ML20245D095
| ML20245D095 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | FitzPatrick  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1988 |
| From: | Jinks S, Koeneke M EA ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, INC. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20245D091 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8906260391 | |
| Download: ML20245D095 (61) | |
Text
-
i New York Powor Authority y . ..
May 1989 James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant 1988 SPDES Annual Biological Monitoring Report i
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.JANRS A. FITZPATRICK NUCLEAR POWER STATION i 1988 SPDES ANNUAL BIOLOGICAL NONITORING REPORT Prepared.for
- New York Power Authority James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station Lake Road, P.O. Box 41
-Lycoming, New York 13093 Prepared by EA Science and Technology The Maple Building 3 Vashington Center Newburgh, New York 12550
.A Division of EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc.
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/ D&te StevenM.Jinks,Pp.,VicePresident
'l - bb- }c/wlp Sh M Date '
Mary Alice Koeneke, Project Manager EA Report 10401.04 May 1989 1
l-1
CONTENTS
?.*E' LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
- 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
- 2. METHODS AND MATERIALS 2-1 2.1 Schedule (Permit Section 11.B.1) 2-1 2.2 Sampling Procedure (Permit Section 11.B.2,3,4,5) 2-1 2.3 Laboratory Processing (Permit Section 11.F.4) 2-1 2.4 Water Quality Determinations (NYPA 1985) 2-4 2.5 Data Presentation (Permit Section 11.C.3.a) 2-4 2.6 Collection Efficiency (Permit Section 11.C.3.b) 2-5
- 3. RESULTS AND DIGCUSSION 3-1 3.1 Impingement Abundance and Composition (Permit Section 11.C.3) 3-1 3.2 Length Distribution (Permit Section 11.B.4) 3-6 3.3 Biomass (Permit Section 11.B.4) 3-16 3.4 Vater Quality (Permit Section 11.A) (NYPA 1985) 3-19 3.5 Historical Impingement Comparisons (Permit Section 11.C.3d) 3-19 REFERENCES l APPENDIX A: EXCEPTIONS TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES l APPENDIX B: STATION OPERATING CONDITIONS APPENDIX C: SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF ALL TAXA COLLECTED IN 1988 APPENDIX D JAMES A. FITZPATRICK TRAVELING SCREEN EFFICIENCY TEST RESULTS FOR ADULT ALEVIFE l
t LIST OF FIGURES Number Title 3-1 Total Monthly Impingement Estimates for James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station, 1976-1988 (all years combined).
3-2 Estimated Impingement (Based on Flow) for Select Species, 1976-1988 av' James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station.
s a 3-3 Relative Proportions of the Impingement Collections for Dominant Species - All Years Combined (1976-1988).
l
LIST OF TABLES Title Number 2-1 Number of Impingement Sampling Days per Month as Required by the SPDES Permit for the James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
2-2 Scheduled and Completed Impingement Samples by Date for the James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-1 Actual Monthly Impingement Collections, James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-2 Hean Daily Impingement Rate by Species at James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-3 Mean Daily Impingement Rate (Based on Flow) at the James A.
FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-4 Estimated Monthly Impingement Rate (Based on Daily Average Rate) at James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-5 Estimated Monthly Impingement Rate (Based on Flov) at James A.
FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-6 Length Distribution of Select Species Impinged at James A.
FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-7 Total Biomass of Impinged Organisms Collected at James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-8 Estimated Monthly Biomass (Based on Flow) of Collected Taxa at James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1988.
3-9 Estimated Monthly Impingement (Based on Flow) at the James A.
FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station During 1976-1988.
l
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
This report presents the results of impingement abundance studies conducted during 1988, as required by'the State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) Permit No. NY 002 0109, Section 11 (dated 1 November 1985) for the James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station.
Impingement abundance was monitored between 3 and 20 days per month, for a total of 77 samples in 1988.
Impingement sampling at JAF during 1988 resulted in the collection of 72,015 organisms. The collection was categorized into 39 fish species and 1 fish taxa identified to genus. Two invertebrate taxa (crayfish and clam) were also represented in the 1988 samples. Alevife was the most numerous species (60,863), comprising 85 percent of the total catch. Alevife, rainbov smelt, and sculpins accounted for 93 percent (67,247) of the sample collections.
- 1. INTRODUCTION The James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station (JAF) is located on the shore of Lake Ontario approximately 11 kilometers (7 mi) northeast of the City of Osvego, New York. JAF is an 821-MVe boiling vater reactor.
The water intake structure is located 274 m (900 ft) offshore in approximately 7.3 m (24 ft) of water; and the discharge, with a 236-m (774-ft) diffuser, is located 334 m (1,100 ft) offshore in approximately 9.1 m (30 ft) of water.
Bater entering the intake flows through trash racks, which are spaced approxi-mately 7.5 cm apart and used for zemoving large items, such as logs, and then through 9.$-mm mesh traveling screens, which are used for screening out smaller materials. Periodically, the traveling screens are rotated and vashed to remove any accumulation of impinged organisms or other material which empties into a sluiceway and then into an impingement collection basket. Impingement of aquatic organisms at JAF has been monitored yearly since 1975 in order to estimate species abundance and composition. The composition of the impingement collections has ranged from 26 to 54 fish species per year. Alevife and rainbov smelt generally have been the most abundant fishes in the impingement collections. Other fishes which have been found in relatively large numbers in the impingement collections includes white perch, gizzard shad, trout-perch, spottail shiner, and tessellated darter.
This report presents the results of impingement abundance studies conducted during 1988 as required by the SPDES Permit No. NY 002 0109, Section 11 (dated 1 November 1985) for JAF.
Impingement abundance was monitored between 3 and 20 days per month, for a total of 77 samples in 1988.
As required by correspondence from the New York Power Authority (NYPA) to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NYPA 1981, personal communication), all impinge-ment samples are checked for the presence of the Asiatic clam (Corbicula sp.).
No Corbicula sp. molluscs were found in the 1988 impingement collections.
l 1-1
- 2. METHODS AND MATERIALS 2.1 SCHEDULE (PERMIT SECTION 11.B.1)
In accordance with permit Section 11.B.1, impingement collections were scheduled for 78 days between 1 January and 31 December 1988 (Table 2-1).
Stratified random samples were collected over a 24-hour period. Sample dates were scheduled such that no more than 10 days occurred betweeu amples. Table 2-2 lists the scheduled sampling dates.
In 1988, 77 of the 78 scheduled samples were successfully completed. On 27 September 1988, an impingement sample was declared void (Appendix A). At that time, the plant was shut down for refueling and maintenance work which prevented the collection of the sample. The work was conducted through the remaining days of the months negating an opportunity to reschedule and collect the sample. On four other dates, samples were rescheduled due to mair.?elance work or weather problems (Appendix A). One other sample was successfully collected on a rescheduled date to accommodate an NRC drill which occurred on the originally scheduled day (Appendix A).
2.2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE (PERMIT SECTION 11.B.2,3,4,5)
All sampling procedures were accomplished according to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPS) (NYPA 1985). Samples were initiated around 1300 h>urs of the sampling day. Before sample callection, the traveling screens were rotated and vashed for 15 minutes, after thich the collection basket, with a 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) stretch mesh liner, was positioned at the end of the sluiceway. The collection basket remained in place for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />, unless high impingement or debris loads required that it be emptied, in which case it was removed, l emptied, and repositioned.
l A subsampling routine was utilized for occasions when high impingement rates or
) high debris loads were encountered. The subsampling technique was based on
( volume, and the total 24-hour catch was estimated using the formula:
Estimated No. of Fish - Volume of Total Sample x No. of Pish in Aliquot in Total Sample Volume of Subsample The volume of the total sample was determined by repeatedly filling a volume-trically graduated container, recording the values, and adding them. The total volume was thoroughly mixed by hand or with a shovel and spread out evenly over a flat surface. An aliquot (s) of the total sample was randomly selected and this portion of the sample was removed and measured to determine its volume.
During 1988, subsamples constituted at least 25 percent by volume of the total l sample. The fish in the subsample were then processed according tn regular laboratory procedures (Section 2.3).
Cooling water flow rates, intake and discharge temperatures, and power production were obtained for each sample date (Appendix B).
2.3 LABORATORY PROCESSING (PERMIT SECTION 11.B.4)
The impingement sample was returned to the laboratory where all organisms were sorted, identified, and enumerated. Identification was made to the lowest possible taxonomic level, which was usually species. A list of common na.nes and their associated scientific names is included in Appendix C.
j 2-1
TABLE 2-1 NUMBER OF IMPINGEMENT SAMPLING DAYS PER MONTH AS REQUIRED BY THE SPDES PERMIT FOR THE JAMES A. FITZPATRICK NUCLEAR POWER STATION DURING 1988 Month Number of Days (a)
January 4 February 4 March 4 April 16 May 20 June 4 July 4 August 6 September 4(b)
October 4 November 4 December 4 Total 78 (a) Days assigned within each month were selected randomly using random numbers tables (Rand Corporation 1955).
(b) Three of the four scheduled samples were successfully completed (Appendix A).
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A maximum of 25 individuals of the following fishes were weighed and measured white perch, alevife, rainbov smelt, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, and each species of salmonid. Other fishes vere enumerated and weighed to obtain a total count and total weight for each species or taxonomic level.
Total lengths were measured to the nearest millimeter (mm). In this report, 100 mm was used as a cutoff between young of the year and older fish based on s length at age information in Scott and Crossman (1973).
Veights were measured to the nearest: 0.1 gm for specimens less than 10 gm, 1.0 gm for specimens between 10 and 2,000 gm, and to the nearest 25 gm for specimens over 2,000 gm. Specimens with any unusual conditions, abnormalities, or presence of fish tags were noted on the data sheets.
2.4 VATER QUALITY DETERMINATIONS (NYPA 1985)
Intake and discharge temperatures were measured at the beginning and end of e;ch impingement sample. Intake temperature was measured in front of the trash bars. Discharge temperature was measured in the discharge canal. Intake and discharge temperatures (+0.5 C) vere determined frcm a bucket of water retrieved at each location using a thermometer. Thermometers were calibrated bimonthly according to the SOP. Intake and discharge temperatures were also ,
recorded from the plant operational log on sample days.
2.5 DATA PRESENTATION (PERMIT SECTION 11.C.3.a)
Data are presented according to the requirements set forth in the SPDES permits
- a. Monthly and annual total of impingement by species and grand total over all species.
- b. Monthly "mean" is equal to the total number of fish impinged by species on all sampling days in a given month divided by the total volume of water pumped on sampling days.
- c. Total estimated impingement for each month was calculated using the '
formula:
D- c (x) v vhere D - total estimated impingement c - the number of fish collected during the sampling period v - the volume of cooling water used during the sampling period x - the total monthly volume of cooling water used.
The annual impingement estimate was then calculated by adding the 12 monthly impingement estimates.
2-4 -
- d. Additional tables vere calculated for mean daily impingement rate (total number of fish impinged by species on all sampling days in a month divided by the total number of sampling days) and a monthly estimated impingement based on rate (mean daily impingement rate multiplied by the total number of days in a particular month) and are available for comparison of data presentation methods.
- e. Monthly and annual totals of biomass (grams) by species and grand totals over all species.
- f. Total estimated biomass (adjusted for flow) was calculated in the same manner as estimated impingement.
2.6 COLLECTION EFFICIENCY (PERMIT SECTION ll.C.3.b)
To assess the efficiency of the traveling screens in removing impinged organisms from the circulating water intake system, a collection efficiency study and was approved by the New York State Department of Environmental In Conservation (NYSDEC) (21 August 1986 letter from D. Dunning to E. Horn).
1988, the collection efficiency study for adult alevives was conducted and the results are discussed in Appendix D. The remaining collection efficiency studies will be conducted at JAF as the required numbers and species are acquired.
1 1
1 2-5
- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 IMPINGEMENT ABUNDANCE AND COMPOSITION (PERMIT SECTION 11.C.3)
Impingement sampling at JAF during 1988 resulted in the collection of 72,015 organisms composed of 39 species of fish (Table 3-1). Sculpins are identified to the genus Cottus and represent an additional taxon of fish. Two invertebrate taxa (crayfish and clam) were also identified in the impingement samples collected in 1988.
In general, impingement abundance at JAF increases in the spring, corresponding to the migrations of alevife and rainbow smelt inshore to spawn. Impingement numbers decrease through the summer as fish finish spawning and move offshore.
Impingement abundance increases sporadically in the late fall and vinter months in conjunction with influxes of young of the year (YOY) and specific meteorological conditions. In 1988, the largest impingement collections occurred in April (30,036) and May (34,231) (corresponding to the alevife and rainbov smelt migrations), and in January (1,963) and December (1,659)
(corresponding to influxes of fish [particularly YOY] during storm conditions).
Impingement abundance was reduced in September and October when JAF was shut down for a refueling and maintenance outage (28 August through 23 November) and the main circulating water pumps were shut down for extended periods.
Highest species diversity occurred in January (23 species), August (20 species), and December (19 species). The lowest diversity occurred in September (5 species) and October (7 species) when JAF was shut down for refueling and maintenance.
Alevife was the most numerous species, comprising 85 percent of the total annual catch, followed by rainbov smelt (8 percent). White perch, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, and four species of salmonids (lake trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, and chinook salmon) were collected in lov abundance in the impingement samples at JAF.
Rainbow smelt and rock bass were collected in every month during 1988.
No other species were collected in all 12 months of 1988; several were collected in 11 months (alevife, sculpin, spottail shiner, and white perch),
and several in 10 months (crayfish, smallmouth bass, and stonecat). Yellov l perch were collected in 9 months of 1988. The salmonid species were l distributed in the 1988 impingement collections as follows: brown trout
- 4 months, lake trout and rainbow trout - 3 months, and chinook salmon
-
- month.
Rainbow smelt dominated impingement samples in February (68 percent),
March (49 percent), November (55 percent), and December (67 percent).
Alevife dominated the impingement in April (91 percent), May (95 percent),
June, (81 percent), and July (68 percent). In August, sculpins (27 percent) and tessellated darters (21 percent) were most abundant and dominated the month's samples. The January 1988 impingement sample collections were not dominated by any one species; instead four species (rainbov smelt, crayfish, sculpins, and spottail shiners) comprised 77 percent of the impingement.
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As in previous years, high impingement at JAF during 1988 occurred when strong vinds from the vest or northwest resulted in heavy vave action. Lifton and Storr (1977) found statistically significant correlations between wave height, -
vater temperature, vind action, and impingement at power plants on Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Vave height was the most significant factor contributing to the correlation. They hypothesized that wave-induced turbulence and possibly turbidity interfere with a fish's normal ability to detect and avoid an intake structure, resulting in a higher rate of impingement. In January, 80 percent of the monthly impingement collection was collected in one 24-hour sample from 5 to 6 January 1988. On 5 January, when the sample was set, vinds were from the vest to northwest at 20-40 knots and waves were 2.0-3.0 m (7-11 ft). Vinds continued through 6 January at 15 knots with waves from 1.5 to 2.4 m (5-8 ft).
The sample collected comprised 95 percent of the sculpins and 98 percent of the crayfish collected for the month of January. It is probable that the rough conditions during the sample period churned the bottom causing sediments, debris, and benthic organisms (e.g., sculpins and crayfish) to mix in the water column, increasing the susceptibility of these organisms to impingement.
Increased impingement due to veather-related conditions also occurred in August and December 1988. Two samples collected in August (14-16 August) contained 84 percent of the month's total impingement collections and 80 percent of the smallmouth bass (YOY) impinged in August. Meteorological conditions through the period were vinds from the vest and northwest at 15-30 knots and waves ~~~~~~~
0.6-2.1 m (2-7 ft). Two samples collected in December 1986 (20-21 and 28-29 December) contained 82 percent of the monthly total for rainbow smelt (YOY). Conditions during both samples were vinds from the vest to northwest - -
at 15-25 knots and waves between 1.5 and 3.0 m (5-10 ft).
For comparison, impingement rates and abundance estimates were calculated using two differe'c methods. The mean daily impingement rate (Table 3-2) is defined as the average number of fish collected per sample day per month. The impinge-ment rate is defined as the total number of fish impinged by species on sampling days in the month divided by the total volume pumped on sampling days (Table 3-3).
The mean daily impingement rate (Table 3-2) peaked in January, April, May, and December with lesser peaks in June and November. Peaks in the daily impingement rate reflected seasonal peaks in impingement abundance shown in Table 3-1. The mean daily impingement rate of alevife was highest in April (1,702) and May (1,625) and corresponded with the period of peak impingement for the species as they migrate inshore to spawn. The mean daily impingement rate for rainbov smelt peaked in January (116), February (111), April (133),
November (115), and December (188), also corresponding to periods of peak abundance for the species. During January, February, November, and December, these peaks were due to the influx of YOY rainbow smelt and were reflective of meteorological conditions and the seasonal inshore-to-offshore movements of schools of young smelt. During April, the peak vas primarily due to the presence of adult smelt impinged as they migrated inshore to spawn.
The same patterns in seasonal impingement abundance and distribution vere observed when the rate of impingement was expressed as the number of fish per million cubic meters (MCM) (Table 3-3). The impingement rate based on flow was highest in January (380/MCM), April (963/MCM), May (876/MCM), and December (264/MCM). These peaks correspond to seasonal abundance trends and periodic 3-3
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meteorological influences on alevife and rainbov smelt as previously discussed.
The rates of impingement based on the volume of water pumped are generally lover than the daily impingement rates seen in Table 3-2. Exceptions occurrred in September and October 1988 when the number of fish per MCM is higher.
A refueling outage resulting in small amounts of voter passing through the intake was the primary influence during those montho. When outage conditions (e.g., a reduction in intake water volume) and movements of fish schools in the vicinity coincide, the density of fish per unit volume can be higher as occurred in September and October 1988.
Calculations of the estimated number of organisms impinged at JAF during 1988 vere based on the mean daily impingement rate (Table 3-4) and on the impingement rate based on flow volume (Table 3-5). Estimates are similar for both methods of data expression. Impingement estimates based on volume are higher than estimated based on the daily average rate for the months of September, October, and November. Differences may be attributed to the refueling and maintenance outage which occurred during these months. The reduced water volume increased the density of fish per unit volume (Table 3-3).
Estimates of total impingement based on the density per unit volume during the outage vould be higher than when the plant is under normal operating conditions.
The total estimated number of aquatic organisms impinged at JAF during 1988 based on volume was 167,069 organisms. The estimated annual impingement of alevife was 110,353; 66 percent of the total annual estimated impingement. The estimated annual impingement of rainbov smelt was 24,243, 15 percent of the annual total. The annual estimated impingement based on volume during 1988 for species of interest are as follows: white perch - 2,400, smallmouth bass -
2,200; yellow perch - 456; lake trout - 50; rainbow trout - 48; brown trout
- 28; and chinook salmon - 15.
3.2 LENGTH DISTRIBUTION (PERMIT 11.B.4)
Length frequency distributions are determined in Tables 3-6a through 3-6f for the following species: alevife, rainbov smelt, white perch, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, and the salmonid species (lake trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, and chinook salmon) collected in 1988. Alevife collections were predominated by adult /subadults from February through July. YOY comprised most of the alevife collected from August through November. Adults /subadults dominated the impingement again in December. Overall, the alevife measured from the 1988 impingement collections were dominated by adults /subadults (77 percent of those measured). The minimum length measured for alevife collected in 1988 was 4.5 cm; the maximum length was 21.7 cm.
Impingement collections of rainbow smelt vere dominated by adults /subadults (54 percent of those measured) in 1988. The adults and subadults dominated the impingement in February, March, April, and May, a time when'the adults are migrating inshore to spawn. YOY dominated the sample collections in January, August, November, and December. At times during the year, YOY rainbow smelt vere damaged to an extent that made it impossible to accurately obtain length measurements on individual fish (e.g., June and August). The minimum length measured for rainbow smelt collected in 1988 vas 3.1 cm; the maximum length measured was 20.7 cm.
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A total of 77 percent of the white perch measured vere YOY. YOY vhite perch dominated the impingement sample collections in January, February, November, and December. The minimum length measured for white perch in 1988 was 3.2 cm; the maximum length measured was 33.5 cm.
Yellow perch were collected primarily as adults and subadults in 1988. A total of nine YOY yellow perch vere collected in the impingement samples. The minimum length measured for yellow perch in 1988 was 3.5 cm; the maximum length measured vas 31.4 cm.
Smallmouth bass were collected as TOY (76 percent) and adults (24 percent).
They were generally collected as individuals or in small numbers. Two samples collected in August contained 80 percent of the total measured for the month.
Both samples vere collected during 14-16 August when the vinds were 15-30 knots and vaves were from 0.6 to 2.1 m (2-7 ft). It is probable that the YOY smallmouth bass were impinged in greater numbers for the period due to the influence of the weather.
The salmonid family was represented by lake trout, brown trout, rainbow trout, and chinook salmon at JAF in 1988. All brown trout collectsd vere adults ranging from 51.0 to 59.6 cm. One YOY (10.0 cm) rainbay trout was collected in December; the remaining two rainbow trout vere adults (43.3 cm and 57.0 cm).
The four lake trout collected vere all adults ranging in length from 65.0 cm to 73.0 cm. Two parr-marked chinook salmon (9.0 and 10.0 cm) vere collected in June 1988.
3.3 BIOMASS (PERMIT SECTION 11.B.4)
Total biomass collected in the 1988 impingement samples at JAF vas 1,485,769 l
grams (1,486 kilograms) (Table 3-7). Alevife (1,244,825 grams; 1,245 kilograms) comprised 84 percent of the total biomass for 1988. Rainbov smelt (38,371 grams, 3 percent), smallmouth bass (36,769 grams, 3 percent), and rock bass (29,909 grams, 2 percent) were second through fourth in rank, respectively, by veight. Combined with aleuffe, the four species comprised 91 percent of the biomass of impinged fish for 1988 at JAF. Biomass is generally more videly distributed among the species collected since a few heavy-bodied fish (basses, perches, salmonids) may weigh more than large numbers of the more fragile-bodied fishes (alevife, smelt, and sculpins).
The estimated biomass (calculated based on water volume in MCM) was 3,452,217 grams (3,452 kilograms) (Table 3-8) of which 65 percent (2,236,979 grams, 2,237 kilograms) was the estimated biomass of alevife. Smallmouth bass (237,415 grams; 237 kilograms), lake trout (142,598 grams; 143 kilograms), rock bass (122,827 grams; 123 kilograms), and rainbov smelt (119,529 grams; 120 kilograms) comprised an additional 18 percent of the total estimated biomass.
3.4 VATER QUALITY (PERMIT SECTION 11.A) (NYPA 1985)
Intake temperatures recorded from grab samples taken during impingement sampling at JAP ranged from a minimum of 1.0 C on 28 January 1988 to a maximum of 27 C on 14 August 1988. Discharge temperatures taken on sample days (when the plant was operating near capacity) ranged from a lov of 13 C on 28 January l
1988 to a high of 39.5 C on 15 August 1988.
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3.5 HISTGRICAL IMPINGEMENT COMPARISONS (PERMIT SECTION 11.C.3d) 1 l
Impinged fish have been collected annually at JAF since 1975. The peak of 1 impingement abundance (rigure 3-1) occurs in the spring (April and May) and to 1 a lesser degree in early summer (June and July) coinciding with the movement of fish to the shallev inshore areas to spawn. This seasonal movement la primarily determined by water temperature, therefore, the timing of migratory movements inshore (snd the associated increase in imping-sent abundance) may vary each year. Impingement usually decreases in the summer as adult fish move offshore after spawning. Impingement abundance then increases in the fall and vinter when young-of-the-year fish (particularly alevife and rainboy smelt) attain a size susceptible to impingement. Also associated with the increase in impingement of fish in the fall and vinter are specific meteorological coadi-tions to which young of the year seem particularly susceptible. Historically, at JAF, specific storm conditions i.e., strong vinds from the vest or northwest with a combined increase in vave action, have resulted in short-term increases in impingement abundance (EA 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988). Lifton and Storr (1977) found statistically significant correlations between environ-mental factors (vave height, water temperature, and vind action) and impinge-ment at power plants on Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Vave height was correlated at a higher level than either of the other factors. They hypothesized that wave-induced turbulence and possibly turbidity interfere with a fish's normal ability to detect and avoid an intake structure.
Meteorological conditions can be influential in causing species-specific fluctuations in population densities which can also be reflected in the impingement collections. It is well documented in the literature that alevife exhibit definite periodic fluctuations in population size (Scott and Crossman 1973; Christie 1974; Elrod et al. 1979, 1980; 0'Gorman and Schneider 1986; 0'Gorman et al. 1988, unpublished). Christie (1974) states that periodic massive die-offs of alevife in the spring might be coincidental with some combination of climatic conditions and the physical condition of the population. The alevife population in Lake Ontario declined due to a die-off during Vinter 1976-1977; a vinter of severe cold. Losses were estimated as high as 60-75 percent of the adult population, resulting in the complete elimination of the 1976 year class. In Table 3-9, the total estimated impingement of 1976 accounted for 51 percent of the total impingement from 1976 through 1988. The estimated alevife impinged in 1976 (3,877,550) accounted for 61 percent of the tota) estimated alevife impingement through 1988 (6,388,206).
Since 1976, Lake Onta:io vinters have been milder then normal and there have been no catastrophic die-offs recorded, although smaller dio-offs have brea noted, e.g., 1983 and 1986 (O'Gorman et al. 1968, unpublished).
The severe Winter of 7976-1977 also affected the rainbov smelt pcpolation, as is evident by the 1976 impingement estimates in comparison with the years following (1977-1983). Rainbow smelt have also dispinyed periodic fluctuations in populatian abundance in the Great Lakes. USPVS biologists have noted yearly fluctuations in rainbov smelt abundance with high recruitment occurring in the odd years (O'Gorman et al. 1988, unpublished). Currently, 93FVS biologists believe that cannibalism is responsible for the alternstir.g patterr (O'Gormen et al. 1989, unpublished). The historical impingement data (1976-1988) for rainbos smelt (Figure 3-2) does not exactly follow the cyclic population fluctuations seen by the USFWS primarily as a result of additional influences on the impingement process. Collections of young rainbow smelt are shown to be 3-19
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3-21
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susceptible to impingement in greater numbers during previously described meteorological conditions. These conditions could cause an increase in impingement abundance of young-of-the-year rainbov smelt at a time prior to their recruitment into the lake population, i.e., late summer and fall of the year spawned. The abundance of rainbow smelt in the impingement collections may then appear high at a time when the lakevide population is exhibiting a reduction in overall population size.
Most recently, the USFUS and the NYSDEC have determined that predators (i.e.,
salmonids) might be depressing alevife and rainbow smelt abundance. Evidence vas found in Spring 1988 when the previously strong 1986 year class of alevife was detected in low numbers (O'Gorman et al. 1989, unpublished). Their past data indicated a strong relation between yearling survival and adult numbers which did not hold true for 1988 travls but demonstrated a rurge upward in mortality for yearlings in 1987-1988. Mortality among older year classes did not accelerate in 1987-1988 so it was unlikely the mortality was due to a die-off. The USFVS and the NYSDEC agreed the most plausible explanation to date is that predators were feeding most heavily on the immature, juvenile fish due to their greater availability (they do not move inshore to spawn as adults do) and by their small size they vould be eaten by all sizes of predators.
USFWS also found evidence of predation pressure on the numbers of rainbow smelt collected in 1988. They believe the reduced number of alevife increased predation on rainbow smelt since alevife vould normally buffer rainbow smelt from predation (O'Gorman et al. 1989, unpublished).
The timing and duration of station outages for refueling and maintenance also influence impingement abundance and species composition. During extended maintenance and/or refueling outages, the operatten of the main circulating vater pumps is generally reduced to one or two of the three existing pumps.
The concurrent reduction in flow through the intake generally results in a I
reduction in impingement abundance and species diversity during the outage.
Years in which extended outages resulted in the reduction of fish impingement are visible on Figure 3-2. The timing of refuel outages during spring spawning I
l migrations of alevife and rainbow smelt occurred in 1979, 1980, 1984, and 1987.
Outages which occurred in the late summer and fall when young of the year are susceptible to impingement occurred in 1977, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1984, and 1988.
The influence of station outages should be considered when interpreting the historical impingement abundance estimates.
The estimated impingement of white perch, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, and salmonids (Figure 3-2), species of interest due to their significance as forage m sport f $ sin are shovn for 1976-1988. Fluctuadons in their abundances wpeat to be attributable primarily to untural fluctuations cf edividual l
pcpuls'tions and localized meteorological occurrences influencing the impingement process. Increases in smallmouth bass and white perch impingement abund uce src most often influenced ty short-term meteorological conditiens previously d w.rlbed. Lete fall and vinter stora.s often cause lerge numbers of In 1988, young ef the yer.r of both species to be collected in the impingement.
j thir was true of smallmouth bass; in 1983, it was true for white perch.
I i
3-23 l
The population of yellow perch in Lake Ontario has been declining since the late 1970s, due in part to poor reproductive success. USFWS biologists have found that in 11 years of assessment fishing, young of the year vere caught in large numbers only in 1978 and 1985; 1978 was the year with the highest abundance (O'Gorman 1989, unpublished). Ia Figure 3-2, yellow perch impinge-ment abundance estimates vare highest in 1978 also. A station outage in 1985 could have obscured any increase in yellow perch due to reduced impingement during the outage. O'Gorman (1989, unpublished) speculates that the yellow perch stock in northeastern Lake Ontario vill continue to decline primarily due to poor reproduction and recent heavy exploitation of older () age 3) fish in sport and commercial fisheries.
Salmonid impingement estimates (Figure 3-2) appear to be fairly steady with fluctuations primarily due to station outages when intake water volume and, therefore, impingement abundance are reduced (e.g., 1980, 1981, and 1985).
Natural biological factors such as population size, migration pstterns, schooling, and spawning behaviors, in conjunction with external environmental ,
factors such as water temperatures, currents, and localized meteorological conditions, can play an !.mportant role in seasonal variations in species occurrence or absence. Overall, alevife has been the most abundant species in the impingement collections (Figure 3-3). Alevife and rainbow smelt combined have accounted for 90 percent of all fish estimated impinged from 1976 to 1988.
Other species which have been dominant include threespine stickleback, white perch, spottail shiner, gizzard shad, darters, trout-perch, and sculpin. The species composition has ranged from 26 to 54 species per year in the impingement collections at JAF. Species composition has changed little during the 12 years impingement sample collections have been analyzed. .
It appears that changes in relative abundance of fish populations in the vicinity of JAF are the result of fluctuations in natural mortality and spavning success in the various species which compose the local fish community.
These naturally occurring fluctuations can be reflected in the impingement abundance. Most often the impingement abundance numbers are influenced by station operating conditions and short-term localized meteorological conditions. No long-term trends toward reductions in the fish populations due to impingement have been apparent.
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3-25
- 4. CONCLUSIONS Impingement of fish at JAF appears to have little effect on the fish community or their population's size in the vicinity of the power plant.
Species composition has shown little variation from year to year. Natural factors such as habitat availability, water temperature, and schooling and spawning behaviors play an important role in the seasonal variation of a species presence or absence. Fluctuations in fish abundance in the impingement reflects the biology of the species and their interactions with variable meteorological conditions and the operations schedule of the power plant.
No rare, endangered, or threatened fish species were collected during 1988.
No Corbicula sp. molluscs were found in the 1988 impingement collections.
4-1
REFERENCES Christie, W.J. 1974. Changes in the Fish Species Composition of the Great Lakes. J. Fish Res. Bd. Canada. 31(5):827-854. .
EA Science and Technology, a Division of EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc. (formerly Ecological Analysts, Inc.). 1982. 1981 Nine Mile Point Aquatic Ecology Studies. Prepared for Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation and Power Authority of the State of New York. ,
EA. 1983. Nine Mile Point 1982 Aquatic Ecology Studies. Prepared for Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation and Power Authority of the State of New York.
EA. 1984. Nine Nile Point Nuclear Nuclear Station 1983 SPDES Annual Biological Monitoring Report. SPDES Permit No. NY 0001015 Section IV.C.
EA. 1985. James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station 1984 SPDES Annual Biological Honitoring Report. SPDES Permit No. NY 0020109 Section 11.
EA. 1986. James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station 1985 SPDES Annual Biological Honitoring Report. SPDES Permit No. NY 0020109 Section 11.
EA. 1987. James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station 1986 SPDES Annual Biological Monitoring Report. SPDES Permit No. NY 0020109 Section 11.
EA. 1988. James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Station 1987 SPDES Annual Biological Monitoring Report. SPDES Permit No. NY 0020109 Section 11.
Elrod, J.H., R. O'Gorman, R. Bergstedt, and C.P. Schneider. 1979. Status of the Major Forage Fish Stocks, U.S. Vaters of Lake Ontario,1978. Report presented at the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Ontario Committee Meeting. 13-14 March.
Elrod, J.H., R. O'Gorman, R. Bergstedt, and C.P. Schneider. 1980. Status of the Major Forage Fish Stocks, U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario, 1979. Report presented at the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Lake Ontario Committee Heeting. 4-5 March. '.
Lifton, V.S. and J.F. Storr. 1977. The Effect of Environmental Variables on .
Fish Impingement, in Fourth National Vorkshop on Entrainment and Impingement i' (L.D. Jensen, ed.), pp. 299-311. i;. ,
, . ., o New York Power Authority (NYPA). 1981. Personal Communication. Letter to ;lq the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (JAFP-81-0533), dated 21 May. ,; . -
NYPA. 1985. James A. FitzPatrick Ecological Honitoring Program, Sample Collection Contractor St'andard Operating Precedures. August. ,4. ,
79
' v ]s 0'Gorman, R. 1989. Assessment of Juvenile Fishes in Northeastern Lake " / ;
Ontario, 1988. Presented at Great Lakes Fishery Commisrion Lake Ontario yf 5 Cowmittee Meeting, Grt.nd Island, New York. 20-21 March. Unpublished.
I
REFERENCES (Cont.)
0'Gorman, R. and C.P. Schneider. 1986. Dynamics of Alevives in Lake Ontario Following a Mass Hortality. Trans. of the Amer. Fish. Soc. Vol. 115.
pp. 1-14. January.
O'Gorman, R., C.P. Schneider, R.V. Owens, and T.H. Eckert. 1988. Status of Hajor Forage Fish Stocks in U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario. Precented at Great Lakes Fishery Commission Lake Ontario Committee Meeting, Ganinoque, Ontario.
8-9 March. Unpublished.
O'Gorman, R., C.P. Schneider, R.W. Owens, and T.H. Eckert. 1989. Status of Hajor Forage Fish Stocks in U.S. Vaters of Lake Ontario. Fresented at Great Lakes Fishery Commission Lake Ontario Committee Meeting, Grand Icland, New York. 20-21 March. Unpublished.
Scott, V.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fish. Res.
Bd. Canada, Ottava, Canada. 966 pp.
l l
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APPENDIX A EXCEPTIONS TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES J
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APPENDIX A EXCEPTIONS TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR IMPINGEMENT AT JAMES A. FITZPATRICK NUCLEAR POVER STATION DURING 1988 23 FEB Rescheduled Impingement Sample - The impingement sample scheduled for a set / collect from 22 to 23 February 1988 could not be set as scheduled due to maintenance work being conducted in the sample collection area. The sample was rescheduled and successfully collected on 24 February 1988.
04 APR Rescheduled Impingement Sample - The impingement sample scheduled for a set / collect from 3 April to 4 April 1988 could not be collected as scheduled due to maintenance on the traveling screens. The sample was rescheduled and successfully collected on 9 April 1988.
16 APR Void Impingement Sample - The impingement sample scheduled to be collected on 16 April 1988 was declared void when an unknown quantity of fish and debris was introduced into the sample while maintenance work was conducted on the traveling screens. The sample was rescheduled and collected on 20 April 1988.
07 MAY Rescheduled-Impingement Sample - The impingement sample scheduled for a set / collect from 6 May to 7 May 1988 could not be scheduled as planned due to maintenance work on the traveling screens. The se.mple was rescheduled and collected on 13 May 1988.
10 MAY Void Impingement Sample - The impingement sample scheduled to be collected on 10 May 1988 was declared void when an unknown quantity of fish and debris was introduced into the sample while maintenance work was conducted on the traveling screens. The sample was rescheduled and collected on 18 May 1988.
29 JUN Void Impingement Sample - The impingement sample scheduled for collection on 29 June 1988 could not be completed and was declared void. High debris loading during the night caused the plant operations crew to empty the collection basket and discard the sample. The sample was successfully recollected on 30 June 1988, 19 JUL Rescheduled Impingement Sample - The impingement sample scheduled for a set / collect from 19'to 20 July 1988 vas rescheduled due to an I
emergency preparedness drill at NMP-1 in which EA staff was to participate. The sample was rescheduled and successfully collected on 21 July 1988.
28 SEP Void Impingement Samp_1_e - The impingement sample scheduled for a l set /ccllect from 27 to 28 September 1988 could not be scheduled as planned due to maintene.nce work on the trave. ling screens. The plant I was offline for refueling and maintenance. The sample was not completed prior to the end of the month; the work conducted on the trrsveling ceceens was not completed.
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APPENDIX C i
SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF ALL TAIA COLLECTED IN 1988 l
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I _ - _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _
SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF ALL TAXA COLLECTED IN 1988 Scientific Name Alosa udoharen s Common Name nu tes r_upes,t t
Cam a rostrata _ a _ Alevife ar se Rock bass Catostomus n American eel Cehti liEhTdaecommersoni C ANa oregonus Crayfish family White sucker Etus spp.arredii Sunfish family
_ l Herring family CuTaaed So"f6sdm InconstansC6iIe~sTus SculpinsCisco/piumbeus lake herring Lake chub Ei6TT66h1us EiFiosto 6
Brook stickleback cizzard shad FdhTdlTs'ma olmstedi~diMii~
Casit'iii61iiteLus Northern pike i seuleatu Tessellated darter ITt'iliifu~iIcTalTiii"nibiLTiGlii~"~s sosteuspuncta_tus t Banded killifish Threespine om osseus Brown bullheadstickleback smacrochirus Ls Channel catfish Longnose gar ota ota Pumpkinseed Bluegill HTeio~ielus Mlicro o
usca terusdolomieui TaTidlTei Burbot Smallmouth bass R6?oIIER676Ei' i americana Largemouth bass Clam Note ~ir ot er 6HusR6Tdiiom Vhite perch White bass Ma macrole idotum s ather soleucas no es tr s cornutus Shorthead redhorse Golden shiner sucker rop h"iidTd6 Emerald shiner R6Iu_ru_s_'fT5 E
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tut ~Tdx Common shiner 66^ch"6EE smer hcEiIfgeha Spottail shiner FirEa' usmor ax _ Stonecat Tlavuscens Chinook salmon P 2etFeiT6 sTsvsc5m4 cus Rainbov smelt Yellow perch zon s muarinus Trout-perch mo ga catar
~~~~ Sea lamprey Eiri6 truttaedT'~ac tae Longnose dace Til~i1Td5Tnara~ rcush Rainbow trout Te~EdIIT6s~aTr Brown trout ITi6ia TTif~~omaculatus
~~~~~~"~"~ Lake trout Creek chub Central mudminnow C-1
SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF ALL TAXA COLLECTED IN 1988 Scientific Name Common Name Alosa pseudoharengus Alevife Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass Anguilla rostrata American eel Cambaridai Crayfish family Catostomus commersoni White sucker Centrarchidae Sunfish family Clupeidae Herring family Coregonus artedii Cisco/ lake herring Cottus spp. Sculpins Couesius plumbeus Lake chub Culaea inconstans Brook stickleback Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad Esox lucius Northern pike EtEeostoma olmstedi Tessellated darter Fundulus diaphanus Banded killifish Gasterosteus aculeatus .Threespine stickleback
.Ictalurus nebulosus Brown bullhead letalurus punctatus Channel catfish Lepisosteus osseus Longnose gar Lepomis gibbosua Pumpkinseed Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill Lota lota Burbot RIcFopterus dolomieui Smallmouth bass Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass Hollusca Clam l Morone americana White perch Morone chrysops White bass Moxostoma macrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse sucker l Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner l
Notropis atherinoides Emerald shiner Notryo is cornutus Common shiner NetropIs hudsonius ~~
Spottail shiner Moturus flavus Stonecat OnchEE5vischus tshayytscha Chinook salmon Osmeruo maria,n Kai abow smelt Firct flavescens Yellow perch Percopsis omiscemaycus Trout < perch Ferromyzon marinus Sea lamprey RhinichtEye cataractae Longnose dace Salmo gairdneri Rainbow trout falEo trutta Brown trout SalW lines nanaycush Lake trout Lemotilus a'tromaculatus Creek chub Umbra liEi Central mudminnev C-1
a APPENDIX D JAMES A. FITZPATRICK TRAVELING SCREEN EFFICIENCY TEST RESULTS FOR ADULT ALEVIFE k
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4
1 APPENDIX D-JAMES A. FITZPATRICK TRAVELING SCREEN EFFICIENCY TEST RESULTS FOR ADULT ALEVIFE OBJECTIVES . The primary objective of the collection efficiency test was to provide-an estimate of the collection efficiency of the traveling screen cperations at James A. FitzPatrick (JAF) for adult alevife.
-D.1 TEST PROCEDURES A total of 250 adult alevife vere collected from a single regular impingement sample. Each fish was weighed and measured, fin-clipped (complete dorsal clip), and dyed with rose bengal, a histological stain. Fish were kept on ice cnd refrigerated until'the time of release. The fish vere released in front of the traveling screens in approximately equal numbers at the beginning of a regular impingement sample collection period and at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours2.314815e-4 days <br />0.00556 hours <br />3.306878e-5 weeks <br />7.61e-6 months <br /> afte sample initiation. Intake water temperature, number of traveling screens, and cooling water pumps operating vere recorded at the beginning and cnd of the sample period. Recovered fish (including total impingement for the 24-hour test period) were removed from the collection basket and processed cccording to the' Standard Operating Procedures (SOPS), except that there was no subsampling. Length frequencies were determined at the completion of the cample for all recovered test fish and for the alevife in the regular impingement sample (to 25 individuals as per the SOP).
D.2' RESULTS
'During the sample test period, all three traveling screens were operational.
All circulating vatar pumps (three) and two service water pumps were operating.
The intake water temperature at the test initiation was 8.5 C; at test completion it was 9.0 C.
The efficiency of the traveling screens at JAF in removing adult alevives of the length frequencies tested was calculated to be 99 percent (247 of 250 released fish were returned). One fish was recovered damaged and was unmeasurable for. length frequency. The length-frequency distributions for the test fish (initial and recovered) and of the regular impingement sample clevives are shown in Table D-1. Discrepancies in length frequencies between the initial and recovered fish are likely due to damage to individuals during the impingement process; i.e., the tearing of caudal fin rays. Subjectivity of the measurement process was reduced by having the same individual measure fish at the beginning rnd end of the test peric3. The length frequencies of all cdult alevife test fish were comparable to alevife in the impingement sample collection. It appears that the traveling screens are efficient in the removal of alevife of the size ranges tested since the number returned in the 24-hour sample period was 99 percent. Additional testing of young-of-the-year alevife, cs well as other species and sizes of fish, vill co,.tinue as per the mandates set forth in the screen efficiency test plan approved by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 4 The total impingement for the test period (all species) is given in Table D-2.
No subsampling was conducted so all numbers reflect total impingement for the 24-hour test period.
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F 1 2 104 1 105 333 h F - 7 6 1 t
! 1 787 787 777 t
111 111 111 n 7 .
o J" 1 A' d O e C r S a 0 p G ) m C m 7 5 9 o
I e 1 0 105 0 106 107 c L8 t - 1 1 5 8 1 676 676 676 e C9 A1 s
r 6 111 111 111 b R e 1 t TY t o A e n ER m n a
E2 T
1 i
t n
0 c 2 - e 6 d tC1 C 1 7 106 7 106 106 n F1 - 4 4 8 a
- 1 565 - 565 565
_ E , 111 111 111 r FN s 5 . . a IO l 1 e WI a y ET v LA r e AT e '
h S t 0 t_
r n f I 5 609 o OE 5' h 1
0 1
207 2 1
206 3'
g O "L t 1 454 454 454
.n IC g 111 111 111
- TU n 4 eu UB e 1 l o by B L .
I E '
a RC re T1 ur 52 0 se 1 T aw SA 4 e
_ P 1 " 999 993 708 md
_ Y3 - L 1 2 ne
_ CT 1 .
333 333 343 ur
_ I 111 111 111 u
,s "E F 3
_ U 1 da 2 . ee gm EA
_ E a FS md
_ - E '
- an 3M
- d a TA 9
)
dd GJ N ) 1 ee
_ ET 0 ( rt LA 5 ec
_ 2 e ve
_ ( l ol 1
- p cl
- e ) m eo D s 6 a rc a 4 s E e 2 hh L l ( t ss B e n ii A s mm d mm e mm uu ff T uu e uu m ex
_ l mm r mm e mm a ii n e ii n g ii n ni
_ i nxa v nxa n nxa os
_ t i a e o i ae i i ae i MMM c MMM p MMM *
- n e m
_ I R I
- CtN
u,
/, ' '
H, TABLE D-2 1 TOTAL IMPINGEMENT'AT JAMES A. FITZPATRICK NUCIIAR. POWER STATION 11-12 MAY 1988
. .o Species Number-
' Alewife .1,244 (l',135 adults;,109'Y0Y) d Rainbow smelt. '28 (14 adults; 14 YOY)
~ Rock bass- '1' Cottus sp. - (non-ricei) 6 j Trout-perch' 17 l l
Threespine stickleback 3
~)
Tessellated darter 3' :
Spottail shiner 1 I i
White perch 1
.i e Stonecat 1 l
- )
Total 1,305 j i
NOTE: . Total sample volume of3 vater pumped during the period: 1,976,381.8 m a t
.. I l
r i
d 1
l~
i J Y D-3 m i L.__.o__..________..
_ u _ ')