTERISTICSFORCITIESANDTOWNSSURROUNDINGNINEMILEPOINTSTATION"1970Year-roundunitsSingle-unitstructuresScrIba1,1649516966321,2451,0121,222965HewHavenV~oineHexagon1,7591,264628491RichlandPalermo~oeweo1H063845Oswego~Cit6,8664,614~nineo500419OswegoC~oont30,84822H227Structureswithtwoormore~nitsTotaloccupiedunits711,179237031071593931,2611,3921,97327.628541,0942.2336,879636,28750132,857Medianvalue-owneroccupiedS10,000-15,0005,000-10,00010,000-15,00010,000-15,00010,000-15,0005,000-10,00025,000-35,0005,000"10,00020,000-25,00010,000-15,000Mediangrossrentpermonth-renteroccupiedS100-150150-20060-100100-150100-]50100-150100-150100-150100-150100-150S1ngle-unitstructuresStructureswithfiveor.moreunitsToteINewPrivateHousinUnitsAuthorized8BuildinPermits-11814f022192140196-51298<<Nonreportingcommunities.SOURCE:Reference21of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-26LOCATIONANDENROLLMENTOFPUBLICSCHOOLSINOSWEGOCOUNTY-SEPTEMBER1982DistrictSchoolsLocationDistanceinkm(mi)andDirectionfromSationSchoolDistrictEnrollmentEnrollmentAltmar-Parish-WilliamstownAltmarElementaryParishElementaryWilliamstownElementaryA.P.W.MiddleHighA.P.W.HighSchoolAltrnarParishWiIIiamstownParishParish33.821)E25.716)ESE43.427)ESE30.619)ESE30.619)ESE2633051734364711,648CentralSquareFultonConsolidatedPulaskiAcademyandCentraIHannibalCentralMexicoAcademyCentralSquareElementaryHastings-MaIIoryEIementaryBrewertonElementaryAuraA.ColeElementaryClevelandElementaryMillardHawkJr.HighSchoolPaulV.MooreHighSchoolErieStreetSchoolJamesR.FairgrieveSchoolJamesE.LaniganSchoolOakStreetSchoolPhillipsStreetSchoolStateStreetSchoolVolneyElementarySchoolFultonJuniorHighSchoolG.RayBodleyHighSchoolPulaskiElementaryPulaskiJunior-SeniorHighSchoolFairIeyEIementaryCayugaStreetSchoolHannibalHighSchoolMexicoElementaryPalermoElementaryNewHaven.ElementaryMexicoAcademyJuniorMexicoAcademySeniorHighSchoolCentralSquareCentralSquareBrewertonConstantiaClevelandCentralSquareCentralSquareFultonFultonFultonFultonFultonFultonFultonFultonFultonPulaskiPulaskiHannibalHannibalJtannibaIMexicoFultonNewHavenMexicoMexico33.830.637.051.553.133.832.222.520.924.122.522.520.920.920.924.128.922.525.725.725.715.320.98.015.315.3(21)SE(19)SE(23)SSE(32)SE(33)SE(21)SE(20)SE(14)S(13)S(15)S(14)S(14)S(13)S(13)S13)S15)S(18)ENE(14)ENE(16)SSW(16)SSW(16)SSW9.5)ESE13)SSE5)SE9.5)ESE9.5)ESE4965774604703327371,336161545497165215954846891p2177276155243867933772713008418034,4084,0681,3421,7032,5921of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-26(Cont)DistrictSchoolsLocationDistanceinkm(mi)andDirectionfromSationSchool"District~EnrolImenEnroIImentEnIargedCitySchooIDistrictofOswegoPhoenixContraISandyCreekCentralFitzhughParkSchoolKingsfordParkSchoolMinettoSchoolChariesE.RileySchoolFrederickLeightonSchoolOswegoMiddleSchoolOswegoHighSchoolEmersonJ.DiIlonSchoolElmStreetSchoolPennellvilleSchoolJohnC.BirdleboughHighSchoolSandyCreekElementaryOrweIIEIementarySandyCreekHighSchoolOswegoOswegoMinettoOswegoOswegoOswegoOswegoPhoenixPhoenixPennellvillePhoenixSandyCreekOrwellSandyCreek9.7(6.0)SW12.1(7.5)SW16.1(10)SSW10.5(6.5SW12.175SW12.17.5SE12.17.5SW32.2(20)SSE33.8(21)SSE28.9(18SSE32.2(20)SSE46.7(29)E33.8(21)ENE30.6(19)NE5225075015774038491p703903688175984429786615,0622,7501,168CountyTotaI(pubIic)24,7412of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-26(Cont)LOCATIONANDENROLLMENTOFNON-PUBLICSCHOOLSINOSWEGOCOUNTY-SEPTEMBER1982ParochialandDenominationalSchoolsIocationDistanceinkm(mi)andDirecionfromSaion~EnraIImenFultonCatholicSchoolSt.Paul'sAcademySt.Mary'sAcademyOswegoCatholicJuniorHighSchoolSeventhDayAdventistSchoolSouthwestChristianSchoolBishopCunninghamHighSchoolOswegoCommunityChristianSchoolFultonOswegoOswegoOswegoDextervilleOswegoOswegoOswego20.910.511.610.522.512.110.211.2(13)S(6.5)SW(7.2)SW(6.5)SW(14)SSW(7.5)SW(6.3)SW(7.0)SW213"1651715831%5818542CamusSchooISUNYCampusSchoolOswego14.5(9)SW321>>CountyTotal(nonpublic)1i244+1979data.SOURCES:Reference2Reference14Reference153of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-27SCHOOLDISTRICTSSERVINGCITIESANDTOWNSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATIONAltrnar-Parish-WiIIiamstownMexicoa~eademSandyCreekCentraICentraIPulaskiPhoenixHannibaIShrugre~nenraICentraICentraIFultonConsolidaedEnIargedCitySchoolDistricScribaNewHavenVolneyMexicoRichlandPaIermoOswegoOswegoCityMinettoXXXXXSOURCE:Reference21of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-28RECREATIONALFACILITIESWITHINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATIONTownCitScriba~raciiiTownPark~oeraaorLocationMunicipalityHayFlyRoadHecaresacres27.9(69)%A~elviTenniscourts,basketball,swimmingbeachandlockers,iceskatingrinkandlodge,andconcessionstandNineMilePointEnergyInformationCenterNMPCOffLakeRoadEnergyInformationCenterandpicnicareaOswegoTownTownParkMunicipalityCountyRoute713.3(32.8)Observationtower,picnictables,hiking,andcross-countryskitrailsCampHollisParkCountyOffHealthLakeRoadonLakeOntario12.1(30)Supervisedovernightcamping,swimmingpool,andplayfieldsMexicoHotchkissCommunityMunicipalityUSRoute104Park6.8(16.8)Baseballfields,picnicgrillsandtables,apedestrianandbicycletrail,andanenclosedswimmingpoolMexicoPointOswegoCityFortOntarioParkStateCityOffUSRoute104onLakeOntarioOffE.9thandSchuylerSt8.1(20.0)6.1(15)Boat-launchingsiteprovidingaccesstoLakeOntarioLittleleagueparkandstadium,lightedsoftballfieldwithseatingfor1,500,footballfields,tenniscourts,swimmingpool,picnicarea,iceskatingrink,artguild,andtheater.1of3

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-28(Cont)TownCit~aaciIit~carat.crLocationHecaresacres~Aci~vigOswegoCityWright'sLandingOswegoMarinaLeightonFieldFitzhughParkOakHilIParkPegIowParkHamiltonParkEastParkKingsfordParkWestParkCrisafulIiParkBreitbeckParkCityPrivateCityCityCityCityCityCityCityCityCityCityW.4thStreetE.1stStreetLeightonSchoolRuthStandHillsideAveFitzhughSchoolE.BridgeandE.10StE.7thandLawrenceStRileySchool4thandBunnerStE.7thandChurchStE.4thandBridgeStW.4thandNiagaraStW.3rdandSenecaStBronsonandOntarioStW.8thandLakeSt3.9(9.6)2.8(7)1.2(3)0.81(2)0.81(2)0.40(1)2.8(7)2.0(5)2.8(7)1.2(3)0.81(2)Publicboatlaunchwith3launchingpadswhichprovideaccesstoOswegoHarborandLakeOntarioPrivatemarinawithrentaI(weeklyorseasonal)mooringsforapproximately66boats,restaurant,houseboat,,andsailboatchartersBasebaIIfield,basketbaIIcourts,andfootballfieldTenniscourts,basebalIfield,andplayfieldPlaygroundBaseballfield,tenniscourts,basketballcourts,playfields,footballfieldPlayground,playfields,picnickingPIayground,pIayfieIdsPlayground,baseballfield,iceskatingrinkPlayground,playfieldsBaseballfield,playgroundPlayground,basketbaIIcourts,picnictables,coveredpavillion2of3 0

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-28(Cont)TownCit~Oerad'orLocationHecaresacresA~civitSchoolOswegoHighSchoolCityOswegoCityOswegoCatholicHighSchoolE.7thandBurdeleStW.2ndandW.UticaSt2.0(5)2.4(6)BasebaIIfield,playfieldsBaseballfield,tenniscourts,indoorpool,gymnasium,footballfieldOswegoBeachRiceCreekBiologicalCenterPiezHaIIPlanetariumFaIibrookStablesandSkiLodgeRomneyFieldHouseCitySUNYatOswegoSUNYatOswegoSUNYatOswegoSUNYatOswegoWashingtonBlvdThompsonRd,OswegoCampusOswegoCampusThompsonRd,OswegoCampusSheldonAve,OswegoCampus33.6(83)NA58.7(145)AccesstoLakeOntario,swimmingBiologicalinformationcenter,markedhikingtraiIsPlanetarium,sciencecenterRidingtrails,indoorandoutdoorpaddock,20miofcross-countryskitrails,lodge,skislope,andtowSkatingrink,basketballcourt,weightroom,gymnasium,track+20acresinactiveuse.SOURCES:Reference10Reference18Reference193of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-29MAJORCIUBSANDORGANIZATIONSINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEPOINTSTATIONAmericanAssociationofUniversityWomenBenevolentandProtectiveOrderofElksNo.271DaughtersoftheAmericanRevolutionAncientOrderofHiberniansFortnightlyClubHeritageFoundationofOswegoKiwanisClubofOswegoLakeCityLodgeNo.127Lavere-HarringtonPost2320,VFWLeatherstockingClubLoyalOrderofMooseNo.743WilliamS.MonaghanPost268OrderofEasternStarOswegoArtGuild,Inc.OswegoChapter,BusinessandProfessionalWoman'sClubOswegoCouncilNo.227KnightsofColumbusOswegoCountryCluk,OswegoCountyCouncilontheArtsOswegoCountyHistoricalSocietyOswegoCountyRadioAmateursAssociationOswegoCountyRepublicanCommitteeOswegoGardenClubOswegoJayceesOswegoJaynceesOswegoIionsClubOswegoPlayers,Inc.OswegoPolish-AmericanClubOswegoSeniorCitizensClubOswegoValleyLeagueofWomenVotersOswegoWoman'sCivicCouncilQuattrini-DehmPost,5885VFWRetiredSeniorVolunteerProgramRotaryClubofOswegoSonsofItalyinAmericaWinterClubWomen'sCityClubofOswegoZontaClubofOswegoSOURCE:Reference101of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-30SUMMARYOFOUTDOORRECREATIONAREASANDOPENSPACEINOSWEGOCOUNTYJurisdictionPARKSNewYorkStateRecreationAreaLocationBattleIslandStateParkTownofGranby,Route48SelkirkShoresStateParkTownofRichland,Route3Hecaresacres95.1(235)397.4(982)~AcIvitGolf,fishing,hiking,snowmobilingCamping,fishing,hiking,swimming,picnickingMANAGEMENTAREASNewYorkStateFortOntarioBargeCanalLandFishHatcheryRoadsideParksCurtissGameManagementArea-HappyValleyGameManagementAreaLittleJohnGameManagementAreaThreeMileBayGameManagementAreaCityofOswegoUSRoute104TownsofGranby,Schroeppel,VolneyTownofConstantia,Route49TownofHastings,I-81,andPaIermo,Route3TownofVolney,Route57TownsofAlbion,Amboy,Parish,Williamstown,Route126TownsofBolyston,RedfieId,0IdCountryRoute17TownsofConstantia,WestMonroe,Route4961(15)74.1(183)8.1(20)1.6(4)18.2(45)3,490.1(8,624)3,246.1(8,021)1,214.1(3,000)HistoricalfortandcemeteryPicnicking,fishingPicnickingFishingLimitedhuntingandfishingHunting,hiking,andfishingPicnicking,boatlaunch1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-30(Cont)urisdictionREFORESTATIONAREASNewYorkStateOswegoCountyRecreaionAreaReforestationAreaReforestationArea~LocalooTownsofAlbion,Amboy,Bolyston,Orwell,Redfield,andParishTownsofAlbion,HarmibaI,Parish,NewHaven,WilIiamstown,Volney,andScribaHectaresacres8,305.3(20,522)971.3(2,400)A~c~iviHunting,fishing,picnicking,boatlaunch(inRedfieldonly)HuntingandfishingSEMIPUBLICRECREATIONAREASBoyScoutsofAmericaCamp12PinesCampWoodlandTownofAmboy,OldCountyRoute26ATownofConstantia,OldCountyRoute2380.1(198)Camping404.7(1,000)CampingGirlScoutsofAmericaCampfireGirlsChurchSyracuseBoysClubCampNearWildernessCampAldensWoodsCampGlengarraCampTaIooIiCampVanderCampZerbeTownofAmboy,OldCountyRoute26TownofHastingsTownofAmboy,OldCountyRoute17TownofSchroeppel,OldCountyRoute54TownofCorstantia,NYRoute49TownofWilliamstown,OldCountyRoute12670.0(173)14.9(37)263.9(652)47.8(118)242.8(600)147.7(365)CampingCampingCampingCampingCampingCampingSOURCE:Reference162of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-31MARINASINOSWEGOCOUNTYMarinaFacilitiesBoatingCapacity(No.of~PeoleTanner'sMarina80piermoorings,boatstorage,equip-mentsales,repairs,service634SpruceGroveMarina50piermoorings,boatstorage,equip-mentsales,repairs495Kenny'sBoatLivery15anchoragemoorings,2launchramps,boatstorage,service607Jone'sMarina36piermoorings,1launchramp,service432Bartlett'sBaitShop20piermoorings,1launchramp,serviceNAFreeman'sMarine22piermoorings,1launchrampReitersMarina28piermoorings,1*launchramp315SeberShoresMarina10piermoorings,1launchrampNAPenoyersMarina75piermoorings,boatstorage,service612DelBlissMarina75piermoorings,boatstorage,1launchramp612Brabury'sBoatel150piermoorings,1launchramp945Fuller'sGrovePiermoorings2701of2

NineMilePaintUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-31(Cont)MarinaFacilitiesBoatingCapacity(No.of~PealeWright'sLandingOswegoMarina3launchramps66piermoorings,boatstorage,2launchrampsNA837ClevelandMarinaPiermoorings,1launchramp274Lock7MarinaPiermoorings279Small'sBoat,LiveryMoorings,1launchramp270MexicoPointStateMarina4launchramps540John'sBoatsEcBait1launchramp,service270SOURCES:Reference23Reference242of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-32OSWEGOCOUNTYGOLFCOURSESNameBattleIslandGreenAcresRiverviewLenMarGreensEasy-ParCountryClubEmeraldCrestBrownTroutLodgeTheElmsNorthShoreGolfClubOswegoCountryClub(Private)BeaverMeadows(Private)LocationTownTownTownTownTownofGranbyofWestMonroeofHastingsofRichlandofOswegoTownofPalermoTownofOrwellTownofSandyCreekTownofConstantiaCityofOswegoTownofSchroeppelHectaresacres95.1(235)70.8(175)64.8(160)30.6(76)30.4(75)24.3(60)121.4(300)23.1(57)60.7(150)64.8(160)80.9(200)SOURCE:Reference161of1

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-33COHHERCIALCAHPGROUNDSINOSWEGOCOUNTYNameFlatRockCampsiteDowieDaleBeachRegan'sSilverLakeLortonLakeTrailerandCampBrennanBeachChed-HardoFarmWhiteSandsBeachSandyPondBeachRainbowShoresWhisperingPinesLocationTownofHexicoTownofNewHaven,USRoute104BTownofOswego,CountyRoute7TownofOrwell,CountyRoute30TownofRichland,NYRoute3TownofRichland,NYRoute3TownofRichlandTownofSandyCreek,NYRoute3TownofSandyCreek,NYRoute3TownofSandyCreek,NYRoute3Hectaresacres16.2(40)40.5(100)12.1(30)40.5(100)24.3(60)24.3(60)14.2(35)64.8(160)10.5(26)20.2(50)~caaaiaaa"76electrifiedsites160electrifiedsites25electrifiedsites50electrifiedsites400vehiclesites140electrifiedsites200electrifiedsites140electrifiedsites140electrifiedsites50electrifiedsites~Caacii6571,2689185442,1491p8791,9637361,276545"AlIsitesarevacationonly.SOURCES:Reference16Reference23Reference241of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5"34HISTORICSITESWITHIN15KMOFUNIT2LandmarkLocationApproximateDistanceandDirectionFromUnit2~tnDescriionandPresentUseOswegoCityLibrary120E.SecondSt.Oswego10.8SWNationalRegisterhistoricsite.NotablearchitectureandoneofoldestcontinuaIlyusedcitylibrariesinthecounty.GiventoOswegobyGerritSmithin1855.FortOntarioOswegoMarketHouseRichardson-BatesHouseU.S.CustomHouse6WaltonILWillettStoneHouseFortOswego8OswegoHarbor9SpyIslandE.SeventhSt.OswegoWaterSt.Oswego135E.SecondSt.OswegoW.OneidaSt.FirstandSecondSt.Oswego1SenecaSt.OswegoCornerofW.FirstandVanBurenSt.OswegoE.FirstSt.OswegoAtmouthofLittleSalmonRiver,NYS-104B,Mexico10.0SW11.0SW10.8SW11.2SW10.5SW11.0SW10.8SW12.3ENationalRegisterhistoricsite.Builtin1755,firstEnglishfootholdinalIGreatLakesregion.JusttotheeastisanoldmilitarycemeterydatingfromFrenchandIndianWar.NationalRegisterhistoricsite.Builtin1835.NationalRegisterhistoricsite.Builtbetween1867and1871byMaxwelIRichardson.AnexampleofTuscanViIlaVictorianArchitecture.DonatedtoOswegoCountyHistoricalSocietyasamuseumin1946.NationalRegisterhistoricsite.NationalRegisterhistoricsite.Locallysignificanthistoricsite.BuiltbyBritishin1727anddestroyedbyFrenchin1756.Sitemarkedwithstonemarker,Locallysignificanthistoricsite.MostimportantportonAmericansideofLakeOntario.HerethrivedatremendouswatercommerceandanextensivemiIIingindustryinthelatterhaIfof19thcentury.Locallysignificanthistoricsite.LocationofgraveofSilasTowne,RevolutionarywarspyforGeneraIWashington.1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.5-3II(Cont)~NaNoLandmark~LocaionApproximateDistanceandDirectionFromUni2kmDescritionandPresenUse10ArthurTavernFruitValleyCommunity12OswegoCityHalI13SheldonHaIICo.Route16MexicoUS10IIW.OswegoW.OneidaSt.OswegoWashingtonSt.Oswego13.2ESE15.0SW11.2SW12.8SWLocallysignificanthistoricsite.Builtcirca1839byAlexDanby.Locallysignificanthistoricsite.CommunitycontainsgraveyardwithburialplaceofDr.MaryWalker,notedfeministandwinnerofCongressionalMedalofHonorforservingasaCivilWarnurse,andahousereputedtohavebeenastationontheundergroundrailroadaidingtheescapeoffugitivesIaves.NationalRegisterhistoricsite.NationalRegisterhistoricsite.+SeeFigure2.5-19.SOURCE:Reference252of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE25-35CULTURALRESOURCESITESWITHIN15KMOPUNIT2~uaNo.<<)ResourceWiteLocationApproximateDistanceandDirectionfromUnit2kmApproximateDistancefromCenterlineofTransmissionCorridor101213141516171819SawmillSchoolhouse12Schoolhouse15Schoolhouse16StavefactoryStoreCemeterySchoolhouse13BlacksmithshopCemeteryBaptistchurchSchoolhouse14CheesefactoryBlacksmithshopGroceryandpostofficeHarnessshopandgroceryBlacksmithshopI.HubbleSCo.Schoolhouse4NorthRd,ScribaNorthRd,ScribaLakeRd,ScribaLakeRd,ScribaNYS29,ScribaNorthRd,ScribaNorthRd,ScribaNorthRd,scribaNorthRd,-ScribaNorthRd,ScribaNorthRd,ScribaNYS29,ScribaNYS29,scribacnorthRd,ScribaNorthRd,ScribaNorthRd,ScribaNorthRd,scribaMiddleRd,ScribaUS104,Scriba1of412SW1e2SW1~3SW21E17ESE43SSW41SSW39SSW3-9S38SSE38SSE39SSE3-4SSE41SSE4.1SSE4~1SSE45SE52SSW78SW17(2D1507121.21.618181.71.7(RD 4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS~saNo.<<>ResourceTABLE2.5-35(Cont)SiteLocationApproximateDistanceandDirectionfromUnit2ApproximateDistancefromCenterlineofTransmissionCorridor~~ke2021222324252627282930313233CoopershopSchoolhouse10,coopershops,store,sashfactoryMethodist-Episcopalchurch,hotel,shoeshop,storeandpostoffice,blacksmithshops,wagonshopCemeterySawmillSchoolhouse3Schoolhouse7StoreCidermillcoopershopWagonandblacksmithshopSteamsawmillSawmillSchoolhouse6BlacksmithshopSchoolhouse21US104,ScribaVS104,ScribaKlocksCornersRd,ScribaKlocksCornersRdfScribaUS104,ScribaNYS51A,Scriba~NYS51A,ScribaNYS51A,ScribaNYS29,ScribaO'connorRd,ScribaO'onnorRd,ScribaO'onnorRd,ScribaHallRd,ScribaHallRd,ScribaMt.PleasantRd,Scriba71SSW6.5SSW69SSW7.2SSW60S72SSE72SSE7.9SSE80SSE96SSE9.8SSE99SSE105S10.6SSE12.7SSEC250510101806030101090.71.42of4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS~saNo.r<>ResourceTABLE2.5-35(Cont)SiteLocationApproximateDistanceandDirectionfromUnit2km-ApproximateDistancefromCenterlineofTransmissionCorridor35363738394044464764CemeteryH.BrownHotelandstoreSchoolhouse5CheesefactorySawmillSchoolhouse3HarnessshopCoopershopCoopershopSchoolhouse17Schoolhouse18Schoolhouse8StavemanufactoryStavemanufactorySchoolhouse9Schoolhouse10Methodist-EpiscopalchurchSawmillHallRd,>cribaBallRd,ScribaayersRd,ScribaHhittemoreRd,scribaMyersRd,ScribaHall'Rd,scribaHallRd,scribaNYS53,ScribaNYS53,ScribaOiConnorRd,ScribaNorthRd,NewHaven-MiddleRd,NewHavenNYS51A,NewHavenNYS51,NewHavenNYS51,NewHavenN.VolneyRd,VolneyN.VolneyRd,VolneyBlackCreekRd,Volney102S100S107S107S309S95SSM95SSR87SSW88'SSM85S44SE61SE85SSE98SSE119SE139SSE138SSE128S1.5CR1CRlC20CRSCR>CR>C2'iCR%15CRQCRJC2$Ca>C2>1.818CR>3of4 1

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLS~MaNo.<<>ReeooroeTABLE2.5-35(Cont)SiteLocationApproximateDistanceandDirectionfromUnit2ApproximateDistancefromCenterlineofTransmissionCorridor7273Schoolhouse11CoopershopFlouringmillFlouringmillFlouringmillNYS45,VolneyNYS45,VolneyNorthRd,Scriba0'onnorRd,ScribaHallRd,Scriba144S14.4S5.2SW99SSE107SC2>C2>C2$020.8c<OSeeFigure2.5-19<<>Morethan2kmfromtransmissioncorridor.4of4

20KMOUNTys1BoylstonIRedtieldlzIISALNONR/VERIoIoSandyCreekLAKEONTA/r'/0IOrwellSITFcityotOswegoOswegoafoIISterling~IHannibalO~RESERVOIRr~IIRichlndIL.)cnII/IwNewI/IHavenScribaIMexico//G~~OWilliamstown////Volney//<~/yPalero/N~T/AmboyC0//I/8clf/Hastings//~~i//eFuttonWest/(/MpT'iIonroe//Constantia///(cI0//~~./OArE/OALAj(E//SchroeppelIGranbyIONONDAGAIOIz0369SCALE-MILES05IOl5SCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.5"1COUNTIESANDTOWNSWITHIN20-KMOFSITENIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-VNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

hso90Isogd'lg)//JEFFERSONlhutertownIILEOlLCOUNTYllIr----WISCOUNTY80KMAIIIIlohOswego0SWEG0COUHTY///4)IIONEIDA(/AKEONEIDACOUNTYIIFultonLlohIIIIOhIOir'IRomeconRA~WAYNECOUNTYIICAYUGAJ90ONONDAGAI/AKE90'0L~III.eelCOUNTYL~SrracuseAuburnIONONDAGACOUNTYIONTARIOCanandaiquaelrrloosoIL.~SenecaillsIMADISONCOUNTYsoGenevaIYASC/.SENECAISENECALCAYl/GACOUNTYLYATES/()j((CORTLANDCOUNTYrllandKEUKAE.TOMPKINSIthacaIIIIIIILPiPL~IHASTINGSLENOXIFOHLADDItlGTONlKingstonreIPRINCEE'DIFAQDDAYQ,iIPRINCE/~AfEDWARDPT./r//CoIh/EIIICODAYCANADA0U'NlTEDPNINEMILEPOINTpI0I"NUCLEARSTATIONUNIT21020SCALE-,MILES2040SCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.5-2POLITICALBOUNDARIESOFCOUNTIESANDPOPULATIONCENTERSWITHIN80-KMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

GreenoroLA/I'0N7ArV/0PutaskildoJIJ59J6699tgIIIt95I59IJO68IOdl~Iddt65IJ6t4It45520KM(tttdl~pg5p,l66tr556tld6JJrt9JIlIcoll66JIJOtIJJI/5OitlKAOAGLAKEltd.6IOIo4469tdl5ft5+tlI545OILAKEHEATAHSAII/TAIJ5969FultonltdJ6ICentralSquarePANTHER~LAKEConstantiaDIVE/DALAKECiceroFIGURE2.5-310SCALE-MILES5'IOI520SCALE-KILOMETERSI980POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT

GreenoroLAKE0NTAIri'0Pulaski/ldJ9/6/865IJZJdI6S/O/5556OS665IOJSSJOJ/76SIIS596656Id//6968IO/7Jdd/'OJrKMf64d///JJSO/ICO~(OIt/+iVEpNSKAOA8LAKE46996665fdd/4!I'6Odd/LAKENEATAHILDANTAIJ/Sd/Fulton5/51/CentralSquarePANTHERLAKEConstantiaONEIOALAKECiceroFIGURE2.5-410SCALE-MILES510I520SCALE-KILOMETERSI985POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT

GreenoroLAKE0N7AE/0PulaskiI/96976/6'8IOdd/dJ69//97Id/deed669lid/IJIJIJ69OSIO6749699JJJ967/99JIO7666620KM/JOE/~ptt~p,lOtgIdddde.d/O/7/6/OIJdld/ICO0/t/KAOA8LAKEJld9l667JILAKENFATAHIr//ADTA/dodd/Fulton/9664/CentralSquarePAA'THERLAKEConstantiaONEIOALAKECicero10SCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.5-5SCALE-MILES051015201990POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT 0

GreenoroLAK'0N7A/7/0Pulaski/999////SSI9<,J66ROKM/J696/T/46/JIIcoO/t//9764/JZ9668Io6//9/IIII/SS/SZSS66/J/JJ/96/SrJ990S466669ZJO99//696JS4/929/+iVE~pg5qgKAOAGLAKE/JJ,6II/6749/J69/I/7569//66T4/FultonPANTHE/7LAKELAKENEATAHSANTACentralSquareConstantia0NE1DALAKECicero10SCALE-MILES05101520SCALE-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.5-62000POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT

GreenoroLA/I'0N7API0PulaskiIles///9776/JP,64968IOlid6979/9TZIleIZZ69elJelree'~/66>>lleJ6666969lye9696764666696>>6J694paKM/666JI9776leo4667/O~+iVE~pNKAOA8LAKE!If46IIJJI6666deleJ/46J967//6696/LAKENEATAHJYANTAdede/Fulton/494//CentralSquare/ANTHER~LAKEConstantia0NeDALAKECiceroFIGURE2.5-7IOSCALE-MILES5101520SCALE-KILOMETERS2010POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT

GreenoroLAKE0N7Aii'0PulaskiJe,rllSJSdeel'SSl9zdsrJdeedesirrdlJeeV)PlClOrweJ68IOIJrIJrl+lJ49didJld96SSSJsdd20KM(dSIJlSdrJlICOOUI(6SSJ(ptt5KAOA8LAKEf9999l(6699/FultonLAKENEATAHlt(ANTAseeJlCentralSquarePAN'THERLAKEConstantiaONEIDALAKECiceroIOSCALE-MILES05101520SCALF.-KILOMETERSFIGURE2.5-82020POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-20KMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT N'

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NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTSSectionTitleVolumeChapter11.11.21.3Appendix1AAppendix1BINTRODUCTIONProposedProjectStatusofReviewsandApprovalsCrossReferencetoRegulatoryGuide4.2,Revision2Chapter22.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.92.10ENVIRONMENTALDESCRIPTIONSDescriptionoftheStationLocationLandUseWaterEcologySocioeconomicsGeologyMeteorologyRelatedFederalProject,ActivitiesAmbientAirQualityNoiseChapter33.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.8PLANTDESCRIPTIONExternalAppearanceandPlantLayoutReactorSteam-ElectricSystemPlantWaterUseCoolingSystemsRadioactiveWasteManagementSystemsNonradioactiveWasteSystemsPowerTransmissionSystemsTransportationofRadioactiveMaterialsChapter4ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFCONSTRUCTION Nine.MilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)SectionChapter5TitleENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFSTATIONOPERATIONVolume5.15.25.35.45.55.65.75.85.95.10Appendix5ALandUseImpactsHydrologicalAlterations,PlantWaterSupply,andWaterUseImpactsCoolingSystemImpactsRadiologicalImpactsfromRoutineOperationNonradioactiveWasteSystemImpactsTransmissionSystemImpactsUraniumFuelCycleI'mpactsSocioeconomicImpactsDecommissioningandDismantlingMeasuresandControlstoLimitAdverseImpactsChapter6ENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSAND,MONITORINGPROGRAMS6.16.26.36.46~56.66.76~8ThermalRadiologicalHydrologicalMeteorologicalMonitoringBiologicalChemicalOtherMonitoringProgramsEnvironmentalMeasurementsandMonitoringPrograms3333333Chapter7ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFPOSTULATEDACCIDENTSINVOLVINGRADIOACTIVE,MATERIALS7.17.2Appendix7AAppendix7BAppendix7CPlantAccidentsTransportationAccidentsChapter8THENEEDFORTHEPLANT NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)SectionChapter9TitleALTERNATIVESTOTHEPROJECTVolumeChapter1010.110.210.310.4EVALUATIONOFTHEPROPOSEDACTIONSummaryofUnavoidableAdverseEnvironmentalImpactsIrreversibleandIrretrievableCommitmentsofResourcesRelationshipBetweenShort-TermUsesandLong-TermProductivityofMan'sEnvironmentBenefit;-CostBalanceChapterllSUMMARYOFACTIONSTAKEN

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.6GEOLOGYDetailedinformationrelatingtosoil,characteristics,topography,physiography,stratigraphy,andseismichistoryispresentedinFSARSection2.5.2.6-1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.7METEOROLOGYThefollowingsectionsprovidesummariesofmeteorologicalinformationcompiledinadetailedtechnicalreportpreparedinsupportoftheUnit2ER-OLS,'.Where,appropriate,referencestorelatedFSARsectionshavebeenprovided.2.7.1GeneralDescriptionofRegionalClimateThegeneralclimateinthevicinityofNineMilePointisbestdescribedashumidcontinental.Colddryairmassesfromthenortherninteriorofthecontinentdominateinthewintermonths,whilewarmermoistairmassesoriginatingfromthesouthandsouthwestprevailfromspringthroughfall.Nearlyallstormsystemsandtheirassociatedfrontsmovingeastwardacrossthecontinentpassthroughornearnorth-centralNew.York.ThesestormtracksandtheinfluenceoftheGreatLakesproducethecharacteristicallycloudyclimateoftheregionfromlatefallthroughspring.TheSyracuseNationalWeatherService(NWS)stationisthenearestandmostrepresentativefirstorderstationwithavailablelong-termclimatologicalrecords.Theprevailingwindisfromthewest-northwestatanannualaveragespeedof4m/s(10mph).TheannualmeantemperatureatSyracuseis8'C(48.1F)~Precipitationiswelldistributedthroughouttheyear,withamonthlyaverageof8cm(3in).Snowfalltendstobeheavyintheregion,averagingover254cm(100in)eachyear.TheinfluenceofLakeOntarioontheweatherismostapparentduringlakebreezesandduringlake-effectsnowsqualls.Furthermore,thepresenceofthelaketendstosuppressthetemperatureextremesandincreasewindspeedsinthevicinity.AdetaileddescriptionoftheregionalclimateandlocalmeteorologyappearsinFSARSection2.3.I2.7,.2SeasonalandAnnualFrequenciesofSevereWeatherPhenomenaTheNineMilePointregionislocatedsufficientlyinlandfromtheAtlanticOceansothatfrom1900through1980nohurricanestraversedthenearbyvicinity.Tornadoes,althoughrare,occurduringthespringandsummermonths.During1951through1980,14tornadoeswerereportedwithina2deglatitudeby2deglongitudeareacentered,onUnit2.2.7-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThunderstormsandlightningarealsoseasonalphenomena.TheSyracuseNWSstationrecordsshowanaverageof29thunderstormdaysperyear,with27ofthedaysoccurringduringthespringandsummer.L'ightningcanbeconservativelyexpectedtostrikeasquarekilometeroftheNineMi'lePointregionabout9timesperyear(23timespersqmi).Hail,associatedwithseverethunderstorms,isarelativelyrareoccurrenceintheregion.Anannualfrequencyof1to2hailstorms'per'earistheclimatologicalnormalfortheregion.Freezingrainordrizzlehaveaclimatologicalfrequencyof8to12daysperyear'ntheregion.AdditionalinformationonsevereweatheroccurrencesappearsinFSARSection2.3.1.2.7.3DescriptionofLocalAirflowPatternsandCharacter-isticsTheanalysisofthelocalmeteorologyattheNineMilePointsite'isbasedupon5yrofdata(January1974throughDecembe'r1976andNovember1978throughOctober1980)collectedattheonsitemeteorologicaltower.Theanalysisofregionalmeteorologyisbasedonlong-termdata,anddataconcurrentwiththeonsiterecord,measuredattheSyracuseNWSstation.AfulldescriptionofthelocalmeteorologyanalysisispresentedinFSARSection2.3.2.DetailedsummariesofthemeteorologicalparametersmeasuredonsiteandattheSyracuseNWSstationarepresentedinFSARAppendix2B.Onsitemeteorologicalsummariesofthe5-yrdatabasearetabulatedforwind,=stability,temperature,precipitation,andatmosphericmoisturevariables.Winddirection,speed,andstabilitydistributionsfortheperiodconcurrentwiththeonsiterecordaswellasforlong-termtimeperiodsaretabulatedfortheSyracuseNWSstation.Climatologicaldistributionsofmeteorologicalvariablesnotroutinelymonitoredatthesitearealsosummarized,baseduponlong-termclimatologicalrecords.ComparisonsofkeymeteorologicalvariablesmeasuredonsiteandattheSyracuseNWSstationarepresentedtoensuretherepresentativenessofthe5-yronsitemeasurementstothelong-termlocalmeteorology.Thedifferencesbetweenthedatasetshavebeenassessed,anditisconcludedthattheonsiteand/orlong-termSyracuseNWSdatareasonablyrepresentthemeteorologicalconditionsexpectedoverthe2~72

~NineMile'PointUnit2ER-OLSlifetimeoftheplant.2;.7.4Long-Term(Routine)DiffusionEstimates'PUnit2-islocatedontheflatLakeOntario-plain.'hetopographyofthe".surrounding:regionvaries.:..frompredominantlyflattorollingterrain..Thus,there.arenosevereterrainfeatures,suchasdeepvalleysormountains,tocomplicatetheatmospherictransportanddiffusionofradionuclidesfromtheplant.Theonsitemeteorologicaltower,locatedonthelakeplain,isparticularlywellsuitedtomeasurethemeteorologicalconditionsthatdeterminetheatmospherictransportoftheplant'seffluents.Meteorologicaldatacollectedatthistowerfora5-yrperiodhavebeenusedtoassessatmosphericdiffusion.MeteorologicalsummariesofthisdatabasearepresentedinFSARSection2'.2andFSARAppendix2B.Inaddition,afulldescriptionofthetower,itslocationandinstrumentation,ispresentedinFSARSection2.3.3.TwopotentialsourcesforradionuclidereleaseshavebeenconsideredforUnit2:themainstackandthecombinedradwasteandreactorbuildingvent.Annualandgrazingseason(April15throughOctober14)estimatesofaveragerelativeconcentration(X/Q)andrelativedepositionperunitarea(D/Q)havebeencalculatedbyanatmosphericdiffusionmodel.TheatmosphericdiffusionmodelfollowstheguidancesetforthinRegulatoryGuide1.111.SpecificdetailsregardingthismodelarepresentedinFSARSection2.3.5.TheannualandgrazingseasonX/QandD/Qvaluesforbothsourcesarecalculatedatdistancesrangingfrom1.0km(0.6mi)to80km(50mi).Inaddition,theX/QandD/Qvaluesattheappropriatelocationsofmilkanimals,meatanimals,vegetablegardens,andresidenceshavebeentabulatedfortheannualandgrazingseasontimescalesinAppendix7B.2~73 NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLS2.7.5Reference1.MeteorologicalandRadiologicalTechnicalReportinSupportoftheNineMilePoint-Unit2EnvironmentalReport-OperatingLicenseStage.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.byMeteorologicalEvaluationServices,Inc.July1982.2.7-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.8RELATEDFEDERALPROJECTACTIVITIESTherearenofederalproj'ectactivitiesrelatedtoplantsiting,transmissionlinerouting,plantwatersupply,ortheneedforpower.Therefore,'ofurtherdiscussionisnecessary.2.8-1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.9AMBIENTAIRQUALITY2.9.1AirQualityDataBaseTheUnit2siteislocatedintheCentralNewYorkIntrastateAirQualityControlRegion,approximately10km(6.2mi)northeastofOswego,NY.Theambient,a'qualityoftheOswegoareaismonitoredcontinuouslybyNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(NMPC)aspartofthefieldmonitoringnetworkassociatedwiththeOswegoSteamStationandintermittentlybytheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC)aspartoftheirstatewidenetworktosatisfymandatesoftheCleanAirAct.TheNMPCambientairqualitynetworkoriginallyconsistedofsixstations,whichmonitoredsulfurdioxide(SO>)andtotalsuspendedparticulates(TSP).Fourofthestationsarepresentlyoperating.Threeofthesefourstationsadditionallymonitorednitrogendioxide(NO<)andoxidesofnitrogen(NOx).Table2.9-1liststhepollutantsmeasuredateachstationanddescribesthelocationofeachstationrelativetotheUnit2site.TheNYSDECairqualitynetworkinthevicinityoftheUnit,2site(OswegoCounty)consistsofthreemonitoringsites,allofwhichmeasureTSP.Previously,twoofthesitesmeasuredSO>andsettleableparticulates'hismonitoringwasterminatedin1979.AsshownonFigure2.9-1,allnineambientairqualitymonitoringsitesarelocatedwithin25km(15.5mi)oftheUnit2site.Availableairqualitydatafromallninemonitoringsitesforthe,years1976through1979,andforthefirsthalfof1980arereportedinthissection.Theclosestozone-monitoringsitestoNineMilePointarelocatedinSyracuse,NY,whichisapproximately53km(32.8mi)tothesoutheast.Sinceozonecanoftenbecharacterizedonaregionalbasis,ozonedatafromthetwoSyracusemonitoringsitesfor1976through1979arealsopresented.AsshownonFigure2.9-1,severalofthemonitoringsites(Sites2,4,7,8,and9)arelocatedinenvironmentsthataremoreurbaninnaturethantheUnit2site,andtwoofthesites(Sites1and5)arelocatedatpointswhichareexpectedtoshowmaximumconcentrationsattributabletotheoperationoftheoil-firedOswegoSteamStation.Datafromtheseambientmonitoringsitesprovideaconservative2.9-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLScharacterizationoftheexistingairqualityatNineMilePoint.2.9'AnalysisofSulfurDioxide-MonitoringDataAllNMPCmonitoringstationsmonitorSO<continuouslywithMeloyFlamePhotometricAnalyzers.TwooftheNYSDECstationsmonitoredSO<intermittentlywithbubblersusingWest-Gaekeprocedures.Thebubblerdataarepresentedonlyforcomparison,sincethebubblermethodsarebeingphasedoutbytheregulatoryagenciesandthetwoNYSDECstationsnolongermonitorSO+.NomeasurementsinexcessofstateorfederalprimaryorsecondarySO<ambientairqualitystandards(Table2.9-2)wererecordedatanyofthemonitoringsitesduringtheperiodofanalysis.Thisisconsistentwiththe=EPA'sdesignationofSO<airqualityinthisairqualitycontrolregionas"unclassifiedorbetterthannationalstandards."'SO<-monitoringresultsarepresentedinTable2.9-3.2.9.3AnalysisofTotalSuspendedParticulates-MonitorirgDataAnalysisoftheambientairqualitymonitoringdataforTSP,whichismonitoredevery6days,indicatescompliancewithfederalandstate24-hrandannualprimarystandardsat,allninesitesandcompliancewiththefederal24-hrsecondarystandardatallsitesandinallyears,exceptfortheAlcansitein1977and1980,andtheDutchRidgesitein.1980.,Thesecondhighest24-hraverageTSPlevelrecordedattheAlcanstationwas168ug/cumin1977and174.4ug/cumin1980;at,theDutchRidgestation,itwas180.6ug/cumin1980.Thesevaluesexceededthesecondarystandardof150ug/cum.ThesehighTSPconcentrationsoccurredondayswhenthewinddirectionwasfromthesoutheasttothenortheast,awinddirectionthatcarriestheOswegoplumeawayfromthemonitors.Therefore,theOswegoplantemissionswerenotthecauseofthesehighconcentrations.Possiblecauseswerefugitivedustfromlocalconstructionactivitiesandruralroadways.TSP-monitoringresultsarepresentedinTable2.9-4.TheEPAhasdesignatedtheentireCentralNewYorkAirQualityControlRegionexceptSyracuse,EastSyracuse,andSolvaytobeinattainmentforbothprimaryandsecondaryambientTSPstandards'~'.2.9-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.9.4AnalysisofNitrogenDioxide-MonitoringDataContinuousNO~monitoringwasperformedattwooftheNMPCstationsthroughouttheperiodofanalysiswithThermoElectronChemiluminescentAnalyzers.MonitoringwasperformedatSites1and4priortoSeptember1978andatSites1and5fromSeptember1978to1980.NO@-monitoringresultsarepresentedinTable2.9-5andindicatethatthefederalandstateannualaverageambientairqualitystandardsof0.05ppmwerenotexceededinthevicinityofNineMilePoint.EPAhasclassifiedtheNO<airqualityoftheCentralNewYorkAirQualityControlRegionas"cannotbeclassifiedorbetterthannationalstandards."'.9.5AnalysisofSettleableParticulates-MonitoringDataTwooftheNYSDECmonitoringstationspreviouslymeasuredsettleableparticulatesin30-daydustfalljars.ThesesitesarelocatedinFultonandOswegoandareclassifiedbyNYSDECasLevelIIandLevelIIIareas,respectively.Table2.9-2(footnote2)providesadescriptionoftheNewYorkStateclassificationsystem.TheappropriatestatestandardsfortheFultonsiteare0.30mg/sqcm/30daysforthe50thpercentileand0.45mg/sqcm/30daysforthe84thpercentile.Thestatestandardsforthe50thand84thpercentilesattheOswegositeare0.40mg/sqcm/30daysand0.60mg/sqcm/30days,respectively.Table2.9-6showsthatthesestatestandardsweremetat,bothsitesin1976,1977,and1978.Samplingwasterminatedduring1979atthesetwostations.2.9.6AnalysisofOzone-MonitoringDataThetwoozone-monitoringstationsinSyracuseutilizetheFederalReferenceMethodofcontinuouschemiluminescence.Ozone-monitoringresultsarepresentedinTable2.9-7.The1-hraveragefederalambientairqualitystandardforozone(0.12ppm)wasexceededatthedowntownsitein1978andatthenewSyracusesitein1979.TheselevelsareconsistentwiththeEPA'sclassificationoftheCentralNewYorkAirQualityControlRegionas"nonattainmentoftheozonestandard."'~'.9.7ConclusionsTheambientairqualitydatacollectedbyNMPCandNYSDECduringtheperiodJanuary1976throughJune1980within25km(15.5mi)oftheUnit2siteindicatethatlevelsofSO<,NO<,andsettleableparticulatesareincompliancewithallfederalandstateambientairqualitystandards.2.9-3

~.4**E NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.9.8Referencesl.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.AttainmentStatusDesignations,40CFR8495-8497,January27,1981.2.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.AttainmentStatusDesignations,40CFR81.333,July1,1980.3.NewYorkStateAirQualityReport.NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,Annual1976,1977,1978,and1979.4.AmbientAirMonitoringintheVicinityoftheOswegoSteamStation.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,EnvironmentalAffairsDepartment.SemiannualReportsforJanuary1976throughJune1980.2.9-5

NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OISTABLE29-1AIRQUALITYMONITORINGSTATIONSINTHEVICINITYOFTH"UNIT2SITESite<>>MonitorinStation~aeratorDistancefromUnit2SiteDownwindDirection<<>~dec~North/~km~est~km/UTMCoordinatesPollutantsMonitoredAlcanPalomaNMPCOswegoPostOfficeOswego-RileySchoolNYSDECNYSDECSUNYEastSideReservoirDutchRidgeFairdaleTapFultonJr.HighSchoolNYSDEC58/3.612.9/8.015.0/93110/68101/6323.1/14.422.1/13.711.8/7.3113/704542573920135041379.404,81125383.104,810.60SO+<~>,NO+/NOx<<>,TSP<~>SO+,NO~/NOx<>>,TSP381154~79815SOg<~>,TSP<~>385.54,797.5377.74,812237904i8113TSPiSP<+>SOa>tTSPtSPSOg<>>~TSP382.104,815.85SO~,NO~/NOx<>>,TSP378054i81065SOg,TSP374.354i811.90SOg,TSP<<>SeeFigure2.9-1.<<>Fromtheplanttothesite.<>>DatacollectiondiscontinuedSeptember30,1980.<~>DatacollectiondiscontinuedDecember31,1977.<<>DatacollectiondiscontinuedSeptember5,1978.<<>Settleableparticulates.<~>DatacollectiondiscontinuedDecember31,1978.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE29-2NEWYORKSTATEANDFEDERALAMBIENTAIRQUALITYSTANDARDSFederalStandardsPollutantAveragingPeriodNewYorkStateStandards<<>Level<<iConcentrationStatistic<>>Prx~azrrConcentrationStatistic<>>SeconarConcentrationStatistic<>>SOzAnnual24hr3hrAll0.03ppm0.14ppm<~~0.50ppm~<imaxmax80ug/m3(0.03pram)365ug/m3(014ppm)max1,300ug/m3(0.50ppm)maxCOOzone(Photochemicaloxidants)Hydrocarbons(Nonmethane)8hrAll1hrAll1hrAll3hr(6-9am)9ppm35ppm0.12ppm<<>-024ppmmaxmaxmaxmax10mg/m3(9ppm)40mg/m3(35ppm)235ug/m3(012ppm)160ug/m3(0.24ppm)maxmaxmax10mg/m3(9pp)40mg/m3(35ppm)235ug/m3(012ppm)160ug/m~(0.24ppm)maxmaxmax.maxNOzAnnualAll0.05ppm100ug/m*(005ppm)100ug/m3(0.05ppm)TSPAnnualIVIIIIII24hrAll75ug/m3<>>65ug/m3<>>55ug/m~<>>-45ug/m3<>>250ug/m~GMGMGMGMmax75ug/m~260ug/m3GM60ug/m3CI>150ug/m~GMmax1of2

\

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.9-2(Cont)PollutantAveragingNewYorkStateStandards<.~>PeriodLevel(z)ConcentrationStatistic<>>PrimarFederalStandardsSeconarConcentrationStatistic<>>ConcentrationStatistic<>>SettleableParticulates(Dustfall)LeadAnnualIVAll060/0.90<+img/cmz/30days0.40/060Co>mg/cm</30days0.30/0.45c~img/cm</30daysOa30/045c9>mg/cm</30days(10)15ug/m>max<<~NewYorkStatealsohasstandardsforberyllium,fluorides,andhydrogensulfide<<~NewYorkStatehasclassifiedalllandareasintofourcategoriesaccordingtolanduse,withLevelIasindustrysparseandLevelIVasheavyindustry.AllexcepttwooftheninemonitoringsitesanalyzedarelocatedinLevelIIareas.TheexceptionsareSite6(locatedinaLevelIarea)andSite8(locatedinaLevelIIIarea).<<>>AM=arithmeticmeanof24-hraverageconcentrations.max=nottobeexceededmorethanonceperyear(Ozone-notmorethan1day/yr).GM=geometricmeanof24-hraverageconcentrations.<+>Also,99percentofthevalueswillnotexceed0.10ppm.<>>Also,99percentofthevalueswillnotexceed0.25ppm.<<~Existingstatestandardof0.08ppmnotyetofficiallyrevisedbyregulatoryprocess.<>>Statestandardsalsoexistfor30-day,60-day,and90-dayarithmeticmeansforenforcementonly.<<~Asaguidetobeusedinassessingimplementationplanstoachieve24-hrstandard.<>>Onannualbasis,50thpercentile/84thpercentile.Valuesatstatedpercentilesnottoexceedvaluesofstandards.<<o>NewfederalstandardforleadnotyetofficiallyadoptedbyNewYorkState,butiscurrentlybeingappliedtodeterminecompliance.2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE29-3SOg-MONI'lORZNGRESULTSSite<<iStation1976197719781979Alcan0.006~~i0.0050.0070.006Monitorin~AnnualArithmeticMeannm1976Max0.024(3/1)2nd0.022(4/14)0.0360.032(2/22)(2/9)00320.027(11/11)(2/16)24-HrAveracrrsl~eg19771978Max2ndMax2nd1980<2)1979Max2ndMax0.0560.0550.029(5/24)(2/25)(1/5)2nd0.028(1/15)Paloma3SONY00090.007000900080-0070.0050.0060.00700380037(12/19)(1/6)0.0310.024(12/19)(4/14)0.054(2/9)0.0420.048(1/24)(2/16)0038(2/17)00360.0330.0290.028(1/24)(1/20)(12/30)(2/16)0.0600.039(2/20)(1/7)00580039(2/20)(1/6)0.0360028(6/24)(6/25)0.0390.031(6/24)(5/22)DutchRidgeFairdaleTap00090.005EastSide0.008Reservoir0.009<ii0.0090.0080.0060.0060047(4/14)0.034(2/25)0.0480.043(1/24)(2/16)0.0540.044(1/14)0033(4/14)0.063(2/9)0025(2/9)0.029(12/16)(11/2)00320.0320.057(12/19)(2/8).(2/9)0.037(2/17)00540045(2/20)(1/6)0.0340.030(6/24)(2/19)Oswego0.010PostOffice<<iOswego-0.002RileySchool<<i0.0120.018~3>0.0030003<>>0.0360.0330.0710.0650.0680.0310010001000100009002300053-HrAveraemMonitorinSiteStation1AlcanPalomaSUNYEastsideReservoir1976Max0048(5/9)0.078(8/2)0.045(12/19)0.048(12/16)2nd0.043(3/1)0.058'2/25)0.042(12/16)0.043(12/20)1977Max0.070(3/8)0.075(2/9)0.055(1/25)0.075(2/8)2nd0047(1/30)0067(1/25)0.053(2/3)0.074(2/9)1978Max0.055(11/12)0059(2/17)0.047(11/6)2nd0.052(11/12)0.056(2/18)0.037(2/17)1979Max0.087(1/7)0085(2/21)0079(2/20)2nd0081(5/25)0075(2/21)0074(2/21)1980Max0.078(9/17)0052(6/25)0.066(6/25)2nd0.060(4/24)0047(6/24)0.054(6/25)1of2

NineiiilePointUnit2ER-OISTABLE2.9-3(Cont)McnitorinSite~>>Station5DutchRidgeFairdaleTapOswegoPostOffice<<iOswego-RileySchool<<>Max19760057(2/26)0.061(12/16)2nd0.054(4/1)0040(7/20)1977Max2nd0.106(8/25)0075(2/9)0082(2/9)0067(1/25)0.063(8/14)0.059(6/4)3-HrAveraae~p~m1978Max2nd0.136(7/27)0081(1/7)1979Max2nd1980Max0.136(7/27)2nd0.057(6/25)<<cseeFigure2.9-1.ci)JanuarythroughJuneonly.<>>Basedonlessthan75percentdata.<~>Datacapturebelowguidelineforcomputationofaverages.~>>Thisdataispresentedforcomparisononly,asitisbasedonmanualWest-Gaekebubblersamplingprocedures.SO>monitoringdiscontinuedDecember31,1978.SOURCFS:Reference3Reference42of2

NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSTABLE29-4TSP-MONZTORINGRESULTSMonitorinSite<>>Station1AlcanPaloma273029.1327SUNY263229935.1EastSideReservoir2527<>>-DutchRidge242424.330.7FairdaleTap3135AnnualGeometricMeanu/m~1976197719781979364644.242.91977Max2nd201(6/6)168(3/14)8172(4/13)(5/31)139118(5/19)(4/19)7565(4/13)(8/29)8771(4/13)(5/31)9384(4/13)(4/19)197824-Hr1152(4/26)974(5/26}79.5(11/4)1131(5/26)82.6(11/4)747(5/20)701(7/7)64.0(7/19)Max2nd1570(3/22)1036(3/22)92.2(3/22)81.4(7/20)776(6/8)69.3(2/20)771(6/8)61.5(5/9)Aver~reug/ev1979Max2nd1980Max249.2(3/28)1003(3/4)104.8(6/26)2nd174.4(6/26)77.1(6/26)785(5/3)267.5180.6(3/10)(4/27}FultonJr.HighSchool2833262410397102947653OswegoPostOfficeOswego-RileySchool3333-33272519248978816975591146110159987310397<<iSeeFigure2.9-1.<<>JanuarythroughJuneonly.~>>DatacapturebelowEPAguidelines.SOURCES:Reference3Reference41of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.9-5NO@-MONITORINGRESULTSAnnualArithmeticMean1977,1978Alcan0.009EastSide0.009Reservoir0.0110.0120.0110.011'~'onitorinSiteStation197619790.014(3)DutchRidge0.0100.007'~'SeeFigure2.9-1.'~'Basedonlessthan75percentdata.'DatacollectiondiscontinuedSeptember5,1978.SOURCE:Reference41of1

NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLSTABLE29-6SETTLEABLEPARTICULATES-MONITORINGDATAMonitorinSiteci>>StationAnnualArithmeticMeanma/cm~/mo11976197719781979<<>>Max'ooeh1~30-~daAveracem/orna/mo1977197819792ndMax2ndMax2ndMax2nd7FultonJr.HighSchool8OswegoPost,Office0.220.270.260210230.190.360.340.470.430.500.380.430.380.350.310.370.360.330.310.490.257FultonJr.HighSchool1976>030>040>0-45PercentofObservations193362790369902c>>1Oc>>01939~>0.60>0.30>0.40>0.45>0.60>0.30>0.40>0.45>0.60>0.30>0.40>0.45>0.608OswegoPostOffice33001800011<<>>SeeFigure2.9-1.<<>>Samplingterminatedduring1979.<>>Insufficientdataavailabletodeterminecompliance.SOURCE:Reference31of1 0

NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSTABLE29-7OZONE-MONITORINGRESULTSNYSDECStationNumberNYSDECStationNameAnnualArithmeticMeanm1976197719781979Max19762nd1-HrAvera~e~m}1977Max2nd197819792ndMax2nd%axDayswithMaximumHourlyAverageGreaterthan0.12porn19761977197819793301-06Syracuse0.0220.0250.0243301-19Syracuse0.1340.1340.1410.1360.1330.12900560.056101410.1323301-08SyracuseDowntown001700190.021'02101190.1090126011801400.1400.1350,1181*ReceptionofvaliddatafromoriginalSyracuselocationceasedinMarch1979.MonitorrelocatedtonewsamplingsiteonsamepropertyandresumedoperationinApril1979asSiteNo.3301-19.SOURCE:Reference31of1

SITEI00t4>>PO~I(r(RREA)I~)I~>>II>>II>>t5>>)NEW~~II<-0>>>~nlGO(EGO~rSS~>>>>>>>>>>~Ia>>>>ISCRI8A>>I>>~>>'ID~InRO>>>>RNETOg'D<<r~R(NDI'SII(IS(OOHANNIrrJQAI>>STrrrII>>r4I'I~BALI-,IIIIIz~ROD,IIII~>>I~5S(RCp>>r>>CIIIIIKIRCI8(l(9eILala%ca(airaan(cIFIGURE2.9-1>>OIIARDn(KII5ID<V0LNnon>>(I<<g~~R~+opROgo~5lIn(RRDRIY.'/C.rr~CR+r~r.+in~>>a'ULN5~~~>>Dw(((~at0I2SCALE-MILES012S4SCALEKILOMETERSLOCATIONOFAMBIENTAIRQUALITYMONITORINGSITESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.10NOISE2.10.1SiteCharacteristicsTheUnit2siteislocatedontheshoreofLakeOntario,ap-proximately10km(6.2mi)northeastofthecityofOswego.Thislocationpresentlycontainstwooperatingnuclearpowerplants:NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation's(NMPC)NineMilePointUnit1(Unit1)andthePowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork's(PASNY)JamesA.FitzPatrick(JAF)plant.TheareasurroundingtheNineMilePointsiteconsistsofagenerallyruralenvironmentwithalowpopulationdensity.Mostofthepermanentresidencesintheareaarelocatedalongthemainroadssurroundingthesite.Homeslocatedalong0heshorelineofLakeOntarioincludebothyear-roundpermanenthomesand,summercottages.TheOntarioBibleConferenceCamp,locatedonLakeOntarioatthewesternboundaryofthepowerplantsite,containsseveral-year-roundhomeswhichconstitutethenearestresidentialareatoUnit1(1,311m[4,300ft)).Totheeastofthepowerplantsite,thedwellingslocatedattheintersectionofLakeRoadandRoute29arethenearestresidences(approximately(1,143m[3,750ft])totheJAFplant.Thelargestconcentrationofpermanent.year-roundhomeswithina4.8-km(3-mi)radiusofthepowerplantsiteislocatedintheLycomingarea,2,972m(9,750ft)southeastofUnits1and2,and2,743m(9,000ft)fromtheJAFplant.Ingeneral,theregionsurroundingtheNineMilePointsiteconsistsofmostlywoodedareaswithsomeopenfieldsandfarmland.Inadditiontothepowerstations,theonlyotherindustrialcomplexintheareaistheAlcanAluminumCompanylocatedapproximately5.1km(3.2mi)westofthepowerplantsite.Except,forthetrafficassociated:withthecon-structionofUnit2,thetrafficintheareasurroundingthesiteisrelativelylight.Asaresultofthesefactors,thelanduseintheareasurroundingtheNineMilePointsiteisrelativelyhomogeneous,andtheambientnoiselevelsthroughouttheareaareexpectedtobequitesimilar.InordertodefinetheexistingacousticalenvironmentoftheNineMilePointarea,ambientsoundlevelmeasurementswereobtainedatanumberoflocationswithina4.8-km(3-mi)radiusofthe,powerplantsite.Sincetheambientnoiseenvironmentsurroundingthesitewasexpectedtoberelativelyhomogeneous,theprimarycriterionusedinselectingthenoisemeasurementsiteswasthattheyrepresenttheambientnoiseenvironmentaroundtheboundaryofthepowerplantsite.Asaresult,ninemeasurement2.10-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSsiteswereselected,andtheirlocationsareshownonFigure2.10-1anddescribedinTable2.10-1.Forthemostpart,thenoisemeasurementsiteswerelocatednearresiden-tialareas.Sites1,2,3,and4wereselectedastheprimarynoise-monitoringsitesbecausetheydefinetheam-bientnoiseenvironmentatthefourcornersofthepowerplantpropertyline.Thesecondarysites(5,6,8,and9)essentiallyfillintheopenareassurroundingthesite,whileSite7,locatedapproximately4.0km(2.5mi)fromthepowerplantsite,wasselectedbecauseitwasonahilloverlookingtheentirepowerplantfacility.FurtherdescriptionofmonitoringsiteselectionisgiveninSection6.7.1.2.10.2AmbientSoundLevelsTheNineMilePointambientnoisesurveywasconductedduringa5-dayperiodbetweenSeptember27andOctober1,1979.Exceptfor1dayofrain(September28)duringwhichnonoisedatawereobtained(becauseoftheef-fectsofmoistureonthenoisemeasurementequipment),theweather.conditionswerefavorablefortakingnoisemeasurements.Thewindwasrelativelycalmduringthen-tiremeasurementperiod,minimizingthenoiseimpactofwindinthetrees.InordertoadequatelydefinetheambientnoiselevelsintheNineMilePointarea,aseriesofbothdaytimeandnighttimenoisemeasurementswasobtainedateachoftheninenoise-monitoringsites.TheprimaryunitofmeasurewastheLz,orresidualsoundlevel,definedasthenoiselevelthatisexceeded90percentofthetime.Theresiduallevelisthatsoundlevelmeasuredintheabsenceofanyin-termittentlocalnoisesources,suchaspassingautomobilesorbarkingdogs.The.residuallevelcanbeconsideredthebaselinenoiselevelbelowwhichambientsoundlevelsrarelydropsyTable2.10-2presentstherangesoftheresidualsoundlevelsmeasuredateachoftheninenoise-monitoringsites.ThistablecontainsthehourlyLzzlevelsobtaineddirectlyfromtheautomaticcommunitynoiseanalyzer(CNA)whichwasusedovera24-hrperiodatSites1,2,3,and4,aswellastheL~,levelsobtainedfroma50-samplehand-heldstatisticalnoisemeasurement.procedureusedatallninesites.AlsoincludedinthistablearetheA-weightedsoundlevelscalculatedfromtheresidual(orminimum)octavebanddataastaken,andwiththehigh-frequencycricketnoiseremoved.Section6.7.1containsadetaileddescriptionofthenoisemeasurementequipmentandthedatacollection2.10-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSmethodologyusedduringtheambientnoisesurvey.'reviewofthedatacontainedinTable2.10-3indicatesthattheresidualnoiselevelsintheNineMilePointarearangebetween30and50dBA.Theresidualoctavebanddataobtainedateachofthenoise-monitoringsitesindicatedthat,theresidualambientsoundlevelsweredominatedbycricketnoiseduringthesurvey.Asaresult,changesinthelevelofactivityofthecricketsgenerallyproducedsignificantvariationsintheambientnoiselevels.Becauseofthecricketnoise,powerplantnoisefromUnit1andtheJAFplantwasinaudi-bleatallnoise-monitoringsitesduringthedaytimehours.Itwasonlyduringthenighttimehours,whentheimpactofthecricketnoiseaswellasthegenerallevelofactivityintheareaappearedtobesomewhatreduced,thatthepowerplantnoise(primarilyventilationandtransformernoise)wasaudibleorjustbarelyaudibleatallnoise-monitoringsites.ByremovingthecricketnoisefromtheresidualoctavebanddataandrecalculatingtheA-weightednoiselevelateachsite,itwaspossibletoestimatetheambientnoiselevelswithouttheimpactofthecricket,noise.AcomparisonofthedBAambientnoiselevelsobtainedfromtheresidualoc-tavebanddataindicatedthatduringthedaytimehourstheimpactofthecricketnoisegenerallyadded4to11.-dBAtotheambientnoisedata.AtSites3and9,whichwerelocatedintallergrass,thecricketsaddedasmuchas20dBAtotheambientnoiselevels.However,duringthenighttimehours,whenthelevelofactivityofthecricketsappearedtobesomewhat:.reduced,thecricketnoiseaddedonly2to5dBAatSites1,2,4,5,and9andasmuchas7to13dBAattheothernoise-monitoringsites.Theam-bientnoiselevelscontainedincolumn6ofTable2.10-2arethereforerepresentativeoftheambientnoiselevelsex-pectedintheNineMilePointareaduringthewintermonthswhenthecricketsareinactive.Thesedataalsoindicatethatoncetheimpactofthecricketnoisehasbeenremovedfromthedata,thereisverylittlesite-to-sitevariationintheambientnoiselevels,indicatingthattheacousticalenvironmentoftheNineMilePointareaisrelativelyhomogeneous.Table2.10-3containsasummaryofthehand-heldstatisticalnoisemeasurementsobtainedateachsitealongwiththedateandtimeofeachnoisemeasurement.Inaddition,thedataateachsitearedividedintodaytimeandnighttimemeasurementperiodssothatthenoiseimpactfromanyman-madenoisesources,whichgenerallytendtooccurduringthe2.10-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-0LSdaytimehours,canbeassessed.Thehand-heldstatisticalnoisedata,whichconsistedofaseriesof50-dBAweightedsoundlevelmeasurements,wereusedtoobtaintheL9gL5p,Lip,Leq,Lmin,andLmaxstatisticaldescriptorsthatdefinetheexistingacousticalenvironmentoftheareasurroundingtheNineMilePointsite.TheLminandLmaxaretheminimumandmaximumdBAlevelsmeasuredduringeachsamplingperiod.TheLeqlevelspresentedinthistablewerecal-culatedfromthe50hand-helddBAreadingsandrepresenttheequivalentconstantdBAsoundlevelthathasthesametotalsoundenergyasthefluctuatingnoiselevelsactuallymeasuredduringthesamplingperiod.Table2.10-3alsocontainsthecorrespondingdBAnoiselevelcalculatedfromtheresidualoctavebanddatameasuredduringeachsamplingperiod.Theresidualoctavebandsoundlevelsaretheminimumrepeatablesoundlevelreadingsob-tainedineachof.theeightoctavebands(63,125,250,500,1k,2k,4k,and8kHz)intheabsenceofanyintermittentlocalnoisesources,suchaspassingvehi-clesorbarkingdogs.Figures2.10-2through2.10-5containthetimehistoryplots(hourlyvalues)ofthestatisticalnoisedata(Leq,Lz<,andL9g)obtainedfromtheautomatic,continuouslymonitoringCNAslocatedattheprimarynoise-monitoringsites(1,2,3,and4).Forconvenienceanduniformitywiththedataob-tainedattheotherthreesites,onlythefirst24-hrnoise-monitoringperiodispresentedforSite1.Becauseofamalfunctionwiththeexternalbatterypower-pack,onlyabout10hrofnoisedatawereobtainedatSite2.TheremainingnoisedatastoredinthememoryoftheCNAwerelostwhenthemaininternalpowersupplybecametoolowandtheemergencyexternalbattery-packapparentlydidnotautomaticallyswitchon.Forclarity,theLzplevels,whichwerealsoobtainedfromtheCNAdata,havebeenomittedfromtheseplots.FromthedataatSite1,itcanbeseenthattheambient(Lzz)noiselevelsrangebetween37and43dBA.AtSite2,theambientnoiselevelsrangebetween32and36dBA,atSite3between40and48dBA,andatSite4between30and38dBA.However,mostofthesesite-to-sitevariationsareprimarilyduetotheimpactofthecricketswhichwasshowntodominatetheambientnoiselevelsintheNineMilePointarear'hesefiguresalsocontainacom-parisonofthehand-heldL>~statisticaldataandthecor-respondinghourlyLgplevelobtainedfromtheCNA.Thesecomparisonsshowverygoodagreement(generally1to3dBA),consideringthedifferencesintimedurationoverwhichtheL9Qlevelswereobtained(1hrfortheCNAdataversusjustover4minforthestatisticalhand-helddata).2.10-4

',NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSAcomparison;oftheLeqandL,',levelswiththeL~,levelcanbeusedtodeterminethe,levelofactivityateachsite.ThestatisticalhourlynoisedataobtainedatSite1,-locatedinarelativelyquietarea(theOntarioBibleCon-ference.Camp),showverylittleadditionalnoise"impactabove,themeasuredambient(L>>)noiselevels..ThesameistrueatSite.3,between1800and0700hr'.However',thein-creaseintheLeqandLq<levelsobtainedduringtheother,times.ofthedaycorrespondwiththeincreasedlevelsofac-tivityexpectedduringthedaylighthours..Sites3.,and'.show,amuchlargerimpactinthe-measuredambient(L,<)noiselevels.,However,thisimpactisprimarilyduetotheeffectofrelativelylighttrafficwhichtendsto'b'ethedominantmanmadenoisesourceintheNineMilePointarea.2.10.3FederalandStateStandardsTherearecurrentlynoenvironmentalnoiseregulationsap-plicabletotheoperationofnucleargeneratingfacilities.However,communitynoiseguidelineshavebeenestablishedbysuchagenciesastheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)andtheDepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD).TheJointWorkingPaperforthePreparationofEnvironmen-talReportsforGeneratingFacilitiesinNewYorkState,preparedbytheNRCandtheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission,doesnotspecifyallowablenoiseemissionlevels,butreferencestheEPA'sdocumentonnoiselevels'ndHUD'sCircular1390.2'asprovidingsuggestedlevelsthatshouldbeusedasaguidelineforlicensereviewandenvironmentalimpactassessment.Thecircularalsocontainscriteriatobeusedinassessingnoiseimpacts'heHUDcriteriawereestablishedasdepartmentalguidelinesforreviewofpubliclyfundedhousingprojectstoensurethattheacousticalenvironmentoftheproposedsiteisadequatelyaddressed.However,theHUDcriteriahaveevolvedintoawidelyusedguidelineforevaluatingpredictednoiselevelsfromnewfacilities.HUDhasestablishedfourcategoriesofexternal(outdoor)noiseexposure:ClearlyUnacceptable-exceeds80dBAformorethan1hrorexceeds75dBAformorethan8hrinany24-hrperiod.2.Discretionary(NormallyUnacceptable)-exceeds65dBAformorethan8hrinany24-hrperiod.3.Discretionary(NormallyAcceptable)-doesnotex-ceed65dBAformorethan8hrinany24-hrperiod.2.10-5 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLS4.Clearly,Acceptable-doesnotexceed45dBAformore.than30mininany24-hrperiod.Inits1974publicationoftheLevelsDocument'~',theEPAidentifiesanLdn.of55dBAas"adequatetoprotectthepublicagainsthearingloss,activityinterference,andan-noyanceoutdoorsinresidentialareas,farmsandotherout-doorareaswherepeoplespendwidelyvaryingamountsoftimeandotherplacesinwhichquietisabasisforuse."The55dBALdn(day/night)levelistheA-weightedenergyaveragesoundlevelwitha10dBAcorrectionaddedtothenighttimelevels.Itisequivalenttoaconstantsoundlevelof49dBA.2.10-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.10.4References1.NuclearRegulatoryCommissionandNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission.JointWorkingPaperforthePreparationofEnvironmentalReportsforGeneratingFacilitiesinNewYorkState,August1977.2.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,OfficeofNoiseAbatementandControl.InformationonLevelsofEn-vironmentalNoiseRequisitetoProtectPublicHealthandWelfarewithanAdequateMarginofSafety,550/9-74-004,Washington,DC,March1974.3.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment.NoiseAbatementandControl:DepartmentalPolicy,Implemen-tationResponsibilities,andStandards,DepartmentCir-cular1390.2,Washington,DC,September1971.2.10-7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.10-1NINEMILEPOINTAMBIENTNOISESURVEYNOISEMEASUREMENTLOCATIONSLocationLocatedattheendofLakeviewRoadalongtheshoreofLakeOntarioattheOntarioBibleConferenceCamp.Thissitewaslocatedatthewesternboundaryofthepowerplantpropertyline,approximately1.6km(1mi)fromUnits1and2.LocatedonLakeviewRoadnearthesouthwestcornerofthepowerplantpropertyline,approximately2.4km(1.5mi)fromUnits1and2.LocatedonMinerRoadapproximately137m(450ft)fromtheintersectionofRoute29southwestofthepowerplants,approximately2.9km(1.8mi)fromUnits1and2and2.7km(1.7mi)fromtheJAFplant.LocatedonLakeRoadattheintersectionofParkhurstRoadeastofthepowerplants,approximately2.4km(1.5mi)fromUnits1and2and1.6km(1mi),fromtheJAFplant.LocatedalongLakeOntarioeastofthepowerplantsite,approximately2.7km(1.7mi)fromUnits1and2and1.8km(1.1mi)fromtheJAFplant.LocatedonRoute29alongtheeasternboundaryofthepowerplantsiteapproximately0.3km(0.2mi)fromtheintersectionofLakeRoad,1.9km(1.2mi)fromUnits1and2and1.3km(0.8mi)fromtheJAFplant.LocatedonNorthRoadapproximately4.0km(2.5mi)southofthepowerplantsite.Thislocationwasselectedbecauseitwasonahilloverlookingtheentirepowerplantfacility.LocatedwestofthepowerplantsitejustoffLakeRoad(130m/425ft),approximately2.2km(1.4mi)fromUnits1and2and3.1km(1.9mi)fromtheJAFplant.1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.10-1(Cont)LocationLocatedonMinerRoad'directlysouthofthepowerplants,approximately2.4km(1.5mi)fromUnits1and2and2.7km(1.7mi)fromtheJAFplant.Thissitewasselectedbecauseitwasapproximately244m(800ft)fromthemaintransformerlinesleadingawayfromUnit1.2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS'SABLE2.10-2NINEMILEPOINTRESIDUALSOUNDLEVELSSiteNoMeasurementPeriod~nrDay0700-2200Night2200-0700dBALevelsforLeoCommunityNoiseAnalzer37-4334-42dBALevelsforLeoHand-HeldStatisticalData38-4434-40WithoutCrickets35-3633-36WithCrickets39-4434-40dBAIevelsCalculatedfromResidualOctaveBandDataDay0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-070032-3635-3640-4845-4731-3830-3234-4030-3446-4844-5038-4432-4040-4630-4036-4638-40424244-463844-4832-4235-4232-3548-4945-4938-4634-4041-4831-4037-4438-41414244-494244-5034-4127-3331-3229-3232-3635-3727-353728-3732-3329-3129,3435-383131-3631-38

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.10-3NINEMILEPOINTAMBIENTNOISESURVEYMeasurementSiteNo.PeriodStatisticalSummaryDatafromHand-TimeHeldHuiseMeasuremen~tsde~atevelsDate~hr~LL~~LL~~L~LWithoutCricketsWithCricketsdBALevelsfromOctaveBandDataPowerPlantNoise-1DayNightNightiNight9/271300419/291600459/272200429/292240369/300200429/271700359/291525549/292220349/300230509/271400509/291700509/272320509/280325359/3000104642464438423658345052525036484044423442344234324850503446384440344034403430464850324438444032403240323046484832444646484042386834666264504050394440344035423532484949453635363335273332313229363332ClearlyaudibleClearlyaudibleclearlyaudibleClearlyaudibleJustbarelyaudibleAudibleDay9/271520409/291330564256403848443844427038463735NightNightDayNight9/272350499/280155399/300120349/281600419/291410489/280120409/300050319/271800579/291430669/280350419/300030565440344250403462504256423834404840304838424040383240464030463640384036323846383046363636624036425042347283426940373441484031443738413535273737372833323129ClearlyaudibleJustbarelyaudibleClearlyaudibleJustbarelyaudibleclearlyaudibleAudibleof2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE2.10-3(Cont)MeasurementSiteNo.Period7DayNightNight9/29173053549/30030043449/27173045469/29154548509/29230547509/27183046489/2915105754424648445042424446384448StatisticalSummaryDataTimeHeldNoiseMeasurementsDate~hr~L~L~L~LfromHand-dBALevelsRmz4069424444484652386040504872WithCricketsWithoutcrickets294244493435384244503631dBALevelsfromOctaveBandDataPowerPlantNoise-JustbarelyaudibleClearlyaudibleNight9/27230045489/28041042449/2923253434444234423832405038483236413834383631ClearlyaudibleClearlyaudible2of2

LEUNITZ0R/PROGRESSCENTERUNITIII1,-I)IIPIVATe1(QtPLANTII,'I'I'IROAOIIwIIl%IIAVT:IIOAOLGIIeviewII'18iOZSO0y%0y%.ODqoNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPPROPERTYLINE(EXCLUSIONAREABOUNDARY)co~gy,tNINEMILEPOINTSITEJAMESA.FITZPATRICKSITE036LycomingRADPOWERAUTHORITYOFTHESTATEOFNEWYORKPROPERTYLINEMIDDLEIIIIloIcIPeIIIIIINorthScrlbaROADooIO<IOATOVOLIIEYeoeSTATIORFIGURE2.'IO-ISCALE-MILKSSCALEKILOMETERSAMBIENTNOISESURVEYMEASUREMENTLOCATIONSNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

6050UJ40UJ502012141618202224246810SEPT.27SEPT.28CORRESPONDINGL9PFROMHANDHELDSTATISTICALDATALeqL90o-L10FIGURE2.I0-2AMBIENTNOISESURVEYCNAHOURLYSTATISTICALNOISEDATASITENo.1NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

'I 6050(0UJ40CO201618202224SEPT.50OCT.I4-LeqL90~-L10FIGURE2.10-5AMBIENTNOISESURVEYCNAHOURLYSTATISTICALNOISEDATASITEN0.2NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

6050WcC4016182022242468TOSEPT.27SEPT.28CORRESPONDINGL9PFROMHANDHELDSTATISTICALDATALeq6-L90e-L10FIGURE2.10-.4AMBIENTNOISESURVEYCNAHOURLYSTATISTICALNOISEDATASITEN0.3NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

6050hl4l40302014161820222424681012SEPT.29SEPT.50CORRESPONDINGL9PFROMHANDHELDSTATISTICALDATALeq~-Leoe-L10FIGURE2.10-5AMBIENTNOISESURVEYCNAHOURLYSTATISTICALNOISEDATASITEN0.4NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSCHAPTER,3PLANTDESCRIPTIONTABLEOFCONTENTSSection3.13.1.-13.1.23.1.33'23,2.1,3.2.2TitleEXTERNALAPPEARANCEANDPLANTLAYOUTDescriptionof,theProject.Ground-Level,PhotographsofSiteArchitecturalRenderingofthePlantREACTORSTEAM-ELECTRICSYSTEM,Numberof,UnitsandDescriptionofReactorDescriptionofthe,Turbine.GeneratorandCondenser.Pacae3~113~113.1-.23~133~21I3.,2-13.2-43.33.3.13,323.3.2.13.3.2.23.3~2-33.3.3PLANTWATERUSEWaterConsumptionandUseWaterTreatmentCirculatingWaterSystemMakeupWaterTreatmentSystemCondensateDemineralizer-System,References3~313~313~323~323.3-43.3-43.3-63.4,3.4.13..4.1.13.4.1.1.13.4.1.1.23.4.1.1.33.4.1.1.43.4.1.1.53;4.1.23.4.1.33.4.1.3.13.4.1.3.23.4.1.3.33.4.1.3.43.4.1.3.53.4.23~4.2.13.4.2.23.4.2.3COOLINGSYSTEMSSystemDescriptionandOperationalModesCirculatingWaterSystemSystemDescriptionOperationalModesQuantitiesofHeatDistributedQuantitiesofWaterWithdrawn,Consumed,andDj.schargedWaterTemperaturesServiceWaterSystem,IntakeandDischargeSystemsSystemDescriptionOperationalModesQuantitiesofHeatDistributedQuantitiesofWaterWithdrawn,Consumed,and.DischargedWaterTemperatureseComponentDescriptionsIntakeSystemsDischargeSystem-CoolingTower3-13.4-13.4-13.4-.13.4-,13.4-13.4-,13.4-13.4-23.4-23.4-33.4-33.4-33.4-33.4-43.4-43.4-53.4-53.4-73.4-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER3TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section3.4.2.43.4.3TitleMainCondenserReferencesPa<ac3.4-103.4-12-3.53.5.13.5.1.13.5.1'3.5.1.33.5.1.43.5.1.53.5.1.63.5.23.5'.13.5.2.1.13.5.2.1.23.5.2.1.33.5.2.1.43.5'.2."1.53.5.2.1.63.5.2.23.5.2.2.13.5.2.2.23.5'.2.33.5.2.2.43.5.2.2.53.5.2.2.63.5.2.2.73.5.2.2.83.5.33.5.3.13.5.3.23.5.3.33.5.3.43.63.6.13.6.1.13.6.1~1.13.6.1.1.2RADIOACTIVEWASTEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSRadioactiveLiquidWasteSyst:emWasteCollectorSubsystemFloorDrainSubsystemRegenerantChemicalWasteSubsystemPhaseSeparatorSubsystemSystemOperationAnalysisReleaseofProcessedWasteRadioactiveGaseousWasteSystemSourcesandReleasesofRadioactiveGasesProcessOffGasMechanicalVacuumPumpAirRemovalPrimaryContainmentPurgeExhaustReactorBuildingVentilationTurbineBuildingVentilationRadwasteBuildingVentilationDescriptionoftheOff-GasSystemPreheatersCatalyticRecombinersOff-GasCondenserHoldupPipeFreezeoutDryersCharcoalAdsorbersHEP'A'FiltersVacuumPumpsSolidRadwasteSystemSourcesofSolidRadwasteEquipmentDescriptionDescriptionofSolidsProcessingProcedureStorageandShippingNONRADIOACTIVEWASTESYSTEMSWastesContainingChemicalsorBiocidesDischargestoWaterDescriptionsofNonradioactiveWasteTreatment.SystemsandSourcesofDischargesChemicalsProcessedThroughEachSystem3-113.5-13.5-13.5-13.5-23.5-23.5-.33.5-33.5-43.5-43'-53.5-53.5-63.5-63.5-63.5-63.5-73.5<<73.5-83.5>>93.5-93.5-93.5-93.5-103.5-103.5-103.5-103.5-113.5-123.5-123.5-133.6-13.6-13.6-13.6-13.6-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER3TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section3.6.1.1.33.6.l.1..43.6.1.1.53.6.1.23.6.1.33.,6.1.3.13.6~1.3.23.6.23.6.33.6.3.13.6.3.2,3.6.3.33.6~3~43.6.43.73.7.13.7.23.7.33.7'3.7.53.7.6TitleAverageandMaximumConcentrationsofNaturalMaterialsinEffluentStreamsConcentrationFactorasaSeasonalBasisforEvaporativeCoolingSystemsOperatingCyclesforEachWasteTreatmentSystemorDischargeDischargestoLand:CharacteristicsandQuantitiesofSludgesandPro-posedMethodsofUltimateDisposalDischargestoAirCoolingTowerDriftEvaporationSanitaryWasteTreatmentOtherWastesDescriptionsofMiscellaneousWastesEstimatesofWasteQuantitiestoBeDisposedandTheirPollutantConcentra-tionsatPointsofReleaseProceduresbyWhichAllEffluentsiWillBeTreated,Controlled,andDis-chargedToComplyWithEffluentLimita-tionGuidelinesEstimationofGaseousEffluentsReferencesPOWERTRANSMISSIONSYSTEMSBasicElectricalParametersBasicStructuralDesignParametersRight-of-WayDescriptionCompliancewithLocal,State,andFederalRegulationsEnvironmentalManagementandConstructionPlansReferencePa<ac3.6-23.6-23.6-83.6-33.6-43.6-43.6-43.6-53.6-63.6-63.6-63.6:73.6-73.6-93~713.7-13.7-23.7-33.7-43.7-4,3.7-73.83.8.13.8.23.8.3TRANSPORTATIONOFRADIOACTIVEMATERIALS'nsiteStorageofIrradiatedFuelTreatmentandPackagingProceduresforRadioactiveWastesTransportationofFreshandIrradiatedFuel3.8-13.8-13.8-13.8-2 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSCHAPTER3LISTOFTABLESTableNumberTitle3.1-13.3-13.3-23.3-33.3-43.3-5VISUALLYSENSITIVEANDINTENSIVELANDUSEAREASINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2MONTHLYWATERUSEDATAFORUNIT2ESTIMATEDWATERUSAGEMAKEUPWATERSYSTEM-WATERQUALITYCONDENSATEDEMINERALIZERSYSTEM-WATERQUALITYI'HEMICALADDITIONSTOWATERUSEDFORSTATIONOPERATION3.4-13.5-13.5-23.5-33.5-43.5-5,3.5-63.5-73.5-83.5-9SERVICEWATERSYSTEMFLOWREQUIREMENTSANDHEATGAINSLIQUIDRADWASTESYSTEMINPUT'SOURCES,FLOW,.RATES,PRIMARYCOOLANTCONCENTRATIONS,ANDDISCHARGEFRACTIONSEXPECTEDANNUALLIQUIDRELEASESLWSTANKCAPACITIESANDFILLTIMESPROCESSEQUIPMENTCAPACITIESDECONTAMINATIONFACTORSOFPROCESSINGUNITSLWSANNUALRELEASEDATAIDENTIFICATIONOFPRINCIPALRELEASEPOINTSFORRADIOACTIVEMATERIALSTOTHEENVIRONMENTANDMONITORINGPROCESSESESTIMATEDQUANTITIESOFFISSIONPRODUCTISOTOPES.RELEASEDTOTHEENVIRONSFROMTHEOFF-GASPROCESSINGSYSTEMRADIOACTIVEGASEOUSEFFLUENTFROM'OURCESOTHERTHANOFFGAS NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER3LISTOFTABfES(Cont)TableNumberTitle3.5-103.5-113.5-123.5-133.6-1RADIOACTIVEGASEOUSEFFfVENTFROMTHETWORELEASEPOINTSlOFF-GASSYSTEMPROCESSDATAANNUAfSOLIDWASTEQUANTITIESVOLUMEEXPECTEDANDDESIGNSofIDWASTEACTIVITIESCONCENTRATIONSOFWASTEANDSELECTEDCHEMICALSINPLANTEFFLUENT3.6-2STANDBYDIESELGENERATORSANDDIESELGENERATORHPCSSYSTEMFUELANDFLUEGASPARAMETERS3.6-33.6-4DIESELFIREPUMP,FUEL,ANDFZUEGASPARAMETERSDIESELGENERATORANDFIREPUMPEMISSIONS3-v NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLSCHAPTER3LISTOF-FIGURESFigureNumber3.1-13~123~133.1-43.1-53'-63.1-73.1-8'TATIONLAYOUTSITEPLANTitleARCHITECTURALRENDERINGOFTHEPLANTLOCATIONOFGASEOUSRELEASEPOINTSSIMULATEDVIEWFROMLAKEVIEWDEVELOPMENTSIMULATEDVIEWFROMFORTONTARIOSIMULATEDVIEWFROMMINERROAD8(RAILROADSIMULATEDVIEWFROMNORTHROAD3.1-93~213.3-13~323.4-13.4-23.4-33.4-43.4-53.4-63.4-73.4-8VISUALLYSENSITIVES(INTENSIVELANDUSEAREASINTHEVICINITYOFNINEMILEiPOINT-UNIT2STATIONFUNDAMENTALFLOWDIAGRAMWATERUSEDIAGRAMSCHEMATICOFCIRCULATINGWATERSYSTEMCIRCULATINGWATERSYSTEMUNIT2LAKEUSEPLANDETAILSOFINTAKESTRUCTURESNO.1INTAKETUNNEI&DIFFUSERNO~2INTAKETUNNELSCREENWELLLAYOUTDISCHARGEDIFFUSERDESIGNTEMPERATURESELECTIONFORCOOLINGTOWERS NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER3LISTOFFIGURES(Cont)FigureNumber3.4-93.7-13.7-23~73TitleCOOLINGTOWERUNIT2-VOLNEY345-KVTRANSMISSIONFACILITYTWOPOLETANGENTHFRAME~345KVSINGLECIRCUITSTEEL60ANGLESQUAREBASED.E.TOWER345KV3.7-43.7-5SYSTEMRELATIONSHIPEXISTINGUNIT2-VOLNEYRIGHT-OF-WAY3V3.3.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER3PLANTDESCRIPTION3.1EXTERNALAPPEARANCEANDPLANTLAYOUT3.1.1DescriptionoftheProjectUnit2islocatedbetweenNineMilePointUnit,1(Unit1)andtheJamesA.FitzPatrick(JAF)plant.ThemajorstationstructuresofUnit2areconnectedtotheUnit1stationstructuresbyapassageway.Unit2followsthebasicvisualcharacterofUnit1throughtheuseofcompatiblecolortreatmentandsimilarmaterials,includingconcreteandmetalsiding.Thereactorbuilding,natural-draftcoolingtower,andmainstackdominatetheskyline.Thereactorbuildinghasadrum-likecapsheathedinflutedmetalsidingthatcontrastswiththelowerconcreteportion.Theexposedsurfaceofthelowerportionofthereactorbuilding,thecoolingtower,andthestackarecast-in-placeconcretethatisuntexturedandnaturalincolor.Tanksandopenmetalframe'tructures,suchastransmissiontowersandswitchyards,areprotectedwithcorrosion-resistantcoatings.Permanentstationroadsandparkingareasareasphaltpaved.AnexistingrailroadlineextendstotheUnit,2reactorbuildingandturbinebuilding(Figure3.1-1)toproviderailfreightaccess.Thesiteislandscapedtoblendwiththesurroundingnaturaltopography,consistentwithsecurityrequirements.Landpreviouslyclearedandexcavatedduringconstructionofad-jacentpowerstationshasbeenutilizedduringconstructionofUnit2fortemporaryofficefacilities,laydownarea,switchyardandparkingareas,thusminimizingtheadditionalexcavationaroundthestationstructures.Attheconclusionof.constructionactivities,themajorityofthisarea,ex-ceptforsomeofficefacilitiesandportionsofparkingareas,willbegradedandseededtopromotethereturnofvegetativecover.Tocontrolerosioninareasnotplantedwithtreesorshrubs,groundcoverofeitherlawnorcrushedstoneisprovided.TheEnergyInformationCenter,locatedinthenorthwestpor-tionofthesite,isacontemporarystoneand.glassranch-stylestructureusedforpubliceducationandisatouristattraction.Here,athree-partshowisofferedon3.1-1 NineMilePointUnit2.,'ER-OLSnuclearelectricpower,thegrowthofenergyinupstateNewYork,thestoryofNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(NMPC)andthePowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork(PASNY),andtheoperationofUnit1.Thisshowincludesaworkingscalemodeloftheplantandanuclearfissiondisplay.Therearealsoenergyexhibits,naturetrails,andpicnicareasonthebluffsoverlookingLakeOntario.Figure3.1-1presentsthestationlayout,includingma'jorstructures,buildings,andimportantroads.Thebaselinesitetopography,includingbaselineandproposedcontoursandlandscapingaroundthestructures,isshownonFigure3.1-2.Figure3.1-3showsthelocationandelevationof.releasepointsforgaseouswastes.Figures3.1-4through3.1-7present,ground-levelphotographsofthesitefromdifferentlocations.Figure3.1-8showsanarchitecturalrenderingoftheplant.3.1.2Ground-LevelPhotographsofSiteToassessvisualimpact,visuallysensitiveandintensivelanduses(e.g.,residentialconcentrations,majortranspor-tationroutes,stateandlocal*historic.sites,andre-creationalattractions)within10km(6.2mi)ofUnit2wereidentified.PropertieslistedintheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaceswereidentifiedwithin16,km(10mi)oftheUnit2site.VisuallysensitivelocationswerevisitedinlateOctober,whenfoliagedensitywaslowerthanatothertimesoftheyear.Sitessurveyedforpotentialvisualim-pactareidentifiedanddescribedinTable3.1-1andshownonFigure3.1-9.Surveysbeganwithreconnaissanceofallviewinglocations.Photographsweretakenin,.thedirectionofUnit2".atlocationsfromwhichdistantviewswerepossible.Whereplantstructureswouldbeclearlyvisible'ithin10km(6.2mi),plantperspectives,basedondistanceanddirec-tionfromphotographlocations,wereprovidedbycomputerandsuperimposedonthephotographs.Thesevisualperspec-"tivesarepresentedonFigures3.1-4through3.1-7.AsdiscussedinSection2.2.1,Unit2islocatedinaregionofpredominantlyruralresidential,agricultural,andforestlanduses.Thepotentialforvisualimpactoftheplantisminimizedbytheremotenessofthesite.Vegetationandtopographyscreenorblockviewsoftheplantatmostvisuallysensitiveareas.Inaddition,sincetheindustrialcharacteroftheareahasalreadybeenestablishedby'nit1andtheJAFplant,thechangeinvisualqualityassociatedwithUnit2ismarginal.Unit2willnotsignificantlyim-'~12 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSpacttheoverallvisualqualityofthearea.Theviewofthecoolingtowerwillbetheonlynoticeablechange.Thecoolingtoweris165m(541ft)abovegroundlevelandisvisibleatsomelocations,asshownforselectedlocationsonFigures3.1-4through3.1-7.Dependingonmeteorologicalconditions,thenatural-draftcoolingtowerwillemitevaporativeplumesthatmaybevisiblefromlocationswithinthe16-km(10-mi)area.ExpectedvisibleplumeoccurrencesaredescribedinSection5.3.3.1,andpredictedfrequencyofplumeoccurrencesareshownonFigures5.3-1through5.3-25.Theanticipatedplumesfor5-percent,1-percent,andO.l-percentoccurrencesatselectedlocationsareshownonFigures3.1-4through3.1-7,andananalysisoftheirvisualimpactsispresentedinSection5.8.1.1.Theplumeoccurrencedenotesthemaximumextentofplumethatisvisibleforacertainpercentoftime,asshownonthefigures.StartinginAprilandcontinuingthroughSeptember,whenrecreationalactivitiesonthelakeandalongtheshorelinearefrequent,thecoolingtowerwillbevisiblefromtheshoresidebyfishermen,recreationalusers,andothersatfacilitiessuchastheOntarioBibleConferenceAssociationCamp(alakefrontfacilityborderingthesiteonthewest).Coolingtowerplumesarenotexpectedtohaveasignificantvisualimpact.Mostvisuallysensitivesites,listedinTable3'-1,arelocatedinvegetatedordevelopedareas,specificallywithinthecityofOswego.Therefore,distantviewsthatmightincludetheplumearenotpossiblefromthesesites.However,atlocationsalongtheshorelineatelevatedgrades,suchasFortOntario(Figure3.1-7),plumesmaybevisible.ThevisualimpactofUnit2isminimalduetothelimitednumberoflocationsfromwhichtheplantisvisible,thelackofvisibilityfrommanyvisuallysensitiveorintensivelanduseareas,andthesmallportionofplantstructuresthatcanbeseenabovethesurroundingvegetation.3.1.3ArchitecturalRenderingofthePlantFigure3.1-8showsanarchitecturalrenderingoftheUnit2facility,includingallmajorstationfeaturesandland-scapingwhetheractuallycompletedorplanned.3.1-3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.1-1VISUALLYSENSITIVEANDINTENSIVELANDUSEAREASINTHEVICINITYOFUNIT2StationFacilitiesMapIDNumber(i>LocationApproximateDistance/DirectionfromUnit2kmLandUseNotVisibleorPartiallyVisibieee)Visible:LakeviewDevelopmentIntersectionofNYSRoute29andLakeRoadIntersectionofMinerRoadandrailroadsitespurLycomingNineMilePointDevelopmentNorthScribaShoreOaksDevelopmentHammondsCorner,intersectionofUS104andNYS2914/WSW18ESE24/S3.1/SE27/E4.0/SSE44/E5.6/SSEResidentialconcentrationTransportationroutelinkTransportationroutelinkResidentialconcentrationResidentialconcentrationResidentialconcentrationResidentialconcentrationResidentialconcentrationandtransportationroutelink101213Scriba,US104andCreameryRoadsJonesCorner,NYS51AandNYS29AudubonSanctuaryDemsterGroveCampgroundNewHaven,intersectionofUS104andNYS66.2/SSW70/SSE32/E8.3/ESE9/ESEResidentialconcentrationandtransportationroutelinkResidentialconcentrationandtransportationroutelinkRecreationalattractionRecreationalattractionResidentialconcentrationandtransportationroutelinkX141516NorthRoadOntarioBibleConferenceCampScribaTownPark3.8/S1.6/SW9.1/S1of2TransportationroutelinkChurchfacilityRecreationalattraction

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.1-1(Cont)StationFacilitiesHapIDNumber(~)1718LocationNewHavenTownParkFortOntarioandParkApproximateDistance/DirectionfromUnit2km8.7/ESE100/SWLandUseRecreationalattractionNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesNotVisibleorPartiallyVisible<<>Visible-192021222325262728293031OswegoSpeedwayOswegoBeachOswegoCityLibraryOswegoMarketHouseRichardson-BatesHouseU.S.CustomHouseWaltonandWillettStoneHouse(presentlyknownasCahillisFishMarket)OswegoHarborSpyIslandArthurTavernFruitValleyCommunityOswegoCityHallSheldonHall85/SW109/WSW108/SW110/SW108/SW112/SW105/SW108/SW123/E13.2/ESE15/SW112/SW128/SWRecreationalattractionRecreationalattractionNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesLakeOntarioportOfhistoricinterestOfhistoricinterestOfhistoricinterestNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesX<>>MapIDnumbersrefertoFigure3.1-9.<<>Indicatesnotvisibleorlackofclearvisibilityduetovegetativescreeningoronlyvisiblefromcertainvantagepoints.2of2

sNI2840000NIOIWE.UNITg,XI'YUNIT2REVETMENT-DITCHTOPEL263.00'YSTEMFMAINSTACKTOP/BERMEL263.00IDENTIFICATIONLEGENDAREACTORBUILDING8TURBINEBUILDINGCRAOWASTEBUILDING0HEATERBAYSESCREENWELLBUILDINGINFONI283000MATIONCENTERE.LSHORELINESETP11AOPTMTNTIP/BERM256.00II>vp/I/vIIPAVEPARKIOTIOE',I~W~~)t44tGOQEQsQFIv.~itlARCTOWER6BBlgEAAI6Agg'ILOWi1tvTop/BERMEL265.00TRANSMISSIONLINESTOP/BERMEL2.001CGAIFCONDENSATESTORAGETANKBLDGGCONTROLBUILDINGHNORMALSWITCHGEARBUILDINGJADMINISTRATIONBUILDINGLEGENDORIGINALGROONOGONIOORNEWGROUNDCONTOURFENCELINENI282000266.IlttvP/BER273.NSMIOG~~LINEF41CAEXIS'TNGIllIll))>i,O'QRAILROADNOTESI.GRIDCOORDINATESREFERTONEWYORKSTATECOORDINATESYSTEM2.ELEVATIONSREFERTOMEANSEALEVEL3.ORIGINALCONTOURINTERVAL-2FEETNI28I000~RAILROADTOP/RMEL27.00FIGURE3.1-1STATIONLAYOUT2000200400IOO300SCALEINFEETNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

CATNI284000INFOMATIONCENTERSHORELINE0NTUNITPIKEEy,Isl.'I"0OEpcUNIT2REVETMENT-DITCHTOPEL263.00'YSTEMMAINSTACK99'Ig608TOP/BERMEL263.00TOP/BERMEL265.00IDENTIFICATIONLEGENDAREACTORBUILDING8TURBINEBUILDINGCRAOWASTEBUILDING0HEATERBAYSESCREENWELLBUILDINGFCONDENSATE'TORAGETANKBLDGGCONTROL-BUILDINGHNORMALSWITCHGEARBUILDINGJADMINISTRATIONBUILDINGNI283000SETPOtGLOFTMNTTP/BERM256.00'Il~IlI/II~Tra.Tt~MOB'.IIIG(pvELOXttaTRANSMISSIONLINESIGAGLEGENDORIGINALGROUNOCONTOURNEWGROUNDCONTOURFENCEUNENI282000tOGI266.PAVEPARKIGTP/BERE273.A~~~~NSMIO~~LINE~~TGteEGGTOWERljllll'll.rlYillill3)l)TOP/BERMEL2.00'AILROADNOTESI.GRIDCOORDINATESREFERTONEWYORKSTATECOORDINATESYSTEM2.ELEVATIONSREFERTOMEANSEALEVEL3.ORIGINALCONTOURINTERVAL-2FEETGltl.GNI28I000GtTGG.aEKISTNGLARAILROADTOP/EL27RM00FIGURE3.1-2SITEPLAN2000200400IISCALEINFEETNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-.UNIT2'ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS' 0

~0'>>~r.~sl0'I0000~I'~0~ROADWAYL..440llAUXSOLERSLOCS4VENTDUCTSIASISTACKVENTASOGASEOUSRELEA52POINTREACTORrr420sjlscsts.r00jtSTACKEXI5TWASTEISSPOSALdLDCr4SAplIsr---II'0SIIIIIIIIIs'lOffCASAREA2442SSqWsS,X0'sSAYARECEN4~IIssssssl~sstI'IssINEATERdlIr'(~~s~ISsII~~IssiSCREENWELL~dtDCJtgg>.)'~rRADWASTESLDGSEltVCEWATERPVNPRilIs.sr"-=I~II~sttt't~~sSCCIOENSATE5IOSIAGETASSCSSLOG44~ItxssssIssslslI\RRTRACKS5TASOCYCA5TREAYNENTSVSLOSICIIAUISTACKrsISSASSSSSCS47.0040120I"ISERVCEI"eaWI04ssQQ-,'20~W~I~rrWst>>IOnIrshoIIIsIFOAllexwIItfjrjtssjft/III///tIIIIELECTRCAL/tIlttIIIIIISAY/IllltIII/tlI~ItII~IjjIIIItt/Ijt~I~rt//ttIIIsT~&aa00$'lItIIIIIII.IIlsIIIIIIIIIIslIIllllI~IIIIssIIIIrlIIIIsIIIIltlIIIIIIIIII,",ISCSKVSWITCNYARDIsslslIllIlslIIsllsII'IIIIIIIIIrlI~I~Iss~~~~~~I~~~~~~LfuLJuW>>cgaQINORNALSWITOCEARSLDCII15KVSWITCNYARDIa'js.rfI'lln'.ll~I~stsrssrsa>>QrsQ@Qss'rssELEVONQ2~s2IIIIIII~sr'-~4V>>000LEVNGs4VNIT20USSISSSS2S4SASAS044IXEGENERAttXISLOG~40ItOADWAYrsrtt'IslI~IH>>src?>>OdLDCSXITNCONTROLROtWSLDGssREACTOII4ItADWASTESIKLDINGCOIISINATIDNVEN'TGASEOUSRELEASEPOINTSr"dDooFIGURE313s4LOCATIONOFGASEOUSRELEASEPOINTSNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

APLUMEOCCURRENCE1%BPLUMEOCCURRENCE5%PHOTOLOCATIONI,LAKEVIEWDEVELOPMENTOFFLAKEVIEWROADISLOCATEDAPPROXIMATELY1.4kKWEST-SOUTHWESTOFNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2.THERESIDENTIALCONCENTRATIONQUALIFIESTHISSITEASANINTENSIVELANDUSELOCATION.PLUMEOCCURRENCES,DEPENDENTONSPECIFICMETEOROLOGICALCONDITIONS,ARESHOWNONTHEPHOTOGRAPHSASANTICIPATEDFOR1%AND5%OCCURRENCE.REFERTOSECTION5.3.3.1FORADISCUSSIONOFTHEEXTENTANDFREQUENCYOFPLUMEOCCURRENCE.FIGURE5.1;4SIMULATEDVIEWFROMLAKEVIEWDEVELOPMENTNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

APLUMEOCCURRENCE0.1/BPLUMEOCCURRENCE1%PHOTOLOCATION4,FORTONTARIO,ISLOCATEDAPPROXIMATELY10kmSOUTHWESTOFNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2.FORTONTARIOISLISTEDINTHENATIONALREGISTEROFHISTORICPLACESWHICHQUALIFIESTHIS.SITEASANINTENSIVELANDUSELOCATION.PLUMEOCCURRENCES,DEPENDENTONSPECIFICMETEOROLOGICALCONDITIONS,ARESHOWNONTHEPHOTOGRAPHSASANTICIPATEDFOR0.1/oAND1%OCCURRENCE.REFERTOSECTION5.3.3.IFORADISCUSSIONOFTHEEXTENTANDFREQUENCYOFPLUMEOCCURRENCE.FIGURE5.1-5SIMULATEDVIEWFROMFORTONTARIONIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

travAPLUMEOCCURRENCEI/0PHOTOLOCATION2,THEINTERSECTIONOFMINERROADANDTHECONRAILRAILROADSPUR,ISLOCATEDAPPROXIMATELY2.4kmSOUTHOFNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2.MINERROADSERVESASATRANSPORTATIONLINKWHICHQUALIFIESITASANINTENSIVELANDUSELOCATION.BPLUMEOCCURRENCE5%PLUMEOCCURRENCES,DEPENDENTONSPECIFICMETEOROLOGICALCONDITIONS,ARESHOWNONTHEPHOTOGRAPHSASANTICIPATEDFOR1/oAND5%OCCURRENCE.REFERTOSECTION5.3.3.1FORADISCUSSIONOFTHEEXTENTANDFREQUENCYOFPLUMEOCCURRENCE.FIGURE5.1-6SIMULATEDVIEWFROMMINERROADRAILROADNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

APLUMEOCCURRENCE0.1%PLUMEOCCURRENCE0.5%CPLUMEOCCURRENCEI/oPHOTOLOCATION3,APOINTALONGNORTHROAD,ISLOCATEDAPPROXIMATED3.8kmSOUTHOFNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2.ASNORTHROADSERVESASAMAJORTRANSPORTATIONROUTEINTHEAREA,ASWELLASARESIDENTIALSTREETITQUALIFIESASANINTENSIVELANDUSELOCATION.PLUMEOCCURRENCES,DEPENDENTONSPECIFICMETEOROLOGICALCONDITIONS,ARESHOWNONTHEPHOTOGRAPHSASANTICIPATEDFOR0.1%,0.5%AND1%OCCURRENCE.REFERTOSECTION5.3.3.1FORADISCUSSIONOFTHEEXTENTANDFREQUENCYOFPLUMEOCCURRENCEFIGuRE5.1-7SIMULATEDVIEWFROMNORTHROADNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

IARCHITECTURALRENDERINGOFTHEPLANT

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.2REACTORSTEAM-ELECTRICSYSTEM3.2.1NumberofUnitsandDescriptionofReactorUnit2utilizesaboilingwaternuclearsteam-generatingsystemmanufacturedbytheGeneralElectricCompany(GE),witharatedcorethermalpowerof3,323MW.Theelectrical,outputoftheturbinegeneratorisapproximately1,100MW.TheunitisdesignedandconstructedbyStone6WebsterEn-gineeringCorporation(SWEC).Theprincipalcomponentsaretheturbinegeneratorandnuclear.steam-generatingsystem.Themajorcomponentsandoperationofaboilingwaterreac-tor(BWR),powerstationareshowndiagrammaticallyonFigure3.2-1.TheBWRisadirect-cycle,lightwatermoderated,thermalreactor.Heatisproducedinthereactorvesselbythefis-sionofUranium-235,whichiscontainedwithin764fuelas-sembliesinthereactorcore.Eachfuelassemblycontains62fuelrodsand2"waterrods"arrangedinan8by8fuelrodconfiguration.AfuelrodisaZircaloy-2cladtubethatcontainsfuelpelletscomposedofUOzstackedverticallyinthetube.Fuelenrichmentvariesfrominitialcoretosubsecpxentreloadcores.Fortheinitialcore,threeaveragefuelbundleenrichmentsareutilized,withaninitialaverageenrichmentof1.88percentUranium-235.Theanticipatedinitialcoreirradiationisapproximately9,600MWd/shortton.TheweightofUOzinthecoreisapproximately349,000lb(158,300kg).Waterentersthereactorfromthefeedwatersystemandiscirculatedthroughthecore,whereitreceivesheatfromthefissionreactionandvaporizesintosteam.ThesteamisdirectedthroughmoistureseparatorsandsteamdryersinthetopofthereactorvesselsThewateralsoservesasamoderatortoslowthefastneutronsemittedduringfissiontothethermalrange,wheretheycanbecapturedbyUranium-235tocontinuethefissionprocess.Thereactorvesselisfabricatedfromlow-alloysteel,theinteriorofwhichiscladwithstainlesssteel.Ithasaninsidediameterof251in(638cm)andanoverallheightofapproximately74ft(22.5m).Thetopheadisflangedandremovableforaccesstothecoreforrefuelingandservicing.Thebottomheadisfixedandcontainspene-trationsforthe185controlroddrive(CRD)mechanismsthatpositioncontrolrodbladeswithinthecore.3~21 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTworeactorrecirculation,.pumpstakesuctionfromthean-nulusbetweenthecoreregionandthereactorvesselwallandreturnflowtonozzlesonthereactorvesselthatareconnectedtoatotalof10pairsofinternaljetpumps.Thehigh-velocitywaterflowingfromthejetpumpnozzleen-trainsthebalance'ofthefeedwaterflowanddirectsittotheplenumatthebottomofthevesselascoolantforthereactorcore.TheCRDsystemiscomposedof185CRDmechanismswithhy-drauliccontrolunits,eachservicingacontrolrodwithinthecore.Thesystemuses;adouble-acting.hydraulicpistonwhichuseswatersuppliedfromthecondensatesystemastheoperatingfluid.Thedrivemechanismscanpositiontherodsatintermediateincrementsovertheentirecorelength,thusallowingselectionofthedesiredthermalneutronfluxpat-ternwithinthecore.Nitrogen-chargedaccumulatorsprovidestoredenergyforrapidinsertion.(scram)ofthecontrolrod.Reactorwaterqualityismaintainedbythereactorwatercleanupsystem,whichremovesfissionproducts,corrosionproducts,andothersolubleandinsolubleimpurities'eac-torwatertobeprocessedistakenfromthesuctionsideofeachofthetworeactorwaterrecirculationpumpsandfromthebottomofthereactorpressurevessel.Thetemperatureofthewaterisreducedto120'Fbyfirstpassingthewaterthroughthetubesideofthe.regenerativeheatexchangerandthenthroughthetubesideofthenonregenerative-heatexchanger.Afterfiltrationanddeionizationbythefilter/demineralizerunits,thewaterisreheatedwhenpassedthroughtheshellsideof-theregenerativeheatexchangerandreturnedtothereactorvesselbywayofthefeedwatersystem.Thefilter/demineralizerunitsareapressureprecoattype,withholdingelementscoatedwithSolka-Floeandpowderedionexchangeresinsthatserveasfiltermediaandademineralizingagent,respectively.Uponexhaustion,backwashing,andstorageforradioactivedecay,theprecoatisconveyedtotheradwastesystemfordisposal.Theresidualheatremoval(RHR)syst:emremovesbothdecayheatandsensibleheatfromthereactorwaterwithinthenu-clearboilersystemduringreactorshutdown.Theshutdowncoolingmodehasthecapabilityofreducingthereactorves-seltoatemperatureof125F,includingdrainingandflushing,inapproximately20hrafterthecontrolrodsareinsertedforshutdownandthenmaintainingthewateratthistemperatureorlower(FSARSection5.4.7).Thereactor3.2-24 Nine'MilePointUnit2ER-OLSwateristakenfrom-oneofthe.reactorwaterrecirculation'oops,pumpedthroughtheRHRheatexchangers,andreturnedtothereactorves'selvia-'thereactorwaterrecirculation*loop.FlowfromtheRHR-systemduringtheshutdowncoolingmodecan=bedivertedtothespraynozzlelocatedabovethecoreinthereactorvesseltocondensesteamwhiletheves.-selisbeingflooded.Inthe':eventthatthereactorvesselbecomesisolated.fromthemaincondenserandth'efeedwaterbecomesunavailabletomaintainreactorvessel.waterlevel,thereactor.core.isolationcooling(RCIC)systemisinitiated.'automatically.toallowthecomplete,orderlyshutdownoftheplant.Afterreactorpressurehasdecreasedtoapredeterminedvalue,theshutdown.coolingmodeoftheRHR--systemis'initiatedmanually.TheRCICsystemmaintains.sufficient,waterinthereactorpressurevesseltocoolthecoreandmaintainthe.reactorplantinstandbycondition.ItincludesasteamturbinewhichdrivestheRCICpump,andnecessaryaccessories,instrumentation,andcontrols.Thepumpsup-pliesmakeupwater-fromthecondensatestorage:tank,thesteam'condensedinRHRheatexchangers,-or,intheemergencycase,fromthesuppressionpoolwithinthecontainment.Theturbineisdrivenbypartofthedecayheatsteam.generated.within.thereactorvessel'andexhauststothesuppres'sionpoolwithinthecontainment.TheRCICpumpdischargewaterflowsintothereactorvesselthroughaconnectiononthereactorhead.The.waterisdistributedtoobtain'ixingwiththehotwaterorsteam;.Thesteamproducedinthereactorflowstothe-turbinegenerator,whichispartofthestationpowerconversionsystem,forconversiontoelectricalenergy.Thestationpowerconversionsystemconsistsofcomponentsofconven-tionaldesignprovenbyuse,in.largepowerstations..-Nhere.necessary,equipmentismodifiedandshieldedtoconformtofederalrulesandregulationsonradiationstandards.Inadditiontotheprecedingsystems,usedfornormalpowergeneration,standby-conditions,andshutdowncooling,several-systemsareinstalled-toprovideemergencycorecoolingintheunlikelyevent'of=areactoraccident.*.Thesesystems.includethehigh-pressure-corespraysystem,low-pressurecorespray.system,and-.the-low-pressurecoolantinjectionmodeoftheRHRsystem.These.systemsfunctiontoprovidecoolingwaterforthe.;reactorcoretorestoreandmaintain,ifnecessary,thewaterinventoryinthereactorvesselafteradesignbasisloss-of-coolant.ac-cidentsothatthecoreissufficiently,cooled.'topreventfuelcladdingdamage.3~23 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.2.2DescriptionoftheTurbineGeneratorandCondenserTheturbinegenerator,.manufacturedbyGE,isan1,800-rpmtandemcompoundunitconsistingofonedouble-flow,high-pressurecasingandthreedouble-flow,low-pressurecasings.TheturbineandgeneratordesigninformationisdetailedinFSARTable10.1-1andSection8.3.1.Theturbineprovidesextractionsteamforsixstagesoffeedwaterheating.Com-binationmoisture-,separatorreheaterslocatedoneachsideofthehigh-pressure-turbinesareinthesteampathbetweenthehigh-pressureandlow-pressuresections.Eachcom-binationmoisture-separatorreheatercontainsonestageofmoistureseparationandonestageofreheatinoneshell.Therearethreeone-thirdcapacityfeedwaterheatertrainsthatreceiveextraction;steamfromthehigh-andlow-pressureturbines.Foradditionalinformation,refertothefeedwaterandcondensatesystemdescriptioninFSARSection10.4.7.Steamexhaustingfromthelow-pressureturbinesflowstothemainsurfacecondenser.andiscondensedbycirculatingwater..Thecondenserisathree-shell,single-pass,dividedwaterboxarrangementwithasurfaceofapproximately672,000sgft(62,430sqm).Theshellsareset,transversetotheturbineshafts.Radiolyticall'ygeneratedoxygenandhydrogenandairin-leakagetoeachcondenserareremovedtotheoff-gassystembyoneoftwotwo-stagesteamjet-airejectorsduringnormaloperation.Twomotor-drivenmechanicalvacuum(hogging)pumpsex-haustingtothemainstackareusedduringstartuptoevacuatethecondenserandturbinecasing.Thecondensatestoredineachcondenserispumpedviathreecondensatepumpsthroughthecondensate-demineralizersystem;two(onespare)steamjet-airejectorsarrangedinparallel;twoglandsteamleakoffcondensers;threeconden-sateboosterpumps;secondandthirdpointexternaldraincoolers;first,second,third,fourth,andfifth.pointheaters;andthentothesuctionofthethreereactorfeedpumps.Thefeedwaterdischargefromeachofthethreefeedpumpspassesthroughthesixthpointhigh-pressurefeedwaterheater-andflowstothereactor.Thecondensatedemineralizersystemconsistsofninemixed-bed,equallysizedionexchangeunits(twoasspares).3.2-4 TURBINEMOISTURESEPARATOR/REHEATERLP.TURBINELP.TURBINELP.TURBINEGENERATORREACTOR444444KWTOELECTRICALTRANSMISSIONSYSTEMFROMCONDENSATESYSTEMTOCONTROLRODDRIVE8EHEATERDRAINRECEIVER5thPOINTHTRTOBUILDINGHEATINGSYSTEMDCDCREACTORWATERCLEAN-UPFILTER/DEMINERALIZERSYSTEM6thPOINTHTR6MOISTURESEPARATORDRAIN4RECEIVER4thPOINTHTRDC~(TYPICAL)I3rdPOINTHTR2ndPOINTHTR(1stPOINTHTR321CLEANSTEAMREBOILERDCTORADWASTESYSTEMDCCONDENSATEBOOSTERPUMPFROMRADWASTEtSYSTEMCONDENSATESTORAGETANKTOCRDSYSTEMFROMTURBINESEALSAIREJECTORTOAMCONDENSERCONDENSERINPUTSCIRCULATINGWATERSYSTEMAIREJECTORREACTORFEEDWATERPUMPDRAINCOOLERPYP)EQUIPMENT/UNIT4thPOINT.HEATERDRAINPUMPSTOCONDENSERGLANDSTEAMCONDCONDENSATEDfMINERAUZERPUMPTOCONDENSERTOCONDENSERTOOFFGASSYSTEM1REACTOR2MOISTURESEPARATORREHEATERS350%REACTORFEEDWATERPUMPS3STRINGSOFHEATERS,PLUS3rd82ndHEATERDRAINCOOLERS2100'SGLANDSTEAMCONDENSER2100%AIREJECTORS9CONDENSATEDEMINERAUZERIONEXCHANGERS3100%4thPOINTHEATERDRAINPUMPS2CLEANSTEAMREBOILER350%CONDENSATEPUMPS350%CONDENSATEBOOSTERPUMPSFIGURE3.2-1STATIONFUNDAMENTALFLOWDIAGRAMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNlNEMILEPOINT-UNlT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.3PLANTWATERUSE3.3.1WaterConsumptionandUseDuringnormaloperation,anaverageof3,380l/s(53,600gpm)oflakewateriswithdrawnfromLakeOntarioandutilizedmostlyascoolingwater.Figure3.3-1schematicallyillustratesthewaterflowanduseatUnit2.Asillustrated,thewaterfromLakeOntarioentersthesystemviathescreenwellandiscirculatedthroughoutthesystembytheservicewaterpumps.Table3.3-1liststhecalculatedcoolingwaterflowsandassociatedtemperaturesforUnit2overa12-monthperiod.DatapresentedinTable3.3-1representthemaximum,minimum,andaverageflowsexpected.Thetotalflowissignificantlyreducedduringashutdowncondition.Thefollowingdiscussiondescribesthepatternofflowfornormaloperation.Uponenteringthescreenwell,9401/s(14,925gpm)offlowaredirectedtothefishdiversionsystem,whichdischargestoLakeOntario.Theremaining2,4401/s'38,675gpm)offlowpassesthroughthescreenwelltotheservicewatersystem.Themainflowpathfromtheservicewatersystemistothecirculatingwatersystemandtheservicewaterbypass.Approximately1,5801/s(25,000gpm)areutilizedasmakeuptothecirculatingwatersystem,andanaverageof8601/s(13,675gpm)arereturnedtothelake.Ofthe1,5801/s(25,000gpm)enteringthecirculatingwatersystem,anaverageof6251/s(9,920gpm)islostbyevaporationanddriftfromthecoolingtower.Theremainingoutflowfromthecirculatingwatersystemis9551/s(15,080gpm),whichreturnstothelakeviathedischargetunnel.Minimalflowisanticipatedforthemakeupdemineralizer,chemicalwastetreatment,reactorbuildingusage,turbinebuildingusage,andradwastesystem.Initially,thesesystemswouldrequirefilling(approximately3.4xlOG1[900,000gal])atarateof131/s(200gpm).ThesesystemsareshownonFigure3.3-1asthedashed-blocksection,becausethesesystemsrequireminimal.flow(closedcircuitarea).Minimallossesareanticipatedandonlymakeupwaterisrequired.Table3.3-2liststheestimatedwateruseoutflowsforthevarioussystems,whichvarydependingonthemodeorconditionofthesystem.Therefore,thevariousflowsforminimum,maximum,andrefuelingconditionsaretabulated.3.3-1 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSAsindicated,thedischargerateunderamaximumconditionislow,oncethesystemisonline.FlowsforvariouswaterusesarelistedinTable3.3-2.Duringnormalplantoperation,thereactorbuildingsystemsutilizeaminimumof0to1.31/s(20gpm)andamaximumof571/s(910gpm)forthedurationsnoted.Collectively,theturbinebuildingusersandtheradwastebuildingusersconsumeaminimumof0to271/s(425gpm)and0to2.81/s(45gpm),respectively,undernormalplantoperation.Thewatertreatmentsystemisdesignedforamaximumflowof161/s(250gpm),ofwhich31/s(40gpm)areusedassealwaterforthecirculatingwaterpumps.Theremaining131/s(210gpm)areformakeupwatersystemuse,asneeded.TheOswegoCityWaterSupplyisthewatersourceforthesanitarysystem.OtherusesoftheOswegoCityWaterSupplyareasshownonFigure3.3-1.Insumm'ary,thestationwateruseisextremelysmall.TheUnit2withdrawalrateisapproximately0.03percentoftheaverageflowthroughLakeOntario,asdiscussedinSection5.2.1.3'.2WaterTreatment3.3.2.1CirculatingWaterSystemSulfuricacid'ndsodium"hypochloriteareaddedtothecirculatingwatersystemtomaintainscale-freeandcleanheatexchangesurfaces.Descriptionsofboththesulfuricacidandsodiumhypochloritesubsystemsfollow.AschematicflowdiagramofsulfuricacidandhypochloriteadditionsystemsisshownonFigure3.3-2.Neitherpretreatmentofthemakeupwaternortreatmentofthecoolingtowerblowdownisnecessary.SulfuricAcidAdditionCalciumcarbonatescalinginpiping,inthetower,andinthecondenseriscontrolledbyconvertingcalciumcarbonate,anaturalconstituentofthelakewater,tocalciumsulfateviasulfuricacidaddition.Sulfuricacidisaddedtoreduce,butnotcompletelyremove,thealkalinityofthecirculatingwater,therebycontrollingcalciumcarbonatescalingbyshiftingthecarbonate/bicarbonateequilibrium.WhenUnit2isoperatingatfullload,approximately0.061/s(1gpm)of93percentsulfuricacidisaddedto3~32 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSthecirculatingwatersystematthedischargesideofthecondenser.Acidadditioniscontinuous,andmanuallycontrolled.Thesulfuricacidstoragetanksare.installedinanacid-resistantbuildingandhaveinherentdesignfeaturesthatcontainanyspillageduetoruptureorleakageofatank.SodiumHochloriteAdditionBiofoulinginthecirculatingwatersystemiscontrolledbyusingsodiumhypochlorite,'hichactsessentiallythesameaschlorine,butissafertohandle.Sodiumhypochloritereducesreproductionofalgae,fungi,andbacteria.ThecondenserandcoolingtowerwillbetreateddailywithsodiumhypochloritewithinthelimitsprescribedbytheEPA'.Theselimitsare2hr/dayofchemicaltreatment,not,toexceedaresidualchlorinelevelof0.2mg/1(average)and0.5mg/1(maximum).Sodiumhypochloriteisproducedonsitebythereactionofsaltandwaterinanelectrolyticcell.".heequipmenthasthecapacitytogeneratesodiumhypochloriteatamaximumrateof907kg(2,000lb)ofchlorineequivalentperday.Thehypochloriteproducedisstoredinahypochloritestoragetankfromwhichitisfedintothecirculatingwatersystemasneeded.Similartotheacidstoragetanks,thehypochloritestoragetankisalsodesignedtocontainanyspillage.Sodiumhypochloritesolutionisinjectedintothecirculatingwatersystemdirectlyaheadofthecondenser.Theamountofhypochloriteaddeddependsonthechlorinedemandofthecirculatingwateraswellasthefrequencyanddurationofchlorination.Therateofchlorineadditioniscontrolledautomaticallybya-continuouschlorineanalyzer,locatedimmediatelydownstreamofthecondenser,toensurethattheconcentrationoffreeavailablechlorineisbelow0.5mg/1attheoutletofthecondenser,inconformancewithEPAstandards.Automaticfeedbackcontrolisperformedbythefreechlorineanalyzer.Thecirculatingwatersystemisexpectedtobechlorinatedonceadayfora30-minperiod.Based,.ontheprecedingchlorinationcharacteristicsandtheEPAResidualModel'~',calculationsindicatethatbothfreeavailableandtotalresidualchlorineconcentrationscomplywithapplicablefederaleffluentregulationsspecifiedin40CFR423'~'.3~33 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.3.2.2MakeupWaterTreatmentSystemThemakeupwatertreatmentsystemisdesignedtoremovedissolvedandsuspendedsolidsfromrawlakewatertoproducehigh-qualityfiltereddemineralizedwater.Demineralizedwaterisnecessaryforuseduringplantoperationasmakeuporwashdownbyvarioussystemsintheturbine,reactor,andradwastebuildings.Themakeupwatersystemiscomposedof:1.Pretreatmentprocess-ananthraciteandanactivatedcarbonfilter.2.Demineralizerprocess-degasifer,weakandstrongcation,weakandstronganion,andmixed-bedionexchangeunits.Thedemineralizedwaterproductispumpedtothemakeupwatersystemanddistributedasrequiredorstoredforsubsequentuse.TheexpectedmakeupwatersystemproductwaterqualityisaslistedinTable3.3-3.Essentially,alldissolvedconstituentspresentinwaterareremovedbythecationandaniondemineralizers.Themixed-beddemineralizersserveasapolishingunittoremovetracequantitiesofdissolvedsolidsthatmaypassthroughthecationoraniondemineralizers.Thecation-anionandmixed-beddemineralizersrequireperiodicregenerationusingsulfuricacidandsodiumhydroxidetorestoreresinstothehydrogenandhydroxylform.Duringnormaloperation,itisexpectedthatthemakeupdemineralizersystemwillrequireregenerationapproximatelytwiceamonth.Duringstartup,thedemineralizersmayberegeneratedasfrequentlyasonceadaytoprovidesufficient.demineralizedwatertothesteamgenerator.Theappr'oximatequantitiesofchemicalsexpectedtobeusedperregenerationareasfollows:1.Sulfuricacid(489kg[1,079lb]as93%HzSO<).2..Sodiumhydroxide(267kg[589lb]as50%NaOH).3.3.2.3CondensateDemineralizerSystemThecondensatedemineralizersystemdemineralizesandpolisheswaterfromthecondensatesystem.TheexpectedcondensatedemineralizersystemproductwaterqualityisaslistedinTable3.3-4.3.3-4 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSNixed-beddemineralizersrequireregenerationtorestoreresins.Duringnormaloperation,oneofthenineresinbedsinthecondensate-demineralizersystemwillrequireregenerationapproximatelyonceaweek,withanadditionalregenerationduringstartup.Theapproximatequantitiesofchemicalsexpectedtobeusedperregenerationare:1.Sulfuricacid(567kg[1,250lb]as93%HzSO<),.2.Sodiumhydroxide(500kg[1,100lb]as50%NaOH).Table3.3-5listsquantitiesandpurposesofchemicaladditionstothewaterusedforstationoperation.TreatmentofnonradioactivewastewaterisfurtherdiscussedinSection3.6.Theexpectedflowsandchemicalcompositionofstationeffluentsarealsopresentedinthat,section.Becausewastewaterfromtheregenerationofthecondensatedemineralizersystemisradioactive,treatmentofthewastewaterfromregenerationofthissystemisdiscussedinSection3.5.ChemicalsaddedtotheradwastesystemarealsodescribedinSection3.5.3.3-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.3.3References1.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.SteamElectricPowerGeneratingPointSourceCategory:EffluentGuidelinesandStandards.40CFR423,July1,1980.2.NationalEnvironmentalResearchCenter,OfficeofResearch-andDevelopment.PredictingandControllingResidualChlorineinCoolingTowerBlowdown.EPA-R2-73-73-293,EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Corvallis,OR,July1973.3.3-6 MineNilepointUnit2ER-olsTADLE33-1MONTHLYWATERUSEDATAFORUNIT2WetBulbTempera-ture(4P)January41.0(Hax)215(hvg)'16.0(Nin)RelativeMuaidity(I)47.0(Nin)783(hvg)100.0(Hax)Lakec>>Tempera-ture(ep)320(Min)350(Avg)420(Hax)LakeLevel(ft)244.632446324463EstAverageserviceHaterFlov(gpa)39,60039'0039,600PishsystemFlow(gpa)14i92510i925Ise925Temperingwatertlov(g)~G4~9603,210CoolingTowerEvaporation(g)10,550(Nax)7,800(Avg)4,560(Nln)TotalLakeIntake(g)49'6551,31554F52517359,490143513,99011~3520r00035824010~614~60014~60014,600ServiceMaterccolingTover(*TP(((Wl((((((((((~K~LCombinedPlant24621907105624,09028'9035,000Plov(gpm)(4F)~N~oFebruary43.0(Nax)23.0(Avg)150(Hin)33.0(Nin)78.4(Avg)100.0(Nax)320(Nin)33.0(Avg)01.O(Nax)24463244'32446339'0039,60039'0014~92514~92514,9255,0504~88511,200(Max)8,000(Avg)4i731(Nin)49'40~9i37554,52514~60014'0014~60017358,915163511,950113520F26937227012023,51526'5034,8692490211411'ISMarch570(Nax)29.4(Avg)-0.O(Min)370(Hin)75.0(Avg)100.0(Nax)320(Min)3'(hvg)420(Nax)24473244732447339,61039i61039,61014,9251492514,9254~3053i83012,250(Nax)8,650(Avg)3,928(Nin)50,23050,7055'351~,610lsi61014~6101735Si005153512i520113519,07246430011023,05517~130~33,6822799221111.73April630(Nax)0'I5(Avg)160(Nin)24.0(Nin)69.9(hvg)100.0(Nax)340(Nin)38~0(hvg)020(Max)24543245,032050339,68239'8239,68214'2514,92514,9252,73013~150(Nax)9'50(Avg)7,508(Nin)51,87750~60754,60710~68215339i'12010~682I13315g050lsx682113317e49246432011723,80229,73232r17027232179'll69JuneJulyAugust760(Max)590(Avg)28.0(Nin)71.0(Nax)59.0(Avg)36.0(Nln)79.0(Nax)634(Avg)41~0(Nln)79.0(aax)62~(hvg)~3.0(Nin)28.0(Nin)66.9(hvg)100.0Llax)29.0(Min)676(Avg)100.0(Nax)28.0(Nin)68.9(hvg)1000(Nax)270(Nin)724(Avg)100.0(Nax)40~0(Min)430(hvg)520(Nax)~2.0(Hin)56.0(Avg)630(Hax)460(Nin)690(hvg)78.0(Max)48.0(Nin)700(Avg)700(Nax)246132461324613246.43246.4324643246.43246.432464324613246131461339,75439c75039,75439i78039,7S439i78439,78439i78443,31639F75439x75439,75414~92514,92514~92514~92514i92514,92514,92514,92514~92510i92514i92514,92513,700(Max)10~850(Avg)8~100(Min)13~400(Nax)IIi500(Aver)8'50(Min)13x800(Max)11,750(Avg)9,100(Nin)13,800(Nax)11550(hvg)9,300(Nin)54'795'7954,679Sai70950i70954i70950i70954,70959,5865'7954'7950,67914~754Isi75414,75014'8414'8414'84Iei78014'8418~31614i75014i75414i75411~3111~300113110~ISO113116~900113011~60011~3013,5001130Isi250I'I3011~200113013,250103815i9001131.11~20011~3113g450113115,70047233010046125030~50140-90396120-4026i05028i90031,65026'8428e2803'I'3425,98428'3434,21625,95428,20430i45026882193106126601784695258312581.3723521164342September76.0(Nax)56.2(Avg)300(Nin)270(Nin)737(Avg)1000(Nax)450(Min)63.0(Avg)72.0(Nax)24563245632456339e70239i70239e70214i92514~92514i91513y700(Max)11100(hvg)8,200(Nin)54~62750~62754,62714~7021'021~i70211~3211~300Il3213,90011~3216isoo360160-8026F00028,60231~50222051359102OctoberMoveaber710(Max)471(hvg)25.0(Nin)60.0(Nax)37.4(Avg)90(Min)33.0(Nin)72.8(hvg)1000(Nax)38.0(Nln)76.'I(Avg)1000(Nax)420(Nin)540(hvg)63.0(Max)380(Nin)~50(hvg)520(Nax)20513245132451320483200.832448339I65139'5139,65139,62039,62039,62014i92510,92514'2510~92514,92514,92513,300(Mar)1'50(hvg)7,800(Nin)12~600(Nax)9'00(Avg)6~816(Nln)54'765'7654'7650,54554'455'4514~65114~65114,65110~62014,62014,620113411,70011~34Isg65011~3~"17r200113512,0001'I3515'00113518,184345190-2.03732301026~35129,30131~85127r02030,32032,8042'I.62151741423261738561December52.0(Nax)259(Avg)-70(Nin)46.0(Nln)78.3(hvg)1000(Nax)350(Min)38~0(Avg)~30(Nax)24483244.832'339'2039'2039'2014r925Isi92514,9252i34011F550(Nax)Si250(hvg)5,586(Nin)52,20554,5455'4514,620Isi62010~62014.3511~11011~3516i75011~3519i0$034223013525,73031e37034'3422.9217571258Ice(E)through(0)indicatexeferencepointsontigure3.3-1(AthroughDarenotshovn).c>>Basedondatafrom1972MineNilepointUnit1foraaxiauaandainiauatemperaturesandUnit2ConstructionPermitStageFigure2~5-1foraveragetemperature.EnvironmentalReportc>>AverageandaaxiauacoolingtoverblovdownflowsarebasedonRochester,MewYork,veatherdatafrom1955to1964.CoolingtowerblowdovnfloveforaaximuaATarebasedonRochester,MevYork,veatherdatafor1955.Maximumdischargeflovvillnotbeexceededduringnormaloperation.ccIATisthedifferencebetweendischargeteaperatureandlaketemperature.MaximumATvillbeexceededlessthan5%ofthetime.NaxiauadTcouldoccurduringthemonthofNay,resultinginaaaxiauablowdownATof494tandacombinedplantSTof27.664tc>>Theseflowsareassociatedwithnormalplantoperation.Theaaxiaumcoabinedplantdischargeflovwillduringanormalplantshutdovn.

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE33-2ESTIMATEDWATERUSAGEUserReactorBui'Id1nNormaIPlant0erationHin.Hax~Noe~m~mPlantShutdownMinHax~Noe~m~mPIanRefueIinMin-Hax~Noe~m~mNormalPlantUsae"Note~al.SpentfuelcoolingReactorwatercleanupHPCS/LPCSResiduaIheatremovaIServicewaterRadwaseBuildin12250560'0-2010012333250.5600-1001500-2003000-201001250256030-10015030"20030030-201002,5002,8003,0003,0001F000LiquidradwasteSolidradwasteOecontaminationroomTurbineBuildinCondensermakeupCondensatedemineraIizerTotal30-252002-10030-201000-20050040-22530030-25200210030-2010050-22530030-25200210030-20-1006,00050030,00048,800<<Normalplantusageestimatebasedononeresinregenerationandapproximateusagefor1week.NOTES:1.2.3.4.5.6.Onceortwiceaweekusageforshortduration(lessthan15min).Oailyusageforshortduration(lessthan5min).Intermittentusageforshortduration(lessthan30min).Requiredforresinregenerationfor5hrwhencondensatetemperatureexceeds'l20~F.Requiredforresinregenerationfor5hr.Notnormallyanticipated.1of1 4~~

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.3-3MAKEUPWATERSYSTEM-WATERQUALITYParameterTotaldissolvedsolidsHardness(asCaCO>)SilicaCarbondioxideConductivitypHSodiumIronChloridesConcentration0.04ppmtrace0.02ppmtrace0.2umhos6.6-7.50.02ppptracetrace

Nj.neMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.3-4CONDENSATEDEMINERALIZERSYSTEM-WATERQUALITYParameterConcentrationSilicaMetalsLeadChlorideHardness5ppb(max)10ppb(max)ondetectable'~'2ppbConductivity6.5to7.50.10umho/cm(max)Ofwhichcopperwillnotexceed2ppb.'Byacceptablereferencemethod.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE33-5CHEMICALADDITIONSTOWATERUSEDFORSTATIONOPERATIONChemicalAddedandSodiumhypochlorite(asNaOCl)ReasonfororSourceofAdditionAverage~lb/d~a)Maximum~lb~/da~ereuencCirculatingwatersystemSulfuricacid(as93%HzSO~)DemineralizedwatermakeuptreatmentsystemCondensatepolishersystemCirculatingwatersystemCirculatingwatersystemSodiumhydroxide(as50%NaOH)DemineralizedwatermakeuptreatmentsystemCondensatepolishersystemBiofoulingcontrolRegenerationofionexchangeresinsRegenerationofionexchangeresinsSealingcontrolRegenerationofionexchangeresinsRegenerationofionexchangeresinsVariable<t>710207121,95138.8157.12,0001079cz)1,050<~>21,951589cz31,100<~>DailyBimonthlyWeeklyDailyBimonthlyWeekly<<~Valuedependsonfrequency,duration,anddosageofchlorination,whichisaddedonlyinamountssufficienttopreventbiofouling.<>>Maximumvalueoccursonlyasaresultofregenerationduringstartupoperations.1of1

IISNDIY(RSION5T5NMI~.~15SttVIC(WAI(t5151tMDI5CNAtD(Q1$.615(AVO)LAKEWAiN$$.400(AVOIch8ICR(INWILLSIMt5(AYD)$.41~(5(AIONALI1(MI(RINDWA'Ilt$6.675(AVOJ51IVICIch.WAI(R5151(M2$.000COOLIN4TOW(R4,T.nd(AVO)IS.010(AVD)IIL'IERtVMt5(ALS$(tVICIWAItRIVAtORAIIONANDWATERDR111LIP(5MAKIVtWA'llRDIMINIRAllilt5MAKIUtWAIIR5TORAOICNIMICALWA5NTREATMENTDISCNAROITUNNELil.t$$IN-MANIMAKIVtWAIIRV5ITSLAC(tVAtOIAIIVtAM15C(IIAN10U5L05515COND(NIAI(510RAOILIOVDRADWASI(STII(MINt(AN'ICONDINIAI(VI(R5RIACIOR6UIIDINOMAIDRAINAOICLEANILOORAIOVltMOIIDRAINSRAINWAIERSIORMWAItt015CNAROIIM(ROINCT5VIRLT10MAK(VtWAIIRTRIA'IMLNI5Vttl'IRACKUt10IIIIti01(CIlONtll(SVR(MAIN'IINANCtTANKCONIIOLLOOMNVACNUMIDIIIIRSREPRESENTSFLOWSFROMTABLE3.3-1MINIMUMFLOWAREAFLOWRATESINGPMOPERATINGFLOWRATESVARYMVNICItALt(RIONN(LSAINT5AltlT5NOWtl(ITIWASNL5DICON'IAMINAIION5TAIION5ANIIART5TIltMNMtUNITIFIGURE3.3-1WATERUSEDIAGRAMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS IIIf SODIUMHYPOCHLORITEADDITIONSULFURICACIDADDITIONfEVAPORATIONFLOWIICONDENSERCONDENSERCOOUNGTOWERCONDENSERTEMIERINGWATERFLOWTOTALLAKEINTAKEFLOWFISHBYPASSSYSTEMSERVICEWATERSYSTEMMAKEUPLAKEFISHRETURNCOMBINEDPLANTDISCHARGEFLOWDISCHARGEBAYSERVICEWATERNOTUSEDFORMAKEUPSLOWDOWNFLOWFIGURE3.3-2SCHEMATICOFCIRCULATINGWATERSYSTEMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.4COOLINGSYSTEMS3.4.1SystemDescriptionandOperationalModes3.4.1.1CirculatingWaterSystemThecirculatingwatersystemprovidesthemaincondenserwithacontinuoussupplyofcoolingwater.Thewaterisusedtoremovetheheat.rejectedfromtheturbineexhaust,turbinebypasssteam,andotherpowerconversioncycleinputsoverthefullrangeofoperatingloads.3.4.1.1.1SystemDescriptionTheclosed-loopcirculatingwatersystemisdiscussedindetailinFSARSection10.4.5.2.3.4.1.1.2OperationalModesThecirculatingwatersystemisdesignedto'onvey36,590l/s(580,000gpm)ofcoolingwaterbetweenthemaincondenserandthenatural-draftcoolingtower.OperationalmodesarefurtherdiscussedinFSARSection10.4.5.DetailsofthecoolingtoweroperationandperformancearediscussedinSection3.4.2.3.3.4.1.1~3QuantitiesofHeatDistributedThecirculatingwatersystemisdesignedtorejectaheatloadof5.513x10g-cal/sec(7.875x10Btu/hr)fromthemaincondensertotheatmosphere.ThisisfurtherdescribedinFSARSection10.4.5.3.4.1.1.4QuantitiesofWaterWithdrawn,Consumed,andDischargedMakeupwaterfortheclosed-loopcirculatingwatersystemisobtainedfromtheservicewatersystem.Therefore,theonlycoolingwaterwithdrawnfromLakeOntarioisfortheservicewaterrequirements(Section3.4.1.2)andthefishdiversionsystem.Aconstant1,580l/s(25,000gpm)makeupisprovided.Dependingonthemeteorologicalconditions,theanticipatedcoolingtowerevaporationraterangesfrom290l/sto8701/s(4,560gpmto13,800gpm)duringnormaloperation.Themaximum,average,andminimummonthlyanticipatedevaporationratesarelistedinTable3.3-1.Themaximumwaterdriftemittedfromthecoolingtoweris0.005percent3.4-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSofthecirculatingwaterperformancecharacteristicsSection3.4.2.3.flow.ThecoolingtowerarediscussedinPThecoolingtowerblowdownflowrangesfrom5301/sto1,290l/s(8,445gpmto20,440gpm)duringnormaloperation.Thecoolingtowerblowdownisdischargedintothescreenwelldischargebay,whereitmixeswiththeservicewaterbypassandisdischargedtothelake(FSARSection9.2.5).Figure3.4-1showsthecirculatingwatersystemwateruse.Themaximum,average,andminimummonthlycoolingtowerblowdownflows,evaporationrates,andtemperingwaterflowsarelistedinTable3.3-1.3.4~1~1.5WaterTemperaturesThecoldwaterbasintemperatureofthecoolingtowerrangesfrom6.7Cto34C(44Fto93'F)duringnormaloperation,dependingonthemeteorologicalconditions'~'.Thehot.watertemperatureinthedischargeofthecondenserrangesfrom22Cto49C(71Fto120F).ThisisfurtherdiscussedinFSARSection10.4.5~Themaximum,average,andminimummonthlyblowdowntemperaturedifferentialsabovetheambientlaketemperaturearelistedinTable3.3-1.3.4.1.2ServiceWaterSystemTheservicewatersyst:emprovidescoolingwaterfromLakeOntariotoallsafety-relatedcomponentsin-thereactor,control,dieselgenerator,andscreenwellbuildings.Servicewaterisalsosuppliedtovariousnonsafety-relatedcomponentsinthereactorandturbinebuildings,aswellasthesecondarysidesoftheheatexchangersforthereactorbuildingandtheturbinebuildingclosed-loopcoolingwatersystems.Theservicewatersystemcoolingwaterispumpedfromtheservicewatersystemintakebaybysixmotor-driven,horizontal,centrifugalpumps,eachratedat630l/s(10,000gpm)at56.4m(185ft)of.head(TDH).Theservicewatersystemdischargesupplies1,5801/s(25,000gpm)ofmakeupwatertothecirculatingwatersytem.Theremainingwaterpassestothedischargebay,whereit,isdischargedtothelakebytheintake/dischargestructures.Theservicewatersystemdischargetothedischargebayismonitoredfortemperature,pH,conductivity,radioactivity,andflow.3.4-2' NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAllcomponentscooledbytheservicewatersystemaredesignedbasedonamaximumservicewatersysteminlettemperatureof25C(77F).Table3.4-1providesthemaximumflowratesandheatgainsforeachofthefollowingplantconditions:1.Normaloperation.2.Normalshutdown.3.Loss-of-coolantaccident(LOCA)withoutlossofoffsitepower(LOP).4.LOCAcoincidentwithaLOP.TheactualservicewatersystemflowandheatgainwillvarybelowthemaximumvaluesgiveninTable3.4-1dependingonplantandambientconditions.3.4.1.3IntakeandDischargeSystems~3.4.1.3.1SystemDescriptionThesourceanddischargepointofallcoolingwaterrequiredbyUnit,2isLakeOntario..Sixservicewaterpumpssupplywaterforthetwocoolingsystems:theservicewatersystemandthecirculatingwatersystem.AdetaileddescriptionoftheintakeanddischargesystemsisprovidedinFSARSection9.2.5.3.4.1.3.2OperationalModesDuringnormalplantoperation,theintakeflowrequiredfortheservicewaterpumpsisconveyedthroughtwointakestructuresthatareconnectedtotheonshorescreenwellviapipeslocatedwithintunnelsbelowthelakebottom.Theplantdischargeisconveyedfromthedischargebaythroughthediffusernozzlestothelakeviathedischargetunnelbelowthelakebottom.ThisisfurtherdiscussedinFSARSection9.2.5.3.4.1.3.3QuantitiesofHeatDis'tributedTheaverageheatrejectedtothelakebytheservicewaterdischargesystemis1.75x10g-cal/sec(2.5x10Btu/hr).Duringnormaloperation,themaximumheatrejectedis3.29x10~g-cal/sec(4.7x108Btu/hr).3.4-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OES3.4.1.3.4QuantitiesofWaterWithdrawn,Consumed,andDischargedDuringnormaloperation,anaveragetotalflowof,3,3801/s(53,600gpm)iswithdrawnfromthelake:2,4401/s(38,675gpm)fortheservicewatersystemrequirementsand9401/s(14,925gpm)forthefishdiversionsystem.Table3.3-1listsmonthlyminimum,average,andmaximumtotalintakeflows.Theclosed-loopcirculatingwatersystemusesdischargefromtheservicewatersystemforitsmakeuprequirements.Dependingonthemeteorologicalconditions,thecombinedplantdischargeflowranges.fromaminimumof1,4501/s(23,055gpm)toamaximumof2,210l/s(35,040gpm)duringnormaloperation.Duringanormalshutdown,themaximumplantdischargeisapproximately3,0801/s(48,800gpm).DischargeflowsfromthewatertreatmentsystemandtheradwastesystemflowsarediscussedinSection3.3.FSARFigure9.2-1showstheservicewaterintakeanddischargesystems'ateruse.Themonthlyminimum,maximum,andaveragecoolingwaterintakeanddischargeflowsarelistedinTable3'-1.3.4.1.3.5WaterTemperaturesTheambientlakewatertemperaturerangesfrom0Cto26C(32Fto78F).Whenintakewatertemperatureislessthan3.3C(38F),temperingflowisprovidedtomaintainaminimummixedintakeflowtemperatureof3.3C(38'F).Thecombinedplantdischargetemperaturerangesfrom0.6Cto15.6C(1.0Fto28.0F)abovetheambientlaketemperature.Thesubmergeddischargediffuserwillcauseconsiderablecoldwaterdilutionoftheheateddischarge.Therefore,themaximumpredictedchangeinthelakesurfacetemperature,resultingfromtheplantdischarge,is1.3C(2.3F).ThisvalueisconsistentwiththeNewYorkStateWaterQualityStandardslimitinglakesurfacetemperaturetoamaximumof1.7C(3F)aboveambient.Themonthlyminimum,maximum,andaverageplantdischargedifferentialtemperaturesabovethelaketemperaturesarelistedinTable3.3-1.Duringnormaloperation,theplantdischargeflowandtemperaturevarywithfluctuationsinthemeteorologicalconditions(Section2.3.2).3.4-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSDuringanormalplantshutdown,thegreatesttemperaturechangeintheplantdischargeoccursduringthef'rst16.5hrafterinitiationof,theshutdown.Duringthefirst12hr,thecombinedplantdischargetemperaturesslowlydrop,withananticipatedmaximumrateofchangeof0.72C/hr(1.3F/hr).Between12and14hr,thedischargetemperatureremainsconstant.At14hr,thedischargetemperaturesgothroughastepchangerangingfrom0Cto5.6C(0Fto10F)upward,dependingonthelaketemperatureandmeteorologicalconditions.At16.5hr,thecirculatingwatersystemisshutdown.Between14and16'hr,thedischargetemperatureremainsconstantat11.7C(21F)abovetheambientlaketemperature.After16.5hr,theplantdischargetemperatureslowlydecreasesfrom11.7Cto2.7C(21Fto5F)abovethelaketemperature.Theshutdownconditionthatcausesthegreatestrateoftemperaturechangeinthedischargeisareactorscram,whenthemainsteamisolationvalvesremainopen.Inthiscase,thetemperaturechangeisthesameasduringthenormalplantshutdownoperationstartingat12hr.Othershutdownsdonotcauseasgreatarateofdischargetemperaturechange,becausethereactoriscooledataslowerratebyreleasingheattothesuppressionpoolandthenbycoolingthesuppressionpoolviatheRHRsystemwithservicewater(Section3.2).3.4.2ComponentDescriptions3.4.2.1IntakeSystemThelakeintakewatersyst:emisdesignedtosupplytheplantcoolingwaterrequirementsthroughtwooffshoreintakestructuresconnectedtotheonshorescreenwell.Thetwoidenticalintakestructuresarelocatedapproximately290and320m(950and1,050ft)fromtheexistingshoreline(Figure3.4-2).Thestructuresarelocatedatlakebottomcontour,el68.43m(224.5ft)(USLS1935Datum).Aminimumwaterdepthof3m(10ft)overthetopofeachstructureisprovidedduringthenavigationalseason,whenthemeanlowwaterelevationis74.4m(244.0ft)(USIS1935Datum),asrecommendedbytheU.S.CorpsofEngineersandtheU.S.CoastGuard.DetailsofthetwointakestructuresareshownonFigure3.4-3.Thestructuresarehexagonalinshapewitha6.9-m(22.5-ft)widthbetweenoppositefaces.Thedesignofthestructuresincludesabottomsillheightofl.4m3.4-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIS(4.5ft)tolimittheamountofsedimententeringthestructure,sixintakeopenings2.3m(7.5ft)wideby0.9m(3.0fthigh),anda0.6-m(2-ft)thickroof.Thetotalareaofthe12openings,6oneachstructure,isdesignedtolimitthemaximumapproachvelocityto0.2m/s(0.5fps)whiledrawingwaterthroughbothstructures.The12openingsareequippedwithelectricallyheatedverticalbarracks,whichhavea25-cm(10-in)clearspacebetweenbarstopreventlargedebrisfromenteringtheintakesystemandtoeliminatethepotentialforfraziliceadhesion.Thetwointakestructuresaredesignedminimizethepossibilityoffishentering(Section5.3.1~2).andlocatedtothestructuresEachstructureisindependentlyconnectedtotheonshorescreenwellbya1~4-m(4.5-ft)diameter,concrete-encased,partiallysteel-linedintakepipe.EachencasedintakepipeislocatedwithinaGunite-.linedtunnel,asshownonFigures3.4-4and3.4-5.Inadditiontotheencasedintakepipe,TunnelNo.1(thewesttunnel)contains"electricalconduitsandhasadischargeareaofapproximately9.5sqm(102sqft).TunnelNo.2(theeasttunnel)contains,inadditiontotheintakepipe,a107-cm(42-in)diameterfiberglassfishreturnpipeandelectricalconduitsforheatingelementsinthebarracks.Bothtunnelsandtheencasedpipesslopedownwardtowardtheshorelineataminimumof001m/m(0.01ft/ft).1Attheonshorescreenwell,eachintakepipeconnectstoaseparateverticalshaft.Watervelocitydecreasesfromapproximately0.9m/s(3fps)intheintakepipetoapproximately0.3m/s(1.0fps)intheshafts.Thebaseofeachshaftextendsbelowthepointwherethe1.4-m(4.5-ft)diameterintakepipeintersectstheshaft.Theseextensionsactassedimenttraps.Accesstothesetrapsisprovidedthroughtheoperatingdeckaboveeachshaftforcleaning,asnecessary.Afterrisingthroughthetwoshafts,theflowenterstheonshorescreenwell,whichhasafloorelev'ationof68.3m(224.0ft).ThescreenwellarrangementisshownonFigure3.4-6.'Twomotor-operatedrectangularrotarygates,arrangedinseriesandnormallyopen,arelocatedbetweenthenorthshaftandtheintakebay.Whenthesegatesareclosed,noflowenterstheintakebaythroughthenorthshaft.ThefunctionofthesegatesisdescribedinFSARSection9.2.5.3.4-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-0?,SDownstreamoftherotarygates,flowfrombothverticalshaftsmergesintoacommonbayandthendividesintotwo1.2-m(4-ft)widescreenbays.Atrashrackandanangled,flush-mountedtravelingwaterscreenarelocatedineachscreenbay.Thetwotravelingwaterscreensareangled25degtotheupstreamdirectionofflowwiththeirdownstreamendsconverging.Thetrashrackiscleanedbyarake,anddebriscollectedbytherackisdepositedintothetrashrakehopperanddisposedofinaNewYorkState-approvedlandfill.Afterpassingthroughthetravelingwaterscreens,thetwoscreenbaysmergeintoacommonintakebayfromwhichtheservicewaterpumpstakesuction.Twomotor-operatedrotaryvalves,arrangedinparallelandnormallyclosed,arelocatedupstreamofthetwoscreenbaystoprovidearedundantflowpathtotheservicewaterpumps.~Afishbypassandreturn.systemisprovidedatthedownstreamendofthescreens.Fishenteringthescreenbayspassthroughthetrashracksandareguidedbytwoangled,flush-mountedtravelingwaterscreensinto15-cm(6-in)widebypassslotsatthedownstreamendofthescreens.Thetwoslotsconvergeandattheirjunctionthefisharetransportedthroughafunnel-shapedtransitionoftwo46-cm(18-in)pipeswhichcombineintoasingle61-cm(24-in)pipeleadingtothejetpump.ThejetpumpdischargesabypassflowandthefishintothefishdischargepipelocatedinTunnelNo.2,whichisnotutilizedforplantdischarge.Afishholdingtankisalsoprovidedatthejetpumpdischargeforperiodicsampling.Thefisharetransportedthroughthereturnpipetoaverticalriseranddischargedintothelakeinaneasterlydirection,paralleltothelakebottom.3.4.2.2DischargeSystemThedischargeflowconsistsofservicewaterbypass(servicewaterdischargenotutilizedascirculatingwatersystemmakeup),circulatingwatersystemblowdown,watertreatmentsystemdischarge,andliquidradwaste;allofwhichdischargesintothedischargebay.Thedischargesystemconsistsofanonshoredischargebay,adischargeportionofTunnelNo.1,adischargetunnel,andatwo-portdiffuser,asshownonFigure3.4-4.Thedischargebayislocatedonthewestsideofthetwointakeshaftsandisseparatedfromtheshaftsbyawallthatextendsupto3.4-7 Nine=MilePointUnit2ER-OLSel85m(279ft)andwhichactsasaweir,asshownonFigure3.4-6.Stoplogslotsareprovided.fromthetopofeachweir,el85m(279ft),totheoperatingdeck,el87m(285ft),withastoploggatenormallyinplacebetweenthesouthshaftandthedischargebay.Thisprovidesanalternatedischargepath,asdiscussedinFSARSection9.2'.Thedischargeflowentersa1.4-m(4.5-ft)diametersteeldischargepipethatislocatedonthenorthwallofthedischargebayandwhichconnectsthedischargebaytothedischargeportionofTunnelNo.1.TunnelNo.2doesnothavedischargecapability.AftertravelingthroughthedischargeportionofTunnelNo.1,thedischargeflowcontinuespastthepointwherethe1.4-m(4.5-ft)diameterintakepiperisestoitsintakestructure,andentersintothesmallerGunite-lineddischargetunnel,asshownonFigure3.4-4.Boththedischargeportionoftheintaketunnelandthedischargetunnelhavesufficientareafortheplantdischargeflow.ThedischargeportionofTunnelNo.1terminatesatapointapproximately457m(1,500ft)fromtheshoreline,wherethedischargflowentersa1.4-m(4.5-ft)diametersteelriserleadingtoatwo-portdiffuserlocatedonthelakebottom.The1.4-m(4.5-ft)'iameterriserdividesintotwo0.9-m(3.0-ft)diametersteelpipeswith0.46-m(1.5-ft)diameternozzlesattheendofeach,asshownonFigure3.4-7.Thenozzlesareorientedtofaceoffshore120degapartandinclinedupwardata5-deganglefromhorizontaltominimizebottomscouring.Theinvertofthenozzleopeningsis0.9m(3.0ft)offthelakebottom,providing11.35m(37.25ft)ofwaterabovethenozzlecenterlinesat.minimumcontrolledlakeel74.4m(244.0ft)(USLS1935Datum).Thelocationandorientationofthenoz'zlesweredesignedandlocatedtocomplywithNewYorkCodes,Rules,andRegulations(6NYCRR704),1976.Thisregulationstipulatesthatthelakesurfacetemperaturewillnotbeincreasedbymorethan1.7C(3F)aftertheadditionofheatfromanartificalorigin.Tomeetthe1.7C(3F)requirementof6NYCRR704,themathematicalmodeldevelopedbyKohandFanforarowofequallyspacedroundjetsdischargingatanarbitraryangleofinclinationtothehorizontalintostagnantwaterwasused'~'.Fromthismodel,standardnomogramspublishedbytheEPAweregenerated'"'.DepthcorrectionsbyRobideauwereappliedtotheEPAnomographstoobtainmoreconservative'esults'.NewYorkStateRegulation6NYCRR652(1976)governsdischargestohypolimneticwaters3.4-8 NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLSofalake.Throughanextensivelaketemperaturemonitoringprogramconductedin1973intheOswego-NineMilevicinity,itwasdeterminedthataseasonallystablestratifiedlayerorthermoclinedoesnotexistatNineMilePoint.Therefore,thedischargedoesnotenterthehypolimnion.InputdatafortheprecedingmathematicalmodelsarelistedinTable3.3-1.Analysisofworst-caseconditionsresultedinthepredictedtemperaturedistributionpresentedonFigure5.3-6.Themodelpredictsthemaximumsurfacetemperaturerisetobe1.3C(2'F).3.4.2.3CoolingTowerThecoolingtowerisasingle-cell,wet-evaporative,natural-draft;coolingtowerutilizing-acounterflow-typedesign.ThelocationofthetowerisshownonFigure3.1-1.Thecoolingtowerdesignpointisatanatmosphericconditionof23C(74F)wet-bulbtemperatureand50percentrelativehumidity.Duringthesemeteorologicalconditions,thetowerisdeignedtooperateatan8.9C(16F)approach,witha15C(27F)range.Dependingonthemeteorologicalconditions,thecoolingtowerisdesignedtosupplywaterrangingfrom6.7Cto34C(44Fto93F)tothemaincondenser.SelectionofthedesignconditionsforthecoolingtowerwasbaseduponmeteorologicaldatafromRochester,NY,fortheperiodJanuary1,1949,throughDecember31,1958.Onsitemeteorologicaldataobtainedduring1974and1978showtheRochesterdatatobesimilartositedata.Rochester,locatedapproximately113km(70mi)westoftheNineMilePointsiteontheshoreofLakeOntario,isthenearestmeteorologicalstationwithasufficientlylongperiodofdataandaclimateapproximatelythatofthesiteuponwhichthecoolingtowerdesigncouldbebased.Thefrequencydistributionofhourlyjointdry-bulbtemperature-wet-bulbtemperatureoccurrencesisplottedonFigure3.4-8,withtherelativehumiditycurvessuperimposed.Thecoolingtowerperformancecurveforthedesignconditionisalsoplottedonthisfigure.Thiscurvedefinesthefrequencywithwhichthedesignpointisequaledorexceeded.FromFigure3.4-8,thedesignpointisequaledorexceededapproximately33hrperyear,orapproximately3percentofthesummertimehourswhenthewet-bulbtemperaturesareover18C(65F).ThecoolingtowerperformancecurvesareshownonFSAR'Figures2C-2and2C-3.Atthedesignpointof23C(74F)3.4-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-,OLSwet-bulbtemperatureand50percentrelativehumidity,thecoldwatertemperatureis31.9C(89.5F)andtheevaporationrateis8201/s(12,950gpm),or2.2percentofthecirculatingwaterflow.Theconcretecoolingtoweris165m(541ft)in.height,withabottomdiameterof123m(405ft)andatopdiameterof83m(273ft)(Figure3.4-9).Thetopofthecoldwaterbasinwallisatel80.01m(262.5ft),providing0.6m(2ft)offreeboardabovethenormalwaterelevation-inthebasin.Thebottomofthetowerfillisatel90.2m(295.8ft),thecenterlineoftheupperdistributionpipingisatel93.2m(305.75ft),andthedrifteliminatorisapproximatelyatel93.4m(306~3ft).Slidegatesareprovidedintheupperdistributionflumestoisolatethecentersectionofthetowerfillandforceallwatertotheperimeterofthetowerduringwinteroperation.Anicepreventionringisprovidedatthetopoftheairinletopeningaroundthetowerperimeter.Theicepreventionringprovidesaveilofwatertorestricttheairinletopeningandpreventiceformationduringextremelycoldweatherconditions.Bypassgatesareprovidedonthreeofthesixinletrisersatthecoldwaterbasinlevelforwinterstartupandshutdownoperations.Thebypassgateseachhaveacapacityofapproximately14,1301/s(224,000gpm).Sixteenwindbaffles,spaced22.5degapart,arelocatedaroundtheperimeterofthetowerairinletopening.Thesebafflesminimizethelocalblow-throughfromthetowerduringhigh-windconditions.Aircraft.warninglightsareprovidedonthetowerinaccordancewithFAArequirements.Anaccessrampisprovidedintothecoldwaterbasinforperiodicremovalofsedimentation.AllsedimentationremovedfromthetowerbasinisdisposedofinaNewYorkState-approvedlandfill.3.4.2.4MainCondenserThemaincondenserprovidesaheatsinkfortheturbineexhauststeam,turbinebypasssteam,andotherflows.Italsoprovidesdeaerationandholdupcapacityforthecondensatewhichisreusedafteraperiodofradioactivedecay.3.4-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OBSThemaincondenserisdesignedforaheatloadof5.513x10~g-cal/sec(7.875x10~Btu/hr)atacirculatingwaterinlettemperatureof32.C(90F)andanoutlettemperatureof47C(117F).Themaincondenserisathree-shell,horizontaltube,coolingtower-cooledunit.Thedesigncirculatingwaterflowthroughthecondenseris36,5861/s(580,000gpm).Thetubematerialisadmiraltyinthemainbankand70-30copper-nickelintheperiphery.Eachcondenserhasdividedwaterboxesthatpermitisolationofone-halfoftheshellwhiletheotherhalfremainsinoperation.Thehotwellstoragecapacityisapproximately567,750l(150,000gal).Thecondenserislocatedbeneaththelow-pressuresectionsofthemainturbine.Thecondensertubesaretransverseto.theturbinegeneratoraxis.EcIualizingconnectionsbetweenadjacentcondensershellsareprovidedforboththesteamspaceandhotwell.Duringnormaloperation,steamfromthelow-pressureturbinesexhaustsdirectlydownwardintothecondensershellsthroughexhaustopeningsinthebottomoftheturbinecasings.Thecondenserservesasaheatsinkforseveralotherflows,suchascascadingheaterdrains,airejectorintercondenserdrain,steampackingexhausterdrain,feedwaterheatershelloperatingvents,andcondensatepumpsuctionvents'herearealsootherintermittentflowsintothemaincondenser,suchascondensateboosterandreactorfeedpumpminimumrecirculationflow,feedwaterlineprestartupcleaningandrecirculation,extractionsteamlinedrains,andcondensatemakeup.3.4-11 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.4.3References1.StudiestoAlleviatePotentialFishEntrapmentProblems,FinalReport,NineMilePointUnit2,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.PreparedbyStone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation,May1977.2.ReportonCirculatingWaterCoolingSystemEmployingaNaturalDraftCoolingTower,NineMilePointUnit2,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.DocketNo.50-410,July1976.3.Koh,R.C.Y.and'Fan,Loh-Nien.MathematicalModelsforthePredictionofTemperatureDistributionsResultingfromtheDischargeofHeatedWaterintoLargeBodiesofWater.EPA-16130DWO10/70,WaterPollutionControlResearchService,October1970.4.Shirazi,M.A.andDavis,L.A.WorkbookofThermalPlumePrediction.I.SubmergedDischarge.EPA-R2-72-005a,U.S.EPA,NationalEnvironmentalResearchCenter,August1972.5.Robideau,R.F.TheDischargeofSubmergedBuoyantJetsintoWaterofFiniteDepth.U440-72-121,GeneralDynamics,ElectricBoatDivision,Groton,CT,1972.3.4-12 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.4-1SERVICEWATERSYSTEMFLOWREQUIREMENTSANDHEATGAINSModeofNormalNormalshutdownLOCAwithoutlossofoffsitepowerLOCAwithlossofoffsitepowerMaximumFlow1sm2,33637,0383,15049,9383,38753,6871,34821,373MaximumHeatGainxlO~Btur232.4613.8379.7180.9

CIRCULATINGWATKRPUMP(TYP)FROMCHEMICALFEED(HYPOCHLORITETYP)CONDENSER(TYP)FROMCHEMICALFEED(ACIDTYPE)(3.000GPMEVAPORATIONCOOUNGTOWEREXPANSIONMJOINT(TYP)TOCHKMICALFEED(HYPOCHLORITE)TOCHEMICALFEEDACIDTYPSLOWDOWNFLOWCON'THOLVALVETOCHEMICALFEED(HYPOCHLORITE)SCREKNHOUSESTATIONARYSCREENS"TEMPERINGBLOWDOWNNOTKALLFLOWRATESAREAPPROXIMATETOSERVICEWATER(DISCHARGE)SYSTEM12.000GPMFROMSKRVICEWATERSTSTEMCONSTANT23.000CPM~~TEMPERINGWILLBF.PROVIDEDDURINGWINTERWHENINTAKEWATERTEMPERATUREISBELOW33FFIGURE3.4-1CIRCULATINGWATERSYSTEMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

DIFFUSERFICOORDINATESNl285070N43'3I'36E545880W76'2437'NTAKEFLCOORD7IATNI284740N43i3I33E545965W76'24'~EXSTINGLANDGRANT(4-9-65)DITAKEFLCOCRDINATESN-l284870N4'l'34'-546435W7'4'3LPN@85000INTAKEqCOORDINATESNl284493E5455330PTeDIO.NQIREF.SaWDWG.NOS6577HSK05QCOLa052REF.MLS':DWGNQC-I5448CFENCEE-548300OUTLETCCOORDINATESNl283941E-'5455I4EXSTOREUNTNI283m49E-546089.24~~~LLL0i0iLLLEXSTINGSTONERCEDDIKEUttTILLa>(LLliUSLAKESLTIYEYMON'ARMY'546I2I.ISY<l28368585LLIlLREF.NMPCDWG.'ll)INQC-22772-CI(LLUNGERCONSTRNIUMT2<REFsawOWGI2ITTEA-4m>FIGURE3.4-2Nl283I73ESM5760REACIDRILNl285l86.99E546658.30UNIT2LAKEUSEPLANNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

28'-6"MANHOLEEL229'-IINTAKE+IEL229'-3'INTAK~ELECPULLBOX(TYP)7'-9'L2'6'YP,IIO"(TYPI4II(TYP)EL232L6'EL223'-6'uoOCPP~oO7-97I7>>7'DPOFWALLEL229'-3"INTAKE2TOPOFWALLEL229'-I'NTAKEI(WALLTOBEPOUREDAFTERINTAKEPIPEISGROUTEDIN)4'-6A8glDsC4ANCHORPLaNUT4'6'D.PIPE5OlO2H'fELECCONDUITSINTAKESHAFTA-A2.4iELECCONDUITSTYPRACKASSEMBLYSEEB-8604TYPICALFIGURE3.4-3DETAILSOFINTAKESTRUCTURESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

S.W.DISCHARGEBAYINTAKESTRUCTUREN1284720E545954(TRUENORTH)DISCHARGEDIFFUSERNOZZLEN1285183E5458303VE"SHOTCRETE-CONCRETEENCASEMENTTUNNEL2INTAKESHAFTN1283422E546301EL224'-0"TUNNELIINTAKESHAFTN1283435E546297DISCHARGEPIPEN14057'7"WQMCIINTAKESTRUCTUREEL224'"DISCHARGEOIFFUSERNOZZLEEL204'-0"+CP'6"-1VE"iEPYP)14'-0"DESIGN7INVERTELEVCONC.SLAB6MATETUNNELDRAINHOLEIt+1'-0")EXCAVATIONINTAKEPIPEDISCHARGETUNNELON1325'-480'89'-02-2FIGURE3.4-4NO.1INTAKETUNNEL&DIFFUSERNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

FISHPIPEEXCAVATION@TUNNELBIBOTTOMOFINTAKESHAFTDISCHARGEBAYTUNNELNO.IINTAKESHAFTN-l283435E-5462973'li"SHOTCRETE3'-6"QFISHPIPE'lCONCRETEENCASEMENTINTAKETUNNELNO.2INTAKESHAFTN-I283422E"54630IOOEOIICt'A(TRUENORTH)FISHDIFFUSERINTAKESTRUCTUREN-l284820E-546330N-4o37'38"Wb+~OI6"-IVi"~(TYP)14'-0"ESIGNINVERTELEVCONC.SLA88MATINTAKESHAFTSQAFISHPIPEQ233.0'-IIIIIIIII-gI--IIIIIEL224.0'ISHDIFFUSERBOTTOMELgINTAKESTRUCTURErtamo.BOTTOMEL224.5IIIIIIIIIIIIILJLJ~INTAKEPIPEI450'+FIGURE3.4-5NO.2INTAKETUNNELNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

5'/s29'.0"29'.0"29'.0"7Ps0ACCESSHATCHES0<<esDISCHARGEPIPE.'OO0pasEL235'"~D.cs.'C)q~~Dgba~Ps'0OpaOO~oa<<0s3>.qs:~o'<<b,CDa0O0,0.00<<(,0ooD0DO0;-00~ag~~~0000I.'Oa,D0IDISCHARGEBAY8'"0INTAKES10'-6"8'-6"oC,'OQo.0'op'VALVEPITAREA(ASREOUIREO)0O000'00OassOoOo.pood0~Opo4'-0"BUTTERFLYGATES0pasosO44o~0<<sb.0DOBYPASSBUTTERFLYVALVESo,00SIAMESEDKNIFE-GATEVALVE~ODgIPO0.Co<<so/~iDPVERTICALTRASHRACK1p,.g-asTRASHRACKITYP)EL228'-4-JETPUMP.Oaa0Po~~025~0Dsts,0TRAVELINGWATER~SCREENITYP)004.64'-6"Oro45JETMOTIVEPUMPo4.6-oO:rsSERVICEWATERPUMPBAYEL224'-0"~apOs,<<o:Da,'0:~.~.~O10'.0"x11'-0"INTAKESHAFTS4'-6"DISCHARGEPIPEEL224'-0"WALLKEYEDINVERTICALDIRECTIONWIWATERSTOPS~s~~INVERTELEVATIONISDEPENDENTONTUNNELCONFIGURATION0,C70Ct0~.400y~~a0a0000ssO0as0<<3000'.~aaa~0~00~~OO:004Do.4iQaOO,04s.'o'<<7a0OoDs,o'.0~"~OO<<da'~00\0',4SECTION1-1EL285'-0"gro8.~SS<<'s.Qp0EL243'-0"FISHHOLDINGTANKEL233'-0"oosG0Ooo0o/I'op08'-0"QfINTAKESHAFTSEL235'-0"EL261'.0"EL228'-4"0os0aOa'XS<<SPa4'-6"E)DISCHARGEPIPEd0'0s0<<5ACCESSHATCHEL285'-0"EL279'-0"~~O~0El261'-0"INTAKESHAFT'o~~o~p~oQ~.0EL224'-0"s(a444'-0"x16'-0"RECTOFVALVESNOTE:CURBALLAROUNDTHEDECKATEL280'-0"PLAN8ELOWEL.261'-0"SECTION2-2IFIGURE3.4-6SCREENWELLLAYOUTNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NI285I85.42E545MO.I6I.5'g.W,S.EL.244.0'(MEANLOWWATER)QEL.207.75'L.204.0'45422.5'LEVATIONFIGURE3.4-7DISCHARGEDIFFUSERNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

WETBULBTEMPERATURES(F)656667686970717275747576777879U0V)hlKDI-0hlQLUI-QllQIKlh6465~6.96613.8~4.467~I6.210.6~2.5~9NATURALDRAFTCOOLINGTOWERPERFORMANCECURVE100%RH90%RH969730%RH20%RH6816.3.412.03.969~12.9133~10.414.1~2.27013.1~11.59.0~13.68.4~1.27111.58.29210.8~975.8~0.77210289108~11.185~7550087352~8.18587~8.1544516~05748.27.57.66.98.6~5.74.4~2.5I.O75~786.88.0~7.78.96.7~3.32.9~0.90.5767.36.46.07.67.65.94.2~2.91.3~0.776.15.1~5.15.96.0~7.23.22.21.9,0.6~78~6.66.35.1~6.94.95.4~363.52.5~0.80.8~0.I795.9495.35.4~5.75.53.0~3.72.50.90.50.1~0.I805.154~6.96.55.0~664.825~3.7I.I0.7~0.100443.85.34.03.84.43.93.72.02.10.50.1w0.182~5.63.04.84.7395.34.84.02.92.1~0.70.20.1343240522.5464046351.9060002842.726~34322.8403450~251.805020085222.22.747224.0~2.33.124~1.81.506~0280%RH861.42.12.5292.33033~3.83.02.8~1.00700~0.17~0.5I.I1.71.9~2.42.12.71.63.02.2~1.20.80.2008804I.I1.52.31.8~2.52.12.62.2I.B~1.208~0.4O.l70'H0506051.6081.7~I.I241.41.8I.I060400O.I900.40.30.91.21.3~I.B322.11.5091.3030.1O.I9I0.50.1~0.20.81.3037~1.72541.20.9~I.O0400~0092010202~0510II22~I2'II06'9~08010163/RR950.30.0.30.50.9I.I~0.40.9020.3~O.IO.I94O.l0.30.10.4~04I.O041.00.40.4~0.40.2O.I0.2~0.2040.50.3~0.31.0O.I0.3~00O.I0.2~0.40.30.20.5~0.10.3O.I0I~50%RH.O.IO.IO.I0.20.30,I~0400500.2980.'iO.i0.099O.I~40%RHTOTALS174.8141.51334141.3108.998.969.462.745.828015.79.44.41.40.9~TOTALHOURSOCCURRENCEPERCENT1.991.611.521.611.241.130.790720520320.18O.II005002001~%ANNUALOCCURRENCEBASEDONANNUALAVERAGEOF8764.7HOURSOFCOMPLETEDATA.INCOMPLETEORMISSINGHOURSOFRECORDFORTOTALTENYEARPERIODOFRECORDISI9HOURS.FIGURE3.4-8DESIGNTEMPERATURESELECTIONFORCOOLINGTOWERSNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

2?5'"2"OIIA4COOLINGTOWERTOPOFAIRINLETGRADETOPCURBEL.26?.O'nFIGURE3.4-9COOLINGTOWERNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-.OLS3.5RADIOACTIVEWASTEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS3.5.1RadioactiveLiquidWasteSystemTheradioactiveliquidwastesystem(LWS)collects,monitors,andprocessesforreuseordisposalallliquidsreceivedfromthereactorcoolantsystemorliquidsthatcanbecomecontaminatedfromcontact.withthereactorcoolantsystem.TheLWSiscapableofprocessingtheanticipatedquantitiesandactivitiesofliquidwasteresultingfromnormal,operationandmaintenance,aslistedinTable3.5-1.TheLWSiscapableofprocessingthemaximumdailyinput,fromallsources,exceptforregenerantchemicalwastes,within24hr.Tanksareprovidedforstorageoftheregenerantchemicalwastesnotprocessedwithin24hr.Themajorityoftheprocessedeffluentisreused.Thewasteeffluentdischargedfromthestationiswithinthelimitsof10CFR20andmeetstheguidelinesofAppendixIto10CFR50.Thesystemisdividedintothreemajorsubsystemsandoneminorsubsystem.Thewastecollector,floordrain,andregenerantchemicalsubsystemsarethethreemajorsubsystems,andthephaseseparatoristheminorsubsystem.ApipingandinstrumentationflowdiagramfortheLWSisshownonFSARFigure11.2-1.3.5.1.1WasteCollectorSubsystemW'astesenteringthewastecollectorsubsystemhavevariableactivitylevels,dependingontheirsourceandconductivity(lessthan50umho/cm).Therearethreewastecollectortanksplusonewastecollectorsurgetankreceivingli;quidwastesfromdesignatedsystems.Radioactivematerialsareremovedfromthesewastesbyfiltration(insolublesremoval)andionexchange(solubleandcolloidalremoval).Thefilterbackwashisdecantedandthesludgetransferredtothesolidradwastesystem.Mixed-resindeep-beddemineralizerspurifythefiltereffluent.Spentresinistransferredtothecondensatedemineralizerregenerationsystemforcleanup.Followingbatchsamplingandanalysis,theprocessedliquidsareeitherreturnedtothecondensatestoragetankorrecycledtothewastecollectortankforreprocessing.Inflowtothewastecollectorsubsystemincludesdrainsfrompipingandequipmentcontaininghigh-qualitywaterthatcannotbereturneddirectlytothecondenserhotwelland3.5-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSwastesfromthereactorcoolantsystem,condensatesystem,feedwatersystem,off-gassystemdrains,andassociatedauxiliarysystems.Italsoincludeslow-conductivitywastesfromthecondensatedemineralizerregenerationsystem(resintransferandbackwashwater),andultrasonicresincleaningwaste.Off-standardprocesseffluents,suchaswaterofrelativelyhigh-radioactiveconcentration,arerecycledtothewastecollectortankorotherappropriatesubsystemsforreprocessing.Sampleanalysiswillindicatethemostappropriatemethod.3.5.1.2FloorDrainSubsystemPotentially,high-conductivitywastesinthefloordrainsubsystemarecollectedinthefloordraincollectortanks.Floordrainwasteiseitherfilteredanddemineralizedorevaporatedanddemineralized.Thewastescomefromradwastebuildingfloorsumps,reactorbuildingfloordrainsumps,drywellfloordrains,turbinebuildingfloordrainsumps,laboratorydrains,anddecontaminationareadrains.Normally,floordrainswillbeasourceofrecoverablewater,ifnotcontaminatedwithchemicalsoroilpriortocollection.Chemicalwastesarenormallyprocessedinthewasteevaporatororpackagedatthepoint,ofuse.Thewasteevaporatorisaforced-circulatingdesign,withaverticalexternalreboilerandanoverheadrectifyingtower.Theconcentratedbottomsarepartiallycooledandstoredpriortotransfertothewastesolidificationsystemfordisposal.Evaporatoroverheadisroutedtothewastecollectortanksfordemineralizationpriortoreuseascondensate,ortothefloordraincollectortanksforreuseascondensate,ortothedischargesampletanksfordischarge.Thefloordrainfilterisaflatbed,precoattype,capableofdischargingfiltercakeslurrytothesolidradwastesludgetankforwastesolidification.3.5.1.3RegenerantChemicalWasteSubsystemChemicalsresultingfromregenerationofcondensatedemineralizersarecollected,neutralized,andsampledintheregenerantwastetank.Theneutralizedchemicalsolution(approximately1percentsolids)isthenprocessedthroughtheregenerantevaporator.Periodically,theevaporatorbottomsarepartiallycooledanddirectedtotheevaporatorbottomstankforstorageprior.totransfertothe3.5-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSwastesolidificationsystemfordisposal.Evaporatoroverheadisroutedtothewastecollectortanksfordemineralizationpriortoreuseascondensate,ortothefloordraincollectortanksforreuseascondensate,ortothedischargesampletanksfordischarge.3.5.1.4PhaseSeparatorSubsystemContinuousprocessingofaportionofreactorwaterthroughthefourfilterdemineralizerunitsofthereactorwatercleanupsystemlocatedinthereactorbuildingproducesaradioactiveeffluentfromthebackwashingandprecoatingcycles.Thiseffluentisdirectedtooneoftwophaseseparatorsinthereactorbuilding,wheretheliquidisheldforfissionproductdecay.Theliquidinthephaseseparatortanksisdecantedandsenttothewastecollectortankforprocessing.Theremainingliquidandsludgearepumpedtothespentresintankintheradwastebuildingtobefurtherdecantedforfeedtothesolidwastesystem.Asimilarphaseseparatortankreceivesbackwashfromthespentfuelpoolfilter/demineralizer.Theliquidisdecantedandthesludgeisheldfordecaybeforetransfertothespentresintankforfinalprocessing.Thedecantfromthespentresintankissenttothefloordraincollectortanks.3.5.1.5Syst:emOperationAnalysisTable3.5-2liststheexpectedannualactivityreleasesfromtheLWS.ThemethodusedtocalculatetheexpectedreleasesconformstoNUREG-0016,Revisionl.ThefollowingbaseswereusedtodevelopthequantitiesestimatedinTable3.5-2:InputsourcestotheLWS,averagedailyflowrate,primarycoolantconcentrationfraction,anddischargefractionarelistedinTable3.5-1.2.Decaytimeforallstreamsisbasedontheminimumfilltimefortherespectivetanks.Thereisnoholdupduetoanyprocessingequipment.LWStankcapacitiesandfilltimesarelistedinTable3'-3.h3.ProcessequipmentcapacitiesarelistedinTable3.5-4.ProcessequipmentdecontaminationfactorsarelistedinTable3.5-5.3.5-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS4.Supplementaldatafor.calculatingtheannualexpectedactivityreleasedarelistedinTable3.5-6.3.5.1.6ReleaseofProcessedWasteLiquidwastefromoneoftwowastedischargesampletanksisdischargedonabatchbasistothecoolingwaterdischargetunnelanddirectedtoLakeOntario.Table3.5-7identifiestheprinciplerelease.pointsforradioactivematerialstotheenvironmentandtheassociatedmonitoringprocesses.Priortorelease,eachbatchisanalyzedforgammaactivity,andtheactivitydischargetothelakeisrecorded.Thedilutionfactorusedinevaluatingthereleaseofradioactiveeffluentsisthatprovidedbytheservicewaterflowof116,2501/min(30,000gpm).Thecalculatedannualaveragedischargeofliquidradwasteislessthan8l/min(2gpm).Isotopicanalysesorcompositesofretainedsamplesaremadeanddocumented.Detailedadministrativerecords.ofallradioactiveliquidreleasesaremaintained.Table3.5-2presentsthemaximumexpectedannualaveragedischargeconcentrationsofradionuclidesafterdilutionbyservicewater.Approximately0.18Ci/operatingdayoftritiumwillbereleased.Anaverageofabout6,3161/day(1,630gpd)ofliquidwasteisanticipatedtobereleasedafterbeingprocessedbytheLWS.3.5.2RadioactiveGaseousWasteSystemTheradioactivegaseouswastesystemisdesignedsothatthereleaseofactivityfromtheplantandtheresultantdosesanddoseequivalentstopersonsinunrestrictedareasarebelowtheallowablelimitsestablishedby10CFR20,10CFRSO,40CFR190,40CFR141,andtheEPA.Tables3.5-8and3.5-9listthequantitiesofradioactivegaseouseffluentsreleasedtotheenvironmentfromthereactorbuilding,turbinebuilding,radwastebuilding,mechanicalvacuumpump,andoff-gassystem.Table3.5-7identifiestheprincipalreleasepointsforradioactivematerialstotheenvironmentandtheassociatedmonitoringprocesses.Table3.5-10listsradioactivegaseouseffluentsfromthetworeleasepointsduringnormalplantoperation.3.5-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.5.2.1SourcesandReleasesofRadioactiveGasesSourcesofpotentiallyradioactivegasesthatareprocessedbytheradioactivegaseouswastesystemare:1.Processoffgas.2.Mechanicalvacuumpumpexhaust.3.Containmentpurgeexhaust.4.Reactorbuildingventilation.5.Turbinebuildingventilation.6.Radwastebuildingventilation.Gaseouseffluentsfromtheprecedingsourcesarereleasedtotheenvironmentthroughthemainstackortheradwaste/reactorbuildingvent.Theonlineisotopicmonitorsinboththemainstackandtheradwaste/reactorbuildingventmeasuretheactivitylevelatthepointofreleasetotheenvironment.Theactivityconcentrationsofprocessoffgas,primarycontainmentpurgeexhaust,reactorbuildingventilation,andradwastebuildingventilationareanalyzedbyradiationmonitorsintheindividualsystems.Anyeffluentstreamshavingactivityconcentrationshigherthanthatallowedforthesystemareeitherfilteredtoallowablelevelsorisolated.3.5.2.1.1ProcessOffGasNoncondensableradioactiveprocessoffgasiscontinuouslyremovedfromthemaincondensersbysteamjetairejectors.Theoff-gassystemisdescribedinSection3.5.2.2.Table3.5-11providesoff-gassystemprocessdata.Condenseroffgasisgreaterthanallothersourcescombinedandnormallycontainsbothactivationgasesfromthereactorcoolantsystemandfissiongasesthatmayleakthroughthefuelcladding.Activationgasesresult,fromirradiationofreactorcoolantpassingthroughthereactorvessel.CompositionofactivationgasesisprincipallyN-16,0-19,andN-13.BothN-16and0-19havehalf-livesoflessthan1min,whileN-13hasahalf-lifeofapproximately10min.Processoffgasalsocontainsradioactivenoblegasparents(KrandXe)ofSr-89,Sr-90,Ba-140,andCs-137.Concentrationofthesenoblegasesdependsontheamountoftrampuraniumonthecladdingsurfaces,andonthenumberandsizeoffuelcladdingperforations.Table3.5-8gives3.5-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSestimatedactivityflowratesat30-mindecayandassociatedactivityreleaseratesatthepointofdischarge.3.5.2.1.2MechanicalVacuumPumpAirRemovalDuringunitstartup,airisremovedfromthemaincondenserbytwo50-percentcapacitymechanicalvacuumpumps.Exhaustfromthesepumpsismonitoredbeforereleasetotheatmosphereviathemainstack.Thesepumpsareinserviceonlyduringunitstartupwhenlittleornoradioactivegasispresent.3.5.2.1.3PrimaryContainmentPurgeExhaustExposureofdrywellairtoneutronleakagearoundthereactorvesselresultsinsomeactivationproducts'ctivitymayalsobeintroducedintothedrywellatmospherebyventingtheprimarysystemsafetyreliefvalvesintothesuppressionchamberandfromdrywellequipmentandfloordraintanks.Thedrywellformsaclosedsystemthatmaybepurgedwithnormalreactorbuildingair,ifnecessary,whenaccessisrequired.Thedrywellcanalsobeventedduringstartuptoaccommodateexpansionofairasthetemperature'ncreases.Thisairwillbedischargedtothemainstackbywayofthestandbygastreatmentsystem(SGTS).Radiationlevelsinthepurgeexhaustairfromthedrywellaremonitoredbyaprocessradiationmonitor.,3.5.2.1.4ReactorBuildingVentilationThesecondarycontainmentofthereactorbuildingiscontinuouslypurgedwithoutsideairtomaintainradiationlevelsacceptableforrequiredpersonnelaccess.Thereactorbuildingventilation,bothaboveandbelowtherefuelingfloor,isequippedwithtwoonlinearea-typemonitorstoprovideautomaticventilationisolation.Duringaccident=conditions,theventilationfromaboveandbelowtherefuelingfloormaybedivertedtotheSGTS,whichisequippedwithprefilters,abankofhigh-efficiencyparticulateair(HEPA)filters,charcoaladsorberbeds,andasecondbankofHEPAfilters.Radiationlevelsintheexhaustairfromallareasofthereactorbuildingaremonitoredbyradiationdetectioninstrumentation.3.5.2.1.5TurbineBuildingVentilationTheprimepotentialsourceofairbornehalogenreleasestotheatmosphereisfromthevaporizationofsteamleaksintheturbinebuilding.Evaluationsof'radioactivitylevelsinsuchbuildingventilationreleasesareapproximate,since3.5-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIScertainassumptionshavebeenmaderegardingquantityofleakage,removalintheturbinebuilding,radioactivitylevelsintheleakage,andpartitionfactors.Estimateddosesarebasedonalevelof50,000uCi/sec(after30-mindecay).Theturbinebuildingventilationsystemdischargesthroughthemainplantstack.Allreleasesfromthestackaremeasuredbyanonlineisotopiceffluentmonitor.TheradioactivegaseouseffluentfromtheturbinebuildingventilationsystemispresentedinTable3.5-9.IncalculatingdosesforSection5.4,activitieslistedinTable3.5-9wereused.3.5.2.1.6RadwasteBuildingVentilationCertaintanksandequipmentandsomeradwastebuildingserviceareasareventedtodischargegasestothecombinedradwaste/reactorbuildingexhaustvent.Thisreleasepointismonitoredtoensurethatthedischargeisbelowthelimitsrequiredbyapplicableregulations.FSARSection12.2.1.5presentsadescriptionofradiationsourcesintheradwastebuilding.3.5'.2DescriptionoftheOff-GasSystemTheoff-gasprocessingsystemisprovidedtoreducethetotalamountofgaseousradwastesreleasedfromtheplant.Thepipingandinstrumentationdiagramfortheoff-gassystemisshownonFSARFigure11.3-1.Twotrainsoffourcharcoalbedseacharearrangedinseriestoprovidea522-hrdecayperiodforxenonisotopesanda29.6-hrdecayperiodforkryptonisotopes,assuming25-scfmflowrate(precedingholdup-timevaluesarebasedonNUREG-0016,Revision1,calculationmethods).Theminimumdecayperiodprovidedbythesystem,assuming52.5-cfmflowrate,is274hrforxenonand13.7hrforkrypton.Thesystemalsoprovidesforadelaytimeof7.6hrforArgon-41(calculatedusingNUREG-0016,Revision1).Thedesignisbasedon348,900uCi/seccontinuousactivityflowratefornoblegasesmeasuredaftera30-mindecayperiod.Consequently,theactivityflowrateusedasadesignbasisissignificantlyhigherthantheactivityflowrateof50,000uCi/secgiveninTable3.5-8,whichisanexpectedvalueandconsideredmorerepresentativefornormalplantoperation(Section5.4).Processoffgasisremovedfromthemaincondenserbysteamjetairejectors.Theestimatedmassflowratesforoffgastobehandledbyeachsteamjetairejectorunitis:Dryair63kg/hr(138lb/hr)3.5-7 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSHpOpHpONoblegases20kg/hr(43lb/hr)156kg/hr(344lb/hr)1,696kg/hr(3,740lb/hr)(asdilutionsteam)NegligibleNOTE:Theoff-gassysteminlettemperatureisapproximately121C(250F).Theprecedingquantitiesareusedasthedesignbasisfortheoff-gassystem.Furthermore,thesystemisdesignedtoaccommodatevariationsinflowrateswithoutcompromisingperformanceabilities'heoff-gassystemislocatedintheturbinebuildingandoperatesinthefollowingmanner.Steamjetairejectorsremovenoncondensablegasesfromthemaincondenser,providetherequiredpressureattheinletoftheoff-gassystem,andmaintainthehydrogenconcentrationbelowthe4-percent(byvolume)flammabilitylimitbyprovidingtherequiredsteamflowfordilutionatallpowerlevels.Hydrogenanalyzersareusedtoconfirmtheseconcentrations.Lowsteamflowissensedandresultsinanalarmsignal.Asteampreheaterraisesthetemperatureofthegasstreampriortoenteringthecatalyticrecombiner,whereallbutapproximately6.4kg/hr(14lb/hr)ofwatervaporrecombines.Furtherwaterremovaloccursinthefreezeoutdryer.Theactivityoftheoffgasisreducedbypassagethroughaseriesofambienttemperaturecharcoaladsorbertanks,andHEPAfiltersareusedtoremoveanyparticulatematter.Majorcomponentsoftheoff-gassystemareduplicatedtoprovidetwoparalleloff-gastrains.Componentsrequiringservicingareplacedinindividuallyshieldedcubiclestominimizepersonnelexposureduringmaintenance.Theoff-gassystemincludesthefollowingequipmentandisshownonFSARFigure11.2-1.3.5.2.2.1PreheatersFollowingpressurizationofthegasstreamanddilutionbytheairejectors,theoff-gasmixtureentersapreheater.Thepreheaterusessteamfromtheauxiliarysteamsystemtoraisethetemperatureofthegaseousmixtureto143~C(290'F).Thistemperatureriseservesto:l.Ensurecompletevaporizationofanyliquidwater.3.5-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.Minimizetheinhibitinginfluenceofhalogensonreactorkinetics.3.Limittheadiabatictemperatureriseofthegasto216C(420)foraneffluenttemperatureof377C(710F)(3.5percentbyvolumemaximuminlethydrogenconcentration).3.5.2.2.2CatalyticRecombinersPreheatedoffgasisdirectedtooneoftwocatalyticrecombinerswheretheradiolyticallydisassociatedhydrogenandoxygenreact,catalyticallytoformwatervapor,eliminatingthehydrogenhazardandreducingthevolumeofgastobehandled.Thehydrogenconcentrationdownstreamoftherecombinerislessthan4.0percentbyvolumeatallpowerlevels.Recombinationisaccomplishedbyintroducingtheprocessoffgastoaceramic-basedcatalysttoformwater.Sincethehydrogen-oxygenrecombinationreactionisexothermic,itisnecessarytocooltheprocessstreambeforeitcanbepassedtothecharcoaldelaytanks.3.5.2.2.3Off-GasCondenserNewlyformedwatervaporanddilutionsteamareremoveddownstreamoftherecombinerbyacondenser,wheretheheatofreactiondevelopedintherecombinerisalsoremoved.Condensatefromtheoff-gascondenserreturnstothemaincondenserhotwell.Therecombinereffluentiscooledtoapproximately49C(120F).Waterthatcondensesdrainstothemaincondenser.Awiremeshmisteliminatorisinstalledintheoutletoftherecombinercondensertoremoveentrainedwaterdropletsfromtheprocessstream.3.5.2.2.4HoldupPipeDownstreamoftheoff-gascondenserisapipewhichprovidesa75-secholdupoftheoffgassothatsomeadditionaldecayofshort-livedradioisotopescanoccur,therebyreducingtheactivityofthegas.3.5.2.2.5FreezeoutDryersGasispassedfromtheholduppipethroughfreezeoutdryers,wheretheprocessstreamtemperatureiscooledto4.4C(40F)tolowerthemoisturecontentofthegas.The3.5-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLStemperatureisfurtherreducedto-29C(,20F).Thisisdonebecausemoisturereducestheefficiencyandlifeofcharcoalbedsdownstream.3.5.2.2.6CharcoalAdsorbersCharcoalbedsarearrangedintwoparalleltrainsoffoureach.Eachtrainisdesignedtohandle50percentofthegasflow.Thetrainscanbeoperatedinparallelorinseries.Xenonandkryptonisotopesareadsorbedbythecharcoalanddelayedfromthebulkcarriergas(essentiallyair),,permittingthemtodecayandsignificantlyreducingtheoffsitedose.Designbasisholduptimesof480hrforxenonand26.6hrforkryptonhavebeenselected.3.5.2.2.7HEPAFiltersTwoidenticalHEPAfiltervesselsareprovideddownstreamofthecharcoalbeds.Thefilterisdesignedtotrapatleast99.97percentofparticles0.3micronsandlarger.Thefiltersareeachdesignedtoprocess100percentofdesignflowandareinstalledsuchthatoneisonstreamwhiletheotherisonstandbyorundergoingmaintenance.3.5.2.2.8VacuumPumpsThemotiveforceusedtodrawtheoffgasthroughthesystemisprovidedbytwolobe-type,rotary,positivedisplacementvacuumpumps.Eachpumpblowerisdesignedtohandle100percentoftheprocessflow.Thesevacuumpumpsdischargewastegasthroughthemainstack,whereitismonitoredforradioactivitybeforereleasetotheatmosphere.3.5.3SolidRadwasteSystemTheobjectiveofthesolidradwastesystemistocollect,process,package,andprovidetemporarystoragefacilitiesforsolidwastes.ApipingandinstrumentationdiagramforthesolidradwastesystemisshownonFSARFigure11.4-1.Thesystemisdesignedtothefollowingcriteria:Solidificationandpackagingofliquidwastesandsludgeswithasphaltinshippingcontainersasahomogeneous,immobilemixpriortoshipmentforoffsitedisposal.3.5-10 NineMilePoint"Unit2ER-OIS2.Allsolidwastecontainers,shippingcasks,andmethodsofpackagingmeetapplicablestateandfederalregulations.Wasteswillbeshippedtoalicensed'isposalsiteinaccordancewithapplicableNRCandDepartmentofTransportation(DOT)regulations(i.e.,10CFR71and49CFR171-178).3.Fillingofcontainersandsolidificationandstorageofradioactivesolidwastesconformto10CFR20and10CFR50requirementsintermsofaslowasisreasonablyachievabledosestoplantpersonnelandthegeneralpublic.3.5.3.1SourcesofSolidRadwasteRadioactivesolidwastesresultingfromplantoperationconsistof:1.ProcessWasteMaterialsa.Concentratedliquidwastesfromtheevaporatorsintheradioactiveliquidwastestream.b.Spentresinsfromallplantdemineralizershandlingradioactiveliquidsandfiltersludgesfromthephaseseparatorsandwastefilters.C.Contaminatedcompressiblematerials,suchaspaperandragsaccumulatedinacontrolledmannerduringoperationoftheplant,andincompressiblematerials,suchastools.2.IrradiatedReactorComonentsa.Controlrods.b.Fuelchannels.c.Otherreactorsolidwastes.Table3.5-12isaconservativeestimateofthesolidradwastesysteminputsandtheyearlyvolumesthataregenerated.TheexpectedactivitylevelsofthewastearegiveninTable3.5;,13.3.5-11 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.5.3.2EquipmentDescription'-Thesolidwastesystemprovidesthecapabilityforcollectinginwetform,solidifying,andpackagingprocesswastematerialin1.4-cum(50-cuft)containersor213-1(55-gal)drumsandfor'compactingcompressible,drywasteintolowspecificactivity(LSA)boxes.The'olidradwastesystemincludes:1.Wastesludgetankwithfacilitiesfordecantationanddilution.2.Meteringandmixingequipmentforcombiningwastewithasphalt-solidifyingagent.3.Packagingsystemfordischargingmixedwasteandsolidifyingagentdirectlytoshippingcontainer.4.Remotefacilitiesforsealingcontainers.5.Handlingequipment,fortransferringloadedradioactivecontainerstostorageorshipping.3.5.3.3DescriptionofSolidsProcessingProcedureThe-basicoperationofthesolidradwastesystemisasfollows.ProcessWasteMaterialsProcessspentresinsarecollectedinawastesludgetank.Anyliquidthatmayhavebeenusedtotransferthewasteintothetankcanbedecantedandsenttotheliquidradwastesystem.Whenthespentresinistobesolidified,apumplocatedbelowthewastesludgetankrecirculatestheslurry.Anotherpumpmetersthewastetoanevaporator/extruder.Simultaneously,theasphalt-solidifyingagentismeteredtotheextruder-froman'sphalttank.Fromtheextruder,theeffluentisdischargedintoanapprovedshippingcontainer.Theshippingcontainersaremonitoredforradiationlevelbeforestorageand/orshipping.Processwastefiltersludgesareprocessedinthesamemanner.Evaporatorbottomsaremeteredfromtheevaporatorbottomstankintotheevaporator/extruderalongwiththeasphalt-solidifyingagent.Theeffluentisdischargedintoapproved3.5-12 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSshippingcontainersandmonitoredforradiationlevelbeforestorageand/orshipping.Drysolidwaste,suchaspaperandrags,arecompactedintoLSAboxesforshipment.Duringthewaste-compactingoperation,theairflowisdirectedbyanexhausterthroughaHEPAfilterandthentothebuildingventilationsystem.IrradiatedReactorComonentsIrradiatedreactorcomponentsarehandledunderwaterwithinthereactorrefuelingcavityandfueltransfercanalandmaybestoredinthefuelpooluntilpackagedforoffsiteshipment.Handlingofsuchequipmentdependsonradiationlevel,transportationfacilities,andavailablestoragesites.3.5.3.4StorageandShippingAllsolidradwastematerialispackagedinapprovedshippingcontainersthatmeettherequirementsof10CFR71andDOTregulation49CFR173,Sections389through395,andshippedtolicensedoffsitedisposallocations.Thedesignandutilizationofshippingcontainersmeettheregulationsfortransportationofradioactivematerialsfoundin49CFR171,49CFR172,49CFR177,and49CFR178.Theactivityofthecompressibledrywastesislowenoughtopermithandlingofthepackages.Thesewastesarecollectedincontainerslocatedinappropriatezonesaroundthestation,asdictatedbythevolumesofwastesgeneratedduringoperationandmaintenance.Filledcontainersaresealedandmovedtoacontrolled-accessenclosedstorageareafortemporarystorage.Thepackagedsolidwaste,dependingonitsactivitylevel,isstoredinoneoftwostorageareaslocatedwithintheradwastebuilding.High-activitywasteisstoredinashieldedareawithintheradwastebuilding;low-activitywasteisstoredinalimited-accessareawithinthebuilding.Thislimited-accessstorageareaisalsousedforstorageofuncontaminatedcontainersandlow-activitywastepackagedbythedrywastecompactor.Packagedwastesareshipped,shieldedasnecessary,toanapproveddisposalfacilityforstorageorburial.Shipmentsofradioactivesolidwastearemadebylicensedcarriersusingeitherrailortrucktransport.Thepackagedsolidwasteisshippedonaregularbasis,dependingonquantity3.5-13 NineNilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSandactivity,inaccordancewiththeapplicableNRCandDOTregulations.TheexpectednumberofshipmentsandtheexpectedactivitiesofthewastesaresummarizedinTables3.5-12and3.5-13.3.5-14 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.5-1LIQUIDRADWASTESYSTEMINPUTSOURCES,FLOWRATES,PRIMARYCOOLANTCONCENTRATIONS,ANDDISCHARGEFRACTIONSStreamInputStreamAverageDailyFlowRatePrimaryCoolantDischargeConcentrationFraction103133EquipmentdrainsCondensatedemineralizerbackwashUltrasonicresincleanerFloordrainfiltereffluentWasteevaporatordistillateDecantfromRWCUandSFCphaseseparatortanksFloordrains-reactorbuilding,turbinebuilding,anddecontaminationareaSpent,resintankdecant14,1003,15015,0002,7167,39011,2004520.8230.0020.050.0010.0010.0020.0010.0021020Regenerantchemical3,150waste9,600<>>RefertoFSARFigure11.2-1.'Fractionofreactorsteamactivity.KEY:RWCU=ReactorwatercleanupSFC=Spent,fuelcleanup1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.5"2EXPECTEDANNUALLIQUIDRELEASES*~jsotoeActivity~uC~iReleased~CiNa-24P-32Cr-51Mn-54Mn-56Fe-55Fe-59Co-58Co-60Ni-63Ni-65Cu-64Zn-65Zn-69mSr-89Sr-90Sr-91Sr-92Y-91Y-92Y-93Zr-95Zr-97Nb-95Nb-98Mo-99Tc-99mTc-101Tc-104RU-103RU-105Ru-106Ag-110mTe-129mTe-131mTe-132Ba-139Ba-140Ba-141Ba-142La-142Ce-1411.8-107.2-122.1-102.5-123.4-113.7-111~1-127.2-121.5-113.7-141.9-134.5-107.2-120.03.8-122.5-134.9<<118.0-121,8-124.9-115.4-112.9-131.1-132.9-132.3-156.3-111.3-100.00.07.2-136.7-121~1-133.7-141.5-122'-123.1-133.0-131.4-110.00.03.4-131.1-121.l.2.2.6.9.2.1.2.0.2.1.2.1.2.3.1.6.1.1.0.4.46.2.8.1.l.1~8~0.0.2.6.1-022-043-025-040-032-036-053-040-042-061-057-024-0403-045-058-038-041-049-031-037-057-067-054-077-034-03003-050-047-062-068-055-049-058-056-04000-056-051of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3'-2(Cont)~IeotoeCe-143Ce-144Pr-143Nd-147W-187Np-239Br-83Br-84Br-85I-131I-132I-133I-134I-135Rb-89Cs-134Cs-136Cs-137Cs-138H-3ActivityQu/Ci8.0-13l.1-131.5-121.1-136.7-122.4-103.5-129.4-180.01.5-102.7-111.3-097.6-144.0-100.05.4-113.5-111.4-108.9-168.9-07Released~ci4.7-056.7-068.8-056.4-064.1-041.4-022.1-045.5-100.09.1-031.6-037.4-024.6-062.4-020.03.1-032.1-038.7-035.3-085.2+01*Anticipatedoperationaloccurrences1.50-01Ci/yraddedtorelease.Dilutionreleaserate(g/yr)5.97+13.Totalrelease(excludingtritium)is3.7-01Ci.Totalrelease(excludingtritium)is8.9-07uCi/g.NOTE:1.8-10=1.8x10ao2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.5-3LWSTANKCAPACITIESANDFILLTIMESTankWastecollectorFloordraincollectorRegenerantwasteRecoverysampleNo.ofTanksCapacity~al25,10125,40125,10125,101FillTime/Tank'~'r11'38.215311.3<>>158<>>WastedischargesampleWastecollectorsurgeFloordraincollectorsurge25,10125,10125,101568NA'4'A~~Usedtocalculateactualreleases.'~'Wastecollectionsources.'Regenerantwastesources.'4'Onlywhenneeded.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.5-4PROCESSEQUIPMENTCAPACITIESProcessEuiment,RadwastefilterFloordrainfilterIRadwastedemineral-changerWasteevaporatorandregenerantevapor-atorCapacity~~m')2006020030~TeEtcheddiscFlatbedprecoatMixed-bedionex-izersForcedcirculation

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.5-5DECONTAMINATIONFACTORSOFPROCESSINGUNITSEimentDecontamina-tionFactorRemarksRadwasteandfloordraincollectorfiltersForcorrosion/activationproducts(insolubles)Radwastedemineralizers(mixed-bedtype)2100ForCsandRbForanionsandallothernuclidesWasteandregenerantevaporators1,00010,000ForanionsForallnuclidesexceptanions

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.5-6LWSANNUALRELEASEDATARealisticBasisAssumtionParameterMaximumcorethermalpowerTotalsteamflowrateMassofcoolantinreactorpressurevessel3,489MWt15,009,750lb/hr6.015xlO~lbRWCUaverageflowrateRWCUfilter/demineralizer1.58xlO~lb/hrTypeSizeRegenerationfrequencyRegenerationbackwashvolume4deep-bedresin220cufteach1vessel/1.5days1,482gal(includingsolids)CondensateDemineralizersTypeSizeRegenerationfrequencyRegenerationbackwashvolumeperevent9deep-bedresin220cufteach1vessel/week22,050galUltrasonicresinrinsevolume15,000gpd

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISTABLE3.5"7IDENTIFICATIONOFPRINCIPALRELEASEPOINTSFORRADIOACTIVEMATERIALSTOTHEENVIRONMENTANDMONITORINGPROCESSESReleasePointContinuousMonitorAutomaticControlFunctiononContinuousMonitorReactorbuilding/radwastebuildingventilationvent(reactorbuildingroof)MainstackYes<~'es<1)LiquiddischargestodischargetunnelLiquidradwastedischargetoLakeOntarioYesYes<3)ServicewatersystemdischargetoLakeOntarioYesNoGaseouseffluentreleasepointsaremonitoredbyonlineisotopicdetectionsystems'Continuousmonitorsupstreamoftheisotopicdetectorsonselectedprocessstreamsprovideisolationofreleasepointinputs.Isotopicmonitorsdo,notg'enerateisolationsignals.See'FSARFigures11.5-7and11.5-8for'etails.'Liquidradwastedischargeisisolatedbythecontinuousmonitor.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.5-8ESTIMATEDQUANTITIESOFFISSIONPRODUCTISOTOPESRELEASEDTOTHEENVIRONSFROMTHEOFF-GASPROCESSINGSYSTEM(FailedFuelBasis-50,000uCi/sec)FissionGas~IsotoeHalf-LifeT12Activityat30-MinDecayuCiOff-GasReleasetoMainStackKr-83mKr-85mKr-85Kr-87Kr-88Xe-131mXe-133mXe-133Xe-135mXe-135Ar-41*C-14*Total1.910.8762'11.82.35.315.69.11.85,730hrhryrminhrdaysdaysdaysminhrhryr9.1-041.6-035.0-065.5-035.5-033.9-067.5-052.1-037.0-036.0-03NANA2.9-027.7-017.3+022.4+022.2-021.9+025.3+014.6+005.8+032.2-127.1+019.5+007.1+03*Nonfissionproductisotopes.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.5-10RADIOACTIVEGASEOUSEFFLUENTFROMTHETWORELEASEPOINTS(Ci/yr)Radwaste/ReactorBuildinVentPowererationsShutdown0MainStackMechanicalPowerVacuumPumpKr-83mKr-85mKr-85Kr-87Kr-88Kr-.89Xe-131mXe-133mXe-133Xe-135mXe-135Xe-137Xe-138Cr-51Mn-54-Fe-'59Co-58Co-60Zn-65Sr-89Sr-90Zr-95Nb-95Mo-99'u-103'Ag-110Sb-124Cs-134Cs-136Cs-137Ba-140.Ce-141I-131I-132I-133I-134I-135H-3Ar-41C-143.0+002.1+003.8+003.1+013.3+025.9+024.1+022.7+029.3i009.7-041;3-033.5-042.8-045.1-034.0-031.7-047.6-066.2-041.1-026.3-025.8-042.5-062.1-054.3-034.8-045.6-031.4-027.8-042.9-025..2-013.9-019.5-014.1-012.6+011.4-053.4-054.4-068.6-069.0-051.1-041.3-062'-071.2-052.0-053.7-061.2-056.9-081.2-063.9-056.9-066.8-052,7-058.2-063.3-035.9-024.4-02'1.1-014.6-027.7-017.6-022:4-026.1+012.6+025."8+025.3+014.6+006.0+034.0+023,.3+021.0+031.0+037.2-044.8-048.0-058.0-048.0-044.8-034.8-031~6-053.2-054.8-061.6-034.0-058.0-051.-6-048.0-058.0-048.0-038.0-031.0-011.7+001.4+004.2+001.4+002.6+017.1+019.5+001of11.8-04'.2-042.0-052.0-042'-041.2-031.2-034.0-068.9-063.0-064.0-041.1-056'-092.0-054.3-'052.1-052.1-042'.0-032.0-03*1.2-022.1-011~6-014.8-011.7-011.5+011.3+035.0+024.3-027.4-015.9-011.7+006.1-01

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE35-11OFF-GASSySTEMPROCESSDATAParameterPressure(psia)Temperature(oP)Plow(kg/hr)AirHgOgHg0TotalPlow(lb/hr)AirHgOaHg0TotalSystemInlet14.725063201564,8375,0751384334410,66511,190RecombinerInlet13329063201564,8375~0751384334410,66511i190RecombinerOutlet125710635i0125,07513811,05211~190CondenserOutlet115120636813813151DryerOutlet113-2063631380~138CharcoalAdsorberOutlet111706363138138HEPAFilterOutlet10.9706363138138SystemOutlet14.81806363138138 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE35-12ANNUALSOLIDWASTEQUANTITIESVOLUMEExectedDesinSourceofWasteSpentresins(radwastedemin-eralizer,con-densatedemin-eralizer)UnsolidifiedWasteVolumeft~1,21050fthmContainers31PackagedVolumeC>>~f5*1,628S~himents19UnsolidifiedWasteVolume50ft~Containers4f400113PackagedVolumeC>>~fts5,933Shipments68Filtersludgesandradwastefloordrainfilter4,8401246,5109r06423212,180140Evaporatorbottoms1.Radwaste2.RegenerativeSubtotal2f4875,65314f1908392024202,04810f60635Ct51284,50410f23628i20414714307353f72822,576272CS>SourceofWasteCompactedMiscellaneousSubtotalLSABoxes<<i55-GalDrumsC~~1,2281f228PackagedVolume~fts9f2101,02410f234S~hients19LSABoxes<<~1355-GalDrums<+>2m0522,052PackagedVolume~fts15'901~66417~054S~Mments.2931Total20f84014739f630303<<~Combinedshipmentsofradwasteandregenerativeevaporatorbottoms.c>>ISAboxescontain128ft3volume.c>>Packagedvolumebasedon52.5ft*ofexternalvolume.c~lPackagedvolumebasedon7.5ft*.lof1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OZSTABLE35-13EXPECTEDANDDESIGNSOLIDWASTEACTIVITIESSourceofWasteSpentresin(radwastedemin-eralizer,conden-satedemineralizer)ExectedCCL/CC5862C3./1.66TotalActivity201x10>DesinuC/cc49796Cx/ts1410TotalActivity6.20x10iFiltersludges1.Radwastefilter2.FloordrainfilterEvaporatorbottoms(radwasteandregenerative)1585-463550005016100434259895818x10>260918293020.070.26830133471i884.60122x10sNOTE:Compactedandmiscellaneoustrashcontainnegligibleactivity.1of

-NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.6NONRADIOACTIVEWASTESYSTEMS3.6.1WastesContainingChemicalsorBiocides3.6.1.1DischargestoWater3.6.1.l.1DescriptionofNonradioactiveWasteTreatmentSystemsandSourcesofDischargesTheUnit2chemicalwastetreatment.systemhandleswastewatersfromregenerationofionexchangeresinsusedinthemakeupdemineralizationwatertreatmentsystem.A227,100-1(60,000-gal)capacitywasteneutralizingtank,sizedfortwocompleteregenerationsofthemakeupdemineralizersystem,providesforacidandcausticwastewaterself-neutralization.Additionalneutralization,ifrequired,isachievedthroughtheadditionofconcentratedsulfuricacidorsodiumhydroxide(caustic).Theacidorcausticisaddedintothetankandmixedbyuseof-afull-flowrecirculationlinetoachieveapHofnotlessthan6.Sandnotgreaterthan8.5.Afterneutralizationandsampling,thewasteneutralizationtank'scontentsareroutedtothedischargebayandsubjectedtoextensivedilutionpriortodischarge,-asdescribed.inSection3.F1.Figure3.3-1illustratestheflowpathways.Thecoolingtowerblowdownisaflowofwaterreleasedfromtheunittominimizethebuildupoftotaldissolvedsolids(TDS)in'hecirculatingwater.Sodiumhypochloriteisaddedtothecoolingwaterimmediatelyupstreamofthecondensers,whilesulfuricacidisaddedimmediatelydownstreamofthecondensers.Afractionofthecoolingwateriscontinuallyremovedfromthesystem.ThiscoolingtowerblowdownisroutedtothedischargebayandreleasedtoLakeOntario;asdescribedinSection3.3.1andshownonFigure3.3-1.3.6.1.1.2ChemicalsProcessedThroughEachSyst:emTheaverageandmaximumquantitiesofchemicalsaddedtothecirculatingwaterandusedforregenerationofmakeupdemineralizerionexchangeresinsarelistedinTable3.3-3.ThefrequencyandpurposeoftheseadditionsarealsoindicatedinTable3.3-3.Sulfuricacidandsodiumhypochloriteareaddedtothecirculatingwatersystem.Sulfuricacidandsodiumhydroxideareusedforregenerationofmakeupwatertreatmentionexchangeresins.3.6-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.6.1.1.3AverageandMaximumConcentrationsofNaturalMaterialsinEffluentStreamsAverage-andmaximumexpectedconcentrationsofselectedchemicalsdischargedintheUnit,2combineddischarge(coolingtowerblowdown,demineralizerregenerationwastewater,andservicewaterbypass)are'listedinTable3.6-1.Theseelementsrepresenttheresponseofnaturallakewaterconstituentstoevaporativeconcentrationinthecoolingcycle.TraceconstituentslistedinTable2.3-13,but'otappearinginTable3.6-1,areconservativeandrespondinthemannerindicatedforelementsnotsubjecttoinplantadditions.AverageandmaximumwaterqualityconstituentvalueswerecalculatedusingNineMilePointregionalwaterqualitydata(Section2.3.3).Averagewaterqualityparameterconcentrationsandaveragecoolingtowerevaporationrateswereusedtoestimateaverageeffluentvalues;maximumvaluesofmonthlymeanwaterqualityconcentrationswerecoupledwithmaximumevaporationratestoestimatemaximumeffluentvalues.Chemicalsaddedtothisdischargeduetodemineralizerregenerationwastes,corrosionofcondensertubing,andbiofouling/corrosioncontrolwereincludedinthecalculations.ThechemicalconstituentslistedinTable3.6-1consist,primarilyoflakewaterconstituents,concentratedbytheevaporativecoolingprocess.Average(202mg/l)andmaximum(266mg/1)TDSconcentrationsofambientintakewatertakendirectlyfromthelakeexceedthe200mg/lTDSstandardforNewYorkStateClassA-SpecialWaters(discussedindetailinSection2.3.3).Sodiumhypochlorite,sodiumhydroxide,andsulfuricacidareaddedtotheplanteffluentasaresultofadditionstothecirculatingwa'tersystemanddischargesgeneratedduringtheregenerationofmakeupwaterdemineralizerionexchangeresins.Ipgeneral,thechemicalcontributionofUnit2totheNineMilePointregionalwaterqualityofLakeOntarioisaminorincreaseinTDSlevelsofthereceivingwatersintheimmediatevicinityofthedischarge,asdiscussedindetailinSection5.5.3.6.1.1.4ConcentrationFactorasaSeasonalBasisforEvaporativeCoolingSystemsThe'coolingtowerisexpectedtobeoperatedatayearlyaverageof1.67cyclesofconcentration,basedonaveragemonthlyconcentrationfactors.Themaximumhypothesizedmonthlyconcentrationfactoris2'.23,whichmayoccurduringthemonthsofJulyandAugust.Seasonally,theconcentrationfactorsbasedonaverageevaporationratesare3.6-2 Ni;neMilePointUnit2ER-OLSasfollows:fortheJanuary-Marchperiod,1.48;April-June,1.76;July-September,"1.85;andOctober-December,1~60.3.6.1.1.5OperatingCyclesforEachWasteTreatmentSystemorDischargeThecoolingtowerblowdownrepresentsacontinuousandrelativelyconstantflowwastestreamduringnormalUnit2operation.Theaverageblowdownrateis9501/s(15,068gpm);theminimumblowdownrate,whichdictatesthemaximumchemicalconcentrations,is7061/s(ll,188gpm).Sodiumhypochloriteadditionisnotconstantanddependsonthechlorinedemandofthecirculatingwater.Inaddition,thedurationandfrequencyofsodiumhypochloriteadditionarealteredtoassurecompliancewithregulatoryrequirementsofnogreaterthan0.5mg/1maximumfreeavailablechio'rinefornolongerthan2hr/day.Sulfuricacidadditionstothecirculatingwatersystemarelikewisecontrolledbydemand,inthiscase,alkalinity.Quantitiesarenotlikelytofluctuatetoanygreatdegree,duetotherathernarrowrangeofalkalinityvaluesreportedforLakeOntario'sNineMilePointregion(Section2.3.3).Makeupdemineralizationwastewatersaregeneratedapproximatelyoncepermonth.Duringstartup,thelargeadditionaldemandofhigh-qualitywatrnecessitatesregenerationonceaday.ThequantitiesofsodiumhydroxideandsulfuricacidperregenerationarelistedinSection3.3.2.3.6.1.2DischargestoLand:CharacteristicsandQuantitiesofSludgesandProposedMethodsofUltimateDisposalSludgeandsedimentaccumulatedinthecoolingtowerbasinareprojectedtoberemovedat5-yrintervals.Thesematerialsconsistofsolidsincludingchemicalsandbiocides,concentratedthroughtheevaporativecoolingprocessandcollectedinthecoolingtowerbasin.The5-yrestimatedvolumeis1,668cum(58,900cuft).Thesludgewillbechemicallyanalyzed,removed,anddisposedofoffsiteinaNewYorkState-licenseddisposalfacilitysuitableforwastesofthisnature.Therearenootherplanneddischargestoland.3.6-3 NineMilePoint:Unit.2ER-OLS3.6.1.3DischargestoAirThenatural-draftcoolingtowerrequires19to38million1/s(40to80millioncfm)ofambientairtodissipatethewasteheatfromthemaincondenserinthecirculatingwatersystem.Theairflowrateisdependentonambientatmosphericconditionsandthereforevariesthroughouttheyear,reachingamaximuminthewinter.Theeffluentsarecommonlydescribedascoolingtowerdriftandvisibleplumes.3.6.1.3.1CoolingTowerDriftAsthecirculatingwaterflowsthroughthefillsectionofacoolingtower,theactionofthefallingwateroverthesplashbarscreatessmallwaterdroplets,someofwhichareentrainedintheairflowingthroughthetower.ThesizedistributionofthesedropletsisgiveninSection5.3.3.1.1.2.Mostdropletsarebetween10and600microns.Thosedropletswhichleavethetowerintheexitairflowarereferredtoasdrift.Thedriftratefornatural-draftcoolingtowersvarieswiththeexitairflow.Basedonmanufacturers'tandarddesignsfornatural-draftcoolingtowers,amaximumdriftrateof0.0005percentofthecirculatingwaterflowisassumed.Thisresultsinamaximumdriftemissionrateofabout0.761/s(12gpm).3.6.1.3.2EvaporationAmbientairinducedthroughacoolingtowerbecomesheatedandmoisture-ladenasaresultoftheevaporativecoolingprocess,andavisibleplumeisformedwhentheairisdischargedfromthetower.Thefrequencyofoccurrenceandextentofthevisibleplumedependuponmeteorologicalconditionsexistingatthetimeanduponthedesignandphysicalparametersofthecoolingtower.AdetailedevaluationofvisibleplumeoccurrencesispresentedinSection5.3.3.1.1.1..Foragivenambientwet-bulbtemperature,anincreaseinrelativehumidityofambientairresultsinadecreaseintotal,moistureremovedbycoolingtowerexitairandadecreaseintheevaporativecooling.Conversely,adecreaseinambientrelativehumidityresultsinanincreaseincoolingtowerexitairmoisturecontentandan,increaseintheevaporativecooling.Atthedesignwet-bulbtemperatureof23C(74F)andarelativehumidityof50percent,theincreaseinmoisturecontentofairinthetoweris0.018kg(0.039lb)ofwaterper0.454kg(1lb)ofdryair.Withambientrelativehumiditiesof25and100percent,the3.6-4 NineMile-PointUnit2ER-OLSincreasesinmoisturecontentare0.024and0.012kg(0.053and0.026lb)ofwaterper0.454kg(1lb)ofdryair,respectively.Theeffectsoftheseadditionalamountsofmoistureaddedtotheatmosphereonground-levelambientrelativehumidityarediscussedinSection5'.3.1.1.5.h3.6.2SanitaryWasteTreatmentThenormalsanitarywasteflowfromUnit2,basedonanormaloperatingforceof300peopleandanestimated1241/day/person(33gpd/person),is37,4721/day(9,900gpd).Themaximumflow,basedonanestimatedmaintenanceoutageworkforceof1,500people,is187,3581/day(49,500gpd).SanitarywastesfromUnit2willbetreatedalongwi.thsanitarywastesgeneratedatUnit1.ThecombinedsanitarywasteflowswillbetreatedandmonitoredtocomplywiththefollowingStatePollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(SPDES)permiteffluentlimitations:ParameterSettleablesolidsTotalsuspendedsolids5-daybiochemicaloxygendemand(BOD>)LimitsI'.1mg/1maximumdaily25mg/1averagedaily'5mg/lmaximumdaily5mg/1averagedaily'5mg/lmaximumdaily'hlorineresidualpH0.5ppmmaximumdaily6.0-9.0Fecalcoliforms200MPN/100ml-30-daygeomet-ricmean400MPN/100ml-7-daygeomet-ricmeanDailyaveragecalculatedbydividingmonthlydischargebynumberofdaysinmonth.'~'Dailymaximumisthemaximumdischargedin1day.3.6-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.6.3OtherWastes3.6.3.1DescriptionsofMiscellaneousWastesWastestreamsdiscussedinthissectionincludefilterbackwash,stormwater,roofdrains,nonradioactiveplantdrains,treatedradioactivewastewater,transferpitdrain,andcoolingtowersludge.Filterbackwashconsistsofresuspendedfilteredlakewatersolids.Thequalityandquantityofstormwaterandroofdrainsareessentiallythatofincidentprecipitation.Thenonradioactiveplantdrainsconsistofadministrationbuilding,servicebuilding,andwatertreatmentanddemineralizerbuildingfloordrains.(Turbineandreactorbuildingdrainsgototheradwastetreatmentsystem.)Treatedradioactivewastewateriscomposedofdrainsandrejectwaterstreatedforremovalofradioactivesubstances(Section3.5).Thefloordrainforthedieselgeneratorbuildingandthetransferpitdrainhavethepotentialforcontaminationwithoil.Coolingtowersludgeconsistsofsuspendedsolidsretainedinthecoolingbasin.3'.3.2EstimatesofWasteQuantitiestobeDisposedandTheirPollutantConcentrationatPointsofReleaseThefilterbackwashgenerates0.032cum/sec(50gpm)ofwastewaterfora15-minperiodonceevery3weeks.Thesuspendedsolidsconcentrationwillvaryasafunctionofthequantityofsuspendedmatterinthelakewaterfilteredtosupplythemakeupwatersystem.Thequantitiesofstormwaterandroofdrainagevaryandaredirectlydependentuponthestormeventthatgeneratesthem.Thedesignflowisbasedonamaximumdaily(24-hr)rainfallof12.7cm(5in),,withareturnfrequencyof100yr.Nonradioactivefloordrainsaredischargedtothestormdrainsystemat,variableflowrates,dependentuponmaintenanceandcleaningschedulesforthefacility.Thecombinednonradioactivefloordrains,stormwater,andtransferpitandroofdrainsareestimatedtogenerateaflownotgreaterthan14,000cum/day(3.7mgd).TreatedradioactivewastewatersarequantifiedinSection3.5.Thevolumeofcoolingtowersludgegeneratedin5yrisestimatedtobeapproximately1,668cum(58,900cuft).Thecoolingtowersludgeremovalfrequencyfromthecoolingtowerbasinisanticipatedtobeonceevery5yr.'.6-6 NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLS3.6.3.3ProceduresbyWhichAllEffluentsWillbeTreated,Controlled,,andDischargedtoComplywithEffluentLimitationGuidelinesFilterbackwash,=treatedradioactivewastewaters,andnonradioactivefloordrainsdischargesarelimitedtoconcentrationspriortodilutionof15mg/loilandgrease,30mg/1averageand50mg/lmaximumsuspendedsolids,andapHof6.0to9.0.Thefilterbackwashisdischarge'dtothelakeviathedischargetunnel.ThestormwaterisdischargedfromsixoutfalllocationstoLake=Ontario.Dieselgeneratorbuildingfloordrainageandtransferpitdrainageflowthroughoil-waterseparators,whereoilisrecovered;treateddrainageisdischargedwithuncontaminatedfloorandequipmentdrainstothestormwaterdrainsystem.CollectedoilwillberemovedbyaNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation-approveddisposalcontractor.Filterbackwash,stormwater,roofdrains,andnonradioactivefloordrains,withtheexceptionofthedieselgeneratorbuildingfloordrainage,transferpitdrainage,andturbinebuildingandreactorbuildingdrainage,aredischargeddirectlytothelakewithouttreatment.Thecoolingtowersludgewillberemoved,tested,anddisposedofwithouttreatmentinaNewYorkState-licenseddisposalfacility,suitablefordisposalofwastesofthisquality.3.6.3.4EstimationofGaseousEffluentsAuxiliarBoilersTwoauxiliaryelectricboilersthathavenodirectexhaustemissionsareprovidedatthestation.Sincetheauxiliaryboilersareelectricallyoperated,resultinginnogaseousemissions,current.state,andfederalnew-sourceperformancestandardsforelectricutilitygeneratingunitsdonotStandbDieselGeneratorsandDieselFirePumExhaustTwostandbydieselgeneratorsandonehigh-pressurecorespray(HPCS)systemdieselgeneratorareusedonlyunderemergencyconditions,butaretestedforapproximately2hrpermonth.Thegeneratorsareusedtoprovideelectricpowerforessentialonsiteneedswhenoffsitepowerisnotavailable.ThestandbydieselgeneratorsandtheHPCS3.6-7 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSsystemdieselgeneratorburnNo.2dieselfueloil,whichtypicallycontains0.5percentsulfurand0.08percentash.Theexhaustfromeachofthetwostandbydieselgeneratorenginesisdischargedtotheatmospherethroughtwoshortstacksprojectingfromtheroofofthedieselgeneratorbuilding.TheexhaustfromtheHPCSsystemdieselgeneratorisdischargedtotheatmospherethroughaseparatestack.ThestandbydieselgeneratorandHPCSsystemdieselgeneratorspecificationsandthefuelandfluegasparametersarelistedinTable3.6-2.Therearenofederalnew-sourceperformancestandardsor.stateemissionstandardsapplicabletothestandbydieselgenerators,exceptfortheStateofNewYorklimitforastationarycombustioninstallationof40percentopacityforanytimeperiodor20percentopacityforaperiodof3ormoreminutesduringanycontinuous60-minuteperiod.Becausethedieselgeneratorsareemergencystandbyunits,theyareexemptfromthepreventionofsignificantdeterioration(PSD)requirement.Thediesel-operatedfireprotection-pumpisnormallyoperatedonlyduringfireemergencies.ThepumpburnsNo.2dieselfueloilandistestedapproximately1/2hrperweek.Emissionsfromthediesel-operatedfireprotectionpumparedischargedtotheatmospherethroughaseparatestack.PumpspecificationsandfuelparametersarelistedinTable3.6-3.TheemissioncontributionsfromtheseunitsarelistedinTable3.6-4.I3.6-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.6.4Reference1.Codes,Rules,andRegulations,StateofNewYork.StationaryCombustionInstallations,6NYCRRPart227.4.DepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,NewYork,May10,1981.3.6-9

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE36-1CONCENTRATIONSOFWASTEANDSELECTEDCHEMICALSINPLANTEFFLUENTConstituentQuantitiesAddedinPlant,kg/daylb/daEffluentLocationDischargeEdgeofPoint<l>DilutionZonec>>MaxA~vMaxAv~.Concentration~a~/iexceneherenotedtNineMilePointWaterualit<>>RangeofM~onthiMagna<a>~Av<~>MinMaxapplicableCriteriaStateEPAPoint-EffluentSourceStandard<<>Release(e>NapH(pHunits)Sc(umhos/cm)Alk(CaCO~)caClMgTDSTSSSOqNOsPO,TotalPCrCuFeMnNiZnC].C<2>Free5(112)c9>16(348)co>17(36.9)<6(137)c<<><907(<2,000)427.966180738214413281470.500.0280.08900030.1050.2670.06100140.437<027237749170564811272<599<0-24<0009<0036<0001<002701220.024<0.005<0.065<0.09288.544910350561028119500340.0190.0600.0020.0700.1820.0410.0100.297178.33789243368209<438<0.19<0007<0.028<0.001<00200.0940.019<0004<0.050168.43659442358202<3731<0.18<00070027<0001<001900910.018<0.004<0048128.03158135277154<0.125<0.04<0.0020.011<00010.0020013<0.001<0.0010004OCL3>26864251064753926618400320.0180.0570.0020.0660.1720039000902810c13>67-856.0-9.020030c10>0.2~~>0303cY>0.5(max)0.2(ave)<<>Effluentflowratesusedwere1,8131/s(28,743gpm)foraverageconcentrationsand1,5681/s(24,863gpm)formaximumconcentrations,exceptforsulfateandsodium,whichwerecalculatedbyassumingaregenerationin1daywhenaverageevaporationprevails,basedonnormalplantmakeupwaterdemands.Averagewaterqualityparameterconcentrationsandaverageevaporationrateswereusedtoestimateaverageeffluentvalues;maximumvaluesofmonthlymeanwaterqualityconcentrationswerecoupledwithmaximumevaporationratestoestimatemaximumeffluentvalues.<<>Basedon10xdilution.<>>BasedondatasummarizedinSection2.3.3.<~>Basedondatafrom1978NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies(seeSection2.3.3)-<<>Basedonmonthlydatafrom1978NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudis(seeSection2.3.3).<<>NYsclassA-special(InternationalBoundary)waters,section702.1,chapterx,Article2,Part702.<>>Thevaluesforcopperandzincareguidelines,notcriteria,basedonambientalkalinitylevels.<<>40CFR423-EffluentGuidelinesandStandardsforSteam-ElectricPowerGenerating.<~>SeeSection3.3.2.<<o>40CFR423-Appl'icableforLow-VolumeWastes,IncludingWaterTreatmentWastewatersPriortoEnteringtheDischargeBay.<<~>Basedonacorrosionrateof0.8mil/yr(0.03in/yr).<<z>Basedon2-hrrestriction.c<>>Assumedtobezero.1of1 e

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.6-2STANDBYDIESELGENERATORSANDDIESELGENERATORHPCSSYSTEMFUELANDFLUEGASPARAMETERSParametersNumberofunitsonsiteSize(output),kWNumberofstacksStackheight,ftabovegroundStackdiameter,inFueltype,No.Fuelsulfur,Fuelash,Maximumfuelrate.,lb/hrHeatinput,MBtu/hr*Fluegasexittemper-ature,FFluegasflow,lb/hrFluegasvelocity,fpsStandbyDieselGenerator24,400243(13m)30(76cm)20.50.082,310(1,048kg/hr)45.02990(532C)85,937(38,981kg/hr)175.6(54m/s)HPCSDieselGenerator12,60014324(61cm)20.50.081,350(612kg/hr)26.31735(391C)46,371(21,034kg/hr)122~1(37m/s)*MillionBtuperhour.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.6-3DIESELFIREPUMP,FUEL,ANDFIUEGASPARAMETERSNumberofunitsonsiteSize(output),hpNumberofstacksStackheight,ftabovegroundStackdiameter,inFueltype,No.Fuelsulfur,Fuelash,Maximumfuelrate,lb/hrHeatinput,MBtu/hr*Fluegasexittemperature,FFluegasflow,lb/hrFluegasvelocity,fpsParameter1313130(9m)6(15cm)2'.50.08110.3(50kg/hr)2.151,000(538C)3,069.4(1,392kg/hr)158.2(48m/s)*MillionBtuperhour.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE3.6-4DIESELGENERATORANDFIREPUMPEMISSIONSGenerator~standbSO(2)Particulates'ox'~lbhr23.11.6637.049tonr2.310.16630.7049lb106Btu0.51300.03690.1566HPCS(~)SO(2)Particulates'Ox'3'3.5000.9724.1200.6570.04860.20590.5130.03690.1565SO(2)Particulates'2'Ox'3'.1030.07940'3660.01650.001190.0050.5130.03690.1566'Based(>>BasedBased'"'Basedon100-hrannualoperatingrate.onconcentrationinfuel.onEPAAP-42emissionfactor.on30-hrannualoperatingrate.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OES3.7POWERTRANSMISSIONSYSTEMSThepowertransmissionsystemconsistsofanewsingle-circuit345-kVtransmissionlineextendingfromUnit2tothenewScribaSubstation,andfromScribaSubstationtoNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation's(NMPC)existingVolneyStation.ThelineisneededtoprovideageneratorleadfromUnit2totheNewYorkPowerPoolinterconnectedelectricsystem.TheNineMile2-Volney345-kVtransmissionlinewi3,1beconstructedadjacentandparalleltoanexistingtransmissionfacility,alongitsentirelengthwithinanexistingright-of-way(ROW).Thelinewilltraverseinasoutherlydirectionapproximately15km(9.4mi),passingthroughthetownofScriba,andterminatinginthetownofVolneyattheexistingVolneyStation(Figure3.7-1).3.7.1BasicElectricalParametersDesignedtooperateatanominalvoltageof345kV,theline'spowerconductorswillconsistofsixindividual1,192.5KCM,steel-reinforcedaluminumcablesinbundlesoftwoperphase.Spacingof7.9m(26ft)willbeprovided'etweenphases.Twooverheadgroundwireswillbeemployed.Aminimumconductorclearanceof8.5m(28ft)willbemaintainedoverfieldsandroads,at.atemperatureof125C(257F).ThistemperaturecorrespondstotheNewYorkPowerPoolshort-termemergencytransmissionlineloadingcriteria.Themaximumpredictedelectricfieldstrengthassociatedwiththeoperationoftheproposedtransmissionlineat1m(3.3ft)abovegroundwillbe<7kV/m(2.1kV/ft)overpublicroadsand<llkV/m(3.4kV/ft)overallotherareas.Thepredictedelectricfieldstrengthat1m(3.3ft)abovegroundatalllocationsalongtheeasternedgeoftheROWwillbe<1.6kV/m(0.49kV/ft).ThepredictedsoundlevelsattheedgeoftheROWareminimal(approximately52dBA)andareconsistentwiththosefoundonother345-kVROWsthataresuccessfullyoperatedbyNMPCandotherutilitiesintheU.S.AtUnit2,thenewtransmissionlinewillterminatedirectlyatastructureforthehigh-voltageterminalsofthegeneratorstep-uptransformer.TheproposedScribaStation,whichwillserveasanintermediatetransmissionstation,willbeconstructed3~71 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSapproximately305m(1,000ft)southofLakeRoadandwithintheROWfortheNineMile2-Volney345-kVtransmissionline.WithintheScribaswitchyardwillbea345-kV'breakerandhalftransmissionstation,whichwillterminatetransmissionlinesfromNineMilePointUnits1and2,plustwotransmissionlinesfromVolneyStation.OneoftheScriba-VolneytransmissionlinesandthetransmissionlinefromUnit2willbenewconstruction.Alsoincludedat,ScribaStationwillbea345/115-kVtransformerbank,withassociated115-kVequipment,tosupplyoffsitepowertoUnit.2andtheJamesA.FitzPatrickPlantviaoverhead115-kVtransmissionlines.AfterexitingtheproposedScribaStation,thenewtransmissionlinewillproceedinasoutherlydirectionfor14.35km(8.9mi)andterminateattheexistingVolneyStation.3.7.2BasicStructuralDesignParametersTheprincipalsupportingstructuresoftheproposedNineMile2-Volney345-kVtransmissionlinewillbewood-pole,H-framestructures.Latticesteeltowers(galvanizedstructuralsteel)willbeutilizedatanglelocations.ThesestructuretypesareillustratedonFigures3.7-2-and3.7-3.Thefoundationmaterialforthewood-pole,H-framestructureswillconsistofanauger-dughole,backfilledwithcrushedstone.Foundationsforthesteeltoweranglestructureswillconsistofgalvanizedstructuralsteelgrillages.Thedesignstandardsforthestructuresoftheline(woodorsteel)willmeetorexceedallrequirementsoftheNationalElectricSafetyCode(NESC)forGradeBconstruction'~'.Thestructureswillbespacedatintervalsontheaverageof213m(700ft),requiringapproximatelysevenstructurespercircuitmile.Typicalstructureheightwillbeapproximately26m(85ft),withtallerpolesinstalledwherenecessarytomaintainrequiredclearances.Actualspanswillvaryinlengthdependingupontopographicalconditions,withminimumspacingofapproximately183m'600ft)andmaximumspacingofapproximately305m(1,000ft).Theconductorwillbe1,192.5KCM26/7aluminum,steel-reinforcedconductorcontaining26'strandsofaluminumand7strandsofsteel,andwillhaveanoveralldiameterof3.3cm(1.3in)withanultimatestrengthof15,059kg(33,200lb).Sixconductors(twoperphase)willbe3~72 NineMilePoint-Unit2ER-OLSinstalledonthetransmissionline.,Theconductortensionwillbe4,536kg(10,000lb)persubconductorunderNESCheavy-loadingconditions.Theoverheadgroundwire(shieldwire)willbe1.12cm(0.44in)extra-high-strength,7-wiregalvanizedsteelstrand,whichhasanultimatestengthof9,435kg(20,800lb).Twooverheadgroundwireswillhaveatensionof2,722kg(6,000lb)underNESCheavy-loadingconditions.Theinsulatorassemblywillemploybrown-glazeporcelainsuspensioninsulatorsonwood-polestructuresandgreyglazeonsteeltowers,withgalvanizedferrousintegralhardware.TheinsulatordesignwillconformwiththeappropriatestandardsoftheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.3.7.3Right-of-WayDescriptionTheproposedNineMile2-Volney345-kVtransmissionlinewillbepartofanexistingtransmissionlinecorridoroccupiedbythefollowinglines:1.NineMilePoint-ClayNo.9345-kVline.2.NineMilePoint-ClayNo.8345-kVline.3.NineMilePoint-LighthouseHillNo.4115-kV-line;4.Oswego-NineMilePointNo.1115-kVline.TherelationshipbetweenthiscorridorandotherelectricandgascorridorsintheregionisillustratedonFigure3.7-4.TheexistingUnit2-VolneyROWconsistsofafee-owned,152-m(500-ft)widecorridor(Figure3.7-5).TheexistinglinesaregenerallylocatedonthecenterandwesternportionsofthisROW.Thereexists,therefore,availableareaalongtheeasternedgeofthe152-m(500-ft)corridorforthenewline.Foradistanceofapproximately6.45km(4mi)southfromtheUnit2site,thewesternportionoftheexistingROWisoccupiedbythetwo115-kVlinesidentifiedpreviously,whichprovideoffsitepowercapabilitytoNMPC'sNineMilePointUnitl.IthasbeenproposedthattheNineMile2-Volney345-kVlineutilizetheavailableareaalongtheeasternedgeoftheexistingcorridorforitsentirelength.Thenew345-kVlinewilldirectlyparallelthetwoexisting345-kVlines30.5m(100ft)totheeastoftheeasternmost3~73 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS345-kVcenterli'nefromUnit2totheVolneyStation.ThisalignmentwillnotrequireacquisitionofadditionalROW.3.7.4CompliancewithLocal,State,andFederalRegulationsInApril1982,NMPCfiledanamendedapplicationwiththeNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSC)foraCertificateofEnvironmentalCompatibilityandPublicNeed,pursuanttoArticleVIIofthePublic'erviceLaw.CertificationoftheNineMile2-Volney345-kVtransmissionlinebythePSCisanticipatedbyApril1983.Nootherlocal,state,orfederalapprovalsarerequiredwithrespecttotheconstruction,operation,andmaintenanceoftheproposedtransmissionfacilites.3.7.5EnvironmentalManagementandConstructionPlansArticleVIIofthePublicServiceLaw[Part86.5(3)-86.5(9)]requiresinformationconcerningtheenvironmentalimpactofconstruction,restoration,andmanagementofthetransmissionfacility.Detailsontheenvironmentalimpactofconstruction,restoration,andmanagementofthetransmissionfacilitywillbeprovidedintheEnvironmentalManagementandConstructionPlan(EMRCP),whichwillbepreparedbyNMPCaftercertificationoftheroutebythePSC.AgeneraldiscussionaddressingtheserequirementsisprovidedinSection5.6.1.3.3.7-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OZ,S3.7.6Reference1.NationalBureauofStandardsHandbookNo.81,6thedition,Washington,DC,1961.3.7-5

~~'-i,.$':ya"....'"h~l~~lO18teltlI,'e~tIIIIINEtltI~ll,II.~UAGE,nrNi',)-:i;EXhIbitII.,k(;,J,d(,,()',>aj"i')e""LEGENDH~leekAttNIeeeeAeTteetertesettGeeggsceceeJceeeeI/84~eeaeaecartelgeeet~2tt'T.e.;I,(,a"\I)!aaI~AAt,~'a'!},.'taaNERATINGSTATION,-':~'aegaJ';a'I':.1TTe'lOTi'ggq-;i~t(((,rg...g~S='.~jQ.Ainc'-l-'Iu'V'~('~Q~ea4~~,.3<<,~I,ta't4aI,e'ayg'lL4');,.'T.,~e~taS(~rIalLeeVQLNGTltaA,eee.'",,I'tjQQJ'A,-(,!.I',.-'(:-<-('Pra:~t'elearntI(et,alt..aaj,Pv('pe3fj,Na'ORTH~t~Tee~4a'a'llSCALEI~'Aa'+IFIGURE3.7-1UNIT2-VOLNEY345-KVTRANSMISSIONFACILITYNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS 0

6l~13'-0"13'0"53I0\I131Qlt13IQl~26'-0"26lQI~Ql~GROUNDLINE*ADDITIONALHEIGHTMAYBEUTILIZEDWHERENECESSARYTOMAINTAINREQUIREDCLEARANCE**APPROXIMATEDIAMETEROFWOODPOLESATGROUNDLINEIS19".FIGURE3.7-2TWOPOLETANGENT"H"FRAME345KVNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS 0

47'-6"31'-6"27'-0"GRIDLINE31'-4"+(TYPICAL)*ADDITIONALHEIGHTMAYBEUTILIZEDWHERENECESSARYTOMAINTAINREQUIREDCLEARANCEFIGURE3.7-3SINGLECIRCUITSTEEL60'NGLESQUAREBASED.E.TOWER345KVNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NIN2MILKPOINT~CNTNPLANTUNlt41A2JAM44A.PIT2PATNICN~UtyttPLANTIS.Eyg~~IOIIIOjiyo~%LLO~1NFIT410%~OTL~T4I~S%ILLLoITIIIIIIlOA/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~TOTI~I~IIIII1!cIz<>a.Lz..1I1I'1-II-M44~ataat1442NLINt0LLIAOI0%%~0%00<ueoot4$04.+LOI0AIAeLLI~4~~a\Iv~~LI~%4ILITI~IIIOlII44%40IIIIIIIIIIIII,Q=/IIIIII~a%I%I%~CI00%~TOOT~4~4%IOyIIIIIILEGEND345KVLINETTSKVLINEPAOPOSEOFACILITIES~GASLINE~O~OOIntA4lCNPNO*CAIll"olg0ltUlyZIIIIIIIIIyy02ACALtINMILt4FIGURE37-4SYSTEMRELATIONSHIPNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

WESTEDGEEXISTINGCORRIDOR500'ASTEDGEEXISTING115KVEXISTING115KVEXISTING345KVEXISTING345KVNEW345KV100'0'IGURE3.7-5EXISTINGUNIT2-VOLNEYRIGHT-OF-WAYNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS E

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS3.8TRANSPORTATIONOFRADIOACTIVEMATERIALS3.8.1OnsiteStorageofIrradiatedFuelTheonsiteirradiatedfuelstoragefacilityhasthecapacitytostoreapproximately3,400fuelbundles.Refuelingofthereactorwilltakeplaceapproximatelyevery18months,withapproximately35percentofthecore,or260fuelassemblies,replacedduringeachrefuelingperiod.3.8.2TreatmentandPackagingProceduresforRadioactiveWastesThecollection,processing,andpackagingofsolidradioactivewastematerialsaredescribedinSection3.5.3.SolidradioactivewastematerialwillbepackagedandshippedoffsiteforproperdisposalatNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)licensedradioactivewastedisposalfacilities.DisposalfacilitiescurrentlyavailabletoUnit2arelocatedinBarnwell,SC;Beatty,NV;andRichland,WA.ContainersthatmeetappropriateNRCandU.S.-DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)requirementswillbeusedforthepackagingofradioactivewastes.Thesecontainersprovidetherequiredcontainmentofwastesduringnormalandaccidenttransportconditions,aswellassufficient.shieldingforlow-levelradioactivewasteshipments.Additionalcontainershielding,probablyintheformofconcreteorleadpacks,willbeusedifrequiredfortheshipmentofhigh-levelradioactivewastes.ItisanticipatedthatthemajorityofthesolidwastesproducedatUnit2willbeoflowspecificactivity.Thislimitedconcentration,plusthesolidifiednatureofthewastes,willensurethatnoadverseenvironmentaleffectswilloccurduringtransportation.Solidwastesgeneratedwithhighspecificactivityareshippedinspecialcontainers(identifiedbyDOTasTypeBpackaging),whicharedesignedto.withstandthevariousaccidentconditionsspecifiedinNRCandDOTregulations.Thecontainerswillminimizetheenvironmentalimpactofanaccidentduringthetransportationofhigh-levelradioactivewastes.TheanticipatedmodeoftransportationforsolidradioactivewastesfromUnit2isbyuseoflegal-weightandlicensedtrucksorrailcasks.ThenumberofannualshipmentsislistedinTable3.5-12.3.8-1 NineMilePointUnit2*ER-OI.S3.8.3TransportationofFreshandIrradiatedFuelNewfuelfortheinitialcorewillbeshippedbytrucktothesitefromtheGeneralElectricfuelfabricationplantinWilmington,NC.Futurereloadprocurementplanshavenotbeenfinalized;however,possiblesuppliersincludeGeneralElectric,Westinghouse,andExxonNuclear.New-fuelshippingcontainershavebeendesignedandconstructedtomeetapplicableNRCandDOTrequirements.Atypicalcontainerwhichisdesignedtoholdtwonew-fuelassembliesweighs1,273kg(2,800lb)inaloadedcondition.Theloadedcontainerswillbeshippedtothestationbylegal-weighttruck.Duetoweightlimitations,eachtruckonlyhasthecapacityfor16containersloadedwith32new-fuelassemblies.Eachrefueling,atapproximately18-monthintervals,willrequireapproximatelyninetruckshipmentsofnewfuel.Theseshipmentswillberoutedbythemostdirectroute,wheneverpossible,tominimizetheprobabilityofaccidents.Thenew-fuelcontainerswillbefurnishedbythenuclearfuelsupplier,and,afterthefreshfuelhasbeenunloaded,theemptycontainerswillbereturnedtothefuelfabricationplantforreuse.IThenew-fuelshippingcontainerisacushioned,metalcontainersupportedwithinanouterwoodenbox,designedtoprotectthenewassembliesfromphysicaldamageduetonormalhandlingandshippingvibrations.Becausethenewfuel(uraniumoxide)containsnofissionproductsorradioactivegases,theexternalradiationwillbeinsignificant.Theresultsofanaccident,evenifthefuelshouldbedamaged,wouldbeonlytheeconomicloss.AsdiscussedinSection3.8.1,theonsiteirradiatedfuelstoragefacilityhasthecapacitytostoretheirradiatedfuelbundlesfromseveralrefuelingcycles.Theirradiatedfuelwillbeallowedtodecayintheonsiteirradiatedfuelstoragefacilityforaminimumof90dayspriortobeingshippedoffsite.Whenitbecomesnecessarytoshipspentfueloffsite,itwillbeshippedbytruckortraintoafacilityforreprocessingordisposal.Atypicalspent-fuelshippingtruckcaskcanholdfourirradiatedBWRfuelassemblies.Therefore,approximately65truckshipmentswouldberequiredevery18monthstoremovedischargedspentfuel.Atypicalrailcaskcanholdapproximately24irradiatedBWRfuelassemblies;therefore,approximately11railshipmentswouldberequiredevery3.8-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-ODS18monthstoremovedischargedspentfuel.Allofthesecasksaremassive,andtheirpayload-to-caskweightratiqipextremelylow(1to4percent).About90percentofthecaskweightistheradiationshielding,withsupplementalweightintheauxiliarycoolingequipmentandadditionalstructuralmaterialnecessarytomeet'thestringentqhippi,ngrequirements.NRCandDOTregulationsestablishperfqrmancestandardsforradioactiveshippingcontainerdesigns.Onlyspent-fuelcasksthathavebeendesignedandliqqnsedinaccordancewithNRCandDOTregulationswillbeusedtoshipspentfuelfromUnit2.3.8-3

NineMile.PointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER4ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFCONSTRUCTIONPConstructionimpactswereidentifiedandevaluatedduringtheconstructionpermitstage'.Furtherinformationontheplantcooling'systemand'horelineprotectionwasprovidedtotheNRCaftersubmissionoftheER-CPS.Thecoolingsystemwasaltered'yincorporationofanatural-draftcoolingtower(NDCT),withrelatedintakeanddischargesystemmodifications.Thealterationwas'eportedtotheNRC"andwasevaluatedandfoundacceptablebytheNRC<>>>.IArevetment-ditchsystemwasaddedatthesitetopreventfloodi:ngandshorelineerosion'.Therevetm'entisdesignedtowithstandseverewaveactionresultingfromtheoccurrenceoftheprobablemaximumwindstorm.Adiscussionofthissystemisprovidedin'anNMPCreport'"'.'napplication'ora"'permittobuild"thesystemhasbeensubmittedtothe'ArmyCorpsofEngineersandtheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation.ThedetailedplanregardingconstructionoftherevetmentditchwasprovidedtotheNRCinaletterdatedJune28,1979' NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSReferences1.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2,ApplicantsEnvironmentalReport-ConstructionPermitStage.NRCDocketNo.50-410,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,June1972.2.ReportonCirculatingWaterCoolingSystemEmployingaNaturalDraftCoolingTower,Nine,MilePointNuclearStationUnit2.NRCDocketNo.50-410,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,July1976..~13.NuclearRegulatoryCommission.EvaluationoftheEnvironmentalEffectsDuetotheChangeinCoolingSystemsatNineMilePointUnit2fromaOnce-ThroughSystemtoaClosedCycleSystemUtilizingaNaturalDraftCoolingTower-RelatedtotheOperationofNineMilePointNuclearStation-Unit2,NRCDocketNo.50-410,April1981.,4.Design.andAnalysisMethodforRevetment-DitchSystem,.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2,NRCDocketNo.50-410,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,August1977.5.LetterfromG.K.Rhode,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,toH.Denton,NuclearRegulatoryCommission,June28,1979.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER5ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFSTATIONOPERATIONTABLEOFCONTENTSSection5.15.1.15.1.25.1.35.25.2.15.2.1.15'.2.1.25.2.25';2.2.15.2.2.25.2.2.35.2.2.45.2.2.55.35.3.15.3.1.15.3.5.3.5.3.5'.5.3.5.3.1.21.2.11.2.21.2.31.2.41.2.55.3.1.1.15.3.1.1.25.3.1.1.3TitleLANDUSEIMPACTSTheSiteandVicinityTransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasHistoricandArcheologicalSitesHYDROIOGICALALTERATIONS,PLANTWATERSUPPLY,ANDWATERUSEIMPACTSHydrologicalAlterationsandPlantWaterSupplyHydrologicAlterationsPlantWaterNeedsandAvailableWaterSuppliesWaterUseImpactsAnalysisoftheHydrologicAltera-tionsPosingPotentialImpactstoWaterUseandAvailability-AnalysisofWaterQualityChangesandPotentialImpactstoWaterUseMitigatingMeasuresUnavoidableImpactsIrreversibleandIrretrievableCommitmentofResourcesCOOLINGSYSTEMIMPACTSIntakeSystemHydrodynamicDescriptionandPhysicalImpactsHydrodynami'cDescriptionofAffectedAreaTheoreticalFrameworkofMathematicalModelStreamlinesandVelocityDistributionAquaticImpactsPhytoplanktonMicrozooplanktonMacrozooplanktonIchthyoplanktonBenthos5-iPacae'.1-15.1-15.1-25.1-2~5.2-15.2-15.2-15.2-25.2-25.2-25.2-45.2-45'-55.2-55.3-15.3-15.3-15.3-15.3-15.3-45.3-6~5.3-65.3-75.3~75.3-85.3-11 Nine-MilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER5TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section5.3.1.2.65.3.25.3.2.15.3.2.1.15.3.2.1.25.3.2.1.35.3.25.3.25.3'5.3.25.3.25.3.2.1.4.2.2.1.2.2.2.3.35.3.35.3.3.15.3.3.1.15.3.3.1.1.15.3.3.1.1.25'.3.1.1.55.3.3.1.1.65.3.35.3.35'.3.1.2~1.3.1.45.3.35.3.35.3.3.2.2.1.2.25.3.3.1.1.35.3.3.1.1.4TitleFishDischargeSystemThermalDescriptionandPhysicalImpactsHydrothermalDescriptionof,AffectedAreaTheoreticalFrameworkofMathematicalModel,IsothermsandVelocityVectorDataInteractionwithOtherDischargesAquaticImpactsoftheDischargeBenthosPlanktonNektonPlantShutdownHeat"'DissipationSystemHeatDissipationtotheAtmospherePredictionsoftheFollowingImpactsfortheAffectedSiteandVicinityLocationsAdditionalAmountsofGround-LevelFoggingandIcingTransportationImpactAnnualand/orMonthlyAmountofDriftDepositioning/sqmorDriftConcentrationinmg/cumCloudDevelopmentandCloudShadowingWeatherModificationinTermsofIncreasedPrecipitationHumidityIncreaseInteractionoftheHeatDissipationSystemPlumewithExistingPollutantsUnusualHeatDissipationSystemImpactsMitigatingActionsSummaryofUnavoidableAdverseImpactsImpactstoTerrestrialEcosystemsInducedIcingonVegetationEffectsofChemicalDischargesonVegetationPa<ac5.3-125.3-195.3-19;"5.3-195.3-205.3-235.3-275.3-295.3-29;5.3-295.3-315.3-335.3-335.3-335.3-335.3-335.3-355.3-375.3-385.3-395.3-395.3-405..3-415.3-415.3-415.3-415.3-41 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER5TABLEOF,CONTENTS(Cont)Section5.3.3.2.35.3.4TitleEffectsofHeatDissipationSys-temOperationonWildlifeReferencesPacae5.3-445.3-495.45.4.15.4.1.15.4.1.1.15.4.1.1.25.4.1.1.35.4.1.25.4.1.2.15.4.1.2.25.4.1'.35.4.25.4.2.-15.4.2.25.4.2.35'.2.3.15'.2.3.25.4.35.4.3.15.4..3.25.4.3.35.4.45.4.4.15.4.4.25.4.4.35.4.4.45.4.4.4.15.4.4.4.25.4.55.4.'65.55.5.15.5.25.5.2,15.5.2.1.1RADIOLOGICALIMPACTFROMROUTINEOPERATIONExposurePathwaysExposureofFloraandFaunaGaseousPathwaysLiquidPathwaysDirectRadiationExposureofManGaseousPathwaysLiquidPathwaysDirectExposureRadioactivityintheEnvironmentRadioactivityinSurfaceWatersRadioactivityinAirRadionuclideConcentrationsLiquidEffluentsGaseousEffluentsDoseRateEstimatesforBiotaOtherthanManDosesthroughGaseousPathwaysDosesthroughLiquidPathwaysDirect,RadiationDosesDoseRateEstimatesforManLiquidPathwaysGaseousPathwaysDirectRadiationfromFacilityAnnualPopulationDosesEighty-Kilometer(Fifty-Mile)RadiusPopulationDosesContiguousU.S.PopulationDosesSummaryofAnnualRadiationDosesReferenceNONRADIOLOGICALWASTESYSTEM'IMPACTSIdentificationofNonradiologicalEffluentDischargesCompliancewithEffluentStandardsDischargestoWaterCoolingSystemDischarge5.4-15.4-15.4-15.4-15.4-25.4-25.4-25.4-35.4-55.4-55.4-55.4-5,5.4-55.4-5.5.4-65.4-75.4-75.4-75.4-75.4-85.4-85.4-85.4-9.5.4-9I5.4-95.4-9,5.4-95.4-115.5-15.5-1.5.5-1'.5-1;5.5-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER5TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section5.5.2.1.25,5.2.1.35.5.2.1.45.5.2.25.5.2.35.5.35.5.3.15.5.3.25.5.3.35.5.45.5.55.5.6TitleTreatedSanitaryEffluentStormWater,Roof,andYardDrainageFloorDrainageDischargestoAirDischargestoLandImpactsAssociatedwith'Nonradio-logicalEffluentDischargesDischargestoWaterDischargestoAirSolidWasteLandImpactsUnavoidableAdverseImpactsIrreversibleandIrretrievableCommitmentofResourcesReferencesPacae5.5-35.5-35.5-35.5-45.5-45.555.5-'55.5-65.5-65.5-75.5-75.5-85.65'.15.6.1.15.6.1.25.6.1.35.6.25'.2.15.6.35.6.3.15.6.3."25.6.3.35.6.3.45.6.4TRANSMISSIONSYSTEMIMPACTSTerrestrialImpactonFloraImpactonFaunaRight-of-WayManagementAquaticIdentificationofOperationalandMaintenanceActivitiesAssociatedwithTransmissionFacilitiesTransmissionSystemImpactstoManLandUseImpactAudibleNoisefromTransmissionLinesMeanstoReduceImpactsofTrans-missionSystemsMaintenancePracticestoReduceVisualImpactsReferences5.6-15.6-15.6-15.6-15.6-35.6-65.6-65.6-65.6-65.6-75.6-75~6-85.6-105.7URANIUMFUELCYCLEIMPACTS5.7-15.85.8.15.8.1.15.8.1.25.8.1.3SOCIOECONOMICIMPACTSPhysicalImpactsLandUseImpactsNonradioactiveGaseousEmissionsPotentialAdverseImpactsDuetoNoise5~8-15.8-15.8-15.8-15.8-2 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLS~CHAPTER5TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section5.8.25.8.2.15.8.2.25.95.9.15.9.25.9.2.1F9.2'.25.9.2.35.9.35'.4TitleSocialandEconomicDirectImpactofStationOperationImpactsAssociatedwithOperatingStaffDECOMMISSIONINGANDDISMANTLINGPlansandPoliciesforActiontobeTakenattheEndofthePlant'sUseful,LifeDecommissioningPlansasDescribedinRegulatoryGuide1.86MonetaryCostsSiteConditionAfterDecommissioningandDismantlingAmountofLandIrretrievablyCommittedSummaryofAdverseEnvironmentalImpactsCommitmentofResourcesfortheSitePacae5.8-45.8-45.8-45.9-15.9-15.9-15.9-15.9-25.9-25.9-25.9-25.105.10.15.10'5.10.35.10.45.10.55.10.65.10.75.10.85.10.9APPENDIXSAMEASURESANDCONTROLSTOLIMITADVERSEIMPACTSNoiseImpactsErosionImpactsofEffluentsandWastesonWaterQualitySurfaceWaterImpactsGroundwaterImpactsTerrestrialEcosystemImpactsAquaticEcosystemImpactsSocioeconomicImpactsOtherSite-SpecificImpactsDOSECALCULATIONMODELSANDASSUMPTIONS5.10-15.10-15.10-15.10-25.10-25.10-35.10-35.10-35.10-45.10-45-v NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER5LISTOFTABLESTableNumber5.1-15.3-15.3-25.3-3TitleAREAREQUIREDFORCONSTRUCTIONOFUNIT2PROJECTEDTOTALENTRAINED,TOTALINWATERBODYSEGMENT,ANDPERCENTCROPPINGOFGAMMARUSFASC-IATUS,NINEMILEPOINTUNIT2PROJECTEDTOTALENTRAINEDANDPERCENTCROPPINGOFALEWIFEEGGSATNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2PROJECTEDTOTALENTRAINEDANDPERCENTCROPPINGOFALEWIFELARVAEATNINEMILEPOINTUNIT25.3-45.3>>55.3-6PROJECTEDTOTALENTRAINEDANDPERCENTCROPPINGOFRAINBOWSMELTIARVAEATNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2ESTIMATEDMEANMONTHLYANDTOTALYEARLYIM-PINGEMENTFORSELECTEDSPECIES,NINEMILEPOINTUNIT1ESTIMATEDTOTALENTRAPMENTANDMORTALITYFORSELECTEDSPECIES,NINEMILEPOINTUNIT25.3-75.3-85.3-95.3-105.4-1.STANDINGSTOCKESTIMATESFORALEWIFEANDRAINBOWSMELTINTHENYSDECOSWEGOSECTOR,ALLOFNEWYORKSTATE'SWATERTO110M(360FT),ANDTHETOTALU.S.LAKEAREAPREDICTINGSURFACEDILUTIONANDTNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2PREDICTEDPLUMEVELOCITIESATNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2GROUND-LEVELINCREASESINAMBIENTREIATIVEHUMIDITY(RH)DUETOTHEOPERATIONOFTHENATURAL-DRAFTCOOLINGTOWERATNINEMILEPOINTCOMPARISONOFMAXIMUMCALCULATEDDOSESFROMUNIT2WITHAPPENDIXIDESIGNOBJECTIVES NineMilePointUnit-2ER-OLSCHAPTER5LISTOFTABLES(Cont)TableNumber5.4-25.4-35.4-45.4-55.4-65.4-75.4-85.4-9TitleESTIMATEDRADIONUCLIDECONCENTRATESINEFFLUENTANDRECEIVINGWATEREQUILIBRIUM'IOACCUMUIATIONFACTORSFOR.AQUATICBIOTAINFRESHWATER.DESPOSITIONOFRADIONUCLIDESONSOILCONCENTRATIONOFRADIONUCLIDESINVEGETATIONANNUALCALCULATEDEXTERNALDOSERATESTOBIOTAOTHERTHANMANFROMREACTOROPERATIONSANNUALCALCULATEDINTERNALDOSERATESTOBIOTAOTHERTHANMANFROMROUTINEREACTOROPERATIONSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUAL'NTHEADULTGROUPFROMLIQUIDEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHETEENGROUPFROMLIQUIDEFFLUENTS5.4-105.4-115.4-1'35.4-145.4-15ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHECHILDGROUPFROMLIQUIDEFFLUENTSANNUAIDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEINFANTGROUPFROMLIQUIDEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEADULTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHETEENGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHECHILDGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEINFANTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER5LIST.OFTABLES'(Cont)TableNumberTitle5.4-165.4-175.4-185.4-195.4-205.4-215.4-225.4-235.4-245.4-255.5-15.5-25.8-15.8-2ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEADULTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHETEENGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHECHILDGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEINFANTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEADULTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHETEENGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHECHILDGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEINFANTGROUPFORMGASEOUSEFFLUENTSCALCULATEDANNUALDOSESFORPOPULATIONWITHIN80-KM(50-MI)RADIUSCALCULATEDPOPULATONDOSECOMMITMENTCOMPARISONOFUNIT2COMBINEDPLANTEFFLUENT,LAKEONTARIOWATERQUALITYATNINEMILEPOINT,ANDBIOLOGICALEFFECTSFORSELECTEDCHEMICALCONSTITUENTSPROPOSEDWATERQUALITYCRITERIATOPROTECTFRESHWATERAQUATICLIFECOMPARISONOFMEASUREDAMBIENTNOISELEVELSWITHPREDICTEDUNIT2NOISELEVLSESTIMATEDREALESTATEANDPERSONALPROPERTYTAXESTOBEPAIDONUNIT2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER5LISTOFFIGURESFigureNumber5.2-15.3-15.3-25.3-35.3-4TitlePLOTPLANREVETMENT-DITCHSTREAM-LINEPATTERNSBASEDONYEARLYINTAKE-DISCHARGEFLOWSATNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2(NOLAKECURRENT)INDUCEDVEIOCITYPATTERNSATNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2(NOLAKECURRENT)STREAM-LINEPATTERNSBASEDONYEARLYINTAKE-DISCHARGEFLOWSATNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2(WITHA15CM/SW-ELAKECURRENT)DISCHARGEDIFFUSER5.3-5AVIEWOFTHEPLANECONTAININGTHECENTERLINEOFAROUNDBUOYANTJETDISCHARGINGINTOWATEROFFINITEDEPTH5.3-65.3-75.3-85'-15'-2PREDICTEDTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTION-VERTICALSECTIONALONGCENTERLINE,ANNUALAVERAGECONDITIONPREDICTEDTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTION-VERTICALSECTIONALONGCENTERLINE,SUMMERWORSTCONDITIONPREDICTEDTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTION-VERTICALSECTIONALONGCENTERLINE,WINTERWORSTCONDITIONEXPOSUREPATHWAYSTOORGANISMSOTHERTHANMANEXPOSUREPATHWAYSTOMAN5-ix

Nine,.Mile.PointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER5ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFSTATIONOPERATION5.1LANDUSEIMPACTS5.1.1TheSiteandVicinityPrincipalonsitelandusesduringstationoperationwillbeinthecategoriesofutilities,transportation,andcommunication.Mainplantstructuresandthecoolingtoweroccupyapproximately9.3ha(22.9acres),or-2.6percentofthetotalsiteareaof364ha(900acres).Hectarescommittedtomajorplantstructuresaregiven'inTable5.1-1.Ofthis9.3ha(22.9acres),accessroadsoccupyapproximately3.41ha(8.43acres);onsitetransmissioncorridorsandswitchyards,0.71ha(1.74acres):IandusesinthevicinityofUnit2arenotexpectedtobesignificantlyaffectedbytheplant'soperation.Thecharacterofthevegetationandtopographythroughouttheareasurroundingthestationisexpectedtoscreenorblockmostviewsofthefacilityfromresidential,recreational,orother-sensitivelanduseareas'ection5.3.3.1indicatesthatvisibleplumesfromthecoolingtowercouldextendbeyondadistanceof1.6km(1mi).Sinceitisexpectedthatthevisibleplumewillrarelydescendbelowheightsof91.4m(300ft)abovegroundandwillnotimpingeuponthegroundsurface,itisnotlikelytocreategroundfoggingoricing.Agriculture.inthesitevicinitywillbesubjecttominimalornoimpacts.asaresultofstationoperation.Deliveriestothestationareexpectedtoarrivebytruckandrailtransport.Sinceimpactsonlocaltransportationfacilitieswereminimalduringthehigherlevelofactivitywhichoccurredduringplantconstruction,itisexpectedthattherewillbenosignificantimpactsontransportationresourcesduringoperation.Operationspersonnelareexpectedtonumberapproximately300andwillbehired,totheextentpossible,fromthelocalarea.AlloperationspersonnelareexpectedtoresideincommunitiesthroughouttheregionsurroundingUnit2.Asaresult,impactsonlandusewillbedispersedandthereforeminimized.5.1-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.1.2TransmissionCorridorsandOffsiteAreasTransmissioncorridorsandoffsiteareasarediscussedinSection2.2.2.Anexistingright-of-way(ROW)wasutilizedfortheconstructionoftheNineMile2-Volney345-kVtransmissionline.Thereshouldbenoadverseimpactsassociatedwithmaintenanceoftheline,sinceexistinglocalroadsandaccessroadswillbeused.Farmingandgrazinglandcrossedbythetransmissionlineswillnotbesignificantlyimpacted,astheseactivitieswillbeabletocontinuewith,atmost,short-termdisruptionsformaintenanceactivitiesandminorlong-terminconveniencesonfarmingoperationsduetothepresenceoftransmissionstructuresinthefields.5.1.3HistoricandArcheologicalSitesNoneofthehistoricallyorarcheologicallysignificantsitesdiscussedinSection2.5.3willbedirectlyaffected,relocated,orremovedbytheoperationofUnit2.AsdiscussedinSection3.1,vegetationandtopographyscreenorblockviewsofstationfacilitiesfrommostvisuallysensitivesitesintheUnit2vicinity.Ofthehistoricalsitesinthevicinity,ofUnit2,thecoolingtowerwillonlybevisiblefromFortOntario.'isitorstoFortOntariowillnotbeadverselyaffected,however,bytheviewofthetower.Historicsitesintheareaarelisted'nTables2.5-34and3.1-1.Section2.5.3discusseshistoric.andarcheologicalsitesalongthetransmission-ROW.Thesesiteswillnotbedisturbedduringoperation.Whenmaintenanceisrequirednearahistoricorarcheologicalsite,theguidelinesfollowedduringconstructiontominimizeimpactsandpreservethesesiteswillbeadheredto.5.1-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.1-1AREAREQUIREDFORCONSTRUCTIONOFUNIT2ConstructionFacilitiesand~SupyortHectaresAcresConstructionshopsandwarehousesBatchplantandgravelareaConstructionofficesConstructionlaydownParkingOtherconstructionfacilitiesSpoilpilesTotal0.863.920.6032.114.220.254.7746.732.129.651.4979.3510.440.6211.79115'6Unit2FacilitiesandSuortReactorbuildingTurbinebuildingHeaterbaysScreenwellandpumpingbuildingRadwastebuildingControlbuildingAdministrativebuildingCoolingtowerRoadsandrailroads345-kVswitchyard115-kVswitchyardRiprapOthersupportfacilitiesTotal0.250.410.160.270.190.140.251.493.410.580.131.290.729.290.611.020.400.660.460.340.623.698.431.430.313.191.7822.94TotalSiteDisturbedbConstructionConstructionfacilitiesandsupportUnit2facilityandsupportTotal46.739.2956.02115.4622.94138.401of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.2HYDROLOGICALALTERATIONS,PIANTWATERSUPPLY,ANDWATERUSEIMPACTS5.2.1HydrologicalAlterationsandPlantWaterSupply5.2.1.1HydrologicalAlterationsStationoperationwillnotsignificantlyalterthehy-drologicalcharacteristicsofLakeOntario.Waterissup-pliedfromanintakestructureinLakeOntariotothestationservicewatersystemandcoolingwatersystemasdescribedindetailinSections3.3and3.4,respectively.Theaveragerateofwaterwithdrawalfromthelakeis3,4451/s(54,605'pm);andthemaximumrateis3,7591/s(59,586gpm).Theapproachvelocityattheintakestructureis0.15m/s(0.5fps).Theinducedvelocityinthewateraroundtheintakeisestimatedtobereducedto0.03m/s(0.1fps)within3m(10ft)ofthestructure.WaterisreturnedtoLakeOntarioviaadischargestructure.asdescribedinSection3.4.Theaveragedischargeflowrateisapproximately1,817l/s(28,800gpm),andthemaximumdischargeflowrateisapproximately2,2101/s(35,040gpm).Sincethequantitiesofwaterwithdrawnanddischargedareextremelysmallcomparedtothesizeofthelake,thereisnosignificantalterationtothe.circulationpatternofthelake.Consumptivewateruse,principallyduetoevaporativelossesfromthecooling,tower,alsohasanegligibleeffectonLakeOntariodueto,thesizeofthelake(approximately6.8x10'umf2.4x10'uft])andtheflowthroughtheGreatLakessystem.Theaverageandmaximumevaporativelossesfromthestationareapproximately625and870l/s(9,900and13,800gpm),respectively,whiletheaverageflowthroughLakeOntarioandtheSt.LawrenceRiverisgreaterthan6.94x101/s(1.1x10gpm).Therevetment-ditchsystem(Figure5.2-1),whichprotectsthestationfromfloodingduetowaveactivityincludingtheeffectsofaprobablemaximumwindstorm,alsoprotectstheshorelinefromerosion.Thestructurefollowstheexistingshorelineand,therefore,willnotaltercurrentpatterns,significantlyaffectthelittoralzone,orcausesedimentation..Drainagepathsforsiterunoffhavebeenmodifiedduetotheplantdrainagesystemandtherevetment-ditchsystem.Intheimmediatevicinityoftheplant,thegradeisslopedtoaseriesofcollectionditchesandastormdrainsystem.Runoffcollected.bythissystemiscarriedbyadrainage5.2-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSditchtothepointwhereitisdischargedtothelakeattheeasternedgeofthesite.Overlandrunoffreachingtherevetment.-ditchsystemflowsintheditchtotheeastandisdischargedtothelakeattheeasternedgeofthestructure.Groundwaterisnotusedduringstationoperation.However,groundwaterisdrawndowninthevicinityoftheplantstructures.Nooffsiteeffectsareexpectedfromstationdewatering.FSARSection2.5.4providesadditionalin-formationongroundwater.5.2.1.2PlantWaterNeedsandAvailableWaterSuppliesThemajorityofstationwaterisusedfortheservicewatersystemandthecoolingwatersystem,andisdescribedindetailinSections3.3and3.4.Averageandmaximumcom-binedservicewaterandcoolingwaterrequirementsareap-proximately2,440and2,735l/s(38,700and43,350gpm),respectively.Averageandmaximumfishdiversionsystemwaterrequirementsare943and1,028l/s(14;950and16,300gpm),respectively.Thecirculatingwatersystemusestheservicewatersystemasasourceforthemakeuprequirementofapproximately1,580l/s(25,000gpm).SincetheserequirementsaremetbydrawingwaterfromLakeOntario'slargevolumeofwater,noimpacttootherLakeOn-tariowateruserswilloccur.Potablewaterrequirementsfordrinkingandsanitarypur-posesareestimatedtobeamaximumof3,7851/d(1,000gpd)~Thereisnoplannedexpansionthatwouldin-creasethisvalueovertheexpectedlifetimeoftheplant.ThiswaterisobtainedfromthecityofOswegowatersupply,whoseaveragedailydemandis2.12x10~1/d(5.6x10~gpd).SincetherequirementsforUnit.2aresmallcom-paredtothisvalue,therearenoimpactsupontheOswegowatersupply.5.2.2WaterUseImpacts5.2.2.1AnalysisoftheHydrologicAlterationsPosingPotentialImpactstoWaterUseandAvailabilitySurfaceWaterUnit2operationwillnothaveasignificantimpactonwateruseanditsavailabilitytotheNineMilePointregion.TheplantusesLakeOntariowater,mainlyforcooling,atarateof0.03percentoftheaverageflowthroughLakeOntario(Section5.2.1).Themaximumandminimumconsumptiveusages(exceptingevaporation),listedinTable3.3-2,areasmall5.2-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSfractio'nofthestationwateruse.Table3.3-1detailstheevaporativelossesassociatedwithplantcoolingwateruse(amaximumof0.871cum/sec[13,800gpm],aminimumof0.246cum/sec[3,900gpm))andlistsservicewaterandfishdiversionsyst:emmaximum,average,andminimummonthlyflowrates.LakeOntariowaterisusedfordrinkingwatersupply,indus-trialwatersupply,agriculturalwatersupply,commercialfishing,spor'tfishing,swimming,boating,andcommercialshipping,asdiscussedinSection2.3.2.Unit2operationwillnotimpacttheavailabilityofdrinking,agricultural,andindustrialwatersupplies,consideringthelowrateofconsumptionofLakeOntariowater(Section5.2.1).Noimpactonswimming,recreationalboating,orcommercialshippingwilloccurasaresultofUnit2operation.Thefacilityintakestructures,locatedapproximately304.8m(1,000ft)offshoreandapproximately146.3m(480ft)closertoshorethanthedischargestructure,arewellremovedfromanyswimmingrecreationaluse(Section2.1.3).Theintakestructures-(locatedatalesserdepththanthedischargestructure)aresubmerged3.05m(10ft)belowthemean"lowsurfacewaterelevation.Stationoperationwillnotchangesurfacewaterelevations,andnosignificant,al-terationofcirculationpatternsisexpected(Section5.2.1);thusrecreationalboatingwillnotbeaf-fectedbystationoperation.Commercialshippingvesselspassnocloserthan11.3km(7mi)fromtheintakeanddis-chargestructuresandwillnotbeaffectedbystationoperation(Section2.3.2).Commercialandsportfishingwateruseswillbeminimallyaf-fectedbyhydrologicalterationsresultingfromUnit2operation,withimpactsrestrictedtothedilutionzoneofthe'thermalplumeandlocalizedregionsoftheintakestructures.Standingstocksofcommerciallyandrec-reationallyimportant,specieswillbesubjecttoinsig-nificantalterations,asdiscussedindetailinSections5.3.1and5.3.2.GroundwaterGroundwaterisusedforpublicandprivatewatersuppliesbyseveralcommunitiesinOswegoCounty(Section2.3.2).Noothergroundwaterusehasbeenidentified.Unit2operationwillnotaffectthiswateruse.Nostationeffluentswillbedischargedtogroundwater.Anongoinggroundwaterdewateringprogramforthereactorcontainmentfoundationwillproduceaminorconeofdepression(Section5.2').5.2-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSinceallgroundwateruseoccursupgradientofthesiteandgroundwaterdischargeonsiteistowardthelake,nopresentoranticipatedgroundwateruseswillbeaffectedbystationoperation.5.2.2.2AnalysisofWaterQualityChangesandPotentialImpactstoWaterUseLakeOntariowaterusesthataresusceptibletoimpactsresultingfromstationoperation,duetochangesinwaterquality,includeswimming,drinking,agriculturalandindus-trialwaterconsumption,commercialfishing,andsportfishing.AsdiscussedinSections5.3and5.5,thermalandchemicalreleasesfromUnit2becomesignificantlydilutedwithinadefinedregion,wellbeforethepointofwithdrawalorusefordrinkingwater,agriculturalorindus-trialwatersupplies,orswimming.EffluentchemicalconstituentsfromUnit2arelargelynaturallakeconstituentsconcentratedinthecirculatingwatersystembyamaximumfactorof2.33andanaveragefac-torof1.67(Section3.6.1).Table3.6-1liststheconcen-trationsofimportantwaterqualityparametersattheedgeofthedilutionzoneofthethermalplumeandtheaverageconcentrationinNineMilePointregionalwaters'hereisaminorincreaseoftheseconcentrationsattheedgeofthedilutionzoneasaresultofstationoperation.Extensiveadditionaldilutionpriortowithdrawalorinsituusewillresultinanegligibleimpactofplantoperationonswimming,drinking,agricultural,andindustrialwateruses.Aquaticbiotawillbesubjecttoimpactsofheat,inducedflowpatterns,andelevatedconcentrationsofwaterqualityconstituentsinthedilutionzone(Sections5.3.2and5.5).However,asdiscussedinSection5.3.2,thedilutionzoneisanextremelysmallvolumefractionofthereceivingwaterbody,andwastesdischargedtothisvolumewillnotproduceasignificantimpactontheaveragestandingstockofcom-merciallyandrecreationallyimportantfishspecies.Consequently,therewillbenosignificant,impactstocom-mercialorrecreationalfishing.5.2.2.3MitigatingMeasuresImpactstoLakeOntariowateruseresultingfromtheoperationofthefacilityareminimal.Impactstoaquaticbiotaaremitigatedbythefishdiversionsystem(Section5.3.1).FurthermitigationoftheminorimpactsassociatedwiththewateruseofUnit2is,therefore,unwarranted.5.2-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.2.2.4UnavoidableImpactsTheunavoidableimpactstowateruseassociatedwithstationoperationareminor,consistingoftherestrictionofuseforbestpurposesqfLakeOntariowatersinthedilutionzonevolumeandlocalredistributionofsomefishspecies,basedon'heirthermalpreferencesandresponsestolocalcirculationpatternsproducedbytheplume.Inaddition,aminimalfractionofLakeOntariowaterswillbeevaporatedbythecoolingtower.5.2.2.5IrreversibleandIrretrievableCommitmentofResourcesNoirreversibleandirretrievablecommitmentofwaterresourceswillbemadeforstationoperation.5.2-5

igIDENTIFICATIONLEGENDNI284000NI2830008LSEWAGETREATMEPLANTu<<TiDIKEiEy.ESTOR0NTAOAusi~08UNIT2REVETMENT-DITCHSYSTEM0outIT208PtibSAG.~~RANSMISSIONLINESA8C0EREACTORBUILDINGTURBINEBUILDINGRADWASTEBUILDINGHEATERBAYSSCREENWELLBUILDINGCONDENSATESTORAGETANKBLDGCONTROLBUILDINGNORMALSWITCHGEARBUILDINGADMINISTRATIONBUILDINGFguEp~g+LFAR~L1FPyEDCOOLINGTOWERNI000TRANSMISSIONLIKSNOTESIGRIDCOORDINATESREFERTONEWYORKSTATECOORDINATESYSTEM~or.ISTINGLAKENIBI000'IGURE5.2-1PLOTPLANREVETMENT-DITCHIOOI0SCALEINFEETNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONCANINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2IENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS P

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.3COOLINGSYSTEMIMPACTS5.3.1IntakeSystem5.3.1.1HydrodynamicDescriptionandPhysicalImpacts5.3.1.1.1HydrodynamicDescriptionofAffectedAreaCoolingwaterforUnit2iswithdrawnfromLakeOntariothroughtwohexagonalintakestructures.Bothintakestruc-turesarelocatedatlakebottomcontour,el68.4m(224.5ft)(USGS1935datum);thewest.,intakeisap-proximately290m(950ft)offshore,andtheeastintakeisapproximately320m(1,050ft)offshore.Thetwointakesareapproximately120m(400ft)apartandlocatedonthesamebottomcontour.Thedischargestructureislocatedap-proximately146m(480ft)offshoreofthewest.intakestructureand450m(1,500ft)fromtheexistingshoreline.Thelocationsoftheintakeanddischargestructuresareil-lustratedonFigure3.4-2.Eachhexagonalintakestructurehassixintakeopenings2.3m(7.5ft)wideby0.9m(3ft)high,a0.6-m(2-ft)roofthickness,anda3.1-m(10-ft)clearancebetweenthetopofthestructureandthelakesurfaceatthemeanlowwaterlevelof74.4m(244ft)(USGS1935datum).Thewidthofeachstructureis6.9m(22.5ft)betweenoppositeopenings.Thetotalareaofthe12openingsisdesignedtoprovideamaximumintakevelocityapproachingthebarracksof0.15m/s(0.5fps)whiledrawingwaterthroughbothstructures.Section3.4providesacompletedescriptionofthecoolingsystemandtheexpectedflowratesforalter-nativeoperatingmodest5.3.1.1.2TheoreticalFrameworkofMathematicalModelAmathematicalmodelwasusedtosimulatethenearfieldandintermediatefieldvelocitypatternsinLakeOntarioresult-ingfromtheoperationofthetwointakesandonedischargeatUnit2.Themodelcalculatesfluidflowstreamlines,equipotentiallinesandvelocityneartheintakes,anddischargeonthebasisofsteadypotentialflow.Theintakesaretreatedassinksofequalandsteadystrengthandthedischargeasasourceofsteadystrength.Themodelissteadystate,twodimensional,depthaveraged,anddoesnotaccountforfriction.5.3-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThetheoryofpotentialflowstatesthatanyparticleintwo-dimensionalfluidflowcanbeexpressedasacomplexpotential[A(z)].Complexflowpatternscanbedescribedbythesuperpositionofflowortheadditionofcomplexpotentials.ForUnit2intakesanddischarge:A(z)=klln(z-b)-kzln(z+a)-kzln(z-a)Where:kz=Strengthofsourcelocatedatbkz=Strengthofsinklocatedata'z=Strengthofsinklocatedat-aBydifferentiatingthecomplexpotential,thecomplexvelocityisderived:A'klk2k3=V+iVdzxyz>>uz+az-aUsingthefollowingsubstitutionsandsolvingforthemag-nitudesofvelocity(speed),VxandVy.-eiC1r2e2z+aiCr3e3=z-aiCk2=k(bothintakeshaveequalflow)Where:r=(x+a)~+(y-b)~lr=(x+a)+y25.3-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OTSr=(x-a)~+y~3y-bC=Arctan1x+aC=Arctan2x+aC=Arctan3x-aVxkr2r3cosClk2lr3cosC2k2rlr2coC3123r11213Vyklr2r3sinCl+k2rlr3sinC2+k2rlr2sinC3112x3Thecomplexpotential,A(z),describesequipotentiallinesandstreamlines:A(z)=B+iCWhere:B=Functionof(x,y)anddescribestheequipotentiallinesC=Functionof(x,y)anddescribesthestreamlinesFortheUnit2arrangement:A(z)=kzln(z-b)-kzln(z+a)-kzln(z-a)Substituting:B=m=k>lnrz-kzlnrz-k~lnr3C=n=kgCg-kpCp-kpC3Sincetheequationsdescribingmagnitudesofvelocity,equipotentiallines,andstreamlinescannotbeeasilysolvednumerically,theyaresolvedbytheinputofaseriesofx,ycoordinates.Thecalculati'onofspeedisdirect.foreach5.3-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSx,y;however,forequipotentiallinesandstreamlines,thetermsmandnarecalculated.Then,byconnectingvariousmandn,theequipotentiallinesandstreamlinesaredrawn.'5.3.1.1.3StreamlinesandVelocityDistributionThestreamlinesandvelocitypatternneartheintakesanddischargeofUnit2werecalculatedbytheprecedingmodelusingtwolakeconditions:nocurrentanda0.15m/s(0.5fps)westtoeast,alongshorecurrent.Historicalcur-rentdatafromthesitearediscussedinSection2.3.1.1.4andindicatethat,currentsalongshorefromthewest-or-east.areequallylikelytooccurandarethedominantcurrentsatthesite.Thefrequencyofon-oroffshorecurrentswaslowand,whenpresent,atlowvelocities.Approximately30percentofthemeterreadingsinthestatedsurveywerebelowdetectionlimits.West-to-eastcurrentsof0.08to0.15m/s(0.25to0.50fps)occurredapproximately10percentofthetimeduringthesurvey.Stillwatercon-dition(lowtonocurrent)representstheworst.caseforanintake/discharge,systemsinceallvelocitiesareinducedbytheintake/dischargeandarenotmaskedbylocalcurrents.Theintake/dischargeflowmodelwasrunforoneworst-casesituationathighintakeanddischargeflowinJanuary.ThemodeledflowsarethosepresentedinTable3.3-1foraJanuaryconditionofminimumwetbulb.Thiscaseisper-ceivedtobeaworstcaseasitrepresentsthehighestdis-chargeflow,atypicallyhighintakeflow,andthehighestratioofdischargetointakeflowwhichwillcausethehighestinteractionbetweentheintakesanddischarge.Becausethemodelistwodimensional,theintake/dischargeflowsareaveragedoverdepthandinputasapointsourceinatwo-dimensionalplane.Thus,themodeldescribesthedepth-averagedstreamlinesandvelocitiesinducedbythein-takesandthedischarge.Sincetheintakesarehexagonal'anddrawwaterfromallsides,themodel'srepresentationoftheintakesaspointsourcesisaccurate,andwiththeexceptionoftheimmediatenearfield,theintake-inducedvelocitiestendtobeuniformwithdepth.Thedischargeisdesignedtobeadouble-portdiffuseraimedoffshore,andthemodeldoesnotsimulatethemomentumordirectionalcomponentofthedischarge.However,sincetheresultsofthedischargestudies(Section5.3.2.1)indicatethatthedischargelosesitsmomentumandinitiallymixesfromtoptobottomwithin18m(60ft)ofthediffuser,the5.3-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSmodelrepresentsthedischargeatthatlocation.Bynotmovingthedischargetothisvirtualsourcepointinthemodel,themodelresultsareconservative,withmorein-teractionbetweentheintakesanddischargethanintheprototype.Theinputtermsofthemodelareasfollows:abg.intakedischargekp59m(195ft)146m(479ft)3.44cum/s(54,525gpm)2.21cum/s(35,040gpm)0.0274sqm/s(0.295sqft/sec)0.0450sqm/s(0.484sqft/sec)Thepredictedstreamlineswithnolakecurrentareillus-tratedonFigure5.3-1.VelocitypatternsaregivenonFigure5.3-2.Thedirectionalcomponentofthecalculatedspeedwasobtainedfromthestreamlines.Withnolakecurrent,almostallstreamlinesintheareaaredirectedintooneortheotherintake.Theonlystreamlinesnotdirectedintotheintakesaretheoffshorecomponentsofthedischarge,althoughthepathsoftravelformanyoftheotherdischargestreamlinesareverylongbeforereachinganintake.Themagnitudesofthevelocitieswerelessthan0.0015m/s(0.005fps)foralllocations61m(200ft)ormoreawayfromeitherintakeorthedischarge.Thepredictedvelocitieswereslightlyhigherwithin61m(200ft)ofthesourceorsinks;however,withinthat,region,thespecialfeaturesoftheintakesanddischargeplayanimportantroleandthevelocitiesarenot.constantwithdepthasassumedbythemodel.Ifameanvelocityof0.0018m/s(0.006fps)fromthedischargetotheintakeisassumed,theshortestpossibletraveltimeis20hr,duringwhichtheplumewillthoroughlydissipatebyambientdisper-sionandatmosphericheattransfer.Thepredictedstreamlineswitha0.15m/s(0.5fps)west-to-eastlakecurrentareshownonFigure5'-3~Thesestreamlinesillustratethatthelakecurrentdominatestheflowpatternevenimmediatelyneartheintakesanddischarge.Theonlynoticeableeffectsoftheintake/dischargeareaveryslightslanttothestreamlinesandminordeflectionsattheintakesanddischarge.Thevelocitypatternsarenotpresentedbecausethemagnitudesareall0.15m/s(0.5fps),exceptveryneartheintakewhereaspeedof0.16m/s(0.54fps)wascalculated.Theintake/discharge-inducedvelocitiesareinsignificantwhencomparedtothelakecurrent.5.3-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTheresultsofthetwomodelrunsindicatethattheUnit2intakesanddischargewillhaveaninsignificanteffectonthenaturalvelocitypatterninthearea.Theoretically,somerecirculationfromthedischargetotheintakesmayoc-curatstillwaterconditions;however,thetraveltimeislongandconsiderabledilutionwilloccurbeforereentryintotheintake.Withanysignificantlakecurrent,therecirculationwillbefurtherreduced.Becauseofthelowinducedvelocitiesandminimalimpactonthecurrentpatternsatthesite,theoperationofthein-takeswillnotaltererosionoftheshoreline,localizedturbiditylevels,orsiltationpatternsinthearea.5'.1.2AquaticImpactsTheestimatedimpactsofentrainmentofambientwaterintotheUnit2intakeoneachofthemajorbioticgroupsarediscussedinsubsequentsections.SinceUnit2utilizesaclosed-cyclecoolingsystem,onlytheorganismsdivertedbythefishcollectionsystemareexpectedtosurviveentrain-mentintothepowerplantintake.Underaverageoperatingconditions,27percentofthetotalintakeflowisreturnedthroughthefishdiversionsystem.5.3.1.2~1PhytoplanktonTheimpactofentrainmentcroppingonphytoplanktonwasevaluatedbasedonprojectedwaterflowintoUnit2,generalwatercirculationinLakeOntario,andreproductiontimesforplanktonpopulationsinlakes.Thegeneralcir-culationpatternsinLakeOntariohavebeendocumentedandwerereviewedbyLawler,MatuskyScSkellyEngineers(LMS)'~'.Thepredominantcurrentsarealongshore,however,onshoreandoffshorecurrentsalsooccur'~'.Thus,nopar-celofwaterwillbesubjecttoentrainmentforanylengthoftimeandnoportionoftheplanktoncommunitywillbecontinuouslycropped."IfawaterbodysegmentisassumedtoextendeastofNineMilePointandwestofOswegoSteamStation(OSS)asdescribedbyLMS'~',thecroppingduetoeitherUnit2aloneorUnit2inconjunctionwith,theotherplantslocatedwithinthissegment(JAF,Unit1,andOSS)canbeexamined.Thissegmentcontainsapproximately9.6xl0~cum(3.4x10'~cuft)ofwater.ThedailywaterintakeforUnit2isapproximately3.3xl0~cum/day(1.2xl0~cuft/day),or0.0034percentof0hevolumeofthewaterbodyseg-mentperday.Inayear'stime,Unit2wouldwithdrawonly1percentofthevolumeofthesegmentifthesegmentwere5.3-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSnotbeingnaturallyflushedbylakecirculationanddispersion.Whentheturnovertimeoforganismsinthewaterbodysegmentisconsidered,theeffectofentrainment.croppingbecomesnegligible.PDatacollectedintheNineMilePointvicinity(Section2.4.2.1)haveindicatednolong-termchangesintheabundanceorspeciescompositionoftheplanktoncommunitythatareattributabletotheoperationoftheexistingstations.TheinfluenceofUnit2isprojectedtobeminimalbecauseofthelowvolumeofcoolingwaterused.Since,onanannualbasis,theplantwillwithdrawlessthan1percentofthevolumeofthesurroundingwaterbodyforcooling,thissmallwithdrawalrate,coupledwiththepoten-tialforregeneration,leadstotheconclusionthatUnit2willhaveanegligibleimpactonthephytoplanktoncommunity'.3'.2.2MicrozooplanktonAsindicatedinSection2.4.2.1.2,seasonalabundanceandspeciescompositionhavebeensimilarformicrozooplanktonforthelast6yr.Nomajorshiftsinthiscommunityhavebeennoted.Inaddition,analysisofspatialtrendshasrevealednoconsistent,patternsintheabundanceofzooplankters'asedonthesamerationaledevelopedforphytoplanktoninSection5.3.1.2.1,theimpactonmicrozooplanktonwillbesmallandprobablynotdistinguishablefromnaturalvariability.5.3.1.2.3MacrozooplanktonToassesstheprojectedimpactofmacrozooplanktonentrain-mentbyUnit2,impactonGammarusfasciatus,anamphipodselectedasaRepresentativeImportantSpeciesintheNineMilePointvicinity,"'Section2.4.2.1.3)isdiscussed.Whilenumericallymoreabundantinthebenthiccollections,thisepibenthicorganismwillbesubjecttoentrainmentonlywhenpresentinthewatercolumn.Therefore,fordiscussionpurposes,Gammarusisclassifiedasamacrozooplanktor.Toassesstheimpactofplantentrainmentonthisspecies,estimatesweremadeofthetotalnumberentrainedintotheplant.TheseestimateswerecomparedtothecalculatedstandingstockofGammarusinthelakeinthevicinityoftheplant'.SinceUnit2willhaveclosed-cyclecooling,100percentmortalitythroughtheplantwasassumed.Datacollectedduring1976JAFentrainmentstudieswereused'~'.5.3-7 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTable5.3-1givestheresultsofthecroppingcalculationsfortwoplantflowconditions,theprojectedmeanandmaximumplantflowatUnit2.Theestimatedpercentcrop-pingisthepercentageoftheGammarusstandingstock'resentinthewaterbodysegmentremovedbyentrainmentmortality.Estimatedpercent.croppingduringeitherprojectedmeanormaximumplantflowconditionswaslessthan0.5percentofthepopulationthroughouteachsamplingperiod,exceptduringJanuary-February1976.Atthistime,theincreaseintheestimatedpercentcroppingresultedfromthehighJanuaryentrainmentabundance.Sincesimilarlyhighabun-danceswerenotdetectedduringeitherthesummerperiodofnaturallyhighlakeabundanceorthefollowingwinterperiod,itisprobablethattheJanuary1976estimatewasananomalyinthedataandnotrepresentativeofactualen-trainmentcroppingduringthemonth.TheresultsoftheGammarusentrainmentcroppinganalysisclearlyindicatethattheprojectednumbersremovedbyen-trainment-atUnit2representanextremelysmallpercentageofthelocalpopulationandthatsuchmortalitieswouldhaveanegligibleeffectonthepopulation.5.3.1.2.4IchthyoplanktonToassesstheprojectedimpactofplantentrainmentontheichthyoplanktoncommunity,datacollectedduringentrainmentstudiesatUnit1andtheJAFplanthavebeenutilizedinconjunctionwiththeresultsoftheaquaticecologystudiespresentedinSection2.4.2.NearlyallspeciesidentifiedfromthelakecollectionswerealsofoundduringentrainmentsamplingateitherUnit1ortheJAFplant,andtheirtemporaloccurrenceintheentrain-mentcollectionscoincidedwiththeiroccurrenceinthelake.Peakconcentrationsofeggsandlarvaeinthelakeoccurredduringthelatespring/summerperiodandweredominatedbyalewivesandrainbowsmelt(Section2.4.2.1.4).Peakentrainmentalsooccurredduringthisperiod,withalewifeandrainbowsmeltdominatingthecollections',RainbowsmeltandalewifearetheonlytwoRepresentativeImportantSpeciesoffish'~'ollectedinsufficientnumbersduringichthyoplanktonentrainmentsurveystoallowimpact.assessment,TheprojectedtotalnumbersofalewifeandrainbowsmelteggsandlarvaeentrainedatUnit2werecomputedfromtheday/nightabundancedatafromtheregular1976entrainment5.3-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSsamplingprogramatUnit1andtheJAF,plant'.ThisdatasetwaschosensincetheJAFplantwasshutdownforrefuelingduringthesummerof1977andonlylimitedanalyseswereconductedon1978data.TheUnit2andtheJAFplantdataareconsideredtoberepresentativeoftheintakeabundancethat,willoccuratUnit2sinceallthein-takesareallatapproximatelythesamedepthcontour.Since100percentmortalityisassumedfortheUnit2closed-cyclecoolingsystem,noadjustmenthasbeenmadeforthefishdiversionsystemflow.Thisflownormallyrep-resents27percentofthetotalflowwithdrawnandwouldnotbeexpectedtoincur100percentmortalitytoorganismsen-trainedinit.However,sincenostudieshavebeenmade,theconservativeapproach,assumptionof100percentmortality,hasbeentaken.TheestimatedtotalnumberofalewifeeggsentrainedperweekatUnit2underprojectedaverageflowconditionswascomparedwiththeestimatednumberpresentintheadjacentsegmentofthelakeduringthesameweek'.Theareaofthelakechosenforcomparisonwasawaterbodysegmentboundedbytheextentofsampling(i.e.,larvaltows)whichextendsouttothe34-m(112-ft)depthcontourand5.8km(3.5mi)alongtheNineMilePointshoreline'able5.3-2liststheestimatedpercentofalewifeeggscroppedbyUnit2basedonUnit1andtheJAFplantentrain-mentandtheestimatednumberofalewifeeggspresentinthewatersegment.Ascanbeseenfromthetable,extremelylowpercentagesoftheweeklystandingcropsofalewifeeggsareremovedbyentrainment.TheoverallseasonalcroppingratesbasedontheUnit2flowrateandeithertheUnit1ortheJAFplantentrainmentdatais0F01percent.SincerainbowsmelteggsaredemersalandadhesiveandspawningintheGreatLakesoccursonstreambottomsor,un-deradverseweatherconditions,intheoffshoreareasongravelshoals(Section2.4.2.1.6),theireggsarenotusuallysubject,toentrainment.Becausetheeggsareat-tachedtothebottom,planktontowsorentrainmentcollec-tionsarenotrepresentativeoftheactualnumbersavailable.Toattainabetterconceptoftheentrainmenteggabundances,theestimatedtotalnumberofalewifeandrain-bowsmelteggsentrainedwascomparedwiththeaveragefecundityofthesespeciesinLakeOntario.Theestimatedtotalnumberofeggsentrainedforeachspecieswasdividedbythemeannumberoftotaleggsper-femaletodeterminetheaveragenumberoffemalesrequiredtoproducetheeggslost5.3-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OKStoentrainment'.Theresultsofthesecalculationsin-dicatethattheentrainmentrateforUnit2basedontheUnit1ortheJAFplantresultsisequivalenttothefecun-dityof2,200or3,400alewivesandabout23to91smelts,averysmallfractionofthepopulationestimate'lantcroppingestimatesforalewifeandrainbowsmeltlar-vaewerebasedonthesamewaterb'odysegmentdescribedforeggsaswellasonanestimateofthelakewidelarvalstand-ingcropsofthesespecies.Alakewidecroppingestimatewasdevelopedbecausealewifeandrainbowsmeltaredis-tributedthroughoutthelakeandapparentlyusetheentireshorelineforspawning.FisheryandimpingementsamplingatwidelyspacedlocationsonZakeOntarioonboththeUnitedStatesandCanadiansideshasshownthealewifeandrainbowsmelttobeabundantatalllocations'ecausethelarvalstagelastsmorethan1week,bothweeklycroppingestimatesandtotalentrainmentarecomparedwithanaveragestandingcropduringthepeakoflarvalabundance.Thisapproachisconservativebecausetheactualpopulationpresentinthewaterbodysegmentthroughoutthelarvalperiodisgreaterthanthenumberpresentduringthepeakabundanceperiod.Furthermore,becauselarvaelivinginthedeeperportionsofthelakewerenotaccountedforinthecomputationofcroppingrate,anadditionalconservativefactorwasaddedtotheestimate.Theweeklycroppingestimatesforalewifelarvaeinthewaterbodysegmentofinterestrangedfrom0toap-proximately4percent(Table5.3-3).Weeklycroppinges-timatesforrainbowsmeltlarvaerangedfrom0to10percent(Table5.3-4).DuringtheirperiodofmaximumabundanceinthevicinityofNineMilePoint(August1toSeptember4),alewifelarvaehadameanweeklyabundanceof143x10.Croppingpercen-tagesbasedontotalalewifelarvaeentrainedin1976wereapproximately0.3and1.2percent.basedonUnit1andJAFplantdata,respectively(Table5.3-3).Rainbowsmeltlar-vaehadameanweeklyabundanceof3x10~duringtheperiodofpeakabundance(May30toJuly17)inthevicinityofNineMilePoint.Annualcroppingpercentagesofap-proximately0.1and0.4percentbasedonUnit1andJAFplantdata,respectively,wereobtainedfromtheestimatedtotalnumberentrainedduring1976(Table5.3-4).Thecon-servativenatureofthiscalculationshouldbeemphasizedinthatthestandingstockestimatesdonotaccountfortheim-migrationandemigrationoflarvaetoandfromthewaterbodysegment'~'.5.3-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSConsideringthedemersalnatureoftheeggsofbothalewifeandrainbowsmelt,alowpercentageofcropping(lessthan1percent)ofeggsisindicated.Theeggcroppingestimate,intermsofthe'numberofaveragematurefemalesrequiredtoproducetheeggslost(2,200-3,400alewifeand23-91smelt),indicatesthatthislossrepresentsonlyasmallfractionofthespawningpotentialofthesepopulations'aterbodysegmentcroppingoflarvae,basedonanaverageentrainmentduringthepeakabundanceperiodandconser-vativeestimatesofthepopulationsizeduringthesameperiod,producedpercentagescroppedrangingupto1.2percent.Thesepercentagesareconservativeestimatessinceonlythoselarvaeinsidethe34-m(112-ft)depthcon-tourwereincludedandtheassumptionof100percentplant'mortalityincreasestheestimatedcroppingoverthatac-tuallyoccurring.Theprojectionofplantcroppingonalakewidelarvalpopulationbasisisonlyaroughestimate.Itisbasedonanaveragestandingcropforonlyasmallportionofthetotalpotentialspawningarea,anditdoesnotfactorinad-ditionalsourcesofcroppingwithinthesystem.Theactuallarvalpopulationdensitywouldbeexpectedtovarysig-nificantlyfromplacetoplacealongtheshoreline.However,thelakewidecroppingestimatesdoprovidearoughestimateforthelakeasawhole,whichisanimportantper-spectiveforimpactassessment.Thelakewidecroppinges-timatesattributedtoUnit2areverylow(0.02percent)'hecombinedcroppingofeggsandlarvaeofalewifeandrainbowsmeltbytheJAFplantandUnits1and2willremoveanundetectableamountofthereproductivepotentialofthesepopulations'.TheimpactofUnit2alonewillbeimmeasurablesinceprojectedcroppingismorethananorderofmagnitudelowerthancroppingbytheexistingplantswhoseeffectshavebeenundetectable(Section2.4.2.1).5.3.1.2.5BenthosThedegreetowhichtheUnit2intakesysteminteractswiththeadjacentinvertebratecommunitiesisafunctionnotonlyofflowrateanddesigncharacteristicsoftheplantbut,alsoofthenatureoftheorganismsthemselves'fsig-nificanceisthelifehistoryofeachtaxonunderconsideration.Somebenthicforms,forexample,passtheirentirelivescloselyassociatedwiththebottom,movingwithin(infauna)orupon(epifauna)thelakebottom.Othersmaketransientuseofthewatercolumneitherforbreeding,feeding,activeswimming,ordriftingwithwatercurrents.5.3-11 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSBenthicspeciesthatutilizethewatercolumnaresuscepti-bletopowerplantentrainment.Duringtheselifestages,theirdegreeof-susceptibilitydependsmainlyupontheirpel'agicmovement(nearthesurface,bottom,orthroughout.theentirewatercolumn)andswimmingability.Inconsideringintakesystemimpacts,bothdirectandin-directeffectsareevaluated.,Directeffectsincludeen-trainmentofalllifestages.Indirecteffectsmayoccurviaattraction.ofnektonicpredatorstotheintakearea.Ifeithertypeofinteractionoccurs,itislikelytobediscernibleneartheexistingUnit1intakewherelong-termmonitoringatnearfieldandfarfieldstationshascontinuedduringa6-yrstudyperiod.1AsreportedinSection2.4.2.1,benthicorganismsneartheintakeofUnit1showedavarietyofnaturalchangessincetheinitialsamplingin1968andduringthe6yrofinten-sivestudy.Thekeyfactorsinvolvedinthesefluctuations,.however,werenatural.environmentalchangesovertime,climate,substratenature,andorganiccontentofthesediment.ThedatabasedescribedinSection2.4.2.1in-dicatestypicalbenthicpatternsovertimeanddoesnotsug-gestadverseprocessesthatwereidentifiablewiththeoperationoftheUnit.1intakesystem'ecauseof'thelargedatabaseshowingnoimpactonthebenthiccommunitiesbytheoperationofUnit1intake,itisre'asonabletoexpectnoimpact,fromthewithdrawalofalesseramountofwaterforUnit2.S.3.1.2.6FishTheimpingementsamplingdataforUnit1andtheJAFplantprovideabasisforestimatingthetotalannualentrapmentbyspeciesat.theUnit2intake.BecauseafishdiversionandreturnsystemwasincorporatedintotheUnit2intake,onlyafractionofthefishentrappedintheoffshoreintakewillbeimpinged.-The.majorportionofthesefishwillbereturnedtothelake.Thestudiesof-fishprotectionsys-temsforUnit2andongoingstudiesonasimilarsystemattheOSSUnit6provideestimatesofsurvivalsubsequenttopassagethroughthediversionsystem.ThisinformationwasusedtoestimatethemortalityexpectedforselectedspeciesatUnit2.AcompletedescriptionofthediversionsystemisprovidedinSection3.4.1.3.TheimpingementrateforUnit2wasestimatedbyex-trapolatingtheimpingementratesofUnit1toUnit2bythe NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSratiooftheplantflows.Thismethodassumesthattheim-pingementrateisdirectlyproportionaltoplantflowrate.TheUnit1impingementdatawereselectedastheprimarybasesforextrapo'lationbecausethereare9yrofcontinuoussamplingascomparedtoonly6yrattheJAFplant.Thetrendinbothfisheryandimpingementsamplingindicatedcy-clictrendsinabundanceofsomespecies.BecausetheUnit1datacoveralongertimethantheJAFplantdata,theybetterreflectthechangingabundancesofthesespeciesintheNineMilePointvicinity.Inaddition,theUnit2intakedesignissimilartotheUnit1designanddifferssubstantiallyfromtheJAFplantdesign.TheestimatedimpingementrateforUnit2assumesthattheplantwilloperatealldaysoftheyear,becauseitisim-possibletopredictwhenplantoutageswilloccur..Thismethodwill,therefore,produceanestimatedtotalannualmortalitygreaterthantheactualone.Thedifferencebetweentheestimatedtotalandtheactualtotalwilldependonthedurationandseasonaloccurrencesofdowntime.Ex-tendeddowntimeinearlyspringwouldhavethemostpronouncedeffectontheannualtotalbecausethespringpeaksinalewifeandrainbowsmeltimpingementwouldbeeliminated.TheUnit2intakestructurewillincorporateadiversionsystemtoreturnentrappedfishtothelake.ThissystemwasdesignedbyStoneandWebsterEngineeringCorporation(SWEC),whichconductedlaboratorytestsofdiversionef-ficiencyandsurvivalofalewifeafterpassagethroughthesystem.Thesetestsindicatedatestmortalityrateof11.8percentandacontrolmortalityof7.8percent'reliminarystudiesconductedbyLMSontheOSSUnit6diversionsystem,similarindesigntotheUnit2diversionsystem,havedemonstratedsubstantiallyloweralewifesur-vivalfollowingpassagethroughthesystem.TheresultsoftheOswegostudiesindicatealewifesurvivalsbetween2and34percent,withanestimatedyearlysurvivalrateof9.6percent.Therainbowsmelt,whiteperch,andspot-tailshinerestimatedyearlysurvivalrateswere13.1,41.1,and85.1percent,respectively.Themajorgamefish(browntrout,smallmouthbass,laketrout)collectedfromthesys-temalldemonstratedgreaterthan95percentsurvivalsSincetheLMSstudieswereconductedonanoperatingsystemascomparedtotheSWECstudieswhichwereconductedonalaboratoryscale,theresultsfromtheLMSOswegostudieswillbeusedforthisassessment.Theseresultsarebelievedtobeconservative(effectsareoverestimated)5.3-13 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSbecausenoadjustmentsweremadeforcontrolorhandlingmortality.TableS.3-5containstheestimatedmonthlyimpingementandestimatedyearlytota'1numberimpingedforselectedspeciesatUnit1'.Table5.3-6providesanestimateofUnit2entrapment,obtainedbythemultiplication-oftheUnit1totalby0.20,theratioofUnit2toUnit1plantflows,andmortality,obtainedbythemultiplicationofthenumberentrappedbythemortalityobservedfromtheOswegodiver-sionsystem'heestimatedmortalityislowforallspeciesexceptalewife,andwhenthealewifetotaliscomparedwithannualimpingementratesatotherLakeOntariopowerplants,themortalityatUnit2isestimatedtobeaverysmallcontribution.TheeffectsofimpingementcroppingatpowerplantsonLakeOntariowereevaluatedinthe316(b)demon-strationfortheJAFplant.Theanalysisoftheimpactofremovinganumberoffishfromapopulationcanbeaddressedinmanydifferentways.Inthisanalysis,theremovaloffishisrelatedtosuchmeasuresofpopulationsizeas1)lakestandingstockestimates,2)commercialfishingremovals,3)stockingstatisticsforthespecies,'and4)exploitationratesbasedontaggingstudies.TheanalysesofimpingementcroppingarepresentedseparatelybelowfortheRepresentativeImportantSpeciesidentifiedbytheEPAfortheNineMilePointvicinity:alewife,rainbowsmelt,whiteperch,yellowperch,smallmouthbass,cohosalmon,threespinestickleback,andbrowntrout.AlewifeAlewifestandingstockestimatesbasedonNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC)datarepresentedinTable5.3-7.Theseestimatesareonlyforthenearbottomwaterswherethetrawlfishedandarebasedontheassumptionof100percenttrawlefficiency.Edsalletal',inananalysisofthestandingstockofalewivesinLakeMichigan,concludedthatonly3percentofthefish(80-139mm[3-5.5in]long)takeningillnetsfishedfromsurfacetobottomin26fathomswereinthelower12m(40ft)ofwater.They,therefore,usedafactorof10toexpandstandingstockestimates,basedontheassumptionthatonly10percentofthefishwereinthelower1'-2.4m(4-8ft)ofthewatercolumnwherethetrawlfishes.Inthe5.3-14 NineMilePointUnit:2ER-OLSresultspresented,thealewifestandingstockisestimatedwithandwithoutthefactorof10toshowbottom-trawledstandingstocksandthefullwatercolumnestimate(adjustedstandingstock).'Thisanalysisisopentotwopossiblesourcesoferror,inadditiontofishdistributioninthewatercolumnandtheassumptionof100percent,gearefficiency.First,theNYSDECestimatesextendedonlytothe110-m(360-ft)depthcontour.Sincetheseestimatesrepresent18percentofthetotalNewYorkStatelakearea,thestandingstockestimatesweredividedby0.18for.extrapolationtothetotalNewYorkStatelakearea.Thismayresultinanerrorif.thetotalpopulationestimateofthealewifeisnotuniformlydis-tributedfromshoretomidlake.Second,theaverageweightofthealewivescollectedbyNYSDECwas27.2g(0.06lb),whiletheaverageweightofimpingedfishwas18.0g(0.04lb),indicatingthatagreaterpercentageofyoungerfishwerepresent,inim-pingementcollectionsthanweresampledbythetrawl.ThetrawlingprogramconductedbyNYSDECeitherdidnotcollectyoungfish(young-of-the-yearandyearlings)ornaturalmor-talityoftheseageshadoccurred-bythetimeofthetrawling,andtheaverageweightreflectsthetrueaverageweight/individualoftheremainingstock.TheNYSDECtrawlingprogramwasconductedbetweenOctober18andNovember121976,lateenoughintheyearsothatmortalityofyoungfishcouldhaveoccurred,whereasimpingementcol-lectionswereconductedthroughouttheyear.Thus,theNYSDECstockestimatemaynotberepresentativeofthepopulationsaffectedbyimpingement;however,nostockes-timatesareavailableforothertimesoftheyear.TheformerhypothesisthatNYSDECsimplydidnotcollectyoungfish"issupportedbyseveralobservations.Smith~'tatedthatyoungalewivesresideinthewatercolumnoffthebottomforatleastthefirstyearoflife.NYSDECstatedthatmanytargetswereobservedwithhydroacousticequipment,intheupperwatercolumnatthetimeofthesur-veysintheRochesterarea.WellsoundalewivesinthewatercolumnthroughouttheyearinLakeMichigan.Itappears,therefore,thatthetrawlingconductedbyNYSDECwouldresultinanunderestimateofthetruestandingstocksincealargeportionofthepopulationwouldbeabovethebottomwaterssampledbythetrawl.Thisisadditionalevidencesupportingtheuseofthemultipliertoestimatetotalstandingstockfrombottomtrawls.Theevidenceonalewifedistributioninthewatercolumn,theweightdif-ferentialbetweenimpingedandnettedfish,andtheassump-5.3-15 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLStionof100percentgearefficiencyallsupporttheuseofthestockadjustment.TheestimatedyearlyimpingementmortalityatUnit2wasdividedbytheNYSDECstandingstockestimatestodeterminealewifeimpingementcropping.ThecroppingeffectofUnit2,0.20percent,isextremelysmallfortheOswegosec-torandevensmallerforotherdesignatedareasoftheU.S.watersofLakeOntario(Table5.3-7).Thecroppinges-timatesforUnit1basedonitsonce-throughcoolingsystemareincludedinthistabletocontrastUnit2whichhasafishdiversionsystem.Fortheprecedingreasons,thesees-timatesofcroppingareconsideredconservative.RainbowSmeltTheNYSDECforagefishstandingstockestimateincludedanestimateoftherainbowsmeltstock.Thestandingstockdataderivedinthissectionwerecalculatedinthesamemannerasthealewifedata.Theresults,therefore,aresubjecttothesameconservativeapproachasthealewiferesults.TherainbowsmeltmortalityatUnit2wases-timatedtorepresent0.12percent,anextremelysmallper-centageoftheestimatedstandingstockintheOswegosectorandotherdesignatedareasoftheU.S.watersofLakeOntario(Table5.3-7).WhitePerchStorr'~"'aggedatotalof1,421whiteperchintheNineMilePointvicinityfrom1972to1976,ofwhich488weretaggedin1976.OnlyonetaggedwhiteperchwasrecoveredintheJAFplantimpingementcollections(April1977)withnotagreturnsobservedattheNineMilePointplant.Sinceannualmortalityratesfortaggedwhiteperchwerenotcomputed,itisimpossibletodeterminethetotalnumberoftagsavai'lableatthetimeoftherecoveryin1977.Butwithanassumed50percentmortalityrateandonlythosefishtaggedduring1976considered,anexploitationrateof0~82percentwouldresultafteradjustmentforimpingementsamplingfreguency.ThelackofanytaggedfishintheUnit1impingementstudies,whichhavebeenongoingsince1973,indicatesthatimpingementcroppingofwhiteperchisnegligible'totalof20,525-kg(45,249lb)ofwhiteperchwerehar-vestedbycommercialfishermenfromNewYorkStatewatersofLakeOntarioduring1976.Ifanaverageweightof32.4g/fish(0.07lb/fish)(from1976impingementattheJAFplant)'isassumed,atotalof633,487fishwere5.3-16 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSharvested.TheaverageUnit1impingementduringtheperiod1973through1981amountedto6,666fish.Thus,impingementwas1.0percentofcommercialfishing.TheUnit2mortalityrateisprojectedtobe0.12percentofthecommercialcatchin1976.Theavailabledataindicatethatimpingementcrop-pingisminimalwhencomparedwithavailablefishintheareaorcommercialfishingpressure.YellowPerchAnexploitationratewascalculatedbasedonthenumberoftaggedfishrecoveredinimpingementcollectionscomparedtothenumberoftaggedfishavailableinthelake.Althoughyellowperchtaggingbeganin1972,notaggedyellowperchwererecoveredinimpingementcollectionsateithertheJAFplanto'rUnit,1priorto1976.During1976,twotaggedfishwererecoveredatUnit1andoneattheJAFplant.Sincesamplingatbothplantstookplaceon43percentofthedaysduring1976,thetotalestimatednumberofreturnsiscal-culatedtobefivefishandtwofishatUnit1andtheJAFplant,respectively.Anestimated1,232taggedyellowperchwereavailablein1976.ThesevenfishimpingementestimateforUnit1andtheJAFplantcombinedthenrepresents-anexploitationrateof0.57percentoftheavailabletaggedyellowperch.Whencomparedtoanaverageexploitationrateof7.41percent"',basedonotherfishingefforts(totaltagreturns),theimpactofimpingementisnegligible.Basedonthetotalnumberofyellowperchimpingedduring1976(3,695)andtheNewYorkStatecommercialcatchof23,841kg(52,560lb)',whichrepresents478,000fishbasedonanaverageweightof49.8g/fish(O.lllb/fish),impingement,atUnit1andtheJAFplantduring1976represented0.77percentofthecommercialharvest.Comparedtoothersourcesofmortality,impingementatUnit1andtheJAFplantisinsignificant.TheUnit2impingementbasedon1976statisticswouldrepresentlessthan0.01percentofthecommercialharvest.SmallmouthBassStorr~'astagged126smallmouthbasssince1972,butnonehavebeencollectedfromthetravelingscreensatUnit1ortheJAFplantthroughDecember1981.Sincethemajorityofthesefishweretaggedandreleasedintheim-mediatevicinityofthetwointakes,thelackofanyrecoveriesinimpingementcollectionswouldindicatethattheplantsdonothaveasignificanteffectonthelocalsmallmouthbasspopulation.5.3-17 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSNocommercialcatchstatisticsareavailableforsmallmouthbass,socomparisonstocommercialharvestwerenotpossible;however,Storrhashad19tagsreturnedofthetotalof126smallmouthbasstagged.Thesetags,forthemostpart,werereturnedbycommercialandsportfishermen,andanexploitationrateof15.1percentcanthusbeat-tributedtocommercialandsportfishingcombined.Therefore,basedonthelackofanytagreturnsinim-pingement.collections,croppingbythepowerplantswouldbeatleastanorderofmagnitudelessthanthatbyfishingmortality.CohoSalmonCohosalmondonotoccurnaturallyinLakeOntario,butarestockedbyvariousstateandfederalagencies.Thus,theonlypopulationsizedataavailablearefromstockingstatistics.ImpingementatUnit1andtheJAFplantandes-timatedimpingementatUnit2arethereforecomparedtostockingconductedbyNYSDEC.Theestimatedtotalimpingementofcohosalmonfrom1976through1981atUnit1andtheJAFplantwas10fish'YSDECstockedapproximately1,753,000cohofrom1975through1980'.The10fishimpingedatthetwoplantsrepresentaninsignificantportionofthefish'tockedduringthisperiodandthefishreturnsystemonUnit2willreturnanysalmoninadvertantlyentrappedinitscoolingwaterflow.ThreesineSticklebackSincenostandingstockortaggingdataareavailableforthethreespinestickleback,impingementcroppingratescan-notbecalculated.However,thelargecyclesofpopulationabundancesexhibitedbythisspeciesnotedinSection2.4.2andindicatedintheimpingementdatademonstratethatthepopulationisregulatedbyotherfactors(weather,predation,fecundity,orinherentbehavior)whichfarover-ridethelocalizedeffectofimpingementcropping.BrownTrout.ThebrowntroutisnotnativetoNorthAmericabutwasin-troducedintoNewYorkduringthe19thcentury.Recently,LakeOntariostockshavebeenmaintainedbyNewYorkandCanadianstockingprograms.Therefore,croppingatUnit1,theJAFplant,andUnit2iscomparedtoNewYorkStatestockingstatistics.5.3-18 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAnestimated256browntroutwereimpingedfrom19761981atUnit1andtheJAFplant'.NYSDEC1,881,000browntroutfrom1975through1980'ingementcroppingthereforerepresentsless0.02percentofthestockedfish.Unit2representsadditiontothisestimatedcropping.throughstockedandim-thanasmallEndaneredSeciespike(Stizostedionvitreumglaucum),atonetimecommontoLakeOntario,arecurrentlylistedbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceandNewYorkStateasendangeredandthreatened.Neitherspecieshasbeencollectedinim-pingementatUnit1ortheJAFplantnorisanticipatedtobecollectedatUnit2.SummarofIminementImactkTheprecedinganalysesindicatethatthetotalannualmor-talityatUnit2isexpectedtobeverylowforallspecies.ThismortalityrelativetovariousmeasuresofabundanceinthevicinityofNineMilePointindicatesthatplanteffectswillbeinsignificantatthepopulationlevel.Previousanalyses',,'haveindicatedthattheimpingementcrop-pingduetotheoperationofthreemajorpowerplantsattheeasternendofLakeOntariohasaminimaleffectonfishpopulations.BecausethecroppingatUnit2isanextremelysmallincrementofmortality,theconclusionsofthepreviousanalysesarenotchangedwhenUnit2mortalityisaddedtotheexistingeffect.Thisisalsotruefortheconclusionsofananalysisofthelakewideeffectsofcrop-pingwhichincludedalloperatingpowerplantsonLakeOntario.5.3.2DischargeSystem5.3.2.1ThermalDescriptionandPhysicalImpacts5.3.2.1.1HydrothermalDescriptionofAffectedAreaTheUnit2dischargeconsistsofcoolingtowerblowdownflow,servicewaterbypassflow,andwastetreatmentsystemandliquidradwastedischargeflowwhichpassthrougha1.4-m(4.5-ft)diameterpipewithinoneoftheUnit2intaketunnels.Thepipeemergesfromthelakebedatapointap-proximately450m(1,500ft)fromtheexistingshoreline,wherethedischargeflowentersa1.4-m(4.5-ft)diametersteelriserleadingtoatwo-portdiffuserlocatedonthelakebottom.Section3.4providesacompletedescriptionof5.3-19 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSthecoolingsystemanditsexpectedflowrateandassociatedtemperaturerisesfordifferent.operatingconditions.Thedischargeconsistsofatwo-portdiffuser,each0.5m(1.5ft)indiameter,offacommonheaderwithahorizontalangleof120degbetweentheports(Figure5.3-4).Eachportislocated1.1m(3.8ft)abovethelakebottomandan-gled5deguptoreducejetcontactwiththebottom,whichcouldresultinlocalscour.Thecenterlinesubmergenceoftheportsatthepointofdischargeis10.7m(35.2ft),relativetotheminimumcontrolledlakelevel(el74.4m[244.0ft]).Toevaluatetheperformanceofthedischargesystem,maximumsurfacetemperaturesandassociateddilutionfactorswerecomputedforarangeoftotaldischargeflowsandassociatedtemperaturerises.Therangewasselectedtoincludenormalseasonaloperatingmodesaswellaslowprobabilityextremeconditions.5.3.2.1.2TheoreticalFrameworkofMathematicalModelThetheoryofsubmergeddischargesindicatesthateffluentdilutionisdependentontheexitdensimetricFroudenumber,relativeportspacing,andrelativesubmergenceofthedis-chargewhenmomentumandbuoyancyforcesdominatetheplumedynamics.TheFroudenumberrepresentstheratiobetweenthedischargeinertialforceandbuoyancyandisgivenby:VFWhere:V=ExitvelocityD=PortdiameterG=Gravitationalacceleration+=DensitydifferenceoftheeffluentrelativetotheambientwaterRelativeportspacingistheratiooftheportcenterlinespacingtotheportdiameter;relativesubmergenceistheratiooftheportcenterlinesubmergencetotheportdiameter.5.3-20 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAcompleteanalysisofthetrajectory,theextent(length,width,area),andthetemperaturedistributionofthejetplumesystemmustconsiderallofthefollowingfactors:1.Hydrodynamicsofthelake(velocityfieldandam-bientturbulence).2.Lakegeometry(depth,bottomroughness,andlocaltopography).3.Ambienttemperaturedistributioninthevicinityofthedischarge.5.(location,shapeofEffluentcharacteristics(flowrate,densitydif-ferencesfromambientlakewater,anddischargevelocity).IDischargeportcharacteristicsorientation,submergence,sizeandoutlets,numberandspacingofports).KohandFanappliedanintegralmethodinsolvingthedif-ferentialequationsofmass,momentum,andenergyconser-vationundervariousassumptionsencompassingtheprecedingfactors'.Themathematicalmodeldevelopedbythesein-vestigatorsforarowofequallyspacedroundjetsdischarg-ingatanarbitraryangleofinclinationtothehorizontalhassubsequentlybeenusedtogeneratestandardnomogramspublishedbyEPA~'.Thenomogramscanbeusedtopredictthesurfacetemperaturerisesandnearfieldtemperaturedis-tributionsresultingfromeithersingleormultiplesub-mergeddischargejets.ThetemperaturerisedistributionbetweenthedischargeandthepointofjetsurfacingisdeterminedbythedensimetricFroudenumber,therelativesubmergence,andtherelativeportspacingofthedischargesystem.Robideauintroducedtheconceptoftheeffectivedepthofdilutiontothetheoryofsubmergedjets.Briefly,Robideau'sanalysisindicatesthat,dependingontherelativesubmergenceandtheexitFroudenumber,dilutionofthejetoccursoveronlysomeportionofthefulldepthofsubmergencesincetheoverlyingsurfaceplumeprecludesdilutionoftheeffluentinthesurfacelayer.Thus,Robideau'seffectivesubmergenceleadstomorerealisticpredictionsthanthoseofKohandFan.ThemainthrustofRobideau'sformulationisthecon-siderationofthefinitewaterdepthinlimitingtheavail-ablesupplyofambientwaterfordilution.5.3-21 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OlS"Thejetisdeflectedupward,ortowardanyboundary,becausethewateravailableforjetentrainmentisnotunlimited.Thisresultsinthecreationofvorticesintheambientfluidandanassociateddecreaseinpressure."'herefore,Robideau'sapproachwastoassumeasurfaceimpingement,orsurfacemixingregion,inwhichthereisnofurtherdilutionofthejet.Inordertopresent,asynopsisofhisanalysis,thetwoprimaryzonesofjetflowaredefined.Theregionintheimmediatevicinityofthedis-chargeiscalledthezoneofflowestablishmentandextendsfrompointotopointe(Figure5.3-5).Inthisregion,thevelocityandtemperaturedistributionsundergoa'ransitionfromtheprofileofturbulentflowthroughaporttotheGaussiandistributionwhichcharacterizesafreejet.Inthezoneofestablishedflow,whichbeginsatpointe,thejetisunaffectedbyboundariesandistreatedasifitwereinaninfiniteenvironmentuntilitentersthesurfacemixedregionatpointc.Thismixingregionconstitutesacontrolvolumeoverwhichtheequationsfortheconservationofmass,momentum,andenergyarewritteninintegralform.Theseequationsarecombinedwiththedescriptionofthejetinthezoneofestablishedflowtogivethemaximumsurface'emperatureresultingfromasubmergedjetwithvariousdis-chargeconditionsandwaterdepth.Oneofthebasicassumptionsintheanalysisisthatnofur-therdilutionofthejetbyambientwateroccursinthesur-facemixedregion.Becausethecontrolvolumeisamixingregion,thesurfacetemperaturethereisnecessarilyhigherthantheaveragetemperatureoftheincomingplumeflow,butlessthanthemaximumtemperature.Toensureconservativeresultsintheanalysispresentedhere,thismixingwasnotconsidered.Itwasassumedthatthemaximumsurfacetem-peratureisthesameasthatonthejetcenterlineasiten-tersthecontrolvolumeatpointc.FromFigure5.3-5itcanbeseenthatpointcisarelativedistanceycabovethedischarge.Thejetisdilutedasitrisestoyc,buttheremainingdistance,h-yc(wherehisthedimensionlesswaterdepth),providesnofurtherreductioninthejettemperature.ThealgorithmdevelopedbyRobideaudepartsfromtheclas-sicalformulationsofjetplumedilutionbysubstitutingapolynomialdistributionfortheassumedGaussianvelocitydistributionofvelocityintheplume.(r/b)2Gaussian:u=ue5.3-22 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSPolynomial:u'u'1-(r/r)]Where:uandu'=CenterlinevelocityforGaussianandpolynomialdistributionsr=Coordinatenormaltotheroundjetcenterliner=Maximumradiusoftheroundjetwithpolynomialdistributionb=LocalroundjetnominalradiusGaussiandistributionThepolynomialexpressionisaverycloseapproximationoftheGaussianand,infact,agreeswiththeexperimentaldatajustaswell,orbetter,thantheGaussianform.Thiskeymathematicalsubstitutionenablesanumericalsolutionofthevelocityandtemperatureoverdepthbasedonthedis-chargecharacterizedaccordingtoitsFroudenumber.Theplotsoftheratiooftheeffectivedepthfordilution,ytotheactualdepth,h,versusthedischargeFroudenumber,Fo,forvariousdimensionlessdepths,h,havebeenverifiedbycomparisonamongthedilutions1)measuredinhydraulicmodelstudiesndinrecentthermalsurveys',2)predictedaccordingtoRobideau'seffectivedepthofdilution,and3)predictedwiththeuseofthetotalsub-mergenceratherthanitseffectivesubmergence.Whenthedepthcorrectionisnotincluded,predicteddilutionsaregreaterthanthoseactuallymeasured.BecausetheseexperimentaldataagreedwithRobideau'sfind-ingsandaconservativedesignwasdesiredtoensurecom-pliancewithstandards,thedepthcorrectionpresentedbyRobideauwasusedtopredictthetemperaturedistributionsresultingfromtheUnit2discharge.5.3.2.1.3IsothermsandVelocityVectorDataMaximumsurfacetemperaturerisesforarangeofplant.operatingconditionsandtemperaturedistributionsinthenearfieldsubmergedplumewerepredictedforthemostsevereoperatingconditions.GiventhelowpotentialimpactofthesmallvolumeUnit2dischargeandthehighdilutionachievedbythediffuserinthenearfieldregion,complexmodelingoftemperaturedistributionsbeyondthenearfieldisnotnecessary.ThisisconsistentwiththeNRCguidelines,whichstate:"Wherethethermallyaffecteddischargewill5.3-23 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSberelativelysmallandhavelowecologicalimpacts,onlysimplemethodsofanalysisusingconservativeassumptionsneedbeapplied."TheresultsofthesurfacetemperaturerisepredictionsaregiveninTable5.3-8,alongwiththeassociateddischargeconditionsandplantoperatingconditions.Thedetaileddescriptionofworst-caseconditionsisprovidedinSection3.4.Worst-casedischargeconditionswerebasedonthemaximumcoolingtowere'vaporationandthemaximumcoolingtowerblowdowntemperaturedifferentialduringsum-merandwinterconditions.Anannualaverageconditionwasalsomodeled.Twoworst-caseconditionsweremodeledbecausedischargeparametersandfactorsaffectingdilutionsvary.Thewintercase(March)hastheworstdischargeconditionsofhighesttemperatureriseandlowestexitvelocity;however,thecoldambienttemperaturesallowforalessbuoyantplume.Thesummercase(July)hasthehighesttemperatureriseduringthesummermonthswhentheambienttemperatureis21~C(70F)orhigherandnearlowestflow(Augustworstflowwas1.635cum/s[25,954gpm]vsJuly's1.637cum/s[25,984gpm]).Thesummerambient,temperatureswillhaveamorebuoyantplumewhichshouldsurfacequickerwithlessdilution.TheuseofRobideau'sfindingstopredictthesurfacetem-peraturerisesrequiredaslightalterationofhisprocedures.BecauseoftheUnit2dischargedesignandflowrates,themodeledconditionshadFroudenumbersof68'(annual),42.2(summer),and60.6(winter),whichweresignificantlyhigherthanthemaximumFroudenumber(30)usedinhisstudy.Sincethedilutionincreaseswithanin-creasingFroudenumber,aconservativealternativeprocedurewasselected;ice.,useaFroudenumberof30forallcon-ditionswithhigherFroudenumbers.Theresultofthisal-ternativeprocedureisthatthepredicteddilutionofthedischargeswithhigherFroudenumbers(annualandwinter)arelowerthanmayactuallyoccur.Evenwiththeseconser-vativeestimates,thepredictedmaximumdifferenceinthesurfacetemperatureisonly1'C(2.3F).Theimpactofthealternativeprocedureoneffectivedepthisnotasclearaswithdilution.AccordingtoRobideau,increasingFroudenumbers(intherangeof0to30)willde-creasetheeffectivedepth.However,itisunlikelythatthisrelationshipwouldcontinuewithFroudenumbershigherthan30;mostlikelythecurvewillleveloffatasetef-fectivedepth.Thechangesineffectivedepthhavenoim-5.3-24 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSpactonthedilutioncalculationsandmaybenoticeableonlyinthepredictedtemperaturedistributions.AsindicatedinTable5.3-8,theinitialdischargetem-peratureriseisdilutedinexcessof10:1foralldischargeconditions,andsurfacetemperaturerisesarethusalllessthan1'C(2.3F).Thedilutionisachievedinthenear-fieldandthuswillnotvarywithmeteorologicalconditions.Sincemaximumsurfacetemperaturerisesarelessthan1.3C(2.3F)underalloperatingconditions,thedischargeisinfullcompliancewithNewYorkStatesurfacetemperaturecriteriagoverningLakeOntarioasdescribedinSections704.2and704.3oftheNewYorkCodes,Rules,andRegulationsanddoesnotrequiretheallowanceofasurfacemixingzone.Theeffectsoftheworst-casedischargeconditionsonlaketemperatureswerefurtherevaluatedbypredictingthedis-tributionoftemperaturerisesinaverticalsectionthroughthecenterlineofeachdischargejet.Thecomputationalmethodfordeterminingthetemperaturedistributioninthenearfieldisbasedonvariousrelationshipsdescribedintheliterature.Previousstudies'~'aveindicatedthatthedilutionoftemperaturealongthecenterlineoftheplumeoutsidethezoneofflowestablishmentisproportionaltothecenterlinedistanceraisedtosomepower,a.SaoWhere:T(S)=SurfacetemperatureT=Dischargetemperature0S=Centerlinedistancek=Constanta=ConstantThesolutionofthisequationyieldsthetemperaturerisewithdistancealongthecenterlineoftheplume.Todeter-minetheshapeoftheisothermsintheverticalplane,thenomogramsdevelopedbyShiraziandDavis'~'avebeenem-ployedsincetheRobideauanalysisdoesnotexplicitly5.3-25 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSdescribetheplumeshape.TheShiraziandDavisanalysisisbasedonanormalorGaussiandistributionoftemperaturewithperpendiculardistancefromthecenterline.Figures5.3-6through5.3-8showthecross-sectionaldis-tributionoftemperaturerisesinatypicaljet=underthethreemodeledconditionswithnoambient"lakecurrent.Therapiddilutionofthedischargeinthesubmergednearfieldzoneoftheplumeandthesmallsizeofthezonesaffectedbythehighertemperaturerisesareevident.BasedonthepredictionsinFigure5.3-8,thewinterworst-caseinitialdischargetemperatureriseof15.6C(28.0F)willbedilutedby2.8:1to5.5C(10F)within3.7m(12ft)ofeachdischargeport,andby5.6:1to2.8C(5.0F)withinllm(36ft).Underother,lesscriticaldischargecon-ditionswithhighervelocitiesandlowerdischargetem-peraturerises,dilutioninthesubmergedjetwillbeincreased,reducingthezonesboundedbythehigherisotherms.Itshouldbenotedthatthistemperaturedistributionplotshowsdilutionovertheentirewatercolumn,whereastheRobideauapproachdoesnotcreditanydilutionintheuppermixingregion.AmoredetailedsubmergedplumepredictionfollowingRobideau'stypeofanalysiswouldpredictbroader(lesselongated)isothermswithmorerapidcenterlinedilution.Thevolumeofwaterentrainedbytheplumeineithermodeliscomparable.Consequently,themodeluseddoesnotsubstantiallyalterthecross-sectionalareaencom-passedbytheisotherms,asillustratedonFigures5.3-6through5.3-8.Abramovitchhasshownthatvelocityinthenearfieldplumemustdecayalongthecenterlineatleastasrapidlyastemperature'.Ifvelocityandtemperatureinthenear-fieldplumeareassumedtodeclineatapproximatelythesamerate,velocitiesandturbulencewouldbothbegreatestwhenthetemperatureriseisgreatestinthenearfield.Table5.3-9liststhepredictedplumevelocitiesforselectedisotherms.Insummary,thetemperaturedistributionresultingfromtheUnit2dischargecomplieswithapplicableLakeOntariowaterqualitystandards,andtemperaturerisesinexcessof1.7C(3.0F)arepredictedtobeconfinedtoasmallsub-mergedregionintheimmediatevicinityofthedischargestructure.Thesubmergednearfieldregionssubjectedtohighertemperaturerisesarealsoassociatedwithhighvelocityandturbulencelevels.Thethermaleffectsofthedischargebeyondtheimmediatedischargevicinityareminimalbecauseofthelowtemperaturerises5.3-26 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIS(0.5'Cand1.0'C[1.0Fand2.0F])andrelativelylowvolumeofdischarge.Theminimalfarfieldsurfacetemperatureeffects,combinedwiththeoffshoreorientationofthedischarge,servetominimizethepotentialforrecirculationofanymeasurableportionoftheplumethrougheitheroftheinshoresubmergedintakestructures.Thebuoyancyoftheplumetendstores-trictittotheupperlevelsofthewatercolumn,whereastheintakesdrawfromthelowerlevels.Thehighvelocitiesoftheinitialdischargejetmaycausesomelocalbenthicscouringoffinesedimentwherethebot-tomofthejetcontactsthelakebottom.However,theup-wardorientationofthedischargeportsandtherelativelylowdischargeflowservetominimizetheextentofbottomscour.Basedonthepredictionofsubmergedplumesize,thescouredareawillextend,atmost,approximately45m(150ft)fromthedischargestructurewithdepositionoccurringontheperiphery.Althoughthebenthiccommunityinthescouredareawouldbedisrupted,thesmallareain-volvedwouldnothaveasignificantadverseimpactonthebenthiccommunityasawhole.5.3.2.1.4InteractionWithOtherDischargesAsdescribedinSection3.4,theUnit2dischargeislocatedbetweenthetwoexistingthermaldischargesofUnit1andtheJAFplant.Whiletheinitialdischargetemperatureriseforthethreedischargesissimilar,theUnit2dischargeflowrateisbetween6and13percentoftheflowrateofeitherUnit1ortheJAFplant.Becauseofitsextremelylowvolumeof'ischarge(comparedwiththatofUnit1andJAFplantdischarges)andthesub-mergedhighvelocitymodeofdischarge,theUnit2dischargewillhavelittlethermaleffectbeyonditsimmediatedis-chargearea.TheUnit1andJAFplantdischarges,however,canexertathermaleffectatgreaterdistancesfromtheirrespectivedischarges,andthereforemayaffecttemperaturesatthelakesurfaceinthevicinityoftheUnit2discharge.Thus,thegreatesteffectofplumeinteractionswouldoccurintheimmediatevicinityoftheUnit2dischargewhen'aturallakeconditionscausetheplumefromeithertheUnit1ortheJAFplantdischargetobeinthevicinityoftheUnit2discharge.Sincethepredominantcurrentsintheareaarealongshoreineitheraneasterlyorwesterlydirec-tionandtheUnit,2dischargeisbetweentheUnit1andthe5.3-'27 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISJAFplantdischarges,itisimprobablethatbothdischargeswouldinteractsimultaneouslywiththeUnit2plume.Section2.3.1.1.6describestheUnit1andJAFplantplumes.TemperatureelevationsassociatedwiththeUnit1plumehavenotexceeded6.0C(11.0F)atthesurface.TheJAFplantplumeisevenmoredilutedthanthatofUnit1andhasalowertemperatureelevation.WheneithertheUnit1orJAFplantplumeisinthevicinityoftheUnit2discharge,itwillbeconfinedbyitsbuoyancytotheupperhalfofthewatercolumn,usuallytheupper2.1m(7ft).Themethodusedtopredictthesurfacetem-peraturerisesfromtheUnit2dischargealoneincludesdilutionofthejetonlyinthelowerhalfofthewatercolumnandassumesnodilutionfrommixingwithupperlayers.Therefore,thepresenceofasurfaceplumeinthevicinityoftheUnit,2dischargewillnotaltertheconser-vativelypredictedsurfacetemperaturerisesat.thepointofplumesurfacing.AnyinteractionbetweentheUnit2plumeandeithertheUnit1ortheJAFplantplumewillinvolvethemixingoftheUnit2surfaceplume,afterjetsurfacing,withthesur-roundingsurfaceplume.Thetemperaturerisesresultingfromthemixingofthetwoplumesmustnecessarilybebetweenthetemperaturerisesintheseparateplumespriortomixing.WhenthesurfacetemperaturerisesresultingfromtheUnit2dischargearelessthanor.equaltothetemperaturerisesinthesurroundingplume,'theresultoftheinteractionoftheplumeswillbetoreducethehighertemperaturerisesintheplumeoftheexistingstation.ThisresultsfrommixingwiththecoolerUnit2plumeandincreasedmixingwithun-derlyingambientwaterscausedbyturbulenceinthecombinedplurne'heUnit2dischargewillcontributetothevolumeofthecombinedplumecontainedwithinthelowertemperatureriseisotherms;however,thecontributionbasedontherelativedischargeflowbetweenUnit2andtheJAFplantorUnit1willbelessthan10percent.WhentheportionoftheUnit1orJAFplantplumethatin-teractswiththeUnit2plumehastemperatureriseslessthantheUnit2surfacetemperaturerise,theresultwillbeanareaofslightlyincreasedtemperatureriseswithinthecombinedplume.Evenwiththeincrease,however,thesur-facetemperaturerisewillnotexceedthemaximumpreviouslydescribedforUnit2alone,sincetherequireddilutionwilloccurinthelowerportionofthewatercolumn.5.3-28 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSIngeneral,thelocaleffectofinteractionsbetweentheUnit2andeither,theUnit,lorJAFplantplumeswillbetoincreaselocalmixingandproducetemperatureelevationsnogreaterthanthosefromtheexistingplumesorthepredictedmaximumtemperatureeffectofUnit2alone,whicheverisgreater.GiventhevariationspresentinplumesizesthatoccurfromnaturallyvariablemeteorologicalandambientlakeconditionsandtherelativelysmallcontributionoftheUnit2discharge,theoveralleffectsofplumeinteractionwillbenegligibleandmostprobablyundetectable.5.3.2.2AquaticImpactsof,theDischarge5.3.2.2.1BenthosPotentialsourcesfordischargeimpactsonbenthiccom-munities.includetemperature-inducedmortalityofsessileorganisms,plumeentrainmentofsemiplanktonicforms,andscouringofthebottomhabitat.Forthemostpart,benthicorganismsremaincloselyassociatedwiththelakesubstrateandarenotusuallysubjectedtothermalelevationsbecausetheplumeisbuoyant.Afterinitialmixing,aneutrallybuoyantor.sinkingplumemaydevelopduringthewinter.Inaddition,manybenthicspeciesburrowintoandliveinthesediments,whichfurtherprotectthemagainstplume-relatedthermaleffects.Studiesatotherpowerplantshaveshownthatplume-inducedelevationsinwatertemperaturenearthesubstratearenottransmittedthroughthesediments'~~'.Localscourandsubsequentdepositionwillbelimitedtothenearfield.AsdescribedinSection5.3.2.1,thescourareaisprojectedtobewithin45m(150ft)oftheoutfall.Anyimpactsofscouringtobenthoswillbelimitedtothisarea.Basedontheanalysisof6yrofbenthicdatacollectedneartheUnit1dischargeandatacontroltransect,aswellasayearofcollectionattheJAFplant,nomeasurableeffectwasdemonstratedoneitherspeciesassemblagesorabundancesasaresultofoperations','.NonewouldbeexpectedatUnit2which,becauseofitssmallervolume,hasalowerpotentialforcausingimpact.5.3.2.2.2PlanktonPlanktongenerallyexhibitlimitedmobilityandwillbecomeentrainedintothethermalplume.Entrainmentcanaffecttheorganismsinseveralways.Thermaleffectsincludein-hibition,orstimulationofmetabolicprocessesandmortality.Effectscausedbyincreasedturbulencecanin-cludephysicaldamageandredistributionofplanktonicor-5.3-29 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSganismswithinthewatercolumn.Effectsresultingfromchemicalcompositionincludeacuteandsublethaltoxicac-tions'ndsynergisticeffectsofthechemicalswithtemperature.BecauseUnit2hasaclosed-cyclecoolingsystem,thedis-chargewaterswill'bedevoid(ornearlyso)ofliveplankton.Theconsequencesofthismaybeareductioninplanktonstandingstocksintheimmediatevicinityofthedischarge;however,asaresultofmixingofdischargewaterswithlakewaterandthepatchynatureofplanktoniccommunities,thislocalizedreductionisnotexpectedtobeobservable.Thispotentialeffectappliestoalltypesofplankton;theremainderofthisdiscussionwillfocusonphyto-,zoo-,andichthyoplanktonseparately.Theeffectonplume-entrainedphytoplanktonwillmostlikelyresultinanalterationofmetabolicprocessesobservableasachangeinprimaryproductivity.Dependinguponseasonorambient,temperatures,individualspeciesmaybeeitherstimulatedorinhibited,buttheoveralleffectwillbesmall.Studiestodetermine'heeffectofplumeentrainmentonphytoplanktonconductedatJAFfrom1976through1979confirmedthis'..~'.TheresultsofthesestudiesarepresentedinasummaryreportpreparedbyIMS'tudiesconductedbyLMSandTexasInstruments,Inc.(TI)atJAFtodeterminetheeffectsofplumeentrainmentonzooplanktonsurvivalalsoindicatedlittl'eornoeffect.Ingeneral,thesurvi'val'fzooplanktoncollectedintheintakeandsubjectedtoplumesimulationstudiesinthelaboratoryandthosecollectedatthe1.1Cand1.6C(2Fand3F)isothermsinthelakewaswithintherangeobservedforintakeorganisms,indicatingthatthegreatestmortalitywasprobablyaresultofcollectionandhandlingprocedures.LMSreviewedtheliteratureregardingplumeentrainmentofzooplankton'.Thegeneralconclusionwasthattherewasnolastingorpermanenteffect,ofentrainmentonresidentzooplanktoncommunities.ThethermaltoleranceofGammarussp.wasalsoreviewed,and,basedontheavailabledata,theirsurvivalisexpectedtobehighevenifGammarusisentrainednearthedischargeportsandexposedtothefulleffectsofthedischargeplume'heeffectsofplumeentrainmentonichthyoplanktonwerestudiedattheJAFplantduring1976,1977,and1978'ivelarvaewereobtainedandsurvivedthesimulation5.3-30 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISprocess,demonstratingthatfishlarvaecansurvivetheplumetemperaturesexpectedfromtheUnit2discharge.InordertofurtherevaluatetheimpactoftheUnit2plumeonichthyoplankton,theavailableliteratureonthermalef-fectswasreviewed'.Ingeneral,thesestudiesprovidedconservativeestimates.Eggsandlarvaewereexposedtotemperatureincreasesforaminimumof30min.AttheJAFplant,anorganismentrainedexactlyatthepointofdis-chargeisexposedtotemperatures5C(9F)aboveambientforlessthan2secfortheworst-casecondition,andthetimeislessatUnit2.Ingeneral,thecitedstudiesfoundthata10C(18F)increasedidnotaffectsurvival,whilea15C(27F)increaseresultedinlessthan50percentmortality.SincethesestudiesweredoneforexposureperiodsthatweresubstantiallylongerthanexpectedatUnit2,itisanticipatedthatplumeentrainment.atUnit2willhaveaminimaleffectonsurvival'feggsandlarvae.Insummary,dischargeimpactsofUnit.2onplanktoncom-munitiesareexpectedtobeminimal.TheseconclusionsarefurthersupportedbytheaquaticecologystudiesconductedforUnit1andtheJAFplantfrom1972to1978,whichshowednomeasurablereductionsinplanktonnumbersnoralterationsintemporalpatternsinthethermallyinfluencedareaascomparedtothecontrolareas.Basedonthis6-yrdatabaseandtherelativelysmallflowratebeingdischargedbyUnit2ascomparedtoUnit1andtheJAFplant,thethermaldischargeisexpectedtohaveaminimalimpactontheplank-toncommunities.5.3.2.2.3NektonThermaldischargescanaffectthroughindividualcontact,andfectsresultfromaninteractionpotentiallystressfulconditionsbalanceinitiatedthroughdirect.populationsbothdirectly,indirectly.Indirectef-ofthedischargewithotherorfromanecosystemim-effects.Fishcanvoluntarilyswimintotheplumeorbeentrainedintoit.Thetemperaturedistri'butionsintheplumein-dicateasharptemperaturegradientcausedbytherapiddilutionproducedbythehighvelocitydischarge'herefore,thelikelihoodofafishintentionallyexperienc-ingthefullhTbyswimmingintotheplumeisveryremote.Onlythosefewfishentrainednearthedischargeportswillexperiencethehighesttemperatures,andtheexposureperiodwillbeontheorderofonlyafewseconds.Analysisoflaboratory-derivedcriticalthermalmaxima(CTM)indicatesthatsomemortalitycouldoccuratthehighestacclimation5.3-31 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLStemperatures(20'C-25C[68F-77F])forfishthatex-periencethefull15.6C(28F)hT'.However,asdiscussedinasummaryreportpreparedbyLMS,CTMsaredeterminedbyraisingtemperatureuntilequilibriumlossoccurs'.Fishentrainedintothethermalplumeexperienceabriefexposuretoahightemperaturefollowedbyarapiddeclineastheplumemixeswithlakewater.-Duringthebriefexposure,thefish'sbodytemperaturewillnotreachec{uilibriumwithambient,anditcanbepostulatedthatthetemperatureatwhichadverseeffectswilloccurishigherthanthelaboratoryCTM.LMSanalyzedtheavailabledataonswimmingspeedsinfishandonpredictedplumevelocitiesanddeterminedthatmostspeciescouldvoluntarilymaintainthemselvesintheareaof30cm/s(0.98fps)watervelocityduringthesummermonthswhentheirswimmingabilityisatamaximum'~'.Temperatureincreasesof1.5C(2.7F)aboveambientareexpectedinthisarea.Upperincipientlethallevelsforallspeciesofconcernatlowtomoderateambientlaketemperaturesarewell'abovetemperaturesinthe30cm/s(0.98fps)areaoftheplume'.Summerlethalthresholdsforsmallmouthbass,yellowperch,whiteperch,.spottailshiner,threespinestickleback,andyoung-of-the-yearalewifearealsoabovetheplumetemperaturesunderconsideration.Behavioralcharacteristicsofotherselectedspecieswilltendtokeepthemawayfromthedischargeareaduringtheperiodofwarmambienttemperatures.Browntrout,cohosalmon,andrainbowsmeltarecold-waterspeciesthatnor-mallyresideinthecoolwatersofthelakedepthsduringthesummermonths.Adultalewives,whicharelesstolerantofhightemperaturesthanyoung-of-the-yearalewives,alsomovetothecoolwaters'~'.Sublethaleffectsthatcouldresultfromathermaldischargeincludealterationsinthereproductivecycle,changesingrowth,andchangesinfeedingpatterns.Alterationstothereproductivecyclecouldbemanifestedasdelaysinspawningorreducednumbersofeggs.Changesingrowthandfeedingcouldaffectoneanotherandbothcouldprecipitatechangesinthereproductivecycle.Noalterationsattributabletooperationoftheexistingplantshavebeendetectedin"thefishcommunity(Section5.3.1.2).Inconclusion,thedataindicatethatoperationofexistingplantshasnotmeasurablyaffectedthefishpopulationsofLakeOntario,andtherelativelysmalladditionofheatofUnit2isnotexpectedtohaveasignificantimpact.5.3-32 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.3.2.3PlantShutdownMortalityof.aquaticlifeduetocoldshock,i.e.,abruptexposureoforganismsacclimatedtoawarmeffluentto-verylowambienttemperatures,hasoccurredatanumberofpowerplants.Thesma'llsizeoftheUnit2dischargeplumelimitsthepotentialforresidency.However,somefishandbenthicspeciesmaybecomeacclimatedtothedischargeplumeoutsidethehighvelocity(andturbulent)area.IntheeventofaUnit2shutdown,thetemperatureattheUnit2outfallwouldreturntotheslightlyelevatedtemperatures(0.5C-l.0C[1F-2Fj)producedbytheUnit1ortheJAFplantplume.Fishwouldthenseekouttheirpreferredtemperaturewithintheexistingplume's.Becauseofthedynamicnatureoftheplume(constantlymovingduetochangingwindandcurrent),fishresidingwithintheplumemustregularlychangepositiontoremainattheirpreferredtemperature.'enthicorganismsexperienceelevatedtemperaturesonlyinthenear-fieldwheretheplumecontactsthesubstrate.Inthisarea,theorganismswouldeitheracclimatetothechangingtem-peraturesorburrowintothesubstrate.Simultaneousshutdownofallthreeunitsisvery-unlikely.Aminimumofoneplantwouldbeoperatingandprovideazoneofelevatedtemperaturethroughoutthewintermonthsforanyacclimatedresidentstothedischargearea.Therefore,thepotentialformortalitydue"tocoldshockresultingfromaUnit2shutdownisminimal.5.3.3Heat.DissipationSystem5.3.3.1HeatDissipationtotheAtmosphereThenatural-draftcoolingtoweristheonlysignificantsourceofplanteffluentcapableofaffectinglocalmeteorologyandterrestrialecology.Thefollowingsectionspresentadiscussionoffogging,icing,drift,humidity,andtheirimpactonlocalweatherandecology.TheseimpactsarealsoaddressedinanNRCreportonthecoolingtowerat2<25>5.3.3.1.1Predictions'oftheFollowingImpactsfortheAffectedSiteandVicinityLocations5.3.3.1.1.1AdditionalAmountsofGround-LevelFoggingandIcingandTransportationImpactAmbientairbecomesheatedandmoisture-ladenwheninducedthroughthenatural-draftcoolingtower.Thisairisdis-chargedfromthetowerasaplumewhichmaybeoccasionally5.3-33 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSvisible.Thefrequencyofvisibleplumeoccurrenceanditsextentdependonthemeteorologicalconditionsexistingatthetimeandthedesignandphysicalparametersofthetower.Amathematicalmodel,usingasinputsimultaneousobser-vationsofwindspeed,winddirection,ambientdry-bulbtemperature,ambientwet-bulbtemperature,andrelativehumidity,isusedtodeterminetheconfigurationandextentofvisibleplumesfromthenatural-draftcoolingtoweratUnit2~OnsitemeteorologicaldatafortheperiodJanuary1,1974,throughDecember31,1976,areusedforthevisibleplumepredictions.ThemathematicalmodelusedinthisanalysisisdescribedindetailinFSARAppendix2C.TheresultsofthesemodelpredictionsareillustratedonFSARFigures2.3-1through2.3-25,whichdepict-.thefrequencyofoccurrenceofvariousplumeextentsineachofthefourprimarywinddirectionquadrantsforeachseasonoftheyearandfortheentire3-yrperiod.Thesecontoursdonotrepresentindividualplumeoutlinesbutthecombinationofmanyindividualplumes,toshowthemaximumhorizontalandverticalextentofthevisibleplumeforeachgivenfrequencyofoccurrence,Thevisibleplumerarely(<0.2percent)descendsbelowheightsof91m(300ft)aboveground,ascanbeseenonFSARFigures2.3-1through2.3-25.Inaddition,morethan90percentofthetime,theplumesdonotextendbeyond1,370m(4,500ft).Theplumeremainsaloftbecauseitisinitiallyinjectedintotheatmosphereataheightof165m(541ft)withanexit=velocityof3-6m/s(10-20fps)andisbuoyantbecauseitstemperatureex-ceedsthatoftheambientair.Occurrencesofvisibleplumesbelowtheheightofthetowerareduetostrongwindsandtheassociatedtower-inducedturbulenceinthewindfield.AscanbeseenonFSARFigure2.3-25,lessthan1percent.ofthevisibleplumesfallbelowthetowerheightatadistanceof762m(2,500ft)orgreater.Basedonthemodelingresultsandthefactthatthenearestairportisover16km(10mi)fromtheUnit2site,itisexpectedthatairtrafficwillbeunimpededbythecoolingtowerplumes.Furthermore,inacomprehensivestudycon-ductedatthe=ChalkPointGeneratingStation,itwascon-cludedthatthenatural-draftcoolingtowerplumeposednohazardtoaircraftintermsofflightvisibility,turbulence,oricingtostructuresandengines'~~'.Sincethevisibleplumerarelydescendsbelowheightsof91m(300ft)abovegroundanddoesnotimpingethegroundsurface,itwillnotcontributetogroundfoggingoricing.5.3-34 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSInaddition,groundicingduetocoolingtowerdriftwasas-sessedandfoundtobeoflittleconsecpxence.Thiscon-clusionwasbasedontheresultsofthemodelinganalysispresentedinSection5.3.3.1.1.2,inwhichamaximumannualsurfaceaccumulationofwaterduetodriftwasestimatedtobe0~08mm(0.003in).Assumingthatthisentireac-cumulationofwateroccurredduringfreezingconditions,itisstillaninsignificantamountcomparedwithalighticestorm,whichisdefinedasonethatdepositslessthan2.5mm(O.lin)oficeperhour'.Therefore,impactstohighwayorlaketrafficarenotexpected.5.3.3.1.1.2Annualand/orMonthlyAmount,ofDriftDepositioning/sgmorDriftConcentrationinmg/cumAmathematicalmodelisdevelopedtodeterminethedownwinddistributionofsalt,thewaterdeposit'ion,andtheconcen-trationofairbornesaltresultingfromcooling'oweroperation.AdetaileddescriptionofthemodelandresultsarecontainedinFSARAppendix2D.Themodeltakesthefollowingintoaccount:1.Configurationandperformanceofthetower.2.Driftrate.'3.Exitvelocity.4.Totaldissolvedsolids(TDS)level.5.Dropletsizedistribution.6.Evaporationrate.7.Plumebuoyancy.8.Windspeed.9.Winddirection.10.Wet-bulbtemperature.11.Relativehumidity.Theamountofdriftleavingthecoolingtowerisassumedtobe0.002percentofthecirculatingwaterflowthroughthetower.Thisnumberislessthanthatguaranteedbythecoolingtowermanufacturer,andinfactevenlowerdriftratepercentagesmaybeachieved.MonthlyaverageTDS5.3-35 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OfSconcentrationsintheblowdownand3yrofonsite,hourlyaveragemeteorologicaldata(January1,1974,throughDecember31,1976)areusedasinputtothesaltdriftmodel.Themeteorologicalinputdatausedinthemodelconsistofwindspeed,winddirection,dry-bulbtemperature,wet-bulbtemperature,andrelativehumidityatthe61-m(200-ft)level.Thedifferencebetweenthedry-bulbtemperaturesat61m(200ft)andat8m(27ft)(hT)isalsoused.Normally,thelowlevelrelativehumiditywouldbeusedtodeterminetowerperformance,butduetothelargeamountofmissingdataforthisparameter,theupperlevelrelativehumidityischosen.Acomparisonoftherelativehumiditiesatthesetwolevelsshowsanaveragedifferenceofonly4.6percent,whichhaslittleeffectonthesaltdriftmodelresults.Theresultsofasensitivitytestofthedriftmodeltorelativehumidity,using.1month(December1974)of'eteorologicaldata,showanll-percentdecreaseinthe.maximumsaltdepositionrateandan8.7-percentdecreaseinthemaximumwaterdepositionratebyusingthe61-m(200-ft)relativehumidityinplaceofthe9.1-m(30-ft)relativehumidity.Thereisalsoasubstitutionofthe31-m(100-ft)winddirectionwhenthe61-m(200-ft)winddirectionismissingtoensurethatahighpercentageofdataisused.Thispracticedoesnotsignificantlyaffect,thesaltdriftresultsbecauseoftheverysmallchangesinwinddirectionwithheightbetweentheselevels.Predictedaverageannualsaltdepositionratesinlb/acre/yrareshownon'SARFigure2.3-26.Themaximumsaltdepositionrateispredictedtobe0.03g/sgm/yr(0.27lb/acre/yr),occurringapproximately2,000m(6,562ft)northwestofthetower.,FSARFigure2.3-27presentsannualwaterdepositionratesinlb/acre/yr,withamaximumvalueof77.4g/sgm/yr(690.6lb/acre/yr)occurring2,000m(6,562ft)northwestofthetower.Thisamountcorrespondsto0.08mm(0.003in)ofwater,peryear.Predictedaveragemonthlysaltdepositionratesinlb/acre/yrareshownonFSARFigures2.3-28through2.3-39.Monthlyandseasonalwaterdepositionratesarenotshownbecausethemaximumannualamountof0.08mm(0.003in)isinsignificantcomparedtoannualprecipitationatthesiteofover76cm(30in).5.3-36 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSInadditiontothedriftdepositionrates,airbornesaltconcentrationsatgroundlevelarecalculated.Themaximumannualaverageairbornesaltconcentrationispredictedtobe0'.83xlO~mg/cum(5.18x10'4lb/cuft)atadistanceof2,400m(7,874ft)northwestofthetower.Thehighestvalueoverlandispredictedtobe5.6x10~mg/cum(350x10~4lb/cuft)at1,067m(3,500ft)southofthetower.Avalueof1.22x10mg/cum(7.62x10lb/cuft)ispredictedforthemaximumhourlyairbornesaltconcen-trationwhichoccursatadistanceof500m(1,640ft)west-northwestfromthetower.Themaximumhourlyairbornesaltconcentrationoverlandispredictedtobe1.19xlO~mg/cum(7.43xlO~~lb/cuft)atadistanceof1,067m(3,500ft)west-southwestofthetower.5.3.3'.1.3CloudDevelopmentandCloudShadowingTheextenttowhichnatural-draftcoolingtowerplumescon-tributetocloudformationcanbequalitativelyassessedbasedonobservationalstudiesconductedatthreeoperating,natural-draftcoolingtowersites'.Ateachofthesesites,'oolingtowerplumeswereobservedtooccasionallycausebrokenclouddeckstobecomeovercastandtomakethincloudsthicker.Separatecloudformationsweresometimesobservedtoresultfromvisibleplumeformationfromthecoolingtowersbutusuallyataltitudesofseveralthousandfeetaboveground.Therefore,thepotentialforincreasedclouddevelopmentduetocoolingtoweroperationappearstobeminimalcomparedtothepotentialfordevelopmentduetonaturalcauses.Theimpactofplumeshadowingdependshighlyontheextentanddurationofvisibleplumeformation.TheresultsoftheanalysispresentedinSection5.3.3.1.1.1provideaquan-titativeassessmentoftheconfigurationandfrequencyofoccurrenceofvisibleplumesresultingfromtheoperationoftheUnit2tower.FSARFigure2.3-25indicatesthatanyshadowingeffectsofthevisibleplumesontheregionwouldbeverylocalized,sincelessthan10percentoftheplumesextendbeyond1.6km(1mi)fromthetower.Likewise,.theinfrequentoccurrenceofplumeslongerthan1.6km(1mi)wouldmostlikelybeonnaturallycloudydays,whichwouldnotcontributetoshadowing.Therefore,itishighlyun-likelythatcoolingtowerplumes:shadowingwouldhaveanad-verseimpact.onanyoffsitelocations.5.3-37 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.3.3.1.1.4WeatherModificationinTermsofIncreasedPrecipitationThenatural-draftcoolingtoweratNineMilePointcouldcreateaninsignificantlysmallincreaseinprecipitation,primarilyduringthewintermonths.Sufficientresearchandfielddataarenowavailabletoruleoutthetriggeringofviolentstormssuchasthunderstormsorsqualls.Observationsofprecipitationfallingfromnatural-draftplumesareverylimited.KramerandSeymourhavedocumentedoneobservationoflightrainfallingfromanatural-draftcoolingtowerplumeandseveralobservationsoflightsnowfall'.Thoughitmaybepossibleforacoolingtowertomodifytheprecipitationpatternimmediatelydownwindofthetower,itwillnotalterthetotalprecipitationintheregion,asthewatervaporemissionsfromthetoweraresmallcomparedtonatural.fluxes'uringthewinterof1975-1976,Krameretalobservedlightsnowfromseveraldifferentcoolingtowerplumeson10separatedays.Furthermore,onlylight,fluffysnowfallhasbeenobservedinstudiesofnatural-draftcoolingtowerplumesassociatedwithpowerplantsofasizesimilartoUnit.2.Theseeventshavebeenofshortduration,andtheareaaffectedbytheprecipitationhasbeenconfinedtotheregionunderthevisibleplume.Noneoftheseoccurrencestookplaceduringtheagriculturalseason.Thoughlittleisknownabouttheactualprecipitationmechanismscausingthesnowfall,itwasfoundtooccuronlyduringstableatmosphericconditionswithtemperaturesbelow-12C(10F)attheheightoftheplumecenterline.TheseobservationshavebeentheoreticallysubstantiatedbyKoenig'~~'.Whilestudiesofactualnatural-draftcoolingtowerplumeshavenotdocumentedanycasesoftheplumestriggeringathunderstormorsquall,thepotentialforacoolingtowerplumetotriggersuchaneventhasbeenanalyticallyconsidered.HannahascomparedtheenergyproducedbynaturalphenomenasuchasthunderstormsandGreatLakessnowsquallsandfoundthattheenergyproducedbythesephenomenais10to10,000timestheenergyreleasedbyawetcoolingtowerata1,000-MWgeneratingstation'.Sucheffectsrequireconcentratedheatreleasesinasmallarea,substantiallylargerthanthosefromtheUnit2coolingtower.5.3'-38 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSinceLakeOntarioisalargesourceoflocalweathermodificationsalongitsshores,theeffectofthecoolingtowerisminusculeincomparison.Thelakecreatesverylargevariationsintheamountsandfrequencyofprecipitationsothatchangesassociatedwiththetowerplumeshouldbeimpossibletomeasure.5.3.3.1.1.5HumidityIncreaseTheamountsofmoistureemittedfromcoolingtowersnotonlycontributetovisibleplumeformationbutalsomayincreaseambientground-levelrelativehumidities,eveniftheplumeremainsaloft.Inordertoevaluatethepotentialaugmen-tationofambientrelativehumiditiesduetocoolingtoweroperation,amathematicaldiffusionmodel,whichincor-poratestower-specificinformationandonsitemeteorologicaldata,isdeveloped.AdetaileddescriptionofthismodelisprovidedinFSARAppendix2E.ThemodeldescribedinFSARAppendix2EisutilizedtodeterminerelativehumidityincreasesduetotheoperationoftheUnit2natural-draftcoolingtower.Usingtower-specificinformationonevaporationrateandotherperform-ancecharacteristics,alongwithlocaltopographicinformation,themodelisrunwitha3-yronsitemeteorologicaldatabase(1974-1976)toarriveatlong-andshort-termincreasesinrelativehumidityasafunctionofdistanceanddirection,fromthetower.TheresultsofthismodelrunarepresentedinTable5.3-10,whichcontainsmaximumhourly,daily,monthly,andannualaverageincreasesinground-levelrelativehumidityforeach22.5-degsectorfromthetower.Thistablealsoincludestheaverageam-bientdiurnalchangesinrelativehumidityatthesiteasabasisforcomparison.Themaximum1-hrrelativehumidityincreaseof3.3percentpointsouttheinsignificantimpactofthecoolingtowerwhencomparedwiththediurnalfluc-tuationsofrelativehumidity,asshowninFSARAppendix2B.Thereasonforsuchasmallincreasecanberelatedtothelargedischargeheightofthecoolingtower(165m[541ft]),whichallowsthemoisturetoeffectivelydispersebeforereachingtheground.Therefore,nosignificanthumiditychangesareexpectedfromthiscoolingtower.5.3.3.1.1.6InteractionoftheHeatDissipationSystemPlumeWithExistingPollutantsThechemicalinteractionofthenatural-draftcoolingtowerplumewithanylocalindustrialpollutantplumesinthevicinityofNineMilePointshouldhaveanegligibleimpactontheenvironment.Bothresearchandliteratureindicate5.3-39 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSthatthemergingofnatural-draftcoolingtowerplumeswithnearbyfossilorindustrialplantplumesproducesnodetrimentaleffects.QuantitativefieldstudiesperformedbyPennsylvaniaStateUniversityatKeystoneandBowenPowerPlantsandbytheChalkPointCoolingTowerProjectsupportthisconclusion,asdoqualitativestudiessponsoredbyAmericanElectricPowerServiceCorporationatfivefossil-fuelpowerplantsites(Amos,-Gavin,Muskingum,BigSandy,andMitchell).'heabsenceofanypublishedreportsonadverseeffectsinCoolingTowerEnvironment(1974and1978)indicatesthatasof1978,therewerenoknownormeasuredimpactsfromthemergingofnatural-draftcoolingtowerplumeswithassociatedfossilorindustrialplumes'urthermore,asummarybyArgonneNationalLaboratoryoftheatmosphericimpactsofevaporativecoolingsystemsconcludesthatthelackofreportedsignificantadverseimpactscausedbythemergingofstackandcoolingtowerplumessuggeststhattheeffectsofmergingareofminorimportance'llsourcesofchemicalplumesarelocatedmorethan2.0km(1.3mi)fromthenatural-draftcoolingtower,includingthenearestfossil-fuelplant,whichis11km(7mi)away.Mergingoftheseplumesorentrainmentofanindustrialorfossil-fuelplantplumeintothecoolingtowerplumeisaremotepossibility.Sinceplumemergingrequiresthat,onesourcebedirectlydownwindoftheotherandthattheplumesbeatthesamealtitude,andsincethepredictedfrequencyofcoolingtowerplumesgreaterthan1.6km(1.0mi)inlengthislessthan10percentofthetimeannually,themergingofplumesshouldbeextremelyinfrequent.5.3.3.1.2UnusualHeatDissipationSystemImpactsTherearenoanticipatedheatdissipationsystemimpactsotherthanthosedescribedinSections5.1.1,5.1.3,5.3.3.2,and5.8.1.Unusualimpactsofdriftemissionsandblowthrough,suchasdiscoloringorcorrosionofplantstructures,transmissionlineinterruptionorstationoutageduetosaltbuilduponswitchyardsortransmissionlineinsulators,ordamageduetoicebuildupontransmissionlinesorstructures,areveryunlikely.Theuseoffresh-water(solidsconcentrationofabout400ppm)asmakeuptothecoolingtowerandthesignificantemissionheight(165m[541ft))ofdriftandwatervaporresultinverylowsolidsdeposition'atesandwatervaporconcentrationsatgroundlevel(Section5'.3.1.1),precludingtheoccurrenceofsuchimpacts.Inaddition,operatingexperiencewithfreshwater5.3-40 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSnatural-draft;coolingtowershasnotshownanyoftheunusualimpactspreviouslydescribed.5.3.3.1.3MitigatingActionsDuetotheextremelyminornatureoftheatmosphericimpactsassociatedwiththeheatdissipationsystem,asdescribedinSection5.3.3.1.1,nomitigatingactionsarerequiredforthissystem.5.3.3.1.4SummaryofUnavoidableAdverseImpactsTheresultsoftheatmosphericimpactanalysesoftheheatdissipationsystem,asdescribedinSection5.3.3.1.1,in-dicatethattherearenosignificantunavoidableadverseim-pactsassociatedwiththissystem.5.3.3.2ImpactstoTerrestrialEcosystems5'.3.2.1InducedIcingonVegetationVegetationintheNineMilePointregioniscommonlysub-jectedtonaturalicing(FSARSection2.3.1).Itisex-pectedthatthecoolingtowerwillnotinduceicing(Section5.3.3.1.1.1),andnosignificantdamagetolocalvegetationisexpected.5.3.3.2.2EffectsofChemicalDischargesonVegetationOperationofthenatural-draftcoolingtoweratthesitewillresultinthereleaseofwaterdropletscontainingdis-solvedsolids,includingconcentrationsofsodium(9percent),calcium(17percent),chloride(19percent),andsulfate(44percent)ions(Table3.6-1).Theemissionofthesedroplets(i.e.,saltdrift)representsasourceofpotentialimpacttoterrestrialecosystems.Saltinjuryofwoodyplantshasbeenattributedtochloride(Cl)andsodium(Na+)ions',~.Theexactmechanismofplantinjuryduetotheseionshasyettobeestablished;however,vegetativeshootcontentofClisconsideredtobeareliableindexofthedegreeofsaltinjury'"'.Ingeneral,thegreatertheamountofClintissue,themorerapidtheonsetofdamageandthemoreseveretheinjury'4'~'atafortheCllevelsintissueofinjuredplantsareof-tenextremelyvariablebecauseofspeciesspecificity,plantpartsampled,timeofsamplecollection,andanalyticaltechniques'~'.Inaddition,plantsurvivalinsalinesoils5.3-41 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISdoesnotautomaticallyimplysurvivalwheresaltisappliedtothefoliage'"'.Thus,anyassessmentofpotentialsaltdriftinjurymustincludeconsiderationsoftheeffectsduetotheaccumulationofsaltsinthesoilandtheeffectsduetodepositionofairbornesalts,eitherasparticulatesorinsolution,onplantfoliage.SoilSalinizationInthepresenceofhighconcentrationsofsolublesaltsintherootingzoneofplants,uptakeofwaterandnutrientsbytheplantsmayberestricted.Moreover,insomeplants,theabsorptionofsalineconstituentsmayresultinadamagingorlethalaccumulationofaparticularion.Sublethalac-cumulationofsolublesaltsmayalsoinhibitgrowthandproductivityofplants.Factorsthatappeartobemostimportantintoleranceofplantstosaltsinthesoilareclimate,soilpermeability(includingvarioussoilchemicalandphysicalparameters),plantgenetics,physiology,andpathologicresponses'~~Highsurfacerunoff'rappreciabler'ainfallandgoodsoilpermeabilityincreasetherateatwhichmostsaltsarecar-riedorleachedfromthesoil.Toxicaccumulationislesslikelyundertheseconditions;Fromthestandpointofsoilsalinization,noappreciableim-pactresultingfromoperationofthenatural-draftcoolingtowerisanticipatedeitherforvegetationattheUnit2siteorforagriculturalcropswhichmaybegrownoffsite.'hisassessmentisbasedonthefollowing:Theestimatedmaximumannualaveragerateofsaltdepositionresultingfromthenatural-draftcoolingtoweris30.37kg/sqkm/yr(0.27lb/acre/yr),oc-curring2,057m(6,750ft)northwestofthecoolingtower(Section5.3.3.1.1.2).Depositionratesoverlandinvegetatedareasareless.Themaximuman-nualdepositionratepredictedforvegetatedareas(pasture,woods,andagriculturalparcels)is11.08kg/sqkm/yr(0.099lb/acre/yr)andoccurs991m(3,250-ft)west-southwestofthecoolingtower(inthevicinityoftheVisitorsCenter).2~Thedriftiscomposedprimarilyofcalcium(17percent)andsulfate(44percent)ions.Bicar-bonate(7percent)andothertraceionsmakeupanother4percent.Na+andClionsconstituteonly9and19percentofthedrift,respectively.Thus,themajority(72percent)oftheconstituents5.3-42 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSofthesaltdepositedatthesitebyoperationofthecoolingtowerarethemuchlesstoxicionsofcalcium,.sulfate,bicarbonate,andothers.3~Thepotentialforsaltaccumulationinthesoilisgreatlyreducedbytherelativelyhighrateofrainfallof91cm(36.41in)'annually(Section2.7.1)andthehighsoilpermeability.AnestimateofdissolvedsolidsinthewaterpassingthroughthesoilduetocoolingtowerdriftwascalculatedusingthemaximumpredictedannualdriftdepositionrateoverlandofO.illkg/ha/yr(0.099lb/acre/yr)andtherainfallrateof0.925m/yr(36.41in/yr).Thisestimateisextremelycon-servativebecauseitassumesthatallsaltresultingfromtoweroperationanddepositedonthesoilremainsinthesoilandisnotleached.Theaverageincreaseindissolvedsolidsforwaterpassingthroughthesoil991m(3,250ft)westofthetowerisestimated'at0.012ppmannually.Concentrationswouldbelesselsewhereonsiteandinoffsiteareas.Bernsteinfoundthateventhemostsensitivespecieswerenotaffectedatsoilsalinitiesoflessthan1,280ppm'~'.Thus,giventhispotentialincrementalin-creaseinsoilsalinities,itishighlyunlikelythatevensalt-sensitivespecieswouldbemeasurablyaffectedbyoperationoftheUnit2coolingtower.FoliarSalinizationMostoftheavailableliteratureaddressingtheeffectsofsaltspraysonvegetationisqualitativeinnature'altsfromaerosolsprayshavebeenshowntoaccumulateandcausedamagetoleavesofmanyspecies'aturallyoccurringlevelsofchloridehavebeenshowntoaccumulateinfloweringdogwood(Comusflorida)leavesduringmuchofthegrowingseasonandtoreachnear-toxiclevels(3,800ug/g[1.6625gr/oz]dryweight)justbeforeleafabscission'.Saltsalsoplayanimportantroleinthezonationofbeachcommunitiesandaffecttheproduc-tivityofmanyagriculturalplants'enerally,foliarsalinizationtendstobemoreharmfulun-derhumidconditionsthandryconditions'therfactorsthatappeartodeterminethedegreeoffoliardamageincludeprecipitation,windvelocity,temperature,sunlightavailability,insectdamage,speciestolerance,age,growthform,andcumulativedose'.Inaddition,foliarinjurymayoccurinresponsetoextendedlowlevelsofaerosolsaltconcentrations(chronic)orinresponseto5.3-43 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLShigherlevelsofaerosolsaltconcentrationsforrelativelyshortperiodsoftime(acute).Itappearsthat,inthepresenceofacorrespondingincreaseinleafchloridelevels,theminimaldepositionofsaltdriftthatwouldcauseinjurytosensitivespeciesofnativeperennialsisabout10kg/ha/mo(11lb/acre/mo)'.Basedonmathematicalmodelpredictionsperformed,amaximumof0.19'g/ha/mo(0.17lb/acre/mo)ofsaltwouldbedepositedneartheNineMilePointsite,2,210m(7,250ft)west-northwest,ofthecoolingtower.Depositionratesoverlandinvegetatedareaswillbeless.Thedegreeofsaltdamagewillalsodependontheseasonaldistributionandamount,ofrainfallandtheabilityofnativevegetationtoaccumulatechlorideoverthegrowingseason.Thus,littlepotentialforinjurytonativeperennialsfromsaltdriftexists'oadverseimpacttonativeperennialsoragriculturalcropsisanticipated,sincepredicteddepositionratesarefarbelowthoselevelsknowntocauseinjury.5.3.3.2.3EffectsofHeatDissipationSystemOperationonWildlifeTheprincipalsourcesofpotentialimpacttowildlifefromtheoperationoftheheatdissipationsystemarefogandsaltdriftfromthecoolingtower,towernoise,andbirdcollisionswiththetowerduringinclementweather.Anyimpactstowildliferesultingfromdensefogwouldprobablybelimitedtoareductioninactivitylevels,par-ticularlyinbirds.GroundfogintheareaoftheNineMilePointsiteoccurs,ontheaverage,about0.02percentofthetime(FSARSection2.3.1).Fogginginthevicinityofthecoolingtowerisnotexpectedtoincreasesignificantlyduetotoweroperation(Section5.3.3.1.1~1).Sincewildlifeintheareaexperiencesfogundernaturalconditions,anyslightincreasesofincidencewhichmightoccurduetotheoperationofthetowerwouldhavenoadverseimpactonthefaunaofthe'rea.Themajoreffectofsaltdriftonwildlifeoccursthroughalterationofhabitat(whichservesasfood,shelter,andbreedingcover).Itisunlikelythatwildlifepopulationswillbeaffected,becauseitisanticipatedthattherewillbelittleornoadversesaltdrifteffectonvegetation,duetothenatureoftheconstituentsofthedrift,thelowdepositionrates,andthedilutionprovidedbyrainfall.Severalfactorsareinvolvedinthereactionofwildlifetothenoisegeneratedbycoolingtoweroperation.Animals5.3-44 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISgenerally,exhibitaninitialfrightreactiontoelevatednoiselevels,followedbyaperiodofacclimation,dependingontheintensityofthenoiselevelandthedegreetowhichitismonotonousorrepetitive'.Onsite,thisreactionwillalsoberelatedtothenoiselevelspresentpriortothecommencementofplantoperation,sincepreviouscon-ditionsmayreducetheperiodofacclimation.Thepredictedmaximumnoiselevelatthepropertyboundaryduringoperationoftheplant(includingUnit1andambient)rangesfromabout32to40dBA(Section5.8.1.3).Duringoperationofthetower,theintensity.andqualityofthenoisewillremainmoreorlessconstant.Inthepresenceofthesemonotonoussounds,theanimalsareexpectedtoadapttothemandresumetheirnormalpatternsofbehavior.Consequently,thenoiseproducedbystationoperationshouldhavenopermanentadverseimpactonthewildlifeinthearea.Theheightandwidthofthecoolingtowerpresentapoten-tialhazardtomigratoryspeciesofbirds.Fromthebase(el79.3m(260ft],4.3m[14ft]abovelakelevel),thetowerextendsapproximately164.9m(541ft)abovegrade,anditswidthvariesfrom136m(446ft)atthebaseto83.2m(273ft)atthetop.Itwill*alsooccasionallyproducevisibleplumesthatextendsomewhat.belowthetopofthetower(FSARFigures2.3-1through2.3-25).Theassess-mentofpotentialimpact,discussedinthefollowingparagraphs,isbasedonconsiderationsofbirdmigratorypatterns,migratorycues,andmeteorologyintheOswego.area.Hochbaumstatesthatabird'seyesarethebasicsensoryor-ganfromwhichitreceivesitsinitialorientation'.Inflight,birdsmustmaintaintruespatialorientation.Oncleardayswithgoodvisibility,orientationisnotaproblem.However,atnightand/orunderadverseweatherconditions,suchaslowceilingswithprecipitationand/orfog,nocturnallymigratingbirdsmaybecomespatiallydisoriented.Herbertstatesthatforbirdstomaintainavisualhorizonunderadverseweatherconditions,theyareforcedtomigrateatlowerelevations'.Ingeneral,mostsmallbirdsmigrateatelevationsabove152.4m(500ft)'.Shadowsandlights,suchasaircraftwarninglightsatoptallbuildings,television-radiotowers,andceilometers,mayspatiallydisorientbirdsthatnormallyutilizenaturallandandwatershadowsagainstthehorizonasvisualcues'.Inattemptingtoorientthemselves,birdsmayseeknewvisualreferencesandthusorientthem-selvestoafalsehorizon.Theirflightmaythenbecomeer-5.3-45 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSraticanduncontrolledwiththediscrepantvisualandsen-sorycues.Birdsmayalsoflydirectlyintotheground,building,towerguywires,orotherbrightlyilluminatedstructuresatnightbecauseofacompletelossofvisualcues.Thismayoccurwhenthelightsourceisconstantorisacontinuallyrotatingbeamandcompletelyobliteratesanybackground,causingbirdstolosetheirvisualcuestothehorizontal.Majorperiodsofpotentialbirdmortalitywouldbeexpectedtooccurduringpeakperiodsofnocturnalmigrationunderunfavorableweatherconditions,althoughlossesmayoccuratanytimeduringtheyear.Studieshaveshownthat.mostbirdlossescoincidewithovercastweatherconditions,windshiftsduetopassingcoldfronts,andprecipitationand/orfog.Somekills,however,haveoccurredonclearnights.GuywiresassociatedwithradioandTVtowersappeartoberesponsibleforalargepercentageofbirdmortalities'SomequantitativeinformationisavailableonbirdkillsatTVtowersandlargebuildings.Duringthe1972fallseason,561birdswerekilledatfourTVtowersinNorthDakota'talsohasbeenreportedthat576birdswerekilledduring1nightattheWashingtonMonumentinWashington,DC'irdcollisionswithcoolingtowershavebeenobservedandrecordedattheThreeMileIslandNuclearStationontheSusquehannaRivernearHarrisburg,PA;theDavis/BesseNu-clearPowerStationonthesoutheastshoreofLakeErienearPortClinton,OH;andtheBeaverValleyPowerStation-Unit1ontheOhioRiver.AttheThreeMile.Islandsite,66birdcollisionswerereportedfromJuly17,1973throughMay31,1975(predominantlypasserines,vireos,kinglets,andwarblers).AttheOhiosite,157birdcasualtieswerereportedduringthefallof1972andspringandfallof1973seasons.Itwasalsoreportedthat.ducksandgullsreadilyavoidedtheDavis/Bessetower.AttheBeaverValleysite,27birdcasualties(onlypasserines)wereobservedduring9seasonsofmonitoring.Themortalityofbirdsfromanuclearpowerplantwithcoolingtowersappearssmallcomparedtomortalityduetootherhazardsencounteredduringmigration.Forexample,migratinggamespeciesfaceanadditionalhazardduringthefallmigrationperiod.ThroughoutNewYorkState,aswellasotherpartsofthecountry,largenumbersofmigratorygamebirdsareharvested-duringannualhuntingseasons5.3-46 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS(Table2.4-7).Theharvestofgamebirdshasnotbeendetrimentaltothesurvivalofthesespecies.Inassessingthepotentialimpactofthenatural-draftcoolingtowerattheUnit2site,alloftheprecedingfac-torsmustbetakenintoconsideration.Itisanticipatedthatthemajorityofthebirdmortalitiesassociatedwiththecoolingtowerwilloccurduringthespringandfallmigrationperiods,sincetheNineMilePointStationislocatedinamajorflyway'~'.Mortalitieswillprimarilyoccurwhenweatherconditionsareunfavorable,forcingbirdstomigratebelow152.4m(500ft)atnight.Thepotentialformassmortalitiesatthesiteisreducedforanumberofreasons:Thecoolingtowerassociatedwiththefacilityislocatedsouthoftheplantandislightedinac-cordancewithFAAregulations,usinghigh-intensitywhitebeaconsflashingat40flashes/minute.The.towerwilloccasionallyproducevisibleplumesthatextendbelowthe152.4-m(500-ft)level(Section5.3.3.1.1.1).Theseplumes,bythem-selves,arenotexpectedtoaffectoverallambientvisibility.Also,theheightofthetower(164.9m[541ft])iswellbelownormalmigrationlevels.2.AlongLakeOntario,thespringandfallmigrationperiodsmayextendover2to3months,withpeakmovementsexpectedovera6-to8-weekperiodduringtheyear.Thepotentialforlargemor-talitiesofmigratorybirdswithinthisperiodisfurtherreducedbythelowfrequencyofoccurrenceofunfavorableweatherconditions.DataprovidedbytheRochesterweathertapes(1949to1958)in-dicatethatthetotalfrequencyinoccurrenceofceilingsbelow152.4m(500ft)withvisibilityofzeroto1.6km(1mi)are1.3percentofthetimeinthespring(March,April,andMay)and0.7percentofthetimeinthefall(September,October,andNovember).Duringa17-daystudycon-melodia)waskilledattheNineMilePointmeteorologicaltowerandnobirdmortalitiesoc-curredatthestacks'.LakeOntario,inthevicinityofthe.site,ismoderatelyusedbymigratorywaterfowlandbirdsforrestingandfeedingduringmigration.Thepotentialformortalityfromwaterfowlandhawks5.3-47 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OZS(Falconiformes)flyingintothecoolingtowershouldbereducedbecausethesebirdsaremostac-tivediurnallywhenorientationisgenerallynotaproblem.Thisconclusionissupportedinotherstudiesonbirdmortalityattowers.Thesestudiesindicatethatonlyasmallpercentageofthebirdsthatarekilledarewaterfowlorhawks'henthelowfrequencyofoccurrenceofceilingsbelow152.4m(500ft)iscombinedwiththeshortperiodoftimeofmoderatebirdmigrations(6to'weeks/yr),thepotentialformassmortalitiesatthesiteisgreatlyreduced.Somelossesofpasserinespeciesmayoccur,evenduringtheday,butthesearenotexpectedtobeappreciablewhencomparedtoothersourcesofbirdmortalityoccurringfromnaturalandmanmadehazardsduringmigration.5.3-48 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.3.4ReferencesLawler,MatuskyScSkellyEngineers.JamesA.FitzPat-rickNuclearPower-Plant316(b)DemonstrationSubmission:.PermitNY0020109.PreparedforPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1977.2.Lawler,MatuskyESkellyEngineers.,PowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,JamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant316(a)DemonstrationSubmission.PermitNo.NY0020109.PreparedforPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork.3.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudySummary(1973-1981).PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1982.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.1974NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1975.5.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.1976NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.2vols.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1977.,6.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.1975NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1976.7.TexasInstruments,Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1977AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1978.8.TexasInstruments,Inc.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies1978AnnualReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1979.9.StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation.StudiestoAl-leviatePotentialFishEntrapmentatUnitNo.6,-OswegoSteamStation.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,NY,1977.5.3-49 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS10.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.EvaluationoftheAngledScreenFishDiversionSystematOswegoSteamStationUnit6,InterimReport.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,NY,1982.Edsall,T.A.;Brown,E.H.,Jr.;Yocum,J.G.;andWolcott,R.S.C.,Jr.UtilizationofAlewivesbyCohoSalmoninLakeMichigan.U.S.FishandWildlifeService,GreatLakesFishLaboratory,AnnArbor,MI(UnpublishedManuscript),1974.12~Smith,S.H.TheAlewife.Limnos,1968,No.2,p1-10.13.Wells,L.SeasonalDepthDistributionofFishinSoutheasternLakeMichigan.Fish.Bull.,1968,Vol.67(l),p1-15.14.Storr,J.F.FishTagReportSummary,1972-1976.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1977.15.NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC).CommercialFishingStatisticsforNewYorkStateWatersfor1976.InALettertoJ.Matousek(Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers)fromJ.H.Kutkuhn(USDI,U.STFishandWildlifeService,GreatLakesLaboratory)datedApril15,1977.16~17.Lawler,MatuskyEcSkellyEngineers.OswegoSteamStationUnits1-4.IntakeConsiderationsNPDESPermitNY0002186.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1976.Lawler,MatuskyEcSkellyEngineers.316(a)Demon-strationSubmission:NPDESPermitNY0001015:NineMilePointUnit1.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1975.18.19.Koh,R.C.Y.andFan,Loh-Nien.MathematicalModelsforthePredictionofTemperatureDistributionsResultingFromtheDischargeofHeatedWaterintoLargeBodiesofWater.WaterPollution.ControlResearchSeriesEPA-16130DWO10/70,1970.Shirazi,M.A.andDavis,L.A.WorkbookofThermalPlumePrediction.I.SubmergedDischarge.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,NationalEnvironmentalResearchCen-terEPA-R2-72-005a,1972.5.3-50 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS20.Robideau,R.F.TheDischargeofSubmergedBuoyant,JetsIntoWaterofFiniteDepth.GeneralDynamics,ElectricBoatDivisionReportU440-72-121[PB214-475],1972.21~Quirk,Lawler8MatuskyEngineers.EffectofCir-culatingWaterSyst:emonLakeOntario:WaterTem-peratureandAquaticBiology.(OswegoSteamStationUnit6]PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1972.22.Abramoyitch,G.N.TheTheoryofTurbulentJets.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,1963.23.CentralHudsonGas6ElectricCorporation(CHGE).RosetonGeneratingStation:Near-FieldEffectsofOnce-ThroughCoolingSystemOperationonHudsonRiverBiota.CentralHudsonGas6ElectricCorporation,Poughkeepsie,NY,1977.24.TexasInstruments,Inc.1979NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCor-porationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1980.25.NuclearRegulatoryCommission.EvaluationoftheEn-vironmentalEffectsduetotheChangeinCoolingSystemsatNineMilePointUnit,2FromaOnce-ThroughSystemtoaClosedCycleSystemUtilizingaNatural-DraftCoolingTower.DocketNo.50-410,April1981.26.Davis,E.A.EnvironmentalAssessment.ofChalkPointCoolingTowerDriftandVaporEmissions.TheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,AppliedPhysicsLaboratory,Report,No.PPSP-CPCTP-28,March1979.27.CondensedTableofCriticalValues.FederalMeteorologyHandbook,No.1,UnitedStatesGovernmentPrintingOffice.28.Kramer,M.L.;Smith,M.E.;Butler,M.J.;Seymor,D.E.;andFrankenberg,T.T.CoolingTowersandtheEnvironment.JournaloftheAirPollutionCon-trolAssociation,Vol.26,No.6,June1976.29.Kramer,M.L.andSeymour,D.E.JohnE.AmosCoolingTowerFlightProgramData,December1975-March1976.AvailableA.E.P.ServiceCorporation,EnvironmentalEn-gineeringDivision,Canton,OH,1976.5.3-51 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS30.Carson,J.E.AtmosphericImpactsofEvaporativeCoolingSystems.ArgonneNationalLaboratoryReportANL/ES-53,Argonne,IL,October1976.31.Kramer,M.L.,et'l.SnowfallObservationsfromNaturalDraftCoolingTowerPlumes.Science,Vol.193,1976,p1239-1241.32.Koenig,L.R.AnomalousSnowfallCausedbyNatural-DraftCoolingTowers.AtmosphericEnvironment,Vol.15,No.7,1981,p1117-1128.33.Hanna,S.R.MeteorologicalEffectsofCoolingTowerPlumes.PresentedattheCoolingTower-InstituteWinterMeeting,Houston,TX,January25,1971.34.Dittenhoefer,A.CDanddePena,R.G.AStudyofProductionandGrowthofSulfateParticlesinCoal-OperatedPowerPlantPlumes.PresentedattheInter-nationalSymposiumonSulfurintheAtmosphere,Dubrovnik,Yugoslavia,September7-14,1977.35.Thomson,D.W.;dePena,R.G.;andPena,J.A.,Editors.EnvironmentalMeasurementsofPowerPlantCoolingTowerandStackPlumes.DepartmentofMeteorology,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,PreparedforAEC,ERDA,andDOE,undated.36.Woffinden,G.J.,etal.CoolingTowerPlumeSurvey.Vol.1,TechnicalSummary,MRI76FR-1462,November1976.37.Kramer,M.L.',etal.CoolingTowersandtheEnvironment.AirPollutionControlAssociationJournal,Vol.26,No.8,August1976.38.Hanna,STR.andPell,J.,Editors.CoolingTowerEnvironment-1974.ERDASymposiumSeries,CONF-740302,USERDATechnicalInformationCenter,OfficeofPublicAffairs,Washington,DC,1975.39.CoolingTowerEnvironment-1978Proceedings:ASym-posiumonEnvironmentalEffectsofCoolingTowerEmissions.SponsoredbyPowerPlantSitingProgram,MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandWaterResourcesResearchCenter,UniversityofMaryland,PPSP-CPCTP-22,WRRCSpecialReportNo.9,May1978.40.Dirr,M.A.ToleranceofHoneylocustSeedlingstoSoil-AppliedSalts.HortScience,Vol.9,1974,p53-54.5.3-52 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLS41.Rich,A.E.EffectsofSaltonEasternHighwayTrees.AmericanNurs'eryman,Vol.135,1972,p36-39.42.Shortie,W.C.;Kotheimer,J.B.;andRich,A.E.EffectofSaltInjuryonShootGrowthofSugarMaple,Acersaccharum.PlantDisease,Reporter,Vol.56,No.11,1972,p1004-1007.43.Dirr,M.A.SaltsandWoodyPlantInteractionsintheUrbanEnvironment.BetterTreesforMetropolitanLand-scapesSymposium,Proceedings.USDAForestService,GeneralTechnicalReportNE-22,1976.44.Bernstein,L.;Francois,L.;andClark,R.SaltToleranceofOrnamentalShrubsandGroundCovers.Jour-naloftheAmericanSocietyforHorticulturalScience,Vol.97,No.4,1972,p550-556.45.Hayward,.H.E..andBernstein,LEPlantGrowthRelationshipsonSalt-AffectedSoils.TheBotanicalReview,Vol.24,1958,p584-635.46.Bernstein,L.SaltToleranceofPlants.AgricultureInformationBulletinNo.283,UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,December1964.47.Berg,C.V.D.TheInfluenceofSaltintheSoilontheYieldofAgriculturalCrops.FourthInternationalCon-gressofSoilsScienceTransactions,1950,p411-413.48.Boyer,J.S.Effectsof.OsmoticWaterStressonMetabolicRatesofCottonPlantswithOpenStomata.JournalofPlantPhysiology,1964,p229-234.49.Gaile,J.;Kohl,H.C.;andHagan,R.M.ChangesintheWaterBalanceandPhotosynthesisofOnion,.Bean,andCottonPlantsUnderSalineCondition.PhysiologiaPlantarum,Vol.20,1967,p408-420.50.Carpenter,E.D.SaltToleranceofOrnamentalPlants.AmericanNurseryman,Vol.131,1970,p12-71.51.Strogonov,B.P.PhysiologicalBasisofSaltToleranceofPlants.IsraelProgramforScientificTranslations.DanielDavey6Co.,1964.52.Walton,G.S.PhytotoxicityofSodiumChlorideandCal-,ciumChloridetoNorway,Maples.Phytopathology,Vol.59,1969,p1412-1415.5.3-53 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS53.NOAA,LocalClimatologicalData,Syracuse,NY,1980.54.Devlin,R.M.PlantPhysiology.VonNostrand-ReinholdCo.,NewYork,NY,1969.55.Wittwer,S.H.andTeubner,F.G.FoliarAbsorptionofMineralNutrients.AnnualReviewofPlantPhysiology,Vol.10,1959,p13-32.56.Ehlig,C.F.andBernstein,L.FoliarAbsorptionofSodiumandChlorideasaFactorinSprinklerIrrigation.ProceedingsoftheAmericanSocietyforHorticulturalScience,Vol.74,1959,p664-670.57.Edlin,H.L.Salt,BurnFollowingaSummerGaleinSoutheastEngland.QuarterlyJournalofForestry,1957,p46-50.58.Traaen,A.E.InjurytoNorwaySpruceCausedbyCalciumChlorideUsedAgainstDustonRoads.Agronomy,1950,p185-186.59.Strong,F.C.AStudyofCalciumChlorideInjurytoRoadsideTrees.MichiganQuarterlyBulletin,Vol.27,No.2,1944,p209-224'0'oss,A.E.EffectsonTreesofWind-DrivenSaltWater.JournalofForestry,Vol.39,1940,p421-425.61.Moser,B.L.AirborneSeaSalt-TechniqueforExperimen-tationandItsEffectsonVegetation.Unpublished,1973.PresentedattheCoolingTowerSymposium,Univer-sityofMaryland,bytheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources,March1973.62.Moser,BAC.andSwain,R.L.EnvironmentalEffectsofSaltWaterCoolingTowers-iPotentialEffectsofSaltDriftonVegetation.ReporttoJerseyCentralPowerandLightCompany,1971,p1-45.63.Oosting,H.J.TolerancetoSaltSprayofPlantsofCoastalDunes.Ecology,Vol.26,No.1,1945.64.Swain,R.L.AirborneSeaSalt:SomeAspectsoftheUp-takeandEffectsonVegetation.UnpublishedM.S.thesis,RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswick,NJ,1973.65.Holmes,F.W.SaltInjurytoTrees.Phytopathology,Vol.51,1961.5.3-54 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS66~Holmes,F.W..andBaker,J.H.SaltInjurytoTrees,Vol.2-SodiumandChlorideinRoadsideSugarMaplesinMassachusetts.Phytopathology,Vol.56,1966.67.Curtis,C.;Gauch,H.;andSik,R.PossibleEffectsofSaltDriftonAnnual,Perennial,andOrnamentalSpeciesofPlants.ChalkPointCoolingTowerStudy,MarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources,1973,p32-42.68.Curtis,C.R.;Lauver,TEL.;Francis,B.A.;andDouglass,L.W.SeasonalVariationsintheSaltLoadofMotivesDogwoodTreesnearChalkPoint,Maryland.CoolingTowerEffectsonNativePerennialVegetationPreoperationalReport,April'PCTP-7,SpecialReportNo.2,Attach-ment.2,1976.69.Boyko,H.(ed.)SalinityandAridity-NewApproachestoOldProblems'r.W.JunkPublishers,TheHague,Netherlands,1966.70.Roffman,A.,etal.TheStateoftheArtofSalt,WaterCoolingTowersforSteamElectricGeneratingPlants.PublicationWASH-1244,UC-12.PreparedfortheUnitedStatesAtomicEnergyCommission,DivisionofReactorDevelopmentandTechnology,ContractNo.AT(11-1)bf2221.February1973.71.Oosting,H.J.andBillings,W.D.VegetationalZonationonCoastalVol.23,No.2,1942.FactorsAffectingDunes.,Ecology,72.Stalter,R.FactorsAffectingVegetationalZonationonCoastalDunes.UnpublishedasofJune1973.73.Boyce,STTheSaltSprayCommunity.EcologicalMonographs,Vol.24,No.1,1954,p29-67.74.BoyceThompsonInstitute.EffectsofAerosolDriftProducedbyaCoolingTowerattheIndianPointGeneratingStationonNativeandCultivatedFloraintheArea.Unpublishedreport,EnvironmentalBiologyProgram,Yonkers,NewYork..SubmittedtoConsolidatedEdisonCompany,NewYork,NY,January25,1974.75.Toth,S.J.PotentialEffectsofSaltSprayDepositiononSoilsandSurfaceWater.UnpublishedSummaryinForkedRiverNuclearStation,GeneralPublicUtilitiesProgramtoInvestigatetheFeasibilityofNaturalDraftSaltWaterCoolingTowers,AssessmentofEnvironmentalEffects.January1972.5'-55 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS76.Maire,R.A.andMaire,B.M.ComparativeAnimalBehavior.Brooks/ColePublishingCo.,Belmont,CA,1970.77.78.79.80.81~Hochbaum,H.A.TravelsandTraditionsofWaterfowl.UniversityofMinnesotaPress,Minneapolis,MN,1955,p301'ilsonStoddard,HEL.andNorris,R.ADBirdCasualtiesataLeonCounty,Florida,T.V.Tower:AnEleven-YearStudy.BulletinNo.8.TallTimbersResearchStation,Tallahassee,FL,June1967.Howell,J.C.,etal.BirdMortalityatAirportCeilometers.TheWilsonBulletin,Vol.66,1954,p207-215.Herbert,Q.D.SpatialDisorientationinBirds.BulletinNo.82(4),1970,p409-419.Bellrose,F.C.TheDistributionofNocturnalMigrantsintheAirSpace.TheAuk,Vol.88,1971,p397-424.82.83.84.85'6~87.Brewer,R.andEllis,J.A.AnAnalysisofMigratingBirdsKilledataTelevisionTowerinEastCentralIllinois,September1955-May1957.TheAuk,Vol.75,1958,p400-414'emper,CDA.ATowerforT.V.-30,000DeadBirds.Audubon,March-April1964,p86-90.Caldwell,L.D.andWallace,G.J.CollectionsofMi-gratingBirdsatMichiganTelevisionTower.JackPineWarbler,Vol.44,3,1966.p117-123.Cochran,W.W.andGraber,R.R.AttractionofNocturnalMigrantsbyLightsonaTelevisionTower.TheWilsonBulletin,Vol.70,1958,p378-380.NorthernPrairieWildlifeResearchCenter.In-vestigationsofBirdMigrationsandBirdMortalityattheOmegaNavigationStation,LaMoure,NorthDakota-1971.Jamestown,ND,December1971.Weir,R.D.AnnotatedBibliographyofBirdKillsat.Man-madeObstacles:AReviewoftheStateoftheArtandSolutions.Dept.ofFishandtheEnvironment,CanadianWildlifeService,Ontario,1976.5.3-56 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS88.Avery,M.andClement,T.BirdMortalityatFourTowersinEasternNorthDakota-Fall1972.PrairieNaturalist4,1973,p87-95.89.Overing,R.HighMortalityattheWashingtonMonument.TheAuk,Vol.55,1938,p679.90.Mudge,J.E.andFirth,R.W.,Jr.EvaluationofCoolingTowerEcologicalEffects-AnApproachandCaseHistory.AmericanNuclearSociety21stAnnualMeeting,1975.91.Rybak,E.J.;Jackson,W.B.;andVessey,S.H.ImpactofCoolingTowersonBirdMigration.ProceedingsofSixthBirdControlSeminar,1973,p187-194.92.DuquesneLightCo.1978AnnualReport,Non-RadiologicalVol.1,BeaverValleyPowerStation.93.Smith,G.A.andMuir,D.G.1978DerbyHillSpringHawkMigrationUpdate.TheKingbird,Vol.28(i):p5-25.94.Muir,D.G.(ed.)1978-80DerbyHillNewsletter.Onon-dagaAudubonSociety,Syracuse,NY,Vol.1-3.95.PersonalcommunicationwithJ.Miakisz,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,August24,1982.96.NorthernPrairieWildlifeResearchCenter,BureauofSportFisheriesandWildlife.InvestigationsofBirdMigrationandLossesAssociatedwiththeOmegaNavigationStation,Lamoure,NorthDakota-Spring1972.Unpublished.97.Schneider,C~P.PreliminaryBiomassEstimatesfortheDemersalPortionofAlewife,RainbowSmelt,andStandingStocksinNewYorkWatersofLakeOntario.GreatLakesFisheryCommission,LakeOntarioCommitteeMeeting,March8-9,1977,AgendaVII,p1-9.5.3-57

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE53-1PROJECTEDTOTALENTRAINED'OTALINMATERBODYSEGMENTSANDPERCENTCROPPINGOPGAMMARUSPASCIATUSNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2SamplingPeriodProectedVolume<4)m>EstimatedEntrainmentAbundance<<>No./m3EstimatedEntrainmentNo.EstimatedStandingCrop<<>~x~lOiEstimatedPercentCroinMaxMeanJan-FebMar-AprHay-JunJul-AugSep-OctNov-Dec164681749018.17818.1781814718.128178251813718~178193001814718.1282.74002720.2420.31202170.27645124764405673;945-0048.844934406023945.0086492698601318405145991459.90520180070030030.030560180070-03003003<<~Section3.3,Table3.3-1.<<~Reference3.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE53-2PROJECTEDTOTALENTRAINEDANDPERCENTCROPPINGOFALEWIFEEGGSATNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2SamplingPeriodUnit2ProjectedFlow<>>m3x10~1976Entrainment<>>No./m3Uttt1JAPProjectedUnit,2Entrainment(x10~)BasedonUnit1JAFEstimatedTotalinWaterSegment<>>~x10~tEstimatedPercentCroinBasedonUnit1JAPJun6-12Jun13-19Jun20-26Jun27-July3Jul4-10Jul11-17Jul18-24Jul25-31Aug1-7Aug8-14Aug15-21Total(Jun6-Aug21)Mean(Jun6-Aug21)2.08420842-08420842.08420842;0842084208320832.083000250018102634.412421079113930-48102700.0680.000000930608.0579.80737861435008008670562000.00500382.138717159213164819991.00205620142008846280420000196.37716.791204387.890299101671.80611710057650524191190823~943.99U100.1197,2575332,552.4149,800362i646.210,317844340071U50830060.020010.79<001<001<001<0.01<0010.03000010000.010030180.01<0.01<001<0010.020.26000.01<<bisection3.3,Table3.3-1.<>>Reference6.C3>Reference1-1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE53-3PROJECTEDTOTALENTRAINEDANDPERCENTCROPPINGOFALEWIFELARVAEATNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2SamplingPeriodUnit2Projected1976Entrainment~>>Flow<<iNo./m~m~x10+Unit1JAFProjectedUnit2Entrainment(x10~)BasedonUnit1JAFEstimatedTotalinWaterSegment<>>x10+EstimatedPercentCroinBasedonUnit1JAFJun13-19Jun20-26Jun27-Jul3Jul4-10Jul11-17Jul18-24Jul25-31Aug1-7Aug8-14Aug15-21Aug22-28Aug29-Sept4Sep5-11Sep12-18Sep19-25Sep26-Oct2Oct3-9Oct10-16Oct17-2320842.0842.084208420842.0842084208320832.0832.08320822081208120812.0812079207920790.00.00.00400130.0540.0080.0140.48100150.3720.13501160.0040.0080.0120.006000100010.0010000060071001501370020030025240527061204380.03200020.0050.00090.0006000030-0020.002000.000080.0270.1130.0170.0291.00200310.7750.281024200080.0170025001200020002000200001201480.03102860.04206255.257109812750912006700040.010001900120.006000400040.140.8536114.54175732743038320.64133.84160.9036.5960771187.03NSNSNSNSNS000.00.220.190640.050.103.130020480770400.68022001~414100211630132061640.820792490110340.14Total(Jun13-Oct23)Mean(Aug1-Sep4)25930.4669812l.722142.55033121KEY:NS=Notsampled.<<>Section3.3,Table3.3-1.<<~Reference6.cm>Reference1.1of

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISTABLE53-4PROJECTEDTOTALENTRAINEDANDPERCENTCROPPINGOFRAINBOWSMELTLARVAEATNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2SamplingPeriodUnit2ProjectedFlow<<>m*x10+1976Entrainment<>>No./m~JAFUnit1ProjectedUnit2Entrainment(x10~)BasedonUnit1JAFEstimatedTotalinWaterSegment<>>ix~10>EstimatedPercentCroinBasedon.Unit1May2-8May9-15May16-22May23-29May30-Jun5Jun6-12Jun13-19Jun20-26Jun27-Jul3Jul4-10Jul11-17Jul18-24Jul25-31Aug1-7Aug8-14Aug15-21Aug22-28Aug29-Sep4Sep5-11Sep12-18Sep19-25Total(May2-Sep25)Mean(May30-Jul17)208320832.0832.0832.08420842-084208420842.084208420842.0842083208320832.0832.082208120812081000600-00800.00600020001000001000400000100030.004002000000000100060.0040-006002100050000010007000200000100010000000100.00100010.1150004001200017000120004000200000200080000020.00600080042000000002003500080.012004400100000020.01500040000020.00200.00200.0020.00201420012NSNSNSNS9462233042840352.303001120110.970540.450.420.130043NS3320.130.1800700=0.09027000211~1117810~00000.1201319703300009050036000370440150046036KEY:NS=Notsampled.<<>Section3.3,Table3.3-1.c~>Reference6.<>>Reference1.1of1

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.3-5ESTIMATEDMEANMONTHLY%ANDTOTALYEARLYIMPINGEMENTFORSELECTEDSPECIESNINEHILEPOINTUNIT1~seciceYearlyTotaIJanFebMar~Mabrune~ul~Au~Set~OcNovDecAlewifeRainbowsmeltWhiteperchYellowperchSmallmouthbassCohosalmonThreespinesticklebackBrowntroutSpottailshiner1,261,91079,939',6662,817223<645,589123,2981,30113,9881,09957935<11,25323002845,3776281982602,071011260,5046,9571,613102ll<14,872<1231631,96411,9819181285<120,0440260399,27810,79822191224<114,645<11p25244,6701,57144423001p171126828,4403573711313<1961318533'185361667815<1211079,7781,435377367033<18420p049962116771303405117,0503,69858320216095113614,97422,2798633502801061312<<Meanestimatedimpingementbasedonmonthlycollectionfrom1973through1981.1or1

MineMilePoint,UnitER-OISTABLE5.3-6ESTIMATEDTOTALENTRAPMENTANDMORTALITYFORSELECTEDSPECIESNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2~SeciesAlewifeRainbowsmeltWhiteperchYellowperchSmallmouthbassCohosalmonThreespinesticklebackBrowntroutAnnualTotalUnit11,261,91079,9396,6662,817223645,58912AnnualTotalEntrapmentUnit2'~'52,38215,9881.3335634519,118AnnualTotalMortalityUnit2'~'28,15313,59078$282<1456ObtainedbymultiplyingUnit1totalby0.20,theratioofdesignplantflows.'ObtainedbymultiplyingUnit2totalbytheestimatedmortalityrateinthefishdiversionsystembasedontheOSSUnit6diversionresults.1of1

,4 NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSTABLE53-7STANDINGSTOCKESTIMATESFORALEWIFEANDRAINBOWSMELTINTHENYSDECOSWEGOSECTORSALLOFNEWYORKSTATE'SWATERTO110M(360FT)~ANDTHETOTALUS.LAKEAREA<<>PercentCroppedatUnit1Percent,CroppedatUnit2~eecieeLocationNumberEstimatedImpingedMortalityatUnit1atUnit2StandingStockAd3ustedStandingStock<<iStandingStockAdjustedStandingStockStandingStockAdjustedStandingStockAlewifeOswegosectorN.Y.Statewatersto100m(360ft)~>>Lake-wide(U.S.only)~~~226r083e0001,256,021,000RainbowOswegosectorsmeltN.Y.Statewatersto110m(360ft)<>>Lake-wide(U.S.only)<~>79,93913'9011,703,51017,902,65099,459,0001/261,910228,153122,998,3001,229,983,0002,260,830,00012,560,210,000117,035,000179,026,5009945900001.030.560.100.680.440.080.100060010070.040010.200.100020.120.080.010019001000020.0120.0080.001C~~Reference97.<<~Standingstockfrombottomtrawlcollectionsmultipliedby10forupperwatercolumnfish.<>>Represents18%ofU.S.lakesurfacearea.<~>Extrapolatedto100%ofU.S.lakesurfacearea.1of1

'I~

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OZSTABLE53-8PREDICTINGSURFACEDILUTIONANDAT-NINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2OperatingConditionAnnualaverage2440744LakeElevation<<>AmbientTemeratureoc50100DischargeFlow<<>~mm~/s28,75218117>>6498Discharge<<>ATocDilution~>>AT/hT0084oF148og0.82Summerworst244074.47021.125,98416425831440084216121Minterworst2440744320023~05514527991550.0842341~27<<~Minimumcontrolledlakeelevation.<<iSeeTable3.3-1.~>>Includesdepthcorrectionsandcorrectionfor5percentupwardorientation.1of1 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.3-9PREDICTEDPLUMEVELOCITIESATNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2OperatingCondition/SeasonPredictedVelocitiesinmsfsatIsothermLevels100F5.0F3.0F2.5F1.5FAnnualaverageSummerworstMinterworst3.1(10.3)1.9(6.3)1.6(5.2)1.6(5.2)1.0(3.2)0.8(2.6)0.9(3.1)0.6(1.9)0.5(1.6)0.8(2.6)0.5(1.6)0.5(1.6)

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.3-10GROUND-LEVELINCREASESINAMBIENTRELATIVEHUMIDITY(RH)DUETOTHEOPERATIONOFTHENATURAL-DRAFTCOOLINGTOWERATNINEMILEPOINTDownwind~SeccrMaxAnnuaIMaxMonthlyRHIncreaseDistanceRHIncrease~OiaanceMaxDailyRHIncrease~Dieance~fmMaxHourlyRHIncreaseDistanceftmNNNENEENEEESESESSESSSWSWWSWWWNWNWNNW0.0020.0010.0010.0020.0050.0120.0180.0140.0120.0050.0030.00010.0050.0010.0020.0033,2503,7503,0002,7502,5002,7503,0003,0003,2503,5003,5004,7504,5003,5003,5003,2509911,1439148387628389149149911,0671i0671,4481,3721,0671,0679910.0100.0130.0150.0200.0430.2300.1600.0880.0530.0700.0390.0040.0140.0170.0100.0134,0003,7503,0002,5002,5002,7502,7503,0003,5003,0003p2504,2504,2503,5003,2503,0001p2191,1439147627628388389141,0679149911,2951,2951,0679919140.220.100.440.581.701.803.301.000.520.680.850.110.380.260.290.213,2504,5003,0002,5002,7502,7502,7502,7503,0003,0003,2504,2504,0003,7503p2503,5009911,3729147628388388388389149149911,2951,2191,1439911,0671.401.602.001.602.102.803.302.202.402.502.501.101.501.601.401.803,2503,5003,2504p0002,7502I5003,0003p5003,0003,2503,2504p0003,7503,7504p0003,2509911,0679911,2198387629141,0679149919911>2191,1431p1431p219991Worstsector0.0183,000914(SE)0.2302,750(ESE)8383.302,750(SE)8383.303,000(SE)914AmbientDiurnaIRHMeanValueatNineMilePoint+9>78$81$~1~l71%715(LST)<Basedon3yr(1974-1976)ofonsitemeteorologicaldata.KEY:LST=Localstandardtime1of1

2IOI80I504JhCPl20zDISCHARGEg90E60OR30OIIIINTAKE~INTAKE-30-60TUNNELITUNNEL2-150-l20-90-60-300306090RELATIVEOISTANCE(171)FROMCENTERLINEBETWEENINTAKESI20FIGURE5.3-1STREAM-LINEPATTERNSBASEDONYEARLYINTAKE-DISCHARGEFLOWSATNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2(NOLAKECURRENT)NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

240~Iinch=I.9507cm/sec--iVELOCITYINOICATEO(cm/sec)2IOj0IBOI/)ISOVI20Of90E60CJ2.'-30OUJ0I--30UJCE-6090l>o'Ll/IJ/DISCHARGEI~NII~i.sEso/'tttTUNNELIttip/atoneslINTAKETUNNEL2//-120-2IO-IBO-l50-l20-90-60-300306090l20l50ISO2I0RELATIVEDISTANCE(m)FROMCENTERLINEBETWEENINTAKESFIGURE5.3-2INDUCEDVELOCITYPATTERNSATNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2(NOLAKECURRENT)NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS 4'~cl I80l50DISCHARGEPggl20hCz90OIL460E4JOz30COOI-~-30K-60TUNNELIINTAKEINTAKETUNNEL290-I80-l50-l20-90-60-300306090l20l50I80RELATIVEDISTANCE(m)FROMCENTERLINEBETWEENINTAKESFIGURE5.3-3STREAM-LINEPATTERNSBASEDONYEARLYINTAKE-DISCHARGEFLOWSATNINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATIONUNIT2(WITHA15CM/SW-ELAKECURRENT)NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NI285l85.42E545850.l6l.5'yfPlANW,S.EL.244.0'(MEANLOWWATER)T.QEL.207.75'L.204.0'45o/2.50ELEVATIONFIGURE5.3-4DISCHARGEDIFFUSERNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS t

LAKESURFACEVIIICgu'OINTCBcCONTROLVOLUMEBLAKEBOTTOM0DISCHARGEFIGURE5.3-5AVIEWOFTHEPLANECONTAININGTHECENTERLINEOFAROUNDBUOYANTJETDISCHARGINGINTOWATEROFFINITEDEPTH(SOURCE:ROBIDEAU<>)NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

12WATERLEVEL(ELEVATION74.1%)9EulOzI-lOO6OI-Kul10.0'F3.0'F5.0'F4.0'F2OoF121518HORIZONTALDISTANCE(m)21242730PARAMETERSNOZZLEDIAMETER:0.5m(1.5ft)NOZZLEANGLE:5'upNUMBEROFNOZZLES:2DISCHARGEFLOW:1.81m3/s(28,752gpm)DISCHARGEAT:9.8'C(17.64'F)DISCHARGEVELOCITY:5.51m/s(18.1fps)FIGURE5.3-6PREDICTEDTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTION-VERTICALSECTIONALONGCENTERLINEANNUALAVERAGECONDITIONNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

12WATERLEVEL(ELEVATION74.101)9EUJORI-MO6OI-Kul3.0'F5.0F4O'10O'F8O'2.5'F2.0'F12151821242730HORIZONTALDISTANCE(m)PARAMETERSNOZZLEDIAMETER:0.5m(1.5ft)DISCHARGEFLOW:1.64m3/s(25,984gpm)NOZZLEANGLE:5'upDISCHARGEAT:14.4'C(25.83'F)NUMBEROFNOZZLES:2DISCHARGEVELOCITY:4.99m/s(16.38fps)FIGURE5.3-7PREDICTEDTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTION-VERTICALSECTIONALONGCENTERLINESUMMERWORSTCONDITIONNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNlNEMILEPO1NT-UNlT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS VII 12UWATERLEVEL(ELEVATION74.1IYI)9EUIOXI-IIIO6OI-IY:Ill2.5'F2.0'F10O'5.0F4O'3O'2.0'F121518HORIZONTALDISTANCE(01)21242730PARAMETERSNOZZLEDIAMETER:0.5m(1.5ft)DISCHARGEFLOW:1.45m3/s(23,055gpm)NOZZLEANGLE:5'UpDISCHARGEAT:15.5'C(27.99'F)NUMBEROFNOZZLES:2DISCHARGEVELOCITY:4.42m/s(14.5fps)FIGURE5.3-8PREDICTEDTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTION-VERTICALSECTIONALONGCENTERLINEWINTERWORSTCONDITIONNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

'>ll'~~

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.4RADIOLOGICALIMPACTFROMROUTINEOPERATIONDuringroutinestationoperation,smallquantitiesofradionuclidesarereleasedtotheenvironment.TheroutinereleaseofradionuclidesinthegaseousandliquideffluentsfromUnit2resultsindoseslowerthanthedesignobjectivesestablishedinAppendixIof10CFR50,therebymeetingtheas-low-as-is-reasonably-achievablephilosophy(Table5.4-1).Environmentaltransportandradiationdos'eestimatespresentedinthissectionarebasedondischargeratesprojectedfortheUnit2wastetreatmentsystems.ThesedischargeratesandtheirbasesaregiveninSection3.5.Thefollowingsectionsdiscussthepossiblepathwaysofradiationexposure,thedistributionoftheradioactiveeffluentsintheenvironment,andtheradiologicalimpactonmanandonlocalfloraandfauna.Thefloraandfaunaevaluatedarethosewhoseterrestrialand/oraquatichabitatsprovidethehighestpotentialforradiationexposure.5.4.1ExposurePathwaysThissectiondiscussesthepossiblepathwaysofradiationexposuretofloraandfaunaandtomanfromroutineoperationofthestation.5.4.1~1ExposureofFloraandFaunaFigure5.4-1illustratesthegeneralizedpathwaysleadingtoradiationexposuretobiotaotherthanman.5.4.1.1.1GaseousPathwaysPlantsandanimalsinthevicinityofthestationreceiveanexternalexposurefromtheradioactivegasesthatarereleasedintotheatmosphereandfromradioactiveiodinesandparticulates,eitherreleaseddirectlyorformedasdecayproductsofthe'effluents,depositedontheground.Depositionofradioiodinesandparticulatesonvegetation(foliardeposition)androotuptakeoflong-livedradionuclidesdepositedonsoilresultininternalexposureofplants.Theseradionuclidescansubsequentlybeconsumedbygrazinganimals.Foodchainsinvolvinganimalsthathavethehighestpotentialforradiationexposurehavebeenanalyzed.Althoughtheinhalationofradionuclidescanresultininternalexposuretothebodyandvariousorgansofanimals,someoftheavailableinformationsuggeststhatthedoses5.4-1 NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSfromthispathwayaregenerallyinsignificantwhencomparedtothedosesfromtheingestionpathway.Sufficientdataarenotavailabletowarrantspecificconsiderationof"theinhalationpathway.5.4.1.1.2LiquidPathwaysAquaticorganismsareexposedtoradiationemittedbyradionuclidesintheliquideffluentdischargedtothereceivingwaters.Thisexposureisnotconsideredsignificantbeyondtheimmediatevicinityofthestationdischargebecauseoftheeffluentdilutioninthewater.Someradionuclidesmaybeabsorbedbywaterbornesedimentparticlesanddepositedonthebottom.Thisprocessiscomplexsincetherearenumerousphysical,chemical,andbiologicalfactorsinvolved.Suchsedimentaryaccumulationcanoccurforthelifeofthestation.Benthicorganisms;whichlivenearthebottomorinthesediment,maybeexposedtotheradiationemitted.Plantsandanimalsonlandcanbeexposedtothegammaradiationemittedfromdepositsonshorelinesthat,havelittlewatercoveringorareexposedduringlowwaterlevelconditions.Aquaticbiotaaccumulateradionuclidesintheirbodytissuesthroughingestionordirectabsorptionfromthe=water.Radionuclidesinaquaticorganismsaretransferredtoterrestrialorganismsderivingallorpartoftheirdietfromthereceivingwater.Animals,suchasducks,feedonaquaticvegetationand,therefore,areinapositiontoingestandaccumulateradionuclides.Dosestoterrestrialanimalsresultfromtheconsumptionofaquaticvegetationaswellasfromdirectingestionofwater.Transferofnutrients,andthusradionuclides,intheterrestrialfoodchainisthroughsuccessivetrophiclevels.5.4.1.1.3DirectRadiationDirectradiationexposureduetothestorageofradioactivematerials,includingradioactivewastes,andgammaradiationemittedbyplantequipmentmayresultinsmalldosestoplantsandanimalsinthesitevicinity.5.4.1.2ExposureofManInprovidingguidanceforimplementingSectionIIofAppendixIto10CFR50,theNRCstaffhasmadeuseofthemaximumexposedindividualapproach.Inthisapproach,thenumericaldesignobjectivesofSectionIIarecomparedtothecalculatedradiationexposurestomaximumindi'vidualsineachoffouragegroups.5.4-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThepopulationisconsideredtobemadeupofinfants(0to1yr),children(1to11yr),teenagers(llto17yr),andadults(17yrandolder).Forthepurposeofevaluatingdosecommitment-,themaximuminfantisassumedtobenewborn,themaximumchildistakentobe4yrold,themaximumteenageristakentobe14yrold,.andthemaximumadultistakentobe17yrold.Maximumindividualsarecharacterizedasmaximumwithregardtofoodconsumption,occupancy,andotherusageof"theregioninthevicinityoftheplantsiteand,assuch,representindividualswithhabitsrepresentingreasonabledeviationsfromtheaverageforthepopulationingeneral.Inallphysiologicalandmetabolic-respects,themaximumexposedindividualsareassumed.tohavethosecharacteristicsthatrepresenttheaveragesfortheircorrespondingagegroupinthegeneralpopulation.Althoughspecificindividualswillalmostcertainlydisplaydietary,recreational,andotherlivinghabitsconsiderablydifferentfromthosesuggestedhere,andactualphysiologicalandmetabolicparametersmayvaryconsiderably,theNRCstaffconsidersthemaximumexposedindividualtobe"a,well-definedreferenceforimplementationofSectionIIofAppendixI.Figure5.4-2illustratesthegeneralizedexposurepathwaystoman.5.4.1.2.1GaseousPathwaysRadionuclidesreleasedintheplant'sgaseouseffluentsincludetritium,carbon-14,iodines,particulates,andnoblegases(xenonandkrypton)~Theinhalationoftheseeffluentsmayresultinaninternalexposuretovariousbodyorgans.Immersioninthenoblegasesresults.inanexternalexposuretothewholebodyandskin.Radi'oiodineandparticulatedepositsonvegetationmayresultinradioactivityenteringfoodchainstoman.Thein'gestionofvegetationgrowninthevicinityoftheplantandtheingestionofanimalsthatgrazeonaffectedvegetationmayresultinaninternalexposuretoman.Anexampleofafoodchainthatisimportanttomanisthevegetation-cow-milk-infantpathway..Milkcowsconsuminglocallygrownfeedmaycontributetotheinternaldosetoman.Anherbivorousgameanimalnearthesitethatmaybeapotentialsourceoffoodtoman<<isthewhite-taileddeer.5..4-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThefollowingpossiblegaseouspathwaystomanhavebeenanalyzed:1.Dosefromstandingoncontaminatedground(contaminationduetodepositionofactivityfromroutinereleasesofgaseouseffluents).2.Inhalationdose.3.Ingestionofvegetation.4.Ingestionofmilk(cow)andmeat(beefcattle,).5.Dosesfromimmersioninanddirectexposuretonoblegaseouseffluents.6.Ingestionofdeer..5.4.1.2.2LiquidPathwaysICRadionuclidesreleasedintheliquideffluentcanreachmanthroughseveralpotentialpathways.Internaldosescouldbereceivedthroughingestionoftheseradionuclideseitherbydirectconsumptionofthewaterorindirectlyviaaquaticanimalsthatresideinthewater.Consumptionofsecondaryorganismssuchasducks,whichobtainallorpartoftheirfoodfromaquaticorganismsinthereceivingwater,isanotherpotentialpathwaytoexposureofman.Inadditiontotheconsumptionofaquaticanimalsandtheirpredators,anotherpotentialinternalexposurepathwaytomanisthroughtheconsumptionofagriculturalcropsthathavebeenirrigatedwithreceivingwater.Althoughirrigationisnotamajorpathwayforthissite,ithasbeenconsidered,usingtheassumptionthatwateriswithdrawnfromtheMetropolitanWaterSupplyofOnondagaCounty.Inadditiontotheseinternalexposurepathwaystoman,thereareseveralpotentialexternalexposurepathways.Swimmingandboatingaretwopathwaysbywhichindividualsmayreceivedirectexposurefromtheradionuclidesinwater.Anotherpotentialsourceofexternalexposureisfromthebuildupofactivityinsedimentsalongtheshorelineofthereceivingwater.Thefollowingpossibleliquidpathwaystomanhavebeenanalyzed:l.Ingestion-ofpotablewater.5.4-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS2.3.Ingestionoffish.Ingestionofduck.4.Swimmingandboating.5.Shorelinerecreation.6.Ingestionofvegetablesassociatedwithirrigation.5.4.1.2.3DirectExposureDirectradiationexposureduetonormalplantoperation,storageofradioactivematerialsandspentfuel,andgammaradiationemittedfromplantequipmentmayresultindosesinthesitevicinity.5.4.2RadioactivityintheEnvironmentSection3.5presentstheexpectedradionuclidereleaseratesassociatedwiththereleaseofgaseousandliquideffluentsfromthestation.'uantitativeestimatesofthedistributionoftheseradionuclidesinthesiteenvirons,anddescriptionsofthemodelsusedtoobtaintheseestimates,areprovidedinthefollowingsections.5.4.2.1RadioactivityinSurfaceNatersConcentrationsofradioactiveeffluentsinwateraffectedbyoperationoftheplantwerecalculatedaccordingtothemethodssetforthinRegulatoryGuide1.113.ThespecificrationaleisdiscussedinFSARSection2.4.12.5.4.2.2RadioactivityinAirAtmosphericdispersionfactors(X/Q)anddepositionfactors(D/Q)utilizedinevaluatingthereleasesofgaseouseffluentswerecalculatedaccordingtothemethodssetforthinRegulatoryGuide1.111.ThespecificrationaleisdiscussedinSection2.7.4.5.4.2.3RadionuclideConcentrations5.4.2.3.1LiquidEffluentsTheradionuclidesreleasedwiththeliquideffluentsarerapidlydilutedinthereceivingwater.Anassumedannualaverageliquideffluentflowrateof116,250lpm(30,000gpm)isusedforthedosecalculations.Adilutionfactorof5.9isusedforactivitiestakingplacewithinthe5.4-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSvicinityofthenearfielddilutionzone.Table5..4-2presentsthecalculatedconcentrationsofvariousradionuclidesinthedischarge,nearfielddilutionzone,nearestaccessibleshoreline,andpublicwatersupplywiththepotentialforthehighestradionuclideconcentrations.Thesecalculatedconcentrationsarebasedontheassumedannualaveragedischargeratesforoneunit..Table5.4-3liststheequilibriumbioaccumulationfactorsusedtodeterminethedosestotheprimaryorganisms(fish,invertebrates,andaquaticplants)andsubsequentdosestothesecondarypredatoryanimals.Theequilibriumbioaccumulationfactorsarealsousedinthecalculationsofdosestomanfromtheconsumptionofcertainprimaryandsecondaryorganisms.AlthoughLakeOntarioisnotusedextensivelyforirrigation,thispathwaywasconsideredforthemaximumindividualdoseestimates.ItisconservativelyassumedthatirrigationwateriswithdrawnfromtheMetropolitanWaterSupplyofOnondagaCountyandhastheradionuclideconcentrationlistedinTableS.4-2.Themaximumindividual'sgardenwasassumedtobeirrigatedeachdayfora6-monthgrowingseason.MaximumindividualconsumptionratesforvegetablesgrowninthegardenweretakenfromRegulatoryGuide1.109andwereusedtocalculatetheestimateddoses.5.4.2.3.2GaseousEffluentsRadionuclidesemittedinthegaseouseffluentsaccumulateonthegroundthroughoutthelifeoftheplant.Table5.4-4liststhegroundplaneconcentrationsofradionuclidesatapoint4,106m(13,471ft)eastoftheplant.Theconcentrationsatthispointrepresentthemaximumcalculatedoffsitedepositionoccurringatanoccupiedresidence.TheseconcentrationswerecalculatedusingtheapproachoutlinedinRegulatoryGuide1.109,alongwiththeassumptionofa40-yrplantlife.Re'lativedepositionrateswerecalculatedusingthemethodologyinRegulatoryGuide1.111.Concentrationsofradionuclidescanaccumulateinvegetationgrowinginthevicinityofthesite.Themodelusedforestimatingthetransferofradionuclidesfromtheatmospheretovegetationconsidersdepositiononfoliageanduptakefromsoilforallradioiodinesandparticulates,excepttritiumandcarbon-14.Theconcentrationofcarbon-14invegetationisestimatedbyassumingthatitsratiotothenaturalcarboninthevegetationisthesameastheratioof5.4-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLScarbon-14tonaturalcarbonintheatmospheresurroundingthevegetation.Theconcentrationoftritiuminvegetationiscalculated,,fromitsconcentrationinwater.vaporsurroundingthevegetation.Vegetationisassumedtobeexposedtocontaminationfor60daysandhaveanagriculturalproductivityyieldof2kg/sqm(0.41lb/sqft).Thesoilisassumedtohaveasurfacedensityof240kg/sqm(49lb/sqft),andbuilduponthesoilisassumedtooccurover20yr(midpointofplantlife).Table5.4-5liststheconcentrationofradionuclidesinvegetationgrownatthelocationofthemaximumindividual'sgarden.Foliageretentionfactorsof0.2forparticulatesand1.0forelementalradioiodinesfromairbornedepositionareusedasrecommendedinRegulatoryGuide1.109.5.4.3DoseRateEstimatesforBiotaOtherthanManThe'xposurepathwaysandtheconcentrationsofradionuclidesintheenvironmentarediscussedinprevioussections.Thedosestoterrestrialandaquaticorganismsotherthanman,resultingfromtheseradionuclides,arepresentedinthefollowingsectionsand,tables.CalculatedinternalandexternaldoseratestobiotaarebasedonthemodelsandassumptionspresentedinAppendix5A.S.4.3..1DosesthroughGaseousPathwaysTables5.4-6and5.4-7listthecalculateddosestobiotaotherthanmanfromgaseouspathways.Thesedosesarecalculatedforterrestrialanimalsresidingwithinthevicinityofthegaseouseffluentreleasepoints.Theexternaldose,ratesarebasedonexternaldoseratescalculatedforman.5.4.3.2DosesthroughLiquidPathwaysTableS.4-6alsoliststhecalculatedexternaldosestobiotaotherthanmanfromsubmersioninwaterattheedgeofthenearfielddilutionzoneandexposuretoshorelinesediments.Table5.4-7liststhecalculatedinternaldosestotheseanimalsduetothebioaccumulationprocess.5.4.3.3DirectRadiationDosesThisexternalexposurerateisindependentofthebiotictypeandisassumedtobethesameforbiotaasforman.SectionS.4.4.3describesthecalculationaltechniquesusedandthecalculateddoses.5.4-7 NineMilePointUnit2'ER-OL'S5;4.4'DoseRateEstimatesforManCalculateddosestothemaximumoffsiteindividualandthe80-km(50-mi)radius2010populationarebasedonthegaseousandliquidreleasesdiscussedinSection3.5.ThemathematicalmodelsandassumptionsusedtocalculatethesedosesaregiveninAppendix5A.5.4.4.1IiquidPathwaysTables5.4-8through5.4-11presentthecalculateddosestothemaximumindividualfromliquidpathways.Thesetablespresentthecalculatedtotal-bodyandorgandosesforthefouragegroups:adult,teen,child,andinfant.Table5.4-1presentsacomparisonofthemaximumindividualcalculateddosesfromliquideffluentstothedesignobjectivesof10CFR50AppendixIlimits.5.4.4.2GaseousPathwaysTables5.4-12through5.4-23presentthecalculateddosestothemaximumindividualfromgaseouspathways.Thesetablespresentthecalculatedtotal-bodyandorgandosesforthefouragegroups:adult,teen,child,andinfant.Theanalysiswasperformedforthemaximumlocationwherearesident,milkcow,andbeefanimalactuallyexist.Eachanalysis,caseconsidersexposurepathwaysthatexistatthespecifiedlocation.Forexample,ifamilkcowandabeefanimalexistedatthesamefarm,themaximumindividualsresidingatthatfarmwereanalyzedforimmersion,inhalation,grounddeposition,ingestionofvegetation,andconsumptionofcowmilkandbeefmeatpathways.Itwasassumedthatavegetablegardencouldexistateachlocationanalyzed.Inaddition,theconsumptionofdeerwasanalyzed.Tables5.4-12through5.4-15presentthecalculateddosestothemaximum,individualslivingattheresidencelocation.Tables5.4-16through5.4-19present-thedosestothemaximumindividualslivingatthehighestmilkcowlocation.Tables5.4-20through5.4-23presentthedosestothemaximumindividualslivingatthehighestbeefanimallocation.Table5.4-1presents'thecomparisonofthemaximumindividualcalculateddosesfromgaseouseffluentstothedesignobjectivesof10CFR50AppendixI.5.4-8 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSAnnualgammaairdoseandbetaairdose"valueswerecalculatedandarecomparedtothe10CFR50AppendixIdesignobjectivevalues.inTable5.4-1.5.4.4.3DirectRadiationfromFacilityDirectradiationexposureratesatthesiteboundarywillbeprovidedinafutureamendment.5.4'.4AnnualPopulationDoses5.4.4.4.1Eighty-Kilometer(Fifty-Mile)RadiusPopulationDosesPopulationdosecommitmentswerecalculatedforallindividualslivingwithin80km(50"mi)ofthefacilityemployingthesamemodels*used.forindividualdoses(RegulatoryGuide1.109).Table5.4-24presentsthecalculatedannualtotal-bodyandthyroiddosesfromgaseousandliquidpathwaystothepopulationprojectedtoresidewithinan80-km(50-mi)radiusofthesiteintheyear2010.5.4.4.4.2ContiguousU.S.PopulationDosesInadditiontothe80-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationdoses,populationdosesassociatedwiththeexportoffoodcropsproducedwithinthe80-km(50-mi)regionandtheatmosphericandhydrospherictransportofthemoremobileeffluentspecies,suchasnoblegases,tritium,"andcarbon-14,werecalculated.\.Table5.4-25presentsthecalculatedannualtotal-bodyand-thyroiddosestothecontiguousU.S.population.5.4.5SummaryofAnnualRadiationDosesThecalculatedannualradiationdosestothemaximumindividualfromliquidandgaseouspathwaysarepresentedinTables5.4-8through5.4-23.AsthesetablesandTable5.4-1indicate,thecalculatedannualradiationdosesarebelowthedesignobjectivesof10CFRSOAppendixIforthesite.Themaximumcalculateddosewas1.7+00mRem/yr*toaninfantthyroid.Itrepresentsaninfantwhoresidesatalocation2,350m(7,710ft)east-southeastofthe*1.7+00=1.7xlOo5.4-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSfacilityandwhoobtainsallofhisorhermilk-fromacowlocatedatthesamelocation..Thehighestcalculatedexternalexposureratestothewholebodyandskinfromimmersioninnoblegasesatanoccupiedlocationwere0.03and0.06mRem/yr,respectively.Theseoccurredattheresidencelocation1,693m(5,555ft)eastofthesite.Thehighestcalculatedbetaandgammaairdosesatanunoccupiedlocationfromnoblegasreleaseswere0.04and0.06mrad/yr,respectively.Theseoccurredattheexclusionareaboundary1,603m(5,259ft)eastofthesite.Fortheliquidreleases,itwasassumedthatthemaximumindividualobtainsdrinkingwaterfromtheMetropolitan'WaterSupplyofOnondagaCounty,located12.87km(8mi).fromthefacility.Themaximumindividual'wasassumedtoconsumefishandduckscaughtattheedgeofthenearfielddilutionzone.Thisassumptionleadstoanoverestimationofaccumulationofradioactivematerialinfish,sincefishdonotpermanentlyoccupythiszone.Thislocationwasalsousedincalculatingdosesfromswimmingandboating.FoodproductsassumedtobeirrigatedwereirrigatedwithwatertakenfromtheMetropolitanWaterSupplyofOnondagaCounty.Thecalculateddosesfromshorelinerecreationalsowereperformedatthenearestoccupiedbeach.,Thecalculateddose~tothemaximumindividualfromliquidpathwaysis7.9-01mRem/yrtoachild'sbone.Thisdoseisprimarilya-resultoffishconsumption.Thecalculatedannual.dosesforthepopulationresidingwithinan80-km(50-mi)radiusofthesitearepresentedinTable5.4-24.Forliquideffluents,thecalculatedwhole-bodyandthyroiddosesare6.5-01man-Rem/yrand1.3-01man-Rem/yr,respectively.Thecalculateddosesfromgaseouspathwaysare6.3-01man-Rem/yrwholebodyand2.2+00man-Rem/yrthyroid.Thesedoseswerecalculatedforaprojectedpopulationintheyear2010of1.2+06people-within80km(50mi)ofthesite.Themilk,meat,andvegetation80-km(50-mi)radiuscropyield,aswellasthe'80-km(50-mi)radiussportandcommercialfishharvest,arepresented"inAppendix5A.ThecalculateddosestothecontiguousU.S.populationarepresentedinTable5.4-25.Thetotalannualdoseswerecalculatedtobe2.1+01man-Remtothewholebodyand2.4+01man-Remtothethyroid.5.4-.10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.4.6Peference1.EnvironmentalAnalysts,Incorporated.StandardMethodologyforCalculatingRadiationDosetoLowerFormofBiota.PreparedfortheAtomicIndustrialForumandtheNationalEnvironmentalStudiesProject,AIF/NESP-006,February1975,p33.5.4-11

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NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABIE5.4-1COMPARISONOFMAXIMUMCALCULATEDDOSESFROMUNIT2WITHAPPENDIXIDESIGNOBJECTIVESCriterionAppendixIDesinOb'ective'~'nit2CalculatedDoseGaseouseffluentsGammaairdose'Rad/yrBetaairdose'~',mRad/yrNoblegas*-totalbody'~',mRem/yrNoblegas-skin'Rem/yrIodinesandparticulates'4'nyorgan(thyroid),mRem/yr102015155,8-024.2-022.98-026.10-021.7+00LiquideffluentsTotalbody,mRem/yrAnyorgan',mRem/yr3101.4-017.9+00NOTE:5.8-02=5;8x10Perreactor.'~'Calculatedatexclusionareaboundary1,603m(5,259ft)east.'~'Calculatedat1,693m(5,554ft)east.'Infantthyroiddosefromcowmilk2,350m(7,710ft)east-southeast.'Childbonedoseiscalculatedtobethehighestorgandose.1of1

NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSTABLE5.4-2ESTIMATEDRADIONUCLIDECONCENTRATIONSINEFFLUENTANDRECEIVINGWATERFinalEffluentFlowRate=66.80cfs(pCi/l)~ZsotoeH-3Na-24P-32Cr-51Mn-54Mn-56Fe-55Fe-59Co-58Co-60Ni-63Ni-65Cu-64Zn-65Br-83Br-84Sr-89SR-90Sr-91Sr-92Y-91Y-92Y-93Zr-95Zr-97Nb-95Mo-99Tc-99mRu-103Ru-105Ru-106Ag-110mTe-129mTe-131mTe-132I-131DischargeConcentration856+02181-01692-032.14-012.47-03329-02362-02109-03708-03148-02362-051.81-04445-01725-03346-03906-09379-03247-044.61-02790-03181-03478-02510-02280-04110-042-80-04609-02122-01708-04659-031.10-04362-05145-03247-03313-04150-01EdgeofNearfieldDilutionZone<1>145+02307-02117-03363-02419-04558-03614-03184-041.20-03251-03614-06307-05754-02123-03586-04154-09642-04419-057.81-03134-03307-04809-03865-03474-051.87-054.74-051.03-02207-02120-04112-03187-05614-06246-044.19-045.30-05254-02NearestAccessibleShoreline<<i278+007.17-052.05-05665-048-00-06478-10118-04343-06226-05482-05118-07229-12122-04234-05201-111.64-37120-05803-07527-06208-105-76-061.96-08737-06892-07539-08877-07123-04205-06223-06169-08358-071.17-07453-06279-06677-07414-041of2MetropolitanWaterBoardOnondaaCount<>>185+00372-05135-054.39-04530-06761-11780-05227-061.50-05319-05781-08359-136.07-05155-05288-12992-417.93-06532-07237-06355-113.81-06460-09341-06590-07287-08579-07768-05737-07147-06490-09237-07777-08299-06164-0628-07269-04

NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSTABLE5.4-2(Cont)Discharge~rectoeConcentrationEdgeofNearfieldDilutionZone<<>NearestAccessibleShoreline<>>MetropolitanWaterBoardOnondaaCount<>>I-132I-133I-134I-135Cs-134Cs-136Cs-137Cs-138Ba-139Ba-140La-142Ce-141Ce-143Ce-144Pr-143Nd-147W-187Np-239263-02122+00757-05395-015.10-02346-02143-01873-072.96-04142-02329-04109-03774-041.10-04145-031.05-04675-03231-01447-03207-01128-05670-02865-03586-032~43-021.48-07502-05240-03558-05184-04131-041.87-052-46-04179-05114-03391-02806-11863-04435-23105-05166-04102-044.66-046.23-351.14-16415-05120-153-39-06962-073>>57-0728-06304-07582-06429-04107-11479-044.33-25398-06110-04666-05309-044.43-385.39-182.72"057e32172.24-065.71-07237-072.80-06199-07331-062.66-04NOTE:856+02=856x10<<<~Dilutionfactor=5.9Traveltime=0.0hr<<>Dilutionfactor=3074Traveltime=45.8hr<>>Dilutionfactor=463.8Traveltime=51.1hr2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABIE5.4-3EQUILIBRIUMBIOACCUMULATIONFACTORSFORAQUATICBIOTAINFRESHWATERElementFishrustaceansolluskslgae'a'CrMnFeCoBrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuTeICsBaLaCePrNp0.9200.0400.0100.050.0420.02,000.030.025.03.330,000.010.015.010.0400.015.02,000.04.025.01.025.010.00.92,000.090,000.03,200.0200.0330.01,000.0100.01,000.06.7100.0.10.05.0300.06,100.05.01,000.0200.01,000.01,000.01,000.0400.00.92,000.090,000.03,200.0200.0330'1,000.0100.01,000.06.7100.010.05.0300.06,100.05.01,000.0200.01,000.01,000.01,000.0400.00.94,000.010,000.01,000.0200.050.01,000.0500.05,000.01,000.0800.01,000.040.02,000.0100.040.0500.0500.05,000.04,000.05,000.0300.0'i'RegulatoryGuide1.109,Revision1,October1977.'RegulatoryGuide1.109,Revision0,March1976.ValuesforalgaewereeliminatedfromRevision1;therefore,valuespublishedinRevision0wereutilized.1of1 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.4-4DEPOSITIONOFRADIONUCLIDESONSOIL*~IsQto8H-3C-14Cr-51Mn-54Fe-59Co-58Co-60Zn-65Sr-89Sr-90Zr-95Nb-95Mo-99Ru-103Ag-110mSb-124I-131I-132I-133I-134I-135Cs-134Cs-136Cs-137Ba-140Ce-141Deposition0.00.01.6-011.8+006.6-022.5-013.7+017.2+008.0-013.1-011.5-011.3+006.2-018.6-022.3-032.0-023.1+006.3-014.6+005.6-011.5+001.2+012.5'-029.1+019.5-019.2-01NOTE:1.6-01=1.6x10*Locationis4,106m(13,471ft)eastofthemainstack-annualaverage.D/Ql=6.5-101/m~D/Q2=2.2-091/m~D/Q3=8.8-101/m~1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.4"5CONCENTRATIONOFRADIONUCIIDESINVEGETATION~IsotoeH-3C-14Cr-51Mn-54Fe-59Co-58Co-60,Zn-65Sr-89Sr-90Zr-95Nb-95Mo-99RQ-103Ag-110mSb-124I-131I-132I-133I-134I-135Cs-134Cs-136Cs-137Ba-140Ce-141StoredVegetationConcentrationCik3.1+004.0+001.2-036.5-035.7-042.2-032.6-024.0-027.3-031.2-041.3-031.1-021.3-087.2-041.0-051~8-045.4-030.03.2-210.01.6-661.8-025.1-053.1-021~8-037.4-03FreshVegetationConcentrationCik3.1+004.0+004.9-037.4-031.4-033.9-032'-024.7-021.6-021.2-042.4-033'.4-023.8-022.0-031.2-053.5-048.6-012.1-049.5-011.5-095.8-021.9-021.2-033.1-024.4-022.6-02NOTE:3.1+00=3.1xlOo*Locationis4,106m(13,471ft)eastofthemainstack-grazingseason.X/Ql=1.9-08sec/mD/Ql=6.6-101/m~X/Q2=1.1-07sec/m3D/Q2=2.2-091/m~X/Q3=8.3-08sec/mD/Q3=8.6-101/m1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.4-6ANNUALCALCULATEDEXTERNALDOSERATESTOBIOTAOTHERTHANMANFROMROUTINEREACTOROPERATIONSExernalDoseRaemradr~BioioTeMuskratRaccoonHeronDuckDeerAirImmersion>>4.45-024.45-024.45-024.45-024.45-02StandingonContaminatedGround+4.1-024.1-024.1-024.1-024.1-02Shoreline~Exosure7.52-025.64-027.52-021.13-01WaterImmersion2.63-03NANAWaterSurfaceNA1.31"031.97-03NOTE:4.45-02=4.45x10n*+Locationofdosereceiveranalysisis1,603mt5,259ft)eastofthemainstack.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.4-7ANNUALCALCULATEDINTERNALDOSERATESTOBIOTAOTHERTHANMANFROMROUTINEREACTOROPERATIONSBioticTePrimaryOrganisms'ishCrustaceansMollusksAlgaeSecondaryOrganisms'uskratRaccoonHeronDuckInternalDoseRatemradr2.1+001.0+011.0+011.2+011.3+010.7+001.3+011.3+01'TerrestrialAnimalsDeer.1-01NOTE:2.1+00=2.lxlOo'Primaryorganismsaredefinedasthoseexposedbyinteractionwithradionuclidesinthewater.'~'Locationofdosereceiveranalysisisassumedtobeattheedgeofthenearfielddilutionzone.'Secondaryorganismsaredefinedasthosewhichconsumeprimaryorganisms.'Locationofdosereceiveranalysisis1,603m(5,259ft)eastofthemainstack.1of1 0

NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSTABLE54-8ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEADULTGROUPPROMLIQUIDEFFLUENTS(AnnualDoseinmRemlyr)~PathaaPotablewaterPishconsumptionShorelinerecreationPreshvegetationStoredvegetationDuckconsumptionSwimmingexposureBoatingexposureTotaldoseTotal~Bod17-0414-0140-0619-0514-0419-0489-0589-0514-01SkinBoneLiverT~hroid000.032-0518-0465-045.6-0120-0125-024.6-064.0-064.0-064.0-0600000075-0622-054.7-0549-0515-0490-0547-033.1-0493-0612-048.9-0589-0589-0512-0489-0589-058.9-052.4-045.6-012.0-0126-02Kidney16-0460-024.0-0616-051.1-0413-0589-0589-0560-02~Lun15-0419-024.0-0613-0596-0518-068.9-058.9-051.9-02GI-Tract28-0465-024.0-064.0-051.9-0486-048.9-058.9-0567-02NOTE:17-04=1.7x10-i1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-9ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALZNTHETEENGROUPFROMLIQUIDEFFLUENTS(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PathwaPotablewaterFishconsumptionShorelinerecreationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationDuckconsumptionSwimmingexposureBoatingexposureTotaldoseTotal~Bod12-0490-022.2-0512-0516-0416-0489-0589-0591-02SkinBoneLiveri~hyoid~Kidne000D.31-0514-0454-0461-0121-0124-0226-D522-0522-0522-0567-061~7-0536-0586-0523-041.2-0440-032.7-047-0-0600000012-0489-0589-0589-0512-048.9-0589-0589-0527-0461-0121-0125-0215-0461-022.2-0517-0520-0410-048.9-0589-056.2-02~Lun1.0-0423-0222-0593-0613-041.6-0689-058.9-052-3-02GI-Tract1.1-0447-022.2-0589-0612-0435-0489-0589-0548-02NOTE:12-04=1.2x10-i1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-10ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHECHILDGROUPPROMLIQUIDEFFLUENTS(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PatheaPotablewaterFishconsumptionShorelinerecreationPreshvegetationStoredvegetationDuckconsumptionSwimmingexposureBoatingexposureTotaldoseTotal~Bod21-045.4-024.6-0612-0522-0430-045.0-055.1-055>>5-02SkinBoneLiverT~htaid~aidae000087-052.7-0313-0378-0119-0127-0254-0646-0646-0646-060000001.2-052.1-055-1-052.0-0438-0419-0475-0337-041.1-0567-0550-0550-055.0-0568-055.1-0551-055.1-0514-0479-011.9-0129-0222-045.2-0246-0614-052.5-0411-055.0-0551-055.3-02~Lun20-0418-024-6-06GI-Tract2.0-0420-0246-062-1-0419-065'-055.1-051.9-0219-0422-0450-0551-0521-0211-05~10-05NOTE:21-04=21x10-i1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.4-11ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEINFANTGROUPPROMLIQUIDEFFLUENTS(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PathwaTotal~BodSkinBoneLiverT~hroid~ridre~LunGI-TractPotablewaterTotaldose20-0420-04000093-0529-041.9-0393-0529-0419-0322-042.2-042.0-042.0-0419-041.9-04NOTE:2.0-04=2Ox101of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-12ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEayDULTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumResidenceLocation{AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)ha~~ayContaminatedgroundInhalationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationDeer1,603meastTotaldoseTotal~Bod79-0316-0475-042-7-0314-0412-02SkinBoneLiverT~hnidKidney92-0379-0379-037.9-0316-0424-0413-0217-0311-031-3-0163-0332-0345-0300000019-040017-0432-0492-0316-0213-0216-0179-0330-0412-0318-0392-0511-02~Lun79-0328-0421-0411-0331-0595-03GI-Tract7.9-032.1-0480-0418-033.3-0411-02+Analysisperformedatmaximumresidencelocationis4,106m(13,471ft)east.NOXF:79-03=79x10-31of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-13ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHETEENGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumResidenceLocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PathwaContaminatedgroundInhalationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationDeer1,603meastTotaldoseTotal~Bod79-0318-0454-0435-0378-0512-02Skin92-030.0LiverT~hreid~rideeBone7e9-037.9-0379-037.9-0338-040.01.6-0310-031.1-01,1.1-020011-0257-0373-0360-02001.4-0415-042'-0492-0321-0215-021>>4-017.6-0387-022.2-0429-0417-02L~un79-0338-0419-0420-0327-0510-02GI-Tract79-0323-0458-0427-0319-0412-02*Analysisperformedatmaximumresidencelocationis4,106m(13,471ft)east.NOTE:79-03=79x10-31of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-14ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHECHILDGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumResidence,Location(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~XatnvaContaminatedgroundInhalationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationDeer1,603meastTotaldoseTotal~Bod79-0318-0471-0457-0386-051.5-02SkinBoneLiverT~hroidK~idne92-0379-0379-037.9-0300000.00030-0428-0421-022.9-0314-0316-012.8-021.1-0215-0225-0420-0436-042.1-0220-019.2-0339-0279-0336-0414-0362-039.5-0516-02~Lun70-0333-0432-0445-0340-053-02GI-Tract70-0319-045.3-0446-0312-041.3-02Analysisperformedatmaximumresidencelocationis4,106m(13,471ft)east.NOTE:79-03=79x10->1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-15ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALlNTHEINFANTGROUPPROMGASEOUSEPFLUENTS+AtMaximumResidenceLocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PathwaContaminatedgroundInhalationTotaldoseTotal~Bod79-031-2-0480-03SkinBoneLiverT~haih9.2-037.9-037.9-037.9-03002.2-0422-0419-029.2-0381-0381-0327-02,Kidney79-0323-0481-03~Lun79-0324-0481-03GI-Tract79-0311-0480-03*Analysisperformedatmaximumresidencelocationis4,106m(13,471ft)east.NOTE79-03=7.9x101of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-16ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEADULTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS<AtMaximumCowLocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PathwaContaminatedgroundInhalationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationCowmilkDeer1,603meastTotaldoseTotal~Bod13-0214-047.0-042.4-0324-0314-0419-02SkinBoneLiverT~hroid~Kidne16-0213-0213-0213-0211-0420-049.7-031.3-031.1-03'.3-0143-0330-0341-0330-0337-0322-010000000019-0432-0417-040016-0222-022.1-023.8-0113-022.5-0411-0314-0327-0392-0519-02~Lun3-0227-0413-0469-0445-0431-0515-02GI-Tract13-0219-047.3-0414-0311-0333-0417-02+Analysisperformedatmaximumcowlocationis2,350m(7,710ft)east-southeast.NOTE:13-02=13x101of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-17ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHETEENGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumCowLocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)'PathwaContaminatedgroundInhalationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationCowmilkDeer1,603meastTotaldoseTotal~Bod13-0215-044.8-042..8-0330-0378-0520-02SkinBoneLivert~heidKidney1.6-0213-0213-0213-0200000.0000015-0424-0413-021.2-0395-0411-0177-035.2-0365-035.3-0364-0335-011.4-041-5-0424-0416-0227-0226-0249-023-0231-041.2-0265-0247-0376-0310-01~Lun13-023.6-0412-0413-0385-042.7-0516-02GI-Tract13-0221-045.1-041.9-031.5-0319-0417-02+Analysisperformedatmaximumcowlocationis2,350m(7,710ft)east-southeast.NOTE:13-02=13x10-<1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-18ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHECHILDGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUEÃ1'S+AtMaximumCowLocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PatheaContaminatedgroundInhalationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationCowmilkDeer1,603meastTotaldoseTotal~Bod13-021.5-0458-0438-0343-0386-0522-02SkinBoneLiverT~htoidK~idae16-0213-0213-021.3-022.3-0416-02002.1-0422-0313-0316-0119-0293-0313-0200000013-0211-0271-0125-042.0-0436-040016-0248-023.5-0291-0113-022.9-0413-0344-0379-0395-052.7-02~Lun13-0231-0418-042.6-031.6-0340-0518-02GI-Tract1.3-0217-0439-042.6-0318-0312-041.8-02*Analysisperformedatmaximum.cowlocationis2,350m(7,710ft)east-southeast.NOTE:13-02=13x10-~1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-19ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEINFANTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumCowLocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PathwacontaminatedgroundInhalationCowmilkTotaldoseTotal~Bod1.3-0296-0566-032-0-02SkinBoneLiverT~hzoid~Kidne16-0213-0213-021.3-0215-0418-0415-022-3-022-2-021.7+00000016-0236-0235-0217+001~3-0218-041.3-022.6-02~Lun1.3-022.3-0432-031.6-02GI-Tract13-029.5-054.7-031.8-02~Analysisperformedatmaximumcowlocationis2,350m(7,710ft)east-southeast.NOTE1.3-02=13x10-<1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-20ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEADULTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumBeefAnimalLocation{AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~X'aenvacontaminatedgroundInhalationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationBeefTotal~Bod24-0223-0416-0357-0397-04SkinBoneLiverT~aroid~Kidoe28-022.4-0224-0224-020.00000002.4-023.6-042.3-0331-038.1-0413-0431-0412-0227-0324-0326-0184-0374-037.9-0317-031.4-0315-02~Lun24-024.9-0424-0413-0332-04GI-Tract2.4-023.2-0417-033.0-0344-03Deer1,603meast0000000.000000000Totaldose32-0228-0237-023.6-0232-013.1-0226-023.3-02*Analysisperformedatmaximumbeefanimallocationis1,693m{5,555ft)east.NOTE.24-02=24x10->1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-2.1ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHETEENGROUPPROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumBeefAnimalLocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~PathwaContaminatedgroundInhalationPreshvegetationStoredvegetationBeefDeer1,603meastTotaldoseTotal~Bod2.4-0224-0411-0363-0361-0414-043.2-02SkinBoneLiverP~hreid~ridee28-0224-0224-0224-021~8-0436-041.6-022.5-0322-0321-011.5-0213-0213-0214-0311-0311-0217-0419-0432-04000000000028-0243-024.1-0227-0124-0243-043.2-021.7-0192-0292-053.2-01~Lun24-026.6-0423-042.4-032.6-043.1-0528-02GI-Tract2.4-0234-0412-034.0-0325-033.3-0432-02*Analysisperformedatmaximumbeefanimallocationis1,693m(5,555ft)east.NOTE:24-02=24xl0->1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE54-22ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHECHILDGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumBeefAnimalLocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~aathwaContaminatedgroundInhalationFreshvegetationStoredvegetationBeefDeer1,603meastTotaldoseTotal~BodSkinBoneLiver~rhroidKidaed28-0224-0224-022.4-0224-0223-042.4-04-3.4-042-0-0245-0328-0333-010.012-03002.6-0236-0222-02000025-0314-0317-021.5-042.4-04001.4-042.8-0267-0251-024.2-0176-0379-0478-0534-022.4-024.0-0426-0392-0388-0476-0345-02Lun~2.4-025.6-0431-044.4-034.4-042.7-0530-02GI-Tract24-022.6-04-78-044.4-0316-0319-0431-02+AnalysisPerformedatmaximumbeefanimallocationis1,693m(5,555ft)east.NOTE:24-02=24x10-<1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.4-23ANNUALDOSESTOMAXIMUMINDIVIDUALINTHEINFANTGROUPFROMGASEOUSEFFLUENTS+AtMaximumBeefAnimalIocation(AnnualDoseinmRem/yr)~patawaTotal~BodSkinBoneLiverT~aroidKidney~LunGI-TractContaminatedgroundInhalationTotaldose24-0214-0424-0228-0224-022.4-0224-020018-0425-0418-0228-0224-0224-0242-0224-0225-042.4-0224-0241-042.4-0224-0213014-041322.4-02134*Analysisperformedatmaximumbeefanimallocationis1,693m(5,555ft)east.NOTE:24-02=24x10-<1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISTABLE5.4"24CALCULATEDANNUALDOSESFORPOPULATIONWITHIN80"KM(50-MI)RADIUSLiidEffluentsIngestionofpotablewater'ngestionoffishShorelinerecreationSwimmingBoatingIWholeBody2.2-026.2-014.2-031.9-057.8-06Thyroidman-Rem7.0-025.3-024.2-031.9-.057.8-06TotalGaseousEffluentsSubmersionInhalationStandingoncontaminatedgroundIngestionoffruits,grains,andvegetationIngestionofcowmilkIngestionofmeat6.5-013.3-011.4-027.2-021'-014.8-023.8-031.3-013.3-019.6-017.2-021.5-016.4-016.9-03Total6.3-012.2+00NOTES:1.Baseduponaprojected80-km(50-mi)populationof1.2+06fortheyear2010.2.2.2-,02=2,2g10~1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABIE5.4-25CALCULATEDPOPULATIONDOSECOMMITMENT(ContiguousU.S.PopulationDose)AnnualDosePerSiteLiquideffluentsNoblegaseffluentsRadioiodinesandparticulates*TotalTotalBody6.5-011.2+001.9+012.1+01Thyroidman-Rem1.3-011~4+002.2+012.41+01NOTE:6.5-01=6.5x10*Carbon-14andtritiumhavebeenaddedtothiscategory.1of1

o+C'yCyZ0I0)0tLtllOI-'z0I-DClg00oo0NUCLEARFACILITYLIQUIDEFFLUENTS<4IV7INGESTIONOS'OSVREp0MATERIALS(giEe%~e%o~gl<~e(iUlIOV0O~O~WATERIMMERSION/y(.t~ciP.PLANTINGESTION2POSONE+dbNNS~NIIV'ST/pFIGURE5.4-1EXPOSUREPATHWAYSTOORGANISMSOTHERTHANMANNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

GASEOUSEFFLUENTSNUCLEARFACILITYbI0I00LIQUIDEFFLUENTS0C00QO0Qaexp~//00'0/Igc$4'/'gnosuretoDepr/asareoIstionoi'DirectIrradiationI'Exposurehoreii"~'CojIPO~C'OIP//f/,~P//.;qation'/'(8$$ff~iffdb&.6ggtt0.0liP00IIIOP0Jl0O~ol"ckMeatIIt)."0VPrWaterImmersione,gsione,g~"rloceQFIGURE5.4-2EXPOSUREPATHWAYSTOMANNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMileFointUnit2ER-OLS5.5NONRADIOLOGICALWASTESYSTEMIMFACTS5.5.1IdentificationofNonradiologicalEffluentDischargesUnit2operationwillresultineffluentreleasestoairandwaterandsolidwastedisposalonland.Nonradiologicaleffluentsreleasedtowaterarediscussedindetailin.Sections3.6.1,3.6.2,and3.6.3.SolidwastesthataredisposedofonlandarediscussedinSections3.6.2and3.6.3andconsistofcoolingtowersludgeandsanitarywastetreatmentsludge.Sourcesofnonradiologicaleffluentdischargestotheatmosphereincludecombustionproducts(SO>,NOx,andparticulates)fromtheoperationoftwostandbydieselgenerators,onehigh-pressurecorespray(HFCS)dieselgenerator,.andthediesel-drivenfireprotectionpump.Dieselgeneratoroperation,specifications,andfluegasparametersarediscussedinSection3.6.3.4.Othernonradiologicaleffluentsdischargedtotheatmosphereincludedriftandwatervaporemissionsfrom.thenatural-draftcoolingtower.Driftreferstodropletsofcirculatingwaterentrainedinthecoolingtowerairflowanddischargedintheexhaustflowfromthetopofthetower.Thedriftcontainsdissolvedsolidsthatarepresentinthecirculatingwatersystem.Watervaporisemittedfromthecoolingtowerasaresultoftheevaporativecoolingprocessinthetowerandmayformavisibleplumeupondischargetotheatmosphere.TheseeffluentsaredescribedindetailinSection3'.1~3.5.5'ComplianceWithEffluentStandards5.5.2.1DischargestoWaterDischargesaresubjecttotwotypesofrestrictions:effluentlimitationsandreceivingwaterbodyqualitystandards(andcriteria)~Theeffluentlimitationslimitconcentrationsatthewastestream.Dischargewaterqualitystandardsapplytothereceivingwatersafterallowanceforinitialdilution,i.e.,mixingzoneneartheoutfall.EffluentsdischargedtoLakeOntariomustconformtothefederaleffluentlimitationsguidelinesandstandardsforthesteamelectricpowergeneratingcategory(40CFR423).ThenumericalvaluesoftheapplicablelimitationsarelistedinTable3.6-1..Inadditiontotheseregulations,NewYorkStatewaterpollutioncontrollaws(Article17,5.5-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTitlesl-ll)'~'ncluderegulationsfortheStatePollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(SPDES)permitunder6NYCRR750-757,whichcanrequiremorestringenteffluentlimitsthanthefederalstandards.AcopyoftheNineMilePointStationSPDESpermitisincludedinChapter1.WaterqualitystandardsforLakeOntarioarespecifiedin6NYCRR702.1'basedonthelake'sclassification,ClassA-SpecialWaters,andaresummarizedinTable3.6-1.InadditiontothepertinentstatewaterqualitystandardsforpH,totaldissolvedsolids,andiron,guidelinesforselectedmetalshavebeenestablished.TheInternationalJointCommission(IJC)'~'akesrecommen-dationstoregulatoryagenciesandsetsobjectivesorgoals,buttheseobjectivesdonotconstitutestandardsunlesstheybecomeincorporatedintotheNewYorkStatestandards.5.5.2.1.1CoolingSystemDischargeThecoolingsystemdischarge,includingvarioussmall-volumewastestreams,ismixedwithservicewaterinacombinedplantdischarge.*Thepredictedchemicalcompositionofthiswas=estreamisdescribedinSection3.6.1andsummarizedinTable3.6-1.ThemaximumandaveragepredictedconcentrationsatthedischargepointandthepreviouslydiscussedeffluentlimitationsarealsosummarizedinTable3.6-1.Withtheexception.ofthefollowingparameters,-alleffluentstandardsandwaterqualitycriteriawillbemetatthepointofdischargepriortomixing.AsshowninTable3'-1,averageambienttotaldissolvedsolidsconcentrationsareabovethelakewaterqualitystandard.Asaresultofsolidsconcentrationbythecoolingtower,effluentconcentrationsarealsopredictedtobehigherthanthelakewaterqualitystandard.Ingeneral,theUnit2dischargewillcreateanearfieldincreaseintotaldissolvedsolidsthatwillbeindistinguishablefromambientconcentrationsafterthe10:1dilutionwhichoccurswithinthe'oneofactivemixinginducedbytheturbulenceofthedischarge(Table3.6-1).Themaximumeffluentzincconcentrationisgreaterthantheguideline.However,aftermixinginducedbythedischarge,thelakeconcentrationforzincwillbewithintheguidelinevalue.Thedischargehasbeendesignedasahigh-velocitysubmergedjettominimizetheareaaffectedandachievethemostrapiddilutionpossible.The"descriptionofthemixingzonein5.5-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSthevicinityoftheoutfallisdescribedinquantitativetermsinSection5.3.2.1.Thedesignoftheoutfallwillminimizetheareainfluencedbythedischarge.TheproposeddischargecomplieswithNewYorkState'bestusageclassificationsforLakeOntario.5.5.2.1.2TreatedSanitaryEffluentThesanitarywasteeffluentfromUnit2willbecombinedwitheffluentfromUnit1andtreatedpriortodischargetothelake.Thecombinedflow(Section3.6.2)isestimatedtototal74,943cum/day(19,800gpd)duringnormaloperationand374,715cum/day(99,000gpd)duringrefueling/main-tenance.TheUnit2contributiontothisflowundernormalconditionsis37,472cum/day(9,900gpd)andl87,358cum/day(49,500gpd)duringanoutage.Federalregulations40CFR133'describesecondarytreatmenteffluentstandards.Sanitaryeffluentfromthewastewatertreatmentsyst:emforUnits1and2willberestrictedtolimitsspecifiedintheSPDESpermitpursuanttothe40CFR133regulationsandreceivingwaterqualitystandards.ThetreatedeffluentwillmeettheSPDESpermitlimitationsforthisdischarge.5.5.2.1.3StormWater,Roof,andYardDrainageStormwaterandroofdrainsareeffluentstreamsgeneratedbyprecipitationevents.ItisanticipatedthatthesedischargeswillbeexemptedfromSPDESlimitationsunder6NYCRR751.Notreatmentisplannedforthisdischarge.Drainageoroilspillsfromthemainandreservestationtransformerareaaredirectedthroughoil/waterseparatorstoremoveoilpriortodischargetothestormdrainsystem.5.5.2.1.4FloorDrainageDrainageoroilspillsfromthedieselgeneratorbuildingaredirectedthroughanoil/waterseparatortoremoveoilpriortodischarge.The40CFR423standardsforlow-volumewastesareapplicabletothedieselgeneratorbuildingdrainageandothernonradiologicalfloordrainage.Thesestandardsspecifymaximumdailytotalsuspendedsolids(TSS)concentrationsof100mg/1andmaximumdailyoilandgreaseconcentrationsof20mg/1.Theaveragedailyconcentrationlimitsfor30consecutivedaysare30mg/lforTSSand15mg/1foroilandgrease.Itisanticipatedthatnonradiologicalfloordrainagewillmeettheprecedingrequirementsthroughproperisolationandcontainmentof5.5-3 NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSmater'ialspillstofloorsservedbythenonradiologicalfloordrains.5.5.2.2DischargestoAirTherearenofederalnew-sourceperformancestandards(NSPS)orstateemissionstandardsapplicabletothestandbydieselgeneratorsanddiesel-drivenfirepump,exceptfortheNewYorkStatelimitfora.stationarycombustioninstallationto40percentopacityforanytimeperiodor20percentopacityforaperiodof3minormoreduringanycontinuous60-minperiod(Section3.6.3.4).Throughproperoperationandmaintenanceofthe,.standbydieselgenerators,compliancewiththeseopacitylimitswillbeachieved.Thesuspendedportionofthedriftemissionsfromthenatural-draftcoolingtowerwillcontributetotheambientsuspendedparticulateconcentrationlevels.ThemagnitudeofthiscontributionwasdeterminedbasedontheresultsofthemodelinganalysispresentedinSection5.3.3.1.1.Maximumannualaverageandmaximum24-hraverageground-levelconcentrationsofsuspendedparticulatesduetocoolingtoweroperationwerepredictedtobe0.0004ug/cumand0.026ug/cum,respectively.Thenational'primaryairqualitystandardsforparticulatesare75ug/cum(annual)and260ug/cum(24hr).Thesecondarystandardsfortheannualand24-hrperiodsare60ug/cumand150ug/cum,respectively..ThecorrespondingapplicableNewYorkStateambientairqualitystandards(6NYCRR257)are45ug/cum(annual)and250ug/cum(24hr).Thepredictedparticulateconcentrationsduetocoolingtowerdriftemissionsareseveralordersofmagnitudebelowthefederalandstatestandards.Therefore,thecoolingtoweremissionswillneithercausenorexacerbateanyviolationofairqualitystandards.Preventionofsignificantdeterioration(PSD)requirementsdoesnotapplytothecoolingtowersincetheestimatedemissionrateofparticulates(8,980kg/yr[9.9ton/yr])iswellbelowthe226,800kg/yr(250ton/yr)emissioncriterion.5.5.2.3DischargestoLandUnit2operationwillresultintheproductionofsludgesgeneratedfromcoolingtoweroperationandsanitarywastewatertreatment(Sections3.6.2and3.6.3).Priortodisposal,thequalityofthecoolingtowersludgewillbedetermined,andadisposalmethodprovidingthenecessarylevelofenvironmentalprotection,inaccordancewith5.5-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSregulationspursuanttoPL94-580(theResource,Conservation,andRecoveryAct)andNewYorkStatesolidwastemanagementlaws,Article27(collection,treatment,anddisposalofrefuseandothersolidwaste),willbeselected.Thesanitarywastesludgewillbedisposedofbyacontractor(Section3.6.2)inaccordancewithNYCRRTitle6,Chapter360(solidwastemanagementfacilities).5.5.3ImpactsAssociatedWithNonradiologicalEffluentDischarges5.5.3.1DischargestoWaterAsdiscussedinSection3.6,thereareseveralsourcesofliquideffluentfromUnit2.Theimpact'tobiotaresultingfromthethermalcomponentofthesedischargesisdiscussedinSection5.3.Thepotentialimpact,ofthechemicalconstituentsofthedischargestoaquaticlifeisdiscussedinthissection.Thecombinedplanteffluent,includingthecirculatingwaterblowdownstream,dischargesintoLakeOntario457m(1,500ft)fromtheshorelineinapproximately10.7m(35ft)ofwater.Thechemicalmakeupofthisstreamisdeterminedprincipallybytheambientlakewaterquality,asconcentrated{average1.67times)andtreatedintheclosed-cyclecoolingsystem.Additionsofothereffluentstreamsresultingfromstationoperation,whichprovidesmallquantitiesofvariousconstituents-onavariableschedule,arediscussedinSection3'.1.Table5.5-1liststheexpectedcompositionofthewastewaterstreamatthepointofdischarge,alongwithlaboratory-determinedacutetoxicitylevelsforeachoftheconstituents.ToxicitydataforZakeOntariospecieswereusedwheneverpossible.Incaseswheretestswereconductedunderavarietyofconditions,thedatachosenshowedwaterqualitymostsimilartoLakeOntario.Table5.5-2showsproposedEPAwaterqualitycriteriaforprotectionofaquaticlife.The24-hraveragevaluesaswellaspeaklevelsareincluded.Inthosecaseswherethelevelmustbecalculatedusingambienthardness,alevelof90mg/1asCaCO>wasusedasrepresentativeofLakeOntariowatersintheNineMilePointvicinity{Section2.3.3).Formost,constituents,maximumeffluentconcentrationsatthepointofdischargearewellbelowlevelsthathavebeenreportedtobeacutelytoxictoaquaticlife(Table5.5-1).Theselevelswouldbefurtherdilutedasthedischargerapidlymixeswithlakewater.5.5-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThecalculatedeffluentconcentrationsforchlorine,atthepointofdischarge,copper,andzinccouldexceedtoxiclevelsbasedoncontinuousexposuresfor48to96hr.However,thisisconsiderablylongerthantheexposureexpectedatUnit2,eveniforganismsareentrainednearthedischargeports(Section5.3.2.2).Becauseoftherapiddilutionoftheplumewithlakewaterandthehighwatervelocitiesnearthedischargeports,organismswillonlybeexposedtopotentiallyharmfulconcentrationsforperiodsoflessthanafewminutes.Dilutionisprojectedtobeapproximately3:1inthefirst4m(13ft)and6:1in11m(35ft)(Section5.3.2.1).Forexample,LCvaluesfor30-minexposurestochlorine,whicharestillfarinexcessofanticipatedexposuresatUnit2,arehigherthanthemaximumconcentrationsexpectedatthedischargeports(Table5.5-1).Thus,theexposuredurationwillbeshortandisnotexpectedtohaveasignificantimpactonLakeOntariobiota.Theeffluentfromthesewagetreatmentplantwillcontainphosphatesandnitrogenthat,couldcontributetoanincreaseinalgalbiomassnearthedischarge'.However,thissmallnutrientadditionisexpected'tohavenodetectableeffectonthebiotaofLakeOntariobeyondtheimmediatedischargearea.ChlorinewillbeaddedtothesanitarywastetreatmenteffluentasrequiredbytheSPDESpermittocontrolpathogenicorganisms.Noimpactonaquaticlifeisanticipatedfromtheremainingeffluentsources,i.e.,stormwater,roof,yard,andfloordrainage.5.5.3.2DischargestoAirTheemissionsofcombustionproductsfromthedieselgeneratorsandfirepumpwillnotadverselyaffectairquality.Likewise,particulateemissionsfromthecoolingtower(Section5.5.2.2)resultinginambientconcentrationsfarbelowfederalandstateairqualitystandardswillnotcreateanadverseimpactonairquality.OtheratmosphericconsiderationsassociatedwithcoolingtoweremissionsarediscussedinSection5.3.3.1.1.Analyticalresultsdemonstratethat,therearenosignificantadverseatmosphericimpactsassociatedwithcoolingtoweroperation.5.5.3.3SolidWasteLandImpactsCoolingtowersludgewillbedisposedofinalicensedsanitarylandfill.Throughproperoperationandmaintenance5.5-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSofalicenseddisposalfacility,impactsfromlanddisposalcanbeminimized.Sludgegeneratedfromthecombinedsanitarywastetreatmentplant,treatingwastesfromUnitsland2,willbedisposedofbyalicensedcontractorwhosedisposalpracticeswillmeettherequirementsofNewYorkStatesolidwastemanagementfacilities(NYCRRTitle6,Chapter360).Compliancewiththeseregulationswillassuremitigationofimpacts.5.5.4UnavoidableAdverseImpactsAnyimpactsassociatedwithnonradiologicalwastesystemsareaddressedinSections5.5.2and5.5.3.5.5.5IrreversibleandIrretrievableCommitmentofResourcesThenonradiologicalwasteresultingfromtheoperationofUnit2willcausenoirreversibleandirretrievablecommitmentofland,water,orairresources.5.5-7

-NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.5.6ReferencesCodeofFederalRegulations,40CFR423.Title10,SubchapterN,Part423-SteamElectricPowerGeneratingPointSourceCategory,1980.2.Codes,Rules,andRegulationsoftheStateofNewYork,6NYCRR750-757.Title6,ChapterX,Article3StatePollutantDischargeEliminationSystems,Parts750-757,1980.3.Codes,Rules,andRegulationsoftheStateofNewYork,6NYCRR702.1.Title6,ChapterX,Article2-Clas-sificationsandStandardsofQualityandPurity,Part702,Section702.1-ClassA-Special(InternationalBoundary)Waters,1974.GreatLakesAdvisoryBoard.AnnualReporttotheInternationalJointCommission,1981.5~CodeofFederalRegulations,40CFR133.Title40,SubchapterD,Part133-SecondaryTreatmentInfor-rr.ation,1978.6.7.Thomas,*R.V.;Winfield,R.P.;andDiToro,D.M.ModelingofPhytoplanktoninLakeOntario(IFYGL).Proceedingsofthe17thConference,GreatLakesResearch,InternationalAssociationforGreatLakesResearch,1974,p135-149.Becker,C.D.andThatcher,T.O.ToxicityofPowerPlantChemicals-toAquaticLife.Wash1249.U.S.AtomicEnergyCommission,1973.8.Ellis,M.M.;Westfall,B.A.;andEllis,M.S.DeterminationofWaterQuality.U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,FishandWildlifeService,ResearchReportNo.9,1946.9.Hughes,J.S.AcuteToxicityofThirtyChemicalstoStripedBass(Moronesaxatilis).PresentedattheWesternAssociationofStateGameandFishCommission,SaltLakeCity,Utah,1973.10.Mackee,J.E.andWolf,H.W.WaterQualityCriteria.Publication3-A.StateWaterResourcesControlBoard,CA,1963.11.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.AmbientWaterQualityCriteriaforChromium.EPA440/5-80-035,1980.5.5-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS12.Dowden,B.F.andBennett,H.J.ToxicityofSelectedChemicalstoCertainAnimals.J.WaterPoll.ControlFed.Vol.37,1965,p1308-1316.13.Benoit,D.A.ToxicEffectsofHexavalentChromiumonBrookTrout(Salvelinusfontinalis)andRainbowTrouts"""').[AlsoEPA/600/J-761013,6pp.][PB-26S253/SBE.]14.Wurtz,C.B.andBridges,C.H.PreliminaryResultsFromMacroinvertebrateBioassays.Proc.Pa.Acad.Sci.Vol.35,1961,p51.15'rthur,J.W.andLeonard,E.N.EffectsofCopperondecisuminSoftWater.J.Fish.Res.Bd.CanadaVol.27,1970,p1277-1283.16~Rehwoldt,R.,etal.TheAcuteToxicityofSomeHeavyMetalIonsTowardBenthicOrganisms.Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.Vol.10,1973,p291.17.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.AmbientWaterQualityCriteriaforCopper.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,CriteriaandStandardsDivision.EPA440/5-80-056,1980.18.Rehwoldt,R.;Bida,G.;andNerrie,B.AcuteToxicityofCopper,Nickel,andZincIonstoSomeHudsonRiverFishSpecies.Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.Vol.6(5),1971,p445-448.19.Rehwoldt,R.,etal.TheEffectofIncreasedTemperatureUpontheAcuteToxicityofSomeHeavyMetalIons.Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.Vol.8,1972,p91.20.Birge,W.J.andBlack,J.A.EffectsofCopperonEmbryonicandJuvenileStagesofAquaticAnimals.InJ.O.Nriagu(ed.),CopperintheEnvironment.J.WileyandSons,NewYork,1979.21.Thurston,R.V.;Russo,R.C.;Fetterolf,C.M.,Jr.;Edsall,T~A.;andBarber,Y.M.,Jr.AReviewoftheEPARedBook:QualityCriteriaforWater.WaterQualitySection,AmericanFisheriesSociety,Bethesda,MD,1979.5.5-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS22'ewis,M.EffectsofLowConcentrationsofMaganousSulfateonEggsandFryofRainbowTrout.Prog.Fish-Cult.Vol.38(2),1976,p63-65.23.Kimball,G.,Jr.TheEffectsofLesserKnownMetalsand"'""'"'~e'")D~ahniamacana.UnpublishedManuscript,1980.24.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.AmbientWaterQualityCriteriaforNickel.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,CriteriaandStandardsDivision.EPA440/5-80-860,1980.25.Hale,J.G.ToxicityofMetalMiningWastes.Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.Vol.17,1977,p66-73.26.Pickering,Q.H.andHenderson,C.TheAcuteToxicityofSomeHeavyMetalstoDifferentSpeciesofWarmWaterFishes.InternationalJournalofAirandWaterPollution.Vol.10,1966,p453-463.27.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.AmbientWaterQualityCriteriaforZinc.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,CriteriaandStandardsDivision.EPA440/5-80-079,1980.28.Chapman,G.A.andStevens,D.G.AcutelyLethalLevelsofCadmium,Copper,andZinctoAdultMaleCohoSalmonandSteelhead.Trans.Am.Fish.Soc.Vol.107,1978,p837-840.29.Spehar,,R.L.;Lemke,A.E.;Pickering,Q~H.;Roush,T.H.;Russo,R.C.;andYount,J.D.EffectsofPollutiononFreshwaterFish.JournalWPCFVol.53,No.6,1981,p1028-1076.30.Arthur,J.W.andEaton,J.W.ChloramineToxicitytotheAmphipodGammarusseudolimnaeusandtheFathead2Vol~28,1971,p1841-1845.31.Ward,R.W.andDeGraeve,G.M.AcuteResidualToxicityofSeveralWastewaterDisinfectantstoAquaticLife.WaterResourcesBull.Vol.14,1978,p696-709.32.Ward,R.W.andDeGraeve,G.MDAcuteResidualToxicityofSeveralDisinfectantsinDomesticandIndustrialWasteWater.WaterResourcesBull.Vol~16,1980,p41-48.5.5-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS33.Basch,R.E.andTruchan,J.G.ToxicityofChlorinatedPowerPlantCondenserCoolingWaterstoFish.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.EPA600/3-76-009,1976.34.Brooks,A.S.andSeegert,G.L.TheEffectsofIntermittentChlorinationontheBiotaofLakeMichigan.SpecialReportNo.31.UniversityofWisconsin,CenterforGreatLakesStudies,Milwaukee,1977.5.5-11

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE55-1COMPARISONOFUNIT2COMBINEDPLANTEFFLUENT,LAKEONTARIOWATERQUALITYATNINEHILEPOINTdANDBIOLOGICALEFFECTSFORSELECTEDCHEMICALCONSTITUENTSConstituentLakeConcen-tration<<>MeanHaximum~e/1~m/1EffluentBioloConcentration<i)MeanHaximumConcentrationicalEffects<<lHarness(mg/1as~cacoCriterionSource<>>SodiumCalciumChloride1635264753235648427382Magnesium8Sulfate31409914147NitrateChromium<0.180.32<0240.50<00010002<000100031,6401605,0001~00016d50012,500(asNa2SOg)3,50025010,000(asNaNO3)(asK>Cr30>)0.067(asK~Cr0+)64690590110.0-213048-hrLC50~DahniamacCna96-hrLC50Gambusiaaffinis96-hrLC50MoronesaxatilisjuvenilesH.saxatilislarvae96-hrLC50Gambusiaaffinis96-hrLC50~LeomismacrochirusM.saxatilisjuvenilesM.saxatilislarvae96-hrLC50L.macrochirus96-hrLC50GammaruseudolimnaeusOceaniaarcana.SalemgairdneriS.fontinalisL.macrochirusBeckerandThatcher<>>Ellisetal<<>Hughes<4>Huqhes<4>MackeeandWolf<<4>BeckerandThatcher<>>Hughes<4>Hughes<4>BeckerandThatcher<>>EPA<<<>DowdenandBennett<<>>Benoit<<>>Benoit<<>>EPA<CopperIron<0019<0066<0.027<0.1050.0910.1720.1220.2670.1(asCuSO+)0.02(asCuSOi)0910007-002760-74(asCuCli)62-64(CuNO3)6976010035-555044-24589-9953-5510096-hrLC50Limnodrilushoffmeister.GammarusseudolimnaeusGammarus~s.~pahnis~ulicariaO~nccrhneneskisntchMoroneamericana96-hrLC50MoronesaxatilisWurtxandBridges<ArthurandLeonard<l>>Rehwoldtelal<<4>EPAC1TlEPA<<>>Rehwoldtetal<<4,~4iBirgeandBlack<<4>Hughes<4>1of3 IkE'e NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5.5-1(Cont)ConstituentLakeConcen-tration<<>MeanMaximum~m/I~m/1EffluentBioloicalEffects<<>Concentration<~>HarnessMeanMaximumConcentration(mg/las~cacoCriterionSourcei>>ManganeseNickel338197<00040009<00050.0141358.9913(asNiN03)1.9-2.3(asNiClg)35.5(asNiN03)13.6-13.75.2-54396001800390024006116037-40(asMnSOg)50100-10453-5520360salmodairdneri96-hrLC505-23%increaseinmor-talityods.daitdnerieggsduring29-dayexposure~sinehalesCromelas96-hrLC5028-.daysurvivalinembryolarvaltestwas48'%D.m~ana96-hrLC5028-dayLC5096-hrLC50Gammarussp.D.~cCnaSgaizdneriM.americanaL.macrochirusL.macrochirusThursonetal<<~~Lewis<<>>Kimball<<>>Kimball<>>~Kimball<>>~Kimball<<>>Rehwoldtetal<<6~EPA<>~>Hale<~5>Rehwoldtetal<<o~~~iPickeringandHenderson<<~>ZincChlorine-0(Totalresidual-TRC)<0.092<0.27022(astotalchloramine)0017(asTRC)003700711102<0.0480.281<00650437810.525(asZnClz)4.6(asZnCl~)176(asZnCl~)14.3-144(asZnNO3)04150105948353-5520-5296-hrLC50Gammarussp.D.~acanaO.kisutchS.dairdneriM.americana12-dayLC50S.dairdneri96-hrLC50G.seudolimnaeusD-macanaS.dairdneriSalvelinussp.48-hrLC50Gammarussp.s.truttaRehwoldtetal<<~~EPA<<>>EPA<<>>ChapmanandStevens<~~>Rehwoldtetal<~8,~~>Spehanetal<<~~ArthurandEatonc30>WardandDeGraeve(~i)WardandDeGraeve<~2)WardandDeGraevec3aiWardandDeGraeve<~~>WardandDeGraevec3~>2of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OZSTABLE5.5-1(Cont)ConstituentBioloaicalEffects'~>LakeConcen-Effluenttration<<~Concentration<~>MeanMaximumMeanMaximumConcentrationChlorine(Cont)119(17oC)0.56(21oC)80(10oC)1.1(20oC)07(30oC)215(10oC)1.70(20oC)030(30oC)1.26(10oC)138(15oC)0.9(20oC)Hardness(mg/1as~cacoCriterion96-hrLC50after30-minexposure30-minLC50M.americanaM.americanaM.americanaAlosaseudoharanus0.kisctchCktsctch0,klsctc.hBrooksBrooksBrooksBrooksBrooksBroOksBroOksBroOksBrooksBrooksandSeegert<~~>andSeegert<3~>andSeegert<3~~andSeegert<~~>andSeegert(3~>andSeegert<3~~andSee@crt<3~>andSeegert<*~~andSeegert~*~?andSeegertc3+)Source<>>BaschandTruchan~>>~<<>PromTable3.6-1<<>BasedonasurveyofavailableliteratureandselectionofmostappropriatedataasanindicatorofpotentialeffectsonLakeOntarioorganisms.<>>SeeSection5.5.6(References).3of3 II' NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE,5.5-2PROPOSEDWATERQUALITYCRITERIATOPROTECTFRESHWATERAQUATICLIFELevelNeverToBeExceededu/1Constituentc<lChromiumhexavalent24-hrAverageConcentrationu/1029Criterion21ValueatHarnessof90m/1asCaCO21Source(e)EPA<<<)EPA<<~~Chromiumtrivalent(1.08[in(hardness)]+3.48)4,187.2eCopperNickel56(0.76fln(hardness))+106}e(equals88.2ug/1atahardnessof90mg/1asCaco3)(0.94[in(hardness)]-1.23)201e(0.76[in(hardness))+4.02)1,701.5eEPA<<~~EPA~<~~Zinc47(0.83[in(hardness)]+1.95)e294.4EPA<<>~<<~Measuredastotalrecoverable<<>SeeSection5.5.6(References).1of1

NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLS5."6TRANSMISSIONSYSTEMIMPACTS5.6.1,TerrestrialConsiderationhasbeengiventothepotentialforecologicalimpactsresultingfromboththepresenceoftransmissionfacilitiesintheecosystemandtheneedtomaintaintheright-of-way(ROW).Theexistenceandmagnitudeofanyim-pactsareafunctionofthetransmissionlinedesign,thecharacteristicsoftheareascrossedbytheROWcorridor,andthemaintenancepracticesemployed.5.6.1.1ImpactonFloraOperationoftheNineMile2-Volney345-kVtransmissionlineisnotexpectedtohaveanysignificantnegativeimpactontheflorawithinoradjacenttothecorridor.Althoughher-bicideswillbeusedduringmaintenanceoftheROW(Section5.6.1.3),onlyproperlylicensedchemicalswillbeusedinanapprovedmanner.Herbicideswillonlybeusedonun-desirablespeciesthatcouldinterferewiththetransmissionlines'tisexpectedthatintimelow-growingvegetativecommunitieswillbecomeestablishedwithinthecorridor,therebyreducingtheamountofvegetativemaintenancerequired.NorareorthreatenedplantspecieslistedbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceortheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEn-vironmentalConservation(NYSDEC)areknowntobepresentwithinoradjacent'othecorridor(Section2.4.1.1.2);thus,noadverseimpacttosuchspeciesispossible.5.6.1.2ImpactonFaunaILittleornoimpactfromoperationandmaintenanceofthetransmissionlinesandROWisexpectedonfauna.Duringtheinitialmaintenanceperiod,anyfaunareestablishedafterconstructionmaybedisturbedoccasionallybycrewsclearingand/ortreatingundesirabletreespecies,buteventhiswilloccurlessfrequentlywithtime.OperationormaintenanceoftheNineMile2-Volney345-kVtransmissionlineorcorridorwillnothaveasignificantimpactonimportantspeciesoffauna.SpeciesclassifiedasendangeredorthreatenedbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeSer-viceus'ethevicinityonlyoccasionallyinthespring,summer,orfall.Exceptforthepossibilityofbirdcol-lisionsasdiscussedinthefollowingparagraph,theoperationandmaintenanceofthetransmissionlineandcor-ridorarenot,expectedtohaveanimpactonthesespecies.5.6-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCommerciallyimportantspecieshaveadequatehabitatin.thearea.Therefore,operationandmaintenanceofthetransmis-sionlineandcorridorwillnothaveasignificantimpactonthesespecies(Section2.4.1.1.3).Somepotentialexistsforthelossofbirdsthatcollidewithtransmissionlines,particularlyduringadverseweatherconditions.Theextent.ofsuchlosses,however,isdif-ficulttodetermine.Mostincidencesofbirdsstrikingwiresgounnoticedfor.thefollowingreasons:1.Limitedhumanactivityinareaswherestrikesaremostfrequent.2.Deadbirdslyingbeneathwiresoftenareconcealedbydensevegetation.3.Injuredordeadbirdsareremovedbypredatorsandscavengers.Inclementweatherconditionsreducethechanceforrecovery.In.general,reportedbirdmortalitiesduetocollisionswithtransmissionlinesarelowincomparisontothosecausedbyotherobstaclessuchastelevisiontransmittingtowers.Mortalitycausedbycollisionwithpowerlinesappearstobemoreprevalentamonglarge-sizedbirdssuchaswaterfowlandwadingbirds'.Collisionsaremorecommonwheretransmis-sionlinesareperpendiculartotheflightpathsalongmi-gratorycorridorsorinareaswherebirdsareinvolvedinfrequentlocalmovements.Birdsflyingathighspeedsandatlowaltitudesaremoresusceptibleintheseareas.Tworecent,bibliographiesaddressavianmortalityatmanmadestructuresincludingtransmissionlines'heproposedNineMile2-Volneycorridordoesnotcrosslargeopenwetlands,wherethepotentialforstrikesbylow-flyingbirdsishigh.BrushlandandagriculturearetheprimarylandusesinopenareasalongtheROW.Mostbirdflightactivitytherewillbeclosetothegroundandofshortduration.Thelinealsofollowsanexistingtransmis-sioncorridorandthuswouldprovideonlyaslightincreaseinpotentialimpact.Duringlong-distancemigration,birdswillusuallybeflyingathigheraltitudesandthuswillnotencounteranytransmissionlines.However,sincethelinesareintheairspace,thereispotentialforafewbirdstrikes.5.6-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.6.1.3Right-of-WayManagementThepotentialforecologicalimpactsresultingfrommain-tainingthetransmissioncorridorwillbeminimizedbyfol-lowinganecologicallysoundmanagementprogram.Aspartofthe,EnvironmentalManagementandConstructionPlan(EMECP)thatwillbepreparedbyNMPCandsubmittedtotheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSC)priortoconstructionofthetransmission'line,surveyswillbecon-ductedtoprovidetheinformationnecessarytoformulateaROWmanagementprogram.Thisinformationwillbedocumentedonasite-by-sitebasisusinganalysisforms(SiteAnalysisSurvey)andaerial.mosaic-maps.Itemsofimportancerelating.totheselectionofclearingmethodsandROWmanagement,techniquesincludethelocationandarealextentofwoodland;thelocationofsensitiveareassuchasstreams,wetlands,croplands,andhighwaycrossings;and-theproportionsanddensitiesofdesirableandundesirablespecies':,'.TheprimaryobjectiveoftheROWmanagementprogram,aspartoftheEMSCP,istheelimination,ofvegetationthatcouldobstructordamagethetransmissionlinesorwhichcouldhinderaccessrequiredforroutineoremergencyactivities.Thisobjectiveisaccomplishedthroughtheutilizationofproven,soundvegetationmanagementandcontroltechniques,includingthe.SiteAnalysisSurvey-(geographic,topographic,andvegetativecharacterizationoftheROW);selectiveclearingandslashdisposaltechniquesbasedontheSiteAnalysisSurvey;protectivemeasuresforstreamcrossings,wetlands,andagriculturallands;.limitationsontheconstructionandlocationofaccessroads;andthecontrolled,(stump,basal,orfoliarspray)applicationofapprovedherbicides.Themethodandpatternofvegetationmanagement,isplannedtoretaindesirablegrowthtotheextentpractical,whileef-fectivelyeradicatingonlyundesirablespecies.NewandimprovedtechniquesareevaluatedandincorporatedintotheROWmanagementprogramwhenwarranted.Selectivelyretainingcompatible,low-growingtreeandshrubspeciesisanotherobjectiveoftheROWmanagementprogram.Thispracticefostersthenaturaldevelopmentofdense.oldfieldshrub(low-growing)communities,whichprovidecom-petitiontoinvadingundesirablespecies.ThiscommunityfrequentlydiffersfromvegetativecommunitiesadjacenttotheROW,resulting.inthecreationofgreatervegetativediversityandimprovedwildlifehabitat.TheROWwillalsobemanagedtomaximizecompatibilitywithenvironmentallyandvisuallysensitiveareas.Where.5.6-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSrequired,thiswillbeaccomplishedthroughtheretentionofvegetativebufferzonesatsignificantstreams,othersen-sitivewaterbodies,androadcrossings,andthroughtheap-plicationofselectivemanagementtechniquestoeventuallyconvertthesebufferstonaturallyinvadinglow-growingspeciesthatarecompatiblewithboththetransmissionlinefacilityandaestheticorotherenvironmentalconsiderations'therobjectivesoftheROWprogramincludemanagementoftheROWforcompatibilitywiththeagricultural,recreational,andothermultiple-useactivities.DuringpreparationoftheEMEcCP,theROWisdividedintoin-dividualareasorsites(Section2.4.1.2.2).Informationisdevelopedonasite-by-sitebasis-duringeachsurvey.FormsusedduringtheEMSCPandduringeachsuccessiveas-sessmentarekeptonfile,serveasdocumentationofchangesinvegetationandROWconditions,andserveasinformationconcerningtheenvironmentalimpactofconstruction,restoration,andmanagement.ofthetransmissionfacility.NMPC'keepsROWclearingtotheminimumwidthnecessaryforconstruction,operation,andmaintenanceofthetransmissionfacility.AclearedROWwidthof23m(75ft)oneachsideofthecenterlinehasbeenestablishedbyNMPCasastandardfor345-kVlines.NMPC-establishedproceduresforselectiveclearingandslashdisposal,accessroutelayout,structurelaydownsitedesignation,andrestorationmeasuresprotectundisturbedvegetationandtopsoiltotheextentpractical.NMPCutilizesavarietyofselectiveclearingandslashdisposalmethodsthatareenvironmentallycompatiblewitheachsite;'onsiderationalsoisgiventosoilstability,protectionofdesirablevegetation,andprotectionof'ad-jacentresources.TheseconcernsareaddressedindetailintheEM6CP.NMPCcleanupandrestorationplansincludegrading,seeding,andfertilizingwhenrequiredonexposedmineralsoil,resultingfromconstructionactivities.Necessaryerosioncontrolmeasuressuchasditchingandwaterbarriersin-stalledduringconstructionwillnotexceed8workdaysafterinitialdisturbance.Whereinitialdisturbanceoccursinsnoworfrozensoilconditions,temporarycontrolmeasureswillbeinstalledsuchascrossditchingandmulching.Seedingwillbeinitiatedassoonassoilconditionsareconducive.NMPC-establishedproceduresforstreamprotection,whichin-cludenoequipmentaccessareas,restrictedactivities5.6-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSareas,clearingandslashdisposalmethods,stream-crossingdevices,erosioncontrolandrestorationmeasures,andcon-sultationwithNYSDECprotectstreamscrossedby.thetrans-missionline.NMPCutilizesherbicidesinbothconstructionandmain-tenanceofthetransmissionfacility.Duringconstruction,whileclearingoperationsareprogressing,it.isanticipatedthatastumpherbicidetreatmentand/orbasaltreatmentpriortocuttingwillbeapplied.ItisfurtheranticipatedthatasecondherbicidetreatmentwillbeappliedtovegetationoftheROWsometimebetweenitssecondandfourthfull-growing,seasons.TheactualtimeandmethodforthissecondtreatmentwillbedeterminedfollowingaROWinventory,wherebyvegetativeandphysicalconditionsoftheROWwillbeconsideredinpreparing-thetreatmentplan.Itisanticipatedthatmethodsforthesecondtreatmentwillincludestemfoliar,basal,andcutandstumptreatments.However,changingtechnologycouldalterapplicationmethodsofbothtreatments.Therefore,moredefiniteplanswillbediscussedintheEMScCP.OnlythoseherbicidesapprovedbytheEPAandNYSDECwillbeused.Itisanticipatedthatpicloram,triclopyr,and2,4-Dherbicideswillbeutilized;however,atthetimeoftreatmenttheuseofotherEPA-andNYSDEC-approvedherbicidesmaybemoreprudent.Mixtures,rates,andvolumesappliedwillbeinaccordancewithlabelinstructions.Inthemaintenancephase,afterconstructioniscomplete,thetransmissionlineisincludedintheROWmanagementpro-gramforexistinglines.InaccordancewiththePSC-approvedsystem-wideTransmissionRight-of-WayManagementProgrampreparedbyNMPC,anassessmentiscon-ductedwithin4yrafterthelasttreatment.Thepurposeofthisassessmentisto:1)documentvegetationandROWconditions,2)determinewhethertotreatthearea,and3)specifymaintenancetechniquesandmaterials.Themain-tenancetreatmentwilloccurtheyearfollowingtheROWinventory.Assessments,ROWinventories,andtreatmentswillcontinuethroughoutthelifeofthefacility.Subsequently,atintervalsof5to8ormoreyears,vegetationmanagementtechniquesdescribedinthePSC-approvedsystem-wideNMPCTransmissionRight-of-WayManagementProgram,and/orinaccordancewithfuturePSC-approvedROWmanagementprograms,willbeutilizedasneces-sarytomaintainsystemreliability.Onlyapprovedher-bicideswillbeutilizedatmixtureratesandvolumesinac-cordancewithlabelinstructions.5.6-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.6.2Aquatic5.6.2.1IdentificationofOperationalandMaintenanceActivitiesAssociatedWithTransmissionFacilitiesAsdiscussedinSection2.4.2.2,therearefewaquatichabitatscrossedbythetransmissionroute.Noneoftheseare,uniqueenvironments,andnothreatenedorendangeredfishoraquaticinvertebratesarepresent.TheactualoperationofthetransmissionelectricalsystemandROW,asdescribedinSection3.7andtheNewYorkStateArticleVIIApplicationfiledinApril1982,hasverylittlepotentialforadverseimpactonaquaticecosystems'~'.Ac-tivitiesnecessarytomaintainthetransmissionlinesandthecorridoraresufficientlyplannedandcontrolledtoprotectaquaticcommunitiesalongtheroute.Carewastakenduringinitialclearingtorestrictactivityinstreamandwetlandareas.Intheyearpriortoconduct-ingROWmaintenance,asite-by-siteinventorywillbeper-formedtodocumentvegetativeconditionsandtoprescribevegetativecontrolmeasures.Streamandwetlandareaswillbeidentified,andvegetativecontrolmethodssuitabletothoseareaswillbeprescribed.Whereitisnecessarytouseherbicides,theywillbeapplied,asappropriate,onasite-by-sitebasis.Themosteffective,approvedherbicideavailableatthetimeofapplicationwillbeused.Theuseofherbicideswillberestrictedinstreamandwetlandareas.Application(ifany)inthesesensitiveareaswillfollowtechniquesanduseamountsdirectedbytheherbicidelabel,andwillbeincompliancewithallapplicablepermitsandregulations.Anyvehicularaccessrequiredduringmain-tenanceactivitiesinthesesensitiveareaswillbelimitedtoexistingaccessroadsandstreamcrossingstoavoiddamageorerosiontotheseareas.Insummary,thereislittlepotentialforimpactonaquatichabitatsduetotransmissionlinemaintenanceandoperation.5.6.3TransmissionSystemImpactstoMan5.6.3.1LandUseImpactConstructionofthenewtransmissionlineisdiscussedindetailintheArticleVIIapplication'.Landusechangesresultingfromlineconstructionwillbelimitedbecausethenewtransmissionlinewillbelocatedwithinanexistingtransmissioncorridor.Nolandusechangesareexpectedfromtheoperationofthenewtransmissionfacility.No5.6-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISareaswithintheROWwillbetakenfromdesignatedpublicuse.Arelativelysmallarea(approximately6percent)inthecorridorsupportsactivefarming.Transmissionstruc-tureswillnotprecludeagriculturalactivitiesintheROW.ThetransmissionlinecorridorisshownonFigure2.4-4.Highwayandrailtransportationrouteshavenotbeenaf-fectedbyexistingtransmissionlinesand,therefore,arenotexpectedtobeaffectedbyoperationandmaintenanceofthenewtransmissionline.Operationofthetransmissionlinewillcomplywithallap-plicablelocal,state,andfederalregulationsandstandards.,5.6.3.2AudibleNoisefromTransmissionIinesNoisecanbegeneratedfromtransmissionlinecoronadis-chargesresultingfrommoistureonthehigh-voltageconductors.Coronadischargenoiselevelsgeneratedbya345-kVtransmissionlineduringheavyrainconditionshavebeenmeasuredtobeabout51dBAatadistanceof38m(125ft).Asthedistancefromthetransmissionlineincreases,thenoiseleveldecreasestoapproximately43dBAat152m(500ft)and36dBAat305m(1,000ft)'uringlightrainordensefogconditions,thesenoiselevelswouldbeapproximately5-8dBAlower.InstallationoftheUnit2transmissionlineswithintheexistingtrans-missionlinecorridorcanresultinanintermittentnoiselevelincreaseofapproximately3dBAforatotalof54dBAatadistanceof38m(125ft)fromthetransmissionlines.SincetheUnit2transmissionlinewillbelocatedwithintheexistingtransmissionlinecorridorandsinceveryfewresidencesarelocatedadjacenttothetra'nsmissionline,audiblenoisefromthe345-kVtransmissionlinesisnotex-pectedtoconstituteamajornewnoiseimpact,inthearea.5.6.3'MeanstoReduceImpactsofTransmissionSystemsNMPChasexperiencednosignificant,environmentalproblemsassociatedwiththeelectromagneticandelectrostaticef-fectsof115-kVand345-kVtransmissionsystems.Theaudi-bleandvisibleeffectsofcoronadischargeareintermittent,dependingonatmosphericconditions,andaresubstantiallyreducedbypresent-day,high-voltageequipment.Inaddition,theseeffects,whendetectable,areusuallyoflowintensityandareunnoticeable.NMPChasalsoexperiencednosignificantproblemwithelectromagneticnoiseorradiointerference.5.6-7

.Nine.MilePointUnit2ER-OLSElectricalfield.strengthfortheUnit2transmissionsystemisdiscussedinSection3-:7.Todate,Electric-PowerResearchInstitute(EPRI)sponsoredresearchandresearchfromothersourceshavedemonstratedthattheelectricfieldsemanatingfrom115-kVand345-kVtransmissionlinesdonothaveadversebiologicaleffectsonhumans.Ozoneproductionisassociatedalmostexclusivelywithcoronadischarge.Inthedesignofthe345-kV.transmissionlines,thisphenomenonhasbeencompensatedforbyavoidingtheuseofasingleconductorperphase.Insteadofasin-gleconductor,criticalspacingandtwoconductorsper,phaseareused,breakinguptheconcentratedelectricalfieldaroundasingleconductorandtherebymitigatingcoronaandozoneproduction.NMPChasnotincludedanyneworunusualdesignsinanyoftheroutes,towers,distancesanddimensions,oranyotherengineeringvariablesthat.maypresentneworadverseen-vironmentalimpacts.Baseduponthesuccessof.presentdesigns,NMPCexpectsnosignificanteffectstotheenviron-mentorthepublicfromtheoperationofUnit2transmissionlines.5.6.3.4MaintenancePracticestoReduceVisualImpactsVisualimpactofthe345-kVlinefromUnit2totheVolneySubstationisexpectedtobeminimal,becauseitislocatedwithinanexistingtransmissionlinecorridorandbecauseoftheremotelocationandlimiteduseoflandsandroadssur-roundingthecombinedROWs.Onestateroadandtwocountyroadscrossthe14.4-km(9-mi)line.Trafficvolumesonroadsintheareaarelow(Section2.2,.1).Viewsfromroadscrossing.thelinewillbepartiallyscreenedbyvegetationandtopography.Existingroadswillbeutilizedtoalargeextentfortrans-missionlineconstruction.Newaccessroadswillbecon-structedasrequired.Selectivecuttingatroadcrossingswillreducevisualimpactforpersonsusingroadsthatcrossthetransmissionline.corridor.Selectiveclearingwillbeemployedinwoodlandandbrushlandareas.Completeclearingwilltakeplaceonlyatconstructionsitesandaccessroads.Landcoverinthevicinityofthetransmissionlineisprimarilywoodland(Section2.4).ThereareactivelyfarmedareasinthevicinityofO'onnorandHallRoads.Sig-nificantviewsofstructuresandtheROWfrommostofthescatteredresidentialpropertiesalongtheROWandfromsightlinesoftravelersdrivingthroughtheareawillbe5.6-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSlargelyscreenedbyinterveningvegetationorstructures.SomeindividualresidencesonCountyRoute1,LilyMarshRoad,CountyRoute29,andHallRoadwillhaveviewsofthenewtransmissionline'.Naturallygrowingshrubsandcer-tainlow-growingtreeswillbemaintainedatroadcrossingstoprovidepartialscreeningofthefacility.PrivatepropertyownershipalongtheRONwilllimitpublicaccesstothecorridor.5.6-9 NineMi'lePointUnit2ER-OLS5.6.4Referencest1.Lee,J.M.,Jr.,EffectsofTransmissionLinesonBirdFlights:StudiesofBonnevillePower-AdministrationLines.PaperpresentedattheWorkshoponImpactofTransmissionLinesonMigratoryBirds,OakRidge,TN,1978.2.Weir,R.D.AnnotatedBibliographyofBirdKillsatMan-MadeObstacles:AReviewoftheStateoftheArtandSolutions.DepartmentofFisheriesandtheEnvironment,CanadianWildlifeService,OntarioRegion,Ottawa,Canada,1976.3.Avery,M.L~;Springer,P.F.;andDailey,N.S.AvianMortalityatMan-MadeStructures:AnAnnotatedBibliography.UnitedStatesFishandWildlifeService,OfficeofBiologicalServices,1978.4.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.ArticleVIIApplication:NineMile2-Volney765-KVTransmissionFacility,1978.5.NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.Application:NineMile2-Volney345-KVFacility,1982.ArticleVIITransmission6.ElectricPowerResearchInstitute(EPRI).LineReferenceBookfor345KVandAbove.AudibleNoise.1975.TransmissionChapter6,5.6-10 PATINGLICENSESTAGENINEMILEPOINTNUCLEARSTATION-UNIT2Qo[gg~

0-Nine'MilePoint.Unit2'ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTSSectionTitleVolumeChapter11~11.21.3Appendix1AAppendix1BINTRODUCTIONProposedProjectStatusofReviewsandApprovalsCrossReferencetoRegulatoryGuide4.2,Revision2Chapter22.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.92.10ENVIRONMENTALDESCRIPTIONSDescriptionoftheStationLocationLandUseWaterEcologySocioeconomicsGeologyMeteorologyRelatedFederalProjectActivitiesAmbientAirQualityNoise1111122222Chapter33.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.8PLANTDESCRIPTIONExternalAppearanceandPlantLayoutReactorSteam-ElectricSystemPlantWaterUseCoolingSystemsRadioactiveWasteManagementSystemsNonradioactiveWasteSystemsPowerTransmissionSystemsTransportationofRadioactiveMaterials2Chapter4ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFCONSTRUCTION2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)SectionTitleVolumeChapter5ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFSTATIONOPERATION5.15.25.35.45.55.65.75.85.95.10Appendix5ALandUseImpactsHydrologicalAlterations,PlantWaterSupply,andWaterUseImpactsCoolingSystemImpactsRadiologicalImpactsfromRoutineOperationNonradioactiveWasteSystemImpactsTransmissionSystemImpactsUraniumFuelCycleI'mpactsSocioeconomicImpactsDecommissioningandDismantlingMeasuresandControlstoLimitAdverseImpactsChapter6ENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSANDMONITORINGPROGRAMS6.16.26.36.46.56.66.76.8ThermalRadiologicalHydrologicalMeteorologicalMonitoringBiologicalChemicalOtherMonitoringProgramsEnvironmentalMeasurementsandMonitoringPrograms333333'3Chapter7ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFPOSTULATEDACCIDENTSINVOLVINGRADIOACTIVEMATERIALS7.17.2Appendix7AAppendix7BAppendix7CPlantAccidentsTransportationAccidentsChapter8THENEEDFORTHEPIANT NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)SectionChapter9TitleAITERNATIVESTOTHEPROJECTVolumeChapter1010.110.3EVALUATIONOFTHEPROPOSEDACTIONSummaryofUnavoidableAdverseEnvironmentalImpactsIrreversibleandIrretrievableCommitmentsofResourcesRelationshipBetweenShort,-TermUsesandLong-TermProductivityofMan'sEnvironmentBenefit.-CostBalanceChapter11SUMMARYOFACTIONSTAKEN

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.7URANIUMFUELCYCLEIMPACTSTheenvironmentaleffectsoftheuraniumfuelcycle,includinguraniumminingandmilling,theproductionofuraniumhexafluoride,isotopicenrichments,fuelfabrication,reprocessingofirradiatedfuel,transportationofradioactivematerials,andmanagementoflow-levelandhigh-levelwastes,arese'tforthinTableS-3ofpara-graph(e)of10CFR51.20,whichisprovidedasExhibit5.7-1.Rn-222andTc-99(thevaluesofwhicharenotprovidedinTableS-3)areunderconsiderationbytheNRC.Chapter10providesacomparisonoftheenvironmentaleffectsofUnit2versusthebenefitsoftheplant.5.7-1 EXHIBIT5.7-1Tabu&4.-740teof(fterffurnFuelC)eteEfhtrtuuheftutDeu'NowesrodIsmso¹LwRsfnv¹4olmwnnwc(WASIL1244)orFdwncomscsaryear(Nvntcvol1sl)lthsmursons<<gwww¹4slovoo~nocaIFlorohcafasaorysvctncd¹I)coMWoLWRTo¹Mavvrsmvtrragwsfvw¹4rrFooursfrwofF4svohcofo4clxyearotnetwt,oooMwoLWRwnv(nugaeulgsstnskettrefgsdtoar1007922Eohf¹vclo~110ItvocosNtsdgenor1924Eoef¹we95lAvecoound100tparcaetdnod¹ItcooMwoLwwwelcoolrolowar.Ilgyw127Ertvfthl~oocrhtcur¹$)Cases(nc4anyrearms+AfwtttTtwtsyVrTnsva(ousnth)CNKr~~141041.129I171Tayy2002.ON141=400.I~12.47phrrofoyuhtklfracohaovsxnby~IocornFsssrftyuhdvcoeeaslohttfteCorn.Eon¹sraco¹(leusnesdMl)Errltxnt~(MACasa(r<4dhQOeohhehtkSO.NO,'CIUthdxCs-ClFoTashcn$44saeteusthnthctIA)11277<4peevEolnedrltgegMwoLWI)wOIaca.ttOVghCoolhg.<5pooveotmooNIJ000MwoLwRouthA114EoANNhtlotNannmpstncl~45MwoCO¹snklpowarguhL175<04gwcvcolnedol17)00MwovwgyoepuL4,400l,lygEon¹mtlowaho>>Irom45MwocoosIralpekax4ysv.N294'1,15447AuegalyIenrVpr~~nctmar<~ndspteetnyCohcafesltnranyoOl¹¹4¹andvds-bstcwtndn¹INSsttacecAhuhwlbootesON99Froth~cctrrehk441Mar<alen.ahgmpo.250cosangslaps.~telan4$441204pacha¹loFaoforro~opsa5~wproratevlokeaconcowasoevldFo45cavoaoosoh¹dseenbytscavnyIxon12.1olwserloNvsebsttmgwnvs¹vaswvt100vda.The~Ih¹roeuet04bonvldtf~gowol04'mtvw.lorn<00CIL~CILAuondo-70as.240FICOIfrfesontyweogfvscwot4hoslo9lgeopmop¹ybornfnoawetu(nscwon4vcslo~wrnnnwnFhsenpra4assndrvrnvvrcsLkuexVmmmandOaugtarmFhaenondscsvoaongva4casolosysvedonScoy.OterstanNghInst(IhsttovdTAvveHkw(ossp)2.100740015OtSyxly'I.txlgrprnopolyaoftffhmhy~OSWVllfsavhNI10~ot14hw.tw¹ornnoanraononvrcn.FnvnVFFphx4cstmFnvn4sllsbrcasongAves-cohcaeason10pofcorcof10CFA20larlot¹pocssony24vnf¹441oorvnthmlcrneo¹LWIL9.100(7comasbornkard1200(7commIfoaraaasrOsan.lasfhncAordosconvhn~4tlandbveltscaaoL(OOClamosacvafntb~AHhhgsIIOS/fedlo(yondAgaormatoty40aavnosoocaworstnandtprfcIwl$lasysNoOQ.F¹Qhlatt4holotf~ahvramwSunod41FodvslAtposaoy.Es4~¹yrhoeotShwltwnvlurhs)T~~Erposvool<<CANISvldQvwdpubic~.040'5psrtvdOlmodaltgt00MWoLWRt5224Acmrepecewgahs<<ans~IslHANcasslwrwohovoysaNars0NaovaoflltebsatosedocuhwcsONIONIrntwwasakvosssdvldASLWOIISCLtNtraaIhaedbatmd4$II4NwceetaoOfayhxlbsohnedhHowrvrf.ternVaOtWVS4$n¹WhtnsoootscostalnteTa¹LTIMO44oatsnoli<4dsIN¹Aottsasocmnoon4acsdnabtoneeTsaxassfnvtosolmtsosoadaotvvottlwntevafhm4$1cyao<<onnwssdTsctnnvrn99r¹anadocmwana~aNpocstsnyacsvaoLThoroNsuosnaybotrrInbrvctcl149rnohntNnswov¹Iccnhnggscnoh9LC¹4hopolA)IhsIsaasmtvtninte~SurroyclteLpshvhFu¹Cyclo."WASH1240.Aprl1974,th~svvtyotte~ondwaseveyofsnlposonottoLwRFvttcyanI07REceII4(guteI4wAsH.124+teAbsccovharcsahlTaskFaco~Roywonyno~svfvsyctserpnxannyahows¹s4tnayanemposoedteLwRFustcyoo.NvpEGot\4Isuph2toWAsH-1244kventerocoodnosh¹htsmskngp<<thnnoloLvarvufaFvrlcyaotnpaasaaaspahiFwl~vvlAaooscnewarsrthsyynmwKDsa¹yobochSThe~pornocossngkwallsahagrrswvvlovnpotvhndwostsswmhnwtrolorrewoltehfokelcyassgevlnrtfohty~IldnofocyoskTINcaobutrnaoftl04I%ponatvnntc4drlo~olcokl4¹la4Foaaoroldotlrsooed4olveFroeacve<<sassaaa4rasterwhchare~nTtdos-sol}5120(gkThacchocvswbameeoewslrpsolte4slcreevotvsnncavan4EdTsao5-thdwASIL1240.~Thocohobvsw4Hhcwvtycommasdlandlefhophxassgarrndpo¹soover50years.srxoteompwoHngaoyheraacouosaysrdossolwhsewteptvsIwcosaersackvkvoneyovtv57roocsoslar50years.'EsvhatnoarlusrcsbosodMen~cloonwrccodkrsowergofwssonrI2phcoftltomFN4F¹QasInovfdpocasasotrhcAonesslnatrow¹AFauw.cseavtwmfsfsvtvsshhIscthsttstrkOww¹srhtCAA4nwslrasnwsnnstsnOc,JshvsftI,IIso NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.8SOCIOECONOMICIMPACTS5.8.1PhysicalImpacts5'.1.1LandUseImpactsOfthe364-ha(900-acre)siteownedbyNMPC,approximately13.5ha(33.4acres),or3.7percentofthetotalarea,willbeaffectedbyUnit2operation.Unit2facilitiesaccountfor5.9ha(14.5acres),whileparking,roads,andrailroadspursaccountforthebalanceof7.6ha(18.9acres).Theremainingsitelandwillbegenerallyunaffectedbyoperations,exceptforprovidingaccesstotheplantbuild-ingsandlaydownstoragespace.SpecificlandusesandroadwaysareidentifiedinSection2.2.1.1.Aprivateeast,-west.road,connectingcountyRoute1AandNYSRoute29,islocatedonNMPCproperty.Thisroadwillbeusedforsiteaccessbytheoperationworkforceforthedeliveryandpickupofmaintenanceandrefusematerialsand,tosomeextent,byScribatownresidents.Inaddition,arailspurthatwasbuiltonsite,fromtheConsolidatedRailroad'sOswego-Mexicobranchline,willbeusedoccasionallyduringplantoperationtotransportmaterialsthatareusedformaintenanceandoperation.However,shipmentswillbedeliveredmoreregularlybytruckviaLakeRoad,NYSRoute29,andUSRoute104duringworkinghours,7:00amto5:30pm.Thefrequencyofoperationmaterialsdeliveriesislimited,generallylessthanthatassociatedwithconstructionmaterials.Further,theareawithin3km(1.9mi)ofthesiteissparselypopulated.Therefore,deliveriesofoperationandmaintenancematerialsareexpectedtohaveaminimaleffectonthelocalarea.Unit2operationwillhavenoimpactonhistoricorrecreationalsitesinthearea.Section3'.2discussesthevisualimpactofUnit2.5.8~1.2NonradioactiveGaseousEmissionsEconomicandsocialeffectsofplantoperationresultingfromnonradioactivegaseousemissionswillbenegligible,sincetheauxiliaryboilerswillbeelectricallyoperated(ice.,noemissions)andthefossil-fireddieselgeneratorsandfirepumpswillbeoperatedinfrequently.Section3.6.3.4discussesemissionsinmoredetail.Plantoperationisnotexpectedtocreateanyadversemeteorologicalconditionsoutsidetheplantboundarythat5.8-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSwouldresultineconomicorfinanciallosstothearea.ThisaspectofplantoperationisdiscussedinSection5.3.3.1.4.5.8.1.3PotentialAdverseImpactsDuetoNoiseThissectiondiscussesseveralpotentialnoisesources,predictstheirnoiselevelimpact-inthesurroundingcommunity,andcomparestheseestimatedlevelswiththemeasuredambientsoundlevelsdiscussedinSection2.10andlistedinTable2.10-2.TheCommunitySoundLevelcomputermodel(COMSOLEN-055),developedbyStoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation(SWEC),wasusedtopredictthenoiseimpactduetoUnit2operation.Thiscomputerprogrammodelseachofthepowerplantnoisesourceswithrespecttotheirgeneratednoisecharacteristicsandtheironsitelocationrelativetoafixedreferencepoint(thecenterofthereactorbuilding).Thesoundlevelsforeachnoisesourcearethenextrapolatedtoeachofthereceiverlocations,which,forthepurposesofthisanalysis,aretheninemeasurementlocationsselectedfortheambientsoundlevelsurvey(Fi'gure2.10-1).TheCOMSOLsoundpropagationmodelcalculatestheeffectsofhemisphericaldivergence,atmosphericabsorption,sourcedirectivityandreflectivity,andbarrierattenuationduetothesurroundingpowerplantstructures.Nocorrectionsaremadefortheattenuationeffectsoftrees,topography,ormeteorologicalconditions.ThepredictednoiselevelsfromUnit2are,therefore,conservative;i.e.,theactualplantnoiselevelsinthecommunitydur'ingoperationwillfrequen-tlybelessthanindicated.Ateachreceiverlocation,thesoundlevelcontributionfrome'achnoisesourceisdeter-'inedandtheoverallpredictedimpactiscalculated(thelogarithmicsumofthenoisesources).TopredictthenoiseimpactexpectedfromtheoperationofUnit2,thefollowingprimarynoisesourcesweremodeledfortheCOMSOLcomputerinput:1.Natural-draftcoolingtower.2.Fourmaintransformers(threeoffouroperating).3.Tworeservetransformers.4.Twoauxiliarytransformers.5.Normalstationtransformer.5.8-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.Turbinebuilding(estimatesofinteriornoiselevelspropagatingthroughtheturbinebuildingwalls).7.Largeventilationsupplyandexhaustfansfortheturbine,reactor,andradwastebuildings.Unit2operationalnoiselevelsforeachoftheprecedingnoisesourceswerecalculatedat,theambientmeasurementlocationsshownonFigure2.10-1.ThepredictedUnit2noiselevelsaregiveninTable5.8-1,whichalsoincludesthemeasuredambientnoiselevels(includingtheoperatingnoiselevelsfromUnit1andtheJAFplant)forcomparison.At,alloffsitelocations,Unit2noiselevelsarepredictedtobelessthan'40dBA.Predictednoiselevelsalongthesouthwestboundaryofthepowerplant(LakeviewRoad)rangefrom33dBAatlocation2to37dBAatlocation1.PredictednoiselevelsalongMinerRoad,southoftheplant,rangefrom28dBAatlocation3to32dBAatlocation9.Alongthesoutheastboundaryofthepowerplant(Route29),predictednoiselevelsrangefrom28dBAatlocation3to39dBAatlocation6.Ananalysisofthepredictednoiselevelsfromeachoftheprimarynoisesourcesindicatesthat,inareaseastofthepowerplant(locations4,5,and6),thereactorbuildingventilationsystemsupplyfanslocatedattherearofthestandbygastreatmentbuildingarethedominantnoisesource(above30dBA),withalevelof37dBAatlocation6.Atallotherlocations,thenoiselevelsfromeachofthein-dividualnoisesourceswerelessthan30dBA.However,thetotalnoiselevelobtainedbylogarithmicallyaddingthesenoisesourcesgenerallyproducednoiselevelsintherangeof25-39dBA,dependingonthedistanceofeachlocationfromUnit2.Also,becauseofthedistanceofthenatural-draftcoolingtowerfromthenearestpropertyline(approximately1.6km(1mijtolocations1and6),predictednoiselevelsfromthissourceareexpectedtobelessthan29dBA.Combining(logarithmicallyadding)thepredictedUnit2operationalnoiselevels(Table5.8-1,column7)andthemeasuredambientnoiselevels(Table5.8-1,column5,withoutcrickets)resultsintheexpectedoverallnoiselevelslistedinTable5.8-1,column8.Theseresultsin-dicatethat,withUnit2operating,theexpectednoiselevelsateachofthemeasurementlocationswillincreasebetween1and4dBA,exceptatlocation6wheretheincreasewillbeapproximately7-8dBA.Thisincreaseatlocation65.8-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSisprimarilyduetotheexpectedimpactfromthereactorbuilds;ngventilationsupplyfans.AlthoughtheadditionofUnit2willresultinageneralincreaseinambientsoundlevels,theselevelsareincompliancewithbothHUD(45dBA)andEPA(49dBA)noiseguidelines,discussedinSection2.10',which-areusedtodefinecommunitynoiseacceptability.5.8.2SocialandEconomic5.8.2.1DirectImpactofStationOperationAdvaloremtaxesforUnit2havebeenestimatedforthefirst10yrofplantoperation.TheestimatedpaymentsarelistedinTable5.8-2andapplyonlytoUnit2.Estimatedtaxpaymentsrangefrom$15,147,586inthefirstyearofstationoperationto$29,149,859inthetenthyear(1982dollars).EffectsoftheserevenuesonthetownofScribaandOswegoCountydependonlocalplanningofcapitalexpenditures.ThepotentialexistsforthetownofScribaandthecountyofOswegotogainsignificantbenefitsfromthetaxesgeneratedbyUnit2.5.8.2.2ImpactsAssociatedWithOperatingStaffTheoperatingstaffforUnit.2isexpectedtonumberap-proximately300.Totheextentpossible,operatingperson-nelwillbedrawnfromthelocalarea.OtherpersonnelareexpectedtosettleincommunitiessurroundingUnit2throughoutthecounty.SomeoperatingpersonnelandtheirfamilieswillprobablysettleinthetownofScriba,butnosignificantimpactsareanticipatedfromtheirrelocation.InthetownofScribaandOswegoCounty,existingpublicservices,includingpolice,fire,school,andmedical,areabletoabsorbsomegrowth.Inaddition,asdiscussedinSection2.5.2,rec-reationalopportunitiesareavailablethroughoutthecountyandthroughouttheregionsurroundingUnit2.Becauseaportionoftheconstructionworkforceofasmanyas5,000hasbeenaccommodatedintheregionwithoutasig-nificantimpact,itisexpectedthatthe=operationstaffwilldispersethroughouttheregionandnotimpactanycommunity.Scheduledstationoutagesareexpectedevery12to24months.Theadditionalworkersrequiredduringthese5.8-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSperiodsareexpectedtoseektemporarylodgingwithinthelocalarea.Thiswouldnot,impactanycommunity.However,itwillresultinincreasedrevenuetolocalbusinessesinthearea.5.8-5

NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSTABLE5-8-1COMPARISONOPMEASUREDAMBIENTNOISELEVELS.WITHPREDICTEDUNIT2NOISEKEVELSMeasurementPeriodLocationhrdBALevelsforL>oCommunityNoiseAnalzer>>L~~Hand-HeldStatisticalData*WithCricketsWithoutCricketsdBALevelsCalculatedfrom-ResidualOctaveBandDataPredictedUnit2NoiseLevelsCOMSOLPredictedUnit2Levels+MeasuredAmbientLevels~Day0700-2200Night.2200-0700Day0700-2200Night.2200-0780Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night.2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-0700Day0700-2200Night2200-070037-0330-4232-3635-3600-4845-4731-3830-3238-4030-4030-0030-3446-4804-5038-0432-0040-0631-4036-4638-00024244-063804-0832-0239-4434-4035-0232-3548-0945-4938-0634-0041-0831-0037-4438-41414240-090240-5034-0135-3633-36'27-3331-3229-"3232-3635-3727-353728-3732-3329-31293035-383131-3631-3837332835323925333239-0030-0030-3635-3632-3034-3638-3935-383834-3839-0039313437-393535-3835-39<<NoisedBAlevelexceeded90percentofthetime.1of1 g~

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABIE5.8-2ESTIMATEDREALESTATEANDPERSONALPROPERTYTAXESTOBEPAIDONUNIT2(InMillionsofDollars)earNMPCPortion'Co-OwnerPortionTotalTax19861987198819891990199119921993199419956,210,5106,791,6457,288,7947,822,3338,394,9289,009,4379,668,92810,376,693ll,136,26711,951,4428,937,0769,773,34410,488,75211,256,52912,080,50712,964,80013,913,82314,932,31616,025,36117,198,41715,147,58616,564,98917,777,54619,078,86220,475,43521,974,23723,582,75125,309,00927,161,62829,149,8591982dollars.'~'NMPCretains41percentownershipofUnit2.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.9DECOMMISSIONINGANDDISMANTLINGThepotentialenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwithdecommissioninganddismantlingUnit2attheendofitsusefullifeareassessedinthissection,includingcurrentplansandpolicies.5.9.1PlansandPoliciesforActiontobeTakenattheEndofthePlant'sUsefulLifeUnit2isdesignedforanoperatinglifeofapproximately40yr.Therefore,itsdecommissioningactivitiesareexpectedtocommenceabout2026.ThecurrentNMPCpoliciesfordecommissioninganddismantlingUnit2aretousethemosteconomicalapproachbasedonthen-demonstratedtechnologies,aswellasonethatis.consistentwithregulatoryrequirementstoensurethehealthandsafetyofthedecommissioningworkersandthepublic.CurrentNMPCplansfordecommissioninganddismantlingUnit2arebasedontheimmediateremovalanddisposalofallmaterialsandstructures,radioactiveornot,andrestoringthesitetoessentiallypreconscructioncondition.5.9.2DecommissioningPlansasDescribedinRegulatoryGuide1.86RegulatoryGuide1.86identifiesthreebasicoptionsfor,thedecomissioningofnuclearpowerplantsattheendoftheirusefullife.However,basedonanalysesthatareapartoftheNRC'songoingRulemakingonDecommissioning,theNRChasindicatedthatoptionsnotinvolvingremovalwillbeunacceptableandthatpromptremovaldecommissioningisthepreferredmethod.BasedonthisNRCposition,pluseconomicassessmentsindicatingthatpromptremovaliscomparableto,orlessexpensivethan,otheroptionsthatinvolveultimateremoval,NMPCintendstoperformpromptremovaldecommissioning.Thismethodincludesremovalofallfuelassemblies,radioactivefluids,andothermaterialshaving.activitiesaboveacceptedunrestrictedactivitylevels,disposaloffsitetoanapprovedfacility,andsiterestoration.ThemonetarycostsassociatedwithcurrentNMPCplansforpromptremovaldecommissioningofUnit2aswellasthelong-termusesofthelandandtheamountoflandirretrievablycommittedarepresentedasfollows.5.9.2.1MonetaryCostsThetotalcostofdecommissioningUnit2isestimatedtobe$123millionintermsof1982dollars.5.9-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.9.2.2SiteConditionAfterDecommissioningandDismantlingUponcompletionofthedecommission'inganddismantlingactivities,theUnit2sitewillhavebeenrestoredtoessentiallypreconstructionconditionforunrestricteduse,exceptforpartsoftheelectricalswitchyardwhichmayremainintheNMPCsystemelectricalgrid.5.9.2.3AmountofLandIrretrievablyCommittedTheconstructionandoperationofUnit2hasbeenandwillbeconductedtoprecludetheirreversibleandirretrievablecommitmentsofland.Inaddition,currentNMPCplansfordecommissioningcallforimmediateremovalanddisposalofallmaterialsandstructures.Asaresult,nolandisforeseentobeirretrievablycommitted.5.9.3SummaryofAdverseEnvironmentalImpactsTheprincipalenvironmentalimpactofdecommissioningareactorwillbetheoccupationalradiationdosesreceivedbythedecommissioningworkers.ThesedoseswillbeminimizedinaccordancewiththeintentofALARA,andinnocasewillindividualdosagesexceedpermissiblelevels.Verysmallamountsofradioactivitycouldbereleasedoffsiteasaconsequenceofonsitedecommissioning,butonsiteradioactivematerialcontrolpracticeswillassurethattheseareminimalandsubstantiallybelowpermissiblelevels.Inaddition,theremaybesmallamountsofnonradioactivedustassociatedwithphysicaldemolition,but.thesewillbecontrolledtoacceptablelimitsbyemploymentofstandarddemolitiondustcontrolpractices.Finally,therewillbetruckorrailtransportofdemolitionequipment,ofradioactivewastespackagedinlicensedcontainerstolicenseddisposalsites,andofnonradioactivecomponents-andwastestoalocallicensedlandfillorotherdisposalorsalvagedequipmentsite.Approximately2yrbeforetheactualdecommissioning,adetailedassessmentofenvironmentalimpactswillbemadeasapartofthelicensingprocess,andmitigationproceduresappropriatetothespecificcircumstancesthatprevailatthattimewillbeundertaken.5.9.4CommitmentofResourcesfortheSiteConsiderationhasbeengiven,duringplantdesign,tomeasuresorfeaturesthatfacilitateoperationsactivities.Totheextentthatdesignfeaturesthatmakedecontaminationeasierforoperationalreasonsalsoimprovetheeaseof5.9-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OZSdecommissioning,suchfeaturesareavailable.However,inmanyareas,thegoalsofsafeoperationareinconflictwiththegoalsofeasingdecommissioning(suchasstructuralstrengthforseismicreasonsversuseasierdemolition),andoperationalsafetygoalsmustprevail.Thus,thereisessentiallynocommitmentofpresentresourcesthatareuniquelyrelevanttofuturedecommissioning.Thecommitmentoffutureresourcesisbestrepresentedinaggregatebythecostofdecommissioning,whichisidentifiedinSection5.9.2.1.Thesecostsincludelabor,equipmentrental,andavarietyofmaterialsandfuelsthatareusedinthedecommissioningactivity.5.9-3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.10MEASURESANDCONTROLSTOLIMITADVERSEIMPACTSManyfeaturesofthedesignandoperationofUnit2limitadverseenvironmentalimpacts.ImpactsrelativetotheoperationofUnit,2havebeendiscussedpreviouslyinthischapter.TheprincipalfeaturesofUnit2providedtolimitorminimizeenvironmentalimpactsarethecoolingtower,thedischargediffusersystem,theintake/fishreturnsystem,shorelineprotection,andvariouswastetreatmentsystems.Theseandothermitigativemeasuresarediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs.5.10.1NoiseImpactsSiteandVicinitBecauseofthelocationofUnit2onthesite,and'hedesignofthevariousplantsystems,noiselevelsareincompliancewithbothHUDandEPAguidelines(Section5.8.1.3)andnoadditionalmitigativemeasuresarerequired.TransmissionCorridorandOffsiteAreasConsideringthetransmissionlinevoltage,ruralnatureofthearea,andlocationofthelineadjacenttoanexistingcorridor,nomajornoiseimpact,isexpected.Therefore,nomitigativemeasuresareneeded.5.10.2ErosionSiteandVicinitErosionisnotexpectedtobeaconcernduringUnit2operation.Theshorelineisprotectedbytherevetment-ditchsystem.Allothersiteareasaregradedandeitherpavedorplantedwithgrassorothervegetationtopreventerosion.TransmissionCorridorandOffsiteAreas\ErosionpotentialwillbelimitedinthetransmissionlinecorridorbythemaintenancepracticesdiscussedinSection5.6.2.1.Ingeneral,vegetativebufferswillberetainedinstreamandwetlandareas,andvehicularaccesswillberestrictedtoexistingaccessroadsandstreamcrossings.5.10-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.10.3ImpactsofEffluentsandWastesonWaterQualitySiteandVicinitAsdiscussedinSection5.5.3,thetwomajorwastesdischargedtoLakeOntarioarethecombinedplantdischarge(coolingtowerblowdown,servicewaterdischarge,chemicalwastetreatment,andtreatedliquidradwasteeffluent)andthesanitarysystemeffluent.Theseeffluentsaresubjecttoappropriatetreatmentasnecessarytocomplywithfederaleffluentlimitationsandstatewaterqualitystandards(Section5.5).Therearenoeffluentsorwastesthatwillaffectgroundwaterquality.TransmissionCorridorandOffsiteAreasTherearenoeffluentspotentiallyaffectingsurfaceorgroundwaterqualityassociatedwiththeoperationofthetransmissionline.5.10.4SurfaceWaterImpactsSiteandVicinitUnit2operationisexpectedtohavelittleimpactonLakeOntario,theonlysurfacewaterbodyaffected.Consumptivewateruseoftheplantissmall(Sections3.3.1and5.2).Inaddition,theshorelinerevetment-ditchsystemdoesnotaffectcurrentpatternsinthelake.ThesitedrainagepathhasbeenimprovedbythepresenceofUnit2anddoesnotalteranypermanentwaterbodies'hecoolingtowerreducestheamountofwaterutilized;consequently,operationoftheintakesystemdoesnotsignificantlyalternaturalvelocitypatternsinthea'rea(Section5.3.1).Asaresultofcoolingtoweroperation,reducedheatisdissipatedinLakeOntario.Thedischargediffusersystem,whileaddingsmallamountsofheattothelake,isdesignedandoperatedtominimizebottomscouringandtorapidlymixtheheatedeffluentwithambientlakewater(Section5.3.2.1).Intheworstcase,surfacewater-temperaturesareincreasedbylessthan1.7C(3F)andcomplywithNewYorkStatethermalcriteria.TransmissionCorridorandOffsiteAreasUnit2operationwillhaveminimalimpactonsurfacewaterbodies(streamsandwetlands)crossedbythetransmissioncorridorbecauseoftheproposedmitigativemeasures(Section5.6.2).5.10-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5.10.5GroundwaterImpactsAsdiscussedinSections5.2.1.1and5.2.2.1,Unit2operationhasnoimpactongroundwateroutsidethevicinityoftheplant.5.10.6TerrestrialEcosystemImpactsSiteandVicinitThepotentialforadverseimpactonplantsoranimalsinthevicinityofthe'ite-duetoUnit2operationisextremelylow(Section5'.3.2).TransmissionCorridorandOffsiteAreasMinimalimpactisexpected'uetotheoperationandmaintenanceofthetransmissionline.Successionaldevelopmentwithinthecorridorswillbeheldintheoldfieldstage,creatingagreatervegetativediversityandimprovedwildlifehabitat(Section5.6.1).Theright-of-way(ROW)managementplanisdesignedtoprotectecologicallysensitiveareasinthetransmissioncorridor.5.10.7AquaticEcosystemImpactsSiteandVicinitTheintakeanddischargesystemsofUnit2aredesignedandoperatedtominimizeimpactonaquaticorganisms.Thesmallvolumeofwaterutilized,thelowintakevelocities,andthepresenceofafishprotectionandremovalsystemresultinminimalpotentialimpacttoLakeOntarioaquaticpopulations(Section5.3.1.2).Similarly,thediffuserdischargesystemwithitslow-volume,high-velocityplumewillminimizethermalimpactsonthebiotaofLakeOntario(Section5.3.2.2).Benthichabitatsmaybesubjectedtosomeminorscouringnearthediffuser,andplanktonicorganismsmaybrieflybesubjectedtothermalstressduringplumeentrainment.However,noobservableimpactsareanticipated.Duetohighdischargevelocities,fishwillnotbeabletomaintainpositioninareasoftheplumewherepotentiallyharmfultemperaturesoccur.Further,fishwillnotbesubjecttocoldshock,asdiscussedinSection5.3.2.2.TransmissionCorridorandOffsiteAreasSection5.6.2discussestheimpactoftransmissionlinemaintenanceandoperationonaquaticlife.Thepotential5.10-3 NineMile.PointUnit2ER-OLSforimpactissmallsincefewaquatichabitatsarecrossedbythecorridor.Thetransmissionlinemaintenanceprogram,whichlimitsaccesstoexistingroadsandstreamcrossings,andprovidesvegetativebufferareasaroundthe,streamsandwetlands,protectsthesehabitats.5.10.8SocioeconomicImpactsSiteandVicinitTheadverselanduseimpactsassociatedwithUnit2operationareminimalandarerelatedtothevisualimpactofthecoolingtowerundercertainmeteorologicalconditions(Section5.1.1).Similarly,adversesocioeconomicimpactsareinsignificantbecausethesmalloperatingstaffisdispersedoverarelativelylargegeographicarea(Section5.8).Nomitigativeactionsarenecessary.tocontrolsocioeconomicimpacts.TransmissionCorridorandOffsiteAreasBecauseofthelocationofthetransmissionlinewithinanexistingROWandtheagriculturalusesoftheROW,therewillbenosocioeconomicimpacts(Sections5.1and5.8).5.10.9OtherSite-SpecificImpactsTherearenootherknownimpactsofoperationontheenvironmentinthevicinityofUnit2.5.10-4 APPENDIX5ADOSECALCULATIONMODELSANDASSUMPTIONS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX5ADOSECALCULATIONMODELSANDASSUMPTIONSTABLEOFCONTENTSSectionSA.15A.1.15A.1.2SA.1.2.15A.1.2.25A.1.2.35A.2SA.2.1SA.2.1.15A.2.1.25A.2.1.35A.2.1.45A.2.1.55A.2.25A~2.2.15A.2.2.1.15A.2.2.1.2SA.2.2.1.3SA.2.2.2SA.2.2.2.15A.2.2.2.2SA.2.2.2.3TitleDOSETOBIOTAOTHERTHANMANInternalDosestoAquaticOrganismsExternalDosestoAquaticOrganismsDosesFromShorelineDepositsDoseFromSwimmingandWaterSurfaceExposureDoseFromImmersioninGaseousEffluentsDOSETOHUMANSDosesFromLiquidPathwaysPotableWaterAquaticFoodsDosesFromShorelineDepositsDosesFromFoodsGrownonLandWithContaminatedWaterDosesFromSwimmingandBoating.DosesFromAirPathwaysGammaandBetaDosesFromNobleGasesDischargedtotheAtmosphereAnnualGammaandBetaAirDosesFromNobleGasReleasesAnnualTotal-BodyDoseFromNobleGasReleasesAnnualSkinDoseFromNobleGasReleasesDosesFromRadioiodinesandOtherRadionuclides(NotIncludingNobleGases)ReleasedtotheAtmosphereAnnualOrganDoseFromExternalIrradiationFromRadionuclidesDepositedOntotheGroundSurfaceAnnualOrganDoseFromInhalationofRadionuclidesinAirAnnualOrganDoseFromIngestionofAtmosphericallyReleasedRadionuclidesinFoodPa<ac5A-15A-15A-4SA-45A-55A-6SA-65A-65A-65A-75A-85A-95A-95A-105A-10SA-105A-10SA-115A-125A-12SA-125A-13 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSectionSA.3SA.4TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)TitleGENERALEXPRESSIONFORPOPULATIONDOSESREFERENCESPacae5A-14SA-15SA-ii NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX5ALISTOFTABLESTableNumber5A-15A-25A-3TitleASSUMPTIONSUSEDINESTIMATINGDOSESTOAQUATICANDTERRESTRIALBIOTADILUTIONFACTORS,POPULATIONSERVED,ANDTRAVELTIMESFROMTHESITEPARAMETERSANDASSUMPTIONSUSEDINEQUATIONSFORESTIMATINGDOSESTOHUMANS5A-iii

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX5ADOSECALCULATIONMODELSANDASSUMPTIONSCalculationofdoseratestobiotaotherthanmanwasper-formedbymeansofthecomputerprogramsARRRGandCRITER,developedatthePacificNorthwestLaboratoryofBattelleMemorialInstituteundercontracttotheAtomicEnergyCommission(AEC),.currentlytheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC).ThecalculationofthedoseratetodeerandtheresultantdosetothemaximumindividualfromtheconsumptionoftheseanimalswasperformedusingtheStoneEcWebsterEngineeringCorporation(SWEC)computercodeBAMBIE,whichemploysthemethodologyofCRITER,andRegulatoryGuide1.109,Revisionl.Exceptwherenoted,thecal-culationofdosestomanwasperformedusing.themethodologydescribedinRegulatoryGuidel.109,Revision1.Bioac-cumulationfactorsusedinARRRGandCRITERhavebeenup-datedtocorrespondtothelatestpublishedvaluesinRegulatoryGuide1.109,Revision0(plants)andRegulatoryGuide1.109,Revision1(allothers).AsummaryofthedosemodelsandalistofassumptionsusedforthesitearecontainedinthisAppendixandinTablesSA-1through5A-3.5A.1DOSETOBIOTAOTHERTHANMAN5A.1.1InternalDosestoAquaticOrganismsAquaticorganismswereconsideredtoreceiveaninternaldoseratefromuptakeandconcentrationofradiochemicalsinthewaterandfromexposurethroughthefoodchain.DoseratestoprimaryorganismswerecalculateddirectlyfromradioisotopicconcentrationsindischargewaterandfromequilibriumbioaccumulationfactorslistedinTable5.4-3.Thedoseratethroughthefoodchainwasestimatedforsecondaryorganismssuchasmuskratsandraccoonsfeedingonprimaryorganismswhoseradionuclidecontentwasestimatedinthefirstcalculation.Thedoseratestobiota,otherthanmanareexpressedinunitsofmradratherthanmRem,sincemRemistheunitusedspecificallytoexpresstheeffectofradiationonhumantissue.Therefore,whendoseconversionfactorsforman(expressedinmRem/yr)areusedtoderivedoseratestobiotaotherthanman,itisassumedthatmRem/yrequalsmrad/yrforbiota.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISEquationsusedbytheprogramCRITERforthesecalculationsareasfollows:(DR)i=AEb.Where:(5A-1)(DR)i=Doserateforradionuclidei(mrad/yr)E=Effectiveabsorbedenergy(MeV/disintegrationinorganofinterest)b=Specificbodyburdenofnuclidei(pCi/kg)A=ConversionfactorpCi-yr-MeVand:bi=CiwBi.Where:C=Concentrationofnuclideiinwater(pCi/l)B.=,Equilibriumbioaccumulationfactorfornuclidei(pCi/kgperpCi/l)TheconcentrationinwaterC.iscalculatedfrom:1wCi~=1,119~iiexP(-1.t)Q.R.MF(SA-2)Where:Q=Releaserateofnuclidei(Ci/yr)R.=Reconcentrationfactortoestimaterecyclingof1effluent(dimensionless)=Mixingratioatpointofexposure(l/dilutionfactor)F=Flowrateoftheliquideffluents(cfs)=Radiologicaldecayconstantofnuclidei(hr~)lSA-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OEStp=Transittimefornuclidestoreachpointofexposure(hr)1,119=ConstanttoconvertCi/yrpercfstopCi/1Thetotal-bodydoseratetosecondaryorganismswascal-culatedas':Where:\DR'.=0.365biP.ii(5A-3)DR'=Total-bodydoseratetosecondaryorganismsduetonuclidei(mrad/yr)0.365=kg-day/g-yrbi=Specificbodyburdenofnuclidei(pCi/kg)P'Consumptionrateofprimaryorganismsbythesecondaryorganisms(g/day)and:0'70,000~mane(man)m'i(man)ei(man)leiTotal-bodydoseconversionfactorformanforradionuclidei(mRem)(pci)jEffectiveabsorbedenergyformanforradio-nuclidei(meV/disintegration)Effectiveabsorbedenergyforsecondaryor-ganismforradionuclidei(meV/disintegration)m'0,000Massofsecondaryorganisms(grams)Total-bodymassofadult(grams)SA-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTheactualequationusedbyCRITERwasoftheform:MP'R'2.86x10Fm'iRiB.e'ii=1Where:exp(-A.t)('D./e.](man)(5A-4)DR'Total-bodydoseratetosecondaryorganisms(mrad/yr)~n=136,numberofradionuclides2.86xl0~=(0.365)(1,119)(70,000)Allothertermsareaspreviouslydefined.5A.1.2ExternalDosestoAquaticOrganisms5A.1.2.1DosesFromShorelineDepositsThedosesfromshorelinedepositswerecalculatedusingthefollowingequation:UNWf(DR)I=111,900~~QQ.R.T.Fi=1exp(-X.t)(l-exp(-X.t)Dx)(SA-5)Where:(DR)'Total-bodydosetoorganismsfromshorelinedeposits(mrad/yr)Up=Durationofexposuretoexternalradiationsources(hr/yr)

NineMilePointUnit2ER-0?SWf=Shoxewidthfactor=0.3(lakeshoreline)Ti=Radiologicalhalf-lifeofradionuclidei(days)t=Totaltimethesedimentisexposedtothecontaminatedwater,normallytakentobetheoperatinglifetimeofthefacility(hr)Dipz=Doseconversionfactorforradionuclidesdepositedinlakesediments(mrad/hrperpCi/m~)111,900=Factortoconvert(Ci/yr)/(cfs)topCi/landtoaccountfortheproportionalityconstantusedinthesedimentradioactivitymodelAll.othertermsareaspreviouslydefined.5A.1.2.2DoseFromSwimmingandWaterSurfaceExposureThedosesfromswimmingandwatersurfaceexposurewerecal-culatedusingthefollowingequation:UM(DR)=lill9~VQ.R.D.pr'Kgii.iprexp(-x.t)(5A-6)Where:(DR)=Total-bodydoseratetoprimary'ndsecondaryorganisms(mrad/yr)K=Hemisphericalcorrectionconstant,1fortotalwaterimmersion,and2forwatersurfaceactivitiesAllothertermsareaspreviouslydefined.5A-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5A.1.2.3DoseFromImmersioninGaseousEffluentsThesedoseswerecalculatedinthesamemannerasdosestohumans,withappropriatechangesinusefactorsaspresentedinTable5A-1.5A.2DOSETOHUMANSDoseratestohumanswerecalculatedusingtheequationsrecommendedinRegulatoryGuide1.109,Revision1.5A.2.1DosesFromLiquidPathwaysThegeneralizedequationforcalculatingradiationdosestohumansvialiquidpathwaysis:Raipj=(Cip)(Uap)(Daipj)Where:(5A-7)RaipjAnnualdosetoorganj,ofanindividualofagegroupa,fromnuclidei,viapathwayp(mRem/yr)CipConcentrationofnuc1idei,inthemediaofpathwayp(pCi/1,pCi/kg,orpCi/m~)UapExposuretimeorintakerate(usage)associatedwithpathwayp,foragegroupa(hr/yr,l/yr,orkg/yr,asappropriate)aipj=Dosefactor,specifictoagegroupa,radio-nuclidei,pathwayp,andorganj(mRem/pCiingestedormRem/hrperpCi/m~fromexposuretodepositedactivityinsedimentorontheground)5A.2.1.1PotableWaterThedosesfromingestionofpotablewaterwerecalculatedusingthefollowingequation:MUR.=>,100~~~Q.D..exp(-Xg)apj=F.iaipjip,(5A-8)5A-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSWhere:Rapj=Totalannualdosetoorganj,ofindividualsofagegroupa,fromallnuclidesi,inpathwayp(mRem/yr)Mp=Mixingratio(reciprocalofthedilutionfactor)atthepointofexposure,orthepointofwith-drawlofdrinkingwater,orpointofharvestofaquaticfood(dimensionless)F=Flowrateoftheliquideffluent(cfs)Qi=Releaserateofnuclidei(Ci/yr)=Radioactivedecayconstantofnuclidei(hr~)tp=Averagetransittimerequiredfornuclidestoreachpointofexposure.Forinternaldose,t>isthetotaltimeelapsedbetweenreleaseoftlutenuclidesandingestionoffoodorwater(hr)1,100=FactortoconvertCi/yrpercfstopCi/1Allothertermsareaspreviouslydefined.SA.2.1.2AquaticFoodsThedosesfromingestionofaquaticfoodwerecalculatedusingthefollowingequation:UMR.=1,100~~LQ.B.D..exp(-A.tapj'.iipaipjiip~Where:(SA-9)R=Totalannualdosetoorganj,ofindividualsof-apjagegroupa,fromallnuclidesi,inpathwayp(mRem/yr)BipEqui1ibriumbioaccumu1ationfactorfornuc1ideiinpathwayp,expressedastheratioofthecon-centrationinbiota(pCi/kg)totheradionuclideconcentrationinwater(pCi/1),(1/kg)SA-7

'NineMilePointUnit2ER-07SMp=Mixingofratio(reciprocalofthedilutionfactor)atthepointofexposure(orthepointofwithdrawalofdrinkingwater,orpointofharvestofaquaticfood),(dimensionless)F=Flowrateoftheliquideffluent(cfs)Qi=Releaserateofnuclidei(Ci/yr)=Radioactivedecayconstantofnuclidei(hr')3.tp=Averagetransittimerequiredfornuclidestoreachthepointofexposure.Forinternaldose,tpisthe,totaltimeelapsedbetweenreleaseofthenuclidesandingestionoffoodorwater(hr)1,100=FactortoconvertfromCi/yrpercfstopCi/lAllothertermsareaspreviouslydefined.5A.2.1.3DosesFromShorelineDepositsThedosesfromshorelinerecreationwerecalculatedusingthefollowingequation:UMWR.=110,000~+Q.T.0apj'.iiaipj3.exp-X.t1-exp-A.tb(5A-10)Where:RapjTotalannualdosetoorganj,ofindividualsofagegroupa,fromallnuclidesi,inpath-wayp(mRem/yr)Shorelinewidthfactorthatdescribesthegeometryoftheexposure(dimensionless)0.3(lakeshoreline)tbRadiologicalhalf-lifeofnuclidei(days)Periodoftimeforwhichsedimentorsoilisexposedtothecontaminatedwater(hr)110,000FactortoconvertCi/yrpercfstopCi/landtoaccountfortheproportionalityconstantused.inthesedimentradioactivitymodel5A-8 NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSAllothertermsareaspreviouslydefined.5A.2.1.4DosesFromFoodsGrownonLandWithContaminatedWaterThedosestothemaximumindividualfromconsumptionofvegetablesgrowninagardenirrigatedwithreceivingwaterwerecalculatedusingthefollowingequation:veganimalR~=U(5A-11)Where:RapjTotalannualdosetoorganj,ofindividualsofagegroupa,fromallnuclidesi,inpathwayp(mRem/yr)Civ=Concentrationofradionuclideiintheedibleportionofcropspeciesv(pCi/kg)CiA=Concentrationofradionuclideiintheanimalproduct,eithermeatormilk(pCi/kgorpCi/1)Allothertermsareaspreviouslydefined.5A.2.1.5DosesFromSwimmingandBoatingThedosefromswimmingandboatingwascalculatedusingthemethodologydescribedinWASH1258<~'.Theequationforcalculationofexternaldosetoskinandtotalbodyfromswimming(waterimmersion)orboating(watersurface)is:UMR.='1,100~~Q.D,.exp(-),.tapj'K~iijyipgiWhere:(5A-12)Kp=Geometrycorrectionfactorequalto1forswim-mingand2forboating,dimensionless(nocreditistakenfortheshieldingprovidedbytheboat)Dij=Doseconversionfactorforradionuclideiandorganjinwaterexposure(mRem/hrperpCi/l)'5A-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAllothertermsareaspreviouslydefined.5A.2.2DosesFromAir.Pathways5A.2.2.15A.2'.1.1GammaandBetaDosesFromNobleGasesDischargedtotheAtmosphereAnnualGammaand-BetaAirDosesFromNobleGasReleasesTheannualgammaandbetaairdosesfromnoblegasreleaseswerecalculatedusingthefollowingequations:DY(r,6)orD(r,6)3.17xl0"Q.(X/Q](r,6)(DFYorDF~~iJ(5A-13)Where:DY(r,9),DI(r,6)=Annualgammaandbetaairdosesatdistancerinthesector,atangle6fromthedischargepoint(mrad/yr)Q=Releaserateoftheradionuclidei-(Ci/yr)[X/Q](r,6)=Annualaveragegaseousdispersionfactorat,distancerinsector6(sec/m~)DF,DF=GammaandbetaairdosefactorsforY8auniformsemi-infinitecloudofradionuclidei,(mrad-m/pCi-'yr)3.17xlO~=NumberofpCi/Cidividedbythenumberofsec/yrSA.2.2.1.2AnnualTotal-BodyDoseFromNobleGasReleasesTheannualtotal-bodydosesfromnoblegasreleaseswerecalculatedusing'thefollowingequation:D(r,6)=SFX~(r,6)DFB.(5A-14)SA-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSWhere:D(r,6)=Annualtotal-bodydoseduetoimmersioninasemi-infinitecloudatdistancerinsector6(mRem/yr)SF=Attentionfactorthataccountsfo'rdosere-ductionduetoshieldingprovidedbyresiden-tialstructures(dimensionless)X(r,9)=Annualaverageground-levelconcentrationofradionculideiatdistancerinsector6(pCi/m~)DFBi=Total-bodydosefactorforasemi-infinitecloudoftheradionuclideiwhichincludestheattenuationof5g/cm~oftissue(mRem-m/pCi-yr)5A.2.2.1.3AnnualSkinDoseFromNobleGasReleasesTheannualskindosesfromnoblegasreleaseswerecal-culatedusingthefollowingequation:DS(r,9)=1.11SFXi(r,6)DF.+Xi(r,9)DFS.(5A-15)Where:D(r,6)=Annualskindoseduetoimmersioninasemi-infinitecloudatdistancerinsector9(mRem/yr)DFS=Betaskindosefactorforasemi-infinitecloudofradionuclidei,whichincludestheattenuationbytheouter"dead"layeroftheskin(mRem-m/pCi-yr)1.11=Averageratiooftissuetoairenergyabsorp-tioncoefficientsAllothertermsareaspreviouslydefined.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS5A.2.2'DosesFromRadioiodinesandOtherRadionuclides(NotIncludingNobleGases)ReleasedtotheAtmosphere5A.2'.2.1AnnualOrganDoseFromExternalIrradiationFromRadionuclidesDepositedOntothe.GroundSurfaceTheannualorgandosefromexternalirradiationfromradionuclidesdepositedontothegroundsurfacewascal-culatedusingthefollowingequation:D.(r,8)=8,760SFC.(r,0)DFG..Where:(5A-16)D.(r,0)=Annualdosetotheorganjatlocation(r,0),(mRem/yr)SF=Shieldingfactorthataccountsforthedosereductionduetoshieldingprovidedbyresidentialstructuresduringoccupancy(dimensionless)C.(r,6)=Groundplaneconcentrationofradionuclideiatdistancerinsector0(pCi/m)DFGi=Openfieldgroundplanedoseconversionfactorfororganjfromradionuclidei(mRem-m~/pCi-hr)8,760=Numberofhoursinayear5A.2.2.2.2AnnualOrganDoseFromInhalationofRadionuclidesinAirTheannualorgandosefrominhalationofradionuclidesinairwascalculatedusingthefollowingequation:D.(r0)=RX~(r0)DFA..Aja'.iiijaWhere:(5A-17)D.(r,0)=Annualdosetoorganj,ofanindividualinagegroupa,atlocation(r,0),duetoinhalation(mRem/yr)5A-12 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSR=Annualairintake-forindividualsinagegroupa(m/yr)Xi(r,6)=Annualaverageconcentrationofradio-nuclidei,inairatlocation(r,6)(pCi/m~)DFAija-=Inhalationdosefactorforradionuclidei,organj,andagegroupa(mRem/pCi)SA.2.2.2.3AnnualOrganDoseFromIngestionofAtmospher-icallyReleasedRadionuclidesinFoodTheannualorgandosefromingestion-ofatmosphericallyreleasedradionuclidesinfoodwascalculatedusingthefol-lowingequation:D(r0)=DFIi.UfCi(r,0)Where:+UC.(r,0)3.+UC.(r6)+UflC.(r,6)LLa1i(SA-18)C.(r,6),C.(r,6)C.(r,6),C.(r,6)Concentrationsofradionuclideiinproduce(nonleafyvegetables,fruits,andgrains),milk,leafyvegetables,andmeat,respectively,atlocation(r,6),(pCi/kgorpCi/1)D.(r,6)jaAnnualdosetotheorganjofanindividualinagegroupafromin-gestionofproduce,milk,leafyvege-tables,andmeatatlocation(r,6),(mRem/yr)DFIIngestiondosefactorforradio-nuclidei,organj,andagegroupa(mRem/pCi)SA-13 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSf',fl=RespectivefractionsoftheingestionratesofproduceandleafyvegetablesthatareproducedinthegardenofinterestU,U,U,U=Annualintake(usage)ofproduce,vmFLamilk,meat,andleafyvegetables,respecttivelyforindividualsinagegroupa(kg/yror1/yr)5A.3GENERALEXPRESSIONFORPOPULATIONDOSESThegeneralexpressionforcalculatingtheannualpopulation.-integrateddoseis:D.=0.001FdDdafdap3jaadaWhere:(5A-19)D.=Annualpopulation-integrateddosetoorganj(totalbodyorthyroid),(man-Remsorthyroidman-Rems)Pd=PopulationassociatedwithsubregiondDjda=Annualpopulation-integrateddosetoorganj(totalbodyorthyroid)ofanaverageindividualofagegroupainsubregiond(mRem/yr)fd=Fractionofthepopulationinsubregiondthatdaisinagegroupa0.001.=ConversionfactorfrommRemtoRemEquation5A-19.usedinconjunctionwiththeprecedingequationsandaverageadultusagefactorswasusedtocal-culatethepopulationdoses.Forfurtherrefinementsontheprecedingequationusedtocalculatethedosestoman,refertoRegulatoryGuide1.109,Revisionl.SA-14 NineMilePointtJnit2ER-OISSA.4REFERENCES1.Soldat,S.K.;Robinson,N.M.;andBaker,D.A.ModelsandComputerCodesforEvaluatingEnvironmentalRadiationDoses.BattellePacificNorthwestLaboratories,BNWI-1754,Richland,WA,February1974.2.NuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC).10CFR50,AppendixI,Annex:ConcludingStatementofPositionoftheRegulatoryStaff(Docket-RM-50-2),GuidesonDesignObjectivesforLight-Water-CooledNuclearPowerReactors,1973.SA-15

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5A-1ASSUMPTIONSUSEDINESTIMATINGDOSESTOAQUATICANDTERRESTRIALBIOTAPrimaOranismsValuesAssinedSecondaOranismsParameterFishCrustaceansMollusksAla~eMuskratHeronDuckRaccoonDeerR(recirculationfactor)F(flowrate,cfs)1668166816681668166.8M(mixingratio)<<>W(shorewidthfactor)K(waterimmersion)(watersurface)017017030.30.30.3017017017Effectiveradius(cm)Mmass(kg)11546141230115Pfoodconsumption(gpd)aquaticplantsfishinvertehrate100600100200Uusage(hr/yr)shorelinewaterimmersionwatersurfaceholduPtime(hr)2,9222,9222e9224r3832~9224,3832,191Residencetime(month)Additionaldeerparametersc>>X/Q(sec/m~)ReleasePoint1A<>>ReleasePoint1B<~~ReleasePoint2<>>D/Q(1/m~)ReleasePoint1A<>>ReleasePoint1B<~~ReleasePoint2<>>Cropingestion(kg/d)121of21212121212886-094.64-081.60-07140-0931-09351-0910

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABTE5A-1(Cont)Parameterualue~sAssinedPrimaOranismss~ecandarcr~anismsFishCrustaceansMollusksAlae~MuskratHeronDuckRaccoonDeerVegetationyield(kg/sqm)Vegetationexposureperiod(hr)Holduptime-cropexposuretoingestionbydeerEffectivesoilsurfacedensity(kg/sqm)Builduptimeonsoil,tb(hr)Cropretentionfactorparticu-lates/iodineAbsolutehumidity(g/cum)FractionofyeardeerconsumescropC-14fractionalequilibriumratio:continuousreleaseintermittentrelease076,574.5002401.75+050.2partic-ulates;1.0iodine103075100073NOTE:886-09=886x10-+<<>Edgeofmixingxoneandnearestshoreline<<~1,603m(5,259ft)east<>>Unit2stack(continuous)<~~Unit2stack(intermittent)<5)Radwaste/reactorbuildingvent(continuous)2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5A-2DILUTIONFACTORS'OPULATIONSERVED'NDTRAVELTIMESPROMTHESITEPublicWaterSstems<<)OntarioWaterDistrictWilliamsonWaterDistrictWolcottVillageCityofOswegoMetropolitanWaterBoardOnondagaCounty<>>SacketsHarborVillageChaumontVillageSodusVillageSodusPointCapeVincentVillageR.J.SweezyTownshipofErnestownKingstonWaterIntakePlant,KingstonOntarioPicktonPublicUtilityKingstonTownshipSandhurstWaterWorksApproximateDistancePromSitetoPointofIntakemi46WSW41WSW25WS'W11WSW8WSW32NNE38NNE36WSW33WSW41N49N48NNW47N48NW48NNWDilutionFactor871826647471464487531773743550606606582606582606PopulationServed~eagle/ll:~5,0004,7002,50032,000120i0001,2005504i5001i80075017089277,000F00022,000200TransitTimetoIntake~hrL225200122391561861761612002442442442441of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLESA-2(Cont)IncrementalRegions<>>km0to1010to2020to3030to4040to5050to6060to7070to80ApproximateDistanceFromSitetoPointofAnalysiskm152535556575DilutionFactor738307348404457504548589~Boatin15+041.5+0415+041.5+041.5+0415+0415+041.5+04RecreationShoreline3.1+054.7+056.9+041.9+051.8~041.2+0414+05PopulationUsage~ecole~/~rTransitTimetoPointofAnalysis~h~r1576107137168199229OtherLocations<<~Edgeofinitialmixingzone<~>ApproximateDistanceFromSitetoPointofIntakekmDilutionFactor5.9TransitTimetoIntake~~we0.0(assumed)Closestaccessibleshoreline<<>15307NOTE:15+04=1Sx10i<<~Publicwatersupplysystemsusedtocalculate80-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationdosesfromingestionofpotablewater.<<ipublicwatersupplysystemusedtocalculatethedosetothemaximumoffsiteindividualsfromtheingestionofpotablewaterandirrigatedfoods.<>>Regionsusedtocalculate80-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationdosesfromingestionoffish,boating,shorelinerecreation(assumedone-eighthoffishcaughtineachregion),andswimming.<+~Locationsusedtocalculatedosestomaximumoffsiteindividualsfromingestionofaquaticfoods,andfromswimmingandboating.<>>Locationusedtocalculatedosestomaximumoffsiteindividualsfromshorelinerecreation.Closestaccessibleshoreline-closestoccupiedbeach.2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5A-3PARAMETERSANDASSUMPTIONSUSEDINEQUATIONSFORESTIMATINGDOSESTOHUMANS'~'arameter'aluesEffluentflowrate,F(cfs)Transittime,TpAverageirrigationrate,I(1/m~/hr)Fractionofyearthat,cropsareirrigated,fiFractionalequilibriumratioofC-14,pContinuousreleasesIntermittentreleaseFractionofyearthatanimalsgrazeonpasture,fpFractionofdailyfeedwhichispasturegrasswhenanimalisgrazing,fsAbsolutehumidityofatmosphereatlocationofanalysis,H(g/m~)Usagefactor,Uap(hr/yrofexposure)SwimmingMaximumindividualadultMaximumindividualteenMaximumindividualchild66.80.050.5(6months)10.0730.5(6months)1(100%)10.31001005680-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationadult3.480-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationteen.1980-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationchild12,BoatingMaximumindividualadultMaximumindividualteenMaximumindividualchild2002001141of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE5A-3(Cont)Parameter'aluesBoating(Cont)80-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationadult80-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationteen80-km(50-mi)radiuspopulationchildTotalcommercialU.S.'ishharvest,V(kg/yr)85-km(50-mi)commercialfishharvest,Vd(kg/yr)80-km(50-mi)sportsfishharvest,Vdp'kg/yr)80-km(50-mi)milkproduction,Vd(1/yr)80-km(50-mi)meatproduction,Vdp'kg/yr)80-km(50-mi)vegetationproduction,Vd'(kg/yr)707040l.1x10~2.7x10~2.8x10~63xlOe6.6x10~3.2xlOsAllparametersandassumptionsusedarerecommendedvaluesfromRegulatoryGuide1.109,Revision1,inlieuofsite-specificdata.'~'Site-specificparametersorparametersforwhichtherearenorecommendedvague.'Tusedincalculationswasincreased,whereappropriate,bythedistributionorholduptimerecommendedbyRegula-toryGuide1.109,Revision1.'"'RefertoTableSA-2forcalculatedvalues.2of2

.NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER6ENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSANDMONITORINGPROGRAMSTABLEOFCONTENTSSection6'.16.1.16.1.1.16..1.1.2'6.1.1.3.6.1.26.1'.3~TitleTHERMALPreoperational/PreapplicationThermalMonitoringMeasuxementsofVerticalTemperatureProfilesUnit1PlumeSurveysJamesA.FitzPatrickPlant.PlumeSurveysOperationalThermalMonitoringReferencesPacae6.1-16.1-16.1-16.1-26.1-36.1-46.1-56..26.2.16'.2'.26.2.26.2.26.2;26.2.36.36:3..16.3.26.3.36.3.46.46.4.16.4.26.4.3.1.2.3RADIOLOGICALPreoperationalMonitoringOperationalMonitoringObjectivesDescriptionsAnalysisProceduresReferencesHYDROLOGICALPreapplicationand/orPreoperationalMonitoringSitePreparationandConstructionMonitoringOperationalMonitoringReferencesMETEOROLOGICALMONITORINGPreoperationalMonitoringProgramOperationalMonitoringProgramReference6.2-16.2-16.2-16~2'-16.2-16.2<<36.2-4.6.3-16.3-16.3-2,6~3-26.3-36.4-16.4-16~4-16.4-36.56.5.16.5.26.5.2.16.5.2.1.16.5.2.1.26.5.2.1.2.1BIOLOGICALTerrestrialEcologyAquaticEcology-MonitoringProgramPreapplicationand/orPreoperationalMonitoringObjectivesDescripti'onsandMethodologiesPhytoplanktonFieldMethods6-i6.5-16'-16.5-26.5-26.5-26.5-36.5-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER6TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6.5.6'.6.5.6.5.2.26.5.36.66.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6.6'.6.6.6.6.6.6.11.11.222.12.1.12.1.22.1.36.6.2.26.6.36.76.7.16.7.1.16.1.26.7.1~36.7.26.7.36.7.42.1.2.22.1.2.32.1.2.42.1.2'2.1.2'2.1.2.72.1.2.82'.2.92.1.2.102.1.2.112.1~2.122.1.2.132.1.2.142.1.3TitlePhytoplanktonLaboratoryMethodsMicrozooplanktonFieldMethodsMicrozooplanktonLaboratoryMethodsMacrozooplanktonFieldMethodsMacrozooplanktonLaboratoryMethodsBenthosFieldMethodsBenthosLaboratoryMethodsPeriphtonFieldMethodsPeriphtonLaboratoryMethodsIchthyoplanktonFieldMethodsIchthyoplanktonLaboratoryMethodsFishFieldMethodsFishLaboratoryMethodsDataAnalysisProceduresandStatisticalMethodsOperationalMonitoringofAquaticEcologyReferencesCHEMICALGroundwaterPreoperationalMonitoringOperationalMonitoringSurfaceWaters(WaterQuality)PreoperationalMonitoringDescriptionofSamplingAnalysisMethodologiesDataAnalysisProceduresandStatisticalMethodsOperationalMonitoringofSurfaceWaterChemistryReferencesOTHERMONITORINGPROGRAMSAmbientNoiseSurveyDescriptionofSiteSelectionDescriptionofNoise-MonitoringEquipmentDataCollectionMethodologySeismicMonitoringAirQualityMonitoringSystemGeotechnicalMonitoringPacae6.5-46.5-56.5-66.5-66.5-76.5-76.5-86.5-86.5-96.5-106'-116.5-116..5-136.5-136.5-156.5-166;6-16'.6-16.6-16.6-16.6-16.6-16.6-16.6-36.6-46.6-46.6-56.7-16.7-16.7-1"6.7-36.7-46.7-66.7-66.7-7 NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSCHAPTER6TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section6.8TitleENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSANDMONITORINGPROGRAMSPacae6.8;,1 NineMile.-PointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER6LIST.OFTA'BLESTableNumber6.2-1TitleIOPERATIONALRADIOLOGICALENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGPROGRAM6.5-16.6-16.6-26.8-16.8-2SUMMARYOFFIELDMATERIALSANDMETHODSFOR,FISHCOLLECTIONS,NINEMIIEPOINTVICINITY-1972>>1981WATERQUALITYPARAMETERSMEASUREDINTHEMONTHLYANDBIMONTHLYSAMPLINGPROGRAMSNINEMILEPOINTVICINITY-1975SAMPLINGLOCATIONSUSEDINTHEMONTHLYANDBIMONTHLYWATERQUALITYPROGRAMSNINEMILEPOINTVICINITY-1973-1980SUMMARYOFPREOPERATIONALMONITORINGSUMMARYOFOPERATIONALMONITORING6-iv NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER6LISTOFFIGURESFigureNumber6.4-16.5-16.5-26.5-36.5-46.6-1TitleLOCATIONOFMETEOROLOGICALTOWERVEGETATIONANDMAMMALSURVEYTRANSECTSPLANKTONSAMPIINGSTATIONS,NINEMILEPOINTVICINITY,1973-1978BENTHOSSAMPLINGSTATIONS,NINEMILEPOINTVICINITY,1973-1978SAMPIINGTRANSIENTSFORFISHCOLLECTIONS,NINEMILEPOINTVICINITY,1972-1981WATERSAMPLINGSTATIONS,NINEMILEPOINTVICINITY6-v 1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER6ENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSANDMONITORINGPROGRAMS6.1THERMAL6.1.1Preoperational/PreapplicationThermalMonitoringTemperaturemeasurementshavebeenconductedattheNineMilePointsitesince1969.TemperatureprofileswerecollectedatthesitebyStone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation(SWEC)in1969and1970.ThesemeasurementswerepartofthedesignstudiesforUnit,2andtheJamesA.Fitzpatrick(JAF)plant.During1970,Dr.J.F.StorrcommencedroutinemonitoringoftheNineMilePointUnit1(Unit1)thermalplume'.During1972,discussionswiththeNRCstaffledtoEnvironmentalTechnicalSpecifications(ETS)(issuedforUnit1)requiringaquaticstudiesandthermalmonitoringforthesite.AsimilarETSispartoftheJAFplantoperatinglicense.TheseETS(andtheirrevisions)arethebasisformostofthethermalandaquaticecologystudiesconductedatthesite.TheyalsoreflectthemonitoringrequirementsresultingfromtheUnit2EnvironmentReport-ConstructionPermitStage(ER-CPS)~From1973through1978,temperaturemeasurementstodeterminethemovementandtimingofnaturallakethermalstratificationweretakenweeklyfromAprilthroughDecember'~'.Thesedata,describingthermalstructureatthesite,fulfilledrequirementsoftheUnit1andJAFplantoperatinglicenseETS.Inthefallof1975,theJAFplantwentintocommercialoperation.AsrequiredbytheETS,triaxialthermalplumeanddyemeasurementsweremadein1976and1977.ThefollowingsectionsprovidefurtherdetailsofthethermalmonitoringofthesitepriortoconstructionofUnit2.TheresultsofthesemeasurementsaresummarizedinSection2.3.1.1.1.6.1.1~1MeasurementsofVerticalTemperatureProfilesEachyearfrom1973through1978weeklysurveyswereconductedfromAprilthroughDecemberatvariouswaterdepthsatthreetransects:directlyoffUnit1(NMPP),eastoftheplant(NMPE),andwest,oftheplant(NMPW),asshownonFigure6.6-1~Theeastorwesttransectsactascontrolsdependingontheambientlakecurrent,whiletheplant6.1-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLStransectisattheUnit1outfall.ThestudyareaincludestheexistingUnit1plumeandtheareapotentiallyaffectedbyUnit2.SomedatawerealsocollectedneartheOswegoSteamStation,llkm(7mi)westofNineMilePoint.Measurementsoftemperatureat1-m(3.3-ft)intervalsweremadetodefinetheseasonalprogressionofthermalstratificationatthe30-m(100-ft)depthcontourin1973through1978,andatthe15-m(50-ft)depthcontourin,1973and1974.MeasurementsweremadewithaMartekMarkIImultiprobeanalyzer,aMontedoroWhitneyModelTF-20thermistor,oraGMModelOC-1/Sbathythermograph.Temperatureswerealsomeasuredwithmostbiologicalcollectionsandwaterqualitysampling;thesedataareconsistentwiththeUnit1andJAFplantplumesurveydatadescribedinSections6.1.1.2and6.1.1.3.Theprofiledatawereevaluatedtoidentifywhenandwherethermalstratificationexistedinthelake.Stratificationisdefinedasaverticaltemperaturegradientinexcessof1C/m(1.8F/3.3ft).6.1.1.2Unit,1PlumeSurveysTheUnit1plumesurveyswereconducted,byDr.J.F.Storr,'.Thearea-surveyedvariedamongdatesinresponsetotheUnit1thermalconfiguration.Thewesternboundarywascommonly1km(0.6mi)westofUnit1,whiletheeasternboundaryofthesurveyedareaoccasionallyextended1km(0.6mi)eastoftheJAFplant.Instrumentationusedinthesurveysconsistedoffourthermistorsspacedtomeasurethetemperatureatdesireddepthsbelowthelakesurface.Thethermistorstringwasattachedtoaweightedlinesuspendedfromthesideoftheboat,withthetopmostdetectorwithintheupper0.3m(1ft)ofwaterastheboatfollowedthetransectcourse.FourRustrakrecorders,Model2133,andfourGultonIndustriesthermistorprobes,5133,wereusedineachsurvey.Incombination,therecordingrangeis0to40C(32Fto104F),theaccuracyis+0.5percentofthescale,andtheresponsetimeis90percentin5sec.ATaylorprecisionthermometer(mercury)withanaccuracyof+0.1C(+0.2F)wasusedtocalibratetherecorderspriortoeachthermalrun.Later,therecorderswererecheckedatambienttemperaturesonthelakeandinthedischargeplume.Periodicchecksofequipmentweremadethroughoutthestudy.Temperatureatthefourdetectordepthswascontinuouslyrecordedbyafour-penstripchartrecorder.Asthe6.1-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSpreselectedtransectwasfollowed,therecorderchartwasmarkedwhenthetraverseintersectedanothertransectassightedagainstashorelinemarker.Temperaturesrecordedatthistimewere,plottedlaterasdepthandisothermalpointsforthatparticulargridlocation.Thecoursealongeachtransectwasmaintainedandtemperaturesrecordeduntilthetemperaturewaswithinabout0.5C(1F)ofambient.Toallowthedeterminationandreproductionofboatlocationinthewater,shorelinemarkers,intheformoftriangulararraysofpoles,wereinstalledtoformabaseforeachlakewardtransect.Thearrayswerespacedatapproximately305-m(1,000-ft)intervalsalongtheentiresiteshoreline.Whileonepairofpoleswasusedtotraverseacoursealonga45-degangletotheshore,apairofpolesateachshorebaseofsuccessivetransectswasusedtomarkboatpositionalongthecourse.Runsweremadeatspeedsgenerallybetween0.3and1.0m/s(1and3fps).Meteorologicaldatawererecordedduringeachsurvey.Acompletesurveywasperformedoneachday.Dailysurveyswereplottedastriaxialisothermcontoursat0.5C(1F)or1.0C(1.8F)intervalsonagridmapofthesurveyarea.Ambienttemperatures,meteorologicalconditions,andplantoperatingparameterswerelistedoneachmap.6.1.1.3JamesA.FitzPatrickPlantPlumeSurveysTheJAFplumesurveys,whichincludeddyeandtemperaturemeasurements,wereconductedbyAquatec,Inc.underthedirectionofSWEC'.ThestudyareaincludedtheJAFplantplume,theUnit1plume,andfarfieldambientmonitoringlocations.Thedataacquisitionsystemusedinthesurveysincludedadataloggerwhichrecordsonmagnetictape.ThissystemwasusedtocollectdataintwosamplingmodesduringtheJAFplanthydrothermalsurveys.Inthefirstmode,horizontalsampling,thetrackingboattraveledalongatransectwhilewaterwaspumpedata'onstant,ratefromselecteddepthsandpassedthroughthefluorometercell(s)whereitsdyecontentwascontinuouslymeasured.Watertemperaturewasmeasuredwithathermistorprobenearthepumpintake.Inthesecondmode,verticalsampling,theboat,remainedstationaryatabuoyandahosewasraisedfromthebottomtothesurfaceataconstantratewhilethesamplewascontinuouslypumpedthroughthesensingunits.Duringthosesurveyswhendyewasused,RhodamineWTdyewasinjectedintotheJAFplantcirculatingwatersystemupstreamofthecentercirculatingwaterpumpinthescreenhouse,usinganFMIpositivedisplacementfluid6.1-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OK,Smeteringpump.Theweightofthedyewasrecordedeachhourasacheckontherateofdyerelease.Circulatingwaterintakeanddischargedyeconcentrationsweremeasuredattheintakeanddischargeshaftsinsidethepumphouse.Measurementsofdyescalereadingsandtemperature,usedfordyecorrection,wererecordedonanalogstripchartrecorders.Backgroundfluorescencewasdeterminedbeforeeachsurvey.Followingthesurvey,thedyeconcentrationswereconvertedtoequivalenttemperaturerises,neglectingatmosphericheatexchangeandplottedasacalculatedthermalplume.Temperaturemeasurementswereconvertedtotemperaturerisebysubtractinganambientsurfacetemperatureforeachsurvey.Theresultingtriaxialplumewasthencomparedwiththecalculatedthermalplumes,basedondyeresults,forsurveysthat.includedthedyereleaseThesedataaresummarizedinSection2.3.1.1.1.6.1.2OperationalThermalMonitoringIntakeanddischargetemperatureswillbemonitoredasrequiredbytheNRCoperatinglicenseandtheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationStatePollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(SPDES)permit.Underaverageoperatingconditions,theUnit2dischargeplumeispredictedtoencompassapproximately210cum(0.17acre-ft).However,thissizewillvarydependinguponunitheatrejection,nearshorelakedynamics,andlocalmeteorology.Sincemaximumsurfacetemperatureriseswillbelessthan1.3C(2.3F)underalloperatingconditions,thedischargewillbeinfullcompliancewithNewYorkStatesurfacetemperaturecriteria(Section5.3.2).OperationalthermalplumemeasurementswillbeconductedasrequiredbytheSPDESpermit.andtheEnvironmentalProtectionPlan.6.1-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.1.3References1~Storr,J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalStudy,NineMilePoint,July22,1970.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,January16,1971.2.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudySummary(1973-1981).PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1982.3.Storr,J.F~Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalStudies,1971.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,February15,1972.4.Storr,J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalSurveys.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,August28,1973.5.Storr,J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalSurveys,NineMilePoint,1973.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,May15,1974.6.Storr,J.F.Mr.R.Clancy.Re:Three-DimensionalThermalSurveys,NineMilePoint,1974.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,May28,1975.7.Storr,J.F.Three-DimensionalThermalSurveys,Nine,MilePoint,1975.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1976.8.Aguatec,Inc.JamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant,SecondOperationalHydrothermalSurvey,August19and20,1976.PowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork.PreparedforStone6WebsterEngineeringCorporation.Aguatec,Inc.,SouthBurlington,VT,1976.6.1-5

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.2RADIOLOGICAL6.2.1PreoperationalMonitoringThepreoperationalradiologicalenvironmentalmonitoringprogramforUnit2wasdescribedinNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation'sEnvironmentalReport,ConstructionPermitStage,NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2'andtheFinalEnvironmentalStatement,RelatedtoConstructionofNineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2'.Theenvironmental'monitoringprogramisexpectedtobemodifiedbytheNRCwiththeissuingoftheRadiologicalEffluentTechnicalSpecifications(RETS)'"'.TheRETSareexpectedtobeissuedin1983.Sincethisreportisinsupportofanoperatinglicense,furtherdiscussionofpreoperationalmonitoringisnotrequired.'I6.2.2OperationalMonitoring6.2.2.1ObjectivesAradiologicalenvironmentalmonitoringprogramwillbeconductedtoevaluate-theeffectsofUnit2operation"ontheenvironsandtoverifytheeffectivenessofthecontrolsonradioactivematerialssources.6.2.2.2DescriptionsTheoperationalradiologicalenvironmentalmonitoringprogramforUnit2willbeperformedjointlywiththeJamesA.FitzPatrick(JAF)andUnit1plants..Theprogramincludesthecollectionandanalysisofsamplesforairparticulates,airradioiodine,directradiation,surfacelakewater,shorelinesediment,milk,fish,andfoodcrops.Inaddition,ayearlymilchanimalcensuswillbeconducted.TherequiredsamplecollectionandanalysisfrequenciesarelistedinTable6.2-1.Airsamplingstationsarelocateddownwindofthesiteatlocationswherethereishighpotentialforthepresenceofradionuclides.Threestationsarelocatedoffsiteinthreedifferent221/2-degsectors(theoffsiteareasaredesignatedassixteen221/2-degsectorsoriginatingfromthecenterofthesite).Inadditiontothesethreedownwindstations,thereisonestationlocatednearacommunityhavingthehighestpotentialforthepresenceofradionuclidesandonestationlocated14.5to32.2km(9to20mi)distantfromthesite.Thedesignatedstationssampleambientairforparticulatesandradioiodine.Airsamplesarecollectedweeklyorasrequiredbyloading.6.2-1 NineMilePointUnit'2ER-OK,SSamplesareanalyzedweeklyforI-131andforgrossbetaaftereachfilterchange.Inaddition,agammaisotopicanalysisforgamma-emittingnuclidesisperformedoncomposites(bylocation)onaquarterlybasis(asaminimum).Thermoluminescentdosimeters(TZDs)areusedtomeasuredirectradiationintheenvironment.TheTEDsarelocatedinland-based221/2-degsectors.TI.Dsareplacedinaninnerringinthegeneralareaofthesiteboundary,inanouterring6'to8.0km(4to5mi)fromthesite,inspecialinterestareas(populationcenters,etc),.and'ncontrollocations.TIDsarechangedandreadouton'aquarterlybasis.SurfacelakewatersamplesaretakenfromtherespectiveintakecanalsoftheJAFandUnit.1plants.Athirdsampleistakenasacontrolstationsampleat.alocationbeyondinfluenceofthesite.AfourthlakesamplewillbecollectedfromtheUnit2inletcanalwhentheunitbecomesoperational.Monthlycompositesamplesareanalyzedforgamma-emittingradionuclides(gammaisotopicanalysis).Quarterlycompositesareanalyzedfortritium.Shorelinesedimentsamplesaretakenfromalocationdownstreamwithexistingorpotentialrecreationalvalue.Sedimentsamplesareanalyzedforgamma-emittingradionuclides(gammaisotopicanalysis)twiceperyear.Milksamplesarecollectedfromthreelocationswithin5.6km(3.5mi)distantofthesite.Intheeventofsampleunavailability,collections.aremadebeyonda5.6-km(3.5-mi)distance.Inaddition,asampleistakenfromacontrollocation14.5to32.1km(9to20mi)distantfromthesite~MilksamplesarecollectedtwicepermonthfromAprilthroughDecember..Samplesareanalyzedforgamma-emittingradionuclides(gammaisotopicanalysis)andI-131.Fishsamplesaretakenfromthevicinityoftheplantdischarges.Twosampleswillbetakenofspeciesthatarecommerciallyorrecreationallyimportant.Inaddition,onesampleistakenfromacontrollocationofatleast8.0km(5mi)distantfromthesite.Fishsamplesarecollectedtwiceperyear.Samplesareanalyzedforgamma-emittingradionuclides(gammaisotopicanalysis)onedibleportions.Foodcropsamplesarecollectedfromsixoffsitelocations.Thesixlocationsarefromareasofhighestcalculatedaveragesitedepositionvalues(D/Q).D/Qvaluesare6.2-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-.OLSconsideredforbothelevated(threelocations)andground-level(threelocations)releases.Inaddition,onesampleiscollectedasacontrolsamplelocated14.5to32.1km(9to20mi)distantfromthesiteinalessprevalentwinddirection.Foodcropsamplesconsideredherearetypicallybroadleafvegetables.Foodcropsamplesarecollectedonceperyearduringtheharvestseason.Samplesareanalyzedforgamma-emittingradionuclides(gammaisotopicanalysis)andI-131.Amilchanimalcensusisconductedtoidentifythelocationofmilchanimalsineachsectorofthe16land-based221/2-degsectorsouttoadistanceof4.8km(3mi).Thecensusisconductedonceperyearusinginformationthatwillprovidethebestresults,suchasdoor-to-doorsurveysandconsultationswithagriculturalauthorities.6.'2.2.3AnalysisProceduresSamplesanalyzedforgamma-emittingradionuclides(gammaisotopicanalysis)arecountedonGe(Li)orNaIsystems.SamplesforI-131analysisareeithercountedontheGe(Li)orNaIsystemsoraradiochemicalextractionisperformedwithcountingonabeta-gatedgammacoincidencesystem.Grossbetasamplesarecountedonhighsensitivity,low'ackgroundbetacounters.Samplesforanalysisareanalyzedeitherbythesite'senvironmentallaboratoryorbyacontractorlaboratory.Samplestakenforqualitycontrolareanalyzedbyalternatefacilities.6.2-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.2.3References1.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2,Applicant'sEnvironmentalReport-ConstructionPermitStage.NRCDocketNo.50-410,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,June1972.2.UnitedStatesAtomicEnergyCommission.FinalEnvironmentalStatementRelatedtoConstructionofNineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2.NRCDocketNo.50-410,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,June1973'.NuclearRegulatoryCommission.DraftRadiologicalEffluentTechnicalSpecificationsforBWR's,NUREG-0473,Revision1,Washington,DC,October1978.r4.NuclearRegulatoryCommission.PreparationofRadio-logicalEffluentTechnicalSpecificationsforNuclearPowerPlants,NUREG-0133,Revision1,Washington,DC,October1978.6.2-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.2-1OPERATIONALRADIOLOGICALENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGPROGRAMExposurePathwayandorSamleAirborneNumberofSamplesandLocaionsSamplingwndCollecionFreuencTypeandFrequencyofAnalsisRadioiodineandparticulatesDirectradiationSamplesfrom5locations:3samplesfromoffsitelocationsindifferentsectorsofthehighestcalculatedsiteaverageD/Q1samplefromthevicinityofacommunityhavingthehighestcaI-culatedsiteaverageD/Q1samplefromacontrollocation14.5-32.14m(9-20mi)distantandinaleastprevalentwinddirection40stationswithtwoormoredosimeters-tobeplaced-asfollows:aninnerring-ofstations1nthegeneralareaofthesiteboundaryandanouterringinthe6.4-to8.0-km(4-to5-mi)rangefromthesitewithastationineachland-basedsectorofeachrIJIg(16sectorsand2rings=32stations).Thebalanceofthestat.ions(8)shouldbeplacedinspecialinterestareas,suchaspopulationcenters,nearby.residences,andschools,andin2or3areastoserveascontrolstations.Continuoussampleroperationwithsamplecollectionweeklyorasrequiredbydustloading,whicheverismorefrequent.QuarterIyRadioiodinecanisters:analyzeweeklyforI>>131Particulatesamplers:Grossbetaradio-activityfollowingfilterchange,composite(bylocation)forgammaisotopicquarterly(asaminimum)Gammadosequarterly1of3

INineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.2-1(Cont)ExposurePathwayandorSamle~etcroemeSurfaceSedimentfromshoreline~lneetonHiIkFishNumberofSamplesandLocaions1sampleupstream1samplefromthesite'smostdownstreamcoolingwaterintake1samplefromadownstreamareawithexistingorpotentialrecreationalvaIueSamplesfrommilkinganimaIsin3locationswithina5.6-km(3.5-mi)distancehavingthehighestcalculatedsiteaverageD/Q.Iftherearenone,then1samplefrommilkinganimaIsineachof3areas5.6-8.0km(3.5-5.0mi)distanthavingthehighestcaIcu-latedsiteaverageD/Q.1sampleofmilkinganimalsatacontrollocation14.5-32e1km(9-20mi)distantandinalessprevalentwinddirection2samplesofcommerciallyorrecreationallyimportantspeciesinthevicinityofasitedischargepoint1sampleeachofthesamespecies(orofaspecieswithsimilarfeedinghabits)fromanareaatleast8.0km(5mi)distantfromthesiteSamplingandCollecionFreuencCompositesampleover1-monthperiodTwiceperyearTwicepermonth,April-December(sampleswillbecollectedinJanuary-HarchifI-131isdetectedinNovemberandDecemberofthepre-cedingyear)Twiceperyear2of3TypeandFrequencyofAnalsisGammaisotopicanalysismonthly;compositefortritiumanalysisquarterlyGammaisotopicanalysisGammaisotopicandI-131analysistwicepermonthwhenanimalsareonpasture(ApriI-December);monthlyatothertimes,ifrequiredGammaisotopicanalysisofedibleportions

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.2-1(Cont)ExposurePathwayandorSamle~Inestion(cont)FoodproductsNumberofSamplesandLocaions3samplesofbroadleafvegetableswillbecollectedfromavailableoffsitelocationsofhighestcalculatedsiteaverageD/Qforelevatedreleasepoints.Inaddition,3sampleswilIbecollectedfromavailableoffsitelocationsofhighestcalculatedsiteaverage0/Qforground-levelreleasepoints.1sampleeachofsimilarbroadleafvegetationgrown14.5-32.1km(9-20mi)distantinalessprevalentwinddirectionSamplingandCollectionFreuencOnceduringharvestseasonOnceduringharvestseasonTypeandFrequencyofAnalsisGammaisotopicanalysisofedibleportions(isotopictoincludeI-131)Gammaisotopicanalysisofedibleportions(isotopictoincludel>>131)3of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6'HYDROLOGICAL6.3.1Preapplicationand/orPreoperationalMonitoringHydrologicmeasurementstodeterminethemagnitudeanddirectionofcurrentsintheNineMilePointvicinityweremadeofftheNineMilePointpromontoryin1969,1970,1976,and1977.The1976and1977studieswereconductedafterbothUnit.1andtheJamesADFitzPatrick(JAF)plantwereoperational.Thescopeofeachstudyissummarizedbelow;resultsareprovidedinSection2.3.1.CurrentsweremeasuredcontinuouslyfromMaythroughOctober1969andfromJulythroughOctober1970attwofixedtowersplacedoffshorefromtheNineMilePoint,site,onein7m(24ft)ofwaterandonein14m,(46ft)ofwater.Hourlycurrentspeedanddirectionwererecordedsimultaneouslyfromthreedepthsateachlocation,utilizingreduced-sizedSavoniusrotormeters.Inaddition,driftingdrogueswerereleasedandtrackedduringthe1969study.ThesestudieshavebeenreportedbyGunwaldsenetal'~'ndthePowerAuthorityoftheStateof-NewYork'~'.During1976and1977,additionalpostoperationalhydrothermalsurveyswereconductedfortheJAFplant'hefocusofthisstudywasonthermalplumemapping.Currentspeedanddirection,laketemperature,andlakelevelwerealsomonitored.DuringthetwoJune1976surveys,thecurrentwasmonitored3m(10ft)belowthewatersurfaceatafixedtowerpositionedapproximately610m(2,000ft)eastandalongthesamedepthcontour(9m[30ft])oftheJAFplantdischarge.DuringthetwoAugust1976andOctober1976surveys,currentsweremonitoredatthe3-,6-,and9-m(10-,20-,and30-ft)depthsatthesamelocation.Thefirst1977surveywasconductedonApril13and14.Threeinsitucurrentmonitoringlocationswereestablished:onewasthesameasthe1976location;thesecondwasapproximately0.8km(0.5mi)directlyoffshoreoftheJAFplant;andthethirdwasmidwaybetweentheJAFplantandUnit1and2sitesatthe9-m(30-ft)depthcontour(Figure6.6-1).Currentsweremonitoredatthe4.5-m(15-ft)depthatallthreelocationsduringthe2-dayAprilstudy.Subsequent.1977surveyswereconductedonJune14withmonitoringatthesamelocationanddepth.ThelastsurveywasconductedonNovember2withcurrentmonitoringata4.5-m(15-ft)depthattheoriginalstationeastofthe6.3-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSJAFplant,andasecondstationlocated0.8km(0.5mi)offshoreoftheJAFplant'heresults'fallcurrentmeasurementprogramsaresummarizedinSection2.3.1.6.3.2SitePreparationandConstructionMonitoringDrainageofthesiteduringconstructionisprovidedby'twoditchesandfivestormwaterlines.Oneofthedrainageditchesislocatedattheeasternedgeofthesiteandtheotheratthewesternedgeofthesite,asshownonFSARFigure2.4-6.Thewesternditchdrainsthemajorityofthesitearea,aswellasconveyingalldischarges"fromthesanitarytreatment:planttothelake.Flowsinthisditcharemeasuredonaweeklybasisbyarectangularweirlocatedatthedischargeoutlet.Suspendedsolids,pH,settleablesolids,andoilandgreasearealsomeasured.MonitoringdataarereportedtotheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationinaccordancewithStatePollutantDischargeEliminationSystemPermitrequirements.Theeasterndrainageditchandthestormwaterlines"handleonlyrunoffand,therefore,arenotrequiredtobemonitored.Asdiscussed'nFSARSection2.5.duringconstructionaremonitoredlocatedatthereactorbuildingelevationdataarecollectedapproximatelyonceeveryweek.piezometerswillcontinueuntilconstruction.4,groundwaterlevelsby'ourpiezometerssite.OnlygroundwaterateachpiezometerMonitoringbythesethecompletionof6.3.3OperationalMonitoringStationoperationwillnotaffectsurfacewaterfloworgroundwater;therefore,nooperationalhydrological-monitoringprogramsareplannedfortheseparameters.SedimenttransportinLakeOntariowillnotbealtered;therefore,sedimenttransportmonitoringisnotrequired.6~3-2 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.3.4References1.Gunwaldsen,R.W.;Brodfeld,B.;andHecker,G.E.CurrentandTemperatureSurveysinLakeOntarioforJamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant.Proc.13thConf.GreatLakesRes.,1970.2.PowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork.EnvironmentalReportforJamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant.PreparedforUnitedStatesAtomicEnergyCommission,1971.3.StoneScWebsterEngineeringCorporation.FinalReport-PostoperationalHydrothermalSurveys,June1976-November1977forJamesA.FitzPatrickNuclearPowerPlant.PreparedforPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1978.6.3-3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.4METEOROLOGICALMONITORINGThefollowingsectionsprovidesummariesofmeteorologicalinformationcompiledinadetailedtechnicalreportpreparedinsupportoftheUnit2ER-OLS'.Whereappropriate,referencestorelatedFSARsectionshavebeenprovided.6.4.1PreoperationalMonitoringProgramThepreoperationalmonitoringprogramisdesignedtoestablishaclimatologicallyrepresentativedatabaseforassessingenvironmentalimpactsresultingfromplantoperation.Theprogramprovidesmeteorologicaldatatobeusedinappropriatemodelstodeveloptransportanddiffusionestimatesusedinassessingroutineandaccidentalreleasesofradioactivematerialtotheatmosphere.Thedataarealsousedforcoolingtowerimpactassessmentsandlocalclimatologicalsummaries.TheNineMilePointmeteorologicalstationislocatedapproximately2.0km(1.2mi)west-southwestofUnit2neartheshoreofLakeOntario,asshownonFigure6.4-1.ThestationhasbeeninroutineoperationsinceJanuary1974.Themeteorologicaltoweris61m(200ft)highandinstrumentedatthreelevels:9m(30ft),30m(100ft),and61m(200ft).Windspeedanddirectionaremeasuredatallthreelevels.Ambientairtemperature,differencetemperatures,andatmosphericmoisturearealsomeasured.Inadditiontothesemeasurements,barometricpressureandprecipitationarerecordedatappropriatelocationsnearthebaseofthetower.Instrumentationfordigitalandanalogrecordingsystemsislocatedinatemperature-controlledinstrumentshelterapproximately23m(75ft)fromthebaseofthetower.Adetaileddescriptionofthepreoperationalmonitoringprogram,includinginstrumentsiting,sensorperformancespecifications,anddataacquisitionandreductionsystems,appearsinFSARSection2.3.3.6.4.2OperationalMonitoringProgramTheoperationalmeteorologicalmonitoringprogramisdesignedtoprovideacompleteclimatologyofthesitearea.TheoperationalmonitoringinstrumentationisinaccordancewithNUREG-0654,andthesystemaccuracymeetstherequirementsofRegulatoryGuide1.23.Themaincomponentsofthesystemareacentralprocessor,meteorologicalsensorsatthreelocations,andequipmentfordisplaying6.4-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OZ,Spertinentparameters.Acompletedescriptionof.thesystemisgiveninFSARSection2.3.3.6.4-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.4.3Reference1.MeteorologicalandRadiologicalTechnicalReportinSupportoftheNineMilePoint-Unit2EnvironmentalReport-OperatingLicenseStage.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationbyMeteorologicalEvaluationServices,Inc.July1982.6.4-3

LAKEONTARIONINEMILEPOINTUNIT1NINEMILEPOINTUNIT2pl>ioo~.3s.sOE~~ypi()r7)FQI0f.g(i)pKilometers1MilesQ<~o'METEOROLOGICALTOWER~',JAMESA.FITZPATRICKNUCLEARPOWER~I~,(,,+PLANTgl~~'I;,'jri'gJ/ir'I)IrC7O.P".s"-~FIGURE6.4-1LOCATIONOFMETEOROLOGICALTOWERNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS l

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.5BIOLOGICAL6.5.1TerrestrialEcologyBaselineterrestrialecologystudiesweredescribedintheUnit2ER-CPS.Asupplementalbaselineecologicalstudywasdesignedtoupdateavailableinformationontheexistingterrestrialecosystem,todocumentconstructionimpacts,andtohelppredictthepotentialeffectsofplantoperation.Thestudyconsistedofaliteraturesurvey,aerialphotographyofthesite,andanonsitefieldstudy.StudyresultsareprovidedinSection2.4.1.Stereoscopicfalse-colorinfraredandtrue-coloraerialphotographsweretakenofthelandareawithina1.6-km(1-mi)radiusofUnit2inAugust1979'hesephotographswereusedtodevelopsitedescriptions,includingapreliminaryvegetative.covertypemap,andtodelineateareasofstress.Thephotographsandthepreliminarycovertypemapwerethenusedtosetupthefieldstudy.Theterrestrialfieldstudywasconductedoveraperiodof7daysinSeptember1979.Vegetationcovertypedesignationsthatwerepreviouslydeterminedfromphotogrammetricanalysiswereverified.Qualitativeandquantitativeinformationwereobtainedforforestedvegetationtypesbysamplingselectedforestcommunities.Alistofcommonlyoccurringunderstoryandground-coverspecieswascompiledforeachsampledforestcommunity.Listsofcommonlyoccurringspeciesforoldfieldshrub,agricultural,orpasturevegetationtypesthatweregreaterthan4.0ha(10acres)werealsocompiled.Forestcommunitiessampledwerethosegreaterthan4.0ha(10acres)insizeandwithdominantspeciesaveraginggreaterthan10cm(4in)diameteratbreastheight(DBH).Thestandardpointquartertechniquewasusedalongtransectsintherepresentativevegetativecommunities(Figure6.5-1).Measurementsweretakenonthenearesttreeineachoffourquadrantsatsamplepointslocated30m(98ft)apartalong.thesetransects.Quantitativeinformationobtainedfromthissamplingeffortincludeddensity,frequency,dominance,relativedensity,relativefrequency,relativedominance,andimportancevaluesforoverstoryspecies.6.5-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSWildlifewasidentifiedduringthevegetationsurveyusingdirectobservationsandenumeration,andbyexaminationoftracks,roadkills,andscat.Smallmammalswerealsoqualitativelysampledusingdoubletransects(Figure6.5-1),totaling24Shermanlivetrapsplacedinfourofthemajorvegetationtypes(earlysecondgrowthforest[T-l],mixedhardwoodforest[T-3],transmissionline[T-4],andopenfield[T-5])..Trapswerebaitedwithpeanut,butterandoatmeal,checkedonceeachdayduringtheearlymorninghours,andmaintainedfor5trapnights.Literaturesourcessurveyedinsupportofthedescriptiveecologysectionincludedscientificjournalarticlesandstandardfieldguidesandreferences.Stateandfederalbiologistsandlocalspecialistswerecontactedtoobtainavailabledata.Duringthefirst,2yrofoperation,aninfraredaerialphotographypr'ogram,similartothesupplementalbaselinestudy,willbeperformedtoassessvegetativestressduetosaltdriftaccumulationordiseasesofunknownorigin.FurtherdetailsofthisoperationalmonitoringprogramwillbeincludedintheEnvironmentalProtectionPlan(EPP).6.5.2AquaticEcology-MonitoringProgram6.5.2.1Preapplicationand/orPreoperationalMonitoringThedatabaseofthepreoperationalmonitoringprogramatUnit2wasdevelopedprincipallyfromstudiesoftheNineMilePointvicinityconductedbyLawler,Matusky,EcSkellyEngineers(LMS)from1972through1977'andbyTexasInstruments,Inc.(TI)during1977through1981.OtherstudiesintheimmediatevicinityofthestudyareahavebeenconductedbytheLakeOntarioEnvironmentalLaboratory(LOTEL)cNaughtandFenlon',McNaughtandBuzzard',andStorr.2.1.1ObjectivesTheobjectiveoftheaquaticecologymonitoringprogramsforUnit2wastodeterminethetaxonomiccompositionofthebiotaandcharacterizethetemporal/spatialabundanceanddistributionofmajorgroupsandselectedspeciesintheNineMilePointvicinityofLakeOntario.Thebioticgroupsstudiedincludedphytoplankton,microzooplankton,macrozooplankton,ichthyoplankton,benthicinvertebrates,periphyton,andnekton(fish).6.5-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSOthervariablesweremonitoredforsomebiotatoobtainadditionalinformationontheecologyofthearea.Forexample,primaryproductivity,chlorophyllaandphaeopigments,andbiovolumeweremeasuredaspartofthephytoplanktonstudy;length-frequencyordevelopmentalstagewasdeterminedforichthyoplankton;anddataonreproduction,age,growth,andfoodhabitswereobtainedforfish.Supportingdata(e.g.,watertemperature,lightintensity,,sedimentcharacteristics)wereobtainedasnecessarytoaidininterpretationofthebiologicaldata.Finally,entrainmentandimpingementstudiesconductedatNineMilePointUnit1(Unit1)andtheJamesADFitzPatrick(JAF)plantprovidedinformationnecessarytoestimateintakeeffectsforUnit2.6.5.2.1.2DescriptionsandMethodologies6.5.2.1.2.1PhytoplanktonFieldMethodsLakeStudiesDetailsofthefieldproceduresusedtocollectphytoplanktonintheNineMilePointvicinityofLakeOntarioin1973through1978areprovidedinLMS1980Asummaryoftheprogramispresentedinthefollowingparagraphs.Phytoplanktonsampleswerecollected,intheNineMilePointvicinityalongfourtransects(NMPE,NMPP,NMPW,andFITZ)approximately4'km(2.5mi)alongthelake'shoreatfourdepthcontours(3,6,12,and18m[10,20,40,and60ft]),asdepictedonFigure6.5-2.Thesesamplinglocations,establishedin1973,wereusedthroughouttheprogramwithoutfurthermodification.Thefrequencyofsamplecollectionvariedfrom2-to4-weekintervals,dependingonyearandseason'~~'.Wholewatersamplescollectedusingplasticwatersamplerswereprocessedinthefieldandreturnedtothelaboratoryforanalysis.'etween1973and1975,inadditiontotheregularlakephytoplanktonprogram,sampleswerecollectedaspartofthewindrowphytoplanktonprogram.Acompletedescriptionofthewindrow'phytoplanktonprogramisfoundintheLMSyearlyreports'.5-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSEntrainmentStudiesAsummaryofthefieldproceduresusedinthephytoplanktonentrainmentprogramsatUnit1andtheJAFplantisprovidedinLMS1980~'.DetailsoftheseprogramsarefoundintheLMS'andTI'yearlyreports.The.phytoplanktonentrainmentprogramsgenerallyconsistedofsamplecollectionsattheintakeanddischargetodeterminecross-planteffectsonstandingstock(asabundanceand/orchlorophylla)andprimaryproductivity.The1976through1979programattheJAFplantincludedstudiesofplumeentrainment,whichinvolvedeithercollectionofsamplesatthe+1.7C(+3F)and+1.1C(+2F)zonesinthelakeorsimulationofplumeentrainmentwheninclementweatherpreventedlakecollections.Simulationsofplumeentrainmentwereachievedbymixingdischargesampleswithfilteredintakewateratratesthatapproximatedtemperaturedecay.tothe+1.7-C(+3F)and+1.1C(+2F)levelsinthelake.6.5.2.1.2.2PhytoplanktonLaboratoryMethodsIdentificationandEnumerationTofacilitateanalysis,thepreservedwholewatersampleswereconcentratedbyallowingthephytoplanktontosettle.Thephytoplanktonpresentintwosubsampleswerethenenumeratedandidentifiedtothelowestpossibletaxonomiclevel.PhytoplanktonabundancewascalculatedusingequationsdescribedintheLMSannualreports.BiovolumewasestimatedbycalculatinganaveragecellvolumeforindividualsofaspeciesPhotosntheticPimentsSamplesforpigmentanalysiswerefilteredontoeither0.45ummembranefilters(1973)orglassfiberfilters(1974through1978)withsubsequentextractioninacetone.~SpectrophotometricmeasurementsoftheextractweremadeoneitheraSpectronic20oraBeckmanModel26spectrophotometer.PhaeopigmentconcentrationswereobtainedbyacidifyingtheacetoneextractwithdiluteHClanddeterminingtheabsorbanceat663nm.Chlorophyllaand,phaeopigmentswerecalculatedaccordingtothemethodsdescribedbyGolterman'6.5-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSPrimarProductionThe~~ClabeledsampleswereanalyzedaccordingtotheMilliporefiltration-liquidscintillationtechnique,similartoonedescribedbyVollenweider'~'Aftercorrectionforbackgroundradiation,'"C-uptake/unitvolume/unittimewascalculatedforlightanddarkbottles.Primaryproduction(generallyconsideredtoapproximatenetproductionusingthe'~C-uptakemethod)wascalculatedbysubtracting'~C-uptakeinthedarkbottlefromthemeanof'~C-uptakeinthelightbottle.From1974'hrough1976,totaldeterminedbytitrationaccordingtoGoltermanuring1977andmeasuredndavailableinorganicfromthesemeasurements.inorganiccarbonwasthemethoddescribedby1978,alkalinitywascarbonwascalculated6.5.2.1.2.3MicrozooplanktonFieldMethod'sLakeStudiesDetailsofthefieldandlaboratoryproceduresusedtostudymicrozooplanktonintheNineMilePointvicinityfrom1973through1978areprovidedinLMS1980"'.AdditionaldescriptionsoftheprogramarefoundintheannualreportspreparedbyLMS'andTI'icrozooplanktonsampleswerecollectedintheNineMilePointvicinityalongfourtransects(NMPW,NMPP,FITZ,andNMPE)encompassingapproximately4.0km(2.5mi)atfourdepthcontours(3,6,12,and18-m[10,20,40,and60ft]),asdepictedonFigure6.5-2.Thesamesamplinglocationswereusedthroughouttheprogramwithoutmodification.Thefrequencywithwhichsampleswerecollected.variedfrom2to4weeks,dependingonyearandseason.Allsurveyswereconductedduringtheday.Sampleswerecollectedwith76ummeshnetstowedverticallyorobliquelythroughthewatercolumn.EitheraWisconsin-typenetorClarke-Bumpusquantitativeplanktonsamplerwasused,bothwithmouthdiametersofapproximately12cm(5in)'ntrainmentStudiesThemicrozooplanktonentrainmentprogramatUnit1andtheJAFplantgenerallyconsistedofcollectingsamplesfromtheintakeforebay,dischargebay,andsometimes(1976through1979)thedischargeareasinthelake,andanalyzingthem6.5-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSforviabilityand/orabundanceandspeciescomposition'~4'.Asinthelake,microzooplanktonwerecollectedona76ummeshforallyearsofstudy.Collectiontechniquesweredesignedtominimizecollection-inducedmortality.6.5.2.1.2.4MicrozooplanktonLaboratoryMethodsThefollowingprocedurewasusedforanalysesofenumerationandtaxonomy.A1-ml(0.3-oz)aliquotofameasured,well-mixedsamplewaspipettedintoaSedgwick-Raftercell,andallorganismsinaspecifiednumberofhorizontalstripsthelengthofthecellwerecountedandidentified.Foridentificationandenumerationofmicrozooplanktoninentrainmentsamples,deadorganismsinunpreservedsampleswerecountedandidentifiedimmediatelyaftercollectionorincubation.'Thesenumberswere'thencomparedwiththetotalcountafterpreservationtodeterminetheplant-inducedmortality'.5.2.1.2.5MacrozooplanktonFieldMethodsLakeStudiesMacrozooplanktonsamplingwasconductedatthesame15stationsintheNineMilePointvicinityfrom1973through1978.'hestationswerelocatedatthe6-and12-m,(20-and40-ft)depthcontourseastandwestoftheUnit,1plantandatthe18-,24-,and30-m(60-,80-,and100-ft)depthcontoursdirectlyoffshore.Thestationswerearrangedtopexmitsamplestobeobtainedwithinconcentricarcs4.8,1.6,and0.8km(3,1,and0.5mi)fromtheplant(Figure6.5-2).SampleswerecollectedweeklyfromAprilthroughDecember.Sampleswerecollectedw'itha1.0-m(3.3-ft)mouthdiameterHensen-typeplanktonnetof571ummeshfromjustbelowthesurface,atmid-depth,andnearthebottom.AsingleTSKflowmeterwasmountedinthenetmouthtopermitthevolumeofwatersampledtobecalculated.EntrainmentStudiesMacrozooplanktonentrainmentstudieswereconductedfrom1973through1976atUnit1andfrom1975through1979at.theJAFplant.DetailswerepresentedbyLMS'andTI(67>ThebasicprogramatUnit1consist'edofsamplecollectionattheintake'anddischargetodetermineorganismdensity6.5-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSandviabilityatbothlocations.ThestudyattheJAFplantwassimilartothatatUnit1;however,densitymeasurementswereobtainedonlyattheintake,andviabilityanalyseswerelimitedtoadominantorganism,theamphipodGammarus.Inadditiontoinvestigationofplantentrainmenteffectsonviability,laboratorysimulationsofplumeentrainmentwereconductedandsamplesinthedischargeplumewereobtainedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofplumeentrainmentonGammarusviability'ampleswerecollectedwith0.5-m(1.6-ft)mouthdiameterconicalplanktonnetsof571ummeshora0.05-cum/s(13-gal)centrifugalwaterpumpwitha571ummeshscreen(net).'AsingleTSKordigitalflowmeterwasusedtomonitorflowthroughtheplanktonnets,andthepumphadbeencalibratedpriortousetodeterminevolumesampledperunittime.Plumeentrainmentwassimulatedbyaddingfiltereddischargewater(atdischargetemperature)tointakecollectionsandthenambienttemperatureintakewateratratesthatapproximatedtemperaturedecayintheplume(to+1.1Cand1.7C[+2Fand+3F]).Temperaturedecay(to1.1C[+2F])wasalsosimulatedforalldischargesamplescollectedafterJune1976.6.5.2.1.2.6MacrozooplanktonLaboratoryMethodsAfterfishlarvaeandeggsweresortedandremovedfromtheichthyoplanktonsamples,macrozooplanktonfromthesamesampleswerecountedandidentified.DetailswerepresentedbyLMS'andTISeveralsubsamplingschemeswereused,withthechoicedependentonorganismdensity.Viabilityfromtheentrainmentsampleswasestimatedonthebasisofmotility;sampleswereexaminedassoonaspossiblefollowingcollection.Analysesto"determineentrainmentmacrozooplanktondensitywereasdescribedforlakesamples.6.5.2.1.2.7BenthosFieldMethodsThe1973through1978surveysaresummarizedinLMS1980"'ithadditionaldetailsintheannualreports'.Benthicmacroinvertebratesampleswerecollectedalongfourtransectsperpendiculartotheshoreline(Figure6'-3).areas,ifpossible,atthe3-m(10-ft)depthcontours-7 NineMile-Point,Unit2ER-OLSBenthossampleswerecollectedwithadiver-operatedpump.Ametalringwasusedtodefinetheboundsofthesamplingareaat,eachstation.Sedimentthroughanalysesanalysesanalyseswerecarriedoutaspartofthe19731976benthosstudies.Theseinvolvedvisualby.diversandvariouschemicalandphysicaloverthe4-yrperiod~'.6.5.2'.2.8BenthosLaboratoryMethodsAnalysispreparationinvolvedsieving,toseparateorganismsandsediment,followedbypreservation(70percentethanol)ofthematerialonthesieve.A420umsievewasusedfrom1973through1976;a500umsievewasemployedduring1977and1978.A.stain,Phloxine-B,wasaddedtothepreservativefrom1973through1976toaidinorganismrecognitionOrganismswereidentifiedtothelowestfeasibletaxonomiclevelusingadissectingmicroscopeor,fordipteralarvaeandoligochaetes,slidemountsandalightmicroscope.Biomassestimateswerebasedonwetweight,measuredonaMettlerbalanceafterwashingandremovalofinterstitialwaterbyblottingorbydrying30minoverdesiccant.6.5.2.1.2.9PeriphytonFieldMethodsBottomPerihtonBottom'eriphytonstudieswerecarriedoutintheNineMilePointvicinityfrom1973through1978.Fourtransects(NMPW,NMPP,FITZ,andNMPE)wereestablishedperpendiculartotheshorelineinthevicinityofUnit1(Figure6.5-3).Samplinglocationswereestablishedatthe2-,3-,6-,10-,and12-m(7-,10-,20-,33-,and40-ft)depthcontours'hedurationofthesestudiesvariedamong.years,butgenerallysamplesrepresentativeofspring,summer,andfallconditionswereobtained.Exposureperiodsalsovariedamongyears;4-weekexposureswerecommonto1975through1978programsandwereusedforsomemonthsduringeal'ier'years.In-1973,glassslideswereusedasthesubstrates.Theartificialsubstratesusedfrom1974through1978weredoubledPlexiglasplates.Oneachcollectiondate,scubadiverscollectedtheexposedsubstratesandreplacedthem6.5-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSwithcleanedplates.Exposedsubstrateswerereturnedtothelaboratoryforanalysispreparation.BuoPerihtonBuoyperiphytonstudieswereconductedfrom1973through1978'hreestationswereusedforbuoyperiphytoncollections:.NMPE,NMPP,andNMPW(Figure6.5-3).Sampleswerecollectedfromthe1-,2-,4-,and5-m(3-,7-,13-,and16-ft)depths"'.Thesamesamplinglocationswereusedfrom1973through1976.In1977and1978,thetransectsusedwereNMPN,NMPP,andFITZ(Figure6.5-3).In1973,glassslidesandStyrofoamblockswereusedasthesub'strates.From1974through1978,doubledPlexiglasplateswereused.Oneachcollectiondate,scubadiversretrievedtheexposedsubstratesandreplacedthemwithcleanones.Exposedsubstrateswere.returnedtothelaboratoryforanalysis.6.5.2.1.2.10PeriphytonLaboratoryMethodsMethodsofperiphytonanalysiswereessentiallythesameforbottomandbuoycollectionsandwerebasicallysimilaramongtheyearsofstudy.DetailswerepresentedinannualreportspreparedbyLMS'andTI'axonomandAbundanceMaterialwasscrapedfromglassslidesorsectionsofPlexiglasplates,agitatedtobreakupalgalfilmsandclumps',andpreservedin5percentformalin.Basically,thesameprocedurewasfollowedforStyrofoamsubstrates,exceptthatthesurfacesoftheblockswereslicedoffandhomogenizedinablender.atlowspeedtoseparatethesubstratefromsamplematerial.APalmer-Maloneyand/orSedgwickRaftercountingchamberandlightmicroscopewereusedforanalyses.Countswereexpressedasclumps,algalcells,andorganisms(forzooperiphyton)persquaredecimeterorcentimeter.Taxonomicidentifications-weretothelowestfeasiblelevel.BiomassBiomassdeterminationsusedeitherentireglassslidesorscrapingsfromsectionsofPlexiglasplates.Inbothcases,samplesweredriedinahotairoven,cooled,weighed,ashedinamufflefurnace,cooled,andreweighed.Dryweight,ash6.5-9 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSweight,andash-freedryweight,werecomputedasappropriateforthetwodryingtechniquesThetrichromaticmethodwasusedforchlorophyllaanalysesduring1973through1975'.5.2.1.2.11IchthyoplanktonFieldMethodsLakeStudiesIchthyoplanktonsampleswerecollectedatthesamestationsintheNineMilePointvicinityfrom1973through1978'hestationswerelocatedatthe6-and12-m(20-and40-ft)depthcontourseastandwestofUnit1andatthe18-,24-,and30-m(60-,80-,and100-ft)depthcontoursdirectlyoffshorefromtheplant.SampleswerecollectedweeklyatallstationsfromAprilthroughDecemberduringallyearsofstudy.Thesampleswerecollectedwitha1.0-m(3'-ft)mouthdiameterHensen-typeplanktonnetof571ummeshfromjustbelowthesurface,atmid-depth,andnearthebottom.AsingleTSKflowmeterwasmountedinthenetmouthtopermitthevolumeofwatersampledtobecomputed.EntrainmentStudiesIchthyoplanktonentrainment,studieswereconductedfrom1973through1978atUnit1andfrom1975through1979attheJAFplant.DetailswerepresentedbyLMS'andTI'hebasicprogramatUnit1consistedofsamplecollectionattheintakeanddischargetodetermineorganismdensityat.theselocationsandchangesinviabilityafterplantentrainment.Sampleswerecollectedatleasttwicepermonthduringthedayandatnight.Dischargecollectionswereomittedafter1974.TheentrainmentstudyattheJAFplantwassimilartothatatUnit1'.Inaddition'oinvestigatingorganismdensityandplantentrainmenteffectsonviability,laboratorysimulationsofplumeentrainmentwereconductedandsamplesfromthedischargeplumewereobtainedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofplumeentrainmentonichthyoplanktonviability.6.5-10 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSampleswerecollectedwith0.5-m(1.6-ft)mouthdiameterconicalplanktonnetsof571ummeshora0.05-cum/s(13-gal/s)centrifugalwaterpumpwitha571ummeshscreen(net).Asingle'TSKflowmeterwasusedtomonitorflowthroughtheplanktonnets,orthepumpcalibratedpriortousetodeterminevolumesampledperunittime.Plumeentrainmentwassimulatedbyaddingfiltereddischargewater(atdischargetemperature)tointakecollectionsandthenambienttemperatureintakewateratratesapproximatingtemperaturedecayintheplume(to+1.1Cand+1.7C[+2Fand+3F]).Temperaturedecay(to+1.1C[+2F])wasalsosimulatedforalldischargesamplescollectedafterJune1976.6.5.2'.2.12IchthyoplanktonLaboratoryMethodsLakeStudiesAftersortingandtransferto70percentalcohol,ichthyoplanktonwerecounted,identified,andmeasuredfortotallength.DetailsofanalysiswerepresentedbyLMS'andTI'.Viabilityobservationsonentrainmentcollectionswereestimatedonthebasisofmotility;sampleswereexaminedassoonaspossiblefollowingcollection.Methodsandproceduresforidentificationbyspeciesandlifestage,enumeration,andlengthmeasurementswereasforlakestudies.6.5.2;1.2.13FishFieldMethodsLakeStudiesEarlyinthedesign-constructionphaseofUnit1,Dr.J.F.StorrassessedLakeOntariofishpopulationsneartheNineMilePointarea.Abundanceanddistributionoffishstocksweredeterminedbyfathometricsurveysandbygillnetcollections'~'.Additionalstudieswereconductedtodeterminethefoodpreferencesofyellowperchndotherfish'MS(QLMpriorto1975)conductedadditionalstudiesonthedistributionandabundanceoffishintheNineMilePointareafrom1972to1977'"",~'.TIconductedstudiesfrom1977to1981Fishpopulationsweresampledperiodicallybysurfaceandbottomtrawling;surface,bottom,andmid-depthgillnetting;andbeachseining.Anatomicalandmeristicdatafromthesefishwereusedtodeterminepopulationcharacteristics,i.e.,length-weight6.5-11 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSrelationship,conditionfactors,length-frequencydistributions,-.coefficientsofmaturity,andsexratiosforselectedspecies.ThegearusedtosamplefishinthevicinityofNineMilePoint.from1972through1981andthedimensionsforeachgeartypeareprovidedintheannualreportspreparedbyLMS'andTI'.Trawlruns(OtterandYankee)andgillnetsetsweremadeparalleltoshorealongtheselecteddepthcontour.Trapnetsweresetatsunsetandretrievedshortlyaftersunriseoneachsamplingdate.Table6.5-1summarizesthesamplingschedule,andincludessamplinglocationandfrequencyfortheperiodfrom1972through1981.ThebasicprogramwastosamplefisheswithavarietyofgearfromfourtransectsdistributedaroundUnit1andtheJAFplant.Figure6.5-4givesthetransectssampledfrom1972through1981.Specialsamplingwasconductedduringanumberofyears.From1973through1978,specialgillnetsamplingwasemployedtoobtainspecimensforfoodhabitstudies.In1975,aspecialseinesamplingprogramwasconductedat10sitesfromAprilthroughDecember..TwositeswerelocatedattheendoftransectNMPW,andeightsitesweredistributedalongtheshoreeastofNineMilePointtothemouthoftheSalmonRiver.Thepurposeofthisprogramwastocollectaslargeanumberandvarietyofspeciesaspossible,particularlyyoung-of-the-year.From1972through1978,fishesweresampledintensively,withfewchangesintheprogramfromyear-toyear.Thereducedsamplingprogramafter1978reflectschangesintheUnit1andtheJAFplanttechnicalspecifications.IminementStudies.ImpingedfishesweresampledatUnit1from1973through1981andattheJAFplantfromSeptember1975through1981.ThegearusedtocollectfishandthesamplingfrequencyaresummarizedinLMS1980'~"'.Beforeeach24-hrsamplingperiod,thebarracksandtravelingscreenswerecleanedtoremoveaccumulatedfishsothateachcollectionrepresentedexactly24hrofimpingement.AllfishwereidentifiedtothespecieslevelandenumeratedatthecollectionsiteexceptwhenthetravelingscreenswerecontinuouslywashedbecauseoflargeCladohoraaccumulationsorlargenumbersofimpingedfish46.5-12 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSInmostcases,thecollectionsweremadefromallthreetravelingscreens.However,ifoneortwoofthescreenswerenotinoperation,thenumbersoffishcollectedwereextrapolated,assuminguniformimpingementamongscreens.Similarly,duringthecontinuouswashsamplingprogramwhensubsamplingwasnecessary,thenumbersoffishimpingedwereextrapolatedaccordingtothehourlyrate.Theseadjustmentsareincorporatedintotheestimatesofthetotalannualnumberimpinged.6.5.2.1.2.14FishLaboratoryMethodsFishwereidentifiedtothespecieslevelandenumeratedwherepossible.Totallengthandweightweredeterminedforallindividuals(upto40)pernetcatch.From1972through1976,thesexandgonadaldevelopmentofeachfish(upto40individualsforabundantspecies)weredetermined,whilein1977and1978thesecharacteristicsweredeterminedforonlythreekeyspecies(whiteperch,yellowperch,andsmallmouthbass).Forfish,collectedin1972,conditionfactor(K=Wx.l0/L,whereW=weightingrams,L=lengthinmillimeters)andcoefficient,ofmaturityweredeterminedforallspeciescollectedinsubstantialabundance.Thestudieswereexpandedfrom1973through1976toincludeageandgrowth,fecundity,coefficientofmaturity,andfoodhabitsoffiveimportantspecies:alewife(Alosaseudoharenus),rainbowsmelt(Osmerusmordax),whiteperch(Moroneamericana),yellowperch(Percaflavescens),andsmallmouthstudieswereconductedforwhiteperchandsmallmouthbassonly.Inaddition,fecunditywasdeterminedforalewifeand'ainbowsmeltin1977.ThetechniquesusedforthesestudiesarediscussedinLMS1980~'.6.5.2.1.3DataAnalysisProceduresandStatisticalMethodsDataanalysisproceduresincludedsomemethodologiesconductedinthefieldorlaboratoryinconjunctionwithroutinedataaccumulation.Thoseproceduresareexplainedinindividualsectionsearlierinthischapter.Dataforeachbioticgroupandforwaterqualitywerepresentedintheannualreportsineithergraphicortabularformbutdonotnecessarilyrepresentallthedataanalyzed.Whenasingleyearoreventwasrepresentativeofseveral,arepresentativeunitmaybeshownandreferencemadetothetotaldataset.Thetaxonomiclevelfordatainterpretation6.5-13 NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSvariedwithsamplingprogram(e.g.,fishatspecieslevel,phytoplanktonatclasslevel).Datawerecomparedwithinandbetweensamplingprogramswhereversuchcomparisonswerebiologicallymeaningful;parametersmonitoredinthewaterqualityprogramwerealsodiscussedinrelationtobioticgroupswhereappropriate.Variousstatisticaltestswereconducted',usingbothbriginalandreplicatesampleswhereverpossible,toincreasethesensitivityofthetestandtodeterminelevelsofsignificanceforspatial/temporaldistributionpatterns.Thestatisticaltestsusedaredescribedandreferencedindetailintheannualreports'.ThetestsusedincludedBartlett'stestforhomogeneityofvariance,T-tests,pairedT-tests,leastsignificantdifferecetest,analysisofvariance,analysisofcovariance,Student-Newman-Keulsprocedure,andsimplelinearregression.Specifictestswerechosenaftereachindividualdatabasewasreviewedtoensurecorrectapplicationofthestatisticbeing'sed.Forexample,toanalyzetheimpingementdatacollectedin1975,parametrictechniques,followingthemethodof.SteelandTorrie'~'ndSokalandRohlf',wereusedbecauseofthelargesamplesizesandthehighsensitivityofthetests.Theanalysisofvarianceandthecorrelationanalysistechniqueswereusedwhenevertheirapplicationwasmeaningful;anc=0.05waschosenforthesignificancelevelforallcorrelations.Statisticaltechniquesforstratifiedsamplingandtheoptimumallocationprocedureswereappliedtotheimpingementdataanalyzed.Tofacilitatehandlingtheextensivedatabase,clusteranalyseswereusedwhereapplicable'~'.TwomeasuresofassociationhavebeenusedwithNineMilePointdata:Gower'ssimilaritycoefficientorquantitativedataandthePerCentSimilarity(PS)measuregivenbyHaedrich'heclusteringstrategychosenwasthegroupaverage,alsoknownastheunweightedpair-groupaverage'"'.Thisstrategyhasprovedgenerallysatisfactoryinmanyecologicalstudies,and,sinceitgivesonlymoderatelysharpclustering(i.e.,itisarelativelyconservativestrategy),ithastheadvantageofbeingrelativelyimmunetomisclassificationandisgenerallynotgroup-sizedependent'.5-14 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.5.2.2OperationalMonitoringofAquaticEcologyPresentaquaticecologystudiesattheNineMilePointsitefulfilltherequirementsoftheEnvironmentalTechnicalSpecificationsoftheUnit1andJAFpowerplants,aswellasprogramsspecifiedintheStatePollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(SPDES)permitsforthesefacilities.Unit2operationalaquaticecologystudieswillcomplywiththerequirementsoftheUnit2SPDESpermitandtheNRCEnvironmentalProtectionPlan.6.5-15 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.5.3References2.Cox,G.W.IaboratoryManualofGeneralEcology.WilliamC.BrownCo.Publishers,Dubuque,IA,1972.Quirk,Lawler6MatuskyEngineers.1973NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthority.oftheStateofNewYork,1974.3.Lawler,Matusky&SkellyEngineers.1974NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.'reparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1975.Lawler,MatuskyEcSkellyEngineers.1975NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1976.5.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.1976NineMilePoint,AquaticEcologyStudies.2Vol.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1977.6~TexasInstruments,Inc.1977NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1978.7.TexasInstruments,Inc.1978NineMilePoint,AquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1979.8.TexasInstrument,Inc.1979NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1980.TexasInstruments,Inc.1980NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1981.10.RochesterGasandElectric.TheSterlingPowerProject.Rochester,NY,August1973,RevisedJanuary1974.6.5-16 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSMcNaught,DEC.andFenlon,MDTheEffectsofThermalEffluentsUponSecondaryProduction.Verh.Int.Verein.Limnol.18:204-'212,1972.12.McNaught,D.C.andBuzzard,M.ChangesinZooplanktonPopulationsinLake-Ontario(1939-1972).Proc.16thConf.GreatLakesRes.,19736.13.Storr,J..AquaticEnvironmentalStudies1968-1972.NineMilePoint,NuclearStationUnit1.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1973.14.Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers.NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudySummary(1973-1981).PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1980.15.Findenegg,I.ExpressionsofPopulations,p16-17.InR.A..Vollenweider(ed.),AManualonMethodsforMeasuringPrimaryProductioninAquaticEnvironments.IBPHandbookNo.12.BlackwellScientificPublications,London,1969.16.Golterman,H.T.MethodsforChemicalAnalysisofFreshwaters.IPBHandbookNo.8,InternationalBiologicalProgramme.BlackwellScientificPublications,Oxford,1971.17.Vollenweider,R.A.(ed.);etal.AManualonMethodsforMeasuringPrimaryProductioninAquaticEnvironments.IBPHandbookNo.12.BlackwellSc'ientificPublications,Oxford,1974.18.AmericanPublicHealthAssociation[APHA].StandardMethodfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewater.14thed.Amer.PublicHealthAssoc'~,Amer.WaterWorksAssoc.,andWaterPoll.Cont.Fed.,Washington,DC,197619.Mason,W.T.,Jr.andYevich,P.P.TheUseofPhloxine'andRoseBengalStainstoFacilitateSortingBenthicSamples.Trans.Am.Microsc.Soc.86(2):221-223,1967.20.AmericanPublicHealthAssociation.StandardMethodfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewater.13thed.M.J.Taras(chm.ofeds.).AmericanPublicHealthAssoc.,Washington,DC,1971.,6.5-17 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS21.22.23.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishNetCatchReportfromNineMilePoint,August12-15,1969.September2,1969.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishDistributionStudy,NineMilePoint,July27,1968.December15,1969.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishDistributionStudiesUsingFathometricTracingRecordsNineMilePoint,Summer1969.24.25.26.27.28.29.30~31.32.Storr,J.F.-LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorp.FishnetcatchreportforNineMilePoint.October7-10,1969.May22,1970.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishNetStudiesOffNineMilePoint,May26-29,1970'uly14,1970.Storr,.J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishNetStudiesOffNineMilePoint,July8;11,1970.August13,1970.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishNetStudyOffNineMilePoint,August19-22,1970.September4,1970.Storr,'.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishNetStudyOffNineMilePoint,October21-24,1970.November30,1970'torr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishDistributionStudiesofFourPeriodsin1970.February17,1971.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowe'rCorporation.FishNetStudy,NineMilePoint,June1-2,1971.July9,1971.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishNetCatchStudy,NineMilePoint,June29-July2,1971.August30,1971.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishDistributionStudy-NineMilePoint,June1-12,1971.October7,1971.6.5-18 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS33.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishNetCatchStudy,NineMilePoint,August17-20,1971.October19,1971.34.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishDistributionStudy,NineMilePoint,August17-19,1971.January3,1972.35~Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishDistributionStudy,NineMilePoint,November1-2and5,1971.January12,1972.36'.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.FishFoodPreferenceStudy,NineMilePoint,November2,4-6,1971.January17,1972.37.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPower,Corporation.AnalysisofFishFoodPreferenceofYellowPerch(Percaflavescens)CollectedatNineMilePoint,May26-29,1970.July29,1970.38.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.AnalysisofFoodPreferenceofYellowPerch(Percaflavescens)CollectedatNineMilePoint,July8-11,1970.July31,1970.39.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkCorporation.FishFoodPreference,August19,December4,1970.Power1970'0.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkCorporation.FishFoodPreference,October21,December4,1970.Power1970.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkCorporation.FishFoodPreferenceStudy,NinePoint,June1-2,11-12,1971.July7,1971.PowerMile42.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkCorporation.FishFoodPreferenceStudy,NinePoint,June29-July2,1971'ugust30,1971.PowerMile43.Storr,J.F.LettertoR.Clancy,NiagaraMohawkCorporation.FishFoodPreferenceStudy,NinePoint,August17-20,1971.January30,1972.PowerMile6.5-19 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS44.Quirk,LawlerScMatuskyEngineers.EffectsofCirculatingWaterSystemsonLakeOntarioWaterTemperatureandAquaticBiology.P'reparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation.NineMilePointNuclearPowerStation,1973.45.Quirk,Lawler6MatuskyEngineers.EffectofCirculatingWaterSystemson,LakeOntarioWaterTemperatureandAquaticBiology.Vol.IVAppendixD,1972EcologicalInvestigationsofLakeOntario.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1973.46'teel,R.G.D.andTorrie,J.H.PrinciplesandProceduresofStatistics.McGraw-HillBookCo.,Inc.,NewYork,1960.47.Sokal,R.R.and'ohlf,F.J.Biometry.W.H.FreemanandCo.,SanFrancisco,CA,1969.48.Stephenson,W.;Cook,S.D~;andWilliams,W.T.ComputerAnalysesofPetersen'sOriginalDataonBottomCommunities.Ecol.Monogr.42(4):387-408,1972.49.Sneath,P.H.A.andSokal,R.R.1973.Numericaltaxonomy:ThePrinciplesandPracticeofNumericalClassification.W.H.FreemanandCo.,SanFrancisco,CA.,1973.50.Haedrich,R.L.DiversityandOverlapasMeasuresofEnvironmentalQuality.WaterRes.9:945-952,1975.51.Clifford,H.T.andStephenson,W.IntroductiontoNumericalClassification.AcademicPress,NewYork,1975.6.5-20 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.5-1SUMMARYOFFIELDMATERIALSANDMETHODSFORFISHCOLLECTIONSNINEHILEPOINTVICINITY-1972-1981YearGearGillnet1972Ottertrawl~FreceneMonthIy(DEcN)Apr,OctHonthly(D)Sept,OctTransectDepthContourNHPW,NMPP6,12,(20',40)NHPWFNHPP5,9,12,(15,30,40)SamleDehSurfaceandbottomHid-depthat5m(15ft);surfaceandbottomat10and12m(30and40ft)~ccmmeneFloatswereattachedtotrawlforsurfacesampling.Bottomtrawlsweremadewithnetslightlyabovebottomtoavoidnetfouling.BeachseineHonthly(0)Sept1973OttertrawlMonthly(D8cN)Har-May,DecNMPW,NMPP,NHPE6,12,18(20F40,60)Shorelineto2.5m(8ft)SurfaceandbottomTrawlingatNMPPcrossedtheFITZtran-secteliminatingtheneedfortrawlingattheFITZtransect(commentsfor1972apply)GiIInetSemimonthly(DILN)June-DecNMPW,NMPP,FITZ,NMPE5,9,12F18(15F30,40,60)Bottomat5m(15ft);Netssetfor48hrandsurfaceandbottomharvestedevery12hrat10,12,and20matdawnanddusk(30,40,and60ft)approximatelyBeachseineSemimonthly(D)NMPW,NMPP,June-NovFITZFNMPEShorellneto2.5m(8ft)atendofeachtransect1974OttertrawlSemimonthly(DILN)Apr-NovNMPW,NHPP,NMPE6,12,18(20,40,60)SurfaceandbottomCommentsfor1972and1973apply1of4

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.5-1(Cont)YearGearBeachseine1974Gillnet(Cont)~Fre<<encApr,HayandJuly,3samples;June,4samples;Aug-Nov,2samplDec,1sample(DINforaIImonths)SemimonthlyApr-Nov,1sampleinDeces;TransectNHPW,NHPP,FITZ,NHPENHPW,NHPP,FITZ,NHPEDepthContour5,9,12,18(15,30,40,60)SamleDethCommentsShorelineto2.5m(8ft)atendofeachtransectBottomat5m(15ft);Commentsfor1973surfaceandbottomapplyat10,12,and20m(30,40,and20m)1975OttertrawlGillnetApr,Aug,Sept,3samples;Hay,June,July,Oct,2samples;Nov,4samples;Dec,1sample(D8cNforalImonths)AprhDec,1sample;SemimonthlyMay;Nov(D8cN)NHPW,NHPPNHPENMPWpNHPP,FITZ,NMPE6,12,18(20,40,60)5,9,12,18(15,30'0,60)SurfaceandbottomSurfaceat5m(15ft);surfaceandbottomat10,12and20m(30,40,and60ft)Commentsfrom1972and1973applYCommentsfor1974applyBeachseineApr,July,Oct,Nov,Dec,1sample;HayandJune,2samples;Aug,Sept,3samplesNHPWpNHPP,FITZShorelineto2.5mSeetextforspecial(8ft)atendofeach,seinesamplingprogramtransectin19751976OttertrawlSemimonthlyNMPWpNHPP,(D&N)Apr-DecNHPE(12-and20-m,[40-and60-ft]contoursatNMPEfromApr-Juneonly)6,12,18(20'0,60)BottomCommentsfor1972and1973apply2of4

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.5-1(Cont)YearGear~Frecanc~TranaecDepthContourmftSamleDethComments1976Yankeetrawl(Cont)GillnetSemimonthly(D&N)June-DecSemimonthly(D&N)Apr-DecNHPENHPW,NHPP,FITZ,NHPE12'8(40,60)5,9,12'8(15,20'0,60)BottomBottomonlyat5,10,and18m(15,30,and60ft);surfaceandbottomat12m(40ft)Seetextfortrawlcomparisonstudyin1976Commentsfor1973apply;surfaceat12-m(40-ft)contourwasanightcollectiononlyandbottomnetwasfordaycollectiononlyBeachseineSemimonthly(D)NHPW,NHPP,Apr-DecFITZ,NMPEShorelineto2.5m(8ft)atendofeachtransect1977OttertrawlSemimonthly(D&N)Apr-DecYankeetrawlSemimonthly(D&N)Apr-DecNHPW,NHPP,NHPENMPE6,12,18(20,40,60)12,18(40,60)BottomNACommentsfor1972and1973applyGillnetSemimonthly(D&N)Apr-DecNHPW,NMPP,FITZpNHPE5,6,9,12,18Bottom(15,20,30,40,60)Commentsfor1973apply.Nosamplingat6-m(20-ft)contourforNMPPBeachseineSemimonthly(D)NHPW,NHPP,Apr-DecFITZ,NHPEShorelineto2.5m(8ft)atendofeachtransectTrapnet1978OttertrawlGillnetBeachseineSemimonthly(N)Apr-DecSemimonthly(D&N)Apr-DecSemimonthly(D&N)Apr-DecSemimonthly(D)Apr-DecNHPW,NHPP,FITZ,NHPENHPW,NHPP,NMPE/FITZNHPWpNHPPpFITZ,NMPENMPW,NHPP,FITZpNHPE6(20)6,12,18(20,40,60)BottomBottom5,6,9,12,18Bottom(15,20,30,40'0)Shorelineto2.5m(8ft)atendofeachtransectCommentsfor1972and1973applyCommentsfor1973apply.Nosamplingat6-m(20-ft)contourforNMPP3of4

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.5-1(Cont)YearGear1980Gillnet1981GilInet1978Trapnet(Cont)1979Gillnet~FrecancSemimonthly(N)Apr-DecSemimonthly(N)Apr-Dec;monthly(N)Sept-DecSameasduring1979Sameasduring1979-1980~TranaecNHPW,NHPP,FITZ'HPENHPW,NHPP,FITZ,NHPESameasduring1979Sameasduring1979-1980DepthContour6(20)9(30)Sameasduring1979Sameasduring1979-1980SamleDehBottomBottomSameasduring1979Sameasduring1979-1980~CommenaKEY:NA=NotavailableD=DaysamplingN=Nightsampling4of4

ON7ARI0I/i(ylC>r~~'8<i0cbSPlg<'bS~>pg~giywi')Qc~LEGEND:MATUREFORESTgFORESTSHRUBSHRUBOLDFIELDSHRUB~JORCHARD~rSHRUBORCHARDOLDFIELDWOODEDSWAMP~@4~!GRASSINDUSTRIAL~l!II!IIIIIIRESIDENTALBAREWATERTCTRANSMISSIONCORRIDER0FIGURE6.5-1SCALEMETERSl000SCALEFEETXMETEROLOGIGALTOWERT-ISURVEYTRANSECTSVEGETATIONANDMAMMALSURVEYTRANSECTSNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

/doroRouroLAKEONTARIO/OSWEGO(~ROCMES1ERLOCATIONMAPNMPWNMPP/FITZNMPPFITZ30NMPE189mALCANALUMINUMCORP.NINEMILEPOINTUNIT10JAMESA.FITZPATRICKPOWERPLANTNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2LEGEND:~INTAKEPDISCHARGETDIFFUSERicP0.8KILOMETERS1.6(1mi)9m(30FT)4m(13FT)Orlrop'mNMPW:NINEMILEPOINTWESTNMPP:NINEMILEPOINTPLANTFITZ:J.A.FITZPATRICKNMPE:NINEMILEPOINTEAST0PHYTOPLANKTON,C14MICROZOOPLANKTON---MACROZOOPLANKTON,ICHTYOPLANKTONFIGURE6.5-2PLANKTONSAMPLINGSTATIONSNINEMILEPOINTVICINITY-1973-1978NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

/doLAKEONTARIO/OSwECi0(LOCATIONMAPNMPWNMPP/FITZFITZNMPP30NMPE9mALCANALUMINUMCORP.NINEMILEPOINTUNIT1JAMESA.FITZPATRICKPOWERPLANTNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2LEGEND:INTAKEC)DISCHARGE7DIFFUSER+cP0.8KILOMETERS1.6(1mi)9m(30FT)4m(13FT)OQlO4mNMPW:NINEMILEPOINTWESTNMPP:NINEMILEPOINTPLANTFITZ:J.A.FITZPATRICKNMPE:NINEMILEPOINTEASTBENTHOSNON-CLADOPHORA0BOTTOMPERIPHYTON~BUOYPERIPHYTON,SEDIMENTACCUMULATIONSEDIMENT(TOC)FIGURE6.5-3BENTHOSSAMPLINGSTATIONSNINEMILEPOINTVICINITY-1973-1978NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

/doTGRGNloLAKEONTARIOOSWEGO(LOCATIONMAPNMPWNMPPFITZ30NMPE18129m(30FT)9mALCANALUMINUMCORP.NINEMILEPOINTUNIT10JAMESA.FITZPATRICKPOWERPLANTNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2LEGEND:~INTAKE0DISCHARGETDIFFUSEROi0.8KILOMETERS1.6(1mi)4m(13FT)Of/l0gl4mNMPW:NINEMILEPOINTWESTNMPP:NINEMILEPOINTPLANTFITZ:J.A.FITZPATRICKNMPE:NINEMILEPOINTEASTFIGURE6.5-4SAMPLINGTRANSECTSFORFISHCOLLECTIONSNINEMILEPOINTVICINITY-1972-'1981NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.6CHEMICAL6.6.1Groundwater6.6.1.1PreoperationalMonitoringThepurposeofpreoperationalmonitoringofgroundwaterqualityistoestablishabaselinefortheassessmentofwaterqualitychangesresultingfromplantoperation.SinceUnit2doesnotusegroundwaterforoperationalpurposesanddoesnotdischargewastestothegroundwatersystem,nochangesinwaterqualityareexpectedtoresultfromplantoperation.Therefore,nopreoperationalgroundwatermonitoringofwaterqualitywasperformed.6.6.1.2OperationalMonitoringAnoperationalprogramtomonitorgroundwaterqualityisnotplanned,sincethepotentialforaffectinggroundwaterqualityisnegligible'.6.2SurfaceWaters(WaterQuality)6.6.2.1PreoperationalMonitoring6.6.2.1.1DescriptionofSamplingAnumberofcomprehensivestudiesofthewaterqualityinLakeOntariowereundertakenduringthelate1960s.Thesesurveyswereperformedundertheauspicesofseveralstate,national,andinternationalagenciesandincludetheInternationalJointCommission,WeilerandChawla',andChauetal'.Areviewofthesewaterqualitysurveys,alongwithareviewofsurveysconductedinthesubjectareafrom1970through1972,wasincludedinareportbyQuirk,Lawler6MatuskyEngineers(QLM)toNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation(NMPC)'"'.Severalotherstudies,conductedintheareaduring1970byStorr,concernednitrateandphosphateconcentrations'ince1970,Lawler,Matusky6SkellyEngineers(LMS)andTexasInstruments,Inc.(TI)havebeensurveyingthewaterchemistryofthenearshorewatersandsedimentsinthegeneralareaofOswegoandNineMilePoint.Theearly(1970through1972)studiesaresummarizedinQLMreport1974'.Asummaryofthe1973through1980waterqualitysamplingprogramsisgivenbelow.DetailsofeachprogramareprovidedinIMSreport1982'.The'esultsofthesestudiesarepresentedinSection2.3.3.6.6-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIS1973Waterqualitysamplingconductedduring1973intheNineMilePointvicinityincludedweeklythermalmeasurements,bimonthly(twicepermonth)chemistrycollectionsinconjunctionwithbiologicalsampling,andmonthlycollectionsforextensivewaterqualityanalyses.Specialstudieswereconductedtocharacterizethebottomsedimentandthestormdrainandsanitaryeffluent.ThespecificlocationsoflakesamplingstationsareshownonFigure6.6-1.ThewaterqualityparametersmeasuredarepresentedinTable6.6-1.WeeklytemperaturesurveyswereconductedfromAprilthroughNovemberattheNMPC,NMPE,andNMPWtransectsatthe6-,12-,15-,18-,and30-m(20-,40-,50-,60-,and100-ft)depthcontours(Figure6.6-1).BimonthlychemistrycollectionsweremadefromJunethroughDecemberatthesamethreetransects(Table6.6-2).MonthlycollectionsweremadefromMarchthroughNovemberasoutlinedinTable6.6-2~TheUnit1sanitarysewagetreatmentplanteffluentwasmonitoredmonthlyfromAugustthroughNovember1973'separate1.2-m(4-ft)stormdrainlocatedattheedgeofthelakeonthewestsideofUnit1wasalsosampledmonthlyfromAugustthroughNovember.AdditionalsamplingwasconductedintheOswegovicinity'"'.1974The1974waterqualitysamplingprogramwassimilartothe1973program(Tables6.6-1and6.6-2).Theanalysesweredesignedtosupplementthe1973studyandtodeterminewhichparametersshouldcontinuetobemonitored'hermalprofileswereconductedweeklyduring1974atthe15-and30-m(50-and100-ft)depthcontoursatNMPW,NMPP/FITZ(formerlyNMPC),andNMPE(Figure6.6-1).BimonthlyandmonthlysamplingwasconductedasoutlinedinTables6.6-1and6.6-2.1975TemperaturemeasurementsweretakenweeklyfromAprilthroughDecember1975atthe30-m(100-ft)contouratthreetransects:NMPW,NMPP/FITZ,andNMPE(Figure6.6-1)~BimonthlyandmonthlysamplingwasconductedasdescribedinTables6.6-1and6.6-2.Sedimentsampleswerecollectedonceduringtheyearatthe6-and12-mdepth(20-and6.6-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS40-ft)contoursalongNMPW,NMPP,FITZ,andNMPEtransects'976Threewaterqualitysamplingprogramswereconductedduring1976:theNineMilePoint.monthlywaterqualityprogram,theJamesA.FitzPatrick(JAF)plantmonthlywaterqualityprogram,andtheJAFplanttwice-monthlywaterqualityprogram'.TheparametersmeasuredandthestationssampledareprovidedinTables6.6-1and6.6-2,respectively.Temperaturewasmeasuredforthe1976thermalprofileprogramsapproximatelyweeklyatthe30-m(100-ft)contourofthreetransects(NMPW,NMPP/FITZ,andNMPE).Temperaturemeasurementswerealsomadeinconjunctionwitheachofthebiological-samplingprograms.1977and1978Thewaterqualityprogramsfortheseyearswereessentiallythesameasthe1976program''.Locationsandfrequenciesremainedthesame;someparameterswereaddedaridsomedeleted(Tables6.6-1and6.6-2).1979and1980Forthese2yr,thewaterqualityprogramwasdesignedtoprovideenvironmentalinformation(dissolvedoxygen.andwatertemperature)inthevicinityofthegillnetsamplinglocations.Watersampleswerecollected:fromthebottomatthe9-m(30-ft)contouroftheNMPW,NMPP,FITZ,andNMPEtransects.CollectionsweremadetwicepermonthfromAprilthroughAugustandoncepermonthfromSeptemberthroughDecember'.6.2.1.2AnalysisMethodologiesFrom1973through1980,mosttemperaturemeasurementsweremadewithaMartekMarkIImultiprobeanalyzerorY.S.I.Model57DOMeter,inwhichcasespH,DO,andspecificconductivitywerealsomeasured.Onoccasion,thermalstratificationmeasurementsweremadewithaMontedoroWhitneyModelTF-20thermistororaGMModelOC-1/Sbathythermograph.Forthebimonthlyandmonthlywatercollections,samplesweretakenwitha4-or9-1(1-galor2.4-gal)PVCVanDornsamplerandweredispensedinto4-1(1-gal)polyethylene6.6-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSbottlesforimmediatetransporttothelaboratory;sterile300-ml(0.6-qt)PyrexBODbottleswereusedforbacteriologicalandDOanalyses.FreeCO<wasdeterminedinthefieldbytitration.Bottomsedimentcollectionswereperformedbyscubadivers.Thesampleswereplacedinicechestsandreturnedtothelaboratoryforanalysis.Effluentsamplesofthesewagetreatmentplantwere24-hrcompositesoftheoxidationpondinfluentandeffluent.Samplingatthe1.2-m(4-ft)stormdrainswascarriedoutbygrabsamplestakenevery6hrfor24hr.TheEPAhaspromulgatedmandatoryguidelinesestablishingtestproceduresfortheanalysisofpollutants'"'.Allanalysesconformedeithertotheseguidelinesor,bypermissionoftheEPARegionIIlaboratory,tocurrentstandardmethods'.TheorthotolidinefieldmeasurementtechniquefortotalchlorineresidualwasusedatNineMilePoint.Detailsofspecificanalyticalproceduresareavailableintheannualreports6.6.2.1.3DataAnalysisProceduresandStatisticalMethodsDatareductionproceduresareincludedintheannualreports'~,'~'.Concentrationsofmostwaterqualityparameterswereusuallydisplayedgraphicallyorintables,andvisualcomparisonsweremadebetweenstations.Insomeinstances,analysisofvariancewasconductedtotestforpossibledifferencesamongdatesofcollection,stations,andsampledepthmeans.Biologicallysignificantwaterqualityparametersreceivedspecialattentiontoaidininterpretingcertainbiologicalpatterns.6.6.2.2OperationalMonitoringofSurfaceMaterChemistryNooperationalstudiesforsurfacewaterchemistryareplannedforUnit2.6.6-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.6.3'ReferencesInternationalLakeErieWaterPollutionBoardandtheInternationalLakeOntario-St.LawrenceRiverWaterPollutionBoard.PollutionofLakeErie,LakeOntarioandthe.International'SectionoftheSt:LawrenceRiver-'II.ReporttotheInternationalJointCommission,1969.2.Weiler,R.R.andChawla,V.K.DissolvedMineralQualityofGreatLakes'Waters.'roc.12thConf.GreatLakesRes.1969.3.Chau,Y.K.;Chawla,V.K.;Nicholson,H.F.;andVollenweider,R.A.DistributionofTraceElementsandChlorophyllainL'akeOntario.Proc;13thConf.GreatLakesRes.1970.Quirk,LawlerEcMatuskyEngineers.*1973NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies'reparedfor"NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1974.5.Storr,J.'quaticEnvironmentalStudies1968-1972.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit1.Prepared'orNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,1973.6'.'awler,~Matusky6SkellyEngineers..NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudySummary(1973-1981).PreparedforNiagara.MohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateof'NewYork,1982.Lawler,MatuskyEcSkellyEngineers.1975NineMile'ointAquaticEcology-Studies'.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1976.8.Lawler,Matusky&SkellyEngineers.1976NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.2Vols.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1977.9.TexasInstruments,Inc.1977NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1978.6.6-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS10.TexasInstruments,Inc.1978NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1978.11.TexasInstruments,Inc.1979NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1979.12,TexasInstruments,Inc.1980NineMilePointAquaticEcologyStudies.PreparedforNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandPowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,1981.13.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.MethodsforChem-icalAnalysisofWaterandWastes,1971.14.U.S.Envi."ronmentalProtectionAgency.QualityCriteriaforWater.U.S,EPA,OfficeofWaterandHazardousMaterials,1976.[Prepublicationcopy].15.AmericanPublicHealthAssociation.StandardMethodsfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewater.13thed.M.J.-Taras(chm.-ofeds.).AmericanPublicHealthAssociation,Washington,DC,1971.16.AmericanPublicHealthAssociation.StandardMethodsfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewater.14thed.AmericanPublicHealthAssociation,AmericanWaterWorksAssociation,andWaterPollutionControlFederation,Washington,DC,1976.17.AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials.AnnualBookofStandards.Part23.Water,.AtmosphericAnalysis,1972.6.6-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.6-1WATERQUALITYPARAMETERSMEASUREDINTHEMONTHLYANDBIMONTHLYSAMPLINGPROGRAMSNINEMILEPOINTVICINITYParameter173MoBi~174Bi1997BiMoMoBi~777-77Bi1999-1980BipHTemperatureSpecificconductanceTurbidityColorAlkalinityCarbondioxideDissolvedoxygenBiologicaloxygendemandChemicaloxygendemandChlorophyllaTotalsolidsTotaldissolvedsolidsTotaIsuspendedsolidsTotalvolatilesolidsSettleablesolidsTotalcoliformsFecalcoliformsPhenolsSurfactantsNitratenitrogenAmmonianitrogenTotalKJeldahlnitrogenOrthophosphateTotaIphosphorusSilicateSulfateAluminumArsenicBariumBerylIiumCadmiumCalciumChlorideChromiumCopperCyanideFluorideIronLeadMagnesiumXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX1of2XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.6-1(Cont)~earaeeer173HoBi~174HoBi~17~I7HoBiHoBi~177-7787444~lHoBiBiManganeseMercuryNickelPotassiumSilverSodiumVanadiumZincTotalorganiccarbonSeleniumOrganicnitrogenRadiologicaICarbonchloroformextractXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXKEY:Ho=MonthlyBi=Bimonthly2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.6-2SAMPLINGLOCATIONSUSEDINTHEMONTHLYANDBIMONTHLYWATERQUALITYPROGRAMSNINEMILEPOINTVICINITY:1973-1980~SatonMonthlyNHPINMPINHPCNMPP/FITZNHPEBimonthlyNHPENHPWNMPCNHPP/FITZNMPPFITZDepthContourmftIntakeDischarge62014456201240144562012406201240620930124018606209301240186062012401860620124018609309301997~174~171997~177~178~1199@

TORONIO/doLAKEONTARIOjOSWEGO(LOCATIONMAPNMPW(NMPC)NMPP/FITZNMPPFITZPE100NM6050409mALCANALUMINUMCORP.NINEMILEPOINTUNIT10JAMESA.FITZPATRICKPOWERPLANTNINEMILEPOINTUNIT2LEGEND:8INTAKE0DISCHARGE1DIFFUSER3020iy10+cOiP0.8KILOMETERS1.6(1mi)9m(30FT)4m(13FT)O(pOp'MPW:NINEMILEPOINTWESTNMPP:NINEMILEPOINTPLANTFITZ:J.A.FITZPATRICKNMPE:NINEMILEPOINTEASTFIGURE6.6-1WATERSAMPLINGSTATIONSNINEMILEPOINTVICINITYNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.7OTHERMONITORINGPROGRAMS6.7.1AmbientNoiseSurveyTheobjectiveoftheambientnoisesurveyperformedwastodefinetheexistingacousticalenvironmentoftheNineMilePointareabyobtainingsoundlevelmeasurementsat,anumber.oflocations-withina4.8-km(3-mi)radiusofthesite.ThesitecharacteristicsandresultsofthenoisesurveyareprovidedinSection2.10.Theacousticalenvironmentofanarea,whichcanbequantitativelydefinedastheambientsoundlevel,encompassesallsounds,whetherfrommanmadenoisesourcessuchastheexistingtwopowerplants,traffic,aircraft,andotherindustrialsites,orfromnaturalsourcessuchasanimals,insects,andthewaveactionofwaterbodiessuchasLakeOntario.Ambientsoundlevelsinagivenareacanvarygreatlywithtimeandlocale.Theproximityofaspecificlocationwithinanareatonoisesourcessuchashighwayscaninfluenceambientlevels,ascantemporalvariationsintheactivitiesthatproducesound.Toevaluatetheimpactofintroducinganewnoisesource(Unit2)intotheacousticalenvironmentofthearea,adetailedanalysisoftheexistingambientsoundlevels,includingtheimpactfrom.theexistingtwonuclearpowerstations,wasnecessary.TheNineMilePointambientnoisesurveywasconductedduringa5-dayperiodbetweenSeptember27andOctober1,1979.Exceptfor1dayofrainduringwhichnonoisedatawereobtained,theweatherconditionswerefavorablefortakingnoisemeasurements.Thewindwasrelativelycalmduringtheentiremeasurementperiod,minimizingthenoiseimpactofwindinthetrees.ThefollowingsectionsdescribethetechniquesusedtoassesstheexistingambientnoiseenvironmentintheareasurroundingtheNineMilePointsite.Thesesectionsincludeadescriptionoftheinstrumentationusedduringtheambientnoisesurvey,adescriptionofthedatameasurementmethodology,andthetypeofanalysisperformedindefiningtheambientnoiselevels.Inaddition,Section2.10containsadescriptionofthegeneralsitecharacteristics,aswellasasummaryofthemeasuredambientnoiselevels.Section5.8.1dealswiththepredictionandevaluationofthenoiseimpactexpectedfromtheoperationofUnit2.6.7..1.1DescriptionofSiteSelectionSite1,locatedat,theendofIakeviewRoad,approximately152m(500ft)fromtheshoreofLakeOntario,is6.7-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSrepresentativeofthenearestresidentialareaalongthewesternboundaryofthepowerplantpropertyline.ThissiteisownedandoperatedbytheOntarioBibleConferenceGroupandislocatedapproximately1.6km(1mi)fromUnits1and2.Althoughseveralofthehomesinthisareaareoccupiedyear-round,themajorityofthedwellingsareutilizedduringthesummermonthstohousethoseattendingtheBibleConference.Duringthetimeoftheambientnoisesurvey,thisareawasrelativelyquietbecausethecampwasclosed.Site2,alsolocatedonLakeviewRoad,isnearthesouthwestcornerofthepowerplantpropertyline,approximately2.4km(l.5mi)fromUnits1and2.Thelargestconcentrationofhomeswithina4.8-km(3-mi)radiusofthepowerplantsiteislocatedintheLycomingareaattheintersectionofMinerRoadandRoute29.Asaresult,Site3,locatedonMinerRoadapproximately137m(450ft)from'heintersection,wasselectedasoneoftheprimarynoise-monitoringsites.Thissite,locatednearthesoutheastcornerofthepowerplantboundaryline,wasapproximately2.9km(1.8mi)fromUnits1and2and2.7km(1.7mi)fromtheJamesA.FitzPatrick(JAF)plant.Site4waslocatedeastofthepowerplantsite,attheintersectionofLakeRoadandParkhurstRoad,approximately24km(15mi)fromUnits1and2,and16km(1mi)fromtheJAFplant.Site5waslocatedalongLakeOntario,eastofthepowerplantsite,approximately2~7km(1.7mi)fromUnits1and2,and1.7km(1~1mi)fromtheJAFplant.Thissiteisonalightlytraveleddirt,roadleadingtoanumberofhomesalong'thewaterfront,approximatelyhalfofwhichappeartobeyear-roundresidences.AswithSite1,thissitewaslocatedapproximately152m(500ft)fromthewatertoavoidanynoiseimpactfromthewaveactiononLakeOntario.Site6,locatedonRoute29,wasselectedbecauseitrepresentedalocationalongtheeasternboundaryofthepowerplantpropertyline.Thissitewaslocated365m(1,200ft)fromtheintersectionofLakeRoad,approximately1.9km(1~2mi)fromUnits1and2,and1.2km(0.8mi)fromtheJAFplant.Site7,locatedonNorthRoad,approximately4.0km(2.5mi)southofthepowerplantsite,wasonahilloverlookingtheentirepowerplantfacility.Site8,locatedwestofthepowerplantsiteapproximately130m(425ft)fromLakeRoad,wasselectedbecauseitrepresentedanareathatwasincontrasttoSite1,wheretherewasverylittleactivity.Thissitewaslocatedapproximately2.2km(1.4mi)fromUnits1and2,and3.0km(1.9mi)fromtheJAFplant.6.7-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSite9,locatedonMinerRoaddirectlysouthofthepowerplants,wasapproximately2.4km(l.5mi)fromUnits1and2,and2.7km(1.7mi)fromtheJAFplant.Inaddition,thissitewasnearthetransmissionlinecorridorleadingawayfromthepowerplantsite.Measurementstakenatthissiteprovidednoise-monitoringdataforthesouthernboundaryofthepowerplantpropertyline.Allninenoise-monitoringsiteswerelocatedinopenareassothattherewerenoproblemswithsoundreflectionsfrombuildings.6.7.1.2DescriptionofNoise-MonitoringEquipmentThemeasuredambientsoundleveldataconsistedofcontinuous,automaticallyrecordedstatisticalmeasurements,aswellasmanuallyrecordedhand-heldstatisticalnoisesamplesobtainedduringbothdaytimeandnighttimenoise-monitoringperiods.Thefollowinginstrumentationwasusedduringthisambientnoisesurvey:1.TwoMetrosonicsdB-602CommunityNoiseAnalyzers(CNA).2.GeneralRadio1945-9730WeatherproofMicrophoneSystems.3.TwoGeneralRadio1961-96011-inElectretMicrophone.4~OneGeneralRadio1562AAcousticCalibrator.5.OneBruel6Kjaer(BGK)2209SoundLevelMeter.6.OneBEAK1613OctaveBandFilterSet..7.OneB&K41451-inCondenserMicrophone.8.OneB&K4220PistonphoneCalibrator.9.OneBEcKUA0207Windscreen.10.OneNAGRAIV-SJSTape,Recorder.TheCNAisanautomaticinstrumentpoweredbyaninternaldcpowersupply,andasaresult,couldbeleftinthefieldunattendedforaperiodof24to36hr,dependingonthetemperature.TheCNAsamplestheexistingsoundleveltwice6.7-3 NineMile=PointUnit2ER-OLSpersecondandstorestheresultinworkingmemoryforfutureanalysis.Attheendofanhourlyperiod,theCNAprocessesthedatastoredintheworkingmemoryandcomputestheequivalentsoundlevel,Leq,whichisthesteadyA-weightedsoundlevelthathasthesametotalsoundenergyasthefluctuatingnoiselevelsoccurringduringthemeasurementperiod.Duringthemeasurementperiod,theCNAalsocomputestheL>>,Lz,,andL~,soundlevels,whicharetheA-weightedlevels'exceeded10,50,and90percentofthetime,respectively.Thesehourlystatisticalsoundlevelsarethenplacedinstoragememoryforlaterretrievalbythesurveyteam.EachoftheCNAswasconfiguredwithaGeneralRadio1945-9730WeatherproofMicrophoneSystemanda1961-96011-inMicrophone.Forthehand-heldstatisticalmeasurements,thenoise-monitoringinstrumentationincludedaB&K4145Microphonemountedonatripodapproximately1.5m(5ft)high.ThemicrophonewasconnectedbycabletoaBEcK2209SoundLevelMeter.Calibrationofthemeasurementsystemwasperformedateachsite(priortobeginningeachmeasurementperiod)withaBGK4220Pistonphone.TheBEcKSoundLevelMeterwasalsofittedwithaBSKType1613OctaveBandFilterSet.Thisprovidedresidualoctavebandsoundleveldataateachsite.Theresidualoctavebandsoundlevelistheminimumsoundlevelreadingobtainedineachoctavebandintheabsenceofanyidentifiableorintermittentlocalnoisesources,suchaspassingcarsandbarkingdogs.Inaddition,aNAGRAIV-SJStaperecorderwasusedtorecorda3-minnoisesampleateach'oftheninenoise-monitoringsitesforfurtheranalysis,ifnecessary.6.7.1.3DataCollectionMethodologyInordertoadequatelydefinetheambientnoiselevelssurroundingtheNineMilesite,aseriesofbothdaytimeandnighttimenoisemeasurementswasobtainedateachoftheninenoise-monitoringlocations.ThecontinuouslymonitoringCNAswereusedatthefourprimarynoise-monitoringsites(1,2,3,and4)toobtainacomplete24-hrtimehistoryofthenoiseenvironmentateachoftheselocations.Exceptfor1dayofrain(September28)whennoambientnoiselevelswereobtained,oneoftheCNAswasleftinoperationatSite1foralmosttheentireambientnoisesurveytoserveasaconstantreferencedatapoint.ThesecondCNAwasusedattheotherthreeprimarynoise-monitoringsitesandwasmovedaftereach24-hrnoisemeasurementperiod.Thefollowingisasummaryofthetimesand'atesthattheCNAswereinoperation:6.7-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSSite1-1300hrSeptember27,1979to1200hrSeptember28,19790100hrSeptember29,1979to1500hrSeptember'30,1979Site2-1500hrSeptember30,1979to1500hrOctober1,1979Site3-1500hrSeptember27,1979to1200hrSeptember28,1979Site4-1400hrSeptember29,1979to1400hrSeptember30,1979Duringtheambientnoisemeasurementprogram,thenoise-monitoringsiteswerevisitedonceduringthedaytimeandonceduringthenighttimehours.Ateachvisittotheprimarynoise-monitoringsites,thesystemwasswitchedintothestandbymode,andthehourlystatisticaldata(Leq,L9Q,Lz<,andZ,)storedintheanalyzermemorywasretrievedand,recordedonadatasheet.TheB&Ksystemwasthensetupandcalibratedforthehand-heldstatisticalmeasurements.Thismethodofdatacollectionconsistedofusingastatisticalsamplingtechniquethatprovidesanaccuratedescriptionoftheshort-termvariationsintheambientnoiseenvironmentandasoundlevelmetertosampletheexistingA-weightedsoundlevelsin5-secintervals.Aseriesof50sampleswasgenerallymorethansufficienttoprovideastatisticallyreliablesampledefiningtheminimum(L9Q)dBAnoiselevelsobtainableateachsite.Dur'ingthe50-sampletimeperiod(4min,10sec),allactivityintheareawasnotedandallnoisesourceswereidentified.Eachofthe50instantaneoussoundlevelreadingswasrecordedonadatasheetbyacheckmarknexttothecorrectdBAlevel.Thecollecteddatawerelaterusedtodeterminetheappropriatestatisticaldescriptors,suchastheLz>,Lz>,L><,andLeqlevels,whichcorrespondtotheresidual,average,intrusive,andequivalentlevels,respectively.Residualoctavebandsoundlevelswerealsoobtained.Theresidualoctavebandsoundlevelistheminimumrepeatablesoundlevelreadingobtainedineachoctaveband(63,125,250,500,lk,2k,4k,and8kHz)intheabsenceofanyidentifiableorintermittent,'ocalnoisesources,suchaspassingcarsandbarkingdogs.Fromtheresidualoctavebanddata,theresidualdBAnoiselevelcanbecalculatedateachsiteand.shouldagreewiththeminimum(Lz~)dBAlevelsobtainedbyusingthehand-heldstatisticalsamplingtechnique.6.7-5 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThisambientnoisemeasurementprocedurewasfollowedduringeachvisittothenoise-monitoringsites.Attheendofeachvisit,theCNAwasrecalibratedandswitchedfromthestandbymodetotheactivemodetobeginanothernoisemeasurementperiod.Eachsitewasvisitedtwicedailyforatotaloffourorfive-ambientnoisemeasurementsessionsduringthesurvey.Inaddition,'theNAGRAtaperecorderwasusedtorecorda3-minambientnoisesampleateachoftheninenoise-monitoringsites..Thesetaperecordingswereobtainedduringthenighttime,whentheambientnoiselevelsweregenerallylower,sothatpowerplantnoisewasusuallyaudibleateachofthenoise-monitoringsites.Throughoutthesurvey,'eriodicobservationsandmeasurementsweremadeofthemeteorologicalconditions,including'indspeedanddirection,wet-bulbanddry-bulbambientairtemperature,andskyconditions.Fortheentireambientnoisesurvey,thewindsweregenerallycalm,rangingfrom0to8km/h(5mph).Thisminimizedtheimpactofwindinthetrees,whichtendstobeaproblemwhenmeasuringlowambientnoiselevels.6.7.2'SeismicMonitoringThereisnopreoperationalseismicmonitoringprogramplannedattheUnit2site.However,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,inconjunctionwithotherstateutilities,.isfundingaseismicmonitoringresearchprograminNewYorkstate,asdescribedinFSARSection2.'5.6.7.3AirQualityMonitoringProgramsThepotentialsourcesofgaseousemissionsatUnit2aretwostandbydieselgenerators,'oneHPCSdieselgenerator,onediesel-drivenemergencyfirepump,andanatural-draftcoolingtower(NDCT).ThedieselunitswillburnNo.2fueloil(0.5percentsulfurcontent)and,duetoinfrequentoperation,willemitsmallamountsofpollutants(i.e.,nitrogenoxides[NOx],sulfurdioxide[SO<],andparticulates),asdescribedinSection3.6.3.4.Criteria-pollutantemissionsfromthesesources,evenwiththeadditionoftheparticulateemissionsfromtheNDCT,willnotexceedanemissionrequirementof100tons/yrandarenotconsideredamajorsource.Therefore,thesourcesarenotsubjecttopreventionofsignificantdeterioration(PSD)oremissionoffset(EO)regulations'nthisbasis,apost-operationalairqualitymonitoringprogramisneithernecessarynorrequiredbystateorfederalregulationsforthisfacility.6.7-6 NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OIS6.7.4GeotechnicalMonitoringPreoperationalsubsurfacemonitoringhasbeenundertakensubsequenttosubmissionoftheER-CPSandisdiscussedinFSARSection2.5.4.13.TherearenoplansforoperationalmonitoringofgeotechnicalparametersatUnit2.6.7-7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS6.8ENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSANDMONITORINGPROGRAMSAsummaryofpreoperationalmonitoringandoperationalmonitoringprogramsforUnit2ispresentedinTables6.8-1and6.8-2.6.8-1 C

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.8-1SUMMARYOFPREOPERATIONALMONITORINGSectionReference6.1.1.16.1.1.26.1.1.3~Descricion~rroconcVerticaltemperatureWeeklydistribution(LakeOntario)ApriI-Oecember1973-1978Unit1thermaIplumesurveyPeriodicaIIy1970-1975JamesA.FitzPatrick(JAF)June,August,thermaldischargeOctober1976;ApriI,June,November1977~LocaionTransectsNMPP,NMPE,andNHPWUnit1thermalplumeJAFthermalplumeandvicinityMethod1-mintervalsat15-mcontourin1973-1974and30-mcontourin1973-1978.MeasurementsmadewithMartekHKIImultiprobeanalyzer,MontedoroWhitneyTF-20thermistor,orGHmodelOC-1/sbathythermograph.Verticalprofileat4depthsutiliZingGultonIndustriesthermistorprobes(No.133)andRustrakrecorder(model2133).Fluorescentdye(RhodamineWT)andtemperature,verticalandhorizontaItransects,utiIizingfluorometerthermistorprobesanddatalogger.6.3.1HydrologicalmeasurementsHourly(LakeOntario)1969and1970OffshoreofNineMileCurrentspeedanddirectionPoint,7.3-m(24-ft)andat3depths,utilizingreduced-14.2-m(46-ft)depthcontoursizeSavoniusrotormeters.6.4.1MateoroIogicaIContinuousmeasurementsduring1-or2-daysurveys;June,August,October1976,andApril,June,November1977Continuoussince1974Various,offshoreofNineHilePointMeteorologicaItowersiteInsitucurrentmeasure-mentsatvariousdepths.Windspeed/directionAirtemperatureContinuoussince1974Continuoussince19749m(30ft),30m(100ft),Bendix120Aerovanes,Climatronics61m(200ft)F-460vaneandanemometer.8m(27ft),30m(100ft),ClimatronicsTS-10aspirated61m(200ft)thermistor.1of5

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.8-1(Cont)SectionReference~ceecriticnfrerrFuencLocationMethod6.4.1(Cont)RelativehumidityOewpointContinuous1974-1978Continuoussince19788m(25ft)EG&G220dewpointsensor.9m(30ft),61m(200ft)Xeritronhumiditysensors.PrecipitationBarometricpressure6.5.2AquaticEcology6.5.2.1PreoperationaIMonitoring6.5.2.1.2.1PhytoplanktonLakestudiesContinuoussince1974Continuoussince1974Bimonthlyormonthlydependinguponyearandseason1973through1978NearbaseoftowerNearbaseoftowerNHPERNMPP,NMPW,FITZat3,6,12,and18-m(10,20,40,and60-ft)depthcontoursWeathermeasureP511Eraingauge.Climatronicssensor.Wholewatersamples;Palmer-Maloneycell1973-1974and1977-1978Utermohl1975-1976ChlorophylI1973-1978C-141974-1978EntrainmentBimonthlyorUnit1intakeandmonthlydependingdischarge1973-1975uponyearandJAFintakeanddis-seasoncharge1976-19791973-1974,1976-1979Wholewater,1974,1976;Chlorophyll,1973-1974,1976-1979;Productivity,1973"19796.5.2.1.2.3MicrozoopIanktonLakestudiesBimonthlyormonthlydependinguponyearandseason1973-1978NMPERNMPP,NMPW,FITZat3,6,12,and18-m(10,20,40,and60-ft)depthcontours76-ummeshverticaItows1973-1974Ciarke-Bumpusobliquetow1975-1976Wisconsinnetoblique1977-1978;Sedgewick-Raftercountingcell1973-19782of5 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.8-1(Cont)SectionReference~ceecririenEntrainment~Fre<<encBimonthlyormonthlydependinguponyearandseason1973-1979LocationUnit1intakeanddischarge1973-1975JAFintakeanddis-charge1976-1979MethodBucketcollection1973Pumpcollection1974-1979Viabilitybymotility6.5.2.1.2.5MacrozoopIanktonLakesamplingEntrainment6.5.2.1.2.7Benthos6.5.2.1.2.9PeriphytonBottomWeeklyApriI-December1973-1977;monthly1978Weeklyorbimonthlydependinguponyearandseason1973-1979Monthlyorbimonthlydependinguponyear1973-1978Spring,summer,andfaIIseasons,1973-19786and12-m(20and40-ft)depthcontourEandWofUnit1;18,24,and30-m(60,80,and100-ft)depthcontourdirectlyoffUnit1Unit1intakeanddischarge1973-1974Unit1andJAFintake1975JAFintakeanddischarge1976-1979NHPW,NMPP,FITZ,NHPE3,6,9,12,and18-m(10,20,30,40,and60-ft)depthcontoursNHPW,NHPP,FITZ,NMPE2,3,6,10,and12-m(5,10,20,30,and40-ft)depthcontours1.0-mdiameterIIensennet1973-19785-mintow;S,H,Benumerationandidentification0.5-mdiameterconicalnet,571-ummeshCentrifugalpumpintoa571-ummeshnetViabilitybymotilityDiver-operatedpump,washedthrough420-umscreen1973-1976washedthrough500-umscreen1977-1978Enumerationandidenti-ficationGlassslides,1973;plexiglassplates1974-1978;collectedbydivers;Biomass,ChlorophyllandEnumerationandidentification3of5

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.8-1(Cont)SectionReference~neecriticnBuoy6.5.2.1.2.11IchthyoplanktonLakestudiesEntrainment6.5.2'.2.13FishOttertrawlGillnet~FreceneSpring,summer,andfallseasons,1973-1978Weeklyorbimonthlydepend-inguponyearandseason1973-1979Weeklyorbimonthlydepend-inguponyearandseason1973-1979Bimonthlyormonthlydependinguponyearandseason1973-1978Bimonthlyormonttilydepend-inguponyearandseason1972-1981LocationNMPE,NMPP,NMPW12-m(40-ft)depthcontourC1,2,4,and5-m(3,6,12,and15-ft)depths1973-1976NHPW,NMPP,andFITZ1977-1978NMPE,NMPWat6and12-m(20and40-ft)depthcontourtlMPPat18,24,and30-m(60,80,and100-ft)depthcontourUnit1intakeanddischarge1973-1974Unit1,JAFintake1975-1978JAFintakeanddischarge1975-1979NMPW,NMPP6and12-m(20and40-ft)1972Nt4PW,NMPPRNIRPE6,'l2,and18-m(20,40,and60-ft)depthcontour1973-1978NMPW,NMPP5,10,12-m(16,33,and40-ft)depthcontour1972NHPW,NMPP,FITZ,NMPE5,10,12,and20-m(16,33,40,and66-ft)1973-1978NMPWRNMPPfNMPE,FITZ10-m(33-ft)1979-1981MethodGlassslidesandstyrofoam1973plexi-glassplates1974-1978collectedbydivers;Biomass,ChlorophyllandEnumerationandidentification1.0-mdiameterHensennet,571-ummesh,S,M,BEnumerationandidentificationofeggsandlarvae0.5-mdiameterconicalnet571-ummesh1973-1975;Centrifugalpumpintoa571-ummesh.net;1976-19799.l-m(30-ft)ottertrawl,surfaceandbottomSurfaceandbottom1972-1976bottomonly1977-19812,4x46-m(8xl50-ft)experimentalnet4of5

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.8-1(Cont)SectionReference~neacricionBeachseineTrapnetImpingement~are<<encBimonthlyormonthlydepend-inguponyearandseason1972-1978BimonthlyApril-December1977-1978Unit11973-1981JAF1975-198124-hrcollectionsonavariableschedule~cocaionNMPE,NHPWaNHPPpFITZNHPW,NHPE,FITZ,NMPPat6-m(20-ft)depthcontourUnit1andJAFtravelingscreensMethod30-m(100-ft)long1972-1973;15-m(50-ft)long1974-1978Setovernight,two7.6-m(25-ft)leadsIdentificationandenumeration;Lengthandweightonsubsample6.6.26.6.2.1Chemical-surfacewaterPreoperationaImonitoringBimonthlyandmonthlydepend-inguponpara-metersandstations1973-1978;Bimonthlyonly1979-1981Monthly,NHPC,NHPPintakeanddischarge1973-1974NHPP/FITZ,1975,NHPP/FITZ,NHPW,NHPE1976-1978Bimonthly,NHPE,NMPW,NHPC1973;NHPE,NHPW,IIHPP/FITZ1974-1978Monthly,49to51chemicalparametersBimonthly;16to21parameters1973-19782parameters(temp,D.0.)1979-19815of5

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.8-2SUMMARYOFOPERATIONALMONITORING6.4.2HeteorologicaIWindspeed/directionAirtemperature/TDewpointPrecipitationSectionReference~lleecririen6.1.2ThermaI~rreceneAsrequiredbySPDESpermitContinuousContinuousContinuousContinuousContinuousContinuousContinuousLocationAsrequiredbySPDESpermitMain61-m(200-ft)towersite9m(30ft),30m(100ft),61m(200f't)InlandsupplementaItower,9m(30ft)JamesA.FitzPatrickbackupmeteorologicalpole2701(90f't)9m(30ft),30m(100ft),61m(200ft)9m(30ft)Groundlevel1of2MethodAsrequiredbySPDESpermitTeledyneGeotech40.12CWindSpeedProcessor50.1BWindSpeedSensor52.1StandardAnemometer21.21WindDirectionProcessor50.2CWindDirectionSensor53.2QuickTwoVaneTeledyneGeotech40.12CWindSpeedProcessor50.1BWindSpeedSensor52.12StandardAnemometer21.21WindDirectionProcessor50.2CWindDirectionSensor53.2QuickTwoVaneTeledyneGeotech40.12CWindSpeedProcessor50.1BWindSpeedSensor52.2StandardAnemometer21.21WindDirectionProcessor50.2CWindDirectionSensor532QuickTwoVaneTeledyneGeotech21.32TemperatureProcessorT-200PlatinumRTD327BAspiratedThermaIShieldGeneralEastern1200EPSChilledMirrorDewPointSystemTeledyneGeotech21.52PrecipitationProcessorPG-200A-HHeatedPrecipitationSensorS-100WindScreen

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE6.8-2(Cont)6.4.2(Cont)Barometricpressure6.5.2AquaticecoIogy6.6.2.2ChemicalSectioneererence~neecriicn~FreceneContinuousAsrequiredbySPDESpermitAsrequiredbySPDESpermitLocationGroundIeveIAsrequiredbySPDESpermitAsrequiredbySPDESpermitMethodTeledyneGeotech40.61BarometricPressureProcessorBP-100AneroidPressureSensorAsrequiredbySPDESpermitAsrequiredbySPDESpermitKey:SPDES=Statepollutantdischargeeliminationsystem2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-,OLSCHAPTER7ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFPOSTULATEDACCIDENTSINVOLVINGRADIOACTIVEMATERIALSTABLEOFCONTENTSSection7.17.1.17.1.1.17.1~1.27'.1.37.1.1.3.17.1.1.3.27.1.1.3.37.1.1.47.1.1.4.17.1.1.4.27.1.1.57.1.1.5.17.1~1.5.27.1.1.67.1.1.6.17.1.1.6.27.1.1.6.37.1.1.77.1.1.7.17.1.1.7.1.17.1.1~7.1.27.1.1.7.27.1.1.7.3TitlePacae7.1-17.1-17.1-17~127.1-27.1-27.1-27~127.1-37.1-37'37~137~137.1-47.1-47.1-47.1-47.1-4redSafety)7777.1-5.1-5.1-5.1-57.1-67.1-67-iPLANTACCIDENTS,.IdentificationofDesignBasisAccidentsTrivialIncidents(Class1Accidents)SmallReleasesOutsideContainment(Class2Accidents)RadwasteSystemFailures(Class3Accidents)EquipmentLeakageorMalfunctionReleaseofWasteGasStorageTankContentsReleaseofIiquidWasteStorageTankContentsFissionProductstoPrimarySystem(Class4Accidents)FuelCladdingDefectsOff-DesignTransientsThatInduceFuelFailuresAboveThoseExpectedRefuelingAccidents(Class6Accidents)FuelBundleDropHeavyObjectDropOntoFuelinCoreSpentFuelHandlingAccident(Class7Accidents)FuelAssemblyDropinFuelStoragePoolHeavyObjectDropOntoFuelRackFuelCaskDropAccidentInitiationEventsConsideinDesignBasisEvaluationintheAnalysisReport(Class8AccidentsLoss-of-CoolantAccidentsSmallPipeBreakLargePipeBreakBreakinInstrumentLineFromPrimarySystemThatPenetratesthePrimaryContainmentRodDropAccident NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER7TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section7.1.1.7.47~1~1.7.4.17.l.l.7.4.27.1.27.1.2.17'.2.27.1.37.2APPENDIX7AAPPENDIX7BTitleSteamLineBreaksSmallPipeBreakLargePipeBreakDiscussionofPlantAccidentsandMethodologyUsedtoCalculateDosesEstimatesofDosesforAccidentsMan-RemValuesforAccidentsClass9AccidentsAnalysisTRANSPORTATIONACCIDENTSPROBABALISTICRISKANALYSISMAINSTACKANDCOMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTANNUALANDGRAZINGSEASONX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVELFORLOCATIONSOFMILKANIMALS,MEATANIMALS,VEGE-TABLEGARDENSANDRESIDENCESBYSECTORPa<ac7.1-67.1-67.1-77.1-77.1-77.1-77.1-77.2-1APPENDIX7CPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-CLASS9ACCIDENTS NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSCHAPTER7LISTOFTABLESTableNumber7.1-1TitleREACTORFACILITY-CLASSIFICATIONOFPOSTULATEDACCIDENTANDOCCURRENCESSUMMARYOFRADIOLOGICALDOSESATTHEEXCLUSIONAREABOUNDARY7.1-3SUMMARYOFPOPULATIONDOSESWITHINAN80-KM(50-MI)RADIUS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER7ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFPOSTULATEDACCIDENTSINVOLVINGRADIOACTIVEMATERIALS7.1PLANTACCIDENTSThissectiondiscussesofUnit2,asrequiredassumptionsprovidedPlan(ESRP),SectionRegulatoryGuide4.2.followingisprovided:theradiologicalenvironmentalimpactby10CFR51andbasedontheaccidentintheEnvironmentalStandardReview7.1,andmeetsthecriterionofForeachpostulatedaccident,the1.Descriptionofarepresentativetypeofaccidentappropriateforeachaccidentclass,togetherwithitsbasicassumptions.2.DeterminationoftheradiologicaldosesforeachaccidentclassasitappliestoUnit2.Table7.1-1identifiestheaccidentsconsidered.Table7.1-2summarizestheradiologicaldosesforeachac-cidenttoahypotheticalmaximumexposedindividualattheexclusionareaboundary(EAB),asdefinedin10CFR100.Table7.1-3summarizesthepopulationdosesforeachac-cidentatan80-km(50-mi)radius,utilizingtheprojecteddemographyfortheyear2000.ThedemographicdataandtherealisticX/Qvalues(50-percentprobabilitylevel)thatwereusedintheseanalysescanbefoundinSections2.5.1and2.7,respectively.BoththedemographicdataandX/Qvalueswerebasedonthemostrecentinformationavailable,thusprovidingmorerepresentativeindividualandpopulationdoses.7.1.1IdentificationofDesignBasisAccidents7.1.1.1TrivialIncidents(Class1Accidents)TheseincidentsareincludedandevaluatedunderroutinereleaseinaccordancewithAppendixIto10CFR50andarediscussedinSection5.4.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7.1.1.2SmallReleasesOutsideContainment(Class2Accidents)Thesereleasesincludereleases,fromsmallspillsorleaksofradioactivematerialsoutsidethecontainment.ThesereleasesareincludedandevaluatedunderroutinereleasesinaccordancewithAppendixIto10CFR50andarediscussedinSection5.4.7.1.1.3RadwasteSystemFailures(Class3Accidents)7.1.1.3.1EquipmentLeakageorMalfunctionThesourcesforthiseventarethelargestradioactiveliquidandgasstoragetanks,whicharethephaseseparatortankandtheoff-gassystemcharcoaldelaybed,respectively.Theruptureofaphaseseparatortankwouldcausethereleaseof25percentofthemaximuminventoryoftheliquidtank.Thesourceofactivityforthetankisbasedonthereactorwatercleanupfilter/demineralizerbackwash.Thedurationoftheaccidentisassumedtobe2hr.Aruptureoftheoff-gassystemcharcoaldelaybedwouldcausethereleaseof25percentoftheaverageinven-toryonthebed.Thesourceofactivityforabedisbasedupontheexpectedreactorsteamactivities'heeffectivecharcoaldelaybedholduptimeforkryptonis41.5hrandforxenonis717.5hr.Thedurationoftheaccidentisas-sumedtobe2hr.7.1.1.3.2ReleaseofWasteGasStorageTankContentsThiseventissimilartothepreviousaccidentwiththeex-ceptionthat100percentofthecharcoalbedinventoryisreleasedtotheatmosphere.7.1.1.3.3ReleaseofLiquidWasteStorageTankContentsThiseventissimilartotheaccidentdescribedinSection7.1.1.3.1withtheexceptionthat100percentofthetankinventoryisspilledonthefloorofthebuilding.Apartitionfactorof0'02isusedforhalogensreleasedtotheatmosphere.7.1-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-'OLS7.1.1.4FissionProductstoPrimarySystem(Class4Accidents)7.1.1.4'FuelCladdingDefectsTheseeventsareincludedandevaluatedunderroutinereleasesinaccordancewithAppendixIto10CFR50andarediscussedinSection5.4.7'.1~4.2Off-DesignTransientsThatInduceFuelFailuresAboveThoseExpectedAnoff-designtransientispostulatedinducingfuelfailuresgreaterthanthoseexpected.Radioactivityisassumedtobecarriedtothecondenser.Arepresentativesourceisdefinedas0.02percentofthecoreinventoryofnoblegasesandhalogensreleasedtothereactorwater.Onepercentofthehalogensand100percentofthenoblegasesareassumedtobecarriedtothecondenser,whereallthegasesand10percentofthehalogensareavailableforleakagefromthe.condensertotheturbinebuildingat0.5percent/day.Theaccidentisas-sumedtocontinuefor24hr,afterwhichallradioactivereleasesareterminated.Allactivityreleasedduringtheaccidentisassumedtobereleasedfromtheturbinebuilding,withnocredittakenforholduporplateoutontheturbinebuildinginternalstruc-turesandnocredittakenforanelevatedrelease.7.1.1.5RefuelingAccidents(Class6Accidents)7.1.1.5.1FuelBundleDropOnefuelassemblyisassumedtobedroppedunderwaterduringrefueling,damagingonerowoffuelpins.Activityisreleasedfromtherodgapsofthedamagedpinsandtrans-portedtothereactorbuildingatmosphere.Releaseisthroughthestandbygastreatmentsystem(SGTS),duetothereactorbuildingventilationtime-delayduct,allowingreac-torbuildingisolationpriortoanyreleases.Arepresentativesourceisdefinedastheaveragerod-gapactivityforeightrodsaspredictedforeachisotope,as-suming1weekofdecayhastakenplace.Gapactivityisas-sumedtobe1percentofthetotalactivityinapin.Theactivityisreleasedunderwater,andtheretentionfactorofthewaterforiodineisassumedtobe500.Thereleasedac-tivityisconservativelyassumedtobeinstantaneously7.1-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSavailableinthecontainmentatmosphere.Theexhaustispassedthroughcharcoalfilterswhoseefficiencyisassumedtobe99percentforiodines.7.1.1.5.2HeavyObjectDropOntoFuelinCoreAheavyobjectisassumedtobedroppedontothexeactorcoreduringtherefuelingoperation,damagingtheequivalentofonecompletefuelassembly.Activityisreleasedfromtherodgapsofthedamagedpinsandtransportedtothereactorbuildingatmosphere.ReleaseisthroughtheSGTS,duetothereactorbuildingventilationtime-delayduct,al-lowingreactorbuildingisolationpriortoanyreleases.Arepresentativesourceisdefinedastheaveragerod-gapactivityforonefuelassemblyaspredictedforeachisotope,assuming100hrofdecayhavetakenplace.Theac-tivityrelease.mechanismis,asdescribedinSection7.1.1.5.1.7.1.1.6SpentFuelHandlingAccident(Class7Accidents)7.1.1.6.1FuelAssemblyDropinFuelStoragePoolThisisthesameasthefuelbundledropaccidentdiscussedinSection7.1.1.5.1,sincethereactorbuildingventilationtime-delayductallowsreactorbuildingisolationpriortoanyrelease.7.1.1.6.2HeavyObjectDropOntoFuelRackAheavyobjectisassumedtobedroppedontothespentfuelrack,damagingtheequivalentofonecompletefuelassembly.Activityisreleasedfromtherodgapsofthedamagedpinsandtransportedtothereactorbuildingatmosphere.ReleaseisthroughtheSGTScharcoalfilters.Arepresentativeactivityforoneisotope,assumingactivityreleaseSection7.1.1.5.1.sourceisdefinedastheaveragerod-gapfuelassemblyaspredictedforeach30days,ofdecayhavetakenplace.Themechanismisasdescribedin7.1.1.6.3FuelCaskDropOnefullyloadedfuelcaskisassumedtobedroppedduringvehicleloading,damagingtheequivalentof24fuelassemblies.Activityisreleasedfromtherodgapsofthedamagedpinsdirectlytotheenvironmentataveryhighrate.7.1-4 NineMilePoint,Unit2ER-OISArepresentativesourceisdefinedastheaveragenoblegasrod-gapactivityfor24fuelassembliesaspredictedforeachisotope,assuming120daysofdecayhavetakenplace.Noventilationsystemsorfiltersareconsideredinthereleasetotheenvironment.7.1.1.7AccidentInitiationEventsConsideredinDesignBasisEvaluationintheSafetyAnalysisReport(Class8Accidents)7.1.1.7.1Loss-of-CoolantAccidents7.1.1.7.1.1SmallPipeBreakAsaresultofapostulatedsmallpipebreakinsidetheprimarycontainment,100percentoftheexpectednoblegasandhalogenactivityinthesteamand100percentoftheex-pectedhalogenactivityinthewaterareassumedtobereleased.Thetotalprimarycoolantmassreleasesare275,736kg(608,000lb)ofwaterand11,791kg(26,000lb)ofsteam.Thisactivityisassumedtoleakfromtheprimarycontainmentatarateof1.1percentperday;thenitismixedwith50percent,ofthereactorbuildingvolume.ThetotalleakageisassumedtobereleasedthroughtheSGTScharcoalfilters,whicharepostulatedtobe99percentef-ficientforremovalofiodine.Also,thedosereductionduetoplateoutandthedecontaminationfactorinthesuppres-sionpoolisassumedtobe20percentforhalogens.ThedoseattheEABiscalculatedfora30-dayreleaseperiod.7.1.1.7.1.2LargePipeBreakTheassumptionsforapostulatedaccidentofalargepipebreakinsidetheprimarycontainment,aresimilartothosegiveninSection7.1.1.7.1.1,exceptthatanadditionalsourcecorrespondingto0.2percentofthecoreinventoryofiodinesandnoblegasesisassumedtobereleasedinstanta-neouslytotheprimarycontainment.Therepresentativesourceisdefinedas100percentoftheexpectednoblegasandhalogenactivityinthesteam,100percentoftheexpectedhalogenactivityinthewater,andanadditional0.2percentofthecoreinventoryofiodinesandnoblegases.Thesourceisassumedtobein-stantlyavailabletotheprimarycontainment,whichleaksat1.1percentperday.Thisactivityismixedwith50percentofthereactorbuildingvolume.Thetotalleakageisas-sumedtobereleasedthroughtheSGTScharcoalfilters,whichareassumedtobe99percentefficientforremovalofiodine.Thedosereductionduetoplateoutandthedecon-7.1-5 NineNilePoint.Unit2ER-OLStaminationfactorinthesuppressionpoolisassumedtobe20percentforhalogens.7.1.1.7.2BreakinInstrumentLinefromPrimarySystemThatPenetratesthePrimaryContainmentThiseventpostulatesthata0.64-cm(0'5-in)diameterin-strumentlinecarryingprimarycoolantrupturesinthereac-torbuilding.Theinventoryofthelineisbasedonex-pectedcoolantactivity.Thedosereductionduetoplateoutandmixingisassumedtobe10percent.ThetotalreleaseispurgedthroughtheSGTScharcoalfilters,whichareas-sumedtobe99percentefficientforremovalofiodine.7.1.1.7.3RodDropAccidentThiseventpostulatesthatacontrolrodisdroppedoutofthecore,resultinginatransientwhichinducesfuelfailure.Activity.isassumedtobecarriedtothecondenser,wherecondenserleakageisreleasedtothetur-binebuildingandsubsequentlytotheatmosphere.Arepresentativesourceisdefinedas0.025percentofthecoreinventoryofnoblegasesandhalogensreleasedtothereactorwater.Onepercentofthehalogensand100percentofthenoblegasesareassumedtobecarriedtothecondenser,whereallthenoblegasesand10percentofthehalogensareavailableforleakagefromthecondensertotheenvironmentviatheturbinebuildingat0.5percentperday,for1day,withnocredittakenforholduporplateoutontheturbinebuildinginternalstructures.7.1.1.7.4SteamLineBreaks7.1.1.7.4.1SmallPipeBreakThiseventispostulatedasasuddenandcompleteseveranceofasmall(0.023-sqm[0.25-sqft])steamlineinthetur-binebuilding.Asaresult,anintegratedquantityof4.9xl0~kg(1.07x10"lb)ofsteamisreleased.There-presentativesourcehasbeendefinedas10percentoftheexpectedhalogenactivityinthereactorcoolantand100percentoftheexpectednoblegasactivityinthereac-torsteam.Thehalogensandnoblegasesarereleasedtotheenvironmentthroughthemainstackviatheturbinebuildingventilationsystem,whichhasnocharcoalfiltration.7.1-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7.1.1.7.4.2LargePipeBreakThiseventispostulatedasthesudden,completeseveranceofamainsteamlineintheturbinebuilding.Theisolationsignalisexpectedtooccurwithin0.5secafterthebreak,andanadditional5secareassumedforeffectingfullclosureofthemainsteamisolationvalve.Duringthis5.5-secperiod,anintegratedquantityof4.1xl04kg(9.13x10"lb)ofwaterand7.1x10kg(1.56xlOlb)ofsteamareestimatedtobereleasedintheturbinebuilding.Therepresentativesourcehasbeendefinedas100percentoftheexpectednoblegasactivityinthereactorsteamand50percentofthehalogensinthefluidexitingthebreak.Thehalogensandnoblegasesarereleasedtotheenvironmentviatheturbinebuildingblowoutpanels.7.1.2Discussionof.PlantAccidentsandMethodologyUsedtoCalculateDosesDosesarecalculatedforarepresentativeaccidentfromeachaccidentclassdefinedinESRPSection7.1.Calculationsofdosestoindividualsandthepopulationareperformedinac-cordancewiththemethodandassumptionsofESRPSection7.1andRegulatoryGuides1.3and1.145.PopulationdosesarecalculatedbyadjustingtheindividualdosesbyafactorthatincorporatespopulationdensityandX/Qvaluesforeachsector.7.1.2.1EstimatesofDosesforAccidentsAsummaryoftheradiologicaldosestoanindividualattheEABisprovidedinTable7.1-2.Foreachaccident,theresultantthyroid,beta,andgammadosesarelisted.7.1.2.2Man-RemValuesforAccidentsAsummaryofthepopulationdoseswithinan80-km(50-mi)radiusofUnit2isprovidedinTable7.1-3.Foreachaccident,theresultantthyroid,beta,andgammapopulationdosesarelisted.7.1.3Class9AccidentsAnalysisTheeffectofClass9accidentsatUnit2isanalyzedprobabilisticallybycomparingtheUnit2plantwithareferenceBWRplantforwhichafullanalysishasbeencompleted.ThereferenceBWRplantchosenforaccident/eventandsystemanalysesistheGrandGulf1(GG1)plant.ThereferenceBWRchosenforprimarycontainment7.1-7 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSanalysisistheLimerickplant,.TheconsequenceanalysisisplantandsitespecifictoUnit2.AnalysismethodsaresimilartothosepresentedintheGC1study(NUREG/CR-1659/4of4),NASH-1400.(NUREG-75/014),andtheLimerickprobabilisticriskassessment(DocketNos.50-352and50-353).Detailsoftheanalysis,results,andconclusionsarepresentedinAppendix7A.7.1-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7.1-1REACTORFACILITY-CLASSIFICATIONOFPOSTULATEDACCIDENTSANDOCCURRENCESClassDescritionTrivialincidentsSmallreleasesoutsidecontainmentRadwastesystemfailuresFissionproductstoprimarysystemRefuelingaccidentsA~cciden+ReleasesinaccordancewithAppendixIto10CFR50Spills,leaks,andpipebreaksEquipmentleakageormalfunction(includingoperatorerror)ReleaseofgasstoragetankcontentsReleaseofliquidstoragetankcontentsFuel-claddingdefectsOff-designtransientsthatinducefuelfailureFuelbundledropHeavyobjectdropontofuelincorePlanDesinAnalsesIncludedinnormalreleasesIncludedinnormaIreleases25percentofcharcoalbedactivity-2-hrreleaseperiod100percentofcharcoalbedactivity-2-hrreleaseperiod100percentofphaseseparatortankactivity-2-.hrreleaseperiodIncludedinnormalreleases0.02percentcoreinventoryreleasethroughcondenserleakage-24-hrreleaseperiodOnerowoffuelpinsat1-weekdecay-2-hrreleaseperiodOneassemblyat100-hrdecay-2-hrreleaseperiod1of2

NineHllePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7.1-1(Cont)ClassOescriionSpentfuelhandlingaccidentAccidentinitiationeventsconsideredindesignbasisevaluat.ioninthesafetyanalysisreportA~ccidec"FuelassemblydropinstoragepoolHeavyobjectdropontofuelrackFuelcaskdropLossofcoolantRoddropaccidentHainsteamlinebreakPlantDesinAnalsesOnerowoffuelpinsat1-weekdecay-2-hrreleaseperiodOneassemblyat30daysdecay-2-hrreleaseperiod24fuelassembliesat120daysdecay-2-hrreleaseperiodSmalIandlargebreak-30-dayreleaseperiod0.025percentcoreinventorywithreleasesthroughcondenserleakage-24-hrreleaseperiodSmallandlargebreak-2-hrreIeaseperiod+AsdefinedinESRPSection7.1.2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OISTABLE7.1-2SUMMARYOFRADIOLOGICAIDOSESATTHEEXCLUSIONAREABOUNDARYAccident10CFR100dosecriteriaThyroidDoseRem3.0+02*TotalBetaDoseRemTotalGammaDoseRem2.5+01EquipmentleakageormalfunctionLiquidGasReleaseofgasstoragetankReleaseofliquidstoragetankOff-designtran-sientsthatinducefuelfailureFuelbundledropHeavyobjectdropontofuelincoreFuelassemblydropinstoragepoolHeavyobjectdropontoruelrackFuelcaskdropLoss-of-coolant-SmallbreakLargebreakInstrumentlinebreakRoddropaccident2.30-039.18-037.22-049.38-099.25-089.38-091.01-089.32-092.02-032.35-089.05-048.50-078.75-043.5-033.40-061.43-043.32-085.43-073.32-081.64-082.31-043.92-105.15-055.29-101.79-043.35-061.05-034.2-031.34-052.05-041.94-082.86-071.94-087.27-097'6-061.03-097.60-052.04<<092.56-041of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7.1-2(Cont)AccidentMainsteamline-SmallbreakLargebreakThyroidDoseRem3.5-072.78-03TotalBetaDoseRem1~6-083.59-05TotalGammaDoseRem2.2-081.16"05*3.0+02=3.0xl0~2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7.1-3SUMMARYOFPOPULATIONDOSESWITHINAN80-KM(50-MI)RADIUS'AccidentRadwasteequipmentleakageormalfunction-GaseousLiquidReleaseofgasstoragetankReleaseofliquidstoragetankOff-designtran-sientsthatinducefuelfailureFuelbundledropHeavyobjectdropontofuelincoreFuelassemblydropinstoragepoolHeavyobjectdropontofuelrackFuelcaskdropZoss-of-coolant-SmallbreakLargebreakInstrumentlinebreakRoddropaccidentThyroidDoseman-Rem1.31+015.24+014.15+003.00-033.30-023.00-034.00-03F89-036.17+021.00-025'1+00TotalBetaDoseman-Rem5.00+00*4.86-032.00+012.00-028.20-011.20-021.93-011.20-026.00-031.32+001.22-041.58+011.88-041.03+00TotalGammaDoseman-Rem6.00+002.00-022.40+018.00-021.17+007.00-031.02-017.00-033.00-034.50-023.24-042.38+017.26-041.48+001of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7.1-3(Cont)AccidentMainsteamline-SmallbreakLargebreakThyroidDoseman-Rem1.20-011.59+01TotalBetaDoseman-Rem1.00-022.10-01TotalGammaDoseman-Rem1.00-027.00-02*5.00+00=5.00xlOoNOTES:1.BasedonU.S.populationprojectedfortheyear2000.2.Naturalbackgroundradiationis6.56+01mRem/yr.2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OIS7.2TRANSPORTATIONACCIDENTSThetransportationoffuelandwastestoandfromUnit2iswithinthescopeofparagraph(g)of10CFR51.20.TheexpectedenvironmentalriskforUnit2fallswithintheevaluationprovidedinSummaryTableS-4of10CFR51.7~21

APPENDIX7APROBABILISTICRISKANALYSIS

.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7APROBABILISTICRISKANALYSISTABLEOFCONTENTSSection7A.17A.1.17A~27A.2.17A.2.27A.2.37A.2.47A.2.57A.2.67A.2.77A.2.87A.2.97A.2.107A.2.117A.2.12TitleINTRODUCTIONGeneralApproachandScopeofAnalysisSYSTEMSANALYSISReactorProtectionSystemEmergencyACPowerSystemDCPowerSystemVaporSuppressionSystemHigh-PressureCoreSpraySystemReactorCoreIsolationCoolingSystemLow-PressureCoreSpraySystemAutomaticDepressurizationSystemLow-PressureCoolantInjectionResidualHeatRemovalSystemServiceWaterSystemSystemsAnalysisSummaryPacae7A.l-l7A.l-l7A.2-17A.2-27A.2-37A.2-37A.2-37A.2-47A.2-47A.2-57A.2-57A.2-57A.2-67A.2-67A.2-67A.37A.37A.37A.37A.37A.37A.37A.37A.37A.37A.37A.37A.3.1.2.3.3.1.3.2.3.3.3.4.3.5.3.6.3.7.3.8.3.9ACCIDENTSEQUENCESTransientEventTreeLOCAEventTreeAccidentSequenceSummarySequenceT>PQISequenceTz>PQISequenceT>PQESequenceTp3PQESequenceSISequenceT,QWSequenceTz~QWSequenceT>QUVSequenceTz>C7A.3-17A.3-17A.3-27A.3-47A.3-47A.3-47A.3-57A.3-57A.3-57A.3-67A.3-67A.3-67A.3-77A.47A.4.17A.57A.5.17A.5.2CONTAINMENTANALYSISContainmentEventTreeRELEASECATEGORIESDefinitionofReleaseCategoriesCombinedDominantAccidentSequenceProbabilities7A.4-17A.4-17A.5-17A.5-17A.5-2 NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7ATABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)Section7A.67A.6.17A.6.27A.6.37A.6'7A.6.4.17A.6.4'7A.6.57A.7TitleCONSEQUENCEANALYSISDescriptionoftheCRAC2ComputerCodeDiscussionofHealthandEconomicImpactsRiskDuetoExternalCausesLimitationsandSourcesofUncertaintiesLimitationsSourcesofUncertaintiesConclusionsREFERENCESPacae7A.6-17A.6-17A.6-37A.6-57A.6-67A.6-67A.6-77A.6-87A.7-17A-ii NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7ALISTOFTABIESTableNumberTitle7A.2-17A.3-17A.3-27A.3-37A.3-47A.4-17A.5-17A.6-17A.6-27A.6-37A.6-47A.6-57A.6-67A.6-77A.6-87A.6-9COMPARISONOFSYSTEMUNAVAIIABILITIESBETWEENUNIT2,PB2,ANDGG1ACCIDENTSEQUENCESYMBOLSSYSTEMSUCCESSCOMBINATIONSFORTRANSIENTSSYSTEMSUCCESSCOMBINATIONSFORLOCA'SCOMPARISONOFPREDICTEDCOREMELTFREQUENCIESCONTAINMENTFAILUREMODESYMBOLSDOMINANTCOREMELTACCIDENTSEQUENCEPROBABILITIESEXPOSUREIMPACTOFVARIOUSISOTOPESCRAC2DATASOURCESCRAC2COMPUTERCODEISOTOPESCRAC2RELEASEPARAMETERSCRAC2EVALUATIONSTRATEGIESCRAC2POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONDATACRAC2METEOROLOGICALBINDATASUMMARYCRAC2RESULTSENSITIVITIESCOMPARISONOFEARLYINJURYANDLATENTFATALITIESBETWEENUNIT2ANDOVERALLU.S.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7ALISTOFFIGURESFigureNumberTitle7A.3-17A~3-27A.4-17A.4-27A.6-17A.6-27A.6-37A.6-47A.6-57A.6-67A.6-77A.6-87A.6-97A.6-10UNIT2TRANSIENTEVENTTREELOCAEVENTTREEMARKIIPRIMARYCONTAINMENTCONTAINMENTEVENTTREEAREAMAPCRAC2CONSEQUENCEMODELSCHEMATICACUTEFATALITIESLATENTFATALITIESACUTEINJURIESTOTALCOST(1982DOLLARS)TOTALWHOLE-BODYMAN-REMACUTEFATALITIES-BWRCOMPARISONLATENTFATALITIES-BWRCOMPARISONCCDF'SCOMPARISONOFUNIT2VERSUSOVERALLU.S.MAN-CAUSEDFATALITIESRISK7A.6-11CCDFsCOMPARISONOFUNIT2VERSUSOVERALLU.S.NATURALLYOCCURRINGEVENTFATALITIESRISK7A.6-12CCDFsCOMPARISONOFUNIT2VERSUSOVERALLU.S.PROPERTYDAMAGERISK7A-iv NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7APROBABILISTICRISKANALYSIS(PRA)7A.1INTRODUCTIONThedesignandconstructionofUnit2hasincludedconsiderableefforttoproduceahighlyreliableandsafeplant.Thisisachievedthroughcorrect,design,manufacture,andinstallationofbasicplantstructuresandcomponents,withinthecontextofaneffectivequalityassuranceprogram.Similaremphasisisplacedontheoperationalaspectsintermsofdevelopingdetailedproceduresandprovidingforqualitytrainingofplantoperatingandmaintenancepersonnel.Intheveryunlikelyeventthatseriousaccidentsmightoccur,thestationisequippedwithacomplementofemergencysafetyfeaturesformitigatingtheeffectsandconsequencesofsuchaccidents.InthisappendixthepotentialenvironmentaleffectsofpostulatedaccidentsfrominternalinitatorsatUnit2areassessed.Theassessmentisdoneinariskanalysisformat.Thatis,theprobabilitiesofrealizingvariouslevelsofconsequencesfromawidespectrumofpossiblebutlowprobabilityaccidentsandassociatedenvironmentalconditionsareconsidered.Theintent.ofsuchananalysisistoproduceanassessmentwhichrealisticallyreflectstheenvironmentalriskfrompostulatedaccidentsandwhichisresponsivetotherecentinterimpolicystatementissuedbytheNRCregardingnuclearpowerplantaccidentassessmentsundertheNationalEnvironmentPolicyAct.7A.1.1GeneralApproachandScopeofAnalysisTheUnit2riskanalysisisperformedusingthemethodologypresentedinWASH-1400,ReactorSafetyStudy(RSS)'.InOctober1981,theRSSmethodologywasappliedtofourU.S.light-waterreactors(LWR),oneofwhichwasGrandGulf1(GG1).TheGG1resultsarepresentedinthefollowingreport:ReactorSafetyStudyMethodologyApplicationsProgram:GrandGulf1BWRPowerPlant(RSSMAP)'.GG1isaMARKIII/BWR6,whileUnit2usestheMARKII/BWR5design.Forthesafety-relatedsystems(includingreactorcoreisolationcooling(RCIC]),thedesignsareidentical,withtheexceptionofsomeimprovementsincertainsystemsatUnit2.Therefore,thesystemsanalysisandaccidentsequenceanalysispresentedintheReactorSafetyStudyMethodologyApplicationsProgramforGG1areusedforperformingtheUnit2analyses.Equipmentfailuredata, NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSoperatorfailuredata,andsimilarinformationaretakenfromWASH-1400unlessotherwisestated.RecentriskassessmentsclearlyindicatethattheriskfromLWRpowerplantsisdominatedbythesevereaccidents,~'.Sincetheobservationisbaseduponacomparativeevaluationratherthanuponabsoluteassessedrisk,itisapplicabletoanyparticularLWRpowerplant.Accordingly,thescopeofthepresentanalysisforUnit2emphasizesconsiderationofenvironmentaleffectsfrompostulatedsevereaccidents.TheoffsiteconsequencesofthespecifiedreleasesareevaluatedinthisstudyusingasimiliarcalculationalmechanismaswasusedinWASH-1400',buttheweatherdatafileandthepopulationdistributionsusedarespecifictothesite.Thetreatmentofevacuationintheanalysisalsoutilizespopulationmovementdatathathavebeendevelopedfromactualsitesurveystudies.Theparticularmethodologiesemployedinboththeaccidentfrequencydeterminationsandintheconsequenceassessmentportionsoftheanalysisarediscussedinmoredetailinthefollowingsections.Thecombinedriskassessmentresultsforallaccidentreleasecategoriesaredisplayedinprobabilisticformat.Theseresultsadoptmanyofthemeasuresofriskthatarecustomarilyusedinprobabilisticriskassessmentsofnuclearfacilities.7A.1-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7A.2SYSTEMSANALYSISInlieuofdevelopingdetailedfaulttreesforsafety-relatedsystems,Unit2systemsareanalyzedinthesamemannerastheGG1study;thatis,systemfailuresaredeter-minedbywritingtheBooleanequationforthesystemandthensubstitutingfailureratedataintotheequationstocalculatesystemunavailability.Thesametypesoffailuresasanalyzedinafaulttreeareanalyzedintabularformat.Thesetypesoffailuresare:1.Hardwarefailures.2.Maintenanceoutage.3.Valveplugged.4.Testingoutage.5.Initiatingcircuitfailure.ThefollowingaccidentcaseswerechosenforUnit2:1~Transientrequiringreactorscraminitiatedbythelossofoffsitepower,designatedtransientTz.2.Transientrequiringreactorscraminitiatedbythelossofthepowerconversionsystem(PCS)orreac-torscraminitiatedbyothercauses(exceptlossofoffsitepower)wherethePCSisinitiallyavailable,designated.transientTzz.Offsiteand/oronsiteemergencypowerisassumedtobeavailableduringTzz.3.Smallloss-of-coolantaccident(LOCA)wheretheequivalentleakdiameterislessthan34cm(13.5in),designatedSTIntheGG1studyandintheRSS,thesecasesweretheinitiatingeventsthatmostlycontributedtorisk;therefore,systemunavailabilitiesarecalculatedforthesecasesonly.Transients,notLOCAs,stronglydominatetheriskinBNRs.TheBooleanreductionofthetransientandLOCAeventtreesinthisstudycamedirectlyfromtheGG1study.IargeLOCAswereseveralordersofmagnitudelesssignificantthansmallLOCAsandtransients.7A.2-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThefollowingsafety-relatedsystemsareanalyzed:1.Reactorprotectionsystem(RPS).2.Emergencyacpowersystem(EPS).3.DCpowersystem(DCPS).4.Vaporsuppressionsystem(VSS).5.High-pressurecorespraysystem(HPCS).6.Reactorcoreisolationcoolingsystem(RCIC)~7.Low-pressurecorespraysystem(LPCS).8.Automaticdepressurizationsystem(ADS).9.Low-pressurecoolantinjectionsystem(LPCI).10.Residualheatremovalsystem(RHR).11.Servicewatersystem(SW).Abriefsystemdescriptionispresentedinthefollowingparagraphs.Table7A.2-1providesalistingofthecal-culatedsystemunavailabilitiesforUnit,2.7A.2.1ReactorProtectionSystemTheRPSconsistsoftwosubsystems:thereactorprotectionsystemlogic(RPSL)andthecontrolroddrive(CRD)system.TheRPSLmonitorsvariousplantparametersandsystemsstatusandinitiatesareactorscramifpredeterminedvaluesarereached.WhenascramisinitiatedbytheRPS,theCRDsysteminsertsnegativereactivitynecessarytoshutdownthereactor.Eachcontrolrodisindividuallycontrolledbyahydrauliccontrolunit(HCU).Whenascramsignalisreceived,high-pressurewaterstoredinanaccumulatorintheHCUorreactorpressureforcesthecontrolrodintothecore.CompletedescriptionsofthesesubsystemsareprovidedinFSARSections7.1.3and3.9.4/4.6,respectively.7A.2-2 NineMilePointUnit;2ER-OLS7A.2.2EmergencyACPowerSystemAstandbypowersupplysystemisprovidedfortheoperationofemergencysystemsandengineeredsafetyfeatures(ESF)duringandfollowingtheshutdownofthereactorwhenthepreferredpowersupplyisnotavailable.Thestandbypowersupplysystemconsistsofthreestandbydieselgenerators.Onegeneratorisdedicatedtoeachofthethreedivisionsofthesafety-relatedelectricpowerdistributionsystemfeedingeachClass1Eloadgroup.Anytwoofthethreestandbydieselgeneratorshavesufficientcapacitytostart,andacceleratetoratedspeed,allneededESFsandemergencyshutdownloadsincaseofaLOCAand/orlossofoffsitepower.Thestandbydieselgeneratorfueloilstoragetanksaresizedtoholda7-daysupplyoffueloilbasedontheenginerunningcontinuouslyatfullload.ALOCAand/orlossofoffsitepowersignalinitiatesstartofthestandbydieselgeneratorsandthegeneratorspickuptheloadsinaprogrammedsequence.Standbydieselgeneratorsareindepen-dentandfeedseparateloadgroupsthroughseparatephys-icallyandelectricallyisolateddistributionsystems.AfulldescriptionoftheEPSisprovidedinFSARSection8.3.1.7A.2.3DCPowerSystemA125-Vemergencydcpowersystemfeedsallsafety-relateddcprotection,controlandinstrumentationloads,andsafety-relateddcmotorsundernormaloperationoftheplantaswellasduringemergencyconditions.Thesystemisdividedintothreeredundantdivisionseachconsistingofitsownbattery,primaryandbackupbatterychargers,switchgears/motorcontrolcenters,anddistributionpanels.Eachdivisionfeedsdcloadsassociatedwithcorrespondingdivisionsofthesafety-relatedelectricpowerdistributionsystem.Batteriesandbatterychargersareredundantandfeedseparateloadgroupsthroughseparateandisolateddis-tributionsystems.AcompletedescriptionofthedcpowersystemisprovidedinFSARSection8.3.2.7A;2.4VaporSuppressionSystemTheVSSconsistsoftheprimarycontainmentstructure,thedowncomerpipingfromthedrywellairspacetothesuppres-sionpool,andthecontainmentspraysystem.

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTheprimarycontainmentstructureisasteel-lined,rein-forcedconcretestructureconsistingofaconicaldrywellchamberaboveacylindricalsuppressionpoolchamberseparatedbyadrywellfloor.Thedowncomerpipingsystemconsistingof12225-cm(10-in)diameterpipespenetratethedrywellflooranddirectsteamemittedfromaLOCAintothesuppressionpoolresevoirwhereitisquenched.Thecon-tainmentspraysystemconsistsoftworedundantsubsystems,eachwithitsownfull-capacitysprayheader.Eachsub-systemissuppliedfromaseparate,redundantRHRloop.AcompletedescriptionoftheVSSisprovidedinFSARSection6'.7A.2.5High-PressureCoreSpraySystemTheHPCSsystemprovidesandmaintainsanadequatecoolantinventoryinsidethereactorpressurevessel(RPV)tolimitfuelcladdingtemperaturesintheeventofa.LOCA.Thesys-temisinitiatedbyeitherhighpressureinthedrywellorlowwaterlevelinthevessel,andpumpswaterfromthecon-densatestoragetanks(preferredsource)orthesuppressionpool(backupsource)directlyintotheRPVviaanelec-tricallydrivenpump.Itoperatesindependentlyofallothersystemsovertheentirerangeofpressuredifferencesfromgreaterthannormaloperatingpressuretozero.TheHPCScoolingdecreasesvesselpressuretoenablethelow-pressurecoolingsystemstofunction.TheHPCSsystempumpmotorispoweredbyadedicatedonsitedieselgeneratorifoffsitepowerisnotavailable.ThesystemmayalsobeusedasabackupfortheRCICsystem.0AcompletedescriptionoftheHPCSsystemisprovidedinFSARSection6.3.7A.2.6ReactorCoreIsolationCoolingSystemTheRCICsystemprovidesmakeupwatertotheRPVfromthecondensatestoragetanks(preferred)onthesuppressionpool(backup)whenthevesselisisolated.TheRCICsystemusesasteam-driventurbine-pumpunitandautomaticallyoperatestomaintainadequatewaterlevelintheRPV.AcompletedescriptionoftheRCICsystemisprovidedinFSARSection5.4.6.7A.2-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7A.2.7Low-PressureCoreSpraySystemTheLPCSsystemconsistsofoneindependentpumpandvalvesandpipingtodelivercoolingwaterfromthesuppressionpooltoasprayspargeroverthecore.Thesystemisac-tuatedbyeitherlowwaterlevelintheRPVorhighpressureinthedrywell,butwaterisdeliveredtothecoreonlyaf-terRPVpressureisreduced.Thissystemprovidesthecapabilitytocoolthefuelbysprayingwaterintoeachfuelchannel.TheLPCSloopfunctioninginconjunctionwiththeADSorHPCScanprovidesufficientfuelcladdingcoolingfollowingaLOCA.AcompletedescriptionoftheLPCSsystemisprovidedinFSARSection6.3.7A.2.8AutomaticDepressurizationSystemTheADSrapidlyreducesRPVpressureinaLOCAsituationinwhichtheHPCSsystemfailstomaintaintheRPVwaterlevel.Thedepressurizationprovidedbythesystemenablesthelow-pressureemergencycorecoolingsystem(ECCS)todelivercoolingwatertotheRPV.TheADSusessomeofthereliefvalvesthatarepartofthenuclearsyst:empressurereliefsystem.Theautomaticreliefvalvesarearrangedtoopenonconditionsindicatingboththatabreakinthereactorcoolantpressureboundary(RCPB)hasoccurredandthattheHPCSsystemisnot,deliveringsufficent,coolingwatertotheRPVtomaintainthewaterlevelaboveapreselectedvalue.TheADSisnotactiviatedunlesseithertheLPCSorLPCIpumpsareoperating.Thisistoensurethatadecpxatemakeupcoolantisavailableforcoredeliverypriortoallowingcoolantlossthroughthereliefvalves.AcompletedescriptionoftheADSisprovidedinFSARSections5.4.13and6.3.7A.2.9Low-PressureCoolantInjectionLPCIisanoperatingmodeoftheRHRsystem,butisdiscussedherebecausetheLPCImodeactsasanESFincon-junctionwiththeotherECCSs.LPCIusesthepumploopsoftheRHRtoinjectcoolingwaterintotheRPVfromthesup-pressionpool.LPCIisactuatedbyeitherlowwaterlevelintheRPVorhighpressureinthedrywell,butwaterisdeliveredtothecoreonlyafterRPVpressureisreduced.LPCIoperationprovidesthecapabilityofcorereflooding,followingaLOCA,intimetomaintainthefuelcladdingbelowtheprescribedtemperaturelimit.

NineMilePoint,Unit.2ER-OLSAcompletedescriptionoftheLPCIoperatingmodeoftheRHRsystemisprovidedinFSARSections5.4.7and6.3.7A.2.10ResidualHeat,RemovalSystemTheRHRsystemisasystemofpumps,heatexchangers,andpipingthatfulfillsthefollowingfunctions:1.Removesdecayandsensibleheat.duringandafterplantshutdown.2.InjectswaterintotheRPVfollowingaLOCAtore-floodthecoreindependentlyofothercorecoolingsystems.3.RemovesheatfromthecontainmentfollowingaLOCA,tolimittheincreaseincontainmentpressure.Thisisaccomplishedbycoolingandrecirculatingthesuppressionpoolwater(containmentcooling)andbysprayingthedrywellandsuppressionpoolairspaces(containmentspray)withsuppressionpoolwater.AcompletedescriptionoftheRHRsystem,isprovidedinFSARSections5.4.7and6.3.7A.2.11ServiceWaterSystemTheSWsystem'rovidescoolingwatertovariousessentialandnonessentialcomponentsthroughouttheplant.Essentialcomponentsareservicedbytwo100-percentredundantsubsystems.ThenonessentialcomponentswillbeautomaticallyisolateduponreceiptofaLOCAsignalcoin-cidentwithalossofoffsitepower.TheSWpumpstaketheirsuctionfromLakeOntarioviathescreenwellcomplexandintaketunnels.Afterpassingthroughthesystem,thedischargeisreturnedtothelakeandtothecirculatingwatersystemasmakeup.AcompletedescriptionoftheSWsystemisprovidedinFSARSection9.2.1.7A.2.12SystemsAnalysisSummaryTable7A.2-1showsacomparisonbetweenUnit,2andPeachBottom2(PB2)(RSS)forthosesystemsanalyzedinSections7A.2.1through7A.2.11.ThePB2valuesaremedianunavailabilitiescomputedusingaMonteCarlostatisticalsimulation.TheUnit2andGG1valuesarepointestimates7A.2-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSofunavailabilitiescomputedfordifferentinitiatingevents,i.e.,LOCA(S)andtransients(TqandTzz).ThesystemunavailabilitiespresentedinTable7A.2-1representindependentunavailabilitiesbecausesystemin-teractionsarenotrepresented.Toproperlyanalyzeunavailability,theinteractionsandsystemsuccessesmustbefactoredintotheproblem,whichisdoneinSection7A.3,wheretheeventsequenceprobabilitiesaredeveloped.ThesystemsuccessandfailureBooleanequations,notthenumericalsystemunavailabilityvalues,areproperlycom-binedaccordingtothelawsofBooleanalgebra.However,computingthenumericalvaluesdoesprovideanindicationofwhatdominatesthesystemunavailability.7A.2>>7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A2-1COMPARISONOFSYSTEMUNAVAILABILITIESBETWEENUNIT2,PB2,ANDGGl~SstemRPSEPS~<~DCPSVSSHPCS/HPCIRCICLPCS/CSISADSI,PCIRHR/LPCRS~z>MedianUnavailabilityPB2fromRSS1.3x10-s1x10-+1x10-zLargeLOCA4.6x10-sSmallLOCA1.6x10-zHPCI9.8xlo-z8x10-zCSIS(oneloop)6x10-zCSIS(bothloops)9-Sx10-iSx10-315xl0-zLPCRS12x10-iGG1UnavailabilitRPS(SgTzz)77x10RPS(Ta)5Sx10-+6x10-51x10-38Ox10HPCS(S)22x10-zHPCS(Tg)3.3xlO-zHPCS(Tz3)2.2x10-z52x10-zLPCS(S,T>>)2.2x10-zLPCS(Tg)3.5x10-zADS(S)Sx10-zADS(Ti,Tzz)1Sx10-3LPCIA,B(S)28x10-zLPCIAtB(Ta)41x10-zLPCIA,B(Tz3)2-8x10LPCIC(S)23x10-zLPCIC(Ti)3.6x10-zLPCIC(Tz3)23x10-zRHR(S)3Ox10->RHR(Tz,Tz3)2.7x10Unit2Unavailabi~litRPS(SiTz3)7~7x10-+RPS(Tx)5.8x10-+5.0xl0-~1x10-35.Sx10-sHPCS(S)4.Ox10-zHPCS(T<)4-Ox10-zHPCS(Tzz)38x10-z6.7x10-zLPCS(S,Tg,Tzz)3.6x10-zADS(S)5x10-*MS(TgiTz3)1~5x10LPCIA,B(S)3.1x10-zLPCIA,B(Ta)3.lx10-zLPCIAiB(Tz3)28x10LPCIC(S)2.6x10-zLPCIC(Ta)2.6x10-zLPCIC(Tz3)2.3x10-zRHR(S)43x10RHR(TgiTz3)8Sx10-+1of2

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A2-1(Cont)~satanMedianUnavailabilityPB2fromRSSGG1UnavailabilitUnit2Unava~ilabilitServiceWater/HPSWS(30min)4.3x10-~HPSMSandESWS<>>HPSWS(25hr)1.1x10-~ESWS12x10-iSSWA,B(S)22x10SSMA,B(T~)2.3x10-zSSWA,B(Tzz)?2x10-zSSWC(S)1Sx10-zSSWC(Ta)16xl0-zSSWC(Tzz)1.5x10-zSWA,B(S)5.5x10-zSWA,B(Tz)2.7x10->SWAgB(Tzz)2.7x10-z<<>Allunavailabilitiesshownareonaperreactor-yearbasis.<<~Thisunavailabilityrepresentstotallossofacpower(offsiteandonsite).TheUnit2calcula-tionoftotallossofacpoweris:Ti*EPS1+EPS2*EPS3=(5U9x10-z)+(4.8x10-z)*(4.8x10-z)+(3.7x10-z)=5Ox10-~<>>ThePB2valueofLPCRSiscompletelydominatedbyfailuretocooltheCSISandLPCIpumprooms,whichiscausedbyESWSfailures.<~~ThecombinedUnit2servicewaterunavailabilityis:(2.7x10-z)+(2.7x10-z)=7.3x10-~fortran-sientsand(5.5x10-z)*(5.5x10-z)=3.0x10-5forLOCAs.KEY:CSISLPCIAUBUCLPCRSSSWAUBUCSWAUBHPSMSESWSCoresprayinjectionsystemLPCIloopsA,E,orCLow-pressurecoolantrecirculationsystemStandbyservicewaterloopA,B,orCServicewaterloopAorBHigh-pressureservicewatersystemEmergencyservicewatersystem2of2

NineMileMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7A.3ACCIDENTSEQUENCESAccidentsareanalyzedusingtheeventtreemethodologypresentedintheRSS.SeparateeventtreesaredevelopedfortransientsandLOCAs.Theeventtreemethodshows,inalogicalmanner,whicheventsequencesleadtocoremeltandwhichsequencesresultinanadequatelycooledcore.Eventsequencesaredefinedascombinationsofrequiredsystemoperationsinwhichoneormoresystemsfailtoperformasdesignedtoprotectthecore.SymbolsforeventtreesinthissectionarelistedinTable7A~3-1.7A.3.1TransientEventTreeThetransientevent,treeforUnit2isshownonFigure7A.3-1.Transientsconsideredarethosethat,areanticipated,arenotLOCA-induced,andrequireprompt,reactorshutdown.Functionsrequiredtomitigatetheeffectsofthesetransientsare:1.Thereactormustberapidlyb'roughttoasubcriticalcondition.2.ReactorcoolantsystempressuremustbecontrolledandkeptfromexceedingavaluethatwouldfailtheRCPB.3.RPVlevelmustbemaintainedabovethetopoftheactivefuelbundles.4.Coredecayheatmustbetransferredtotheultimateheatsink(UHS).Systemoperations(orcombinationsofsystems)thatperformthesefunctionsarethecolumnheadingsoftheeventtreeandaredescribedasfollows:TheRPSpromptlyrendersthereactorsubcritical,ifitfunctionsproperly,byrapidlyinsertingallcontrolrodsintothecore.Subcriticalitycanalsobeeffectedbyuseofalternativeshutdownsystems,suchasrecirculationpumptrip(RPT),initiationofpoisoninjection(standbyliquidcontrol[SLC]system),andal'ternaterodinsertion.Thesealternativefunctionsareactuatedmanually..Collectively,thesefunctions,asinstalledatUnit2,arereferredtoasATWSMod2A.2.Thesafety/reliefvalves(SRVs)performthepressurecontrolfunction.Boththeopeningofthe7A.3-1 NineMileMilePointUnit2ER-OLSvalvesathighpressureandtheproperreseatingofvalvesareconsideredintheanalysis.3.Severalsystemsprovidemakeupwatertothecoreafteratransient.Thelow-pressuresystemsrequirethattheADSfunctionsproperlyinordertolowerRPVpressureandallowdeliverytothecore.Systemsdesignatedascoremakeupsystemsare:a.PCS(consistingoffeedwaterandcondensate)b.HPCSc.RCICd.LPCSe.LPCI4.ThePCSortheRHRsystem,inconjunctionwiththeSWsystem,mustfunctiontoremovedecayheatfromthecoreandtransferittotheUHS(LakeOntario).SystemsrequiredtoperformsuccessfullyduringatransientaresummarizedinTable7A.3-2.7A.3.2LOCAEventTreeTheLOCAeventtreeforUnit2isshownonFigure7A.3-2.FunctionsrequiredtomitigatetheeffectsofaLOCAare:1.Thereactormustberapidlybroughttoasubcriticalcondition.2.Thecoremustbekeptcoveredandcooled.3.Overpressurizationofthecontainmentmustbeprevented.4.Radioactivematerialmustbepreventedfromescapingtotheenvironment.Systemsthatperformthesefunctionsarethecolumnheadingsoftheeventtreeandareasfollows:1~TheRPSorATWSMod2Acomponentspromptlyrenderthereactorsubcritical.7A.3-2 NineNileNilePointUnit2ER-OLSSeveralsystemsareavailabletomakeupcoreinventorylostthroughaleak:HPCS,RCIC,LPCS,andLPCI.Forsmallleaks,ADSisnecessarytodepressurizetheRPVinordertoallowLPCSand/orLPCIoperation.Forlargeleaks,theRPVwilldepressurizethroughtheleakagepathandtheADSisnotrequired.AlthoughRCICisnotanECCS,itiseffectiveinprovidingmakeupwaterduringsmallLOCAsandcreditistakenforitsoperationandaccountismadeforitsfailuretooperateoverthewholespectrumofsmallLOCAs(upto34-cm[13.5-in]equivalentdiameter).TheRSSassumedcreditforRCIConlyupto5-cm(2-in)diameterleaks.IntheGGlstudy(BWR6),creditwastakenforRCICduringallsmallLOCAs,andthedifferenceinfinaloverallcoremeltprobabilitywaslessthan1percent.Therefore,creditfor.RCICduringallsmallLOCAsisassumedforUnit2.NocreditforthePCSistakenforinjectionorlong-termcooling,becausethePCSmaybeisolatedbymainsteamisolationvalve(MSIV)closureattheoutsetoftheaccident.Inaddition,themanualactionsrequiredtorecoverPCSrendersitinoperableduringtheinitialstagesoftheaccident.3.TheVSSisexpectedtoquenchsteamemittedfromthereactorcoolantsystemthroughout,aLOCA.FailureoftheVSStoperformthisfunctioncouldeventuallycompromisecontainmentintegrity.Astheeventprogresses,thesuppressionpoolwillheatup,requiringtheRHRand'Wsystemstofunctiontoremoveheatinthesuppressionpoolcoolingmodeorcontainmentspraymode.TheVSSalsoplaysanimportantroleinlimitingtheemissionofradioactivematerialtotheenvironment.Assteamiscondensedinthesuppressionpool,radioactivematerialisdepositedinthepool.Also,thecontainmentspraymodeoftheRHRsystemscrubsradioactivityfromthecontainmentatmosphere.SuccessfulcontainmentsprayrequiressuccessfulRHRsystemoperation.SystemsrequiredtosuccessfullyoperatearesummarizedinTable7A.3-3.7A.3-3 NineMileMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7A.3.3AccidentSequenceSummaryThefollowingsectionsprovideashortdescriptionandtheprobabilityforeachdominantaccidentsequenceforUnit2.7A.3.3.1SequenceT,PQIThissequenceisinitiatedbyalossofoffsitepowerfollowedbyanSRVfailingtoreseat,afailureofthePCS,andafailureoftheRHRsystemtoremovedecayheat.WhenanSRVfailstoreseat,thesuppressionpoolwillheatupduetotheconstantdepositionofcoredecayheatinthepool.FailureoftheRHRsystemtoremovethisheatwilleventuallyoverpressurizethecontainment.RecoveryofthePCSrequirestherecoveryofoffsitepower.TermsLOPNRSandLOPNRLreflectthefailuretoaccomplishthiswithin28hr.Sincelong-termfailuresarerequiredtocausecoremeltinthissequence,arecoveryfactorisappliedtoallcut,sets,whichaccountsforplantpersonnelattemptingtorestoreorrepaircriticalequipmentortotakeotherpossiblecorrectiveactionstomitigatetheevent.Themostprobablecutsetsaredominatedbytheinabilitytorecoveroffsitepower,failureofonsiteemergencypower,andRHRsystemhardwarefaults.TheprobabilityofoccurrenceforsequenceT>PQIis5.8x10/reactor-year.7A.3.3.2SequenceTz>PQIThissequenceisinitiatedbyaTzztransient,followedbythesamefailuresasT,PQI.ThesamerecoveryfactorusedinsequenceT>PQIisappliedinsequenceTz>PQI.ThemostprobablecutsetsaredominatedbyfailureofthePCStoremovedecayheatlongterm(evenwithacpoweravailable)andvalvefailuresintheRHRsystemthatpreventthesuppressionpoolfrombeingcooled.TheprobabilityofoccurrenceofsequenceTz>PQIis3.2xl0~/reactor-year.7A.3-4 NineMileMilePointUnit;2ER-OLS7A.3.3.3SequenceT,PQEThissequenceisinitiatedbyalossofoffsitepower,followedbyanSRVfailingtoreseat,afailureofPCS(duetounavailabilityofacpower),andafailure,ofcoremakeup(ECCS)systemstodeliverwatertotheRPV.CoremakeupcanbeaccomplishedbyHPCS,RCIC,LPCS,ortwoofthreeLPCIloops.LPCSandLPCIrequireADSoperationtolowerRPVpressure.ItisassumedthatthetransientdoesnotautomaticallyinitiateADS;therefore,theoperatormust,performthisaction.FailuretomakeupwatertotheRPVwithastuck-openreliefvalvewillquicklyleadtocoremelt.ThePCSwillbeinterruptedshortlyafterthesequencedevelops,whentheMSIVscloseonlowRPVlevelorlowsteampressure.NocreditistakenforPCSprovidingcoremakeupbecauseoftherelativelylongperiodoftimerequiredtorestorethesteam,feedwater,andcondensatesystemstooperation.Sincethissequenceisnotlongterm,therecoveryfactorisnotincluded.ThemostprobablecutsetsaredominatedbyRCICandHPCShardwarefaults,acpower.unavailability,andoperatorfailuretoactuateADS.TheprobabilityofoccurrenceofsequenceT>PQEis2.4x10'/reactor-year.7A.3.3.4SequenceTz>PQEThissequenceisinitiatedbyaT+3transientfollowedbythesamefailuresassequenceT>PQE.ThemostprobablecutsetsaredominatedbyHPCSandRCIChardware(mechanicalandelectrical)faultsandthefailureoftheoperatortomanuallyinitiatetheADS.TheprobabilityofoccurrenceofsequenceTz>PQEis2.1xl06/reactor-year.7A.3.3.SSequenceSIThissequenceisinitiatedbyasmallLOCAfollowedbyafailureoftheRHRsystemtoremovedecayheatfromthesuppressionpool.Failuretocoolthepoolwilleventuallycausecontainmentfailureduetooverpressure.NocreditforthePCSistakeninthissequencebecauseitisassumedthattheMSIVswillbeshutduringtheaccident.Sincethis7A.3-5 NineMileMilePointUnit2ER-OjSisalong-termsequence,therecoveryfactorforlong-termcoolingisincorporated.ThemostprobablecutsetsaredominatedbyRHRhardwarefaultsandSWloopBhardwarefaults.TheprobabilityofoccurrenceofsequenceSIis1.0xl0/reactor-year.7A.3.3.6SequenceT,QWThissequenceisinitiatedbyalossofoffsitepower,followedbytheunavailabilityofthePCSandRHRsystem.Failuretoremovedecayheatfromthesuppressionpoolwithinabout28hrwilleventuallycausecontainment,failureduetooverpressure.SuccessfuloperationofeitherthePCSorRHR'ystemwillrequireacpower(offsitepowertooperatethePCS).Thisisreflectedinthecutsets.Sincethissequenceinvolveslong-termfailures,therecoveryfactorisappliedtoeachcutset.Themostprobablecut,setsaredominatedbyacpowersystemfailuresandRHRsystemvalvefailures.TheprobabilityofoccurrenceofsequenceTzQWis3.5xlO~/reactor-year.7A.3.3.7SequenceT>zQWThissequenceisinitiatedbyaTz>transientandisfollowedbythesamefailuresassequenceTzQW.Sinceacpowerisavailable,otherfailureswithinthePCSmustcauseitsunavailability.ThisisaccountedforbythetermQinthecutsets.Also,thisisalong-.termfailuresequence;therefore,therecoveryfactorhasbeenincluded.Themostprobablecutsetsunavailability,RHRsystemvalvehardwarefailures.aredominatedbyPCSfailures,andSWloopTheprobabilityofoccurrenceofsequenceTQ3QWisl.lxlO~/reactor-year.7A.3.3.8SequenceT>QUVThissequenceisinitiatedbyalossofoffsitepowerfollowedbytheunavailabilityofthePCSandafailureofthehigh-pressureandlow-pressurecoremakeupsystemstodeliverwatertotheRPV.Failuretokeepthecorecoveredwillquicklyleadtocoremeltandcontainmentfailuredue7A.3-6 Nine'MileMilePointUnit2ER-OLStooverpressure"-orhydrog'enburning.CreditisnottakenforthePCSbecauseitisassumedthatoffsitepowercannotberestoredwithin1/2hr.Successfullow-pressuremakeupdependsupontheoperator'anuallyactuatingtheADS,becauseitisassumedthatsystemparametersdonotreachautomaticADSsetpoints.Thisisashort-termsequence;therefore,norecoveryfactorisincluded.Themostprobablecutsetsaredominatedbyfailuretorecoveroffsitepowerwithin1/2hr,dieselfailures,operatorfailuretomanuallyactuatetheADS,andHPCS/RCIChardwarefailures.TheprobabilityofoccurrenceofsequenceT,QUVis3.1xlO~/reactor-year.7A.3.3.9SequenceTz~CThissequenceisinitiatedbyaTzztransientfollowedbyafailuretoachievereactorsubcriticality.FailureoftheRPSandtheoperatorisexpectedtoleavereactorpowerlowinthe.powerrange.TheSRVswilllifttorejectheattothesuppressionpool;however,thisheat,loadisbeyondtheheatremovalcapabilityoftheRHRsystemandwillcausecontainmentfailureduetooverpressure.ItisassumedECCSpumpswillcavitateandfailduetosuppressionpoolboiling,whichwillleadtocoremelt.TheprobabilityofoccurrenceofsequenceTzzCis5.4x10/reactor-year.ThefollowingisasummaryofUnit2dominantaccidentsequenceprobabilities:TiPQITpsPQITgPQETpsPQESITgQWTzsQWT,QUVTppC5.8xlO-zo3.2x102.4x102.1x1061.0xlO3.5xlOl.lxlO3.1xlO5.4x10Totalcoremeltfrequencyis2.4xlOTable7A.3-4providesacomparisonofpredictedcoremeltfrequenciesbetweenUnit2andseveralotherBWRs.7A.3-7 NineMileMilePointUnit2ER-OISTheprecedingsequenceprobabilituesarecombinedwiththecontainmentfailuremodeprobabilitiesdevelopedinSection7A.4toproducetheBWRreleasecategoryprobabilitiesforUnit2inSection7A.5.7A.3-8 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OZSTABLE7A.3-1ACCIDENTSEQUENCESYMBOLSInitiatinEventsT,=Lossofoffsitepower-inducedtransientTp3AnyothertransientrequiringreactorscramS=SmallLOCA(breakdiameter<34cm(13.5in)SstemComonentandFunctionalFailuresC=FailuretomakethereactorsubcriticalD=FailureoftheVSSE=FailuretokeepthecorecoveredI=FailureofRHRafterLOCA(includingtransient-inducedLOCA)M=FailureofSRVstoopenFailureofSRVstoreseatFailureofthePCSFailureofHPCSandRCICFailureoflow-pressureECCStoprovidecoremakeupFailureofRHRaftertransient 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.3-2SYSTEMSUCCESSCOMBINATIONSFORTRANSIENTSReactorSubcriticalitRPSinsertsaIIcontrolrodsrapidlyORATWSMod2Asystemsfunctiontoshutdownthereactor(alternaterodinsertion,recircula-tionpumptrip,automaticpoisoninjection)OverpressureProectionSRVsopenathigh-pressuresetpointandrecloseproperlyatreseatsetpointCoreM~akeePCSORHPCSORRCISORDecayHeatRemovalPCSORRHRloopAandSWloopAinsuppressionpoolcoolingmodeORADSANDLPCSORADSAND2of3LPCIloopsRHRIoopAANDSWloopAinsteamcondensingmodeORRHRloopBANDSWloop8insuppressionpoolcoolingmodeORRHRloop8andSWloop8insteamcondensing.mode

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.3-3SYSTEMSUCCESSCOMBINATIONSFORLOCA'SLOCASizeGreaterthan34cm(13.5in)largeLOCAReactorSubcriicalitRPSORATWSMod2AcomponentsCore~MakeuHPCSORLPCSORAII3LPCIloopsEarlyContainmentOverpressureProecionVSSLong-TermContainmentOverpressureProectionRHRloopA~ADSWloopAinsuppressionpoolcoolingmodeorspraymodeORRHRloop8ANDSWloopBinsuppressionpoolcoolingmodeorspraymodePost-AccidentRadioactivityRemovalVSS(includingcontainmentsprays)Lessthan34cm(13.5in)smallLOCARPSATWSMod2AcomponentsRCICORHPCSORADSANDLPCSORADSAND2of3LPCIloopsVSSRHRloopAAttDSWloopAinsuppressionpoolcoolingmodeorspraymodeORRHRloopBANDSWloopBinsuppressionpoolcoolingmodeorspraymode1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.3-4COMPARISONOFPREDICTEDCOREMELTFREQUENCIESBWRPlantPeachBottom2(BWR4/MKI)BigRockPoint(earlyvintageBWR)Limerick(BWR4/MKII)GrandGulf1(BWR6/MKIII)NineMilePoint2(BWR5/MKII)CoreMeltFrequencyerreactor-ear3.0x101.0x101.5x103.6x102.4x10SOURCES:PeachBottom2-RSS(Reference1)BigRockPoint-IDCORProgram(Reference3)Limerick-LimerickPRA(Reference4)GrandGulf1-RSSMAP-GG1(Reference2)1of1

UNIT2TRANSIENTEVENTTREETRANSIENTTl,T23REACTORSUBCRITICALSRVsOPENSRVsRESEATPOWERCONVERSIONQHPECCSLPECCSRHRSEQUENCE(1)RESULTS(2)TRANSIENTSUTQTQWQTQUTQUWFAILUREQQTOLOCATREETQUVTMTCCMCM(2)KEYTORESULTSS=SAFECONDITIONCM=COREMELTEXPECTED(1)SEQUENCESAREDESIGNATEDONLYINTERMSOFSYSTEMFAILURES;e.g.,SEQUENCETPISACTUALLYTCMP;TAKINGTHESUCCESSOFCANDMINTOACCOUNT,HOWEVER,CANDMAREAPPROXIMATELYEQUALTOONEBECAUSECANDMAREVERYLOWPROBABILITIES(C=1-C~1)ANDARE,THEREFORE,NOTINCLUDEDINSEQUENCEDESIGNATIONS.UNIT2TRANSIENTEVENTTREENIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS 0

LOCAA,SREACTORSUBCRITICALVAPORSUPPREBSIONCOREMAKEUPRESIDUALHEATREMOVALSEQUENCE(1)RESULTS(2)TPQSEQUENCESFROMTRANSIENTEVENTTREESUCCESSLOCATPQI,SI,AITPQE,SE,AESD,ADCMSDI,ADISDE,ADESC,ACCMCMCMFAILURESCD,ACDCM(1)SEQUENCESAREDESIGNATEDONLYINTERMSOFSYSTEMFAILURES;e.g.SEQUENCESlISACTUALLYSCDEIACCOUNTINGFORTHESUCCESSOFC,D,ANDE;HOWEVER,C,D,ANDEAREALLAPPROXIMATELYEQUALTO1BECAUSEC,D,ANDEAREALLVERYLOWPROBABILITYEVENTS(C=1-C~1)AND,THEREFORE,SUCCESSTERMSARENOTINCLUDEDINSEQUENCEDESIGNATIONS.(2)KEYTORESULTS:S=SAFECONDITIONCM=COREMELTEXPECTEDFIGURE7A.3-2LOCAEVENTTREENIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7A.4CONTAINMENTANALYSISTheUnit2containmentemploystheBWRMarkIIdesign(Figure7A.4-1)asopposedtotheMarkIdesignutilizedbytheRSSBWR.TheLimerickGeneratingStationalsousestheMarkIIdesign.TheLimerickcontainmentisfullyanalyzedintheLimerickPRA(Reference4).Whilebothdesignsem-ploythepressuresuppressionconcept,themajordifferenceistheinternalconfigurationofthedrywellanditsrelationshiptothewetwell.Bothcontainmentatmospheresareinertedduringoperation.7A.4.1ContainmentEventTreeThecontainmenteventtreefortheUnit2analysiswasdevelopedfromtheLimerickandRSSBWRcontainmenteventtrees,withafewmodificationsasfollows:AlthoughtheUnit2containmentwillbeinerted,theanalysisconsidersgenerationofacombustiblegasmixtureandsubsequentcontainmentfailureduetoburningordetonation.Thereasonforthisas-sumptionisthattherewillbeshortperiodspriortoshutdownandafterstartupwhenthecontainmentwillbedeinerted.Creditisnottakenforthepresenceofhydrogenrecombinerseventhoughredun-dantsafety-gradecombinersareinstalled.2~Containmentisolationsystemfailurecausingsig-nificantcontainmentleakageisincludedinthecontainmenteventtree.TheresultantcontainmenteventtreeisshownonFigure7A.4-2.SymbologyforthisfigureislistedinTable7A.4-1.7A.4-1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.4-1CONTAINMENTFAILUREMODESYMBOLSContainmentFailureModesAfterCoreMeltContainmentfailureduetoRPVsteamexplosionContainmentfailureduetocontainmentsteamexplosionContainmentfailureduetooverpressurefromburningofacombustiblegasmixtureu'ontainmentfailureduetodetonationofacombustiblegasmixtureY'ontainmentisolationfailureContainmentfailureduetowetwelloverpressureContainmentfailureduetodrywelloverpressureContainmentfailureduetolargeleakageStandbygastreatmentsystem(SGTS),failure

REACTORDRYWELLDOWNCOMERSa4';4.b'ATERLEVEL::44'o0d..SUPPRESSIONCHAM8ERSUPPRESSIONPOOLdo~:>o."4o.oa0'.FIGURE7A4-1MARKIIPRIMARYCONTAINMENTNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

~'

COREMELTCMCOMBUS'T.COMBUST.OETONATIONBURNPICONTMT'SOLCONTMTOVPRCONTMTLEAKAGESGTSCSEOUENCEPROBABIUTYOFCFMCHARACTERISTICSOFCFM7=.57=.5ylOVERPRESSUREWETWELLOVERPRESSUREDRYWELL(=.52.3x10ASMALLLEAKSUCCESSP=.01f3=.001(X=.01OR.0001FAILUREpIpl8=2.7x10-'=4.3x10-iacP'.6x10-i2.3x10.'01.001.001.01,.0001SMALLLEAKGTSFAILSLARGELEAKOVERPRESSUREINSTANTANEOUSOVERPRESSUREENERGETICOVERPRESSUREENERGETICOVERPRESSUREFIGURE7A.4-2CONTAINMENTEVENTTREENIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7A.5RELEASECATEGORIES7A.5.1DefinitionofReleaseCategoriesRSSBWRCoreMeltReleaseCategories1,2,3,and4areusedfortheUnit2analysis.TheRSS,GG1,andLimerickstudieswereusedasguidanceforassigningaccidentsequencestothereleasecategories.Thesecategoriesaredefinedasfollows.BWRReleaseCateor1Thisreleasecategoryisrepresentativeofacoremeltdownfollowedbyasteamexplosioninthereactorvesselandsimultaneousbreachofcontainmentintegrity.Thelatterwouldcausethereleaseofasubstantialquantityofradioactivematerialtotheatmosphere.Thetotalreleaseisassumedtocontainapproximately40percentoftheiodinesandalkalimetalspresentinthecoreatthetimeofcontainmentfailure.Mostofthereleasewouldoccurovera1/2-hrperiod.Becauseoftheenergygeneratedinthesteamexplosion,thiscategorywouldbecharacterizedbyarelativelyhighrateofenergyreleasetotheatmosphere.Thiscategoryalsoincludescertainsequencesthatinvolveoverpressurefailureofthecontainmentpriortotheoccurrenceofcoremeltingandasteamexplosion.Inthesesequences,therateofenergyreleasewouldbesomewhatsmallerthanforthosepreviouslydiscussed,althoughitwouldstillberelativelyhigh.BWRReleaseCateor2Thisreleasecategoryisrepresentativeofacoremeltdownresultingfromatransienteventinwhichdecayheatremovalsystemsareassumedtofail.Containmentoverpressurefailurewouldresult,andcoremeltingwouldfollow.Mostofthereleasewouldoccuroveraperiodofabout3hr.Thecontainmentfailurewouldbesuchthatradioactivitywouldbereleaseddirectlytotheatmospherewithoutsignificantretentionoffissionproducts.Thiscategoryinvolvesarelativelyhighrateofenergyreleaseduetothesweepingactionofthegasesgeneratedbytheinteractionofwaterandconcretewiththemoltenmass.Approximately90percentoftheiodinesand50percentofthealkalimetalspresentinthecorewouldbereleasedtotheatmosphere.BWRReleaseCateor3Thisreleasecategoryrepresentsacoremeltdowncausedbyatransienteventaccompaniedbyafailuretoscramorfailure7A.5-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OE,Storemovedecayheat.Containmentfailurewouldoccureitherbeforecoremeltorasaresultofgasesgeneratedduringtheinteractionofthemoltenfuelwithconcreteafterreactorvesselmelt-through.Somefissionproductretentionwouldoccureitherinthesuppressionpoolorthereactorbuildingpriortoreleasetotheatmosphere.Mostofthereleaseoccursoveraperiodofabout3hrandispostulatedtocomprise10percentoftheiodinesand10percentofthealkalimetals.Forthosesequencesinwhichthecontainmentwouldfailduetooverpressureaftercoremelt,therateofenergyreleasetotheatmospherewouldberelativelyhigh.Forthosesequencesinwhichoverpressurefailurewouldoccurbeforecoremelt,theenergyreleaseratewouldbesomewhatsmaller,althoughstillmoderatelyhigh.BWRReleaseCateor4Thisreleasecategoryisrepresentativeofacoremeltdownwithenoughcontainmentleakagetothereactorbuildingtopreventcontainmentfailurebyoverpressure.Thequantityofradioactivityreleasedtotheatmospherewouldbesignificantlyreducedbynormalventilationpathsinthereactorbuildingandpotentialmitigationbythesecondarycontainmentfiltersystems(SGTS).CondensationinthecontainmentandtheactionoftheSGTSonthereleaseswouldalsoleadtoalowrateofenergyrelease.Theradioactivematerialwouldbereleasedfromthereactorbuildingorthestackatanelevatedlevel.Mostofthereleasewouldoccurovera2-hrperiodandisassumedtocontainapproximately0.08percentoftheiodinesand0.5percentofthealkalimetals.7A.5.2CombinedDominantAccidentSequenceProbabilitiesThedominantaccidentsequencesforUnit2havebeenquantifiedandarelistedinTable7A.5-1.Theprobabilityofanyaccidentsequencewascalculatedbymultiplyingthecoremeltsequenceprobability(fromSection7A.3.3)byitscontainmentfailuremodeprobability,e.g.,probabilityofsequenceTzPQE-wouldbe(2.4x10)x(0.012)=2.9x10perreactor-year.Thereleasecategoryfrequencieswerefoundbysummingtheprobabilitiesofthedominantaccidentsequencesforeachreleasecategory.ReleasecategorytotalswerenotsmoothedaswasdoneintheRSS.SeetheRSS,AppendixV,Section4.1.2.foramoredetailedexampleofsmoothingreleasecategoryprobabilities.7A.5-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.5-1DOMINANTCOREMELTACCIDENTSEQUENCEPROBABILITIESSeauenceReleaseCateorProbabilitiesverreactor-earTgPQITp-PQITzPQETg-PQESITsQWTa3QWTgQUVTp3CTotal2.9x102.5x1065x10-so5.4x10->o2.6x109xlQ101.6xlQ5.0xlO1.8x105.5x102.7xlo61.0x102.9xlO-io1.6xlQS.oxlo1.8x105.5xlO2.7x101.0x101.3x1074xlO-so5.5x104.-8x10'o23x10-so8.lx102.5x107.1x101.2x105.2x10TotalReleaseFrequency:2.0x10~/reactor-year

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7A.6CONSEQUENCEANALYSIS7A.6.1DescriptionoftheCRAC2ComputerCodeTheconsequencestopublichealthandsafety,andtheregionaleconomyareevaluatedusingtheCRAC2computercode'.ThefirstversionofCRAG(CalculationofReactorAccidentConsequences)wasdevelopedtosupportWASH-1400.SandiaNationalLaboratorieshasupdatedthecodetoitspresentversion.CRAC2computationsbeginwithapostulatedaccident(oraccidentsi:fgroupedintoreleasecategories)whichincludesabreachofcontainment.Theresultantreleaseofradioactivityisdescribedintermsofitsprobabilityofoccurrence,isotopicreleasequantities,heatreleasequantity,timeanddurationofrelease,andwarningtime.MeteorologicaldataisprocessedusingthebinsamplingtechniquedevelopedspecificallyforCRAC2.Anentireyear'sworthofhourlyweatherobservations(8,760datapoints)whichincludewinddirectionandspeed,atmosphericstability,andprecipitationratearegroupedintosequencesorbinswithgivencharacteristics.Examplesare:itbeginstorainatacertaindistancefromthesite;awindslowdownoccursatacertaindistancefromthesite;oracertaincombinationofwindspeedandstabilityclassoccurs.Twenty-ninebinsaredefinedbyCRAC2andthesubsequentbinsamplingiscarriedoutsothateachbinistakenintoaccount.Thisensuresthatimportantweathertypesareneitherignorednorgivenexcessiveweight,sothatpeakconsequencesproducedbycertainweathersituationsarenotmissed.ThistechniquehasprovidedanimprovementinmeteorologicalsamplingovertheCRACcodewhichwasusedintheRSS.Weatherconditionsfromeachofthe29binsarethenappliedtoaGaussianPlumemodeltocalculatetheatmosphericdispersiontermX/Q.SpecialeffectswhichmodifythebasicGaussianmodel,suchasradioactivedecay,durationofrelease,buildingwakes,inversionlids,andplumerise,arefactoredintotheanalysis.Additionally,theeffectsofbothwetanddrydepositionaretakenintoaccount.TheresultantX/Qvaluesanddepositionprocessesdefineairandgroundradioactivityconcentrationsateachspatialintervalfromthesite.Airandgroundcontaminationlevelsareuseddosimetricmodels.Fordeterminingearlyhealththemostimportantpathwaysare:toformeffects,7A.6-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS1.Inhalationfromthepassingradioactivecloud.2.Externalexposurefromthepassingcloud.3.Externalexposure(short-term)fromdepositedgroundcontamination.Forestimatinglatenthealtheffects,thepathwaysofinterest,are:1.Externalexposurefromdepositedgroundcontamination(long-andshort-term).2.Inhalationofradioactivityfromthepassingcloudandfromtheresuspensionofdepositedgroundcontamination.3.Ingestionofcontaminatedfoods,milk,andmilkproducts.Earlyoracuteeffectsaredefinedasthosewhichoccurwithin1yr.Theseincludebothfatalitiesandinjuries.Latent,effectsusuallymanifestthemselvesintheformofcancerlaterinlife.Healthphysicsdatasuchasorgandoseconversionfactors;milkconsumptionrates;thresholddosesforfatalities,injuries,andvariouscancertypes;timingdataforcomputinglifetimedoses;isotopeweathering/decaydata;andinhalation/ingestionfactorsaresuppliedtothecodeinordertoallowpublicradiationhealtheffectstobecomputed.Table7A.6-1providesinformationonwhichisotopesareimportantforeachexposurepathway.Theeffectsofmitigativeactionstakentoreducepublicexposuresuchasevacuationandshelteringaretakenintoaccount.Evacuationparameterssuchasdistancetraveled,delaytime,effectiveevacuationspeed,exposureduration,shelteringfactors,andradiusofevacuationfortheregionaresuppliedtothecode.Theseevacuationandshelteringscenariosareusedtocomputethedosereductionachievedbytheemergencyaction.RegionaleconomicimpactisalsocalculatedbyCRAC2.Agriculturalandeconomicdataincludingfarmanddairyproduction;farm,business,and'residentialpropertyvalues;andrelocationandevacuationcostsaresuppliedtothecodeandtheimpactiscalculatedintermsoffood,crop,anddairylosses;interdictioncosts;decontaminationcosts;andrelocationandevacuationcosts.7A.6-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSf.ThefinalresultsoftheCRAC2consequencemodelaredisplayedasasetofcomplementarycumulativedistributionfunctions(CCDFs).'CCDFisdefinedastheprobabilitythattheconsequenceswillexceedagivenmagnitude.CRAC2determinesthefinalCCDFsbysummingtheeffectsofalltrials.Atrialisdefinedasonecombinationofaccidentreleaseparameters,weatherconditions,anddownwindpopulation.ThecurvesproducedfromtheCRAC2CCDFoutput,maybethenusedtoevaluatethehealthandeconomicriskstothepublicfromalargescalecoremeltaccidentinagivenregionsurroundingtheplant.Figure7A.6.1providesanoverallviewofthesiteregion.Figure7A.6-2showsaschematicoftheCRAC2consequencemodel.Table7A.6-2providesonidentificationofthesourcesfortheinputparameterstoCRAC2forUnit2.Tables7A.6-3through7A.6-7providetheCRAC2inputforUnit2fortheisotopes,releaseparameters,evacuation,population,andmeteorologicaldatarequirements,respectively.7A.6.2DiscussionofHealthandEconomicImpactsTheresultsofCRAC2computationsarepresentedinFigures7A.6-3through7A.6-7.CCDFsrepresentingacutefatalities,acuteinjuries,latentfatalities,totalwhole-bodyman-Rem,andpropertydamageareprovided.Table7A.6-8showsthesensitivityofearlyeffects(acutefatalitiesandinjuries),lateeffects(latentfatalities),andeconomiceffects(propertydamage)tovariousparameters.AcutefatalitiesaredominatedbythehighprobabilityofReleaseCategory2(Section7A.5).ReleaseCategory1,althoughpossessingratherrapidtimingandalargequantityofreleasedactivityisnotasconsequentialareleaseasCategory2.ReleaseCategory3hasarelativelyhighprobabilitybutaloweramountofreleasedactivity.Category4ischaracterizedbyreleasesthroughtheSGTS,thereforetheactivityreleasedismuchlower.Category4doesnotcontributetoacutefatalityconsequences.AcuteinjuriesaredominatedbyCategories2and3duetotheirrelativelyhighprobabilityofoccurrenceandhigherreleasefractions.TheloweractivitymagnitudeofReleaseCategory3isnotquiteasimportantforinjuriesasitisforfatalitiesbecauseofthelowerdosethresholdsfor7A.6-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSinjuries.ReleaseCategory4makesasmallbutessentiallynegligiblecontributiontoacuteinjuries.TheOswegoCounty,NewYorkRadiologicalEmergencyResponsePlan(RERP)outlinessixevacuationscenarioscoveringthevariouscombinationsofseasonandtimeofday.Nooneevacuationmodeldominatedearlyeffects'hedifferenceinearlyeffectconsequencesamongthe6modelsdifferedbynomorethan10percent.Latentfatalitiesresultfromlowerdosesthanthosethatproduceacutefatalities.Theseareintegraleffectsoverlargeareasandlongtimeperiods.AccordingtotheCommitteeoftheBiologicalEffectsofIonizingRadiation(BEIR)',solidtumorsmaytakeaslongas30yrtodevelop,whereasleukemiacanoccurwithin5yr.ReleaseCategories2and3withtheirhigherprobabilitiesofoccurrence,dominatethelatentfatalityCCDFs.Economicimpactisassessedintermsofthetotalcosttoallaffectedproperty.Aswithlatentfatalities,propertydamageCCDFsaredominatedbyReleaseCategories2and3.Theresultsindicatethattheprobabilityofcausing$1,000totalcostsisaboutthesameascausing$10,000,000totalcosts.Therefore,fortheaccidentspostulatedherein,$10,000,000totalcostswouldbeaminimumvalue.Figure7A~6-6indicatesthattheprobabilityofpropertydamagesisrelativelyconstanttoatotalcostofabout$10,000,000.ThedemographyandannualwindrosefrequenciesfortheUnit2sitearesuchthatapproximately46percentofthetimethewindblowsoutoverLakeOntarioincludingsectorscontainingbothlandandlake.Therefore,thereisroughly50percentprobabilitythatareleasewillbeblowntowardanunpopulatedorsparselypopulatedarea.Only9percentofthetotal80-km(50-mi)regionalpopulationresidesinsectorswhichborderLakeOntario,andone-halfofthesepeoplelivebeyond72km(45mi)wherethereisessentiallyzeroriskoffatality.Thereislittledoubtthatreleasesblowninthesedirectionswillresultinconsiderablylowerhealthconsequencesduetothedepositionmechanismsandthelackofpeopleliabletoexposure.Exposurepathwayscouldresultfromtheingestionoffishcaughtfromthelake,ingestionofdrinkingwaterfromthelake,anddirectexposurefromcontaminatedbeachesandnearshoreland.Interdictingthesepathwaysisentire'lypossible;however,thesocioeconomicimpactofsuchaction7A.6-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSisdifficulttoassess.Aliquidpathwayconsequenceanalysisisnotwithinthescopeofthisstudy;however,theeconomiceffectofthelossofdrinkingwatersupplyandrecreationalareaswouldbetemporarilyfelt.Somebeachesandrecreationalareasmightsufferpermanentclosureorabandonmentbythepublic.CommercialfishingdoestakeplaceonLakeOntario.However,itisconcentratedinthefarnortheastcornerofthelakeanddoesnotconstituteamajorindustry.Nearly90percentofallfishcommerciallycaughtinthelakearelandedbyCanadianfishermen.SomeofthesefishcouldbetemporarilyaffectedbyareleasefromUnit2.FortheUnit2site,theCRAC2resultsrevealedthatfatalitieswouldmostlikelyoccurwithin32km(20mi)oftheplantandinnocasewouldfatalitiesoccurbeyond72km(45mi).Injurieswouldmostlikelyoccurwithin56km(35mi)oftheplant.Althoughtheriskofinjuryexistsbeyond80km(50mi);theprobabilityofoccurenceisverylow.Forcomparisonpurposes,theCCDFsforacuteandlatentfatalitiesforGGl,Limerick,andPB2(rebaselinedRSSresults)havebeenplottedagainst,the.Unit2results.ThesecomparisonsareshownonFigures7A.6-8and7A.6-9.Becauseoftheuncertaintybandsassociatedwitheachcurve,theCCDFsforacuteandlatentfatalitiesforthefourplantsmaybeconsideredconsistent.7A.6.3RiskDuetoExternalCausesTheforegoinganalysishasconfineditselftoeventsequencesgeneratedbyinplantfailures(withtheexceptionoflossofoffsitepower).However,thepossibilityexiststhatsomelargeexternaleventcouldinitiateanaccidentoradverselyaffecttheplant'sresponsetoaninternalinitiatingevent.TheUnit2plantisnotconsideredsingularlyvulnerabletoexternalinitiators.Itislocatedinanareaoflowseismicactivity,farawayfromalargebodyofseawater,andinanareaofrelativelylowtornadoprobability.Therefore,earthquakes,hurricanes,tidalwaves,andtornadoesarenotexpectedtobehighprobabilityevents.Man-madehazardssuchasaircraftimpact,accidentsatnearbyindustrialormilitaryfacilities,andpipelineaccidentsarenotconsideredviablebecausethesiteislocatedatleast32km(20mi)fromanymajorairtrafficlaneand64km(40mi)fromthenearestmajorairport(Syracuse,NewYork).Also,therearenolargeindustrial7A.6-5 NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLSormilitaryfacilitiesorpipelinesnearthesite.Theriskfromtransportationaccidentsexistsonlyfromdangerousmaterialsonvehicularandrailtrafficdestinedto/fromthesiteitself.Therearenomajorhighwaysorraillinescarryingdangerousmaterialsnearthesite.SinglerailspursandaccessroadsprovideegressroutesfromthethreeplantsonsiteincludingUnit2.ThehazardsduetofloodingfromLakeOntario,floodingfrominternalsources,fires,chemicalhazards,turbinemissilehazards,andsabotageexistataboutthesameprobabilityasatanyU.S.nuclearpowerplantandaretakenintoaccountinthebasicdesigncriteriaoftheplant.tThefollowingFSARsectionsprovideanindepthtreatmentofthesetopics:TitleFireProtectionFloodingTurbineMissilesChemicalHazardsSecuritySeismicDesignTornadoDesignFSARSection9.5.1,Appendix9A3.43.5.1.32.2,6.4.4.2,9~4~113.63.7,3.83.3Someexternaleventswillaffectonlyoneaccidentsequencewhilesomeexternaleventswillaffectallaccidentsequences'ithexternalcausestakenintoaccount,it,isexpectedthattheeventsequenceprobabilitiesandhencethereleasecategoryprobabilitieswillincreaseslightly.However,becauseUnit2islessthanorequaltomostU.S.siteswithrespecttoexternalvulnerability,itisanticipatedthatexternaleventswill.notbesignificantcontributorstoriskatUnit2.7A.6.4LimitationsandSourcesofUncertainties7A.6.4.1LimitationsThefollowinglimitationsareidentifiedinthisstudy:1.FollowingtheRSSMAPmethodology,full'aulttreeswerenotdevelopedfortheUnit2systemsanalysis.7A.6-6 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSThesurveyandanalysistechniqueemployedintheGG1studywasused.Thismethod,however,truncatedthesystemunavailabilityanalysisatthemajorcomponentlevel.Small,butpossiblysensitivecomponentsarecoveredbythefailureratesfortheparentequipment.Also,componentswereconsideredgenericallyfromsystemtosystem;ie.,HPCScontrolcircuitswereassumedtohavethesamefailure,probabilityasdieselcontrolcircuitry;allmotor-operatedvalveswereassumedtohavethesamefailurecontributors,andeachcontributorwasassumedtoexhibitthesamefailurerate.Thiswillnotsignificantlyalterthefinalresults.However,aplantand/ormanufacturerspecificresearchofequipmentoperatinghistoriesmightrevealslightlydifferentfailurerateinformation.HumanerrordatawastakendirectlyfromtheRSSandtheGG1'study.Athoroughhumanreliabilityanalysisincludingacomprehensivereviewofplantoperatingandcasualtyproceduresmightalsoslightlyalterthedata.2.ThesuccesscriteriaforECCSoperationduringtransientsandLOCAswastakenasthesameasGG1(BWR6).3.BecauseUnit2isstillunderconstruction,as-builtplantinformationisnotavailable.TheFSAR,PSAR,ER-CPS,StandardTechnicalSpeci-ficationsforBWR5'~',anddesignP&IDswereusedinlieuoftheas-builtdrawings,technicalspecifications,andactualplantoperating/emergencyprocedures.4.Thecontainment.analysisconsistedofcomparingtheUnit2MarkIIcontainmentwithcontainmentsofplantswhereafullPRAhadbeenperformed(particularlyLimerick)andadoptingtheirresultstoUnit2.7A.6.4.2SourcesofUncertaintiesThespecificsourcesofuncertaintyinthisstudyhavebeenenumeratedintheprevioussection.ItshouldbenotedthattheRSSmethodologyusedtoanalyzeUnit2hasbeenfoundtobesoundbasedupontheresultsoftheLewisCommitteereview'.IntheRSS,theuncertaintieswerefoundtofallintotwogroups:dispersion-dosimetricmodel(accidentreleasesourceterms,probabilities,physicalcharacteristicsoftheaccident,andatmosphericdispersion)7A.6-7 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSandthedose-responsemodel(healthphysicsandcostparameters).Earlyfatalitiesaremostsensitivetothedispersion-dosimetricmodeluncertainties.Thisreporthasutilizedtheoreticalaccidentsourceterminformationasaninputtotheriskanalysiscontainedherein.Baseduponrecentlygeneratedinformationegardingtheaccuracyofthissourceterminformation,thereappearstobesoundreasonstobelievethat,itissignificantlymoreconservativethanoriginallyassumed.Therefore,theconsequencesdescribedinthisstudymaybesignificantlyoverestimated.Itispossiblethatareductionintheiodineandparticulatefissionproduct(Cs-Rb)releasefractionsbyafactorof10mightlikelyresultinzeroacutefatalitiesbeingpredictedTheotherconsequences,latentfatalitiesandpropertydamage,arelesssensitivetotheuncertaintiesinthedispersion-dosimetricmodelthanearlyeffects.Totalpopulationandcostparameterstendtohaveagreatereffectontheseresultsbecausetheeffectsareintegratedoverlargeareasandlongtimeperiodsandtheaccidentcharacteristicsbecomelessimportant.ThehealthphysicsmodelsusedinCRAC2andthisstudyarebaseduponthe1980BEIRCommitteefindings.Thesefindingsaregenerallyconsideredasanimprovementovertheprevious(1972BEIR)models;however,thelackofinformationavailableregardingthedoseeffectivenessoflowdoseratesisindicativeoftheuncertaintiesstillpresentregardingtheriskofradiationinducedcancer.7A.6.SConclusionsTheprecedingsectionshaveconsideredthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofcoremeltaccidentreleasesintotheatmosphere.Theimpactswhichhavebeenanalyzedincludepossibleexposurestoindividualsandtothesurroundingpopulationasawhole,thenear-andlong-termconsequencesofsuchexposure,andthesocioeconomiceffectsofpropertycontamination.Figures7A.6-10,7A.6-11,and7A.6-12providecomparisonsofriskofacutefatalityandpropertydamagefromtheUnit2reactorversusriskofacutefatalityandpropertydamagefromman-causedevents,naturally-occurringevents,and100nuclearpowerplants(overallU.S.nuclearrisk).Fromthesefigures,itcanbeseenthattheoperationofUnit2willnotcontributemeasurablytotheoverallacutefatalityorpropertydamagerisksfromeitherman-causedor7A.6-8 NineMilePointUnit2ER-ODSnaturally-occurringevents,includingothernuclearpowerplantoperations.Table7A.6-9providescomparisondataintheareaofearlyillnessandlatentfatalities.ThecontributiontotheseconsequencesfromtheoperationofUnit2isnegligible.InorderfortheconsequencesofapotentialcoremeltaccidentatUnit2tobesignificant,thereleaseparameters,weatherconditions,anddownwindpopulationmustbeattheirworstconditions.Theprobabilityofthisoccurringisextremelylow.Forevenmodestconsequencestooccur,thetrialvaluesmustbewellaboveaverageinseverity.Theprobabilityoftheseconditionsexistingsimultaneouslyisstillquitelow.Sincethethreecomponentsofatrial(releaseparameters,weatherconditions,anddownwindpopulationdensity)arecompletelyindependentofeachother,accidentswithevenmodestenvironmentalimpactatUnit2areconsideredhighlyunlikely.7A.6-9 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.'6-1.EXPOSUREIMPACTOFVARIOUSISOTOPESEzosurePathwaEffectMostContributingRadionuclidesCloudshineInhalation(earlyeffects)Inhalation(leukemia)Inhalation(bonecancer)Inhalation(lungcancer)Groundshine(earlyeffects)ThyroiddoseMilkingestionLong-termgroundshineKr-88,Te-132,I-132,I-133,I-131,I-135Te-132,I-131,Cs-134,Ba-140Sr-90Sr-90,Pu-241,Pu-238Ru-106,Ce-144Te-132,I-131,I-132,,I-133,I-135I-131,I-132,I-135I-131,I-133Cs-137NOTE:Radionuclideswhichhaveanegligibleeffectonhealthare:Co-58,Co-60,Kr-85,Kr-85m,Kr-87,Rb-86,Y-90,Nb-95,Tc-99m,Ru-105,Rh-105;Te-127,Te-129,Ce-143,Pr-143,Nd-147,Am-241(Reference19).SOURCE:NUREG/CR-2300(Reference19)1of1

NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.6-2CRAC2DATASOURCESDataIsotopicinventory(listofisotopesinTable7A.6-1)ReleaseparametersTimingdataReleasefractionsSourceReferenceNumber1,20EvacuationstrategiesTiminganddistancedataShelteringfactorsPopulationdistributionsU.S.CanadianMeteorologicaldataWeatherdataAtmosphericmixingheightsEconomicdata21,22,231924,25,2627Sitemeasurements(Jan1,1979Dec31,1979)281,29 0

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABIE7A.6-3CRAC2COMPUTERCODEISOTOPESElementCobaltKryptonRubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumTelluriumAntimonyIodineXenonCesiumBariumLathanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymium~IeotoeeCo-58*,Co-60~Kr-85,Kr-85m,Kr-87,Kr-88Rb-86Sr-89,Sr-90,Sr-91Y-90,Y-91Zr-95,Zr-97Nb-95Mo-99Tc-99mRu-103,Ru-105,Ru-106Rh-105Te-127,Te-127m,Te-129,Te-131m,Te-132Sb-127,Sb-129I-131,I-132,I-133,I-134,I-135Xe-133,Xe-135Cs-134,Cs-136,Cs-137Ba-140La-140Ce-141,Ce-143,Ce-144Pr-143Nd-1471of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.6-3(Cont)ElementNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCurium~IsotoesNp-239*Pu-238*,Pu-239*,Pu-240*,Pu-241*Am-241*Cm-242*,Cm-244**RSSdatacorrectedtovaluesconsistentwithanend-of-cycle3,489-MWtBWR.BWR5-specificdatafromGEwasnotavailablefortheseisotopes.2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.6-4CRAC2RELEASEPARAMETERSRSSReleaseCate~orBWR1BWR2BWR3BWR4Probability/3.5x10-~11x10-511x10-55.6x10-~TimeofRelease~ar?.639.039.05.0DurationofReleasehr0.52.0202.0WarningTimeforEvacuation~ar1.370702.0ElevationofReleas~e~m454545HeatReleased~cal/eecXe-KrFractionofCoreInventoReleasedCs-RbTe-SbBa-SrRu2.80x10e1.00.42.10x10s1.0092.10x10s1.00.10.40.50.10.70.30.30.050.50.10.030010.02LaiSx10-~4x10-33x10-3068x10-iSx10->4x10-36x10-i6x10-i1x10-i<<iIncludesMo,Rh,Tc,Co.<>>IncludesNd,Y,Ce,Pr,La,Nb,Am,Cm,Pu,Np,Zr.1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.6"5CRAC2EVACUATIONSTRATEGIES~strataWeekday(schooIinsession)Weekday(schoolnotinsession)Weekend/hoIiday(summerdaytime)Weekend/holiday(winterdaytime)EveningNightProbabilityofStrate1817101733TimeDelayBeforeEvacuationhr3.02.02.02.01.51.0Evacuation~Seedmh.79.731.151.II81.181.38MaximumDistancefromSiteEvacuaedmi101010101010MaximumDistanceMovedbyEvacueesmi202020202020SheItering~Radiusmi101010101010NOTE:ModelscorrespondtothesixtypicalevacuationperiodsoutlinedintheNineMilePointNuclearStationSiteEmergencyPlan,NewYorkStateRadiologicalEmergencyPreparednessPlan,andtheRadiologicalEmergencyResponsePlanforOswegoCounty,NY(References21through23).1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A66CRAC2POPUIATZOHDISTRIBUTIONDATA(1986Pro5ected)Sector4RadialDistance(MilSectorKV~Ttas12356789101112131~1516IntervalTotals0000000000000323092700500027008094049420018000000000000000033615611250403520000000000000000150581482107897273961812024901468316316231561409090000000000000000000015014113113615492761226662217199177302400000000000001074032181281954833,21630000000001758711823519'19r923544000000004672141462112548407'425,324000000-002441~7911991942402,0121r9561r05700000002577781~1359951,376lr7121,8091~641'16000000622~528lr4891~18312751,51515~5811,5541~34600000004281~1738091~3~12'822~1883,0052'9480200000043739~2,3598419772'692,9832r780'lr3719420000009901~9769631~5421,7157r14127r7758,8572,0953,2200000007974~0024828362,1577r6485'8315,9063'694,270320000242r4432,2742594403,55610r274138r63523,6066r3753r7271~4780000353~r76021~798185635Sr10310,679147,16317~2046r2817r4594~5100024501r7812r895'15r8901,1551~13011,29320r77821~54425,85019~80710,0586,8370171lr27922028,0512'967r162Sr8981r97222'3818r9257,4264r86320,31919,09010~84903387r6502r93230r20914'2454r33115,25911,71354,34883'20402r510120r73469,73776r32430,69205099r1743r152007019938936148'1815lr0361~0114r753llr27315~2987r6939r77926~53313~92215~60456~27490~182193~091226375'40~688161r109976r936NOTES:1.Figuresarebasedonthe1980censuspro5ectedto1986.2.FiguresincludeasnailportionoftheProvinceofOntario,Canadavhichiscutbythe80-kn{50-ni)arcaroundthesite.3.SectordesignaticnscorrespondtothoseusedinTable7A.6-7.1of1

NINEMILEPOINTUNIT2ER-OLSTABLE7A.6-7CRAC2METEOROLOGICALBINDATASUMMARYM~ET8IWINDDIRECTION10121314~1~ToalPercent1R02R53R104R155R206R257R308S109S1510S2011S2512S3013C314C415D116D21703180419D520E121E222E323E424E525F126F227F328F429F5AlI425211321101977467384410745710683294104195309511079130598213681128718171316152242244610282147ll2750831333790120351002114859800103713311611682241091140005145012010007172631342104024710127900186653350000022127199403826800122500285644250020048334483336165359711673001000000100001528405113413394020171681387057134112171713769221332613161371282810375340293995211354505196415024400763094022193334019658901,25163101163521567617164881643398251519111038615045051413141315849571923284434161071335323241614794118133912869333667103755119910998173102211616442152255281211512212110718491636102320652310662204837296524125867506491812444697136743148192421702092781114403022607558735421633232855262130713487012411610385997447594264340599243334308724716103352606442164731184368,760491071345041748064847333.97260.79911.41551.32421.17580.97031.13010.84470.53650.67350.47950.73063.88136.83792.77403.81283.51608.264812.22605.75345.47955.52518.36764.01836.91785.06852.46580.83330.2055100of2

NINEMILEPOINTUNIT2ER"OLSTABLE7A.6-7(Cont)KEYTOMETBINDESCRIPTION:R=Rainwithinintervals(mi);e.g.,R5meansrainwithin5miofthesite.S=Windslowdownswithinintervals(mi);e.g.,S10meansawindslowdownwithin10miofthesite.C,D,E,F=StabilityCategories1(0-1),2(1-2),3(2-3),4(3-5),5()5)=Windspeedintervals(m/sec)usedincombinationwithstabilitycategories.NOTES:I.Thistablerepresentsthenumberofhoursthattheweatherconditionsdescribedbyeachbinoccurredfromeachwinddirection.2.ThistableisbaseduponsitehourlymeasurementsmadefromJanuary1,1979throughDecember31,1979.3.Winddirectionsaregivenbysectornumbers.Eachsectoris221/2deginarcandiscenteredonthe16compasspoints.Sector1iscenteredonnorthandsector2isimmediatelyclockwise(NNE).Windspeedsweremeasuredataheightof10m.4.ThemetbincategorizationsaremadeautomaticallybytheCRAC2code.2of2

NineMilePoint.Unit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.6-8CRAC2RESULTSENSITIVITIESCCDFSensitivities'arameter'arlyEffectsLate,EconomicEffectsEffectsReleasecategoryprobabilityMajorMajorMajorMagnitudeofrel'easedactivityMajorMajorMajorReleasetiming(beginningwarning,duration)MajorLowLowMagnitudeofheatreleasedModerateLowtoMajorLowWeatherconditions(winddirection,windspeed,rainfall,deposition,anddispersionconditions)MajorModerateModerateEvacuationtiming(warninganddelay)MajorLowLowEvacuationparameters(speed,radiusevacuated,shelteringmodels)ModerateLowLowOtherparameterssuchasdoseconversionfactors,dosethresholddata,andotherhealthphysicsparameterscanalsohavemajorormoderateeffectsuponCCDFs.However,theseparametersarenotplant-orsite-dependentandarethesamedatathatwasusedintheRSS.Theparameterslistedinthistableareallplantorsitespecific.'~'Theabovesensitivites(major,moderate,low)arequali-tativeinnature.SOURCE:NUREG/CR-2300(Reference19)1of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7A.6-9COMPARISONOFEARLYINJURYANDLATENTFATAIITIESBETWEENUNIT2ANDOVERALLU.S.EarlIllnessProbabi'lityofoneearlyillness(perreactor-year):U.S.overall'~':Unit2'~~:3.6x101.1x10LatentFatalitProbabilityofonelatentcancerfatality(perreactor-year):U.S.Overall'nit2'.9x102.7x10'~'BasedonAmericanCancerSocietydata(Refer-ence30)of421,000cancerdeathsin1981.ThepopulationoftheU.S.isassumedtobe225million.'~'TheUnit2valuesrepresent,onlytheincrementalcontributiontoearlyillnessandlatentfatilityduetoplantaccidents.'BasedonRSSdataof8millioninjuriesperyearfromallaccidents'hepopulationoftheUPS.isassumedtobe225million.1of1

1516~I'I~I~IIwoI/WWI>>>>tr~OI~VVWwlNww~~~w44>>pe(I>>'Wt.vPV+LT~NCItIVNII'IIoe'l'(oeTw>>Wl>>1lo\eoevoIWtVNwWaI/4~tWCve>>~IClw>>t4~4IlwC<<11NIa'-)I50Ml.(IOMI.OMI.20Ml.IOMI.~4~II5IWT1,1*IC~lo4oN~12~WW~~INWO~VWOWII~t(waNVtt~Vt>>4le\4tweweIWr~>>>>1*4~oll~II(t.~LwwI.(NO}ItIOl4I~IW'ielf~I,'yac"U}WIV't(}iIIoCwo)CIeo~I0I~~III}ll~II~lewI4\4~I~II2'i"oewe(o(>>IIlo}C~44(I>>te<wIINWII(wClowe(I,~,TVN4((TWIt~V~n14~Co((~tee~toYt4~~ll(II~oll(light'jII~etIg~>>w~W~~Cto4~~.V(e~C~(vow,WeeetttwW,NNI~owe(~www4(IINj'4t(,/(C<<w>>/}'I='-}I~~i~4~I~'I4~l.'oto~~'Low>>eeL4'710NOTES:1.EACHSECTORIS22}/aDEGREESWIDE.SECTOR1ISCENTEREDONNORTHANDEACHSECTORFOLLOWSCOUNTER-CLOCKWISEASSHOWN.2.FORCLARITYONLY10MI.INCREMENTALRADIIARESHOWN.THEACTUALANALYSISUSESAMUCHCLOSERSPACING.SOURCE:Reference31FIGURE7A.6-1AREAMAPNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS L*I0'I WEATHERDATADESCRIPTIONOFRADIOACTIVERELEASEATMOSPHERICDISPERSIONEVACUATIONCOREINVENTORYCLOUDDEPLETIONDOSIMETRYPOPULATIONHEALTHEFFECTSTOPOGRAPHY,SPATIALDATAGROUNDCONTAMINATIONECONOMICDATAPROPERTYDAMAGEADAPTEDFROM:-NUREG0340(REFERENCE32)FIGURE7A.6-2CRAC2CONSEQUENCE.MODELSCHEMATICNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMlLEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

10106101010'010101010'X'O.OFACUTEFATALITIES10FIGURE7A.6-3ACUTEFATALITIESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNlNEMlLEPOINT-UNlT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

XAIKK0I-OKCLI-mlQ0K101010101010101010101010'X'O.OFLATENTFATALITIES10FIGURE7A.6-4LATENTFATALITIESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

10101010101010101010'X'O.OFACUTEINJURIES1010FIGURE7A.6-5ACUTEINJURIESNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS. 0 10e1O-41O-'O'0-710-e1010e10e107'X'OST(1982DOLLARS)1Oe1O'IGURE7A.6-6TOTALCOST(1982DOLLARS)NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

10K~10'X10LQULL010mm10CL101010101010'X'O.OFMAN-REMFIGURE7A.6-7TOTALWHOLE-BODYMAN-REMNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

XAKLllK0OLLIKKillQ.I-lQCQ0KCL101010101010101010'X'O.OFACUTEFATALITIES1010SYMBOLeBWRNINEMILEPOINT2PEACHBOTTOM2(REBASELINEDRSS)GRANDGULF1LIMERICKNOTES:1.THESOURCESFORTHELIMERICK,PB2,ANDGG1CURVESAREREFERENCES4,33,AND34,RESPECTIVELY.FIGURE7A.6-8NOTES:2.THEY-AXISUNITSFORTHELIMERICKCURVESARE'REQUENCY(EVENTS/YEAR)~'X'.ACUTEFATALITIES-BWRCOMPARISONNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS 4t~fQ Xhl10~KUJe104ILOI-1O-'LlKK1O'YMBOLBWRNINEMILEPOINT2PEACHBOTTOM2(REBASELINEDRSS)GRANDGULF1LIMERICKI-10m<<Cm0104tL1014104101010'X'O.OFLATENTFATALITIES1010NOTES:1.THESOURCESFORTHELIMERICKIP82,ANDGG1CURVESAREREFERENCES4,33,AND34,RESPECTIVELY.NOTES:2.THEY-AXISUNITSFORTHELIMERICKCURVESARE:FREQUENCY(EVENTS/YEAR)'X'.NOTES:3THELATENTFATALITYCCDF'SFORGGI,LIMERICKANDPB2WEREGENERATEDUSINGTHECRAGCODE.CRAGCALCULATEDCANCERDEATHSUSINGA30YEARLATENCYPERIODANDTHERESULTSWEREALLNORMALIZEDTO1YEARBYDIVIDINGBY30.THEUNIT2LATENTFATALITYCCDF'SARENOTNORMALIZEDTOONEYEAR,THEREFORE,THEGGI,LIMERICK,ANDPB2LATENTFATALITYRESULTSHAVEBEENMULTIPLIEDBY30TOPROVIDEACOMMONBASEFORCOMPARISON.THECURVESFORTHESE3PLANTSHAVEBEENEXTRAPOLATEDINTHE1TO30MAGNITUDERANGE(SHOWNASDASHEDLINES).FIGURE7A.6-9LATENTFATALITIES-BWRCOMPARISONNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

10~OP~'+c~+10'+if~+iy+~+dO~CO~iO~XA1PgILUJCpR10~0Ul0-0zLUUJ01PcKIL+~4OWOG+o10~100NUCLEARPOWERPLANTS10i101001,00010,000100,0001,000,000FATALITIES,xNOTE:1.FATALITIESDUETOAUTOACCIDENTSARENOTSHOWNBECAUSEDATAARENOTAVAILABLEFORLARGECONSEQUENCEACCIDENTS.AUTOACCIDENTSCAUSEABOUT50,000FATALITIESPERYEARINTHEU.S.FIGURE7A.6-10CCDFSCOMPARISONOFUNIT2VERSUSOVERALLU.S.MAN-CAUSEDFATALITIESRISKNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

10~o010-'Al10CCullhI-RIll0,10-~LU0ZCl10iEL"'~OO"~es~OP~4'yPg++gl10.>a~~4~+~~~OCP~10-~10-1101001,00010,000100,0001,000,000SOURCE:WASH-1400tRSS)FATALITIES,xNOTE:1.DATAFORHURRICANES,TORNADOES,ANDEARTHQUAKESAREBASEDONTHEAVERAGEU.S.VALUESFOREVENTSDURING1900-1972,1953-1971,AND1906-1971~RESPECTIVELY.DATAARETAKENASPRESENTEDINTHERSS.FIGURE7A.6-11CCDFSCOMPARISONOFUNIT2VERSUSOVERALLU.S.NATURALLYOCCURRINGEVENTFATALITIESRISKNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS 0 10-'ANCAUSEDEVENTSNATURALEVENTSAIIll0rn10-3I2)UJOZ10-'OIllKUNIT2100NUCLEARPOWERPLANTS10-i10.i10-110'0'0'01010>sPROPERTYDAMAGE(DOLLARS),XNOTE:1PROPERTYDAMAGEDUETOAUTOACCIDENTSISNOTINCLUDEDBECAUSEDATAARENOTAVAILABLEFORLOWPROBABILITYEVENTS.AUTOACCIDENTSCAUSEABOUT515BILLIONDAMAGEEACHYEAR.FIGURE7A.6-12CCDFSCOMPARISONOFUNIT2VERSUSOVERALLU.S.PROPERTYDAMAGERISKNIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS7A~7REFERENCESReactorSafetyStudy:AnAssessmentofAccidentRisksinU.S.CommercialNuclearPowerPlants(WASH-1400).NUREG-75/014,NuclearRegulatoryCommission,Washington,DC,October1975.2.ReactorSafetyStudyMethodologyApplicationsProgram:GrandGulfUnit1BWRPowerPlant.NUREG/CR-1659/4of4,NuclearRegulatoryCommissionandSandiaNationalLaboratories,Washington,DC,October1981.3~IndustryDegradedCoreRulemakingProgram,TechnicalReport3.1,AtomicIndustrialForum/TechnologyforEnergyCorporation,June1982.ProbabilisticRiskAssessment,LimerickGeneratingStation.DocketNos.50-352and50-353,PhiladelphiaElectricCompany,Philadelphia,PA,March1981.5.CalculationsofReactorAccidentsConsequencesVersion2(CRAC2)ComputerCodeUsers'anual.NUREG/CR-2326,NuclearRegulatoryCommissionandSandiaNationalLaboratories,Washington,DC,March19826.TheEffectsonPopulationsofExposurestoLowIevelsofIonizingRadiation:1980CommitteeontheBiologicalEffectsofIonizingRadiation(BEIRIII).NationalAcademyofSciences,Washington,DC,1980.StandardTechnicalSpecificationsforBWR5.NUREG-0123,Revision3,NuclearRegulatoryCommissionandGeneralElectricCompany,Washington,DC,Fall1980'.RiskAssessmentReviewGroupReporttotheU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission.NUREG/CR-0400,USNRC,September-1978.9.LetterfromW.R.Stratton,A.P.Malinauskas,andD.OSCampbelltoNRCChairmanJ.Ahearne'datedAugust14,1980;10.LetterfromChaunceyStarrtoNRCCommissionerJ.HendriedatedSeptember20,1980.Levenson,M.andRahn,F~RealisticEstimatesoftheConsequencesofNuclearAccidents,NuclearTechnology,Vol53,May1981.7A.7-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS12.Morewifz,H.FissionProductReleasesfromDegradedCoreAccidents,NuclearTechnology,Vol53,May1981.13.Mendosa,Z.T.;Stevens,G.A.;andRitzmann,R.L.RadiationReleasefromtheSL-1Accident.NuclearTechnology,Vol53,May1981.14.LetterfromNuclearSafetyOversightCommitteetoPresidentJimmyCarterdatedDecember21,1980.15.Campbell,D.O.;Malinauskas,A.P.;andStratton,W.R.TheChemicalBehaviorofFissionProductIodineinTightWaterReactorAccidents,NuclearTechnology,Vol53,May1981.16.Bunz,H.;Schikarski,W.;andSchock,W.TheRoleofAerosolBehaviourinLightWaterReactorCoreMeltAccidents.NuclearTechnology,Vol53,May1981.17.RecommendedSourceTermofEnvironmentalReleasesfromMajorLWRAccidents,NSA81/008.Rodger,WalterA.andTrepathi,R.R~,NuclearSafetyAssociates,September1981.18.SourceTerms:AnInvestigationofUncertainties,Magnitudes,andRecommendationsforResearch,NUSCorporationandSandiaNationalLaboratories,NUS-3808/AL0-1008,March1982.19.PRAProceduresGuide.NUREG/CR-2300,NuclearRegulatoryCommission,AmericanNuclearSociety,andInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Washington,DC,April1982.20.NMP2CoreInventroy,GEletterNMP2-3676datedApril10,1981.21~NewYorkStateRadiologicalEmergencyPreparednessPlan.StateofNewYork,July1981.22.OswegoCountyRadiologicalEmergencyResponsePlan.OswegoCounty,NY,July1981.23.NineMilePointNuclearNiagaraMohawkPowerMarch5,1982.StationSiteEmergencyPlan.Corporation,Revision9,24.UPS.DepartmentofCommerce,BureauoftheCensus,1980Census.7A.7-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS25.NewYorkDepartmentofCommerce,1978OfficialPopulationProjectionsbyAgeandSexforNewYorkStateCounties,1979.26.EnvirodataCorporation,DigitizedCensusMapsofAreaWithin50MilesofNineMilePoint,NY,1982.27.GovernmentofCanada,StatisticsCanadaInterimPopulationCountsforCensusDivisionsandCensusSubdivisions,1981.28.Holzworth,G.C.MixingHeights,WindSpeeds,andPotentialforUrbanAirPollutionThroughouttheContiguousUnitedStates.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,PublicationNo.AP-101,Washington,DC,1972.29.U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,Consumer'sPriceIndex.30.CancerFactsandFigures,AmericanCancerSociety,1982.31.PreliminarySafetyAnalysisReport,NineMilePointNuclearStation-Unit2.NRCDocketNo.50-410,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,June1972.32.Wall,I.B.,etal.OverviewoftheReactorSafetyStudyConsequenceModel.NUREG-0340,NuclearRegulatoryCommission,Washington,DC,1977.33.TaskForceReportontheInterimOperationofIndianPoint.NUREG-0715,USNRC,August1980.34.FinalEnvironmentalImpactStatementrelatedtotheoperationofGrandGulfNuclearStation,Units1and2.NUREG-0777,Docket.Nos.50-416and50-417,USNRC,September1981.7A.7-3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7BMAINSTACKANDCOMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTANNUALANDGRAZINGSEASONX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVELFORLOCATIONSOFMILKANIMALS,MEATANIMALS,VEGETABLEGARDENSANDRESIDENCESBYSECTOR

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7BfISTOFTABLESTableNumber78-178-2TitleMAINSTACKX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,LONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFMILKANIMAfSBYSECTORMAINSTACKX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,fONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFMEATANIMALSBYSECTOR7B-37B-47B-57B-67B-77B-8MAINSTACKX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,LONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFVEGETABLEGARDENSBYSECTORMAINSTACKX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,LONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFRESIDENCESBYSECTORCOMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUIfDINGVENTX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,LONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFMILKANIMAf,SBYSECTORCOMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,LONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFMEATANIMALSBYSECTORCOMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,fONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFVEGETABLEGARDENSBYSECTORCOMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,fONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFRESIDENCESBYSECTOR7B-i

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-1MAINSTACKX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVELLONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASESLOCATIONSOFMILKANIMALSBYSECTORSectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)GrazinSeasonXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)ESE2,3504,8389.38E-098.81E-108.84E-095.92E-101.26E-083.85E-101.14E-082.58E-10SSE2,5873,9263,9955,9191.17E-082.67E-108.99E-091.72E-,101.16E-082.61E-108.96E-091.69E-101.10E-081.50E-109.86E-099.48E-116.13E-094.23E-104.40E-092.94E-102,7134.41E-092.56E-104.19E-091.87E-10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-2MAINSTACKX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVELLONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASESLOCATIONSOFMEATANIMALSBYSECTORSectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualXQ(sec/m3)DQ(1/m2)GrazinSeasonXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)1,6938.48E-091.34E-091.04E-081.37E-09ESE2,539217273,0353,1843,2243,3833,6523,8414,5294,8385,0285,2181.17E-086.09E-101.04E-084.09E-101.18E-085.68E-101.18E-085.43E-101.05E-083.81E-101.05E-083.64E-101.22E-084.28E-101.09E-082.87E-101.26E-083.85E-101.14E-082.58E-101.24E-083.62E-101.12E-082.43E-101.22E-083.41E-101.10E-082.29E-101.03E-088.06E-109.46E-095.42E-101.05E-087.50E-109.56E-095.04E-101.08E-086.75E-109.70E-094.54E-101.16E-086.45E-101.04E-084.33E-101.17E-086.38E-101.04E-084.28E-10SE2,8813,1093,9134,0624,7594,9495,3281.90E-084.62E-101.37E-082.27E-101.81E-083.90E-101.38E-081.93E-101.78E-083.66E-101.37E-081.81E-101.65E-083.23E-101.30E-081.60E-101.03E-086.36E-106.67E-093.20E-101.03E-085.85E-106.69E-092.94E-101.95E-084.85E-101.39E-082.38E-101of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-2(Cont)Sector~BearinDistance(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQ'QDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)SSE3,0033,966*3,9951.17E-082.63E-108.97E-091.70E-101.16E-082.61E-108.96E-091.69E-106.44E-093.52E-104.50E-092.40E-10SSW4,1474,4174,7164-,8265,7955,9156,2151.05E-081.09E-101.06E-088.70E-118.94E-092.01E-108.33E-091.61E-108.85E-091.82E-108.32E-091.46E-108.72E-091.64E-108.26E-091.31E-108.66E-091.58E-108.24E-091.26E-101.11E-081.22E-101.12E-089.75E-111.09E-081.18E-101.10E-089.43E-11SW2I7133I2134.41E-092.56E-104.19E-091.87E-105.53E-092.21E-105.07E-091.60E-102of2 0 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-3MAINSTACKX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVELLONG-TERN(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASESLOCATIONSOFVEGETABLEGARDENSBYSECTORAnnualGrazinSeasonSectorDistance~Bearin(m)XQ(sec/m3)DQ(1/m2)XQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)1,9228.81E-091.23E-091.07E-081.25E-092,1119.17E-091.16E-091.11E-081.18E-092,9181.20E-088.69E-101.44E-088.90E-10ESE2,5392I7272,8462,9953,0753,1453,1843,4533,6423,8414,5294,8385,0681.03E-088.06E-109.46E-095~42E-101.05E-087.50E-109.56E-095.04E-101.06E-087.19E-109.62E-094.83E-101.08E-086.84E-109.68E-094.60E-101.16E-086.67E-101.03E-084.48E-101.16E-086.53E-101.04E-084.38E-101.16E-086.45E-101.04E-084.33E-101.18E-085.98E-101.04E-084.02E-101.18E-085.69E-101.05E-083.82E-101.18E-085.43E-101.05E-083.64E-101.22E-084.28E-101.09E-082.87E-101.26E-083.85E-101.14E-082.58E-101.24E-083.57E-101.12E-082.40E-10SE2,3862,8812,9993,0693,1093,2281.03E-085.94E-106.69E-092.98E-101.03E-085.85E-106.69E-092.94E-101.03E-085.62E-106.70E-092.83E-109.45E-097.95E-106.33E-093.99E-101.03E-086.36E-106.67E-093.20E-101.03E-086.09E-106.68E-093.06E-101of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-3(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualXQ(sec/m3)DQ(1/m2GrazinXQ(sec/m3)SeasonDQ(1/m2)SE3,2673,2973,3763,5653,6053,9033,9534,0624,2914,3714,7204,9495,2881.03E-OS5.55E-106.71E-092.79E-101.03E-085.50E-106.71E-092.77E-101.23E-085.37E-101.62E-OS5.07E-101.61E-OS5.01E-108.02E-092.70E-101.09E-OS2.55E-101.09E-082.52E-101.79E-OS4.63E-101.26E-082.33E-101.93E-OS4.79E-101.38E-OS2.35E-101.90E-OS4.62E-101.37E-OS2.27E-101.97E-OS4.64E-101.47E-OS2.29E-101.95E-OS4.50E-101.45E-OS2.22E-101.83E-OS3.96E-101.39E-OS1.95E-101.78E-OS3.66E-101.37E-OS1.81E-101.67E-083.28E-101.30E-081.62E-10SSE2,5772,9333,0423,8463,9263,9954,0354,2644,3444,4234,6526.44E-093.62E-104.51E-096.43E-093.47E-101.18E-082.73E-104.50E-099.02E-092.48E-102.36E-101.77E-101.17E-OS2.67E-108.99E-091.72E-101.16E-OS2.61E-108.96E-091.69E-101.15E-082.57E-108.94E-091.66E-101.23E-OS2.52E-109.82E-091.60E-101.21E-082.45E-109.76E-091.55E-101.20E-OS2.37E-109.70E-091.50E-101.16E-082.18E-109.52E-091.38E-106.13E-094.25E-104.40E-092.95E-102,8113,3077.73E-094.10E-107.31E-093.76E-108.18E-093.39E-107.60E-093.07E-102of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-3(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)3,9144,1035,1105,2105,2601.43E-082.90E-101.39E-082.59E-101.48E-082.81E-101.46E-082.50E-101.41E-082.10E-101.47E-081.82E-101.39E-082.04E-101.45E-081.76E-101.38E-082.00E-101.44E-081.74E-10SSW4,5664,6464,7164,7964,8765,5655,7955,9856,0656,1458.79E-091.72E-108.29E-091.38E-108.75E-091.68E-108.28E-091.34E-108.72E-091.64E-108.26E-091.31E-108.68E-091.59E-108.25E-091.28E-108.64E-091.55E-108.23E-091.24E-101.15E-081.31E-101.15E-081.04E-101.11E-081.22E-101.12E-089.75E-111.08E-081.16E-101.09E-089.25E-111.07E-081.14E-101.08E-089.05E-111.06E-081.11E-101.07E-088.86E-11SW2,2842,3242,363217133,0933,4433,7834,0225,7126,0526,3223.83E-093.02E-103.85E-092.23E-103.85E-092.97E-103.86E-092.20E-103.88E-092.93E-103.86E-092.16E-104.41E-092.56E-104.19E-09'.87E-105.43E-092.28E-104.99E-091.66E-105.69E-092.08E-105.21E-091.50E-105.89E-091.93E-105.40E-091.38E-106.00E-091.82E-105.52E-091.30E-107.38E-091.04E-107.23E-097.43E-117.17E-099.48E-117.07E-096.77E-117.01E-098.84E-116.94E-096.32E-11of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-4MAINSTACKX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVELLONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASESLOCATIONSOFRESIDENCESBYSECTORSectorDistance~aearin(m)AnnualXQ(sec/m3)GrazinSeasonDQXQDQ.(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)1,6931,8021,9222,1112,1902,7282,8392,9184,1064,1368.48E-098.62E-098.81E-091.34E-091.04E-081.37E-091.28E-091.05E-081.31E-091.23E-091.07E-081.25E-099.35E-091.12E-091.13E-081.15E-091.15E-089.20E-101.38E-089.42E-101.18E-088.90E-101.41E-089.11E-101.20E-088.69E-101.44E-088.90E-101.55E-086.45E-101.89E-086.63E-101.55E-086.38E-101.89E-086.55E-109.17E-091.16E-091.11E-081.18E-09ESE2,5392/7272,8462,9953,0753,"1453,1843,2243,3443,3833,4133,4533,5721.06E-081.08E-087.19E-109.62E-094.83E-106.84E-109.68E-094.60E-101.16E-086.67E-101.03E-084.48E-101.16E-086.53E-101.04E-084.38E-101.16E-086.45E-101.04E-08,4.33E-101.17E-086.38E-101.04E-084.28E-101.17E-086.16E-101.04E-084.14E-101.17E-086.09E-101.04E-084.09E-101.17E-086.04E-101.04E-084.06E-101.18E-085.98E-101.04E-084.02E-101.18E-085.80E-101.05E-083.89E-101.03E-088.06E-109.46E-095.42E-101.05E-087.50E-109.56E-095.04E-101of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-4(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)ESE3,6423,6823,8414,4894,5294,5694,6094,7194,7494,8384,8785,0285,0685,1085,2181.18E-085.43E-101.05E-083.64E-101.23E-084.34E-101.09E-082.91E-101.22E-084.28E-101.09E-082.87E-101.22E-084.22E-101.09E-082.83E-101.22E-081.21E-084.16E-104.01E-101.09E-082.79E-101.08E-082.69E-101.21E-083.96E-101.08E-082.66E-101.26E-083.85E-101.14E-082.58E-101.26E-083.80E-101.13E-082.55E-101.24E-083.62E-101.12E-082.43E-101.24E-083.57E-101.12E-082.40E-101.23E-083.53E-101.11E-082.37E-101.22E-083.41E-101.10E-082.29E-101.18E-085.69E-101.05E-083.82E-101.18E-085.64E-101.05E-083.79E-10SE2,3862,5442,8812,9102,9993,0393,0693,1093,1483,1889.45E-097.95E-106.33E-093.99E-101.01E-087.30E-106.66E-093.67E-101.03E-086.36E-106.67E-093.20E-101.03E-086.29E-106.68E-093.16E-101.03E-086.09E-106.68E-093.06E-101.03E-086.00E-106.69E-093.02E-101.03E-085.94E-106.69E-092.98E-101.03E-085.85E-106.69E-092.94E-101.03E-085.78E-106.70E-092.91E-101.03E-085.70E-106.70E-092.87E-102of7

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-4(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m>AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)3,2283,2673,2973f3373,3763,5653,6053,7943,8043,9033,9534,0624,1424,2914,3714,6404,7204,7594,9495,2185,2885,5271.03E-081.03E-081.03E-085.62E-106.70E-092.83E-105.55E-106.71E-092.79E-105.50E-106.70E-092.77E-101.83E-083.96E-101.39E-081.95E-101.81E-083.90E-101.38E-081.93E-101.78E-083.66E-101.37E-081.81E-101.69E-083.35E-101.32E-081.66E-101.67E-083.28E-101.30E-081.62E-101.59E-083.04E-101.26E-081.51E-101.23E-085.43E-108.02E-092.73E-101.23E-085.37E-108.02E-092.70E-101.62E-085.07E-101.09E-082.55E-101.61E-085.01E-101.09E-082.52E-101.66E-084.76E-101.14E-082.40E-101.66E-084.75E-101.14E-082.39E-101.79E-084.63E-101.26E-.082.33E-101.93E-084.79E-101.38E-082.35E-101.90E-084.62E-101.37E-082.27E-101.87E-084.48E-101.36E-082.20E-101.97E-084.64E-101.47E-082.29E-101.95E-084.50E-101.45E-082.22E-101.85E-084.07E-101.40E-082.0'IE-10SSE2,5772,8142,9333,0423,8076.13E-094.25E-104.40E-092.95E-106.45E-093.81E-104.53E-092.62E-106.44E-093.62E-104.51E-092.48E-106.43E-093.47E-104.50E-092.36E-101.19E-082.77E-109.04E-091.79E-10of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-4(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualXQ(sec/m3)DQ(1/m2)GrazinSeasonXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m)SSE3,8463,9263,9563,9663,9954,0354,1154,2644,3444,4234,6525,1915,2205,4905,8795,9195,9881.03E-081.66E-108.84E-091.06E-101.11E-081.52E-109.92E-099.58E-111.10E-081.50E-109.86E-099.48E-111.09E-081.48E-109.77E-099.29E-111.18E-082.73E-109.02E-091.77E-101.17E-082.67E-108.99E-091.72E-101.17E-082.64E-108.98E-091.71E-101.17E-082.63E-108.97E-091.70E-101.16E-082.61E-108.96E-091.69E-101.15E-082.57E-108.94E-091.66E-101.14E-082.49E-108.90E-091.61E-101.23E-082.52E-109.82E-091.60E-101.21E-082.45E-109.76E-091.55E-101.20E-082.37E-109.70E-091.50E-101.16E-082.18E-109.52E-091.38E-101.08E-081.82E-109.18E-091.16E-101.08E-081.81E-109.15E-091.15E-102,8113,3073,8743,9143,9543,9944,0344,0744,1034,9917.73E-094.10E-107.31E-093.76E-108.18E-093.39E-107.60E-093.07E-101.44E-082.94E-101.40E-092.62E-101.43E-082.90E-101.39E-082.59E-101.43E-082.87E-101.39E-082.56E-101.50E-082.92E-101.47E-082.60E-101.49E-082.89E-101.47E-082.57E-101.49E-082.85E-101.46E-082.53E-101.48E-082.81E-101.46E-082.50E-101.44E-082.19E-101.50E-081.89E-104of7 0 NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-4(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m3)(sec/m3)(1/m3)5,1105,1405,1705,1805,2105,2605,4491.41E-082.10E-101.47E-081.82E-101.41E-082.08E-101.47E-081.80E-101.40E-082.06E-101.46E-081.79E-101.40E-082.06E-101.46E-081.78E-101.39E-082.04E-101.45E-081.76E-101.38E-082.00E-101.44E-081.74E-101.34E-081.89E-101.40E-081.64E-10SSW4,2174,3274,4174,5664,6464,7164,7964,8764,9164,9865,3755,4555,5655,6455,6855,7555,7955,8255,8755,9151.07E-081.53E-101.05E-081.23E-101.06E-081.50E-101.04E-081.20E-101.16E-081.33E-101.16E-081.06E-101.14E-081.30E-101.15E-081.04E-101.15E-081.31E-101.15E-081.04E-101.13E-081.28E-101.14E-081.02E-101.13E-081.11E-081.26E-101.14E-081.01E-101.24E-101.13E-089.86E-111.11E-081.22E-101.12E-089.75E-111.10E-081.21E-101.12E-089.66E-111.10E-081.20E-101.11E-089.53E-111.09E-081.18E-101.10E-089.43E-118.92E-091.96E-108.33E-091.57E-108.88E-091.88E-108.33E-091.51E-108.85E-091.82E-108.32E-091.46E-108.79E-091.72E-108.29E-091.38E-108.75E-091.68E-108.28E-091.34E-108.72E-091.64E-108.26E-091.31E-108.68E-091.59E-108.25E-091.28E-108.64E-091.55E-108.23E-091.24E-105of7

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-4(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)SSW5,9255,9856,0256,0656,1056,1456,2151.09E-081.18E-101.10E-089.40E-111.08E-081.16E-101.09E-089.25E-111.07E-081.07E-081,15E-101.14E-101.09E-089.15E-111.08E-089.05E-111.06E-081.12E-101.08E-088.95E-111.06E-081.11E-101.07E-088.86E-111.05E-081.09E-101.06E-088.70E-11SW1,9842,2542,2842,3242,3632,4832,5932/7132,8232,9433,0933/1733/2133,2533,3933,4433,6333,7533,7835.56E-092.19E-105.09E-091.58E-105.66E-092.11E-105.18E-091.52E-105.69E-092.08E-105.21E-091.50E-105.81E-091.99E-105.32E-091.43E-105.88E-091.94E-105.39E-095.89E-091.93E-105.40E-091.39E-101.38E-103.70E-093.38E-103.87E-092.52E-103.81E-093.06E-103.85E-092.26E-103.83E-093.02E-103.85E-092.23E-103.85E-092.97E-103.86E-092.20E-103.88E-092.93E-103.86E-092.16E-103.95E-092.80E-103.88E-092.06E-104.31E-092.67E-104.14E-091.96E-104.41E-092.56E-104.19E-091.87E-104.50E-092.47E-104.23E-091.80E-104.59E-092.38E-104.29E-091.73E-105.43E-092.28E-104.99E-091.66E-105.50E-092.23E-105.04E-091.62E-105.53E-092.21E-105.07E-091.60E-106of7

NinelabilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-4(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(mjAnnualXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)GrazinSeasonXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)SW3,8234,0224,2824,3224,3624,4424,9425,1725,6725,7125,1325,7825,9426,0526,3227,9628,2528,3228,3628,6728,8229,0529,0929,2925.91E-091.91E-105.42E-091.37E-106.00E-091.82E-105.52E-091.30E-106.08E-091.65E-105.64E-091.18E-106.09E-091.62E-105.65E-091.16E-106.10E-091.60E-105.67E-091.14E-106.12E-091.55E-105.70E-091.11E-106.18E-091.31E-105.84E-099.37E-116.13E-091.22E-105.82E-098.71E-117.40E-091.05E-107.25E-097.52E-117.38E-091.04E-107.23E-097.43E-118.00E-095.65E-118.48E-094.04E-117.75E-095.34E-118.23E-093.81E-117.63E-097.46E-097.43E-095.19E-118.12E-093.71E-114.98E-117.95E-093.56E-114.95E-117.92E-093.53E-117.28E-094.78E-117.77E-093.41E-116.14E-091.23E-105.83E-098.82E-117.34E-091.02E-107.20E-097.29E-117.24E-099.76E-117.12E-096.98E-117.17E-099.48E-117.07E-096.77E-117.01E-098.84E-116.94E-096.32E-117.36E-096.11E-117.64E-094.37E-117.35E-095.78E-117.69E-094.13E-117.30E-095.70E-117.64E-094.07E-11WSW4,1422.46E-095.92E-112.01E-093.74E-117of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-5COMBINEDRADNASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,IONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFMILKANIMALSBYSECTORSectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualXQ(sec/m3)GrazinSeasonDQXQDQ(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)ESE2,4174,9157.32E-081.54E-095.44E-089.52E-104.03E-085.19E-103.65E-083.37E-10SSE2,4753,8223,8925,8203.06E-086.52E-102.31E-084.33E-104.10E-083.61E-104.10E-082.35E-104.01E-083.50E-104.03E-082.28E-102.99E-082.23E-103.38E-081.69E-102,4853.36E-084.90E-103.10E-083.55E-10

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-6'OMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,LONG-TERN(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFMEATANIMALSBYSECTORSectorDistance~Beanin(m)AnnualXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)GrazinSeasonXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)1,8421.42E-072.90E-091.42E-072.58E-09ESE2,6072,7973,1063,2563,2963,4563,7263,9164,6054,9155,1055,2957.06E-081.37E-095.40E-088.49E-106.59E-081.23E-095.12E-087.66E-105.94E-081.05E-094.73E-086.58E-105.88E-089.77E-104.79E-086.15E-105.81E-089.59E-104.74E-086.04E-105.53E-088.93E-104.56E-085.64E-105.11E-087.97E-104.28E-085.07E-104.85E-087.40E-104.11E-084.73E-104.20E-085.80E-103.71E-083.76E-104.03E-085.19E-103.65E-083.37E-103.86E-084.86E-103.51E-083.16E-103.70E-084.57E-103.38E-082.97E-10SE2,8573,0873,8964,0464,7454,9355,3155.04E-089.93E-103.30E-084.80E-104.66E-088.80E-103.12E-084.27E-105.84E-086.44E-105.17E-083.19E-105.56E-086.04E-104.95E-083.00E-104.81E-084.60E-104.54E-082.31E-104.62E-084.31E-104.41E-082.18E-104.18E-083.80E-104.03E-081.93E-101of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-6(Cont)SectorDistance~eaxinq(m)AnnualXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)GrazinSeasonXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)SSE2,8933,8623,8922.98E-085.32E-102.35E-083.46E-104.05E-083.55E-104.06E-082.31E-104.01E-083.50E-104.03E-082.28E-10SSW3,9324,2024,5024,6115,5815,7016,0013.69E-083.06E-103.95E-082.48E-103.06E-081.64E-103.64E-081.39E-103.44E-082.76E-103.71E-082.24E-103.19E-082.46E-103.47E-082.00E-103.11E-082.36E-103.39E-081.92E-103.35E-081.84E-103.97E-081.54E-103.27E-081.78E-103.87E-081.49E-10SW2,4852,9853.36E-084.90E-103.10E-083.55E-103.52E-083.75E-103.43E-082.73E-102of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-7COMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,LONG-TERM(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFVEGETABLEGARDENSBYSECTORSectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualXQ(sec/m3)GrazinSeasonDQXQDQ(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)2,0722,2623,0721.26E-072.46E-091.29E-072.21E-091.16E-072.15E-091.20E-071.96E-098.97E-081.44E-099.91E-081.37E-09ESE2,6072,7962,9163,0663,1463,2163,2563,5263,7163,9164,6054,9155,1457.06E-081.37E-095.40E-088.49E-106.59E-081.23E-095.12E-087.66E-106.33E-081.16E-094.96E-087.21E-106.02E-081.07E-094.78E-086.70E-106.09E-081.03E-094.92E-086.46E-105.95E-089.95E-104.83E-086.26E-105.88E-089.77E-104.79E-086.15E-105.41E-088.66E-104.49E-085.49E-105.12E-088.00E-104.29E-085.09E-104.85E-087.40E-104.11E-084.73E-104.20E-085.80E-103.71E-083.76E-104.03E-085.19E-103.65E-083.37E-103.82E-084.80E-103.48E-083.12E-10SE2,3582,8572,9773,0473,0873,3565.82E-081.29E-093.60E-086.15E-105.04E-089.93E-103.30E-084.80E-104.84E-089.31E-103.20E-084-.51E-104.73E-088.98E-103.15E-084.36E-104.66E-088.80E-103.12E-084.27E-104.81E-087.75E-103.43E-083.78E-101of3

NineiNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-7(Cont)SectorDistance~earinq(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQD/QXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)SE3,2073,2763,2473,5463,5863,8863,9364,0464,2754,3554,7054,9355,2754.48E-088.30E-103.03E-084.03E-105.50E-087.13E-104.40E-083.57E-105.47E-086.25E-104.67E-083.09E-105.77E-086.33E-105.11E-083.14E-105.56E-086.04E-104.95E-083.00E-105.54E-085.50E-105.14E-082.74E-105.40E-085.32E-105.03E-082.66E-104.87E-084.67E-104.58E-082.34E-104.62E-084.31E-104.41E-082.18E-104.23E-083.85E-104.06E-081.96E-104.94E-088.05E-103.50E-083.92E-104.98E-088.16E-103.53E-083.97E-105.58E-087.27E-104.45E-083.57E-10SSE2,4652,8242,9333,7423,8223,8923,9314,1614,2414,3214,5513.23E-086.85E-102.45E-084.46E-103.04E-082.95E-085.52E-102.39E-083.59E-105.21E-102.33E-083.38E-104.21E-083.74E-104.20E-082.43E-104.10E-083.61E-104.10E-082.35E-103.59E-082.69E-103.78E-081.77E-104.01E-083.50E-104.03E-082.28E-103.97E-083.44E-103.98E-082.24E-104.02E-083.13E-104.18E-082.05E-103.92E-083.03E-104.09E-081.98E-103.83E-082.94E-104.01E-081.92E-102,6333.1323.91E-086.63E-103.88E-086.01E-103.58E-085.09E-103.65E-084.60E-102of3

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-7(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQX/QDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)3,7413,9314,9405,0405,0905.31E-084.08E-106.18E-083.68E-105.29E-083.76E-106.26E-083.39E-104.34E-082.82E-105.35E-082.71E-104.23E-082.73E-105.21E-082.62E-104.18E-082.69E-105.15E-082.58E-10SSW4,3524,4324,5024,5814,6615,351"5,5815,7715,8515,9313.25E-082.53E-103.53E-082.05E-103.19E-082.46E-103.47E-082.00E-103.13E-082.39E-103.41E-081.94E-103.07E-082.32E-103.35E-081.88E-103.53E-081.96E-104.18E-081.64E-103.35E-081.84E-103.97E-081.54E-103.22E-081.74E-103.82E-081.47E-103.16E-081.71E-103.76E-081.44E-103.11E-081.67E-103.70E-081.41E-103.31E-082.60E-103.58E-082.11E-10SW2,0562,0962,1362,4852,8653,2153,5553,7955,4845,8246,0942.29E-081.28E-102.52E-089.38E-113.82E-086.44E-103.44E-084.64E-103.77E-086.26E-103.40E-084.52E-103.72E-086.09E-103.36E-084.40E-103.36E-084.90E-103.10E-083.55E-103.23E-083.98E-103.07E-082.89E-103.34E-08'.38E-103.30E-082.46E-103.11E-082.94E-103.12E-082.15E-102.96E-082.69E-103.00E-081.97E-102.56E-081.53E-102.80E-081.12E-102.40E-081.38E-102.64E-081.01E-10'of3

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-8COMBINEDRADWASTEANDREACTORBUILDINGVENTX/QANDD/QATGROUNDLEVEL,LONG-TERN(ROUTINE)ANDGRAZINGSEASONGASEOUSRELEASES,LOCATIONSOFRESIDENCESBYSECTORSectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m)1,8421,9522,0722,2622,3422,8822,9923,0724,2614,2916.95E-088.69E-108.23E-088.46E-101.42E-072.90E-091.42E-072.58E-091.34E-072.68E-091.35E-072.40E-091.26E-072.46E-091.29E-072.21E-091.16E-072.15E-091.20E-071.96E-091.12E-072.04E-091.17E-071.86E-099.53E-081.59E-091.04E-071.50E-099.20E-081.50E-091.01E-071.42E-098.97E-081.44E-099.91E-081.37E-097.00E-088.80E-108.28E-088.56E-10ESE2,6072,7962,9163,0663,1463,2163,2563,2963,4163,4563,4863,5263,6467.06E-086.59E-086.33E-086.02E-081.37E-095.40E-088.49E-101.23E-095.12E-087.66E-101.16E-094.96E-087.21E-101.07E-094.78E-086.70E-106.09E-081.03E-094.92E-086.46E-105.95E-089.95E-104.83E-086.26E-105.88E-089.77E-104.79E-086.15E-105.81E-089.59E-104.74E-086.04E-105.60E-089.09E-104.60E-085.74E-105.53E-088.93E-104.56E-085.64E-105.48E-088.81E-104.53E-085.58E-105.41E-088.66E-104.49E-085.49E-105.23E-088.24E-104.36E-085.23E-101of7

Nineb1ilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-8(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonX/QD/QXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)ESE3,7163,7563,9164,5654,6054,6454,6854,7954,8254,9154,9555,1055,1455,1855,2955.12E-088.00E-104.29E-085.09E-105.07E-087.88E-104.25E-085.02E-104.85E-087.40E-104.11E-084.73E-104.24E-085.89E-103.74E-083.82E-104.12E-085.63E-103.66E-083.65E-104.01E-085.41E-103.58E-083.51E-103.98E-085.35E-103.56E-083.48E-104.03E-085.19E-103.65E-083.37E-103.99E-085.12E-103.62E-083.32E-103.86E-084.86E-103.51E-083.16E-103.82E-084.80E-103.48E-083.12E-103.79E-084.73E-103.45E-083.08E-103.70E-084.57E-103.38E-082.97E-104.20E-085.80E-103.71E-083.76E-104.16E-085.71E-103.68E-083.71E-10SE2,3582,5182,8572,8872,9773,0173,0473,0873t1273,1675.82E-081.29E-093.60E-086.15E-105.71E-081.21E-093.63E-085.80E-104.66E-088.80E-103.12E-084.60E-088.63E-103.09E-084.27E-104.19E-104.54E-088.46E-103.06E-084.11E-105.04E-089.93E-103.30E-084.80E-104.99E-089.77E-103.28E-084.72E-104.84E-089.31E-103.20E-084.51E-104.77E-089.12E-103.17E-084.42E-104.73E-088.98E-103.15E-084.36E-102of7

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-8(Cont)SectorDistance~Beanin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)SE3,2073,2473,2763,3163,3563,5463,5863,7763,7863,8863,9364,0464,1264,2754,3554,6254,7054,7454,9355,2055,2755,5154.48E-088.30E-103.03E-084.03E-104.98E-088.16E-103.53E-083.97E-104.94E-088.05E-103.50E-083.92E-104.87E-087.90E-103.47E-083.85E-104.81E-087.75E-103.43E-083.78E-105.58E-087.27E-104.45E-083.57E-105.50E-087.13E-104.40E-083.57E-105.30E-086.55E-104.34E-083.23E-105.28E-086.52E-104.33E-083.22E-105.47E-086.25E-104.67E-083.09E-105.77E-086.33E-105.11E-083.14E-105.56E-086.04E-104.95E-083.00E-105.42E-085.84E-104.84E-082.91E-105.54E-085.50E-105.14E-082.74E-105.40E-085.32E-105.03E-082.66E-104.98E-084.80E-104.68E-082.41E-104.87E-084.67E-104.58E-082.34E-104.81E-084.60E-104.54E-082.31E-104.62E-084.31E-104.41E-082.18E-104.30E-083.94E-104.13E-082.00E-104.23E-083.85E-104.06E-081.96E-103.99E-083.57E-103.85E-081.82E-10SSE2,4652,7042,8242,9333,7023.23E-086.85E-102.45E-084.46E-103.15E-085.91E-102.46E-083.84E-103.04E-085.52E-102.39E-083.59E-102.95E-085.21E-102.33E-083.38E-104.26E-083.81E-104.24E-082.47E-103of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-8(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m>AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)SSE3,7423,8223,8523,8623,8923,9314,0114,1614,2414,3214,5515,0905,1205,3905,7805,8205,8904.02E-083.13E-104.18E-082.05E-103.92E-083.03E-104.09E-081.98E-103.83E-082.94E-104.01E-081.92E-103.59E-082.69E-103.78E-081.77E-103.15E-082.24E-103.38E-083.13E-082.22E-103.36E-081.49E-101.48E-102.93E-082.04E-103.17E-081.37E-103.01E-082.26E-103.41E-081.71E-102.99E-082.23E-103.38E-081.69E-102.94E-082.19E-103.33E-081.66E-104.21E-083.74E-104.20E-082.43E-104.1OE-083.61E-104.10E-082.35E-104.06E-083.56E-104.07E-082.32E-104.05E-083.55E-104.06E-082.31E-104.01E-083.50E-104.03E-082.28E-103.97E-083.44E-103.98E-082.24E-103.87E-083.33E-103.90E-082.17E-102,6333/1323,7013,7413,7813,8213,8613,9013,9314,8205.47E-083.94E-106.46E-083.55E-105.40E-083.87E-106.39E-083.49E-105.34E-083.81E-106.31E-083.43E-105.29E-083.76E-106.26E-083.39E-104.49E-082.94E-105.52E-082.82E-103.91E-086.63E-103.88E-086.01E-103.58E-085.09E-103.65E-084.60E-105.38E-084.16E-106.26E-083.74E-105.31E-084.08E-106.18E-083.68E-,105.25E-084.01E-106.11E-083.61E-104of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-8(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualXQ(sec/m3)GrazinSeasonDQXQDQ(1/m2)(sec/m3)(1/m2)4,9404,9705,0005,0105,0405,0905,2804.34E-'082.82E-105.35E-082.71E-104.31E-082.80E-105.31E-082.68E-104.27E-082~77E-105.27E-082.65E-104.26E-082.76E-105.25E-082.64E-104.23E-082.73E-105.21E-082.62E-104.18E-082.69E-105.15E-082.58E-103.99E-082.53E-104.93E-082.43E-10SSN4,0024,1124,2024,3524,4324,5024,5814,6614,7014,7715,1615,2415,3515,4315,4715,5415,5815,6115,6615,7013.62E-083.00E-103.88E-082.43E-103.52E-082.86E-103.78E-082.32E-103.44E-082.76E-103.71E-082.24E-103.31E-082.60E-103.58E-082.11E-103.25E-082.53E-103.53E-082.05E-103.19E-082.46E-103.47E-082.00E-103.13E-082.39E-103.41E-083.07E-082.32E-103.35E-081.94E-101.88E-103.29E-081.80E-103.91E-08,3.27E-081.78E-103.87E-081.51E-101.49E-103.63E-082.31E-104.12E-081.89E-103.57E-082.26E-104.05E-081.85E-103.64E-082.08E-104.28E-081.73E-103.57E-082.03E-104.20E-081.69E-103.53E-081.96E-104.18E-081.64E-103.47E-081.92E-104.10E-081.60E-103.44E-081.90E-104.07E-081.58E-103.38E-081.86E-104.01E-081.56E-103.35E-081.84E-103.97E-081.54E-103.33E-081.82E-103.95E-081.53E-105of7

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-8(Cont)AnnualGrazinSeasonSectorDistance~Bearin(m)XQ(sec/m3)DQ(1/m2)XQ(sec/m3)DQ(1/m2)SSW5,7115,7715,8115,8515,8915,9316,0011.47E-101.74E-103.82E-083.22E-083.19E-083.16E-083.14E-083.11E-081.73E-103.79E-081.45E-101.71E-103.76E-081.44E-101.43E-101.41E-101.69E-103.73E-081.67E-103.70E-083.06E-081.64E-103.64E-081.39E-103.26E-08.1.77E-103.87E-081.49E-101,7562,0262,0562,0962,1362,2562,3652,4852,5952I7152,8652,9452,9853,0253,1653.2153,4053,5253,5553.72E-083.58E-083.65E-086.09E-105.63E-103.36E-084.40E-103.26E-084.07E-105.26E-103.37E-083.81E-103.36E-084.90E-103.10E-083.55E-103.44E-084.59E-103.22E-083.32E-103.34E-084.30E-103.15E-083.12E-103.23E-083.98E-103.07E-082.89E-103.55E-083.83E-103.45E-082.78E-103.52E-083.75E-103.43E-082.73E-103.49E-083.68E-103.41E-082.68E-103.38E-083.46E-103.33E-082.52E-103.34E-083.38E-103.30E-082.46E-103.21E-083.12E-103.20E-.082.28E-103.13E-082.97E-103.14E-082.17E-103.11E-082.94E-103.12E-082.15E-104.30E-087.91E-103.83E-085.69E-103.86E-086.58E-103.47E-084.74E-103.82E-086.44E-103.44E-084.64E-103.77E-086.26E-103.40E-084.52E-106of7

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7B-8(Cont)SectorDistance~Bearin(m)AnnualGrazinSeasonXQDQXQDQ(sec/m3)(1/m2)(sec/m3).(1/m2)SW3,5953,7954,0544,0942.96E-08.2.69E-103.00E-081.97E-102.81E-082.46E-102.88E-081.80E-102.79E-082.42E-102.86E-081.77E-103.08E-082.89E-103.10E-082.12E-104,1342.77E-084,2142.72E-084,7142.48E-084t904239E084,9442.38E-085,4442.57E-085,4842.56E-085,5542.52E-085,7142.45E-085,8242.40E-082.30E-102.81E-081.69E-101.91E-102.59E-081.40E-101.79E-102.52E-081.31E-101.76E-102.50E-081.29E-101.55E-102.82E-081.13E-101.53E-102.80E-081.12E-101.49E-102.76E-081.10E-101.42E-102.69E-081.04E-'I01.38E-102.64E-081.01E-102.38E-102.84E-081.74E-106,0947,8248,0248,0948,1348,4448,5948,8248,8649,0642.29E-081.28E-102.52E-089.38E-112.08E-082.07E-082.05E-082.26E-089.80E-112.41E-088.05E-119.66E-112.43E-088.11E-119.55E-112.40E-088.04E-119.85E-112.70E-088.47E-.111.98E-088.70E-112.39E-087.72E-112.16E-089.42E-112.59E-088.19E-112.11E-089.23E-112.54E-088.06E-112.05E-088.96E-112.46E-087.89E-112.03E-088.91E-112.45E-087.86E-11WSW3,9311.33E-088.04E-111.34E-085.23E-117of7

APPENDIX7CPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-CLASS9ACCIDENTS

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7CLISTOFTABLESTableNumber7C-27C-3TitlePOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19800-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19860-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19900-TO10-MILERADIUS7C-4POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20000-TO10-MILERADIUS7C-5POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20100-TO10-MILERADIUS7C-6POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20200-TO10-MILERADIUS7C-77C-8POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20300-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19800-TO50-MILERADIUS7C-97C-107C-11POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19860-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19900-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20000-TO50-MILERADIUS7C-127C-13POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20100-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPUIATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20200-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20300.-,TO50-MILE'ADIUS NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7CLISTOFTABLES(Cont)TableNumberTitle7C-157C-167C-177C-187C-197C-207C-217C-227C-237C-247C-25POPULATIONDENSITYFOR19800-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR19860-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR19900-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR20000-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR20100-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20200-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20300-TO10-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR198010-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR198610-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR199010-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR200010-TO50-MILERADIUS7C-267C-277C-28POPULATIONDENSITYFOR201010-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR202010-TO50-MILERADIUSPOPULATIONDENSITYFOR203010-TO50-MIIERADIUS NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7CLISTOFFIGURESFigureNumberTitle7C-17C-20-10MILEPOPULATIONROSESQMILEPOPUIATIONROSE7C-iii

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSAPPENDIX7CPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTION-CLASS9ACCIDENTSPopulationdistributionwithinan80-km(50-mi)radiusofNineMilePointUnit2islistedbydistanceanddirectioninTables7C-1through7C-14.PopulationdensitiesarelistedinTables7C-15through7C-28.Figures7C-1and7C-2showthe16-and80-km(10-and50-mi)areaswithsectoroverlayscorrespondingtothetables.Populationdistributionbetween0and6km(0-3.7mi)wasdeterminedthroughadoor-to-doorsurveyconductedby,Stone6WebsterEngineeringCorporationonMay9through13,1982.Populationdistributionbeyond6km(3.7mi)wascalculatedusingthesamemethodsas'hosedescribedinSection2.5.1.Datafromthe1980U.S.CensusofPopulationand'the1981CanadianCensusofPopulationprovidedthebasisfortheestimates.Differencesbetweentotal0-50mipopulationand0-80kmpopulationpresentedinSection2.5.1areduetoroundingdifferencescausedbydifferentsubsectordefinition.7C-1 NineMilePointUnit2'ER-OLSBibliorah1.BureauoftheCensus.1980CensusofPopulation,AdvanceReports,U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,NewYork,1981.2."StatisticsCanada.InterimPopulationCountsforCensusDivisionsandCensusSubdivisions,1981,Ottawa,Canada,1982.3.StatisticsCanada.;Population:GeographicDistributions.1976Census,CensusDivisionsandSubdivisions:Ontario,Ottawa,Canada,June1977.4.StatisticsCanada.Population,ProjectionsforCanadaandProvinces1976-2001,June1980.5.NewYorkDepartmentofCommerce.1978OfficialPopulationProjectionsbyAgeandSexforNewYorkStateCounties,1979.6.EnvirodataCorp.DigitizedMapsofAreaWithin50MilesofNineMilePoint,1982.7C-2 NineMllePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE-7C-1POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19800-TO10"HILERADIUSDistancemiInner0.0-0.5"~Direcion~~1.1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0-~3~3~54,55.0-6.0-7.0-RIngsTotaINNEENEESESESSESSMSMMSMNMNNMTotaI0000000000000000000000000000000000000.000000000321308245504550025101074584364438320162000000000000000000000013053137496826566871710922811320136118132496075147146196285112680800000000000'16093663180351328435=7360000000000001279601233641584419779110115107561762121804361724212201931,618131.1801,1202,8449521911761p287229217=1,2377581,8173,975034915,20600000000009546,6929124,29110,17814,2106,94739,5672722,9048,9597,0811,76521,4601of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-2POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19860-TO10-MILERADIUSDirectionNNEENEESESSESSWSWWSWWNWNWNNW0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-~0.1.0~l.~2000000003239270502.0-2.5-~2.3.000000000331561145689Distancemi3'-3.5-4.0"~3.~4.~4.0000000000581508210772731311502711296181202769014666502408944942018000000005614017735312900000000090000000000040831631622175.0-7.0-8.5-~l.0InnerRingsTotaI01411364912262199107403175218871281181952354831914672141462112542441,7911991942408402,0121p2413,1501p0541,4221,3704,4031,95623,76935445,3241,0576p9703023,2169p9237i842TotaI701993893614818151,0361,0114,75311,27315,2987,69343p3791of1

NineHilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-3POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR19900-TO10"HILERADIUSDistancemiInnerDirection0.0-0.5"1.0-1.5-2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5"4.D-4.5-~4.~4.~05.0-6.0-~7.7.0-~8.8.5-Rings~ToaINNENEENEESESESSESSWSWWSWWNWNNWTotaI000000004251029053000000000000361606515886097770291201032008105524501900000000542696438917538336021000000000000007621341838951600000000631621511151411467816521292971311577167173233214115432234137209519188941272522055012301562282739032611p9242142092582p1611,3343,3831,1311,5301,4714,7301501903233,45410,6578,4232p10025,5251050000000005845,4151,1357,1838751,1151p0845,10312,10716p129Bp26246,2871of1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-4POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20000-TO10-MILERADIUS~airecion0.5-1.0-~1.1.5-2.0-2.0~2.Distancemi3.5-4.0-4.5-2.5-3.0-6.0-7.0-8.5-100IInnerRings~ToalNNEENEESESESSESSWSWWSWWNWNWNNWTotaI0000000000000000000,004284118011337518101061681118700000000007118417313116116789185903413711823148338150010623011017981761314942142681071571442392885722621782593112992p197244239294115491012001982662445922341,0312,468605143022300000000000038691712173703,94412,1679,6162,3981100000000011500000000046675,6011p296862444784455909981,2701,2395,82913,82117p8309,4351,5213,8641p2901,7471,6805,39929,1447,62052,2651of1 Jl NineHiiePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C"5POPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONFOR20100-TO10-NILERADIUS~DirecionNNEENEESESESSESSWSWWSWWNWNWNNW0.5-1.0-~1.~1000000000501300000001306900000000001.5-2.0-2.5-~2~2.3.0000000000000334721Distancemi3.0-3.5-4.0-~4~00000000000083214401601372717239311713512820895657118232231309605144253130000000.0000=080198252013600000000038872111715218771791281011042145-6.0-7.0-8.5-100IInnerRingsTotaI2001526653471,7671945742493042,5524p48869174883111812781241693342073013622841,4992782,0323421,952284"6882711,1972,8676,2737755,8441,5058,1884294,58114,13511,1732,78633,858TotaI0100284555517685li1611,4771,4386,76916p05720p05310,96160p0571of1

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NineHIiePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-23POPULATIONDENSITYFOR198610-TO50-NILERADIUSDistancemiDirectionNNENEENEESESE10.0-~12.70721039012.5-~1.0552001109515.0"~17.4574518413117.5-20.034128485814020.0-~2.0344522375117825.0-~0.03874174023330.0-~3.02165365632235.0-~4.020952967322240.0-~4.037190141413926245.0-~066737776521246208Average9='~OIO285501243525115.208SSE1251121371626539772,3082,01825980840SSWSWWSW1591691521481,2471151041891316315474782224797311678657370109634732348710117835227412116261241205195263150166237WNWNWNNW28323019359959347151 I NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-24POPULATIONDENSITYFOR199010-TO50-NILERADIUSDistancemiDirectionNNEENEESESE10.0-~12.75771109712.5-~1.0592151189410215.0-~17.4779549014017.5-~20.3445138516215020.0-~2354623405419125.0-~03912184324430.0-2267375733835.0-4I(4)21983047423440.0-~44138196151414027945.0-~072239796822249221Average~0.0307521273726118221SSE1341211471746841,0192,4072,10427083877SSWSWWSW1711821631581,3391242031416516579792314899324689060385110654922428810518535827512516962239213203274174246WNWNWNNW293331203610260357352

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-25POPULATIONDENSITYFOR200010-TO50-MILERADIUSDirection10.0-~12.12.5-~1.015.0-~17.17.5-~2.0Distancemi20.0-25.0-30.0-35.0-40.0-45.0-~2.030.0~3.40.0~4.0~0.0Average0cpII222141725308NNE3435396797383852NE67514646763730419679127ENE86882451359062157592645132053151470224029ESE1261071037162485873139247121SE116160171216267368254305240242SSES1531961,529232138"1681981897451,0992,5952,2692912493494152583759094765297SSW208141161507011592284240160SW18612570821069972117138236194WSW18665544205187224270WNWNNW293431203610260357452

NineNilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-26POPULATIONDENSITYFOR201010-TO50-NILERADIUSDirection10.0-~12.12.5-~l15.0-~17.17.5-~2.0Distancemi20.0-25.0-30.0-2335.0-~402240.0-45.0-Average~4.M.O~0-0.042837354NNE35364069100394053NE78584847783831320282131ENE102285157105721826830521424161573234433ESE146125120556277147261131SESSE1281771351601861951992302513054202923512752798531,2532,9602,5883321021,0812271,77627021928339747128839870333SSW241164187101527312197293244168SW216143768411411181131154264220WSW213.074611230210252300WNWNNW293331193610156357349

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-27POPULATIONDENSITYFOR202010-TO50-MILERADIUSDirection10.0-~12.12.5-~1.015.0-~17.17.5-20.0Distancemi20.0-25.0-30.0-~2.~0.0~3.02335.0"40.02240.0-45.0-~044975Average~0-.0409NNE37374170103404054ENE1159032964121492104834801639320206168475134481181818378612710162436ESE1691441389583636783158281144SE148156214229289353486337405316321SSE2051842252659871,4513,4282,9963851191,2522622,04931125232745854332542676377SSW27818921611576127102304252179SW249163838812412591148174298250WSW25183689260237284335WNWNWNNW283230173597503470

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE7C-28POPULATIONDENSITYFOR203010-TO50-MILERADIUSDirection10.0-~12.12.5-~l.015.0-~117.5-2II2IDistancemi20.0-25.0-30.0-~2.030.0~3.035.0-40.040.0-45.0-Average50.0~0-0.02423451,153480NNE37374272105414156104725149823932721186138ENE1323771392413817177753135208969070311010162541ESESESSESSW1941702351651792123192173012,352159109246263259305357290248130957275921743103334115663931,1511,6984,0113,5064693654501398356791341083162653825356333714601613721,464430191SWWSW2862881869091135142103167196337947802942683220283376WNWNNW026302815328939316435

NNWNNENWl0MilesNEWNW7.06.05.04.540'h5N7ARIENEWSWCyofOsegocrIaeMexicESE0wegoSWSE~SSWGranbyVolneyPalermo46SCALE-MILESIOIOSCALE-KILOMETERSl5FIGURE7C-IO-IOMILEPOPULATIONROSENIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

HASTINGSCO.PRINCEEDWARDCO.NWFRONTENACCOLENOXGiKlngstonADDINGTONiCO./NCE/PD8AI/+Pp~P/JEFFERSONCO.//cK'WateownPROVIN0NARWNWCAAAUNIIICOENELWICO.W50ml454055502520I75I5l25IO7p0SIEB0O.EONEDACO.WSWItoONFAAKESE~RomeWAYNECOIs(IBBBcaFallsI/II1GenevaONTARIOCO.SENCOWaterloo~CanandaiquaSUGACO./raUSBCO.0SSELAKESE1LMADISONCO.IOSCALE-MILES20FIGURE7C-250MILEPOPULATIONROSE1020SCALE-KILOMETERS50NIAGARAMOHAWKPOWERCORPORATIONNINEMILEPOINT-UNIT2ENVIRONMENTALREPORT-OLS

Ni.neMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER8THENEEDFORTHEPLANTTheneedforthepowertobegeneratedbyUnit2wasassessedindetailintheconstructionpermitstage.TherelevantsectionsoftheER-CPSwhichaddressthistopicareasfollows:ReferenceTitleSection1.2NeedforLocatingthePowerStationattheSiteSection8AlternativestotheProposedPowerStationSection9BenefitCostAnalysisThediscussionoftheneedfortheplantandtheneedforpowerpertainsspecificallytoCPSreview.Theseissuesarenotaddressedinthisreportinaccordancewitha10CFR51rulechangeaspresentedin47FR12940,whichprovidesforthedeletionofthisdiscussionintheER-OLS'-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSReferences1.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2,Applicant'sEnvironmentalReport,-ConstructionPermitStage,NRCDocketNo.50-410,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,June1972.2.OfficeoftheFederalRegister.NeedforPowerandAlternativeEnergyIssuesinOperationLicenseProceedings.47FR12940,GeneralServicesAdministration,Washington,DC,March26,1982.8-2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER9ALTERNATIVESTOTHEPROJECTAlternativeenergysourcesandsitesandalternativestationdesignswereevaluatedintheconstructionpermitstage'herelevantsectionsoftheER-CPSwhichaddressthistopicareasfollows:ReferenceSection8TitleAlternativestotheProposedPowerStationSection9BenefitCostAnalysisTheseissuesarenotaddressedinthisreportinaccordancewiththeamendmenttolOCFR51ascitedin47FR12940,whi:chprovidesforthedeletionofthisdiscussionintheER-OLS~~>>. NineMilePointUnit,2ER-OLSReferences1.NineMilePointNuclearStationUnit2,Applicant'sEnvironmentalReport-ConstructionPermitStage.NRCDocketNo.50-410,NiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation,June1972.I'.OfficeoftheFederalRegister.NeedforPowerandAlternativeEnergyIssuesinOperatingLicenseProceedings.47FR12940,GeneralServicesAdminis-tration,Washington,DC,March26,1982.9-2 NineMilePoint"Unit2.ER-OLSCHAPTER10.EVALUATIONOFTHE',PROPOSEDACTIONTABLEOFCONTENTSSection10.'110.1.110.1.210.210.2.110.2.210.310.410.4.110.4.1.110.4.1.210.4.210.4.2'10.4.2.2TitleSUMMARYOFUNAVOIDABLEADVERSEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSImpactsof.ConstructionImpactsofOperationF'IIRREVERSIBLEANDI'RRETRIEVABLE.COMMITMENTSOFRESOURCESIrreversibleResourceCommitmentsIrretrievableResourceCommitmentsRELATIONSHIPBETWEENSHORT-TERNUSESANDKONG-TERNPRODUCTIVITYOFMAN'ENVIRONMENTBENEFIT-COSTBALANCEBenefitsDirectBenefitsIndirectBenefitsCostsDirectCostsIndirectCostsPacae'10.1-110.1-110.;1-;110.2-110.2-110.2-110.3-110.4-110.4-110.4-110.4-110.4-110.4-110.4-1 Nine'ilePoint,Unit2ER-OLSCHAPTER10LIST'OFTABLESTableNumberTitle10.1-1SUMMARYOFUNAVOIDABLEADVERSEENVIRONMENTAIIMPACTS10.2-1ESTIMATEDQUANTITIESOFMATERIALSIRRETRIEVABLYCOMMITTEDTOTHECONSTRUCTIONANDOPERATIONOFUNIT2 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER10EVALUATIONOFTHEPROPOSEDACTION10.1SUMMARYOFUNAVOIDABLEADVERSEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS10.1.1ImpactsofConstructionTheimpactsofconstructionwereaddressedintheEnvironmentalReport-ConstructionPermitStageandarenot,addressedhere.10.1.2ImpactsofOperationTheimpactsassociatedwiththeoperationofUnit2areidentifiedanddiscussedinChapter5.ThemeasuresandcontrolsutilizedtolimitadverseoperationalimpactsarediscussedinSection5.10.ManyfeaturesofthedesignandoperationofUnit2acttolimitenvironmentalimpacts.Theestimatedimpactsthatremain,whilerelativelyminor,canbeconsideredadverseandunavoidable.TheseimpactsaresummarizedinTable10.1-1.10.1-1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE10.1-1SUMMARYOFUNAVOIDABLEADVERSEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS~CateorUnavoidableAdverseImactsHydrologicalandMaterUse(Sections5.2and5.3)Relativelylowgenerationofeffluentfromtwowastestreams:combinedplantdischarge(i.e.,coolingtowerblowdown,watertreatmentsystemdischarge,liquidradwaste,andservicewaterdischarge)andsanitaryeffluents,withimpactlimitedtoasmallareaofLakeOntario.AsmallvolumeofwaterwillberemovedfromLakeOntarioforplantoperation.Similarly,arelativelysmallvolumeofheatedwaterwillbereturnedtothelake.Ecological(Section5.3)TerrestrialMinimalimpacttoplantsoranimalsisexpectedduetoplantoperation.Projectedimpactislimitedtolossofasmallnumberofbirdsresultingfromcol-lisionswithtransmissiontowersandlinesandthepowerplantcoolingtower,stack,andbuildings.AquaticThesmallvolumeofwaterutilizedforplantoperationsandtheincorporationofafishdiversionsystemaspartoftheplantdesignareanticipatedtoresultinundetectableimpactstoLakeOntarioaquaticpopulations.Thetransmissionsystemmaintenanceprogramhasbeendesignedsothattherewillbelittleornoimpactonthefewaquatichabitatscrossedbythetransmissionlinecorridor.Socioeconomic(Section5.8)Timitedimpactwillresultfromvisibil-ityofcoolingtowerandplumeundercer-tainmeteorologicalconditions.1of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE10.1-1(Cont)~CateorUnavoidableAdverseImactsRadiological(Section5.4)Smallquantitiesofradionuclideswillbereleasedtotheenvironmentduringroutine'operationofthestation.Thesereleasesresult'ndoseslowerthanthedesignobjectivesestablishedinAppendixIoflOCFR50andtherebymeettheas-low-as-is-reasonably-achievablephilosophy.AtmosphericandMeteorological(Section5.3)Limitedshadowingandcloudcovermodifi-cationduetothevisibleplumewillresultfromoperationofthenatural-draftcoolingtower.2of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS10.2IRREVERSIBLEANDIRRETRIEVABLECOMMITMENTSOFRESOURCES10.2.1IrreversibleResourceCommitmentsThecommitmentofanenvironmentalresourceinsuchamannerthattheresourcecannotreturninthefuturetoitsoriginalstateisconsideredirreversible.Onthisbasis,theonlyresourcecommittedinamannerconsideredirreversibleisaportionoflandatthesitethatcontainsthesubstationswitchyardandtransmissioncorridors,whichmayremaininNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporation'selectricalgrid(Section5.9.2).Theseareastotal1.9ha(4.6acres),orlessthan1percentofthe364-ha(900-acre)site(Section5.1.1).10.2~2IrretrievableResourceCommitmentsThecommitmentofamaterialresourceinsuchamanner.that,afteritsusebyUnit2,itcannotberecycledorrestoredbypractical(oreconomical)meansforanotherfunctionistermedirretrievable.ThesecommitmentsareidentifiedinTable10.2-1.10.2-1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE10.2-1ESTIMATEDQUANTITIESOFMATERIALSIRRETRIEVABLYCOMMITTEDTOTHECONSTRUCTIONANDOPERATIONOFUNIT2MaterialCementStructuralsteelElectricalcable9.4x104metrictons(1.03xl0~shorttons)1.60x10"metrictons(1.76x104tons)1.98xl0~linm(6.35xl0linft)ResourcesU.S.productionofcement(1980):6.97x10~metrictons(7.68x10shorttons).S.rawsteelproduction(1980):1.0lx10metrictons(1.12x10tons)'ASulfuricacid11.01metrictons/dayU.STproduction(1979):maximum3.9x10~metrictons(12.14shorttons/day)(4.3x10shorttons)odiumhydroxide0.76metrictons/daymaximum(0.84shorttons/day)U.S.production(1979):1.16x10~metrictons(1.28x10shorttons)etroleumproducts'~'ieselfuel5.08x10~l(1.34x10~gal)Gasoline2.55x101(6.75x10~gal)Fueloil3.31xl01(8.75xl04gal)U.S.provedreservesofcrudepetroleum(1979):4.30x10'~1(1.14xlo'al)'of2

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSTABLE10.2-1(Cont)MaterialUraniumantitiesUsed6.73xl0~metrictons(7.41xl0shorttons)ResourcesFreeworldproduc-tionofU3OQ(1980):5.14x10~metrictons(5.67x104shorttons)'>'Source:BureauoftheCensus.StatisticalAbstractoftheUnitedStates-1981,U.S.DepartmentofCommerce.'~'BasedononehalfofthetotalsestimatedforRiverBendStation,Units1and2.EnvironmentalReport-OperatingLicenseStage,Section10.2.2of2

NineMilePointUnit.2ER-OLS10.3RELATIONSHIPBETWEENSHORT-TERMUSESANDLONG-TERMPRODUCTIVITYOFMAN'SENVIRONMENTThelocaluseofman'senvironmentbytheprojectcanbesummarizedintermsoftheunavoidableadverseenvironmentalimpactsofoperationdiscussedinSection10.1andtheirreversibleandirretrievablecommitmentsofresourcesdiscussedinSection10.2.Exceptfortheconsumptionofdepletableresourcesresultingfromplantconstructionandoperation,theseusesmaybeclassifiedasshortterm(i.e.,overthelifeoftheplant).Theprincipalshort-termbenefitoftheplantistheproductionofelectricalenergy.Whenusedforthispurpose,theeconomicproductivityofthesitewillbeextremelylargecomparedwiththeproductivityfromagricultureorotherprobableuses.Themaximumlong-termimpacttoproductivitywillresultfromthepermanentremovalof1.9ha(4.6acres)oflandthatwillnotbeavailableforanyotheruseafterdecommissioning(Section10.2.1).However,theshort-termenhancementofregionalproductivityresultingfromtheelectricalenergyproducedbytheplantisexpectedtoresultinacorrespondinglylargeincreaseinregionallong-termproductivitythatprobablywouldnotbeequaledbyanyotherlong-termuseofthesite.Mostlong-termimpactsresultingfromland-usepreemptionwillbeeliminatedbyconversionofthesitetootherusesfollowingUnit2decommissioning(Section5.9.2).Thus,thenegativeaspectsofplantconstructionandoperationastheyaffectman'senvironmentareoutweighedbythepositive,long-termincreaseinregionalproductivitycausedbyshort-termenhancementofproductivityresultingfromthegenerationofelectricalenergy.10.3-1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS10.4BENEFIT-COSTBALANCE10.4'Benefits10.4.1.1DirectBenefitsTheprimarybenefitofUnit2isthegenerationofelectric'owertomeetthegrowingdemandintheco-ownerelectricsystem.Theapproximately7.13billionkWh/yrofenergythatUnit,2willproducewillgotoresidential,industrial,andcommercialcustomersthroughouttheservicearea.10.4.1.2IndirectBenefitsIndirectbenefitsassociatedwiththeconstructionandoperationofUnit2(describedindetailinSection5.8.2)areprimarilyeconomicinnatureandincludetaxpayments,increasedemployment,andexpendituresforengineering,materials,andfuelprocessingwhichwillbemadeinNewYorkStateaswellasotherpartsofthecountry.AdditionalbenefitsincidenttotheconstructionandoperationofUnit2includetheextensivestudiesoftheecology,geology,hydrology,archeology,andmeteorologyoftheareawhichhavecontributedsignificantlytoman'knowledgeoftheenvironment.Finally,theEnergyInformationCenter,presentlyoperatedattheNineMilePointsitebyNiagaraMohawkPowerCorporationandthePowerAuthorityoftheStateofNewYork,willcontinuetoprovideeducationalandrecreationalbenefitsforthousandsofvisitorsannually.10.4.2Costs10.4.2.1DirectCostsThecosttoconstructUnit2isestimatedtobe43.7billion.TheestimatedannualcosttooperateUnit2forthefirstfullyearofoperation(1987),includingfixedcharges,fuelcosts,operationandmaintenancecosts,overhead,insurancecosts,anddecommissioningcosts,is$890million.Totaloperatingcostsoverthelifetimeoftheplantareestimatedtobe$42billion.10.4.2.2IndirectCostsTheindirectcostsofUnit2anticipatedtoresultfromtheenvironmentalimpactssummarizedinprevioussectionsofthischapter,whiledifficulttoquantify,havebeeninvestigatedandarebelievedtobeminorrelativetothebenefitsderivedfromtheproject.10.4-1

NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSCHAPTER11SUMMARYOFACTIONSTAKENDuringtheconstructionpermitstage,severalcommitmentsweremadeandrequirementswere-imposedtoprotect,theenvironmentduringtheconstructionandoperationofUnit2.Thesecommitments/requirementsaredescribedintheUnit2EnvironmentalReport-ConstructionPermitStage(ER-CPS),FinalEnvironmentalStatement(FES),andtheConstructionPermit...EnvironmentalcommitmentsandrequirementspertinenttotheoperationofUnit2aresummarizedinthischapter.Thefollowingsummariesprovideareferencetothesource(s)ofthecommitment/requirement,identifythenatureofthecommitment/requirement,anddescribetheactiontakenbyNMPCtosatisfythecommitment/requirement:l.AsLowAsPracticable(ALAP)DischargeCriteria.2.LandscapingProgram.3.Dike.4.PlantingAlongTransmissionLineCorridor.5.EquipmentCleaning.6.AquaticMonitoringandImpactAssessmentPrograms.7.ThermalMonitoringProgram.8.RadiologicalMonitoringProgram.9.LiquidDischargesContainingOil.10.PermittoOperateStandbyDieselGenerators.11.DisposalofMiscellaneousSolidWaste.12.MeteorologyData.13.WaterQualityofDischargeDuringOperation.11-1 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSl.AsLowAsPracticable(ALAP)DischargeCriteria

References:

FESSection3.5CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:TheradwastesystemasdesignedwillutilizetheequipmentdescribedinSection3.5'ftheFEStomeettheALAPdischargecriteria,whichwillbedescribedintheappropriatetechnicalspecifications.SeeER-OLSSection3.5andFSARChapter11foradescriptionoftheUnit2radwastesystems.2.LandscapingProgram

References:

FESSection4.1CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:Alandscapingprogramshallbeimplementedconstructioniscomplete,asdiscussedinSection3.1.afterER-OLS3.Dike

References:

FESSection4.1andER-CPSSection4.4CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:Adikeshallbeconstructedtopreventshorelineerosionandadvancingwaverunup.Detailsoftherevetment-ditch(dike)systemarepresentedinFSARSection2.4.,2.4.PlantingAlongTransmissionLineCorridor

References:

FESSection4.1,4.12CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:BaselineenvironmentalstudiesconductedalongtheUnit2-Volney-345-kVtransmissionlinecorridoraredescribedinER-OLSSections2.4.1.2,2.4.2.2,and6.5.1andinNMPC'sArticleVIIApplicationtotheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission.MeasuresthatNMPCproposestoemploytoavoidorminimizeadverseenvironmentaleffectsduringtransmissionlineoperationandmaintenanceare11-2 .NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSidentifiedinER-OLSSections3.7,5.1.2,5.6.1,andtheArticleVIIapplication.5.EquipmentCleaning

References:

FESSection4.2andER-CPSSection3.8CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:Chemicalsusedforcleaningequipment,willbehandledinaccordancewiththeSPDESpermitrequirements.6.AquaticMonitoringandImpactAssessmentPrograms

References:

FESSections5.5.2and6.1andER-CPSSections5.1.1,5.5.6.1,5.5.6.2,andtheConstructionPermit.CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:AaticMonitorinProramPreoperationalaquaticmonitoringprogramswereconductedforUnit2todeterminethetaxonomiccompositionofthebiotaandtocharacterizethetemporal/spatialabundanceanddistributionofmajorgroupsandselectedspeciesintheNineMilePoint,vicinityofLakeOntario.Thebioticgroupsstudiedincludephytoplankton,microzooplankton,macrozooplankton,icthyop1ankton,benthicinverteb'rates,periphyton,andnekton(fish).ThemethodologiesemployedduringthesemonitoringprogramsandtheresultsofthestudiesarepresentedinER-OLSSections6'.2.1and2.4.2.1,respectively.EntrainmentEffectsFisheggsandlarvaewerecollectedoffshoreofthesiteandattheintakeanddischargeofUnit1.In1972,aprogramwasconductedtomeasurefishcollectedontrashracksandtravelingscreens.ThestudiesarediscussedinER-OLSSections5.3.1.2and6.5.2.1.IminementSurveMonitoringwasperformedtodetermineandsizeoffishimpingedatUnit1FitzPatrickplant.TheresultsofrelevancetotheUnit2intakedesignthenumber,species,andtheJamesA.thisstudyanditsand'ieldsampling11-3 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLSprogramarediscussedinER-OLSSections2.4.2.1,3.4,5.3.1.2,and6.5.2.1.ScreenwellFishRemovalandDiversionSstemThescreenwellforUnit2allowsfortheinstallationoffishremovalequipmentwhichwillremovefishfrominfrontofthetravelingscreens.Thescreenwellalsocontainsafishdiversionsystem,returningthefishtothelake.ThefishdiversionsystemisdescribedinER-OLSSection5.3.1.2.7.ThermalMonitoringProgram

References:

FESSection6.2andER-CPSSections5.5.6.4and5.5.6.5.CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:FieldinvestigationsofthethermalplumesfromUnit1andtheJamesA.FitzPatrickplantwereconductedinordertocorrelatethedataobtainedfromtheaquaticenvironmentprogram.Thefieldinvestigations,whichwerecarriedoutduringdifferent,seasonsusingavarietyofmeasuringtechniques,arereportedinER-OLSSections2.3.1and6.1.1.FieldinvestigationsoftemperatureandcurrentpatternswerealsoperformedatthelocationoftheUnit1intakeanddischarge.TheseinvestigationswereconductedtoverifymodelingpredictionsandarereportedinER-OLSSections2.3.1,6.1.1,6.3.1,and6.3.2.AcomprehensivepreoperationalwaterqualitymonitoringprogramwasconductedintheNineMilePointvicinity.ThemethodologiesassociatedwiththemonitoringprogramandtheresultsofthestudiesarereportedinER-OLSSections6.6.2and2'.3,respectively.8.RadiologicalMonitoringProgram

References:

FESSection6.3,ER-CPSSection5.5.6.7,andtheConstructionPermit.CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:Thepreoperationalradiologicalmonitoringprogramwillbesupplementedtobeusableforoperationalmonitoring.Detailsareprovidedin.ER-OLSSection6.2.11-4 NineMilePointUnit2ER-OLS9.LiquidDischargesContainingOil

References:

ER-CPSSection3.7.1CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:Unit2operationaldischargeswhichmaypotentiallycontainoil,suchasthosefromthemainandreservestationtransformerareaandthedieselgeneratorbuildingdrains,willberoutedtoanoil/waterseparatorpriortodischarge.SeeER-OLSSection3.6.3foradditionaldetails.10.PermittoOperateStandbyDieselGenerators

References:

ER-CPSSection3'CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:TheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC),byletterdatedJanuary7,1982,notifiedNMPCthatthestandbydieselgenerators(emergencydiesels)areexemptfromthepermittingprocess.11.DisposalofMiscellaneousSolidWaste

References:

ER-CPSSection5.4.7CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:Solidwastegeneratedonsite,suchaslunchroomwaste,officewastepaper,machineshopscraps,andtrashcollectedonthecoolingwaterinlettrashracks,willbehauledoffsitefordisposalatanapprovedlandfillsite.12.MeteorologyData-

References:

ER-CPSSection5.5.6CommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:MeteorologicaldatahavebeenroutinelycollectedattheNineMilePointsitesince1974.ThemeteorologicalmonitoringprogramisdescribedinER-OLSSection6.4.MeteorologicaldatafortheperiodsJanuary1974throughDecember1976andNovember1978throughOctober1980wereusedtoassessoperationalimpactsrelatedtoUnit2.These11-5 Nine'ilePointUnit2ER-OLSdataarepresentedinER-OLSSection2.7andFSARSection2.3.13.WaterQualityofDischargeDuringOperation

References:

ConstructionPermitCommitmentRequirement/ActionTaken:NMPCwillcomplywiththewaterqualitystandards,effluentlimitations,monitoringandreportingrequirementspursuanttotherequirementsoftheNYSDEC401WaterQualityCertificationandSPDESpermitissuedforUnit2.CopiesofthesedocumentsareincludedinER-OLSChapter1.AfurtherdiscussionofcompliancewithwaterqualitystandardsandeffluentlimitationsispresentedinER-OLSSection5.5.2.1.11-6}}