ML18026A324
| ML18026A324 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Susquehanna  |
| Issue date: | 01/30/1981 |
| From: | Tedesco R Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| To: | Curtis N PENNSYLVANIA POWER & LIGHT CO. |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8102270664 | |
| Download: ML18026A324 (21) | |
Text
Docket Nos.:
50-387 and 50-388
'OE ElE
Dear Mr. Curtis:
Distribution:
Docket Files LBII'1 Rdg DEisenhut JAN 3 0 1SSl JYoungblood RStahk MRushbrook Ryollmer TMurley DRoss Mr.
Norman M. Curtis RTedesco yice President - Engineering RHartfield, MPA and Construction
" OELD Pennsylvania Power and Light Company,.,,,,,
Two North 9$,nth Street Allentown, Pennsylvania 1310),,,...,, ;,,.
bcc:
TERA NRC/PDR L/PDR NSIC TIC ACRS (16)
Subject:
Susquehanna Steam Electric Statiop,,
UgiEts Nos.
1 and, 2 - gequest for Additional Information ll As a result of our review of your appl jcatiEon. for operati,ng licenses for the Susquehanna Steam Electric Plant,
>re have sureparjzed our findings of the control room design and layout..
Tgis summary.documents.oprEposifions,for the scheduled February 3 meeting.
This summary is the result of: (1) the Susquehanna,.control room review visit which took place on October 27-31, 198),,(2}, the exit interview with, PP8L on October 31, 1980 and (3) p phone conyersation wi,th PAL on January 16, 1981.
If you desire any discussion or clarification of tPe information requested, please contact R.
M. Stark, Licensing gpoject,ganager, (301-492-7238)...
Sincerely, 98gtnal Etgn~ $g Robert L. TEQSSCN Robert L. Tedesco, Assistant Director for Licensing Division of Licensing
Enclosure:
As stated cc w/encl.:
See next page
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Mr. Norman W,
Curtis'ice President
- Engineering and Construction Pennsylvania Power and Light Company-.
2 North Ninth Street Allentown, Pennsyl vani a 18101 CC:
Mr. Earle M. Mead Project Engineering Manager
'ennsylvania Power
& Light Company 2 North Ninth Street Allentown, Pennsylvania 18101 Jay Silberg, Esq.
.Shaw, Pi ttman, Potts Trowbridge 1800 M Street, N.
W.
Washington, D.
C.
20036 Mr. William E. Barberich, Nuclear Licensing Group Supervisor Pennsylvania Power
& Light Company 2 North Ninth Street Al 1 entown, Pennsy1 vani a 18101 Edward M. Nagel, Esquire General Counsel and Secretary Pennsylvania Power
& Light-Company 2 North Ninth Street Allentown, Pennsylvania 18101 Bryan Snapp, Esq.
Pennsylvania Power
& Light Company 2 North Ninth Street Allentown, Pennsyl vani a 18101 Robert M. Gallo Resident Inspector P.
0.
Box 52 Shi ckshinny, Pennsylvania 18655
, John L.;:Anderson Oak Ridge National Laboratory Union Carbide Corporation Bldg. 3500, P. 0.
Box X
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Gerald R. Schultz, Esq.
Susquehanna Environmental Advocates P. 0.
Box 1560 Wikes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Mr. E.B, Poser Project Engineer Bechtel Power Corporation P.
0.
Box 3965 San Francisco, California 94119 Matias F. Travieso-Diaz, Esq.
Shaw, Pittman, Potts Trowbridge 1800 M Street, N.
W.
Washington, D.
C.
20036 Dr. Judith H. Johnsrud Co-Director Environmental Coalition on Nuclear Power 433 Orlando Avenue'tate
- College, Pa 16801 Mr. Thomas il. Gerusky, Director Bur eau of Radiation. Protection Department of Environmental Resources Commonwealth of Pennsylvania P.
0.
Box 2063 Harrisburg, Pa 17120 Ms. Colleen Marsh Box 538A, RD//4 Mountain Top, PA 18707 Mrs. Irene Lemanowicz, Chairperson The Citizens Against Nuclear Danagers P. 0.
Box 377 RDi/1
- Berwick, PA -18503 Mr. J.W. Millard Project MAnager Mail Code 394 General Electric Company 175 Curtner Avenue San Jose, California 95125
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING CONTROL ROOM DESIGN REVIEW REPORT SUHUEIIAII IA UIII PENNSYLVANIA PO'tlER'5 LIGHT COMPANY A human factors engineering design review of the Susquehanna Unit 1, control room was performed during the week of October 27-31, 1980.
This design review was carried out by a team from the Human Factors Engineering 8ranch, Division of Human Factors Safety.
The review team was assisted by human factors consultants from BioTechnology, Inc. (Falls Church, Virginia) and from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (University of California, Livermore, California).
4 Observed human factor design deficiencies were given a priority rating of one to three, (hjghA moderate, low), based on the increased potential for operator error and the possible consequences of that error.
The following sections summarize the team's observations of the control room design and layout and of the control room operator interfaces with that environment.
Section 1
ANNUNCIATORS a.
The annunciator system does not alert the operator
. that an alarmed parameter has cleared and returned to normal.
The operator would not be kept totally informed of system conditions.
(Category 1) b, The audible alarm does not direct the operator to the alarming panel because the system has one cordon audible alarm.
(Category 2) c.
Except for panel No.
05A (AR3) there are no coordinates on the annunciator panels.
(Category 2) d.
The area radiation annunciators are located throughout the control room.
(Category 3) e.
The audible alarm sound intensity level was low (about 1
dbA above ambient).
Average measured ambient sound level was 61 dbA.
(Category 1) f.
The computer audible alarm (chime) 'intensity level was nearly equal to the intensity of the ambient sound level.
g.
The unfinished control room floor could have contributed to erroneous sound level readings, therefore, the sound levels sould be reviewed when the control room construction is completed.
(Category 1)
I Section 2
CONTROLS a,
Controls used for "open/close" functions are not consistent on position indications.
- Some controls have "open" on the left and "close" on the'~ri ht; others are reversed.
(Category 1)
Examples:
(1)
Diesel Generator "J" handles (OC653) have "open" on the left.
(2)
COND.
TNL Make Up push buttons (OC653) have
".open" on the right.
(3)
HX Level Control R6048 (Baily Controller) has "open" on the right; while other Baily Controllers have "open" on the "left."
The same deficiency applies to other controls with similar functions, e.g.,
START-STOP, FAST-SL01rl, AUTO-MANUAL.
b.
Many controls lack position markings.
(Category 1)
Examples:
(1)
CRD F'eed Pump A and B.
(2)
Recombiner CCW Pump 2P145 (OC673, off Gas Recombiner-Adsorber.
c.
The Bailey. Type Controls are not clearly direct-acting or reverse acting, e.g.,
100 percent open versus 100 percent closed.
(Category 1)
Example:
(1)
CRD Hydraulics (1C601) d.
Many controls lack function identification:
(Category 2)
Examples:
(1)
"Fast/Slow" Pushbuttons on 1C651, Condensate and Feed
'ater (2)
Rotary Switches (3) on Panel OC763, Off Gas Recombiner-Adso} ber.
e.
On Panel 1C651 (Recirculation, Rx water) several rotary control switches have the control open position is simply "open."
(Category 3) f.
g.
h.
i One J-handle control switch location and type makes it subject to accidential activation (Panel 1C651) Generator
. and Transformer, Gen.
Syn.
Bkr 230 kV).
(Category 1)
Key operated switches have no key inserted, and keys which are available are not coded to the switch which they will fit (Panel
- 1C601, ECCS Bench board).
Also there are two key operated switches on an auxiliary panel with no keys (OC673, Off Gas Recombiner - Adsorber; cross,.
connect).
(Category 1)
Some functional groups of controls which have separate panels for Division 81 and Division 82, or channel A and B, have the paired groups as 'l1irror image" layouts.
However this is not consistent for 'all paired groups.
(Category 2)
Example:
- i. 'ndicator lights associated
~rith control switches (most bench board) cannot be tested.
Lamps are single filament
. and lamp failure, cannot be determined easily.
(Category 2)'here is no coding to readily distinguish between controls for pumps, valves, and throttling valves.
(Category 2)
Several spring loaded rotary control switches ivhich must be held in the actuating position are fatiguing to the operators.
(Category 1)
Example:
CONTROL RELATIONSHIPS a.
Some system controls are mirror-image.
(Category 2)
Examples:
Division 1
and 2 safety relief valve switches.
(Panel 19C)
Vertical meters for Unit 1
and Unit 2 (Panel 93B).
Some relationships are not direct.
(Category 3)
Examples:
Automatic Depressurization System (ADS) push buttons A, 8, C,
D do not correspond to the SRVs below (Panel 19C).
c ~
The SRV switches on Panel 19C are not functionally grouped.
(Category 3)
4 d.
There is insufficient demarcation.
(Category 3)
SECTION 4 GENERAL DISPLAYS a.
There are long strings (5 to 10) of scale indicators with no demarcation or group labeling.
(Category 1)
Examples:
(1)
>1eteorological and Water Containment Services (Panel OC-653).
{2)
High Pressure Coolant Injection (Panel 1C601).
b.
..Several meters have scales with non-standard increments, or w>th no units indication (e.g.,
amps, volts,...) {Category 1)
Examples:
{1)
Panel 1C668, Unit Services Bench Board, CLgTWR Basin. Scales
'are 2. 5, 3; 5,. etc..
(2)
Panel'C653,'lant Operating Bench Board, Meteorological and Mater Containment Services, DG Meter Scale has incremental progression in tenths of K amps while the display label reads amps.
(3)
Panel OC673 Off Gas Recombiner
-. Adsorber; scales do not have unit indications.
c.
Adjacent meters for channel A
8.
B do not have the same scale (Panel OC 653 Plant Operating Bench Board, Heteorological and Water Containment Services).
(Category 1) 3 d.
Several sets of indicator lights not associated with controls are located on panel OC673, Off Gas Recombiner - Adsorber.
The convention on all other boards of the control room is to used this type of indicator for control position {or for control. and related valve/breaker position).
(Category 2)
Examples:
(1)
H2 Analyzer System Alarm Bypass (2)
Recombiner Unit 81/Common to Charcoal System e.
The HX Level Demand Signal (RX604-Bl) display reads out demand values rather than actual va'1ues (Panel
- 1C601, Reactor Core Cooling Benchboard).
(Category 1)
The DCS configuration mimic on. the Standby Information Panel (1C652) is a very useful tool for determining DCS status."
This usefulness is diminished because the green indicator lights (not following plant convention) repre-senting TRU. status are difficult to discriminate whether they are actually on or are being illuminated by the ceiling lights.
(Category 3)
Section 5 CONTROL/DISPLAY ARRANGEMENT a.
'b.
C.
d.
e.
The Reactor Feed Pump Turbine A, 8, C cooler discharge Hi temperature annunciator is located on Panel AR-23'(approxi-mately nine feet away).
(Category 2)
Controls and displays for Generator H2.
Gen.
H2 CLR Temp, TIC-0955 and H2 to Gen.
Temp. TI-0929 are located on Panel AR-23 while the annunciators are on Panel AR-26 which is approximately 10 feet away.
(Category 3)
The Manual Isolation Switches (1C651 Panel k7) have no associated display on the benchboard to show that isolation has occurred.
An annunciator message and valve displays are provided on the ECCS Panel which is approximately 20 feet aivay.
(1C601, Panel 19 and 20).
(Category 1)
There is no annunciator message to draw operator attention when turbine bypass valves open.
Operator must detect the change from gree to red of the legend lights on the benchboard.
(Category 1)
NOTE:
Procedure No. ON-43-001, step 3.3, requires bypass valve position verification as part of verification of reactor
- scram, per E0-00-001.
The backup information of the Rx water cleanup system "RCU",
upon failure of CRT displays, is located some ten feet away from the controls (on Standby Information Panel).
The same applies to the Rod Control System, as the backup information is about,15 feet way.
(Category 2) 9, Rod withdraw and rod insert push button switches have the same appearance as associated indicators.
This might create selection errors.
(Category 1)
The turbine-generator control panel does not have an indication of automatic operation of EBOP-HS-1936 or ESOP-HS-10182.
All other controls on this panel have auto operation indi-cation.
(Category 2)
The Manual Steam Isolation and RCIC Turbine Trip push-buttons are not recessed (or protected) to avoid accidental activation subpanel 17C.
(Category 1)
The containment pressure and the containment temperature meters are not adjacent, also the suppression chamber pressure and the suppression chamber temperature meters are not adjacent, subpanel 20B.
(Category 2)
The controls HU 5713, HU 5714, HU 5711 are used together but arenot adjacent.
Controls
- 5703, 5704, and 5705 are used together but are not adjacent.
Both sets of controls are not lined up for sequence of use, subpanel 20C.
(Category 3)
Containment or suppression pool chamber pressure vertical scale does not present information in the form or with the precision that the operator needs.
(Scale presently reads 0 to 20 psia operator needs scale to read 0 to +
15 psig), subpanel
]OB.
(Category 1)
RX VESSEL LVL 'vertical scale and SAFE GUARD PRESSURE chart recorders are not adjacent, subpanel 21B.
(Category 3)
The displays on two sections of panel 1C601 are placed differently (section 22B versus Section 17B).
There is no separation between the vertical meters on section 22B.
(Category 3) n.
For the control rod drive panel, the NMS (IRt1, APRll) display is on CRT. If the CRT display is not available the operator must use the indication on the stand-by information panel 10 feet away.
(Category 3) 0, p.
There are two controls labeled Normal/Inop on the Operating Bench Board (OBB). It is difficult to determine their function and there is no associated display.
(Category 3)
Reactor level char t recorder and reactor pressure chart recorder are not adjacent.
The two RHR chart recorders are not adjacent, subpanel 18B.
(Category 3)
SECTION 6 LABELI'NG AND CODING In general labeling of components on the boards is not con-sistent with the nomenclature used on the drawings.
'a
~
Nomenclautre for Division 1
and Division 2 is not used consistently, e.g.,
(Categor~ 1)
(1)
Section A, Section B on status display (Panel 17B)
(2)
System 1, System 2 on status display (Panel 18B)
(3)
A, B on annunciators (Panel 19A). '
b.
Incorrect spelling, e.g.,
(Category 1)
(1)
"TURCIC" should be "TO RCIC" (Panel 17B)
(2)
"HX 4 VENT" on POSN F104A vertical scale should be "HX a VENT" (3)
INLET VLV POSN temperature vertical scale should be relabeled.
(Should be changed to OUTLET VLV POSN).
Corresponding throttle valve is OUTLET HV 125A, subpanel 188.
c.
Missing labels, e.g.,
(Category 1)
(1)
No label on chart r'ecorder that is next to the DRNL EOPT DRN SUMP recorder (Panel 16B)
I (2)
Division 1 and Division 2 Safety Relief Valve switches are not labeled (Panel 19C)
(3)
There are no labels to indicate which scales are for Unit 1 or Unit 2 (Panel 938)
(4)
"CORE SPRAY" should be on a label.
(Panel 21B)
(5)
Switch position on Containment Moisture Select control are not marked or labeled.
(6)
The key switch Scram Discharge Volume Bypass and the key mode selector switch at the panel of control rod drive have no labels.
(7)
Many pushbuttons and displays at the HVAC Panel are not labeled.
d.
Bailey controllers are not labeled (Panel 18B).
(Category 1) e.
The meaning of the red and blue lines on chart recorder are defined but the green line is not (Panel 208).
(Category 3) f.
Unconventional labeling, e.g.,
(Category 1)
(1)
Bailey displays are labeled above while vertical scale displays are labeled below, (Panel 18B)
(2)
Poor scale design.
Scale is labeled in.3 units.
(Panel 42B)
(3)
AC Megawatts (Panel 42B)
(4)
The letters R, B, and 6 on the chart recorders were used to indicate red, blue, and green color code rather than (for example) red, blue, and green filled circles.
(Panel 20B)
(5)
Some scales are hand written.
(Panel 93B)
(6)
Because of the label position, it is not clear to which indicator the label INBOARD VALVE E32-F002B refers.
(Back panel
'IC644)
(7)
Decimals are used on Amp meter scales.
(Panel 248) g.
Inconsistent labeling, e.g.,
(Category 1)
(1)
A, B, C, D Automatic Depression Switch arm pushbutton does not refer to the A, B, C, D Safety Relief Valve switches below.
(Panel 19C)
(2)
Use of PSIA, PSI, and PSIG (Panel 428) h.
Excessive labeling, e.g., all 16 Safety Relief Switches start their labeling with "Safety. Relief....."
(Category 3) i.
Labels over recorders are too high to read.
(Category 3) j.
On OC 673, Off Gas Recombiner-Adsorber, the 2 cross-.
connect controls have inconsistent/inaccurate identifica-tion labels.
- Cross-connect to adsorbers 1/2 HY-.17190 (Ad.)
- Cross-connect to absorbers HV-27190 (Ab.)
Also, the mimic has some directional arrows and end point labels missing.
Also, the mimic color (purple/violet) has an unknown meaning and does not appear to be part of mimic color convention used in the control room.
(Category 1) k.
The demarcation is not complete; i.e.:
(Category 3)
(a) klhile there is good demarcation between panels, there is not enough use made of demarcation within panels.
Rows of identical push buttons are of concern; Feed Pump and Containment Atmosphere Control panels are an example.
(b)
The demarcation on apron panel does not extend through the display pane'I.
C
'I r
1.
The Mimics are not complete; e.g.:
(Category 1)
(a)
(b)
<{c)
Main purpose of mimic is to show LPIC flow.
Additional RHR mimic on this panel i's confusing (Panel 18C)
There are three options for emergency cooling, one of which is the LPCI.
The other two options are not differentially color coded from LPCI. If differentiated color coding cannot be done on panel, the three options should be differentially color coded on CRT.
Mimic is inconclusive; it ends in middle of panel
- (Panel 18C).
Mimic "origin" and "destination" are not called out (Panel 18C).
SECTION 7
COMPUTEqS (a) Color convention used on CRT displays is different from the color convention used for control indicators on the bench boards.
Also differs from benchboard mimic colors wher e they exist.
.(Category 2)
(b) Color discrimination on CRTs is difficult in some instances, particularly between white and cayan, and between green and yellow.
Difficultyis compounded where a screen glare pro-b'lem exists.
(Category 2)
(c) Glare is a problem on CRT screens as a result of ambient illumination, both direct and reflected.
One CRT (1C651) has a "non-glare" screen which alleviates the glare problem, but introduces some fuzziness to the displayed information.
Glare on CRT {1, 3, and 8 plus the 2 on UMC) display affects readability.
(Category 2)
(d) There is no correlation between the formats which appear on the CRTs (e.g.,
1A) and the associated system select control positions which are labeled in abbreviated words with no numbers.
(Category 2)
(e) The CRT system select controls have a "master" position which enables the SRO to display the appropriate format for each system on the Unit Operating Bench Board
{UOBB) from a single location in the event of an emergency.
If the switch has been left in other than "Master" position, remote mastering for that CRT cannot be accomplished, and there is no indicator to tell the SRO that mastering was not accomplished.
(It is possible that. the incorrect format may be on the screen.)
(Category 3)
C (f) Although the controls for the DCS CRTs are proximally located to the CRT, there is no functional label to indicate that they are CRT'controls.
(Category 2)
(g) The CRT "System Select" for "Format Select" controls are in top-to-bottom order; the associated push-buttons are in left-to-right order, but with "Format Select Enable" on the left, and "System Group Menu" on the right, which is a reversal of convention.
(Category 3)
(h) The two CRT screens at the Plant Monitoring Console (OC 683) are satisfactorily recessed in the console and angled up toward the seated operator's eye reference point.
- However, when both Units ¹1 and ¹2 are being monitored, the single keyboard will be centered between the two CRTs, causing a
poor viewing angle (left/right) for the seated operator.
The viewing angle for a standing operator is poor because of the deeply recessed CRTs.
(Category 3)
Keyboards used with CRTs have two sets of number keys, one in the standard CHERTY keyboard and a separate 10-.digit set.
The reason for this is not clear since either set can be used apparently, (1C 651; 1C 684; OC 683).
(Category 3)
(i)
(k)
(m)
There are no operator procedures for operator action follow-ing total loss of the Display Control System (DCS) or the Performance Monitoring System (PMS).
(Category 1)
Poor organization of point I.D on the PMS.
(This could be improved by grouping of systems/sub-.systems.)
(Category 1)
The CRT graphic symbols are hard to identify beyond five feet.
Component symbols are too small.
(Category 3)
Information density of the CRT display formats (two examples) exceed 30 percent of available display area.
(Category 3}
SECTION 8 CONTROL ROOM l10RKSPACE AND ENVIRONMENT (a) Illumination Illumination levels found at the base of the vertical panels ranged between 28 and 54 foot candles.
Illumi-nation levels at the annunciator panels, with the annunciator lights "off" ranged between 20.7 and 59 foot candles.
These levels of illumination are sub-standard (30 foot candles at the reading surface),
- however, the annunciators are not referred to unless they are illuminated.
The only information that needs to be read are the matrix labeling (found in the simu-lator, but not yet installed in the control room) and the panel descriptions.
(Category 3)
2.
There were numerous direct and indirect glare problems which need to be resolved.
2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 CRT glare were of two types'.
The first relates to indirect specular glare of the polished glass surfaces of some CRTs.
The other relates to the interference of direct light of overhead fluor-escent fixtures on the frosted (diffused) surface of other CPTs.
(Category 2)
Indirect specular glare on all indicators and meters with plexiglass faces.
(Category 3)
Indirect specular glare from polished surfaces of push button controls which interferes with reada-bility.
(Category 3)
Indirect specular glare from diffused surfaces of mimics which interferes with readability of information.
(Exampl e:
Yellow mimics with white letters)
(Category 3)
Indirect specular glare of chrome key operated control switches causes unnecessary attention, which is distracting and takes away from the im-portance of labeling information.
This i s a
generic problem with all shiny metalic surfaces.
(Category 3)
Direct glare caused by first and second tiered lighting (lower two tiers of ceiling lights) contrasted against dark (low luminous intensity) annunciator s in foreground.
(Category 3) 2.8 2.9 (b) Noise Direct glare caused by second tier from bottom lighting fixtures parallel to the line of sight is within 45'f the horizontal floor plane and within the normal, field of vision to read infor-mation, i.e., 442-462 foot lamberts.
(Category 3)
Frosted glass and taped information on chart recorder makes it difficult to read chart or determine trends.
Subpanel 18B.
(Category 3)
Sound level was measured at six locations.
The average level was 61
'dbA. It is recommended that a noise survey be carried out pr ior to operation to establish the background noise and the level of the alarms.
(See Section le and f.)
(Category 1)
0 (c) Communications (Category 1)
(1)
There is no page loudspeaker at the remote shutdown panel.
(2)
The masks used will interfere with the voice communica-tions.
(d) Maintenance (Category 1)
(1)
Status display lights do not have lamp test.
(2)
Failed lamps could result in unknown valve position and pump status.
SECTION 9
HUMAN FACTORS STRENGTHS OBSERVED The following are strengths of Susquehanna Control Room from the human factors engineering standpoint.
a.
'eneral Controls (1)
Host controls follow a consistent convention regarding position, labeling and direction of movement.
(2)
Most controls are grouped functionally.
(3)
Most controls have adequate resistance to movement which provides feedback to control movement.
b.
General Displays (1)
Most displays are functionally grouped by system - well organized.
(2)
Good legibility, appropriate scale increments.
(3)
Color coding used for indicator lights is consistent throughout the control room (even though the convention itself is not particularly good).
c ~
Computer (1)
The Display Control System has the potential for a high availability via the redundant computer architecture of the Data Acquisition Processor (DAP) and the Display Control Processor (DCP).
(2)
Color coding is used on the CRT displ'ay.
(3)
PAID mimics are used at the system and sub-system level.
(5)
(6)
(8)
(9)
The Control Room Operator has no access to stored algorithms in the DCS or Pt1S (key switch).
Functional menu selection on the CRT is structured for rapid access and use.
Keyboard entries of dedicated functions must be entered simultaneously with shift key to avoid inadvertent actuation/display.
The unit operating bench board has 10 CRT's.
Nine of these are for the Display Control System and one for the Plant Nonitoring System Computer.
The CRT in the vertical panel above the controls for each system'routinely displays one of several formats for that system.
In addition the capa-bility exists, at each CRT location, for calling up any of the display formats for every other system.
Good provisions for operator selection and viewing of all DCS formats while standing at any panel of the UOBB.
Color convention used on CRT displays is reasonably
- good, particularly in the use of RED for emergency or abnormal conditions.
(10)
Computer redundancy in.the DCS is good, particularly in combination with the capability provided to the operator to determine RAU, RDU, DAP, DCP and TRU status and to manually "reroute" as necessary.
d.
Illumination (3)
'llumination levels were found to be more than adequate.
With all the fluorescent fixtures turned-up full level the intensity read consistently above 90 foot candles and up to 158 foot candles.
Back panels read consistently above minimum standards for illumination in these
- areas, i.e.,
30 fc.
The four tiers, or elevations, of the recessed fluorescent lighting fixtures provide a mixture of direct and indirect light to the control room miminizing areas in the field of vision having high brightness and contrast ratios.
Dimmer switches within the control room provide the operator with lighting level options.
pj's g p, 1981