ML18025A093

Ecological Studies of the Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station - Annual Report for 1976

ML18025A093
Person / Time
Site:	Susquehanna
Issue date:	10/31/1977
From:	Ichthyological Associates, Pennsylvania Power & Light Co
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML18025A093 (256)

Text

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'I ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER IN THE VICINITY OF THE SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION Annual Report for 1976 Theodore V. Jacobsen, M.S., Project Director and Editor Ichthyological Associates, Inc.

R. D. 1, Berwick, Pennsylvania 18603 For PENNSYLVANIA POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY

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Edward C. Raney, Ph.D., Director 301 Forest Drive, Ithaca, New York 14850 October 1977

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CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION by Theodore V. Jacobsen....,............,....................... 1 PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSES by Theodore V. Jacobsen and Walter J. Soya.......... 3 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES by William G. Deutsch............................. 36 MACROINVERTEBRATE DRIFT by Lynn Sabin.... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 70 DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Harold W. Mohr, Jr......121 LARVAL FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Harold W. Mohr, Jr.....................151 ELECTROFISHING OF FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski.........167 SEINING OF FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski................189 TAGGING OF FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski................204 AGE AND GROWTH OF FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski.......... 210 PARASITES OF FISHES by William G. Deutsch.. ............................... 231 LYMPHOCYSTIS IN WALLEYE by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski.......... 240 PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT DURING 1976................................ 249 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 250

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INTRODUCTION

't This is the sixth annual progress report on the ecological studies conducted as part of the investigative environmental monitoring program l

,C of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Susquehanna SES). The objective (v

of the ecological studies is to collect biological data to establish a baseline of the aquatic ecology of the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES. Throughout 1976 water chemistry, macroinvertebrates, and larval and adult fishes were studied. Description of sampling procedures and results, including detailed tabulation of data, are presented in this report. The Pennsylvania Power and Light Company (PP&L) finances all the studies.

The nuclear-powered Susquehanna SES will be a 2,100 megawatt facility located on a 422.5-ha site in Salem Township, Luzerne County, approximately 8 km northeast of Berwick, Pennsylvania. The site is within the Ridge and Valley Section of the Appalachian Valley Province (Fenneman 1938). About 40% of the site is flat and the remainder is hilly rather than mountainous.

Elevations range from 150 m above mean sea level on the flood plain to a maximum of 325 m near the northwest property line. Units 1 and 2 are presently scheduled to go on-line in 1980 and 1982, respectively.

In 1976 most studies were conducted near the proposed location of the intake and discharge structures of the Susquehanna SES. Upriver, the "Wyoming Region" of the northern anthracite coal field lies beneath or adjacent to the River. Acid mine drainages from this area, which enter from abandoned strip and shaft mines, degrade the water quality of the River at the site.

The slope of the River bed near the site is about 0.3 m/km. Maximum depth at any point across the River ranges from 1 to 5 m and the width varies from 100 to 480 m.

During periods of low flow, which normally occur in late summer and early autumn, abandoned eel walls help maintain River pools, some of which are several kilometers long. In times of moderate to high flow the River level increases from 1 to 3 m, and its flow characteristics are similar to those of an open channel.

In addition to the aquatic studies, samples of River and well water and River silt were collected for determination of background radiation by Radiation Management Corporation, 3508 Market Street, Philadelphia, 'evels Pennsylvania. Thermoluminescent dosimeters, placed on the River bottom near the proposed location of the Station's discharge, were monitored quarterly.

REFERENCES CITED Fenneman, N. M. 1938. Physiography of the eastern Unite4 States. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSES by Theodore V. Jacobsen and Walter J. Soya TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

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INTRODUCTION............................... 6 PROCEDURES ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................,..... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

RE FERENCES CITED ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

14 LIST OF TABLES Table A'-1. Physicochemical parameters and methods of analyses, 1976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ 17 Table A-2. Daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperature (C) of the Susquehanna River at Ichthyological Associates Laboratory, 1976....................................... 18 Table A-3. Daily . . . level (m above msl) . . . i976............. 21 3

Table A-4. Daily flow (m /s) of the Susquehanna River at Ichthyo-logical Associates Laboratory, 1976.................... 24 Table A-5. Physicochemical data collected at SSES-A on the Susque-hanna River, January, February, and March, 1976........ 25

Page Table A-6. Physicochemical data collected at SSES-A on the Sus-quehanna River, April, May, and June, 1976.............. 26 Table A-7. Physicochemical . . . July, August, and September,1976.. 27 Table A-S. Physicochemical . . . October, November, and December, 1 976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o 28 Table A-9. Ranges of values and monthly means for physicochemical data collected at SSES-A, 1976.......................... 29 Table A-10. Physicochemical data collected monthly at Ichthyological Associates boat ramp on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

Samples were collected and analyzed by the Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, Hazleton, Pennsylvania......... 3O Table A-ll. Minimum, maximum, and mean values of physicochemical parameters determined at 5 major acid mine drainages in the study area (Fig. A-l), 1976. Data were provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.............................. 32 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. A-l. Map of sampling locations and sewage and acid mine effluents in the study area, 1976....................... 33 Fig. A-2. Sampling stations for physicochemical analyses (Ichthyo-logical Associates Laboratory, SSES-A, and Boat Ramp),

benthic macroinvertebrates (SSES Transect and Bell Bend I), macroinvertebrate drift (SSES), and larval fishes (SSES-A) on the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES site, 1976e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 34 Fig. A-3. Trends in monthly means of total iron, specific conduc-tance, sulfate, turbidity, dissolved oxygen,'and pH in the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES site from 1972 through 1976...... . ...................,...... 35

ABSTRACT In 1976 physicochemical data were collected in the Susquehanna'River near the Susquehanna SES site. These baseline data have been collected since 1971 to evaluate the effects of the Susquehanna SES upon the water quality of the River.

River temperature ranged from -1.5 to 26.6 C and River level fluctuated between 148.56 and 153.16 m above msl. Flow was greatest 3 3 River (3,269 m /s) on 19 February and least (106 m /s) on 12 September.

velocity can be approximated with the equation 2' 0. 356X 52. 785, where Z is velocity and X is River level.

On 22 June, after three days of heavy rainfall, the River transported a large sediment load (about 145, 500 metric tons), 4/ of which was iron, past the site. The total iron concentration (52.8 mg/l) was the highest recorded since 1972.

Statistical analysis of data from 1973 through 1976 showed that the water quality had improved at the site. There were significant trends in annual decreases of total iron (P<0.01), sulfate.(P<0.01), specific con-ductance (P<0.001), and turbidity (P<0.01), and in annual increases of pH (P<0.001) and dissolved oxygen (P<0.001). The termination of mine pumping in 1972 and recent improvements in sewage treatment facilities are probable causes for,this change. However, the River is not expected to meet the 1971 water quality standards of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources by 1983.

INTRODUCTION This report presents physicochemical data collected from the Susque-hanna River near the Susquehanna SES in 1976. The objective of the water chemistry program since 1971 has been to establish baseline values for evaluation of possible effects on the River from the construction and operation of the Susquehanna SES. Records of physicochemical data have been presented in previous annual reports from 1971 through 1975 (Ichthyological Associates 1972, 1973, and 1974; Smith and Soya 1976; and Jacobsen and'Soya 1976) .

The River near the Susquehanna SES site is polluted by coal mine drainages (Gale et al. 1976). This has occurred in the Susquehanna River Basin since the middle 1800's (Skelly and Loy 1973) . It was not a major problem until 1961 when the Glen Alden Corporation began pumping mine water from its south Wilkes-Barre shaft into the Solomon's Creek tributary (Pennsylvania Department of Health 1963). In 1972, after Tropical Storm

'Agnes, pumping ceased, but pollution continues because mine effluents still enter the River by gravity flow through several seeps, bore holes, and creeks upriver from the site (Fig. A-l).

Raw sewage enters the River at West Nanticoke, Shickshinny, and Mocanaqua. In the Wilkes-Barre area sewage now undergoes primary treatment (personal communication, Stanley J. Lehman, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, 2 March 1977). These communities are expected to initiate or upgrade treatment of their sewage by 1983 (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources 1976).

PROCEDURES Throughout 1976 physicochemical data were collected at Ichthyological Associates Laboratory<and~the SSES-A sampling station (Fig. A-2). The Laboratory is located on the west River bank, 1,220 m east of the Susque-hanna SES. SSES-A is 270 m downstream from the Laboratory about 40 m from the west River bank.

Physicochemical parameters and reference to methods of analyses are in Table A-1. In 1976 analytical methods for the determination of pH, sulfate, total iron', and turbidity were revised to comply with Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) approved methodology (EPA 1974). All analyses, were conducted within the holding time interval recommended by the EPA.

At the Laboratory, River temperature and depth were recorded contin-uously on seven-day graphs. Sensors for both recorders were located on the River bottom about 20 m from the west bank. On 9 September the temperature sensor was replaced and located approximately 10 m downstream from the depth sensor and 10 m farther offshore. River temperature (C) was read directly from the graph, but River depth (ft) was converted to River level (m) above mean sea level (msl). Daily means of temperature and level were determined by averaging hourly values at 0100 through 2400 h from the continuous recordings. In addition, daily minimum and maximum values and their respective hours of occurrence were tabulated. When either a minimum or maximum value remained constant for several hours in a day only the first hour of occurrence was tabulated.

, The dally River flow at the Laboratory was calculated with data provided by the U. S . Geological Survey from the Wilkes-Barre and Danville gaging stations.

At SSES-A the weekly sampling frequency was modified beginning in March to collect more data during periods of maximum biological and chemical change. Samples were collected semimonthly in March; semiweekly in April, May, and June; weekly in July, August, and September; and semi-mo'nthly in October, November, and December.

V Air and water temperatures, pH (measured in the Laboratory after 30 July), Secchi disc, and River velocity were determined at SSES-A before collection of a 1-liter grab sample and a 300-ml dissolved oxygen sample.

Total alkalinity, sulfate, specific conductance, total iron, residues, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen were determined in the Laboratory.

Dissolved iron, and after 30 June, total iron analyses were performed by personnel from the PP&L Water Laboratory, Hazleton, Pennsylvania.

Turbidity was measured colorimetrically prior to 30 June, and nephelo-metrically for the remainder of the year. Colorimetric results were recorded in Jackson turbidity units (JTU) and nephelometric results 'in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). The Jackson, nephelometric, and formazin (FTU) turbidity units are considered comparable by EPA (1974).

The 1976 physicochemical data at SSES-A were compared with those obtained at the site in previous years (1972-75). The monthly means of the parameters were plotted with a Hewlett-Packard 9871A printer. Those parameter values which increased or decreased were then statistically tested to determine if significant trends existed. Nonparametric statistics

were'used to: 1) determine if year to year changes had occurred, and, if so, 2) determine if a trend among years was present. Friedman's two-way analysis of variance test (S) was used in the first determinat'ion and Page's distribution free test (L) for ordered alternatives, in the second (Hollander and Wolfe 1973) . The tests were based on monthly mean values, but only years with twelve monthly means (1973-76) were used.

Once each month, personnel from the PP&L Water Laboratory collected physicochemical data at the boat ramp located 90 m upriver from Ichthyological Associates Laboratory. A grab sample was collected by wading into the River on the ramp. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured in the field; all other determinations were made at the PP&L Water Laboratory according to Standard Methods (APHA 1975).

Physicochemical data from five major mine drainages and treatment levels of the larger sewage effluents from the Lackawanna River to Berwick were provided by Lawrence A. Pawlush, Pennsylvania Department of Environ-mental Resources (PDER), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In 1976 the daily mean River temperature ranged from -1.4 C on 16 January to 25.5 C on 28 June; it varied least (Standard Error' 0.04) in January, and most (SE = 0.80) in April (Table A-2). The extreme variability in April, when daily mean River temperature ranged from 7.0 to 18.3 C, was caused by unseasonably warm weather which occurred after the middle of the month. The minimum temperature of -1.5 C occurred for a 24-h period beginning

10 at 1400 h on 15 January. The maximum temperature, 26.6 C, was recorded at 1500 h on 26 August. Daily water temperature ranges of 0.5 C or greater occurred in each month except February. These fluctuations in water temperature were usually greater than 1 C most days from June through September when maximum ranges of 2.7, 2.4, 2.2, and 2.3 C were recorded, respectively.

The minimum River level and the minimum daily mean River level, both 148.56 m above msl, occurred on 9 through 13 September and on 10 through 12 September, respectively (Table A-3). The maximum level (153.16 m above msl) and the maximum daily mean level (153.07 m above msl) were recorded on 19 February. Variability of the daily mean level was least in September and most in February, Daily River flow past Ichthyological Associa'tes Laboratory in 1976 3 3 was greatest (3,269 m /s) on 19 February and least (106 m /s) on 12 September (Table A-4). 3 The maximum monthly flow (1,240 m /s) occurred in February 3

and the minimum (143 m /s) in September. Variability was greatest (SE 169.5) in February and least (SE = 5.9) in September.

Results of the physicochemical analyses of samples collected at SSES-A are presented in Tables A-5 through A-8. Minimum, maximum, and monthly mean values for each parameter are summarized in Table A-9.

The velocity of the River at SSES-A was measured 36 times in 1976.

It ranged from 0.02 m/s on 8 September to 1.25 m/s on 26 February when the River level at the Laboratory was 148.59 m and 151.27 m above msl, respectively.

Velocity and River level were closely correlated (r = 0.89); velocity (Y) can

be estimated from River level (X) with the equation: 1' 0.856X - 52.795.

This was derived 'from data collected during periods of low to moderately high River level. When high River level occurs the relationship becomes curvilinear based on a velocity of 3.1 m/s which was measured near SSES-A when the River level was 155.60 m above msl on 27 September 1975. It was observed that a velocity calculated from a River level greater than 151.35 m above msl was less than the actual velocity. This shortcoming, however, should not severely limit the practical use of the equation, because in 1976, the River level exceeded this elevation only 5/ of the time.

A total of 45 parameters was analyzed each month from, samples collected at the boat ramp by personnel from the PPSL Water Laboratory (Table A-10).

As in previous years, the relatively high values of iron, sulfate, aluminum; manganese, and magnesium were indicative of mine drainage pollution. In 9 of the 12 monthly samples the concentration of total iron exceeded the 1.5 mg/1 limit established for the River by the PDER (1971) . Values of total manganese did not surpass the 1.0 mg/l limit. of the PDER in any month. On all dates the River water was undersaturated with calcium carbonate as determined by the Langelier saturation index (APHA 1975). The potential for saturation was greatest (-1.1 pH units) in June and July and least

(-2.4 pH units) in January.

Several extreme values were documented at SSES-A in 1976 after a heavy rainfall from 19 to 22 June caused the River level to increase 1.80 m during a 19-h period. The sediment load on the 22nd was unusually heavy as shown by values of. Secchi disc (2 cm), turbidity (1600 JTU), and residues (total

12 1,490 mg/l; fixed total, 1,380 mg/l; nonfiltrable 601 mg/1; and fixed nonfiltrable, 565 mg/l) (Table A-9). Also, the total iron concentration (52.8 mg/1) was the maximum recorded at the site since sampling began in 1972. Xt was estimated that 145,500 metric tons of sediment, 4X of which was iron, was transported past the site on 22 June.

Frequently during 1976 values for total iron, sulfate, and specific conductance were notably less than those recorded in previous years. Total iron concentration in 14 of 53 samples was less than the 1.5 mg/l limit established for the River by the PDER (1971). Whereas, from 1972 through 1975 concentrations in only 6 of 369 samples were less than 1.5 mg/1. The maximum values for sulfate (87 mg/l) and specific conductance (346 umhos/cm)

. were 33/ and 25/ less than the 1975 maxima, respectively. -Both the annual mean and maximum values for sulfate and specific conductance decreased successively since 1972. These results indicated that possible long-term changes in River, water quality had occurred.

From the time of initial sampling (1972 or 1973) through 1976 monthly means of total iron, sulfate, specific conductance, and turbidity usually decreased annually and those of dissolved oxygen and pH usually increased 4

(Fig. A-3). Trends in the total iron and turbidity data were disrupted in 1976 due to the heavy iron and silt loads in the River on 22 June. Seasonal cycles are evident within the overall trends for specific conductance, sulfate, and dissolved oxygen. The pH data, however, did not exhibit seasonal fluctuations until 1974.

13 Using Friedman's test, significant changes were found in the annual results of turbidity (S = 8.175, DF =- 3, P<0.05), dissolved oxygen (S ~

14.725, DF = 3, P<0.01), pH (S = 10.325, DF = 3, P<0.05), specific <<on-ductance (S = 10.600, DF 3, P<0.05), sulfate (S = 8.125, DF 3, P<0.05),

and total iron (S = 9. 700, DF = 3, P<0. 05) from 1973 through 1976. Page's test confirmed that significant annual trends existed in the data for each of these parameters: dissolved oxygen (L = 337', P<0.001) and pH (L = 331.5, P<0.001) increased while turbidity (L = 326.5, P<0.01), specific conductance (L = 332, P<0.001)~ sulfate (L = 326.5, P<0.01), and total iron (L = 329, P<0.01) decreased.

These trends show an overall improvement in the Susquehanna River water quality at the site from 1973 through 1976 even though the annual River flow was similar. Values associated with acid mine drainage (iron, sulfate, hydrogen ion concentration, and specific conductance) decreased substantially after mine pumping was terminated, in 1972 (Ichthyological Associates 1972, 1973; and 1974; Smith and Soya 1976; and Jacobsen and Soya 1976). However, gravity flows of mine water continue to enter the River, from drainages that are controlled to some degree by the water table.

Therefore, the improved River water quality may have partially re ulted because less mine pollutants entered the River, particularly during periods of low River flow. The chemistry of acid mine drainage, including iron oxidation, has been explained in detail by Barnes and Romberger (1968) and its direct application to the River was studied intensely by Gale et al.

(1976).

14 The decrease in mine pollution increased the water clarity (less turbidity) and the dissolved oxygen concentration. Turbidity decreased because less ferro'us iron from'the mines was oxidized into ferric hydroxide precipitate, much of which remains suspended in -the water column to color the River brownish-orange in summer. Since less iron was oxidized, there was less demahd on the amount of dissolved oxygen in the .River. Decreases in the demand for dissolved oxygen may have also occurred because the amount'of untreated sewage that enters the River from the Wilkes-Barre area decreased since 1972.

Although the water quality of the River at the site improved through-out the past five years, it is not expected to meet .the water quality standards of the PDER by 1983 (PDER 1976). Gravity flows of mine water continue to e'nter the River in the study area (Table A-ll). These flows will pollute the River until either funds age made available for abatement programs or contaminants are leached from the abandoned mine deposits.

REFERENCES CITED American Chain and Cable Company, Bristol Division. 1971. Instruction manual 'for indicating and recording liquid-level bubbler-type gauges in series "500" case. Bristol Division, Waterbury, Conn.

Loose-l'eaf pub. n.p.

American Public Health Association. 1975. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. I14th ed. A.P.H.A., Washington, D.C. 874 pp.

Barnes, H. L. andS. B. Romberger. 1968. Chemical aspects of acid mine drainage. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 40: 371-38'4.

Environmental Protection Agency. 1974. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastewater. E.P.A., Cincinnati, Ohio. 312 pp.

Gale, W. F., T. V. Jacobsen and K. M. Smith.. 1976. Iron, and its role in a river polluted by mine effluents. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 50:

182-195.

Hach iChemical Company. 1969. Water and wastewater analysis procedures.

Catalog No. 10. 2nd ed. Hach Chemical Co., Ames, Iowa. 104 pp.

Hollander, M. and D. A. Wolfe. 1973. Nonparametric statistical methods.

John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y 503 pp.

Ichthyological Associates. 1972. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1971). Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Py. 232 pp.

1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972). Pa. Power and Light Co., Allen-town, Pa. 658 pp.

1974. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1973). Pa. Power and L'ight Co., Allen-town, Pa. 838 pp.

Jacobsen, T. V. and W. J. Soya., 1976. Physicochemical analyses. Pages 3-47 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1975). Ichthyological Associates, Inc.,

Berwick, Pa.

Millipore Corporation. 1973. Suspended solids analysis. Cat.'o. LAP 3120/U. Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass. Loose-leaf pub. n.p.

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. 1971. Water quality criteria, chapter 93. Rules and regulations, title 25. Article II, water resources. PDER, Harrisburg, Pa. 98 pp.

1976. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1976 water quality inventory.

Publ. No. 42., PDER, Harrisburg, Pa. 121 pp.

Pennsylvania Department of Health. 1963. North Branch of the Susquehanna River mine drainage study. Publ. No. 5. Pa. Dept. of Health, Harris-burg, Pa. 50 pp.

Skelly and Loy, Engineers and Consultants. 1973. Coal mine drainage in the Susquehanna River basin. Susquehanna River Basin Commission, Mechanicsburg, Pa. 297 pp.

16 Smith, K. M. and W. J. Soya. 1976. Physicochemical analyses. Pages 3-41 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December'974).

Ichthyological Associates, Inc;, Berwick, Pa.

Teledyne Gurley. 1973. Hydrological instruments. Bull. 700. Teledyne Gurley, Troy, N.Y. 20 pp.

Welch, P. S. 1948. Limnological methods. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,

New York, N.Y. 318 pp.

White, 0. D. National Weather Service, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Telephone conversation, 17 September 1973.

17 Table A-1. Physicochemical parameters and methods of analyses, 1976.

Parameter Method Reference River level Seven-day continuous recordings from an ACCO ACCO (1971)

Bristol, Model No. G500-15 bubbler-type ~

water level gauge.

River velocity Direct reading current meter, Gurley .(Price), Teledyne Gurley (1973)

Model No. 665, suspended from an anchored boat to 0.6 depth. Current was a mean of readings at 5-s intervals for 2 min.

River flow River flow 0.222 (a-b) +b, where a and b White (1973) are mean daily River flows at Danville and Wilkcs-Barre, respectively. Data provided by U.S. Geological Survey.

Air temperature Calibrated, mercury thermometer. EPA (1974)

Water temperature Seven-day continuous recordings from a EPA (1974) calibrated, Leeds and Northrup Speedomax Thermistor-type, Model R temperature recorder.

Calibrated, mercury thermometer. EPA (1974)

Dissolved oxygen Modified Winkler full-bottle technique, EPA (1974) proprietory reagents.

pH Glass electrode . EPA (1974)

Total alkalinity Potentiometric titration. EPA (1974)

Specific conductance Self-contained conductanbe meter, Hydrolab, EPA (1974)

Model No. TC-2 at 25 C.

Sulfate Turbidimetric, Hach Model DR-EL Portable Water Hach (1969)

Engineer's Laboratory (Jan-Jun) .

Turbidimetric (Jul-Dec) . ~ EPA (1974)

Total iron Phenanthroline (Jan- Jun) . APHA (1975)

Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determin- EPA (1974) ation of soluble iron (Jul-Dec) .

Dissolved iron Atomic absorption spectrophotometric deter- EPA (1974)

"mination of dissolved iron.

Total residue Evaporation at 105 C. EPA (1974)

Fixed total residue Ignition of total residue at 550 C. APHA (1975)

Nonfiltrable residue Suspended solids analysis by membrane filter Millipore (1973) tcchniquc (matched-weight filters) .

Fixed nonfiltrable residue Ignition of nonfiltrable'residue at 550 C. APHA (1975)

Turbidity Colorimetric, Hach Model DR-EL Portable Water Hach (1969)

Engineer's Laboratory (Jan-Jun) .

Nephelometric (Jul-Dec) . EPA (1974)

Secchi disc depth Limit of visibility Welch (1948)

18 Table A-2. Daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperature (C) of the Susquehanna River at Ichthyological Associates Laboratory, 1976.

DATE NININVM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME) DATE MINIMUM (TINE) MAXIMUM (TINE) HEAN JAN FEB 1 1 1 0100 -lol 0100 -1.1 1 -0 ~ 7 0100 -0.7 0100 -0 7 2 -1.1 0100, -le 1 0100 -1. ) 2 -0 ' 0100 -0.6 -0+6 3 -l. 1 0100 -i+1 0100 -1+i 3 -0 ' 0100 -0 '

0100 0100 -0.6 4 1. 1 0100 -i+1 0100 -1+i ' 0100 -0.6 -0.6 5 -l. 1 0100 -1 1 a 0100 -1. 1 5 0

-0 ' 0100 -0.6 0100 0100 -0.6 6 1.1 0100 -1 el 0100 -1. 1 6 0 ' 0100 -0+6 0100 -0.6 7 1.1

-1.4 0100 -l. 1 0100 -1.1 7 0 ' 0100 -0.4 0800 -0 '

8 0400 -1. 1 0100 -1.3 8 -0.4 0100 -0 4 0100 0 4 9 -1.3 0100 -1. 3 0100 -1.3 9 0 4 0100 0 4 0100 -0.4

-1.3 0100 -1 ' -1+2 -0.3 -0 '

~

ll 10

-1.2

-1.2 0100 0100

-i+2

-l.

0200 0100 , -1.2

-1 ~ 2 10 11 -0.3

-0.3 0100 0100 0 '

0100 1200 0 3

-0.3 12

-1.2 -1 2 0100 12 1200 -Oo2 0100 -0.3 13 0100 ~ 2 0100 1.2 13 -Oo3 0100 -0 2 1600 0 3 14 -1.2 0100 -1.2 0100 1.2 14 -0.2 0100 -0.2 0100 -Oe2 15 -1.5 1400 -1.2 0100 -1 3~ 15 -0.2 0100 0.2 0100 -0.2 16 "1.5 0100 -1.3 2000 -1.4 16 "0.2 2000 -0. 1 0100 -0.2 17 18

-1.3

-1.3 0100 0100

-lo3 "l.3 0100 -l.

-1.

3 17 -0.1 0100 Oeo 1700 0~1 0100 18 0.0 0100 0100 19 -1.3 0100 -l. 2 14 00 -1.3 3

19 0.0 0100 0~0 0.1 1200 Oeo 0.1 20 -1.2

-l. 2 0100 -1 ~

-1. 1 2 0100 -l. 2 20 0.1 0100 0.2 1600 0.1 21 0100 1400 -1.1 21 0,2 0100 0.2 0100 '

22 -1.2

-1. 2 1600 -i'll 0100 -1. 1 22 0.2 0100 0 3 2300 0

0.2 23 0100 -Oo7 1600 -0.7 23 0 ' 0100 0.6 2400 0 '

24 -0.7 0100 -Oo7 0100 -0 ' 24 0.6 0100 0.7 0600 0 '

25 -0.7 0100 -Oo7 0100 -0 7 25 0.7 0100 0.8 0900 0~8 26 -0.7 0100 -0.7 0100 -O. 7 26 0.9 0100 0 9 0100 0 9 27 -0+7 0100 -0,7 0100 -0 +7 27 0.9 0100 1~2 2400 1.1 28 Ot7 0100 -OI.7 0100 0.7 28 1 2 0100 lo4 1500 1.3 29 -0,7

-0.7 0100 -Oe7 0100 -0.7 29 1.4 0100 'l. 4 0100 1 ~4 30 0100 -Oo7 0100 -0.7 31 -0.7 0100 -0.7 0100 i -0.7 MEAN -1.1 HEA'H 0.0 SE 0+04 SE 0 ~ 11 HAR APR 1 1,4 0100 2.1 1600 1.8 1 7.1 0100 7 ' 1200 7 ~2 2 2.1 0100 2.4 2400 2.2 2 7 0 1600 7 ' 0100 7.1 3 2.4 0100 2 ~ 7 1800 2.6 3 7+0 0100 7.0 0100 7eo 4 2 ' 0100 2 ~7 0100 2 7 7 ' 0100 7.0 0100 7.0 5 F 7 0100 2 9 14 00 2~8 5 7 ' 0100 7' 0100 7 0 6 2 9 0100 2 ~9 0100 2.9 6 7 ' 0100 7.0 0100 7eo 7 2.9 0100 3~2 2400 3.0 7 7.0 0100 7:0 0100 7 ~0 8 3.3 0100 3~3 0100 3' 8 7.0 0100 7al 0200 7 ~1 9 3~4 0100 3o4 0100 3' 9 7.1 0100 7 ' 0100 7ol 10 3 ' 0100 3o4 0100 3' 10 7.1 0100 7ol 0100 7 '

11 3~3 0100 3~3 0100 3' 11 12 3.2 2100 3~3 0100 3' 12 13 3 ' 0100 3~2 0100 F 2 13 7 02 0900 8 0 1600 7.8 14 3.2 0100 3~2 0100 F 2. 14 7 3 0900 9.2 1600 8 15 3. 2 0100 3.2 0100 3.2" 15 8 ~4 0100 10. 8 2100 9 ~8 16 3.1 2400 F 2 0100 3 2 16 10. 8 0100 11. 8 1800 11.3 17 3.1 0100 3.1 0100 3.1 17 11 ~ 8 0100 12.8 2000 12.2 18 3.1 0100 3.1 0100 )3.1 18 12. 8 0100 14. 8 2000 13.7 19 3.1 0100 3+i 0100 I3. 1 19 14. 8 0100 15 ~ 6 1200 15+0 20 3.1 0100 3.1 0100 3.1 20 21 3.1 0100 3~7 2400 3~3 21 15 ~ 8 0800 18.2 2300 17.6 22 307 0100 4.0 1600 3.9 22 18.2 0100 18.4 1600 18. 3 23 4,0 0100 4.1 1500 4 ~0 23 18.1 1100 18.5 1700 18.3 24 4.1 0100 4e7 1600 4.4 24 17.7 1300 18.3 0100 17. 9 25 4+7 0100 4+8 1700 4.7 25 15. 8 2200 17 ~ 7 0100 16 F 9 26 4.8 0100 4 ' 1600 4+8 26 13. 8 2400 15+8 0100 15.0 27 4 9 0100 5~7 2400 5.1 27 11. 7 2300 13. 8 0100 12.5 28 5.7 0100 5o9 2000 5.8 28 10 ~ 8 1700 11 ' 0100 11.1 29 4e9 1000 6+i 2400 5.6 6.5 29 9.9 1700 10. 7 0100 10 '

30 6~1 0100 6o9 2400 30 9.9 0100 loci 2000 10.0 31 6o9 0100 7 0900 7.1 MEAN 3 7 MEAN 11.0 SE 0 22 SE 0 e80

19 Table A-2 (cont.)

DATE MINIMUM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAN DATE MINIMUM (TIME) HAXIHU)l (TIME) MEAN MAY JUN 1 10. 1 0100 10.2 1500 10+i 1 17. 0 0100 17 ~ 3 1100 17.0 2 10.2 0100 11. 0 24 00 10.6 2 3 11.0 0100 11. 9 2400 11.5 3 17. 3 0900 18.4 1900 18 el 4 11.8 1100 11 ~ 9 0100 11. 8 4 18 ~ 2 0100 19.9 1500 19.1 5 11 ~ 6 1000 12 ~ 0 1800 11. 8 5 18.9 0100 20.2 1500 19.6 6 12,0 0100 13(l 2400 12 ~ 5 6 18.9 2400 20 0 0100 19. 5 7 13. 1 0100 13e9 1900 13e4 7 18.1 0700 19.6 1600 18.9 8 13. 9 0100 14.2 1900 14. 0 8 19 ~ 1 0100 20.7 1500 19.9 9 14. 0 1000 14. 2 1500 14.1 9 20. 1 0100 21.9 1600 21. 1 10 14. 0 0900 14 o 7 2000 14.2 10 21. 8 0100 23. 0 1600 22.4 11 14+ 7 0100 15 ~ 0 1700 14e9 11 22 ' 0600- 23.5 1500 22 8 12 14. 0 1200 15 ' 0100 14.8 12 22 ~ 2 0500 23 7 1700 23.0 13 13. 4 0100 15.0 2000 14 e 3 13 21.6 2400 22 ' 0100 22 ~ 2 14 14 ~ 5 1000 15. 1 24 00 14. 9 14 20. 9 2400 21.5 0100 21.1 15 15. 1 0100 16. 4 1800 15+ 7 15 20. 8 0300 22.8 1400 21. 9 16 16. 4 0100 17+3 1900 16 >6 16 22. 5 0300 24+5 1400 23.8 17 16.7 0100 17.3 1600 17 e0 17 23. 9 0600 25.1 1500 24.5 18 17. 1 ~ 0400 17.3 0100 17.2 18 23.8 0600 25+2 1500 24.6 19 15. 2 2400 17+3 0100 16.5 19 24 ' 0800 25.5 1700 25. 1 25.1 20 14. 1 1600 15.2 010 0 14 +6 20 24.7 2400 25.6 1700 21 13.8 1200 14.2 0100 13. 9 21 23.0 2400 24 ' 0100 $ 4.0 22 13.5 1)00 13. 9 0100 13.7 22 20 ~ 1 1100 22 ' 0100 20.7 l3+4 13 ~ 5 0100 13.5 23 20. 5 0100 22. 0 2400 21+3 23 22.8 24 13.1 1200 13.7 2300 13 ' 24 22.0 0100 23.5 2300 25 12. 4 2400 13 ~ 7 0100 13+0 25 23.6 0100 24.6 1800 24.1 12.1 0700 12 ' 0100 12.2 26 24.1 0700 25+2 1700 24+8 26 27 12.1 0100 13.3 1800 12. 7 27 24 ' 0700 25 ~ 7 14 00 25 0 28 13. 3 0100 14. 9 1400 14.3 28 24.8 0300 26.2 1400 25. 5 29 14. 9 0100 15 ' 1400 15oS 29 24. 9 0600 25.9 1400 25 ~ 4 30 15.8 0100 16.7 1700 16e3 30 23 ~ 7 2400 25+2 0100 24 '

31 16 ~ 3 0600 17 F 2 1700 16 '

14. 1 MEAN 22 3 MEAN 0.46 SE 0 ~ 34 SE JUL AUG 1 22. 9 2400 23 7 1400 23 ~ 3 1 23. 1 2400 24 o7 0100 24.1 2 22.2 0600 23~2 1500 22 ~ 7 2 21.8 0800 22 ~ 8 1300 22 ~ 3 22,0 0700 22 4 1400 22 ~ 3 3 21 ~ 1 0800 22. 8 1600 22 0 3 22 2 4 21+8 0700 22 '2 1400 21.9 4 21. 2 0800 22. 9 1500 5 21. 3 0800 22. 5 1900 21 ' 5 21.7 0700 23. 5 150 0 22 ~ 7 6 22.0 0400 23. 8 1600 22.9 6 22 7 0900 23.4 1500 22 9 7 23. 1 0700 23 ~ 9 1400 23 ~ 3 7 22.0 2400 22 ~ 7 0100 22 ~ 3 8 22e5 2400 23 ~ 2 1200 23.0 8 21.4 2400 22.0 0100 21.7 9 22,0 0700 23m 8 1500 22 8 9 20' 2400 21.4 0100 20+9 23.5 20' 0200 20.8 1'700 20.2 10 11 12 22 F 7 23 2 22.9 0700 0700 0700 24 ~ 5 23 ~ 9

24. 0 1400 1400 1200 23.5 23.4 ll 10 12 19 6

20. 5 0900 0100i 20e4 21 '

1700 1800 20 '

21,2 13 21 ~ 3 1900 22 ' 0100 22 0 13 21.5 0100 22 ' 1500 22.1 14 21. 0 2200 21 ~ 8 1300 21e4 14 22 ' 0100 23.6 1500 22e9 15 20.1 1100 20.6 1600 20e3 15 23eO 0400 23 ' 1500 23 ~ 3 16 20 ' 0100 20.8 1600 20.5 16 22 ' 2400 23 2 1300 22 ~ 9 17 20,2 0600 21 ~ 4 1500 20.9 17 21+7 0700 22.6 1500 22 2 18 20.1 0600 22 ~ 0 1800 21. 1 18 21.3 0700 22.4 1400 22 0 19 21m 3 0400 23+0 1900 22. 1 19 21.7 0600 23.0 1500 22.4 20 22 ~ 2 0600 24ol 1500 23 ~ 3 20 21.8 0900 23~2 1500 22,9 21 23 ~ 2 2400 23 ~ 7 1300 23 ~ 5 21 22 3 0800 24.1 1800 23.4 22 22a8 0600 24+i 1400 23 ~ 5 '22 23+4 0800 25. 1 1500 24 3 23 2207 2400 23o4 0100 23 ' 23 24.2 0800 25 9 1500 25.1 25e2 24 22 F 2 0800 24<0 1400 23o0 24 24 ' 0700 26e3 14 00 25 22 ' 0700 24.4 1500 23.4 25 24.2 0700 26e0 1500 25eO 26 22.1 0700 24o3 1400 23 ' 26 24.4 0800 26 ' 1500 25.4 27 22 ~ 3 0700 23o4 1700 23.0 27 28 22 3 0700 24.7 1300 23.6 28 29 23 F 2 0600 24.8. 14 00 23 ~ 9 29 30 23 ' 0700 24.7 1500 24 o2 30 24 '

31 23 ' 0600 1400 24 3 31 NEAN 22 7 MEAN 22.8 0.19 SE Oe28 SE

20 Tabjo A-2 (cont.)

DATE HINIHUH (TIME) MAXIMUM t TIME) MEAN DATE MINIMUM {TIME) MAXIMUM (TINE)

SEP 0C1' 1 14. 1 0906 14.6 1600 14+4 2 2 14. 4 0100 14.9 1600 14.7 3 3 14. 8 0100 15 ' 1600 15.1 4 4 15 ~ 1 0600 16.2 1400 15.7 5 5 15.3 0700 16. 1 1600 15+8 6 6 15.8 0400 16.8 1500 16.3 7 7 16.4 0600 .17. 5 1500 16 '

8 8 16.9 0800 17. 2 1600 17.1 9 21. 0 1000 22.1 1400 21 7 9 13. 9 2200 17.0 0100 15.6 10 20.7 2400 21 8 1600 21. 2 10 jj+3 2400 13.7 0100 12.2 11 19 ~ 2 2400 21. 0 1500 20.2 11 10. 8 2300 11. 3 0100 11. 0 12 18.6 0800 20. 8 150 0 19.5 12 10. 1 1000 10.7 0100 joo5 13 18.9 0700 21.2 1600 20.2 13 10. 0 0900 10.8 2400 10.4 14 19.9 0700 2jos 1400 20.8 14 10. 4 2000 10.8 0100 10.6 15 20 9 0700 21,8 1400 21. 3 15 10. 2 0800 10.9 1700 10.6 16 20. 4 2100 21.2 0100 20.8 16 joe5 1000 11.1 1500 10.9 17 20.1 0600 21.0 1300 20.4 17 10.4 2400 11.0 0100 10.8 18 20. 0 0600 20,7 1700 20.3 18 9 ' 2400 10.3 0100 jodo 19 19.9 0800 21.2 1500 20.5 19 9.0 1000 9.8 0100 9.3 20 20.0 0700 20.5 0100 20.2 20 8.9 0800 9.0 0100 8o9 21 19.8 0800 20 5 1500 20 0 21 9 ' 0100 9 3 1500 9.2 22 18. 0 2400 19:4 1400 19.0 22 8.1 2200 9.2 0100 8.5 23 17. 1 0700 lse4 1500 17.8 23 7.7 0800 8.1 0100 7.8 24 17. 2 0800 18.7 1500 17. 9 24 7.6 0900 7 ' 0100 7.7 25 16. 7 0900 18 4 1500 17. 4 25 7.6 0100 7 8 2300 7 ~7 26 16. 5 1100 17 ~ 2 010 0 16.8 26 7 7 110 0 7 8 0100 7.8 27 16. 4 2400 16.9 1400 16 ~ 7 27 6.8 2300 7 7 0100 7eo 28 16. 0 0700 16.9 14 00 16.3 28 6.2 0900 6.8 0100 6 ~4 29 15. 2 0800 16.2 1400 15.7 29 5.8 0900 6.2 0100 6 ~0 30 14 ~ 5 2400 15.2 0100 14. 9 30 5.7 0900 5.9 0100 5.8 31 5.9 0100 6.6 2400 6.2 MEAN 19.1 MEAN 10.9 SE 0 '3 se 0.64 NOV DEC 1 6.3 2300 6.6 0100 6.5 1 je7 1000 2.1 0100 1~9 2 5.9 6.0 0700 6.2 0100 6.0 2 jul 2300 1.8 0100 1.7 3 0900 6.1 0100 6.0 3 0.7 2200 0.8 0100 Oes 4 5~ 9 0800 6.3 1400 6.1 4 0.7 0100 0.7 0100 0.7 5 5.8 14 00 6 ' 0100 6 ~0 5 0 7 0100 1.0 14 00 0.8 6 5.6 0800 5.9 0100 5.7 6 0.8 0100 1.2 14 00 1.0 7 5.8 0100 5~8 0100 Sos 7 1.1 0100 1.7 1600 1 4 8 5.1 2300 5.9 0100 5.6 8 0.7 0800 1.7 0100 0.8 9 4.3 2000 5~1 ,

0100 4' 9 0.7 0100 0.7 0100 Oe7 10 4.0 0900 4,2 0100 4.1 10 0~7 0100 0.7 0100 0.7 11 4.0 3.6 0700 4.2 4.1 1600 0100 4.1 11 Oo7 0100 0 ' 1300 0 '

12 0800 3~9 12 0 9 0100 1.1 2200 1.0 13 3 4 2200 3.7 0100 3.6 13 as 2000 jo2 0100 1.0 14 3 2 2400 3 ' 0100 3 3 14 0 8 0100 0.8 0100 0 '

15 3.1 3.1 0900 0100 3.2 0100 3.2 3.1 15 0.7 1000 0 8

~ 0100 0 '

16 3 1 0100 16 0.8 0100 0.8 0100 0.8 17 3.0 0300 3~1 0100 3.0 17 Oo3 110 0 0.9 0800 0.5 18 2.9 0800 3eo 0100 3.0 18 0,3 0100 0.7 2100 0+5 19 2.9 0100 3.6 14 00 3 ' 19 a'. 5 0400 0.7 0100 0~6 20 3.6 0100 3 9 1500 3.8 20 0.6 0100 1.0 1300 1.0 21 3.8 0700 4,1 1300 4' 21 0.6 1900 joo 0100 0 9 22 3. 4 2100 3.9 0100 3 ~7 22 0.3 2300 Oo6 0100 0+5 23 3.0 2400 3 ' 0100 3.2 23 0.3 0100 0.4 1000 0.3 24 2.9 0700 3.1 0100 3+0 24 0.3 0100 0.8 1600 0.6 25 2.8 0900 2 9 0100 2 ' 25 0.7 0100 0.7 0100 0.7 26 2.4 0800 3.1 1700 2 ' 26 0.7 0100 0 9 1800 0.8 27 3~0 0100 3~ 8 2100 3 4 27 0.7 1000 0~8 0100 0 ~ 7 28 3.8 0100 4 ~9 1700 4.4 28 0~7 0100 0.7 0100 0.7 29 4 2 2400 4 9 0100 4.8 29 0.7 0100 0.8 1300 0.7 30 2.1 2400 4.1 0100 3.1 30 0.7 0100 0 8 . 1200 0e8 31 0.6 0800 0+8 1300 0.7 MEAN se 4 ' HEAN

'os 0.22 SE 0 ~ 06

Table A-3. Dai.ly minimum, maximum, and mean level (m above msl) of the Susquehanna River at Ichthyological, Associates Laboratory, 1976.

DATE HINIHUM (TINE) HAXIHUH (TINE) HEAN DATE H IN I HUH (TINE) HAXIHUH (TINE)

JAN FEB 1

2 149. 53 14 9. 47 2400 1200 149 60 149.53 0100 0100 149 57 149 50 1

2 150. 36 150 ~ 36 1600 0100 150.57 150.48 0100 2200 150 150.39

'2 3 149. 41 1900 149.47 0100 149.44 3 150.02 2400 150.48 0100 150.27 4 149.35 2000 149.44 0900 149 41 4 149. 84 1500 150.02 0100 149.90 5 149.32 0100 149 38 0900 149.32 5 149.87 1200 149.90 0100 149. 87 6

7 148,99 148.96 1600 1600 149e60 149.11 0100 0100 149 '4 149 F 05 6

7 14 9 ~ 84 149. 66 1600 2100 149. 87 149 87 0100 0600 149e87 149e87 8

9 148. 99 149.02 0400 0100 149.02 149.11 0100 0900 148.99 149. 05 8

9 149. 63 149e60 2200 1100 149 '5 149.63 0700 0100 149.69 149.60 10 148.89 2000 149.11 0400 148.99 10 149 F 50 170 0 149.60 0100 149.57 11 12 148.83 148 .80 2300 0200 148 '3 148.96 0300 2400 148,89 148.83 11 12 149.53 149e50 0100 0300 149.53 149.66 0100 2400 149.53 149.57 13 148.89 2100 148.99 0300 148.96 13 149.69 0100 149.96 15DO 149 87 14 148. 93 0100 149.14 1200 149.08 14 149.90 0100 149e90 0100 149.90 15 16 149.14 14 9. 14 0100 1800 149.26 149.23 1100 0700 149.20 149.20 15 16 149e90 149.84 0100 1300 149 '9 149.93 1600 0100 149.96 149.87 17 18 149.14 149.11 0100 1800 149.26 149.44 1000 0400 149e23 149.20 17 18 149.96 151. 91 0100 0100 151 '2 153. 10 0100 2300 150.69 152.64 19 149.08 1900 149.17 07 00 149.14 19 153 e01 1800 153.16 0400 153e07 20 148 99 1400 149.11 0100 149.02 20 152 ~ 83 2400 153.04 0800 152.98 21 148.96 0700 148 ~ 99 0100 148.99 21 152e22 2400 152.80 0100 152.55 22 148.99 0100 149.11 2300 149.20 22 151. 91 1800 152.19 0100 152.03 23 148.96 1700 149el4 0400 149.05 23 151.97 0100 152.37 2400 152,19 24 148.89 1800 148e99 0900 148.96 24 151 ~ 85 2400 152.37 OIOD 152.13 25 148.83 1400 148.89 0100 148.86 25 151.42 2400 151.82 0100 151.61 26 148.83 0100 149.50 24 00 149e05 26 151 ~ 15 2300 151. 42 0100 151.30 27 14 9 ~ 57 0100 152.13 2400 150.69 27 151.00 2100 151 ~ 12 0100 151.09 28 151. 97 2400 152. 22 0400 152.16 28 150.97 0300 151. 00 0100 151.00 29 151. 36 2400 151.94 0100 151.58 29 ,

151.00 0100 151. 03 0300 151. 03 30 151.00 2400 ~ 151 ~ 33 0100 151e21 31 150.60 2400 151.00 0100 150.75 HEAN 149.47 BEAN 150.77 SE 0. 153 SE 0.214 APR 1

2 150.78 150.78 2400 0100 150.97 150.82 24 00 1500 150 150

'1

'2 1 2

149 ~ 81 150 e 30 0100 0100 150.27 150.91 2400 2300 149.96 150.66 3 150. 82 0100 151e30 2400 150.94 3 150.78 1700 150.91 0100 150.85 4 151.36 0100 152.10 2100 151 82 150.60 2300 150.78 0100 150.72 151 '1 4

5 6

151.85 151. 58 1500 2200 152.03 151.85 0100 0100

~

151.73 5

6 1 50 ~ 30 150 ~ 08 2400 2400 150.60 150.30 0100 0100 150 150.17

'5 7

8 151.33 151.06 2300 2400 151.55 151.30 0100 0100 151.46 151.18 7

8 149 '0 149 75

~

2100 2200 150e05 149e90 0100 0100 149e96 149.81 9 150. 75 2400 151.06 0100 150.91 9 149e63 2000 149.75 0100 149.69 10 150.45 2400 150.75 0100 150.60 10 149 '3 2400 149.63 0100 149.60 11 12 150. 30 150. 21 2400 2300 150 e45 150.30 0100 0100 150 '6 150.27 11 12 149. 44 149.38 2100 1800 149.53 148 '4 0100 0100 149.50 149e41 13 150.11 2200 150.21 0100 150.17 13 149. 32 2200 149.38 0100 149.35 14 15 149.96 149.90 2100 1800 150.11 149.96 0100 0100 150e02 149 '3 14 15 149 F 29 149 23 F

1800 1500 149.32 149.29 0100 0100 149 149.26

'2 16 149.84 2400 149.90 0100 149 ~ 87 16 14 9 ~ 14 2300 149.23 0100 149.20 17 149. 75 2200 149.84 0100 149.81 17 14 9 ~ 11 14 00 149. 14 0100 149.14 18 149.60 2000 149.75 0100 149.66 18 149.11 0100 149e87 2400 149.29 19 149 53 1500 149.60 0100 149.57 19 149.93 0100 150. 17 1100 150.11 20 149. 53 0100 149,57 1900 149.53 20 21 22 149.60 149.84 0100 0100 149 '4 150 e05 2200 2400 149 e69 149.93 21 22 149e50 149. 38 2100 2100 149.57 149 e47 0800 0100 149e53 149 44 23 150.05 2400 150.33 2100 150.21 23 149 ~ 29 2100 149.38 0100 149.32'49e23 24 150.21 2200 150e30 0100 150e27 24 149.20 1800 149.29 0100 25 150.02 2300 150.21 0100 150. 11 25 149.17 1100 149.20 0100 149e20 26 149.87 210 0 150 . 0100 149.93 26 149.23 0100 149. 38 2300 149.29 27 149.81 1200 02'49.87 0100 149.84 27 149 e 38 0100 150.14 2400 149 ~ 72 28 29 149.81 149.84 0100 0100 149.81 149e93 0100 2100 149 81 149e90 28 29 150 ~ 17 150.11 0100 2400 150 33 150.30 1000 0100 150 150.21

'0 30 31 149 '3 149.81 0100 2400 149 '6 149.93 0 300 0100 149.96 149.87 30 150.08 0700 150 e 11 0100 150.08 HEAN 150.35 HEAN 149.75 SE 0 124 SE 0.095

22 Tablo A-3 (cont.)

DATE MINIMUM (TINE) MAXIMUM {TINE) MINIMUM < TINE) MAXIMUM {TINE) MEAN NAY JUN 1

2 150.02 149<<90 1300 1800 150.08 150 02 0100 0100 150.05 149<<96 1

2 149.29 0100 149.29 0100 149 '9 4

3 149.87 149.99 0400 0100 149.99 150 . 02 2100 0500 149.93 150.02 3 149 '5 149. 38 0900 0100 149.38 149.41 0400 149.35 149.90 4 0100 149.38 5 1800 149.96 0100 149.93 149<<23 2400 149.35 6 149 '7 149.69 1600 149.90 149. 87 0100 149.90 5

6 149.17 1100 149 23 0100 2100 149.32 149,20 7 2200 0100 149.75 7 149 17 0100 149. 32 0100 149.23 8 149. 57 1700 149.69 0100 149.60 8 14 9. 26 1600 149.32 1100 149.29 10 9 149.47 149.44 2200 1500 14 9 ~ 57 149.47 0100 0100 149 F 50 149.47 9 149. 32 149.50 0100 149 '0 0100 149<<53 11 12 149.35 149,29 1900 1500 149.44 149.35 0100 0100 149.38 149.32'49<<35 ll 10 12, 149. 47 149. 11 2400 0100 2400 149.57 149.26 149.26 24 00 0100 0100 149.57 149.38 149.17 13 149.29 0100 149.47 2200 13 149.02 1900 149.11 0100 149.05 14 149.47 0100 149.53 1300 149. 50 149.02 15 16 149 '1 149. 29 2200 2200 149.53 149.41 0100 0100 149.50 149 35 14 15 148<<99 148<<99 0500 0100 148 99 0100 0100 148.99 148.99 16 148. 96 2400 148. 99 1700 148 99 17 149; 32 0100 149.32 0100 149.32 17 149.96 0100 149.02 24 00 148<<99 18 14 9 ~ 32 0100 149.96 1800 149.66 18 148<<99 0400 14 9. 17 2400 149.05 19 20 149. 75 149. 75 1600 0100 149.90 149.96 0100 120 0 149.81 149<<90 19 20 149.20 149.17 0100 1100 149.26 149.23 0700 24 00 149 '3 21 149.93 0100 150.39 24 00 150.11 21 149. 23 0100 151.00 24 00 149<<20'49.

99 22 150. 39 0100 150.48 0900 150.48 22 150<<50 2400 151.05 0200 150.82 23 150 30 2400 150.48 0100 150.42 23 150 ~ 05 2400 150.50 0100 150.24 24 25 150.11 149 90 2000 2200 150.30 150.08 0100 0100 150.21 149.99 24 25 149 ~ 69 149.47 2200 2300 149.99 14 9 ~ 69 0100 0100 149 149.57

'4 26 149,72 2200 149.90 0100 149. 81 26 149.41 0900 14 9. 47 0100 149 ~ 41 27 149<<60 2000 149.72 0100 149.66 27 149.38 2400 149.44 0100 149.44 28 149 ~ 53 2300 149.60 0100 149.57 28 149<<29 1200 149.38 0100 149.32 29 149<<47 2000 149.53 0100 149 F 50 29 149.26 1400 149. 35 0200 149.29 30 149<<41 2300 149.47 0100 149 ~ 44 30 149.26 0100 149.53 149.32 31 149.32 1800 149.41 0100 149 '5 2200 MEAN SE 149.73

0. 058 NEAM SE 149 0 '74

'9 JUL AUG 1 149<<50 0500 149.69 2100 149,60 1 148.99 0100 149.20 0900. 149.17 2 149 ~ 69 0100 149. 87 1200 149 81 2 148.96 2300 149.14 0100 149.05 3 149<<75 149.53 0100 2400 149. 84 149.87 0800 0100 149<<78 149.66 3

4 148 '6 148.99 0100 2200 149.20 149.17 1300 0100 149.14 149<<08 5 149<<41 1400 149 53 0100 149 44 5 148 ~ 86 1800 148.99 0100 148.93 6 149<<29 2000 149.41 0100 149 ~ 35 6 148.74 2300 148. 86 0100 148.80 7 149.20 1900 149.29 0100 149.23 7 148.74 0100 148.74 0100 148.74 8 149 ~ 11 2100 149.20 0100 149. 14 8 148 ~ 74 DIP 0 149 23 2300 148.93 9 149 02 2300 149.11 ~ 0100 149 <<08 9 149<<26 0100 150. 02 2200 149.57 10 148 99 1100 149.02 0100 148 99 10 149. 90 1900 150.02 11 12 148.99 149 <<08 0100 0100 149.08 149.11 1300 0700 149 149,08

'5 11 12 149<<69 149 ~ 47 2400 149.90 0100 0100 149.96 149.81 2300 149 69 0100 149.60 13 14 149. 08 149.66 0100 2300 149.96 149<<90 2000 0100 149 149<<75

'4 13 149<<29 2400 149.47 0100 149.38 14 149<<20 1600 149.29 0100 149.23 15 149.60 2200 149<<66 0100 149.63 15 149 ~ 20 0100 149.32 2100 149<<23 16 149 ~ 44 2200 149.60 0100 149.53 16 149 ~ 29 1200 149.32 0100 149<<29 17 149,29 2300 149.44 0100 149i35 17 149. 32 0100 149. 44 1900 149<<38 18 149<<20 1800 149.29 0100 149123 149. 38 14 9. 47 19 20 149 '4 149<<ll 2300 1200 149.17 14 9. 14 0100 149ir" 18 19 149.20 2200 2200 149.38 0100 0100 149.44 149 29 0100 149 <<11 20 149<<02 2200 14 9. 17 0100 149<<ll 21 148 .99 2200 14 9 ~ 08 0100 149.05 21 148 <<89 2300 149.02 0100 148 ~ 89 22 148.89 1900 148.99 0100 148,93 22 1'48. 83 1800 148.89 0100 148.86 23 148 83 0700 148 <<86 0100 148 <<83 23 148.80 0800 148. 83 0100 148. 80 24 25 148 148

<<83

<<80 0600 1000 148.86 148. 83 0100 0100 148,'83 148. 80 24 25 148 '4 148.68 1900 1200 148.77 148.71 0100 148 77 0100 148 <<68 26 148 <<74 1900 148.80 0100 148 77 26 148. 62 1600 148.68 0100 148.65 27 148 <<68 1700 148.74 0100 148 71 27 148 59 1400 148.6% 0100 148.62 28 148.65 1600 148.68 148.68 29 148 '5 0100 148,71 0100 2100 148.65 28 29 148. 59 148.71 0100 0700 148 77 148.77 1900 2300 148.71 148 <<77 30 31 148.71 148 <<71 0100 0100 148.77 148.99 0900 2400 148 <<74 148 '3 30 31 148 <<77 148 <<83 0100 1300 148 96 148. 93.

1300 0100 148 148. 86

'9 NEAM 149.17 MEAN 149.08 SE 0 '64 SE 0. 063

.23 Table A-3 (cont.)

DATE MINIMUM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAN DATE MINIMUM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME)

SEP OCT 1 148 ~ 83 0100 148.93 1700 148.89 1 148 96 1700 149.02 0100 148.99 2 148.83 1900 148.93 0100 148.89 2 148.83 2100 148. 96 0100 148. 89 3 148. 71 1900 148.83 010D 148.77 3 148.80 2200 148. 83 0100 148.83 4 148.65 1500 148.68 0100 148.68 4 148.77 1100 148. 80 0100 148.77 5 148.65 0100 148.68 1600 148.65 5 148+71 0900 '48.74 0100 148 ~ 71 6 148.65 1900 148.68 0100 148.68 6 148.68 0100 148.68 0100 148.68 7 148.65 0100 148.65 0100 148.65 7 148.62 1600 148.65 0100 148.65 8 148.59 2200 148.62 . 0100 148.62 8 148.62 0100 148.65 1300 148.65 9 148. 56 1300 148.59 0100 148. 59 9 148.65 0100 151. 39 24 00 149.60 10 148. 56 0100 148. 59 1700 148 56 10 151 55 0100 152.55 2400 152.19 11 148.56 0400 148.59 0100 148.56 11 152.00 2400 152.67 0700 152.46 12 148.56 0100 148.56 0100 148.56 12 151. 15 2400 151. 94 0100 151 ~ 52 13 148 ~ 56 0100 148.62 1700 148.59 13 150.57 2300 151. 12 0100 150.82 14 148.62 0100 148.68 1500 148.65 14 150.27 2400 151.54 0100 ).50. 42 15 148.65 2000 148.68 0100 148.68 15 150.11 2000 150.27 0100 150.17 16 148 +62 1200 148.68 2400 148.65 16 149.99 1500 150.08 0100 150+02 17 148 ~ 68 0100 148.68 0100 148.68 17 149. 93 1700 14 9. 99 0100 149.96 18 148.68 010((, 148.74 1800 148.71 18 149e75 2200 14 9.90 0100 149.81 19 148.74 0100 148.83 24 00 148.77 19 149 ~ 63 2100 149.75 0100 149.69 20 148.83 0100 148.96 1600 148. 93 20 149 ~ 57 0600 149.72 2400 149.60 21 148 .93 2400 148.99 0400 148.96 21 149.75 0100 151. 03 2000 150.54 22 23 24 148. 83 148,74 148.65 1900 1700 1800 148.93 148. 80 148.71 0100 0100 0100 148.86 148.77 148.68

'322 24 151 ~ 03 151. 33 150'91 2000 2300 2400 151.82 151.79 151. 30 2000 0100 0100 151. 42 151.58 151. 09 25 148. 62 1900 148.65 0100 148.65 25 150 78 0800 150.91 0100 150.82 26 148.62 0100 148.65 2000 148.62 26 150. 78 0100 150.88 1700 150 ~ 85 27 148.65 0100 148.68 0400 148 +68 27 150.69 2400 150. 88 0100 150.82 28 148.68 0100 "148 ~ 74 2000 148.71 28 150. 36 2400 150.69 0100 150. 51 29 148.74 0100 148.96 2200 148 83 29 150.08 2300 150.36 0100 150.21 30 148 '9 0100 149.05 14 00 149.02 30 31 149 90 149.90 2400 0100 150.08 149. 99 0100 2300 149'9 149'3 MEAN 148.72 MEAN 150+14 SE 0.023 SE 0.193 NOV DEC 1 149.99 0100 150 ~ 48 2300 150.24 1 148.99 0100 148.99 0100 14'9 2

3 150. 48 150.17 2400 2300 150.60 150 '5 0900 0100 150.54 150. 33 2

3 148.96 148.80 1300 1500 148.99 148.96 0100 0100 148 '9 148.86 149.96 2200'300 150 17 0100 150.05 4 148.80 1900 148 86 0100 148.83 5 149.87 149.96 0100 149.90 5 148.80 0100 148.83 0400 148+83

'6 149.81 2200 149.87 0100 149 ~ 84 6 148.80 0100 148. 83 0900 148 80 7 149.75 1800 149 ~ 81 0100 149.78 7 148.80 0100 149.47 24 00 148 e96 8 149.69 2200 149 75 0100 149.72 8 149.57 0100 149.78 0500 149e72 9 149.60 2200 14 9 ~ 69 0100 149.66 9 149 ~ 75 0100 149.90 1000 149 ~ 84 10 11 149.53 149.44 1700 1700 149 60 149.53 0100 0100 149.57 149.47 10 11 149 '2 149+63 0400 1700 149.75 149.75 0100 0100 149o72 149.69 12 149. 38 2200 149.44 0100 149. 41 12 149. 53 2000 14 9.60 0100 149.57 13 149. 32 2200 149.38 0100 149.35 13 149.50 2200 149 ~ 53 0100 149.53 14 15 149.26 149.26 2400 0100 149 ~ 32 149 26 0100 0100 149.29 149 26 14 15 149+ 41 149.20 2100 1800 149.50 149.41 0100 0100 149 '7 149.29 16 149.20 2000 149.23 0100 149.23 16 149 ~ 05 2300 149.23 0400 149.14 17 149+14 1300 149.20 0100 149.17 17 14 9. 08 0100 149.11 0200 149ell 18 149.11 1000 149.14 0100 149.).1 18 149. 14 0100 14 9 ~ 14 0100 149+14 19 149.05 1800 149.11 0100 149.08 19 149.11 1200 149. 14 0100 149 11 20 149+05 0100 149.05 0100 149.05 20 149. 11 0100 149.11 0100 149 ~ 11 21 149.02 0100 149.02 0100 149.02 21 149.11 0100 14 9. 11 0100 14 9 ~ 11 22 149.02 0100. 149.02 0100 149.02 22 149. 11 0100 149.17 0600 149+14 23 149.02 .0100 149.02 0100 149.02 23 149+02 1800 14 9.26 0600 149.14 24 25 148 .96 148.93 2300 1000 149.02 148 96 0100 0100 148.99 148.93 24 25 148.96 148 ~ 93 1800 2200 149.08 149. 02 0400 0900 149 '2 148 ~ 99 26 148 AD &6 2000 148 89 0100 148.89 26 148 ~ 93 0100 148.96 1100 148 +96 27 148. 86 0100 148 86 0100 148 86 27 148.93 0300 148. 96 0100 148 +96 2&

29 148. 86 148.86 0100 0100 148.86 14'3 0100 1800 148.86 148.89 28 29 148 ~ 93 148.83 1500 1600 148 96 14& .93 0100 0100 148 '6 148.86 30 148. 93 0100 148.99 1500 148. 96 30 '48.86 1700 149.02 0800 14&e93 31 148 +&3 1300 148.93 1100 148 ~ 86 MEAN 149.38 MEAN 149 15

~

SE 0 087 SE Oe054

24 3

Table A-4. Daily flow (rn /s) of the Susquehanna River at Ichthyological Associates Laboratory, 1976.

DAY JAN . FEE MAR APR HAY JUN. JUL AUG SE P OCT NOV DEC 1 442 889 1195 652 659 310 445 268 185 216 835 "211 2 AQB 869 1119 1070 610 327 566 228 180 191 968 210 3 377 737 1344 1157 596 337 538 264 153 170 827 193 4 340 582 2063 1072 629 352 473 232 133 155 684 171 5 322 494 2010 892 601 314 378 190 130 140 608 163 6 282 '522 1814 727 584 265 330 163 126 131 577 158 7 257 466 1581 625 517 285 287 154 119 123 545 258 8 259 437 1376 550 446 305 263 223 113 123 507 500 9 234 420 1146 486 398 412 243 470 108 666 468 548 10 201 395 944 435 370 414 226 608 109 2558 429 525 11 185 406 837 394 335 349 229 544 110 2665 395 494 12 174 438 773 356 311 282 241 444 106 1722 373 450 13 193 577 710 329 353 238 413 362 111 1162 351 422 14 242 594 635 309 412 217 513 305 124 897 323 378 15 294 615 586 288 388 215 470 312 124 756 299 306 16 287 574 556 267 324 212 423 326 121 671 282 269 17 261 1127 524 249 314 221 354 363 134 630 266 269 18 226 2795 457 351 475 254 298 372 152 558 254 275 19 202 3269 414 675 528 305 271 309 166 484 243 259 20 186 3153 419 543 593 286 249 251 198 4 43 234 251 21 174 2691 511 426 743 774 225 209 204 1073 228 2,45 22 188 2161 625 373 929 1130 197 181 178 1771 225 258 23 167 2296 776 328 878 764 180 162 153 1784 219 284 24 155 2240 780 285 731 563 177 147 134 1385 209 427 25 163 1774 686 264 618 445 - 166 134 123 1158 198 486 26 356 1506 594 306 528 393 150 123 118 1194 18 9 452 27 1394 1343 545 510 464 380 136 122 126 1152 183 412 28 2324 1281 553 801 433 326 127 146- 14 3 958 180 3/2 29 1819 1300 598 765 402 305 127 150 182 774 189 320 30 1468 622 690 373 318 147 "

187 224 651 20 7 363 31 1117 580 327 201 173 630 387 BEAN 474 1240 883 539 512 377 292 262 143 871 383 333 SE 97.9 169 .5 84.0 47.8 29.4 36.0 23. 6 22. 6 5.9 122 ' 40.1 20.8

25 Table A-5. Physicochemical data collected at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, January, February, and March, 1976.

CATE 8 JAN 14 JAN 21 JAN 29 JAN TIME 1415 1100 1330 14 00 RIVEF, LEVEL(H ABOVE HSL) 148. 99 149.08 148. 96 151.49 TEMPERATURE (C)

AIR -10.0 7.0 6.0 -4.0 WA'I'EB 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 WEATHER SUNNY OVERCAST SNOW OVERCAST H BAN SE SECCHI DISC(CH) 120 70 160 10 90 29.0 TURBIDITY(JTU), 11 . 27 9 155 51 31. 4 OXYGEN DISSOLVED(NG/L) 13.90 13. 35 13. 75 13. 85 13. 71 0.112 PEBCENT SA'IURATION 101 97 98 96 98 1.0 ALKALINI'I'Y(NG/L) 44 52 51 23 43 6.0 PH 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 0.04 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pHHOS/CM) 250 310 270 110 235 38.9 SULFATE(MG/I ) 83 87 77 28" 69 12.3 IRON(MG/L)

TOTAL l. 76 2.25 1. 85 4.95 2. 70 0.677 0.225 D IS SGLV ED 1. 18 0.93 ~ 1.37 0.22 0. 93 PERCENT DISSOL'VED 67 41 74 4 47 14.2 RESIDUE (NG/L)

TOTAL 171 211 198 225 201 10.3 FIXED TOTAL 117 155 141 175 147 10.9 NONFILTBABIE 6 18 10 136 43 28.0 FIXED NONPILTBABLE 5 14 5 121 36 25.3 DATE 5 FEB 12 FEB 19 FEB 26 PEB TI)lE 1400 1600 1430 1330 RIVER LEVEL(H ABOVE MSL) 149.87 149. 57 153.07 151. 27 TEMPERATURE (C)

AI R -9.0 0.0 8.0 15. 0 WM'EB -0.5 2o0 2.0 3. 5 WEAThEB SNOW OVERCAST P.CLOUDY P CLOUDY 7LLCCITY(N/S) 0.41 1.25 0.83 0.343 SECCH I DISC(CH) 100 130 3 30 66 26.5 TURB ID I'I'Y( JTU) 12 10 340 55 104 70 '

OX'YGEN DISSOLVED(NG/L) 13. 70 13. 80 13. 50 13. 20 13.55 0.118 PERCENT SATURATION 92 99 101 99 98 1.8 ALKALINI'I'Y(NG/L) 20 19 18 12 17 1.6 PH 6,4 6.8 7 ' 6.9 6.9 F 17 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(BMHOS/CH) 192 230 93 115 158 28. 8 IULFATE(NG/L) .46 58 24 28 39 7.1 IRON(MG/L)

TOTAL 1.61 1.58 2.67 2.14 2.00 0.231 D IS SOLV ED l. 21 1.16 0.03 0.18 0.65 0.280 PERCEN'I'ISSOLVED 75 73 1 8 39 18.0 RESIDUE(HG/L)

TOTAL 138 150 518 170 244 81. 9 PIXED TOTAL 100 119 503 146 217 85.7 NONPILTBABLE 15 21 433 48 129 90. 8 PIXED NONPIITRABLE 12 3 378 43 109 80.6 DATE 3 HAR 10 MAR TINE 1330 1200 RI VER LEV EL (M ABOVE HSL) 150. 88 150.60 TEMPERATURE (C)

AIR -2. 5 -2. 0 WATER 5.0 3.0 WEATHER OVERCAST P.CLOUDY MEAN VELOCITY(H/S) 0.72 0.67 0. 70 0. 020 SECCHI DISC(CN) 60 55 58 2. 0 TURBIDITY(JTU) 21 19 20 0.8 OXYGEN DISSOLVED(HG/L) 12. 40, 13. 30 12. 85 0. 367 PERCENI'ATURATION 96 98 97 0.8 ALKALINITY(NG/L) 32 37 35 2.0 PH 6.8 6.9 6 ~9 0.04

~ SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pHHOS/Ct'I) 130 130 130 0.0 SULFATE(HG/L) 31 31 31 0.0 IRON (HG/L)

TOTAI l. 12 1 ~ 18 1.15 0.024 DISSOLVED 0. 27 0. 30 0.29 0.012 PERCENT DISSOLVED 24 25 25 0.4 RESIDUE (NG/L)

TOTAL 107 114 111 2.9 FIXED 'IOTAL 92 92 92 0.0 NONPILTRABLE 27 24 26 1.2 FIXED NONFILTRABLE 15 15 15 0.0

26 Table A-6. Physicochemical data collected at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, April, May, and June, 1976.,

DATE 7 APR 9 APR 13 APR 15 APR 21 APR 23 APR 28 APR 30 APR TINE 14 30 14 30 1600 1320 14 30 14 00 1400 1400 RIVER LEVEL(M ABOVE HSL)

TEMPERATURE (C) 149. 96 149.69 149 '5 14 9. 17 149+53 149.32 I

150. 21 150. 05 8.0 '

AIR WATER WEATHER

15. 0 PeCLOUDY 9 ' 9.0 SUNNY 18

'UNNY 90120 19.0 OVERCAST 23.0

18. 5 SUNNY 22 5 19o0 SUNNY OVERCAST

14. 5

10. 5

14. 0

10. 0 SUNNY MEAN SE VELOCITY(M/S) 0,48 0 ~ 44 0. 31 0 23 0+37 0.28 0.35 0 ~ 036 SECCHI DISC(CM) 72 126 140 130 71 88 68 60 94 10. 8 TURBIDITY(JTU) 18 16 14 18 24 12 18 34 19 2.3 OXYGEN DISSOLVED (MG/I ) 11. 70 11.80 12. 40 12.15 9. 90 11 40~ 10.70 10.96 11. 38 0.275 PERCENT SATURATION 100 99 106 111 105 121 95 96 104 2.9 ALKALINITY(HG/L)

PH SPECIPIC CONDUCTANCE 36 7 2 7 37

' 7' 42 48

7. 4 38 7.1 6.8 44 70.71 52 36 42 7.2 2.0 0.08 AT 25 C(UHNOS/cH) 150 170 210 230 170 210 200 140 185 10. 7 SULFATE(HG/L) 38 48 48 58 43 50 33 48 46 2.6 IRON (HG/L)

TOTAL l. 30 1,28 1. 31 1.49 1. 20 1.21 i+40 1 84 1.38 0.070 DISSOLVED 0. 59 0. 70 0. 18 0 F 05 0.57 0.58 0.19 0. 40 0.41 0.080 PERCENT DISSOLVED 45 55 14 3 48 48 14 22 31 6.7 RESIDUE(HG/L)

TOTAI 121 130 149 158 118 133 153 129 136 5.0 FIXED TOTAL 97 104 121 132 91 105 114 102 108 4. 5 NONFIITRABLE 10 9 7 7 12 13 25 30 14 2.9 PIXED NONFIITRABLE 8 6 6 12 11 22 25 12 2.4 DATE 4 MAY 7 HAY 11 HAY 14 MAY 17 HAY 20 HAY 27 MAY 29 MAY TIME 1415 1600 1330 1345 1600 1500 14 00 1115 RIVER LEVEL(M ABOVE MSI,) 149 ~ 99 149.72 149. 38 149.53 149. 32 149.96 149. 63 14 9. 53 TEMPERATURE(C)

AIR 11+5 210 110 14 0 14 5 14 0 20 5 200 WATER 10.5 14.0 15.5 15.0 18.0 14.0 13.5 17 ~ 0 WEATHER OVERCAST OVERCAST OVERCAST OVERCAST P CLOUDY OVERCAST PoCLOUDY OVERCAST MEAN VELOCITY(H/S) 0.22 0.12 0. 17 0. 041 SECCHI DISC(CM) 110 115 137 113 65 38 105 100 98 10. 5 TURBIDITY(JTU) 9 12 12 12 23 45 12 10 17 4.0 OXYGEN DISSOLVED(MG/L) 10.50 10.70 11.65 11. 55 9.95 10.10 10. 20 9 '5 10.58 0,228 PERCENT SATURATION 93 103 115 113 105 98 96 102 103 2.6 ALKALINITY(HG/L) 42 40 47 54 39 38 43 47 44 1.8 PH 7.1 6.8 7~5 7.7 7~3 7.0 6.9 7.1 7 ~2 0.10 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C()jHHOS/CM) 160 160 180 210 210 150 170 190 179 7.7 SULFATE(MG/L) 45 40 42 47 48 45 42 47 45 1.0 IRON(MG/L)

TOTAL l. 27 1.21 1.31 1.01 l. 47 2.30 1+ 59 1. 58 1. 47 0 ~ 130 DISSOLVED Oe 48 0 52 0.11 0.06 0. 16 0.18 0 ~ 58 0.35 0.31 0 ~ 068 PERCENT DISSOLVED 38 43 8 6 11 8 36 22 22 5.1 RESIDUE(MG/L)

TOTAL 127 135 139 144 155 156 128 147 141 3' FIXED TOTAL 89 90 103 100 117 124 100 108 104 4,1 NONFILTRABLE 14 13 10 8 14 36 13 13 15 2.9 PIXED NONFILTRABLE 12 12 5 5 14 29 11 11 12 2.5 DATE 1 JUN 4 JUN 8 JUN 11 JUN 16 JUN 18 JUN 22 JUN 25 JUN 30 JUN TIME 1545 1315 14 00 1415 14 40 1615 1340 1545 16 30 RIVER LEVEL(H ABOVE HSL) 149.29 149.57 149.29 149.35 148.99 149.05 150.75 14 9 ~ 53 149.29 TEHPERATURE(C)

AIR 11.0 18.0 22.0 28.5 27.0 28.5 24.0 28.0 22.0 WATER 17.0 20 ' 20.5 23.5 24 ' 25.0 20.0 25.0 24.0 WEATHER OVERCAST P.CLOUDY SUNNY P.CLOUDY OVERCAST P.CLOUDY P.CLOUDY P.CLOUDY HVY~ RAIN MEAN SE VELOCITY(H/S)

SECCHI DISC(CM) 0 23 98 0 23 67 0 22 0 '461 0.18 0 23 1. 03 0. 55 0.45 0 '755 0+087 67 61 60 2 37 42 8.3 TURBIDITY(JTU) 14 28 50 18 37 34 1600 56 33 208 165.2 OXYGEN DISSOLVED (MG/I )

PERCENT SATURATION 9 '096 12.30 132

,11.00 121 9.80 115 10.20 10.20 7.20 7 ~ 75 8 50 9.58 0. 506 120 120 78 93 101 108 5.5 ALKALINITY(HG/L) 48 58 62 49 62 57 24 36 34 48 4.3 PH 7 1 - 7 8 7~ 7 7.2 7.5 0.16 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(UHBOS/CH) 220 220 220 210 250 260 120 190 240 214 13. 0 SULPATE(HG/L) 53 47 58 65 62 58 23 27 66 51 5.0 IRON (MG/L)

TOTAL 1. 52 1.72 l. 98 l. 66 2 00 2,28 52. 80 3. 62 2.70 7. 81 5. 339 DISSOLVED 0. 10 0.02 0. 04 0.11 0 ~ 03 0.02 0. 13 0.26 0.24 0.11 0.029 PERCENT DISSOLVED 7 1 2 7 2 1 0 7 9 4 1.1 RESIDUE(MG/L)

TOTAL 160 168 160 162 180 181 1490 195 189 321 138.7 FIXED 'IOTAL 111 113 118 112 130 137 1380 152 136 265 132. 2 NONFILTRABLE FIXED NONFILTRABLE 8

5 25 13 24 10 ll 19 24 15 34 14 601 565 67 58 53 30 95 80 60.3 57 '

27 Table A 7. Fhysicochenical data collected at SSEs-A on the Susquehanna River, July< August, and Septenber, 1976 JUL 14 JUL 21 JUL 30 JUL

'ATt F

TitlE 1415 14 20 1420 1400 RIVCR LCVCL(I'BOVE I(SL) 149.14 149,72 149.05 148.74 1ENPERATURE(C)

AIR 23.0 28.0 23.0 27. 5 EATER 23.0 21.5 23.5 24. 5 NEA'INCR OVEFCAST P.CLOUDY LT.RAIN OVKPCAST (5 CAN KC VELCCITY((l/8) 0. 33 0.53 0. 29 0. 18 0.33 0 ~ 065 SCCC(il DISC(CN) 55 15 60 52 46 F 2 TUIBIDITY(NIU) 17 66 13 16 28 11. 4 OXYGEN DISSOLVED(FG/L) 7. 80 90 7 ~ 20 80 9 '5 117 8 ~ 25 99 8.30 97 0 '28 7.0 PE(CKI(T SATURATION ALKALINITY(SCIL) 30 42 41 58 43 5.2 Pb 7.3 7.5 7. ~ 0.08 SPECIFIC CONGUCTANCC AT 25 C(SNBOS/CN) 240 220 250 320 258 19. 5 SULFATE (NC/L) 47 37 47 66 49 5 '

II ON ( I'C/L) 1.131 TOTAL 3~ 05 7 ~ 43 2,40 1. 92 3 ~ 70 DISSOLVED 0 ~ 25 0 ~ 13 0.16 0 04 0.15 0.039 PCRCENT DISSOLVED 8 2 7 5 1.4 RESIDUE(iiG/L)

TOTAL 195 270 172 229 217 19 ~ I FIXED TOTAL 137 216 132 175 165 17.5 NONFILT RAELE 29 119 21 25 49 21.1 FIXED NGNFILTRABLE 23 105 13 12 38 20.0 DATC 5 AUG 11 AUG 18 AUG 25 AUC TIFI 1545 1445 1115 1500 RIVER LEVEL((i AKGVE NSL) 148.89 149.01 I ~ 9.44 148 ~ 60 7 L(iPKIAT ORE (C)

AIR 29 ~ 0 27.0 23 ' 28. 5 CATER 23. 5 20.5 22.0 25. 5 UKATBKR P.CLOUDY SUANY P,CLCUEY SUNNY NIAN SE VELCCITY(N/S)

SKCC(ii DISC(CN) 0 '559 0.62 19

0. 50 55 0.14 51 0.38 46 0.099 8.2 TURBIDITY(N'I"0) 12 50 18 12 23 8.1 OXYGEN DISSGLVKD(FG/L) 8.80 7.'70 8.00 11. 00 8 F 88 0 '67 PCECKNT SATURATIGN 102 '86 9" 137 104 10 '

ALKALINI'TY (NG/L) 39 28 30 53 38 5 ~ I PN 7 ' 'I .4 7.4 8.0 7.7 0 13 SI'KCIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(VNHOS/CN) 270 180 190 300 235 26.5 SULFA'IL(iiC/L) 48 24 31 62 41 7' IRGN(NG/L) 1OTAL 2. 19 4,95 2.58 2. 06 2,95 0.606 CI 8SGLV CD 0.25 0.15 0.45 0. 06 0 23 0 075 PERCENT'ISSOLVED 11 17 3 9 3.0 RLS I CUE (I'IC/L)

TOTAI 189 205 162 195 188 8.2 I IXKD TGIAL 137 164 132 146 145 6.3 bGNF ILTRABLK 25 101 37 17 45 17 ~ 1 PIXKD NGNFILTRABLE 12 86 31 14 36 15.5 DATE 2 SEP 8 SEP 16 SKP 22 SEP TINE 1415 1615 1530 1500 RIVEP LEVEL(N AECVC NSL) 148.86 148,59 148.62 148.86 TK(iPKRATURC(C)

AIR 18.0 23 ' 20. 0 18 ~ 0 RAT CR 21 ~ 0 21.5 21. 0 19. 0

-*liLATBKR OVERCAST SUNNY LT RAIN P.CLOUDY NKAN SK VCLGCITY(N/S) 0. 19 "0 02 0.14 0. 19 0. 14 0. 036 SKCCHI DISC(C(i) 55 65 70 67 64 F 9

'TURBIDITY(NTU) 11 11 11 12 11 0 '

OXYCCN DISSOLVED(PC/L) 8.95 11. 90, 8. 40 8.25 9.38 0.765 I'El'CKN'I SATURATION 100 135 92 88 104 9.6 ALKALINITY(FC/I) 42 50 72 49 53 5.8 Pli 7' 7.8 7.8 7.7 7. 8 0.03 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 Ctul',NOS/CN) 280 320 340 280 305 13.4 SOLE A'TE (NC/L I 47 72 64 46 57 5.7 IRON(I'.G/L)

TOTAL 2 ~ 02 2~ 40 2.22 2. 12 2. 19 0. 07 2 DISSOLVED 0 ~ 06 0 ~ 08 0 F 04 0 ~ 11 0. 07 0.013 PEECC(iT DISSOLVED 3 3 2 5 3 0.6 RESIDUE(NC/L)

'IOTAL 202 216 197 183 200 6.1 FIXED 'IOTAL 161 166 165 153 161 2.6 NGNFILTRABLE 19 14 11 16 15 1.5 FIXED NGNFILTFABLC 10 8 7 12 1.0

28 Table A-8. Phyeicochenicai data collected at SSESKA on the Susquehanna River, October, Novenber, and Decenber, 1976.

CATE 15 OCT 28 OCT TlttE 16CO 1430 RIVER LEVEL(N ABOVE ttSL) 150 ~ 14 150.48 TKt)PKRATLRE(C)

AIP 21.0 5.5 l,ATKF 10.5 6 ~0 NKATHCR SUNNY P ~ CLOUDY NKAN SC VELOCITY(N/S) 0.76 0. 76 SKCCI(l DISC(CH) 33 47 40 5.7 TURBIDITY(H'IU) 23 14 19 3.7 OXYGEN DISSOLVED(FG/L) 10. 00 ).1.60 10.80 0.653 PEFCKNI SAKUFATION 89 91 90 0.8 ALKALINITY(HG/L) 33 33 33 0.0 PH 7~3 7.4 7 ' 0.04 spEcIFIc couDUOFANcc AT 25 C(UFHOS/CN) 170 150 16C 8~2 SULFATE(HG/L) 32 36 34 1.6 IRON(HG/L)

TOTAL 3. 08 1.82 2 ~ 45 0. 514 DISSOLVED 0 ~ 55 0,46 0 ~ 51 0.037 PCFCCN'I DISSOLVCD 18 25 22 2.9 RESIDUE(ttG/L)

TOTAL 156 141 I~ 9 6.1 FIXED TOTAL tCNFILTRABKE FIXED HONFILTPABLE ll 122 30 109 28 19 116 35 25

5. 3 5.3

~ 5 DA'I E 12 NOV 24 NOV Tlttl, 1115 1115 RIVEF ICVEL(N AKOVE ttSL) 149.ll 148.99 TKttPERAT ORE(C)

AIR 6.0 ~ .0 MTKP 3 5 2 5 KCATUCR SutFNY P CLOUDY trEAtt SE VELOCITY(H/S) 0.53 0.30 0 42 0 094 SKCC)II DISC(Ct'.) 135 136 136 0. 4 TVFBIDI'IY(NTU) 6 8 7 0 8 OXYGEN D I S SO LV KD ( t!C/L) 12. 50 12.')0 12.60 0 ~ 082 PEI CENT SATURATION 93 93 93 0~0 ALKALINITY(t'0/L) 28 28 28 0~ 0 Ptf Sf'LCIFIC COH(A)CTANCC 7~ l 'l.l 7.4 0. 00 AT 25 C(utittGS/Ctt) 200 260 230 24. 5 SULFATE(t)C/L) 47 44 46 1.2 IFOt: (ttG/L) 7OTA I l. 71 2.40 2.06 0. 282 DISSOLVED 1. 05 0 lS

~ 0.75 0.245 PERCENT DISSOLVED 61 19 40 17. I RKSICVC(NG/L)

'TOTAL 148 190 169 17 ~ I I

F X KD TOT A I 110 140 125 )2. 2 hONFILTI'ABKC 8 10 9 0.8 PIXED hOHFILTRAU( E 6 6 0. 0 CATE 16 DEC 28 DEC 7I11E 1445 1030 RIVER LCVCL(N ABOVC FSL) 149.08 148.89 TKFPERATURC(C)

AIR 4~0 0.0

'FATER 0.0 0.5 HEATHER OVERCAST OVERCAST N CAN SC S KCC 8 I DISC (CH) 118 138 128 8. 2 TURK'IDITY(NTV) 3 9 6 2.

OXYGEN DISSOLVED(HC/L) 13.70 13 ~ 60 13. 65 0 ~ 041 PEFCCNT SATURATION 95 96 96 0. ~

ALKALINITY(ttc/I) 43 28 36 6.1 PH 7~2 7.2 7.2 0.00 SPEctFIC COFKVCTaNCE A'F 25 C(utiHOS/Ctt) 220 265 243 18 ~ 4 SULFATE(HG/L) 19 61 40 17. I IRON(NG/L)

TOTAL DISSOLVED

l. 93 2. 19 2. 06 0. 106 0 ~ 92 0.70 0. Cl 0. 090 PEF CCN'I DISSOLVED ~8 32 40 6.5

, FESICVC(ttG/L)

TOTAL 154 197 176 17.6 FIXED TOTAL 118 152 135 13.9 NONFI LTRABLF 13 11 12 0~8 FIXED ttCXFILTFACLC 6 7 7 0 ~ ~

29 Table A-9. Rane es of values and monthly means for physicochemical data collected at SSES-A, 1976.

RANGE VALUES MONTHLY MEANS PARMETER MINIMUM DAY MAXIHUH DAY MIN IMUM MONTH MAXIMUH MONTH V BLOC ITY( H/S) 0.02 8 SEP l. 25 26 FEB 0. 14 SEP 0. 83 FEB S ECCH I D IS C (CH ) ,2 22 JUN 160 21 JM 40 OCT 136 NOV TURBIDITY 13 16 DEC '1600 22 JUN 6 DEC 208 JUN OXYGEN DISSOLVED(HG ) fl 7.20 22 JUN 22 JUN

13. 90 137 8 JAN 25 AUG

8. 30 90 JUL OCT 13.71 ld8 JAN JUN PERCENT SATURATION 78 ALKALIN ITY ( HG/L ) 12 26 FEB 72 16 SEP 17 FEB 53 SEP PH 6.4 5 FEB 8 ' 25 AUG 6.9 FEB 7.8 SEP SPECI PIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(uNHOS/CM) 93 19 PEB 340 16 SEP 130 MAR 305 SEP SULFATE(MG/L) 19 1,6 DEC 87 14 JAN 31 HAR 69 JAN IRON (HG/L)

TOTAL 1.01 14 MAY 52.80 22 JUN 1.15 HAR 7.81 JUN

~

DISSOLVED 0.02 4 JUN 1.37 21 JM 0.07 SEP 0.93 JAN PERCENT DISSOLVED 0 22 JUN 75 5 FEB 3 SEP 4,7 JAN RES I DU 8 (HG/L )

TOTAL 107 3 HAR 14 90 22 JUN 111 MAR 321 JUN FIXED TOTAL 89 4 HAY 1380 22 JUN 92 HAR 265 JUN NONPILTRABLE 6 8 JAN 601 22 JUN 9 NOV 129 FEB FIXED NONFILTRABLE 3 12 PEB 565 22 JUN 6 NOV 109 FEB JTU, Jan-Jun and NTU, Jul-Dec.

30 Table A-10. Physicochemical data collected monthly at Ichthyological Associates boat ramp on the Susquehanna River, 1976. Samples vere collected and analyzed by the Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, Hdzleton, Pennsylvania.

Sample Number 152 153 154 155 156 157 Date 27 Jan 17 Feb 15 Mar 12 Apr 11 May 7 Jun Time 1309 1330 1405 1330 1325 1353 River temperature (F) 32. 9 37.4 39. 2, 48.2 59. 0 68. 0 Color (Pt - Co units) 30.0 11.5 21.3 39.0 22. 5 23.5 Turbidity (FTU) 125 43 7.4 7.3 8.3 17 pH at 25 C 7.20 7.30 7.45 7.45 7.70 7.55 Specific conductance at 25 C (nmhos/cm) 210 190 195 215 210 245 Suspended matter 351.1 114.8 12.1 11. 0 *21".' 91. 4 Ammonia nitrogen (as N) 0.16 0.38 0.08 0. 22 0. 20 0. 31 Nitrate nitrogen (as N) 1.06 0.80 0.96 0. 75 0. 47 0. 49 Methyl orange alkalinity (as CaCO>) 28 35 41 45 49 56 Hardness (as CaC03) 61.5 66. 0 78.5 89.5 85.0 99 Total dissolved solids at 103 C 123.2 114.4 128.8 139 0

~ 121.2 157.0 Loss on ignition 35.8 39.4 34.4 43.8 32.6 54.8 Silicon dioxide (Si02) 3.00 5.10 4.64 3.00 1.45 0.23 Calcium (Ca) 18.8 20.0 23.2 26.0 25.6 29.6 Magnesium (Mg) 3.5 3.9 5.0 6.0 5.1 6.1 Sodium (Na) 14.2 9.0 6.4 7.0 6.9 8.1 Potassium (K) 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.0 Bicarbonate (HC03) 34.2 42. 7 50. 0 54.9 59.8 68.3 Sulfate (S04) 35. 0 29.0 37.0 50.0 35.0 42. 0 Chloride (Cl) 20.6 14.7 9.1 9.7 8.5 10. 3 Nitrate (N03) 4 '7 3.55 4.25 3.30 2.10 2.18 Phosphate (P04) 1.54 0.44 0. 13 0.16 0.12 0. 14 Total mineral solids 135.8 129.9 146. 8 161.6 146.6 168.8 Dissolved oxygen (02) 15+ 14.0 13.3 10.8 10.7 11. 0 Ion Anal sis me/I Positive ions Calcium (Ca) 0.94 1.00 1.16 1. 30 1.28 1.48 Magnesium (Mg) 0.29 0.32 0.41 0.49 0.42 0. 50 Sodium (Na) 0.62 0.39 0. 28 0.30 0.30 0. 35 Potassium (K) 0.05 0.05 0. 04 0.04 0.06 0. 05 Total 1.90 1.76 1.89 2.13 2. 06 2. 38 Negative ions Bicarbonate (HC03) 0.56 0. 70 0.82 0. 90 0.98 1.12 Sulfate (S04) 0.73 0.60 0. 77 1.04 0.73 0. 87 Chloride (CI) 0.58 0.41 0. 26 0.27 0.24 0.29 Nitrate (N03) 0.08 0.06 0. 07 0. 05 0.03 0.04 Phosphate (P04) 0.05 0.01 trace 0. 01 0.00 trace Total 2.00 1.78 1.92 2.27 1.98 2.32 Trace Metal Anal sis m /1 Iron (Fe), total 9.10 2. 38 1.26 1.80 1.23 1.17 Iron (Fe), dissolved a 0.09 0.53 0.67 0.33 0.36 Aluminum (Al), total 2. 65 0.80 0.62 0.62 0.39 0.45 Aluminum (Al), dissolved a 0. 02 0.07 0. 12 0.05 0.02 Manganese (Mn), total 0.56 0.21 0.20 0. 31 0.26 0.29 Manganese (Mn), dissolved a 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 Copper (Cu), total 0. 01 0. 01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Copper (Cu), dissolved a 0. 01 0. 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zinc (Zn), total 0.06 0. 02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Zinc (Zn), dissolved 0. 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

31 Table A-10 (cont.)

Sample Number 158 159 160 161 162 163 Date 12 Jul 11 Aug 13 Sep 4 Oct 2 Nov 6 Dec Time 1307 1413 1417 1318 1436 1510 River temperature (F) 74.3 68.9 71.6 61. 7 42. 6 32.9 Color (Pt - Co units) 10. 6 20 12.9 45.8 54.1 64.6 Turbidity (FTU) 19.0 58 10.4 8.7 18.0 8.8 pH at 25 C 7.50 7.45 7.70 7.30 7.40 7.35 Specific conductance at 25 C (umhos/cm) 270 185 365 325 165 300 Suspended matter 29.8 108.8 14.7 1 ~ 9 30.4 12. 4 Ammonia nitrogen (as N) 0. 14 0.32 0.25 0.42 0.30 0. 65 Nitrate nitrogen (as N) 0.80 0.67 0.52 0.87 0.76 1.13 Methyl orange alkalinity (as CaC03) 55 46 70 58 42 62 Hardness (as CaC03) 105.5 71.5 139 107.5 65.6 122 Total dissolved solids at 103 C 162.0 115.4 224.4 177.6 ' '108 187.4 Loss on ignition 46. 0 41.2 69.6 55.6 34.2 50,0 Silicon dioxide (Si02) 2.53 4.20 0.98 2.82 4.78 3. 69 Calcium (Ca) 34.0 23.2 39.6 33 ' 20.4 36.4 5.0 3.3 9.7 6.0 3.5 7.5 Magnesium (Mg)

Sodium (Na) 8.7 6.9 11.4 9.4 '.9 10. 0 Potassium (K) 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.6 Bicarbonate (HC03) 67.1 56.1 85.4 70.8 51.2 75. 6 Sulfate (S04) 47.7 24.5 65.8 46.8 27.4 59.6 Chloride (Cl) 10.3 8.5 14.0 12 ' 6.1 - 13.3 Nitrate (NO ) 3.52 2.98 2.28 3.85 3.35 4.99 Phosphate (/04) 0.63 0.48 0. 09 0.09 0. 09 0.25 Total mineral, solids 181. 3 138.5 231. 8 187.2 123 ' 212.7 Dissolved oxygen (02) 8.3 7.2 10. 6 8.7 ll. 6 15+

Ion Anal sis me/1 Positive ions Calcium (Ca) 1.70 1.16 1.98 l. 66 1. 02 1.82 Magnesium (Mg) 0.41 0. 27 0. 80 0.49 0. 29 0. 62 Sodium (Na) 0.38 0. 30 0. 50 0.41 0. 15 0. 44 Potassium (K) 0. 06 0. 06 0. 06 0.06 '0. 05 0. 04 Total 2.55 l. 79 3.34 2. 62 1.51 2. 92 Negative ions Bicarbonate (HC03) 1.10 0.92 1.40 1.16 0.84 1.24 Sulfate (804) 0.99 0.51 1.37 0.97 0.57 1.24 Chloride (Cl) 0.29 0.24 0.39 0.34 0.17 0.38 Nitrate (N03) 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.08 Phosphate (P04) 0.02 0.02 trace 0.00 0.00 0.01 Total 2.46 1.74 3.20 2.53 1.63 2.95 Trace Metal Anal sis m /1 Iron (Fe), total 5.51 4.15 2. 41 2.08 2'.37 3. 47 Iron (fe), dissolved 0. 02 0.18 0. 02 1.04 0.50 2.13 Aluminum (Al), total 2. 49 1.03 0. 55 0.50 0.72 0.57 Aluminum (Al), dissolved 0.08 0.01 0. 00 0.12 0.14 0.16 Manganese (Mn), total 0. 52 0.25 0. 52 0.40 0.17 0.49 Manganese (Mn), dissolved 0. 02 0.00 0. 33 0. 20, 0.01 0.16 Copper (Cu), total 0. 01 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.01 0.01 Copper (Cu), dissolved 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 trace Zinc (Zn), total 0. 03 0. 03 0. 02 0. 02 0.02 0.02 Zinc (Zn), dissolved 0. 01 0. 01 0. 00 0.01 0.00 0.01 Metals in solution notrun due to Laboratory error. Sample disposed of before analysis was completed.

Table A-11. Minimum, maximum, and mean values of physicochemical parameters determined at 5 major acid mine drainages in the study area (Fig. A-l), 1976. Data were provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

Temperature Dissolved pH pH Alkalinity Acidity Sulfate Total (C) Oxygen (field) (lab) (mg/l) pH 8 (mg/l) Iron (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/l)

Old Forge Borehole No. Samples 7 3 6 7 7 7 7 7 Minimum 8.0 3.0 5.6 3.1 2 0 560 21.5 Maximum 18.0 3.7 6.8 5.9 80 120 950 61.0 Mean 15.4 3.3 6.0 5.0 44 59 664 41.9 Duryea Outfall No. Samples 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 Minimum 8.0 1.0 5.5 5.9 16 0 420 25.0 Maximum 18.0 6.0 6.6 6.5 66 84 650 46.6 Mean 13.9 3.8 5.9 6.1 51 46 582 39.8 South Wilkes-Barre Outfall No. Samples 7 3 6 7 7 7 7 7 Minimum 8.0 6.4 5.4 3.9 0 0 480 39.8 Maximum 18.0 6.5 6.9 7.2 70 350 1640 189 Mean 15.4 6.5 5.8 5.8 47 181 1121 123 Buttonwood Tunnel No. Samples 7 3 6 7 7 7 7 7 Minimum 8.0 1.6 5.5 4.9 36 140 900 34. 5 Maximum 18.0 3.1 6.0 5.9 76 300 1740 205 Mean 15.9 2.3 5.8 5.6 54 191 1210 102 Nescopeck Creek No. Samples 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Minimum 0.0 9.1 4.8 4.5 6 0 6 0. 09 Maximum 26.0 12. 0 6.9 7.6 40 24 76 5.35 Mean 11.3 10.8 6.3 6.0 16 9 36 1.57

33 SAMPLING STATION ~

FALLS CITIES & TOWNS gg SEWAGE TREATMENT SUSQUEHANNA RIVER RAW OLD FORGE BOREHOLE PRIMARY ~R LACKAWANNA SECONDARY ~s RIVER ACID MINE DISCHARGE ~s 1.17 M /S a 9

DATA UNKNOWN 0 ABRAHAMS CR.

k DURYEA OUTFALL c1 BUTLER TUNNEL TOBY CR.

MILL CR.

HARVEYS CR.

QR HUNLOCK CR. L.. 'OLOMON g-,4P WILKES-BARRE CR.

SOUTH WILKES-BARRE OUTFALL BUTTONWOOD TUNNEL SHICKSHINNY CR. NANTICOKE CR.

1 NFWPORT CR ASKAM OUTFALL

~R MOCANAQUA OUTFALL NORTH

$ U$ QUEHANNA $ E$ "'ITTLE WAPWAL"OPEN CR SSE BELL BEND PA.

BER INICK WAPWALLOPEN CR HARRISBURG

[pP lgEKCCPECK CR.

ER5ik5iil 5 KILOMETERS Fig. A-1. Map of sampling locations and sewage and acid mine effluents in the study area, 1976.

SS ES TRANSECT

$ 6X/EHANNASTEAM EL'ECTRIC STATION LITTLE BOAT RAMP WAPWALLOPEN CREEK ICHTHYOLOGICAL ASSOCIATES 0 SSESo LABORATORY USES A QI Qo NORTH o SAMPLING STATION (D POWER PLANT INTAKE POWER Pt.ANT DISCHARGE

~ EEL WALL

~ SELL SERO I llE TERS WAPWALLOPEN WAPWALLOPEN CREEK Fig. A-2. Sampling stations for physicochemical analyses (Ichthyological Associates Laboratory, SSES-A, and Boat Ramp), benthic macro-invertebrates (SSES Transect and Bell Bend I), macroinvertebrate drift (SSES), and larval fishes (SSES-A) on the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES site, 1976,

11,

~ 1 0 SPECSC CNOUCTAKE 0 A 1 4 ~ 0 4 ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 4 A A 1 0 ~ ~ 4 ~ 1 4 A 1 0 A 1 4 1973 1974 1975 1976 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 Fig. A-3. Trends in monthly means of total iron, specific conductance, sulfate, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and pH in the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES site from 1972 through 1976.

36 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES Villiam G. Deutsch TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 39 INTRODUCTION.................. ~ ...................................... 39 P RO CE DURE S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 39 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.......................'.............. 41 Organism Density and Percent Composition................ 41 C ommunity Indices....................................... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 43 B iomass........... 44 REFERENCES CITED...................................................,..

LIST OF TABLES Table B-l. Description and location of benthic macroinvertebrate sampling stations on the Susquehanna River, 1976........ 46 Table B-2. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Sus-quehanna River, 28 April 1976........................... 47 Table B-3. Number... 28 June.1976............................... 48 Table B-4. Number . . . 6 October 1976........;.................... 49

37 Page Table B-5. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susque-hanna R'iver, 27 April 1976.... .. ...................... 50 Table B-6. Number . . . 29 June 1976............................... 51 Table B-7. Number... 7 October 1976............................. 52 Table B-8. Numb'er and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates colleo'ted with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 26 April 1976........................'3 Table B-9. Number . . . 30 June 1976............................... 54 Table B-10. Number . . . 5 October 1976............................. 55 Table B-ll. Density and percent total of major macroinvertebrate groups collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976...... .. . . . .... 56 Table B-12. Number of taxa, diversity, and equitability of macro-invertebrates at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on the Susauehanna River, 1976......... ... . . .... 57 Table B-13. Macroinvertebrates collected in the study area of the Susquehanna River, 1971-76... .. . . . .. .. 58 Table B-14. Density and percent composition of Chironomidae collected with a dome sampler at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976............. 61 Table B-15. Percent similarity between macroinvertebrate samples collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I in April, June, and October on the Susquehanna River, 1 976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 62 Table B-16. Coefficient of community between macroinvertebrate samples collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I in April, June, and October on the Susquehanna River, 62 1 976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Table B-17. Percent similarity between April and.June, April and October, and June and October macroinvertebrate samples collected at SSES. I, SSES II, and Be3,1 Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976............. ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 62 Table B-18. Coefficient of community between April and June, April and October, and June and October macroinvertebrate samples collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976.. .. .. .. ............. 62

38 Page Table B-19. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 28 April 1 976. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 63 Table B-20. Number . . . 28 June 1976. 63 Table B-21. Number... 6 October 1976...................... I 63 Table B-22. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 27 April 1 976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 64 Table B-23. Number . . . 29 June 1976............................... 64 Table B-24. Number... 7 October 1976............................. 64 Table B-25. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 26 A pli 1 1976e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 65 Table B-26. Number . . . 30 June 1976. ~ ...,. ....................... 65 Table B-27. Number . . . 5 October 1976.;.......... 65 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. B-l. Percent composition of major macroinvertebrate groups collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976................................. 66 Fig. B-2. Percent composition of Chironomidae collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 1976... 67 Fig. B-3. Percent composition of Chironomidae collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 1976.. 68 Fig. B-4. Percent composition of Chironomidae collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1 976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 69

39 ABSTRACT The benthic macroinvertebrate community that inhabits the Susquehanna River was sampled in April, June, and Oc'tober 1976 at three sites. Two sites were located on a transect above the proposed Susquehanna SES intake structure and one site was located below the proposed discharge structure.

Greatest macroinvertebrate densities occurred in October, and ranged from 12,248 organisms/m 2

at SSES II to 26,061/m 2

at SSES I. These densities were from 19 to 40 fold higher than in October 1975, and indicated a rapid recovery from the harmful effects of Hurricane Eloise (September 1975).

Oligochaetes (Nais sp. and Limnodrilus sp.), hydropsychid caddisflies total number of organisms at all sites.

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to monitor seasonal changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate community that inhabits the Susquehanna River near the Susquehann'a SES. As in 1975, special attention was given to the taxonomy and life history of the most common organisms,'articularly the chironomids.

PROCEDURES h

Three replicate dome suction sahples (Gale and Thompson 1975) were collected at SSES I,,SSES II,. and Bell Bend I on 26-28 April, 28-30 June, and 5-7 October (Table B-1; Fig. A-2).

40 The dome sampler was lowered from a boat to the River bottom. A scuba diver moved the sampler upriver or laterally (to an undisturbed site) and placed it in an area where an adequate seal between the sampler band and the substrate could be established. 2 The area (0.163 m ) enclosed by the dome was vacuumed for 5 minutes with a hose leading to a bilge pump, mounted on the sampler. Sand, gravel, and organisms were pumped into a No. 76 mesh (216 p) nylon net; larger stones were carefully vacuumed and discarded.

This procedure was repeated until all samples were collected at a site (Ichthyological Associates 1973) . The net was returned to. the boat by the diver.

One of the three replicate samples was used for biomass estimates.

It was washed, sieved (U.S. Standard No. 60 sieve), and sorted while organisms were alive (Deutsch 1976a). -

Damp weights were taken after freshly sorted organisms were. centrifuged on screens (3,200 rpm for 15 s),

and dry weights were made after organisms were dehydrated at 100 C for at least 12 h.

The other two replicates were sieved, washed, and preserved in 10X buffered formalin. After a sample was sorted, 1/4 of the residue was randomly selected in an acrylic subsampler (Ichthyological Associates 1973).

Each subsample was examined with a stereo microscope (8X), and macroinver-tebrates removed. The number of subsampled organisms was multiplied by 4, and added to the number of organisms picked when the sample was initially sorted, to obtain the total number of organisms per sample.

Density per square meter was determined by multiplying the number of organisms per sample by 6 135

~ 'rganisms were identified with the

41 keys of Ross (1944), Burks (1953), Pennak (1953), Parrish (1968), Hilsenhoff (1970), Mason (1973), and Beck (1976) .

Statistical- analyses of macroinvertebrate data included determinations of diversity (Wilhm and Dorris 1968), equitability (Lloyd and Ghelardi 1964),

percent similarity, and coefficient of community (Whittaker and Fairbanks 1958). To calculate diversity and coefficient of community, numbers of immature or damaged insects which could not be identified to genus were omitted. Numbers of organisms at all taxonomic levels were included in percent similarity determinations. All data were stored on and processed with a Hewlett, Packard 9830 computer.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, Organism Density and Percent Composition 2

Densities of macroinvertebrates ranged from 3,126 to 26,061 organisms/m (x = 13,528 org/m ) at SSES I, from 4,549 to "12,248 org/m (x = 9,132 org/m )

'at SSES II, and from 9,497 to 22,089 org/m 2 (x = 14,372 2 org/m ) at Bell Bend I (Tables B-2 through B-10). Greatest densities at all sites were found in October, but they were probably higher in mid- and late summer when samples were not collected. During 1973 and 1974, when sampling was conducted more frequently, maximum densities of macroinvertebrates at SSES were found in September (Ichthyological Associates 1974, Deutsch 1976b) .

The macroinvertebrate fauna near the Susquehanna SES is clearly capable of rapid recovery from natural catastrophies. The River bottom was severely scoured as a result of Hurricane Eloise (25-28 September 1975), and macro-invertebrate densities in October 1975 were low at SSES I (x = 641 2 org/m )

42 and SSES II (x = 662 org/m ) (Deutsch 1976a). By April 1976, however, densities at the two sites averaged 6,862 org/m 2.; by October 1976 they were from 19 to 40 fold higher than they had been the previous'ctober.

As in previous years, oligochaetes (Nais sp. and Limnodrilus sp.).

the benthos near the Susquehanna SES (Table B-ll).'rganisms in these taxa composed fxpm 87% (Bell Bend I) to 93% (SSES II) of the 1976 total (Fig. B-1). The average number of taxa was somewhat higher at Bell Bend I (41) than at SSES I (35) or SSES II (33) (Table B-12) . Because samples were not collected in September 1976, the characteristic high numbers of chironomids found at this time in 1972 through 1974 were not included in percent composition calculations, and this group was probably underestimated in numerical importance.

An additional 43 macroinvertebrate taxa were added to the existing species list (Table B-13). Most of these organisms had been collected in previous years, but were more specifically identified in 1976. More than half of the additions were chironomids, and most identifications have already been verified by William M. Beck (Florida A 6 ..M University) .

Eleven new trichopteran identifications were verified by Jay W. Chapin (Clemson University) or Guenter Schuster (University of Tennessee).

As in previous years, Rheotan tarsus was the most common chironomid near the Susquehanna SES; it composed from 39% (Bell Bend I) to 59% (SSES I) of the chironomid population in 1976 (Table B-14). Greatest densities were found in October, and were about twice as high at SSES I 2 (5,046 org/m ) as

43 at SSES II (2,344 2 org/m ) or Bell Bend I (2,902 org/m 2

). In 1975, it was also collected in much greater densities at SSES I than at other sites (Deutsch 1976a).

10X (SSES I) to 18X (Bell Bend I) of the 1976 chironomid population. Den-sities of it ranged from 902 org/m 2. (SSES II) to 2,043/m 2 (Bell Bend I) in April, but it was absent at all sites in June samples. Similar fluctuations were observed in 1975 (Deutsch 1976a), and this indicated a large emergence 2

(80-368 org/m ) were found at all sites.

Seasonal changes in the chironomid community at all sampling sites are presented in Figs. B-2 through B-4.

Community Indices Statistical analyses did not reveal notable differences in macroinver-tebrate community structure between any sites. All sites were highly similar in October, as was indicated by percent similarities and coefficient of communities which were greater than 70X (Tables B-15 through B-18).

Diversities (d) varied from 2.76 to 3.09 at SSES I, from 1.78 to 2.96 at SSES II, and from 2.74 to 3.36- at Bell Bend I. Equitability of d ranged from 20 to 43X, except at SSES II in April, when large numbers of naidid worms (72X of all organisms) .resulted in a low diversity (1.78) and equita-bility (10X) (Table B-12).

44 Biomass Oligochaetes, hydropsychid caddisflies, and chironomids composed from 50 to 89/ of the total macroinvertebrate damp weight at all sites.

Damp weights ranged from 30.0 to 65.4 kg/ha (x = 49.5 kg/ha) at SSES I, from 11.6 to 70.4 kg/ha (x = 33.2 kg/ha) at SSES II, and from 20.1 to 116.2 kg/ha (x = 66.6 kg/ha) at Bell Bend I (Tables B-19 through B-27).

Greatest damp weights were found in October, and were mainly composed of hydropsychid caddisflies (from 60/ at Bell Bend I to 84/ at SSES I). Dry weights were from 19 to 26X of damp weights at all sites.

Total annual biomass was from 3 to 4 fold higher in 1976 than in 1975 at all sites. This increase in 1976 was largely due to recovery from the harmful effects of Hurricane Eloise, and to a lesser extent by sampling later in spring (April 1976 vs. March 1975) .

REFERENCES CITED Beck, W. M. 1976. Biology of the larval chironomids. State of Florida.

Dept. Env. Reg. Tech. Ser. Vol. 2, No. 1. 57 pp.

Burks, B. D. 1953. The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Bull.

Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 26. 216 pp.

Cummins, K. W. 1962. An evaluation of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters.

Am. Midi. Nat. 62: 477-504.

Deutsch, W. G. 1976a. Macroinvertebrates. Pages 123-161 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch, Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1975). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.

45 Deutsch, W. G. 1976b. Macroinvertebrates. Pages97-140 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December '1974). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.

Gale, W. F. and J. D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrates in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

104: 398-405, Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1970. Key to genera of Wisconsin Plecoptera (stonefly) nymphs, Ephemeroptera (mayfly) nymphs, Trichoptera (caddisfly) larvae.

Dept. Nat. Resour. Res. Rept. 67, Madison, Wis. 68 pp.

Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972). Pa. Power

,. and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 658 pp.

1974. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1973). Pa. Power and Light Co.,

Allentown, Pa. 838 pp.

Lloyd, M. and R. J. Ghelardi. 1964. A table for calculating the equita-bility component of species diversity. J. Anim. Ecol. 33: 217-225.

Mason, W. T. 1973. An introduction to the identification of chironomid larvae. Anal. equal. Cont. Lab., Nat. Envir. Res. Cent., E.P.A.,

Cincinnati, Ohio. 90 pp.

Parrish, F. K. (ed.). 1968. Keys to water quality indicative organisms (Southeastern United States). F.W.P.C.A., U.S. Dept. Interior. 192 pp.

Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States.

The Ronald Press Co., New York. 769 pp.

Ross, H. H. 1944. The caddis flies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Bull.

Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 23. 326 pp.

Whittakex, R. H . and C. W. Fairbanks. 1958. A study of plankton copepod communities in the Columbia Basin, southeastern Washington. Ecology 39: 46-65.

Wilhm, J. L. and T. C. Dorris. 1968. Biological parameters for water quality criteria. Bioscience. 18: 477-481.

Table B-1. Description and location of benthic macroinvertebrate sampling stations on the Susquehanna River, 1976 (see Pig. A-2).

S tation ,Depth Substrate Type b Location (m)

SSES Transect The Transect follows a line E2 S from[the westbank, 354 m upriver from the dock at Ichthyological Associa tes Labora tory.

SSES I 0.6 gravel-pebble Along Transect 32 m from the west bank.

SSES II 1.0 pebble-cobble Along Transect 103 rd from the west bank.

Bell Bend I 1.3 gravel-pebble 35 m from west bank, 1,480 m with boulders downriver from the dock at Ichthyological Associates Laboratory.

Station depths when River surface elevation is 148.6 m above msl at Ichthyological Associates Laboratory.

b Based on predominant particle size (Cummins 1962) .

47 Table B-2. Number and percent total of benthic macroinyertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna'River, 28 April 1976.

REPLICATE 1 2 AREA SAMPLED(M2) 0. 163 0.163 TAXA NO. N01 MEAN  % TOTAL N Eh1ATODA 44 3 23 ~ 5 4.6 NAIDIDAE 94 38 . 66.0 13. 0 TUBIFICIDAE 112 48 80.0 15 '

GAMMARUS 1 0 0.5 0.1 PERLIDAE 0 1 0.5 0.1 POTAh1ANTHUS 1 1 1.0 0.2 EPHEMERELLA 0 2 1.0 0.2 EPHEMERELLA INVARIA 2 3 2.5 0.5 EPHEMERELLA.WALKERI 2 1 1.5 0.3 BAETIDAE 1 0 0.5 0.1 STENONEMA 13 8 10.5 2.1 STENONEMA ITHACA 0 4 ~

2.0 0.4 CHEUMATOPSYCHE 3 3 3. 0. 0.6 STENELMIS 14 18 16.0 3.1 ANTOCHA SAXICOLA 1 0 0.5 0.1 SIMULIIDAE 1 2 1.5 0.3 EMPIDIDAE 9 2 5.5 1.1 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 46 39 42.5 8.3 ABLABESMYIA hlALLOCHI 3 1 2.0 0.4 AB LABES MY I A 0RN ATA 2 1 1.5 0.3 CONCHAPELOPIA GRP 9 6 7.5 1.5 TANYPODINAE SPSl 5 0 2.5 0.5 GLYPTOTENDIPES 6 0 3.0 0.6 POLYPEDILUM 20 9 14.5 2.8 RHEOTANYTARSUS 44 43 43.5 8' TANYTARSUS 12 6 9.0 1.8 CRICOTOPUS 196 132 164.0 32.2 PSECTROCLADIUS 3 3 3.0 0.6 I

TH I EN EM AN N ELLA 0 1 0.5 0 '

TOTAL ORGANISMS 644 375 510 I

ORGAN Sh1S/h'l2 3951 2301 3126 TOTAL TAXA 24 23 24.5

48 Table B-3. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 28 June 1976.

REPLICATE 1 2 AREA SAtlP LED (t12) 0.163 0. 163 TAXA NG. NO.  % TOTAL HYDRA 2 1 0.1 TURBELLARIA 8 1 4.5 0.2 N EhlATODA 6 5 5.5 0.3 NAIDIDAE 698 113 405.5 21. 8 TUBIFICIDAE 107 41 74.0 4.0 GAHHARUS 2 1 1.5 0.1 TAENIOPTERYX 1 0 0.5 0.0 LEUCTRA 0 1 0.5 0.0 ACRONEURIA 0 1 0.5 0.0 NEOPERLA 3 1 2.0 0.1 NEOPHASGANOPHORA 1 0 0.5 0.0 PERLESTA 0 1 0.5 0.0 EPHORON 0 1 0.5 0.0 PGTAHANTHUS 1 2 1.5 0.1 CAENIS 317 207 262.0 14. 1 EPHEtlERELLA DEFICIENS 0 1 0.5 0.0 ISONYCHIA 20 21 20.5 1.1 ST ENGNEhlA 78 24 51.0 2.7 STENONEtlA 5 PI 1 0 3 1.5 0.1 ST ENON EHA S PI 2 0 1 0.5 0.0 SIALIS 3 4 3.5 0.2 CHAULIODES 0 1 0.5 0.0 POLYCENTROPUS 1 0 0.5 0.0 CHEUMATOPSYCHE 625 445 535.0 28.8 HYDROPSYCHE PHALERATA 81 70 75. 5 4.1 HYDROPTILIDAE 0 6 3.0 0.2 STENCLhlIS 19 13 16.0 0.9 S IhlU LI IDAE 1 2 1.5 0.1 SINU LI IDAE ( PUPAE)

I CH RONOMI DAE ( PUPAE )

ABLABEStlYIA tlALLOCHI CONCHAPE LOP IA GRP 110 0

24 0

39'.5 12 89 5

1 2.5 18.0 0.5 99.5 0.1 1.0 0.0 5.4 CHIRONOMUS 0 1 0.5 0.0 CRYPTOCHIRONOhlUS 8 2 5.0 0.3 ENDOCHIRONOHUS GRP 1 0 0.5 0.0 GLYPTOTENDIPES 0 3 1.5 0.1 hlICROTENDIPES 8 2 5.0 0.3 POLYPEDILUtl 47 33 40.0 2.2 RHEOTANYTARSUS ST ENOCH I RON Ghl US 276 0

133 1

204.5 0.5 ll.

0.0 0

TANYTARSUS 0 1 0.5 0.0 ZAVRELIA 0 1 0.5 0.0 PSEUDODIAtIESA 0 1 0.5 O.C EUKI EFFERI ELLA 1 11 6.0 0.3 SPHAERI UH 0 3 1.5 0.1 TOTAL ORGAN IStlS 2449 1266 1858 ORGAN I ShlS /h12 150 25 7767 11396 TOTAL TAXA 26 33.5

49 Table B-4. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 6 October 1976.

REPLICATE 1 2 AREA SAMPLED(M2) 0.163 0 ~ 163 TAXA NO. NO. MEAN  % TOTAL TUBBELLARIA 17 25 21.0 0.5 N EHATODA 30 23 26.5 0.6 NAIDIDAE 598 645 621.5 14.6 TUEIFICIDAE 69 18 43. 5 1.0 PEBLIDAE 7 25 16.0 0.4 POTAMANTHUS 4 2 3 ' 0.1 ISONYCHIA 3 18 10.5 0.2 STENONEHA 89 109 99.0 2.3

'COENAGRIONIDAE 1 2 1.5 0.0 NEURECLIPSIS 4 6 5.0 0.1 HYDROPSYCHIDAE (PUPAE) 1 0 0.5 0.0 CHEUMATOPSYCHE 1796 1598 1697.0 39.9 HYDBOPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 6 6 6.0 0.1 HYDBOPSYCliE PHALERATA 129 251 190. 0 4.5 HYDROPTILIDAE 20 12 16.0 0.4 OECETIS 1 10 5.5 0.1 OECETIS CINERACENS 0 12 6.0 0.1 ELhlIDAE (ADULTS) 0 1 0.5 0.0 DUBIRAPHIA 0 1 0.5 0.0 STENELhlIS 10 5 7.5 0.2 SIHULIIDAE 7 5 6.0 0.1 E11P IDIDAE 296 319 307.5 7.2 CEBATOPOGONIDAE 0 1 0.5 0.0 CHIRONOhlIDAE 7 17 '12. 0 0.3 CliIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 14 30 22.0 0.5 I

CCN CHAP E LOP A G BP 33 25 29.0 0.7 CRY P TOC HI BONOhl US 0 8 4.0 0.1 GLYPTOTENDI PES 7 8 7.5 0.2 POLYPEDILUhl 18 8 13 ' 0.3 RHEOTANYTARSUS 703 942 822.5 19.4 TANYTARSUS 0 2.0 0.0 CRICOTOPUS 26 0 13.0 0.3 EU KI EF PERI ELLA

'6 43 34.5 0.8 PSECTBOCLADIUS 69 275 172.0 .4.0 1 4.5 0.1 PISIDIUH SPHAERI UM 4

'8.8 24 21.0 0.5 TOTAL ORGANISMS 4021 4475 4248 ORGAN I SHS /M2 24669 27454 26061 TOTAL TAXA 28 31 31.0

50 Table B-5. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 27 April

'1976.

REPLICATE 1 2 AREA SAHP LED (h12) 0.163 0.163 TAXA NO. NO ~ NEAN 0 TOTAL TURBELLARIA 0 1 0.5 0.0 N Eh1ATODA 4 10 7.0 0.4 NAIDIDAE ~

241 2230 1235.5 71.5 TUBIPICIDAE 27 112 69.5 4.0 ISO'IOhlURUS PALUSTRI S 0 1 0.5 0.0 TAENIOPTERYX 2 0 1.0 0.1 PERLIDAE 0, 8 4.0 0.2 POTANANTHUS 6 5 5.5 0.3, CAENIS 2 0 1.0 0.1 EPHEHERELLA 4 4.0 0.2 EPHEHERELLA INVARIA 1 1 1.0 0.1 EPHEHERELLA WALKERI 1 1 1.0 0.1 ISONYCHIA 1 0 0.5 0.0 STENONEhlA 14 43 28.5 1.6 CHIllARRA OBSCURA 0 2 1.0 0.1 HYDROPSYCHIDAE (PUPAE)'H 0 2 1.0 0.1 EUlhATOPSYCHE 7 8 7.5 0.4 HYDROPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 1 0 0.5 0.0 HYDROPS YCHE PHALERATA 2 3 2.5 0.1 OECETIS 0 4 2.0 0.1 ST EN ELhl IS 9 5 7.0 0.4 SINU LI IDAE 0 5 2.5 O. 1 ENP ID IDAE 11 16 13.5 0 '

I CH RONOhlIDAE 0 11 5.5 0.3 CHIRONONIDAE (PUPAE) 32 32 32.0 1.9 ABLABESNYIA hlALLOCHI 1 3 2.0 0.1 ABLABESHYIA ORNATA 1 0 0.5 0.0 ABLABEShlYIA RHAhlPHE 0 1 0.5 0.0 CONCHAPELOPIA GRP 17 28 22.5 1.3 TANYPODINAE SPN 1 0 3 1.5 0.1 CHIRONOHINAE 1 1 1.0 0.1 ENDOCHI RONO11US GRP 0 1 0.5 0.0 POI YPEDILUhl 20 19 19.5 1.1 RHEOTAN YTARSUS 31 60 45 ~ 5 2.6 TANYTARSUS 15 40 27. 5 1.6 ZAVRELIA 0 8 4.0 0.2 CRICOTOPUS 143 151 147 ~ 0 8.5 EUKIEFPERI ELLA 6 0 3.0 0.2 EUKIEFFERI ELLA COERULESCENS GRP 5 PI 1 1 0 0.5 0.0 PSECTROCLADIUS 13 18 15.5 0.9 RHEOCRICOTOPUS SPC 1 0 1 0.5 0.0 THIENEhlANNIELLA 1 1 1.0 0.1 PISIDIUhl 0 1 0.5 0.0 TOTAL ORGANISNS 615 2840 1728 I

ORGAN ShlS /h12 3773 17423 10598 TOTAL TAXA 28 33 32.0

Table B-6. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 29 June 1976.

RE PLI CAT E 1 2 AREA SAMPLED(M2) 0.163 0 ~ 163 TAXA NO. NO. MEAN 4 TOTAL TURBELLARIA 9 '2 5.5 0.7 NEMATODA 3 17 10.0 l.'3 NAIDIDAE 179 53 116.0 15.6 TUBIFICIDAE 35 5 20.0 2.7 NEOPERLA 1 0 0.5 0.1 CAEN IS 47 45 46.0 6.2 EPHEMERELLA DEFICIENS 1 0 0.5 0.1 ISONYCHI A 2 1 1.5 0.2 HEPTAGENIA 2 0 1.0 0.1 RHITHROGENA 3 1 2.0 0.3 ST ENON EMA 17 13 15.0 2.0 STENONEMA SPS 1 1 1 1.0 0.1 STENONEMA SPS 3 2 0 1.0 0.1 SIALIS 1 0 0.5 0.1 CHEUMATOPSYCHE 466 194 330.0 44.5 HYDROPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 1 1 1.0 0.1 HYDROPSYCHE PAALERATA 48 16 32.0 4.3 32 33. 5 4.5 HYDROPTILIDAE STENELMIS CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 35 6

7 ll9 8.5 8.0 1.1 1.1 ABLABESMYIA MALLOCHI 1 0 0.5 0.1 CONCHAPELOPIA GRP 33 40 36.5 4.9 CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS 0 2 1.0 0.1 GLYPTOTENDIPES 1 3 2.0 0.3 MICROTENDIPES 3 2 2.5 0.3 POLYPEDILUM 13 14 13.5 1.8 RHEOTANYTARSUS 34 52 43.0 5.8 CORYNONEURA 1 0 0.5 0.1 EU KI EFFERI ELLA 12 5 8.5 1.1 TOTAL ORGANISMS 964 519 742

'RGANISMS/M2 5914 3184 4549 TOTAL TAXA 27 21 25.0

52 Table B-7. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 7 October 1976.

REPLICATE 1 2 AREA SAMP LED (M2) 0.163 0.163 TAXA NO. NO ~ MEAN  % TOTAL TURBELLARIA 6 0 3.0 0.2 N EMATODA 41 57 49 ' 2.5 NAIDIDAE 218 104 161.0 8.1 TUBIFICIDAE 29 55 42.0 2.1 PERLIDAE 9 2 5.5 0.3

.POTAMANTHUS 5 1 3.0 0.2 EPHEHERELLA 1 2 1.5 0.1 ISONYCHIA 3 3 3.0 0.2 STENONEMA 65 35 50. 0 2. 5 COENAGRIONIDAE 1 3.0 0.2 NEURECLIPSIS CH EU M ATOP SYCHE 965 5

ll 660 7.5 812.5 0.4 40.7 HYDROPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 1 1 1.0 0. l.

HYDROPSYCHE PHALERATA 85 42 63.5 3.2 MACRONEMA ZABRATA.- 1 1 1.0 0.1 HYDROPTILIDAE 0 2.0 0.1 CERACLEA TARSIPUNCTATA 0 1 0.5 0.0 OECETIS 21 21 21.0 1.1 OECETIS CINERACENS 43 32 37.5 1.9 ELMIDAE (ADULTS) 0 1 0.5 0.0 STENEik1IS 2- 0 1.0 0.1 SIMULIIDAE 0.5 0.0 EMPIDIDAE CHIRONOMIDAE 83 0

0 ll 1

47.0 2.0 2.4 0.1 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 32 6 19.0 1.0 CONCHAPELOPIA GRP 29 13 21.0 1.1 GLYPTOTENDIPES 8 6.0 0.3 POBYPEDI LUN 12 8 10.0 0'. 5 RHEOTANYTARSUS 492 272 382. 0 19. 1 CRICOTOPUS 49 24 36.5 1.8 EUKI EFFERI ELLA 32 8 20. 0 1.0 PS ECTROCLADI US 151 178 164.5 8.2 PISIDIUN 0 3 1.5 0.1 SPHAERI UH 10 25 17.5 0.9 TOTAI ORGAN I SMS 2402 1591 1997 ORGAN I SMS /N2 14736 9761 12248 TOTAL TAXA 28 29 29.5

Table B-8. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 26 April 1976.

REPLICATE 1 2 AREA SAMPLED(M2) 0.163 0.163 TAXA NO. NO. hlEAN 'K TOTAL N 6 5 5.5 0.3 EMATODA'RNATELLA GRACILIS 1 0 0.5 0.0 NAIDIDAE 1011 763 887.0 47.2 TUBIFICIDAE 64 56 60.'0 '3.2 ISOTOtlURUS PALUSTRIS 1 1 1.0 O. 1 PERLIDAE 0 1 0.5 0.0 POTA11ANTHU S 4 9 6.5 0.3 EPHEMERELLA 5 2 3.5 0.2 EPHEtlEBELLA COXALIS 0 1 0.5 0.0 EPHEMERELLA INVARIA 1 1 1.0 0.1 BAETIDAE 0 6 3.0 0.2 PSEUDOCLOEON 0 1 0.5 , 0.0 ISONYCliIA 0 1 0.5 0.0 EPEORUS 1 0 0.5 0.0 ST ENON Et lA 103 70 86.5 4.6 STENONEtlA FUSCUM 0 1 0.5 0.0 ST ENON EtlA INTERPUNCTATUI! GRP 0 1 0.5 0.0 STENONEMA ITHACA 0 7 3.5 0.2 COENAGRIONIDAE 1 0 0.5 0.0 TRICHOPTERA (PUPAE) 0 2 1.0 0.1 CBIMARRA OBSCURA 0 1 0.5 0.0 PCLYCENTBOPUS 0 2 1.0

12. 5 Kl 0.7 CB EU tlATOP SYCHE G 19 HYDROPS YCHE PHALE RATA 0 2 1.0 0.1 OECETIS CINEBACENS 0 2.0 0.1 STENELMIS 19 21 20.0 1.1 ANTOCHA SAXICOLA 0 1 0.5 0.0 EMP ID ID A E 12 22 17.0 0.9 EhlP IDIDAE (PUPAE) 1 1 1.0 0.1 I

CH BONChtl DAE 0 28 14.0 0.7 CHI RONOMIDAE ( PUPAE) 41 47 44.0 2.3 ABLABESMYIA MALLCCHI 1 2.5 0.1 CONCHAPELOPIA GRP 50 94 72.0 3.8

,TANYPODINAE SPI1 3 0 1.5 0.1 CHIBONOhlINAE 10 0 5.0 0.3 CRYPTGCHIRONOtiUS 0 9 4.5 0.2 ENDOCHI RON GM US G BP 8 5 6.5 0.'

POLYPEDILUhi 57 53 55.0 2.9 BHEOTANYTARSUS 71 112 91.5 4.9 TANYTARSUS 59 37 48.0 2.6 ZAVRELIA 12 1 6.5 0.3 CORYNON EURA 0 1 0.5 0.0 CRICOTOPUS 379 287 333.0 17.7 EUKIEFFERIELLA 1 19 10.0 0.5 HETEBOTBI S SOC LADI US 1 0 0.5 0.0 PS ECTROC LAD US I 50 74 62.0 ~

3~3 RHEOCBICOTOPUS SPI 1 G 0 3.0 0.-2 SYNORTHOCLADIUS 0 1 0.5 0.0 PISIDIUM 1 0 0.5 0.0 TOTAL ORGANISMS 1989 1770 1880 I

ORGAN ShlS /M2 12202 10859 11531 TOTAL TAXA 29 37 34.5

Table B-9. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Hell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 30 June 1976.

REPLICATE 1 2 AREA SAMPLED(M2) 0. 163 0.163 TAXA NO. NO. hlEAN  % TOTAL HYDRA 5 5 5.0 0.3 TURBELLARIA 23 23 23.0 1.5 N EMATODA 6 2 4.0 0.3 URNATELLA GRACI LIS 0 2.0 0.1 NAIDIDAE TUBIFICIDAE 279 107 80 55 179.5 81.0 ll.

5.2 6

GAMMARUS 1 1 1.0 O.l ACRONEURIA 0 1 0.5 0.0 NEOPERLA 0 1 0 ' 0.0 POTAhlANTHUS 0 1 0.5 0.0 CAENIS 312 164 238.0 15 '

EPHEhlERELLA DEFICIENS 1 0 0.5 0. 0.

ISONYCHIA 23 3 13.0 0.8 STENONEhlA 103 75 89.0 5.7 STENONEhlA SPI 2 5 1 3.0 0.2 SIALIS 8 7 7.5 0.5 HYDROPSYCHIDAE (PUPAE) 3 0 1.5 0.1 CHEUhlATOPSYCHE HYDROPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 448 168 308.0 19 '

1 0 0.5 0.0 HYDROPSYCHE PHALERATA 30 6 18.0 1.2 H YDROPT I LIDAE 11 1 6.0 0.4 CERACLEA 0 1 0.5 0.0 CERACLEA TARSI PUNCTATA 1 1 1.-0 0.1 OECETIS 1 4 2.5 0.2 OECETIS CINERACENS 1 0 0.5 0.0 DUBIRAPHIA 1 0 0.5 0.0 ST EN ELhl I S 10 7.0 0.5 SIhlULIIDAE 3 3.5 0.2 EhlPIDIDAE 2 0 1.0 0.1 CHIRONGMIDAE (PUPAE) 88 39 63.5 4.1 ABLABES11YIA MALLCCHI 0 1 0.5 0.0 CONCHAPELOPIA GRP 120 70 95.0 6.1 CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS 9 4 6.5 0.4 GLYPTOTENDIPES 4 10 7.0 0.5 MICROTENDIPES 9 6 7.5 0.5 POLYPEDILUM 35 12 23.5 1.5 RHEOTANYTARSUS 408 212 310.0 20. 0 TANYTARSUS 15 7 11.0 0.7 ZAVRELIA 4 5 4.5 0.3 DIANESA 4 0 2.0 0 ~ 1 EU KI EF FEEI ELLA 16 1 8.5 0.5 PSECTROCLADIUS 12 8.0 0.5 SPHAERI UM b 3 1 2.0 0.1 TOTAL ORGAN ISMS 2112 984 1548 I

ORGAN SMS /h12 12957 6037 9497 TOTAL TAXA 35 35 36.5

Table B-10. Number and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 5 October 1976.

REPLICATE 1 2 AREA SAhlP LED (M2) 0.163 0. 163 TAXA NO. NO. hlEAN  % TOTAL 0.5 0.0 HYDRA TU RB E LLARIA N EhlATODA ll 63 1

20 17 0

15.5 40.0 0.4 1.1 NAIDIDAE 93 1022 557.5 -15. 5 TU BIF ICI DAE 19 118 68.'5 1.9 PERLIDAE 0 2 1.0 0.0 POTAhlANTHUS 4 0 2.0 0.1 CAENIS 8 1 4.5 0.1 ISONYCHIA 5 39 22. 0 0.6 STENONEhlA 327 276 301. 5 8.4 STENONEMA S PI 2 0 2 1.0 0.0 SIALIS 1 2 1.5 0.0 NEURECLIPSIS 26 43 34.5 1.0 CH EU MATOPS YC HE 1145 1382 1263. 5 35. 1 HYDROPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 0 2.0 0.1 HYDROPSYCHE PHALERATA 26. 131 78.5 2.2 MACRON E! 1A ZABRATA 0 1 0.5'.5 0.0 HYDROPTI LIDAE 0 3 0.0 OECETIS 20 20 20.0 0.6 OECETIS CINERACENS 46 47 46.5 1.3 ELMiIDAE (ADULTS) 0 1 0.5 0.0 STENELhlIS 4 1 2.5 0.1 SIhlULIIDAE 1 7 4.0 0.1 SIhlULIIDAE ( PUPAE) 0 4 2.0 O. 1 EhlP IDIDAE 72 254 163.0 4.5 CHI RONOMIDAE 2 6 4.0 0.1 CH IRONOMIDAE ( PUPAE) 8 58 33.0 0.9 CONCHAPELOPIA GRP 46 196 121. 0 3.4 CHIRONOMUS 2 0 1.0 '0. 0 CRYPTOCHIRONOhlUS 2 0 1.0 0.0 ENDOCHI RONOMUS GRP 0 6 3.0 0.1 GLYPTOTENDIPES 19 84 51.5 1.4 PARACHIRONOMUS PECTINATELLAE 0 12 6.0 0.2 POLYPEDILUM 12 26 19 ~ 0 0.5 RHEOTANYTARSVS 218 728 473. 0 13. 1 C RI C OTOPU S 33 87. 60.'0 1.7, I

EU K E Fh'E RI ELLA 2 12 7.0 0.2 PSECT ROCLADIUS 44 272 158.0 4.4 PISIDIUhl 9 1 5.0 0.1 SPHAERIUM 16 31 23.5 0.7 TOTAL ORGAN IShlS 2285 4916 3601 ORGAN IShlS/h12 14 018 30160 22089 TOTAL TAXA 29 33 32.0

56 Table B-ll. Density and percent total of major macroinvertebrate groups collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

APRIL JUNE OCTOBER NO./M2 NO./M2 NO ./M2 TOTAL/YEAR SSES I OLIGOCHAETA 896 28.7 2942 25.8 4080 15.7 19.5 EPHEMEROPTERA 117 3.7 2074 18.2 690 2.6 7.1 TRICHOPTERA 18 0 ~6 3767 33.1 11816 45.3 38.4 COLEOPTERA 98 3' 98 0.9 52 0.2 0.6 DIPTERA 1847 59.1 2374 20.8 8868 34.0 32 '

PELECYPODA 0 0' 9 0.1 156 0.6 0.4 MISCELLANEOUS 150 4.8 132 1.2 399 1.5 1.7 SSES II OLIGOCHAETA 8006, 75.5 834 18.3 1245 10.2 36.8 EPHEMEROPTERA 255 2.4 417 9. 2 353 2.9 3.7 TRICHOPTERA 89 0.8 2432 53.5 5807 47.4 30. 4 COI EOPTERA 43 0.4 52 1.1 9 0.1 0.4 DIPTERA 2123 20.0 712 15.6 4347 35. 5 26.2 PELECYPODA 3 0.0 0 0.0 117 l. 0 0.4 MISCELLANEOUS 80 0.8 101 2.2 371 3. 0 2.0 BELL BEND I OLIGOCHAETA 5810 50. 4 1598 16 .8 3840 17.4 26.1 EPHEMEROPTERA 656 5.7 2110 22.2 2031 9.2 11. 1 TRICHOPTERA 110 1~0 2077 21.9 8877 40.2 25. 7 COLEOPTERA 123 1.1 46 0.5 18 0.1 0.4 DIPTERA 4779 41. 5 3386 35.7 6788 30.7 34.7 PELECYPODA 3 0.0 12 0.1 175 0.8 0.4 MISCEI LANEOUS 49 0.4 267 2.8 359 1.6 1.6

57 Table B-12. Number of taxa, diversity, and equitability of macroinvertebrates at SSES I, SSES IX, and Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

APRI L JUNE OCTOBER TAXA DIV. EQU. TAXA DIV. EQU. TAXA DIV ~ EQU ~

SSES I REP 1 24 3.06 50 0 26 2.88 38. 5 28 2.62. 28 .6 REP 2 23 2.97 47.8 39 3. 14 30. 8 31 2. 82 32. 3 COY&INED 28 3.09 42.9 43 3 04 27.9 33 2.76 27.3 SSES II REP 1 28 ) 2.90 35.7 27 2. 67 33. 3 28 2. 92 39. 3 REP 2 33 1.44 9.1 21 3.11 57.1 29 2.94 37.9 CONBI NED 40 1.78 10.0 28 2.89 35.7 32 2. 96 34.4 BELL BEND I REP 1 29 2.51 27.6 35 3.31 40.0 29 2.74 31.0 REP 2 37 2.91 29.7 35 3.39 42.9 33 3.23'9.4 CO! 1BI NED 45 2.74 20.0 41 3.36 36 6 37 3. 18 35 1

~

Table B-13. Hacroinvertebrates collected in the study area of the Susquehanna River, 1971-76 (asterisk denotes 1976 additions) .

Porifera Arach noidea Spongillidae Hydracarina Spongilla lacustris Insec ta Coelenterate Co llembola Hydroida Smin thuri.dae

~Hdra sp. 'Sminthurides aquaticus Trachylina Isotomidae.

~Gras edna sta so erbff rIsotomurus palustris Platyhelminthes Pl ecoptera Turbellaria Pteronarcidae

~Dehfa ~tf rfna ~All rc s bil ba Nematoda ~pteron rc s sp.,

Bryozoa Nemouridae Lophopodidae ~dn hf e del sa

~fh *della ta 1 Nemoura sp.

Pectinatalla Plumatellidae

~nf f ice Taeniopterygidae Plumatella * ~min te x bur ki

~re ens Capniidae Endoprocta ~Alice ia sp.

Urnstella ~rncilis Perlidae Annelida Acroneuria abnormis Oligochaeta A. arida Lumbricidae A. 1~caries Aeolosomatidae A. ruralis Aeolosoma sp. N~eo orle ~cf ena Naididae Neo hns cno hors'c~a itata

~Chaste aeter ~fn 1 P~ara nett a di Naia ~behnfn 1 Perlesta sp. w N. ~eff fs Perlodidae N. Eardalfs pristine schmiederi Ep hemerop I~<<>~o>~>

tera

~~~~

P. sima Ephemeridae Tubicidae E~h er E tt late Hexagenia limbata Branchiura ~souerb 1 Potamanthidae Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Potamanthus verticus Peloscolex multisetosus Polymitarcidae Lumbriculidae E~hor* 1 k L brfcul a~erie atua'irudinea Canidae Caenis sp.

Rhynchobdellida Tricorythidae Glossiphoniidae Ephemerellidae

~Hlo ~~a ~a E~hnerell bi 1*

Plaid~a ~r E. coxalis

'Kit~ E'. deficiens Piscicolidae E. dorothea

~M** d 11 E. invaria Pharyngobdellida E, ne*dha 1 Erpobdellidae lln ME~ca E. se t trf* lfs

~Er bd a E.. verisimilis Arthropoda E. Malkeri Crustacea Leptophlebiidae Branchiura C~horote es sp.

Argulus sp. i~lento hl bfa sp.

Isopoda Parale to hlebia sp.

Asellus communis Baetidae Amphipoda Baetis sp.

Gammarus sp. 'allibaetis sp.

Decapoda

~ll alalln astaca Chancre tfl n sp.

Siphlonuridae Cambarus bartoni c ~face chin sp.

Orconectes limosus B~fhlon r s funk c* sfs

0. ~ro in nus

59 Table B-13 (cont.)

Insect a (cont.) Hydroptilidae Heptageniidae ~Azalea sp.

~Ee t !! Limnephilidae

~ii* t nfa ~ffdf e fs ~LI ne hilus sp.

ttifer*

~li* t an1 sp. p~cno s che H

~Ehfthr* e a sp. Leptoceridae Stenonema carolina Ceraclea maculsra

• S. fuscum S. inter unctatum Ceraclea sp.

S. ithaca ~Nacto s che sp ~ e Odonata Oecetis cineracens Gomphidae Oecetis sp.

~Do o h s ~sf!! s Trfaenofdes ~in sta Aeschnidae 'Lepidostomatidae

~Bo eris vf s ~Le idostom sp.

• Libellulidae Lepidoptera

~Dtd s tra v rs Pyralidae Macromia illinoinesis N~phula sp.

Somatochlora sp. P~ma ractis sp.

• Agrionidae Coleoptera A~rion sp. Haliplidae Coenagrionidae P~eltod tes sp.

A~ria sp. Gyrinidae Hem iptera L Dineutus sp.

• Gerridae Hydroph~i idee Gerris sp. Bere s~e*ri* s Metrobates sp.  !~tel* ho sp.

T~ra obates sp.  !~Id b1 sp.

Notonectidae T~itn o sp Notonecta sp. Psephenidae Nepidae Pse henus herricki Ranatra sp. Dryopi ae Belostomatidae Helichus sp.

Belostoma sp. Elmidae Megaloptera D~bfrs hfa vfttata Sialidae M~acron ch s~1abratus Sialis v~a ans Dittos*r us sp.

Corydalidae Promoresia tardella Chauliodes sp. Stenelmis bicarinata C~or dales cor t s Dip tera choptera Tipulidae Glossosomatidae Antocha saxicola

• A~act s sp. T~iula spp.

Glossosoma n~irior + Psychodidae Glossosoma sp. Chaoboridae P~roto tile sp. Chaoborus sp.

• Philopotamidae Bfnufff ae Chimarra obscura Simuliium vittatum Psychomyiidae Stratiomyiidae N~er clf sls sp. Rhagionidae PoIYVcentro ws sp. Atherix v~arfe ata P~s cho Ia fl vfd

• E pfdfdae

~Ps ch fa sp Hemerodromia sp.

Hydropsychidae Roederiodes sp.

• Chironomidae C. s~ectosa

• Tanypodinae Hydro s cha bettani A~blabasm fa aurfensfa

• II. Biffda Brp ~ A. allochf H. chaff ois* A. ornate H. morose s A. Hel ensfs H. phalerata A. r~ha ha Macronema carolina

• M. zabrata Procladius sp.

P~ota fa sp.

60 Table B-13 (cont.)

Chironomidae (cont.) Unionidae Chironominae Alasmidonta undulate Chironomus attenuatus

• A. varicosa C. stigmaterus

• Anodonta cataracta 2~112 tlo ~co lsnat s Cr tochironomus fulvus

• 2~la 1118 tlosa I~as 1 la s u 1 idle M~tcr sectra sp. e Parachironomus carinatus

• P. monochromus *

~pol edlluo conulc tun e P. halterale

• Stenochironomus sp. * "

T~a tarsus sp.

Tribelos fusicornis

• Zavrelia sp.

Diamesinae Diamesa sp.

Lobodiamesa sp.

• Pseudodiamesa sp.

• Orthocladiinae Cardiocladius obscurus a corooona ra cartes

~celeste s stol ct s

~tt1cetc os epp Eukiefferiella coerulescens grp. sp. 81*

E. coerulescsns Erp. sp. IC2e Eukiefferiella sp.

Heterotrissocladius sp.

Orthocladius sp.

Psectrocladius vernalis*

Psectrocladius sp. 81 Rheocricoto us sp.

S northocladius sp.

• Thienemanniella sp.

Ceratopogonidae Bezzia sp.

Molluscs Gastropoda Physidae

~Ph sa 1Lvrina Lymnaeidae Linea humilis Planorbidae G~ra 1 s par s Helisoma trivolvis Ancylidae Perrissia sp.

Pelecypoda Sphaeriidae Pisidium sp.

a~teart strlceulnun S. transversum

61 Table B-14. Density and percent composition of Chironomidae collected with a dome sampler at" SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I,'on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

APRIL JUNE 0CTOB ER NO./H2 NO./H2 NO ~ /H2 4 TOTAL/YEAR SEES I CONCHAPEI OPIA 46 2.6 610 26.0 178 2.6 7 ~ 5 POLYPEDILUH 89 4 ~9 245 10.4 80 1.1 3.7 RHEOTANYTARSUS 267 14.8 1255 53.4 5046 72. 7 59.2 TANYTARSUS 55 3 ' 3 0.1 12 0.2 0.6 CRICOTOPUS 1006 55.9 0 0.0 80 1.1 9.8 EUKIEPFERIELLA 0 0.0 37 1.6 212 3.0 2.2 PSECTROCLADIUS 18 1.0 0 - 0 0 1055 15.2 9.7 HISCELLANEOVS 319 17.7 199 8.5 279 4.0 7.2 SEES II CONCHAPELOPIA 138 6.8 224 31.5 129 3.2 .,7 ~ 2 POLYPEDILUhl 120 5.9 83 11.6 61 1.5 3.9 RHEOTANYTARSUS 279 13.8 264 37 ' 2344 57.8 42.5 TANYTARSUS 169 8.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 2.5 CRICOTOPUS 902 44.5 0 0.0 224 5. 5 16.6 EUKIEPFERIELLA 21 1.1 52 7 ~ 3 123 3. 0 2.9 PSECTROCLADIUS 95 4.7 0 0.0 1009 24. 9 16.3 MISCELLANEOUS 301 14.8 89 12.5 166 4.1 8.2 BELL BEND I CONCHAPELOPIA 442 9.5 583 17.4 742 12. 9 12.8 POLY P ED I LUH 337 7 .2 144 4.3 117 2.0 4.3 RHEOTANYTARSUS 561 12.0 1902 56 .6 2902 50.5 38.9 TANYTARSUS 294 6.3 67 2.0 0 0.0 2.6 CRICOTOPVS 2043 43.8 0. 0.0 368 6.4 17.5 EUKIEFPERIELLA 61 1.3 52 1.6 43 0.7 1.1 PSECTROCLADIUS 380 8.2 49 1.5 969 16.9 10.2 MISCELLANEOUS 546 11.7 561 16.7 610 10 ' 12.5

62 Table B-15. Percent similarity between macroinvertebrate samples collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend X in April, June, and October on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

APRI L OCTOBER SEES I VS. SEES II 39+6 75.8 85.7 SSES I VS. BELL BEND I 54 ~ 4 76.1 82.2 SSES II VS. BELL BEND I 73.6 60.4 79.0 Table B-16. Coefficient of community between macroinvertebrate samples collected at SSES I, SSES XI, and Bell Bend I in April, June, and October on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

APRIL OCTOB ER SEES I VS. SEES II 51.1 47.9 80.6 SEES I VS. BELL BEND I 43.1 58.5 70.7 SSES II VS. BELL BEND I 51. 8 50.0 72. 5 Table B-17. Percent similari.ty between April and June,"'April and October, and June and October macroinvertebrate samples collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

SEES I SEES II BELL BEND I APRI L VS. JUNE 34.4 27.9 36.6 APRI L VS. OCTOB ER 30. 3 22.5 39.3 JUNE VS'CTOBER 65.6 67.6 61.8 Table B-18. Coefficient of community between April and June, April- and October, and June and October macroinvertebrate samples collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on=the Susque-hanna River, 1976.

SEES I SSES II BELL BEND X APRIL VS. JUNE 26. 8 30.8 32 '

AP RI L VS ~ OCTOBER 38.6 46.9 34.4 JUNE VS. OCTOBER 35.7 36.4 56.0

63 Tablo 8-19. Number, daap weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvortebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 28 April 1976 ~

NQIHER OF I TOTAL DAMP MT \ TOI'AL (DAMP WT)

DRY MT (NC)

'I TOTAL (DR'Y MT)

TATA OICANISIS (NUMBERS) (NC)

NENATODA 1 0.2 <0 ' <0.1 Of ICOCHAETA 271 46 ~ 3 252.1 51 ~ 7 52.1 48,1 EPBENERELLIDAE 7 1~2 l1,2 9.7 16.1 14,9 HEPTACENI IDAE 5 0.9 13 ~ 7 2 ' 3.6 '3.3 I'YDROPSYCHIDAE 3 0.5 21.1 3 6.3 5.8 LLPTOCERIDAE 1 0.2 <0 ' <0 ~ I ELM IDAE I 0.2 <0 ~ I <0.1 SINUI I IDAE 1 0.2 <0 ~ 1 <0 I ~

ENPIDIDAE 5 0.9 9.5 1.9 2.8 2.6 EYPIDIDAE (PUPAE) 1 0.2 <0 ~ 1 <0.1 CH IRGNOYIDAE 251 l2.9 119.8 24. 5 22.3 20.6 CII'IRONOYIDAE (PUPAE) 38 6' 25 ' 5.1 5.2 4,8 TOTAL 585 489 ~ 0 108 ~ 4

%OPAL/N2 3589 2996.3 665 '

BIOYASS(KC/HA) 30 ' 6.7 Tablo 8-20. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvertebratos collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 28 June 1976.

NUIBER OF I TOYAL DAMP WT 1 TOI'AL DRY M'1 \ TOTAL

'TAXA ORGANISMS (NQHBERS) (NC) (DANP MT) (NC) (DRY NT)

HYDRA l 0.3 0.1

<0 ~ 1

<0 ~ I

<0 ~ 1

<0. 1

'TQRBELLARIA 2 NENAT(eh 3 0.2 <0. 1 <0.1 Of ICOCHAETA 219 15 ~ 6 95.3 11 ~ 0 18 ~ 7 11 '

PISCICOLIDAE 1 0.1 <0 ' <0 1 CANIIARUS 1 0.1 <0.1 <0 ~ 1 PERLIDAE 2 0.1 <0.1, <0.1 POYAIIANTHIDAE 5 0.4 7.2'9,0 0~8 1.4 0.9 CAENIDAE 86 6.1 5.1 10. 5 6.6

~ EPHENERELLIDAE 1 0.1 <0 ~ 1 <0 ~ I sfpuLDNURIDAE 23 1.6 55 ~ 6 6,4 10 ~ 4 6.5

'" - ITACENIIDAE 51 3.6 "43.0 5.0 7.5 l.7 3 IS 3 0.2 2,9 0.3 0.2 0.1 u)"ROPSYCHIDAE 620 0 508.7 58 ~ 9 91 ~ 7 57 '

LVi)ROPBILIDAE 1 0.1 <0 ~ 1 <0.1 E~IDAE 6 0.4 1.5 0.2 0 ~9 0' ANTOCHA SAXICOLA I 0.1 <0 1 <0 ~ I SINULI IDAE 3 0.2 <0. I <0 ~ 1 CEPATOPOCONIDAE 5 0 <0.1 <0 ~ I CB IRONONIDAE 351 2~ .9 95 ' 11 ~ 1 16 ~ 6 10 ~ 5 QIIRONONIDAE (PUPAE) 18 l. 3 4.6

<0 ~ I 0~5 0 ~9 I

0 ~6 SPHAERI IDAE 2 0.1 <0 ~

TOTAL 1408 863 ~ 5 158 8 TOTAL/N2 8638 5297.5 97l ~ 2 BIOMASS (XC/BA) 53.0 Table 8 21. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and porcont total of benthic macroinverterbatos collocted with a domo sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna Rivor, 6 October 1976.

NUIDER OP 4 TOTAL DANP MT 8 TOTAL DRY BT I 'TOTAL TAXA ORGAN ISYS (NUMBERS) )NC) (DAMP WT) (NC) (DRY MT)

TQRBELLARIA 7 0.6 6.0 0.6 1.5 0.1 NENATODA 4 0. ~ <0. I <0.1 OLICOCBAETA 12 6~ 5 29.1 2 ' 6.6 3.1 PERLIDAE 5 0.4 <0 ~ I <0.1 POTANANTHIDAE I 0.1 <0 ~ 1 <0 I ~

SIPHLONURIDAE 2 0.2 <0. 1 <0 ~ I HEPTACENIIDAE 30 2 ' 23 ~ 1 2' 4.8 2.3 PSYCHCNYI IDAE 6 0.5 10.7 I ~ 0 1.6 0.8 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 763 68.6 897.3 84.2 111 .0 83 ~ 6 LEPTOCERIDAE 7 0.6 0~8 0,1 0.5 0 ~2 ELNIDAE 1 0. I 2 ' 0.2 1.3 0.6 Efs(IDAE (ADULTS) I 0.1 0 ' 0.0 0 4 0 '

ENPIDIDAE 37 3.3 12.3 1.2 2.9 1.4 QI IRONOHIDAE 110 9.9 17 ~ 5 1.6 2.6 1.2 CHIRONONIDAE (PUPAE) 18 1.6 F 4 0~2 0.3 0.1 SPBAERIIDAE 48 4.3 '63. 5 6~0 12. I 5 ~7 TOTAL 1112 1066 ' 211.6 TOTAL/N2 6822 6539.9 1298.2 BIOMASS(KC/BA) 65 ~ 4 13 ~ 0

64 Table 8-22. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SEES ZZ on the Susquehanna River, 27 April 1976 ~

TAXA NVIBCR OP ORCAN ISNS I TOTAL DANP WT \ TOTAL DRY WT 1 TOTAL

( NUHBERS) (NC) (V)VIP WT) (HC) (DRY WT)

NEHATODA OLICOCHAETA 4 1.1 <0 ' <0 ~ I 55 14 ~ 6 7~2 2.5 2 ~0 2.7 CAPNIIDAE PFRLIDAE I 0 ' <0. 1 <0.1 1 0~ 3 46 4 16. 2 14.2 19 ~ 2 POTAWANTHIDAE EPHLNERCLLIDAC 1 0.3 I ~ 7 0.6 0.8 1.1 3 0.8 4.1 1.4 2.0 2 7 HEPTACENI IDAE 22 5~9 11 ~ 1 24. 9 18.6 HYDROPSYCH IDAE 25.2 6 1.6 39.2 13 ~ 7 10.8 14.6

"'EPTOCERI DAB BYDROPHILIDAE 5 I ~ 3 <0 ~ I <0 ~ 1 1 0~3 5.3 1.9 1.8 2.4 ELNIDAE 1 1.9 1.5 0,5 1.2 1.6 CNP ID ID AC 7 1.9 4 0 1.4 1.1 1.5 I I CH RONOI I DAB 230 61 ~ 2 93.1 32 ~ 6 11.9 24 F 2 CHIRONOBIDAC (PUPAE) 33 8.8 12,4 4.3 3.5 4.7 TOTAL TOTAL/N2 376 286 ' 73.9 2307 1754.6 453.4 BI CHASE (K~Cg ) 11. 5 4.5 Tablo $ -23. Numbers damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of. benthic macrpinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSEC ZZ on the Susquehanna River, 29 June, 1976.

TAXA NVIBER OP 1 TOTAI ,DAIIP WT I TOFAL DRY Il'I 1 TOTAL ORGAN I SNS (RUBBERS) (I'.C) (DAHP Ig) (MC) (DRY WT)

TURBELLARIA I 0~2 <0 ' <0.1 SENATODA 2 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 OLICOCBAETA 28 6.4 13. 4 1.1 2.7 6 ~6 I'ISC ICOLIDAC I 0' <0. I <0.1 POZAHANYWIDAE 1 0.2 3~3 1.7 0 ~9 2 ~2 CACNIDAC 16 3.1 5.7 3.0 1.4 SIPHLCNURIDAC HEPTACCNIIDAC 3 0,7 <0 I <0.1 HYDROPSYCH IDAC 15 3.4 13 ~ 8 1.3 2 ' 1~I 303 69,3 139.7 13 ~ 1 29.0 71.1 ELNIDAE CB I &ONONIDAE 10 2 ' 2.5 1.3 1.1 2.1 53 12. I 10. 6 5.$ 2.5 6.1 CHIRONONIDAC (PUPAE) 0' 0.6 0~ 3 0.3 0 '

TOTAL 431 189.6 40.8 TOTAL/II2 2681 1163 ~ 2 250 ~ 3 BIOHASS(KC/HA) 11.6 2.5 Tablo B-24. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome saspler at SSES IZ on the Susquehanna River, 7 October 1976.

H TAXA NUIBCR OF t TOTAL DAHP WT \ 'fOFAL DRY NT I TOTAL ORCANISNS (NVI'IEERS) (NC) (DAI)P WT) (NC) (DRY WT)

TURB CLLARIA NCNATODA j. 1 0.1 <0. I <0.1 17 1 ~ 8 2~3 0.2 0.9 0.4 OLICOCBACTA 19 2.0 6.9 1.6 0.7 CAFV(ARCS I 0.1 0.5 0)6 PERLIDAE 0.3 0.2 0~ I 3 <0.1 <0 I POTANANTIIIDAC 2 0.2 <0 ' <0.1 EPNCIIERELLIDAE I 0.1 1.4 0( I 0' 0.2 SIPHLONURIDAC HCPTACCNIIDAE 13 l. ~ 44.7 (.9 8 ~6 3;8 0.'I 56 5.8 24.0 2 1.5 COCNACRIONIDAC I 0.1 0 ~6 0.1 0.0 SIALIS 5 0~5 83 ' 1.3 16 ~ 5 7.4 PSYCHONYI ID AE 19 2.0 48.8 I 3

~ 7.5 3 '

BYDROPSYCBIDAE 611 63 8~ 882.8 76.9 170 ~ 9 76.4 LEPTOCERIDAE 65 6.8 2'3 ~ 2 2 ' 5.9 2 '

ELHIDAD ENPIDIDAE 2 0.2 3.7 0 ' 1.8 0.8 12 1.3 2 ' 0.2 0.8 0.4 CH IRONONIDAC 110 11. 5 10 ' 0' 1~9 0 8

~

CH IRONONIOAE (PVPAC) 15 1.6 0.5 0.0 0.3 SPHAERI IDAC 0.1 5 0.5 12.1 I ~ 1 2.0 0.9 TOTAI 958 1141 ~ 9 223.1 TOTAL/N2 5817 7042.3 1372.4 BICHASS(KC/BA) 70, ~ 13.1

65 Table 8-25. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a 'dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 26 April 1976.

NUMBER OF 1 TOTAL DAMP NT S TOTAL DRY 'NT (I TOTAL TAXA ORGAN ISNiS (NUMBERS) (MG) (DAMP WT) (HG) (DRY NT)

NCMATODA 1 0.2 <Oil <0-1 OLIGOCHAETA 55 13.4 35 ' 10 ~ 8 10.4 14. 1 POTAI'IANTHIDAE 2 0. 5 8.8 2~ 7 2.9 3.9 EPHCNCRELLIDAE 2 0.5 17.7 Si4 4.3 5 '

HEPTAGENIIDAE 35 8.6 100.9 30 ' 24.8 33 '

HYDROPSYCHIDAE 6 1.5 28.1 8.6 5.6 7.6 LEPTOCEBIDAE 7 1 ~7 <0.1 <0.1 ELM IDAC 9 2.2 4 ' 1~3 2.2 3.0 EYiPIDIDAC 8 2.0 7.5 2.3 1.9 2.6 EMPIDIDAE (PUPAE) 1 0 ' <F 1 <0 '

Cfl I BOhOHIDAE 249 60.9 109.4 33. 5 19 ' 26.1 CH IRONOHIDAC (PUPAE) 27 6.6 11. 5 3. 5 1.9 2.6 UNIDENTIFIED TERRESTRIAL 6 1.5 3,4 1.0 0.7 0.9 SPBAERIIDAE 1 0~2 <0.1 <0.1 TOTAL 409 326.9 74 '

TOTAL/H2 2509 2005.5 454.0 BIOMASS(KG/HA) 20,1 4.5 Table 8-26. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total oi benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 30 June 1976.

NUMBER OF 4 TOTAL DAMP NT 4 TOTAL DRY NT 8 TOTAL TAXA ORGANISMS (NUHBERS) (MG) (DAMP NT) (MG) (DRY NT)

HYDRA 10 0.8 <0,1 <0 '

TURBELLARIA 23 1.9 <0 ' <0.1 NEMATODA 1 0.1 <0.1 <0 ~ 1 OIIGOCHAETA 101 8.5 79.4 7.7 15.3 7 '

GAMMARUS 1 0.1 <0. 1 <0 '

ASTAC IDAE 1 0,1 20 F 1 l. 9 S.l 2,4 POTAMANTHIDAE 2 0.2 32.9 3~2 9.5 4 ~ 5 CAEN IDAE 141 11.8 95 ' 9.3 21 ~ 2 10. 1 SIPHLONURIDAE 45 3' 218 ' 21 ' 44,6 21. 2 HEPTAGENIIDAE 102 8~5 97 ' 9.4 17.4 8.3 SIALIS 11 0.9 29.5 2.9 4.2 2.0 BYDROPSYCYiIDAE 295 24 ~ 7 333 ' 32 ~ 3 70 ~ 5 33.5 LEPTOCERIDAE 1 0.1 3 ' 0~ 3 0 ~7 0,3 ELMIDAE 3 0.3 <0.1 <0 ~ 1

' 0.2 1.2 0' EIklIDAE (ADDITS)

SIMULIIDAE 1

4 0

0.3 0.2 2 ~4

<0. 1

<0 ~ 1

<0

<0.1 il CERATOPOGONIDAE 2 CH IROhOMIDAE 376 31 ' 103 i 0 10.0 18.4 8.7 CBIRONOMIDAE (PVPAE) 71 6.0 17o7 1~7 2.6 1.2 SPHAERI IDAE 2 0.2 <O,l <0 ~ 1 TOTAL 1193 1034 ~ 0 210.7 TO'IAL/M2 7319 6343.6 1292.6 BIOMASS (KG/HA) 63.4 12.9 Table B-27. Number, damp weight, dry weight, and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 5 October 1976 NU)EIER OP 'L TOTAL DAMP WT 4 TOI'AL 'AXA DRY NT t TOTAL ORGANISMS ( NUMBERS) (MG) (DAMP WT) (MG) (DRY NT)

TURBELLARIA 6 0.4 12.7 0 ' 2.2 0.6 OLIGOCHAETA 50 3.1 16.4 0.9 3.6 1~0 PEBLIDAE 2 0.1 <Oil <0.1 CAENIDAE 3 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 SIPHLONVRIDAE 39 2 ' 186 ~ 2 9i8 36 ' 10.1 HEPTAGENI IDAE 262 16.0 177.7 9.4 27.8 7 ~7 2SYCHOMYI IDAE 30 1.8 47.8 2.5 6.9 1.9 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 905 55m 4 1131. 6 59m 8 226.2 62.4 LEPTOCERI DAB 17 1,0 4.8 0.3 1.3 0.4 ELMIDAE 1 0.1 li8 Oil 0.9 0.2 0.6 EMPIDIDAE 37 2~3 8.8 0. 5 2.0 CH IRONOMIDAE 195 11 ~ 9 71.5 3.8 12.2 3.4 CHI RONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 19 1.2 1.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 SPHAERIIDAE 68 4.2 231.4 12. 2 42.2 11.6 TOTAL 1634 1893.5 362.5 TOTAL/M2 10025 11616.5 2223.9 BIOHASS(KG/HA) 116.2 22 2

66 OLIGOCHAETA TRICHOPTERA EPHEMEROPTERA DIPTERA MSCELLANEOUS 100 80 60 40 20 0

SSES SSES II BELL BEND I Fig. B-1. Percent composition of major macroinv'ertebrate groups collected at SSES I, SSES II, and Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

67 APRIL

'+ IAIIIAI11AA545 Cy~

lyp CICCIAIIIAC505 54ICIAIIICCIA IOTAL DCtDBER

>ICCICCCIACCCI CIIIIAITIAI545 l)C CIAAIIAI545 Fig. B-2. Percent composition of Chironomidae collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

68 APRlL JURE ITCTITAITTNSIS 0

ITTTOTMTTMSIS CITOATTLItfA CIICIAtll0tlA OCTOBER TOTN tffCTIOCLASTTS IT$ 0TAITTMSIS ITTTITMTTAASIS CITCITIt0$

Fig. B-3. Percent composition of Chironomidae collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

69 JUNE APRIL QITOTNI$

OCTOBER TOTAL C@

dddfOAIT R%0TAI'fTAI$4$

IITOTAITTAI$4$

IIITOT044$

Pig. B-4. Percent composition of Chironomidae collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

70 MACROINVERTEBRATE DRIFT by Lynn Sabin TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT...... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 74 INTRODUCTION...... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 74 P RO CE DURE S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 74 RE S ULTS ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 76 Density and Percent Composition.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 76 Seasonal Fluctuations........ ~ ~ 77 Diel Periodicity................... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 78 DISCUSSION...... . .'..........0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 78 REFERENCES CITED........,................. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

o' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 79 LIST OF TABLES Table C-l. Sampling dates, mean flow, -pumping rate and duration, and number of replicate drift samples collected during diel pumping at SSES and Falls on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.............................. 81

71 Page Table C-2. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macro-invertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973.............. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

82 Table C-3. Number... July 1973............. 83 Table C-4. Number . . . August 1973........................... . ~ ~ . 84 Table C-5. Number... September 1973............................ 8<5 Table C-6. Number... October 1973.

Table C-7. Number... November 1973......,...,..., ..'.,'...,..., .. 87 Table C-8. Number . . . December 1973......................... ... ~ 88 Table C-9. Number . . . January 1974.............................. 809 Table C-10. Number... February 1974..............,.............. 90 Number . . . March 1974........;.'...................... 01 1974..................;. '2 Table C-11. 9 Table C-12. Number... April ~

9 Table C-13. Number . . . May 1974..........'........................ 93 Table C-14. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macro-invertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate

1) collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Sus-quehanna River, June 1973..............................

Table C-15. Number . . . (replicate 2) . . . June 1973............." 95 Table C-16. Number . . . (replicate 1) July 1973...........,. 96 Table C-17. 'umber . .'. (replicate 2) July 1973............. 97 Table C-18. Number . . . (replicate 1) . . . August 1973..;........ 98 Table C-19.'umber . . . (replicate 2) August 1973 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 99 Table C-20. Number . . . (replicate 1) . . . September 1973.... ....100 Table C-21. Number . . . (replicate 2) . . . September 1973........101

72 Page Table C-22. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macro-invertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate

1) collected during diel pumping at Falls on. the Sus-quehanna River, October 1973... .... .. . .. . ... 102 Table C-23.. Number . . . (replicate 2) . . . October 1973.......... 103 Table C-24. Number . . . (replicate 1) . . . November 1973......... 104 Table C-25. Number . . . (replicate 2) . . . November 1973......... 105 Table C-26. Number . . . (replicate 1) . . . February 1974.........

Table C-27. Number . . . (replicate 2) . . . February 1974......... 107 Table C-28. Number . . . (replicate 1) . . . March 1974............ 108 Table C-29. Number . . . (replicate 2) . . . March 1974......... .. ~ 109 Table C-30. Number . . . (replicate 1) . . . April 1974............ 110 Table C-31. Number . . . (replicate 2) . . . April 1974............ 111 Table C-32. Number . . . (replicate 1) . . . May 1974.............. 112 Table C-33. Number... (replicate 2)... May 1974.............. 113 Table C-34 ~ Percent total and mean number of drifting macroinver-tebrates/10 m3 in surface samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.................,.......... 114 Table C-35. Percent . . . bottom samples . . . June 1973 through May 19740 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 115 Table C-36. Percent total and mean number of drifting macroinver-tebrates/10 m in surface samples collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.... . . . .. . .. ........ 116 Table C-37. Percent . . . bottom samples . . . June 1973 through May 19741 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 117

73 LIST OF FIGURES Page Fig. C-1. Mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates/10 m 3 col-lected monthly during diel pumping at Falls and SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.... 118 Fig. C-2. River flow and mean number of drifting macroinverte-brates/s collected monthly during diel pumping at Falls and SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974........................

I

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 19 Fig. C-3. Mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates/10.,m 3 col-lected at 3-h intervals during diel pumping at SSES and Falls on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974..................",......... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 120

74 ABSTRACT A total of 308 samples collected during diel pumping from June 1973 through May 1974 at SSES and Falls on the Susquehanna River was examined.

3 The mean number of macroinvertebrate drift at SSES was 222.7 organisms/10 m 3

which was nearly twice as many as at Falls (114.1 org/10 m ). Mean monthly 3

density ranged from 5.2 to 859.1 org/10 m . Maximum abundance occurred in June, whereas the minimum was in March. Chironomids were the predominant component of the drift.

INTRODUCTION Macroinvertebrate drift in the Susquehanna River was sampled monthly from June 1973 through May 1974. Samples were collected at a "control" site upriver at Falls, Pennsylvania (Fig. A-1) and near the Susqueh'anna SES at SSES (Fig. A-2). Ob'jectives of the study were to determine the abundance and composition of the macroinvertebrate drift and to describe its seasonal and diel fluctuations.

PROCEDURES A gasoline-powered, 10-cm (4-inch) pump was used to collect samples.

The pump was mounted on a pontoon boat anchored in midchannel. The intake was positioned 1 m upstream from the boat and could be lowered and raised using a small hand winch to collect surface or bottom samples. Water was pumped through an interchangeable No. 76 (216 p) mesh net on which an ABS

75 quick-opening bucket (Gale 1975) was attached. Pumping rate was first estimated by timing the filling of a 1,280-liter trough five times; there-after, the rate was checked each month by fillxng the tank twice. A set of four replicate samples was collected at two positions. Surface samples were taken about 50 cm below the water 'surface. The intake was then lowered to a position within 10-20 cm above the substrate for bottom a

samples. Visual inspection by a scuba 'diver revealed that benthic organisms were not drawn from the substrate when the intake was 10 cm or mdre above it. Samples were preserved in the field with 10% buffered formalin.

A series of samples was collected monthly at 3-h intervals throughout a 24-h period (Table C-1). Sampling usually began near the midpoint of the following intervals: 2230-0100, 0130-0400; 0430-0700, 0730-1000, 1030-1300, 1330-1600, 1630-1900, and 1930-2200 h. Both SSES and Falls were sampled within the same 72-h period and usually when River flow was either stationary I

or decreasing. This elimznated effects of catastrophic drift, a mechanical response of organisms to the disturbance of the substrate initiated by a I

great increase in water flow (Waters 1965), and better isolated the behav-ioral portion of the drift.

Heavy ice floes interrupted sampling in December 1973 at SSES and pre-vented sampling in December 1973 and January 1974 at Falls. Pump failure interrupted sampling at Falls in August 1973.

Macroscopic organisms were removed from the samples and tabulated. The entire residue (or 1/3 of it, if it was dense) was examined with a dissection microscope at 10X magnification so that minute organisms could be separated

76 and counted. Number of organisms in the residue, after a correction factor (x3) was applied, was added to the total number of macroscopic organisms previously removed. One replicate surface and bottom sample from SSES (Tables C-2 through C-13) and two replicates from Falls (Tables C-14 through C-33) for each sampling interval were examined.

Xn most instances, invertebrates were identified to the family level.

Keys by Claassen (1931), Johannsen (1934-37), Ross (1944), Burks (1953),

and Pennak (1953) were used.

RESULTS Density and Percent Composition The mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates at SSES (222.7 organisms/

3 10 m of water) was nearly twice that at Falls (114.1 org/10 m 3

). Mean monthly density ranged from 25.6 to 859.1 org/10 3 m at SSES (Tables C-34 3

and C-35) and from 5.2 to 414.1 org/10 m at Falls (Tables C,'-36 and C-37).

Composition o'f the drift was similar in bottom and surface samples'but density differed. Bottom samples averaged 33% more specimens than surface samples. Numerically dominant groups collected at SSES were midges (69.3%),

naidid worms (10.2%), and water mites (7.6%). Midges predominated at Falls (40.9%), but hydropsychid caddisflies (21.9%) and mayflies (Heptageniidae 8.2%, Baetidae 6.6%, Caenidae 6.2%, Ephemeridae 3.8%) were also major com-ponents of the drift. Mayflies and caddisflies were more abundant at Falls than at SSES (2- and 5-fold increases, respectively).

77 Seasonal Fluctuations At both sites, maximum numbers occurred in June and minimum numbers in March. At SSES, density of macroinvertebrate drift increased in December and January, accompanied by an increase, in River flow. Naidid 3 3 worms (0.1 158.9 org/10 m ), mayflies (0.1 68.3 org/10 m ), and 3

midges (2.5 453.1 org/10 m ) were most abundant in June and least numerous during November (Fig. C-1). The water mites were most 3

abundant in November (51.9 org/10 m ) with a second, smaller peak in 3

abundance in August (35. 9 org/10 m ) ~ Fewest were taken in February 3

and March (0.7 org/10 m ) . Hydropsychid caddisflies were least abundant 3 3 in the spring (0.6 org/10 m ), and most abundant in August (15.4 org/10 m ).

When numbers of macroinvertebrates were adjusted to compensate for fluc-tuations in River flow (Fig. C-2), a sharp decline in the number of drifting midges was observed in July, possibly as a result of a midsummer emergence.

At Falls, densities of three families of mayflies (Caenidae 41.9 org/

3 3 3 10 m , Ephemeridae 39.0 org/10 m , Heptageniidae 23.8 org/10 m ) were greatest in June (Fig. C-1). Baetid mayflies were most abundant in August (37.3 org/10 m 3

). Numbers of all mayflies were low during November, February, and March. Hydropsychid caddisflies were densest in 3 -3 June (137.5 org/10 m ) and were also abundant in August (74.4 org/10 m ).

3 Density then declined to a minimum of 0.2 org/10 m in February. Numbers 3

of midges and elmid beetles were greatest in July (197.0 and 25.6 org/10 m ,

respectively) and, lowest during November, February, and March (Fig. C-l).

78 Diel Periodicity A nocturnal increase in activity was exhibited by mayflies at both sites, and by caddisflzes, elmid beetles, and midges at Falls. Mayflies 3

were most numerous shortly after dusk (52.2 org/10 m ) and immediately 3

before dawn (47.5 org/10 m ) at 'Falls (Fig. C-3). At SSES, only a pre-dawn peak was evident ('-.'.'rg/10 m 3

). Caddisflies were most active near dusk at Falls (43. org/10 m 3 ), slightly earlier than the mayflies.

Midges exhibited erratic behavior patterns at SSES,but at Falls they, like mayflies, were most active shortly after dusk (68.7 org/10 m 3

)

(Fig. C-3) .

DXSCUSSION Composition of .the invertebrate drift was different at the two sites and reflected that of the benthic community fairly well. Mayflies and caddisflies, traditionally considered "clean-water" taxa, were most abundant at Falls, whereas midges and worms, often indicators of poor water quality, predominated at SSES.

Seasonal variations were probably caused by emergence of adult insects in the late simmer and fall. This, however, was not the only factor that controlled invertebrate behavior. The abundance of naidid worms and water mites, which have no emergence periods, also fluctuated broadly. Fluctuations in water temperature and River flow were other

79 factors that may have influenced drift and responses of different taxa to these factors probably vary. Water mites, for instance, were most abun-dant during months of lowest flow, whereas numbers of organisms in other taxa increased in December and January when River level rose.

Increased nocturnal activity of many macroinvertebrates may have been triggered by fluctuations in light intensity. At Falls, where light penetrated deeper into the water column than at SSES, diel changes in macroinver tebra te dr ift were more no ticeable. Large concentrations of ferric iron limited light penetration at SSES and the bottom was often "totally dark" (Gale and Gale 1976). Photometer readings taken during the summer of 1976 near this site revealed that light did not penetrate to the River bottom. Even so, some taxa still exhibited diel periodicity, indi-cating that they may have had greater endogenous control of activity patterns, or, alternately, that activity may have been initiated by other external stimuli.

REFERENCES CITED Burks, B. D. 1953. The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Bull.

Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 26. 216 pp.

Claassen, P. W. 1931. Plecoptera nymphs of North America. Charles C.

Thomas Publishing Co., Springfield,,Ill. 199 pp.

Gale, W. F. 1975. A quick-opening bucket for plankton and larval fish nets. Prog. Fish-Cult. 37: 164.

Gale, W. F. and C. A. Gale. 1976. Selection of artificial spawning Board Can. 33: 1906-1913.

80 Johannsen, 0. A. 1934-37., Aquatic diptera. Parts I through IV. Memoirs 164, 177, 205, and 210. Cornell Univ. Experimental Station, 1934, 1935, 1937, and 1937, respectively. Reprinted in 1970 by Entomological Reprint Specialists, Los Angeles, Calif.

1 Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1974. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1974). Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 838 pp.

Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States.

The Ronald Press Co., New York, N.Y. 769 pp.

Ross, H. H. 1944. The caddisflies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Bull.

Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 23. 326 pp.

Waters, T. F. 1965. Interpretation of invertebrate drift in streams.

Ecology 46: 327-334.

81 Table 0-1. Sampling dates, mean flow, pumping rate and duration, and number of replicate drift samples collected during diel pumping at SSES and, Falls on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.

3 Sampling Date Mean River Flow (m /s) Pumping Rate Pumping Duration Ho. of Replicates SSES Falls SSES Falls (liter/min) (min/rep) Surface Bottom Jun 13-14 12-13 222.0 188.0 1, 150 5.5 Jul 26-27 27-28 95.6 105.2 2,250 5.0 Aug 21-22 22-23 134.5 105.7 2>250 5.0 Sep 21-22 22-23 110.5 93.3 2,250 5.0 Oct 12-13 13-14 69. 2 60.0 2,250 5.0 Nov 16-17 17-18 9q.7 100.9 2,250 5.0 Dec 20-21 843.0 2>250 5.0 Jan 26-27 960. 0 2,250 5.0 Feb 18-19 19-20 244.0 212.5 2,250 5.0 Mar 18-19 19-20 525.0 483.0 2,250 5.0 Apr 24-25 25-26 489.5 439.0 2,250 5.0 May 28-29 29-30 255.5 218.0 2,250 5.0 Calculated with data provided by the USGS from the Towanda, Old Forge, Wilkes-Barre, and Danville gauging stations (Ichthyological Associates 1974) .

82 Table C-2. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973.

DATE 13 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN 14 JUN 14 JUN 14 JUN 14 JUN 14 JUN STARTING TIME 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 1400 VOI DEPTH

. PILTERED(H3) 6 30 SURPACE 6 '0 SURPACE 6.30 SURFACE 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 '0 6.30 SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE NO NO. NO NO. NO, NO NO.

NEMATODA 3 3 4 0 9 9 9 15 6~5 1. 8 NAIDIDAE 73 63 29 58 76 91 147 108 80.6 22 6 TUBIPIC IDAE HYDRACARINA 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0~1 Oe0 COLLEMBOLA 2 5 6 0 2 0 0 3 2 ' 0.6 EPHEHERIDAE 1 1 6'

3 0 1 0 1 0 0.9 0.2 10 5 6 19 1 9 13 8 ~6 2.4 CAEN IDAE BAETIDAE 3 0 8 3 0 9 6 3 ~8 1.1 3 5 28 6 6 0 6 18 9+0 2~ 5 BEPTAGENI IDAE 4 5 7 4 14 0 7 15 7 ~0 2~0 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 1 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0~1 0.0 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 4 1.5 0,4 COLEOPTERA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0~ 0 ELMIDAE 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 ELMIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 Oe8 0,2 PSYCHODIDAE CULICIDAE 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ' 0.1 SIMULIIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 Oe0 2 4 6 3 2 0 0 3 2.8 0.8 EMPIDI DAB 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.0 CHIRONOMIDAE 130 196 266 203 242 81 208 359 210.6 59 0 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 11 8 90 9 22 2 12 16 21.3 6.0 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 243 303 449 302 399 188 409 562 356 ~ 9 ORGAN I SMS/10M3 386 481 713 479 633 298 649 892 566.5 TOTAL TAXA 12 15 12 11 14 7 10 11 12 FILTERED DATE 13 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN 14 JUN 14 JUN 14 JUN 14 JUN 14 JUN STARTING TINE 170() 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 1400 VOL ~

DEPTH (M3) 6+30 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTTOM 6 '0 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTTOM 6+30 BOTTOM 6.30 6.30 6.30 BOTTOM BOTTOM BOI'TOM TAXA NO ~ NO+ NO. NO+ NO. NO. MEAN 4 TOTAL NEMATODA .4 1 0 26 7 2 13 21 9.3 1.7 NAIDIDAE 77 88 100 131 64 76 169 252 119.6 22. 1 TUBIPICIDAE 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Oe3 0.0 HYDRACARINA 2 0 0 3 .0 6 6 3 2.5 Oe5 COLLEHBOLA 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0.9 0 2 EPHEHERIDAE CAEN IDAE 8

1 10 13 36 15 19 34 9 18 ' 3~ 3 3 1 13, 5 3 9 6 0.9 BAET I DAB 14 11 28 37 13 0 17 22 17.8 3 3 HEPTAGENI IDAE 11 8 13 36 13 16 32- 5 16 o8 3~ 1 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 0 CORI XIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0~4 0.1 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 1 4 0 0 3 9 3 0 2.5 0+ 5 LEPTOCERIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 1 0~ 0 COLEOPTERA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 Oe0 ELMIDAE 1 1 2 1 1 0 3 0 1.1 0.2 ELHIDAE (ADULTS) 1 2 1 0 1 3 0 1 1.1 0.2 TIPUIIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 ' 0.1 PSYCBODIDAE 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 1 1.0 0+ 2 CULICIDAE 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0.5 0~ 1 S IHULIIDAE 3 5 9 2 5 0 5 4 4.1 0.8 EMP ID IDAE 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0.5 0.1 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0~0 CHIRONOMIDAE 361 162 294 434 274 327 377 356 323.1 59. 7 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 16 6 10 19 16 19 30 11 15 ' 2.9 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 503 303 471 744 426 481 704 698 541.3 ORGAN I SMS/10>(3 798 481 748 1181 676 763 1117 1108 859 ~ 1.

TOTAL TAXA 16 14 ~

10 13 16 11 14 15 14

83 Table C-3. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, July 1973.

l DATE 26 JOI 26 JUL 26 JUL 26 JUL 26 JOL 26 JOL 27 JUL 27 JUL STARTING TINE 0830 1130 1430 1730 2030 2330 0230 0530 VGA FIL'IEREG(N3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE TAXA NO. NG. NO, NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NEAN I TOTAL NENATODA 0 1 2 9 6 1 0 6 3.1 0.7 NAIDIDAE 6 4 0 6 6 0 0 9 3 ' 0.8 BYDRACARINA 18 9 20 60 48 36 6 48 30. 6 6 '

CAENIDAE 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 6 2~3 0.5 BAET IDAE 1 3 0 0 0 I 4 1 li3 0.3 HEPTAGENI IDAE 8 20 9 12 7 19 0 28 12. 9 2 '

BYDROPSYCBIDAE 0 6 3 3 0 4 6 12 4 ~ 3 0.9 LEPTOCERIDAE 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0.1 ELHIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 0 i 2 7 1 li3 0.3 T)POLIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.4 0.1 COLIC IDAE 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.4 0.1 SINULIIDAE 12 8 7 3 10 12 9 32 11. 6 2,5 ENPIDI DAB 5 8 0 6 0 3 0 6 3.5 0+7 CH I &ONONIDAE 373 353 388 375 207 369 224 555 355.5 . 75. 5 CBIRONONIDAE (PUPAE) 25 18 20 6 43 50 31 123 39.5 8.4 PB'YSIDAE I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 Oi0 TOTAL ORGAN I SFIS/SAIIPLE 452 430 455 480 333 500 287 830 470.9 ORGAN I SHS/10N3 400 38L 403 425 295 442 254 735 416i7 TOTAL TAXA 10 10 8 9 8 11 7 13 10 DATE 26 JUL 26 JUL 26 JUL 26 JOL 26 JOL 26 JUL 27 JOL 27 JUL STARTING TINE 0830 1130 1430 1730 2030 2330 0230 0530 VOL. FILTERED(H3) 1 l. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 lle30 11.30 11.30 DE PTH BOTTON BUTTON BOPTON BUTTON BOITOM BOTTOM BO'ITON BOTTON NO. NO. NO+ NO ~ NO NOi NO NO NEAN 8 TOTAL N ENATODA NAIDIDAE 5

7 19 0

11 9

14 0

15 3

9 3

17 7 34006 5 119 1~ 9 HYDRACAR(NA PLECOPTERA CAENIDAE BAETIDAE 30 0

0 6

42 3

12 0

42 0

3 1

48 0

0 0

70 16 1

18 31 0

10 8

18 0

3 0

96611 60 0

0 42+6 Oi5 4 1 6 9 Oil 0 7 BEPTAGENIIDAL BYDROPSYCHIDAE ELNIDAE ELNIDAE (ADULTS)

SINU I I IDAE 22 7

0 0

8 14 11 0

0 9

28 1

0 0

4 6

1 0

0 12 86 17 "25 6

2 52 7

1 8

15 14 9

5 3

8 01302 13 6

0 13 28.8 6+9 2

12.5 3

4.7 i+ 1 0~ 4 2.0 ENPIDIDAE 8 5 3 6 6 5 3 0 4 ~ 5 Oi7 ENPIDIDAE (PUPAE) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0+0 CHIRONOHIDAE 348 311 372 245 900 490 293 473 429.0 69i4 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 59 18 9 20 283 34 21 60 63 0 10 2 TOTAL ORGANISHS/SANPLE 500 445 483 352 1448 673 401 642 618 ~

ORGAN I SHS/10N 3 442 394 ll 427 312 596 355 568 546 ll 0'281

~ 9 TOTAL TAXA 10 11 8 14 13 12 9

Table C-4. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in suriace and bottom samples collected during dial pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, August 1973.

DATE 21 AVG 21 AVG 21 AVG 21 AVG 21 AVG 21 AVG 22 AVG 22 AVG STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL FILTERED (H3) 11. 30 lie 30 11 ~ 30 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE TAXA NO. NO. NO NO. NO. NOr NO. HEAN S TOTAL NEHATODA 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0.5 0.1 NAIDIDAE 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.1 BYDRACARINA 27 45 66 24 30 21 27 15 31. 9 7.9 COLLEHBOLA 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 0 1~1 0.3 CAENIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 9 0.2 BAETIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 0. 0 BEPTAGENI IDAE 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0' 0.1 COENAG RI ON IDM 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 1.1 0 3 HYDROPSYCH IDM 7 53 21 33 27 1 7 19. 3 4 ~8 COLEOPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.0 ELHIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0~1 Oe0 DIPTERA (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 0 0 TIPULIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0,4 0.1 CVLICIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Owl 0.0 SIHULIIDAE 4 5 6 8 13 6 13 7.6 1.9 EHP ID IDAE 3 5 5 7 0 2 1 2 ' 0,7 EHPIDIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 ' 0.1 CH IRONOHIDAE 156 675 297 275 379 134 240 88 280 ' 69.7 CHI RONOHIDM (PUPAE) 87 93 31 31 50 45 30 68 54 ~ 4 13.5 TOTAL ORGAN ISHS/SAHPLE 284 879 428 384 508 220 332 184 402.4 ORGAN ISHS/10H3 251 778 379 340 450 195 294 163 356.1 TOTAL TAXA 6 7 7 8 8 13 10 7 8 DATE 21 AUG 21 MG 21 AVG 21 AVG 21 AVG 21 AUG 22 AVG 22 AVG STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL, PILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH B OPTOH BOTTOH BOTTOM BOPTOH BUTTON BUTTON BUTTON BOTTOH TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO ~ NO NO. NO, NO+ HEM \ TOTAL NEH ATODA 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 0.8 0. 1 NAIDIDAE 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.0 HYDRACARINA 36 31 18 24 27 66 81 111 49,3 8 '

COLLEHBOI A 1 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 Oo9 0 2 CAEN IDM 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 1.5 0.3 BEPTAGENI IDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~1 0.0 CDONATA 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0.8 0. 1 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0.8 0. 1 HYDROPSYCBIDAE 16 20 5 8 16 20 18 22 15.6 2+8 ELHIDM 0 1 4 3 0 2 0 1 1,4 0.2 EI HIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 3 0 6 0 1.1 0.2 DIPTERA (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0.8 0 1 CVLICIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0~4 0.1 SIHVLIIDAE 6 22 7 1 19 4 5 12 9o5 1~7 EHPIDIDAE 6 13 12 7 5 12 14 15 10.5 1~ 9 EHPIDIDAE (PVPM) 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 3 1,0 0.2 CH IRONC4(IDAE 337 560 415 517 287 238 369 527 406.3 72.2 CBIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 80 69 38 72 84 29 54 72 62.3 11. 1 TOTAL ORCANISHS/SAHPLE 483 717 503 634 452 374 563 778 563.0 ORGAN I SHE/10H3 427 635 445 561 400 331 498 688 498.2 TOTAL TAXA 8 8 9 9 12 8 11 13 10

85 Table C-5. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, September 1973.

DATE 21 SEP "1 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 22 SEP STARTINC TIME 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 VOL. FILTERED(M3) 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE NO ~ NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. HEAN I TOTAL NEMATODA 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0.8 0.4 N AIDI DAB 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.2

))YDRACARINA 3 3 9 18 3 9 9 4 7 ~3 4.2 CAEN IDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 BAETIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 O.l 0.1 BEPTACENI IDAE 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 I 0.5 0. 3 ODONATA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 1 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0. 1 HYDROPSYCH IDAE 3 9 21 12 9 4 16 5 9' 5.8 SIHULIIDAE 3 1 0 4 0 2 0 1 1.4 0.8 EMPIDIDAE 2 8 6 10 7 3 0 1 4.6 2~7 CBIRONOMIDAE 58 175 164 138 112 130 151 44 121. 5 71.0 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 22 39 19 41 27 10 21 16 24.4 14+2 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 94 235 222 226 158 160 202 72 171.1 ORGAN I SHS/10M3 83 208 196 200 140 142 179 . 64 151 4 TOTAL TAXA 9 6 6 7 5 8 5 7 7 DATE 21 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 21 SEP 22 SEP STARI'ING TIME 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 VO) ~ FI I TERED (H3) Ilo30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM NO NO. NO. NO+ NO. NO ~ NO. NO. ))EAN 0 TOTAL NEHATODA NAIDIDAE 0

9 1

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 15 0 0 7

0 0

0.1 3.9 0.0 "1.0 10301 26.1 6.9

'0 HYDRACARINA 39 16 39 31 15 15 24 BAETIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.3 0.1 HEPTACENIIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 TRICHOPTERA (PUPAE) 0 0 3 0 0 ' 0 0 0' 0.1 BYDROPSYCHIDAE 17 3 25 17 27 8 3 6 13.3 3.5 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 6 1 5 0+4 ELMIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 Oa0 TIPULIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 SIMULIIDAE 4 2 0 5 0 0 0 2 16 04 EMPIDIDAE 10 6 23 4 8 31 4 3 11.1 2.9 CBIRONOHIDAE CHI RONOMIDAE (PUPAE)

PBYSIDAE TOTAL ORGAN 254 36 370 0

249 39 0

317 248 62 401 0

262 55 376 0

247 63 376 0

638 56 772 6

175 212 7

0 135 18 196 00802 276.0 42.0 377. 5 73+i 11.1 ISHS/SAMPLE'RGANISMS/1083 327 281 355 333 333 683 188 173 334.1 TOTAI TAXA 8 8 7 7 5 8 7 9 7

86 Table C-6. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, October 1973.

DATE 12 OCT 12 OCI'2 1200 0900 OCT 12 OCT 1500 12 OCT 1800 12 OCT 2100 12 OCT, 2400 13 OCT 0300 STARTING TIME 0600 ~

VOL ~ FILTERED (M3) 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 Ii+30 11.30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE TAXA i NO. NO. NO. NO ~ NO ~ NO NO MEAN t TOI'AI NAIDIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 3 0.5 1 2 HYDRACARINA 17 1 31 24 24 26 16 ~ 5 40.4 HEPTAGENIIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0. 3 PSYCHOMYIIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0. 3 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 5 1 12 11 .10 9 6 ~5 15 ~ 9 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0. 3 SINULIIDAE 1 0 0 0 1 0 0+3 0.6 EKPIDIDAE 11 0 3 4 16 12 7ol 17 '

CHIRONOMIDAE 9 2 11 8 20 14 9oO 22,0 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 1 1 0 0 Oo6 1.5 TOTAL ORGANIS)"S/SAMPLE 43 30 59 49 73 64 40.9 ORGAN I SMS/10M 3 38 27 52 43 65 57 36.2 TOTAL TAXA 5 5 6 6 7 5 5 DATE 12 OCT 12 OCT 12 OCT 12 OCT 12 OCT 12 OCI'100 12 OCT 13 OCT STARTING TIME 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2400 0300 VOL. FILTERED(M3)

DEPTH 11.30 BOI'TOM

11. 30 BOTTOM 11 ~ 30 BOTTOM 11 '0 BOTTOM

11. 30 BOTTOM

11. 30 BOTTOM

11. 30 BO'ITOM

11. 30 BOTTOM TAXA NO NO+ NO ~ NO. NO, NO. NO MEAN 8 TOTAL TRICLADIDA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0. 1 NAIDIDAE 1 1 1 0 6 9 0 3 2.6 1.4 HYDRACARINA 38 5 34 45 78 232 69 39 67.5 36. 8 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0~ 1 0. 1 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 11 7 14 .5 18 53 16 14 l7o3 9+4 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.4 0. 2 SIMULIIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 Oo 1 EMPIDIDAE 12 14 24. 17 54 65 20 63 33 6 18I 3 CHIRONOMIDAE 7 14 17 15 30 286 37 63 58.6 32.0 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 0 11 3 9 2<9 le6 PHYSIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Owl 0. 1 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 70 41 90 82 186 661 145 192 183+4 ORGANISMS/10M3 62 ')6 80 73 165 585 128 170 162. 3 TOTAL TAXA 6 5 5 4 5 9 5 7 6

87 Table C-7. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, November 1973.

DATE 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 17 NOV STARTING TINE 0600 ~ 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 VOL ~ PILTERED(H3) 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE NEHATODA TARDIGRADA NAIDIDM 0

0 0

NO.

0 0

0 NO.

0 0

0 NO+

1 3

0 NO 0

0 0

NOe NO.

0 0

0 NO.

1 4

1

'.3BEAN 0.9 0.1 8 TOTAL 0.5 1.6 0.2 HYDRACARINA 30 39 113 139 31 5 9 46.6 84.2 EPHEHERIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 Oo2 HEPTAGENI IDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 HYDROPSYCH IDM 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0~5 0.9 ELHIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0~3 0.5 S I HOLI I DAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 0

0.2 7 2 EHPIDIDM 2 0 5 14 1 1 4 4 CHIRONOHIDAE 4 1 0 7 3 1 1 2.4 4.3 TOTAL ORGAN I SHE/SAHPLE 36 41 '8 166 147 36 32 16 14 22 19 55 ~ 4 49 e0 ORGAN ISNS/10H3 32 36 104 TOTAL TAXA 3 3 2 6 4 5 8 4 DATE 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 16 NOV 17 NOV STARi'ING TINE 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 VGA PILTERED(N3) 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 lle30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH BOTTOM BOITOH BUTTON BOTZOH BUTTON BOTIOH BOTL'OH BUTTON TAXA NO. NO. NOe NO NOe NO NO NO HEAN 8 TOTAL TRICLADIDA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0. 2 HYDRACARINA 79 119 85 184 34 20 19 25 70. 6 85o2 COLLEHBOLA 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0~3 0~3 H Y DROPS YC H ID AE 0 1 1 2 0 3 0 1 1.0 i+2 ELH IDAE 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0~ 3 EHPID IDAE 2 6 6 23 4 3 12 3 7 ~4 So9 CHIRONOHIDAE 0 2 0 3 4 4 4 3 2 5 3~0 CHIRONONIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 Oo8 0.9 TOTAL ORGAN ORGAN IS)LS/SAHPLE I SNS/10H3 81, 72 128 113 95 84 212 188 43 38 30 27 37 33 37 33 82,9 73.3 TOTAL TAXA 2 4 5 4 4 4 4 6 4

88 Table C-8. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and at SSES on the Susquehanna River, bottom samples collected during diel pumping December 1973.

DATE 20 DEC 20 DEC 20 DBC 20 DEC 20 DEC STARTING TIHB 0900 1200 1500 1800 2400 VOL. FILTERED (h3)

DEPTH

11. 30 SURFACE

11. 30 SU RFACE 11.

SURFACE 30 ll.30 SURFACE 11.30 SU RFACE TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. MEAN 8 TOTAL N EMATODA 6 6 0 3 0 3.0 2.0 TARDIGRADA 3 3 0 0 0 1.2 0.8 NAIDIDAE 28 44 9 0 13 18.8 12.5 TUBIFICIDAE 0 13 0 0 0 2.6 1.7 HYDRACARINA 21 21 15 3 9 13.8 9.2 COLLEHBOLA 3 6 0 6 9 4.8 3.2 PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 0 3 0.6 0.4 EPHEMEROPTERA 3 12 0' 3 0 3.6 2.4 BAETIDAB 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.5 HEPTAGENIIDAE 3 7 0 0 3 2.6 1.7 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 3 12 4 3 1 4~6 3~1 COLEOPTERA 0 3 0 0 0 0.6 0.4 HYDROPHILIDAE 0 0 0 0 3 0.6 0.4 ELHIDAE 0 3 0 0 1.4 0.9 PSYCHODIDAE 1 1 1 0 3 1.2 0.8 SIMULIIDAE 0 0 0 0 3 0.6 0.4 EMPIDIDAE 3 6 1 6 9 5.0 3.3 CHIRONOMIDAB 81 188 49 32 74 84.8 56. 3 TOTAL ORGAN I SHS/SAHP LE 155 326 86 56 130 150. 6 111.1 ORGANISMS/10H3 TOTAL TAXA ll 137 288 14 76 8

50 7

115 11 10 DATE 20 DEC 20 DEC 20 DEC 20 DEC 20 DEC STARTING TIHB 0900 1200 1500 1800 2400 VOL. FILTERED(H3) 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO ~ NO. MEAN '4 TOTAL NEHATODA 9 1 0 0 2.8 1.8 TARDIGRADA 3 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.4 NAIDIDAE 58 44 0 6 25 26.6 16.7 TUBIFICIDAE 1 0 0 0 1 0.4 0.3 HIRUDINEA 0 0 0 0 1 0.2 0.1 HYDRACARINA 6 24 18 6 30 16.8 10. 5 COLLEHBOLA 9 3 0 3 12 5.4 3.4 EPHEHEROPTERA 0 3 0 0 9 2.4 l. 5 BABTIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.1 HEPTAGENIIDAE 12 6 0 0 6 4 ' 3.0 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 3 2 1 1 10 3.4 2.1 PSYCHODIDAE 0 3 0 0 6 1~8 1.1 SIMULIIDAB 3 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.4 EHPIDIDAE 0 6 0 0 12 3.6 2. 3 CERATOPOGONIDAE 3 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.4 CHIRONOMIDAE 95 105 55 22 170 89.4 56. 0 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 203 200 75 38 282 159.6 I

ORGAN SHS /10M 3 180 177 66 34 250 117.7 TOTAL TAXA 12 10 4 5 11 8

89 Table C-9. Number, mean, and percent total of drii'ting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, January 1974.

DATE 26 JAN 26 JAN 26 JAN 26 JAN 27 JAN 27 JAN 27 JAN 27 JAN STARTING TINE 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 VOL. FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 "

11.30 11. 30 11 ~ 30 11 ~ 30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO, NO. NO, NO. 4 TOTAL N Ek)ATODA 0 0 1 0 0 9 4 11 3el 3.8 NAIDIDM 3 4 1 4 0 2 4 2.8 3+4 AHPH I PODA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 HYDRACARINA 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0.8 0.9 COLLENBOLA 3 3 0 9 0 0 0 0 1.9 2 '

NENOURIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 EPHENEROPTERA 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 3 1.5 1,8 BAETIDM 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Owl 0. 2 HEPTAGCNI IDM 3 0 0 8 0 0 3 3 2.1 2.6.

PHI LOPOTANIDM 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 PSYCHOHYIIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0~4 0.5 BYDROPSYCHIDAE 2 0 5 3 1 7 2 2 2o8 3,4 EIH IDM 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 ' 0~ 9 CHAOBOR IBM 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 2 EHPIDI DAB 3 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 1.0 1.2 CB IRONOHIDAE 126 69 39 82 39 49 39 66 63. 6 78 ~ 3 TOTAL ORGANISNS/SAHPLE 141 77 50 117 49 69 53 94 81.3 ORGANISKS/10H3 125 68 44 104 43 61 47 83 71.9 TOTAL TAXA 7 4 5 9 6 5 6 8 6 DATE 26 JAN 26 JAN 26 JAN 26 JAN 27 JAN 27 JAN 27 JAN 27 JAN STARI'IhG TIHE 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 VGL. FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 DEPTH , BOI'TON BOTTOH BUTTON BUTTON BUTTON BOITOH BOTTOM TAXA NO ~ NO ~ NO. NO. NO ~ NO, NO. NO. 4 TOTAL NEHATODA 0 0 0 6 0 0 12 6 3+0 l. 9 NAIDIDAE 8 6 12 0 4 9 3 4 5.8 30 7 TUBIFICIDM 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.4 0.2 ANPHIPODA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 1 HYDRACARINA 6 3 6 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 l. 5 COLLEHBOLA 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 6 i+5 1.0 EPHEHEROPTERA 3 6 3 6 0 6 0 3 3' 202 EPHKHERIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0. 1 BAETIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2

'EPTAGENIIDAE 3 10 3 3 3 0 0 10 4.0 2.6 COENAGRION IDAE

'00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 0.1 CORI X I DAB 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 GLOSSOSGHATIDM 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 Owl PBIIOPOTAHIDAE 0 0' 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 PSYCBONYIIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ 1 0.1 HYDROPS'YCHIDAE 5 8 3 4 1 6 8 2 4.6 3o0 HYDROPTIIIDAE 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 3 1.3 0~ 8 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.2 LEPIDOPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Owl 0 I PSEPBENIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Oo4 0~ 2 ELH IDAE 3 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 Oo9 0~6 TIPULIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0' 0 3 PSYCHODIDAE 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 6 1.1 0.7 CHAOBORIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.4 Oe2 STRATIOHYI IDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 0.1 EHPIDIDAE 0 3 0 4 0 0 0 1 1.0 Oe6 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 0 l. 1 Or 7 CBIRONOHIDAE 127 126 143 149 93 83 99 142 120.3 78.1 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 4 0+ 2 TOTAL ORGANISNS/SAHPLE 157 175 174 178 111 116 135 185 153+9 ORGANISHS/10H3 139 155 154 158 98 103 119 164 136.2 TOTAL TAXA 9 14 8 8 10 9 9 12 10

90 Table C-10. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, FebruarY 1974.

0 DATE 18 FEB 18 FEB 18 PEB 18 FEB 18 PEB 19 FEB 19 FEB 19 PEB STARTING TIME 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 VOL, FILTERED(M3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE NO ~ NO ~ NO. NO ~ NO. NO. NO. NO MEAN t TOTAL NEHATODA 1 0 1 6 0 1 0 0 lel 1.8 NAIDIDM 4 2 0 0 3 3 1 3 2 ~0 3' HYDRACARINA 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.8 le2 COLLEHBOLA 0 0- 0 0 0 3 4 0 0.9 1. 4 PERI,IDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 ) 0 0.1 "0.2 EPHEHEROPTERA 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 3 1.1 1.8 HEPTAGENIIDAE 0 0 0 3 0 6 3 1 1.6 2.6 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~8 1.2 HYDROPTILIDAE 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.6 ELMIDM 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0. 2 PSYCHODIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.6 EHPIDIDAE 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0.6 1.0 CH IRONONIDAE 68 111 25 71 22 26 69 35 53.4 84 ~ 4 TOTAI ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 82 117 27 89 26 ~

40 83 42 63.3 ORGANISMS/10M3 73 104 24 79 23 35 73 37 56.0 TOTAL TAXA 6 4' 3 6 3 6 6 4 5 DATE 18 FEB 18 FEb 4'FEB 18 FEB 18 FEB 19 PEB 19 PEB 19 PEB STARL'ING TIME 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 VOL ~ FILTERED(H3)

DEPTH

11. 30 BOTTOM 11 '0 BOZTOH 11.30 BOTTOM 11.30 BOTTOM 11.30 BOTTOM 11 '0 BO'ITOM 11 '0 BOTTOM lle30 BOI'TOM TAXA NO NO. NOe NO. NOe NO ~ NO ~ NO. HEAN 4 TOTAL NEHATODA 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0.8 l. 0 NAIDIDAE 8 0 0 6 0 1 2 1 2 3 2.9 TUBIFICIDM 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 HYDRACARINA 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0.8 1~ 0 C 0LL EH B OI A 6 0 0 0 0 3 10 3 2.8 3e6 PERLIDAE 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0.9 1.1 EPHEMEROPTERA 3 4 0 0 0 6 0 3 2.0 2.6 CA ENIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 ' le 0 EPHEMERELLIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0. 1 0. 2 BAETIDAE 1 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0.9 1.1 HEPTAGENI IDAE 2 0 0 1 0 3 1 6 le6 2 1

~

PSYCHOMYI IDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 2 0 .4 0 2 3 -2 4 2.1 2 8 TIPUI IDM 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0. 7 CULICIDM 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 '0.4 0 5 EHPIDIDM 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 3 1.1 1.5 CHIRONOHIDAE 119 52 20 47 35 62 59 79 59.1 77.4 CH IRONONIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 149 60 24 66 45 84 79 104 76. 4 ORGAN I SHS/IOH3 132 53 21 58 40 74 70 92 67.6 TOTAL TAXA 10 4 2 8 5 7 8 ' 7

Table C-ll. Number, moan, and percent total of drifting macroinvertobrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES en the Susquehanna River, March 1974.

DATE 18 HAR 18 MAR 18 MAR 18 MAR 18 HAR 19 HAR 19 HAR 19 HAR STARTING TIME 1100 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 VOL. FILTERED {H3) 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPTH SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO+ NO. NO+ MEAN . 0 TOTAL NEHATODA 0 0 6 3 0 0 0 0 1.1 3.9 MAIDIDAE 1 3 1 4 1 2 0 1.5 5.2 TUBI FICIDAE 5 1 4 0 1 4 0 1 2 0 F 9 BYDRACARINA 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0.8 2+6 PLECOPTERA 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1.3 BAETIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ~ 0 0.1 0.4 BEPTAGENIIDM 0 0 0 0 4 1 ) 0 0.6 2.2 PSYCHOMYI IDAE 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0.3 0.9 BYDROPSYCBIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0,4 1.3 LEPTOCERIDM 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 0,4 PSYCBODIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Owl 0.4 EMPIDIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 4 1.3 CBIRONOMIDM 25 11 39 12 25 17 28 12 21.1 73.2 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 31 18 58 23 32 25 31 13 28+9 ORGANISMS/10H3 27 16 51 20 28 22 27 12 25.6 TOTAL TAXA 3 4 8 5 5 5 3 2 4 DATE 18 HAR 18 HAR 18 MAR 18 MAR 18 HAR 19 HAR 19 HAR 19 HAR STARTING TIME 1100 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 VOI . FILTERED {H3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11 ~ 30 DEPTH B(KTOH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOPTOH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTIOM BOTTOM NO. NO. NO NO. NO. NO. NOo MEAN \ TOTAL NEMATODA 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 0.1 0+3 MAIDIDAE 2 1 3 1 6 .0 1 0 i+8 4 9 TUBI PIC IDAE 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0.8 2.1 BYDRACARINA 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0.8 2.1 COLLEHBOLA 0 0 0 12 0 3 0 0 1.9 5 2 EPBEMEROPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Oe4 1.0 BAETIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Owl 0. 3 HEPTAGENI IDM 0 0 3 7 0 3 0 0 1.6 4.5 BYDROPSYCBIDM 0 3 4 0 1 0 2 0 1.3 3.5 PSYCBODIDAE 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0.8 2.1 EHPIDIDM 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 1~0 CBIRONOMIDAE 26 22 39 42 35 20 13 12 26.1 72 8 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 28 29 53 71 45 32 16 13 35.9 ORGANISMS/10H3 25 26 47 63 40 28 14 12 31 '

TOTAL TAXA 2 4 6 8 4 5 3 2 4

92 Table C-12. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, April 1974.

DATE 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 25 APR STARTING TIME 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 VOI . PILTBRED(Y3) 11.30 11 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH SURFACE SU RPACB SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO HBAN 4 TOTAL NLHATODA 1 1 0 2 3 2 0 0 1.1 1.7 NAIDIDAE 1 7 0 4 3 2 4 0 2.6 3.9 TUEIFICIDM 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.4 0 '

BYDRACARINA 15 12 0 6 9 0 3 0 5.6 8.3 COLLEKDOLA 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.4 0.6 BPtlEt<BRIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0.2 EPBENERBLLIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 DAETIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.3 0.4 BEPTAGENI IDAE 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 1.0 l. 5 PSYCBONYIIDAE 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 BYDFOPSYCB IDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 HYDROPIILIDAE 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0.8 1~1 ELl>IDAE 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 1 1.1 1.7 ELt)IDAL (ALULTS) 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.4 0.6 BYiPIDIDAE 4 4 0 2 0 0 1 0 1.4 2.0 CB I ROttCN ID A L 23 54 54 91 73 36 61 24 52.0 76.6 CBIRONONIDAF. (PUPAF) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.3 0.4 TOTAI ORGANISt'S/SAMPLE OPGAN I St'S/10N3 45 40 80 71 61 54 ill 98 90 80 49 43 78 69 29 26 67.9 60.1

'TO'I'AL TAXA 6 7 5 6 6 6 9 4 6 FILTERED(t!3)

DATE: 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 24 APR 25 APR STARTING 'I'I)IB 06GO 09GO 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 VOI . 1.1. 30 11 ~ 30 11. 30 . 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPTH B OPTO) 1 BOFIOY. ECTTOY ~ BOITON 8(YITOM BO'ITON BO'ITON BOTTOM NO. NO, NO. NO, NO, NO. NO, tlEAN 4 TOTAL NEt!ATODA 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 1 NAIDIDAE 9 3 I 11 7 10 1 4 5.8 5.2 TOSIFICIDAE 0 0 0 1 1 4 0 1.0 0. 9 AB&BIPODA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 0.1 BYDRACARINA 3 18 18 6 39 0 3 11. 3 10. 2 EPBEHEROPI'ERA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 0. 1 CAEN IDAE 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.4 0. 3 EPBENERELLIDAE 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 BAET I DM 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0.4 0. 3 BEPTAGENIIDAE 3 0 0 0 1 2 8 1.8 1.6 PSYCBONYI IDAE 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 2 BYDROPSYCBIDAE'YDROPTILIDM 1 1 3 13 1 3 1 3.1 2.8 0 3 0 0 0 3 3 1.1 1.0 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.4 0.3 ELNIDAE 0 6 0 0 3 0 1 1.3 1.1 BIN IDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ 5 0. 5 PS YCH0DIDM 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.4 0. 3 EHPIDIDAE 1 4 1 4 0 4 4 2.8 2.5 CH IRONONIDM 94 73 73 79 92 104 64 42 77.6 70. 5 I

CB RONCNI DAB (PUPAE) 1 0 0 0 5 3 0 3 1.5 l. 4 TOTAL ORGANISMS/Sht'IPLE 115 108 97 105 132 163 88 73 110.1 ORGAN I SYS/1 Otl 3 102 96 86 93 117 144 78 65 97o5 TOTAL TAXA 8 7 6 7 9 9 12 11 9

93 Table C-13. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, May 1974.

DATE 28 HAY 28 HAY 28 HAY 28 HAY 28 HAY 28 MAY 28 MAY 29 MAY STARTING TIME 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 N VOL. PILTERED(M3) 11. 30, 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11 ~ 30 11.30 11.30 11 ~ 30 DEPTH SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACB SURPACE SURFACE NO NO, NO. NO, NO NO NO NO MEAN t TOTAL NAIDIDAE 47 61 67 32 52 74 116 85 66.8 36e6 HYDRACARINA BAETIDAE HEPTAGENIIDAE ll0 6

16 0

6 10 0

1 1

4 3

3 9

1 16 0

6 37 35 0 0 15 25 0+5 14.8 10.4 0+3 8~1 5.7 MEGALOPTERA 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0,8 0.4 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0.8 0.4 ELMIDM (ADULTS) "0 PSYCBODIDAE SIHULIIDAE 0

3 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0, 0

0 0

0 1

0 1

0 0

3 0

2 1 0.1 0,4 0.9 0.1 Oo2

0. 5 EHPIDIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0.5 "Oe3 CM IRONOMIDAE 89 78 90 52 68 82 128 75 82' 45.3 CBIRONOHI DAB (PUPAE) 4 0 2 0 9 9 7 1 4 ' 2~2 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 163 . 161 171 95 143 188 332 207 "182 '

ORGAN I SHS/10M3 144 142 151 84 127 166 294 183 161+5 TOTAI TAXA 7 4 6 6 7 6 8 8 7 DATE 28 HAY 28 NAY 28 MAY 28 MAY 28 MAY 28 HAY 28 MAY 29 HAY STARTING TIME 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 VOL. FILTERED (H3) 11.30 11 30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11 ~ 30 11. 30 DE ITH BOSTON BOITOM BOTTOM BUTTON BOTTOM BOITOM BOTTOM BOI'TOM TAXA NO. NO NO+ . NO. NO, NO, NO. NO. MEAN t TOTAL NEHATODA NAIDIDM 121 0

101 3 0 90 137 0

137 0 0 0 3 0 ' 0.3 59 87 86 102.3 36. 3 TUBIPICIDAE 2 0 0 0 0 0.9 0. 3 ISOPODA BYDRACARINA 18 0 0 0

0 7

0 3

0 1

0 3

0 0

0 4

0 3

0.4 4 ~ 3

'.1 1.5 COLLEHBOLA 3 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 1.1 0.4 CAEN IDAE 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 BAETIDAE 17 18 22 13 10 26 47 50 25.4 9.0 BEPTAGENI IDAE 6 3 6 6 2 21 13 40 12 ~ 1 4. 3 HYDROPSYCBIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0.5 Oo2 ELMIDAE 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.8 0~ 3 ELHIDAE (ADULTS) 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 11 1.9 Oe7 SIMULIIDAE 3 0 3 0 3 4 4 9 3~3 1.2 SIHULI IDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0~1 0.0 EHPIDIDAE 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 0.9 0.3 CHIRONOHIDAE 130 99 117 123 104 118 121 160 121 ~ 5 43.2 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 7 6 2 5 2 4 7 7 5~0 1~8 TOTAI ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 310 236 250 291 264 246 280 374 281.4 ORGAN I SMS/10M3 274 209 221 258 234 218 248 331 249 ~ 0 TOTAL TAXA 10 8 8 8 8 11 7 11 9

Table C-14. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, June 1973.

DATE 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN STARTING TIHE 1030 1330 1630 1930 2230 0130 0430 0730 VOL PILTERED(H3) 6.30 6. 30 6+30 6.30 6.30 6.30 6;30 6.30 DEPTH SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE NO+ NO, NO. ' NO NO NO. NO. I TOTAL NEHATODA 0 1 0 9 e 1 0 0 1.4 0.8 NAIDIDAE 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 0.9 0.5 HIRUDINEA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 ISOPODA 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 HYDRACARINA 0 7 1 4 3 0 2 0 2.1 1.2 COLLEHBOLA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 0. 1 EPHEHEROPTERA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 EPHENERIDAE 5 8 8 10 33 37 26 15 17.8 9.7 CAEN IDAE 5 10 15 24 15 43 49 22 22. 9 12.5 BAETIDAE 8 2 6 7 28 21 7 1 10. 0 5.5 HEPTAGENIIDAE 5 5 8 14 17 15 17 5 10.8 5.9 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0.1 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 33 78 80 167 57 47 84 71 77 ~ 1 42. 2 IEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0.1 ELM IDAE 0 1 0 2 2 4 0 2 1.4 0 8 ELHIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 5 4 0 0 1.1 0.6 SIHULI IDAE 8 6 9 8 8 11 12 8.3 4 '

CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 0 0 15 5 0 0 2.5 1 4 CHIRONOHIDAE 18 17 33 39 17 15 20 19 22 ~ 3 12.2 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 1 1 2 3 0 0 16 6 3.6 2.0 TOTAI ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 85 137 163 280 211 205 233 148 182.8 ORGANISMS/10M3 135 217 259 444 335 325 370 235 290.1 TOTAI TAXA 10 12 10 12 14 13 9 11 11 DATE 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN STARI'ING TINE 1030 13 30 1630 1930 2230 0130 0430 0730 VOL ~ PILTERED (H3)

DEPTH 6.30 BOTTOM

6. 30 BOTTOM 6 '0 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTl'OH 6.30 BOTTOM TAXA NO ~ NO, NO. NO, NO NO, NO ~ NO ~ 4 TOTAL NENATODA 0 ~

1 2 7 5 0 0 0 1.9 Oe7 MAID IDAE 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 1 0.9 0.3 TUBIFICIDAE 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 HIRUDINEA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0~1 0.0 ISOPODA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0.0 HYDRACARINA COLLEMBOLA 1 11 0 I

4 4 4 8 3 4 4 l. 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 0 EPBEHERIDAE 13 5 16 18 82 43 45 39 32.6 12.0 CAEN IDAE 6 5 37 33 97 42 74 45 42 ~ 4 15. 6 BAETIDAE 3 6 8 9 67 18 15 6 16.5 6.1 HEPTAGENI IDAE 5 2 12 8 43 28 22 25 18.1 6.7 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0' 0. 1" HYDROPSYCHIDAE 34 48 115 167 154 76 90 110 9n.3 36.4 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0.6 0. 2 HALIPLIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.0 EIHIDAE 3 3 1 1 6 ~,3 0 0 2+i 0.8 ELM IDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 1 5 2 0 0 1.0 0. 4 SIHULIIDAE 6 5 7 15 23 16 11 12 11.9 4 '

CERATOPCGONIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0. 0 CH IRONOHIDAE 15 2I 44 45 47 32 34 39 35.4 13. 0 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 2 0 1 3 7 5 6 9 4.1 1.5 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 88 116 249 313 546 270 308 289 272.4 ORGANISMS/10M3 140 184 395 4 97. 867 429 489 459 432 ~ 3 TOTAI TAXA 10 13 14 14 17 12 11 10 13

Table C-15. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 2) collected during diel pumping at Pails on the Susquehanna River, June 1973.

DATE 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN STARTING TIME 1030 1330 1930 2230 0130 0430  % 0730 VOL FILTEREDtM3) 6.30 SURPACE 6+30 SURFACE 6 '0 SURFACE 6.30 SURFACE 6.30 SURPACE 6.30 SURPACE 6.30 SURPACE DEPTH TAXA NOo NO. NO+ NO. NO. NO.

MAID IDAE 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 1.4 0.8 H I RU D I N EA 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.3 0.2 H'YDRACARINA 3 0 9 6 0 0 0 2.6 1.5 PERLIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0.6 0.3 EPHEMERIDAE 4 1 0 42 15 81 7 21 ~ 4 12.1 CAEN I DAB 12 9 0 9 6 52 10 14 a0 7.9 EPHEMERELLIDAE 0 9 0 12 8 0 0 4,1 273 LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~1 0.1 BAETIDAB 1 ~ 12 7 30 7 13 0 10. 0 5' HEPTAGENIIDAE 9 15 16 18 10 35 3 15.1 8+6 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 48 90 139 72 18 80 74 74+4 42 ~ 2 HYDROPTILIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 Os2 ELMIDAE 0 0 3 0 6 2 1 1.7 1.0 ELNIDAE {ADULTS) 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0.6 Oo3 SIMULIIDAE 3 6 8 3 15 14 3 7 ~4 4,2 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ' 0.1 CHIRONOMIDAE 15 14 17 6 15 43 25 19. 3 10 ~ 9 CH IRONOMIDAB (PUPAE) 0 3 0 3 3 8 3 2.9 I ~ 6 TOTAI ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 106 165 199 201 105 333 127 176. 6 ORGAN I SFS/ION 3 168 262 316 319 167 529 202 245.2 TOTAL TAXA 11 11 7 10 11 14 9 10 DATE 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 12 JUN 13 JUN 13 JUN STARTING; ME 1030 13 30 1630 1930 2230 0130 0730 VOI ~ FI Le XSED {M3)

DEPTH 6 '0 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTTOM 6 ~ 30 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTTOM 6.30 BOTIOM 6.30 BOTTOM TAXA NO. NO ~ NO. NO. TOTAL NEMATODA 0 0 0 0 1 15 0 2 ' 0.9 NAIDIDAE 0 5 0 3 0 1 0 1.3 0.5 HIRUDINEA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0~1 0.1 HYDRACARINA 0 9 3 6 3 6 0 3+9 lo6 COLLEMBOLA 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0,4 0.2 PERLIDAE 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 Oo6 Oe2 EPHEMERIDAE 17 28 6 23 32 54 24 26<3 10. 6 CAEN IDAE 18 30 1 18 32 39 33 24.4 9.9 EPH EMERELLIDAE 0 3" 0 1 1 5 3 1.9 Oo7 BAST IDAE 4 9 3 9 25 26 6 llo7 4s7 HEPTAGENI IDAE 1 12 1 15 19 34 30 16 ~ 0 6.5 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 70 103 52 181 79 63 119 95 ~ 3 38o5 HYDROPTILIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0,4 0.2 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 1 3 3 0 9 0 2.3 Oe9 COLEOPTERA 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0.6 0+2 ELMIDAE 0 0 0 0 16 5 0 3.0 1.2 HIMIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 1.7 0 '

SIMULIIPAE 3 15 9 10 22 10 14 11.9 4.8 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 0 0 4 1 3 1.1 0~ 5 CH IRONOMIDAE 38 74 17 42 '34 31 41 39+6 16.0 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 4 8 1 eo 2 5 1 3.0 1.2 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 155 300 100 311 27'I 317 274 247 7 ORGAN I SMS/1 0M 3 246 476 159 494 440 503 435 313.0 TOTAL TAXA 8 13 12 11 16 18 10 13

96 Table C-16. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during diel pumping at Pails on the Susquehanna River, July 1973.

DATE 27 JUL, ='27 JUI 27 JUL 27 JUL 28 JUI 28 JUI 28 JUL 28 JUL STARTING TIME 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 1200 VCR PILTERED(M3)

DEPTH 11.30 SURFACE 11.30 SURFACE 11.30 SURFACE

11. 30 SURFACE

11. 30 SURFACE

11. 30 SURPACE

11. 30 SURFACE ll.

SURFACE 30 NO NO ~ NO NO ~ NO. MEAN 8 TOTAL NEMATODA 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 MAID IDAE 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1.1 0 TUBI FICIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.8 3'.2 AMPH IPODA 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.4 0.1 BYDRACARINA 6 3 3 0 0 3 6 2.6 0 8~

COLLEHBOLA 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.2 PLECOPTERA 0 0. 0 0 3 3 0 0.8 0.2 PERLIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0. 0 EPBEMERIDAE 3 0 9 7 0 0 0 2.4 0~ 7 CAEN IDAE 15 0 30 35 20 51 0 18 21. 1 6.2 BAETIDAB 0 0 5 6 6 10 3 6 5 1.3 HEPTAGENI IDAE 0 3 5 3 9 35 0 6 7.6 2~ 2 ODONATA 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0.8 0.2 PS YCB OM 7 I ID M 0 0 1 0 0 4 1 0 0+8 0. 2 BYDROPSYCHIDAE 15 9 44 10 17 21 0 30 18. 3 5. 4 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0.5 0.1 ELM IDAE 3 16 32 40 23 0 0 15 16.1 4.7 ELMIDAE (ADULTS) 0 3 2 8 1 ~ 0 0 0 1.8 0.5 TIPUIIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.0 SIMULIIDAE 7 18 16 13 1 12 ' 38 13. 5 4 0 EMPIDIDM 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.2 CERATOPOGONIDM 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0. 2 CHIRONONIDM 256 353 232 159 85 300 41 332 219 8 64+ 5 CBIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 1 0 12 23 34 95 12 25 25.3 7 4 TOTAL ORCAN I SMS/SAMPLE 309 408 403 315 202 542 66 480 340.6 ORGAN I SMS/10M3 273 361 351 279 179 480 58, 425 301.4 TOTAL TAXA 9 8 16 15 11 12 7 11 11 DATE 21 JUI 27 JUL 27 JUL 27 JUI 28 JUL 28 JUL 28 JUL 28 JUL STARTING TIME 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 1200 VCR FILTERED(M3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11 ~ 30 11. 30 1 le 30 11. 30 DEPTH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTYOH BOTTOM TAXA NO. NO+ NO. NO. NO. NO, NO. MEAN 8 TOTAL NEMATODA 3 0 6 0 0 0 3 0 1.5 0.4 MAID IDAE 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 0. 4 TUBI FICIDAE 1 0 3 3 0 1 0 l. 5 0~ 4 AMPBIPODA 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0~ 1 BYDRACARINA 0 0 0 3 0 0 6 3 1.5 0.4 PERLIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 0 E PB EM E RCPT ERA 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0.1 EPBEMERIDAE 0 0 0 3 3 0 6 0 1.5 0. 4 CAENIDAE 6 9 57 60 60 9 12 0 26.6 6,4 BAETIDAB 0 9 7 16 11 7 7 0 7.1 1.1 B E PTAG EN I I DAB 0 9 25 34 22 3 0 6 12. 4 3~0 ODONATA 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 w 0 0.4 0.1 PSYCBOMYI IDM 0 0 0 1 4 2 12 0 2.4 0.6 HYDROPSYCBIDAE 24 42 99 26 20 6 15 9 30. 1 7.2 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.2 ELM ID AE 10 111 77 74 53 3 21 3 44.0 10+ 5 ELM IDM (ADULTS) 0 0 6 1 3 0 0 0 1.3 0. 3 SIMULIIDAE 9 9 32 27 19 19 16 16 18.4 4,4 CERATOPOGON I DAB 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.4 0. 1 CBIRONOMIDAE 184 441 375 234 163 35 302 130 233.0 55.7 CH IRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 4 13 42 65 55 24 50 10 32 ' 7.9 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE ORCANI SNS/10M3 256 227 643 569 733 649 554 490 416 368 ill 98 454 402 177 157 4 18 ~ 0 369.9 TOTAL TAXA 10 8 13 14 12 10 13 7 ~ 11

97 Table C-17. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples {replicate 2) collected duri.ng dial pumping'at Falls on the Susquehanna River, July 1973.

27 JUL 27 JUL 27 JUL 27 JUI 28 JUL 28 JUL 28 JUL 28 JUI DATE STARTING TINE 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 1200 VOL. FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11 ~ 30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPI'H SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE 'URPACE NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. HEAR 4 TOTAL NAIDI DAB 0 3 0 0 0 13 4 0 2.5 1.2 HYDRACARINA 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.2 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 0.8 0' PERLIDAE 0.6 0+3 EPHEHERIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 CAEN ID AE 0 7 8 14 23 28 4 3 10.9 5~2 EPHEHERELLID>E 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.5 0.2 BAETIDAE 0 3 3 0 5 10 12 7 5.0 2~4 I

H E PTAG EN ID AE 0 3 15 14 14 5 15 3 8.6 4. 1 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0.8 0~4 PSYCHOMYI IDAE 1 0 0 0 1 4 0 3 1.1 0. 5 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 6 12 7 15 4 6 17 16 10.4 5.0 HYDROPTILIDAE 0 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 1.0 0.5 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 9 6 0 0 0' 0 1.9 Oa9 ELHIDAE 0 17 17 22 9 17 22 13. 8 6 ~ 6.

EDNIDAE {ADULTS) 0 0 2 5 1 0 0 0 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 TIPULIDAE SIHULIIDM 0

3 0

4 16 119 0

101 1

8 47 0

9 128 0

4 119 0

9 ll 197 0

8.0 122.8 3+8 58.8 HI RON ID A E 70 201 C OH CHIRONOHI DAE (PUPAE) 4- 0 17 20 18 71 13 8 18 ' 9.0 TOTAL ORGANISPS/SAHPLE 87 250 224 207 134 293 203 273 208.9 ORGAN I SHS/10N3 77 221 198 183 119 259 180 242 184.8 TOTAL TAXA 6 8 13 11 13 13 11 10 11 DATE 27 JUL 27 JUL 27 JUL 27 JUL 28 JUL 28 JUL 28 JUL 28 JUL 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 1200 STARTING TINE VOL. FILTERED{H3) 1500

11. 30 1800 11 ~ 30 11. 30 11. 30 lie 30 11.30 11.30 BO'ITOH 11 '0 BOPTOH DEPTH BOTTON BOTTOH BOTIOH BOTION BOITOH BOITOH NO. NO NO NO. NO ~ NO. HEAN 1 TOTAL NAIDIDAE HYDRACARINA 3

3 0

6 8

3 ll0 0 7 6 0 0 0 0 3

4.4 1.9 1'1 0 5 EPHENERIDAE 0 6 6 3 0 3 3 0 2.6 0. 7 CAEN I DAB 9 15 74 28 26 21 6 4 22 ' 5.9 EPHEHERELIIDAE 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 1.3 0~3 BAETIDAE 1 6 15 18 16 6 6 6 9 ' 2.4 HEPTAGEN I IDAE 6 7 41 28 36 2 12 0 16.5 4~3 PSYCHOHYI IDAE 1 3 6 2 7 5 5 1 3 ' 1.0 HYDROPSYCHIDM 27 30 81 14 7 12 9 9 23.6 6.1 HYDROPTIIIDAE 0 1 15 3 0 3 0 0 2 8 0.7 ELHIDM 18 53 133 33 17 6 21 4 35 6 9.2 ELHIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 5 7 4 0 0 0 2.0 0.5 SIN ULI IDAE 17 14 53 24 32 2 25 8 21 9 5.6 SIHULI IDAE [PUPAE) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.0 EHPIDIDAE 3 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.9 0.2 CERATOPOGGN IBM 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0. 1 CHIRONOHIDAE 160 293 462 177 197 126 142 99 207. 0 53 ~ 4 CN IRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 5 10 52 47 63 30 36 6 31.1 8.0 TOTAL ORGAN ISNS/SAHPLE 253 450 959 402 412 222 265 140 387. 9 ORGANI SHS/10H3 224 398 849 356 365 196 235 124 343 '

TOTAL TAXA 12 14 16 15 11 12 10 9 12

98 Table C-18. Number, mean, and percent total oi prifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, August 1973.

DATE 22 AUG 22 AUG 22 AUG 22 AUG 23 AUG STARTING TINE 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 VOL. PILTERED(H3)

DEPTH 11.30 SURFACE lle30 SURFACE 11.

SURPACE 30 11.

SURFACE 30 11 SURFACE

'0 TAXA NO, NO. NOe NO, HEAN 6 TOTAL NEHATODA 0 3 0 0 0 Oe6 0.3 NAIDIDAB 0 0 1 6 0 1.4 0+6 HYDRACARINA 0 6 0 3 3 2+4 1.0 PERLIDAE 0 0 0 2 1 Oo6 0' CAEN IDAE 0 7.6 BAETIDAE 4 7 11 16 3.3 5 23 19 34 64 29.0 12. 4 I(EPTAGEN I IDAE 6 18 10 20 39 18.6 8eo ODONATA 0 0 0 0 3 0.6 0.3 PSYCHOHYI IDAE 0 3 1 0 13 3+4 1.5 HYDROPSYCH IDAE 52 }18 71 75 60 75.2 32 ~ 2 ELM IDAE 0 1 1.6 ELMIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 7 0.7 0 0 0 5 3 1.6 0.7 SIHULI IDAE 0 20 15 16 20 14 ~ 2 6 '

ENPIDIDAE 1 3 3 0 0 1.4 0.6 CERATOPOGONIDAE 3 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.3 CH I RONOH IDEE 24 70 38 95 83 CH I RONOHI DAB (PUPAE) 62e0 26.6 8 13 26 8 7 12.4 Se3 TOTAI ORGANISHS/SAHPI,E 99 282 191 275 319 2 33 0 2 OPGANI SHS/10H3 88 250 169 243 282 172.0 TO'IAL TAXA 7 12 10 11 13 11 DATE 22 AUG 22 AUG 22 AUG 22 AUG 23 AUG STARTING TINE 14 00 1700 2000 2300 0200 VOI FILTERED(N3)

DEPTH 11,30 11, 30 11.30 lie 30 11. 30 BUTTON BOITON BOTTOH BUTTON BOITOM TAXA NO+ NO NOe NEAN \ TOTAL NENATODA 3 0 0 0 0.6 0,2 NAIDIDAE 0 6 0 0 1~8 Oa5 TUBI FICIDAE 1 0 0 2 0~8 0~2 HYDRACARINA 2 6 3 3 3 3e4 1.0 PLECOPTERA 0 0 3 0 0 0.6 0~2 PERI,IDAE 0 0 0 1 1 0~4 0.1 CAENIDAE 12 18 4 9 29 14 e4 4.3 BAETIDAE 28 16 55 77 125 60 ~ 2 17. 9 HEPTAGENI IDAE 9 21 32 20 25 21. 4 6.4 ODONATA 0 0 1 0 0 0.2 0.1 PS YCH CHYI I DAB 1 26 6 0 18 10.2 3e0

~ HYDROPSYCHIDAE 96 68 116 49 94 84.6 25m 1 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 6 0 1.2 0+4 COLEOPTERA 0 0 0 1 0 0.2 Owl ELH ID AE 4 0 0 11 4 3+8 1.1 ELHIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 1 2 1 Oe8 0~ 2 SIHULIIDAE 2 6 13 23 20 12.8 3a8 EHPIDIDAE CHIRONOHIDAE 130 0

74 1

106 0

66 0 3 0' 0 '

149 105+0 31.2 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 15 13 22 6 12 13. 6 4 0 TOTAL ORGANISHS/SAHPLE 303 253 368 274 486 336.8 ORGANI SNS/1083 268 224 326 242 430 248 e4 TOTAL TAXA 12 12 13 13 14 13

99 Table C-19. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate(2) collected during dial pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, August 1973.

DATE 22 AUG 22 AUG 22 AUG 22 AUG 23 AUG STARTING TIME 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 VOL. FILTERED (M3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE TAXA NO NO+ NO NO. NO, MEAN \ TOTAL NAIDIDAE 0 0 0 0 3 0.6 Oe2 HYDRACARINA 5 9 3 6 0 4.6 1.7 COLLEMBOLA 0 0 3 0 0 0 6 0.2 EPHEHERIDAE 0 0 3 0 3 1.2 0 4 CAENIDAE 1 3 3 5 4 3~2 1.2 EPHENERELLIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0+2 0.1 BAETIDAE 14 ,16 47 60 52 37 8 13. 9 HEPTAGENI IDAE 13 15 27 29 14 19.6 7~2 COENAGRIONIDAE 0 0 0 0 3 0.6 0.2 PSYCHOMYI IDAE 3 0 0 4 3 2.0 0.7 HYDROPSYCH IDAE 107 77 130 84 54 90.4 33.4 HYDROPTII IDAE '2 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 LEPTOCER/DAE 1 1 3 0 0 1.0 0.4 ELM IDAE 1 3 0 6 3 2.6 1.0 ELMIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 2 1 0~6 0 2 SIMULIIDAE 7 3 12 11 17 10.0 3 '

I EMP ID DAB, 1 0 0 0 '0 0.2 0.1 CH I RONOMIDAE 131 48 65 71 56 74 ' 27. 4 CHI RONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 15 4 52 16 19 21.2 7.8 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 301 179 348 294 233 271. 0 308 260 206 199 ~ 9 ORGANISMS/10M3 TOTAI TAXA 266 13 158 10 11 ll 14 12 DATE 22 AUG 22 AUG 22 AUG 22 AUG 23 AUG STARTING TINE 1400 170 0 2000 2300 0200 VOLe FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 BOTTOM "11.30 BOTTOM 11 BOTTOM

'0 lie 30 BOTTOM

11. 30 BOTTOM DEPTH TAXA NO ~ NOe NO ~ NO, NO, MEAN 1 TOTAL NEMATODA 0 0 0 0 3 0.6 0+2 NAIDIDAE. 4 0 0 0 0 0.8 0~ 3 HYDRACARINA 18 9 6 3 3 7.8 2.5 CAENIDAE 1 4 3 6 3 3I4 l. 1 EPHEMERELLIDAE 0 0 0 0 3 0 ' Oe2 BAETIDAE 26 16 33 51 82 41,6 13e4 HEPTAGENI IDAE 49 24 26 18 21 27e6 So9 PSYCHOMYI IDAE 0 11 0 5 6 4 ~4 l. 4 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 170 88 55 45 73 86.2 27.9 HYDROPTI LIDAE 3 0 3 0 3 1~8 0.6 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 3 le 8 0.6 EIBIDAE 9 6 4 3 4.6 1.5 ELM IDAE (ADDITS) 0 0 0 U

1.4 0. 5 SIMULIIDAE 39 1 5 16 17 15.6 SIO CH I RONOM ID A E 224 57 56 51 93 96e2 31,1 CHI RONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 32 3 25 10 15o0 4o8 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 575 219 216 212 325 309 e4 ORGAN I SMS/10N3 509 194 191 188 288 228.2 TOTAI TAXA 11 10 10 12 15 12

100 Table C-20. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during dial pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, September 1973.

DATE 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 23 SEP 23 SEP STARTING TIME 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOI . FILTERED (H3)

DEPTH

11. 30 SURFACE ll.30 SURFACE

11. 30 SURFACE ll.+ 30 SURFACE 11.30 SURFACE

11. 30 SURFACE llr30 SURFACE 11 '0 SURFACE TAXA NO. NOe NO. NOo NO. NO. NO. MEAN 4 TOTAL NAIDIDAE 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 BYDRACARINA 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 n.8 EPBEMEROPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 3 12 3 2 3

'EPBEMERIDAE 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0.5 CAENIDAE 12 15 6 16 6 0 1 0 7 ~0 BAETIDAB 2 9 3 4 29 20 25 17 13.6 BEPTAGENI IDAE 3 1 6 0 14 33 34 44 16.9 PSYCBOHYIIDAE 0 9 5 8 0 0 0 0 2.8 BYDROPSYCBIDAE 25 9 16 9 22 23 49 28 22.6 ELMIDAE 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 S IMULIIDAE 0 3 0 0 1 3 1 2 1.3 CB IRONOMIDAB 40 51 44 61 34 39 45 54 46.0 CBIRONONIDAE (PUPAE) 6 6 9 8 4 7 6 7 6.6 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 94 107 93 109 110 129 173 155 121+3 ORGAN I SMS/10M3 83 95 82 96 97 114 153 137 107 ~ 3 TOTAL TAXA 8 10 9 7 7 8 8 7 8 DATE 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 23 SEP 23 SEP STARI'ING TIME 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11 + 30 DEPTH BOTTOH BOTTOM BOITOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTIOH BOTTOM BOTTOM NO, NO. NO NO. NO, NO. NO. NO NEAR t TOTAL TUBIFICIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 1 BYDRACARINA 3 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 1~1 0. 5 PERLIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Owl 0.1 EPBEtlEROPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 40 9 0 6.1 2.7 EPBEMERIDAE 0 0 0 3 1 0 0"

0 0 0.5 0. 2 CAENIDAE 48 3 7 30 21 0 0 13.6 6.0 LEPTOPBIEBIIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0. 1 BAETIDAE 23 13 7 3 61 64 51 11 29.1 12.8 BEPPAGENI IDAE 9 12 21 31 27 24 69 12 25.6 11. 3 PSYCBOMYI IDAE 1 1 16 15 1 4 1 0 4.9 2.1 HYDROPSYCBIDAE 22 20 29 63 61 31 60 12 37 ' 16.4 LEPTOCERIDAE 6 0 0 6 1 1 0 0 1.8 0.8 EIM I DAE 0 6 3 2 0 1 7 0 2.4 1 0 ELM IDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0.'8 0.3 SIMULIIDAE 3 0 0 4 0 1 2 3 1.6 0.7 EMPIDIDAB 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 0.8 0. 3 CHIRONQMIDAE 130 48 82 176 118 97 70 32 94 ' 41. 3 CBIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 14 10 13 2 8 7 1 7 7 8 3. 4 TOTAL ORGANISMS'S/SAMPLE 259 113 182 338 304 274 272 80 227. 8 ORGANISYS/IOM3 229 100 161 299 269 242 241 71 201. 5 TOTAL TAXA 10 8 10 12 11 12 11 7 iO

Table C-21. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 2) collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susguehanna River, September 1973.

DATE 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 23 SEP 23 SEP STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED(M3) 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE TAXA NO>> NO ~ . NO, NO>> NO. NO, NO NO ~ MEAN 8 TOTAL NENATODA 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 NAIDIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 HYDRACARINA 2 0 0 0 6 . 0 0 0 1.0 1 0 CAENIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 BAET I DAB , 12 0 4 5 35 3 21 11 11.4 10. 9 HEPTAGENI IDAE 15 31 13 10 49 3 25 13 19.9 19 '

PSYCBOMYI IDAE 7 1 0 3 5 0 0 0 2>>0 l. 9 HYDROPSYCBIDAE 27 26 17 11 41 7 28 25 22. 8 21. 7 HYDROPTILIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0.1 LEPTOCERIDAE 2 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 ELMIDAE 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~4 0.

SIHULIIDAE 3 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 1.1 4'.1 I

CB RONOH IDAE 55 50 61 22 94 4 26 14 40,8 38.9 CH IRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 4 10 4 3 4 0 0 3 3;5 3 3 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 131 124 99 54 247 17 100 66 104.8 ORGANISM>>S/10H3 116 110 88 48 219 15 88 58 92.7 TOTAI TAXA 11 8 5 6 10 4 4 5 DATE 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 22 SEP 23 SEP 23 SEP STARI'ING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL>> FILTERED(H3) 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPTH BOZTOM BOITOM BOTIOM BOFTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTIOM SOTTO)l TAXA NO. NO. NO>> NO. NO>> NO. NO, NO, MEAN 0 TOTAL NEMATODA 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0~ 3

l. 4 0,

HYDRACARINA 0 3 9 0 3 0 0 0 1~ 9 PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.4 0.3 PERLIDAE 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.3 EPHEMERIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0~4 0. 3 CAEN IDAE 6 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 5 1.1 BAETIDAE 17 6 12 6 48 44 14 8 19.4 14 1 HEPTAGENI IDAE 27 16 38 68 49 30 39 37 38>>0 27 ~ 7 PSYCHOMYI IDAE 7 0 0 0 1 7 1 0 2.0 l. 5 BYDROPSYCHIDAE 13 29 30 35 17 8 26 35 24 1 17. 6 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~4 0~3 EIMIDAE ELHIDAE (ADULTS) 0, 0

1 0

0 0

3 0

0 1

0 0

0 0

0 0

0.5 0.1 0,4

0. 1 SIMULIIDAE 2 0 0 3 1 1 1 2, 1.3 0.9 CBIRONOMIDAE 37 35 57 68 46 24 24 40 41.4 30. 1 CH IRONOMIDAB (PUPAE) 6 7 9 9 3 2 0 6 5 ' 3.8 TOTAL ORGANISHS/SAMPLE 118 103 158 195 169 119 108 128 137. 3 ORGANISMS/10M3 104 91 140 173 150 105 96 113 121. 5 TOTAL TAXA 9 9 7 8 9 8 7 6 8

I 102 Table C-22. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during dial pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, October 1973.

DATC 13 OCT ).3 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 14 OCF 14 OCT STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO, NO HEAN 8 TOTAL NEHATODA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0~1 0.2 NAIDIDAC 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0.3 0~ 5 HYDRACARINA 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0.6 lol PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 1 0 ~ 0 0 Q.l 0 2 EPBCHEROPTERA 3 3 1 7 2 0 3 2.4 4 ~ 3 BAETIDAE 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0.6 1.1 HCPTAGENIIDAE 5 9 13 32 8 16 6 11 ' 21. 1 PSYCRONYIIDAE 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 Oo5 0.9 HYDROPSYCHIDM 7 21 27 24 12 15 8 14 ~ 9 27 2 LCPTOCERIDM 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0.8 1.4 8 Lkl ID M 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 ' 0.5 SIHULIIDAC 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.5 0 '

EHPIDIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 2 CERATOPOGONIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 CHI RONOHIDAE 28 53 30, 8 15 17 8 20.9 38 2 CHIRONONIDAE (PUPAE) 3 2 3'1 0 0 0 0 1 0 i+8 TOTAL ORGANISHS/SAHPLE 48 17 92 83 40 49 27 54.6 ORGANISHS/10H3 42 15 81 72 73 35 43 24 48.3 TOTAL TAXA 7 4 9 9 10 6 4 5 7 DATE 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 14 OCT 14 OCT STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED(H3).

DEPTH

11. 30 BUTTON 11.30 BOITOH

11. 30 BUTTON 11,30 BOTTOH

11. 30 BOITOH 11;30 BOTIOH Ii+30 BOYTOH 11 '0 BUTTON TAXA NO NOe NO ~ NOr NOo- NO ~ NOe BEAN 8 TOTAL NEHATODA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.3 0.3 NAIDIDAE 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 Oo6 Oo6 TUB I PIC IDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Owl 0.1 BYDRACARINA 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 1 0~ 9 0 '

PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 ' 0.6 EPHEHCROPTERA 1 5 0 1 10 6 12 16 6+4 6~5 CPHEHERIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0~ 1 0~1 CACNIDAE 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0~4 Oe4 BACTIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 lol 1.1 BEPTAGCNIIDAE 14 3 15 17 16 21 21 15 15. 3 15 ~ 5 PSYCHOHYI IDAE 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0~8 0.8 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 19 13 15 35 40 34 25 29 26 ~ 3 26 '

LEPTOCERIDAE 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 ' 0.6 EIBIDAE 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.5 Oe5 S'(HOLI IDAE 0 0 1 1 '0 1 1 2 '0 ~ 8 0~ 8 EHPIDIDAE 2 1 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 CHIRONOHIDAE 23. 32 47 83 29 24 14 57 38e6 39+ 3 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 11 7 6 6 2 0 1 4 4.6 4 ~ 7 TOTAL ORGANISHS/SAHPLE 74 66 87 148 104 96 81 130 98.3 ORGANI SHE/10ll3 65 58 77 131 92 85 72 115 86.9 TOTAL TAXA 9 10 8 10 11 11 11 11 10

I 103 Table C-23. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 2) collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, October 1973.

DATE 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 14 OCT 14 OCT STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED (kl3)

DEPTH 11 30 SURPACE

11. 30 SU RPACE

11. 30 SURFACE 11.30 SURPACE 11.30 SURFACE 11 '0 SURPACE 11.30 SURFACE 11.30 SURFACE NO. NO. NO, NO ~ NO NO NO. HEAN t TOTAL NAIDIDAE 4 1 0 0 4 0 0 1.1 1.8 HYDRACARINA 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0.5 0.8 PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0.2 EPHEIIEROPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 EPHEIIERIDAE 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0.5 0.8 CAENIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 EPHEHERELLIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.3 0 4 BAETIDAE 1 1 0 2 4 2 2 1.5 2.4 HEPTAGENIIDAE 6 6 4 17 47 19 18 15.6 25.2 PSYCBCI)YIIDAE 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0.8 1~2 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 12 8 11 15 32 22 16 15 ~ 6 25.2 LEPTOCERIDM 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0.5 0. 8 ELIIIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 8IHULIIDAE 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0.4 0.6 ENPIDIDAE 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 O.l 0.2 CH I RONOHIDM 23 10 25 56 29 27 5 22.9 36.9 CBIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 2 2 2 4 0 0 1 1.4 2 2 TOTAL ORGAN I SHS/SANP LE 53 32 43 101 120 72 46 29 62.0 ORGANISNS/1083 47 28 38 89 106 64 41 26 54.9 TOTAL TAXA 10 10 5 10 9 6 9 6 8 DATE 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 13 OCT 14 OCT 14 OCT STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL ~ PIL'IBRED (H3) 1 le 30 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 Ii+30 11. 30 lle30 DE PIN BOTT OH BOTTOkl BUTTON B UPTON BUTTON BUTTON B OTTO H BOTTON TAXA NO, NO. NO. NOe NO. 'HO HEAN 8 TOTAL NEHATODA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ' 0.2 NAIDIDAE 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 0 1.0 1.5 HIRUDINEA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Owl Oe2 ANPBIPODA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 0.2 HYDRACARINA 1 2 3 0 0 0 1 0 0.9 1.3 PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0~ 1 0~ 2 EPHEHEROPTERA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 EPHEHERIDAE 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 CAENIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0.4 EPHENERELLIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0.4 0.6 BAETIDAE 1 0 0 0 6 2 4 3 2.0 3.0 H 8 PTAG EN I I DAB 3 8 8 13 22 21 22 20 14.6 21.7 PSYCHOHYI IDM 0 1 2 1 1 2 0 3 1.3 1.9 HYDROPSYCH IDM 9 6 7 17 9 24 21 19 14.0 20' H Y DROPT I I IDAE 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 LEPTOCERI DAB 0 0 3 4 0 1 0 3 1.4 2.0 SIHULIIDAE 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.4'e5 0.6 EHPIDIDAE 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Oe7 CHIRONOHIDAE 10 34 30 65 23 17 17 24 27 5 40. 8 CBIRONONIDAE (PUPAE) ~ 3 5 1 2 1 2 2 1 2.1 3.2 TOTAL ORGAN ISHS/SANPLE 32 60 57 107 65 71 72 75 67 '

ORGAN I SHS/10H3 28 53 50 95 58 63 64- 66 59 e6 TOTAL TAXA 10 10 10 10 9 9 IA 9 10

104 Table C-24. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during dial pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, November 1973.

DATE 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 18 NOV 18 NOV STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. PILTERED(M3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE NO ~ NO. NO. NO NO. NO, NO. NO, MEAN 4 TOTAL NEMATODA 1 '0 0 0 0 3 2'1 NAIDIDAE 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 8.3 TUBIPICIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0~1 10 HYDRACARINA 1 0 1 0 0 0+3 2 1 EPB EMEROPTERA 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 4 2 EPBEMERIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 HEPTAGENI IDAE PSYCHOMYIIDAE 2 1 1 6 1 16 135 BYDROPSYCHIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0.3 2.1 3 7 1 2 2 2.3 18.8 COLEOPTERA 0 0 1 0 0 O. 1 le 0 EMPIDIDAE 1 0 0 1 0 0,4 3~1 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0~1 1~0 CHIRONOMIDAE 14 3 0' 7 5 4.9 40.6 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE ORGAN I SMS/10M3 28 25 11 10 20 14 8 12 '

18 12 7 10.6 TOTAL TAXA 8 3 7 5 3 5 DATE 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 18 NOV 18 NOV STARTING TIME 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED (M3)

DEPTB

11. 30 BOF TOM

11. 30 11.30 BO'ITOM 11 ~ 30 11.30 11.30 lie 30 11.30 BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOITOM BOTTOM BOTTOM TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO NO. NO NO. MEAN 4 TOTAL NEMATODA NAIDIDAE 0 1 0 0 01 12 HYDRACARINA 4 0 0 0 0.5 4+7 1 1 0 0 0 4 3 5 EPHEMEROPTERA 0 2 1 0 0 6 5 9 BAET IDAE HEPTAGENI IDAE 0 0 1 0 0 ' 2 4 HYDROPSYCBIDAE 1 0 2 0 1.1 10.6 EQ) I DAB 2 2 1 0 1.1 10.6 1 0 0 0 . 0~1 1 2 I

S IHUI ID AE 0 0 0 1 0.1 1.2 CHIRONOMIDAE 27 8 5 1 6.3 58.8 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 36 14 14 10 2 10.6 ORGANISMS/1083 32 12 12 9 2 9 4 TOTAL TAXA 6 5 4 5 2 4

105 Table C-25. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 2) collected during dial pumping at Pails on the Susquehanna River, November 1973.

DATE 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 18 NOV 18 NOV STARTING TIME 0900 12001500 1800 2100 2400 ~ 0300 11.30 0600 11.30 VOL. PI LTERED (M3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. MEAN 4 TOTAL NEMATODA NAIDIDAE TUBIPICIDAE BYDRACARINA 1

0 2

0 0

0 0

1 0

0 0

2 0

0 0

0 10320 00431 0

1 0)1 0.5 1 0 4.1 EPBEMERELLIDAE 0 0 0 2 1 0.4 3.1 HEPTAGENI IDAE 2 3 3 2 1 2.4 19 4 PSYCBOMYI IDAE HYDROPSYCBIDAE BYDROPTILIDAE ELMIBM CERATOPOGONIDAE 0

0 0

0 e

0 0

0 1

0 2

1 0

0 1

6 0

0 0

00110 0

0 00110 1

0.1 1.6 01 1.0 13.3 10 CBIRONOMIDAE 5' 7 12 8 3 6.0 49.0 CBIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 0.1 loO TOTAL ORGANISHS/SAMPLE 11 13 20 19 11 8 12 '

ORGANISMS/10M3 10 12 18 17 10 7 10.8 TOTAL TAXA 5 5 ~ 5 5 4 6 5 DATE 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 17 NOV 18 NOV 18 NOV STARI'ING TIME 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOI . FILTERED(M3) 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOITOH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOI'TOM NO, NO. NO NO. , NO. NO. NO. .NO. MEAN \ TOTAL N EMATODA 0 0 0 1 0 4 2~7 NAIDIDAE 1 0 2 2 1.1 8eO BYDRACARINA 0 0 0 0 0.3 1. 8 EPHEHERELLIDAE 0 0 0 0 0.1 Oo9 BAETIDAB 0 0 1 0 0 1

~ Oo9 BEPTAGENI IDAE 1 2 5 3 2.1 15. 0 PSYCBOHYI IDAE 1 0 0 0 0.1 0,9 BYDROPSYCB IDAE 2 6 2 1 1.6 lie 5 HYDROPTILIDAE 1 1 1 0 0.5 3.5 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 1 0 0.1 0. 9 EIMIDM 0 0 0 1 0' l. 8 SIMULIIDAE 0 0 1 0 0.1 0.9 CB IRONOMIDAE 10 14 8 10 7.1 50 ~ 4 CBIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 1 0 0 0 O.l 0. 9 TOTAI ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 17 23 16 21 18 12 14.1 ORGAN I SMS/10M3 15 20 14 19 16 11 12. 5 TOTAI TAXA 7 4 5 8 6 4 5

106 Table C-26. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during diel pumping .at Pails on the Susquehanna River, February 1974.

DATE 19 PEB 19 PEB 19 PEB 19 PEB '19 PEB 20 PEB 20 PEB 20 PEB STARI'INC TIME 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 VOL FILTERED (H3) 11.30 lle30 11.30 11 e 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPTH SURPACE. SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE NO+ NO+ NO. NO, NO NO, NOo NEHATODA 0 1 0 0 1 2.6 PERLIDAE 0 0 1 0 5 10. 3 EPHEHEROPTERA 0 0 0 0.3 5~ 1 HEPTACENI IDAE HYDROPSYCHIDAE 1

0 0

1 1 lol 23. 1 0 0 1 2 ~6 ELMIDAE 0 1 0 0.1 2 6 SIMUI I IDAE 0 0 0 0.1 2. 6 CH IRONOMIDAB , 2 0 1 2 ' 51. 3 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 13 5 4.9 ORGAN I SHS/10M3 12 4 4.3 TOTAL TAXA 2 4 3 DATE 19 PEB 19 PEB 19 FEB 19 PEB 19 FEB 20 PEB 20. FEB 20 FEB STARTING TIME 1200 150 0 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 VOL, PILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 lle30 DEPTH BOTTOM BOITOM BOTTOM 8OTI'OM BOTTON BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM NO. NO, NO+ NO NO ~ NO. NO ~ NO. HEAN t TOTAL NEMATODA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.8 NAIDIDAE 1 0 0 1 0 0 0~ 3 1.6 HYDRACARINA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0~ 1 0+8 COLLEHBOLA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0~ 8 PLECOPTERA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0~ 8 PERLIDAE 0 1 1 2 0 0 0~ 9 5.7 EPHEHEROPTERA 1 3 2 2 1 0 1.5 9e8 BAETIDAE 4 0 1 1 1 0 0. 9 5.7 HEPTAGENI IDAE HYDROPSYCHIDAE 10 7 1 4 0 1 3' 22 '

0 0 2 1 0 0 0.5 3.3 ELHIDAE 0 1 0 1 0 0 0.4 2+5 PSYCHODIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.8 SIHULI IDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0~1 Oo8 CHIRONOMIDAE 11 10 0 15 4 4 6.8 44.3 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 30 23 13 7 10 27 7 5 153 ORGANISMS/10H3 TOTAL TAXA 27 20 12 6 9 24 6 4 135 8 6 7 5 3 8 4 2 5

107 Table C-27. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 2) collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, FebruarY 1974.

DATE 19 FEB 19 PEB , 19 PEB 19 FEB 19 PEB 20 PEB 20 FEB 20 FEB STARTING TIME 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 VOL FILTERED (M3) 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 lle30 11.30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURPACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE TAXA NOo NO. NO. NO NO+ NO. NO MEAN \ TOTAL MAIDIDAE 0 0.6 7.0

~

HYDRACARIHA 0 0.1, 1.4 PLECOPTERA 0 0.1 1~4 CAPNI IDAE a 0 0.3 2 '

CMNIDM 0 0.1 1.4 EPHEMEREILIDAE 1 0 ' 2.8 BAETIDAE 0 0.1 1.4 HEPTAGENIIDAE 4 2 5 28.2 PSYCHOMYIIDM 1 0.1 1.4 ELH IDM 0 0 1 1.4 SIHULIIDAE 0 0 1 1.4 CHIRONOMIDAE 0 4,4 49.3 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 11 12 13 6 8.9 ORGAN I SMS/IOM3 10 11 12 5 7.9 TOTAL TAXA 4 4 5 2 DATE 19 FEB 19 FEB 19 FEB 19 PEB 19 PEB 20 FEB 20 FEB 20 FEB 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 SFARI'ING TIME VGA FILTERED(M3) 1200

11. 30 B(%TOM

11. 30 BOITOH 11.

BOTTOM 30 11. 30 BOTTOM

11. 30 BOTTOM 11 ~ 30 BOTTOM ll ~ 30 BOTTOM ll. 30 BOI'TOM DE PTH TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO, NO ~ NO. NO ~ MEAN t TOTAL N EHATODA 0 0 0.1 1.4 NAIDIDAE 0 0 0.1 1.4 HIRUDINEA 0 0 O.l 1,4 CAPNIIDAE 0 0 0.3 2. 9 PERLIDAE 0 1 0.1 1.4 EPHEHERELLIDAE 1 0 0.6 702 BAETIDAE 0 1 0.5 5.8 tlEPTAGENI IDAE 2 0 2.0 23 '

HYDROPSYCH IDAE 1 0 Oe5 5~8 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0.1 1.4 0 0.4 4,3 ELMIDAE EHPI DIDAE 0

1 0 0.1 l. 4 CB IRONOMIDAE 4 6 3.6 42eO I

TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 13 4 18 8 8.6 ORGAN IStlS/10M3 12 4 16 7 7.6 TOTAI TAXA 4 4 7 3 4

108 Table C-28. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during dial pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, Harch 1974.

DATE 19 MAR 19 HAR 19 HAR 19 MAR 20 HAR 20 HAR 20 MAR 20 MAR STARTING TIME 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 VOL. PILTERED(H3)

DEPTH 11.30 SURPACE 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 lie 30 11. 30 SURPACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE TAXA NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO+ NO. NO+ MEAN 4 TOTAL LEPTOPBLEBIIDAE 0 0 1 0 0.1 2.8 BEPTAGENI IDAE 0 0 0 0 0.1 2. 8 PSYCBOMYIIDAE 0 1 0 0 0.3 5.6 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 3 5.6 CBIRONOMIDAE 4 1 3 3 3' 80.6 CH IRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 0 1 0 0 0.1 2.8 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 10 3 4~5 ORGAN I SHS/10M3 9 3 4 ~ 0 TOTAL TAXA 2 2 2 DATQ 19 HAR 19 MAR 19 HAR 19 MAR 20 MAR 20 MAR 20 MAR 20 HAR STARTING TIME 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 Vor.. FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH BOITOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM NO. NO. NO. NO ~ NO NO NO NOe MEAN 4 TOTAL N EHATODA TUBIPICIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0~ I 1.0 BRANCH IURA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.0 0 1 0 0, 0 0 0.1 1+0 AMPH I PODA COLLEHBOLA 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oel l. 0 PERLIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.0 EPHENEROPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.0 CAENIDAE 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ 1 1.0 EPBEMERELLIDAE 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 2+1 BAETIDAE 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.4 3.1 HEPTAGENIIDAE 1 0 0 1 0 0 0.6 5~ 2 HYDROPSYCBIDAE 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 6 5~2 ELH IDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 1.0 ElklIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0,1 1.0 EMPI D I DAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 2+1 CHIRONOHIDAE 11 7 5 1 3 29 8.1 67.7 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.3 2.1 SPHAERIIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0~1 1.0 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 16 10 12 32 12.0 ORGANISMS/10H3 14 9 11 28 10. 6 TOTAL TAXA 6 4 8 4 5

109 Table C-29. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 2) collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, March 1974.

DATE 19 MAR 19 MAR 19 MAR 19 HAR 20 HAR 20 NAR 20 HAR 20 HAR STARTING TINE 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 VOL ~ FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE NO. NO ~ NO. NO NO NO. NO H BAN '1 TOTAL NAIDIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1 7 HYDRACARINA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.7 PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.7 EPHEHERELLIDAE * <<0 0 0 1 0 1 0.3 3.4 BAETIDAB 1 0 0 0 0 0 0~1 1.7 HEPTAGENIIDM Oi 0 1 4 1 0 1.0 13.8 HYDROPSYCHIDM 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 4 5 2 ELHIDAB 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 1.7 CH IRONOMIDAE 12 1 1 2 5 8 4 ~8 65. 5 CHIRONOHIDM (PUPAE) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 3.4 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 13 13 4 ~ 8 6 7 ~3 ORGAN ISIIS/10H3 12 12 4 7 5 6.4 TOTAL TAXA 2 4 3 4 2 3 DATE 19 HAR 19 HAR 19 HAR 19 MAR 20 HAR 20 MAR 20 MAR 20 MAR STARI'ING TINE 1400 1700 2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 VGA FILTERED(H3) 11. 30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DE PTH BOI'TOM BOITOH BQPTOH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTIOH BOTTOH TAXA NO NO. NO, NO, NO NO. NO. NO. MEAN \ TOTAL TUB I F IC I DAB 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.3 2 0 HYDRACARINA 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.5 4.1 PERLIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.0 EPHEHERIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 1.0 BPHBIERELLIDAB 2 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0.8 6.

LEPTOPHLEBI IDAE 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.3 1'.0 BAETIDAE 2 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0.9 7.1 HBPTAGENIIDAE 2 0 0 0 0 1 6 4 1.6 13. 3 PSYCHOHYIIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 1.0 HYDROPSYCHIDAE LEPTOCERIDAE 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 l.

0

0 0

0 0 1

0 1

2 0.4 Oe3 3.1 2.0 ELHIDAB 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0.4 3.1 SIHULIIDAB 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.0 EHPIDIDAB 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.4 3+i I

CH RON OH I DAE 12 10 1 2 4 6 8 5.6 45. 9 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.4 3.1 SPHAERIIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 1.0 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 21 13 6 9 24 18 12.3 ORGANISMS/10M3 19 12 5 8 21 16 10. 8 TOTAL TAXA 6 3 5 4 10 6 5

110 Table C-30. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during dial pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, April 1974.

DATE 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 26 APR 26 APR STARTINC TIME 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL ~ FILTERED(M3) 11. 30 11 30 11. 30 11. 30 11 30 11. 30 11.30 11 ~ 30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE NO. NO. NO. NOe NO ~ NO NO, NO. MEAN \ TOTAL N AIDIDAE 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.4 1.3 AMPH IPODA 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0 4 HYDRACARINA 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 Oe4 PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 0 1 0 e 0.4 1.3 EPHEMERIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 0 4 CAEN IDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 EPtlEIIERELLIDAE 1 0 0 2 2 1.6 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.0 3~3 BAETIDAE'EPTAGENIIDM 0 1 0 5 4 2.4 7.9 PSYCHOMYIIDAE 1 0 0 1 2 0 ' 2 5 HYDROPSYCH IDAE 0 4 1 0 1 7 1.9 6.3 HYDROPTILIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.4 1 3 ELMIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.4 1.3 EMPIDIDAE 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.3 0 8 CH IRONOYeIDAE 5 25 16 33 14 5 14 ~ 3 47 7 CHIRONOtlIDAE (PUPAE) 0 28 2 15 1 0 Se8 19 ~ 2 TO'IAL ORGAN ISYS/SAMPLE 59 21 52 29 29 21 21 29 ~ 9 ORCAN I SIIS/10H3 52 19 46 26 26 19 19 26e4 TOTAL TAXA 5 5 6 7 11 6 9 7 DATE 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 26 APR 26 APR STARI'ING TIME 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOLe FILTERED(M3) 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11. 30. 11 ~ 30 DEPTH IDAI.'UBING BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTIOYe BOTTOM BOI'TOH NOe NO. NO. NO. NO NO. NO MEAN 1 TOTAL NEMATODA 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.6 NA ID 0 2 2 0 1 1 0 0.8 le7 ICIDAE 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 ' 0.6 ISOPODA 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 3 HYDRACARINA 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0.5 1.1 PLECOPTERA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0. 1 0. 3 EPHEMEROPTERA 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.3 0 '

EPHEMERELLIDM 0 2 3 1 6 2 0 le9 4.2 BAETIDAE 1 0 0 0 3 3 0 1 3 2.8 HEPTACEN I IDAE 0 0 4 3 11 4 0 2.9 6e4 PSYCHQIYI IDAE 0 0 0 I 2 1 1 0.6 l. 4 HYDROPSYCH IDAE 0 1 1 2 5 5 0 2.6 5. 8 HYDROPTILIDM 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0.5 1.1 LKPIOCERIDAE 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0.8 ELHIDAE 1 1 0 1 5 2 0 le3 2~8 TI PULI DAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 EY>PI DIDAE 0 '0 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 0. 3 CBRATOPOCONIDAE 0 1 0 0 e0 0 0 0.1 0. 3 CHIRONOMIDAE 15 44 33 40 15 14 15 23.1 Sle 5 CHIRONOYIDAE {PUPAE) 0 34 6 18 0 1 0 7.4 16.4 SPHAERIIDAE I 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0. 8 TOTAI ORCANISttS/SAMPLE 19 92 53 71 50 34 22 18 44. 9 ORGAN I SKS/10M 3 17 81 47 63 44 30 19 16 39.7 TOTAL TAXA 5 11 10 11 10 10 6 4 8

Table C-31. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 2) collected during diel pumping at Pails on the Susquehanna River, April 1974.

DATE 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 26 APR 26 APR STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED(M3) 1 le 30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 DEPTH SURFACE SU RPAC8 SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE TAXA NO NO+ NO. NO. NO. MEAN 6 TOTAL NAIDIDAE 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.5 le6 HYDRACARINA 0 1 0 2 1 0 ' 2. 1 PERLIDAE 0 0 0 0 2 0.4 la 2 EPHEHERELLIDAE 0 0 0 1 1 0.6 2.1 BAETIDAE 0 0 6 1.5 4 '

HEPTAGENIIDAE 0 1 5 2.0 6.6 PSYCHOMYIIDAE 0 0 3 0.8 2I5 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 0 0 2 1.5 4.9 HYDROPTI I IDAE 1 0 1 1.0 3.3 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 1 0.4 i+2 EIklIDAE 1 0 0 0 2 0.6 2~1 TIPULIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0~1 0.4 EMPIDIDAE 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0~4 1.2 CH IRONOHIDAE 17 24 4 16 13 11 20 13.6 44 9 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 1 36 4 10 0 0 0 0 6.4 2loO TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE ORGAN I SMS/10H3 TOTAL TAXA 24 21 6

45 40 6

31 27 5

18 16 5

41 36 12 31 27 7

I'2 25 9

28 25 9

30.4 26.9 7

DATE 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 APR 25 MR 26 APR 26 APR STARTING TIME 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED('- 11. 30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 lie 30 DE PTH BOTTOM BOPTOM B(ATOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM NO NO, NO, NO NO NOo NO. MEAN 4 TOTAL N EMATODA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 03 NAIDIDAE AMPHIPODA HYDRACARINA PERLIDAE EPHEMERIDAE 0

0 0

1 3

0 0

0 0

0 1

0 1

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0 5

1 1

2-0, 1

0 0

0 1

0 0

1 0

0 0

10 0.6, 0.1 0.4 0.3 23 0.3 1.5 0.9 0.6 EPHEMERELLIDAE 1 0 1 0 2 2 1 1.0 2o 3 BAETIDAE HEPTAGENIIDAE PSYCHOMYI IDAE HYDROPSYCHIDAE HYDROPTILIDAE 0

2 2

1 1

0 0

1 0

1 0

1 0

1 0

0 0

1 0

1 8

16 0

2 1

2 5

0 4

0 2

10 0

4 0

10615 0'6 0

3 1.5 4

le9 1

3+5 9~6 4+4 15 LEPTOCERIDAE 0. 0 2 0 3 0 1 Oe8 i+8 ELMIDAE 1 0 1 1 1 3 0 0. 9 2m 0 SIMULIIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0.3 EHP ID IDAE 0'1 0 0 0 0 1 0 O,l 0.3 CHIRONOMIDAE 12 27 26 30 6 19 10 20.1 47.1 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 0 34 5 24 1 1 0 0 8.1 19. 0 SPHAERIIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.4 0.9 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 44 49 40 53 74 26 40 16 42. 8 ORGAN I SMS/10M3 39 43 35 47 65 23 35 14 37.8 TOTAL TAXA 10 5 9 5 14 10 9 5 8

1.12 Table C-32. Number, mean, and percent total of drifting nmcroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 1) collected during diel punping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, May 1974.

DATE 29 MAY 29 HAY 29 MAY 29 HAY 29 MAY 29 MAY 30 MAY 30 MAY STARTING TIME VOL. PILTERED(M3) 0900 11.30 1200 11.30 1500 1800 2100 11.30 2400

11. 30 0300'600

11. 30 11 ~ 30 11 30 11. 30 DEPTH SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURFACE SURPACE SURFACE TAXA NOo NO. NO+ NO. NO. NO. NO. MEAN 0 TCTAL NAIDIDAE 5 1 1 0 3 1 1 0 1.5 3~4 TUBIPICIDAE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 3 AMPH IPODA 0 0 0 0 1' 0 0 0 0.1 0~ 3 HYDRACARINA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' 0~6 PERLIDAE 0 2 I 1 1 0 0 0 0' 1.4 EPBEMEROPTERA 0 0 1 0 6 1 0 0 1.0 2 2 EPHEMERIDAE 4 0 2 0 6 0 2 0 1.8 3.9 CAENIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0.3 0.6 EPHEMERELLIDAE 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 Oe5 1.1 BAETIDAE 0 0 0 2 9 7 10 1 3+6 8.1 BEPTAGENI IDAE 0 0 1 0 6 5 5 0 2.1 4.7 PSYCBOMYIIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.3 0.6 4 HYDROPSYCBIDAE 1 0 2. 0 1 2 0 2 1.0 2 ~2 ELM IDAE 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0.5 1.1 EIMIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.1 0 3 SINU LI IDAE 2 0 0 0 2 7 5 3 2.4 5.3 SIHULIIDAE (PUPAE) 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 2,1 4 7 CBIRONOHIDAE 26 7 14 11 34 30 24 44 20.0 44.7 CBIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 2 0 1 2 42 3 1 1 6.5 14. 5 TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 41 11 40 17 116 62 50 21 44+8 ORGANISMS/10M3 36 10 35 15 103 55 44 19 39.6 TOTAL TAXA 7 4 9 5 14 12 9 5 8 DATE 29 MAY 29 MAY 29 MAY 29 MAY 29 MAY 29 MAY 30 MAY 30 MAY STARTING TIME 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED (H3) 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30 DEPTH BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTI'OM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOTTOM BOZTOM NO, NOe NO NO. NO. NO. NO ~ MEAN S TOTAL NEMATODA 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0. 2 NAIDIDAE 5 3 1 5 4 4 1 2 3.1 5.5 HYDRACARINA 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0,8 le 3 PLECOPTERA 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 0.7 PERLIDAE 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0.5 0. 9 EPHEMEROPTERA 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0~3 0,4 EPHEMERIDAE 4 1 3 5 0 0 2 2 2.1 3 '

CAENIDAE 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.4 0 7 EPHEMERELLIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 Oo2 BAETIDAE 1 1 2 8 8 9 9 5 3 9. 2 HEPTAGENI IDAE 3 1 4 3 3 2 3 0 2.4 4.2 PSYCBCMYI IDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0.3 0 4 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 0 1 1 0 1 0 4 4 1~4 2.4 LEPTOCERIDAE 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0+8 1 3 ELMIDAE 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 EIMIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0.5 Oe9 SIMULIIDAE 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1.0 i+8 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0 2 CHIRONOMIDAE 27 21 17 27 31 27 27 16 24 F 1 42 ~ 3 CBIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 0 2 1 1 99 1 0 2 13. 3 23 '

TOTAL ORGANISMS/SAMPLE 45 36 32 49 156 46 56 36 57. 0 ORGANISMS/10M3 40 32 28 43 138 41 50 32 50.4 TOTAL TAXA 10 11 10 10 12 8 13 7 10

113 Table C-33. NuMer, mean, and percent total of drifting macroinvertebrates in surface and bottom samples (replicate 2) collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, Hay 1974.

DATE 29 HAY 29 HAY 29 HAY 29 HAY 29 HAY 29 HAY 30 HAY 30 HAY STARTING TINE VOL FILTERED(H3)

DEPTH 0900 30 SURPACE 1200 11.30 SURFACE 1500

11. 30 SURPACE 1800

11. 30 SURPACE 2100 11.30 SURFACE 2400 11.30 SURFACE 0300 11.30 SURFACE 0600 11.30, SURFACE TAXA NO. NO. NO, NO. NO. NO, NO. NO. BEAN N EHATODA 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 ' 0.6 NAIDIDAE 2 4 6 4 6 4 8 4.8 7.2 TUBIFICIDM 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 HYDRACARINA 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0.8 1.1 PERLIDAE 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 ' . 0.8 EPHEHERIDAE 0 4 4 2 8 4 10 4.9 7.4 CAEN IDAE 0 5 5 0 7 2 0 2 ~5 3.8 EPH ERE RE I LIDAE 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0,4 0.6 LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.1 0.2 BAETIDM 1 9 3 0 22 25 13 9.9 15 '

HEPTAGENI IDAE 2 5 4 1 19 9 6 6.4 9.7 PSYCHONYI IDM 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 0 2 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 1 7 3 0 8 8 4 4.6 7.0 LEPTOCERIDAE 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0,4 0~ 6 HALIPLIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 ELHIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0~1 0.2 ELNIDM (ADULTS) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 S I HOLI IDM 0 1 0 0 1 3 3 1.4 2.1 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 CHIRONOHIDM 11 24 25 14 35 25 29 31 24 3 36.9 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 9 4 2 1 9 1 0 3 ~9 5+9 TOTAL ORGANISHS/SANPLE 28 64 56 23 120 65 91 79 65.8 ORGAN I SHS/10N3 25 57 50 20 106 58 81 70 58.2 TOTAL TAXA 8 10 11 6 12 12 14 11 11 DATE 29 HAY 29 HAY 29 HAY 29 HAY 29 HAY 29 HAY 30 HAY 30 HAY STARTING TINE 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 VOL. FILTERED(N3) 11. 30 11.30 11.30 11.30 11. 30 11. 30 11.30 Ii+30 DEPTH BOPTOH BOTTOH BOPTOH BOTTOH BOTTOH 8 OTTOH BOTTOH BOI'TOH NO. NO. NO. NO ~ NO. NO ~ NO. $ TOTAL NEHATODA 0 1 0 0 1 1 7 3 1.6 2o5 NAIDIDAE 1 0 12 5 2 0 5 3.6 5.6 HYDRACARINA 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 1 0.9 1.4 PERLIDAE 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0.8 1.2 EPHEHERIDAE 1 1 1 5 0 5 7 3.0 4e6 CAENIDAE 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 3 1,4 2.1 EPHEHERELLIDAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.3 0 '

BAETIDAE 1 5 1 2 4 4 17 4 4.8 7 4 HEPTAGENI IDAE 2 2 1 4 1 1 14 8 4.1 6,4 COENAGRIONIDAE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0~2 HYDROPSYCH IDAE 1 2 0 0 0 0 8 10 2 6 4.1 LEPTOCERIDAE 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 ~6 l. 0 LEPIDOPTERA 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 ELHIDAB 0 0 1 1 0 0.4 0.6 ELNIDAE (ADULTS) 0 0

0 0 0 1

0 0 1 2 1 0+5 'es SIHUIIIDAE 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0.6 1.0 CERATOPOGONIDAE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 CNIRONOHIDAE 16 40 13 30 26 14 50 23 26.5 41. 0 CHIRONOHIDAE (PUPAE) 3 3 0 6 84 0 0 5 12,6 19 '

TOTAL ORGAN ISflS/SAHPLE 34 61 19 65 121 33 113 71 64 ~ 6 ORGANI SHS/10H3 30 54 17 58 107 29 100 63 57.2 TOTAL TAXA 12 13 6 9 6 11 13 12 10

Table C-34. percent total and mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates/10 m 3 in surface samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.

JUN JUL A)X'EP CC)'EC JAN PEB NAR APR MAY MEAN 't %AT NBATCDA 10. 3 2.8 0.4 0+7 0.0 0.2 2.7 2.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.9 1.1

'IARDIGPADA 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0+0 0.1 0.1 NAIDIDAE 128. 0 3.4 0.2 0.3 0+4 , O.l 16.6 2.4 1.8 1.3 2.3 59ol 18. 0 10.3 YUBIPICIME 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0+0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 Oo2 AHPHIPODA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HYDRACARINA 3.6 27. 1 284 2 6.4 14.6 41. 3 12.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.0 0.4 11.7 6.7 COLLEESOLA 1.4 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 1.7 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.4 PLECOPTERA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0+3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 NB Y)URIDAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PBRLI DAB 0.0 0+0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EPHEMEROPIBRA 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0+0 0.0 0.0 3.2 i+3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 EPHBNERIDAE 13' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Owl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O. 1 0. 0 1.2 0.7 G)E MIME 6.0 2.0 0.8 0.1 0+0 0.0 OoO 0+0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0+0 0.8 0.4 EPHEPSRELIJ DAE 0.0 0.0 0+0 OoO 0+0 0.0 0 ' 0+0 0.0 0+0 0.1 0.0 Oo0 0.0 BAETIDAB 14e3 1.1 0.1 Orl 0+0 Oo0 Oo7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 13.1 2+5 1.5 HEPTAGBNI IDAE lie 1 lie 4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 2 ~3 1.9 1.4 Oo6 0.9 9.2 3o4 1.9 CD(KATA 0+0 OoO 0+0 0.1 0.0 0,0 OoO 0+0 0,0 OeO 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oa0 COENAGRI(E) IDAE 0+2 0.0 1.0 Owl 0+0 Oo0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 O.l Owl MBGAIOPTE))A 0.0 0.0 0+0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0+0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 El)1 ICPOI'AMIDAE 0+0 0.0 0.0 0+0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 OeO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I

PSKHQNY IDAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Oo0 0.0 0+3 0.0 0.2 0.2 Oo0 0.1 0.0 HYDROPSYCHI DAE 24 3.8 17+0 8.7 5.8 0.4 4.1 2.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.7 3+9 2.2 HYDROPTILIDAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0+0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0+0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 LEPIOCERIDAE 0 0 Oo3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0,0. 0.0 0+0 COLEOETERA 0+2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 DIME

)lYDROPHI LIME 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0' 0.0 0.5 0.0 OoO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EIH IDAE 0.6 0.0 0 0 0+0 0.0 0.2 1.2 0.7 Owl 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 RIMI ME (ADUL'IS) 1.2 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 3 0.1 0.2 0.1 DI PTERA (PUPAE) 0.0 0 ' 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0+0 TI PULI DAE 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TIPULI DAE(EUPAR) 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.0 PSYCBQDI MB Oe6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0+0 0.3 0.1 0.0 Oo3 0.2 0.1 RON(MIME CULICIDAE 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 Owl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0+0 0.1 0 '

CHAQBORI DAE Owl OoO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 SIMULIIDAB 4.4 10+ 3 6.7 1.2 Oo2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.1 1.2 E))PIDIDAE 0,2 3.1 2.5 4ol 6.3 3.5 4+4 0.9 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.4 2.2 1.3 IMPI (PUPAE) 0' 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OoO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHI RCN(MIME 334. 3 314. 6 248 ' 107.5 8+0 2.1 75.0 56.3 47 ' 18.7 46. 0 73. 2 112.1 64.1 CHI (PlPAE) 33. 7 35. 0 48.1 21.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.2 3' 12. 3 7.0 PHYSI DAB 0.0 0.1 0.0 Oo0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.0 0+0 0.0 0.0 TOTAL 016AN ISNS 566+5 416.7 356+1 151.4 36.2 49. 0 133,3 71+ 9 56 o 0 25+6 60. 1 161+5 175. 0 K1ZAL TAXA 18 15 17 12 9 11 18 16 13 13 15 11 14

115 Table C-35. Percent total and mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates/10 m 3 in bottom samples collected during diel pumping at SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.

TAXA MEAN 'I '1OT TRICLADIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NEMAIDOA 14.7 10.5 0.7 0.1 Oe0 0.0 2.5 2.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.7 2e7 1.0 TARDIGRAM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.5 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAIDIDAE 189. 9 3.5 0.2 3.4 2 ' 0.0 23.5 5.1 2.0 1.5 5.1 90. 5 27. 4 10el TUB I PIC I ME 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 Oe'3 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.8 0,3 0.1 HI RODIN EA 0.0 0.0 0.0 OeO Oe0 0.0 0.2 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 ISOKOA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 AMPHIKDA Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 Oe0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 HYDRACARINA 4.0 37.7 43.6 23.1 59.7 62.5 14.9 2.0 Oe7 0.7 10. 0 3.8 22.1 8.2 COLL BeBOLA 1.4 0.0 0.8 0 ' 0.0 0.2 4.8 1.3 2.4 1.7 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.4 PLEOOPTERA 0.0 0.4 0.0 OeO Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PERI IDAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OeO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 EBiEPZROPIERA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 2.1 3.0 1.8 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 Oe2 EBIIMERIME 28. 6 0.0 0.0 0' 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0,1 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 2.5 Oe9 CAENIME 8.1 5.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe7 0.0 0.3 Oe3 1.4 Oe5 EIHEMERELLIDAE 0.0 OeO 0,0 Oe0 Oe0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 BAEPIDAE 28.2 3.7 Oe0 0,2 0.0 0.0 0.2 Oe2 Oe8 Oe1 Oe3 22.5 4.8 1.8 HEPTEGENI IDAE 26.6 25. 4 Oel 0 ' Oe0 0.0 4.2 3.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 10e7 6.3 2e3 CDCNATA Oe0 0.0 Oe7 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0e0 COENAGRIONIDAE Oe2 0.0 Oe7 Oe0 0.1 0.0 0.0 e0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 CORI XIDAB 0.6 0.0 OeO Oe0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 Oel 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 TRICHOPTERA(B) PAE) 0.0 0.0 OeO Oe3 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GLC6SC6QMATI ME 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O. 1 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 B) I IQKHAMIDAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I

PSYCBCMY IDAE 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0,0 0.0 OeO 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 Oe0 0.0 0.0 HYDROPSYCHI DAB 4.0 6.1 l3. 8 11.7 15e3 0.9 3 0 4.1 le9 1,1 2.8 0 ~4 5.5 2.0 HYDROPTILIME 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OeO 0.0 0,0 1.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 LEPICCER I DAE 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 LEPI IQ PTERA 0.0 Oe0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 ' Oel 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 . 0.0 0.0 COLECPT ERA 0.2 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ,0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 PSEBIENIDAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EIMIME 1.8 1.1 1.2 0.1 Oe0 OeO 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.1 '.7 0.6 Oe2 EU(IME (ADUDIS) 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe4 1.7 0.6 Oe2 DI PTBQ (PUPAE) 0.0 0'0 0.7 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0e0 TIPVLIME 0.6 0.0 0.0 Oel 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.4 Oe4 0.0 0. 0 0.0 Oel 0.1 PSYCHCOI ME 1.6 0.0 Oe0 0.0 OeO 0.0 le6 le0 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 I

CU LIC DAB 0.8 0 ' Oe3 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0,0 0.0 0,0 0.1 0.0 CBACBORIME 0.0 0.0 0.0 OeO OeO 0.0 0.0 0.3 Oe0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SIMU LI IDAE 6.5 11. 1 8.4 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 2.6 1.0 SIMULIIDAE (PUPAE) 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0e0 STRAL'IOMYIIDAE Oe0 Oe0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 Oe0 0,0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 EMPI DIDAE 0.8 4.0 9e3 9.8 29.8 6e5 3.2 0.9 1.0 0.3 2e4 0.8 5.8 2e2 EMPIDIDAE (PUPAE) 0.0 0'1 Oe9 0,0 0.0 0.0 0 ' Oe0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oel 0.0 CERATOPCCQN IDAE 0.2 0.0 Oe0 OeO 0.0 0.0 Oe5 leO Oe0 0,0 0.0 OeO 0.1 Oe0 CHI RON Q4IDAE 512. 9 379. 6 359e5 244e2 51.9 2.2 79el 106 e4 52e3 23.1 68.7 107.5 168e 4 62e3 CHIRCN(NIDAE(PUPAE) 25. 2 55. 8 55el 37 ~ 2 2.5 0.7 0.0 Oe3 0.1 0.0 1.3 4.4 15. 7 5.8 PHYSI ME Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.7 Oel 0.0 0.0 Oe0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oe0 Oel 0.0 TOTAL ORGANISMS 859. 1 546e 9 498 e 2 334 ~ 1 162.3 73. 3 141.2 136e2 67.6 31.7 97. 5 249. 0 270. 4 TOTAL TAXA 22 12 15 14 10 7 16 28 17 12 18 14 15

116 Table'C-36. Percent total and mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates/10 m 3 in surface samples collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.

'AXA J(Ã JUL AUG SEP CCP NCV DEC JAN EEB MAR APR HAY MEAN 0 %YZ NEMATCDA 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0. 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 NAIDIDAB 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.4 2.8 0.9 1.0 TUB IPIC IDAE 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

0. 0 0.1 0.1

))IRUDINEA Oo3 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0+0 0.0 ISOKDA 0.1 0~0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AEVI PCOA 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 HYDRACARINA 3.7 1.3 3.1 0+8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 COLLEESOLA PLECOIT ERA CAPN I IDAE 0 1 0.0 0.0

'.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 OoO 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0~0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PERLIDAE 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 EHIEMEROFIERA Owl 0+0 0.0 1+0 1.1 Oe2 0.1 0.0 0. 0 0 ' 0.3 0.3 EPHEHERIDAE 30o9 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 2 9 3+6 3.8 CAENIDAE 29. 7 14. 2 4.8 3.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.2 So2 5.5 EIHEMER ELLIDAE 3.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 Owl 0.2 O.l Owl 1. 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 LEPTOPHIEBI IDAE 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.0 Owl 0. 0 Owl 0.0 0.0 BAETIDAE 15+9 4+2 29.6 11.1 0+9 OI0 0.1 Owl le 1 6.0 5.9 6.3 HEPTEQENI IDAE 20+3 70 2 16e9 16.3 12.0 1.8 1.6 OI5 1.9 3+8 7o8 8.3 aXY(ATA 0,0 0.3 0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OoO 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 I

COENSGRI ON DAE 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0'0 0.0 0,0 0. 0 0.0 Oo 1 0.1 PSYCIKMYIIDAE 0.0 0.8 2.4 2.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 I YDROPSYCH I DAE 120.4 12.7 73.3 20.1 13.5 1.7 0.1 ' 1.5 2,5 0 22.1 23.5 H YDROPTI LIDAE 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 LEPIOCERIDAE Owl 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 COLEOPT ERA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HALIPLI DAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 EIMIWE 2.4 13. 2 1+9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.9 2.0 EIMI DAB (ADULIS) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 TIPULIDAE 0.0 0.1 0.0 OoO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Oo0 0.0 SIHULIIDAE 12.5 9.5 10.7 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.7 30 3 3.5 SIHULIIDAE(PUPAE) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0+0 0.0 0. 0 Oo9 0.1 0.1 IMPI DIDAB 0.0 0.3 Oe7 0.0 0.2 0. 2 0.0 0.0 Oo3 0.0 0.1 0.2 C ERATOKOONIDAE 2 ' 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.1 0.3 0.3 CHIRONQIIDAE 33.1 151. 5 60.3 38.4 19. 4 4 ' 3.0 307 12. 3 19. 6 33.6 35.7 CHIRONOMIDAE(HlPAE) 5,2 19. 5 14.9 4.5 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 5.4 4.6 5.2 5.5 TOI'AL ORGAN ISMS

%6'AL TAXA 285.5 22 243.1 25 223.1 21 100.0 15 51.6 18 10.7 16

- 6.1'.2 16 11 26.7 18 48.9 21 94.0 18

117 Table C-37. Percent total and mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates/10 m 3 in bottom samples collected during diel pumping at Falls on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through Hay 1974.

J(II JUL AUG . SEP OCI'OV DEC JAN EEB HAR APR MAY MEAN 0 'IOT NEHATCOA 30 3 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 NAIDIDAE i+7 2.6 1.2 0.0 Oo7 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.8 3.0 1.1 0.8

%IBIFICIDAE 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 HIRUDINEA 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.l 0.0 0.1 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 BRANCHIUPA 0+0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Oo0 0+0 0.0 0.0 ISOKOA 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 AMBlIPOOA 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Owl 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 HYDRACARINA 6.6 1.5 S.O 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.1 COLLBSOLA 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0. 0 0.0 0.1 0+0 PIZCOPTERA 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0' 0.1 0.0 0.1 Oo2 0.1 0.1'.0 CAPNI IDAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 PERLI DAB 0.4 0.1 0.2 0+2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 Oo2 Oi6 0.2 0.2 EBlEHEROPTERA 0,0 0.2 0.0 2.7 2.9 0.3 0.7 0.1 Owl O.l 0.7 0.5 EBlEMERICAE 47.1 1.8 0.0 Oo4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 Owl 2.3 5.1 3.8 CAENIDAE 54. 0 21. 9 7.9 6.7 0.3 0' 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 8.9 6.6 EBI(3IERELLIDAE 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.3 Oo2 0.5 0.3 LEFIOPHLEBI IDAE Oo0 0.0 OoO Owl 0.0 0' 0.0 0.1 0.0 0+0 0.0 0.0 BAETIDAE 22.6 7.2 45.0 21.5 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.2 4+4 9.0 6.7 HEPTJQENI IDAE 270 2 12.8 21.7 28e2 13. 2 1.4 2.4 1.0 3.1 2.9 10.9 8.1 0CONATA 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OOENAGRI CN IDAE 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 PSKHCHYI IDAE 0.0 20 7 6.5 3.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 1.2 Oo9 HYDICPSYCHIDAB 154.6 23+8 75.6 27 ~ 2 17.8 1.2 0.4 0.4 2.0 1.8 27. 9 20.8 HYDROPTI LIDAE 0 ' 1.2 0.8 OoO 0.1 0~2 0.0 0.0 0+5 0.0 0.3 07 0.2 LEFPXERI DAB 2.2 0 ' '.3 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.5 LEPI DOPIERA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 COLEOITERA 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HALIPLI CAE 0.1 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 EIHIDAE 4.0 35. 2 3.7 1.3 0 ' 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.3 4.7 3.5 EIHIDAE (ACULEUS) 2.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 0 ~4 TIPULICAE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 ISYCHOOI CAB 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SBSLX IDAE 18. 8 17. 8 12,6 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 7 4.8 3.6 SMILIIDAE(BJPAE) 0.0 0.1 0+0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oo0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EIIPIDIDAE 0. 0 0.4 0.4 Oo3 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 CERATOHXDNIDAE 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 ~'.1 CHI RON(HICAE 59. 3 194. 7 89. 0 60.0 29. 3 5.9 4.6 6.1 19. 1 22.4 47 4 35.3 CHI KNCHIDAE (P(PAE) 5+7 28 ~ 3 12.7 5.8 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 6.9 11. 4 7.2 Se4 SPHAERI IDAB 0.0 0.0 0 0 0+0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 TOI'AL OIChNISMS 414.1 356.6 285.9 161.5 73.3 ll. 0 - - 10.6 10.7 38.8 53.8 134.2 TOTAL TAXA 23 22 20 18 21 14 - - 19 22 24 20 20

118 24 FALLS 18

---

DIPTERA EPHEMEROPTERA TRIG HOP TERA

-'YDRACARINA 12 NAIDIDAE CC 0

o 48 SSES 42 X

36 30 cC C3 24 O

18 12 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 J J A 8 0 N D J F M A M Fig. C-1. Mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates/10 m 3 collected monthly during diel pumping at Falls and SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.

119 SSES 100 D

Bo e) 60 K

40 20 0

30 DIPTERA FALLS -----EPHEMEROPTERA TRICNOP TERA 20 NAIDIDAE HYDRACARINA 10 V) 1O5 C)

X 90 SSES K 75 Cg 60 O

45 IK 30 15 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 J J A S 0 N D J F M A M Fig. C-2. River flow and mean number of drifting macroinvertebrates/s collected monthly during diel pumping at Falls and SSES on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.

120 EPHEMEROPTERA ALL 0

TRICHOPTERA 3

O 27 O

24 K TOTAL cn 21 18 cC CHIRONOMIDS C9 IL 15 O

12 CHIRONOMIDS 0

1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 Fig. C-3. Mean number, of drifting macroinvertebrates/10 m 3 collected at 3-h intervals during diel pumping at SSES and Falls on the Susquehanna River, June 1973 through May 1974.

121 DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL FISHES by

,Gerard L. Buynak and Harold W. Mohr, Jr.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

123 INTRODUCTION. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

PROCEDURES...... 123 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 126 Northern Hog Sucker 126 Shorthead Redhorse 129 Rock Bass. ~ ~ ~ ~ 131 Redbreast Sunfish 134 REFERENCES CITED... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 137 LIST OF TABLES Table D-l. Morphometric and meristic characters of the northern hog sucker from the Susquehanna River, 1975.............. 139 Table D-2. Morphometric . . . shorthead redhorse ... . 1974......... 140 Table D-3. Morphometric . . . rock bass . . . 1975. 141 Table D-4. Morphometric . '.. redbreas t sun f ish... 1976....... .. ~ 142

122 LIST OF FIGURES Page Fig. D-1. Development of the northern hog sucker.. ~ 143 Fig. D-2. Development of the shorthead redhorse..................... 145 Fig. D-3. Development of the rock bass.............................. 147 Fig. D-4. Development of the redbreast sunfish. . 149

123 ABSTRACT Eggs of northern hog sucker, shorthead redhorse, rock bass, and redbreast sunfish were hatched and the larvae reared in the laboratory.

The larval development of these four species was described.

INTRODUCTION Eggs or larvae of at least 26 fishes have been found near the Susquehanna SES from 1974 through 1976. Identification of the larvae to species is a difficult problem because larvae of many fishes have not been adequately described. Zhe purpose of this study was to describe the 4

larval development of the northern hog sucker, shorthead xedhorse, rock-bass, and redbreast sunfish from the Susquehanna River.

PROCEDURES Adult shorthead redhorse and northern hog sucker were captured using an electrofisher in the Susquehanna River near Berwick, Pennsylvania in 1974 and 1975, respectively. Eggs, from several females of each species were stripped into a plastic pan that contained dampened sand and were fertilized with milt from several males of the same species. The eggs were rinsed several times and allowed to water harden for about 24 h.

Rock bass eggs were collected from a nest by scuba divers on 24 June 1975 near Fort Trevorton, Pennsylvania, and redbreast sunfish eggs were collected on 22 July 1976 near Berwick, Pennsylvania. Stones with attached eggs were transported to the laboratory.

124 In the laboratory the eggs were hatched and larvae were reared in a miniature aquarium system (Gale 1977) using recirculated pool water.

Free-swimming larvae were fed a powdered dry food (Tetramin E) to supplement natural foods which entered the aquaria with the pool water. As the larvae became larger they were given a more granular food (Tetramin L) . A series of eggs and larvae of each species was preserved in 10/ formalin.

Definitions of prolarvae, postlarvae, late postlarvae, and juvenile stages were taken from Hubbs (1943) and May and Gasaway (1967) with some minor modifications. Prolarvae were those still bearing yolk, postlarvae were those from when all yolkmaterial was absorbed to when fins were present and some fin rays began to develop, late postlarvae were those from when fin rays began to develop in all fins to when scalation started, and juveniles as a stage resembling the adult.

Total length, urostyle length, postanal length, head length, eye diameter, and body depth o f each larva was measured to the nearest 0. 1 mm using an ocular micrometer. Myomere counts were made on pro-, post-, and late postlarvae using polarizing filters (Berry and Richards 1973). Fewer myomeres could be discerned without the filters. All,myomeres posterior to an imaginary vertical line at the posterior margin of the anus were considered postanal (Siefert 1969) ~ The other myomeres, including those bisected by the imaginary line, were considered preanal.

Lateral, dorsal, and ventral illustrations of various sized fish ranging from newly hatched through early juveniles, were traced by projecting their images onto drawing paper with a Bausch and Lomb Tri-Simplex Micro-Projector. To obtain a lateral illustration, a fish was

125 placed in a petri dish and covered with preservative to prevent a blurred The specimen was positionedt'mage.

on the micro-projector stage, focused, and an outline of the fish traced. Occasionally the fish did not lie flat; this was corrected by placing a light-weight object such as a pin on the specimen. Other easily seen details such as fin rays, melanophores, and myomeres were brought into focus and traced on the outline.

When larvae were too large to be projected in their entirety, the illustration was drawn in two or more parts. The simplest and most accurate method was to end the drawing at an easily seen structure such as the dorsal fin, reposition the larvae, and continue the drawing. This method was repeated until the entire specimen was drawn. When finished, the petri dish and fish were transferred to a Bausch and Lomb StereoZoom 7 Microscope and detailed drawings were completed.

Dorsal and ventral illustrations of larvae were obtained with the aid of a specially made clear acrylic holder. The circular base of the holder was 0.32-cm thick and about 2.5 cm in diameter. Two 0.32 cm in diameter clear acrylic rods, 0.64-cm long, were cemented in the center and angled slightly to form a V. A fish was placed between the rods and held with dorsal or ventral side up. The holder was then positioned on the micro-projector stage and the projected image was traced and completed as previously explained.

The drawings which varied in size from 12 cm to 60 cm when inked were photographically reduced or enlarged.

126 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION e

Northern Hog Sucker Spawning The northern hog sucker is restricted to fresh waters of easter'n North America. It spawns in spring in riffles or near shallow sides of pools when the water temperature reaches 15.0 C (Scott and Crossman 1973).

Females are found in the riffles only when ready to spawn and usually stay in nearby pools the remainder of the time. In spawning activities, vigorous vibrations by each fish result in a slight depression in which the eggs are deposited. During spawning a female is accompanied by one or more males. Each spawning act lasts about 2 seconds and is repeated every 4 to 7 minutes (Raney and Lachner 1946). The eggs are yellow in color, demersal, nonadhesive, and are abandoned. The mean egg diameter (preserved) of 10 fertilized eggs was 3.5 mm (Gale and Mohr unpublished).

Larval Development Prolarvae -- Larvae of northern hog sucker hatched 10 days after fertilization at a mean temperature of 17.4 C. Ne~ly hatched larvae ranged from 9.0 to 10.6 mm (x 10,0 mm) total lerigth (TL); urostyle length ranged from 8.7 to 10.1 mm (x = 9.6 mm). The yolk sac was bulbous anteriorly immediately after hatching with only small oil globules dispersed throughout. They. were pigment free, had a slightly upturned urostyle, and as yolk was absorbed they became more cylindrical (Fig. D-lA).

The dorsal fin fold originated about 30/ TL behind the snout and was

127 continuous with the caudal and ventral fin folds. The preanal length'in the prolarvae was greater than the postanal length (Table D-l).

The eyes of larvae 12.0 mm TL were pigmented around the margin and the caudal fin rays began to develop (Fig. D-1B). No dorsal, ventral, or lateral pigment was evident. The mouth was open and pectoral fin rays began to develop at 12.6 mm TL (Fig. D-1C). Their eyes were more pigmented than the former, but the body remained relatively pigment free.

Postlarvae -- The postlarval stage began at 14.0 mm TL (Fig. D-1D) .

The dorsal fin started to develop and the swim bladder began to inflate.

The only melanophores present were on the dorsal surface of the head.

Larvae 15.0 mm TL (Fig. D-1E) became more densely pigmented on the dorsal surface of the head, along the dorsal section of the body, and on the swim bladder. In larvae 15.8 mm TL (Fig. D-1F) the dorsal fin rays began to develop, the dorsal body pigment was more dense that either the lateral or ventral pigment, and the overall pigmentation increased. The pigment on the dorsal surface of the head formed an almost triangular patch that

.was separated from the more anterior pigment by a pigment-free area between the eyes. Pelvic fins became apparent and formation of the anal fin began in postlarvae 16.8 mm TL (Fig. D-1G) . Pigmentation increased on the lateral surface of the body, the swim bladder, and along the dorsal portion of the gut. Development 'of the pelvic and anal fin rays began in the postlarvae 17.8 mm TL (Fig. D-1H). It is probable however, that .the anal fin rays developed earlier than pelvic fin rays.

128 Late Postlarvae The late postlarval stage began by 19.9 mm TL (Fig.

D-1I). Melanophores were more dispersed and smaller along the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the body. The almost triangular patch of pigment, between the eyes was similar to that in the larvae 15.8 mm TL. The number of melanophores on the swim bladder and the dorsal and ventral portions of the gut increased and became more dispersed and were smaller. Ventrally, a row of small melanophores was evident on the gut. Saddle-like bands of pigment, similar to those found in juveniles and adults, were evident in larvae 20.2 mm TL (Fig. D-1J). Body depth was greatest in front of the dorsal fin and became tapered posteriorly. In larvae 22.0 mm TL (Fig.

D-1K), development of all fin rays was nearly complete; pigmentation appeared at the base of the fins, and the saddle-like dorsal bands were more densely pigmented.

Juveniles In juveniles the body was fusiform (Fig. D-1L) . The head was large and lacked scales. Head length was 19.8/ TL (Table D-l).

Maximum body depth occurred near the origin of the dorsal fin and was 15.5/ TL. The mouth was protrusible and suctorial but less retractile than most suckers (Scott and Crossman 1973). The dorsal surface of the body had five, dark saddles; these were located near the head, anterior to the origin of the dorsal fin, at middorsal fin, over the anal fin, and on the caudal peduncle. Additional pigment was found in the juvenile between the saddles and at the base of the fins.

129 Shorthead Redhorse Spawning The shorthead redhorse is a widely distributed North American fresh-water fish that migrates to riffles in streams and rivers in the spring to spawn when water temperature reaches 11.1 C. Males arrive at the spawning grounds first and establish territories. Spawning usually takes place at night or in early morning, although it may occur throughout the day (Mansueti and Hardy 1967). Eggs in the ovaries varied from 13,500 to 27,150 in females 30.5 to 45.7 cm in length. When spawned, the eggs are scattered and abandoned; no nest is built (Scott and Crossman 1973). In the Susquehanna River near Berwick, spawning began in mid-May and lasted about 2 weeks (Gale and Mohr 1976) . Eggs are pale yellow and comparatively large; mean egg diameter (preserved) was 3.3 mm (Gale and Mohr 1976).

Larval Development Prolarvae Eggs hatched 8 days after fertilization at a mean temperature of 15.6 C. The newly hatched larvae ranged from 9.3 to 10.4 mm TL (x = 10.0 mm); urostyle length ranged from 8.7 to 9.9 mm (x = 9.4 mm).

They were cylindrical, pigment free, and had a slightly upturned urostyle (Fig. D-2A). Their mouth was incomplete, and pectoral fin buds were present. Small oil globules were dispersed throughout the yolk sac. The dorsal fin fold originated about 30/ TL behind the snout and was continuous with the caudal and ventral fin folds (Fig. D-2B). The preanal length was 4

greater than the postanal length (Table D-2).

130 The mouth opened, pigment on the dorsal surface of the head appeared, the eyes became pigmented, and development of the caudal fin began in larvae 12.9 mm TL (Fig. D-2C) . The dorsal surface, of the head had an almost triangular patch of pigment. Behind the head the pigment was scattered; no pigment was evident on lateral and ventral surfaces of the body (Fig. D-2C) .

The dorsal fin was established and the swim bladder began to inflate in larvae 13.8 mm TL (Fig. D-2D). Dorsal body pigment began to increase posteriorly and development of the caudal fin rays was more complete.

Postlarvae The postlarval stage began at 15.1 mm TL (Fig. D-2E) .

By 15.8 mm TL the dorsal fin rays began to develop, the formation of the anal fin began, and the dorsal fin fold separated from the caudal fin fold (Fig. D-2F); Development of the pectoral fin rays began at 16.0 mm TL (Fig. D-2G) and anal fin'ays began to develop at 16.7 mm TL (Fig. D-2H).

Pelvic fin buds appeared at 16.7 mm TL.

Three distinct rows of pigmentation occurred on the body in the postlarval stage. A middorsal row was most dense on the head and caudal peduncle, a midlateral row was present along the lateral line, and a midventral row was most dense near the caudal peduncle (Figs. D-2E and D-2H). Internal pigmentation was present on the swim bladder and along the dorsal section of the gut. Pigmentation on the dorsal and caudal fins increased as the fish increased in size.

131 Late Postlarvae -- The late postlarval stage began by 18.8 mm TL (Fig. D-2X). Body pigmentation of these larvae remained similar to the postlarval stage, except the midlateral melanophores were more dispersed and smaller in size. Also, that on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the caudal peduncle was less dense and it was sparse on the pectoral fins.

The formation of the pelvic fins and development of the fin rays in all other fins neared completion in the 18.8 mm TL larvae.

Juvenile The juvenile stage began by 29.3 mm TL (Fig. D-2J).

The body except the head, was covered with cycloid scales. Head length, as a percent of the total length, was larger in the juvenile (20.5X) than in the adult (17-19/). The mouth of the juvenile was small, inferior, and protrusible. Most of the body and the fins were covered with numerous small melanophores. The pigmentation on the caudal and dorsal fins was denser than, that on the others.

Rock Bass Spawning The rock bass, found in the fresh ~aters of east-central North America, spawns in late spring and early summer when the water temperature reaches 15.6-21.1 C. Males dig and defend shallownests up to 0.6 m in diameter. Spawning occurs at short intervals for one hour or more, but only a few adhesive eggs are laid at a time. More than one female may spawn in the same nest and one female may spawn in more than one nest.

132 Egg number in the ovaries varies from 3,000 to 11,000. The female leaves the nest after spawning, while the male guards and fans the eggs. The male later broods the young for a short period (Scott and Crossman 1973).

Mean egg diameter (preserved) was 2.2 mm (Gale and Mohr 1976).

Larval Development Prolarvae The newly hatched larva was pigment free, had an incomplete mouth, an ovoid yolk sac, a straight urostyle, and pectoral fin buds (Fig, D-,3A). The mean total length and urostyle length of three newly hatched larvae was 5.6 and 5.5 mm, respectively. A single large oil globule was present in the posterior area of the yolk. Preanal length was less than the postanal length (Table D-3).

In larvae 6.8 mm TL, the eyes were pigmented, the swim bladder began to inflate, and the mouth was open (Fig. D-3B). Pigmentation had appeared on the dorsal, ventral, and lateral surfaces. Relatively large melanophores were present on the top of the head, on the swim bladder, and a few occurred on either side of the dorsal fin fold. Lateral and ventral pigment consisted of large melanophores on the body and yolk sac.

In larvae 6.9 mm TL (Fig. D-3C) the lateral and ventral pigment was more dense and'development of the caudal fin rays began.

Postlarvae The postlarval stage began by 8.6 mm (Fig. D-3D) . At this size, development of the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fin rays started.

The pigmentation on the dorsal surface of the head was more dense than

133 that found in prolarvae and consisted of a concentration of large melano-phores behind the eyes and a separate, more anterior patch, between'the eyes. Xn larvae 9.1 mm TL (Fig. D-3E), development of the fin rays was more advanced; pigmentation was similar to the earlier postlarvae.

Pigmentation on dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces was dense; the spinous dorsal fin began to form in larvae 10.3 mm TL (Fig. D-3F).

Late Postlarvae The late postlarval stage began by 13.5 mm (Fig.

D-3G). At this size the pelvic fin rays developed; pigmentation on the dorsal, ventral, and lateral surfaces was more dense. Large melanophores were present on the coiled gut and the formation of saddle-like bands of pigment on the lateral body surface was evident.

Juvenile The body of the juvenile was relatively deep and laterally compressed; the greatest depth (37/ of TL) occurred at the origin of the dorsal fin (Fig. D-3H) . The eyes were large and located high, well in front of the center of the head. Head size was about 31/ TL.

The maxillary reached the middle or posterior edge of pupil and the base of the dorsal fin was twice as long as the anal fin base. The dorsal fin had 11 spines and the anal fin had 6. Several indistinct saddles of pigmentation occurred on the lateral surface, and each scale below the lateral line was marked with a black spot. The eyes of the juvenile were red and the opercular flap had a vague black spot. The dorsal and anal fin spines were darker than the interconnecting membranes.

134 Redbreast Sunfish Spawning The redbreast sunfish is a freshwater fish found in eastern North America that usually spawns in mid to late June when water temperature reaches 16.7-27.8 C. Males move first from deep water to the spawning grounds in shallow water. Nests are large, varying 'from 0.6 to 1.0 m in diameter. In streams, the nests are built in the current, usually on the downstream side of a rock. It sometimes spawns in nests of other centrar-chids. The female leaves after the eggs are laid while the male guards the nest and fans the eggs (Scott and Crossman 1973). The eggs are moderate in size, yellow, and adhesive. Mean egg diameter (preserved) was 2.1 mm.

In two of three redbreast sunfish nests collected in 1974 and one in 1975, eggs of the swallowtail shiner were found. Utilization of the nest of one species by another in the same family (Raney 1940, Lachner 1952) or from different families including minnow-sunfish combinations (Kramer and Smith 1960, Hunter and Wisby 1961, and Hunter and Hasler 1965) has been documented. However, the redbreast sunfish-swallowtail shiner association was not found in the literature.

Larval Development Prolarvae The newly hatched larva had an incomplete mouth, ovoid yolk sac, pectoral fin buds, and a straight uiostyle (Fig. D-4A). A single large oil globule was found in the posterior area of the yolk.

The total length ranged from 4.6 to 5.1 mm (x = 4.9 mm) and the urostyle

135 length ranged from 4.5 to 5.0 mm (x = 4.8 mm). The preanal length was slightly less than postanal length (Table D-4).

At 6.0 mm TL the larvae had pigmented eyes, but lacked pigmentation on the dorsal, ventral, and lateral portions of the body (Fig. D-4B).

In larvae 7.8 mm TL (Fig. D-4C), the swim bladder began to inflate, melanophores formed on the head, the mouth opened, and development of the caudal fin rays began. Also, the dorsal and anal fins began to form. No lateral or ventral pigment was found in 7.8 mm TL larvae, but a few melano-phores were found on the dorsal surface of the head.

Postlarvae -- The postlarval stage began at 7.9 mm TL (Fig. D-4D).

D In larvae 8.0 mm TL (Fig. D-4E) lateral and ventral body pigment was present, dense pigment was found on the swim bladder, and the pigmented area on the dorsal surface of the head increased in size, In larvae 8.1 mm TL (Fig. D-4F) dorsal, anal, and pectoral fin rays began to develop, and the pigmented area on the lateral and ventral surfaces of the body increased in size. In larvae 9.8 mm TL (Fig. D-4G) development of dorsal, pectoral, and anal fin rays was more advanced.

Dorsal and ventral body pigment was more dense, formation of the spinous dorsal fin occurred, and pelvic fin buds were present in larvae 11.'8 mm TL (Fig. D-4H) .

Late Postlarvae The late postlarval stage began by 19.0 mm TL (Fig. D-4I) . Pigmentation was dense on the dorsal body surface. Laterally, the pigmented area increased'nd the formation of bands of pigment was evident. Head size was 27X TL, while body depth was 26/ TL.

136 Juvenile In the juvenile the body was deep and laterally compressed; greatest depth occurred at the origin of the dorsal fin (Fig. D-4J) . The opercular flaps of the juvenile were black and shorter than in the adults.

The large eyes of the juvenile were situated in front of the center of the head. The maxillary was short, and reached only to the anterior edge of the eye. The base of the dorsal fin was more than twice as long as the base of the anal fin. There was usually 10 or 11 dorsal spines and 3 or 4 anal spines. Pigmentation consisted of numerous small melano-phores surrounding each scale. The fins were dusty to mottled,

137 REFERENCES CITED Berry, F. H. and W. J. Richards. 1973. Characters useful to the study of larval fishes. Pages 48-65 in A. L. Pacheco (ed.) Proceedings of a workshop on egg, larval and juvenile stages of fish in Atlantic coast estuaries. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Mid. Atl. Coast. Fish. Cent.,

Tech. Publ. No. 1. 338 pp.

4 Gale, W. F. 1977. Miniature aquarium system for rearing small numbers of fish larvae. Prog. Fish-Cult. 39: 10-13.

Gale, W. F. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1976. Spawning and larval-fish drift.

Pages 172-230 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December 1974). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.

Hubbs, C. L. 1943. Terminology of early stages of fishes. Copeia 1943: 260.

Hunter, J. R. and A. D. Hasler. 1965. Spawning association of the red-fin shiner, ~Notre is umbratilis, and the green sunfish, L~eomis

~c anellus. Copefa 1965: 265-281.

Hunter, J. R. and W. J. Wisby. 1961. Utilization of the nests of green sunfish (~Le ernie ~canellus) by the redfin shiner (~Notre is umbratilis Kramer, R. H. and L. L. Smith, Jr. 1960. Utilization of nests of largemouth Copeia 1960: 73-74.

Lachner, E. A. 1952. Studies of the biology of the cyprinid fishes of the chub genus Nocomis of northeastern United States. Am. Midi. Nat.

48: 433-466.

Mansueti, A. Js and J. D. Hardy, Jr. 1967. Development of fishes of the Chesapeake Bay region. An atlas of egg, larval, and juvenile stages:

Part I. Nat. Resour. Inst.,Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore. 202 pp.

May, E. B. and C. R. Gasaway. 1967. A preliminary key to the identification of larval fishes of Oklahoma, with particular references to Canton Reservoir, including a selected bibliography. Okla. Fish. Res. Lab.

Bull... 5, Contr. 164. 33 pp.

138 Raney. E. 0. 1940. The breeding behavior of the oommon shiner, ~Notre is cornutus (Mitchill). Zoologica 25: 1-14.

Raney, E. C. and E. A. Lachner. 1946. 'Age, growth, and habits of the hog 36: 76-86.

Scott, W. B,. and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada.

Fish. Res. Board Can., Bull. 184.. 966 pp.

r Siefert, R. E. 1969. Characteristics for separation of white and black crappie larvae. Trans.'Amer. Fish. Soc. 98: 326-328.

Table D-1. Morphometric and meristic characters of the northern hog sucker from the Susquehanna River, 1975 (R range, x ~ mean, and M mode).

Number of Len th mm Eye Diameter Greatest Body Life Stage M omere Number Pish Total Urostyle Postanal Head (mm) Depth (mm) Preanal Postanal Total 20 x 11.6 11.0 2.5 1.7 0.7 1.7 prolarvae M 38 5 43 R 9.0-14.2 8.7-13.2 1.5-3.5 1.0-2.3 0.5-0.8 1.4-1.9 R 36-38 5-7 41-44 20 x 15.9 14. 3 4.4 2.7 1.0 2.1 postlarvae M 35 7 42 R 13.9-18.0 12.9-15.8 3.5-5.1 2.1-3.5 0.9-1.2 1.5-2.7 R 34-36 7-8 41-44 20 x 20.0 16.6 6.5 3.9 1.4 3.0 late 34 7 41 R 17.2-22.0 15.0-18.6 4.9-7.8 3.3-4.6 1.1-1.7 2.5-3.8 pos'tlarvae R 33-35 7-8 40-43 27.8 21.9 11.2 5.5 1.9 4.3 5uvenile

Table D-2. Morphometric and meristic characters of the shorthead redhorse from the Susquehanna River, 1974 (R ~ range, x ~ mean, and 8 ~ mode).

Number of Len th mm Eye Diameter Greatest Body. Life Stage M omere Number Pish Total Urostyle Postanal Head ;mm) Depth (mm) Preanal Postanal Total 20 x 12.6 11.7 3.1 1.9 0.8 1.6 prolarvae M 35 6 40,41 R 10.2-13.8 9.7-12.9 2.2-3.8 1.3-2.3 0.6-0.9 1.5-1.8 R 34-35 5-7 40-41 20 x 15.2 13 ' 4.4 2.8 1.0 2.1 postlarvae M 34 7 41 R 13.4-16.6 12.4-14.4 3.4-5.1 2.3-3.3 0.9-1.2 1.6-2.6 R 33-35 6-7 39-41 20 x 17.7 14. 8 5.8 3.5 1.2 2.6 late M 32 7 38 R 16.2-19.0 13.6-15.8 5.1-6.5 3.1-3.9 1.1-1.3 2. 2-2. 9 postlarvae R 30-34 6-8 38-41 29.3 23.2 11.4 6.0 2.0 5.2 Juvenile

Table D-3. Morphometric and meristic characters of the rock bass from the Susquehanna River, 1975 (R ~ range, x ~ mean, and M ~ mode).

Number of Len th mm Eye Diameter Greatest Body Life Stage M omere Number Pish Total Urostyle Postanal Head (mm) Depth (mm) Preanal Postanal Total 10 R 6.1 5 9 ' 3 1.0 0.6 1.8 prolarvae M 13 18 32, R 5.2-6.9 5.1-6.6 2.7-3.8 0.7-1.6 0.4-0.7 1.6-2.0 ,R 12-14 17-19 30-32 10 x 7.8 6.8 4.2 2.1 0.9 2.1 postlarvae M 12i13 I7 29 R 6.8-9.1 6.0-7.7 3.6-4.8 1.8-2.6 0.8-1.0 1.7-2.4 R 12-13 17-18 29-31 x 13.4 10.9 7.2 3.9 1.5 3.9 late M 13 16 28,29 R 12.6-13.8 10.2-11.3 6.9-7.4 3.5-4.2 1.4-1.5 3.5-4.1 postlarvae R 12-13 16-17 28-30 30.6 24.2 17.8 9.5 3.3 11.2 juvenile

Table D-4. Morphometric and meristic characters of the redbreast sunfish from the Susquehanna River, 1976 (R range, x mean, and M mode).

Number of Len th (mm Eye Diameter Greatest Body Life Stage M omere Number Fish Total Urostyle Postanal Head (mm) Depth (mm) Preanal Postanal Total 10 x 6.7 6.5 3.6 1.2 0.6 2.0 prolarvae M 12 17 30 R 5.0-7.9 4.9-7.7 2.4-4.2 0.7-1.7 0.5-0.7 1.5-2.5 R 12;14 16-18 28-31 10 x 8.8 7.9 4.6 2.1 0~8 1.8 postlarvae M 12 16 28 R 7.9-11.8 7.1-9.9 4.3-5.8 1.8-3.3 0.7-1.1 1.5-2.9 R 12-14 14-18 27-30 x 18.0 14. 6 9.3 4.9 1.7 4.7 late M 12 16 28 R 15.0-20.0 12.5-16.0 F 7-10.4 4.3-5.5 1.6-1.8 4.0-5.1 postlarvae R 12-14 14-16 27-29 36.0 28.5 19.0 10.4 3.2 11.8 5uvenile

143 (10.2; 9.7)

(12.0; 11A)

(12.6; 12.0)

(14.0; 13.1)

(16.0; 13.7)

(15.8; 14.3)

($ a Development of the northern hog sucker. A-C. prolarvae.

D-H. postlarvae. I-K. late postlarvae. L. )uvenile.

B, F, and I show lateral, dorsal, and ventral views.

Numbers in parenthesis are lengths (total; urostyle) .

144 G

(16.8; 15.0)'

(17.8; 15.3)

(19.9; 16.9)

(20.2; 16.9)

(22.0; 18.6)

(27.8; 21.9)

Fig. D-1 (cont.)

145 4 . g. I I' (9.3: 9.1)

(10.2; 9.7)

(12.9; 12.2)

(13.8; 12.9)

(15.1; 14.0)

+:e vs.

)g~iey OCW++ g ~ ~

+oi e 0 O ~ ~ ~ ~I ~~

++ teyqglahae+

(

p~)l ~ I~II yL Qf ~

Development of the shorthead redhorse. A-D. prolarvae.

E-H. postlarvae. I. late postlarvae. J. )uvenile.

C, E, and H show lateral, dorsal, and ventral views.

Numbers in parenthesis are lengths (total; urostyle) .

146 (15.8; 14.1)

(16.0; 14.0)

(16.7; 14.3)

I~

-'I)j (18.8; 15.8)

(29.3; 23.2)

Fig. D-2 ( cont. )

147 (5.6; 59) p". (6.8; 6.5) rii '-- irZnr i<S~WV e <~i a Og (6.9; 6.4)

~kg ~ ~

r/rg//p~

(8.6; 7.5)

~ (P/gP / r

( +~a+

0 r iie A-C. prolarvae. D-F. postlarvae.

Development 'of the rock bass.

G. late postlarvae. H. juvenile. B, D, and G show lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. Numbers in parenthesis are lengths (total; urostyle).

148 E ~s (9.1; .7.7) po F ~/0 ~e (10.3; 8.6)

I=

r fl~tprgpg/X (13.5; 11.0)

G

~ ~

of ~~

(30.6; 24.2)

Fig. D-3 (cont.)

149 (5.2: 53)

(6.0: 5.9)

(7.8: 7.6)

(7.9; 7.6)

(8.0: 7.2)

~ '

~o Development of the redbreast sunfish. A-C. prolarvae.

D-H. postlarvae. I. late postlarvae. J. juvenile.

C, E, and H show lateral, dorsal, and ventral views.

Numbers in parenthesis are lengths (total; urostyle) .

150 (8.1; 7.1)

' -~

w Fig. D-4 (cont.)

151 LARVAL FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Harold W. Mohr, Jr.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o 153 INTRODUCTION................................ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 153 P ROCEDURES ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i 153 RE SULTS ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 154 REFERENCES CITED.......... ~ ......... ~ .. ~ ........ ~ ~ . ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 157 LIST OF TABLES Table E-l. Species of larval fish collected at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River," 1976. Names and order of listing conform to Bailey et al. (1970) ... .;................. ~ 159 Table E-2. Mean density of larval fishes/10 m 3 in 5-min pump samples (3 surface and 3 bottom replicates/sampling period) at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, 6 and 12 Ma y 1976................................... 160 Table E-3. Mean . . '. 20 and 28 May 1976.......................... 161 Table E-4. Mean . . . 2 and 8 June 1976........................... 162 Table E-5. Mean . . . 16 and 25 June '1976......................... 163

152 Page Mean density of larval fishes/10 m 3 in 5-min pump samples (3 surface and 3 bottom replicates/sampling period) at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, 7 and 20 July 1976. 164 Mean . . . 5 and 18 August 1976........................ 165 LIST OF FIGURES Mean density of larvae captured during each sampling period on the Susquehanna River, 1975 and 1976.........

153 ABSTRACT In 1976 a total of 1,019 larvae of at least 9 fishes was collected at SSES-A from 6 May through 18 August. Quillback composed 40/ of the total catch and were the most abundant larvae collected. Mean larval 3

fish density was almost twice as great near the surface (7.9 fish/10 m )

3 3 as near bottom (4.6 fish/10 m ). Mean density at night (9.6 fish/10 m )

3 was more than threefold greater than during the day (2.9 fish/10 m ).

About 98X of the overall catch were prolarvae; of these 63/ were collected near the surface.

INTRODUCTION Samples were collected in 1976 to monitor the relative abundance and density of larval fishes drifting downriver in the vicinity of the Susque-hanna SES. Data analyzed are from 144 collections taken at SSES-A (Fig.

A-2) .

PROCEDURES Larval fish were sampled from early May through mid-August 1976.

Three replicate surface and bottom samples were taken at 0900 and 2100 h at SSES-A on 6, 12,<< 20, and 28 May; 2, 8, 16, and 25 June; 7 and 20 July; and 5 and 18 August. Samples were collected with a high-capacity, gasoline-powered trash pump mounted on a pontoon boat (Gale and Mohr 1976a). The pump intake was positioned upriver and could be lowered to the bottom of the River and raised by a hand winch.

154 Pumping rate was approximately 2,500 liters/min. The volume of water sampled was determined by multiplying pumping duration (5 min) by pumping rate. This was considered one unit of effort. Pumping rate was deter-mined in May by twice filling a 1,280-liter trough. In June-August, a hand-held tachometer (Stewart-Warner Model 757-W) was used to estimate pumping rate. A reading of about 2,900 revolutions/min resulted in the 3

pumping of 11.3 m of water/5 min. This rate was constant throughout the remainder of the sampling program.

Larvae were collected by filtering the water through a No. 76 mesh (216 p opening) net attached on the back of the boat. Samples were preserved with 10/ formalin containing rose bengal stain.

In the laboratory, all larvae were sorted, identified, and stored in vials of 10X buffered formalin. Prolarvae were de'fined as fish with yolk, and postlarvae were those without yolk until scalation began (Hubbs 1943).

Larval fish were identified by comparing them to laboratory-reared specimens in reference series and by using keys of Fish (1932), Norden (1961), Mansueti (1964), Mansueti and Hardy (1967), May and Gasaway (1967), Taber,(1969),

Meyer (1970), and Lippson and Moran (1974).

RESULTS A total of 1,019 larvae of at least 9 fishes (Table E-1) was collected from 6 May through 18 August at SSES-A in 1976 (Tables E-2 through E-7).

Walleye and minnow prolarvae were the first collected (Table,E-2); On 12 May quillback prolarvae, white sucker pro- and postlarvae, and tessel-lated darter prolarvae were first taken (Table E-2). Carp and shorthead

155 redhorse prolarvae were collected on 28 May (Table E-3) and 2 June (Table E-4), respectively. Shorthead redhorse and minnow postlarvae were first captured on 8 June (Table E-4) . Quillback postlarvae were first collected on-16 June and spottail shiner and spotfin shiner postlarvae were first

,taken on 26 June (Table E-5). Spottail shiner, spotfin shiner, and probably other minnows were present earlier but could not be positively identified and were tabulated as "unidentified minnows." By the 7 July sample, larvae of carp and suckers were no longer collected (Table E-6).

On 18 August, 1 channel catfish postlarvae was taken (Table E-7).

As was found in 1975 (Buynak and Mohr 1976), three families of fish composed over 99/ of the 'tota <. catch. Suckers were the most abundant (42/), followed by minnows 'and carps (37/), and perches (20X). Overall, the catch/unit effort was similar in 1975 and 1976 at SSES-A (Fig. E-l).

In both years it peaked between 20 May and 20 June. After 1 July very few larvae/unit effort were captured. The peaks in the number of larvae captured in 1975 and 1976 occurred when large numbers of minnows, quill-back, and tessellated darter were captured. In 1975 a second peak occurred near the end of June wh'en carp, unidentified minnows, and tessellated darter were abundant (Buynak and Mohr 1976).

The mean densities of larval fish collected increased from less than 3

0.3 fish/10 m 3

on 6 May (Table E-2) to a maximum of over 27.0 fish/10 m on 16 June (Table E-5) when carp, unidentified minnows,. quillback, and tessellated darter were the most abundant. Mean densities then decreased 3 August.

to 0.7 fish/10 m or less from 25 June through 18

156 In 1976 quillback were the most abundant larvae collected, as in 1974 (Gale and Mohr 1976b) and 1975 (Buynak and Mohr 1976) .

Quillback composed 40% of the total catch in 1976; almost 80% were caught at night and nearly 85% were taken near the surface. Unidentified minnows were next in abundance (33%) followed by tessellated darter (20%),

and carp (3%). Maximum densities of unidentified minnows were present 3

on 8 June when over 10.0 fish/10 m were collected (Table E-4). Maximum densities of quillback were present on 16 June when more than 11.0 fish/

3 10 m were collected (Table E-5). Carp and tessellated darter also reached maximum densities on 16 June, when over "2.0 and 5.0 3 fish/10 m were collected, respectively (Table E-5).

Of the total number of larvae collected in 1976, 63% were taken near the surface of the River. The mean larval fish density was nearly twice as large near the surface (7.9 fish/10 m 3 ) as near the bottom (4.6 fish/

3 10 m ). Most of the quillback (84%), tessellated darter (76%), and carp (71%) were collected near the surface, while cyprinids other than carp were most frequently collected near the bottom (70%).

'J Prolarvae were collected more frequently and composed 98% of the total catch. Prolarvae (63%) and postlarvae (68%) were more frequently collected near the surface than near bottom.

In 1976, most (77%) of the larvae were taken at night. Mean density 3

at night (9.6 fish/10 m ) was over threefold more than during the day 3

(2.9 fish/10 m ). Most of the tessellated darter (94%), quillback (79%),

carp (74%), and unidentified minnows (65%) were captured at night.

158 Norden, C. R. 1961. The identification of larval yellow perch, Parce flavescens and walleye, Stizostedion vitreum. Copeia 1961: 282-288.

Taber, C. A. 1969. The distribution and identification of larval fishes in the Buncombe Creek arm of Lake Texoma with observations on~spawning habits and relative abundance. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Okla. 106 pp.

157 REFERENCES CITED Bailey, R. M., J. E. Fitch, E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. R. Robins, and W. B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. 3rd ed., Spec.

Publ. No. 6, Amer. Fish. Soc. 150 pp.

Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1976. Larval fishes. Pages 162-174 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual Report for 1975). Ichthyological Associates, Inc.,

Berwick, Pa.

Fish, M. P. 1932. Contributions to the early life histories of sixty-two species of fishes from Lake Erie and its tributary waters. U.S. Fish.

Bull. 47..293-398.

Gale, W. F. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1976a. Spawning and larval-fish drift.

Pages 172-230 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December 1974) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.

Gale, W. F. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1976b- Larval fishes. Pages 141-171 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susque-hanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December 1974). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.

Hubbs,. C. L. 1943. Terminology of early stages of fishes. Copeia. 1943:

260.

Lippson, A. J. and R. L. Moran. 1974. Manual for identification of early developmental stages of fishes of the Potomac River Estuary. Martin Marietta Corp., Environ. Tech. Cent., Baltimore, Md. 282 pp.

Mansueti, A. J. 1964. Early development of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens. Chesapeake Sci. 5: 46-66.

Mansueti, A. J. and J. D. Hardy, Jr. 1967. Development of fishes of the Chesapeake Bay region. An atlas of egg, larval, and juvenile stages.

Part I. Nat. Resour. Inst., Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore. 202 pp.

May', E. B. and C. R. Gasaway., 1967. A preliminary key to the identification of larval fishes of Oklahoma, with particular reference to Canton Reservoir, including a selected bibliography. Okla. Fish. Res. Lab.

Bull 5, Contr. 164. 33 pp.

Meyer, F. A. 1970. Development of some larval centrarchids. Frog. Fish-Cult. 32: 130-136.

159 Table E-1. Species of larval fish. collected at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, 1976. Names and order of listing conform to Bailey et al. (1970).

Cyprinidae Minnows and Carps

~Crinus ~car io carp

.~Notro is huds'onius spottail shiner Unidentified Cyprinidae unidentified minnows Catostomidae Suckers

~Car fades ~crlnus qulllback Catostomus commersoni white sucker Moxostoma macrole idotum shorthead redhorse Ictaluridae Freshwater Catfishes lctalurus ~unctaeus channel catfish Percidae Perches Etheostoma olmstedi tessellated darter Stizostedion vitreum walleye

160 Table E-2. Mean density of larval fishes/10 m 3 in 5-min pump samples (3 surface and 3 bottom replicates/sampling period) at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, 6 and 12 May 1976.

6 Ma 12 Ma Sampling period 0902-0938 2100-2136 0900-0935 2108-2143 Location Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Collection No. HWM-76-001 004 007 010 013 016 019 022 002 005 008 011 014 017 020 023 003 006 009 012 015 018 021 024

~Secures Unidentified minnows prolarva 0 0 0.3 0 0.3 0.3 0 0.3 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Quillback prolarva 0 0 0 0 0 03 18 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 White sucker prolarva 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0.6 0 0.6 0 Tessellated darter prolarva 0 0 0 0 2.4 0.6 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 Walleye prolarva 0 03 03 0 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

161 Table E-3. Mean density of larval fishes/10 m 3 in 5-min pump samples (3 surface and 3 bottom replicates/sampling period) at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, 20 and 28 May 1976.

20 Ma 28 Ma Sampling period 0900-0936 2100-2135 0900-0937 2108-2144 Location Sur Bot Sur Bot . Sur Bot Sur Bot Collection No. HWM-76-025 028 031 034 037 040 043 046 026 029 032 035 038 041 044 047

~Secures 027 030 033 036 039 042 045 048 Carp prolarva 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 minnows 0'nidentified prolarva 3.8 2.1 0. 3 2.1 0. 3 2.4 2.4 1.2

.postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 guillback prolarva 2.9 0.6 2.1 0.9 3.2 4.7 13.6 0.6 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 White sucker prolarva 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 1.2 0. 6 0 0 0.6 0 Tessellated darter prolarva 0.9 0.9 0.3 0 3.2 1.5 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentifiable 0 0 0.6 0 0.6 0.3 0

162 Table E-4. Mean density of larval fishes/10 m 3 in 5-min pump samples (3 surface and 3 bottom replicates/sampling period) at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, 2 and 8 June 1976.

2 June 8 June Sampling period 0859-0934 2100-2137 0901-0935 2059-2135 Location Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Collection Nc. HWM-76-049 052 055 058 069 '72 075 078 050 053 056 059 070 073 076 079 051 054 057 060 071 074 077 080

~Secures Carp prolarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified minnows prolarva 0.9 2.1 1.2 2. 1 1.5 5.6 8.6 25.1 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Quillback prolarva 1.2 5.0 17.7 2.1 3.2 2.9 10.0 1.5 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shorthead redhorse prolarva 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.6 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 Tessellated darter prolarva 0 0.9 5.6 0.9 0 1.2 12.7 4.1 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentifiable 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.3

163 Table E-5. 5fean density of larval fishes/10 m 3 in 5-min pump samples (3 surface and 3 bottom replicates/sampling period) at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, 16 and 25 June 1976.

16 June 25'une Sampling period 0905-0945 2103-2145 0901-0935 2100-2135 Location Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Collection No. HWM-76-216 219 222 225 309 312 315 318 217 220 223 226 310 313 316 319 218 221 224 227 311 314 317 320

~Sec1es Carp prolarva 2. 7,0 4.1 2.7 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spottail shiner prolarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0' 0 0.3 Spotfin shiner prolarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 Unidentified minnows prolarva l. 2 11.5 7.7 11.2 03 09 03 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Quillback prolarva 0.3 0.3 44.2 0. 6 0 0 0.3 0 postlarva 0 03 03 0 0 0 0 0 Tessellated darter prolarva 0 0 19. 2 4.1 0 0 0.6 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

164 Table E-6, Mean density of larval fishes/10 m 3 in 5-min pump samples (3 surface and 3 bottom replicates/sampling period) at SSES-A on the Susquehanna River, 7 and 20 July 1976.

7 Jul 20 Jul Sampling period 0901-0936 2102-2137 0859-0933 2100-2134 Location Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Collection No. HWM-76-321 324 327 330 333 336 339 342 322 325 328 331 334 337 340 343 323 326 329 332 335 338 341 344

~Secures Spotfin shiner prolarva 0 0 0 0 0~ 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 Unidentified minnows prolarva 0 1.2 0.3 0 0 0 3 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 '

Tessellated darter prolarva 0 0 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

165 3

Table E-7. Mean density of larval fishes/10 m in 5-min pump samples (3 surface and 3 bottom replicates/sampling period) at SSES-A on the susquehanna River, 5 and 18 August 1976.

5 Au ust 18 Au ust Sampling period 0853-0933 2104-2138 0855-0930 2100-2138 Location Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Sur Bot Collection No. HUM-76-345 348 351 354 357 360 363 366 346 349 352 355 358 361 364 367

~Secures 347 350 353 356 359 362 365 368 Spotfin shiner prolarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 03 03,0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified minnows prolarva 0 06 09 06 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Channel catfish prolarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 postlarva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3

166 50 40 30

- - 1975 1976 20 10 10 20 1 10 20 1 10 20 1 10 20 M J J A Fig. E-1. Mean density of larvae captured during each sampling period on the Susquehanna River, 1975 and 1976.

167 ELECTROFISHING OF FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

169 INTRODUCTION.............................................. ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 169 PROCEDURES ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

169 RESULTS ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 171 REFERENCES CITED...................................................... 174 LIST OF TABLES Table F-l. Description of electrofishing runs on the Susquehanna Rivery 1976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

175 Table F-2. List of fishes collected or observed at SSFS and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1976. Names and order of listing conform to Bailey et al. (1970) ........,..... 176 Table F-3. Frequency of occurrence and species composition (percent) of fish captured using a DC electrofisher at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1976............................. 177 Table F-4. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 29 March 1976.......

168 Page Table F-5. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 14 April 1976....... 179 Table F-6. Number . . . 12-13 May 1976............ ................ 180 Table F-7. Number... 29 June 1976.. 181 Table F-8. Number . . . 14 July 1976............................... 182 Table F-9. Number . . . 19 August 1976.................. ..........

~ 183 Table F-10. Number . . . 22 September 1976.......................... 184 Table F-l.l. Number . . . 28 October 1976.................. .... . .~ ~ ~ ~ 185 Table F-12. Number . . . 16 November 1976. .. .. . . ... .... ...

~ ~ ~ 186 Table F-13. Frequency of occurrence and species composition (percent) of fish captured using a DC electrofisher at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1976.......................... 187 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. F-l. Sampling stations for electrofishing (EL) and seining (SN) on the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES site, 1976........ ~

................ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 188

169 ABSTRACT At SSES and Bell Bend a total of 4,332 specimens of at least 26 fishes was observe'd. Quillback, white sucker, northern hog sucker, shorthead redhorse, smallmouth bass, and walleye composed 77/ of the specimens observed. The white sucker-was the most abundant specimen observed at both stations. Significantly more specimens (P<0.05, n = 34) were observed/unit effort at Bell Bend than at SSES. The Bell Bend east site yielded a greater catch/effort (P<0.01, n = 17) than the west site.

More specimens/unit effort (P<0.05, n 16) were observed at night at Bell Bend than during the day. At SSES, no significant differences in the catch were observed at either the east and west site, or during the day and night.

INTRODUCTION Electrofishing was conducted in 1976 to determine species composition and relative abundance of large fish near the Susquehanna SES. Included here are data gathe'red from SSES and Bell Bend in 68 electrofishing collections. The'se baseline data will be used to asses the environmental impact of'construction and operation of the Susquehanna SES on large fish.

PROCEDURES Electrofishing was conducted once per month from March through November at SSES and Bell Bend (two 1,000-m runs each) using a DC electrofisher.

The two sites at SSES were upriver from the proposed intake and discharge

170 structures and the two at Bell Bend were downriver from them (Table F-1; Fig. F-1). The electrofisher has been used to sample large fish since 1972. The major components are a 4-KW Onan generator, a variable voltage pulsator (Power Control Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), and an 18-ft Slat-bottomed boat. A more detailed description of the electro-fisher is given by Ichthyological Associates (1973).

Each site was electrofished once during the morning and once at night.

Each run was considered one unit of effort. Night sampling was started one hour after sunset starting in April. On a run, the electrofishing boat was driven slowly downriver, parallel to and from 1 to 15 m from shore. Stunned fish, excluding cyprinids except carp and large fallfish, were identified to species and counted by two observers on the bow, or by the boat operator when the fish surfaced in the water behind the observers.

These data were recorded on a cassette tape recorder (Craig No. 8108) by one of the observers on the bow of the boat. Fish which could not be positively identified in the water were captured for closer examination; those that escaped were recorded as unidentified.

Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, air and water temperatures, and Secchi disc re'adings were measured at the surface near midriver at each station at the end of the daylight runs. The same parameters, except Secchi disc reading, were determined at night. Dissolved oxygen concen-trations and water temperature were measured with a Yellow Springs Instrument Company (Model 54) oxygen meter. The pH was determined using a Leeds and Northrup (Model 7417) pH meter. Air temperature was measured with a Sybron Corporation (Taylor) field thermometer and the limit of visibility was measured with a Secchi disc.

171 test" (Siegel J

All data were analyzed using a "nonparametric sign 195'6) to determine if there were significant differences in the numbers of fish captured at the various sites.

RESULTS In 1976 a total of 1,965 specimens of at least 22 fishes was observed at SSES by electrofishing from March through November (Tables F-2 and F-3).

Six fishes composed 78/ of the catch at SSES (Table. F-3). The white sucker was the most abundant fish observed and composed 23.8/ of the total catch. It was followed in abundance by shorthead redhorse (16.8/), small-mouth bass (15.4/), quillback (7.7/), walleye (7.2/), and northern hog sucker (7.1/). The percent composition of the total catch of northern hog sucker, smallmouth bass, and walleye at SSES increased from 23.4/ in 1975 (Buynak and Gurzynski 1976) to 29.6/ in 1976. This increase might be due to improved water quality near the Susquehanna.SES site (Fig. A-3).

The number of species observed per month at SSES decreased from April through July, increased in August and September, and decreased in October.

The largest number of fishes was taken in April and September at SSES (Table F-3) . White sucker, shorthead redhorse, smallmouth bass; and walleye were the only fishes observed in all months. Quillback were observed in 8 out of 9 months sampled. Most fish were observed in May.

The catch/unit effort increased from March through May, decreased through July, increased through September, and was low in October and November.

172 At SSES, no significant differences were found in the total numbers of fish observed at the east (853) and west (1,112) sites. Twenty of the 22 fishes taken were observed at both sites.

The numbers and kinds of fishes observed during the day and night were similar. Totals of 927 specimens of at least 22 fishes were observed during the day and 1,038 specimens of at least 21 fishes were observed at night (Tables F-4 through F-12). Of the 22 fishes observed at SSES, only the yellow bullhead was taken during the day and not at night.

In 1976 the catch/unit effort at Bell Bend was significantly greater (P<0.01, n = 34) than at SSES when a total of 2,367 specimens of at least 27 fishes were observed at Bell Bend from March through November (Table F-13). The same six species that were the most abundant at SSES were also the most abundant at Bell Bend. At Bell Bend they composed 76/ of the total catch. White sucker, the most abundant species observed, composed 26,0/ of the catch at Bell Bend. Smallmouth bass was the next most abundant species observed (20.5/), followed by shorthead redhorse (9.7/),

quillback (9.5/), walleye (5.5/), and northern hog sucker (4.7/). As at SSES, the percent composition of the total catch of northern hog sucker, smallmouth bass, and walleye increased from 19.3/ in 1975 (Buynak and Gurzynski 1976) to 30.7/ in 1976.

The number of fishes observed per month at Bell Bend remained high (16-18 fishes) from April through September and was low in March (9),

October (10), and November (11) (Table F-13). White sucker, northern hog sucker, shorthead redhorse, smallmouth bass, and walleye were observedin all months sampled. The largest number of fish was observed in May.

173 A cisco, and, for the first time, a "tiger" muskellunge were observed at Bell Bend. The cisco probably migrated out of Harvey's Lake (Luzerne County) where the Pennsylvania Fish Commission stocked them from 1969 to 1972 (Denoncourt et al. 1975). The tiger muskellunge may have migrated out of Francis Slocum Lake (Luzere Co.), upriver from the Susquehanna SES.

They were stocked in the Lake in the early 1970's as fingerlings (personal communication, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, 20 January 1977).

As was found in 1975, a significantly larger (P<0.01, n = 17) catch/unit effort was observed at the east site at Bell Bend. Totals of 1,303 specimens of at least 22 fishes and 1,064 specimens of at least 21 fishes were observed at the east and west sites at Bell Bend, respectively (Tables F-4 through F-12). Brown trout, river chub, and white catfish were taken only at the Bell Bend east site; redbreast sunfish and yellow perch were taken only a t the Bell Bend west site. More fish were observed at the east site because they probably tended to congregate near the mouth of Wapwallopen Creek.

At Bell Bend significantly more (P<0.01, n = 16) fish/unit effort were observed at night than during the day. Totals of 873 specimens of at least 22 fishes and 1,494 specimens of at least 24 fishes were observed during the day and night, respectively (Tables F-4 through F-12). The river chub and redbreast sunfish were taken only during the day. Cisco, brown trout, golden shiner, and white catfish were observed only at night.

At SSES and Bell Bend a combined total of 4,332 specimens of at least 26 fishes was observed (Tables F-3 and F-13). Of the 26 fishes, 6 (quillback,

174 white sucker, northern hog sucker, shorthead redhorse, smallmouth bass, and walleye) composed 77X of the total. Cisco, tiger muskellunge, river chub, golden shiner, and white catifsh were observed at Bell Bend, but not at SSES; all fish taken at SSES were taken at Bell Bend.

The percent total composition of 6 fishes observed at SSES and Bell Bend (combined total) continued to increase in 1976 compared to 1975 and 1974. The percentage of brown trout, muskellunge, chain pickerel, small-mouth and largemouth bass, and walleye increased from 10X of the total catch in 1974, to 22/ of the catch in 1975, and to 27/ in 1976 (Buypak and Gurzynski 1976). Pan fish however, decreased from 22/ in 1974, to 10/ in 1975, and 7/ in 1976. A combination of the remaining speci;es composed a similar percentage of the catch from 1974 through 1976'EFERENCES CITED Bailey, R. M., J. E. Fitch, E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. R. Robins, and W. B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and sc5.entific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. 3rd ed., Spec.

Publ. No. 6, Amer. Fish. Soc., 150 pp.

Buynak, G. L. and A. J. Gurzynski. 1976. Electrofishing of fishes.

Pages 175-183 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual Report for 1975) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.

Denoncourt, R. F., T. W. Robbins, and R. Hesser. 1975. Recent introductions and reintroductions to the Pennsylvania fish fauna of the Susquehanna River drainage above Conowingo Dam. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 49: 57-58.

Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972) . Pennsylvania Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 658 pp.

Siegel, S. 1956. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences.

McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y. 312 pp.

175 Table p-1. Description of electrofishing runs on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

S tation Run Location SSES EL 1 East bank from gas-line crossing to approximately 250 m below Xchthyological Associates dock.

SSES EL 2 West bank from gas-line crossing to approximately 230 m below mouth of Little Wapwallopen Creek.

Bell Bend EL 3 East bank from 225 m above eel wall to 200 m above Wapwallopen Creek.

Bell Bend EL 4 West bank from 275 m above eel wall to 175 m above small stream directly across from Wapwallopen Creek.

Table F-2. List of fishes co11ected or observed at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1976. Names and order of listing conform to Bailey et al. (1970) .

Salmonidae - Trouts

~Core onus artedii cisco Salmo trutta brown trout Esocidae - Pikes Esox ~mas uinon muskellunge E. ~ni er chain pickerel E. luclus x E. ~mas ulnon -'iger muskellungd Cyprinidae Minnows and Carps

~Crfnus ~car fo - carp Nocomis ~micro o on rfuer chub

~Notemf onus ~cr soleucas '- golden shiner

~Notre is amoenus comely shiner N. cornutus - common shiner N. hudsonius - spottail shiner li. greene - swallowtail shiner N. ~silo terus spotfin shiner

~pine hales notatus - bluntnose minnow

~khfnfchth s atratulus blacknose dace gemotilus ~cor oralis - iallfish Catostomidae Suckers

~Car iodes ~erfnus - qufllback Catostomus commersoni white sucker

~H entelium ~ni ricans norchern hog sucker Moxostoma macrole idotum shorthead redhorse Ictaluridae - Freshwater Catfishes Ictalurus catus white catfish I. natalis - yellow bullhead I. nebulosus brown bullhead

1. Hunctatus channel catfish Centrarchidae Sunfishes

~Amble liras ~ru estris - rock bass

~fe ernie auritus redbreast sunfish L. ~canellus green sunfish L. Efbbosus pumpkinseed L. macrochirus bluegill

~Le o fs spp. - sunfish spp.

~Micro terus dolomieui smallmouth bass M. salmoides - largemouth bass Pomoxis annularis - white crappie Percidae Perches Etheostoma olmstedi tessellated darter Perca flavescens yellow perch Stizostedion vitreum walleye Cottidae - Sculpins Cottus bairdi mottled sculpin

Table F-3. Frequency of occurrence and species composition (percent) of fish captured using a DC electrofisher at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

Species Mar Apr Jun Jul Oct May Aug Sep Nov Total X Total Brown trout 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0.31 Muskellunge 0 4 2 1 3 1 1 4 0 16 0.81 Chain pickerel 0 1 0 0 0 Carp 1 0 0 0 2 0.10 15 10 12 11 13 11 -4 0 0 76 3.86 Fallfish 0 9 11 0 0 0- 3 0 0 23 1.17 Quillback 9 36 27 12 21 38 7 1 0 151 7.68 White sucker. 32 70 60 68 14 64 100 24 Northern hog sucker 37 469 23.84 0 14 30 3 0 5 82 0 5 139 7.07 Shorthead redhorse 7 30 183 20 24 48 15 Yellow bullhead 1 1 329 16.83 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.05 Brown bullhead 2 3 8 Channel catfish 1 1 7 3 0 0 25 1.27 0 0 0 5 0 2 5 0 0 12 0. 61 Rock bass 0 11 12 14 3 10 Redbreast sunfish 11 0 3 64 3.25 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0.15 Pumpkinseed 0 0 0 2 0 Bluegill 2 3 0 0 7 0.36 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 7 0.36 Sunfish spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.10 Smallmouth bass 1 5 47 90 45 39 71 2 3 303 15.40 Largemouth bass 2 12 2 0 3 1 1 0 0 21 1.07 White crappie 0 Black crappie 21 11 12 1 0 0 1 0 ,0 35 1.78 1 8 0 0 2 2 0 0 24 1.22 Crappie spp. 2 10 4 2 0 0 0 0 2 20 1.02 Yellow perch 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0.25 Walleye Unidentified 5

4 4 34 22 13 16 12 16 20 '425 7.22 0 5 20 17 0 20 6 11 83 4.22 Total 81 258 459 273 155 250 353 54 82 1, 965 100.00

Table P-4. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 29 March 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-001 GLB-76-002 GLB-76-003 GLB-76-004 Time 0905-0928 0935-0955 1040-1105 1005-1030 Air temperature (C) 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 Water temperature (C) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 9.3 9.3 8.3 8.3 pH 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Secchi disc (cm) 70 70 73 73

~Secures Total Total Brown trout 0 1 1 0. 0 0, Muskellunge 0 0 0 1 0 1 Carp 7 8 15 4 6 10 Quillback 2 7 9 3 4 7 White sucker 11 21 32 25 40 65 Northern hog sucker 0 0 0 3 2 5 Shorthead redhorse 1 6 7 1 0 1 Brown bullhead 2 0 2 0 0 0 Smallmouth bass 1 0 1 1 0 1 Largemouth bass 2 0

0 2 0 0 0

0 Black crappie 1 0 1 4 0 4 Crappie spp. 2 0 2 0 0 0 Walleye 2 3 5 2 1 3 Unidentified 1 3 1 2 3 Total 32 49 81 45 55 100

Table P-5. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 14 April 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-013 GLB-76-017 GLB- 76-014 GLB-76-018 GLB-76-016 GLB-76-020 GLB-76-015 GLB-76-019 Time 0835-0850 1955-2010 0855"6"."32 2020-2045 1017-1045 2130-2155 0940-1005 2055-2115 Air temperature (C) 11.0 15.0 10.4 10.0 20.0 11. 0 21.0 11.0 Water temperature (C) 8.0 9.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 9.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 10.8 9.0 10. 4 9.0 9.7 7.5 9.0 8.5 pH 7:4 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Secchi disc (cm) 145 151 153 143

~Secures Total To'tal Brown trout 0 1 1 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 Muskellunge 0 0 1 3 4 0 0 2 0 2 Tiger muskellunge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Chain pickerel 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 4 Carp 0 1 1 8 10 0 6 0 2 8 Pallfish 0 5 1 3 9 1 15 0 8 24 Quillback 1 19 0 16 36 0 6 1 82 89 White sucker 9 20 13 28 70 8 23 6 36 73 Northern hog sucker 4 5 1 4 14 2 4 1 7 14 Shorthead redhorse 1 19 1 9 30 1 11 2 18 32 Yellow bullhead 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 Brown bullhead 1 1 0 1' 3 4 2 0 1 7 Rock bass 0 3 0 11 0 7 1 5 13 Redbreast sunfish 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Bluegill 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 Smallmouth bass 1 0 1 3 5 3 0 0 1 4 Largemouth bass 1 0 11 0 12 1 0 0 0 1 White crappie 10 9 1 1 21 4 0 0 1 5 Black crappie 10 1 0 0 11 4 0 0 0 4 Crappie spp. 2 8 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 Walleye 0 3 1 0 4 0 6 0 0 6 Unidentified 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 10 13 Total 42 97 33 86 258 32 82 16 172 302

Table F-6. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 12-13 May 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-023 GLB-76-027 GLB-76-024 GLB-76-028 GLB-76-021 GLB-76-026 GLB-76-022 GLB-76-025 Time 1020-1045 2345-0008 1100-1125 0021-0038 0910-0935 2245-2320 0950-1015 2210-2240 .

Air temperature (C) 17.0 12. 0 17.0 12. 0 17.0 12.5 17.0 16.5 Water temperature (C) 13.5 13. 5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 10. 1 10.2 10.8 10. 2 10.3 10.2 10. 2 10.6 pH 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.5 7.6

~ Secchi disc (') 125 125 125 125

~eeeeee Total Total Brown trout 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 0 2 Chain pickerel 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 1 1 Carp 3 3 2 4 12 0 6 2 1 9 Golden shiner 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Fallfish 1 0 2 8 11 1 3 2 2 8 guillback 8 6 10 3 27 2 2 6 8 18 White sucker 13 15 7 25 60 20 54 13 29 116 Northern hog sucker 9 7 6 8 30 13 0 3 4 20 Shorthead redhorse 0 7 129 47 183 1 9 12 6 28 Yellow bullhead 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Brown bullhead 1 4 2 1 8 5 10 1 6 22 Rock bass 2 5. 3 2 12 1 24 3 5 33 Smallmouth bass 11 16 8 12 47 22 72 9 36 139 Largemouth bass 1 0 1 0 2 2 1 0 0 3 White crappie 3 1 8 0 12 1 0 2 1 4 Black crappie 2 1 5 0 8 0 3 1 0 4 Crappie spp. '2 2 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 Yellow perch 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 Walleye 3 9 10 12 34 1 12 5 15 33 Unidentified 1 2 2 0 5 1 0 2 4 7 Total 60 79 195 125 459 73 197 63 119 452

Table F-7 ~ Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 29 June 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-045 GLB-76-051 GLB-76-046 GLB-76-052 GLB-76-048 GLB-76-049 GLB-76-047 GLB-76-050 Time 0930-0955 2302-2325, 1015-1033 2338-2405 1115-1139 2100-2125 1041-1101 2130-2155 Air temperature (C) 28.0 24.0 35.0 24.0 39.0 26.0 37.0 26.0 Water temperature (C) 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.5 25.0 25.5 25.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 8.4 10.2 8.6 9.8 8.7 9.8 8.7 8.8 pH 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.5 Secchi disc (cm) 30 30 40 40

~Seel.es Total Total Muskellunge 0 1 0 0 1. 1 0 0 0 1 Chain pickerel 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 11 6 5 3 3 17 Carp 5 1 1 Fallfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 guillback 1 6 3 2 12 0 2 6 12 20 White sucker 2 28 10 28 68 14 46 7 36 103 Northern hog sucker 1 1 1 0 3 0 0 2 5 7 Shorthead redhorse 0 8 4 8 20 6 10 4 5 25 Yellow bullhead 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 Brown bullhead 0 1 0 0 1 7 2 1 3 13 Channel catfish 1 2 0 2 5 0 1 0 0 1 Rock bass 0 5 2 7 14 6 8 1 7 22 0 2 0 2 3 0 0 1 4 Pumpkinseed 0 Smallmouth bass 25 25 14 26 90 21 79 21 38 159 Largemouth bass 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 White crappie 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 Black crappie 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 3 Crappie spp. 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 Yellow perch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Walleye 2 8 6 6 22 4 10 1 5 20

'nidentified 4 . 4 8 4 20 18 11 6 5 40 89 178 54 121 442 Total 43 94 52 84 273

Table F-8. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 14 July 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-055 GLB-76-057 GLB-76-056 GLB-76-058 GLB-76-054 GLB-76-060 GLB-76-053 GLB-76-059 Time 0950-1010 2135-2200 1021-1042 2210-2232 0905-0926 2311-2334 0830-0852 2236-2258 Air temperature (C) 25.0 22.0 27.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 21.0 23.0 Water temperature (C) 21.0 20.5 21.5 20.5 21.0 20.5 21.5 20.5 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 8.6 7.0 8.8 7.'2 8.4 8.2 8.0 7.3 pH Secchi disc (cm) 43 20 42 21

~Sec! es Total Total Muskellunge 1 1 1 0 3 2 0 0 3

.Chain pickerel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Carp 3 4 6 0 13 7 7 0 17 guillback 4 2 6 9 21 2 7 5 18 White sucker 4 0 5 5 14 5 9 6 26 Northern hog sucker 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 Shorthead redhorse 1 9 7 7 24 8 7 13 34 White catfish 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Yellow bullhead 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Brown bullhead 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 4 Rock bass 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 2 Pumpkinseed 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 5 Bluegill 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Smallmouth bass 14 5 14 12 45 30 15 11 64 Largemouth bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Black crappie 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Crappie spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Yellow perch 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Walleye 0 1 3 9 13 .2 3 3. 11 Unidentified 3 14 0 0 17 15 0 12 34 Total. 31 37 45 42 155 47 78 52 52 229

Table P-9. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 19 August 1976.

Station SSES a BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-069 - GLB-76-075 GLB-76-070 GLB-76-076 GLB-76-071 GLB-76.-074 GLB-76-072 GLB-76-073 Time 0900-0925 2210-2223 0935-1000 2235-2305 1010-1030 2130-2159 104'-1109 2105-2126 Air temperature (C) 23 ' '1.0 23.0 20. 0 24.0 21 ' 24. 0 20.0 Mater temperature (C) 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23. 0 23.0 23.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) pH 7.2  : 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.2 Secchi disc (cm) 40 45 30 35

~Secures Total Total Muskellunge 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 3 Chain pickerel 0 ,0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 Carp 3 1 3 4 11 4 6 2 3 15 Quillback 5 7 11 15 38 5 11 5 7 28 White sucker 17 13 15 19 64 10 16 7 15 48 Northern hog sucker 3 1 1 0 5 2 1 2 .3 8 Shorthead redhorse 6 11 19 12 48 15 9 16 17 57

'Yellow bullhead 0 0 0 0 0 2. 1 0, 0 3 Brown bullhead 3 1 1 2 7 3 4 2 3 12 Channel catfish 0 2 0 0 2 3 1 0 1 5 Rock bass 2 3 2 3 10 4 2 2 6 14 Pumpkinseed 1 0 1 0 2 2 ~ 0 0 1 3 Bluegill 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 Smallmouth bass 11 7 9 12 39 10 16 10 7 43 0 3 0 0 1 2-Largemouth bass 1 1 1 1 Black crappie 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 Walleye 5 ~

4 3 4 16 7 6 12 5 30 Total 58 52 68 72 250 71 74 59 71 275

Table F-10. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 22 September 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-085 GLB-76-091 GLB-76-086 GLB-76-092 GLB-76-088 GLB-76-090 GLB-76-087 GLB-76-089 Time 0940-1005 2200-2225 1037-1100 2233-2250 1155-1219 2045-2110 1125-1145 2010-2035 Air temperature (C) 13.0 11. 0 13.0 9.0 16.0 13.0 18.0 12.0 Water temperature (C) 18.0 17.5 19.0 17.0 19. 0 17.5 19.0 17.5 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 7.4 8.5 7.1 8.4 .7.6 8.9 7.1 8.3 pH 7.2 7.0 Secchi disc (cm) 72 69 76 72

~Secfes Total Total Muskellunge 0 0 0 1 1 0' 0 0 0 0 Chain pickerel 0 0 0 0 0 ~

0 0 0 1 Carp 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 2 12 River chub 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Fallfish 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 guillback 3 3 0 1 7 13 17 5 7 42 White sucker 29 11 29 31 100 23 34 17 16 90 Northern hog sucker 14 10 55 3 82 22 3 10 2 37 Shorthead redhorse 0 10 3 2 15 14 16 10 8 48 Brown bullhead 0 1 1 1 3 0 2 0 0 2 Channel catfish 0 3 0 2 5 0 2 0 0 2 Rock bass 0 3 2 6 11 1 7 1 4 13 Redbreast sunfish 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 Pumpkinseed 1 0 1 1 3 1 0 4 0 5 Bluegill 1 1 1 2 5 1 3 0 0 4 Sunfish spp. 2 0 0 0 2 0 ~ 6 0 1 7 Smallmouth bass 12 11 19 29 71 7 29 16 15 67 Largemouth bass 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 White crappie 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Black crappie 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Yellow perch 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Walleye 1 3 0 8 12 1 10 0 9 20 Unidentified 2 3 4 ll 20 4 11 5 8 28 Total 70 63 119 101 353 93 144 72 74 383

Table F-11. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 28 October 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-103 GLB-76-105 GLB-76-104 GLB-76-106 GLB-76-102 GLB-76-108 GLB-76-101 GLB-76-107 Time 1106-1124 1928-1950 1148-1205 2005-2025 0947-1006 2100-2123 0910-0932 2030-2050 Air temperature (C) 4.0 1.0 8.0 1.0 -2. 0 0.0 4.0 Water temperature (C) 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 10. 0 8.9 10.2 8.5 10. 2 9.4 8.9 8.9 pH 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.2 Secchi disc (cm) 53 42 45 45

~eeceee Total Total Cisco 0 0 0 0 0 1 Brovn trout 0 0 0 0 0 1 Muskellunge 0 0 4 2 2 4 Chain pickerel 0 0. 0 3 0 3 Quillback 1 0 1 0 1 2

'White sucker 12 1 24 11 22 41 Northern hog sucker 0 0 0 0 1 1 Shorthead redhorse 0 1 1 0 3 4 Smallmouth bass 0 1 "2 0 4 6 Walleye 5 11 16 0 1 1 Unidentified 3 0 6 0 3 3 Total 13 21 14 54 16 37 67

Table F-12. Number of fish captured or observed in day and night runs (1000 m) using a DC electrofisher at SSES and Bell Bend on tne Susquehanna River, 16 November 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site EL 1 East EL 2 West EL 3 East EL 4 West Collection No. GLB-76-117 GLB-76-121 GLB-76-118 GLB-76-122 GLB-76-120 GLB-76-124 GLB-76-119 GLB-76-123 Time 0934-0954 1844-1915 1003-1021 1927-1957 1106-1129 2035-2100 1037-1055 2005-2025 Air temperature (C) 3.5 0.0 6.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 Water temperature (C) 2.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 13.7 13. 0 13.2 13. 0 13.7 12.7 13.7 12.5 pH 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.4 Secchi disc (cm) 159 120 133 133

~secses Total Total Muskellunge 0 0 1 0 1 Chain pickerel 0 0 7 0 10 Fallfish 0 0 6 1 -8 White sucker 22 37 35 14 54 Northern hog sucker 1 5 2 2 16 Shorthead redhorse 1 1 0 1 1 Brown bullhead 0 0 1 0 1 Rock bass 2 3 4 0 4 Pumpkinseed 0 0 1 0 1 Smallmouth bass 1 3 0 0 3 Black crappie 0 0 1 0 1 Crappie spp. 2 2 0 0 0 Walleye 18 20 4 2 6 Unidentified 5 11 0 7 11 Total 52 19 82 16 62 12 27 117

Table= F-13. Frequency of occurrence and species composition (percent) of fish captured using a DC electrofisher at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

Species Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total X Total Cisco 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.04 Brown trout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.04 Muskellunge 1 2 2 1 3 3 0 4 1 17 0.72 Tiger muskellunge 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.04 Chain pickerel 0 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 10 22 0.93 Carp 10 8 9 17 17 15 12 0 0 88 3.72 River chub 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 '0.04 Golden shiner 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.04 Fallfish 0 24 8 1 0 0 1 0 8 42 1.77

+illback 7 89 18 20 18 28 42 2 0 224 9.46 White sucker 65 73 116 103 26 48 90 41 54 616 26.01 Northern hog sucker 5 14 20 7 4 8 37 1 16 112 4.73 Shorthead-redhorse 1 32 28 25 34 57 48 4 1 230 9.71 White catfish 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.04 Yellow bullhead 0 1 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 8 0.34 Brown bullhead 0 7 22 13 4 12 2 0 1 61 2.58 Channel catfish 0 0 0 1 0 5 2 0 0 8 0.34 Rock bass 0 13 33 22 2 14 13 0 4 101 4.27 Redbreast sunfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.08 Pumpkinseed 0. 0 0 4 5 3 5 0 1 18 0.76 Bluegill 0 1 0 0 1 2 4 0 0 8 0.34 Sunfish spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 7 0.30 Smallmouth bass 1 4 139 159 64 43 67 6 3 486 20.48 Largemouth bass 0 1 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 .7 0.30 White crappie 0 5 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0.42 Black crappie 4 4 4 3 1 1 0 0 1 18 0.76 Crappie spp. 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 0.21 Yellow perch 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 4 0.17 Walleye 3 6 33 20 11 30 20 1 6 130 5.49 Unidentified 3 13 7 40 34. 0 28 3 11 139 5.87 Total 100 302 452 442 229 275 383 67 117- 2,367 100.00

188 GAS LINE CROSSiNG RUNEL 2 SVSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION ICHTHYOLOGICAL LITTLE ASSOCIATES WAPWALLOPEN CREEK RUN EL I LABORATORY 5

SMI SM 2 Oi Qo NORTH O'OWER PLANT UITAKE Q0 POWER PLANT DISCHARGE EEL WALL RUN EL 4 0 l50 500 MSTSRS RUN EL S WAPWALLOPEN SM4 WAPWALLOPEN CREEK SM5 BERWICK BOAT CLUB Fig. F-1. Sampling stations for electrofishing (EL) and seining (SN) on the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES site, 1976.

189 SEINING OF FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 191

'NTRODUCTION.............. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 191 P RO CE DURE S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 191 RE SULTS ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 192 REFERENCES CITED................... ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 194 LIST OF TABLES Table G-l. Descriptions of seining stations on the Susquehanna River, 1976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 195 Table G-2. Number of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 13 April 1976... 196 Table G-3. Number . . . 28 Hay 1976..................,............. 197 Table G-4. Number . . . 17 June 1976.. ............................ 198 Table G-5. Number ~ . . 20 July 1976.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 199 Table G-6. Number . . . 24 August 1976 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 200 Table G-7. Number . . . 27 September 1976...... 201

190 Page Table G-8. /umber of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at

)SES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 12 November 1976........................................... 202 Table G-9. Frequency of occurrence and species composition (percent) of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1976.................. 203 Table G-10. Frequency . . . at Bell Bend . . .. 1976. 203

191 ABSTRACT At SSES and Bell Bend a combined total of 1,101 specimens of 18 fishes was captured by seine. Of the 18 fishes caught the spotfin shiner was the most abundant specimen taken at b'oth SSES and Bell Bend.

No significant differences in the catch/unit effort were found within and between sampling sites at SSES and Bell 'Bend.

INTRODUCTION The seining program in 1976 was conducted to determine species composition and relative abundance of small fish near the Susquehanna SES. Included here are data gathered from the SSES and Bell Bend stations in 56 seining collections. These baseline data will help to assess the env: onmental impact on small fish due to construction and operation of the Susquehanna SES.

PROCEDURES A 7.6-m bag seine with 0.64-cm mesh, was used once per month from April through November (except October) at SSES and Bell Bend (two sites each); Both sites at SSES were upriver from the proposed intake and k

discharge structures and the two sites at Bell Bend were downriver from them (Table G-1; Fig. F-1) ~ Sites were selected in areas free of obstructions that might decrease sampling efficiency. Seining began about one hour after sunset. At each site, a unit of seining effort consisted of two onshore

192 stood on the River bank holding a brail while another person waded into the River with the other brail to adistance of about 6.0 m or to a depth of 1. 3 m.

The seine was pulled slowly upriver about 7.6 m before pulling it to shore.

Specimens were preserved in 10X formalin in the field. The dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and air and water temperatures were also measured at each site (Table A-l).

In the laboratory, all specimens were identified and stored in vials containing 10/ buffered formalin. Specimens were identified using keys of Eddy (1969), Pflieger (1968), and Scott and Crossman (1973).

All data were analyzed using a "nonparametric sign test" (Siegel 1956) to determine if there were significant differences in the numbers of s'pecimens captured at the various sites.

RESULTS In 1976, a total of 515 specimens of 14 fishes was captured at SSES by seine (Tables F-2 and G-2 through G-8). Five fishes composed 93.4X of the total catch. As in 1975, the spotfin shiner was the most abundant specimen taken (Buynak and Gurzynski 1976); in 1976 it composed 60.0/ of the catch (Table G-9). Others were the spottail shiner (18.3/), swallowtail shiner (7 'X), bluntnose minnow (4.5X), and comely shiner (3.5/).

The number of fishes captured per month at SSES seine sites was highest in May (11) and lowest in November (3) (Table G-9). The most specimens were captured in August and the least in November. Spotfin shiner was the only specimen taken in all months sampled.

193 No significant differences were found in the number of specimens captured/unit effort at the east and west sites at SSES. Totals of 215 specimens of 12 fishes and 300 specimens of 11 fishes were captured at the east and west sites, respectively. (Tables G-2 through G-8).

Bluegill, white crappie, and yellow perch were taken only at the east site and yellow bullhead and smallmouth bass only at the west site.

At Bell Bend, 586 specimens of 14 fishes were captured by seine (Tables F-2 and G-2 through G-8). Four fishes composed 94.5% of the total catch. The spotfin shiner was the most abundant specimen captured and composed 83.3% of the total catch. It was followed in abundance by the spottail shiner (5.6%), comely shiner (3.9%), and white sucker (1.7%)

(Table G-10).

The greatest numbers of fishes were taken in April (8), June (8),

and May (6); the least was taken in August (2) (Table G-10). The most fish were taken in June and the least in November. Spotfin and spottail shiner were collected in all months t

sampled at Bell Bend ~

In 1976, no significant differences in the number of specimens captured/unit effort were observed at SSES and Bell Bend. These results

~

differed from those found in 1975, when three times the number of specimens were taken at Bell Bend than at SSES (Buynak and Gurzynski 1976). The greater similarity between stations observed in 1976 probably occurred because the SSES west seining site was moved to a more ideal location.

Yellow bullhead, bluegill, white crappie, and yellow perch were taken only at SSES; whereas common shiner, blacknose dace, and green sunfish were taken only at Bell Bend in 1976.

194 In general, more specimens were captured at the SSES and Bell Bend east sites. The greater abundance probably resulted because fish congregate below the mouth of Little Wapwallopen and Wapwallopen Creeks. In 1975, 65%

more specimens,were collected at the .east site at Bell Bend (Buynam and Gurzynski 1976). In 1976, 88% more specimens were taken at the east site; 0

totals of 885 specimens of 10 fishes and 201 specimens of 11 fishes were captured ag the east and west sites, respectively (Tables G-2 through G-8).

Although 85% more specimens were captured at the east site, differences in the number of specimens captured between the two sites were not significant.

REFERENCES CITED Buynak, G. L. and A. J. Gurzynski. 1976. Seining of fishes. Pages 201-213 iy T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North /ranch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Elpctric Station )Annual report for 1975). Ichghyological Associates, Inc.,

Berwidk, Pa.

Cummins, Ki d. 1962. An evaluation of some techniques for the co).lection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters.

Am. Midi. Nat. 67: 477-504.

Eddy, S. 1969. How to know the freshwater fishes. 2nd ed., Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 286 pp.

Pflieger, W. L. 1968. Checklist of the fishes of Missouri, with keys for identification. Mo. Dept. of Cons., D-J Series No. 3. 64 pp.

Scott, W. B. and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada.

Fish. Res. Board Can., Bull., 184. 966 pp.

Siegel, S. 1956., Nonparametric statistics for the behavi'oral sciences.

McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y. 312 pp.

195 Table G-1. Descriptions of seining stations on the Susquehanna II River, 1976.

S tation Site Location Substrate Type a Vegetation SSES SN 1 East bank 15 m downriver fine sand and none from Little Wapwallopen clay Creek.

SSES SN 2 West bank 75m downriver pebble and moderate from the dock at Ichthyo- gravel quantity of logical Associates Labor- emergent atory.

E Bell Bend SN 3 East bank directly down- coarse and moderate river from launching ramp medium sand quantity of at Berwick Boat Club. emergent Bell Bend SN 0 West bank 300 m upriver pebble and none from mouthof small stream gravel directly opposite Wapwallopen Creek.

a Classification modified from Cummins (1962).

Table G-2. Number of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 13 April 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site SN 1 East SN 2 West SN 3 East SN 4 West Haul 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Collection No. GLB-76-009 GLB-76-010 GLB-76-011 GLB-76-012 GLB-76-005 GLB-76-006 GLB-76-007 GLB-76-008 Time 2040 2045 2110 '105 2000 2005 2025 2030 Air temperature (C) 8.0 8.0 10. 0 10.0 Water temperautre (C) 7.0 7.1 7.5 7.5 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 10. 4 10.3 10.8 11.3 pH 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.2

~Scales Total Total Comely shiner 3 6 0 2 0 2 Spottail shiner 0 0 2 0 0 2 Swallowtail shiner 22 23 1 0 0 1 Spotfin shiner 8 17 97 22 1 120 Bluntnose minnow 4 7 0 1 1 3 Fallfish 0 0 1 1 0 2 Rock bass 2 2 0 0 0 0 Tessellated darter 0 0 0 0 1 1 Mottled sculpin- 0 0 0 1 0 1 Total 10 39 55 101 27 1 132

. Table G-3. Number of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 28 May 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site SN 1 East SN 2 West SN 3 East SN 4 West Haul 1 2 1 2 -1 2 1 2 Collection No. GLB-76-033 GLB-76-034 GLB-76-035 GLB-76-036 GLB-76-031 GLB-76-032 GLB-76-029 GLB-76-030 Time 2240 2250 2310 2315 2215 2222 2200 2205 Air temperature (C) 15.0 13.5 15. 0 15.0

'Water temperature (C) 14.0 14. 0 14. 0 14. 0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 9.0 10. 0 10.4 10. 0 pH 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.4

~Secfes Total Total Comely shiner 0 1 4 5 12 Spottail shiner 16 23 1 1 2 Swallowtail shiner 0 1 0 2 2 Spotfin shiner 0 11 18 41 63 Bluntnose minnow 0 2 3 1 4 Fallfish 0 1 0 0 0 White sucker 0 1 0 0 0 Rock bass 0 1 0 0 1 Bluegill 2 7 0 0 0 White crappie 2 3 0 0 0 Yellow perch 2 2 0 0 0 Total 15 22 53 26 50 4 84

Table G-4. Number of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 17 June 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site SN 1 East SN 2 West SN 3 East SN 4 West Haul 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Collection No. GLB-76-037 GLB-76-038 GLB.-76-039 GLB-76-040 GLB-76-043 GLB-76-044 GLB-76-041 GLB-76-042 Time 2145 2155 2208 2215 2245 2250 2229 2235 Air temperature (C) 20.0 20.0 18.0 19.5 Water temperature (C) 23.0 24.0 22.0 24.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 8.8 8.4 8.8 8.6 pH 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.8

~Secfes Total Total Comely shiner 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Spottail shiner 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 0 17 Swallowtail shiner 0 0 5 1 6 1 1 3 0 5 Spotfin shiner 1 2 51 20 74 75 24 29 26 154 Bluntnose minnow 0 0 2 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 Blacknose dace 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 White sucker 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 3 9 Rock bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 Tessellated darter 0 0 0 3 .3 1 0 1 2 4 Total 59 28 91 78 29 54 32 193

Table G-5. Number of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 20 July 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site SN 1 East SN 2 West SN 3 East SN 4 West Haul 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Collection No. GLB-76-067 GLB-76-068 GLB-76-065 GLB-76-066 GLB-76-061 GLB-76-062 GLB- 76-063 GLB-76-064 Time 2235 2242 2218 2224 2139 2143 2158 2203 Air temperature (C)

Mater temperature (C) 21.0 23.0 22. 5 23.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 9.4 10.2 10.0 10. 2 pH 7.3 7.5 7.8 7.5

~Sectes Total Total Comely shiner 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 Spottail shiner 4 1 18 6 29 0 0 2 3 5 Spotfin shiner 5 12 33 5 55 8 15 40 20 83 Fallfish 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 White sucker 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 Yellow bullhead 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Rock bass 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Green sunfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Smallmouth bass 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Crappie spp. 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 Total 15 13 92 17 43 25 93

Table G-6. Number of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 24 August 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site SN 1 East SN 2 West SN 3 East SN 4 West Haul 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Collection No. GLB-76-077 GT.B-76-078 GLB-76-079 GLB-76-080 GLB-76-081 GLB-76-082 GLB-76-083 GLB-76-084 Time 2100 2106 2117 2122 2152 2156 2135 2140 Air temperature (C) 21.0 21.0 20.0 21.0 Water temperature (C) 23.5 25.0 24.0 25.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.8 pH 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3

~Secures Total Total Spot tail shiner 16 7 1 1 25 3 0 0 0 3

=Swallowtail shiner 7 0 1 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 Spotfin shiner 79 12 46 5 142 10 12 14 13 49 Bluntnose minnow 2 1 4 0 7 0 0 0 0 ~

0 Tessellated darter 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Total 106 20 52 184 13 12 14 13 52

Table G-7. Number of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 27 September 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site SN 1 East SN 2 West SN 3 East SN 4 Vest Haul 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Collection No. GLB-76-099 GLB-76-100 GLB-76-097 GLB-76-098 GLB-76-093 GLB-76-094 GLB-76-095 GLB-76-096 Time 2100 2106 2045 2051 2010 2017 2032 2036 Air temperature (C) 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 Water temperature (C) 15.5 16.0 15.0 16.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 8.6 8.6 8.2 8.2 pH 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.4

~Sectes Total Total Spottail shiner 14 5 Spotfin shiner 8 12 Bluntnose minnow 2 0 Smallmouth bass 0 1 Tessellated darter 1 0 Total 16 25 1 18

Table G 8. Number of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 12 November 1976.

Station SSES BELL BEND Site SN 1 East SN 2 West SN 3 East SN 4 West Haul 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Collection No. GLB-76-109 GLB-76-110 GLB-76-111 GLB-76-112 GLB-76-115 GLB-76-116 GLB-76-113 GLB-76-114 Time 1820 1825 1833 1840 1915 1920 1900 1905 Air temperature (C) -2. 0 -2.0 -5.0 -3.0 Water temperature (C) 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Dissolved oxygen (mg/1) 11. 2 10. 3 10.8 10. 4 pH 6.5 7.2 6.8 7.2

~Secfes Total Total Comely shiner 2 3 11 0 1 6 Spot tail,shiner 0 0 2 1 0 1 Spotfin shiner 0 0 2 3 0 7 Total 15 0 14

203 Table G-9. Frequency of occurrence and species composition (percent) of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1976.

Species Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total Z Total Comely shiner 6 1 0 0 0 0 11 18 3.50 Spottail shiner 0 23 0 29 25 14 2 94 18.25 Swallowtail shiner 23 1 6 0 8 0 0 37 7.18 Spotfin shin'er 17 11 74 55 142 8 2 309 60.00 Bluntnose minnow 7 2 5 0 7 2 0 23 4.47 Fallfish 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0.39 White sucker 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 6 1;17 Yellow bullhead 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.19 Rock bass 2 1 0 1 0 0 Q 0 4 0.78 Bluegill 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 8

0 7 1.36 Smallmouth bass 0 0 0 1 0 0 CO 0 1 0.19 White crappie 0 3 0 0 0 o 0 3 0.58 Crappie spp. 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0.39 Tessellated darter 0 0 3 0 2 1 0 6 1.17 Yellow perch 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.39 Total 55 53 91 92 184 25 15 515 100.01 Table G-10. Frequency or occurrence and species composition (percent) of fish captured with a 7.6-m bag seine at Bell Bend on the Susquehan'na River, 1976.

Species Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total Z Total Comely shiner 2 12 1 2 0 0 23 3.92 Common shiner 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.34 Spottail shiner 2 2 17 5 3 5 33 5.63 Swallowtail shiner 1 2 5 0 0 0 8 1.37 Spotfin shiner 120 63 154 83 49 12 488 83.28 Bluntnose minnow 3 4 0 0 0 0 7 1.19 Blacknose dace 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.17 Fallfish 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.34 White sucker 0 0 9 1 0 0 10 1.71 Rock bass o 0.51 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 Green sunfish 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.17 Smallmouth bass 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0.34 Tessellated darter 1 0 4 0 0 0 5 0.85 Mottled sculpin 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17 To tal 132 84 193 93 52 18 14 586 100.00

204 TAGGING OF FISHES Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski TABLE OF CONTENTS I

Page ABSTRACT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 05 INTRODUCTION....................................,.................... 205 P ROCEDURES. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

RESULTS ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 206 LIST OF TABLES Table H-l. Number of fish tagged and percentage recovered by angling and electrofishing on the Susquehanna River, 1972 through 1976........................ .. .........., 207 Table H-2. Tag and recovery data for fish recaptured in 1976......, 208 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. H-l. Tagging and recapture locations in 1976 (refer to Table H-2) .......................'................,. ..... 209

205 ABSTRACT Tags from 63 walleye, 3 muskellunge, and 1 brown trout were returned by anglers and electrofishing in 1976. Most were recaptured in August and October. Of the recaptured walleye, 49/ were taken downriver and 22X upriver from the tagging site; the remainder were recaptured in the tagging area.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the tagging program was to describe the movements of fish above and below the intake and discharge structures of the Susquehanna SES. Included here are data from tagged fish recaptured by angling and electrofishing. Tagging of fish was terminated in December 1975.

PROCEDURES From 1972 through 1975, selected fishes captured during monthly monitor sampling at SSES and Bell Bend were tagged. Fish were anesthetized and tagged with Monel 'metal jaw tags (Salt Lake Stamp Company, Salt Lake City, Utah). Each tag was inscribed with the message. "Reward I.A. Research, Berwick, Pa." After each fish was tagged, weighed (nearest gram), and measured (nearest millimeter fork length), scales were taken for age and growth studies. The date and location of capture were recorded and fish were released in the capture area.

Anglers who returned tags were given a fishing lure and a chance in a drawing for a $ 50.00 gift certificate. Each was sent a letter that explained the tagging program, along with a questionnaire that requested information about his or her fishing habits.

206 RESULTS From 1972 through 1975, 21 fishes were tagged in the Susquehanna River (Table H-1). In 1976, no additional fish were tagged. However, 67 tags from three species (63 walleye, 3 muskellunge, and 1 brown trout) were returned in 1976.

Of the walleye, 49/ were taken downriver, 28/ were taken in the same area, and 22/ were taken upriver from the area where they were tagged. In 1976, a 21/ increase over 1975 was observed in the number of walleye taken downriver, a 22/ decrease in the number taken upriver, and a 9/ decrease in the number recaptured in the same area. The maximum distances traveled were 240 km upriver and 113 km downriver (Table H-2; Fig. H-1). The upriver migrant, tagged on 14 November 1973 at Sunbury, Pennsylvania, was caught byanangler at Johnson City, New York, in March 1976. The downriver migrant, tagged on 20 February 1975 at Wapwallopen, Pennsylvania, was caught by an angler at Millersburg, Pennsylvania, in July 1976.

Of the three muskellunge that were recaptured by angling, two were I

taken downriver; one moved 0.8 km and the other 15.0 km. The third muskellunge, tagged near Shickshinny, Pennsylvania, was caught in a farm pond in Brandonville, Pennsylvania. This fish was probably caught in the River and stocked into the. farm pond without the tag being noticed until it was recaptured in the pond.

Tagged specimens were recaptured in all months, except April and December, throughout 1976 (Table H-2) . Most walleye were recaptured in May, August, October, and November.

207 Table N-1. Number of fish tagged and percentage recovered by angling and electrofishing on the Susquehanna River, 1972 through 1976.

No. Ta ed Total No. Total No. Percent Species 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 Tagged Recovered Recovered American eel Brown trout 12 16 18.8 Rainbow trout Northern pike 50.0 Muskellunge 8 e

23 19 15 65 2i 32 '

Chain pickerel 40.0 Carp 19 19 10.5 Quillback White sucker 0 Shorthead redhorse 10 10 White catfish 15 15 0 Yellow bullhead 20.0 Brown bullhead 113 113 6.2 Channel catfish 16 16 6.3 Rock bass .0 33.3 Smallmouth bass 14 20 25.0 Largemouth bass 24 e0 36 25.0 White crappie 28.6 Black crappie 25 25 Yellow perch 0'04 0

Walleye 172 231 132 739 308 41.7 Total 451 268 236 163 1> 118 36~ 32.8

208 Table H-2. Tag and recovery data for fish recaptured in 1976.

Species Reca tured Ta ed Date Location Date Location 1976 Brown trout 13 Feb Mouth of Wapwallopen 'Creek 20 Feb 1975 SSES Muskellunge 1 Mar Mifflinville 20 Nov 1975 Wapwallopen Muskellunge 16 May Mouth of Wapwallopen Creek 27 Jan 1975 SSES Muskellunge 11 Aug Farm pond, Brandonvi lie 6 Jun 1973 Shickshinny Walleye 1 Jan Wapwallopen 30 Dec 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 4 Jan Smithboro, NY 19 Nov 1973 Sunbury Walleye 4 Jan Towanda 19 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 21 Jan Towanda 17 Sep 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 13 Peb SSES 17 Dec 1975 SSES Walleye 15 Feb West Nanticoke 7 Nov 1974 Hummels Wharf Walleye 18 Peb Tunkhannock 15 Mar 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 27 Peb SSES 16 Nov 1975 SSES Walleye Mar West Nanticoke 17 Oct 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye Mar West Nanticoke 7 Nov 1974 Hummels Wharf Walleye Mar Johnson City, NY 14 Nov 1973 Sunbury Walleye 2 May SSES 26 Nov 1975 SSES Walleye 6 May Wapwallopen 20 Peb 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 12 May Lewisburg 6 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 15 May Mouth of Wapwallopen Creek 27 Jun 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 16 May Johnson City, NY 30 Oct 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 22 May Sunbury o0 Nov 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 31 May Allcnwood 4 Dec 1973 SSES Walleye -- May Allenwood 19 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 1 Jun Beach Haven 30 Oct 1975 SSES Walleye 9 Jun Muncy 15 Jan 1974 SSES Walleye 12 Jun Tunkhannock 30 Oct 1975 Wapwallopen

,Walleye 13 Jun Liverpool 7 Nov 1974 Hummels Wharf Walleye 23 Jul Meshoppen 4 Mar 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye Jul Millersburg 20 Feb 1975 'Wapwallopen Walleye 1 Aug West Nanticoke 5 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 7 Aug Catawissa 19 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 10 Aug Wapwallopen 27 Jun 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 14 Aug Watsontown 20 Feb 1975 SSES Walleye 16 Aug Wapwallopen 17 Sep 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 17 Aug Wapwallopen 19 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 19 Aug SSES 30 Jan 1975 SSES Walleye 19 Aug Wapwallopen 17 Sep 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 19 Aug Wapwallopen 17 Sep 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 24 Aug Watsontown 17 Dec 1975 SSES Walleye 31 Aug Lewisburg 20 Nov 1975 SEES Walleye 3 Sep Selinsgrove 30 Oct 1975 SSES Walleye 4 Sep Sunbury 30 Oct 1975 SEES Walleye 6 Sep Nescopeck 20 Peb 1975 SSES Walleye 11 Sep Selinsgrove 19 Nov 1973 Sunbury Walleye 17 Sep Millersburg 30 Oct 1975 SSF.S Walleye 3 Oct Wapwallopen 16 Jan 1974 SSES Walleye 3 Oct Wapwallopen 16 Nov 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 4 Oct Hummels Wharf 19 Nov 1973 Sunbury Walleye 5 Oct Lime Ridge 5 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 5 Oct Wapwallopen 3 Mar 1973 SSES Walleye 7 Oct Wapwallopen 19 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 15 Oct Wapwallopen 20 Feb 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 17 Oct Bexwick 17 Dec 1975 SSES Walleye 17 Oct Sunbury 17 Dec 1975 SSES Walleye 18 Oct Sunbury 7 Nov 1974 Hummels Wharf Walleye 25 Oct'1 Berwick 20 Feb 1975 SSES Walleye Oct Lime Ridge 27 Dec 1974 SSES Walleye 1 Nov Sunbury 7 Nov 1974 Hummels Wharf Walleye 1 Nov Sunbury 7 Nov 1974 Hummels Wharf Walleye 4 Nov Wapwallopen 5 Nov 1974 Wapwallopen Walleye 6 Nov Sunbury 7 Nov 1974 Hummels Wharf Walleye 8 Nov Sunbury 7 Nov 1974 Hummels Wharf Walleye 13 Nov Sunbury 17 Dec 1975 SSES Walleye 20 Nov SEES 30 Jan 1975 SSES Walleye 21 Nov SSES 30 Oct 1975 SSES Walleye 21 Nov Sunbury 17 Dec 1975 Wapwallopen Walleye 25 Nov Wapwallopcn 27 Dec 1974 Wapwallopen

209 JOHNSON CITY SMITHBORO NEW YORK CHEMUNG RIVER PENNSYLVANIA TOWANDA MES HOPPEN TUNKHANNOCK SUSQUEHANNA RIVER LOYALSOCK CREEK WEST NANTICOKE MUNCY WES TwBRANCH SUSQUEHANNA RIVER ALLENWOOD WATSONTOWN SHICNSHINNYO BERWICKO LIME RIOGE

~

LITTLE WAPWALLOPEN CREEK OWAPQALLOPEN BEACH HAVEN WAp WALLOpEN CREEK MIffLINVILLE NESCOPECK LEWISBURG 0 CATAWISSA PENNS CREEK SUNBURY 0 HUMQELS WHARF BRANDONVILLE SELINSGROVE NORTH liiE~iiil 30 KILOMETER LIVERPOOL MILLERSBURG Fig. II-1. Tagging and recapture locations in 1976 (refer to Table H-2).

210 AGE AND GROWTH OF FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 212 INTRODUCTION. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 212 P ROCEDURES.....................;.................................,... 213 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..... 214 Muskellunge....'......... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 214 White sucker 215 Northern hog sucker..... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 216 Shorthead redhorse..... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 217 REFERENCES CITED..... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o 218 LIST OF TABLES Table I-1. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 94 muskellunge from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of. the S'usquehanna SES, 1973-75...,,....... 220 Table I-2. Calculated total length (mm) of muskellunge at each annulus in the Susquehanna River compared with those from four other waters.................................. 221 Table I-3. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 268 white sucker from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES, 1973-75......... 222

211 Page Table I-4. Calculated total lengths (mm) of white sucker aa, each annulus in the Susquehanna River compared with those from four other waters....,.....................,..... ~ .. 223 Table I-5. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 145 northern hog sucker from the Susquehanna River at Falls, Pennsylvania, 1973-75.............. .... ~ 224 Table I-6. Mean . . . 20 female northern hog sucker . . . 1973-75.. 225 Table I-7. Mean . . . 30 male northern hog sucker . . . 1973-75.... 226 Table I-8. Calculated total length (mm) of northern hog sucker at each annulus in the Susquehanna River compared with those from three other waters.......... .. ............. 227 Table I-9. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 252 shorthead redhorse from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES, 1973-76... 228 Table I-10. Mean . . . 35 male shorthead redhorse . . . 1973-76..... 229 Table I-11. Mean . . . 59 female shorthead redhorse . . . 1973-76... 230

212 ABSTRACT The purposes of the age and growth program were to obtain data on R

the growth rates of muskellunge, white sucker, northern hog sucker, and shorthead redhorse in the Susquehanna River and to compare their growth to that in other bodies of water.

Most muskellunge were four years old or older, and 50/ of the fish were of legal size. Muskellunge entered the fishery 'at 762 mm in the fifth year of life and averaged 2,950 g in weight. Few young muskellunge were collected in the River.

Of the suckers, the northern hog sucker was the slowest growing, while the shorthead redhorse grew to the largest size. The white 'sucker and the northern hog sucker grew m're during the first year, but with the shorthead redhorse it was in the second year. Overall, growth of these four fishes in the River was similar to that found elsewhere.

INTRODUCTION Age and growth of the muskellunge, white sucker, shorthead redhorse, and northern hog sucker were studied in 1976. The'ob]ectives were to"describe the age and growth of these fishes in the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES near Berwick, Pennsylvania, and to compare growth rates with that of other bodies of w'ater.

213 PROCEDURES 3

From 1972 through 1976, 94 muskellunge, 268 white sucker, and 253 shorthead redhorse were collected for age and growth studies near the Susquehanna SES with a boat-mounted AC-DC electrofisher, seines, and trapnets. In addition, 145 northern hog sucker were collected by electrofishing upriver from the Susquehanna SES at Falls, Pennsylvania (Fig. A-1) . Fork length (mm) and weight (g) of each fish were measured and sex was determined externally when possible. Scales of suckers were removed from the left side, below the lateral line, and near the tip of the extended pectoral fin. Those of muskellunge were removed from the dorsal body surface behind the dorsal fin.

Scales (3 to 6) were pressed on cellulose acetate slides with a flat rolling mill (No. 191-1, William Dixon, Inc.). Impressions were read at 24X with a Bausch and Lomb Tri-Simplex Micro-Projector. Annuli were 4

recognized by criteria described by Lagler (1961). Age was read as the number of annuli along the longitudihal anterior axis through the focus. Impressions were read at least twice. When the two readings differed, they were read a third time. If no agreement was found, results from that fish were removed from the sample. Anterior scale radius, growth fields within annuli, fork length, and weight were recorded separately for each fish.

Body-scale and length-weight relationships were determined for each species. The body-scale relationships for muskellunge, white sucker, and northern hog sucker were derived by fitting a straight line by -the least

214 square method to the length of the fish and the projected scale radius (Ricker 1971). The general formula used was: fish length = 0 + B (scale z'adieus) (B = slope of the line; C' the intercept of the length axis).

The method proved inadequate for the shorthead redhorse data and the following formula was used: ln = S n

Z where ln = length of fish when S

annulus 'n'as formed, l= length of fish at time scale sample was obtained, S = radius of annulus 'n'at length 'l '), S = total scale radius (Ricker 1971)". Length-weight relationships were calculated by fitting a straight line by the least square method to logarithms of the length and weight of each fish. The resulting formula was: log to =

log a + b (log l), where to = weight of the f'ish, l= length of the fish, a = the intercept on the weight axis, and b = the slope of the line.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Muskellunge The equations for the body-scale and length-weight relationships derived from the 94 muskellunge were: l= 168. 0689 + 5. 2677S and log to =

4.9592 + 2.9588 log l, respectively.

The growth in length of muskellunge was relatively fast during the first four years and then slowed (Table I-1). However, the mean calculated increment in weight between annuli increased progressively from 196 g between age 0 and I to a maximum of 1,955 g between age V and VI.

215 Upon the basis of scale samples it was found that most (77/) of the muskellunge captured'ere four years old or older (Table I-1) . The oldest individuals taken were seven years old. Muskellunge in the River entered the Pennsylvania fishery (legal length limit of 762 mm) during their fifth year and averaged 2,950 g in weight.

Calculated growth in length of the muskellunge in the Susquehanna River was less at each annulus than that in several lakes and rivers in Pennsylvania (Table I-2). Susquehanna River muskellunge grew as fast at all ages as those in the St. Lawrence River, but from age II to IV they grew slower than those in Kawartha Lakes and the Georgian Bay in Canada.

In Lake of the Woods, Canada, muskellunge from age VI to VIII were smaller than those in the Susquehanna River.

White Sucker The equations for the body-scale and length-weight relationships of the 268 white sucker were: Z = 128. 6372 + 2. 0674S and Zoj u = -4. 4073 +

2. 8382 Zog l, respectively.

Their greatest calculated growth in length of white sucker occurred during the first year (148 mm) after which the growth decreased from 88 mm between age I and II to 27 mm between age VI and VII (Table I-3). Increases in the weight were substantial during the first five years and they reached a maximum of 176 g at age V.

Based on scale samples, most (80/) of the white sucker captured belong to age groups II, III, and IV. The oldest fish taken were seven years old.

216 Growth of white sucker in the Susquehanna River was similar to that found in the Missouri River. Susquehanna River white sucker grew faster than those in Lake Superior and the Big Blue River, Kansas (Table I-4).

However, white sucker in Great Slave Lake, Canada, grew faster than those in the Susquehanna River after age V. Overall, white ~ icker in the Susquehanna River did not live as long as those in the Lakes.

Northern Hog Sucker The body-scale and length-weight equations for northern hog sucker, at Falls were: '

= 67.1243 + 1.7705S and log al = -5.0793 + 3.1746 log E for 20 female; E = 23. 9628 + 2.1105S and log bl = .19868 + 1. 8330 Log E for 30 male; and Z = 60. 0841 + 1. 9541S and log to = -3. 7842 + 2. 5910 Eog 7 for 145 specimens (both sexes combined), respectively.

o The greatest increase in the calculated growth increment, irrespective of sex, occurred during the first year (Table I-5). Growth of the northern hog sucker was slower than the white sucker and shorthead redhorse. After age I the growth increment decreased from 63 mm between age I and II to 27 mm between age V and VI. The calculated weight interval,,however, increased from 24 g at age I to 131 g at age V. Females were usually longer and heavier at each annulus than males (Tables I-6 and I-7).

Most (85/) of the northern hog sucker captured were three years old or less. Most males were -.three years old; the oldest was six years. The majority of the females were three or four years old; the oldest was five years.

217 The growth of the northern hog sucker was greater in the Susquehanna River than in the Roanoke River, Virginia, and Genesee River, New York, but it was considerably less than in the Illinois River (Table I-8).

Shorthead Redhorse The body-scale and length-weight relationships of 253 shorthead redhorse were determined by the direct proportion method using Lea's 1910 formula because a low coefficient of determination was obtained when the Fraser (1916) modification of the direct proportion formula

'as used.

Of the three species of sucker studied in the River, the shorthead redhorse grew to the largest size in both weight and length. Its calculated growth increment for both sexes combined increased from 57 mm between age 0 and I to 102 mm between age I and II (Table I-9).

The calculated weight increased from 39 g between age 0 and I to 254 g between age II and III (Table I-9). After age III the growth in both length and weight decreased. Males and females were similar in length at each annulus; however, females weighed more than the males at each annulus (Tables I-10 and I-ll).

Most (93/) of the shorthead redhorse captured were between four and six years old. The oldest taken was an eight-year-old female. The oldest males were six years old. Fish younger than three years were not captured.

218 The absence of age groups I through II in the catch is difficult to explain. Part of the reason might be the selectivity of electrofishing for larger fish; however, very few young shorthead redhorse were captured with seines or trapnets near shore. The most likely explanation is that younger shorthead redhorse do not usually inhabit shallow waters near shore. They are probably in deeper water where sampling by electro-fishing, seining, and trapnetting is often not efficient.

REFERENCES CITED Bean, L. S. 1936. Fish yield on the national forests. Region Nine.

Proc. North American Wildl. Conf. 1: 301-304.

Carlander, K. D. 1969. Handbook of freshwater fishery biology. Vol. l.

Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa. 752 pp.

Fraser, CD McL. 1916. Growth of the spring salmon. Trans. Pacif. Fish.

Soc., Seattle, for 1915. 29-39.

Hourston, A. S. 1952. The food and growth of the maskinonge (Esox man~ninon Mitchell) in Canadian waters.. J. Fish. Res. Board Can.

8: 347-368.

Jenkins, R. M., E. M. Leonard, and G. E. Hall. 1952. An investigation of the fisheries resources of the Illinois River and pre-impoundment study of Tenkiller Reservoir, Oklahoma. Okla. Fish. Res. Lab. Rept.

26: 136 pp.

Kathrein, J.W. 1951. Growth rate of four species of fish in a section of the Missouri River between Halster Dam and Cascade, Montana.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 80: 93-98.

Lagler, K. F. 1961. Freshwater fishery biology. William C. Brown Co.,

Dubuque, Iowa. 421 pp.

219 Lea E. 1910. On the methods used in herring investigations. Pubis Circonst. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer No. 53.

Minckley, W. L. 1959. Fishes of the Big Blue River Basin, Kansas.

Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 11: 401-442.

Pennsylvania Fish Commission. 1970. The age and growth of fishes in Pennsylvanip. Bull. Pa. Fish Comm. 36 pp.

Raney, E. C. and E. A. Lachner. 1946. Age, growth, and habits of the d

Nat. 36: 76-86.

Roanoke River in Virginia. Am. Mus. Novitates. 1333: 1-15.

Rawson, D. S. 1951. Studies of the fish of Great Slave Lake. J. Fish.

Res. Board Can. 8: 207-240.

Ricker, W. E.(ed.) . 1971. Methods for assessment of'ish production in freshwaters. IBP Handbook No. 3, 2nd ed. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford and Edinburgh. 348 pp.

220 Table I-1. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 94 muskellunge from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES, 1973-75.

Age Group Number of Fish Fork Len th at Each Annulus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 258 340 406 12 283 385 493 IV 25 287 410 514 612 24 276 390 513 649 725 VI 18 271 399 531 651 761 848 VII 243 377 489 591 687 784 875 Number of fish 94 90 84 72 47 23 5 Calculated fork length 280 395 508 626 724 816 875 Length increment 280 116 116 116 91 89 91 Calculated weight 196 529 1143 2073 2950 4545 5570 Weight increment 196 327 633 919 '"

793 1955 1550

221 Table I-2. Calculated total length (mm) of muskellunge at each annulus in the Susquehanna River compared with those from four other waters.

Body of Water Calculated Total Len th at'ach Annulus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Susquehanna River a 305 431 553 682 789 889 953 (present study)

Rivers & Lakes in Pennsylvania 198 437 622 754 862 958 1036 1105 (Pennsylvania Fish Comm. 1970)

Lake of the Woods 673 769 745 (Hourston 1952)

Kawartha Lakes & Georgian Bay 472 567 714 725 772 778 938 (Hourston 1952)

St. Lawrence River 467 587 692 798 824 876 956 (Hourston 1952) a Fork lengths converted to total lengths (Carlander 1969).

222 Table I-3. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 268 white sucker from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES, 1973-75.

Age Group Number of Fish Fork Len th at Each Annulus 1 2 3 4 5 6 138 41 149 188 78 147 229 278 IV 96 150 223 268 309 37 144 196 240 278 324 VI 10 150 193 246 290 328 358 VII 155 195 233 268 302 329 356 Number of fish 268 264 223 145 49 12 2 Calculated fork length 148 204 253 286 318 344 356 Length increment 148 88 59 41 44 . 30 27 Calculated weight 56 143 260 371 497 593 683 Weight increment 56 134 159 141 176 102 137

223 Table Z 4. Calculated total lengths (mm) of white sucker at each annulus in the Susquehanna River compared with those from four other waters.

Body of Water Calculated Total Len th at Each Annulus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Susquehanna River a 156 217 269 304 338 341 369 (present s tudy)

Lake Superior 51 89 89 190 229 279 305 343 368 406 (Bean 1936)

Missouri River 142 188 277 302 340 381 378 406 (Kathrein 1951)

Great Slave Lake 262 315 386 445 465 505 544 589 599 (Rawson 1951)

Big Blue River 71 99 208 (Minckley 1959) a Fork lengths converted to total lengths (Carlander 1969).

224 Table I-5. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 145 northern hog sucker from the Susquehanna River at Falls, Pennsylvania, 1973-75.

Age Group Number of Fork Len th at Each Annulus Fish 2 3 4 100 50 106 169 68 108 170 227 IV 16 100 167 231 280 94 151 203 246 288 VI 71 145 185 218 269 296 Number of fish 145 140 90 22 6 1 Calculated fork length 97 160 212 248 279 296 Length increment 97 63 58 47 44 27 Calculated weight 24 86 177 269 357 416 Weight increment 24 67 110 129 131 91

225 Table I-6. Mean calculated fork leng'th (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 20 female northern hog sucker from the Susquehanna River at Falls, Pennsylvania, 1973-75.

Age Group Number of Fork Len th at Each Annulus Females 2 3 4 116 191 105 166 209 IV 106 170 240 291 99 156 196 242 281 Number of fish 20 20 19 12 3 Calculated fork length 106 171 215 267 281 d

Length increment 106 47 55 50 39 Calculated weight 23 104 217 430 495 Weight increment 23 74 144 227 187

226 Table I-7. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 30 male northern hog sucker from the Susquehanna River at Falls, Pennsylvania, 1973-75.

Age Group Number of Fork Len th at Each Annulus Males 2 3 4 "5 73 76 142 18 76 150 204 IV 78 143 186 244 VI 71 145 185 218 269 296 Number of fish 30 29 21 Calculated fork length 75 145 192 231 269 296 Length increment 75 70 52 50 51 27 Calculated weigHt 29 95. 158 223 294 350 Weight increment 29 68 70 82 94 56

227 Table I-8. Calculated total length (mm) of northern hog sucker at each annulus in the Susquehanna River compared with those from three other waters.

Body of Water Calculated Total Len th at Each Annulus 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 Susquehanna River a 114 187 248 290 326 346 (present studv)

Genesee River 43 99 142 190 239 251 274 287 351 (Raney and Lachner 1946)

Roanoke River 79 145 216 241 279 (Raney and Lachner 1947) illinois River 196 287 353 373 (Jenkins et al. 1952) a Fork lengths converted to total lengths using formula TL =: 1.17 FL.

228 Table I-9. Mean calculated fork length'mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 252 shorthead redhorse from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES, 1973-76.

Age Group Number of Fork Len th at Each Annulus Fish 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

59 180 248 IV 74 58 170 273 331 V 115 57 156 242 312 363.

VI 46 59 156 245 308 355 388 VII 14 50 134 184 253 307 349 376 VIII 58 148 198 264 304 333 358 391 Number of fish 252. 252 252 250 176 61 15 1 Calculated fork length 57 157 232 294 332 357 367 391 Length increment 57 102 '0 65 '49 35 27 33 Calculated weight 39 169 425 668 939 1142 1424 1624 Weight increment 39 141 254 240 174 125 135 114

229 Table I-10. Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 35 male shorthead redhorse from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES, 1973-76.

Age Group Number of Fork Len th at Each Annulus Males 2 3 4 5 55 176 257 IV 18 51 152 236 293 12 58 150 229 290 324 VI 57 147 201 269 309 346 Number of fish 35 35 35 33 15 3 Calculated fork length 55 156 231 284 317 346 Length increment 55 98 80 59 35 37 Calculated weight 37 104 404 619 899 1027 Weight increment 37 70 268 214 136 111

230 Table I-11 ~ Mean calculated fork length (mm) and weight (g) at each annulus for 59 female shorthead redhorse from the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna SES, 1973-76.

Age Group Number of Fork Len th at Each Annulus Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IV 55 166 252 '15 29 51 149 237 297 336 VI 18 64 165 250 294 329 362 VII 50 149 232 285 321 341 372 VIII 58 148 198 264 304 333 358 391 Number of fish 59 59 59 59 52 23 5 1 Calculated fork length 56 155 234 291 323 345 365 391 Length increment 56 100 86 55 37 31 30 33 Calculated weight 40 196 484 '768 1011 1205 1443 1608 Weight increment 40 169 299 288 209 163 140 120

231 PARASITES OF FISHES by William G. Deutsch TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

INTRODUCTION.... .................................................... 232 P RO CE DURE S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..... 233 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.........,...................................... 234 ERENCES CITED..............,..................,................... 237 LIST OF TABLES Table J-l. Parasites of six, fishes from the Susquehanna River with.

percent of fish infected (%), mean number of parasites per host (R), and infection site (B,'body surface; C, cecae; F, fins; G, gills; I, intestine; Sy stomach)..... 239

232 ABSTRACT From June through November 1973, 274 fish from the Susquehanna River were examined for parasites. About 85X were infected with one or more of 40 species of parasites. Most parasites were species specific and were most abundant in the spring and fall. No gross differences were found in the'ncidence of parasites at unpolluted and polluted (acid mine drainage) River sites. Infections were sometimes limited to, 'and were often greater in larger fish. New host records included digentic (walleye); a nematode Hedruris sp. (smallmouth bass); a copepod Lernaea a leech Actinobdella ine uiannulata (quillback).

INTRODUCTION Literature pertaining to the parasites of .fishes in Pennsylvania is scarce. Fried et al. (1964) conducted an intestinal helminth study of the white sucker in Northampton County. Mackiewicz (1965) surveyed caryophyllid tapeworms of the white sucker from Potter, Forest, and Union Counties and Mackiewicz and Deutsch (1976) described two genera of caryophyllids which infected the quillback from Luzerne and Wyoming Counties. Little parasitological work has been done with the quillback, particularly in the northern part of its North American range, and only

233 five species of parasites have been previously reported from this host (Mackiewicz and Deutsch 1976, Hoffman 1970, Kritsky et al. 1972, and Whitaker and Schlueter 1975).

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and infection intensity of helminths and parasitic copepods of selected fishes from a polluted and unpolluted site on the Susquehanna River.

PROCEDURES From June through November 1973, 274 fish from the Susquehanna River

.were examined for parasites (Deutsch 1974). Species were selected on the basis of availability and variety of food habits. Efforts were made to capture fish of several sizes. They included chain pickerel (20-44 cm'ork length); white sucker (7-47 cm); quillback (29-47 cm); smallmouth bass (7-31 cm); black crappie (8-24 cm); and walleye (18-50 cm) . A boat-mounted, AC electrofisher, Oneida-style trapnet, or seine was used to col-lect fish 4 from "unpolluted" water at Falls, Pennsylvania (Wyoming Co.), and from polluted water (acid mine drainage) near Berwick, Pennsylvania (Luzerne Co.). Specimens that could not be examined immediately were either kept in a live box (for up to 24 h), or dissected and refrigerated.

The fins, body surface, gills, stomach, cecae (when present), and intestine were examined, and parasites were prepared for identification by standard

'methods (Hoffman 1970, Humason 1967, and Klemm 1972). Identifications were verified by the following specialists: Dr. Jacob H. Fischthal,

234 State University of New York at Binghamton (helminths); Dr. Donald J.

Klemm, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati (leeches); and Dr. John S. Mackiewicz, State University of New York at Albany (caro-phyllid cestodes).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 234 of 274 fish examined were infected with one or more of 40 species of parasites (Table J-1). The incidence of parasitism (85.4/)

was similar to that found in Wisconsin and south-central New York streams (Fischthal 1956), and in the Genesee River in New York (Deutsch 1972).

Smallmouth bass were infected with greater numbers and more species (18) of parasites than other fishes. One seemingly healthy bass hosted one parasite .which infected all fishes, and it was especially common on 4

sites which were most numerous in summer. In general, helminths were mor'e abundant in late spring and fall. Only eight species of parasites infected more than one species of fish, and four were ectoparasites.

Skin lesions and inflammation were often associated with copepod infections, but most parasites did not produce notable pathogenic symptoms in fish.

No gross differences were found in the incidence of parasites at unpolluted and polluted Mver sites. But some helminths, such as the 1

S were found in about half the bass from Falls, were absent in fish taken

235 near Berwick. The absence of these parasites may be indirectly related to pollution and substrate type. Earlier inacroinvertebrate sampling revealed that crayfish (Orconectes spp.), the intermediatehosts of C.

cornutum, and mayflies, the intermediate hosts of S. ~racilis, were much more numerous on the, cleaner, coarser substrate at Falls (Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1974, Deutsch 1976) than near Berwick. Low densities of crayfish and mayflies near Berwick may disrupt the life cycle of parasites which use 'them as intermediate posts. Van Cleave and Mueller (1934) reported that C. cornutum infections in Oneida Lake were "invari-ably" found in fish taken from gravel bottom areas, and suggested that this was due to a more favorable habitat for the intermediate host.

Many parasites were more numerous in large fish than in small fish of the same species, and some were only found in adults. A regress'ion analysis revealed that there was a significant linear relationship (correlation coefficient = .86; DF = 4'; P u.05) between size class of walleye and the intensity of infection of the acantnocephalan Neoechino-Only smallmouth bass larger than 18 cm were infected with the trematode C. cornutum. Food habit studies near Berwick indicated that bass smaller than 15 cm did not eat crayfish, the inte'rmediate host of C. cornutum, whereas much smaller bass consumed fish (Ichthyological Associates, Inc.

1973). Lagler (1972) noted that juvenile smallmouth bass are generally

'me '"

piscivorous, whereas, adults eat large numbers of crayfish. Unlike C.

236 for an intermediate host, was found in young-of-the-year bass only 7 cm

long, Eight new host records were established. The occurrence of This trematode is usually found in the stomach of sharks, and has been reported in fresh water only in yellow peich and brook trout (Hoffman 1970). Xhe ddgentic trematode Lissorchis ~ullaris, wh1ch was common in the intestine of quillback in this study, has been found in buffalo fishes, Ictiobus spp., from Lake Texoma, Oklahoma (Self and Campbell 1956).

Immature nematodes Hedruris sp. were found in the intestine and stomach of smallmouth bass, and immature'pecimens of the digenetic white sucker and black crappie. These infections could have been incidental and the parasites may not reach sexual maturity in these hosts.

but no adult paraistes were observed on this host. Hoffman (1970) suggested f1shes." Xhe branchiuran ~Ar ulus sp. was collected from the body surfac'e The leech Actinobdella ine uiannulata was found on the gills of a quillback. It also occurs on the white sucker; webug sucker, Catostomus fecundus; largescale sucker, C. macrocheilus; and the yellow perch, and seems to have a "predilection" for suckers (Dr. Donald J. Klemm, persona3 communication).

237 of two adult quillback. The range of this recently described monogenetic trematode is thus extended from North and South Dakota and Illinois (Kritsky et al. 1972), to Pennsylvania.

REFERENCES CITED Deutsch W. G. 1972. A study of the taxonomy, incidence and distribution of the parasites of fish in the Genesee River drainage system.

B.S. thesis, Houghton College, Houghton, N.Y. 34 pp.

1974. An ecological survey of 'the parasites of fishes of the North Branch Susquehanna River near Berwick, Pennsylvania.

M.A. thesis, State Univ. New York at Binghamton. 111 pp.

1976. Macroinvertebrates. Pages97-140 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December 1974). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwi.ck, Pa.

Fischthal, J. H. 1956. Observations on the occurrence of parasites in the fishes of certain south-central New York streams. N.Y.

Fish and Game J. 3: 225-233.

Fried, B., J. G. Kitchen,and R. S. Koplin. 1964. An intestinal helminth study of Catostomus commersoni from Bushkill Creek, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, with observations on, seasonal distribution of Tri anodistomum sp. (Trematoda) and Fessisentis sp. (Acanthocephala).

Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci., 38: 95-98.

Hoffman, G. L. 1970. Parasites of North American freshwater fishes.

The Univ. of Cali.f..Press, Berkeley, Calif. 468 pp.

Humason, G. L. 1967. Animal tissue techniques. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, Calif. 560 pp.

238 Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972). Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 658 pp.

1974. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwicg, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1973). Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 838 pp.

Klemm', D. J. 1972. freshwater leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) of North America. Biota, of freshwater ecosystems, Ident'ification Manual No. 8. Environ. Prot. Agency. 53 pp.

Kritsky, D.C., P.D. 'Leiby,and M. E. Shelton. 1972. Studies on helminths of North Dakota. IVt parasites of the river carpsucker, ~Car fades

~car io wi,th descriptions of three new species (Monogenea). J.

Parasitol., 58 < 723-731.

Lagler, K. F. 1972. Freshwater fishery biology. Wm. C. Brown Co.,

Dubuque, Iowa. 421 pp.

Mackiewicz, J. S. 1965. Iso laridacris bulbocirrus gen. et. sp. n.

(Cestoidea: Caryophyllaeidae) from Catostomus commersoni in North America. J. Parasitol., 51: 377-381.

Mackiewicz, J. S. and W. G. Deutsch. 1976. Rowardleus and Janiszewskella, new caryophyllid genera (Cestoidea: Caryophyllidea) from ~Car iodes

~c rinus (Catostomidae) in eastern North America. J. Helminthol.

Soc. Wash., 43,: 9-17.

Self, J. T. and J. W. Campbell. 1956. A study of the helminth parasites of the buffalo fishes of Lake Texoma with a description of Lissorchis Huliards n. sp. (Trematode: Lissorchiidae) . Trans. Am. Microsc. Hoc.,

75: 397-461.

Van Cleave, H. J. and J. F. Mueller. 1934. Parasites of the Oneida Lake fishes. Part 1. Descriptions of new genera and new species. Pages 9-71 in Roosevelt Wildlife Annals, 3(l). Bul. N.Y.S. Col. of For.,

Syracuse Univ. 4 (3rd).

Whitaker, J. 0. and R. A. Schlueter. 1975. Occurrence of the crustacean Petersburg, Indiana. Am. Midi. Nat. 93: 446-450.

239 Table J-I. Farasitee of stx fishes froa che Suaqwhcnna ktver vtth percenc of fish tafected (I), sean n>a>ber of parasites per host (x), and tnfcctton slee (9, body surface; c, cecae; F. final c, ftlls; I, iatesclae; s, atoaach).

Far44itc (7!ate Fickerel 2 x site

~I 2

White Suc'ker x stre ttutltback

~6$ R slee Saallaouth Sass

~39' 2 R) ~ tte Slack Crappie

~25 2 R I

~ ite Z Valleys

~55 il R ates

~on Monotenetic Treaatodes aul '"'"

~hz

~tnoatlSRR92

" aalLallc o ~al ter I

~@~

~aa "'io~

3 3~ (C) 14 25 2

2 (0)

(0) 20 2 (0)

~

5>5 4 I (0)

Diteaectc Treaatodea

~rc ~do ala>at 15 Sl (C,S,1)

~u~eo ls (c,s, I)

~ois JIRRRRith<R Rts

~aDR44NI JdtllSZIS 19 3 (I) 30 7 (I<

45 rod ~01 (S,l)

~p~oo Lans ~4 14 19

<s)

~<RI~o~t ~2444444 <t) 31 11 (0, I) 4L I (I)

~

Cestodes 1)taaccccll~oal us ~oaldds I 3 ( I)

~au ua ~no I I ( I) 3)R~hr ~crau (0

~a ~o Jokhhro cc~h4

~a~at

~co lar

~a I ~u~d4 R44IIS RRl)IRR(IINS lail 14 9

5 11 6

2 (I)

( I)

( I) 30 12 <I) 2 (C) 40 3 (C,S> I)

~ro co Slane~ ~aa 2S 2 (CIS>l)

Jioo coa~ch4 t~u ~4T 26 2 (I) covardleus auau Rcnacnate 13 2 <I)

-34 2 <I)

Ncnatodcs Caaallanua ~ohat Ig (C,I) 64 S (C,S, I)

I I (I)

Ncdruris sp. 4 lcb 6 (S. I)

~

a"'" I ahabdochona caccadilla 2 I ( I)

Chabdochoaa sp.c 6 4 (I) 21 3 (S ~ I)

~stra ~ sp.c 4 (I)

Acaathocepha lass 5g~or ZR~d

~xoccrLtaorhh~cU QZllRd~s

~a 2 I (I) 6) 2 6

(0)

(S,I) 74 7 0) llaaL>I 50 2 (I)

Nranchiuraas

~ar ul sp. 24 2 (C>F>S) 7 I (9) 3 I (S) I (S)

Cop epode Achtherca sp. S 2 <C)

~lt 441 1 U ap ~ ,4 2 (0) cu la! Stb 10 <C) 45 10 (0) 20 2 (C)

I 6 I <C)

(adulc) 40 4 (C>F,S) 10 I (C) (9) 4 (F) teaches (c) lb I <c) 7 I (F) 3 I (F) 4 Nuaber of ftsh cxaslaed, nuaber of fish infected.

b Nev host record.

c lcaature spectacaa.

240 LYMPHOCYSTIS IN WALLEYE by Gerard L. Buynak and Andrew J. Gurzynski TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

241 NTRODUCT ION ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' 241 P RO CE DURE S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 242 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.......... . .. ~........ ~.... ~.....

~ ~ ~ . ~ .. ~....

~ ~ 242 Seasonal Variati'on in Occurrence 'of Lymphocystis....... 242 Sites of Infection................................ 243 Age Class ys. Incidence of Infection............................... 244 REFERENCES CITED...................................................... 244 LIST OF TABLES Table K-l. Location of lymphocystis tumors found on walleye from the Susquehanna River................'."... .. . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 246 Table K-2. Percent infection of lymphocystis for combined age classes of walleye in the Susquehanna River............. 247 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. K-l. Seasonal variation in the percent infection of lympho-cystis in 272 walleye collected in the Susquehanna River, 1975 and 1976. Walleye were collected in all months except January............................ ..... .. 248

241 ABSTRACT Seasonal variation in the incidence of lymphocystis tumors in 272 walleye from the Susquehanna River was investigated in 1975 and 1976.

The incidence of infection was significantly higher (P<0.01) during the winter and the highest incidence (31/) occurred in February. Most tumors (53X) were on the body below the spinous dorsal fin. Lympho-cystis did not occur in fish younger than three years old.

INTRODUCTION Lymphocystis is a highly infectious disease caused by an intra-cellular virus. It is characterized by the formation of tumors or "warts" on the body and fins of both fresh and salt water fishes (Nigrelli and Ruggieri 1965). Although lymphocystis is generally considered nonlethal, it may partially immobilize the host and decrease its chance of survival.

Although lymphocystis has been studied in the laboratory (annotated bibliography, Nigrelli and Ruggieri 1965), information concerning the disease in nature is sparse. The purposes of this study were to determine the seasonal occurrence and rates of infection of the disease in walleye from the Susquehanna River.

242 P QOCEDURE S Monthly from December 1975 through November 1976 (no sample was taken in January), a total of 272 walleye was collected from a 3.0-km section of the Susquehanna River near Berwick, Pennsylvania., All fish were weighed, measured, and examined for location of lymphocystis tumors.

Scales for age determination were removed from the left side of each fish at the tip of the extended pectoral fin.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Seasonal Variation in Occurrence of Lymphocystis The percent infeption of walleye with lymphocystis varied; it was low from March through July, increased in August, and then decreased in September and October. It increased again in November and remained high throughout the winter (Fig. K-1). A chi-square analysis (Siegel 1956) revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in the rate of infection seasonally. The highest rate occurred in February when 31% of the fish were infected. Percent infection in August was high in comparison to those of July, September, and October. However, lymphocystis tumors may appear and disappear within a few days (Nigrelli 1954) and the sudden change in August is probably not unusual.

In the literature there are conflicting reports regarding seasonal occurrence of the disease. In Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri, Witt (1957) observed the highest incidence of infection in summer (10.7%) and the lowest in winter and early spring (1.4%) for white crappie. In walleye

243 from Nipigon River, Ontario, Ryder (1961);observed the highest incidepce of the'isease during and immediately following spawning in early spring and infected fish that were tagged showed'o trace of the disease in,summer, fall, and winter. Hansen (1951) observed a low incidence of the disease in spring of 1942 in two Illi'nois lakes and an extremely high incidence in fall of 1943 in a third lake.

The differences in the time of yearfor maximum occurrence of lympho-C cystis differed not only in the various fishes but also in the same species from different bodies of water. This suggests that the disease is controlled by more than one factor. Environmental conditions, such as temperature, may play an important part in its occurrence, but other factors such as stress caused by changing environmental conditions, removal of the mucous coat through spawning activities, and in$ uries mi'ght reduce the fishes'esistance to the 'disease. Once started the disease may spread throughout the population irrespective of the season.

Sites of Infection In the walleye examined, tPe number of tumors varied from 1 to over 50, and covered" up to about 8/ of the total body surface. The body beneath the spinous dorsal fin contained 53/ of all the infections; followed by the operculum with 34/; the caudal peduncle, 6/; and the body under the soft dorsal, 3/ (Table K-1). The fins, which were the main sites of infection for Centrarchids (Weissenberg 1945), were infected only 3/.

244 Age Class vs. Incidence of Infection Some age classes of walleye were more infected with l'ymphocystis than others'one of the 122 walleye in age classes I and II were infecte'd, but from ll to 44/ of the individuals in the remaining groups of age classes were infected (Table K-2). Similar results were found in white crappie (Witt 1957); bluegill (Petty and Magnuson 1974); and W N ~

The difference in the rate o'f infection between the year classes might result from differences in behavior. Ryder (1961) attributed the increase in infected walleye in spring to spawning. Walleye may lose a portion of their mucous coat when spawning in riffles, thereby =

becoming more vulnerable to infection; the chance of infection may also be increased by crowded conditions on the spawning grounds. Walleye less than three years old, which usually do not spawn, would be less likely to become infected.

REFERENCES CITED Hansen, D. 1951 'iology of the white crappie in Illinois. Bull. Ill.

Nat. Hist. Sur., 25: 211-265.

McCosker, J. ED 1969 ' behavioral correlation for the passage of lymphocystis disease in three blennioid fishes. Copeia 1969:

636-637 R. F ~

'igrelli, 1954 'umors and other atypical cell growths in temperate freshwater fishes of North America. Trans. Am. Microsc.

Soc.p <3 262 295.

245 Nigrelli, R. F. and G. D. Ruggieri. 1965. Studies on virus diseases of fishes. Spontaneous and experimentally induced cellular hypertrophy (lymphocystis disease) in fishes of New York Aquarium, with a report of'ew cases and an annotated bibliography (1874-1965). Zoologica.

50: 83-96.

Petty, L. L. and J. J. Magnuson. 1974. Lymphocystis in age 0 bluegill

~Le ernie macrochlrue) relative to heated effluent in Lake Monona, Wisconsin. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31: 1189-1193.

Ryder, R. A. 1961. Lymphocystis as a mortality factor in walleye population. Prog. Fish-Cult. 23: 183-186.

Siegel, S. 1956. Nonpar'ametric statistics for the behavioral sciences.

McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y. 312 pp; Weissenberg, R. 1945. Studies on virus diseases of fish. IV. Lympho-cystis disease in Centrarchidae. Zoologica. 30: 169.

Witt, A., Jr. 1957. Seasonal variation in the incidence of lymphocystis in the white crappie from the Niangua Arm of the Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 85: 271-279.

246 Table K-1. Location of lymphocystis tumors found on walleye from the Susquehanna River.

Areaa Incidences of / of Occurrence Infection Operculum 34 Fins Body under spinous dorsal '17 53 Body under soft dorsal Caudal peduncle a

More than one area may be infected at the same time.

247 Table K-2. Percent infection of lymphocystis for combined age classes of walleye in the, Susquehanna River.

Age Classes No. Fish No. Infected  % Iqfection I &II 122 0 0 III & IV 97 12 12 V&VI 44 VII & VIII 44

248 40 R

O z 20 1

K IL W

0 10 DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Fig. K-1. Seasonal variation in the percent infection of lymphocystis in 272 walleye collected in the Susquehanna River, 1975 and 1976. Walleye were collected in all months except January.

249 PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT DURING 1976 Project Director Theodore V. Jacobsen, A.A.S. Paul Smith's College; B.S. Cornell University; M.S. Iowa State University Director of Research William F. Gale, B.A., M.S. Southern Illinois University; Ph.D., Iowa State University Research Coordinator Gerard L. 'Buynak, B.S. Lock Haven State College; M.S. Southern Illinois University Research Biologists William G. Deutsch, B.S. Houghton College; M.A. State University of New York at Binghamton Andrew J. Gurzynski, B.S. Bloomsburg State College Harold W. Mohr, Jr., B.A. Bloomsburg State College Lynn Sabin, B.A., M.A. Southern Illinois University Water J. Soya, B.A. Hiram Scott College Biometrician James M. Chance, B.A. Washington and Lee University; A.M. University of Pennsylvania Research Aides Cynthia A. Gale, candidate for B.A. Bloomsburg State College Janet L. Gale, candidate for B.S. Pennsylvania State University Mark K. Gale, student, Berwick Area High School Linda S. Young, B.A. Bloomsburg State College Executive Secretary Marion S. Hidlay Maintenance Engineer J. Charles Bredbenner

250 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due the Pennsylvania Power and Light Company for sponsoring the studies. H. Clair Fleeger, Robert J. Perry, and John W. Weaver of the Pennsylvania Fish Commission were helpful in many ways. The following members of the staff of Ichthyological Associates, Inc. greatly contributed to the overall success of the various studies: Catherine C. Barski, J.

Charles Bredbenner, James M. Chance, Cynthia A. Gale, Janet L. Gale, Mark K. Gale, Dr. William F. Gale, Bernadine T. Smith, and Linda S. Young.

Special recognition is due Marion S. Hidlay who typed the report. Dr.

Edward C. Raney and John Homa, Jr. are gratefully acknowledged for their constructive review of the report.