ML23317A166
| ML23317A166 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Seabrook  |
| Issue date: | 11/03/2023 |
| From: | NextEra Energy Seabrook |
| To: | Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| Shared Package | |
| ML23317A044 | List:
|
| References | |
| L-2023-152 | |
| Download: ML23317A166 (1) | |
Text
SEABROOK DESIGN OF STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS EQUIPMENT AND Revision 12 STATION SYSTEMS Appendix 3A UFSAR Pipe Break Analysis Summary Page 3A-1
APPENDIX 3A PIPE BREAK ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
Introduction
This appendix summarizes the results of the failure mode and effects analyses of breaks in high and moderate energy piping systems.
Summary
Main Steam and Feedwater Pipe Chases and Yard
The main steam and feedwater lines are the largest high energy lines located outside Containment, and a rupture in these lines could, therefore, result in more severe environmental conditions locally than any other line outside Cont ainment. The portions of the main steam and feedwater lines in the containment penetration ar ea between the first pipe whip restraint inside Containment and the first pipe whip restraint out side Containment meet all of the requirements of paragraph B.1.b of MEB 3-1, and are excluded from postulation of circumferential ruptures in this area.
In accordance with Branch Technical Position ASB 3-1, paragraph B1.a.(1), longitudinal breaks of the main steam and feedwater lines have been postulated to occur in the penetration areas. A break area of 1.0 square feet has been postulated for this study.
Outside the Containment in the annulus between the containment structure and the containment enclosure, the main steam and feedwater lines ar e enclosed in guard pipes, composed of the containment penetration sleeves, which prevent pressurization of the Enclosure Building.
The containment penetrations have been designed to withstand without failure the maximum combination of forces and moments that can be transmitted by the attached piping, so that containment boundary integrity would be assured even without the use of pipe rupture restraints.
The pipe rupture restraints are designed to prev ent pipe rupture forces and moments from being applied to the containment penetrations and the isolation valves and to limit piping stresses to less than the values required by paragraph B.1.b of MEB 3-1, so that pipe ruptures between the inner and outer pipe whip restraints need not be postulated.
SEABROOK DESIGN OF STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS EQUIPMENT AND Revision 12 STATION SYSTEMS Appendix 3A UFSAR Pipe Break Analysis Summary Page 3A-2
In the main steam and feedwater pipe chases outside Containment, a maximum temperature of 450ºF and pressure of 4.8 psig can be attained as a result of the postulated 1.0 square foot rupture. The P-T effects on essential structures and components have been addressed as follows:
- a. The main steam and feed water valve operators are designed to close the valves in the event of loss of instrument air. In addition, the operators are qualified to operate with the 4.8 psig overpressure.
Direct impingement of steam from a one square foot rupture of the adjacent line would result in mechanical forces and torsion wh ich would not cause failure of the valve body or bonnet, or the attached piping. Possible failure of valve operator solenoids, limit or position switches, or instrument, power, and control cables would not activate the valve because redundant solenoids, switches and instrument, power, and control cables are located on the far side of the valve and are protected by the valve body and operator from direct impingement from the postulated break. A failure of one steam or feedwater line would therefore not result in the loss of function of the other loop.
- b. One emergency feedwater steam supply line is lo cated in each pipe chase, so that a single failure in one chase would not affect the steam supply from the other chase.
- c. A series of seven blow-out panels have been incorporated in the design of the upper walls near the roof line of each pipe chase. The panels are designed to blow out at a differential pressure of 0.5 psi to relieve in ternal pressure following a large high energy line break.
- d. The seismic Category I structure housing the main steam and feedwater pipe chases was analyzed for the temperature and pressure resulting from the 1.0 square foot rupture of the main steam line. It was concluded that the structure can withstand the 450ºF and 4.8 psig conditions, concurrent with SSE, without failure.
In the evaluation of temperature response following a Main Steam Line Break outside Containment, a break spectrum initiated from 100% and 70% of maximum analyzed power has been analyzed at the conditions associated w ith a core power level of 3659 MWt. The break sizes analyzed are 1.0, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 sq. ft. Each main steamline break outside Containment is represented as a non-mech anistic split piping rupture. Prior to steamline isolation, the steam flow is supplied from all f our steam generators, through the postulated break area represented by the spectrum noted. After steamline isolation, the steam release through the break is supplied by a single steam generator.
SEABROOK DESIGN OF STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS EQUIPMENT AND Revision 12 STATION SYSTEMS Appendix 3A UFSAR Pipe Break Analysis Summary Page 3A-3
UFSAR Section 3.11.2.1 states that, based on a detailed review of the MS&FW pipe chase design, Seabrook Station can achieve a safe shutdown under any postulated superheated temperature profile due to a MSLB. This is achieved principally by the separation criteria conceptually designed into these building ar eas. Seabrook has two separated MS&FW pipe chase areas exiting the east and west sides of containment. Each pipe chases houses the feedwater and main steam piping for two of the four steam generators. The piping is designed under the concepts of superpipe (i.e., low stress allowables and upgraded ISI program). Since the requirement is for a minimum of two steam generators for cooldown, the plant can safely shut down under the postulated MSLB in the MS&FW pipe chase designed with superpipe, using the alternate pipe chase.
The MS&FW pipe chase houses the MS&FW contai nment isolation valves, Main Steam Safety valves, atmospheric dump valves and MS supply valves to the emergency feed pump turbine.
This equipment has been Environmentally Qualif ied to perform its design basis function during a postulated MSLB outside containment.
A flooding study has been performed to establish the maximum water level in the pipe chases.
In accordance with BTP ASB 3-1, a one square foot longitudinal break was postulated in the main feedwater line in the east pipe chase which results in the worst case flood with regard to both flood depth and effect on essential equipment. The resulting flood reaches a level 2'-5" above the pipe chase floor. The instrument room in the east chase has been provided with watertight door and cable tray seals to preclude damage to the MSIV panels within. No other essential equipment is affected by this flood. Note that the similar area in the west pipe chase does not contain similar MSIV panels, and flood protection is not required.
Outside Containment and north of the main steam and feedwater pipe chases, pipe whip restraints are located on both the main steam and the feedwater lines. These whip restraints are designed as boundary restraints to prevent any moment s or torsion due to a failure in any part of the nonnuclear portions of these lines from being transmitted to the main steam or feedwater isolation valves or to the containment penetrations. The pipe whip restraints are designed to restrain the maximum forces and moments that can be transmitted by the piping without yielding. The load-bearing portions of the piping that pass through these whip restraints consist of heavy-wall forgings with integral lugs to prevent high local stresses and possible pipe wall collapse under pipe rupture loads.
SEABROOK DESIGN OF STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS EQUIPMENT AND Revision 12 STATION SYSTEMS Appendix 3A UFSAR Pipe Break Analysis Summary Page 3A-4
Failure of the main steam lines at elevation 40'-2 " could result in the impact of the main steam line on the exterior north wall of its respective pi pe chase. Impact loading would cause local failure of the wall, generating missiles (spalled concrete) inside the pipe chase, jeopardizing essential main steam and feedwater isolation valv es, cable trays and instrumentation. To provide protection for this essential equipment, pipe whip restraints have been provided to protect the building from damage. The whip restraints ar e equipped with crush pads and are mounted on a concrete beam to distribute rupture loading into nearby perpendicular walls. Postulated failures in the feedwater lines in this area do not result in unacceptable consequences.
On the east side of the Containment, the nonnuclear portions of the main steam and feedwater lines are run on elevated supports, and no other safety-related equipment is located in the area.
On the west side of the Containment, the nonnuclear portions of the main steam and feedwater lines run on elevated supports adjacent to the east wall of the Control Building. It was determined by analysis, that a split in the main steam line which runs nearest to the control building wall could cause jet impingement which mi ght result in failure of the two-foot thick reinforced concrete wall, with formation of mi ssiles inside the Control Building. These missiles could jeopardize the safety-related electrical trays in the southeast corner of the building, as well as the motor generator sets. To avoid this problem, this line is sleeved from the point at which it leaves the pipe whip restraints north to a point beyond which missiles would cause no problem, a distance of about sixteen feet vertically and tw enty-two feet horizontally. Analysis has shown that rupture of the other high energy lines in this area would cause no unacceptable effects.
Failure of the main steam or feedwater lines on th e west side of the Containment where they run along the Turbine Building could result in impact of the ruptured lines on the northeast corner of the Control Building, with the possible generation of missiles that could damage safety-related electrical trays in the Control Building. In order to prevent this effect, a pipe whip restraint bumper has been provided to prevent damage to the control building wall. This bumper is equipped with energy absorbing crush pads and b eams to distribute pipe rupture loads to nearby perpendicular walls to prevent panel fracture of th e control building wall in this area in the event of a rupture of any of these high energy lines.
Guillotine ruptures inside the Turbine Building would impose blowdown forces on the manifolds in the south direction which would be resisted by the entire piping system inside the Turbine Building and, thus, no impact on the Emergency Feedwater Pumphouse is postulated.
SEABROOK DESIGN OF STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS EQUIPMENT AND Revision 12 STATION SYSTEMS Appendix 3A UFSAR Pipe Break Analysis Summary Page 3A-5
Containment Enclosure and Penetration Area
In the containment enclosure and associated buildings (penetration area), a failure of the chemical and volume control system letdown lin e, CS-360-9-3" would cause the most severe environmental conditions (see Appendix 3I), but a ll essential equipment in this area is qualified to operate in a more severe environment, and no failures due to temperature, pressure or humidity are anticipated.
A terminal end rupture of lines CS-328-3-2", CS-329-1-2", CS-330-1-2", CS-331-1-2" or CS-335-1-3" could result in a spray of water at 130°F on nearby essential valve operators 2" CS-V-162, 2" CS-V-166, 3" CS-V-142, 3" CS-V-143, 8" RH-V-20, CS-V-167, 2" CS-V-158, or 2" CS-V-154 and on rack MM-1R-12. The impingement force of the water would be insufficient to damage the valve operators or th e rack. Wetting due to the water spray would not cause failure of the valve operators, but could cause a short-circuit failure of the rack's electrical connections. Since the rack does not contain a ny equipment required for safe shutdown of the nuclear reactor, failure of the electrical connections would be acceptable (see Table 3.6(B)-1).
Rupture of the large component cooling water lin es would cause flooding of the lower levels, but pressure and flow monitors would alert the operator that a problem existed. The system inventory is limited to the contents of the pi ping and the head tank, so that flooding to the elevation of the essential equipment in instrume nt rack MM-1R-13A is not possible, even if no operator action is taken.
Rupture of the small high energy lines in the area can cause flooding, but each system is provided with pressure and flow monitoring instru mentation that would alert the operator in the event of a rupture of a line. The operator would have sufficient time to isolate the leaking line in any case.
Primary Auxiliary Building and Equipment Vaults
In the Primary Auxiliary Building, the worst environmental conditions would occur from a postulated rupture of the 6" auxiliary steam lin e break in Zone 33C, which could result in an ambient temperature of 249°F and a pressure of 0.20 psig. A ll electrical equipment in the PAB which is essential for safe plant shutdown is capable of performing its intended function while exposed to this environment.
Rupture of the large component cooling, reactor makeup water and containment spray lines could result in flooding of the sumps in the equipment vaults. Pressure and flow indicators in each system would alert the operator that a problem existed, so that action to isolate the ruptured line could be taken. The sump high level indicat ors would also alert the operator that flooding existed.
SEABROOK DESIGN OF STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS EQUIPMENT AND Revision 12 STATION SYSTEMS Appendix 3A UFSAR Pipe Break Analysis Summary Page 3A-6
Uncorrected flooding of one equipment vault might result in loss of function of the equipment in the vault. In this case, the redundant equipment in the other vault would be available for safe plant shutdown.
Other Buildings
Rupture of the hot water heating lines in the Diesel Generator Building, Emergency Feedwater Pumphouse, Service Water Pumphouse and Control Building, would result in short-term elevations of temperature to a maximum of 127°F for 3 minutes. Relative humidity would approach 100 percent, but no flooding would occur because of the limited hot water inventory in the heating system.
SEABROOK DESIGN OF STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS EQUIPMENT AND Revision 8 STATION SYSTEMS Appendix 3B UFSAR Deleted Page 3B-1
APPENDIX 3B (DELETED IN AMENDMENT 57)
CONTEm'S
- 1. INTRODUCTION 1
2.. REQUIRED INPUT INFORMATION 3
- 3. JE! IMPINGEMENT FORCES 4
3.-1 !LCUDCT.m FORCE 4
3.2 FOIJ.. JET Dfi'INGD-tEN'!' LOAD s
3.3 JET IMPINGEl-1EN! PRESSURE 6 3.4 JET IMPINGEMEN!' AUA 7 3.5 JET nfPINGEHENT ENVELOPE 9
4.0 REFERENCES
21 Amendment 56 November 1985
- 1. INTRODUCTION
The scope of this guide is to establish convenient but conservative
methods of computing fluid jet impingement loads on structures,
components and systems due to postulated ruptures in high energy
piping (i.e., piping systems where the maximum normal operating
temperature exceeds 200°F, or where the maximum normal operating
pressure exceeds 275 psig} (REF. 4), inside as well as outside the
reactor containment building in accordance with REF. 5. Only
mechanical impingement loads have been considered, thermal shock
loads due to high energy fluid jets have not been covered by this
guide. The jet impingement loads given in this guide are
equivalent static loads, based on the conservative assumption that
a target encountering the jet remains elastic.
A li*t of ~inimum input data required to assess the consequences
of jet impingement on essential components is provided.
Simplified techniques of computing conservative values of jet
impingement loads, areas, pressures and envelopes are presented
for both circumferantial and longitudinal type of pipe failures.
For each case. an illustrated example is given.
If the simplicity and, therefore, the inherent conservatism of
the jet impingement crit&%i~ giYen in thi* suide re*ult in
unacceptable and/or uneconomical jet impingmnent protection
designs, it is recommended that rigorous. analysis be performed.
Such analysis should include elasto-plastic behavior of the
target, non-homogeneous nature of jet. interaction between
the jet and its environment, and drag effect due to the
shape of the target.
Amendment 56 November 1985
- 2. REQUIRED INPUT INFORMATION
To determine jet impingement loads on essential structures,
systems and components or on such structures, systems and
components as may adversely affect essential items, the following
is prerequisite information:
(a) Composite drawings of high energy piping and safety
related target structure, systems and components.
(b) Locations and types of postulated break points for each
~igh energy piping, and
(c) State of high energy piping fluid, fluid pressure and
pipe data.
- 3. JET IMPINGEMENT FORCES
3.1 BLOWOOWN FORCE
For steady state flow. neglecting fluid friction in pipe, the
blowdown force Fs (.ee Fig. 1) act~ng on the discharging pipe
segment is given by (REF. 1),
- (1)
where:
K
- thrust fa-ctor (1. 26 for flashing and partially
flashing fluids and 2.0 for sub-cooled fluids)
p
- fluid pressure in pipe
P..* ambient pressure around the target A* area of jet openiug
Area of jet opening for longitudinal breaks aDd *also* for
circumferential breaks on unrestrained pipes (Fig. 8) ia aaaumed to be equal to the internal cross sectional area
of the pipe. However, if the pipe is axially restrained,
then in case of a cirCQDferential break the broken ends of
the pipe vill aeparate by circular width B, effectins a fu jet, aDd the jet opening area will be given by,
A
- lr DB
where:
D
- inside diameter of pipe
B
- distance between broken ends of pipe
Value of B for a given case depends upon the pipe geometry,
pipe material and properties, restraint stiffnesses and fluid
eharacteristics; and can be determined by dynamic or statie
analysis'of the system including piping and restraints.
- 3. 2 FULL JET DIPINGEMENT LOAD
Whenever a discharging jet encounters a target object in ita path,
the momentum of some fluid particles is chaBged and an impingement
foree is developed. ~pingement load characteristics depend upon
target shape, projected area, and ~rientation relative to the jet,
as well as jet cross sectional area and flow properties. However,
the stmple model shown in Fig. 1 i1 used to esttmate jet loads
on target(s) encQuntered in a nuclear power plant.
The jet discharges from an open pipe with jet opening area A
and expaDcil to an area A* at some diatance L, where it i1
assumed to be homogeneous. Forward motion of the jet il stopped
by the target shown and the net rightward jet ~pingement force
on the target is therefore
- (2)
where:
Pi
- uniform impingement pressure on the target
A00.. area of fully expanded jet at the target
If momentum and shear interactions between the jet and its
environment are assumed to be negligible then, forward momentum
conservation for the jet at any location through.out its travel
leads to an equality of blowdown force FB and total jet force Rj. Equivalent static jet impingement force on the target is
therefore also given by
R j
- 2 K(p-p..)A ***** (3)
- 3. 3,lET IMPINGEMENT PRESSURE
When a system or component encounters only a part of the jet. it
is useful to know the impingement pressure to compute the total
jet load aetir.g on auch a target. lrom equations (2) and (3), the tmpingement pressure, Amendment 56 November 1985
2K(p-poo)A ***** (4)
A.,
The jet impingenent load on a target with area At which does not
encount&r full jet (i.e. At ( Ao) is given by
- (5)
3.4 JET D!PING~1ENT AREA
Full jet imping~ent area A~can be determined if distance L of the
target from the jet opening and the shape and size of the jet
0 openin& arc known. A conservative value of 10 (REF. 3) can be
used for jet expansion half-angle '* The shape and size of jet I
~
opening are governed by the pipe size and the type of postulated pipe failure.
CIRetniFERENTIAL BREAK
UNRESTRAINED PIPES: Circumferential breaks are perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis of the p, ipe~ Total separation of the pipe
at the postulated break point is assumed. For unrestrained pipes the break area is therefore equal to internal cross sectional area
~f the pipe (REF. 2).
Amendment 56 November 1985
The following equation gives full jet ~pingement area (Fis. 2)
- (6)
where:
D
- inside diameter of the pipe L
- distance of the target from the jet opening
~
- expansion half-angle of the jet (=10°)
Graph given in Fig. 5 can be U$ed to determine the tmpingem~nt
area A.,. for known values of L and D.
RESTRAI~~D PIPES: Full tm?ingement area of the fan jet due to
a postulated circumferential break in a restrained pipe (Fig. 3)
iJ given by
A.,.
- 2"' (L + O.SD) (B + 2L tan~)...... (7)
where:
B
- distance be~een the broken ends of the pipe
(see sub-section 3.1)
Cr*ph given in Fig. 6 caD be ueed to determine circular tapingement area A10 for known values of L, D and B.
Amendment 56 November 1985 LONGITUDINAL BREAK
Longitudinal breaks are parallel to the axis of the pipe and
are oriented at any point around the circumference, (REF. 2).
The jet axis is therefore perpendicular to pipe axis. The
break area is assumed equal to internal cross sectional area
of
- the pipe and the shape of the break is assumed to be
rectangular so that the long side of the rectangle is parallel
to pipe axis and is equal to twice the inside diameter of
the pipe.
Full jet impingement area on a normal target plane (Fig. 4) is
_c.c, given by
- (8)
where ~1,., 2L tan cp.
Graph given in Fig. 7 can be used to determine full jet
impingement area Acofor known values of Land D.
If the jet axis is not normal to the target plane, and makes an
angle 9 to the normal direction, then the full jet impingement
area on the target plane is given by:
A = (2D +~2) (7TD + 62)/cos 9, 8
- ( 9)
where ~ 2 + 2L tan cp/ cos 9
3.5 JET IMPINGEMENT ENVELOPE
An area of the target structure larger than the full impingement
area A may be affected due to the motion of the unrestrained November 1985 Amendment 56
broken pipe following a circumferential break. Such an area is
called jet impingement envelope. It is generally not applicable
to longitudinal breaks where pipe displacement is limited.
CIRCUMFERENTIAL BREAK
In case of a circumferential break due to unrestrained motion
of the broken end of the pipe, the impinging jet will traverse
a larger area of the target structure. In Fig. 8, first the wall
and then the floor will encounter the jet force from point a to
point i as the broken pipe swints from position 1 to
position n.
Jet tmpingement envelope then can be developed by determining
full jet impingement areas at the wall and floor according to initial position, some selected inte~ediate positions, and
the final position of tb~broken end of the pipe in mellon,
(i.e. positions 1,2,J, ******,n). The locations and magnitude
of jet impingement loads will vary from points a to i, depending upon
the distance between the source of the jet and the tarset structure, and the inclination of the target structure to the jet axis, at any given ia.tant.
Amendment 56 November 1985
PAGE 11 OF APPENDIX 3C
DELETED
IN AMENDMENT 56
Pressure Vessel
Impingement Target
Flow
p CD
Jet Area, A 00
FIGURE 1 GENERAl MODEL Amendraent 56 November 1985
Target Plane
Expansion Half-Angle, 0
Jef
L
FIGURE 2 FUlL IMPINGEMENT AREA-CIRCUMFERENTIAL BREAK UNRESTRAINED PIPE
Restraint
L
FIGURE 3 FULL IMPINGEMENT AREA-CIRCUMFERENTIAL BREAK RESTRAINED PIPE
Longitudinal Break
Full Impingement Area, A/
L
TarQet.Plane
.FIGURE 4 JET IMPINGEMENT AREA-LONGITUDINAL BREAK
0
<D
0 0........
10..J
0
(\\j
0
FIGURE 5 JET IMPINGEMENT AREA-CIRCUMFERENTIAL BREAK UNRESTRAINED PIPE
a
~
a
a
~ j
... /
g I 0
... I
.. /
~
0
.. lL
"'! _j_
C>
... v j /
0
"'! v v 2
.. / v
0
~ v a I
...... - v v
-ac '/ v a I ~
d~ v lL *L
- 1/ I/ / v
.; I / v
- v / v j /
0
~ v / __,. v 2 v
- I / /v v
0.....,....
It / / / *v
- v v / / ~ v-.,.,
0 v v./ :,....---
~ I / / / ~v
- I / ~ v / v k---"': v
.. / v v :.,....--I- ~
.. j I I o....... v 1--
..:./........... 1--
.. V. y!.. 1AI II* *,......,........... ~
.. / ~ ~* -- _... ~
"'! I v v v.... v ~ ~*;;:. *** f.-- -
...,/ ~ -- -~... -
~~ ~.,..-~ 1--,__-- - f--- f--" -
ai&J ~ ~ :::.-~ ' *~*
~
.oo JD,DO %D.DD lD. DD co.oo &D.DO I.D.DO 7D.OD ao.oo ID*DO I D 00
FIGURE 6 JET IMPINGEMENT AREA-CIRCUMFERENTIAL BREAK
RESTRAINED PIPE
0 o.......
ll)....J
0
¢
0 N
0
FIGURE 7 JET IMPINGEMENT AREA-LONGITUDINAL BREAK
,-------------- /
n / ;1,
// I // I
/ I
//I 1 I
/ I 1 I f I I I... Q 0 3 ( ' I I I * *** 0
2'
'*b o_: (J* b
... *o
Wall
- t)&>. 0 *
. 0 *~*~ I
Floor
FIGURE 8 JET IMPINGEMENT ENVELOPE-CIRCUMFERENTIAL BREAK UNRESTRAINED PIPE Amendment 56 November 1985
PAGE 20 OF APPENDIX 3C
DELETED
IN AMENDMENT 56
- 4. REFERENCES
- 1. F.J. MOODY, "Prediction of Blowdown Thrust and Jet Forces",
~ Publication No. 69-HT-31, May 1969.
- 2. Regulatory Guide 1.46, "Protection Against Pipe 'Whip Inside ContaimDent", Directorate of Regulatory Standards, U.S. Atomic Energy Coamission.
- 3. ANSI Nl76, "Design Basis for Protection of Nuclear Power Plants against Effects of Postulated Pipe Failures",
ANS-58.2, American Nuclear Society, *~Y 1975.