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Preoperational Aquatic,Radiological & Terrestrial Monitoring Programs,Semiannual Repts Jan-June 1975.
	ML19329B961
Person / Time
Site:	Davis Besse
Issue date:	06/30/1975
From:	; TOLEDO EDISON CO.
To:	;
Shared Package
ML19329B957	List: ML19329B956; ML19329B961;
References
	NUDOCS 8002110744
	Download: ML19329B961 (329)
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{{#Wiki_filter:i 4 1 DAVIS- BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION UNIT NO.1 l PRE-OPERATIONAL L ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS - AQUATIC MONITORING PROGRAM RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM TERRESTRIAL MONITORING PROGRAM 1 l l i l SEMI- ANNUAL REPORT JANUARY I,1975 -JUNE 30,1975 VOLUME III a 3 3. m..,m . < ' , .

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l DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION UNIT NO.1 l PRE-OPERATIONAL l ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS :

i AQUATIC MONITORING PROGRAM RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM TERRESTRIAL MONITORING PROGRAM SEMI- ANNUAL REPORT JANUARY I,1975 -JUNE 30,1975 VOLUME E l

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                                               -                                  PRE-OPERATIONAL AQUATIC                                                                        '

ECOLOGY MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION, UNIT 1 PROGRESS REPORT JANUARY 1 - JUNE 30 1975 Prepared for Toledo Edison Company Toledo, Ohio i

Contract No. 1780 1 \ l l CENTER FOR LAKE ERIE AREA RESEARCH l THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COLUMBUS, OHIO

August 1975 4 ,

1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page O B J ECTIV ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-i PROC ED U R E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I Sampling Station Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I Pl ankto n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l P hytoplankton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I Zoopl ankton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ! B e ntho s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Fish.................................................... 4 G ill N et . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 l Shore Se i ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 i

                                               . Otte r Traw l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                           4        l Hoo p N et . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                        5        i FryNet.............................................                                                                       5 Wate r Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                              5 Field Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                      5 Laboratory Determinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                           5 R ES U LT S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                       8 Pl ankto n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                      8 P hyto pl ankto n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                         8 Z oo pl ankto n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                        8 Be ntho s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                       8 Fish....................................................                                                                         15 G i ll N e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                   15 S ho re Se i ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                        15 Otte r Trawl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                            15 Hoo p N e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                      15 FryNet.............................................                                                                      15 Food Hab its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                           15 Wate r Qual ity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                            31 D I SC U S S IO N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Pl ankto n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 P hytoplankte n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31                                 l Zoop l ankto n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37                              l B e ntho s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                     37        i Fish..................................................... 37                                                                               l Foo d Hab its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 l                                         Wate r Qual i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Seasonal Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 S tation Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Water Quality Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 LITERATUR E C ITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                   44 l

1

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11 APPENDICES A. Phytoplankton Populations at Locust Point, April - June 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 _ f B. Zooplankton Populations at Locust Points April - June 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 C. Benthos Populations at Locust Point, April - June 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s7 D. Stomach Analysis of Fish Collected at Locust Point, April - November 1974. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 E. Stomach Analysis of Fish Collected at Locust Point, April - Ju ne 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 F. Scientific and Common Names of Fish Species Common to Locust Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 LIST OF TABLES f Table 1. Aquatic Monitoring Program Sampling, Dates - 1974. . . . 3 , Table 2. Analytical Methods for Water Quality Determinations. . . . 7 Table 3. Monthly Mean Phytoplankton Populations at Locust Point, April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Table 4. Total Phytoplankton Populations Per Liter. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Table 5. Monthly Mean Zooplankton Populations at I Locust Point, April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 l l Table 6. Total Zooplankton Population Per Liter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 l l

Table 7. Monthly Mean Benthic Macroinvertebrate Populations l i at Locust Point, April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 I Table 8. Total Benthic Macroinvertebrate Population Per j Square Mete r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 14 Table 9. Analysis of Glli Net Catch at Locust, Point Station 8 - April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 m -r ~ +- -- - - - , - - , - , , - ~- "~~-'

-- a.. iii

Table 10. Analysis of Gill Net Catch at Locust Point Station 12 - April-June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Table 11. Analysis of Shore Seine Catch at Locust Point 17 April 1975. . . . ............................... 18 Table 12. Analysis of Shore Seine Catch at Locust Point, 22 May 1975. . . . .......................... 19 Table 13. Analysis of Shore Seine Catch at Locust Point, 17 June 1975..................................... 20 Table 14. Analysis of Trawl Catch at Locust Point, April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 21 Table 15. Analysis of Trawl Catch from the Intake Canat, at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. . . ..... 22 Table 16. Analysis of Hoop Net Catch in Northwest Marsh (Station 21), April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Table 17. Analysis of Hoop Net Catch in Southeast Marsh (Station 22), April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Table 18. Species Analysis of Ichthyoplankton Collected in the Vicinity of Locust Point, Lake Erie, Apr H - Ju ne 19 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Table 19. Total Ichthyoplankton Captured in the Vicinity of Locust Point, Lake Erie, April - June 1975. . . . . . . 27 Table 20. Summary of Food Habits of Fish Collected at Locust Point, April - November 1974. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Table 21. Summary or Food Habits of Fish Collected at Locust Point, April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 .

Table 22. Lake Erie Water Quality Analyses for April 1975............................................ 32 Table 23. Lake Erie Water Quality Analyses for ! May 1 9 7 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Table 24. Lake Erie Water Quality Analyses for June 1975....................................... 34

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iv . Table 25. Solar Radiation in Lake Erie at Locust Point for March - Ju ne 197 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Table 26. Current Measurements in Lake Erie at , Locust Point for June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Table 27. Mean Values and Ranges for Water Quality Parameters Tested - April - June 1975. . . . . . . . . . . 36 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location Map of Sampling Stations at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Figure 2. Bathymetric Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Figure 3. Trends in Mean Monthly Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Hydrogen Ions Measurements for Lake Erie at Locust Point foe the Period 1972 - 1975..................................... 40 Figure 4. Trends in Mean Monthly Transparency and Phosphorus Measurements for Lake Erie at Locust Point for the Period 1972 - 1975........................... 41 Figure 5. Trends in Mean Monthly Conductivity, Alkalinity

           ,                         and Turbidity Measurements for Lake Erie at Locust Point for the Period 1972 - 1975..........                                      42 I

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v , PROJECT STAFF _ Charles E. Herdendorf - Principal Investigator - Analysis of Physical Parameters Jeffrey M. Reutter - Co-principal Investigator - Analysis of Biological Parameters Harold N. Cones - Analysis of Benthos and 1974 Fish Food Habits Donald H. Davis - Head of Sampling Team and Ichthyoplankton Analysis William R. DeMott - Plankton Analysis Carolyn S. Jenkinson - Administrative Assistant Lynwood A. MacLean - 1975 Fish Food Habits Richard O. Moore, Jr. - Field Sampling , 2 Veronica M. Reutter - Clerical Aid , Marjorie A. Slagle - Secretarial Services Roger F. Thoma ~- Field Sampling and Ichthyoplankton Analysis Gerald L. Treon, Jr. - Field Sampling O s, O M

                                                                                                  ' ' ~ ' '

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain the existing character of the aquatic ecosystem at Locust Point, Lake Erie prior . to operation of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1. Included in the assessment are studies of existing plankton, benthos, and fish populations and water quality and recent trends in these parameters. The report contained herein is for the period January 1, 1975 to June 30, 1975. PROCEDURES . Sampling Station Location Twenty-five stations, 18 along 4 transects in the open lake, 2 stations in the intake canal, 2 stations in the marshes, and 3 stations along the shoreline, were designated as sampling stations (Fig. 1). Of the 4 transects, .one followed the intake conduit, one the discharge conduit, while control transects were set up on the east and west sides of the entire intake and discharge complex. Control west ran due north from the shore-end of the intake conduit with sampling stations located at 500 ft (Station 1), 1000 ft (Station 2), 2000 ft (Station 3), and 3000 ft (Station 4) from the shore line, sampling stations on the intake were located at 500 ft (Station 5), 1000 ft ; (Station 6), 2000 ft (Station 7), 3000 ft (Station 8, proposed intake), and 4000 ft (Station 9) frem shore. Along the discharge transect sampling stations were at distances of 500 ft (Station 10), 1000 ft (Station 11), 1500 ft (Station 12, proposed discharge), 2000 ft (Station 13), and 3000 ft (Station 14) from shore. Additional stations were placed 500 ft due ' north of Station 12 (Station 15) and 500 ft south of Station 12 (Station 16). Control east ran perpendicular to the shore me, parallel to the intake, and approximately 2500 ft east of the in-take. Stations were located 500 ft (Station 17) and 1000 ft (Station 18) from shore. Station 19 was located in the center of the intake canal, 1000 ft from* the lake shore. Station 20 was drained of all water in 1974 and sample,s are no longer being collected there. Stations 21 and 22 were located in the northwest and southeast marshes, respectively. Stations 23 - 25 were on the shoreline at the intersection of the intake conduit and 1500 ft to either side. Plankton i l Plankton was sampled monthly, April through June, from 11 ; stations, 10 in the open lake and 1 in the intake canal (Table 1). Duplicate vertical tows, bottom to surface, were taken at each of

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AQUATIC ECOLOGY MONITCRING PROGRAM i FIGURE 1

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LOCATION MAP OF SAMPLING STATIONS AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION t.ECEND . E1nSTINC 9'J1t. cmc & STATION AAT& pe0POstO WATER INTAKE AND Ot$CS917CE cO. Awetzt tu40:sg G ts" wetaat Csasuit a.m.iae,enoms intaat c*e twent exoss rt"oiscuamos concu , estadt Steustuet OfSCMARGE sepuCTuet 2,7, ',",','t ,' ' " ' "" ' *A/onitor ing Stations G sm.tc. vano

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 .                                   3 the 11 stations with a Wisconsin plankton net (12 cm mouth; no. 25, 0.064 mm mesh).        Each sample was concentrated to 50 ml and preserved in 5% formalin. The volume of each sample was computed by multiplying the length of the tow by the area of the net mouth. The works of Chengalath, Fornando, and George (1971),

Collins and Kalinsky (1972), Eddy and Hodson (1964), Ewers (1930), Jahoda (1948), Pennak (1953), Taft and Taft (1971), Torke (1974), and Ward and Whipple (1959) were used in plankton identification. TABLE 1 AQUATIC MONITORING PROGRAM SAMPLING DATES - 1974 Sample March April May June 22 29 16 PLANKTON 23 21 19 BENTHOS FISH Gill Net 17-18 22-23 16-17 17 22 17 Shore Seine . Otter Trawl 5,27 17 Lake 13 Intake Canal Hoop Net 17-18 22-23 16-17 Fry Net Lake 22 12,25 2,15,22 13 Intake Canal 22 29 16 WATER QUALITY 16 CURRENTS 24 19 SOLAR RADIATION Phytoplankton. Three 1-ml aliquots were withdrawn from each sample and placed in Sedgewick-Rafter counting cells. Whole counts of individual phytoplankters were made from 25 randon Whipple disk fields from each 1-ml aliquot in the Sedgewick-Rafter counting cell. When filamentous forms numbered 100 or more in 10 Whipple fields, they were not counted in the remaining 15 fields. Identification was generally to the genus level. Results were reported as number per liter. e

4 - Zooplankton. Again, three 1-ml aliquots were withdrawn from each sample and placed in Sedgewick-Rafter cells. The entire cell was scanned under a microscope at 60x while counting and identifying all zooplankters. Individuals were identified as far as possible (generally to the genus or species level) and reported as number per liter. Benthos

     .         Benthos was sampled monthly, April through June, from Stations 1 to 19 (Table 1). Three repitcate 2samples were taken at each station with a Ponar grab (A = 0.055 m ). Samples were sieved through a U.S. #40 sieve, preserved in 10% formalin and returned to the laboratory. Individuals were identified as far as possible (usuany to genus; to species where possible) and reported as numbers of individuals per square meter.       The works of Brinkhurst (1963),

(1964), (1965), Brinkhurst, Hamtiton, and Herrington (1968), Klemm (1972), Mason (1968), Pennak (1953), Stein (1962), Usinger (1956), Walter and Burch (1957), and Ward and Whipple (1959) were used for the benthos identification. Fish Fish were sampled by 5 methods, gill nets, shore seine, otter trawl, hoop nets, and fry net, April through June (Table 1). All fish captured were weighed, measured, and identified to species (Trautman, 1957). Giu nets. Two experimental gilt nets were set parallel to and near the end of the intake and discharge pipelines (Stations 8 and 12, respectively). Each net (125 ft x 6 ft) consisted of five 25 ft x 6 ft contiguous panels (1/2", 3/4", 1", 1 1/2", and 2" bar mesh). The nets were fished for approximately 24 hours monthly. Shore Seine. Shore setning was accomplished monthly with a 100 ft bag seine at Stations 23, 24, and 25. The seine was stretched perpendicular to the shoreline until the shore brail was at the water's 0 edge. The far brail was then dragged through a 93 arc back to shore. Two hauls were made at each station. Otter Trawl. Both a 16-ft and an 8-ft etter trawl were used to collect fish for estimates of relative abundarce and to obtain live fish for stomach analysis. The 16-ft trawl was used in the open lake. Four 5-minute tows between the intake (Sta. ion 8) and the discharge (Station 12) were completed monthly. A representative number of stomachs were taken from these for stomach analysis. Stomachs were preserved in 5 - 10% formalin. l [

i 5 l The 8-ft trawl was used within the ' intake canal. Two tows of the entire canal length were conducted quarterly. ( Hoop nets. Hoop nets (2.5 ft diameter, 1" bar mesh) were set , at Stations 21 and 22 in the northwest and southeast marshes. The nets were fished for approximately 24 hours monthly. These fish were

;             identified, weighed, measured and released.

Fry Net. A O.75-meter diameter oceanographic plankton net (no. 00, 0.75 mm mesh) was used to capture fry, larvae, and eggs (ichthyoplankton). Five-minute circular tows, surface and near bottom, around the intake (Station 8), discharge (Station 12), and Toussaint Reef were completed 6 times from April - June (Fig. 1 & 2). Additional tows, surface and bottom, were made within the intake canal in June. Ichthyoplankton was preserved in 5% fccmalin and analyzed under a dissecting microscope. Individuals were identified as far as possible (generally species) using the works of Fish (1932) and Norden (unpublished key to larval fishes). Water Quality Twenty water quality parameters were measured monthly during the ice-free period from January to June 1975, at three stations in Lake Erie (1, 8 and 13). These parameters and the analytical method employed are listed in Table 2. Field Measurements. Water quality measurements were made monthly in the field at Station 1, 8, and 13 (Figure 1). Temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity were measured from a small survey boat with submerged sensors and shipboard readout meters. Dissolved oxygen was determined with a YSI model 54 meter and conductivity with a Beckman RB3-3341 solubridge temperature-compensated meter; each meter was equipped with a thermistor for temperature readings. Sensor readings were taken at the surface and approximately 50 cm above the bottom. Transparency was determined with a 30 cm diameter Secchi disk towered on a marked line until it was no longer visible. Solar radiation was measured at Station 8 with a Lambda Instruments Corp. underwater quantum sensor, model LI-185, at the surface and at one-meter depth intervals. This meter measures quanta of sunlight in the photosynthetically active radiation spectrum between 400 and 700 nm. Current velocity and direction were measured at Stations 8 and 12 with a HydroProducts model 65-A meter and surface drift drogues. Laboratory Determinations. Surface and bottom (50 cm above) water samples were taken at Stations 1, 8, and 13 with a 3-liter

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41 35-FIGUR E 2 B ATH Y METRIC MAP DEPTH CONTOURS IN FEET BELOW LOW WATER D ATUM

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TABLE 2 ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER QUALITY DETERMINATIONS Parameter Units Analytical Method

1. Temperature OC Std. Methods, 13th Ed. , 162 (1971)

2. Dissolved oxygen ppm Std. Methods, 13th Ed., 218B (1971)

3. Conductivity umhos/cm (25 C) ASTM D1135-64 (1973) 4 Transparency meters Secchi disk (Welch, 1948)

5. Calcium (Ca) mg/l Std. Methods, 13th Ed. , 110C (1971)

6. Magnesium (Mg) mg/l Std. Methods, 13th Ed. , 1228 (1971)

7. Sodium (Na) mg/l ASTM D1428-64 (1973)

8. Chloride (C1) mg/l Std. Methods, 13th Ed. , 1128 (1971)

9. Nitrate (NO3) mg/l ASTM D992-71 (1973)

10. Sulfate (SO4 ) mg/l ASTM D516-68C (1973)

11. Phosphorus (Total as P) mg/l Std. Methods, 13th Ed. , 223F (1971) y

12. Silica (SiO2) mg/l ASTM D859-688 (1973)

                                    . 13. Alkalinity (Total as CACO 3) mg/l                  Std. Methods, 13th Ed. , 102 (1971)

14. Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l Std. Methods, 13th Ed. , 219 (1971) ,

15. Suspended solids mg/l Std. Methods, 13th Ed., 224C (1971)

16. Dissolved solids mg/l USEPA, Chem. Analysis, Water (1971)

17. Turbidity F.T.U. Std. Methods, 13th Ed. , 163A (1971)

18. Hydrogen-lon conc, pH units ASTM D1293-65 (1973)

19. Solar Radiation u einsteins m-2 sec-1 Lambda underwater quantum sensor, model LI-185

20. Currents cm/sec HydroProducts, A-65 current meter and drift drouges e

O

8 c Kammerer sampler at the same time that field measurements were being made. These samples were placed in polyethylene containers and taken to the laboratory for analysis; in most cases, analyses were completed within 24 hours of the sampling time. Fitteen water quality, parameters (Table 2) were determined in the laboratory using the procedures prescribed in " Standard Methods for the Examination of Water, 13th Edition" (American Public Health Association, 1971) and in " ASTM Standards, Part 23, Water" (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1973). RESULTS Plankton Phytoplankton. Phytoplankters collected April through June 1975 were divided into 43 taxa, generally to the genus level (Table 3). Twelve taxa were in the class Bacinariophyceae, 21 in the class Chlorophyceae, 1 in the class Chrysophyceae, 2 in the class Dino-- phyceae, 1 in the class Euglenophyceae, and 6 in the class Myxophyceae. The range of the total phytoplankton population per liter per station l was 22,272 - 233,105 in April, 12 - 325 in May and 9,575 - 77,018 in June (Table 4). The intake canal, Station 19, always had the lowest i populations. Additional data are contained in Appendix A. Zooplankton. Zooplankters collected April through June 1975 were divided into 39 taxa, 18 under Rotifera, 13 under Copepoda, 7 under Cladocera, and 1 under Protozoa (Table 5). Twenty-four taxa were identified to the species level, 7 to the genus level, 1 consisted of unidentified rotifers, and 7 contained immature copepods. The total zooplankton population per liter per station ranged from 87.1 - 223.6 in April, 502.0 - 2459.5 in May and 342.5 - 2412.7 in June (Table 6). Additional data are contained in Appendix B. ) Benthos Benthic macrotnvertebrates collected at Locust Point April through June 1975 were divided into 21 taxa (Table 7). 7he population was dominated by Oligochaetes. The total benthic macroinvertebrate population per square meter per station ranged from 6.4 - 2,215.6 , in April, 38.2 - 2,960.5 in May, and 216.5 - 3,030.5 in June (Table 8). Additional data are contained in Appendix C. I e

O '

             *                                            . TABLE 3 t

MONTHLY MEAN PHYTOPLANKTON POPUUTIONS AT LOCUST POINT I APRIL - JUNE 1975 i n Tama 22 Apret 1975 20 May 1975 16 June 1975 g Mean S.D. Mean S.O. Mean S.O. l tsACILLARIOPHY CEAE . (Otatoms) Astertonella sp. 10179 11G21 S 2 240!> 445 Centr tc diatom 51 40 1 1 102 95 Cymatopleura sp. 14 19 O O 6 9 Otatoma sp. 13332 10509 0 0 43 35 3 Fraattaria sp. 7C33 4442 9 5 744 196 Gyrossome so. 25 3d O O 2 4 f Metestra sp. 7222 5296 37 53 1253 250 Navtaatoid 395 252 1 1 237 296 Stephanootscus binderarner 43925 31053 5 5 427 352 Suetretta sp. 4 9 1 1 9 3

                      @J sp.                          1565     1139      0     0        47       36                                                        !

Tanettaria sp. 6093 3679 4 2 1400 715 SuDtotal 96783 65321 63 52 6573 2161 CHLOROPHYCEAE (Green Algae) . Actinastr'am sp. 5 12 O O 101 45 Ankistrodesmas sp. O O 22 24 i* 8 nuclearta sp. 14 19 1 1 297 150 Closterium sp. 38 47 1 1 33 29 i Coetastrum sp. 3 2 75 101 - Dicevosomanetum sp. 18 36 1 1 212 239 Otmoronococcur so. O O O O Eudortna sp. 35 29 O O 2 7 Micractinium sp. 5 10 0 0 158 144 i Mouceoria sp. 176 152 3 6 0?3 575 . ,

Oedogontum sp. 3 3 1537 1123 ,

60 39 i Oocystis sp. 1 1 , Pediastrum sp. 54 54 50 24 4232 235a l Scenedesmus sp. 34 40 4 4 25S 327 , I Schroederta sp. O O 31 40 .

Selenastrum so. O O 13 23 ; Sphaerocystis sp. O O O O .

Sotrooyra sp. O O 1 5 .

Staurastrum sp. 2 1 399 171 !' Westetta sp. 85 63 0 1 O O * ', Unidentitled 2 2 O O . 5 S 4 total 464 299 71 30 6347 5584 . CHRYSOPHYCEAE . (Browr1 Algae) Olnobryon sp. 107 50 0 0 0 0 DINOPHYCEAE (Dinoflagettatest) Ceratium herundinetta O O 28 29 Peridinium sp. 8 10 Suntotal O O 36 34 . EUGLENOPHYCEAE Euotena sp. O O 7 12 . MYXCPHYCEAE (Blue-green Algae) Anabaena sp. O O 36 23 Apharuzomenon sp. 1b 14 12183 10193 Chrnococcus sp. 8 13 O O 8 10 Meetsmopecta so. O O 7 11 Micrecystis so. 5 3 610 364 Osettiatoria sp. 206 124 0 0 11 25 Setotal 213 128 20 16 12S54 1C579 TOTAL 07567 66174 140 91 27817 18047 j S.D.

Standard Deviation. Cata presented as number /ttter, e

I 4 8 d .

10 s TABLE 4 . TOTAL PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS PER LITER 22 Acril 1975 29 May 1975 16 June 1975 Station Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. 1 78323 5093 138 15 41866 156 3 66189 2515 196 24 18380 1130 6 84222 3747 126 4 25362 4961 8 49687 1961 82 11 22427 684 9 72091 6255 116 7 18602 1406 10 233105 22794 240 40 77018 6559 12 200831 570 325 22 20028 1336 13 141458 7698 179 9 23356 36 14 51792 483 128 12 22752 1105 18 73268 598 161 7 25731 233 19 22272 8592 12 5 9575 208 TOTAL 97567 66174 146 91 27817 18047 S.D. = Standar-d Deviation 1 i I i

0 11 TABLE 5 MONTHLY MEAN ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - JUNE 1975 .

Tama 22 Aorit 1975 20 May 1975 16 Jurw 1975 vaan S.O. Mean -S.D. Mean S.O. . ROTIFERA Asplanchna petodenta 0.1 0.2 2.2 2.7 Branentonus anoutaris 18.7 60.8 5.8 7.7 16.7 7.9 L calyetttorus 7.2 6.2 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 L ha w naensis 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.4 L uccootaris 1.0 1.0 Conenitotoes so. 24.8 93.4 36.a 20.5 Fittnia teeminatts 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.9 1.4 Kellicottia tonot soina O.6 0.4 0.5 1.4 8.0 3.1

                 . Karatetta cocntear ts           2.1          2.2       89.8     57.7   89.1       aO.8 L quadrata                       3.9          2.5       14.3     15.1    16.3       5.1 Nothotca sp.                   31.6         10.7         0.1      0.2 Polya rt nra sp.               22.1         23.5       114.4     73.2   25.7       10.8 Pomenot yx suteata                                                       4.2       3.2 Synenasta sp.                  10.7         4.1         1.0      1.2     1.1       3.1 Tetenocerca trutticetnis                                 1.1      1.0     0.5       0.6 Tetenocerca sp.                                                           0.9        1.0
                                                                                                                       *     =*

Tetchotets tetractis 0.1 0.1 Unidentified rottfor 29.7 13.5 0.1 0.2 32.9 16.6 Setotal 112.8 42.7 258.1 83.5 234.2 72.1 COPEPCOA . Calanoid copepods Otapcomus sp. 0.7 0.6 6.5 6.5 2.0 1.4 Eurytemora affinis 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 t tmnocatanus reuerurus 0.0 0.0 ~ Immatures, catanoid 0.3 0.2 . . Immatures. Disotomus 2.1 2.8 1.9 1.7 Immatures, Eurvtemora 0.1 0.2 . . Nauptli, catanoid 15.9 5.8 24.7 12.0 9.5 7.9 Cyclopoid copepods Cwtops bleuspidatus 1.0 1.5 5.5 3.8 6.6 3.6 *

            ,           L vemal6s                    0.1         0.1        16.1     11.0   33.0       23.7 Mescevctops edan                                                      0.0       0.0           .

Immatures, cyclopoid 1.0 0.6 61.1 27.5 8.0 3.9 Neuplit, cyclopold 4.9 2.7 411.7 183.3 120.9 75.6 Neuptti, harpactacoid 0.4 0.3 S 4 total 24.3 4.8 533.3 219.0 181.7 111.1 CLADOCERA Bosmina tonmrostets 0.5 0.5 296.3 400.0 0.8 0.9 Chydorus snnerteus 0.3 0.6 5.1 3.4 0.5 0.7 Dap mia cateata 0.1 0.3 L paewla 0.0 0.0 - O retrocurva O.3 0.4 211.6 180.4 30.1 20.8 Edommtru corwnont 10.6 9.1 71.0 54 5 Leptodora ktnotii 2.0 1.7 0.5 0.4 Setotal 1.1 0.6 521.9 426.6 102.7 78.4 < PROTO MA Otfftuota sp. 12.6 12.4 39.5 21.5 843.4 379.7

            -            TOTAI.                   150.7         44.9       1357.3 589.4    1365.2 601.2 S.D. = Standard Deviatton.         Data presented as nurreer/1lter .

4 H p 0 t s

8 4 12 f TABLE 6 - TOTAL ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION PER LITER 22 April 1975 29 May 1975 16 June 1975 Station Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. 1 176.3 21.0 631.5 61.5 2412.7 332.3 3 113.7 18.9 1457.5 41.5 1209.9 81.7 6 136.8 6.5 928.5 203.5 1294.9 119.0 8 103.7 6.8 1400.0 64.0 1673.0 48.3 9 87.1 6.7 1772.0 66.0 1229.8 102.1 10 187.8 2.0 790.5 4.5 2342.4 203.1 12 208.0 4.5 2459.5 680.5 808.3 42.2 13 126.6 9.9 1633.5 1.5 1229.9 33.0 14 123.8 10.9 1801.0 62.0 1317.6 41.3 18 170.7 5.0 1554.5 84.5 1157.6 69.0 19 223.6 102.7 502.0 0.0 342.5 3.0 TOTAL 150.7 44.9 1357.3 589.4 1365.2 601.2 S.D. = Standard Deviation l

                                                                                                                                                     \
                                                                                                                                                     \

l 1 e

                           .,.     -                                                                                                                 i

13 , TABLE 7 MONTHLY MEAN BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS

    ,                                   AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - JUNE 1975 i                                             28 April 1975   21 May 1975    19 June 1975 Mean     S.D. Mean   S.D. Mean   S.D.

COELENTERATA Hydra sp. (single polyp) 5.4 21.9 1.4 2.7 Hydra sp. (budding polyp) 4.4 19.0 0.7 2.0 ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia complanata O.3 1.5 0.3 1.5 Helobdella stagnalis 1.3 3.4 0.7 2.0 1.3 3.4 Oligochaeta Immatures (no hair setae) 509.8 666.5 559.9 635.9 686.2 769.6 Immatures (hair setae) Branchyura sowerbyl 7.0 18.7 5.4 8.3 7.7 14.2 Limnodrilus cervix 7.4 22.2 8.1 9.0 19.4 37.0 y claparedeanus 0.3 1.5 0.3 1.5 15.1 35.0 h claparedeanus-cervix 1.7 3.6 4.7 7 .6 5.4 12.4 L. maumeensis 2.0 4.8 4.0 10.2 0.7 2.0 Potamothrix moldaviensis 10.7 13.8 13.1 22.5 13.1 16.0 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil O.3 1.5 85.6 79.0 431.9 402.8 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 2.7 4.4 41.6 56.0 9.4 17.7 Chironomidae Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 15.8 19.6 44.2 39.8 18.1 22.3 Cryptochironomus sp. 3.4 8.3 10.4 14.9 1.0 2.4 Procladius sp. 3.0 4.9 10.7 19.1 6.4 21.8 Procladius pupa 2.3 10.2 Tanytarsus sp. 1.7 3.6 0.3 1.5 31.0 40.1 Ephemeroptera Caents sp. , 2.0 6.0 11.4 23.8 0.7 2.0 MOLLUSCA Pelecypoda Amblema plicata 1.7 4.2 TOTAL 584.1 710.3 796.9 758.0 1222.6 720.5 S.D. = Standard Deviation i l~ 1 - .. . .

i 14 TABLE 8 . TOTAL B'ENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATION PER SQUARE METER 23 April 1975 21 May 1975 19 June 1975 Station Mean S.D. Mean l S.D. Mean S.O 1 6.4 11.0 38.2- 0.0 573.0 248.3 2 57.3 57.3 184.6 29.2 1356.1 1418.7 3 553.9 619.8 375.6 601.7 1693.5 496.0

            . 4         865.9      559.6  1426.1      1267.0  1859.1     898.8 5         133.7       33.1     159.2      94.2   216.5     173.3 6         579.4      606.8  1018.7       944.3  1747.7    2172.4 7         878.6      356.8    719.4      646.4  1069.S     763.0 8         343.8      368.9  1012.3       813.3   573.0     368.4 9         744.8      606.6  2960.5       600.~4 3030.5     852.5 10          63.7       48.1     140.1     177.5   388.4     573.7 11          50.9       11.0    362.9      175.1  1680.8     827.4 12       2177.4      1663.0   1050.5 1094.4      1362.5     335.4 13         165.5      140.8    901.1      558.7   923.2     447.7 14        1699.9     1874.6   1795.4      981.6  2317.5     809.1 15         222.8      108.6    273.8       77.2  1076.3     412.0 16          38.2       38.2    254.7      153.2   764.0     125.3 17           19.1       0.0    .101.9      94.2   744.9     686.3 18         280.1       61.4     640.8     174.7   464.8     337.6 19       2215.6      1582.8   1725.4 1653.7      1387.9     618.7 TOTAL      584.1      710.3    796.9      758.0  1222.6     720.5

. S.D. = Standard Deviation I

9 15 ?. - I:tsh The five fishing methods employed yielded 26,755 fish of 24 species during the period April through June 1975. Scientific and ~ common names of the fish are contained in Appendix F. Gill Net. Gill netting from April through June yielded 1,463 fish representing 17 species. The. catch at Station 8 (intake) totaled 786 fish of 11 species, while at Station 12 (discharge) 677 fish of 15 species were captured (Tables 9 and 10). Shore Seine. The yield from shere seines during the period April through June was 21,939 fish of 13 species. The monthly catches ranged from 44 - 20,497 fish (Tables 11 - 13). Of the 20,497 fish captured in June, 20,418 were Dorosoma cepedianum (gizzard shad) fry. Otter Trawl._ Trawling in the lake during the period April through June yielded 344 fish,of 12 species (Table 14). Scheduled trawling within the intake canal yielded 20 fish of 4 species on 13 June 1976 (Table 15). Hoop Net. Hoop nets set in the northwest marsh (Station 21) April through June yielded 16 fish of 4 species, 7 Blandings turtles, 5 painted turtles, and 2 snapping turtles (Table 16). Nets set in the southeast marsh (Station 22) during the same period caught 3 carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Table 17). Fry Net. A total of 2,966 fry of 8 species and 164 eggs were captured from April through June (Tables 18 and 19). On 13 June 251 fry and no eggs were collected from the intake canal. Of the 2,715 fry captured in the open lake, 94% or 2,552 were collected near the bottom, 99.6% or 2,704 were collected at Stations 8 and 12 at Davis-Besse, and 78'? (2,108) of those collected at Davis-Besse were yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Of the 164 eggs collected, 98% or 161 were collected at Toussaint Reef. s Food Habits During April through November 1974, the contents of stomachs representing 12 fish species were examined (Table 20). Food items were placed in 23 taxa. Additional data are contained in Appendix D. During April through June 1975, the contents of 48 stomachs representing 10 fish species were examined (Table 21). Food items were grouped into 21 taxa. Additional data are contained in Appendix E.

16 s TABLE 9 . ANALYSIS OF GILL NET CATCH AT LOCUST POINT STATION 8 - APRIL-JUNE 1975 Length (rrm) Weight (g) Date Taxa No. Mean Range Mean Total 17 Apen 1975 . Aplodinotus grunniens 1 320 415 415 Notroots hudsonius 3 114 111-120 16 48 Perca flavescens 4 199 180-233 112 448' Subtotal 8 22 May 1975 ' Alosa pseudoharengus 2 196 182-210 62 124 Aplodinotus grunniens 4 254 240-264 194 777 Catostomus c_. commersoni 2 333 330-335 503 1006 Cyprinus carpio 1 316 539 539 Morone chrysops 3 203 137-333 194 582 Notropis a. atherinoides 3 115 112-119 12 35 N. hudsonius 260 114 103-130 16 4171 Perca flavescens 243 170 90-247 58 13960 Subtotal 518 l 16 June 1975 I Alosa pseudoharengus 21 163 139-220 45 860 Carassius auratus 1 263 317 317 , Cyprinus caroto 11 275 226-345 320 3515 Dorosoma cepedianum 9 332 298-360 442 3976 Morone chrysops 11 136 128-146 35 383 Notropis a. atherinoides 3 105 12 36 Osmerus eoerlanus mordax 1 165 28 28 Perca flavescens 203 179 130-205 77 4595 Subtotal 260 Total 786 _ _ , . , y. , ,- . - - - - - -

17 TABLE 10 ANALYSIS OF GILL NET CATCH AT LOCUST POINT STATION 12 - APRIL-JUNE 1975 Length (mm) Weight (g) Date Taxa No, Mean Range Mean Total 17 April 1975 Alosa pseudoharenqu_s 10 174 162-180 37 374 Cyprinus carpio 1 292 426 426 Dorosoma cepedianum 1 114 16 16 Morone chrysops 1 310 432 432 Notropis hudsonius 63 111 100-145 16 989 Perca flavescens 10 185 169-202 79 788 Percopsis omiscomaycus 1 113 17 17 . Stizostedion v_. vitreum 1 225 106 106 Subtotal 88 22 May 1975 , Alosa pseudoharengus 44 173 152-190 39 1731 ! Aplodinotus grunniens 4 196 168-259 91 363 Catostomus c. commersoni

1 355 584 584 i Cyprinus carpio 4 294 236-339 396 1583 Dorosoma cepedianum 9 329 285-352 426 3838 i

               'Hybopsis storeriana            1      185                  70           70                   '

Ictalurus nebulosus 1 252 287 287 Morone chrysops 3 . 135 134-137 32 95 Notropis hudsonius 293 117 107-127 14 4030 Perca flavescens 109 154 82-227 56 6091 Stizostedion canadense 6 229 212-258 114 686 S. v. vitreum 2 221 208-233 98 195 Subtotal 477 16 June 1975 . Alosa pseudoharencus 24 159 137-198 43 1030 Aplodinotus crunniens 4 130 95-162 73 293 Cyprinus carpio 8 292 220-375 365 2921 Dorosoma cepedianum 4 336 320-372 425 1701 IctalunJs punctatus 7 359 267-412 466 3265 Morone chrysops 4 140 132-144 38 152 Notroots a. atherinoides 1 115 12 12 Perca flavescens 56 171 103-228 73 4109 Stizostedion v. vitreum 4 211 193-224 83 331 l Subtotal 112 l Total 677 e

18 TABLE 11 , ANALYSIS OF SHORE SEINE CATCH AT LOCUST POINT 17 APRIL 1975 Length (mm) Weight (g) Station Taxa No. Mean Range Mean Total 23 No fish in the first tow.

                     ' Hazardous weather con-ditions prevented comple-tion of the second tow.

24 Dorosoma cepedianum 2 324 311-337 439 877 Notropis a. atherinoides 273 53 44-65 1 295 Subtotal 275 25 Cyprinus carpio 1 535 2293 2293 Notropis a_. atherinoides 1122 53 39-66 1 1212 Subtotal 1123 Total 1398 I l i l l l 1 G G

                                                    - - -          ., ---,.-,7

A 19 TABLE 12 . ANALYSIS OF SHORE SEINE CATCH AT LOCUST POINT 22 MAY 1975 Length (mm) Weight (g) Station Taxa No. Mean Range Mean Total 23 Cyprinur 'c.arpio 1 640 4331 4331 Ictalurus nebulosus 2 212 200-224 130 260 Notropis a. atherinoides 13 55 50-72 1 16 N hudsonius 4 68 57-65 4 15 Subtotal 20 24 Aplodinotus grunniens 1 260 223 223 Cyprinus carpio 1 671 5436 5436 Dorosoma ceoedianum 3 314 290-334 294 883 Notropis a_. atherinoides 2 57 53-60 1 2 Subtotal 7 25 Cyprinus carpio 4 587 449-702 3178 12712 Dorosoma cepedianum 2 321 309-332 339 677 . Notropis a. atherinoides 9 50 48-55 1 9 N. hudsonius 1 81 6 6 Pomoxis nigromaculatus 1 135 38 38 Subtotal 17 Total 44 f e

20 m TABLE 13 , ANALYSIS OF SHORE SEINE CATCH AT LOCUST POINT 17 JUNE 1975 Length (mm) Weight (g) Station Taxa No. Mean Range Mean Total 23 Dorosoma cepedianum 6042 28 22-34 Morone chrysops 3 22 18-27 Notropis a. atherinoides 28 55 46-72 1 29

              & hudsonius                        3     64      24-109       5         14 Subtotal                      6076 24    Aplodinotus grunniens               1   115                  21         21 Catostomus 9 commersoni            4     19      17-22 Dorosoma cepedianum            14235     28      21-33 Morone chrysops                   64     17      13-22 Notropis a. atherinoides          41     55      19-115        1        33 E hudsontus                         6    17      15-20         17      104 Perca flavescens                    8    20      18-22 Pimephales p. promelas              1    38                      1       1 Pomoxis annularis                  3     20      19-21
              & nigromaculatus                    1    17 Subtotal                     14364                                                         )

25 Dorosoma ceoedianum 12 20 15-24 i Morone chrysops 6 19 9-24 l Notropis a. atherinoides 35 59 49-107 2 64

              & hudsonlus                         2    62      20-103                                      l N. v. volucellus                    2    41      36-45           1       2                   1 Subtotal                        57 Total                        20497 l

s 21 TABLE 14 ANALYSIS OF TRAWL CATCH AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - JUNE 1975 . !

                                                                                                            .i Length (mm)             Weight (g)

Date Taxa No. Mean Range Mean Total May 5, 1975 Apiodinotus grunniens 3 157 111-186 Notropis a. atherinoides 1 107 N. hudsonius 5 113 107-121 Osmervs eperlanus mordax . 1 140 Perca navescens 2 203 167-239 Percina caproces 1 62 Subtotal 13 May 27, 1975 Ictalurus punctatus 2 137 116-157 Notropis a,. atherinoides 4 87 31-114 N. hudsonius 1 101 E rca navescens 4 202 185-221 Subtotal 11 June 17, 1975 . Alosa pseudoharenqus 1 132 27 27 Aplodinotus grunniens 2 95 93-96 10 20 Cyprinus carpio 1 358 590 590 Ictalurus nebulosus 1 277 204 204 I. punctatus 1 148 34 34 Morone chryscos (Fry) 3 16 15-18 Notropis a,. atherinoides 26 103 84-115 10 '256 N. hudsonius 3 95 66-128 12 36 OAmerus eperlanus mordax (Fry) 4 , 25 20-29 Perca navescens (Fry) 269 22 - 16-28 P. navescens 6 164 105-201 61 299 Pomoxis annularis 1 141 38 38 L nigromaculatus (Fry) 2 17 16-18 Subtotal 320 1504 TOTAL 344 x 9

4

22 TABLE 15 ANALYSIS OF TRAWL CATCH FROM THE INTAKE CANAL AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION Lencth (mm) Weight (g) Date Taxa No. Mean Range Mean Total June 13, 1975 Lepomis gibbosus 2 107 103-110 35 ~ 69 Notropis hudsonius 1 86 7 7 Perca flavescens (adult) 5 120 110-125 25 123 11 29 20-35 L flavescens (YOY) 22 Pomoxis nigromaculatus 1 TOTAL 20 199 l 1 l l

                                                                     ..c ., _-.                 _, .. _           -

_y,

23 . TABLE 16 ANALYSIS OF HOOP NET CATCH IN NORTHWEST MARSH (STATION 21), APRIL - JUNE 1975 , Length (mm) ' Weight (g) Date Taxa No. Mean Range Mean Total April 17-18, 1975 Amia calva 2 526 505-546 1429 2858 Cyprinus carpio 1 295 362 362 Pomoxis nigromaculatus .4 230 210-259 193 771 Subtotal 7 3991 May 22-23, 1975 Cyprinus carcio 1 628 '2293 2293 Subtotal 1 2293 June 16-17, 1975 Amia calva 3 544 433-620 1576 4727 Carassius auratus 2 234 215-252 237 474 Cyprinus carcio 3 340 324-365 559 1677 Blanding's Turtle 7 1039 7274 Midlands Painted Turtle 7 328 2299 Snapping turtle 2 5818 11636 Subtotal 8 6878 TOTAL 16 13162 TABLE 17 ) ANALYSIS OF HOOP NET CATCH IN SOUTHEAST MARSH (STATION 22), ! APRIL - JUNE 1975 l Length (mm) i Weight (g) I Date Taxa No. Mean Range Mean ' Total l l April 17-18, 1975 ) No Fish 1 May 22-23, 1975 Cyprinus carpio 3 243 210-263 210 629 ) Subtotal 3 June 16-17, 1975 No Fish TOTAL 3 629 I

TABL 18 j SPECIES ANALYSIS' OF ICHTI-NOPLANKTON COLLECTED IN THE VICINITY OF LOCUST POINT, LAKE ERIE APRIL - JUNE 1975 Length

Individuals Captured Per ~5-minute Tow Date Taxa Range Sta. 8 (Intake) Sta. 12 (Discharge) Toussaint Reef Sta. 19 (Canal) (mm) Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom 22 April 1975 No larvae captured - - - 1 Emerald shiner 48-55 0 2 O O - (Notropis a. atherinoides) 12 May 1975 1 Emerald shiner 43-51 O O 2 0 , (Notropis a. atherinotdes) Yellow perch 6-7 O 226 0 872 - r (Perca flavescens) s

 - 25 May 1975 62          1        O         O        O          O      o     -        -

1 Emerald shiner (Notropis a_ atherinoides) ~ 6-12 0 515 99 376 0 8 - - Yellow perch (Perca navescens) O O O - White sucker 7 O 1 O - (Catostomus c. commersoni) 60 7 Fish eggs - 0 0 0 0 - - 2 June 1975 54-64 6 0 0 0 - - 1 Emerald shiner 1 1 (Notropis a. atherinoides) 8-13 0' 2 1 8 0 0 - - Yellow perch (Perca Ravescens) o e e

h

                                            '                                TABLE 16 CONT.

SPECIES ANALYSIS OF ICHTif(OPLANKTON COLLECTED IN THE VICINITY OF LOCUST POINT, LAKE ERIE ' APRIL - JUNE 1975 Length Individuals Captured Per 5-minute Tow Date Taxa Range Sta. 8 (Intake) Sta. 12 (Discharge) Toussaint Reer Sta. 19 (Canal) (mm) Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface ' Bottom 0 408 13 31 O O - - Gizzard shad 6-15 (Dorosoma cepedianum) 13 4 - -

                                                                      -          0        0           0      0 Fish eggs 13-16 June 1975                                                                          O       O      O            O 8            1       O           O       1 Emerald shiner (Notropis a. atherinoides)                                                         O        O      O           O Yellow perch                       12-15         2       0           2'      1 (Perca navescens)                             2       7          36     75-        0        0    37         27         g Gizzard shad                        4-27                                                                                  us
                          -         (Dorosoma cepedianum)                                                              O        O       1           O 18            O        O          O       O White bass (Morone chrysops)                                                                  O       O    32,      148 4-7          O        O          O       O White crappie

, (Pomoxis annularis) O O O 4 O O 2 4 Carp 4-7 (Cyprinus carpio) 0 0 0 0

                                                        +             5-6         O        O           4       0 Unknown                                                                       O        2      10       0            0
                                                                        --        O        O           O Fish eggs 22 June 19.5                                                                     O        2        0       -           -

7-12 O O O Emerald shiner (Notropis a. atherinoides) O 9 7-10 0 7 1 O - Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) G G8

l

TABLE 18 CONT. , SPECIES ANALYSIS OF ICHTHYOPLANKTON COLLECTED IN THE Vl91NITY OF LOCUST POINT, LAKE ERIE APRIL - JUNE 1975 Length Individuals Captured Per 5 -minute Tow ~ Date Tax & Range Sta. 8 (Intake) Sta. 12 (Discharge) Toussaint Reef Sta. 19 (Canal) (mm) Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Carp 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 (C9prinus carpio) -

                                            -         2        1          O       O        64          1    -           -

Fish eggs m I Adults , e e O

            -                                                                                     i                         .

e , 9 e o em 8 e

TABLE 19 TOTAL ICHTHYOPLANKTON CAPTURED IN THE VICINITY OF LOCUST POINT, LAKE ERIE i APRIL - JUNE 1975 I Station 8 Station 12 Toussaint Reef Station 19 Total Date Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom 22 April - Larvae O O O O - - - - 0 0 Eggs O O O O - - - - 0 0 12 May Larvae O 226 O 872 - - - - 0 1O98 Eggs O O O O - - - - 0 0 0 25 May Larvae O 516 99 376 0 8 - - 99 900 Eggs O O O O 60 7 -

                                                                                                 .-       60          7 2 June                                                                                                       -

Larvae 'O 410 14 39 O O - - 14 449 Eggs O O O O 13 4 - - 13 4 13-16 June Larvae 5 7 42 81 O O 72 179 119 267 Eggs O O O O 2 10 0 0 2 10 22 June ! Larvae O 7 1 9 2 1 - - 3 17 ) Eggs 2 1 O O 64 1 - - 66 2 i l

e I

TABLE 20

SUMMARY

OF FOOD HABITS OF FISH COLLECTED AT LOCUST POINT - APRIL - NOVEMBER 1974 Food items t

                                                                                                   =                                                                     t 2               I
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a 8 E fi E n a s E E ? i f 8 5 1 @ E i Month No. Captured gth (mm) Meny Range Z h 0 (f} $ dl j b d d h I U d O 6 h dl p" h 5 @a$ Species rood (D .C. LL Z id O April Aplc+.mtus grunntens 7 43 230 128-310 14 Ictaturus punctatus 4 50 170 78-334 25 25 Morone chrysops 1 0 303 - Notropis hudsonius 4 50 121 115-135 25 25 g Perca flavescens 7 0 155 99-194 (D Subtot al 23 30 t May Alosa pseudoharengus 2 50 1CS 100-175 5( 50 50 50 50 Aptodinotus grunntens 3 100 132 83-192 67 33 33 67 Ictaturus punctatus 3 103 103 91-111 67 67 3: 33 33 Morone chrysops 1 100 300 - 100 IOC Notropa e hudsonius 18 94 106 77-130 t 0 89 20 17 0 0 17 0 11 61 Subtotal 27 93 I June Notropis a. atherinoides 41 63 87 57-108 32 2 32 5 2 10 2 3t f Notropis bdsonius 5 80 104 76-127 20 6C Subtotal 46 65 J July Aplodinotus grunniens 1 100 120 - IOOtOO Ictaturus nebulosts 2 0 249 247-250 Ictaturus punctatus 5 100 125 97-145 20 8 80 6C 20 2C 2C 4C 6C 20 4C l i

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31 Water Quality - The results of the monthly water quality determinations at Stations 1, 8 and 13 are shown in Tables 22 - 24. Solar Radiation measurements for Station 8 are given in Table 25 and current measu're-ments for Stations 8 and 13 are listed in Table 26. The mean and ranges for water quality determinations for the ice-free period of the first half of 1975 are shown in Table 27.

DISCUSSION Plankton Phytoplankton. This was the second year in which phytoplankton has been analyzed quantitatively, and, therefore, the first time quanti-tative comparisons could be made. Populations from April 1975 appeared similar to populations from April 1974 in that both were dominated by diatoms. However, the 1975 population was more than 12 times as large as the 1974 population. Diatoms composed 997? of the 1975 population.

In May 1974 the population rose to 98,517 individuals / liter while in May 1975 the population fell to 146/ liter. Diatoms composed 99*/. of the May 1974 population. In June 1974 the population fell to 2,092/11ter. Pediastrum sp. I was the most abundant phytoplankter and Achanizomenon sp. (a summer species) did not appear until July. In June 1975 the population rose to 28,817/ liter,407? of which was Aphanizomenon sp. The mean water temperatures for April, May, and June 1974 were 8.7 0C, 14.6 0C, and 18.8 0C, respectively. In 1975 they were 7.2 0 C, 20.3 C and 21.2 0C, respectively. Therefore, it appears that the warm water temperatures of summer arrived approximately one month earlier in 1975 than in 1974 This caused a similar shift in phytoplankton populations so that May 1974 resembles April 1975 more than May 1975. This shows the magnitude of natural variation from year to year and the fallacy of attempting to predict annual phytoplankton populations from the results of one year. This type variation was first pointed out by Chandler and Weeks (1945) who showed the importance of climatic factors to phytoplankton production.

TABLE 22 - LAKE ERIE WATER QUALITY ANALYSES FOR APRIL 1975 Dates:

                                                                                                                                       - Field   4-22-75
                                                                                               -                                        Laboratory 4-23-75 Station No. 1                   Station No. 8       Station No.13      Range     Mean     Standard                .

Parameters Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Deviation Finld Measurements: 7.2 0.9 ;- Temperature (OC) 8.0 7.5 6.0 6.0 8.0 7.5 6.O-8.0 11.8 12.2 11.9 12.2 12.2 11.8-12.2 12.0 0.2 Diesolved Oxygen (ppm) 11.8 270 280 270 270 270-280 272 4 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 270 270 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3-0.5 0.4 0.1 Transparency (m) 1.8 4.3 3.1 1.8-4.3 3.1 1.3 Depth (m) {$ Laboratory Determinations: 32.8 33.6 33.6 32.8 33.6 33.6 32.8-33.6 33.3 - 0.41 Calcium (mg/l) 7.68 7.20 7.20 7.68 7.20 7.20 7.68-7.20 7.3t O.25 Magnesium (mg/l) 9.2 9.2 8.9 8.9 8.9-9.2 9.0 0.15 Sodium (mg/1) 8.9 8.9 Chloride (mg/l) 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 0.0 2.44 2.44 2.76 1.81 2.44 1.81-2.76 2.3E O.31 - Nitrate (mg/l) 2.44 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 0.00 Sulfate (mg/1) ,27.5 27.5 0.01 Phosphorus (mg/l) 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04-0.06 0.00 O.26 0.55 O.47 0.06 0.06 0.06-0.55 0.2t 0.20 . Silica (mg/l) 0.26. l 84 86 87 88 89 87 84-89 87 2.0 ; Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 4 4 2 3 3 3 2-4 3 1.0 B.O.D. (mg/l) 18 17 36 31 17-41 29 10 Suspended Sollds (mg/l) 41 31 Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 168 172 158 158 140 182 148-182 164 12.0* Turbidity (F.T.U .) 28 25 13 12 25 24 12-28 21 7.0 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.8-8.3 8.0 0.2 pH 8.1 8.3 7.8 279 293 287 276 279 276-293 282 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 282 I ; I l

.t

TABLE 23

                      .                                                                                                      I LAKE ERIE WATER QUALITY ANALYSES FOR MAY 1975                             Dates:

Field 5-29-75 Laboratory 6-30-75 Station No. 1 Station No. 8 Station No. 13 Range Mean Standard Parameters Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Deviation Finld Measurements: 20.0 21.0 20.0 20.0-21.0 20.3 0.4 Temperature (OC) 20.0 20.0 20.5 8.8 8.6 7.4 7.2 9.0 8.6 7.2-9.0, 8.3 0.8 l Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) Conductivity (umhos/cm) 320 320 300 300 310 315 300-320 311 9 , 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4-0.6 0.5 0.1 Transparency (m) 2.0 3.2 3.2 2.0-3.2 2.8 0.7. Dnpth (m) Laboratory Determinations: 46.0 44.4 38.0 38.0 38.8 38.8 38.0-48.0 40.7 3.6 Calcium (mg/l) Magnesium (mg/l) 6.5 7.4 9.1 9.4 9.8 10.3 6.5-16.3 8.8 1.5 Sodium (mg/1) 10.7 10.7 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1-10.7 10.3 ,0.3 Chloride (mg/l) 20.5 20.5 18.5 19.0 20.0 20.0 18.5-20.5 19.8 0.8 5.1 5.8 4.4 5.8 5.8 6.5 4.4-6.5 5.6 0.7 Nitrate (mg/l) 30.0 30.0 22.5 25.0 25.0 30.0 22.5-30.0 27.0 3.3 Sulfate (mg/l) Phosphorus (mg/l) 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03-0.07 0.00 0.01 0.23 'O.23 0.29 0.29 0.23-0.29 'O.2ti O.03 i Silica (mg/1) 0.25 0.27 Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 103 105 103 101 102 104 101-105 103 1 2 3 1-3 2 1, B .O . D . (mg/l) 3 3 ~ 1 1 Suspended Solids (mg/l) 41 SO 18 26 17 34 17-50 31 13.0 Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 236' 234 234 230 226 232 226-236 232 4 Turbidity (F.T.U .) 28 32 16 18 16 18 16-32 21 7 7.78 7.72 7.80 8.25 7.82 7.72-8.25 7.90 0.23 pH 8.20 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 327 330 315 313 318 327 313-327 322 7 j

TABLE 24-LAKE ERIE WATER QUALITY ANALYSES FOR JUNE 1974 Dates: Field 6-16-75 Laboratory 6-17-75 Parameters Station No. 1 Station No. 8 Station No. 13 Range Mean Standard Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Surface Bottom Deviation Fir.ld Measurements: Temperature ( C) 22.2 22.2 20.6 20.6 21.1 20.6 20.6-22.2 21.2 0.8 Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) 10.4 10.2 10.2 10.1 10.1-10.4 10.2 0.1 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 280 280 280 275 280 280 275-280 279 2 Transparency (m) 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4-0.6 0.5 0.1 Depth (m) 1.7 4.1 3.1 1.7-4.1 3.0 1.2 Laboratory Determinations: Calcium (mg/l) 37.2 37.2 36.0 36.8 36.4 36.0 36.0-37.2 36.6 0.5 Magnesium (mg/l) 7.0 7.4 7.7- 7.9 8.2 8.2 7.O-8.2 7.7 0.5 Sodium (mg/1) 8.9 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.0 8.O-8.9 8.4 0.3 Chloride (mg/l) 17.0 16.8 16.5 16.5 17.3 16.8 16.5-17.3 16.8 0.3 Nitrate (mg/l) 2.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.2-2.1 1.9 0.4 Sulfate (mg/l) 25.0 24.5 25.5 -25.0 26.0 26.0 24.5-26.0 25.3 0.6 Phosphorus (mg/l) 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01-0.02 0.01 0.01 , Silica (mg/l) 0.25 0.18 0.16 0.30 0.20 0.16 0.16-0.30 0.21 0.06 ' Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 93 94 92 91 95 95 91-95 93 2.0 8.O .D. (mg/l) 3 5 3 3 3 3 3-5 3 1.0 Suspended Solids (mg/l) 13 13 9 9 8 7 7-13 10 3.0 Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 166 186 164 162 156 166 156-186 167 10 Turbidity (F.T.U .) 16 25 18 20 10 7 7-25 16 7 pH 8.85 8.75 8.80 8.62 8.85 8.60 8.60-8.85 8.70 0.11 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 280 284 282 286 288 286 282-288 284 3 6

l r

   .                                                   35 TABLE 25 SOLAR RADIATION IN LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT

1 FOR MARCH - JUNE 1975 Date: 24 March 1975 (1337 - 1400 hrs)

Depth Quantum meter Turbidity Temperature

0.0 m 1950.0 u einsteins m-d sec

1. 0. 20.0 30 FTU 4.0 C 2.0 2.0 4.0 C 3.0 0.0 30 FTU 4.0 C Date: 19 June 1975 (1830 - 1900 hrs)

Depth Quantum meter Temperature

                                                                   ~I 0.0 m                          155.0 u einsteins m -2 sec 1.0                             27.0                                 ,

23.3 2.0 7.6 23.0 3.0 3.9 22.7 4.0 1.1 . 22.5 1 Quantum meter readings taken at Station No. 8, 3000 feet offshore at intake structure. - TABLE 26 . CURRENT MEASUREMENTS IN LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT FOR JUNE 1975 Date/ Time Station Velocity Direction No. (cm/sec) (compass0 ) 6-16-75/1123 8 11.2 344 , 6-16-75/1157 13 11.5 343 i , l * { l i ) l

36 TABLE 27 MEAN VALUES AND RANGES FOR WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

TESTED - APRIL - JUNE 1975 l

April - June 1975 Parameter Mean Range Units

1. Temperature 16.2 6.0-22.2 oC-

2. Dissolved oxygen 10.2 7.2-12.2 ppm

3. Conductivity 287 270-320 umhos/cm

4. Transparency 0.5 0.3-0.6 m

5. Calcium 36.9 32.8-46.0 mg/l

6. Magnesium 7.95 6.5-10.3 mg/l

7. Sodium 9.23 8.0-10.7 mg/l

8. Chloride 18.2 16.5-20.5 mg/l

9. Nitrate 3.3 1.2-6.5 mg/l

10. Sulfate 26.6 22.5-30.0 mg/l

11. Phosphorus 0.04 0.01-0.07 mg/l

12. Silica O.25 0.06-0.55 mg/l

13. Total alkalinity 94 84-105 mg/l

14. BOD 3 1-5 mg/l

15. Suspended Solids 23 7-50 mg/l 1,6. Dissolved Solids 188 148-236 mg/l

17. Turbidity 19 7-32 F.T.U.

18. Hydrogen-lons 8.23 7.72-8.85 pH

19. Solar Radiation (1m) 23.5 20.0-27.0 u einsteins/m2/sec

20. Currents (speed) 11.4 11.2-11.5

4 e 1 m h 9

4s6

                                                                                 .j l

1 37 Zooplankton. With the exception of May, phytoplankton populations were much higher in 1975 than 1974. Consequently, a larger food supply was available for the zooplankton which allowed larger zooplankton < populations. In general, zooplankton populations for April, May, and June were 2 - 3 times larger in 1975 than 1974. .The 1974 and 1975 populations in June would have been very similar had it not been for 1 the large Difflugia sp. population, 873.4/ liter, in 1975. l 1 Benthos l i Total benthos populations showed a steady increase from April through June. Values obtained in June 1974 and 1975 were similar. However, values obtained in April and May 1974 were ,approximately twice as large as populations obtained in 1975. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in the number of immature Oligochaetes (no hair setae) and midges, Chironomus (chironomus) sp. The popu-lations of most other taxa were relatively stable. This was a good example of natural variation since the populations of the less abundant species would be the first to be effected if an environmental change occurred. Fish At this time in 1974 2,941 fish had been captured by all methods l but fry netting. This year 23,789 fish have been captured by the four j methods other than fry netting. Were it not for the 20,418 gizzard j shad (Dorosoma ceoedianum) taken in June 1975 with the seine, the j two years would be very similar in numbers of fish collected. However, l at this time in 1974 the number of predators, specifically yellow perch I (Perca flavescens) was observed to have declined from previous years. l Populations in 1975 were high, again. Gill nets were the best indicators of this. During April, May and June 1974, 71 yellow perch were collected with gilt nets. With the same effort, 1,058 yellow perch were captured in 1975, a 15 fold increase. This magnitude of natural population variation will make determining the effects of plant operation extremely diff,1 cult. This year an effort was made to determine the size of the ichthyoplankton populations on the surrounding reefs in relation to that at Davis-Besse. Sampling was started one month earlier than in 1974 No ichthyoplankters were taken on the first sampling date, 22 April 1975. This indicates that in April Locust Point is not a spawning area or nursery ground or that spawning had not yet occurred. t In mid-May sizable numbers of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were captured at the bottom at Station 8 (intake) and Station 12

                                                                                        .__.y 38 (discharge). The small size of these fry (6 - 7 mm) indicated a
          . rstatively recent hatch. The numbers collected (up to 872/5-minute              ,

tow) were larger than last year but probably were due to natural variation in the yellow perch population which appears to have in- . creased some 15 fold in the vicinity since 1974. By late May, the compositica and numbers of the tchthyoplankton population were relatively the same. However, the size of some of the yellow perch larvae had almost doubic:d. Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) first appeared in the ichthyoplankton in early June. At this time few yellow perch were taken, indicating they were now large enough to avoid the net. However, their increased size made them susceptible to the trawl as 269 individuals (mean length 22 mm) were captured in June. Gizzard shad decreased in number through the remaining 2 sampling dates in June, indicating that they were getting larger and were now able to avoid the fry net. However, as they got larger they became susceptible to the shore seine as 20,418 were captured in mid-June. Sampling on Toussaint Reef was not initiated until late-May. Only 11 larvae were captured here during the 4 remaining sampling dates. However, 161 eggs were cc11ected on this reef while only 3 were collected at Davis-Besse. The eggs collected over the reef indicated that fish spawned there as first noted by The Ohio Division of Wildlife, but left soon after hatching, as indicated by the small numbers of larvae collected. The fact that few fish larvae were taken on the reef but many were collected at Davis-Besse indicates that after spawning on the reefs the larvae move to inshore waters. We still feel that yellow perch probably don't spawn in significant numbers at Locust Point, but the small size of the first larvae collected (6 - 7 mm) and the fact that they were near the bottorp gives rise to the possibility of some yellow perch spawning in the rip-rap aprons around the intake and discharge structures. An additional near-shore sampling station, away from these structures, will have to be established to test this hypothesis. Altho ;gh the number of yellow perch collected at Locust Point was sizeable, the total number of larvae collected was relatively small when compared to other collections by the Center for Lake Erie Area Research in Sandusky Bay where up to 13,000 individuals were collected per 5-minute tow (mainly gizzard shad). l

39 Food Habits The 1974 results showed that zooplankton in general and specifically the crustaceans were the most important food source at Locust Point. A closer look showed that Daphnia pulex was strongly ' selected for by many fish, but by the shiners Notropis a. atherinoides and Notropis hudsonius in particular. Although D_. pulex was only common in the plankton in May, 10,5/ liter, and in no other month was even as high as 0.5/11ter, it was a very common food item as long as it was present in the plankton, April through July. In April through June 1975 Dachnia pulex was not found in the plankton or as a food item. However, crustaceans were still the most common food item with Bosmina sp. , Oaohnia retrocurva, and Leptodora kindtil being the most common crustaceans. , Water Quality Seasonal Variations. The water quality in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during the period of April through June 1975 was typical for inshore western Lake Erie and showed normal seasonal trends. Water temperature rose 16cC during the 3-month period while the dissolved oxygen level fell 4 ppm (Fig. 3). The high turbulence and sediment load of the lake in early spring improved in June as indicated by an increase in transparency, a 3-fold decrease in suspended solids, a decrease in turbidity and an increase in the amount of solar radiation at 1-meter below the surface (Figs. 4 & 5). Biochemical oxygen demand, which is related to the suspended organic material in the water, also showed some improve-ment from April to May. However, the dissolved substances in the water were highest in the May samples; both conductivity and total dissolved solids showed a significant decrease between May and June. Specific tons such as calcium and chloride were also highest in May. The important nutrients, such as nitrate, phosphate and silica, for primary productivity by green algae and diatoms had a peak in the spring and decreased markedly during June. The alkalinity and pH of the water remained fairly constant throughout the period. Lake Erie is primarily a bicarbonate solution with a corresponding moderately alkaline pH of approxirrately 8. The bicarbonate in the water provides an abundant source of carbon for ; algae production. The pH showed a slight rise in June which may correspond with cn algae pulse. ; l I l .-.

FIGURE 3. TRENDS IN MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, AND HYDROGEN IONS MEASUREMENTS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT FOR THE PERIOD 1972 - 1975 - 30 -- 25 ..

Temperature ( C)

                              ,                                         /                                         .-

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                                                                                                                                          /
                                     ----No         Measurements                                                                        /
                                                                                                                                      /
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i . o i i i i i i J A SON D J FMAMJJ ASO N O J FMA MJJ A5ON D JFM AMJ 1972 1973 1974 1975

FIGURE 4. TRENDS IN MEAN MONTHLY TRANSPARENCY AND PHOSPHORUS MEASUREMENTS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT FOR THE PERIOD 1972 - 1975 e

1.50 s N) g - - No Measurements 1.00 --

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                                                                                                                                             \
                                                                                                                                              \

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                                                                                      \
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_.~, u,. .-- --.y ,.. 0 , , , , , , , , , , , ,,,,,,i,, , i i . ei J ASOND J FMAMJ JASOND J FMAMJ J ASON D J FMAMJ 1972 1975

1973 1974

FIGURE 5. TRENDS IN MEAN MONTHLY CONDUCTIVITY, ALKALINITY AND TURBIDITV MEASUREMENTS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT FOR THE PERIOD 500 .. f\ \ s - - - -No Measurements 400 -- N N N s s

                                                                                                \s             Conductivity (umhos/cm)
                                                                                             .       s           .

s -

\-

300 -- s s .

                                                                                                                                     /.            ,
                                                             .I                                                                               i\. /\    ~ ~ ' ' - l,       *A 200 --

em.o ' ' Amalintty (mg/1) . t oo -- .s s .

                                                                                                                                   , .     .-.-*~._..__._..__._,/N.

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N Turbidity (JTU) j N N ./'N//'\.' /

                                                                                                                                     .                .----s,
                                                                                                                                                      '   '  I  I   '    '  8 O

J A SO ND J FMA MJ JASO ND J FMAMJ J AS ON D J FM AMJ ' 1972 1973 1974 1975 ,.

43 Station Variation. Stations 1, 8 and 13 are located approxi-mately 500, 3,000 and 2,000 feet offshore respectively. Generally a slight temperature decrease was noted in an offshore direction in the spring. More noticeable decreases were found for such parameters as conductivity, most of the specific tons, alkalinity, B.O.D. , suspended and dissolved solids, and turbidity in the early part of the year. Conversely, transparency increases away from the shore. Although Station 8 (thes farthest offshore) had the best water quality, Station 13 (intermediate offshore) had the poorest quality for some parameters. This may be related to the condition of the lake bottom. Station 1 (nearshore) has a clean sand bottom whereas Station 13 has a mud bottom and is down current from the disturbed bottom along the intake pipeline. The differential in water quality values was greatest in the spring which may have been related to rough weather. Differences between the . surface and bottom water quality were slight because of the shallowness of this portion of Lake Erie. Some depression in the level of dissolved oxygen and small increases in the concentrations of dissolved and suspended solids were noted near the bottom. Water Quality Trends. The Ohio State University, Center for Lake Erie Area Research initiated water quality studies at Locust Point in July 1972. Trends for eight water quality parameters from that date through June 1975 are shown on Figures 3 - 5. Temperature and dissolved oxygen show typical seasonal trends for each year with only minor variations from one year to the next. Dissolved oxygen appears to have undergone more depletion in 1974 than the two previous years. Hydrogen-ion concentration and alkalinity rcmained fairly stable over the threevear period. Transparency, turbidity, phosphorus and conductivity values have shown radical variations which are probably due to storms and dredging activities that have disturbed the bottom sediments. In general, no significant deviations frc,m the normal quality of the water in this part of western Lake Erie fave been observed in the past three years. t l l I

44 LITERATURE CITED American Public Health Association. 1971. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 13th ed. APHA, New York. 847 p. American Society for Testing and Materials. 1973. Annual book of ASTM standards, part 23, water; atmospheric analysis. ASTtvi; Philadelphia. 1108 p. Brinkhurst, R. O. 1963. Taxonomical studies on the Tubificidae (annelida, Oligochaeta) g R. .Woltereck, ed., Internationale review der gesamten hydrobiologie. Systematische bethefte

2. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 1-89.

Brinkhurst, R.O. 1964. Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta I: Naididae and Opistocystidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci . , Phila. 116:195-230. Brinkhurst, R.O. 1965. Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta II: Tubificidae . Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. , Phila. 117:117-172. Brinkhurst, R. O . , A. L. Hamilton, and H. B. Herrington. 1968. Components of the bottom fauna of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. Univ. Toronto, Gt. Lakes Inst. PR 33. 49 p. Chandler, D., C. , and O . _EL_Nyeeks.. 194i ,, Lir'nnological' studies of western Lake Erie V: relation of limnological and meteorological conditions to the production, of phytoplankton in_,1_942,.. Ecol _. Monogr. 15:435-456. Chengalath, R. , C. H. Fernando, and M. G. George. 1971. The planktonic Rotifera of Ontario with keys to genera and species. Univ. Waterloo Biology Series, No. 2. 40 p. . Collins, G . B . , and R. O. Kalinsky, 1972. The diatoms of the Scioto River basin. The Ohio State Univ. Botany Dept. , unnumbered mimeo. Eddy, S. , and A. C. Hodson. 1964 Taxonomic keys to the common animals of the north central states. Burgess Publishing Company, Minnesota. 162 p.

   ,    Ewers, L. A.       1930. The larval development of fresh-water copepoda.

Contrib . No. 3, The Franz Theodore Stone Lab. 43 p. Fish, M. P. 1932. Contributions to the early life histories of 62 species of fishes from Lake Erie and its tributary wuers. Bur. Fish. Bull. XLVII(10):293-398. l

45 - Jahoda, W. J. 1948. Seasonal differe6ces of Diaptomus (Cope- l l poda) in western Lake Erie. Ph.D. Thesis, Ohio State Univ. 100 p. Klemm, D. J. 1972. Biota of freshwater ecosystems identification ' manual No. 8. Freshwater leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) of North America. U. S., E. P. A. 53 p. Mason, W. T. 1968. An introduction to the identification of chironomid larvae. Fed. Water Poll. Conte. Admin. 89 p. Norden, C. R. unpublished. A key to larval fishes from Lake Erie. Univ. Southwestern Louisiana. Lafayette, Louisiana.. 4 p. Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States. The Ronald Press Company, New York. 769 p. Stein, C. B. 1962. Key to the fresh-water mussels (Family Unionidae) of western Lake Erie. Ohio State Univ. Museum of Zool. Mimeo. 7 p. Taft, C. E. , and C. W. Taft. 1971. The algae of western Lake Erie. Bull. of Ohio Biol. Survey, New Series 4(1):1-185. To rke , B . G . 1974 An illustrated guide to the identification of the planktonic crustacea of Lake Michigan with notes on their ecology. Center for Great Lakes Studies, The Univ. Wisconsin-Milwaukee,

 .        Special Report No. 17. 42 p.

Trautman, M. B. 1957. The fishes of Ohio. Ohio State Univ. Press, Columbus. 683 p. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1971. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio. 125 p. Usinger, R. L. 1956. Aquatic insects of California. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 508 p. Walter, H . J. , and J. B . Burch. 1957. Key to the genera of fresh-water gastrepods (snails and limpets) occurring in Michigan. Univ. Mich. Museum of Zool. , Circ. No. 3. 8 p. Ward, H. B. , and G. C. Whipple. 1959. Fresh-water biology. l 2nd ed. , W. T. Edmondson, ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. I 1248 p. l

46 Welch, P. S. 1948. Limnological methods. McGr aw-Hill, New Yor k. 381 p. em

l 1 I e it - e l l l 9 l

ee ew

Q O S

4 e 47 4 o h e w APPENDIX A PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - JUNE 1975 f 6 4 h e e

48 TABLE A-1 ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT APRIL 22, 1975 - Station 1 Station 3 i Station 6 l Station 8 TMA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. BACILLARIO PHYCEAE (Diatoms) Asterionella sp. 11043 473 6890 285 12391 148 8893 745 Centric Diatoms 128 10 47 47 Cymatopleura sp. 36 36 Diatoma sp. 7747 1986 8787 649 11971 201 7450 466 Fragilaria sp. 6792 991 4630 148 7418 199 6100 47 Gyrosigma sp. 98 98 89 30 Melostra sp. 3269 1173 4669 423 7251 251 3306 93 Naviculoid 811 25 610 78 260 48 233 47 Stephanodiscus sp. 42511 5915 35226 376 36267 2728 18135 1513 Suricella sp. 19 19 24 24 Synedra sp. 1136 5 1042 216 1285 131 1234 163 Tabellaria sp. 4074 682 3588 167 6447 985 3841 23 Subtotal 77481 4801 65678 2400 83326 3934 49263 1958 CHLOROPHYCEAE (Green Algae) Actinastrum sp. 19 19 Binuclearia sp. 20 20 30 30 24 24 Closterium sp. 44 5 138 20 24 24 Dictyosphaerium sp. Eudorina sp. 74 74 10 10 39 39 Micractinium sp. 25 25 24 24 Mougeotia sp. 162 83 138 20 222 10 47 O Pediastrum sp. 49 49 24 24 Scenedesmus sp. 79 79 30 30 110 33 Westella sp. 158 39 48 48 36 36 24 24 Subtotal 611 179 413 86 407 18 167 26 CHRYSOPHYCEAE Dinobryon sp. 93 54 30 30 113 42 94 47 MYXOPHYCEAE (Blue-green algae) Chroococcus sp. 36 36 Oscillatoria sp. 138 59 59 0 340 198 163 23 Subtotal 138 59 59 0 376 163 163 23 TOTAL 78323 5093 66189 2515 84222 3747 49687 1961 S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter.

49 TABLE A-1 CONT. ) ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT *

APRIL 22, 1975 Station 9 Station 10 Station 12 Station 13 TMA Mean S.D. Mean l S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.

BACILLARIO PHYCEAE (Otatoms) 884 34501 2654 26180 3799 Asterionella sp. 16385 572 38335 66 37 118 118 89 89 87 44 Centric Diatoms 44 44 8 8 44 44 Cymatopleura sp. 9694 1290 37450 2359 29967 774 14894 3017 Diatoma sp. 12091 664 15481 1032 12607 663 11877 137 Fragilaria sp. 44 44 Gyrosigma sp. Melostra sp. 5769 387 19168 1474 13601 553 11303 1037 22 7 590 0 354 177 633 152 Naviculoid Stephanodiscus sp. 18688 2543 104093 15334 92667 663 66977 4943 Surirella sp. 1290 258 2359 944 4645 664 1474 230 Synedra sp. Tabellaria sp. 7796 1272 13859 2359 11179 542 7071 1064 Subtotal 71809 6463 231453 22440 199698 733 140540 7654 CHLOROPHYCEAE , (Green Algae) Actinastrum sp. Binuclearia sp. 59 59 22 22 Closterium sp. 8 8 118 0 44 44 59 59 22 22 Dictyosphaerium sp. Eudorina sp. 59 59 44 44 33 33 Micractinium sp. 37 37 590 236 220 132 208 10 Mougeotia sp. 22 7 118 0 162 103 44 44 Pediastrum sp. Scenedesmus sp. 8 8 88 O Westella sp. 37 22 177 59 44 44 174 87 112 52 1180 354 602 191 503 23 Subtotal CHRYSOPHYCEAE Dinobryon sp. 126 67 177 59 177 177 142 98 MYXOPHYCEAE (Blue-green algae) 22 22 Chroccoccus sp. 44 30 295 118 354 177 251 55 Oscillatoria sp. - 30 295 118 354 177 273 79 l Subtotal 44 72091 6255 233105 22794 200831 570 141458 7698 TOTAL S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter.

O SO TABLE A-1 CONT. ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT - APRIL 22, 1975

Station 14 Station 18 Station 19 Mean/ S.D. TMA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Station Mean S.D. BACILLARIOPHYCEAE (Diatoms) Asterioneua sp. 8695 354 11279 1327 3381 1140 16179 11621 Centric Diatoms 25 25 51 49 Cymatopleura sp. 25 25 14 19 Diatoma sp. 7633 657 8736 111 2870 1416 13382 10609 Fragilaria sp. 4449 455 4792 72 1022 629 7933 4442 Gyrosigma sp. 39 0 25 38 Melosira sp. 3640 405 5087 885 2378 845 7222 5296 Naviculoid 303 50 479 184 385 262 Stephanodiscus sp. 21863 379 36528 479 10221 3892 43925 31053 Surirella sp. 4 9 Synedra sp. 1087 127 1475 148 197 118 1566 1138 Tabellaria sp. 3387 51 3870 553 1906 570 6093 3679 Subtotal 51107 456 72246 588 22014 8531 96783 65821 CHLOROPHYCEAE (Green Algae) Actinastrum sp. 37 37 5 12 Binuclearia sp. 14 19 Closterium sp. 25 0 20 20 38 47 Dictyoschaerium sp. 111 37 18 36 Eudorina sp. 51 0 74 0 35 29 Micractinium sp. 5 10 Mougeotia sp. 102 51 111 37 99 99 176 152 Pediastrum sp. 102 0 74 0 54 54 Scenedesmus sp. 25 25 37 37 34 40 Westella sp. 51 0 147 O 40 40 85 63

   ' Subtotal               356         1       591      72      159     41    464     299 CHRYSOPHYCEAE Dinobryon sp.            127       25         62      13      40     40     107       50 MYXOPHYCEAE (Blue-green algae)

Chroccoccus sp. 25 25 8 13 Oscillatoria sp. 177 25 369 74 59 20 205 124 Subtotal 202 51 369 74 59 20 213 128 TOTAL 51792 483 73268 598 22272 8592 97567 66174 S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter.

51 TABLE A-2 ANALYSIS 01: PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT. LOCUST POINT

MAY 29, 1975

g. Station 14 Station 1's l Station 19 Mean/ S.D.

Mean S.D. Mean - S.D. Mean S.D. Station BACILLARIOPHYCEAE (Otatoms) AsteMonella sp. 4 2 3 0 5 2 5 2 Centric diatom 3 1 1 1 . Cymatonteura sp. O O Diatoma sp. 1 O O 1 Fragilaria sp. 12 5. 12 1 1 1 9 5 Gyrostoma sp. O O AAetostra sp. 13 5 15 3 1 0 37 53 Naviculoid 1 1 Stephanodiscus binderanus 6 3 6 3 1 1 5 5 SuMeella sp. 1 1 2 1 1 1 Synedra sp. O O Tabellaria sp. 6 4 5 2 1 0 4 2 Subtotal 41 11 44 2 9 4 63 52 CHLOROPFWCEAE (Green Algae) Actinastrum sp. O O Ankistrodesmus sp. O O Binuclearta sp. 1 1 Clostertum sp. 1 1 1 1 1 1

                . Coelastrum sp.              4        2        5        2                       3    2 Dictyoschaerium sp.          2        1                                          1    1 Dimorphococcus sp.            1       1                                         O    O Eudorina sp.                  1       1                                         O    O Micractinium sp.                                                                O    O

_Mougeotta sp. 1 1 1 0 3 6 Oedocentum sp. 6 2 3 3 Oocystis sp. 1 1 1 1 Pedtastrum sp. 56 2 76 6 2 O SO 24 Scenodesmus sp. I 1 1 1 4 4 Selenastrum sp. O O Sohaerocystis sp. 2 1 0 1 Spriocyra sp. 2 2 0 1 Staurastrum sp. 2 1 2 1 2 1 Westella sp. 2 1 0 1 Unidentified 2 0 3 1 2 2 Subtotal 77 2 91 9 4 2 71 30 CHRYSOPHYCEAE (Brown Algae) Dinobrvon sp. O O DINOPHYCEAE (Dinoflagellates) Cerattum hirundinella 1 1 0 1 EUGLENOPHYCEAE Euglena sp. O O MYXOPHYCEAE _(Alve-green Algae) Anabaena so. O 1 Aphanizomenon sp. 7 2 19 2 15 14 Chroococcus sp. O O Meetsmocedia sp. O O Microcystis so. 3 2 7 2 5 3 Osettlatoria sp. O 1 Subtotal 9 3 26 0 - 20 16 TOTAL 128 12 161 7 12 5 146 91 S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter .

52 " - TABLE A-2 CONT. ~ ANALYSIS 01: PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT MAY 29, 1975 Station 1 Station 2 i Station 6 Station 8 7 S.D. I Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean u S.D. .Mean BACILLARIOPHYCEAE (Diatoms) Astertonella so. 5 1 4 2 3 2 3 O Centric diatom 2 1 2 0 2 1 Cymatopleura sp. Diatoma sp. 2 2 1 O Fraallaria sp. 9 6 15 1 6 1' 10 6 Gyrostoma sp. Melostra sp. 16 0 21 8 10 1 7 1 Naviculoid 2 O Stephanodiscus binderanus 7 3 18 0 4 2 3 1 _Suricella sp. 2 1 1 1 1 1 Synedra sp. 1 *O 1 1 Tabe11arta sp. 7 1 6 2 4 1 7 5 Subtotal 50 9 70 8 30 1 30 11 CHLOROPWCEAE (Green Algae) Actinastrum sp. . Ankistrodasmus sp. Btnuclearia sp. ,2 1 Clostertum sp. 2 0 3 1 1 1 1 1 Coetastrum sp. 2 0 6 2 4 2 2 1 Dictyosohaerium sp. 2 o i 1 Dimorphococcus sp. 1 1 1 o Eudorina sp. Micractinium sp. Mouccotia sp. 4 1 Oedooontum sp. 2 1 1 1 8 2 3 1 Oocystis sp. 1 1 2 0 3 1 Pediastrum sp. 50 4 93 13 52 5 31 1 Scenedesmus sp. 11 0 6 2 6 1

            , Selenastrum sp.               1        1 Sphaerocystis sp.              1        1             1      1        1     1 Spriogyra sp.

Staurastrum sp. 5 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 Westella sp. 1 1 Unidentified 5 2 2 1 1 1 2 i Subtotal 80 7 114 16 82 11 40 0 CHRYSOPHYCEAE (Brown Algae) Dinobyn sp. O!NOPHYCEAE (Dinoflagellates) Ceratium hirundinella 2 1, t 1 EUGLENOPHYCEAE Euolena sp. 1 1 MYXOPWCEAE , (Blue-green Algae) - Anabaena sp. Aphanizomenon so. 5 1 7 1 9 5 8 1 Chroococcus sp. Mertsmopedta sp. 1 O Microcystis so. 3 1 4 1 5 2 4 1 Osetitatoria sp. Subtotal 8 1 11 0 14 7 2 1 TOTAL 138 15 196 24 126 4 82 11 S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data pt esented as rumcer/ttter .

53 . TABLE A-2 CONT. ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT MAY 29, 1975

                          .y.,             Station g       Station 10      Station 12    Station 13 Mean l S.D. Mean    i S.D. Mean   S.D. Mean   .S.D.

BACILLARIOPWCEAE (Diatorns) Asterionella sp. 3 1 7 0 6 1 7 1 Centric, diatom 2 1 3 2 2 1 . Cymatopleur a sp. 1 1 Otatoma sp. 1 1 1:rarillaria sp. 16 1 3 3 8 0 6 2 Gyrosicma sp. 1 1 1 1 Melostra sp. 13 8 105 7 171 to 37 6 Naviculoid 2 0 2 .1 1 1 Stephanodiscus binderanus 3 0 1 1 2 2 4 O Surirella sp. 1 0 1 .1 1 1 Synodra sp. Tabellaria sp. 6 0 3 3 1 1 -4 3 Subtotal 44 8 123 10 191 8 60 8 CHLOROPHYCEAE (Green Algae) Actinastrum sp. 1 1 1 1 Ankistrodesmus sp. 1 1 Binuclearia sp. 2 1 2 1 1 1 Closterium sp. 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 Coelastrum sp. 3 1 5 1 1 1 4 3 Dictyoschaerium sp. 3 1 1 1 1 1 Dimorphococcus sp. 1 1 Eudorina sp. Micractinium so. 1 1 1 1 Moucectia sp. 9 4 19 4 4 1 Oedononium sp. 4 1 2 0 5 3 cocystis sp. 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 Pediastrum sp. 41 1 35 1 51 7 66 2 Scenedesmus sp. 1 1 11 4 6 0 1 0 Scienastrum sp. 1 1 Sohaerocystis sp. 1 1 Spriogyra sp. Staurastrum so. 3 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 Weste!!a sp. Unidentified 1 1 1 1 4 1 Subtotal 54 1 69 9 87 13 87 2 CHRYSOPHYCEAE (Drown Algae) Dinobevon sp. 1 1 DINOPHYCEAE (Dinoflagellates)

 .            Ceratium hirundinella          2       1                                     1      1.
            . EUGLENOPWCEAE Euolena sp.

MYXOPWCEAE (Blue-green Algae) Anabaena sp. 2 1 Aphanizomenon sp. 9 3 41 21 38 5 23 2 Chroococcus sp. 1 1 Matrismoocdia sp. 1 1 Mterocystis sp. 8 2 6 2 7 3 10 1 Oscillatoria sp. 2 1 2 1 l Suetotal 17 1 43 22 47 1 33 3 l TOTAL 116 7 240 40 325 22 179 9 S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as numcer/Itter.

54 TABLE A-3 . ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 16, 1975 Station 3 Station 6 Station 8 Station 1 TAXA S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.O. ' Mean S.D. , Mean BACILLARIOPHYCEAE (Olatoms) 470 1648 348 2091 99 2020 353 Asteetonella so. 2750 29 21 38 7 82 2 118 Centric diatoms 150 8 8 24 4 15 15 Cymatopleura so. 51 8 65 26 22 7 34 6 Otatoma sp. 37 660 110 559 151 851 160 627 Fraattarta sp. Gyrostoma sp. 8 8 937 60 1306 126 1305 37 Molostra sp. 1817 87 121 15 62 21 243 67 Naviculoid 302 105 47 244 2 246 20 171 53 Stephanodiscus binderanus 228 8 8 14 14 8 8 Surteella sp. 22 16 68 8 139 58 37 Synedra sp. 62 1104 0 948 316 1276 126 Tabellarta sp. 2538 455 4833 721 5797 774 5871 339 Subtotal 8572 1221 CHLOROPHYCEAE (Green Algae) 95 73 103 O 144 53 113 22 Actinastrum so. Arktstrodesmus sp. 22 22 15 0 257 15 284 81 191 30 Blnuclearia so. 393 197 0 24 4 30 14 Closterium_ sp. '81 36 60 10 15 0 77 35 22 8 Coetastrum sp. 146 57 174 38 176 '7 96 7 Dictyosphaerium sp. 374 Eudorina sp. 30 273 1 71 20 107 5 132 Micractinium sp. 1008 328 378 151 988 276 634 0 Mougeotta sp. 118 3093 327 1096 83 1712 533 859 Oedoqontum sp. 33 45 15 49 7 81 8 Oocystis sp. 124 8172 36 3961 332 3839 401 2736 22 Pedlastrum sp. 446 53 121 15 207 45 213 8 Scenedesmus sp. 34 6 Schroederia sp. Scienastrum sp. 20 20 15 15 Spirogyra sp. 7 516 162 317 0 358 49 228 Staurastrum sp. 14812 401 6638 455 7950 1398 5325 337 Subtotal OINOPHYCEAE (Dinorlagellates) 37 7 22 8 Ceratium hirundtncita 22 8 Pertoinium sp. 22 8 59 15 Subtotal EUGLENOPHYCCAE 38 18 Evalena sp. 20 20 8 8 MYXOPHYCEAE (Blue-green algae) 52 32 15 0 Anabaena sp. 30 16 e62 6464 174 10965 2850 10530 29 Aphantzomenon sp. 17732 30 0 10 10 15 15 Chrooeuccus sp. 20 20 30 15 20 20 Meetsmopedia sp. 98 325 113 530 80 612 52 Microevstis so. 688 Oscillatoria sn. 22 22 957 6879 31 11577 2771 11172 8 Subtotal 18462 156 18380 1130 25362 4961 22427 684 TOTAL 41866 S.D. = Standard Dovtation. Data presented as numoer/Itter, j

                                                                                                                   . -      1

55 TABLE A-3 CONT. ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 16, 1975 Station 9 Station 10 Station 12 i Station 13 TM S.O. Mean S.O. Mean S.O. Mean S.O. Mean , BACILLARIOPHYCEAE (Diatoms) 590 2090 137 2066 52 Astertonella so. 1821 44 4720 8 8 358 63 99 23 84 18 Centric diatoms Cymatopleura sp. 20 1 91 7 39 18 22 22 Olatoma sp. 598 8 1019 260 583 107 1056 80 Fraattaria so. 11 11 Gyrostoma sp. 139 1201 274 1064 55 1422 18 Melostra sp. 1150 9 1096 85 197 7 158 5 Naviculoid 51 332 67 554 133 149 34 570 20 Stephanodiscus binderanus 8 8 19 19 22 22 Surtretta sp. 53 5 30 11 43 23 Synedra sp. 952 25 3049 99 984 166 1235 209 Tabellaria sp. 4973 254 12088 1385 5274 661 6689 38 Subtotal CHLOROPHYCEAE (Green Algae) 95 14 Actinastrum so. 49 25 133 35 70 51 Ankistrodesmus sp. 27 3 29 4 20 20 156 19 625 133 286 20 296 32 Blnuclearp sp. Closterium sp. 25 11 20 20 Coelastrum sp. 52 8 358 63 39 19 49 29 89 29 878 203 108 13 138 16 Dictyosphaer tum sp. Eudor_%1 sp. 71 Micractintum sp. 66 6 548 42 129 53 234 442 28 2486 463 531 2 853 285 Mouncotta sp. 774 148 4186 141 1089 213 1429 97 Oedocontom _ sp. 89 29 99 99 10 10 33 13 Oocystis_ sp. Pedtastrum sp. 2592 88 10977 2297 3256 59 4120 232 60 1 1187 91 108 6 160 58 Scenedesmus sp. 33 9 140 56 10 10 43 23 Schroederia sp. 21 9 78 17 11 11 Sciennstrum sp. Spirocyra sp. 341 29 759 169 305 42 495 7 Staurastrum sp. 4756 239 22376 2991 6128 440 7976 353 Subtotal DINOPFNCEAE (Dinorlagottates) 10 10 98 50 20 1 Cerattom hirundtncita 10 22 22 Peridtntum_ sp. 21 9 10< 119 59 30 32 Subtotal - EUGLENOPHYCEAE to to

   -     Euolena sp.

1 MYXOPHYCEAE I (Blue-green algae) 32 12 ! Anabaeru sp. 50 34 84 84 29 9 8343 1312 40764 1911 8865 227 8017 369 Aphanizomenon sp. Chroocuccus sp. 8 8 Merismopedia sp. 437 52 1622 442 502 27 600 31 Microcystis sp. Osettlatoria sp. 6 6 84 84 8844 1332 42554 2183 9396 243 8649 349 Subtotal 18092 140E 77018 6550 2092ct im 6'au M

        ' TOTAL S.D. = Standard Deviation.           Data presented as numcer/ttter*.
     .                                                                                                          hememquew
                                                                            *"'                         -y       .

53 TABLE A-3 CON *

                                                                         .                 ..                             I ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTC,N POP'!*._ATIONS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 16, 1975 Station 14           Station 18         Station 19          Mean/        S.D.

TM Mean BACILLARIOPHYCEAE (Otatoms) 894 83 847 2 - 4 Gyrostoma sp. 1223 90 160 42 176 16 16 1095 55 1365 5729 480 82 20 31 11 23 23 8 107 17 681 32 715 1017 148 1346 91 18 41 Pedtastrum sp. Scenadesmus sp. 422 34 486 6248 179 7402 MYXOPHYCEAE (Glue-green algae) 10206 751 10098 8 8 8 8 470 27 S.D. Mean S.O. Mean S.O. Station , 373 2560 171 2409 845 Asterionella sp. 2009 475 2921 38 7 113 29 30 0 102 95 Centric diatoms 6 9 Cymatopleura sp. 43 35 51 9 100 9 Diatoma sp. 68 491 98 744 196 Fraattaria sp. 1412 297 941 4 1253 250 Melostra sp. 7 38 22 237 296 Naviculoid 280 15 547 63 1380 80 427 352 Stephanodiscus birderanus 15 1 9 8 Surirella sp. 31 11 33 8 47 36 Synedra sp. 38 857 50 1400 715 Tabellaria sp. 7463 873 5017' 152 6573 2161 Subtotal CHLOROPFWCEAE i (Green Algae) 8 101 45 Acttnastrum. sp. 144 26 155 13 8 Anktstrodesmus sp. 53 6 72 9 22 24 219 17 464 85 92 32 297 150 Blnuclearta sp. 31 11 8 8 33 29 Clostertum sp. 7 75 101, Coelastmm sp. 15 1 166 11 134 13 212 239 Dictyosphaertum sp. 2 7 Eudortna sp. 133 28 46 1 168 144 Micracttntum sp. 61 898 50 873 575 Mouceotta sp. 65 314 27 1537 1128 Oedoqonium sp. 1 60 39 Oocystis sp. 2917 92 3608 154 704 6 4262 2858 ' 266 44 166 13 266 327 Schroederia sp. 45 2 20 1 8 8 31 40 13 23 I Selenastmm sp. I 15 1 1 5 Spiroovra sp. 2 100 40 399 171 f Staurastrum sp. ' 76 2206 17 8347 5584 Subtotal l DINOPFNCEAE (Dinoflagellates) 29 23 8 52 11 39 9 28 Cerattum hirundinella 8 10 Peridtntum sp. 15 1 38 7 52 11 39 9 36 34 Subtotal EUGLENOPHYCEAE 7 12 Euclena sp. 23 53 9 31 11 15 15 36 Anabaem so. 579 2030 4 12183 10193 Aphantromenon sp. 15 0 8 10 Chroocuceus sp. 7 11 Mertsmonedia so. 685 136 237 20 610 364

          ,    Microevstis so.

8 8 11 25 Oscillatoria so. 10737 795 10814 705 2313 30 12854 10579 Subtotal 22752 1105 25731 233 9575 208 27817 18047 TOTAL S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as numeer/ttter .

e e s e.'

        '                      ~ 57 om F

APPENDIX B ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - JUNE 1975 t I a l l

l l l l l

                                       .                    l l

58 s TABLE B-1 ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT ' APRIL 22, 1975 . Station 1 Station 3 Station 6 Station 8 TM Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. ROTIFERA Asplanchna priodonta 0.5 0.5 Brachionus angularis O.6 0.6 B. calyciflorus 7.1 5.2 2.5 1.0 4.0 0.3 1.2 0.0

8. urceolaris 2.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 Filinia terminalis 0.5 0.0 1.2 0.1 Kellicottia longispina 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.2 4.5 1.6 4.5 1.4 3.9 1.4 3.5 2.3 Keratella cochlearis 4.4 0.5 3.4 0.5 3.7 0.2 2.1 1.0

 $ quadrata                                                                                                                                        7.4 Notholca sp.               40.1      7.7   30.0    0.5   38.7                                                 0.2                         43.8 Polyarthra sp.             18.6      3.9    6.1    0.7   12.0                                                 0.2                          3.9    1.2 Synchaeta sp.              10.2      3.3   10.7     1.7    7.4                                                0.3                          8.3    0.6 Unidentified rotifer       38.8      5.4   20.6    2.0   24.8                                                    1.1                      12.6    0.6 80.8     5.7  97.2                                                  4.2                        76.0    3.2 Subtotal-                125.9      19.8 7]PEPODA Otaptomus spp.              0.5      0.5    0.5     0.0    0.9                                                 0.3                         1.2    0.8 Immatures, calanoid                         0.5     0.0    0.3                                                 0.3                         0.2    0.2 Nauplit, calanoid          15.0      2.7   21.2     8.4  19.8                                                    1.5                      15.1     1.2 Limnocalanus maccurus                                                                                                                      O.2    0.2 Cyclops bicuspidatus                                       O.6                                                 0.0 g vernalis Immatures, cyclopold        1.1     0.1     1.0    0.5    0.9                                                 0.3                         0.4    0.4 Nauplit, cyclopold           3.3     0.4     2.7    0.2    4.3                                                 0.2                         5.2    0.2 Nauplit, harpactacold        0.5     0.5    0.2     0.2    0.6                                                  0.6 Subtotal                  20.4      3.2   26.1     7.9  27.4                                                   0.3                       22.3    2.1 CLADOCERA Bosmina longirostris                        O.7    0.7    0.3                                                  0.3                        0.4    0.4 Chydorus sp.                                O.2    0.2                                                                                    0.2    0.2 Daphnia retrocurva          0.5     0.5     0.7    0.2                                                                                    0.4    0.0 Subtotal                    O.5     0.5     1.6    0.1    0.3                                                   0.3                       1.0    0.6 PROTO'ZOANS Difflugia sp.             29.5      4.9     5.2    1.2   11.9                                                   2.3                       4.4    0.6 TOTAL                    176.3     21.0  113.7    18.9 136.8                                                    6.5                     103.7     6.8 S D. = Standard Deviation.

Data presented as number / liter.

                                                                                                                                                        ...e

! 59 l TABLE B-1 CONT. ! 1-ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT APRIL 22, 1975 Station 9 Station 10 Station 12 Station 13 TMA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. + ROTIFERA / Asplanchna priodonta , Brachionus angularis 2.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 B. .calyciflorus O.4 0.0 8.1 3.7 18.1 4.1 7. 4 0.8 l O.7' O.7 2.9 0.0 1.6 0.0

            - B. urceolaris 2.2       0.7           0.8          0.8

+ Filinia terminalis Kellicottia longispina 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.0 i 1.7 0.2 3.0 0.G 10.7 0.4 3.0 1.4 ; Keratella cochlearis O.9 0.2 5.1 0.7 8.1 0.7 8.2 2.7

              & quadrata                                                                                                          23.5             2.7
)

Notholca sp. 27.8 0.9 25.8 3.7 35.4 0.0 O.9 0.2 28.8 8.1 33.9 8.8 18.8 5.8 l Polyarthra sp. Synchaeta sp. - 5.5 2.2 10.3 4.4 15.9 2.6 10.1 0.3 2.2 37.6 0.7 24.6~ 1.6 Unidentified rotifer 13.6 1.8 36.1 9.6 Subtotal- 51.4 4.9 117.9 14.8 167.7 1.8 99.6 4

                   'O PEPODA Olaptomus spp.                     0.9              0.5              0.7          0.7           0.4      0.4           0.5          0.5 Immatures, calanoid                                                                             0.4      0.4           0.3          0.3 Nauplit, calanoid                 19.7              2.0             19.2          3.0         16.2       0.7          13.7          3.3 Limnocalanus maccurus Cyclops bicuspidatus               2.7              2.0              0.7          0.7           0.4      0.4           0.8          0.3 C. vernalis Immatures, cyclopold              0.9              0.2              0.7          0.7                                  1.9          0.3 Nauplit, cyclopold                5.0              0.9              4.4          0.0           5.9      0.7           4.1          1.9 Nauplit, harpactacold             2.2              2.2              0.7          0.7           0.4      0.4            1.1         0.0 29.4              4.0             26.4          3.1         23.7       0.1         22.4           0.5 3

Subtotal - CLADOCERA. Bosmina' longirostris O.4 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.4 0.4 - Chydorus sp. , Daphnia retrocurva O.4 0.4 1.1 1.1 Subtotal O.8 0.8 1.5 0.0 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 i PROTOZOANS Difflugia sp. 5.5 1.5 42.0 8.1 15.1 1.1 4.6 0.3 TOTAL 87.1 6.7 187.8 2.0 208.0 4.5 126.6 9.9 N 5 D. = Standard Deviation. l Data presented as number / liter. y --- +iW~ -=-st;d4 v e' - * ' - - m9W' -w t---- e

l l 60 TABLE B-1 CONT. ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT APRIL 22, 1975 . Station 14 Station 18 ' Station 19 : Mean/ S.D. TMA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Station Mean S.D.

 . ROTIFERA Asplanchna priodonta                                                               0.1      0.2 Brachionus angularis           O.4     0.0     2.5      0.0                       18.7    60.8 B. calyciflorus                2.1     0.4     9.8      1.2     18.2     1.5       7.2      6.2 B. urceolaris                  O.8     0.0     1.2      0.0                         1.0     1.0 Filinia terminalis             O.2     0.2     4.0      2.8      2.5     1.5        1.0     1.3 Kellicottia longtsoina         O.2     0.2     0.9      0.3      0.5     0.5       .O . 6   0.4      -

Keratella cochlearts 3.6 0.6 7.4 0.0 3.4 0.5 2.1 2.2 K. quadrata 1.5 0.2 3.4 0.9 2.0 2.0 3.9 2.5 Notholca sp. 41.9 12.4 34.1 10.1 6.4 3.4 31.6 10.7 Polyarthra sp. 4.4 1.5 32.9 4.0 83.1 54.5 22.1 23.5 Synchaeta sp. 8.5 0.4 10.4 0.6 20.2 4.4 10.7 4.1 Unidentified rotifer 22.1 0.2 36.5 0.9 59.0 31.5 29.7 13.5 Subtotal- 85.7 13.7 143.1 3.1 195.3 96.0 112.8 42.7 JOPEPODA Diaptomus spp. 2.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.6 Immatures, calanoid 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 Nauplit , calanoid 22.1 1.5 11.1 0.6 1.9 1.0 15.9 5.8 Limnocalanus maccurus 0.0 0.1 Cyclops bicuspidatus 1.1 0.2 5.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 C. vernalis Immatures, cyclopold 1.1 0.2 0.9 0.3 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.6 Nauplit, cyclopold 5.5 1.7 1.2 1.2 11.8 4.9 4.9 2.7 Nauplit , harpactacold 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 32.7 15.0 1.0 21.7 7.0 24.3 4.8 Subtotal 3.1 CLADOCERA 1 Bosmina longirostris O.6 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.5 O.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.0 0.9 0.3 0.6 Chydorus sp. Daphnia retrocurva O.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 l 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.0 2.0 0.9 1.1 0.6 Subtotal PROTOZOANS Difflugia sp. 4.2 0.4 11.4 0.9 4.91 1.0 12.6 12.4 TOTAL 123.8 10.9 170.7 5.0 223.6 102.7 150.7 44.9 S D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter'. . 4 9 0 .-

C1 TABLE B-2 ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT MAY 29, 1975 Station 1 i Station 3 i Station 6 l Station 8 Mean S.D. Mean , S.D.' Mean S.D. Mean S.D. ROTIFERA 0.0 Asplanchna priodonta O.5 O.E 1.5 0.E 2.0 Brachionus angularis 7.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 g calyciflorus g havanaensis Conochiloides sp. 0.5 0.5 Filinia terminalis 1.0 1.0 Kellicottia longispina 84.0 6.0 59.5 7.5 94.0 1.0 Keratella cochlearis 64.5 16.5 19.5 4.5 3.0 1.0 5.5 0.5 K. Quadrata

  -Notholca sp.                                    0.5     0.5 88.5     11.5     122.5     11.5     78.5                                                        5.5      43.0    22.0 Polyarthra sp.

Synchaeta sp. 1.0 1.0 3.5 2.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 Trichocerca multicrints 0.5 0.5 3.0 Unidentified rotifer 0.5 0.5 5.0 219.0 19.0 150.0 16.0 161.0 29.0 Subtotal 162.0 COPEPODA Calanoida 0.5 3.0 1.0 14.5 Diaptomus sp. 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 Diaptomus immatures 2.5 1.5 Eurytemora affinis Eurytemora immatures 13.5 Calanoid nauplit 13.5 1.5 27.0 7.0 14.0 3.0 40.5 Cyclopoida Cyclops bicuspidatus 4.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 0.0 6.5 4.5 21.5 0.5 12.0 4.0 35.5 7.5 j g vernalis 5.5 ' Cyclopold immatures 15.5 3.5 61.5 6.5 28.5 9.5 74.5 61.0 328.0 121.0 464.5 20.5 Cyclopold nauplit 216.0 60.0 553.0 28.0 668.0 64.0 386.5 140.5 639.0 7.0 Subtotal 278.0 CLADOCERA 6.0 Bosmina longirostris 35.0 6.0 324.0 17.0 222.5 28.5 138.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 6.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Chydorus sphaericus Daphnia galeata D. retrocurva 69.5 2.5 183.5 61.5 98.5 14.5 390.5 34.5 2.0 9.0 1.0 4.5 1.5 28.5 1.5 Eubosmina coreconi 2.0 0.5 Leptodora kindtil 1.5 1.5 2.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 Subtotal 111.0 4.0 522.0 45.0 333.5 40.5 558.0 41.0 PROTOZOA Difflucia sp. 80.5 24.5 48.5 3.5 58.5 6.5 42.0 1.0 631.5 61.5 1457.5 41.5 928.5 203.5 1400.0 64.0 TOTAL S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter.

i 62 l l TABLE B-2 CONT.

   ?
   -;        ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT                                           l MAY 29, 1975 Station 9     l   Station 10       Station 12        Station 13 Mean     S.D. Mean     S.D. Mean      S.D. Mean     S.O.

ROTIFERA 0.0 5.5 2.5 4.0 2.0 1.0 Asplanchna priodonta 0.5 22.0 1.0 14.5 14.5 14.5 2.5 Brachionus angularis 0.5 2.5 0.5

8. calyciflorus 2.0 1.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.0

8. havanaensis Conochiloides sp. 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Filinia terminalis KcIlicottia longispina 4.5 0.5 167.0 8.0 206.0 11.0 98.5 2.5 Keratella cochlearis 120.0 5.0 5.5 0.5 9.0 5.0 54.5 3.5 7.5 2.5 K. cuadrata Notholca sp.

2.0 75.5 5.5 112.5 31.5 261.0 5.0 Polyarthra sp. 96.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 Synchaeta sp. 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 Trichocerca multicrinis 1.0 0.0 O.5 0.5 Unidentified rotifer 30.0 395.0 5.0 282.5 5.5 269.0 31.0 348.0 Subtotal OPEPODA Calanoida 5.0 3.0 9.0 2.0 4.5 'O.5 21.0 0.0 Diaptomus sp. 7.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Diaptomus immatures 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 Eurytemora affinis Eurytemora immatures 0.5 0.5 46.0 12.0 12.5 0.5 20.5 5.5 28.0 0.0 Calanoid nauplii Cyclopolda 1.0 10.5 3.5 4.0 2.0 11.0 2.0 3.0 Cyclops bicuspidatus 0.0 0.0 15.5 1.5 35.0 9.0 13.5 1.5 g vernalis 68.5 13.5 74.5 5.5 Cyclopoid immatures 105.5 4.5 25.5 0.5 554.5 29.5 290.5 20.5 358.0 22.0 566.0 19.0 Cyclopold nauplii 6.0 691.0 24.0 758.5 44.5 352.0 18.0 517.0 Subtotal CLADOCERA Bosmina longirostris 391.0 13.0 79.5 23.5 1478.0 702.0 193.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 11.5 6.5 5.5 1.5 Chydorus sphaericus Daphnia galeata 263.0 36.0 32.5 8.5 59.5 0.5 300.0 29.0 D. retrocurva 26.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 10.5 1.5 5.0 0.0 Eubosmina coregent O.5 0.5 2.5 1.5 3.0 0.0 6.5 3.5

      , Leptodora kindtil        '

20.5 110.0 34.0 1562.5 710.5 510.0 22.0 Subtotal 683.5 PROTOZOA Difflugia sp. 47.5 4 5 43.5 0.5 32.0 6.0 37.5 0.5 1772.0 66.0 790.5 4 52459.5 680.5 1633.5 1.5 TOTAL S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data pronented an number / liter.

63 i TABLE B-2 CONT. ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT MAY 29, 1975 Station 14 Station 18 Station 19 l Mean/ S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. IStation ROTIFERA Asplanchna priodonta 8.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.2 2.7 Brachionus angularis 3.0 2.0 5.8 7.7

8. calyciflorus O.2 0.8 O.6 1.0

8. havanaensis Conochiloides sp. 310.0 4.0 28.4 93.4 0.7 1.4 Filinia terminalis Kellicottia longispina 0.5 1.4 Keratella cochlearis 39.5 2.5 48.5 4.5 6.0 1.0 89.8 57.7 22.0 2.0 13.5 5.5 17.0 6.0 14.3 15.1

       $ quadrata Notholca sp.                                   0.5    O.5                      0.1    0.2 Polyarthra sp.              147.5    44.5   221.5     2.5     12.0    1.0  114.4     73.2 Synchaeta sp.                                 '2.0    2.0                      1.0    1.2 Trichocerca multicrints                        0.5    0.5                      1.1    1.0 Unidentified rotifer                                                           O.1    0.2 Subtotal                   217.5     38.5   290.5    12.5   345.0    10.0  258.1     83.5
        .OPEPODA Calanoida Diaptomus sp.                  8.5     1.5      5.0    5.0     0.5    0.5      6.5    6.5 Diaptomus immatures            1.0     1.0      7.5    2.5                     2.1    2.8 Eurytemora affinis                                             1.0    0.0      0.6    0.9 Eurytemora immatures                                                           0.1    0.2 Calanoid nauplii             33.5      6.5    27.0     1.0     9.5    3.5    24.7    12.0 Cyclopolda Cyclops bicuspidatus         11.5      1.5      5.0    0.0     3.5    0.5      5.5    3.8 g vernalis                   17.0      4.0      9.5    0.5    10.5    4.5     16.1   11.0 Cyclopold immatures          86.5      4.5    71.5     6.5    60.5   31.5    61.1    27.5 Cyclopold nauplit           616.0      8.0  560.0    78.0     31.0   10.0   411.7   183.3 Subtotal                    774.0      8.0  685.5    67.5    116.5   13.5   533.3   219.0 CLADOCERA Bosmina lonairostris        184.5      5.5  201.5      0.5    12.0    2.0   296.3   408.0 Chydorus sphaericus            6.5     0.5      6.0     1.0    9.5    0.5      5.1     3.4 Daphnia galeata                                 1.0     1.0                    0.1     0.3 578.0     23.0  345.5      4.5     7.5    4.5   211.6   180.4
       & retrocurva                           0.5     11.0    0.0    11.0     0.0    10.6     9.1 Eubosmina coreconi             7.5 Leptodora kindtil              1.5     0.5      1.0    0.0     0.5     0.5      2.0    1.7 Subtotal                    778.0     29.0   566.0     5.0                  521.9   426.6 PROTOZOA Difflugia sp.                 31.5      2.5    12.5     0.5                    39.5   21.5 TOTAL                      1801.0     62.0 1564.5     84.5 502.0       0.0 1357.3   589.4 S.D. = Standard Deviation.         Data prosented as number / liter.

[ _

                                                                                           .'.~

1 C4 . TABLE B-3 ,. L ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 16, 1975 Station 1 Station 3 Station 6 l Station 8

Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. ROTIFERA Branchionus angularis 8.4 0.4 5.9 1.7 13.2 1.5 27.8 3.4

  & calyciflorus                                                                O.5     0.1

8. havanaensis 1.3 0.2 Conochiloides sp. 81.1 1.7 44.7 3.9 42.0 4.3 58.1 3.0 Filinia terminalis 2.2 1.2 1.0 0.5 3.5 0.2 Kallicottia longispina 5.2 1.8 8.4 1.6 8.2 2.6 6.5 0.5 Karatella cochlearts 151.0 5.8 80.8 5.9 65.4 22.2 101.2 8.8

  & quadrata                21.0      7.3   20.3      2.2   12.9    1.1        15.8     0.6 Polyarthra sp.             17.6     2.9    16.8     5.5   13.6    1.9        20.3     1.8 Pompholyx sulcata           2.2     1.2     4.2     1.2     2.8   0.8         4.9     0.8 Synchaeta sp.               1.1     0.1 Trichocerca multicrinis                     1.0     0.6     1.3   1.3         0.5     0.1 Trichocerca _ sp.           1.7     0.7                     1.1   0.5         0.8     0.4 Trichotria tetractis                        O.2     0.2     0.4   0.4 Unidentified rotifer      42.8      3.7   38.7      1.3  21.9     2.0        25.0     0.9 Subtotal                 334.3    10.8   221.0    23.7  183.8    21.4       266.2    17.3 PEPODA u tanoid copepods Diaptomus sp.               2.5     1.4     2.3     0.0     2.0   0.5         3.5     0.2 Immatures , Diaptomus       5.9     1.0     2.3     0.0     0.7   0.7         1.1     0.0 Eurytemora affinis Nauplit, calanoid          17.6     3.9    11.0     1.5     7.0   1.0         6.3     0.0 Cyclopold copepods Cyclops bicuspidatus       10.2     4.5     4.2     1.1     5.0   1.3         6.7     0.3 g vernalis                 70.5     0.1    20.7     2.5  28.8     1.3        20.4     1.1 Mesocyclops edax Immatures, cyclopold        9.7     2.8     6.5     O.4     4.2   0.1         6.5     0.5 Nauplit, cyclopold       281.3    14.7   117.7      2.9 118.5    22.9        67.7     6.1 Subtotal                 397.7    21.3   164.7      0.8 166.2    23.8       112.2     7.6
 *CLADOCERA Bosmina longirostris                                                          0.2     0.2 Chydorus shaericus                                                            0.5     0.2 Daphnia parvula                                                               O.2     0.2 g retrocurva              48.0      6.0   39.9      3.8  42.9     0.9        25.8     2.0 Eubosmina coregoni       159.7    30.4    77.2      5.0  65.3     4.7        56.6     1.1 Leptodora kindtit           0.5     0.5     1.0     0.1     0.4   0.4         0.3     0.2 Subtotal                 208.2    36.6   118.1      8.7 108.6     4.1        83.5     1.4 OTOZOA Difflugia sp.           1472.5 327.9     706.1    48.1  836.3    A9.8 1174.4        71.4            j TOTAL                    2412.7   332.3 1209.9     81.7 1294.9 119.0 1673.0           48.3 S .D. = Standard Deviation       Data presented as number / liter.

65 TABLE B-3 CONT. ~ ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 16, 1975 Station 9 Station 10 Station 12 Station 13 TM Mean S.D. Mean i S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. ROTIFERA Branchionus angularis 17.8 5.3 18.0 3.2 13.6 0.2 24.5 0. 1 B. calyctflorus 1.2 0.3 2.1 2.1 B. havanaensis Conochiloides sp. 18.3 3.9 50.2 3.9 16.5 5.9 26.4 0.6 Filinia terminalis 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.2 1.5 0.1 Kellicottia Icnqispina 8.9 1.9 14.9 2.2 6.0 1.7 8.8 3.2 Keratella cochlearis 42.1 7.4 153.6 18.6 50.1 4.0 114.5 6.4 K. quadrata 13.7 3.5 28.0 9.0 11.2 1.6 15.9 1.6 Polyarthra sp. 26.9 5.3 50.5 8.6 14.8 0.4 29.7 3.7 Pompholyx sulcata 4.1 2.6 12.7 2.1 2.5 2.0 5.8 0.2 Synchaeta sp. O.3 0.3 Trichocerca multicrints O.5 0.5 1.6 0.6 Trichocerca sp. 3.5 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 Trichotria tetractis Unidentified rotifer 60.9 12.0 24.8 12.1 13.0 2 .' 9 16.7 2.2 Subtotal 196.8 36.0 359.5 36.6 129.4 18.9 245.9 0.1 sPEPODA Calanoid copepods l Diaptomus sp. O.9 0.9 4.7 2.6 3.5 1.1 0.5 0.5 Immatures, Diaptomus 1.1 0.1 2.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 2.6 1.0 Eurytemora affinis - O.3 0.3 , Nauplit , calanoid 3.4 0.2 29.5 0.0 6.4 0.2 8.2 0.5 Cyclopold copepods Cyclops bicuspidatus 3.6 1.4 10.0 2.7 9.7 2.5 9.0 1.9 12.9 1.5 80.1 23.1 38.9 1.4 29.6 0.5

 -C. vernalis Mesocyclops edax                                            0.3    0.3 Immatures, cyclopold        5.8     0.4     18.6   8.8      6.7    1.5           7.7      2.1 Nauplit, cyclopold        76.8      2.4   254.6   35.3    58.3     5.0         96.8       6.7 Subtotal                 104.5      5.3   399.8   49.6  124.3      9.1        154.4       3.7 CLADOCERA Bosmina lonalrostris        0.3     0.3      2.1   2.1      1.4    0.1            1.5     0.1 Chydorus shaericus           1.1    0.4      2.3    0.2     0.3    0.3 Daphnia parvula D. retrocurva              18.7      1.6   78.1     4.2   22.0     5.8          14.0      0.7
    ~

Eubosmina coregoni 17.5 4.1 198.3 40.3 63.3 -3.4 62.7 5.6 Leptodora kindtii O.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.0 Subtotal 37.8 1.5 280.8 34.2 87.3 9.6 78.8 6.3 t-ROTOZOA Difflugia sp. 890.7 59.3 1302.3 82.7 467.3 23.8 750.8 30.1 TOTAL 1229.8 102.1 2342.4 203.1 808.3 42.2 1229.9 33.0 S .D. = Standard Deviation Data presented as number / liter.

                   ^~'
                         ~ .:                 _               _              _          _    -.

66 - TABLE B-3 CONT. , ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 16, 1975 Station 14 Station 18 l Station 19 Mean/ S.D. Mean l S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Station ROTIFERA Branchionus angularis 22.5 2.3 26.3 5.4 6.2 1.0 16.7 7.9 B2 calyciflorus 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.7 B. havanaensis 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 ~Conochiloides sp. 27.3 1.8 24.3 10.5 16.2 3.3 36.8 20.5 Filinia terminalis 5.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.7 1.9 1.4 Kellicottia longispina 10.8 0.8 6.6 3.0 3.4 0.4 8.0 3.1 Keratella cochlearts 91.4 2.9 99.5 1.1 30.6 0.6 89.1 40.8 & quadrata 14.9 0.9 15.6 4.9 10.3 0.3 16.3 5.1 Polyarthra sp. 37.2 3.2 24.1 1.7 26.1 9.7 25.7 10.8 Pompholyx sulcata 4.0 1.4 2.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 4.2 3.2 Synchaeta sp. 10.4 1.4 1.1 3.1 Trichocerca multicrints O.7 0.1 0.5 0.6 Trichocerca sp. O.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.0 Trichotria tetractis O.1 0.1 Unidentified rotifer 60.6 2.5 21.1 1.1 36.8 1.1 32.9 16.6 Subtotal 274.7 3.8 221.6 27.5 143.4 5.9 234.2 72.1 DEPODA Calanoid copepods Diaptomus sp. 1.0 0.6 1.5 0.5 2.0 1.4 Immatures, Diaptomus 1.0 0.6 3.1 1.5 1.9 1.7 Eurytemora affinis 0.0 0.1 , Nauplit, calanoid 7.6 0.2 6.7 0.4 0.9 0.2 9.5 7.9 Cyclopold copepods Cyclops bicuspidatus 3.6 1.2 10.9 0.7 6.6 3.6 22.9 0.4 37.5 8.4 0.2 0.2 33.0 23.7 _C . vernalis Mesocyclops edax O.0 0.1 Immatures, cyclopold 5.5 0.3 8.8 1.7 7.4 1.6 8.0 3.9 Nruplit, cyclopold 89.8 0.6 99.3 4.4 68.9 ,7.3 120.9 75.6 Subtotal 129.4 1.8 167.8 12.7 77.4 8.6 181.7 111.1 CLADOCERA Bosmina longirostris 1.5 0.8 2.1 1.1 0.8 0.9 Chydorus shaericus O.2 0.2 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 D:phnia parvula 0.0 0.1 D. retrocurva 15.7 2.5 22.0 2.7 3.7 1.0 30.1 20.8 Ebosmina coregoni 36.1 3.5 43.2 1.1 1.5 0.1 71.0 58.5 Leptodora kindtii 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 Subtotal 52.8 4.3 67.6 2.4 6.4 0.9 102.7 78.4 F.<OTOZOA Difflugia sp. 860.7 42.1 700.6 26.4 115.3 0.6 843.4 379.7 TOTAL 1317.6 41.3 1157.6 69.0 342.5 3.0 1365.2 601.2 S .D. = Standard Deviation Data presented as number / liter.

we O 9

         #$5     9 0

4 W 0 $ APPENDIX C BENTHOS POPULATIONS AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - JUNE 1975 i 1 1 i 1 9 e

68 TABLE C-1 ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT , APRIL 23, 1975 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 TM Mean Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. S.D. ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia complantota Helobdella staanalis Oligochaeta (unidentified) Immatures (no hair setae) 50.9 48.1 503.0 561.5 821.3 527.6 Branchyura sowerbyi Limnodrilus cervix b claparedeanus-L. claparedeanus-cervix L. maumeensis 12.7 22.1 12.7 22.1 otamothrix moldaviensis 6.4 11.0 12.7 22.1 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus Chironomidae . Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 38.2 38.2 19.1 33.1 Cryptochironomus sp. Procladius sp. ; Tanytarsus sp. l Ephemeroptera _ j Caenis sp. 6.4 11.0 l MOLLUSCA Palecypoda Amblema plicata l Station Total 6.4 11.0 57.3 57.3 553.9 619.8 865.9 559.6 S.L. = Standard Deviation. Data presehhed as number /m2 ,

69 TABLE C-1 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT , APRIL 23, 1975 Station 5 Station 6 Station 7 Station 8 I TMA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.! Mean S.D. ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia complontota 6.4 11.O Helobdella stagnalis 6.4 11.O Oligochaeta (unidentified) Immatures (no hair setae) 89.1 58.4 477.5 446.7 744.9 238.6 267.4 307.4 Branchyura sowerbyl 19.1 33.1 31.8 39.8 6.4 11.0 Limnodrilus cervix 25.5 44.1 6.4 11.0 y claparedeanus y claparedeanus-cervix 12.7 22.1 6.4 11.0 _. maumeensis 3otamothrix moldaviensis 12.7 22.1 44.6 29.2 6.4 11.0 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtli Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 12.7 11.0 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 Chironomidae . Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 19.1 33.1 19.1 33.1 6.4 11.0 12.7 22.1 Cryptochironomus sp. 31.8 29.2 6.4 11.0 ; Procladius sp. 12.7 22.1;1 Tanytarsus sp. 6.4 11.0 12.7 22.1 Ephemeroptera Caenis sp. . l MOLLUSCA $ jj Pelecypoda Amblema plicata 12.7 22.1 55trtion Total 133.7 33.1 579.4 606.8 878.6 356.8 343.8 368.9 S.D. = Standard Deviation.

' Data presented as number /m2,

70 . TABLE C-1 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT , APRIL 23, 1975 Station 10 Station 11 Station 12 i Station 9 TAXA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. 1 ANNELIDA Hin;dinea Glossiphonia comptontota Helobdella stagnalis 6.4 11.0 Oligochaeta (unidentified) Immatures (no hair setae) 383.3 544.9 44.6 29.2 38.2 0.0 2062.8 1605.8 Branchyura sowerbyl Limnodrilus cervix b claparedeanus 6.4 11.0 E claparedeanus-cervix 6.4 11.0 y maumeensis Dotamothrix moldaviensis 38.2 66.2 19.1 19.1 12.7 22.1 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtli 6.4 11.0 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 12.7 22.1 6.4 11.O Chironomidae . Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 44.6 39.8 76.4 33.1 Cryptochironomus sp. Procladius sp. S.4 11.0 Tanytarsus sp. Ephemeroptera

11.0 ,

Caenis sp. -6.4

1 MOLLUSCA Pelecypoda Amblema plicata 6.4 11.0 12.7 22.1 l

, Station Total 744.8 606.6 63.7 48.1 50.9 11.0 2177.4 1663.C. S. . . = Standard Deviation. Orta presented as number /m ,2 , I

       ~~
                                                                           ' ~

71 s . TABLE C-1 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT , APRIL 23, 1975 Station 13 Station 14 Station 15 Station 16 8 TMA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.f Mean S.D. ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia complontota Helobdella stagnalis Oligochaeta (unidentified) Immatures (no hair setae) 140.1 162.4 1623.5 1806.0 165.9 86.6 31.8 29.2 . Branchyura sowerbyl l Limnodrilus cervix 6.4 11.0 y claparedeanus y claparedeanus-cervix 6.4 11.0 L. maumeensis 12.7 22.1 Dotamothrix moldaviensis 6.4 11.0 31.8 29.2 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 6.4 11.0 Chironomidae . Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 12.7 22.1 6.4 11.0 Cryptochironomus sp. 19.1 19.1 6.4 11.0 i Procladius sp. 12.7 22.1 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 ' Tanytarsus sp. ; Ephemeroptera . Caenis sp. 25.5 22.1 .. MOLLUSCA Pelecypoda . Amblema plicata Stntion Total 165.5 140.8 1699.9 1874.6 222.8 108.6 38.2 38.2 S.D. = Standard Deviation. . Data presented as number /m2 ,

                                                                             + - - .

72 - TABLE C-1 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT , APRIL 23, 1975 Station 17 Station 18 Station 19 'Mean/ S*D* TMA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Station ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia complontota O.3 1.5 Helobdella staanalis 12.7 22.1 1.3 3.4 Oligochaeta (unidentified) Immatures (no hair setae) 6.4 11.0 235.6 72.3 1999.1 1395.3 509.8 666.5 Branchyura sowerby(_ 76.4 38.2 7.0 18.7 Limnodrilus cervix 6.4 11.0 95.5 87.5 7.4 22.2 y claparedeanus O.3 1.5 L. claparedeanus-cervix 1.7 3.6

     ' ., maumeensis                                                                   2.0     4.8
        .,tamothrix moldaviensis                       12.7    22.1                   10.7    13.8

' ARTHRO PODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtli O.3 1.5 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 2.7 4.4 Chironomidae . Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 12.7 22.1 6.4 11.0 25.5 44.1 15.8 19.6 Cryptochironomus sp. 3.4 8.3 Procladius sp. 12.7 22.1 3.0 4.9 Tanytarsus sp. 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 1.7 3.6 Ephemeroptera Caenis sp. 2.0 6.0 MOLLUSCA Pale.cypoda Amblema plicata 1.7 4.2 Station Total 19.1 0.0 280.1 61.4 2215.6 1582.8 584.1 710.3 S.D. = Standard' Deviation. - Data presented as number /m 2.

                                 -- ~.           ,

U l 73 TABLE C-2 ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT

tv%Y 21, 1975 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 TM Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.

Mean S.D. CCELENTERATA Hydra sp. (budding polyp) , Hydra sp. (single polyp) ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia complontota Helobdella staanalis 6.4 11.0 Oligoctueta Immatures (no hair setae) 12.7 22.1 25.5 29.2 222'.8 353.4 948.6 800.0 Granchvura sowerbyl 25.5 22.1 _imnodrilus cervix 25.5 29.2 L. claparedeanus y claparedeanus-cervix 12.7 22.1 L. maumeensis 38.2 19.1 Potamothrix moldaviensis 63.7 94.2 19.1 0.0 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil 6.4 11.0 108.2 39.8 44.6 77.2 95.5 87.5 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 31.8 29.2 12.7 22.1 140.1 242.6 Chironomidae Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 38.2 19.1 Cryptochironomus sp. . 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 Procladius sp. 12.7 22.1 Procladius pupa 44.6 77.2 Tanvtarsus sp. 6.4 11.0 Ephemeroptera Caenis sp. 6 .' 4 11.0 12.7 22.1 31.8 55.1 Stc. tion Total 38.2 0.0 184.6 29.2 375.6 601.7 1426.1 1267.0 S.D. = Standard Deviation. D ta presented as number /m2 .

m 74 - TABLE C-2 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT *

                      -                       MAY 21, 1975
 '                                           Station 5        Station 6         Station 7     Station 8 TM                                       Mean     S.D. Mean    S.D. Meani   S.D.

Mean S.D. COELENTERATA Hvdra sp. (budding polyp) 95.5 165.4 Hydra sp. (single polyp) 82.8 143.4 ANNELIDA e Hirudinea Glossiphonia complontota Helobdella staanalis Oligochacta Immatures (no hair setae) 63.7 61.4 617.6 705.8 394.7 324.9 528.4 341.9 Branchvura sowerbyi 6.4 11.0 25.5 44.1 12.7 22.1 12.7 22.1 Limnodrilus cervix 25.5 44.1 12.7 22.1 6 claparedeanus 6.4 11.0 6 claparedeanus-cervix 25.5 44.1 12.7 22.1 L. maumeensis 25.5 44.1 Potamothrix moldaviensis 6.4 11.0 19.1 33.1 19.1 33.1 ARTHROPODA . Cladocera Leptodora kindtil 25.5 11.0 76.4 50.5 57.3 50.5 12.7 22.1 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 38.2 50.5 57.3 68.9 216.5 155.6 l Chironomidae l Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 50.9 39.8 25.5 11.0 89.1 96.1 12.7 11.0 l Cryptochironomus sp. 6.4 11.0 12.7 11.0 31.8 55.1 31.8 55.1 , Procladius sp. 82.8 111.9 6.4 11.0 25.5 29.2 Procladius pupa Tanytarsus sp. Ephemeroptera Caenis sp. 12.7 22.1 Station Total 159.2 94.2 1018.7 944.3 719.4 646.4 1012.3 8101.3

        -                                                                                                   l l

S . .) . == Standard Deviation. . DEta presented as number /m2 , o

                                                                   ~          ~

75 TABLE C-2 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT MAY 21, 1975 Station 9 Station 10 Station 11 Station 12 TM Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. i COELENTERATA Hydra sp. (budding polyp) Hydra sp. (single polyp) ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia comolontota f Helobdella stagnalis l Oligochaeta 2438.4 545.7 50.9 72.3 203.7 138.2 744.9 995.4 Immatures (no hair setae) 11.0 Branchvura sowerbyi 6.4 12.7 22.1 12.7 22.1 _imnodrilus cervix y claparedeanus 12.7 22.1 6 claparedeanus-cervix y maumeensis Potamothrix moldaviensis 82.8 86.1 12.7 11.0 6.4 11.0 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil 267.4 87.5 57.3 68.9 78.8 64.8 127.3 48.1 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 25.5 29.2 6.4 11.0 70.0 22.1 Chironomidae Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 82.8 44.1 6.4 11.0 50.9 72.3 19.1 19.1 Cryptochironomus sp. 57.3 33.1 6.4 11.0 Procladius sp. 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 Procladius pupa Tanytarsus sp. Ephemeroptera Caenis sp. 44.6 61.4 Sta't ion Total 2960.5 600.4 140.1 177.5 362.9 175.1 1050.5 1094.4 ~ S..>. = Standard Deviation. D;ta presented as number /m2 , e

76

TABLE C-2 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT

MAY 21, 1975 Station 13 Station 14 Station 15 Station 16 TM Mean Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. S.D.

COELENTERATA Hydra sp. (budding polyp) 6.4 11.0 Hydra sp. (single polyp) ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia comolontota 6.4 11.0 Helobdelld stagnalis 6.4 11.O Oligoclueta Immatures (no hair setae) 553.9 307.4 1356.1 806.5 57.3 38.2 171.9 116.2 Branchvura sowerbyl 6.4 11.0 Limnodrilus cervix 6.4 11.0 12.7 22.1 6.4 11.0 6 claparedeanus 6 claparedcanus-cervix 6 maumeensis 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 Potamothrix moldavionsis 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil 127.3 29.2 280.1 77.2 155.8 38.2 38.2 66.2 Amphipoda

   , Gammarus fasciatus             76.4    76.4       6.4   11.0   6.4    11.0 Chironomidae Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 50.9    29.2     101.9  111.9  25.5    29.2    31.8    22.1 Cryptochironomus sp.          12.7      11.0    12.7   11.0 Procladius sp.                25.5      11.0     6.4   11.0   6.4    11.0     6.4    11.0 Procladius pupa Tanytarsus sp.

Ephemeroptera Caenis sp. 95.5 133.7 12.7 11.0 Ste. tion Total 901.1 558.7 1795.4 981.6 273.8 77.2 254.7 153.2 E. >. = Standard Deviation. D;ta presented as number /m 2.

               ~ ~ ~     ,.w-~

e 77 - TABLE C-2 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT

MAY 21, 1975 Station 17 Station 18 p Station 19 Mean/ S.D.

TM Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Station COELENTERATA 5.4 21.9 Hydra sp. (a dding polyp) Hydra sp. (single polyp) 4.4 19.O ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossichonia comolontota O.3 1.5 Helobdella stagnalis 0.7 2.0 Oligochaeta Immatures (no hair setae) 50.9 58.4 694.0 334.3 1502.5 1440.3 559.9 635.9 Granchvora sowerbyt 6.4 11.0 5.4 8.3 Limnodrilus cervix 12.7 11.0 19.1 19.1 8.1 9.0 O.3 1.5 6 claparedeanus 22.1 12.7 22.1 4.7 7.6 6 claparedeanus-cervix 12.7 4.0 10.2 y maumeensis Potamothrix moldaviensis 13.1 22.5 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil 38.2 50.5 25.5 11.0 6'. 4 11.0 85.6 79.0 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 57.3 83.3 44.6 29.2 41.6 56.0 Chironomidae Chironomus (chironomus) sp. 6.4 11.0 146.4 140.8 82.8 86.1 44.2 39.8 Cryptochironomus sp. 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 10.4 14.9 Procladius sp. 12.7 11.0 6.4 11.0 10.7 19.1 Procladius pupa 2.3 10.2 Tanytarsus sp. O.3 1.5 Ephemeroptera Caenis sp. 11.4 23.8 Station Total 101.9 94.2 640.8 174.7 1725.4 1653.7 796.9 758.0 S.J. = Standard Deviation. D:ta presented as number /m2,

78 TABLE C-3 ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 19, 1975 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 l A Mean S.D.I Mean E.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. OOELENTERATA Hydra sp. (single polyp) Hydra sp. (budding polyp) ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossichonia complanata Helobdella staanalis Oligochaeta Immatures (no hair setae) 89.1 138.2 1254.2 355.5 1407.0 795.0 Immatures (hair setae) Branchyura sowerbyl 25.5 .44.1 12.7 11.C 31.6 39.8 Limnodrilis cervix L. claparedeanus 12.7 11.C 6.4 11.0 _ clacaredeanus/ cervix b maumeensis 44.6 22.1 38.2 50.5 Potamothrix moldaviensis 6.4 11.0 12.7 22.1 tRTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil 515.7 294.C' 452.0 315.2 261.0 171.2 312.0 144.0 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 31.8 39.E 6.4 11.C 12.7 22.1 Ephemeroptera . Caents sp. Chironomidae Chironomus (Chironomus) sp. 6.4 11.0 31.8 22.1 44.6 29.2 Crvotochironomus sp. 6.4 11.C Procladius sp. 6.4 11.C Tanytarsus sp. 44.E 61.4 57.3 19.1 6.4 11.0 VOLLUSCA Pelecypoda Amblema sp. TOTAL 573.C 248.3 1356.1 1418.7 1693.5 496.C 1859.1 898.8 S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter. D

79 TABLE C-3 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 19, 1975 Station 5 Station 6 Station 7 Station a A Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. l 'OELENTERATA Hydra sp. (single polyp) 6.4 11.0 Hydra sp. (budding polyp) NNELIDA Hirvdinea Glossichonia complanata Helobdella stagnalic Oligochaeta Immatures (no hair setae) 44.6 44.1 3230.5 1893.3 713.1 747.7 101.9 116.7 Immatures (hair setae) Branchyura sowerbyl 38.2 38.2 Limnodrills cervix 108.2 88.2 19.1 33.1 L. claoaredearu s 70,0 58.4 12.7 22.1 38.2 38.2 [ clacaredeanus/ceivix y maumeensis Potamothrix moldaviensis 6.4 11.0 38.2 33.1 6.4 11.0 RTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil 101.9 160.2 50.9 88.2 222.8 98.0 458.4 265.4 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 31.8 39.8 70.0 61.4 Ephemeroptera Caenis sp. 6.4 11.0 Chironomidae Chironomus (Chironomus) sp. 12.7 22.1 6.4 11.0 Cryptochironomus sp. Procladius sp. 6.4 11.0 Tanytarsus sp. 38.2 19.1 19.1 33.1 AOLLUSCA Pelecypoda Amblema sp. OTAL 216.5 173.3 1747.7 2172.4 1069.6 763.0 573.0 368.4 3.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter.

80 TABLE C-3 CONT. . ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCOST POINT JUNE 19, 1975 Station 9 Station 10 Station 11 Station 12 TMA Mean i S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. i OELENTERATA Hydra sp. (single polyp) 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 Hydra sp. (budding polyp) 6.4 11.0 ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia complanata Holobdella stagnalis 6.4 11.0 6.4 11.0 Oligochaeta Immatures (no hair setae) 632.1 209.7 50.9 29.2 382.0 137.7 649.4 593.0 Immatures (hair setae) Branchyura sowerbyl Limnodrills cervix 12.7 22.1 19.1 33.1 8.. claparedeanus 6.4 11 O

     $ claparedeanus/ cervix                                                          6.4              11.0 b maumeensis Potamothrix moldaviensis        6.4     11.0                                       6.4              11.0 GTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil            1623.5   231.6    312.0  523.G 1241.5      960.1   649.4              325.8 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus              6.4     11.0                                       6.4              11.0 Ephemeroptera Caents sp.

Chironomidae Chironomus (Chironomus) sp. 31.8 29.2 6.4 11.0 Cryptochironomus sp. 6.4 11.0 Procladius sp. , 6.4 11.0 Tanytarsus sp. 25.5 29.2 19.1 33.1 50.9 48.1 6.4 11.0 MOLLUSCA Pelecypoda mblema sp. TOTAL 3030.5 852.5 388.4 573.7 1680.8 827.4 1362.5 335.4 - S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter.

81 TABLE C-3 CONT.- ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT i JUNE 19, 1975 Station 13 Station 14 Station 15 Station 16 TMA Mean Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. S.D.

OELENTERATA Hydra sp. (single polyp) 6.4 11.0 Hydra sp. (budding polyp) sNNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia complanata Helobdella stagnalis 12.7 22.1 Oligochaeta 643.C 568.0 1528.0 1267 E 700.3 191.3 261.0 124.3 Immatures (no hair setae) '

Immatures (hair setae) Branchyura sowerbyl 38.2 38.2 Limnodrills cervix 12.7 22.1 76.4 87.E

     '   ., claparedeanus                                              38.2    33.1 claparedeanus/ cervix                      19.1   33.1 maumeensis Potamothrix moldaviensis          19.1   33.1     12.7   11.C     44.6    39.E WTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil               178.0    96.1    553.9  670.'   273.8    206.C 375.E   254.4 Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus                 6.4   11.C                                     6.4   11.0 Ephemeroptera Caents sp.

Chironomidae Chironomus (Chironomus) sp. 12.7 22.1 70.0 88.E 6.4 11.C 25.5 29.2 Cryptochironomus sp. 6.4 11.0 Procladius sp. 6.4 11.0 Tanytarsus sp. 31.E 22.1 6.4 11.0 12.7 22.1 143.3 40.5 i VOLLUSCA j Pelecypoda nblema sp. TOTAL 923.0 447.7 2317.E 809.1 1076.3 412.0 764.0 125.2 5.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter.

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82 TABLE C-3 CONT. ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS AT LOCUST POINT JUNE 19, 1975 Station 17 Station 18 Station 19 Mean/ S.D. TMA Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Station Mean S.D. COELENTERATA I-tydra sp. (single polyp) 1.4 2.7 Hydra sp. (budding polyp) 0.7 2.0 ANNELIDA Hirudinea Glossiphonia comolanata Helobdella stagnalis 1.3 3.4 Oligochaeta Immatures (no hair setae) 178.3 79.5 369.3 270.3 802.2 547.9 686.2 769.6 Immatures (hair setae) Branchyura sowerbyl . 7.7 14.2 Limnodrills cervix 6.4 13.O 114.6 19.1 19.4 37.0

      '.. claparedeanus                         .                    140.1    44.1        15.1   35.0 claparedeanus/ cervix                                     38.2    33.1         5.4   12.4 L. maumeensis                                                    6.4    11.0         0.7    2.0 stamothrix moldaviensis                          6.4     11.0                       13.1   16.0 ARTHROPODA Cladocera Leptodora kindtil              547.5  717.0    76.4     57.3                       431.9  402.8)

Amphipoda Gammarus fasciatus 9.4 17.7 Ephemeroptera , Caenis sp. 0.7 2.0 l Chironomidae Chironomus (Chironomus) sp. 6.4 11.0 12.7 11.0 70.0 55.1 18.1 22.3 Cryptochironomus sp. 1.0 2.4 Procladius sp. 95.5 38.2 6.4 21.8] Tanytarsus sp. 6.4 11.0 121.0 67.1 31.0 40.1l l MOLLUSCA l Palecypoda l smblema sp. l TOTAL 744.9 686.3 464.8 337.6 1387.9 618.7 1222.6 720.5 S.D. = Standard Deviation. Data presented as number / liter. l l

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83 APPENDIX D STOMACH ANALYSIS OF FISH COLLECTED AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - NOVEMBER 1974 1 1 l l l l l l

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                                                                                   ,P   5 3   ; g      R" 3

X n a 1 t i7gg7 c E E E (^ g 7 7 IE E E E E E E _8 $ 7 n, 2 2 2 2 2 p 3 ,n n

                                                   .                 .                                           i zz1:llz.iz.lz.12lz.lzlI?!?l?!?!?!?!?lF?l so g

l l

l

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                                                          . ?

93 9 APPENDIX E STOMACH ANALYSIS OF FISH COLLECTED AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - JUNE 1975 O

TABL .E-1 STOMACH ANALYSIS OF FISH t,JLLECTED AT LOCUST POINT APRIL - JUNE 1975 Food items e a Q

M n

                                                                                              ?       -                            a      t               a                     e a       i                            il     5          &    8      d        .

E

                                                                                         . E       s2                           e       a   e      =

e g 2 a 5 e e a " 2 E , p 3 ^ Morth Species L.ength Weight % 4 @ c t g , j g i g i g i g io 2 g 3 2 8 j a *

h g

2 g (mm) (9) 3o 8 E E S $ 3 ji 2 2 2 2 ti k E u - E e s e a o e a {. - u a o 2 o 6 2 o 2 o t o 2 a h. e e a 2 g ,

                                                                              !    3                         g     @                                                            r      5 -

o o o 4 5 E { g April Aplodinotus grunniens 111 - 6 grunniens 175 - A

                 & grunntens                      186        -

Notropts a. atherinoides 107 - 23 12 4 O A N hudsenius 107 - 2 3 18 2

                 & hudsonius                      110        -                                                                        1 g

N. hudnontus 112 - 2 8 4 N. hudsonius 115 - hudsonius - 121 - 1 1 B A N_. Osmerus cperlanus rnordax 140 -

                 ~Perca navescens                 167        -

239 6

)                 S navercens                                -

5 Percina encrodes 62 - May letalurus punctatus 116 - 4 2 1 6 1 A I. punctatus 157 - ilotropis a. atherinoldes 31 - 1 1 A

                  & a. . atherinoides               93        -

2 44 3 13 8 i N. a. atherinoides 110 - 146 8 212 12 [ N. a. atherinoides 114 - 55 0 63 2 19 E Iidsonius 101 - ' 4C 3 C A Meca navescens 185 - 20 140C L naveccens 200 - 50 800 P. Gavescens 203 - 600 70 45 P. Ilavercens 221 - It: A 5 f'

;                                                                                                                                                                                              .
                                                                                                                                                                                                       !i
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                                                                                                                                                                                                   = s

TABLET CONT. STOMACH ANALYSIS CF FISH COLLECTED AT LOCUST POINT - APRIL - JUNE 1975 I ood Items o a 4 # ff t _ n t . . a y a a a g g . g

                                                                                       . e     _

x

e

a e g t e e 2 g E e L a

o . - - - g a 2 r

E E E f g g j g g y Month species tength weight $ e 2 ,5 o 9 ,

8 0 k h o o O c g 4 (9) 20 L - E t 3 o ~ V i a e (**) 8 3 2 2 R 5 5 E se so S z 2 E 2 z b z $ t . g 8, e m o n o a g E r a

                                                                                                                                          . E    r 3                      o    E  3 0   0    0   0    0 0    F   1    F   E     -

E o o o < 5 [ j E Juna 'Alosa pseudoharenaus 132 27 120 G80 620 00 A Aplodinotus grunniens 06 10 G3 22 1 1 A letalurus nebulosus 277 204 12 0 500 E punctatus 148 34 10 45 200 A Notropis a. atherinoides 89 0 620 330 5 A 3 a. atherinoides 04 10 25 19 230 1 g N. a. atherinoides 102 0 105 A m E a. atherinoides 105 11 40 350 A 10 00 340 6 A { [. atherinoides 100 13G 200 15 A

             & a. atherinoides                      111            9 N. a. atherinoides                     111           11                   80 000        2   1                                                     A

{ j. Atherinoides 112 13 ith G40 00 10 A N. a. atherinoides 112 14 25 32 185 1 N. a. athertnoides 113 12 25 650 2 1 A N. Fudsonius 60 3 22 1 A N. hudsonius 91 10 100 500 10 128 23 85 520 2 A { hud .onius i A , Perca flavescens 105 14 5 300 5 2 P. navescens 161 48 520 40 A 64 240 10 D 5 navescens 171 A P. navescens 171 66 000 5 P. naver.cens 175 71 210 10 A 201 100 1040 15 A L navescens Pomoxis anrularis 141 38 40 55 30 31 3 e Notes: Letters unod under headtrgs " animal debels" and "plar.t debris" denote the relative abundance of the debris: A = slight amount B = moderate amount , C = plentiful amount Numbers used under all other headings denote the actual rumber of organisms contained within the stomach. u s. 4. , , . . . , , . . . ,, ,e t 3 a.n-o m<t ,ai..r.

96 APPENDIX F ' SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAME OF FISH SPECIES COMMON TO LOCUST POINT S e t e

97 TABLE F-1 . SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF SPECIES . FOUND IN THE LOCUST POINT AREA 1963 - 1974 of a v N N N O O O e - - Scientific Name Common Name Amlidae Amia calva bowfin Atherinidae Labidesthes sicculus brook silversides Catostomidae Carpiodes cyprinus quillback carpsucker Catostomus c. commerscni common white sucker

Minytrema milancos spotted sucker Moxostoma erythrumm golden redlicrse Ictiobus cyprinellus bigmouth buffalo fish Centrarchidae Ambleplites rupestris northern rockbass Lepcmis cyanellus green sunfish 6 gibbosus pumpkinseed sunfish 6 humilis orangespotted cunfish 6 macrochirus northern bluegill sunfish 6 microlophus redear sunfish Micropterus & dolomieul smallmouth bass M. s. salmoides largemouth bass Pomoxis annularis white crappie L nigromaculatus black crapple Clupeldae Alosa pseudoharengus alewife ,

Dorosoma cepedianum gizzard shad Cyprinidae Carassius auratus goldfish Q auratus x Cyorinus carpio carp x goldfish hybrid Cyprinus carpio carp Hyboosis storeciana silver chub Notropis a. atherinoides emerald shiner N. hudsonius spottail shiner 4 g m, - .r., . - - - . - , - y -- ,

98 TABLE F-1 CONT. SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF SPECIES FOUND IN THE LOCUST POINT AREA 1963 - 1974 . os a w - N N N O O O

     ~  "  "

Scientific Name Common Name h spilopterus spotfin shiner N . v. volucellus northern mimic shiner Pimechales p. promelas fathead minnow Esocidae Esox lucius northem pike

Ictaluridae Ictalurus melas black bullhead L natalis yellow bullhead L nebulosus brown bullhead L punctatus channel catfish Noturus flavus stonecat madtom Lepisosteidae

Leoisosteus osseus longnose gar Osmeridae

] Osmems coerlanus mordax American smelt Percidae Perca flavescens yellow perch Percina caprodes logperch darter Sticostedion v. vitraum walleye Percichthyidae Morone chrysops white bass Percopsidae Percopsis omiscomaycus troutperch Petromyzontidae Petromyzon marinus sea lamprey Salmonidae Oncorhynchus kisutch coho salmon Sciaenidae Actodinotus grunniens freshwater drum

i

  -       0 O

r O O_ O' r s I\ i 1 1

SneatwJ e i o - ras T .talatatms. Dnc. 1810 FRONTAGE ROAD NORTH 8 ROOK. lLLINCIS 6C062 Tom Cotooy AntA Conc 3:a ENvinoNMENTAL SCIENCES TCLEPNoNE 273 3o3o CNcMasTav - PLANT sCicNCES MEDICAL SCIENCES REPORT TO TOLEDO EDISON COMPANY TOLEDO, OHIO PREOPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING FOR THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT OAK HARBOR, OHIO i SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT January-June 1975 , IBT NO. 64305590 PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY INDUSTRIAL BIO-TEST LABORATORIES, INC. 4V Report approved by: , B. G. hn on, Ph. D. Manage Environmental Sciences I August 15, 1975

AA>^!c! BIO-TEST leh e-' k. PREFACE . The staff of the Nuclear Sciences Section of the Environmental Sciences Division of Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. was responsible for the acquisition of the data presented in this report. The report was prepared by P. Fonseca, Project Leader, and R. Briars, Assistant Radiochemist, under the direction of L. G. Huebner, Head, Nuclear Sciences Section. kk

a fels:J 8 l 0. T E 5 T .!M .ka. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface .. . ...... ................ 11 List of Figures .... .................. iv List of Table s . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... viii L Introduction . . . .................... 1 II. Summary . . . .... .................. 2 III. Methodology . . . .................... 3 A. The Atmospheric Environment ........... 3 B. The Terrestrial Environment ............ 4 C. The Aquatic Environment .............. 6 IV. R e sults and Dis cus sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 A. The Atmospheric Environment ........... 8 B. The Terrestrial Environment ............ 10 C. The Aquatic Environment .............. 14 V. References Cited .. ................... 107 Appendix A. Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radioactivity in Air and Water ......... B. Radiochemical Analytical Procedures. . . . . T l iii

f A41 B I O - T E 5 T .&.6adma, fe LIST OF FIGURES No. Caption Page 1 Sampling location on the site periphery, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant . . ................ 29 2 Sampling location (excepting those on the site periphery), Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant .. .. 30 3 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross' beta, collected near inlet canal (T-1, site boundary, O. 6 miles NE of plant) .. .. ..... 32 4 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at the site boundary, (T-2, O. 9 miles E of plant) . .............. 34 5 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected near the Toussaint River and the storm drain (T-3, site boundary,1. 4 miles SE of plant) . . . . . . . ................ 36 6 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at Locust Point and Toussaint River (T-4, site boundary, 0. 8 miles S o f pl a nt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at Sand Beach (T-7, 0. 9 miles NNW of plant) . . ................ 40 8 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at the Earl Moore Farm (T-8, 2 . 7 tnile s WSW of pla nt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 9 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at Oak Harbor (T-9,

6. 8 miles SW of plant) . ................ 44 10 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at the Erie Industrial Park (T-10, 6. 5 miles SE of plant) . . .. . .. . . . 46 iv i --

f4d >J BIO-TE5T.! h .Se LIST OF FIGURES (continued) No. Caetion Page 11 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at Port Clinton (T-11,

9. 5 miles SE of plant) . ........... ..... 48 12 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross betc, collected at Toledo (T-12, 23. 5 miles WNW of plant) .. ......... ....... 50 13 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at Put-In-Bay Lighthouse (T-2 3, 14. 3 mile s ENE of plant) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 14 Air particulate samples, analyses for gross alpha and gross beta, collected at McGee Marsh (T-27,

5. 3 miles WNW of plant) ........... ..... 54 15 Gamma-ray spectrum of air particulate filters (Ge(Li)), collected 6 January-31 March 1975, composite of all indicator locations ........... ..... 59 16 Gamma-ray spectrum of well water, collected 16 June 1975 at McGee Marsh (T-27, S. 3 miles WNW of plant) . . . . . . . . . ............. 67 17 Milk samples, analyses for 90Sr, collected from Earl Moore Farm (T-8,2.7 miles WSW of plant) . . . 74 18 Milk samples, analyses for 90S r, collected from a Toledo Dairy (T-12, 23. 5 miles WNW of plant) .... 75 19 Milk samples, analyses for 90S r, collected from Daup Farm (T-2 0, 5. 4 miles SSE of plant) . . ..... 76 20 Milk samples, analyses for 90S r, collected from Haynes Farm (T-21, 3. 6 miles SE of plant) . ..... 77 21 Milk samples, analyses for 90S r, collected from Toft's Dairy in Sandusky (T-24, 24. 9 miles SE o f pla nt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 v

AAau/ B I O - T E S T .6/=whm. A. LIST OF FIGURES (continued) No. Caution Page 22 Gamma-ray spectrum of milk, (NaI), collected 31 May 1975 from Earl Moore Farm (T-8, 2.7 miles WSW of plant) . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 23 Gamma-ray spectrum of radishes, (Ge(Li)), collected 27 June 1975 from Miller Farm (T-19, 3. 7 miles S o f pla nt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 24 Gamma-ray spectrum of beef, (Ge(Li)), collected 29 May 1975 from Peter Farm (T-22, 2. 6 miles SW of plant) . . ..................... 83 25 Gamma-ray spectrum of opossum flesh, (Ge(L1)), collected 31 May 1975 in the vicinity of the plant ... 85 26 Gamma-ray spectrum of silage, (Ge(Li), collected 26 March 1975 from Earl Moore Farm (T-8, 2.7 miles WSW of plant) .................. 87 27 Gamma-ray spectrum of soil (Ge(LI)), co11ceted 29 May 1975 at the beach (T-1, O. 6 miles NE of plant, near intake canal) . .. .. ... ... ..... 89 28 Treated surface water samples, gross beta activity, collected from E rie Industrial Park (T-10, 6. 5 mile s SE of plant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 29 Treated surface water samples, gross beta activity, collected from Port Clinton (T-11, 9. 5 miles SE o f pla nt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 30 Treated surface water samples, gross beta activity, collected from Toledo Water Treatment Plant (T-12, 2 3. 5 mile s WNW of plant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 31 Treated surface water samples, gross beta activity, collected from Unit 1 Treated Water Supply (T-28, on s it e ) . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... ... ..... 97 vi

fdudual 8 l 0 - T E S T 1&%. 9a LIST OF FIGURES (continued) No. Caption Page 32 Gamma-ray spectrum of the composite untreated

surface water, (NaI), January-March 1975, collected from Toledo Water Treatment Plant (T-12, 23. 5 miles WNW of plant) . ..................... 101 33 Gamma-ray spectrum of carp flesh, (Ge(Li)),

collected 27 May 1975 from Lake Erie in the vicinity of the site .. ..................... 10 4 34 Gamma-ray spectrum of bottom sediments, (Ge(Li)). collected 29 May 1975 from Lake Erie (T-1, O. 6 miles NE of plant, near intake canal) ......... 106 1 i vil

fAh/ BIO-TE5Tla h f=:. LIST OF TABLES No. Caption Page 1 Radioactivity in environmental samples, January-March 1975 . . . . ................... 17 2 Radioactivity in environmental samples, April-June 1975 ........................ 21 3 Sampling locations, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant .......................... 25 4 Type and frequency of collection . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5 Sample codes used in Table 4 .. .. . . . . ... .. 28 6 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-1; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine - 131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-2; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine - 131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 8 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-3; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine - 131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 9 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-4; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine - 131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 10 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-7; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine - 131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J9 l 11 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-8; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, , and iodine - 131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 12 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at ! Location T-9; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, ) and iodine - 131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

I viii

fndaa%st B i 0 - T E S T la&nalaua. fac. LIST OF TABLES (continued) No. Caption Page 13 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-10; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131 . ... ... .. ... .......... 45 14 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-11; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131 . ...... .. ............. 47 15 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-12; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131 . ... ... ..... .......... 49 16 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-23; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131 . ... ... ... .. .......... 51 17 Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-27; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131 . . .. ........ .......... 53 18 Airborne particulates, monthly average, minima and maxima for gross alpha and gross beta, January-June 1975 ......................... 55 19 Airborne particulates, analyses for 89S r, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, quarterly composites

from indicator and background monitoring locations for January-March and April-June 1975 . . . . . . . . . 58 20 Area monitors-TLD (mrem), monthly, January-June 1975 ........................ 60 21 Area monitors-TLD (mrem), quarterly, January-June 1975 ...................'..... 62 22 Area monitors-TLD (mrem), annually, July 1974-June 1975 ......................... 63 23 Monthly precipitation samples, analyses for gross beta and tritium, January-June 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . 64

ix t l

f+w B I O - T E S T 1.dma/.em( fac. LIST OF TABLES (centinued) No. Caution Page 24 Well water samples, analyses for gross alpha, i gross beta, and tritium, January-June 1975 . . . . . . . 65 25 Well water samples, analyses for 90Sr and gamma-emitting isotopes, January-June 1975 ......... 66 Milk samples, analyses for gross beta, 89sr, 26 90Sr, and gamma-emitt.ing isotopes, January-June 1975 ................'......... 68 27 Milk samples, analyses for calcium, stable potassium, and ratios of pCi90S r/gCa and pCi137Cs/gK, January-June 1975 ......................... 71 28 Milk samples collected weekly at Location T-8; analy s i s fo r I- 131 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 29 Fruit and vegetable samples, anal'fses for gross alpha, gros s beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, J anua ry -June 197 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 30 Beef sample, analyses for gross beta and gamma-emitting isotopes, collected from Peter Farm (T-22,

2. 6 mi SW of plant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 31 Wildlife sample, analyses for gross beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, collected from the vicinity of the site .................... 84 32 Animal feed samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes,

. January-June 1975 .................... 86 33 Soil samples collected 29 May 1975, analyses for gross beta, 90S r, and gamma-emitting isotopes . . . . . 88 34 Treated surface water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium, collected from the Erie Industrial Park (T-10, 6. 5 miles SE of plant) ... 90 l 1 l X

S h BIO-TEST 1 & '" fe LIST OF TABLES (continued) No. Caption Page 35 Treated surface water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium, collected from Port Clinton (T-11, 9. 5 miles SE of plant) ....... 92 ' 36 Treated surface water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium, collected from Toledo water treatment plant (T-12, 23. 5 miles WNW , of plant) ............... .......... 94 37 Treated surface water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium, collected from Unit 1 treated water supply (T-2 8, onsite) . . . . . . . . 96 38 Treated surface water samples, quarterly composites of weekly grab samples, for January-March and April-June 1975, analyses for 90Sr and gamma-emitting isotopes .. . . .. .. ............. 98 39 Untreated surface water samples, monthly composites of weekly grab samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium, January-June 1975 ...... 99 40 Untreated surface water samples, quarterly composites of weekly grab samples, for January-March and April-June 1975, analyses for 90Sr and gamma-emitting isotopes . . . . . . . . ............. 100 41 Fish samples, analyses for gross beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, collected from Lake Erie in the vicinity of site (T-1, site boundary, NE of plant) . . .... . . . . . . .. ............. 102 42 Fish samples, analyses for gross beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, collected from Maumee Bay of Lake Erie, Toledo, Ohio ............. 103 43 Bottom sediment samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes .... 105 Xi

fn4atual B l 0 - T E S T 2k&w Sa I. Introduction Because of the many potential pathways of radiation exposure to man from both natural and man-made sources, it is necessary to document levels of radioactivity and the variability of these levels which exist in an area prior to the anticipated release of any additional radioactive nuclides. To meet this objective, an extensive preoperational environmental radiological monitoring program was initiated by Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. (BIO-TEST) in July 1972 for the Toledo Edison Company in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant site. This program included collection (both onsite and offsite) and radiometric analyses of airborne particulates, airborne iodine, ambient gamma radiation, surface water, ground water, precipitation, soil, bottom sediments , fish, clams , food crops , vegetation, milk, meat, and wildlife. BIO-TEST completed the first two-and-one-half years of preoperational monitoring in January 1975. Results of radiometric analyses of samples collected from January through June 1975 are reported herein. This report, ! together with the previous reports (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. j l 1973a,1973b,1973c,1973d,1974a,1974b, and 1975) will help to establish l I enviromental baseline radiological values prior to operation of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Powe r Plant.

S h B10-TEST.64.w4ma.Se II. Summa ry Results of sample analyses during the period January-June 1975 are presented by quarter in Tables 1 and 2. Monitoring data collected during the period January-June 1975 were similar to data obtained during the same period of 1974 with the exception of the following: Gross alpha activity in airborne particulates during January-June 1975 was approximately one-half the activity reported during the same period of 1974. Gross beta activity in airborne particulates during January- April 1975 was similar to that reported during January- April 1974, but by the end of June 1975, gross beta activity in airborne particulates declined to about one-half the activity in June 1974. Monthly and quarterly measurements had slightly higher averages for January-June 1975 than those for the same period during 1974. d 2

j g slo. TEST M" " III. Methodology The sampling locations for the Preoperational Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant are shown in Figures 1 and 2 and are described in Table 3. The type of samples collected at each location and the frequency of collections are presented in Table 4. The sample codes used in tEs study are presented in Table 5. A. The Atmosoheric Environment

1. Airborne Particulates Airborne particulate samples were collected at a volumetric rate of approximately one cubic foot per minute on 47 mm membrane filters of 0.8 micron porosity. Vacuum air pumps were used. The filters were collected weekly from twelve locations (T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, T-8, T-9, T-10, T-11, T-12, T-23, and T-27), placed in individual glassine protective envelopes, and dispatched by mail to BIO-TEST for radiometric analyses. The filters were counted approximately five days after collection to allow for decay of short-ilved naturally-occurring radionuclides. In order to minimize counting variables, all samples we re counted on the same instrument. The quarterly composites of all air particulate samples from "indicato r" stations (T-1, T-2 T-3, T-4, T-7, and T-8) and of all air particulate samples from " background stations (T-9, T-10, T-11, T-12, T-23, and T-27) were gamma scanned using a Ge(L1) detector and analyzed fo r Sr-89 and Sr-90,

2. Airborne Iodine Each air sampler was equipped with a charcoal trap inline after the filte r holder. The charcoal trap at each location was changed at the same 3

9adadual B i O - T E S T .!a&natoua. Ja .

   <D time as the particulate filters and dispatched to BIO-TEST for analysis. The samples were analyzed for iodine-131 by gamma spectral analysis immediately after arrival at the laboratory.

3. Ambient Gamma Radiation Ambient gamma and beta exposure from natural radiation was measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). Monthly and quarterly TLD's were placed on 6 January 1975 and annual TLD's on 1 July 1974 at eighteen locations (the twelve air sampling locations and Locations T-5, T-6, T-14. T-15 T-24, and T-26). Monthly TLD's were exchanged on 3 February, 3 March, 31 March, 5 May, 7 June, and 7 July 1975. Quarterly TLD's were exchanged on 31 March and 7 July 1975. The annual TLD's were exchanged on 7 July 1975.

Each shipment of TLD's included controls which were stored in a shield at the Plant and returned with the field TLD's after their removal. In-transit exposures were measured by the control TLD's and subtracted from the field TLD measurements to obtain their net exposure.

4. Precipitation Monthly precipitation samples were collected from two locations, onsite (T-1) and Put-In-Bay (T-23). The June sample from T-1 was not available because of dry weather conditions. The samples were analyzed for gross beta activity and tritium.

B. The Te rrestrial Environment

 ,                    1. G roundwate r One-gallon water samples were collected quarterly from wells at 4

                                                                                           *a '

fA W BIO-TEST.! W f* n four locations (T-7, T-17 T-18, and T-27). The gross alpha and gross beta activities were determined on the suspended and dissolved solids of each s ample. The tritium content was determined by direct counting of samples using liquid scintillation techniques. Strontium-90 activity was determined by milking yttrium-90. The samples were also gamma scanned for identification and quantification of gamma-emitting isotopes.

2. Milk One gallon milk samples were collected monthly from three herds that graze within five miles of the Plant site (T-8, T-20, and T-21) and from milk processing plants in Toledo (T-12) and Sandusky (T-24). Ten milliliters of 37% formaldehyde solution were added to each gallon of milk as a preservative before shipment. The samples were analyzed by gamma spectroscopy for I-131, Ba/La-140, Cs-137, and K-40 immediately after receiving them at the laboratory.

      ' The samples from T-8, T-20, and T-24 were also analyzed for I-131 using chemical separation and beta counting. Samplea were also analyzed for Sr-89, Sr-90, gross beta, and for stable calcium and potassium. Beginning in May samples were collected on a weekly basis from T-8 and analyzed for I-131 by chemical separation and beta counting.

3. Fr'lts u and Vegetables Apples and radishes were collected on 27 June 1975 at locations T-8 (Earl Moore Farm) and T-19 (Miller Farm), respectively. The samples were analyzed for gross alpha, gross beta, Sr-90, and gamma-emitting nuclides.

4. Domestic Meat A sample of beef was collected on 29 May 1975 from Peter 5

l

f LA> / B I O - T E 5 T .lc.Jea4w4, le b Farm (T-22). The flesh was separated from the bone and analyzed for gross i beta and gamma-emitting isotopes.

5. Wildlife

                       ' A representative specie of fauna (opposum) was collected from the vicinity of the site on 31 May 1975. The muscle was separated from the bone, gamma scanned, and analyzed for gross beta activity; the bone was analyzed for strontium-90.

6. Animal Feed Samples of both hay and silage were collected at locations T-8 (Earl Moore Farm) and T-21 (Haynes Farm) on 26 March 1975. The samples were analyzed for gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and gamma-emitting nuclide s.

7. Soil Soil samples from three dairy farms (T-8, T-19, and T-20) and one onsite location (T-1) were collected on 29 May 1975. The samples were taken from the top two inches of soil, where vegetation was not growing.

The samples were scanned for gamma-emitting nuclides and were analyzed for gross beta activity and strontium-90. C. The Acuatic Environment

1. Treated Surface Water Weekly grab samples of treated water were collected from four filtration plants (T-10, T-11, T-12, and T-28) and analyzed for gross alpha and gross beta activities in total residue and for tritium. Quarterly composites 6

                     .        hdadual B i O - T E S T la! mal >ua. k were gamma scanned and analyzed for strontium-90.

2. Untreated Surface Water Weekly grab samples of untreated water were collected from Lake Erie at three filtration plants (T-10, T-11, and T-12) and at three onsite locations (T-1, T-2, and T-3). The samples were composited monthly and analyzed for gross alpha and gross beta activities in suspended and dissolved solids, and for tritium. Quarterly composites were gamma scanned and analyzed for strontium-90.

3. Fish .

Three species of fish were collected on 27 May 1975 from Lake Erie in the vicinity of the site and three species were collected on 6 June 1975 from the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie, Toledo, Ohio (as background samples). The muscle was separated from the bone, gamma scanned and analyzed for gross beta activity; the bone was analyzed for strontium-90.

4. Bottom Sediments Bottom sediments were collected on 29 May 1975 from Lake Erie in the vicinity of the site (T-1) and on 24 June 1975 in the vicinity of the intake and discharge areas (T-29 and T-30). The samples were collected approximately 50 feet offshore with the use of an Ekman dredge. The samples were gamma scanned and analyzed for gross alpha, gross beta, and strontium-90 activitie s.

5. Clams Clams were not available during the second quarter .

7

Mudual B I O . T E S T 1hh, Se ,~ IV. Results and Discussion The discussion of the results of data collected during the semi-annual reporting period, January through June 1975, has been divided into three broad catego ries: the air, the terrestrial, and the aquatic environments. Any references made to data collected during previous years for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant refers to data collected by Industrial BIO-TEST Labora-tories , Inc. , unles s states othe rwise in the text. In this report, the mean values are reported with one standard deviation while in previous reports the mean values were reported with two standard deviations. A. The Atmosohe ric Environment Results of weekly measurements of gross alpha and beta activities in air particulate samples are listed in Tables 6-17. Monthly averages of gross alpha and gross beta activities are given in Table 18 and indicate the minimum and maximum values for each location. Weekly activities are presented graphically in Figures 3-14. Gross alpha activity showed no definite trend trhoughout the period but was about a factor of two lower than the activity reported for the same 3 period of 1974 (mean value of 0.0019 pC1/m for all locations as compared to a mean value of 0.0036 pCi/m for all locations in 1974.) Gross beta activity for the first quarte r of 1975 was similar to that during the first quarter of 1974, increased slightly during the first four months, reached a maximum in April, and declined during the rest of the reporting period. Mean gross beta activity for all locations for the second quarter of 1975 was lower by approximately a 8

fadadual B l 0 - T E S T la!makaa. Ja 2 factor of two than the activity reported for the second quarter of 1974 (0.142 pCi/m 3 in 1975 as compared to 0.283 pCi/m in 1974). There was little variation in gross alpha and gross beta activities among all sampling locations. The results of gamma-spectroscopic and radiostrontium analyses for quarterly composited samples from indicator and background locations are presented in Table 19. A representative Ge(Li) detector gamma- ray spectrum of composited samples from all indicator locations during the firs *t quarter is presented in Figure 15. Beryllium-7, which is produced continuously in the upper atmosphere by cosmic ray interaction (Arnold and Al-Salih 1955) was the predominant gamma-emitting radionuclide in indicator and background 3 samples, ranging from 0.120 pCi/m to 0.159 pCi/m for the first two quarters, 3 and was similar to that reported for the same period in 1974 ( range 0.102 pCi/m to 0.158 pCi/m3 ). Some additional beta and gamma activity was due to fission and neutron activation products resulting from nuclear detonations (Russell and Bruce 1969). No marked difference in the level of gamma-emitting radionuclides was observed between indicator and background locations during the first two quarters of 1975. Annual TLD measurements ranged from 38.0 mrem (T-2) to 67.5 mrem (T-14) for the period July 1974 - June 1975 and were similar to those reported for July 1973 - June 1974 (range 37.0 mrem to 67.6 mrem). Readings averaged lower at locations T-1, T-2, and T-3, which is probably due to low radionuclide content in the sandy soil which surrounds these locations, as evidenced by the soil sample values. The results of precipitation anaylses are listed in Table 23. G ros s 9

f h BIO-TE5T 1 h f,e. e i beta activity in precipitation was lower than during the same period in 1974. Tritium activity in rain water was also slightly lower than during the same period in 1974 (mean value of 0.28 pCi/mi in 1975 as compared to mean value of 0. 37 pct /ml in 1974). Values of radiostrontium activities for the first two quarters in 1975 were also similar to those reported for the same period in 1974. Weekly levels of airborne I-131 were below the minimum level of detection (0. 02 pCi/m3) at all iocations (Tables 6-17). Ambient gamma radiation levels as measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) are presented in Tables 20-22. Monthly and quarterly TLD measurements averaged higher for this reporting period as compared to those for the same period in 1974 (26.7 mrem for January-June 1975 as compared to 21.2 mrem for January-June 1974) but was sirnilar to that reported for January-June 1973 (26. O mrem). B. The Terrestrial Environment The results of well water analyses are presented in Tables 24 and 25. Gross alpha and gross beta activities had the following ranges (in pCi/1): Aloha Beta Minimum Maximum . Minimum Maximum Suspended solids < 0.1 < 0. 4 < 0.1 0.22 Dissolved solids < 0. 5 < 6. 7 1.58 14,39 Total residue < 0. 6 < 6. 8 1.72 14.56

            ' Gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium activities were similar to those measured during January through June 1974. Gross beta activity in dissolved             ,

solids in the sample collected from T-27 during January 1975 was higher than 10

SA^ul Bi0-TEST.6/w/*ua, A n s in water collected from other wells and was similar in activity to that collected in January 1974 from the same well. Gamma analysis of the sample showed an elevated level of potassium-40 which would account for the higher gross beta activity (Footnote b, Table 25). No gamma-emitting isotopes were detected above background level in any of the other samples. Strontium-90 and tritium activities were similar to those obtained during the same period in 1973 and 1974. A representative gamma-ray spectrum of well water is presented in Figure 16. The results of milk analyses are presented in Tables 26-28 and in Figures 17-21. Strontium-89, iodine-131, and barium-140 activities were below detection limits in all samples. Gross beta activity ranged from 657 pCi/1 to 1183 pC1/1 and was similar to that measured in samples collected during the same period in 1974. Strontium-90 activity was also similar to the activity in samples collected from January through June 1974 (Figures 17-21), ranging from 1. 08 pCi/1 to 4. 56 pC1/1. A representative gamma-ray spectrum of a milk sample is presented in Figure 22. Cesium-137 and potassium-40 activities ranged from 2. 70 pCi/1 to 5. 98 pC1/1 and from 1070 pCL/1 to 1313 pCi/1, respectively. Ce sium- 137 activity was higher while potassium-40 activity was similar to that measured during the same period in 1974. Due to the chemical similarities between strontium and calcium, i

i and cesium and potassium, organisms tend to deposit cesium-137 in the soft tissue and muscle and strontium-89 and -90 in the bones. Consequently, the 11 i

fodadual 8 i O - T E S T 2dosateu*t. 9,w. r ratios of strontium-90 activity to the weight of calcium in milk and cesium-317 activity to the weight of potassium in milk were determined in order to estimate the potential accumulation of these radionuclides. The normal concentrations of calcium and potassium in milk are relatively constant, averaging 1.16:0. 08 g/l for calcium and 1.5 0.21 g /1 for potassium (National Center for Radiological Health 1968). As a result of their metabolic similarities, a change in the ratio - of stronti~um ,90 to calcium or cesium-137 to potassium would indicate an altered environmental concentration of these isotopes. The ratios of strontium-90 to calcium during the first half of 1975 90 90 ranged from 1.03 pCi Sr/gCa at location T-8 to 4.30 pCL Sr/gCa at location T-12 and were essentially the same as during the first half of 1974. Ratios I of cesium-137 activity to potassium ranged from 1.52 pCI Cs/gK at 13 7 location T-24 to 5.40 pCi Cs/gK at location T-8 and were slightly higher 13 7 i

than values reported during the first half of 1974 (range <2.20 pCi Cs/gK to 4.45 pCi 137 Cs/gK). Results of analyses of fruits and vegetables are presented in Table 29, and a gamma-ray spectrum of radishes is presented in Figure 23. Gross alpha l and iodine-131 activity was below the limits of detection in both samples. Gross

l ;

beta activity in apples and radishes was 1.25 pCi/g-wet weight and 3.31 pCi/g-

  ,        wet weight, respectively. S trontium-90 activity in apples and radishes was             l l

0.004 pCi/g-wet weight and 0.003 pCi/g-wet weight, respectively, and was j slightly lower than the average strontium-90 activity (0.007 pCi/g-wet weight) s in rhubarb and onion samples collected in May 1974. i 4 12 l

! l

9mbalual B l 0 - T E S T P-+" fac. e

Gamma spectroscopic analyses of the samples indicated that the predominant gamma-emitting radionuclide in vegetables was naturally occurring potas sium-40. Results of analyses of a domestic meat (beef) sample are presented in Table 30 with the gamma-ray spectrum of the sample shown in Figure 24. Gross beta, cesium-137, and potassium-40 activities (2. 25 pCi/g-wet weight,

0. 009 pCi/g-wet weight, and 3. 0 pCi/g-wet weight, respectively) were similar to those found in a sample collected in April 1974 (1.84 pCi/g-wet weight, O. 004 pCi/g-wet weight, and 2. 8 pCi/g-wet weight, re spectively).

The results of analyses of a wildlife (opossum) sample are presented in Table 31. A gamma-ray spectrum of opossum flesh is presented in Figure 25. Gross beta, cesium-137, and potassium-40 activities in flesh and strontium-90 in bone were similar to those found in opossum collected in April 1974. Results of the analyses on cattle feed samples are presented in Table 32. Gross alpha and 'oeta activities, based on dry weight, ranged from less than 0.2 pCi/g to 4. 7 pct /g and from 6.4 pC1/g to 17. 9 pCi/g, respectively. Strontium-90 activity ranged from O. 04 pCi/g dry weight to 0.29 pCi/g dry weight. Analyses of gamma-emitting isotopes indicated that most of the activity was due to naturally-occurring potassium-40. Trace quantities of cesium-137 were present in most samples. All other gamma-emitting isotopes were below the minimum detection levels. A typical gamma-ray spectrum of cattle feed is shown in Figure 26. Results of analyses of soil samples are presented in Table 33 and a l 13 1

f L/ s/ BIO-TEST 144 " fe s gamma-ray spectrum of soil is presented in Figure 27. Gross beta activity, ranging from 12. 4 pC1/g to 32. O pC1/g dry weight, was similar to the activity in samples co'lected during the same period of 1974 (ranging from 14.2 pCi/g to 26.1 pCi/g dry weight). Strontium-90 activity of samples collected at locations T-8, T-19, and T-20 during 1975 (O. 43 pCi/g, 0. 32 pCi/g, and O. 38 pCi/g dry' weight, respectively) was higher than in samples from the same locations collected during the same period in 1974 (0.26 pCi/g, O.19 pC1/g, and 0.16 pCi/g dry weight, respectively). Cesium-137 and potassium-40 activities in samples collected during the first half of 1975 were similar to those in samples collected during the same period in 1974. C. The Acuatic Environment The results of analyses of surface water samples are given in Tables 34-40 and graphically presented in Figures 28-31. Alpha activity of treated surface water samples ranged from <0.12 pCi/1 to 0. 89 pCi/1; beta activity ranged from 1. 02 pCi/1 to 3. 74 pCi/1. Gross beta activity at the Toledo Water Treatment Plant (T-12) was slightly lower than at locations T-10 and T-11 (with a six-month average of 1. 73 pCi/1 at T-12 versus 2. 49 pC1/1 at T-10 and 2. 58 pCi/1 at T-11). Tritium activities were relatively uniform for all samples and ranged from 0.10 pCi/ml to 0. 58 pC1/ml. Strontium-90 activity in quarterly composites was below the limits of detection in all but two samples (T-10 and T-28 from April through June). No gamma-emitting isotopes were ! I detected above background levels. No seasonal variations were observed for

l treated surface water activities (Figures 28-31). 14

khalual B i O - T E 5 T .!almahua. .ke. Untreated surface water samples were analyzed for gross alpha and gross beta in suspended solids, dissolved solids, and total residue. Ranges of activities were as follows (pCi/1): Alpha Beta Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Suspended solids <0. 01 1.58 <0.24 3.10 Dissolved solids <0.23 1.63 1.04 3.92 Total residue <0.38 2.87 1.86 7.02 Tritium activity in these samples was similar to that in treated water samples, ranging from <0.20 pCi/1 to 0.59 pCi/1. Strontium-90 activity in quarterly composites ranged from 0.50 pCi/1 to 1.19 pCi/1 and was slightly lower at locations T-1 and T-12. No gamma-emitting radionuclides were detected above the background level as is shown in the gamma-ray spectrum of an untreated surface water sample (Figure 32). Three species of fish wer obtained from Lake Erie in the vicinity of the site and three species were obtained from the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie. Gross beta and potassium-40 activities in the fish muscle were similar in all samples, averaging 2.8 pCi/g and 2.5 pCi/g-wet weight, respectively. Ce s ium-137 activity in the fish muscle ranged from 0.009 pCi/g-wet weight in gizzard shad to 0.019 pCi/g-wet weight in perch. Strontium-90 activity in the fish bones ranged from 0.36 pCi/g-dry weight in gizzard shad to 1.09 pCi/g in carp. 1 Fish samples collected and analyzed between January and June 1975 had 1 activities which were similar to those found in fish samples collected during the same period in 1974. Tables 41 and 42 contain the results of fish sample analyses and Figure 33 is a gamma-ray spectrum of a sample of carp muscle. 15

f=4atual B I O - T E S T ladeia6:es, fe t-

Gross alpha activity was below the limit of detection in bottom sediment samples collected at locations T-1, T-29, and T-30. The gross beta activity was lower at location T-1 (12.8 pC1/g-dry weight) than at locations T-29 and T-30 (18.6 pCi/g and 20.1 pCi/g-dry weight, re spectively). The results are similar to those found in samples collected during the same period in 1974. Strontium-90 activity ranged from <0.15 pCi/g to 0.21 pCi/g-dry weight. Cesium-137 and potassium-40 activities were lower at location T-1 than at locations T-29 and T-30. A representative gamma-ray spectrum of a bottom sediment sample is presented in Figure 34. Results of bottom sediment analyses are provided in Table 43. l l 1 i

i 16

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t r st r e ~t 3 0 _8. t. 44 00 t oiir 3 00 9 5 a m Ngtuh a I 222332222222 t. 54 a 8 o0 7 9 wer a n e u q I

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Table }. (continued) Penarttar Perlede Januarv-March 1975 % Fe elllt y: Davie-Besee NPP Deeltet No. : 50-346 I Sample and collection Averare Owarterly st eewit,c Fre erne aev /Tn.e* l ec ettenb 16*9 pCl/ml groes al taa gtgesinta .N3 , 0.4740.05 2.53so.46 350al00 Treated sistface water (B) T-lo. 6. 5 ml SE 2.5840.36 300a70 (D rtaktag) (D) T-II. Bl.5 mt SE <0.77 40.66 1.75a0.36 290aI00 W/G (B) T-12, 2 3. 5 mt WNW 330a90 0.4640.15 2.44 0.33 (1) T-25. Unit I water owpply Sr-90 co-337

                                                                                                                < 0. 5                                          < 3. 7 O/Co                          (n) T-lo. 6.5 mt SE                                                  < 0. 5                                          < 3. 7
           .                               (D) T-11.14. 5 nit SE                                                                                                < 3. 7 (D) 7-12. 23. 5 mL WNW                                               40.5
                                                                                                                < 0. 5                                          < 3. 7 (I) T-28. Unit I water supply i                                                                                                                                     10*9 eCl/rnt                                                               g3 l                                                                                __arosealche                                          gr.oge hets                                      Il- 3                   .

5.26al.62 220:40

Untreated surface water (I) T-l. 0.6 mt NC I.97at.27 3.37a0.95 290460 0

T-2, 0. 9 mt E 0. 66 ao. 3 4 8 W/G-El/Ce (1)

3. 2 4 a l . 36 21030

 *                                          (I)   T-3. 8 4. mt SE                    1.00ao.65                                                                                                                   d

0. 8 4 e 0. 2 3 3.90ml.22 . 2 50a20 (D) T-80. 6.5 mt SE 4.08al.47 270 50 in

       -                                    (D) T-II. 9. 5 ml SE                     I.34:0.35 3.95a0.47                                          3.8 val.le                                     3304143                   g M'                                   (B) T-21, 2 3. 5 ml WNW Sr-90                                          Co.137 0.65ao.21                                           < 3. 7 Q/Co                          (I) T-1, 0. 6 mt NE                                                        lueufficlemt sample else for analyste (I) T-2, 0. 9 mi E                                                         laevillctent eseng.le else for analyele (1) T-3. I. 4 mt SC (B) T-I O, 6. 5 mt SE                                            0.66ao.24                                           < 3. 7 0.73:0.23                                           < 3. 7 (D) T-ll, 9. 5 ent SE (B) T-12, 2 3. 5 mt WNW                                           0. 50a0. 2 3                                       < 3. 7                                             ,

10*9p Ct /ml eroes alpha grose t. eta $r-90 Co-8 37. 11- 3 % 40.6 2.84so.39 < 0. 5 < 3. 7 4300 Welt weter (I) T-7. 0. 9 mt NNW 250a280 T-17. 0. 7 ent SW cl.0 2.35a0.63 40.5 < 3. 7 Q/G (1) 4.3ta).90 < 0. 5 < 3. 7 <300 (D) T-18,1.3 nd S < 6. 8

                                                                                         < 3. 5             14.56a0.33                      40.5                 < 3. 7                 < 300 (D) T-27. 5. 3 mt WNW 10*9pCl/ml                                                 l e-6 ,C1/m2 gr_o2g beta                 11- 3                                        gag Im 35.2419.0                 3toa50                                          930a585 Proctpttation                 (I) T-l. 0.6 mt N E                                                                                               34854563 67.4a49.2                 350a50 M/C                            (D) T-23.14. 3 mt ENE 10-9 p Cl /ml grose beta         1-ill             Sr-89               Sr-90       Da-140          Cs-137              K-40 T-8. 3.2 m6 WSW                    1062s22            < 0. 5            40.5             1.26 0.28      < 3. 7        3.81:0.72         1267a39 killk                          (1) 978s21           43.2              40.5             4.04a0.52      < 3. 7        4. 49ao. 2 3      527sa33 M/G                            (D) T-12. 23.5 mt WNW                                                                                        < 3. 7        4.03at.64          Il93a24 987a65           40.5              < 0. 5           1. 35 ao.14 (D) T-20. 5. 4 ent SSE                                                                                                     3.79 0.36          1852 21 (D) T-21, 3.6 mt SSW                      91681            < 3. 2            < 0. 5           3. 76 a 0. 2 5  < 3. 7                                                      e (u) T-2 4, 2 4. 9 mt SE                   966a76           < 0. 5            < 0. 5           2.91 0.42       < 3. 7       3.94a0.54          1244a39 i

I h

I

Tableele (continued) v r.eniev, o.wie-Besee NPP Deckat Na. t 50-346 Reparttar Perteds Jeavery-March 1975 N Sarrpte and collection Frecuenev/Tvoca 1.oc at t aa* Averate Quarterly Peenttet 10*3p Ct /k e -wet gme beta _ Co-937 K-40 Meat (B) T-22, 2.6 mi SW Not required thte quarter SA/G 10-3pCl- b r -d r y aro=, alpha a rnes t eta pg Sr-90 Co-I37 K-40 vegetables and frette (1) T - 8, 2.7mt WSW {, SA/C (B) T-19, 3.7 mt 5 Not required thee quarter 6 (I) T-2 5, I. 3 mi S l 10-9p Ct /mi arose #ilpha reoes bete I-831 St-90 Co-137 K-40 Grape junce (B) T-16.15. 3 mt ENE Not required thte quarter g3 A/G == 10-3pCl/be-.frv e groes algAJ r ro,e beta SW Co-9 37 K-40 Animal feed (!) T-8, 2.7 mt WSW (ellage) < 0.16 6.4a0.3, 0.04ac.08 0.04a0,03 6. 4 a 0. 6 d (3) T-8, 2.7 mt WSW they) 0.2 tao.02 ft1

   $   SA/G (D) T-21, 3.6 mt SSW (etlage)
                                                                             < 0. 3 3

4. 7s t. 3

13. 9 a4. 5

6. 0 a 0. 7 0.29ao.04 0.08 0.03

                                                                                                                                            <0.05

13. 3so. 7

4. 3 a 0. 9 grb l (B) T-21, 3.6 mt Ssw they) < 0. 3 17. 9 a0. 8 0.25a0.02 0. 8 6a0. 05 16.2 al. 3 g 10-3 s.C6 /b e-d ry crose at h eroes beta Sr-90 Co-137 K-40 Sma rtweed (t) Victetty of ette Not required it.Le quarter 10*3pC6/be-dry grose t eta pr-90 Co-l37 g -e, Sott (1) T-8. 0.6 ml NE k SA/G (I) T-4. 2.7 mt WSW (B) T-19, 3.7 mt S ** **9"I'* *'I'9"****'

(B) T -2 0. 5. 4 mt SSE lo'3uCt/ba-Jrv gnge_elght arcos beta Sr-90 Co-137 M Bottom eedtmente (1) T-l. 0.6 mt NE TA/G (!) T-19. 3. 5 mt NE Not required thle quarter (!) T-30. 0. 9 mt ENE 80-3 MCI /b e-wet (fleshi 10-3pCIIn a-d ry (bonee) arose beta Ce-137 K-40 g Wtiditie (!) Victatty of alte Not required thee quarter SA/G . 10*3d/ka-wet (fleshi 10-3uCt/hr-etry (baneel arose beto co-t37 60 3r-90 Waterfowl (1) Victatty of site Not required thle quarter A/G

e

                                                                                                                   ^                                                         w ,

t

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ,e 3

Table 1. (Continued) Eng!Iltvr Dav!g-Besse tfPP Docket ife. 50-346 Reportlar Perledi Jannery-March 1975 Sample and collection

                 ,                                  Fremiency/Tveen                                I acatlanh                                                        Averere Ooe rterly D eente se
                 ~

O 10-3 a.C1/br-wet (neebl 10-3m Ct /br-.lgy Ibane) cross tieta Co-117 K-40 Sr-94 Flah (I) Lake Erle, vicinity of alte O/G (!) T-3. I. 4 ml SE Not required thte quarter in-3 .rs J bg-wet Clems (D) T-l 0.6 mi taE 51*2L.1.113 Etll? M Not regelred al.le quarter TA/O ;, l1

Frequency W. weekly. kl.klonthly. Q-Quarterly. SA-Semi-sanually, TA-Three times a year. A-Annually. Types C-Greb C-Continueue. P. Proportional.

Co-Composite. I-Integrating. b Locetton I Indicator. D-Dechground; distance and direction are given from station. C3

Resulte given are the me a a standard deviation for weekly and monthly analysee. Results of quarterly, semi-annual. and annual analyses are reported evith the counting error at the 957. congsdence level. Lees than (<) values stvra are the highest less than values for ti e reporttag period.

Q e d m 6 y

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                                                                                                                                                                         ;       _       .
                                                                                                                                                                                           \, .

Tabic 2. Radioactivity in environmental samples. April-June 1975. Teet11tyr De d e-fkese NPP Dockat No. t 50 346 p.sortice 7 erto4: Aoril-June 1975 Sample and collect 6en % Fre neacr/ Tyre

Locatio b A,,rne, overtert, a settee Afonthly TLD*e Quarterly TLD*e Annual TLD*e (m r am /w a rte r! Im ra mha rt e r) gem tve e rt External radtatloa. (1) T-l. 0. 6 ml NE 9. 348. 3 9.3al.3 38. 7a 3. 6

     ' TLD* e                       (I)  T-2. 0.9 ml E                           80.3el.5                                           9. 8 a l. 0                            3 8. c a ). 2 El/I,O/1. All                (1)  T-3. 3. 4 ml SE                         13. c a l. 9                                       9. 3 s t.1                             3 7. 7a 3. 8                    a (1)  T-4. O.O mlS                            15. 9 a l. 7                                     13.7al.2                                 52.8a4.6 (1)  7-5. 0.25 ml W                          16.2al.7                                         I 4. L a t. 7                            61.1 5.2 (1)  7-6. 0.6 mR N W                         I 4. 8 a l . 8                                   12. l a t. 3                             54.4a5.8 (I) T-7. 0.9 ml NNW                          I4. Sal 9                                        lI. 6al. 4                               4 7. 0 a 4. 6

(!) T.S. 2.7 mt WSW 16. l a2. 0 14. la t. 3 57.ea5.1 (D) T-9. 6. 8 ml SW (B) T-lo. 6.5 mi SE l l. 5 a l.1 9. 7a l. 4 38. 4 a 3. 8 { 16.2a2.0 82. Ba t. 7 S t. 0 a 4. 4 (D) T-II.1. 5 mi SE 14.7a2.0 32.6al.2 41.3a4.9 (D) 7-12, 2 3. 5 ml WNW 15. 6a l. 8 14. l a t. 5 5 7. 0a 5. 3 g (RI T-3 4, 3.8 ml WSW 17. 7 a l . 6 16. 3a l. 6

   -                                                                                                                                                                       67. S a 5. 9            _

(D) T-15, 6.6 nil SSE 15.Ca2.3 13. 7e l.1 60. Sa $. 0 (D) T-2 3.14. 3 ml ENE (D) T-2 4. 2 4. 9 rnt SE IZ. ga l. 6 I6.7a2.3 II. 3al.9 47.0a4.4 O i 35.368.4 6 5. 6a l.1 a ' (D) T-26, 35. I mt SW 18. ce 2. 8 5 5. 3 a l . 8 59.6a5.5 M (D) T-27. 5. 3 mt WNW. 13. 7a 3. 0 13. 4 a l. 3 52. l a 5. 3 FT1 10-34gCI/cc e rce, alpha gross bete 1 111 . Futrable steborne (1) T-l. 0. 6 ml NE 0.19 a o. no 13. B a4. 3 <2 particulates and . (Il T-2, 0. 9 mt E 0.21 0.08 15. l a 6. 4 <2 charcoal (1) T - 3. 1. 4 ml S E O.16 a 0. 06 3 2, 7a 6. 6 W/C <2 (1) T-4. O. 8 ml 5 0.15a 0. 0 4 13.1a5.5 <2 (1) T-7. 0.9 mt NNW 0.22:0.07 3 4. ca5. 6 42 (1) T-8 2.7 ml WSW 0. 2 3 a0. 0 7 14. 0 a 5. 9 (B) T.9, 6. 8 mi SW

                                                                                                                                                                                <2 0.22:0,06                                         17.2a9.6                                      <2                     -

(D) T-lo. 6. 5 nil SE 0.17 a 0. 06 8 3. 8 a 5. 7 <2 - (D) T-II 9.5 ml SE 0. 2 0 a o. 0 7 15. 4 a s. 4 (D) T-12, 2 3. 5 mt WNW <2 0.22eo.07 14.5a5.4 <2 (D) T-2 3.14. 3 ml ENE 0.16 0.04 82. 8 a 5. 0 <2 (D) T-2 7, 5. 3 mi WNW 0.19a o. 05 14.1a 6.1 <2 Q/Co Srd Ce-144 C. 141 &7 pu-303 Compoente of bacbground locatione 0. I 4 a o. 01 2. 8 a0. I < 0. I 15.1a0. 6 0. l a o.1 Compoente ol indicator locatlone 0.13 a 0. 01 2. 6 a0.1 0. 2 a0.1 8 3. 7a 0. 6 0. l a 0. 8 , Re-106 Co .137 Z r.-1,5 Nb-95 Sr.89 Compoette of background locattens 3. 3 a o. l 0. 3 t a0. 2 4 0. 7a 0. I l. 5 a0. ! 0. 2 6a o. 02 Compostte el lmItenter locations 1. l s o.1 0.30ao.CZ 0. 6a0. 8 , 1. 4a 0. 6 0.22a0.02

                                             ,                                                                                                                                                     .s

Table 2. (Continued) Renortine Period Aortl-3 ce 1975 Dacket No. : 50-346 1*actitrvr Davie-Besee NPP Aversre Quarterly Reewits< Sample and collectlea Inc atlocl> l'requenew /Tyn ea . 10-9pCl/mi {{-},, Lloon beta 3toallo S E228._fiPh t. 2.45a0.35 0.s9an,ft 29 Cal 30 (D) T-lo. 6.5 ml SE 2.57ao.49 320:120 Treated surlace water . 0.4740.12 1.7Bao.25 (D) T-il,13. 5 n.l SE 0.30ao.04 380s120 (DrtnMeg) in) T-12, 23. 5 nel WNW 2.3640.53 W /G 0.4340.27 (I) T-28. Unit I water supply Fr-?O So-l E = 0.64a0.27

                                                                                                                                                                < 3. 7
                                                                                                                                                                < 3. 7                                              k p

Q/Co (D) T-lo. 6.5 rnt SE (b) T-il,11.5 ml SE (D) T-l2, 2 3.5 ml WNW

                                                                                                                   < 0. 5
                                                                                                                   <0.5 0.7740.29
                                                                                                                                                                < 3. 7
                                                                                                                                                                < 3. 7                                              ('

(1) T-28. Untt I water e apply gg 10 9 pCl/ml li j m e r >es beto gruse a1gkg 3.0849.78 350a70 340s60 0

4. 4 3 a 0. 6 4 Untreated surface water (1) T.I. 0. 6 ml NE 1.0940.49 3404800 **4

(!) T-2, 0. 9 mi E 2.90a0.90 4504140 W/G-M/Co 3.56ao.37 3.19aa.40 FIS (1) T-3. l. 4 ml SE I.52ao.58 190a30 (ll) T-lo. 6.5 :nl SE l. 50a o. 8 4 3.5440.59 300a40 m

 !                                       (D) T-il. 9.5 nd SE                                                                                3.07se.39 0.5840.43
,j   w                                   (D) T-12. 23. 5 ml WNW                                                                                                  C -117 N
-l                                                                                                                   S 2.-Ja 0.75a0.35
                                                                                                                                                                  < 3. 7
                                                                                                                                                                  <3.7 (1) T-l. 0. 6 ml NE                                                     1.1940.25 Q/Co                                                                                                                                                    < 3. 7                                                *

(1) 7-2. 0.9 ml E 0. 8 3 a 0. 2 4

4. 9 a 0. 6 (1) T-3. l. 4 ml SE 0. 73a0. 2 3 3.941.4 ID) T-lo. 6. 5 ml SE 0. 72 a u. 2 4 < 3, 7 (B) T-ll 9.5 ant SE 0.70a0.36 *

(u) T-12, 23. 5 seal WNW 10-9 pCl/ml gronW 3r-90 Co-1}} R

                                                                                      .nrose alpla                                                                 < 3. 7                     150a100 3.35a0.58                  8.32 0.47                                       160a100 40.7                                              0.78af.33            < 3. 7 (1)     T-7. 0.9 ml NNW                         2.240.8                 1.72au.43                                       < 3. 7                      <100 Well wate r O/G                              (I) T-17. 0,7 ml SW                             < 3. 4                 3.96s2.16                     < 0. 5

4. 2 a l. 0 <l00 4.lBal.83 < 0. 5 (b) T l8. l. 3 nst S < 2. 9 (D) T-27, 5. 3 int WNW 10*6pCl /m2 10

9 ,.Cl /ml gross hete groes hets &} 372allt 45.7432.8 1708320 957a548 Precipitallen (1) T-l 0.6 ml NE 53.9a47.2 300al30 s bl/C (D) T-23,14. 3 ml ENC 10*T pCl/ml M-40 Ba-140 Co-837 gre.. . t.. t a ML 3r-89 M0 < 3. 7 5.19st.26 1253s24

                                                                                                               < 0. 5             < 0. 5          1.99ao.38                                      1263a46 102Bal04 40.5            3.65ao.89   < 3. 7          5.41al.19 (1)    T-8. 2.7 ml WSW                        lbl4al22            43.2                                            < 3. 7         4.79al.48          1897e24 Milk                             (b) T-12, 23. 5 ml WNW                                            < 0. 5             < 0. 5          8.8740.36                                      1834e56 kl/G                              (D) T-20, 5. 4 aul $5E 93742                                 40.5             1.4710.36   43.7           4.41st.51 902a73             < 3. 2                                          < 3. 7         3.4063.39           1273a2 4
             *                                (b) T-21, 3.6 ml ShW                                             40.5               40.5            2.29ao.46 m2 mal 48 (ll) T-2 4, 24.9 ent sE
                                                                                                  ....n_                 -. --~

T I l l [ Table '2. (continued) Fa cility; Davt e-Beeer NPP' Docket Na. e 50-346 Resortine Period Aertl-June 1975 Sample and collection N T ree-sency /Troen 1.eest tenb Avogene Owarterly Reevitse 10-3m Ct /b e -w et a ernee beta Eleat (D) T-22, 2.6 mt SW 2. 25 a 0. 0 7 Co - 137 0.009 0.002 h

3. 0a o. 7 SA/G IO*Iu t.*l /b e-elev Vegetables and frutta (11 T-8, 2.7 c.nt WSW (apptee) trose alrAa grose beta M St-90 Co-137 M 40.13 10. 6a0. 3 < 0. 05 0.03a0.05 0.04 0.02 18. 5 a0. 5 glk SA/G (D) T-19. 3.7 mt S (raJtehes) <0.70

(!) 7-25. l.3 mt5

60. 4 a2. 0 < 0. 2 4 0. 06a0. 02 < 0. 22 78.0a3.2 :

b 9 Samples not avallat.le 10*99C1/mi ( graae ettA a I-131 Grape jetc. (D) 7 16.15.3 ml Er4E graee leta !! .20 Cd M NL required stile quarter gy A/G om 30-3pCl/>c-.1,, O e rase alpha groes beta gr-20 Co 13} g-49 e Animal reed (1) T-8. 2.1 ml WSW Net required thte quarter *4 SA/G N Fft u 10- 3 p Ciftg-dry M groes alrAn groes beta S r-9a Co-137 K-4 0 Sena rtwee d (1) Vistatty of alte Nt regelred tkle quarter . A/G 19*3p Cl / b a -d ry gme beta Sr-30 Co-437 K-40 Soll (1) T-l. 0. 6 mt NE 12.4el.9

                                                                                                                                                     <0.15 SA/G 0.08 0.01                     18.130.3

(!! T-8. 2.7 mt WSW 32. 0m l. 4 0. 4 3a o. 2 0 0.51a0.03 (B) T-19, 3.7 ml S 2 3. 8 a l . 7 0. 3. 0.28 0.4240.02 22.2ao.5 18.440.4 k (13) T-2 0, 5. 4 mt SS E 2 5. 8 a l . 8 0.38:0.21 4 0.4 a0.04 2 8. 4 a0. 8 10*3aCl/br-dry gme eti.ha e roe s bet a Sr-90 Co -8 37 Bottom eedimente (Il T-l. O. 6 ml NE <2.5 12. 8 a l . 9 8 TA/G

0. 2 3 a 0.18 0.04:0.08 12.2a0.3 (1) T-19.15. rnt NE < 3. 8 18. 6 al. 0 <0. 2 0 0.04:0.03 16.230.7 (1) T-30. 0.9 mt Et4E < 3. 8 2 0. l a 2. 8 < 0.15 0.08:0.03 16.240.8 10 - 3 . CI Isc.wettneehi l e-3 C1/6 e-.f rv "'aa-d Wl1411te Ers3thrie Co-137 M Ed

(!) Victetty of ette (opossem) 2. l a 0.1 0.0184u.004 2.03*0.01 0.68ao.84 SA/G 10*IuCl/tg: wet (fleetil 10*3mCE /n e-dev O meet araos het a Co-137 b' 43 grd W at e rfes t (1) Vicletty of alte A/G Not required th&e gearter

                                                                                                                                                                                                  -m 9                   .
                                                                                                                                                                                          .   -s I

j . - Table 2 (Continued) - T e etlit re Dade-heee NPP Decket No. i 50-344 Seperttne Periedr April-June 1975 Sample as.4 tottection I*recuenev/T m

1Ac attenb A,,rer, Qua rte tty P e s=1:sc 90-3 pct /b a -wet l'1e en t 10-3p Cl /b e -d ry f1** eel
gr.e_e_ e b3e Cody K-40 Floh (!) T-1, O. 6 mt NC (perch) 2. Ta o. I 3r-90 8.01610.004 2. 940. t 0.64a0.33 Q/G (I) 7-5, 0,6 mt NE (cerp) 2. l a 0. 3 0.08040.000 2. 34 0. 8 3. 09 a0. IZ (18' T-1, 0. 6 mt HE (glasard eked) 2.4aa.t 0.009:0.c07 2, 3s e. 2 0,4gso 09 (til keseesee. Day 8 8.=lvee-whete) 2.-140.1 0.06140.004 2.660.8 (BI klawneee Day (perch) 0. 02 se. 0 8 (=ett

2. c ao. t 0.019ae.0G& 2.4a0.2 0.7210.II (D) bl eme. Day (stasard shadt 3. 9a0. 2 0.08240.001 2. 4 a0. I 8.3640.09 10*3a t'l /b e -wet Clame (B) T-1, 0,6 mt NE fro.e beta SWJ K-40 l O/G sample n t avaltable '

f O3

Frequencys W-weehty,14-Etoothly, Q-Quarterly SA-Semi-annually TA-Three times a year. A-AmmeatlF. TFPes G-Grab C-Coettauews, P.Propostloaal, Co-Compostle, 3.lateg rattag, b

1.ocallcas I Indleator D-packg rensaJ; distance and directtee are gives fr a et.tlen. a N

Beaults given arewerer with the comattag the resea.

et thea96sta=Jard Jewiation confidence levet. tur weekly and mooskly analyses. Results of qssarterly, semi-ammeal and anneal analyses are reported "i

         .S*                                                              Less tham (<l estues given are the htsheet tese than valmes for the reportlag period.                                           8T1
                                                                                                                                                                                                          &n
                                                                                                                                                                                                         -4 k.

c E D 9 t

1 9dadual S l O - T E S T JM. fe i Table 3. Sampling locations, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant. Type of Code Locationa Location T-1 I Site boundary, O. 6 miles NE of plant, near intake canal. T-2 - I Site boundary, 0. 9 miles E of plant. T-3 I Site boundary,1. 4 miles SE of plant, near Toussaint River and storm drain. T-4 I Site boundary, O. 8 miles S of plant, near Locust Point and Toussaint River. T-5 I Main entrance to site, 0. 25 miles W of plant. T-6 I Site boundary, 0. 6 miles NW of plant. T-7 I Sand-Beach, 0. 9 miles NNW of plant. b T-8 I Earl Moore Farm, 2.7 miles WSW of plant. T-9 B Oak Harbor, 6. 8 miles SW of plant. T - 10 B Erie Industrial Park, 6. 5 miles SE of plant. T-11 B Port Clinton, 9. 5 miles SE of plant. T - 12 B Toledo, 23. 5 miles WNW of plant. T-14 B Township school, 3. 8 miles WSW of plant. T-15 B Lacarne, 6. 6 miles SSE~ of plant. T-16 B Put-In-Bay winery,15. 3 miles ENE of plant. T-17 I Irv Fick's well onsite, 0. 7 miles SW of plant. T-18 B Hess Sunoco Garage, 1. 3 miles S of plant, Route 2 T-19 B Miller Farm, 3. 7 miles S of plant. 25 l

9.dudaal B l 0 - T E S T Ada&. Ja \ Table 3. (continued) Type of Code Location Location T-20 B Daup Farm, 5. 4 miles SSE of plant. T-21 B Haynes Farm, 3. 6 miles SSW of plant. T-22 B Peter Farm, 2. 6 miles SW of plant. T-2 3 B Put-In-Bay Lighthouse, 14. 3 miles ENE of plant. T -2 4 B Sandusky, 24. 9 miles SE of plant. T-25 I Winter Farm, 1. 3 miles S of plant. T-26 B Fostoria, 35.1 miles SW of plant. T-27 B Magee Marsh, 5. 3 miles WNW of plant. T-28 I Unit 1 treated water supply, onsite. T -2 9 I Lake Erie, Intake area, 1. 5 rniles NE of plant. T-30 I Lake Erie, discharge area, O. 9 miles ENE of plant. a I = Indicator locations; B = Dackground locations. b Distance has been redete rmined and is 2.7 miles WSW at plant (previous distance repo rted was 3.2 miles. ) i 26

t i t b Table 4. Type and frequency of colicction. i br.t i. . Wedly- M.#ntl.ly Qua s te rly Senii nnual[y A nnually I A l*, Al, SW U TI.D la TI .8) Fd , DSa, CL4 SO T1.D SMW 2 A l*, " A I, S W O TI.D TI.D WL T!.D 3 A l', A I, S W U TI.D T1.It . Fa TLD,WP 4 A l*, Al T!.D TI.l> TI.D 5 T l.D TI.D T I.D g 6 7 A l'. Al T !.D T !.l > TI.D T ! .8 ), WW T!.D T!.8) h y B A l *, A 1, M I* T I .11, Me l T I .D VC,SO,AF* I TI.D 9 Al*, Al Ti D T!.le T I.D 10 Al*, Al, SW U, SWT 'l 1.0 TI.D TLD lp

II Al*, Al, SWU, SWT 'l 1.D Tl.D T1.D N- 12 Al*. AI, SW U, SWT T1.D. M Ti.D . T1.D 0 ' M ii T I.D TI.8) TLD h I5 T 4.D TI.D T !.D m 16 WI 4A i- 17 WW -8 i WW i ts 'I 19 , VE,SO , y Zu M SO i 21 hl AFC ' 22 MC 23 A l*, A l TI,D l' TLD TI.D 21 TLD,M TLD TLD 25 V10 f 26 T I.D TLD Tl.D i 27 A l *, A l T LI) TI.D. W W T B.D . 28 SWT 4 29 liSa

i. lu CS3 l 0 .

d Tlires sin.cs a yea r. 2nd, 3 rd, amt 4tli qua rte rs. I* lleginning kl.ny 1975, anilk sessigilen fre.no 8 .cetion 3 were s .llected on a weekly Is sta and analyzed for 1-131. C C t!!c fee d (r.il.ag:n and gr.ain or I..y) rollested < luring Im! qu.irier; grass c. llessed during 3rit quarter. 4 I n - . . . + , ,nn-, ,-- - -----.--n - - - . . + - - . - - , - -- m .~

fadd B I O - T E 5 T lah, fe s Table 5. Sample codes used in Table 4. Code De s c riotion AP Airborne Particulate AI Airborne Iodine TLD (M) Thermoluminescent Dosimeter - Monthly TLD (Q) Thermoluminescent Dosimeter - Quarterly TLD (A) Thermoluminescent Dosimeter - Annual SWU Surface water - Untreated SWT Surface water - Treated (tap) WW Well water (Ground Water) P Precipitation i BS Bottom Sedirnents SO Soil M Milk ME Domestic meat WL Wildlife F. Fish CL Clams VE Fruits and vegetables WI Wine SMW Smartweed AF Animal Feed (silage, grain, grass) WF Wate rfowl 28

f.d.uted B l 0 - T E S T .!.sv.d.vu. Joe. 43 2 i CO - if O C -

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955= c3

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30
Adudaal B l 0 - T E S T .!c.!aubus. k \ Table 6. Airborne particulate and charcoal sampics collected at Location T-1; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131. Date Volume Gross alpha Gross beta 1-131 Colle cted (m3) (eCi /m3)a (pCi/m3)a (eCi/m3)a 1-06-75 286.9 0.0016*0.0006 0.061*0.003 <0.02 1-13-75 127.7 0.0022*0.0012 0.093 0.006 <0.02 1-20-75 253.3 0.0011*0.0006 0.093*0.004 <0.02 1-27-75 296.4 0.0014 0.0006 0.098*0.004 <0.02 2-03-75 246.2 0.0023 0.0008 0.120 0.005 <0.02 2-10-75 253.3 0.0022 0.0008 0.128*0.005 <0.02 2-18-75 273.0 0.002520.0003 0.147*0.005 <0.02 2-24-75 223.9 0.0021*0.0008 0.172*0.006 <0.02 3-03-75 306.9 0.0004 0.0003 0.087 0.003 <0.02 3-10-75 252.6 0.0012*0.0004 0.148 0.003 <0.02 3-17-75 257.5 0.0016 0.0006 0.177 0.005 < 0. 02 3-24-75 128.8 0.0019 0.0007 0.170 0.005 <0.02 3-31-75 174.4 0.0019*0.0009 0.168*0.007 <0.02 4-07-75 275.2 0.0016 0.0006 0.147 0.005 < 0. 02 4-14-75 259.9 0.0011 0.0004 0.216 0.004 < 0. 02 4-21-75 261.8 0.0019 0.0007 0.146 0.005 <0.02 4-28-75 276.4 0.0023 0.0007 0.155 0.005 <0.02 5-05-75 282.5 0.0014*0.0006 0.106*0.004 <0.02 5-12-75 258.9 0.0015 0.0006 0.165 0.005 <0.02 5-19-75 229.4 0.0038*0.0010 0.183*0.006 <0.02 5-27-75 210.4 0.0017 0.0007 0.109 0.005 <0.02 5-31-75 125.2 < 0. 000 6 0.108 0.006 <0.02 6-07-75 160.3 0.0011*0.0008 0.131*0.006 <0.02 6-16-75 183.4 0.0008 0.0006 0.076 0.004 <0.02 6-23-75 109.9 0.0032 0.0015 0.086*0.006 <0.02 6-28-75 101.8 0.0020 0.0013 0.072*0.006 <0.02 hiean *S. D. (1st Quarter) 0.0017 0.0005 0.128*0.038 Mean *S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0019 0.0008 0.131 0.043 a The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample. 31
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fndue.ial B 10 - T E S T h.lowl.>ua, f,u:. t Table 7. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-2; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine -131. Date Volume Gross alpha Gross beta I-131 . Collected (m3) (oC1/m3)a (r;C1/m3)a (oC1/m3)a 1-06-75 269.6 0.0016*0.0006 0.085 0.004 <0.02 1-13-75 248.5 0.0023 0.0008 0.083*0.004 <0.02 1-20-75 263.2 0.0007 0.0004 0.100*0.004 < 0. 02 1-27-75 251.7 0.0011 0.0006 0.114 0.004 <0.02 2-03-75 244.8 0.0017 0.0007 0.125 0.005 - <0.02 2-10-75 263.2 0.0016 0.0006 0.129 0.005 <0.02 2-18-75 248.8 0.0025*0.0008 0.156 0.005 <0.02 2-24-75 198.9 0.0026*0.0009 0.181 0.006 < 0. 02 3-03-75 266.4 0.0009*0.0005 0.100 0.004 < 0. 02 3-10-75 270.8 0.0010*0.0003 0.132*0.003 <0.02 3-17-75 239.3 0.0020 0.0008 0.208*0.006 <0.02 3-24-75 245.8 0.0018 0.0005 0.171*0.004 <0.02 3-31-75 404.1 0.0011*0.0004 0.116*0.003 <0.02 4-07-75 210.2 0.0024c0.0009 0.211*0.007 < 0. 02 4-14-75 223.5 0.0032 0.0007 0.276 0.005 < 0. 02 4-21-75 241.3 0.0023*0.0008 0.222 0.006 <0.02 4-28-75 205.3 0.0023*0.0009 0.183 0.006 <0.02 5-05-75 201.6 0.0029 0.0010 0.186 0.006 <0.02 5-12-75 260.3 0.0024 0.0008 0.158*0.005 < 0. 02 5-19-75 263.5 0.0038 0.0010 0.169*0.005 <0. 62 5-27-75 302.3 0.0017 0.0006 0.112 0.004 <0.J2 5-31-75 165.9 0.0018 0.0009 0.116*0.006 <0.02 6-07-75 211.6 0.0014*0.0007 0.108 0.005 <0.02 6-16-75 364.9 0.0009 0.0004 0.066*0.003 <0.02 6-23-75 129.8 0.0011*0.0009 0.076*0.005 <0.02 6-28-75 187.'7 0.0015*0.0008 0.074*0.004 <0.02 Mean *S. D. (1st Quarter) O. 0016*0.0006 0.131*0.038 , Mean *S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0021*0.0008 0.151 0.064
~~" The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample.~~
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9.thds! B l 0 - T E S T h4mtaua. fa Table 8. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-3; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131. Date Volume Gross alpha Gross beta I-131 Collected (m3) (nC1/m3)a (nCi/m3)a (eC1/m3)a 1006-75 305.8 0.0006*0.0004 0.051 0.003 <0.02 1-13-75 242.8 0.0031 0.0009 0.105 0.004 <0.02 1-20-75 267.6 0.0020*0.0007 0.091*0.004 <0.02 1-27-75 247.5 < 0. 0003 0.090*0.004 <0.02 2-03-75 288.2 0.*0020 0.0007 0.142 0.005 <0.02 2-10-75 264.0 0.0012*0.0006 0.091*0.004 < 0. 02 2-18-75 211.0 0.0010 0.0006 0.068*0.004 <0.02 2-24-75 234.7 0.0010*0.0006 0.128 0.005 <0.02 3-03-75 308.1 0.0009*0.0004 0.083 0.003 < 0. 02 3-10-75 236.1 0.0013 0.0004 0.137 0.003 < 0. 02 3-17-75 215.0 0.0027 0.0009 0.227*0.007 <0.02 3-24-75 244.2 0.0017 0.0005 0.175*0.004 < 0. 02 3-31-75 82.Sb 0.0029 0.0017 0.313*0.014 <0.02 4-07-75 231.3 0.0018 0.0007 0.189 0.006 <0.02 4-14-75 211.7 0.0029*0.0007 0.305 0.006 < 0. 02 4-21075 228.1 0.0013 0.0006 0.185 0.006 <0.02 4-28-75 267.1 0.0017 0.0006 0.113*0.004 <0.02 5-05-75 268.0 0.0015*0.0006 0.094 0.004 <0.02 5-12-75 285.6 0.0013 0.0005 0.130 0.004 <0.02 5-19-75 282.3 0.0025 0.0008 0.143 0.005 <0.02 5-27-75 320.4 0.0013 0.0005 0.100*0.004 <0.02 5-31-75 161.8 0.0012 0.0008 0.100*0.005 <0.02 6-07-75 277.2 0.0007 0.0004 0.079*0.003 <0.02 6-16-75 358.1 0.0008*0.0004 0.069*0.003 <0.02 6-23-75 97.lb 0.0024*0.0014 0.073 0.006 <0.02 6-28-75 196.4 0.0017 0.0008 0.073*0.004 <0.02 Mean S. D. (1st Quarter) 0.0017 0.0008 0.131 0.072 Mean S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0016 0.0006 0.127*0.066
~~The error given is the probable counting error at the 95fo confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample.~~
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foubat:ial B l O - T E S T 2Ms. Ja Table 9. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-4; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131. Date . Volume Gross alpha Gross beta I-131 Collected (m3) (pCi /m3)a (pC1/m3)a (pCi/m3)a 1-06-75 224.4 0.0021*0.0008 0.110 0.005 <0.02 1-13-75 240.2 0.0046 0.0011 0.138*0.005 <0.02 1-20-75 281.8 0.0013 0.0006 0.111=0.004 <0.02 1-27-75 225.1 0.0022 0.0008 0.157 0.006 <0.02 2-03-75 283.8 0.0025 0.0008 0.117 0.004 <0.02 2-10-75 239.7 0.0020*0.0008 0.125 0.005 <0.02 2-18-75 290.2 0.0031 0.0008 0.130 0.004 < 0. 02 2-24-75 225.6 0.0016*0.0007 0.157 0.005 <0.02 3-03-75 268.2 0.0006 0.0004 0.089 0.004 <0.02 3-10-75 252.7 0.0012*0.0004 0.139*0.003 <0.02 3-17-75 284.0 0.0024 0.0007 0.180 0.005 <0.02 3-24-75 250.1 0.0017 0.0005 0.167 0.004 < 0. 02 3-31-75 280.3 0.0015 0.0006 0.167 0.005 <0.02 4-07-75 267.0 0.0012*0.0006 0.161 0.005 <0.02 4-14-75 275.3 0.0021 0.0005 0.237 0.004 <0.02 4-21-75 241.3 0.0014 0.0006 0.201 0.006 < 0. 02 4-28-75 284.8 0.0015 0.0006 0.165 0.005 < 0. 02 5-05-75 261.0 0.0016 0.0006 0.140*0.005 < 0. 02 5-12-75 281.0 0.0017 0.0006 0.156 0.005 <0.02 5-19-75 273.1 0.0024 0.0008 0.106 0.004 <0.02 5-27-75 249.6 0.0016*0.0006 0.116 0.004 <0.02 5-31-75 271.8 <0.0003 0.069 0.003 <0.02 6-07-75 267.6 0.0013*0.0006 0.095 0.004 <0.02 6-16-75 345.3 0.0008*0.0004 0.062*0.003 <0.02 6-23-75 271.4 <0.0003 <0.001 <G.02 6-28-75 150.6 0.0012*0.0008 0.064*0.004 <0.02 Mean S. D. (1st Quarter) 0.0021 0.0010 0.138 0.027 Mean S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0015*0.0004 0.131*0.055 a The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample. 37 e ;
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~~9mbalual B i O - T E S T .!a&mbua. fa Table 10. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-7; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and~~
~~iodine-131.~~
Date Volume Gross alpha Gross beta 1-131 Collected (m ) 3 (oC1/m3)a foci /m3)a (oct /m3)a 1-06-75 263.8 0.0019 0.0007 0.096*0.004 < 0. 02 1-13-75 246.5 0.0027 0.0008 0.121*0.005 <0.02 1-20-75 258.8 0.0018*0.0007 0.100 0.004 <0.02 1-27-75 262.1 0.0019 0.0007 0.111 0.004 <0.02 2-03-75 280.0 0.0025=0.0008 0.101 0.004 <0.02 2-10-75 261.8 0.0023 0.0008 0.124*0.004 < 0. 02 2-18-75 295.1 0.0023*0.0007 0.127 0.004 <0.02 2-24-75 231.6 0.0021 0.0008 0.161 0.005 <0.02 3-03-75 275.5 0.0012 0.0005 0.094*0.004 <0.02 3-10-75 247.2 0.0013 0.0004 0.129*0.003 <0.02 3-17-75 236.1 0.0020 0.0008 0.223 0.006 <0.02 3-24-75 240.2 0.0023 0.0006 0.181 0.004 <0.02 3-31-75 251.6 0.0021 0.0007 0.190 0.006 <0.02 4-07-75 257.1 0.0028 0.0009 0.179 0.005 <0.02 4-14-75 231.5 0.0033*0.0007 0.215 0.004 <0.02 4-21-75 246.8 0.0023*0.0008 0.212 0.006 < 0. 02 4-28-75 237.4 0.0027 0.0009 0.ISS 0.006 <0.02 5-05-75 248.3 0.0020 0.0007 0.141 0.005 <0.02 5-12-75 273.1 0.0018 0.0007 0.172 0.005 <0.02 5-19-75 249.6 0.0029 0.0009 0.173 0.005 <0.02 5-27-75 271.8 0.0010 0.0005 0.128 0.004 <0.02 5-31-75 165.2 0.0025 0.0010 0.128 0.006 < 0. 02 6-07-75 276.5 0.0018 0.0007 0.104 0.004 < 0. 02 6-16-75 518.2 0.0003 0.0003 0.048 0.002 < 0. 02 6-23-75 230.3 0. 0023 0. 0008 0.064*0.003 <0.02 6-28-75 176.9 0.0019 0.0009 0.068 0.004 <0.02 Mean *S. D. (1st Quarter) O. 0020 0.0004 0.135 0.041 Mean S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.002240.0007 0.140 0.056 a The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence
~~~ 1evel. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample.~~
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9adadual B l 0 - T E S T la!mabua. 9ne. Table 12. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-9; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine - 131. Date Volume Gross alpha Gross beta I-131 Collected (m3 ) (oCi/m3)3 (cCi/m3)a (eC1/m31a 1-06-75 250.9 0.0019 0.0007 0.111*0.004 <0.02 1-13-75 276.4 0.0030 0.0008 0.110*0.004 <0.02 1-20-75 248.6 0.0025*0.0008 0.123*0.005 <0.02 1-27-75 243.9 0.0023 0.0008 0.130*0.005 < 0. 02 2-03-75 265.9 0.0021 0.0007 0.114 0.004 <0.02 2-10-75 260.4 0.0017*0.0007 0.131*0.005 <0.02 2-18-75 275.8 0.0029 0.0008 0.143 0.005 < 0. 02 2-24-75 209.2 0.0026*0.0009 0.226 0.007 <0.02 3-03-75 314.7 0.0008*0.0004 0.083 0.003 <0.02 3-10-75 270.9 0.0015 0.0004 0.127*0.003 < 0. 02 3-17-75 234.8 0.002110.0008 0.195 0.006 <0.02 3-24-75 243.0 0.0021 0.0005 0.170 0.004 < 0. 02 3-31-75 256.9 0.0009*0.0005 0.164*0.005 <0.02 4-07-75 237.5 0.0020 0.0008 0.185 0.006 <0.02 4-14-75 275.0 0.0021 0.0005 0.235 0.004 <0.02 4-21-75 120.8 0.0032 0.0014 0.395*0.012 <0.02 4-28-75 148.1 0.0032*0.0 012 0.305 0.010 < 0. 02 5-05-75 190.1 0.0027*0.0010 0.171 0.006 <0.02 5-12-75 2S4.4 0.0025 0.0003 0.172 0.005 < 0. 02 5-19-75 223.6 0.0030*0.0009 0.186 0.006 < 0. 02 5-27-75 285.1 0.0016 0.0006 0.136*0.004 <0.02 5-31-75 133.6 0.0022*0.0011 0.141*0.007 <0.02 6-07-75 278.9 0.0013 0.0006 0.109 0.004 < 0. 02 6-16-75 293.3 0.0010 0.0005 0.069 0.003 <0.02 6-23-75 91.4 0.0022 0.0014 0.049*0.005 <0.02 1-6-28-75 178.6 0.0018*0.0009 0.084 0.005 <0.02 Mean *S. D. (1st Quarter) O. 0020 0.0006 0.140 0.038 Mean S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0022*0.'0006 0.172 0,096
~~" The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence le vel. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample, b~~
Low volume due to pump malfunctions 43
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faubalual 8 l 0 - T E S T 2c.Lmir.as. Ja Table 13. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-10; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131. Date Volume Gross alnha' Gross beta I-131 Colleeted (m3) (pCI /m3)a (r,C i/ m 3)a (eCi /m3)a 1-06-75 289.0 0.0015 0.0006 0.133 0.004 <0.02 1-13-75 267.5 0.0035 0.0009 0.117 0.004 <0.02 1-20-75 269.0 <0.0003 <0.000lb <0.02 1-27-75 265.6 0.0030*0.0009 0.187 0.005 < 0. 02 2-03-75 278.6 <0.0003 0.097 0.004 <0.02 2-10-75 240.2 0.0019 0.0007 0.186*0.006 < 0. 02 2-18-75 258.1 0.0026 0.0008 0.147*0.005 <0.02 2-24-75 243.4 0.0018*0.0007 0.166 0.005 <0.02 3-03-75 313.9 0.0008 0.0004 0.081 0.003 <0.02 3-10-75 259.5 0.0015 0.0004 0.128*0.003 <0.02 3-17-75 232.4 0.0025 0.0008 0.204 0.006 <0.02 3-24-75 267.6 0.0019 0.0005 0.163 0.003 <0.02 3-31-75 275.5 0.0023 0.0007 0.185*0.005 < 0. 02 4-07-75 248.6 0.0017=0.0007 0.199=0.006 <0.02 4-14-75 117.1 0.0023*0.0009 0.246 0.007 <0.02 4-21-75 232.3 0.0019*0.0007 0.197*0.006 <0.02 4-28-75 277.9 0.0022 0.0007 0.161 0.005 <0.02 5-05-75 248.9 0.0029*0.0009 0.145 0.005 <0.02 5-12-75 284.3 0.0024*0.0007 0.167 0.005 < 0. 02 5-19-75 248.7 0.0023 0.0008 0.158 0.005 <0.02 5-27-75 252.2 0.0012 0.0006 0.132 0.005 <0.02 5-31-75 160.3 0.0010 0.0007 0.115 0.006 < 0. 02 6-07-75 207.6 0.0010 0.0006 0.086 0.004 <0.02 6-16-75 224.6 0.0009 0.0005 0.069 0.004 <0.02 6-23-75 276.3 0.0015 0.0006 0.062*0.003 <0.02 6-28-75 196.9 0.0015*0.0007 0.063 0.004 <0.02 Mean S. D. (1st Quarter) 0.0021=0.0007 0,149 0.038 Mean S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0017 0.0006 0.138*0.057
~~^ The error given is the probable counting error at the SW confidence level. Less than (<) '.alues are based on 3 sigma e,c dng error for background sample.~~
b No evidence of the particulate matter on the f,u r, .s assumed that two filters were loaded and the one with the p;.c.cic.ua.e matter was lost. 45 i l
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Adadual B i 0 - T E S T .!bsabua. != Table 14. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-11; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131. Date Volume Gross alpha Gross beta I-131 Colle cted (m3) (pC1/m3)a (pCi/m3)a (oCi /m3)a 1-06-75 251.2 0.0012 0.0006 0.111 0.004 <0.02 1-13-75 245.9 0.0030 0.0009 0.147 0.005 <0.02 1-20-75 246.0 0.0019 0.0007 0.122*0.005 <0.02 1-27-75 213.8 0.0043 0.0012 0.255 0.007 <0.02 2-03-75 250.4 0.0021 0.0008 0.113 0.004 < 0. 02 2-10-75 215.9 0.0021 0.0008 0.157 0.006 < 0. 02 2-18-75 211.4 0.0027 0.0009 0.175 0.006 <0.02 2-24-75 279.5 0.0009 0.0005 0.145 0.005 <0.02 3-03-75 380.7 0.0005 0.0003 0.090 0.003 < 0. 02 3-10-75 271.0 0.0018 0.0005 0.117*0.003 <0.02 3-17-75 248.7 0.0025 0.0008 0.187 0.006 , < 0. 02 3-24-75 279.4 0.0018 0.0004 0.150 0.003 <0.02 3-31-75 299.3 0.0015 0.0006 0.142 0.004 < 0. 02 4-07-75 255.5 0.0014 0.0006 0.200 0.006 <0.02 4-14-75 143.2 0.0033=0.0009 0.359*0.008 <0.02 4-21-75 162.0 0.0035*0.0012 0.257*0.009 < 0. 02 4-28-75 251.6 0.0022 0.0008 0.150 0.005 <0.02 5-05-75 262.1 0.0020*0.0007 0.131 0.005 <0.02 5-12-75 218.9 0.0024*0.0009 0.182=0.006 <0.02 5-19-75 243.8 0.0015 0.0006 0.128 0.005 < 0. 02 5-27-75 222.7 0.0021 0.0008 0.174 0.006 < 0. 02 5-31-75 159.8 0.0023 0.0010 0.117 0.006 <0.02 6-07-75 218.2 0.0016 0.0007 0.108*0.005 <0.02 6-16-75 331.3 0.0005:0.0003 0.061 0.003 <0.02 6-23-75 269.3 0.0019 0.0007 0.072 0.003 <0.02 6-28-75 193.3 0.0016 0.0008 0.059 0.004 <0.02 Mean S. D. (1st Quarter) 0.0020 0.0009 0,147 0,042 Mean S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0020 0.0007 0.154 0.084 a The error given is the probable counting error at the 95To confidence 1cvel. Less than (<) values are cased on 3 sigma counting error for background sample. 47
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fo& dual B l O - T E 5 i .Muataw. k 4 Table 15. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-12; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine-131. Date Volume Gross alpha Gross beta 1-131 Collected (m3) (oCi/m3)a (pCi/m3)a (r;Ci/m3)a 1-06-75 232.6 0.0032*0.0010 0.082 0.004 <0.02 1-13-75 262,6 0.0033*0.0009 0.130 0.005 < 0.,02 1-20-75 267.1 0.0026 0.0008 0.112 0.004 <0.02 1-27-75 269.4 0.0016 0.0006 0.130 0.004 < 0. 02 2-03-75 255.8 0.0028 0.0009 0.114 0.004 <0.02 2-10-75 232.2 0.0020 0.0008 0.132*0.005 <0.02 2-18-75 219.9 0.0025 0.0009 0.109*0.005 < 0. 02 2-24-75 262.5 0.0018 0.0007 0.154 0.005 <0.02 3-03-75 272.5 0.0018 0.0007 0.101 0.004 < 0. 02 3-10-75 193.5 0.0032 0.0007 0.127*0.004 < 0. 02 3-17-75 261.0 0.0023 0.0008 0.152 0.005 <0.02 3-24-75 256.8 0.0025 0.0005 0.172 0.004 <0.02 3-31-75 271.0 0.0017 0.0006 0.155 0.005 < 0. 02 4-07-75 227.7 0.0035 0.0010 0.225*0.007 <0.02 4-14-75 262. 4 0.0024*0.0005 0.215 0.004 < 0. 02 4-21-75 295.9 0.0018 0.0006 0.188 0.005 < 0. 02 4-28-75 251.7 0.0024 0.0008 0.165*0.005 <0.02 5-05-75 189.9 0.002S 0.0010 0.187 0.007 <0.02 5-12-75 272.4 0.0020 0.0007 0.161 0.005 <0.02 5-19-75 257.2 0.0020*0.0007 0.150 0.005 <0.02 5-27-75 NSb . . . 5-31-75 264.4 0.0014 0.0006 0.124*0.004 <0.02 6-09-75 190.2 0.0025 0.0010 0.112*0.005 <0.02 6-16-75 261.9 0.0007*0.0005 0.070 0.003 <9.02 6-23-75 246.6 0.0024*0.0008 0.067*0.003 <0.02 6-30-75 238.5 0.0019 0.0007 0.081*0.004 <0.02 hiean S. D. (1st Quarter) 0.0024 0.0006 0.128 0.025 hiean *S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.002240.0007 0.145*0.054
~~" The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence 1 level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for i~~
~~background sample. b NS = No sampic received. 49~~

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9ndud.ial 8 l 0 - T E S T .bbuahua. Ja Table 16. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at
~~. Location T-23; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine - 131.~~
Date Volume Gross alpha' Gross beta I-131 Collected (m3) (eCi /m3)a (oCi /m3)a (nCi /m3)a 1-06-75 217.4 0.0020 0.0008 0.107*0.005 < 0. 02 1-13-75 235.6 0.0034 0.0010 0.140 0.005 <0.02 1-20-75 279.2 0.0012 0.0005 0.086 0.004 <0.02 1-27-75 262.8 0.0014 0.0006 0.119 0.004 <0.02 2-03-75 277.1 0.0011 0.0005 O.106*0.004 < 0.- 02 2-10-75 284.5 0.0019 0.0007 0.119*0.004 <0.02 2-18-75 269.0 0.0020 0.0007 0.154 0.005 < 0. 02 2-24-75 328.2 0.0016 0.0006 0.168 0.005 <0.02 3-03-75 191.1 0.0007 0.0006 0.100 0.005 <0.02 3-10-75 265.2 0.0012 0.0004 0.133 0.003 < 0. 02 3-17-75 NSb _ _ , 3-26-75 565.0 0.0022 0.0005 0.162*0.003 <0.02 3-31-75 NS - - - 4-07-75 456.7 0.0023 0.0004 0.180 0.003 <0.02 4-14-75 271.0 0.0019 0.0005 0.245 0.004 < 0. 02 4-21-75 290.0- 0.0012 0.0005 0.126 0.004 <0.02 4-28-75 289.9 0.0024 0.0007 0.137 0.004 <0.02 5-05-75 314.4 0.0019 0.0006 0.107 0.004 <0.02 5-12-75 244.1 0.0015 0.0006 0.174 0.006 <0.02 5-19-75 312.4 0.0017 0.0006 0.136 0.004 <0.02 5-27-75 281.2 0.0013 0.0005 0.118 0.004 < 0. 02 5-31-75 249.9 0.0013A0.0006 0.123 0.005 <0.02 6-07-75 200.4 0.0011=0.0006 0.115 0.005 <0.02 6-16-75 278.2 0.0011*0.0005 0.075*0.003 <0.02 6-23-75 275.3 0.0020*0.0007 0.066 0.003 <0.02 6-30-75 273.5 0.0010*0.0005 0.062 0.003 <0.02 Mean *S. D. (1st Quarter) 0._0017 0.0007 0.127 0.026 hican S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0016*0.0004 0,128 0.050
~~" The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for~~
, background sample. b NS = No sample received. 51
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Adadi.'al B I O - T E 5 T 2d>m/me, k . Table 17. Airborne particulate and charcoal samples collected at Location T-27; analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and iodine - 131. Date Volume Gross alpha Gross beta I-131 Collected (m3) (oCi/m3) (nCi/m3) (cGi /m3) 1-06-75 255.5 0.0013*0.0006 0.078*0.004 <0.02 1-13-75 123.1 0.0042 0.0016 0.102 0.006 <0.02 1-20-75 255.3 0.0015 0.0006 0.082*0.004 <0.02 1-27-75 247.7 0.0022 0.0008 0.099 0.004 <0.02 2-03-75 247.7 0.0015 0.0006 '0.103*0.004 <0.02 2-10-75 260.8 0.0019 0.0007 0.128*0.005 <0.02 2-18-75 122.9 0.0020 0.0011 0.153 0.008 < 0. 02 2-24-75 246.0 0.0011 0.0006 0.135 0.005 < 0. 02 3-03-75 282.3 0.0007 0.0004 0.074 0.003 <0.02 3-10-75 244.5 0.0017 0.0005 0.106*0.003 < 0. 02 3-17-75 210.2 0.0028 0.0009 0.159 0.006 < 0. 02 3-24-75 246.7 0.0017 0.0005 0.174 0.004 <0.02 3-31-75 152.9 0.0030 0.0012 0.196e0.008 <0.02 4-07-75 271.8 0.0019 0.0007 0.184 0.005 <0.02
'4-14-75 290.5 0.0027 0.0005 0.233 0.004 < 0. 02 4-21-75 206.9 0.0028 0.0010 0.233 0.007 < 0. 02 4-28-75 253.1 0.0018 0,0007 0.157*0.005 <0.02 5-05-75 185.8 0.0037 0.0011 0.189*0.007 <0.02 5-12-75 245.0 0.0018 0.0007 0.179 0.006 < 0. 02 5-19-75 224.6 0.0023 0.0008 0.180*0.006 <0.02 l 5-27-75 213,9 0.0028 0.0009 0.172*0.006 <0.02-5-31-75 160.6 0.0010 0.0007 0.118e0.006 < 0. 02 6-07-75 230.0 0.0012 0.0006 0.091 0.004 <0.02 6-16-85 252.4 0.0007 0.0005 0.076 0.003 <0.02 6-23-75 288.0 0.0019 0.0007 0.061*0.003 < 0. 02 6-28-75 200.2 0.0007 0.0006 0.059*0.004 < 0.02 Mean S. D. (1st Quarter) 0.0020*0.0009 0,122 0.038 Mean *S. D. (2nd Quarter) 0.0019*0.0008 0.149 0.061 " The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample.
53
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~ _ . . . _ . . _ _ . . _ . . . ._ . . _ _ _ _ ._- _ _ _. _ . _. - . '4 Table 20. Area monitors-TLD (mrem), January-June 1975, Davis-Besse NPP.
Total for Total for quarter January February March J anuary-Ma rch adjusted to Location 28 days 28 days 28 davs 84 days 91 days T-1 2.7*0.7- 2. 7io. 8 2.910.7 8. 3*l . 3 9.011.4 T-2 2.910.8 2.710.7 3.I11.0 8.71.5 9.411,6 T-3 3.210.9 3.010.7 3.210.8 9.411.4, 10.2*1.5 3 T-4 4.311.0 5.611.2 4.010.7 13.911.7 15.111.8 L T-5 4.410.8 4.811.I 3.810.7 13.011.5 14.1*l.6 i 1 T-6 T-7 3.810.8 4.211.2 4.1 *0. 8 3.111.6
4. 0* 1. I

3. 44 0. 9

11. 9il . 6 10.712.2 12.911.7 11.612.4
( T-8 4.511.3 4.711.2 4.910.9 14.112.0 15.312.2 - T-9 3.511.2 3.710.8 3.010.8 10.2*l.6 11.011.7 f T-10 4.2*l.2 4.710.7 4.010.7 12.911.6 14.011,7 -4 g T-11 3.711.1 3.510.9 4.011.1 I1.211.8 12.1*l.9 '" T-12 4.911.4 4.710.8 4.310.9 13.911.8 15.1*1.9 y T-14 5.011.4 4. 7tl .1 4. 7*1. 0 14.412.0 15.612.2 T-15 4 311.1 4.711.4 4.2*0.8 13.2*2.0 14.312.2 ,h T-2 3 4.510.7 5. I11. I 4.310.8 13.911.5 15.1i1.6 g T-24 4.611.0 4.910.9 4.410.5 13.911.4 15.I 1. 5 g. T-26 5. 5
l . 4 5. 2

l . 2 5. 010.9 15.712.0 17.022.2 .-
T-27 4.011,5 4.411.1 4.210.5 12.611.4 13.611.5 hican 1S. D.a 4. I10. 7 4.210.9 4.010.6 12.312.I 13.412.3 0 4
)
Table 20. (continued) Total for . Total for quarter April hfay June April-June adjusted to Location 35 days 33 days 30 days 98 days 91 days T-1 3.511.0 3.110.6 3.410.8 10.0*l.4 9. 3* l . 3 T-2 4. 2*l. 0 3.411.0 3.510.8 11.111.6 10.311.5 T-3 4.511.3 5. 9*l . 5 3.610.5 14.0i2.0 13.011.9 T-4 6. lit. 0 6.2il.1 4.811.0 17.lil.8 15.911.7 T-5 6.111.0 7.011.3 4.410.8 17.Sil.8 16.2 1. 7 , T-6 6.31.3 5.6io.9 4. Oil. I 15.911.9 14. Bil . 8 { T-7 5.711.3 6.4*l.2 3.811.0 15.912.0 14.811.9 , T-8 6.61.1 5.811.6 4.911.0 17.312.2 16.112.0 - T-9' 4. 6* l . 0 4.111.6 3.710.8 12.412.0 11.511.9 C) T-10 6.411.4 6.311.6 4.310.7 17.512.2 16.2i2.O M S T-11 6.911.3 4.1it . 4 4.8*l.I 15.812.2 14,712.O m T-12 5. 9t l . 3 5.911.3 5.010.6 16.8*l.9 15.611.8 [ T-14 6.911.0 7.310.9 4.911.0 19.I11,7 17.7*l.6 T-15 6.011.2 5.612.0 4.610.8 16.212.5 15.012.3 T-23 N.S.b 9.8tl.4c 4.011.0 13.811.9 12.811.6 T-24 6.611.7 6.411.3 5.010.8 18.012.3 16.7*2.1 T-26 7. 8il .1 6. lil. 5 5.511.1 .19.412.2 18.012.1 w T-27 6.4*2.9 3.910.9 4. Si1. 0 14.813.Z l3.713.O Mean *S. D. 5. 9* 1.1 5,71.6 4.410.6 15.7*2.6 14.612.4 t
~~" S. D. = Standard deviation, b N.S. = No samples, TLD's were not exchanged. .~~
C 68 days exposure. I
kdudval B I O - T E S T laL>wt.>ues. 9a Table 21. Area monitors-TLD (mrem), quarterly, January-June 1975 Davis-Besse NPP. 1st quarter 1st quarter 2nd quarter 2 nd quarte r - January-April adjusted to April-July adjusted to f Location 84 days 91 davs 98 davs 91 davs T-1 7.7*1.5 8.3 1.6 10.0 1.2 9.3 1.1 T-2 8.5 1.9 9.2 2.0 10.6*1.1 9.8*1.O T-3 8.6 1.8 9.3 1.9 10.0 1.2 9.3 1.1 T-4 12. 7 1. 7 13.8*1.8 14.3 1.3 13.7 1.2 T-5 13.5 1.5 14.6 1.6 15.7 1.8 14.6zl.7 T-6 10.8 1.8 11.7*1.9 13.6 1.4 12.1 1. 3 T-7 10.I 1. 7 10.9*1.8 12.5*1.5 11.6cl.4 T-8 13.6*1.3 14.7*1.4 15.2 1.4 14.1 1. 3 T-9 10.0 2.0 10.8 2.2 10.5 1. 5 9.7 1.4 T-10 13.0 2.1 14.1 2.3 13.8 1.8 12.8 1.7 T-11 11.5 1.6 12.5 1.7 13.6 1.3 12.6*1.2 T - 12 12.8*2.I 13.9*2.3 15.2 1. 6 14.I 1. 5 T-14 13.7 1.5 14.8 1.6 17.6*1.7 16.3 1.6 T-15 12.4*1.7 13.4*1.8 14.8 1.2 13.7 1.1 T-23 12. 1*1.2 13.1 1. 3 12.2 2.0 11,3 1.9 T-24 13.8*2.0 14.9 2.2 16.5 1.5 15.3 1.4 T -2 6 13.5 1.9 14.6 2.1 16.5 1.9 15.3*1.3 T-27 12.3*1.9 13.3 2.I 14.4*1.4 13.4=1.3 Mean S.D.a 11,7 2.0 12.7*2.I 13.8 2.3 12, 7 2. 2
~~" S. D. = Standard deviation.~~
62
9,ubahial B i 0 - T E S T .!ade. Lym. 9ee. i Table 22. Area monitors-TLD (mrem), annual, July 1974-June 1975. Exposure (mrem) + for the period Exposure (mrem) i 1 July 1974-7 July 1975 adjusted to Location (371 days) (365 days) T-1 39.3*3.7 38.7*3.6 T-2 38.6 3.3 28.0*3.2 i T-3 38.3*3.9 37.7*3.8 T-4 53.7 4.7 52.8*4.6 T-5 62.9*5.3 61.9 5.2 T-6 55.3*5.2 54.4*5.1 i T-7 47.8*4.7 47.0 4.6 T-8 58.9 5.2 57.9*5.1 T-9 39.0 3.9 38.4*3.8 T-10 51.8 4.5 51.0 4.4 T - 11 50.1*5.0 49.3 4.9 T- 12 57.9 5.4 57.0 5.3 T-14 68.6 6.0 67.5 5.9 T - 15 61.9*S.1 60.9 5.0 T -2 3 47.8 4.5 47.0*4.4 T-24 62.6 6.0 61.6 5.9 , T-26 60.6 5.6 59.6 5.5
~~- T -2 7 53.0 5.4 52. 1 5. 3 hiean *S. D. a ' 52,7 9.4 51,9 9.2 a S. D. = Standard deviation.~~
~~. 63 W - ef y y - .-.y ,~~
~~r. -, _ ,*o % .-y~~
fasAd B I O - T E S T 1he, fe i Table 23. Monthly precipitation samples, analyses for gross beta and tritium, January - June 1975, Davis-Besse NPS. Date Gross beta a Tritium Location Collected oCi/1 oCi/m2 oCi/ml T-1 January 34.2*2.0 408*23.4 0.29 0.14 (Site boundary February 16.8 0.6 945*34.1 0,36*0.21
~~0. 6 mi NE of Ma rch 54.7*l 6 1438*41.2 0.27 0.10 plant, near~~
, inlet canal) Mean S. D. 35.2 19.0 930*515 0.31 0.05 A pril 22.5 1.5 294*19.5 -0.25 0.10 ' May 68.9*5.1 450 33.3 0.08 0.07 June N. S. D N.S N. S. Mean S. D. 45.7 32.8 372*111 0.17 0.12 T-23 January 33.6 1.3 857*32.3 0.26 0.21 ( Put -I n - B a y , - February 44,7 1.I 1982 48.0 0.39 0.15
~~14. 3 mi. ENE Ma rch 123.9*3.6 1408:40.7 0.41 0.10 l of station)~~
Mean S. D. 67.4 49,2 1415 563 0,35 0.08 A pril 104,0 2.9 1537 42.5 0.43 0.10 May 47.5 2.5 869 45.0 0.30 0.07 June 10. 2*0. 7 466 32.6 0.I3 0.07 Mean S. D. 53.9*47,2 957*541 0.30 0.13
~~The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level.~~
Less than (<) values are based on.3 sigma counting error for background l* b***E No sample due to weather condition. 64
Table 24. Well water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta', and tritium, January-June 1975, Davis-Besse NPP. Grows al tJiajgflLI)8 Gross tacta (pCi/Ila Date Sup pcmicel Dissolvcel Total Snapentled Dis aulved Tntal Tritium I,oca t io n Golle eteel solidi nolldn renido.s solld e solids resideje pg/jnt $I j' T-7 l-13 < n. on <05 < 0. 6 0.22*0.15 1.92so.16 2.14 0.39 < 0. 3 (San <l licach. 6-l6-75 <0.07 < 0. 6 < 0. 7 <0.13 3.1560.53 3.3510.58 0.25an.10 0,9 ml fir 4W of station) T-17 l - I' 3 - 7 5 < 0. 0 8 <0.92 < l. 0 < 0. 2 2.35to.63 2. 35 a n. 63 0. 2 5 e o. 21 p (Irv Fick's well 6-16-75 <0.07 2.23*0.75 2.23so.75 0.1410.12 1.5Han.42 1.72ao.43 0.1610.10 O. 7 ini SW of { st a t i<.nl gyz T - ill 1-11-75 <0.10 < 6. 7 < 6. ft 0. I n s o.15 4.1313.90 4.3113.90 < 0. 3 Q (licss Sunoco Garage 6-16-75 <0.07 < 3. 4 < 3. 4 < 0. I 3.9612.16 3.9612.16 < 0. I e
~~$ l. 3 eni S of station. H m~~
State floute 2) in T-27 l-13-75 <0.0H < 3. 4 < 3. 5 0.37so.15 14.3914.29 I8 14.5610.33 < 0. 3 d (McGee Ma rsh. 6-I6-75 < 0. 4 <2.5 <2. 9 < 0. I 4.1861.83 4.1818.83 < 0. I ig 5.3 mi Wr3W of station) .
~~The error given is the protishle counting error at the 95*'. confidence Icvel. I. css than (<) valuca are leased on 3 sigma counting ,w crror for Isackg round samplo.~~
~~< h Iligh gross beta activity was due to the presence of naturally-occurring pMannium-40 (Sec Table 25). ( i 4~~
~~..-c~~
Aduehl B 10 - T E 5 T .!ad> abias, k 90 Sr and gamma-emitting Table 25. Well water samples, analyses for isotopes, January-June 1975, Davis-Besse NPP. Date oC1/la Location Collected WSr 137Cs T-7 1-13-75 < 0. 5 <3.7
~~. (Sand Beach, 6-16-75 1.32 0.47 < 3. 7~~
0. 9 mi. NNW of plant T-17 1-13-75 < 0. 5 < 3. 7 (Irv Fick's well, 6-16-75 0.78 0.33 <3.7

0. 7 mi SW of plant)
~~T - 18 1-13-75 <0.5 < 3. 7 (Hess Sunoco Garage 6-16-75 < 0. 5 < 3. 7~~
~~1. 3 mi. S of plant, State Route 2)~~
~~T-27 1-13-75 , <0.5- < 3. 7 (McGee Marsh, 6-16-75 <0.5 4.2 1.0~~
~~5. 3 mi. WNW of plant) 1 3 The error given is the probable counting error at the 95$'o confidence level. Lecs than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample.~~
b No other gamma-emitting isotopes were detected above background level, except in the sample from T-27 collected 13 January 1975, which had a potas sium-40 concentration of 43 17 pCi/1, 66
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'Mdhf. ,. .. ?8ly_., _, -' ? Y~d.r*;, ,s', _. ' ': .'.p ,.._.y.r ::"4"~ ' _ _ ' ' ' ' .' ,. x - , . r . W**p .*-+.t.r yj=*.W.~.M # ,,hD=v;p,p ag,gs,.,,, o.e, I I I I l O Channel No. 100 200 300 400 500 0 Energy, kev 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Figure 16. Gamma-ray spectrum of well water, 0-2560 kcV. Detector:10 cm x 10 cm Mal (TI),(No. 1 ).
~~Sample: 3. 5 I of well water, collecte<1 16 June 1975 at McGee Mar.31: (T-27, 5. 3 mi WNW of plant). Counta: 1000 min. on 1 J uly 1975, Davis-liesse N1'l).~~
~~- e ,~~
~~.I Table 26. Milk samples, analyses for gross beta, 89 Sr, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes January-June 1975, Davis-Besse NPP.~~
Date pCi /la I ocation Collected Gross beta 89Sr 90S r 1311b 140Ba 137Cs 40K T-S 1-06-75 1040*13 <0. 5 1.08i0.44 <0. 6 <3.7 2.98A1.59 1299*22 3 - (Earl Moore 2-03-75 1084 13 <0. 5 1.5810.44 <0. 5 <3.7 4. I 1 *l. 95 1279*26 Farm. 2. 7 mi. 3-03-75 1061431 <0.5 1.1210.49 <0. 5 <3.7 4.3311.28 1223*l3_ WSW of plant) y Mean iSD 1062*22 1.2610.28 3.8110.72 1267i39 h 3-31-75 979 21 <0. 5 1.6230.35 <0. 5 <3.7 3.55*l.28 1271119 k - 5-05-75 1147*32 < 0. 5 1.9810.39 <0. 5 <3.7 7.77*l.31 1226*19 as 5-31-75 958115 < 0. 5 2.3710.40 < 0. 5 < 3. 7 4.2411.36 1261*19 g Mean *SD 1028*104 1.9910.38 5.19*2.26 1253124 b a, 03 m m T-12 1-01-75 998+17 <0. 5 4.5610.77 <3.2 <3.7 4.24i2.43 1313*36 w (Toledo Dairy, 1-29175 979117 <0. 5 4.0210.58 <3.2 <3.7 4.53 2.61 1267i35 g
~~23. 5 mi. WNW 2-26-75 956*29 <0. 5 3.5310,40 <3.2 <3.7 4.69*l.29 1255i20 s of plant)~~
Mean ISD 978*21 4.0410.52 4.4910.23 1278131 g 3-25-75 958i29 <0. 5 4.3410.65 <3.2 <3.7 5.50*2.27 1300*34 y 5-05-75 1183145 < 0. 5 3.9610.68 <3.2 <3.7 4.21*l.28 1211*19 Sr31-75 990121 < 0. 5 2.6510.45 < 3. 2 <3.7 6.58*l.38 1277il9 Mean iSD 1044i122 3.6510.89 5.4311.19' 1263*46
1
\
Table 26. Continued. Date pCi /l" Location Collected Gross beta 89Sr 90Sr 1311b 14013a 137Cs 40K T-20 1-06 75 920117 <0. 5 ~ 1.7010.50 <0. 5 <3. 7 2.70i2.42 1218*35 (Daup Farm, 2-03-75 1050*18 <0. 5 1.8610.45 <0. 5 <3.7 3. 54*l.64 1171*22
~~5. 4 mi. SSE 3-03-75 991*42 <0. 5 1.98do.57 <0. 5 <3.7 5.86*2.24 1191+33 of plant)~~
~~Mean *SD 987165 1.8510.I4 4.03*l.64 1193124 y~~
~~.3-31-75 921*28 < 0. 5 1.8010.52 <0.5 <3.7 p~~
5.83*l.26 1186*18 k 5-05-75 985i21 < 0. 5 2.0610.44 <0. 5 <3.7 5.44*l.20 118til7 k 5-31-75 905*20 < 0. 5 1.7610.39 < 0. 5 < 3. 7 3.09*l.35 1224119 as Mean ASD 937 42 1.8710.16 4.7911.48 1197124 f
-4
$ T-21 1-06-75 961117 <0. 5 1.83d0.79 <3. 2 <3. 7 4.1912,43 1175 35 * (IIaynes Farm, 2-03-75 1066118 <0. 5 1.4910.48 <3.2 <3.7 3.6912.46 1135*35 -e
~~3. 6 mi. SE 3-03-75 906340 <0. 5 1.9730.52 <3. 2 <3.7 3.48+2.20 1147 33 >~~
~~of plant) - s Mean iSD 978*81 1.7610.25 3.7910.36 1152121 3-31-75 892i39 < 0. 5 1.65d0.51 <3.2 i-~~
<3.7 5.98*l.25 1160i18 -*
5-05-75 835i20 < 0. 5 1.4010.39 <3.2 <3.7 2.97*2.19 1070132 p 5-31-75 980121 < 0. 5 1.3510.36 < 3. 2 <3.7 4.2811.35 1173*19 Mean iSD 9:12*73 1.4710.I6 4.41 1. 51 1134*56
?
1
/
Table 26. . Continued. Date pCi/la Location Collected Gross beta 89 Sr FOSr 1311t > 140 Ba . 137Cs 40g T-24' 1-06-75 905*17 <0. 5 2.94AO.67 <0. 5 <3. 7 < 3. 5 1287*36 (Toft's Dairy in 2-03-75 1051*19 <0. 5 3.3230.57 <0. 5 <3.7 3.59*2.83 1232*38 a' Sandusky, 24. 9 3-03-7.5 942*42 <0. 5 2.4830.48 <0. 5 <3.7 4.36*2.23 '1212 33
~~mi. SE of plant)-~~
~
Mean iSD 966176 2.91*0.42 3.98i0.54 1244139 % 3-31-75 657134 < 0. 5 1.9310.54 <0. 5 <3.7 2.4112.23 1283*34 R 5-05-75 913*20 < 0. 5 2.1410.46 <0. 5 <3.7 < 3. 5 1246134 k 5-31-75 915140 < 0. 5 2.81*0.48 < 0. 5 <3.7 4.38 1.37 1290120 as Mean iSD 8281148 2.2910.46 O 3.4011.39 1273124 ,
~~--e g a The error given is the probable counting err or at the 95'/o confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error. for background sample.~~
~~e b Iodine-131~~
~~<0. 5 values were obtained by chemical separation. The other values were obtained by a gamma spectral analyses.~~
o ,'t Table 27. Milk l37 samples, analyses for calcium, stable potassium, and ratios of pCl90Sr/gCa and pCi Cs/gK, Janua ry-June 1975, Davis-Desse NPP. Date Calcium Pota s sium Location Collected g /1 - ' g/l pCi90Sr/gCa pCil37Cs/gK , T-8 1-06-75 1.01 1.52 1.07 1.96

(Ear 1 Moore Farm 2-03-75 1.05 1.50 1.50 2.74 2.7 mi. WSW of plant) 3-03-75 1.09 1.43 1.03 3.03 3-31-75 1. 13 1.49 1.43 2.38 p 5-05-75 1.10 1.44 1.80 5,40 % 5-31-75 1.07 1.45 2.21 2.92
Mean ISD 1.0810.04 1.4710.04 1.51*0.45 3.07il.21 T-12 1-01-75 1. I 8 1.54 3.86 2._75 a, (Toledo Dairy, 1-29175 1. 12 1.48 3.58 3.06 -
23. 5 mi. WNW of 2-26-75 1. 16 1.50 3.04 3.13 plant) f 3-25-75 1.01 1.52 4.30 3.62 -4 3 5-05-75 1.09 1.42 3.63 2.96 ,"
5-31-75 1. 11 1.49 2.39 2.83 -4 Mean iSD 1. I 1 0.06 1.4910.04 3.47*0.67 3.0610.31 N. T-20 1-06-75 0.97 1.42 1. 75 1.90 s (Daup Fa rm, 5. 4 2-03-75 0.95 1.37 1.95 2.58 , mi. SSE of plant) 3-03-75 1.06 1.39 1.87 4.50 3-31-75 1.05 1.39 1. 71 4.19 . 5-05-75 1. I i 1.38 1.86 5-31-75 1.00 1.43 3.94 p 1.76 2.16 Mean SD 1.0210.06 1.4010.02 1.8210.09 3.21*l.13 4 [
u e . Table 27. Continued. Date Calcium Pota s sium I.oca tion Collected g/l g/l pCi90Sr/gCa pCil37Cs /gK T-21 1-06-75 0.97 1.38 1.81 3.04 (IIaynes Farm, 2-03-75 1. I 1 1.32 1.34 2.80
3. 6 mi. SE of plant) 3-03-75 1.04 1.34 1.89 2.60 3-31-75 1.10 1.36 1.21 4.40 5-05175 1.04 1. 25 1.35 2.18 5-31-75 1. 02 1.37 1. 32 3.12 Mean ASD 1.05*0.05 1.3410.05 1.4910.29 3.02*0.75 1 T-24 1-06-75 0.97 1.51 3.03 1.52 (Toft's Dairy in 2-03-75 1.04 1.44 3.19 2.49
{ Sandusky, 24. 9 mi. 3-03-75 1. 13 1.42 2.19 3.07 E SE of plant) 3-31-75 1.12 1,50 1. 72 1. 61 O 5-05-05 1.03 1.46 2.08 <2.40 h a 5-31-75 1.13 1.51 2.49 2.90 m Mean iSD 1.07 0.07 1.4710.04 2.4510.57 2.52i0.65 [ 4 3 ir
~~- - . .- = _ . . . . - _ - .~~
fndudaal B l 0 - T E S T 2:hwbuss. fna. Table 28. Milk samples collected weekly at Location T-8 (Earl Moore Farm, 3.2 mi WSW of plant); analysis for I-131. Late I-l31 Collected nCi /1" 5-05-75 < 0. 5 . 5-12-75 < 0. 5 5-19-75 NA b 5-27-75 < 0. 5 5-31-75 < 0. 5 6-07-75 < 0. 5 6-16-75 < 0. 5 6-23-75 nab 6-28-75 < 0. 5 l
~~The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample, b~~
NA = Not analy::ed, milk was spoiled. l 73
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f 90 Table 29. Fruit and vegetable samples, analyses fot gross alpha, gross beta, Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, January-June l')75, Davis-Besse NPP. ' Dat e Sample pCi/ca . I.oc ation Collected Tym WeiglMe)_ Gron itpb Grass beta St-90 1-131 Cs 137 K-40 T-8 6-27-75 Apples We t- 8397.0 <0.02 1.2510.03 0.00140.001 <0.01 0.00540.002 1. 4 *0.1 1 (Earl idoore Dry 996.0 <0.13 10.6 10.3 0.03 10.01 <0.05 0.04 40.02 11. 5 A0. 5
' Fa rm. 2.7 mt , Ash 33.3 < 3. 8 3 315 18 0.94 40.25 < l . -19 1.28 20 46 345 *14 l WSW of plant) b.
6-27-75 ' Radishes Wet 5 T-19 3029.0 <0.04 3.3120.11 0.00310.001 <0.01_ .<0.12 4. 3 AO. 2 k ,
- (!diller Fa rm. D ry 166.0 '<0.70 60.4 22.0 0.06 10.02 < 0. 2 4 <0.22 78.013.2 .
l
3. 7 mi S of Ash 29.2 < 3. 96 344 all 0.35 10.12 <l.21 <l.25 443. A18 '
pla nt) g;;p i
! O rn a The error given is the probable counting error at the 957. confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting
~~i O~~
, crror for background sample. Gamma-spectral analysos showed that all other gamma-emitting isotopes were less than the d !. minimum detectable limits. " sn
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~~.h!.e/ual B l 0 - T E S T .!d>uhua fe Table 34. Treated surface water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium, collected from the Erie Industrial Park (T-10,~~
~~6. 5 miles SE of plant ). Davis -Besse NPP.~~
Date oCi/la pCi/ mla Collected Gross aloha Gross beta Tritium 1-06-75 <0.25 2. 40 =0. 2 5 0.33 0.22 1-13-75 0.41 0.37 2.27*0.38 0.39 0.21 1-20-75 0.53*0.41 2.34*0.27 0.56 0.27 1-27-75 <0.44 2.20 0.41 0. 3'O =0. 24 2-03-75 <0.35 1.96 0.28 0.44*0.07 2-10-75 <0.41 1.81 0.41 0.29 0.09 2-1S-75 <0.27 2.81=0.23. O.21 0.06 2-24-75 <0.24 2.94*0.33 0.35 O.09 3-03-75 <0.50 3.10 0.53 0.22 0.10 3-10-75 , <0.53 3.32 0,57 0.29*0.10 3-17-75 <0.44 3.00 0.48 0,29 0.14 3-24-75 <0.47 2.34*0.26 0.3410.07 3-31-75 <0. 4 5 2.43e0.37 0.49*0.10 Mean S. D.b 0.47 0.08 2.53*0.46 0.35 0.10 4-07-75 O.89 0.71 2.74=0.46 0,35*0.10 4-14-75 <0.43 2.82 0.37 0.33=0.07 4-21-75 <0.35 2.47=0.39 0.51*0.10 4-13-75 <0.38 2.49d4.34 0.29 0.10 5-05-75 <0.45 2.51 0,34 0.47 0.08 5-12-75 <0.29 1.80 0.27 0.23 0.07 5-19-75 <0.41 2.I1*0.36 0.29 0.10 5-27-75 <0.45 2.64 0.39 0.22 0.10 5-31-75 <0.52 3.12 0.42 0.27 0.10 6-07-75 <0.64 2.16 0.24 0.29=0.11 6-16-75 <0.43 2.09 0.33 0.26 0.11 6-23-75 <0.12 2.36*0.24 0. 31 0.11 6-28-75 <0.27 2.52 0.37 0.57 0.11 Mean S. D b 0.89 0.71 2.45 0.35 0.34=0.11 The error given is the probabic counting error at the 95% confidence level.
~~-Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background s a mple.~~
Less than (<) values are not included in the mean. 90
l l 7
~~.bLo s . :*~ ?p i gw, pli o ,~~
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~~. C of / -~~
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~~, S l l d o e w~~
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. A i P *c . t O c aN a se L t U o e s .c J.
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~~,l )~~
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t l e - r _f.d E T(T i i r~ , l 8 u i 2 s9 , N A l. e r u g
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fadadual B l 0 - T E S T .!bul>ua. ha. Table 35. Treated' surface water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross
~~beta, and tritium, collected from Port Clinton (T-11, 9. 5 miles SE of plant), Davis-Besse NPP.~~
oCi/l" pCi / ml" Colle cted Gross aloha Gross beta Tritium 1-06-75 <0.51 2.72*0.41 0.33 0.22 1-13-75 <0.30 2.67*0.53 0.26 0.24 1-20-75 <0.33 2.90 0.54 0.32*0.22 1-27-75 <0.36 1.88 0.42 0.36 0.24 2-03-75 <0.51 2.17 0.50 0.24*0.09 2-10-75 <0.38 2.28 0.44 0.22*0.09 2-18-75 <0.27 3.08 0.36 0.26 0.09 2-24-75 <0.29 2.69*0.35 0.32 0.09 3-03-75 <0.51 2.92*0.36 0.29*0.10 3-10-75 <0.54 2.66*0.41 0.20 0.10 3-17-75 <0.38 2.90 0.29 0,30*0.10 3-24-75 <0.45 2.52 0.31 0.39 0.10 3-31-75 <0.77 2.19 0.37 0.43 0.10
~~. Mean~~
~~S. D.h -~~
2.58 0.36 0.30*0.07 4-07-75 <0.61 3.74 0.51 0.28*0.10 4-14-75 <0.73 3.07*0.44 0.32 0.10 4-21-75 0.51 0.44 2.65 0.36 0.32 0.10 4-28-75 0.54 0.44 3.04 0.38 0.38 0.10 5-05-75 0.29*0.19 2.54*0.17 0.41*0.11 5-12-75 <0.50 2.42 0.24 0.13 0.10 5-19-75 <0.43 2.41 0.37 0.27 0.10 5-27-75 <0.39 2.46 0.38 0.19*0.10 5-31-75 <0.71 2.38 0.42 0.10*0.10 6-07-75 <0.43 2.32 0.34 0.26 0.11 6-16-75 <0.50 2.54 0.35 0.21*0.11 6-23-75 0.52 0.40 1.91*0.24 0.35 0.11 6-28-75 <0. 13 1.92 0.34 0.58 0.11 Mean S. D.b 0.47 0.12 2.57 0.49 0.29 0.13 The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background I
~~***E'*~~
b Less than (<) values are not included in the mean. 92
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kdadual B l 0 - T E 5 T .falmalnas kc. ( Table 36. Treated surface water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta,and tritium, collected from Toledo water treatment plant (T-12, 23. 5 miles WNW of plant ), Davis -Bes se NPP. Date oCi/1" pCL /ml" Collected Gross alpha Gross beta Tritium 1-06-75 <0.28 1.60*0.27 <0.30 1-13-75 <0.26 1.28 0.30 C.32 0.09 1-20-75 <0.25 1.29 0.30 0,32 0.09 1-27-75 <0.26 1.50 0.31 0.25*0.09 2-03-75 <0.36 1.74 0.23 0.29 0.10 2-10-75 <0.58 2.30*0.20 0.24 0.09 2-17-75 <0.31 1.61 0.17 0.23 0.09 2-24-75 <0.29 1.44 0.17 0.30*0.09 3-03-75 <0.37 1.71_4.10 0,26*0.10 3-10-75 <0.21 1.69 0.13 0.31 0.06 3-17-75 <0.33 2.12 0.21 0.55 0.10 3-24-75 <0.66 2.31*0.31 0.12 0.10 3-31-75 <0.41 2.20 0.29 0.24 0.10 Mean S. D.b - 1.75*0.36 0.29 0.10 4-07-75 <0.34 1.60 0,32 0.42 0.11 4-14-75 <0.19 1.23*0.18 0.48 0.11 4-21-75 <0.45 2.0S 0.25 0.41 0.08 4-28-75 <0.41 1.82 0.34 0.44 0.11 5-05-75 <0.16 1.91 0.16 0.34 0.11 5-12-75 <0.28 1.70 0.34 0.21 0.10 5-19-75 <0.27 1.90 0,33 0.16*0.10 5-26-75 <0.20 1.74 0.32 0.48 0.10 6-02-75 0.27 0.26 1.77 0.35 0.15=0.07 6-09-75 <0.28 1.61 0.28 0.26 0.11 6-16-75 <0.13 1.57*0.23 0.32 0.11 6-23-75 * <0.12 1.47 0.19 0.25 0.11 6-30-75 0.32 0.26 1.74 0.29 0.28 0.11 Mean S. D.b 0.30 0.04 1.71*0.21 0.32 0.12 a The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for l background sample. l b Less than (<) values are not included in the mean. I 94 1 s
fndudd B l 0 - T E S TO.%.b.ui. k. - O O . O O - C
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fatual B i 0 - T E S T lakt.>as. Ja Table 37. Treated surface water samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium, collected from Unit 1 treated water supply (T-28, onsite), Davis -Bes se NPP. Date oCillb oCi/mlb Collected Gross aloha Gross beta Tritium 1-06-75 <0.29 2.39*0.30 0.29*0.22 1-13-75 0.36*0.36 2.19 0,36 0.49 0.27 1-20-75 0.39*0.35 2.26*0.36 0.26*0.22 1-27-75 <0.33 2.12*0.37 0.39 0.OS 2-03-75 <0.41 1.88*0.42 0.41*0.10 2-10-75 <0.42 2.30 0.31 0.24 0.10 2-18-75 <0.26 2.54t0.29 0.31*0.09 2-24-75 <0.51 2.59*0.18 0. 3 3 *0. r0 3-03-75 <0.46 2.48*0.25 0.29*0.10 3-10-75 <0.54 3.22 0.43 0.26 0.10 3-17-75 0.63 0.45 2.72 0.26 0,32 0.08 3-24-75 <0.50 2.41 0.26 0.47 0.20 3-31-75 <0.49 2.60*0.38 0.21 0.10 Mean S. D.b 0.46 0.15 2.44t0.33 0.33 0.09 4-07-75 <0,59 3.09*0.41 0.33 0.10 4-14-75 <0.28 2.40 0.31 0.29 0.10 4-21-75 <0.33 2.52 0.34 0.40 0.10 4-28-75 <0.82 2.80 0.37 0.32 0.10 5-05-75 0.29 0.22 2.54 0.26 0.49 0.11 5-12-75 <0.45 2. 13*0. 49 0.21 0.10 5-19-75 N. S. c N. S. N.S. 5-27-75 <0.47 2.28*0.53 0.19 0.10 5-31-75 0.67 0.64 2.89 0,56 0.12 0.10 6-07-75 <0.35 2.14 0.24 0.26 0.11 6-16-75 <0.33 2.51 0.27 0.51 0.11 6-23-75 <0.12 1.02 0.24 0.28*0.11 6-28-75 <0.24 1.97 0.30 0.33*0.11
~~,Mean~~
~~S. D.D 0.48*0.27 2.36*0.53 0.31 0.12~~
~~" The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level.~~
Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for bacl< ground sa mple. Less than (<) values are not included in the mean. C Sample lost in transit. 96
bh r.L m o. s ig; s gr 3l i 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 r e t C a _ 8 , E w
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faut.at ial B i 0 - T E S T 2doubst. Joe. Table 38. Treated surface water samples, cuarterly composites of weekly grab samples, for January-March and April-June 1975, analyses for 90Sr and gamma-emitting isotopes, Davis-Besse NPP. Date oCi/la Location Comoos ited 90Sr 137Cs b T-10 Jan. -Mar. <0. 5 <3.7 (Erie Industrial Park tap Apr. -Jun. O.64*0.27 <3.7 water, 6. 5 mi. SE of plant) T-11 J n. -Mar. < 0. 5 < 3. 7 (Port Clinton tap water Apr. -Jun. < 0. 5 <3.7
~~9. 5 mi. SE of plant)~~
~~T-12 Jan. -hiar. < 0. 5 <3.7 (Toledo tap water, Apr. -Jun. <0.5 <3.7~~
~~23. 5 mi. WNV7 of plant)~~
T-28 Jan. -hiar. < 0. 5 <3.7 (Unit 1 Treated water supply, Apr. -Jun. 0.77 0.29 <3.7 onsite) a The error given is the probable counting error at the 955 confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background s a mple.
~~b No other gamma-emitting isotopes were detected above background level.~~
98
'~
~~o . 9&M G i 0 - T E S T .la.kabria k.~~
~~. Table 39. Untreated surface water samples, monthly composites of~~
, weekly grab samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium, January-June 1975. , Crose alen rect /IP C.es beta 'eClit pa Date Suspended Dissolved Total Suspended Dissolved Total T rithm Location Cetteeted settie s olid e r tdue saHd, solids ?estdve ec t imt
T.I. January 0.56a0.l6 < 0. 2 5 40.97 I.07a0.19 2. 74e0.23 3. 8 t eo. 20 < 0. 29 (Site boundary. 0. 6 Februa ry 1. 58 a0. 59 1.29*0.49 2.87a0.77 3.10ao. 2 4 3.92 0.34 7.0240.42 < 0. 2 0 mt NE of plant near March t.0740.46 <0.29 1.07s6.46 2.23ao.36 2.7240.29 4. eleo. 46 0, 2 2 ac. 08 talet canal) Mean a$.D.b g,97al.27 5.26st.62 0.22a0.08
~~. Aprit 0. 21a0.18 < 0. 44 <0.83 0. 78ao. 2 6 2.95a0.41 3.73*0.49 0.46a0.05~~
~~! . May 0.12a0.09 40.36 < 0. 57 0.34ao.15 2.65:0.23 2.99 0.27 0.32:0.11~~
, June <0.10 < 0. 2 3 < 0. 3 8 0. 24a0. I 5 2.08*0.37 2.32 0.80 0. ? ?*0. t o Mean a3.D. . 3.01a0.71 0. 35a0. 09 T.2 Januarye 0.65ao.24 0.38a0.34 1.03a0.42 0.63a0.20 2.33e0.32 2.96a0.38 0.31:0.25 (Site beanda ry. 0. 9 February d <0.16 0.47ac.30 0,4740.30 0. 36a0.23 ?. 3 4 ec. 2 4 2.70e0 33 0.23ao.02 j mt E of plant) March I.0960.45 <0.42 f.Co*0.45 I. 87a0. 3 4 2.5940.42 4.46*6.29 1.34*1 10 Mean a$.D. C.86a0.34 3.37a0.95 0.29:0.46 April 0.86a0.25 < 0. 37 <!.48 1. 7 t e0. 2 4 3.43eo.46 5.84ac.52 0.3110.37 May 0.9340.29 < 0. 49 , c l. 71 1.75a0.23 2.49ao.16 4. 2 4 e0,28 0. 40ac. 08 June 0. 66 a 0. 2 6 0.43a0.42 1.00*0.44 1.18 a0. 2 0 2.73ao.41 3. et to. 45 0.30eo.10 Mean aS. D. 1.09a0.49 4.43a0.64 0.34s0.Co T.3 Janua rye (Site boundary. l. 4 rebruaryd CO.17 0.5440.32 0.54a0.32 0. 2 4ed. 22 2.04a0.25 2.28*0.33 0.27ao.08 mt SE of plant near March 0.99*0.38 0.47a0.43 1. 46 e1. ? ? 1.62a0.32 1.58ao.38 4.20*9.50 0 ?*** 'O Toussaint it tver and Mean *S. D. 1.0040.e5 3.24st.J6 0.27e0.00 storm drain) 1 Aprit 0.80*0.38 1.04*0.68 1.84*0.78 0. 82 a0. 26 I.04*0.58 l.86a0.64 0. 3 6 a0.10 May 0.35a0.22 < 0. 2 8 40.85 0.!8 0.25 2.8340.23 3.41a0.34 0.42a3.!! June 0.66:0.21 0.65ao.34 1.3tta.39 0. 6 5a3.19 2.78ao.23 3. 4 4*c. 34 m. 2 ? eo. t ' Mesa aS.D. 1.58*0.37 2.90ac.90 0.34*0.10 T.to January 0.35ao.16 0.3240.28 0.67a0.32 0.3530.16 2.4040.37 2.75*0.38 0. 2 4 a). 2 3 (Erie Indaatrial Park Februa ry 0.93*0.36 <0.48 <l.77 0.94ae.17 2. 8 3a o. 2 9 3.77ao.37 0.25ao.cl intake. 6.5 mL SE March 1.00ao.45 < 0. 2 9 1.0S*1 45 2.20*0.36 2.98ao.45 9.19
~~0. * % a. 21si ?9 of plant) Mean as. D. O. 8 4a 0. 2 3 3.90st.22 0.25=0.;2 I~~
~~April 0.77*0.33 0.75a0.48 1.52a0.58 0.79 0.26 . 2.75ao.40 3.54a0.48 0.43ao.10 May <0.11~~
f
< 0. 2 9 <0.40 <0.25 2. 75a0. 2 7 2.75a0.27 0. 59*3.12 June 0.40*0.24 < 0. 2 7 < 0. 41 0. 63 a0. 27 2.66a0.38 3.29*0.41 0. ??
3.11 Mean aS.D. I.5240.56 3.1940.40 0.45 0. I 4 j T ll January 0.30 0,16 <0.25 <0.71 0.35eo.16 2.35*0.31 2.70ao.35 0.26a0.23
, (Port C11aton water Februa ry ' O.95*0. 44 0.63eo.61 1.58*0.75 2.36so.22 3. 2 7ao. 3 0 5.63a0.40 0.23:0.09 intake. 9. 5 mt SE tiarch 0.64*0.36 0.45a0.40 1.0**0.44 1.82:0.33 2.10*0.40 3.*2*0.50 0.?2ea ?e 1 of plant) Mean es. D. 1.34eo.35 4.0 Sat.47. l 0.27a3.05 i j . Apre 0.49a0.27 1.01 0.80 1.50 3.84 0. 67ac. 2 5 3. 2 8e 0. 43 3.95a0.50 0.3teo.10 t May 0.16a3.15 < 0. 2 8 < 0. 59 < 0. 2 5 2. 27a 0. 2 4 <2.76 0. 31a0.10 June 0.16a3.16 <0.28 <0.60 0. 44eo. 2 6 2.68a0.35 3. 12*o. 46 0.28*0.11 i i Meaa *S. D. 1. 50ao. 8 4 3.54*0.59 0.29:0.03 T.12 Janua ry 0.33a0.18 C O. 2 4 <0.75 0.74a0.19 3.70sc.33 (Toledo water intake,
~~3. 0f a0. 33 0.26 3.25~~
. Feb rua ry . 0. 42 a0. 2 4 I. 23ao. 75 1.65 0.79 0.7taa.16 2. 05 so. 2 4 2.76a0.35. 0.24 0.09 23.5 ml WNW of March 0.68:0.37 1.61*0.73 2.3190.R? 1. 58a0. 32 3.53 0.47 1. t t ei. 57 0.55 0.98 i plant! Mean es.D. 1.98a0.47 3.89at.la 0.33a0,14 i
Aprt! 0.3840.20 < 0. 56 <t.14 0.58*0.18 2.76a0.40 3.34eo.44 0.32a0.07 i May 0.20$0.17 <0.23 <0.60 <0.25 2.37*0.22 _< 2. 85 0.25a0.to June { 5
0. 20a o.16 0.38a0.37 0. 5 8 +0. 43 < 0. 2 4 2.79ac.39 2.74 0.32 o. ? 3 ei. !! i Mean AS.D. 0. 58 a0. 4 3 3.07:0.39 3. 30ao. 04
' ~ a The error given is the prebable counting error at the 95'* confidence level. Lees than (<l valsee are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample, b i Less than M) values are net included in the maan. I e one-week sample only, due to inctement weather.
~~d Two. weck sample only. due to inctement weather.~~
~~Sanepte of Insuf6ctent size for analyses.~~
~~I 99 '~~
~~, . - ~~ .-- - - , - . a ..--;-- . .---~~
~~A4atual B I O - T E 5 T laka!.nia, f.se. '~~
Table 40. Untreated surface water samples, quarterly composites of weekly grab samples, for January-htarch and April-June 1975, analyses for 90Sr and gamma-emitting isotopes, Davis-Besse NPP. Dates oC1/1" Location comoosited WSr 2#'Cs T-1 Jan. -htar. 0.65 0.21 <3.7 (Site boundary, O. 6 mi. NE cf A pr. -Jun. O.75*0.35 <3.7 i plant near inlet canal) T-2 Jan. -htar. N. S. c N. S. (Site boundary, O. 9 mi. E of A pr. -Jun. 1.19*0.25 <3.7
;
~~plant) T-3 Jan. -htar. N. S. M. S. (Toussaint River, site boundary, Apr. -Jun. 0.83 0.24 <3.7~~
~~1. 4 mi. SE of plant)~~
~~T - 10 Jan. -hta r. O.66 0.24 < 3. 7 (Eric Iadus trial Park intake, A pr. -Jun.. O.73 0.23 4.90.6~~
~~6. 5 mi. SE of plant)~~
~~T-11 Jan. -Mar. O.73 0.23 <3.7 (Port Clinton water intake, A pr. -Jun. O.72 0,24 3.9 1.I~~
~~11. 5 mi. SE of plant)~~
~~T-12 Jan. -Mar. O.50 0.23 < 3. 7 l (Toledo water intake, Apr. -Jun. O.70*0.36 <3.7~~
~~23. 5 mi. WNW of plant)~~
The error given is the probable counting error at the 95?*o confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background l s ample. I b c No other gamma-emitting isotopes were detected above background level. l N. S. -No sample received due to inclement weather. i i ! 100
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Tabic 41. Fish samples, analyses for gross beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, collected from Lake Eric in the vicinity of site (T-1, site boundary, NE of station), Davis-Besse NPP. Date Sample pCi/ga Type of fish collected type Weight (g) Gross beta 90Sr 137Cs 40K Perch 5-27-75 Muscle Wet 766.0 2.710.1- NA 0.01610.004 2. 9* 0.1 Ash 13.3 158- i4 NA 0.95 10.24 170 7 Bone Dry 23.3 'NA 0.6410.13 NA NA h g Ash 8. 9 NA 1.6720.17 NA NA { Carp 5-27-75 Muscle Wet 1115.0 2.110.1 NA 0.01010.001 O 2.3i0.1 Ash 10.2 234 NA 1.14 10.16 5
*7 253 *5 k " m Done Dry 55,7 NA 1.0910.12 NA NA
A sh 26.9 NA 2.23*0.26 NA NA Gizzard 5-27-75 Muscle Wet 1066.0 2.410.I NA 0,009*0.007 2. 3 i 0. 2 tr Shad Ash 15.I 168 16 NA 0.63 10,50 160 A14 k Bone Dry 23.7 NA 0.4810.09 NA NA Ash 10.O NA 1.1510.22 NA NA a
The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample. Gamma spectral analyses showed I' that all other gamma-emitting isotopes were less than the minimum detectable levels. NA = Not analyzed. Analysis not required. c
Table 42. Fish samples, analyses for gross beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, collected from Maumec Bay, Davis-Desse NPP. Dat e Sample pCi/ga Type of fish collected type Weight (g) Gross beta 903r 137Cs 40K Alewives 6-06-75 Whole We t 1525.0 2.7810.I3 0.0210.01 0.06910.004 2.610.1 Ash 38.0 112 is 0.8710.I8 2.77 10.I8 105 14 Perch 6-06-75 Muscle Wet 952.0 2.8410.12 nab 0.01910.006 2,410.2 Ash 21.3 127 15 0.86 10.29 108 18 h, Bone Dry 9. 5 NA 0.7210.1I NA NA k Ash 4. 2 NA 1.6110.24 NA NA - O - Gizzard 6-06-75 Muscle Wet 1344.0 3.94 0.15 NA 0.012*0.001 2.410.I b w Shad Ash 20.4 260 19.9 NA 0.78 10.10 161 13 *
~~Bone D ry 31.I NA 0.3610.09 NA NA Ash 14.3 NA 0.7810.19 NA NA~~
" The error given is the probable counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample. Gamma spectral analyses showed p that all other gamma-emitting isotopes were less than the minimum detectable levels.
b NA = Not analyzed. Analysis not required. 4
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Table 43. Bottom sediment samples, analyses for gross alpha, gross beta, 90Sr, and gamma-emitting isotopes, Davis-Besse NPP. Date pCi/g dry weight Location Collected Gross alpha Gross beta '*Sr Cs 401 ( T-1 (Site boundary, 0. 6 mi, NE of plant) 5-29-75 <2.53 12.811.9 0.2110.18 0.0410.01 12.210.3 s T-29 i i ( Lake Erie, intake area
~~1. 5 mi. . NE of plant) 6-24-75 <3.83 18.6t3.0 <0.20 0.0410.03 16.210.7 m~~
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a re based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample. Gamma-spectral analyses showed that - all other gamma-emitting isotopes were less than the minimum detectable limits. f-P i
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nw fds4/al B 10 - T E 5 T . blow /ex fac. V. References Cited Arnold, J. R. and H. A. Al-Salih. 1955. Bery11ium-7 produced by Cosmic Rays. Science 121:451-453. Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc. 1973a. Preoperational environ-mental radiological monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio. July through December 1972. IBT Project No. W1997. Northbrook, Illinois.
. 1973b. Preoperational environmental radiological monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio. First Quarterly P eport, January through March 1973. IBT Project No. 64301997.
~~Northbrook, Illinois.~~
~~. 1973c. Preoperational. environmental radiological monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio. Second Quarterly Report, April through June 1973. IBT Project No. 64301997.~~
~~Northbrook, Illinois.~~
. 1973d. Preoperational environmental radiological monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio. Third Quarterly Report, July through September 1973. IET Project No. 64301997.
~~Northbrook, Illinois.~~
~~. 1974a. Preoperational environmental radiological monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio. Fourth Quarterly Report, October through December 1973. IBT Project No.~~
64301997. Northbrook, Illinois. 1974b. Preoperational environmental radiological monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio. Se mi-Annual Report, January-June 1974. IBT Project No. 64301997. Northbrook, Illinois. 1975. Preoperational environmental radiological monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio. Se mi-Annual Report, July-December 1974. IBT Project No. 64305590. Northbrook, Illinois. National Center for Radiological Health. 1968. Section 1. Milk and food. Radiological Health Data and Reports. Vol. 9, Number 12. 730-746. Russell, R. S. and R. S. Bruce. 1969. Environmental contamination with fallout from nuclear weapons. A review. Proc. Environmental Contamination by Radioactive Materials. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna. 3 p. 107 4
fadad:ial B l 0 - T 5 S T lainwLna. != APPENDIX A Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radioactivity in Air and Water
fdudu'al B l 0 - T E S T .!&wbu*s. k. Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radioactivity in Air and Water" Air Water Gross alpha 3 pCi/m3 Strontium- 89 3,000 pC1/1 Gross beta 100 pCi/m3 Strontium-90 300 pC1/1 Iodine-131b 0.14 pCi/m 3 Ce sium-137 20,000 pCi/l Barium- 140 20,000 pCi/l Iodine - 131 300 pCi/l Potas sium-40c 3,000 pCi/l Gross Alpha 30 pCi/l Gross Beta 100 pCi/l Gross Betad 1,000 oCi/1 Taken from Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part 20, Tabic II and appropriate footnotes, b From 10 CFR 20 but adjusted by a factor of 700 to reduce the dose c resulting from the air-grass-cow-milk-child pathway. A natural radionuclide, 30 FR 15801, in footnotes 10 CFR Part 20, Table II. d Federal drinking water 1962, U.S. Public Health Service. A-1
9ndudal B l 0 - T E S T 2alascL>ua. Ja APPENDLT B Radiochemical Analytical Procedures
i fndadual. B l 0 - T 5 S T la&Sva, k. l APPENDIX B Radiochemical Analytical Procedures k
B-1 fmiud:id 8 i O - T c S T .idoub~.ia. fau:. Radiochemical Analvtical Procedures All procedures are equal to or better than those recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service 1/ A. Airborne Particulates
~~1. Gross Aloha and Gross Beta Store the sample for 5 days from the day of collection to allow for decay of short-lived radon and thoron daughters.~~
Place the 47 mm filter on a stainless steel planchet and count the samples in a Beckman Widebeta-II Proportional Counter. Calculate the activity in pCi/m3 , correcting for the counter efficiency. Calculations Gross alpha (beta) activity, pCi/m3= A _* 2YE g w2 , gy2 B x C x 2. 22 B x C x 2. 22 Where: A = net alpha (beta) count rate (cpm) B = efficiency for counting alpha (beta) activity (cpm /dpm) C = volume of sample (m3) Esb = counting error of sample plus background
Eb = c unting error of background

2. Gamma Analyses by NaI(TI) detector Place the filter on a 4" x 4" sodium iodide crystal detector.
Determine the gamma spectrum using 512 channels of the gamma spectrometer with a setting of 5 Kev per channel. Identify gamma emitters (if present) by their specific energy peaks. 1/ U. S. Public Health Service. January 1967. Radioassav Procedures for Environmental Samoles.
B-2 . Jndudsad B i 0 - T E S T la.LuaL>ua, 9,.c. Calculations Follow the same procedure as for gross alpha (beta) calculations, 4 except make additional correction for radioactive decay. Note: If more than one isotope is present use the method of simultaneous equations to calculate net count rate.
~~3. Gamma analvses by Ge(Li) detector 3~~
~~Place the filter on 86. 8 cm detector. Determine the gamma spectrum rising 4096 channels of gamma spectrometer with a setting of~~
~~0. 5 Kev per channel. Identify gamma emitters (if present) by their specific energy peaks.~~
Calculations Follow the same procedure as for NaI detector calculations if total efficiency for a particular isotope is used. If gamma efficiency is used make additional corrections for branching factor (abundance) and electron conversion factor.
~~4. Strontium-90 Strontium and barium carrier are added to the composited filter paper samples and fused with sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.~~
The melt is taken up in distilled water, washed and treated with sedium carbonate to yield a precipitate of alkaline earth carbonates. Silicates are removed by dehydration with nitric acid and the carbonate converted to nitrates. Radium is coprecipitated with barium as chromate; calcium is separated by reprecipitation in nitric acid; and rare earth impurities are
B-3 fdastaal B l 0 - T E 5 T lasuahua. fa removed by adding scavenger solution. Strontium carbonate is precipitated, dissolved in nitric acid, yttrium carrier added and the solution is stored for yttrium-90 ingrowth. The strontium is again precipitated and separated from 70% nitric acid with the yttrium nitrate being in the supernate. Yttrium nitrate is then converted into oxalate and collected on a glass fiber filter for counting. Calculations Strontium-90 activity (pCi/m 3) = A BxCxDxExF Where: A = net beta count rate of yttrium 90 (cpm) B = recovery of strontium carrier C = efficiency for counting yttrium 90 as yttrium oxalate (cpm /dpm) D = sample volume (meters) E = correction factor e-ht for yttrium 90 decay, where t is the time from decantation of the strontium supernate (Step 19) to the time of counting (Step 25). F = correction factor 1-e A t for the degree of equilibrium B. Airborne Iodine Transfer charcoal to a plastic scintillation vial. Place the vial in the Automatic Gamma Counter (Packard Instrument Co. Model 5975) and count. Record time. Calculations I3I A i I activity (pCi) = ! B x 2. 22 l t 7~
B -4 9dadd 8 i O - T E S T Ac!w%, fa s-131 I in the 0,36 MeV peak. Where: A = net count rate of I3I I activity in 0. 36 B = efficiency for counting MeV peak (cpm /dpm) Correction for decay: 2 A, = A A1 e At2 A ie when t1 <<1 F (1 - e- A tl Fxt g Where: A 0 = activity of 1311 at the time of collection (pCi/m ) A1 = activity of 131 I at time of counting e = 2.71828 A = 0. 693 / half life (days) = 0. 693 /8. 08 = 0. 09576/ day
~~ti = duration of collection (in days) t,~~
~~~ = elapsed time between collection and counting (in days)~~
F = m3/ day C. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Place TLD crystal on the crystal holder and read current between 140 and 250* C. Repeat the reading. Calculations Subtract the second reading from the first to obtain net reading. Calculate exposure in mR, using calibration curve obtained with TLD crystals exposed to a known source (Ra). D. Water
~~1. Gross Aloha and Gross Beta in Total Residue Evaporate the sample in a beaker to a small volume, quantita-tively transfer to a 2" stainless steel planchet, evaporate to dryness, bake 1~~
l
fndadual 8 l 0 - T E S T lalosabua .%c. in the muffle furnace to a dark cherry red color (550 *C), cool in a dessicator and count in a Beckman Widebeta-II Proportional Counter. Calculate the gross alpha and beta activity in the total residue in pCi/1, correcting for efficiency, self-absorption, and volume. Calculations Gross alpha (beta) activity, pCi/ liter = A 2kEsb + Eb BxCxDx 2.22 BxCxDx 2.22 Where: A = net alpha (beta) count (cpm) B = efficiency for counting alpha (beta) activity (cpm /dpm) C = volume of sample (liters) D = correction factor for self-absorption in the sample Esb = counting error of sample plus background Eb = counting error of background
2. Gross Aloha and Gross Beta in Suseended and Dissolved Solids Filter one liter of water through a 47 mm diameter membrane filter with 0. S micron pore. Dry the filter paper, put it in the stainless steel planchet and add a few drops of solution of glucote in acetone. Let it dry. Count in a Widebeta-II Proportional Counter.
Evaporate filtrate to a small volume, quantitatively transfer to a 2" stainless steel planchet, evaporate to dryness, bake in the muffle furnace to a dark cherry red color (550 *C), cool in a dessicator and count.
B-6 Adatual B 10 - T E 5 T lad >wls.za, Ac. Calculations Calculations are similar to those for air particulates and well water.
3. Tritium (direct ' ountine) c Distill a 10-m1 to 50-m1 water sample just to dryness. Dispense 3 ml of distilled sample and 15 ml of scintillation medium into a vial. Count the sample in Liquid Scintillation Counter for 4 to 8 hours, depending on -
sample activity. Calculation s Tritium activity (pCi/ml) = A B x 2. 22 x C Where: A = net count rate of tritium (cpm) B = efficiency for counting tritium (cpm /dpm) C = sample volume
~~4. Strontium-90 The acidified sample of clear water, with stable strontium and calcium carriers, is treated with cxalic acid at pH 3.0 to precipitate~~

insoluble exalates. The oxalates are' dissolved in nitric acid and strontium nitrate is separated from calciurp as a precipitate, in 70% nitric acid. The residue is purified by adding iron and rare earth carriers and precipitating them as hydroxides. Afte.r'a second strontium nitrate precipitation from 70% nitric acid, the nitrates are dissolved in water and, with added yttrium carrier, are stored for ingrowth of yttrium-90. The strontium is again precipitated, and separated from 70% nitric acid, with the yttrium nitrate being in the
r
~~.--.. _ _.~ m.~~
Au!.atual B l O - T E S T la!nwbua, k. supe rnate. For counting either total radiostrontium, yttrium-90 or both, each fraction is precipitated separately as an oxalate and collected on a glass fiber filter or planchet. Calculations Follow the same procedure as for air particulate samples. E. Pre cipitation
1. Gross Beta Transfer solids and liquids in the container to a beaker, evaporate to a small volume, and quantitatively transfer to a tared planchet for counting.

2. Tritium (direct counting)
~~Follow the same procedure as for water. Calculations Follow the same procedure as for water. F. Bottom Sediments and Soil~~
~~1. Gross Alpha and Gross Beta~~
, Dry, grind, and sieve the sample. Place 100-200 mg of sample into a 2" planchet and count in a Beckman Widebeta-II Proportional Counter. Calculate the activity, correcting for efficiency and self-absorption.
2. Gamma by Ge(Li) detector Dry and grind 0. 5 to 1.0 kilagrams of the sample. Put 450 cc in a one-pint container, place on the detector and count.

3. Strontium-90 Fuse the sample with sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
hd.atual 810 - T E S T .h!aahues, ha. B-8 Dissolve in hydrochloric acid. Purify strontium by removing existing yttrium using the TBP extraction method. Hold for one to twc weeks to allow for new yttrium ingrowth. Repeat the TBP extraction to separate yttrium-90, count and calculate strontium-90 from yttrium-90 activity. Calculations Follow the same procedures as for air particulate samples. G. Milk
1. Iodine-131, Barium- 140, Cesium-13 7, Potas sium-40 and Stable K by Gamma Soectroscoov An aliquot of the milk sample is poured into a Marinelli-type beaker and counted on 4" x 4" NaI (T1) crystal. The isotopes are identified by their specific energy peaks and activities are calculated using the methed of simultaneous equations.
~~Note: Stable K (g/1) = A 830 Where: A = activity of K-40 in pCi/1,1 g of potassium contains 830 pCi of K-40.~~
2. Strontium -89 and Strontium 00 and Calcium Age the sample for at least two (2) weeks to allow the yttrium-90 daughter ingrowth. Add carriers to one (1) liter of milk and separate yttrium from strontium, barium and calcium by passing the milk sample successively through cation- and anion-exchange resin columns. Yttrium, which is retained by the anion-exchange resin, is cluted with hydrochloric acid (HC1) and precipitated as the oxalate. The precipitate is weighed to determine recovery of yttrium carrier and is then counted for yttrium-90
B -9 b1"^ul B l O - T 5 5 T laduate.ia, k. (, activity. Strontium-90 is calculated from these data. Strontium, barium and calcium are eluted from the cation-exchange resin with a sodiunt chloride (NaC1) solution, diluted, and precipitated as carbonates. The carbonates are converted to nitrates and strontium and barium nitrates are precipitated. The nitrate precipitate is dissolved and the barium is precipitated as the chromace'. From the supernate, strontium is precipitated as the nitrate, dissolved in water, and reprecipitated as strontium nitrate. The nitrate is converted to the cxalate, which is filtered, weighed to determine strontium carrier recovery, and counted for " total radiostrontium. " " Total radiostrontium" and yttrium-90 are counted in the Beckman Widebeta-II Proportional Counter. The concentration of strontium-89 is calculated as the l difference between the activity for " total radiostrontium" and the activity due to strontium-90. ! Calcium is determined from an aliquot of the cation-exchange [ column eluate described above. After dilution, calcium oxalate is precipitated, dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid (HC1), the oxalate is titrated with standardized potassium permanganate, and calcium calculated. Calculations
a. Strontium-90 Follow the same procedure as for air particulate filters,

b. Strontium-89 Strontium-89 activity (pCi/1) = I A - F(GxH - IxJ BxC _D x E _
1
+
~~"-IO fe%! B I O - T E 5 T 1h. h.~~
i Where: A = net beta count rate of " total radiostrontium" (cpm) B = counter efficiency for counting strontium 89 as strontium oxalate mounted on a 2. 5-cm diameter membrane filter (cpm /pCi) C = correction factor e-At for strontium-89 decay, where t is the time from sample collection to the time of counting. D = recovery of strontium carrier E = volume of milk sample (1) F = strontium-90 concentration (pCi/1) from Part a. G = self-absorption factor for strontium-90 as strontium oxalate mounted on a 2,5-cm diameter membrane filter, (F -16) H = counter efficiency for counting strontium-90 as strontium oxalate mounted on a 2. 5-cm diameter
~~...embrane filter (cpm /dpm)~~
~~I = counter efficiency for counting yttrium-90 as yttrium o:calate mounted on a 2. 5-cm diameter membrane~~
~~, J = correction factor 1 -e-~~
~~for yttrium-90 ingrowth, l where t is the time from the last decantation of the nitric acid supernate from the strontium nitrate precipitate to the time of counting 4~~
~~c. Calcium Calcium (g/1) = AxBxC D~~
Where: A = volume of KMnO 4 solution used for titration (ml) B = normality of standardized KMnO4 solution (meq/ml) (average of three values from the standardization). C = -milli-equivalent of calcium (mg/meq) e n - ..--e
B-11 AM91 8 i O - T E S T .!almahim, k D = sample volume (ml) Since the sample is 20 ml and the milli-equivalent weight of calcium is 20 mg, the equation reduces to calcium (g/1) = AxB H. Domestic Meat. Fish, Clams and Wildlife Gross Beta, Strontium c0, and Gamma Scan Separate flesh from bones and ash at 400 *C; ash bones at 600
~~C, Follow the same procedures as for soil.~~
~~I. Food Croos and Vegetation~~
1. Gross Aloha and Gross Beta Dry and grind the sample. Transfer 100-200 mg of the dry sample to a stainless steel planchet and count in a Beckman Widebeta-II Proportional Counter. Correct for efficiency and self-absorption.

2. Gamma Scan by NaI detector Dry and grind two (2) to three (3) kilograms of the sample.
Put 450 cc in a one-pint container, place on a 4" x 4" sodium iodide crystal detector and gamma scan using 512 channels of Gamma Spectrometer set at five (5) Kev per channel. Calculate the activity, correcting for counter e fficiency.
~~3. Gamma Scan by Ge(Li) detector Follow the same procecure as for NaI detector except correct for branching factor and electron transition factor when rising gamma i efficiency.~~
~~B - 17. 9 M ul B l O - T 5 S T A W 9,w. t~~
4. Strontium-90 Dissolve ashed sample in hydrochloric acid (HC1) and purify strontium by removing existing yttrium using the tri-n-butyl phosphate (TEP) extraction method. Hold for one to two weeks to allow for new yttrium ingrowth. Repeat the TBP extraction to separate yttrium-90, count and calculate strontium-90 from the yttrium-90 activity.
Calculations . Follow the same procedures as for soil. J. Wine Gross Alnha, Gross Beta. Strontium-90 and Gamma Sean Evaporate one liter of wine or grape juice to dryness in a beaker. Add a few ml of H2SO4 and digest over a hot plate. Ash at 600'C. Analyses and Calculations Follow the same procedures as for vegetation samples.
( a d M 2 2 A U) H l i r
~
g % PRE-0PERATIONAL TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY M0ilITORING FOR THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION, UtlIT I SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT, JUNE 1975 Prepared for Toledo Edison Company Toledo, Ohio (' by Environmental Studies Center Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 August 1975 .;.
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Bowling Green State University Environmental Studies Center Bowling Creen, Ohio 43403 a CvP SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT DAVIS-BESSE TERRESTRIAL MONITORING CONTRACT JUNE 1975 A. Designation and Mapping of Plant Communities Ernest S. Hamilton and David Preston Department of Biological Sciences Introduction In the period between December of 1974 and June of 1975 the first ful1 cycle of floral sampling was completed for all major study areas. This in-cludes the la0 quadrats of the woods adjacent to the cooling tower, 38 quadrats in the Box Elder-Hackberry area, 22 quadrats in the Hackberry II area, 6 quadrats in the Kentucky Coffee-Hackberry area, and 7 quadrats in the area designated as Hackberry I. With the completion of this sampling it is now possible to compare the spring and f all floras of extensive areas on the Davis-Besse site. Constructior, of a permanent sampling area at Darby marsh was completed early in 1975. Vegetation monitoring at this site, however, was discontinued due to the disturbence to study plots by the Corps of Engineers dike. construction project. Several lakeshore areas were considered as alternative control sites. These included a more inland woodlot at Darby marsh, parts of Little Cedar Point Wilditfa Refuge, and three woodlots near the Crane Creek ranger station. The first site was eliminated because of inappropriate vegetation composition and extensive standing water within the wooded areas. The second was eliminated because of disturbance to vegetation communities and inaccessibility due to high lake levels. The last area, although not ideal, appears to be the best alternative reference site. Although it is somewhat different in vegetational ( composition, it is easily accessible, and studies will not be hindered by possible construction or vandalism. Mapping of one of the woodlots at this
I e A-2 location has been started, and the first quantitative canparisons between it and the vegetation at the Davis-Besse site will appear in the next semi-annual report. Mapping of the soils in the cooling tower woods was completed in March. A breakdown of vegetation canmunities, based on the two soil types present,
- was prepared; and quantitative analyses were run on the separate vegetation communities. Results of this will indicate to what extent the soil influences the- vegetational composition of the area. A multiple regression analysis will be run on the two areas of flora using ten soil factors. From this analysis those f actors within the soil type which most influence the flora should become apparent. These will be incorporated into the next semi-annual report.
Also completed at this time is the annotated list of all vascular flora species present in the Davis-Besse site area. The list is included in Appen-dix A of this report. All methods of collection and data treatment are identical to those pre-viously described (Section A, Semi-Annual Report, June 1974). All nomenclature follows Fernald (1950). Results and Discussion Importance Values (IVs) for woody and herbaceous species frca each com - munity are provided in Tables A-1 and A-2 and compared with corresponding fall, 1974 data. Values for the more abundant species also are presented graphically in Figures Al-AS. Seasonal fluctuations occur in the seedling layer and are intensified by climatic patterns. The near-drought conditions during 1974 were associated with the failure of many Acer negundo seedlings to germinate and death for many that did. Celtis occidentalis, although affected by lack of moisture, has a wider range of moisture tolerance (Hamilton and Forsyth,- 1972) and had a higher
\
survival rate. l
A-3 Relative abundar.ce of species may shift. For example, Celtis occidentalis decreased in Importance Value in all study areas from the Fall to the Spring (with the exception of the Hackberry-Kentucky Coffee Tree area). While actual reproduction and germination rates of this species may have not changed at all, other species significantly increased germination during the Spring. Thus Acer negundo increased in Importance Value from Fall to Spring in both of the two study sites (Cooling Tower and Hackberry-Box Elder woods) in which it has been recorded. The affinity of this species for wetter areas and the increased moisture during the early year resulted in greater germination, accounting for its surpassing Celtis occidentalisin seedling importance. Two species, Fraxinus pennsylvanica < d Populus deltoides, were recorded for the first time in the Kentucky Coffee Tree Area. Both have been described as having an affinity for moist areas (Hamilton and Forsyth,1972; Braun,1950). Their presence in the reproductive layer is due to the higher level of soil moisture during the Spring. Responses such as the increase of Acer negundo in the cooling tower woods and Box Elder-Hackberry area and the presence of Fraxinuspennsylvanica and Populus deltoides in the Kentucky Coffee Tree area may not be persistent throughout the year if favorable moisture conditions are not maintained. These responses, however, are indicative of those that may emerge if additional moisture were added from an outside source, such as the cooling tower. With the normal patterns of soil moisture and potential evapotranspiration having been identified, future changes in these parameters that are distinct from pre-operational, normal seasonal patterns and that are correlated with increased Importance Values for species with high moisture affinity can be related to site activities. Such changes in the plant communities thus can be distinguished from normal, predictable patterns using the data base estab-lished. In the herbaceous part of the sample for Fall 1974 and Spring 1975 some
A-4 general trends also are evident. The most obvious variation is in the numbers j of species present-in the respective seasonal samples. Many more species were observed in each study area in the spring collection than the fall, probably due ', to the seasonally higher moisture, as many of these herbaceous species have
~~'an affinity for moist conditions. The following are important spring herbs a~~
that characteristically tolerate moist conditions: Hydrophyllum virginianum Alliaria officinalis Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Impatiens caoensis Viola papilionaceae Pilea pumila Cardamine douglassii j These species, with the exception of Impatiens capensis and Pilea pumila, were
~~! not found extensively in the Fall. The latter two, particularly Pilea pumila, occur in the wettest spots of the wooded terrestrial area.~~
~~j The following herbs are important in either seasonal sample and charac-4~~
~~. teriscially inhabit open or waste areas as opposed to moist woodlands:~~
~~Acalypha virginica 3 Scrophularia marilandica~~
~~Arctium lappa i~~
Their presence in the driest areas in the woods is related to the open canopy 3 at these sites. For the most part, woody species will be used in the determination of changes in comunity growth patterns, since their presence is less likely to be seasonal, as is the case with many herbacecus species. There is also a l greater volume of literature documenting their moisture tolerances. There are, however, herbs whose presence, absence, increase or decrease during a particular season can aid in designating the moisture conditions that exist. For- example, if Hydrophyllum virginianum did not appear or was not abundant in the Hackberry I . area during the spring sampl6, low soil moisture conditions would be indicated. If Alliariaofficinalis appeared in the sample areas in
~~- which it had not previously occurred, its presence could be attributed to moisture' increase.~~
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A-5
, To test statistically whether or not a change is significant, a Chi square ~ ; test will be employed. The variables to be tested in the seedling-horbaceous layer (numbers of individuals and total cover of a species in a specified study area) will utilize raw data rather than frequency calculations. These results, indicating to what degree soil factors influence the local distribution of a species, will appear in the next semi-annual report.
References Hamilton, E. S. and Jane L. Forsyth. 1972. Forest Communities of South Bass Island, Ohio. Ohio J. Science 72(4):184-210. 1 - Braun, E. L. 1950. Deciduous Trees of Eastern North America. The Blakiston Co., Philadelphia. 596 p.
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.. i, Table A-1. Importance Valuesm for woody species observed in the.one-half by two meter quadrats, I Fall,1974, and Sprin9,1975. : Cooling Tower Hackberry- 11ackberry Kentucky- Hackberry Woods Box Elder II Coffee-Tree I .( Species Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring . Rhus toxicodendron 22.22 13.61 1,42 0.66 6.84 6.59- '10.01- 8.76 - 7.61 Parthenocissus quinquefolia 17.53- 16.17 22.30 20.19 11.92 18.30 40.93 36.26 16.92 11.18 Ribes? americana 16.61 6.07 8.67 6.39 17.02 6.40 - - - - Acer negundo 11.82 33.18 5.35 33.80 - - - - - - ! Celtis occidentalis 10.12 7.27 22.95 13.44 14.93 11.94 7.23 8.14 4.60 - Vitis riparia 10.06 3.00 6.50 1.16 11.43 10.63 - - 18.02 8.24 Crataegus sp. 4.51 3.98 - - - - - - - - Cornus drummondi 3.88 2.38 15.91 5.41 25.55 27.57 - - 16.08 - Rubus occidentalis 0.85 0.68 : - 8.39 9.18 9.87 15.21 - - ! Gleditsia triacanthos 0.76 5.87 - - - - - - - - t Prunus.. virginiana 0.31 0.44 17.61 12.89 2.31 - 11.75 4.77 24.97 41.63 Vitis aestivalis 6.22 2.24
~~- - -~~
5.72- - - - - Lonicera tatarica - 0.49 - - 1,61 3.67 - - - -~ Gymnocladus dioica - 0.25 3.83 l - - - - - - - Sambucus canadensis - 0.25 -- - - - - - - -
-
Ulmus rubra - 0.14 - - - - - - - - l Staphylea trifolia - 20.16 11.91 19.41 31.33 Populus deltoides - - - - - - - 8.93 - - Fraxinus pennsylvanica - - - - - - - 6.01 - - j 3 in 0

~~- - _ - -- ~ . ~ . .- _. .. . -~~
~~A-7 1~~
~~/ Table A-2. Importance Values for herbaceous species observed in the one-half by two meter quadrats.~~
l Fall,1974, and Spring,1975. Cooling Tower Hackbe rry- Hackberry Kentucky. Hackberry Woods Box Elder II Coffee-Tree i Species Fall Spring Fall Sorino Fall Sprino Fall Snrino Fall Soring Geum canadense 33.32 12.88 26.65 9.53 5.50 4.44 7.88 2.76 5.28 1.06 Poa trivialis 26.19 5.83 3.76 1.86 1.C6
. Viola papilionaceae 14.31 5.83 0.66 8.48 8.85 3.78 Polygonum sp. 6.44 Solanum dulcamara 3.50 0.81 1.38 0.50 9.77 4.22 5.90 Urtica dioica 3.20 l.86 0.69 1.22 0.31 10.68 1.d4 1.31 Arctium lappa. 2.70 4.93 Acalypha virginica 2.25 2.28 7.73 6.15 2.61 1.11 '0xalis europea 1.98 2.05 81 dens frondosa 0.99 0.35 Chenopodium albun 0.66 0.63 5.80 Strophostyles helvola 0.79 i Taraxacum officinale 0.70 0.21 1.57 Apocynum cannabinum 0.65 Smilacini ste11sta 0.?5 3.64 9.82 6.32 2.04 6.18 11.47
Hydropnyllum virginianum 0.35 0.11 10.75 5.03 1.07 2.04 3.09 12.06 Solanum nigrun 0.35 0.19 Convolvulus sepium 0.27 2.19 0.37 3.03 Echinocystis lobata 0.27 1.09 1.67 0.31 l l Lactuca so. 0.27 0.15 1.67 0.83 ,
!' Solidago elongata 0.21 0.11 1.82 19.79 3.65 Allbria officinalis 20.37 8.84 Galium apartne 12.03 12.75 17.23 23.45 9.88 l
Sanicula trifoliata 4.04 G1cchema hederscea 3.06 7.53 ,
; Impatiens capensis 2.71 1.62 0.40 8.20 14.97 2.li i Pilea par.ila 2.58 4.11 0.38 27.52 16.20 -Carex laxifiera 2.10 -
Ranunculus abortivus 1.25 1.82 Carex cristata114 0.96 Tovara virginiana 0.83 2.69 Stellaria media 0.85 1.55 4.29 Ceranium rcLertianum 0.35 1' Smila4 glauca 0.33 0.77 0.60 1.95 s Sanoneria officinslis 0.10 24.26 5.60 21.71 Brassica kaber 0.16 1 Hardcun jubatum 0.16 21.68 2.80 22.18 5.14 8.21 7.14 2.17 Chaerophyllun procumbens 0.11 2.40 Cerastium nutans 16.22 7.15 10.70 10.48
! Lgonurus cardiac 3 6.97 0.22 0.74 1.16 6.56 2.12 Polygonatum oiflorun 6.64 1.30 0.53 i Scrophularia r.arilancica 3.75 0.79 0.25 7.56 1.12 4.22
, Eupatorium rugoswa 1.38 0.22 2.04 5.38 Allium tricoccum 0.85 3.24 ' Teucrium canadense 0.69 0.70 4.67 1.15 1.84 4.22 Hydrophyllu.a accendiculatwa 7.47 1.65 Arisaera tri;hvilum 2.64 1.91 Allium canadense 2.23 1.03 Galium asperellum 1.61 Phacelia purshii 1.15 0.62
-Lamium arolexicaule 0.85 0.62 S.26 Carex laxiflora 0.70 Polygonatum caniculatum 0.50 Viola pensylvanica 28.54 20.17 1.06 Stren 35tvles belvola 0.79 3.?3 3.51 Finiss'erumcanaaense o.70 i .0smorhiza longistylis 0.61 Solidago canadensis 0.59 Arabis laevigata 0.31 2.12 Floerkaa nroserpinaccides 20:28 Dicentra cucullaria 7.94 Cardamine douglassif 0.S3
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~~.woeJr ar.d herbaccous species in Cooling Tower Woods A-12~~
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~~W A-13 ANNOTATED LIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA 0F THE t !~~
~~<-~ DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION PROPERTY~~
] APPENDIX A 1 2 3 4 5 EQUISETACEAE Equisetum arvense L. R TYPilACEAE Typha angustifolia L. A Typha latifolia L. R i SPARGANIACEAE Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. C ZOSTERACEAE Potamogeton crispus L. A Potamogeton foliosus Raf. R Potamogeton nodosus Poir. C ALISMATACEAE Alisma subcordatum Raf. R Sagittaria la tifolia Willd. A i BUT011ACEAE Butomus umbellatus L. U GRAMINEAE Agrostis alba L. C Bromus j aponicus Thunb. U C Bromus tectorum L. C Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx. ) Nutt. A C
- Cinna arundinaceae L. U Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. C Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. A Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) Rydb. C KEY ~
1 - Open areas, roadsides R - Rare 2 - Terrestrial strip U - Uncommon 3 - Cooling tower woods C - Common 4 - South-east woods A - Abundant 5 - Marsh .
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~~A-14 t' 1 2 3 4 5~~
, GRAMINEAE (CONT'D) ' Echinochloa walteri (L.) Beauv. C Elymus vircinicus L. U U U R Eraerostis hynnoides (Lam.) BSP. U Hordeum .iubatum L. C C U Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz A C Lolium nerenne L. , U Panicun acrostoides Spreng. ~
C Panicum capillare L. C Phalaris arundinacea L. C C Phleum pratense L. U Phrnemiten communis Trin. A A Poa comnressa L. C Poa trivialis L. C C C Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. C CYPERACEAE Carex conhalochora Muhl. U Carex cristntella Britt. U Carex lanucinosa Michx. R Carex laxiflora Lam. U U U Carex lurida Wahl. C Carex rosea Schkuhr R r. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. U
. Cyperus esculentus L. U Cynerus stricosus L. A Eleochirus calva Torr. U A Eleochirus intermedia (Muhl.) Schult. U Eleochirus cbtusa (Willd.) Schult. U A Scirnus neutus Muhl. U Scirnus ntrovirens Willd. U Scirnuc fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray C
~~l R A-15 ) 5 1 2 3 4 5 CYPERACEAE (CONT'D) Scircus validus Vahl, U~~
. ARACEAE Arisaema atrorubens (Ait.) Blume U Arisaema trinhv11um (L.) Schott U LEI.INACEAE Lemma minor L. C Snirodela polyrhiza (L.) Scheid. ' C PCNTEDERIACEAS Pontederia cordata L. C JUNCACEAE Juncus canadensis J . Gay R LILIACEAE i Allium canadense L. U C C U Allium tricoccum Ait. R C C C Asparacus officinalis L. U Erythronium albidum Nutt. U Erythronium anericenum Ker. U U Hemerocallis fulva L. U Polygonatun biflorum (Walt.) Ell. R U R R Polyconatum canaliculatum (iiuhl.) Pursh. R R R R Smilacina etellatn (L.) Desf. U A C C Smilax glauca Walt. U U U Smilax hisnida (I.iuhl.) Fern. R Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. R N
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~~- ,, -- - -y .~~
~
O i; A-16 (= t 1 2 3 4 5 DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea villosa L. R IRIDACEAE . Iris versicolor L. R 4 SALICACEAE Ponulus deltoides Marsh. - A U R C JUGLANDACEAE Juglans nigra L. R R FAGACEAE Quercus macrocarea Michx. U ULMACEAE Celtis occidentalis L. A A R Ulmus c.nericana L. R U Ulmus rubra Muhl. R C U MORACEAE Maclura nomifera (Raf.) Scheid. R Morus alba L. U URTICACEAE Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. R Pilea numila (L.) Gray A U U Urties dioica L. C C C C POLYG0HACEAE Polyconum avicularc L. U U U G g . --. -, -
~~c. .~~
. A-17 1 2 3 4 5 Polygonum coccineum Muhl, C Polygonum hydroniner L. C Polygonum lanathifolium L.
O Polygonum pensylvanicum L. C C Polygonum persicaria L. C C Polygonum nunc tatum Ell. U U Polygonum sagittatum L. U U Polygonum scandens L. , U U Rumex criscus L. A A
'Rumex maritimus L. R Rumex verticillatus L. C Tovara virciniana (L.) Raf. C C C CHEMCPCDIACEAE Atrinlex patula L. U Chenonodium album L. C C C C Chenonodium lentonhylluu Nutt. U Chenonodium standleyanum Aellen U AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus hybridus L. U NYCTAGIHACEAE Mirabilis nyctaginea (ilichx.) MacM. U PHYTOLACCACEAE Phytolacca americana L. U U CARYOPHYLLACEAS Cerastium nutans Raf. C C C C Lychnis 31ba Mill. R

~~, A-18 ;~~
~~1 2 3 4 5~~
'~
~~CARYPHYLLACEAE (CCNT'D) Saponaria officinalis L. A C U C Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo A A A A~~
~~.- NYMPHAECEAE Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. C Nuphar advena (Ait.) Ait. f. U Nymphaea tuberosa Paine -~~
A RANUNCULACEAE Clematic virginiana L. R Ranunculus abortivuc L. U C C C A Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. R U Renunculus scleratus L. R U Thalictrum nolycamum Muhl. R R BERSERIDACEAE Podonhyllum neltatun L. U MENISPERMACEAE Menisnormum canadense L. R PAPAVERACEAE Corvdelin fl avul t (Raf.) DC. R U U Dicentra cucullaria (L.) 3ernh. C U
. CRUCIFERAE AlBarin officinnlis Andrz. U A C C Arabic laeyicata (Muhl.) Poir. U U U Barbaren vulgaric R. Br. U U U U U Brassica haber (DC . ) L.C . 'iiheeler U U
~~I A-19 s~~
~~.r'-~~
1 2 3 4 5 CRUCIFERAE (CONT'D) . A Brascica nigra (L.) Koch U Brassica rara L. U R Cansell_a bursa-nastoris (L. ) 1.iedic. O Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. C U U Cardamine dourlassii (Torr.) Britt. C U U Cardanine nratensis L. R Dentaria lacinista I.luhl, . , U Descurainia ninnata (Walt.) Britt. U , Erysinum renandum L. R Lenidium cemoectre (L.) R. Br. R Lenidium virginicum L. C Rorinna islandica (0eder) Borbas U U A b vnbrium alticsinun L. U Thlacni arvense L. U CRASSULACEAE Penthorun ced_oides L. R , SACIFRAGACEAE R'ibes americanum Ilill. R A AA PLATANACEAE Platanus occidentalis L. U ROSACEAE Crataegus sp. L. R A A Geum canadense Jacq. A A C Potentilla nncerina L. R Potentilla norvegica L. U Potentilla recta L. C D
~~+ -- . _ . , _ ,~~
~~A-20 1~~
~~1 2 3 45~~

~~ROSACEAE (CONT'D)~~
, Prunus sarotina Ehrh. R R Prunus virginiana L. C A U U Rosa blanda Ait. U U Rosa carolina L. U Rosa setirera Michx. U Rubus occidentslis L. C C U U r.
~~LEGUMINOSAE~~
, Anios americana Medic. U Coronilla varia L. C Desmodium cusnidatum (Muhl.) loud. U Gleditsia trincanthos L. C C C C Gymnceladus dioica (L.) K. Koch C C U Lotus corniculatus L. C
[1edicano _1_unulina L. C Melilotus alba Decr. A Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lan. A Stronhostyles helvola (L. ) Ell . U Trifolium hybridum L. C
. Trifolium nratense L. C Trifolium recens L. C OXALIDACEAE Oxalis euronnea Jord. U U U U GERANIACEAE Geranium carolinianum L. R Geranium robertianum L. U R U U
2
. A-21 h, [ . N 1 2 3 4 5 EUPHORBIACEAE Acalynha virginica L. . R C C C Eunhorbia dentata Michx. R Eunhorbia sernvllifolia Pers. U Eunhorbia _sunina Raf. U LIMNANTHACEAE Floerkea nroserninacoides Willd. . U A A A ANACARDIACEAE Rhus glabra L.
U Rhus radicans L. A A A Rhus typhina L. U A C C STAPHYLEACEAE Stanhvlea _trifolia L. U ACERACEAE Acer nerundo L. A A U Acer saccharinun L. C BALSAMIllACEAE _Imnatiens cnnensis Meerb. A A A A Imnatiens nallida Nutt. R VITACEAE Parthenocissus auincuefolia (L.) Planch. A A A A Vitis aestivalis ilichx. A C C C Vitis riparia 1iichx. A A A A TILIACEAE
~~' Tilia americana L. U ~, . - . _ . .~~
~~2 A-22~~
/
1 2 3 4 5 MALVACEAE Abutilon theochrasti Medic. C _ Hibiscus calustris L. U Hibiscus trionum L. C VIOLACEAE Viola cucullata Ait. R Viola kitaibeliana R. & S. - U Viola panilionacea Pursh U A A C Viola pensv1vanica Michx. U A C C Viola pubescens Ait. U U U LYTHRACEAE Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. U ONAGRACEAE Epilobium hirsutum L. R Oenothera biennis L. C
~~, HALORAGACEAs Myrionhyllum exalbescens Fern. C l UMBELLIFERAE I 1~~
~~Chaeronhvilun procumbens (L.) Crant C U C Daucus c.nrota L. C~~
~~.0smorhiza lonristvlis (Torr.) DC. R Sanicula trifoliata Bickn. U C U !~~
~~Sium suave Walt. U i CORNACEAE Cornus drummontlii Meyer A A A A C ornus obliaua Raf. U 1~~
;
~~O d~~
~~.+ A-23~~
~~(- . i - 1 2. 3 4 5~~
. OLEACEAE ,. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ilarsh. C R U Ligustrum vulgare L. R Syrinvia vulgaris L. R f .. APOCYNACEAE Anocynua cannabinum L. U R ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclenias incarnata L. C U CONV0VULACEAE Conycheulus cenium L.
A C C C Cuscuta gronovii Willd. A U U U C Ipomoca pandurata (L.) G.F.W.14 eyer R Inomoea purrurea (L.) Roth C j HYDROPHYLLACEAE ' Hydronhvilum aopendiculatum I.fichx. A Hydrophyllum virginianum L. A R U Phacelia purchii Buckl. C-C U U VERBENACEAE Verbena hastata L. U U Verbena atricta Vont. R t LABIATAE Agnsteche nentoides (L.) Kt::e. U Glechoma hederacea L. C C C Lamium amulexicaule L. U C R U Lamium puroureum L. R me m =
9 A-24 t 1 2 3 4 5 LABIATAE (CONT'D) Leonurus cardiaca L. U U Lyconus americanus Muhl. C U
~~- Mentha arvensis L. ,~~
R Monarda fistulosa L. R Neneta cataria L. A U U Prunella vulgaris L. ' R C Scutellaria epilobiifolia L. - R U Scutellaria lateriflora L. U U Teucrium canadense L. C R U SOLANACEAE Datura stramonium L. C Physalis heteronhylla Nees R Solanum dulcannra L. C C C C Solanum ni2run L. C C C C SCROPHULARIACEAE Mimulus ringens L. C Scrophularia marilandica L. U C Nerbascum blattaria L. R Verbaricum thapsus L. C Veronica arvensis L. U U PLANTAGINACEAE . Plantngo lanceolata L. C
~~- Plantago najor L. C RUBIACEzG Cephalanthus occidentalia L. A Galium anarine L. A A A C 9~~
s -
, l A-25 1 2 3 4 5 RUBIACEAE (CONT;D)
~
Galium asurellum Michx. C C C U Galium trifidum L. U U CAPRIFOLIACEAE Lonicera tatarica L. U R Sambucus canadensis L. U U
~
DIPSACACEAE Dinsacus sylvestris Huds. U CUCURBITACEAE Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. C U C U Sievos angulatus L. R CAMPANULACEAE Cannanula nnericana L. U Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. R C OM.POSITAE Anthemis cotu'la L. U Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. C Ambrosia trifida L. U Arctiun lanca L. C C C C Aster nova-angliae L. A . Aster nilonus Willd. C Bidens bininnata L,. R R Bidens cernua L. C Bidens comosa (Gray) Wieg. C Bidens frondosa L. U Centaurea macoloca Lam. R v w
~~]; : ~:... .~~
~~n s ie. .~~
~~A-26~~
~~*4 1 2 3 4 5 COMPOSITAE (CONT'D)*~~
Cichorium intybuc L. U Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. A Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore C Erigoron annuus (L.) Pers. C Erigeron canadensis L. C Erineron childelnhicus L. C Eunatorium rugosum Houtt. U C U U Eunatorium nerfoliatum L. R U Helionsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet U Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. U Lactuca saliena L. C - { Lactuca scariola L. C Solidaco canadensis L. A C Solidano gigantea' Ait. C U Solidago gramnifolia (L.) Salisb. U U 5 Solidano juncea Ait. U Sonchus acner (L.) Hill U Sonchus oleraceus L. C Taraxacum "officinnie Weber A U U U h Tranonogon oratensis L. R
}
~~2 4 Verbecina alternifolia (L.) Britt. R R 4 Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt. R R~~

~~Vernonia altiscina Nutt. U~~
^) .t ,.l .
. -1. . .44 *
~~. y,~~
'N
;
~~i s C , .-;~~
'3
._w I \ ,,- Bowling Creen State University Environmental Studies Center Bowling Creen, Ohio 43403 97 SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT .
DAVIS-BESSE TERRESTRIAL MONITORING CONTRACT JUNE 1975 7, . 4 , i B. Soil Environments Arthur G. Limbird
, Department of Geography j Introduc tion The monitoring of the soi,1 environment followed the same procedures a
described in previous semi-annual reports (See Section B, Semi-Annual Report. June,1974, and December,1974). Soil temperatures and soil moisture levels have been monitored on a weekly or continuous basis at the three beach moni- , toring sites and at the two tower woods monitoring sites. Soil samples were secured from all five sites and chemically analyzed, once during the winter and once in the spring. Beginning with the winter samples, these analyses 1 included sulfates. Soil Temperature Soil temperatures followed the pattern of fluctuation and change of air temperatures; but the insulating and buffering effect of the soil reduced the magnitude of heating and cooling and thus the daily, weekly, and monthly variations (See Section D, Tables 1-6). Similarly ranges of weekly soil tempera-a tures decreased with depth (Figures B-1 and B-2). With these data changes in yearly or' seasonal average temperatures can be assessed at the 10, 20, and 50 cm depths or collectively for each monitoring site. The two sites, the sumac community on the beach and the Fulton soil area in the tower woods, 1
~~' have' continuous soil temperature records (for the weeks of November 21, 1974 ~to April'25, 1975) and are used in this report to indicate the temperature i~~
~~i variations which occur seasonally.~~
~~= , Em- - . _ . . *w--- [v-u . - , - + - - , ....-,,,,.~,-.-em v, 77*~.'7~~~
B-2 In the beach area the average soil temperature at the 10 cm depth reached the freezing point for the first time in the year during the first week of the data period and cooled rapidly over the next several weeks in reponse to below freezing average air tenperatures. Temperatures at 10 cm fluctuated somewhat during the months of January and February, mostly in response to daily fluctuations in air temperature rather than to any longer range changes. i By mid-March increases in the average air temperatures triggered responses in soil temperatures, and thawing of the soil surface was canplete by the week of March 21. The increased range and increased fluctuations in daily tempera-tures at the 10 cm depth were in direct response to larger daily and weekly fluctuations in air temperatures. While temperatures in the soil averaged below freezing there was much less response to greater tenperature ranges in the air (Figure B-1). . The average soil temperature at the 20 cm depth in the sumac coacunity reached the freezing point one week later than at the 10 cm depth. However, once the soil was frozen at 20 cm, the average temperature at this depth de-creased rapidly and remained lower than at the 10 cm depth for the rest of the data period (Table B-1). In reverse, the soil temperature at 20 cm re-sponded much more slowly to increasing air temperature than the temperature at 10 cm, and the weekly range in soil temperatures at 20 cm was less than at the 10 cm depth, averaging about 2 FO until March. Greater ranges in so{1 tenperature (5.5 F0 in April) can be correlated with the spring thaw. The average soil temperature at the 50 cm depth responded the least to the changes in air tenperatures but was still in direct response to changes in average air temperatures. The weekly range of soil temperatures at 50 cm was much more stable than at the 10 and 20 cm depths, especially in the spring, an indication of the reduced response to atmospheric temperatures 1 (Figure B-1). w e
B-3 The more compact and finer textured soils of the tower woods responded less and more slowly to air temperature changes, as expected (See Section B, page 4, Semi-Annual Report, December,1974). The average soil temperature at 10 cm in the cooling tower woods decreased from the low 30s at the start
, , of the data period to the mid 20s by early December. Temperatures at 10 cm in the tener woods responded more slowly to warming air temperatures in Narch and April than on the beach, only reaching 40.5 F by the end of the data period (Table B-1). The range of tenperatures is noticeably less than the spring range on the beach, probably due to the differences in texture and moisture levels between the two sites. As at the beach site, the soil tem-perature range at 10 cm in the tower woods did not respond to large air tem-perature ranges while the average soil temperature was below freezing.
The average soil temperature at the 20 cm depth in the cooling tower woods also decreased in response to air temperatures, actually declining.to lower readings than at the 10 cm depths. It vas also sicwer to respond to warmer air temperatures in March and April. The weekly range of temperatures at 20 cm in the tower woods averaged about 1.50 F throughout the data period. The slight range of soil tenperatures in the winter related to the frozen soil conditions and in the spring high soil moisture levels. The spring tem-perature ranges at 20 cm in the tower woods are in strong contrast to those at 20 cm in the beach area (See Figures B-1 and B-2). The average soil temperature at the 50 cm depth in the tower woods cooled more slowly than at the 10 and 20 cm depths. The weekly average did not reach the mid 20s until January, and the average temperature remained higher 1 than at die 10 and 20 cm depths until the shallower soil levels began to re-spond to warmer air tenperatures in the spring (Table B-1). The 50 cm depth in the tower woods cooled to a greater degree than the corresponding depth in
~~--w-~~
B-4 the beach area during the winter and was much slower in its response to the warmer spring air temperatures. The range of soil temperatures at S0 cm in ! the tower woods is the lowest of any depth under study.(about 0.70 E) and with no apparent response to large air temperature ranges (Figure B-2). Overall, soil temperatures continued the similar seasonal fluctuations j that were expected. The trend has continued for the 10 cm depths to be the most influenced by air temperature changes. The trend has continued for the soils in the beach area to be more influenced by changes in air tem-peratures than the soils in the tower woods. Two new trends seem to have emerged from the monitoring of soil environments in winter and early spring for the first time. One, the soil responds much less to air temperature ranges during the winter when the soil is frozen. Two, once the soil is thawed a period of large temperature ranges can be expected in the soil in response to large air temperature ranges and to adjust to a built in soil equilibrium. Air temperatures directly affect soil temperatures. The possible con-sequences of air temperature changes with respect to soil tempe atures have already been outlined (See Section B, page 7, Semi-Annual Report, December, 1974). The continued measurement of soil temperatures has helped to further demonstrate the natural changes that can be expected in the envirortaent being monitored. Perhaps even more important is the fact that the continuous recording of soil temperatures at the two sites represents one of only two known places in the state of Ohio where such data is being collected. The
~~. other is at the Agricultural Experiment Station at Wooster.~~
Soil Moisture Soil moisture in the study sites follows the basic patterns discussed previously (See Section B, page 8, Seni-Annual Report, December,1974). The
B-5 soils in both the tower woods and the beach area continued to recharge mois-
/m ture supplies in the late fall. During the winter, moisture available fluctt ted very little from week to week, probably because of the frozen con-di tions. Once the ground thawed in the spring, the soils in the tower woods were saturated with water--100% available readings were recorded. At the beach site the recharge continued with the spring above-freezing temperatures, tJt the soil was not saturated at the end of the data period. Soil moisture was recorded at the five monitoring locations from the week of November 21, 1974 to the week of April 25, 1975 to continue the data presented in the pre-vious report and to correspond with soil temperatures for the same period.
At the beginning of the data period the soil moisture available in the sumac community ranged fran 86 percent at 20 cm to 70 percent at 100 cm. The moisture available represented a continuation of the moisture recharge which began in early October. Once the ground began to freeze in late November, the moisture levels at each of the soil depths stabilized, probably in response to the frozen water in the pore spaces of the soil and in contact with the moisture blocks. The available moisture remained near 80 percent at 10 cm, near 85 percent at 20 cm, near 87 percent at 50 cm, and near 90 percent at 100 cm (Table B-1). The nearly constant values and the consistently higher values with depth during the winter relate to the decrease in influence of soil tenperatures with depth and to the generally frozen soil conditions during this period. Beginning with the middle of March, and corresponding to the warmer spring air temperatures, the available soil moisture increased in the sumac connunity, beginning at the surface, similar to the early fall recharge, and continuing downward through the soil. However, moisture levels in the sumac community were 100 percent only at the 20 cm depth at the end of the data period, consistent with trends discussed previously (See Section B, page 9, Semi-Annual Report, December,1974).
~~,_. g ~ . . - - rw-~~
B-6 In the cooling tower woods, the soil moisture available at the start of the data period showed the effect of fall moisture recharge from the sur-face downward as a result of increased precipitation and decreased evapora-tion. Precipitation in late November canbined with below freezing tempera-tures increased the available soil moisture at all three depths to near 90 percent. The moisture level at 50 cm remained most constant at about 90 percent, while the 10 and 20 cm depths had values fluctuating generally be-tween 80 and 90 percent (Table B-1). The 10 cm depth in the tower woods seemed to be most affected by temperatures in regard to freezing of soil water; low soil moisture readings for various weeks in the winter seem to correlate with weeks with lower average soil and air temperatures. Associated with above s freezing average air temperatures in mid-March came soil moisture readings of 100 percent for all three depths. in the cooling tower woods, which may be an artifact since soil temperatures were still below freezing. During this period considerable fluctuations occurred in both air and soil tempera-tures and temporary decreases in soil moisture ratios were noted. Availabl e moisture levels increased in the spring in correlation with warmer air temperatures rather than directly in correlation with warmer soil temperatures. - In comparison, the soils in the tower woods were able to easily recharge to the 100 percent level, whereas the soils of the beach area took much longer to recharge their moisture. Soil Chemical Analysis Soil samples were collected from each of the three beach locations and from both the cooling tower woods quadrat locations at the 10, 20, ana 50 cm depths and analyzed as described previously (See Section B, Semi-Annual Report, June,1974 and December,1974). In addition to the tests outlined in these
~~. previous reports, samples were sent to a separate laboratory to be analyzed i l~~
- B-7 for sulfates. The test for sulfates, an analysis of sulfate sulfur content, used an acetate-soluble sulfate method (described in C. A. Black, Methods of Soil Analysis Agronomy, No. 9, part 2,1965, pages 1111-1113). Soil samples were collected and prepared for analysis for winter (February) and spring (May).
The study of sulfate levels in the soil is a process of determining the basic levels prior to the operation of the cooling tower and a continued moni-l toring to see if _ the tower has any effect on these levels. Sulfates in the soil constitute only one phase of the forms and ways in which sulfur can be in the environment. The sulfur cycle traces many complex interrelationships of sulfur in the atmosphere, in water, in rocks, as well as in the soil. The main source of sulfur is in the bedrock of the earth's surface. Locally, sulfate levels may be high because of the presence of gypsum rocks (calcium sulfate). The sulfur generally moves through the biological part of the en-vironmental system, but a significant feedback to the system of sulfur cycling i may cone from water bodies or swamps. Much of the sulfur present in the at-mosphere reaches the air as sulfides, because of the action of bacteria living in muds (especially of fresh-water marshes) and because of anaerobic conditions such as those in the marshes surrounding the monitoring sites. The sulfides are oxidized to sulfur dioxide and give rise to sulfates and sulfuric acid when dissolved in rain water (D. Watts, "Biogeochemical Cycles and Energy Flows in Environmental Systems," Perspectives on, Environment, Association of American Geographers, Publication 13, 1974, p. 47). When the rainwater reaches the surface, ions in the water are selectively renoved or held by the. soil. Thus, the soil water has a different ion concentration than the rain water. 1 i However, it seems that concentrations of sulfate ions are not greatly changed i l in the soil (Strahler and Strahler, Introduction tio, Environmoital Science, Hamilton Publishing Co.,1974, p. 341). Studies have shown that the composi-
~~! tion of rainwater includes from 0.9 to 5.3 parts per million of sulfates under natural conditions but can increase ryeatl'y with the increase in sulfur fron i~~
I
~~.B-8 industrial activities. Under such industrialized conditions the sulfate levels have been as high as 40 ppm in rain water (Strahler and Strahler, p. 342).~~
Residual rainfall modified by soil contact shows sulfate concentrations of 44 ppm as not uncommon. The soil samples from the monitored sites were processed as soon as pos-sible af ter being removed from the ground to maintain natural moisture con-ditions and retain the maximum amount of sulfur in its natural state. The values of sulfur for the monitored sites and at various depths at the sites range from 8 to 21 ppm (Table B-2). These values seem to be well within the normal range for sulfur concentrations in the natural environment. Addi tional samples season by season over a period of years will be needed to comment on any trends in the sulfur concentrations in the study area. There seems to be no relationship between concentration levels and soil depth or soil type. The chemical analysis of soils for cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation, percent organic matter, and pH value produced values support the trends discussed in the previous report (See Section B, Semi-Annual Repcrt, December,1974). In the cooling tower woods, the Fulton and Toledo soils continue to show that they are stable soils, not variable within the sites and not subject to larger seasonal changes. The high cation exchange capacity is retained throughout the year (Table B-2). The lower percent base saturation in the 10 cm depth of the Toledo soil compared to the Fulton soil persists throughout the analyses as well as the related lower pH level for the Toledo soil (Table B-3). The percent organic matter is lower in the winter than for ' either the summer or fall for both the two tower woods sites due to the in- ! corporation of the organic matter during the active seasons. The persistence of this pattern over time needs to be determined. I
B-9 g -. The analysis of the soils at the beach sites shows that these soils are more unstable than the soils of die tower woods and more subject to variability. Factors include a high percent base saturation, a near neutral pH, and a rela-tive concentration of organic matter near the surface. The sumac community has a very low organic matter content below the 10 cm depth; in the other two comnunities, even with some more incorporation of organic metter, still there is a decided concentration near the surface. The highest levels of organic matter concentrations are found in the Hackberry-Box Elder I quadrat (Table B 2) . A close correlation exists between increased soil development (horizons) and the development of stability, something readily discerned elsewhere, and between increased soil development and the moderation of vaues, such as percent organic matter. The analyses show that the soils in the Hackberry-Box Elder I quadrat are more developed than the soils in the Hackberry-Box Elder II and Sumac quadrats and thus can be expected to be more stable under potential at-mospheric changes than the latter two communities. The beach communities and soils as a whole can be expected to be relatively unstable. There appears to be no direct relationship between sulfate levels and any of the other chemi-cally analyzed soil components. e
. - . - _ - . . . .~ . ;
Table B-1. Heckly soil moisture variations, precipitation, and actual evaporation, November 21,1974 to May 31,1975. BEACH SITE TOWER WOODS ! actual Sumac Community actual Fulton Soil evaporation precipitation (cm depth) evaporation precipitation (cm depth) ! week of (in/wk) (in/wk) 10 20 50 100 (in/wk) (in/wk) 10 20 50 I Nov. 21 0.0 0.46 80* 86 72 70 0.0 0.25 88 - 27 0 ; Nov. 27 0.0 1.10 88 90 78 80 0. 0 - 1.05 85 91 87 Dec. 6 0.0 0.37 80 88 86 89 0.0 0.24 82 84 86 Dec. 13 0.0 0.45 81 84 92 91 0.0 0.35 84 85 90 Dec. 20 0.0 0.20 79 84 90 90 0.0 0.18 85 91 86 Dec. 27 0.0 0.29 81 85 90 90 0.0 0.25 88 88 93 Jan. 3 0.0 0.49 81 85 90 90 0.0 0.35 55 80 88- 1 Jan. 10 0.0 0.20 82 86 90 90 0.0 0.14 77 84 90 Jan. 17 0.0 0.10 82 87 91 90 0.0 0.12 80 84 87 Jan. 24 0.0 0.50 80 83 85 88 0.0 0.80 77 83 88 Jan. 31 0.0 0.30 80 85 87 90 0.0 0.30 82 85 90 Feb. 7 -0.0 0.35 79 85 86 88 0.0 0.21 82 85 87 Feb. 13 0.0 0.30 77 83 84 88 0.0 0.21 91 89 90. . Feb. 20 0.0 0.35 80 83 87 88 0.0 0.35 88 89 88 Feb. 27 0.0 0.60 80 85 87 90 0.0 0.30 89 89 89 Mar. 7 0.0 0.05 80 81 86 90 0.0 0.10 94 93 90 Mar. 14 0.0 0.00 83 86 88 90 0.0 0.00 10.0. 100 100 Mar. 21 0.0 0.15 89 92 90 91 0.0 0.15 100 100 100 Mar. 28 0.0 0.30 85 90 90 92 0.0 0.10 90 100 100
-Apr. 4 0.0 0.00 85 90 90 93 0.0 0.00 98 100 100 Apr. 11 0.0 0.10 86 90 89 93 0.0 0 00 100 100 100 Apr. 18 0.0 1.05 90 96 91 95 0.0 1 15 100 100 100 Apr. 25 0.0 0.57 98 100 96 93 0.0 0 00 100 100 100 *% of available moisture i'
2;
~~-. . ~~~
~~~ Table B-2. Soil' chemical analysis, winter 1975, Beach Sites and Tower Woods Sites.~~
~~cm Cation Exchange % Base '~~
~~% Organic Sulfates~~
~~depth Capacity Saturation~~
~~- TOWER WOODS Matter pH Value (ppm)~~
~~Fulton Soil 10 32 99.1 5.9~~
~20 7.2 10 21 98.9 2.3 6.9 8 50 22 98.9 1.2 6.8 19 Toledo Soil 10 36 89.8 5.7 20 29 6.6 14 94.6 3.6 6.8 18 50 25 98.8 2.0 7.0 13 BEACH AREA Sumac 10 14 98.7 2.0 6.7 10 Community 20 8 99.5 0.2 7.1 13 50 7 99.5 0.2 7.2 21 Hackberry- 10 35 98.9 15.0 6.8 19 Box Elder I 20 12 99.6 2.0 50 7.1 11 13 99.2 0.2 7.3 12 Hackberry- 10 21 99.8 Box Elder II 20 4.8 7.1 9 13 98.3 1.8 50 7.2 10 19 99.2 0.1 7.2 10
~~measured as available sulfur usin9 an acetate-soluble sulfur method by Harris Laboratories, Lincoln, Nebraska.~~
?
3 e
Figure B-1. Beach Site - Temperature ranges at 10, 20, and 50 cm
~~. depths and in air, week of November 21, B-12 1974 to week of April 25, 1975.~~
~~C- . 28-24-20-~~
=
~~2 16- 1 AIR o eo . C m Ct". e u 12-o \~~
+
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P . Bowling Green State University Environmental Studies Center c Bowling Creen, Ohio 43403
~~'a 7Vv' SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT~~
DAVIS-BESSE TERRESTRIAL MO:lITORING CONTRACT JUNE 1975 C. Terrestrial Fauna Stephen H. Vessey, Paul Mazur, James Schmunk, Craig DeCrane, Steven Spaulding and Thomas Scott Department of Biological Sciences Introduction Our objectives are to identify those species that can be monitored pre-cisely enough to detect changes in numbers in a statistically reliable way, to collect data on those populations both before and af ter Davis-Besse Unit No.1 commences operation, and to obtain qualitative data on other vertebrate species.
Winter and spring data for 1975 can be compared with those of 1974, since in most cases the methods used and the areas sampled were identical. We can begin to estilmte the year-to-year variation in numbers of animals to be ex-pected in the absence of station operations. Procedures followed those de-scribed in the previous report (Section C, Annual Report, June 1974). Locations of trap lines and grids duplicated earlier efforts. Amphibians and Reptiles Thirty hours in April and May were spent searching for Ferptiles while checking traps in the small mammal grid and walking along the shore and edge of the marsh (Table C-1). A night check of the study area on 22 April revealed numerous spring peepers in the marsh and several Anerican toads. More reptiles were found this year than last, probably because of more favorable conditions during the field work periods and increased observer effi-ciency. Sighted species include the garter snake, blue racer and Blanding's and
.- c-2 snapping turtles. Melanistic garter snakes, found only along the shores of western Lake Erie, continue to be found in the study area. While present methods will not provide statistically comparable data, they should document irruptions or extinctions. . Winter Birds Peninsula study area circuits were conducted in December, January, and March to estimate winter populations and record species present (Table C-2).
Although similar numbers of species were present in December and March (19 and 20, respectively), only 11 were common to both months. Some late migrants , were recorded in December (e.g., fox sparrow); and migrating waterfowl were on site in early March, inflating both numbers of individuals and numbers of species. The January count of only eight species and 59 individuals partially reflected shortened observation time due to rain. Winter resident species probably number fourteen. , Only four resident species were recorded during the winter of 1973-74. Weather was a major factor in causing the difference. Temperatures were lower and snow and ice cover greater in 1973-74 than in 1974-75. Also, all three observations in 1973-74 were conducted on days of gale force northeast winds. Under those conditions some birds stayed close to the ground, escaping obser-vation. Summer Birds Five consecutive study area circuits were conducted in June 1975 (Table C-3). Number of species observed varied-from 30 to 40, averaging 36. Total individuals ranged from 111 to 232, averaging 166. These estimates exclude yellow warblers and red-winged blackbirds, because both were so abundant as to make direct counts imposs ible.
.- C-3' Comparable circuits in June and early July 1974 yielded an average of 36 species and 192 individuals. Twenty-six species were found both years.
Those that occurred in only one year were either transients or were present in very small numbers. Estimates from both years were similar. Most species were present in numbers of from two to ten; year-to-year changes were typically within this range. One larger change was the decline of house wrens from 25 to 8, accompanied by the appearance of four long-billed marsh wrens and four Carolina wrens'in 1975. However, such alterations cannot be considered reflec-tive of significant environmental changes but rather evidence of seasonal and/or
~~' local population shifts.~~
Small Mammals Live-trapping was conducted on four weekends in May,1975 in the peninsula study area grid. Thirty-two captures of 16 different white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were made over 430 trap-nights. The Lincoln-Peterson population estimate was 18 mice I 5.7 (one standard error) for the entire grid (0.64 hectare) (Table C-4). The estimate of 28 mice per hectare is unusually high for this time of year, since temperate zone populations of this species are at their lowest densities of the year during early spring. The absence of juvenile mice in the trapped population indicates that recruitment from spring breeding had not yet taken place. The population increased from only one individual last spring to 23 last fall (1974). Of the 18 mice estimated to be present during the spring of 1975, three were marked last fall and one the previous spring. The rest either im-migrated or entered the trappable population af ter the fall breeding period. The reference population at Carter Woods declined slowly throughout the winter from 31 'per hectare in October to 7 per hectare in May, significantly
C-4 lower than the population at Davis-Besse in May. Several years of additional data will be necessary to determine whether these populations fluctuate to-gether or respond to different environmental variables. Large Mammal Trapping - Four different raccoons, one woodchuck, and one opossum were captured in . live-traps in 224 trap-nights (Table C-5). Although trapping effort was in-creased over last fall, and several marked animals were caught, not enough data were collected to estimate numbers. Dead fish and other carrion alcng the shore suggests that skunks, opossums, and raccoons were provided abundant food and were not motivated to enter traps. If the low trap success continues during the fall, we propose to set the large traps away from the shore in the small mammal grid. Other Macmals Muskrat houses were counted in the study area marsh (between the dike road and the wooded peninsula) on 25 January and 12 April 1975; ten houses were counted both times. No houses had been seen in the fall, whereas 54 were counted the previous spring. Water level control associated with the marsh
~~- management program probably account:for most of these changes.~~
On 12 April 138 active woodchuck burrows were counted in the peninsula study area. Assuming three burrows per animal, we estimate 46 woodchucks in the area. Live-trapping would yield a more accurate estimate, but burrow counts should index population changes. Additional counts in the fall and following spring will provide comparative data to test the usefulness of the method. Miscellaneous observations by security guards and ourselves (Table C-6) did not suggest any large changes in abundances when compared with previous resul ts . Two resident deer were observed, down fran four last year.
~~. - ;~~
1
,. C-5 l Conclusions ! ! We now have an indication of the kinds of changes that can be expected in vertebrate, particularly small mammal, populations at the site in the absence of station operation.
~~Summer resident bird censuses were similar in 1974 and 1975, both i.,~~
terms of species present and numbers of birds of each species. Estimates of the white-footed mouse population confirmed results from last fall indi-cating that changes of 100% or more could be reliably detected. Data for other mammals are qualitative, providing infonnation on species diversity and local irruptions and extinctions. We will be able to use these data in docu-menting the responses of terrestrial vertebrates to changes in moisture regi-mens, and the range of habitats occupied will provide species of varying sensi-tivi ty.
~~1 S S~~
~~'. .. C-6 Table C-1.Reptil.es and amphibians coserved in the study area Spring,1975.~~
Numbers in parentheses indicate numbers of individuals Spring peeper (Hyla crucifer) 22 April (numerous) American toad (Bufo americanus) 22 April (6) , Garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) 9 May (1) 10 May (2) 31 May (2, melanistic) Blue racer (Coluber constrictor) 10 May (1) 31 May (2) Northern brown snake (Storeria dekayi) 31 May (1) Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandinai) 10 May (2) 16 May (1) 18 May (1) Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) 26 May (1) 31 May (1) Note: Snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were observed on numerous occasions adjacent to study areas, but enumeration was not a attenpted. t i I
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~~1 C-7~~
~~~ ., Table C-2. Winter bird populations on study area circuit.~~
Observer: Thomas W. Scott 15 December 25 January 3 March Est. Resident 0930-1300 1015-1130 1000-1410 Pooulation Great blue heron 1 5 31 T* Canada goose 50 T Mallard 24 T Black duck 10 T Gadwall 3 22 T American widgeon 6 T Commcn goldeneye 5 T Common merganser 4 T Ring-necked pheasant 5 1 5 Herring gull 2 6 T Ring-billed gull 6 2 T Great horned owl 1 1 1 Hairy woodpecker 3 3 Downy woodpecker 6 4 8 6 Common crow 25 9 T Tufted titmouse 8 1 8 Carolina wren 6 2 6 Robin 4 2' 4 Starling 27 14 14 Eastern neadowlark 1 T Red-winged blackbird 2 0 Rusty blackbird 2 2 Cardinal 10 5 15 10 American goldfinch 7 7 Slate-colored junco 10 Tree sparrow 0 abundant 14 14 Fox sparrow 1 1 Song sparrow abundant 23 14 23 TOTALS Species 19 8 20 Individuals 117** . 59 232
*T= transient. (Observed in vicinity of observation circuit) ** excluding Tree sparrow and Song sparrow
C-8 Table C-3. Mid-June 1975 bird populations on study area circuit. Observer: Thomas W. Scott No. Individuals 16 June 17 June 13 June 19 June 20 June Est. minimum 0715-1245 0800-1305 0720-1245 0720-1215 0710-1320 Res. Population
' Great blue neron 6 5 5 7 4 I*
Green heron 2 6 1 3 6 Great egret 10 4 14 12 10 T Snowy egret 5 3 3 2 T Black-crc; ned nicht heron 20 30 56 45 50 T Canada goose 2 i Mallard 1 1 2 2 Wood duck 1 1 3 2 2 4 Red-tailed hawk 1 1 T Merican woodcock 3 2 1 4 herring gull 2 2 3 1 I Ring-billed gull 1 1 T Rock dove 1 T Mourning dove 6 1 5 2 3 6 Yellow-billed cuckoo 4 1 2 3 4 Black-billed cuckoo 1 1 2 Great horned owl 3 1 2 3 Ruby-throated hummingbird 1 2 Connon flicker 1 1 1 2 Hairy woodoecker 4 2 4 Eastern ningairo 2 2 2 2 2 2 Great cresta.1 flycatener 5 1 2 3 2 6 Acadian flycatcher 1 2 Eastern wood powee 2 1 ' 1 2 2 2 Tree swallow 6 5 11 8 10 12 Barn swallow 1 2 2 Blue jay 6 1 32 5 11 6 House wren 7 7 7 8 7 8
. Carolina wren 3 7 1 4 Long-billed carsh wren 4 3 4 4 Gray catbird 4 3 7 5 6 8 Brown thrasher 2 1 2 Robin 1 1 2 Cedar waxwing 2 1 2 Starlinn 8 11 18 12 10 10 Red-eyeo Virco 2 4 1 1 2 Prothonotary warbler 3 1 2 1 1 4 Yellow warbler abundant abundant abundant abundant abundant abundant Connor, yellowthroat 4 3 3 3 3 4 Yellow-breasted chat 1 2 2 1 2 Red-winged blackolrd acuncanc aoundant aounoant abundant abuncan t acuncant Northern oriole 1 2 1 1 2 Connon grackle 4 2 12 10 5 T Brown-headed cowbird 6 1 5 2 5 6 Ca rdinal 5 5 8 6 5 *3 Indigo Dunting 2 4 2 2 3 4 herican goldfinch 2 1 1 2 2 Song sparron 9 5 7 6 7 10 TOTALS Species 38 30 35 37 40 Individuals 141** 111** 232** 168** 17a** 155** *T = transients. Frequently these are birds feeding on-site but nesting and roasting off-site. ** excluding Yellow warbler and Red-winged blackbird.
4
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C-9 Table C-4. Captures and population estimates of white-footed mice in the study area grid, Spring,1975. recap day Date caught released total recao before unmarked May 3 2 2 - - 2 4 4 4 1 1 3 10 8 7 2 - 6 11 4 ~3 4 4 0 Totals 18 16 7 5 -11 May 17 4 3 3 0 1 18 1 1 1 1 0 25 3 3 2 0 1 26 6 6 3 1 3 Totals 14 13 9 2 5 Lincoln-Peterson Index for population estimation comparing first four days with last four days: M=9 n = 10 m=5 , N = 18 i 5.7 in 0.64 hectares, or 28 mice / hectare.
.
I
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C-10 Table C-5. Results of large mammal . live-trapping, Spring,1975. Location numbers refer to field map,' annual report, June 1974. Species Date Location Weight (lbs) Sex ID# Raccoon 27 Apr. 24 10 F(lactating) 114 Raccoon 3 May 14 9 M 115 Raccoon 4 May 4 10 M 103* Woodchuck 11 May 4 7 M earnotch Raccoon 17 May 21 11 M 116 Raccoon - 17 May 6 10 F 114 Opossum 18 May 25 5 F(ll young 55-Alum. in pouch)
~~originally marked as an adult 27 May 1974.~~
6
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* - C-ll Table C-6. Miscellaneous observations of mammals by security guards and 1 Bowling Green State University personnel. Parentheses indicate numbers seen.
Date Location Woodchucks 7 May (2) North Dike Road 16 May (2) Study area 26 May (1) Study area Rabbits 22 April (4)
~~Study area 7 May (2) South Dike Road 16 May (4) Study area 26 May (1) Cooling Tower Muskrats 16 May (3) Stud'y area -~~
Fox squirrels 11 May (2) Study area 16 May (1) Study area Deer 22 April (2) Study area 10 May (2) Study area Red fox 7 May (1) South Dike Road 26 May (1, dead) Study area 2 Skunk 30 April (1) Cooling Tower i I r . ! , . ._ . . . _ ~ _ ._. _._ _ _ . ~ _ _
M
\_/ Sowling Green State University Environmental Studies Center Oc Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 CU" SEMI-ANta)AL REPORT DAVIS-BESSE TERRESTRIAL MONITORItiG CONTRACT JULY 1975 D. Atmospheric Environment Glen R. Frey Department of Geography Introduction In the continuing effort to establish both spatial and tsuporal diagrams of normal climatic fluctuations, data collection and analysis have proceeded according to the previously established format. Each individual climatic ele-ment is setting a distinct pattern of variability depending on the conditions surrounding the station. While data from each sampling site show slightly different interrelationships, up to this point no major deviations from ex-pected conditions have developed.
The data analysis is oriented toward establishing variability patterns between different conponents of the atmospheric environment and interrelating their fluctuations from place to place and time to time. It is essential to monitor environmental parameters continuously and analyze these data, their variations and differences, in order to create a sound framework from which reasonable assessments can be made about any artificially-induced conditions. Instrunents and Measurements Continuous climatological data are currently collected at three locations i l on the Davis-Besse site. Site "A" is in the cooling tower woods and highly influenced by the forest canopy. Site "B" is the beach location in an open setting on sandy soil ringed by a fairly dense line of trees. Site "T" at the meteorological / microwave tower is open and set up according to weather service standards. Site "BG," at Bowling Green State University, is in an
~~. ,_ ,,-.w~~
D-2 open setting and is used as the off-site comparison station. In addition, nonrecording rain gauges have been set up at four other locations at the site, and intermittent readings are made. Recording evapometers were set up again at the end of March af ter. the ., last chance of severe weather. They are not used over the winter months be-i cause distilled water is used, and freezing could damage the instruments. Most data are r.acorded continuously on paper strip charts and reduced to daily components for a 1alysis. Calibration of the instruments held up over the winter months. Field checks were made with an Assman Psychrometer approximately every three weeks. In addition the back-up hygrothermograph and evapometer were rotated on a weekly basis amongst the sites. Only minor adjustments had to be made to keep instruments comparable. Presentation of Data This report is centered around the period December 1974 through May 1975. June is not included because of the time needed for data reduction, analysis, and display. Data are presented in two basic parts. Part I: Monthly sum-maries of normals and variations of the basic variables together with discrimi-nant function coefficients are presented in Figures D-1 through D-7. Part II: Graphs based on weekly summaries of the interstation variability. Figures D-8 through D-13 represent interstation deviations with fluctuations being graphed about a pooled mean. Interpretation of Data Ef4 TIRE PERIOD. With the exception of May, conditions were very similar for the six month period December 1974 through May 1975. In fact, the whole winter term from October 1974 through April 1975 was homogeneous, as illus.- trated by low statistical values for variation and by little fluctuation between stations. In contrast, the change from summer to winter or winter
ni D-3 to summer had the greater amount of variability (See Figures D-1 through D-7). Station "B" had the greatest displacements in comparison with other stations, primarily because of local variability in the month of May. The temperature graph on interstation variability (Figure D-8) illus-trates the basic controlling conditions both spatially and tenporally. For the six month period "BG" averages only 0.8 FO warmer than "T," the most similar pairing, and only 2.0 FO warmer than "B," the most diverse grouping. Overall, the means and standard deviation are very similar for the period. , However, looking at the interstation deviations (Figure D-8) there are two distinct patterns of fluctuation. First, for the colder half of the period "BG," the inland site, averages less than the three Davis-Besse sites. Then for the warm half of the period there is a distinct reversal, as the land warms much more rapidly in the spring of the year. A very similar pattern exists for minimum and average temperatures (See ' Figures 0-9 and D-10). The minimum temperatures were generally lower at the Davis-Besse site during this latter period than at "BG" because of the heat island effect. Temperature range was greater at "BG" than at any of the onsite stations. This is reflective of the inland location. Again the winter part of the year reflects the great similarity between all sites, while the warmer part shows greater diversity (Figure D-9). It should be noted that the overall range increased throughout the period, while the standard deviation remained constant at about 5 FO. Precipitation totals for the period are relatively dissimilar ranging fran a high of 11.19 inches in "BG" to a low of 8.35 at Station "T." "BG" probably reads high because of a heavy isolated storm in April which lef t little or no precipitation at other stations. Conversely "T" reads low because of the very open site and wind effects on snow accumulation, with most of "T" snows reading low.
D-4 DECEMBER. Temperatures generally were below normal throughout the month, but no extremely cold days were recorded. Cloud cover was almost con-tinuous, and precipitation was above normal the first few days but remained close to normal for most of the month. In distinguishing the differences among the various stations during the month, minimum temperature and tempera-ture range were important (Figure D-1). Station "BG" was cooler than the three stations at Davis-Besse, primarily because of the lake effect, but the greatest combined differences occurred between "A" and "B." JANU ARY. January was a very mild month with maximum temperature readings greater than average on 24 days of the month. Precipitation was frequent and totaled close to normal. khile the number of cloud cover days was high, the prevalance of southerly winds made the month relatively pleasant. Differences between stations were comparatively snall, with the greatest over-all variation again occurring between Stations "A" and "B" (Figure D-2). This occurred because of the great interelement variability rather than the difference in the overall means or totals. FEBRUARY. February was a pleasant winter month with temperatures staying close to normal. Precipitation was 2.44 inches, well above the mean, and 17 days were canpletely cloud covered. Discrimination between the stations was very small in February (Figure D-3), with no element exhibiting much variability. MARCH. March temperatures averaged lower than normal with cooler maxima. Precipitation was near normal and came as light rains. The discriminant function
~~coefficients were very low, indicating little variability between stations.~~
Even so, while precipitation at the Davis-Besse site was very low (one-half inch), "BG" had over three times that amount because of a heavy local storm. l Toledo Express Airport was more representative with its measurement of 0.62 l
~~inches.~~
l 1 _ _ , .l
D-5 APRIL. April had persistent but not record breaking cold weather, averaging 43.5 F 0 , almost 14 FO below normal. All of the onsite stations had cooler than normal tenperatures compared with "BG" because of the proxi-mity to the lake. Vegetation development was approximately ten days behind schedule. Precipitation was deficient, approximately 1.25 inches below normal.
~~' Station to station differences were very small (Figure D-5). Station "B" ranked highest in variability, primarily on the basis of temperature.~~
MAY. May had near or above normal temperatures. Precipitation, still below the average, totaled 2.69 inches, but weather was cool and evaporation rates low. Variations between some stations were large (See Figures D-6 and D-7); the greatest deviations again occurred between station "B" and all other stations. (InFigure D-7 and in the previous figures, Dsq is a measure of total variation between stations.) Because of shading, temperatures at "B" averaged some 5 F0 cooler than "BG," but other stations at Davis-Besse were cooler than inland, again because of the lake effect. Evaporation was con-siderably less at "B" because of the lower winds caused by the sheltering effect of the trees and of the cooler tenperatures. Precipitation was of the variable, showery type. The combination of these many local differences and variations resulted in significant differences from the statistical com-parisons of the stations.
CLIMATOLOGICAL sue 1ARY FOR DECEMBER 1974 Station A Station B Station T Station BG Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev.
~
MAX TEM P._ AI R . _ .__ _ ____. __3.4_._03 3.82 34.16 3.23 35.19 2.99 32.84 3.79 MIN TEMP AIR 26 90 5.61 _2_6.13 5.41 27.90 5.56 24.87 6 . 6_9_ AVE TEMP AIR 30.81 4.21 30.10 3.90 31.55 4.13 28.94 4.90
-~
RQCE_ TEMP AIR 7.06 3.45 8.03 4.15 P. 29 4.07 7.97 4 48~' TOT FRECIP 1.82 2.12 2.45 3.14 ACTUAL EVAP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 AVE REL llUM 85.45_ 7.65 73.48 4.67 85.26 8.01 80.06 8.64 AVL Dpi PT _. _27. 06 _5.07 23.52 4.33 27.74 4.96 24.29 5.47 MAX TE!!P SOIL 10 CM 25.45 0.94 23.39 3.14 MIN TEMP SOIL 10 CM _24.58 0.83 22.32 3.47 AVf. TE!!P SOIL 10 O! 25.03 0.78 22.68 3.29 RANCE TE:!P SOIL 10 CM 0.84 0.68 1.06 1.13 MAX TEMP SOIL 20 CM 26.19 0.78 23.26 3.24 ~ Mill TE!!P SOIL 20 01 25.61 0.79 22.42 3.69 AVE TE!!P S0IL 20 01 25.90 0.78 22.84 3.44~~~ ~ ~ PANGE TEMP SOIL 20 CM 0.55 0.56 0.84 0.W5 MAX TEMP SOIL 50 CM, 28.81 1.20 29.97 3.40 MIM TE11P SOIL 50 Ot.__ 28,32 1.25 29.16 3.75 AVE TEMP SOIL 5,0.CM __ _28.52. 1.19 29.52 3.44 R ANG_E TEMP SOIL 50 Of 0.48 0.56 , 0.74 0.67 DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION COEFFICIENTS l A-T l B-T _ l A-B _ A-BG B-BG T-BG M AX JEM P. A I R . . .0.01232.._ _. .-0.03095 0,.03 f3 Z7 0 E 126 0.01520 0.02423 MIN TEMP AIR -0.02099 0.03432 -0.04669 -0.03129 -0.01004 -0.02236 0.06858'~-'
~
~~IVE TEili' EiR' O.00698 " -0.00332~~
~
~~0.01201 0.02204~~
~~
~~0.00561 ~ R ANCE _ TEMP AIR' --0. 01 U 8 _ ,1 0.02[7 5 -li.'d3761 -0. 0249T) ~~'~~~
~~-0T0Y~3 09 - d'.~0 f9 9 9-' '~~
~~TOT PRECIP -0.01050 -0.00665 -0.03285 0.01168 0.00347 0.00384 4~~
~~~ ~ ~~ ~ -~~~
~~L1 i ~ 0.050is--- -05308~~
~
0.00if46 0.0i)428 -0diiD39 - ~~ 0 ~. 0i) 3 0 5---- - IdE hEQI_'_[ _ __0[00031 $030M d[.~dO3'37 -0._i51,I 13 -0.01014 -03E5711___. gvy. g ,_psg__ 0.32744 3.92906 5.17414 1.08347 1.47578 1.02003 rirt*t e ti 1
C;LIMATOLOGICAL
~~SUMMARY~~
FOR JANUARY 1975 Station A Station B Station T Station BG Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. MAX TEMP AIR .36.65 .. . _9.14. _ 35.74 S . 02_. _37,10. _.._9.98__ 35.D.6. _ _ _ 9.34 MIN TEMP AIR 25.84 ..___6.. M _ _ .24.55- - . . . 7 .11_ .25.74 _ _. . __7 . 51_. 24.71 . _ _ 7.41 AVE TEMP AIR 30.84 . . ._7 . 2 8 ___ .29.81 ._7 52.._ 31.52 __ ._ . . 8. 04 - _2 9 . 9 7. - - - - . 7.80 RANGE _ TEMP, AIR 10. 74___ ____ 6 24 11 m % 4 9 _. 11 96 A J2 __ ._10.35 5.92, TOT PRECIP 1.66 ._.._. _.__ _ ___ _ _ 1. 5 8. .. _. _. . _ _. .. __ _ _ _0 . 6 2 .. . ..
.__ _ __1.22 ACTUAL EVAP 0.0 0.0 _ _ 0 . 0 _. . ._.. . .. _ _ 0 . 0 ._ _ . _0 . 0 . _ _ __ . . . 0. 0. . _ . 0. 0. . _. _ . . 0.0 AVE REL HUM 78.94 . 7.60 _ _68.74 . ._. 5 .19_. . _7 7. 4 5___ _._ . _ . . _8. 09 . _72 . 2 3__. ___. . 9.60 AVE DEW PT .. 25.45 _ _ 8. 2 3 __ _21. 55.__ __. __ _. _l. 8 7 _. . _25. 81. __.._. .. _ S . 4 6_ . 22d8 . _ _ _ _ 9.28 MAX TEMP SOIL 10 CM 24.87 .._3.61. _ .23.65_.... _...4.09_.. _ _ . _ . _ ._._..___ _ .. ._ .. _ . .
MIN, TEMP S01L 10 CM 2 3 .19._ _ _. . _.__. ._2 91 JL62 1.1H_ _ __._... ._. AVE TEMP SOIL 10 CM 24.13 _._ . 3 .19.__ _ _2 2. 5 5_._ __ . __. _3 . 4 5. _ . . . . . . . _ . . _ . . . _. RANCE TEMP SOIL 10 CM 1.68 1. 6 5..._ _.2.19..__.. .. 2.58 _ . _ _ _ _ . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . _ . . _ . . . _ . . . MAX TE!!P SOIL 20 CM 23.61 2.91.,_ _23.10._...___ .__3.36. . . _ . . . . . _ . _ __ _ _ _ _ _ . . MIN TEt1P SOIL 20 C4 22.61 ._. 2,52 21,.3.5 . . _3 .11.__. _ . . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _.. AVE TEMP SOIL 20 CM 23.16 2.63 21,39 . .. 4.82 . . . _ _ . . .. _._ . RANGE TEMP SOIL 20 CM 1.03 0.97 1.74 2.64 ._ ItAX TEMP SOIL 50 CM 26.84 1.53 28.23 2.32 MIN TEMP SOIL 50 at 26.19 1.53 26.97 2.38 _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ . . _ . _ . . . _ _ . AVE TEMP SOIL 50 CM 26.45 ' , 1.62 _ 27.I8 t 2.18 . . _ _ . _ _ . RANGE TEMP SOIL 50 CM 0.65 0.65 1.26 1.34 DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION COEFFICIENTS A-f l B-T A-B I A-BG B BG T-BG MAX TEMP AIR 0.00564 -0.01106 . . _ _ _ . _ _ . _ . _ . _ . _0.02076 ._____ -0. 0 2 516_ __..___. .0.01503._._ __. MIN TEMP AIR 0.00023 0.016 3 . . . . _ , , _ . . _ -0.01602.. .. 0 . 0 2 9 21_..___. . .0.01556...__ AVE TEMP AIR -0.00523 -0.00011 . .. . . . . -0.01270 __..._ -0,00525.___ _. -0.00619 .. RANGE TEMP AIR -0.00268 0.01151 -0.01671.. ._. 0.02687_ _ -0.01329. y TOT FRECIP. 0.04882 _. ._0.00581 _n_0021 0.01010 _Q 05927 ____ N ACTUAL EVAP - AVE 1EL llUM 0.00127 -0.0038_3 _... _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ .0.00097. _.___ -0,0018 2_ _ ,. _.. _ 0,00056, . _. AVE 11:U PT -0.00142 -0.00283 0.00638 0.00209 0.00562 ovj g n3;n 0.38572 _ 2.46768 1.37147 0.41983 0.93903 a cone n.,
~~~ .~~
~~CLIMATOLOGICAL~~
~~SUMMARY~~
FOR FEBRUARY 1975 ' Station A Station B Station T Station BG Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. M.% TEMP._ AIR _ 3A i R .18 .__ .34,36_.. 8.20_ .35.93.. __.._.... .. 7.75 32.35 ... ._....._ 7.38 _.22.. E[G
~~!!IM TEMP,61R._ . .. 12 67 .22.39_ 12.14 _ . 2 3. 75 _.. _ . ._ 12.08 22.61 .. 9.17 i~~
AVE. Tp!P. AUL _2&.39 10.16_._ .23.18 __ 9.A2_ .29. 7 L . _ _ 8.84 27.71 7.65 RANGE TEMP ATR _11.36 7.57 _1L 96 7.72 12.25 _ 8.,06 LO,5.0 __ __ _4, .61._ TOT.PREgIP.__ l . 02_ . _ . . _ . 1, 3 0 .._ __. __ __ . _ _ . . 1.02 1.02 ACTUAL EVAP ___Q . 0 Q.0 __0 , 0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AVE REL IML. _7L14 .. ___.11.95__ .7L OL __. _ ,_ _11. 0 L. 7.9, 7 5 .. 11.28 71.75 12.08 AVE DER l'T__.__ _23.J 6._ __ . ., _9,8 7._ _, 21,36 9.15 24 ,'19 9.51 19.95 9.26 MAX TEMP SOIL 10 CM _.25,14 2.63 24.93 .3.49 {lltJ TEMP SOIL 10 CM 24.14 2.40 22.96 2.02 . _ _ _ _ __ AVE TEMP SOIL 10 CM 24.54 2.65 23.86 2.55 RANCE TE!!P S0IL 10 CM 1.00 0.80 1.96 1.95 MAX TEMP SOIL 20 CM 23.36- 1.99 24.11 2.40 MIN TEllP SOIL 20 0-1 22.82 2.14 23.00 2.10 - AVE TEMP SOIL ,2_0 QL_ _21 04 , _ , L 99_ 23_.50__ 2J9_ _ _ _ _ . . RANCE TEMP SOIL 20 CM 0.54 0.63 1.11 0.94 M/J TEMP SOIL 50 CM 24.61 1.50 29.29 1.60 MIN TEMP SOIL 50 C1 24.25 1.77 28.36 1.49 As E TEttP SOIL 50 CM 24.54 1.70 28.68 1.42 RANCE TEMP SOIL 50 CH__ 0.36 0.48 C.93 0.65 DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION COEFFICIENTS l A-T B-T j A-B A-BG l B-BG T-BG MAX TEMD AIR 0,03162 0,0323L9 ___0.037.34 ___0.000 2 3._ _ . 0.00534... .. 0.00505._ . MIN TEMP AIR . _ -0,03711 -0.034Q7 .-0. 04 018_____ _-0. 012 2 5. .. _.. .-0.00444_ -0.00282 AVE TEMP AIR -0,00157..._ _ -0.00360 . 0.00078 _ _..0.00187.. .-0.00562 -0.00848 RANCE TEMP. AIR -0,03559.. ___ -Q . 0'}434 .-0.03922 _ _ _.0.00446._ .-0.00395 -0.00186 o TOT IRECIP -0.01113 0,00876 _ LD1020 -0.02257 _.0.00565 r0.01302. _.._ m ACTUAL EVAP,_ ..--
/.VE REl. liUtt _-0.00237 -0.00275 -0.00029 -0.00213 -0.00142 -0.00056 ' AVE Dell l'T ~ 0.00730 0.00520 0.00360 0.01202 0.00573 0.00716 ..ovenA lL _r'@,h ~ 'U'.70382 0.86998 0.45747 1.36723_ 0.47137 1.07189 .. ~ _
i nemE n.3
CLIMATOLOGICAL
~~SUMMARY~~
FOR MARCH 1975 Station A Station B Station T Station BG Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. t1AX TEMP. AIR _ .31.32 1D.04. 40.10. . . . __ . . 10. 01.. 40.52 10.41 42.19 11.86 I M.IN. TEMP. AIR .28.90 . _.5. 41 .27.81. . . . . . __5.34. 28.84 5.45 28.39 6.45 AVE TEMP AIR __ _ . . _ _ . 34.35 _._ . _6 . 7 2 .33.68 . . . 6.63 34.55 '6.68 35.55 8.94 RANGE TEMP AIR 10.65 6.33 _1L 29___ 7.19 _1L O3.__ __ ____ _.. 6 . 24 13.61 . 6.50 TOT.PRECIP.___. 0.55 _____._ __ 0.80._ ...___ _ . _ 0.20 1.58 ACTUAL EVAP 0,0 0,0 0.0 _0.Q_.. . 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AVE REL HUM 76,55 9,M ._68,00 _ . .. 6. 90. 77.10 8.49 68.35 10.65 AVE DEU PT 28.10 7.43 25.19 6 ,3 7_ . .28.68 7.46 26.65 9.20 MAX TEMP SOIL 10 CM 28.81 4.02 31,94 .3,74 _ _ _ . . MIN TEMP _ SOIL 10 CM 26.42 2.41 27.23 3 Jt9__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . __ . _ . . . _ __ AVE TEMP SOIL 10 Cet 27.74 3.24 29.68 4.67 _ RANCE TE't? SOIL 10 CM 2.39 2.03 4.71 __ ,3,24_. _ _. . MAX TEltP S0lt 20 CM 26.35 3.34 29.13 4.77 MIN TEMP SOIL 20 CM 25.52 2.84 26.06 3.28 AVE TEMP SOIL 20 Of 26.00 3.06 27.74 4.02 RANCE TEltP SOIL 20 CM 0.84 0.99 3.06 2.05 _ _ _ _ _ _ _., _ _ _ . . MAX TEMP SOIL 50 CM 26.42 1.85 31.65 2.63 MIN TEMP SOIL 50 Cf 26.16 1.95 31.05 2.49 AVE TEMP SOIL 50 CM 26.32 1.86 31.23 2.56 RANCE TEMP SOIL 50 CM 0.26 0.44 0.61 0.90 DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION COEFFICIENTS A-T I B-T l[ A-B A-BG B-BG T-BG l
!1AX TEMP AIR -0.00337 --0.00533 . 0.00097. ___ 0.00193 ._._ 0.00021 0.00299 MIN TEMP. AIR . 0.00231 . 0.01878__ _ -0. 00984. . .._ .. .-0.00105 0.00577 -0.00174 AVE TEllP AIR '0.01629 . -0.02295_._._. 0.02965 ____._ .--0.00118 -0.01389 -0.00769 R ANCE TEMP AIR 0.00206 . 0.00981__ . -0.00508.. . -0.00236 0.00333 -0.00226- o TOT PRECIP 0.06112 _._0.15515 -_0.11338__ -0 0/260 t -0.01544 -0.05494 E ACTUAL FVAP, . . _ , , _ _ , , _ _ _ . _ , , _ _ . , , .._,_,- - -
~~AVE REL llUM , 0.00421 ..__ .-0.00965 .___. .0. 0099 0 ... _. _.0.00124~~
. -0.00243 -0.00011 .WF DEU PT -0.01546 _ __. .0,m 395_ _ .- 0,0?.09'> _ . _ ,0.00019 0.00778 0.00598 l oVER.M.I. nso ,, 0.34346 3'44514 . 2.%678 0.91317 0.46383 1.28017 rirw'na _ _ _ _
CLIMATOLOGICAL SUtBIARY FOR APRIL 1975 Station A Station B Station T Station BG Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. MAX TEMP AIR 48 7 1.0.I2 __48 17 9.16 49.30 10.12 53.90 10.59 MIN TDiP AIR 36.93 7.56 36.23 7.27 37.00 7.83 37.17 8.10 AVE TEMP AIR 42.90 8.61 42.00 8.25 42.97 8.71 45.93 9.50 RANCE_ TEMP AIR 11.93 5.23 13.27 7.98 12.27 ___ _ _5_.73, TOT PRECIP 1.25 5._40 _16 73 1.45 1.50 1.63 ACTUAL EVAP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AVE REL HUM 72.67 11.03 63.50 6.60 73.03 11.05 66.33 13.98 AVE DEU PT 35.00 10.45 30.90 8.83 35.23 10.29 35.33 11.91 ttAX TEMP SOIL 10 CM 37.59 6.18 43.67 5.38 MIN TEMP SOIL 10 O! 33.20 4.59 35.33 4.14 AVE TEMP SOIL 10 CM 35.47 5.23 3 ') . 23 4.96 RANCE TEMP SOIL 10 O! 4.37 2.59 7.83 3.79 MAX TE!!P SOIL 20 CM 34.23 4.77 38.83 5.33 33.63 ~~~~ ~~ C74"
~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~
MIN TEMP SOIL 20 C't 32.73 4.31 AVE TEMP SOIL 20 01 33.63 4.51 36.17 4.90 RA!;CE TE!!P SOIL 20 CM 1.50 0.89 5.20 2.41 MAX TE !P S0lt 50 Q1 31.23 3.12 37.57 3.65 MIN TDiP SOIL 50 Ci 31.03 3.02 36.53 3.70 AVE TE!!P SOIL 50 CM 31.17 3.11 36.90 3.81 RANGE TEMP SOIL 50 O! 0.20 0.40 1.03 0.80 DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION COEFFICIENTS l A-T B-T I A-B A-EG B-BG ( l l T-EG M6.L 'IEttP_ AIR _ -0. 03655 -0.0I)143 ' -0.070s1 -0.00428 _0. 004 6_1_ __ _. . ,-0.04381_. tilf[ TEMP AIR _ 0.03534 __ . _.0.00317 _:0.00420 ___Q. 004 00.__ _ . . -0,00980 ,_ 0.04044 AVE TEMP . AIR . .0.00162 ._ ._0.00093: ._0.00466 ___. _-0.00724 0.01263 0.00671 RANCE TEMP AIR _0.03567 _0.00127..___ ._--0. 0 00 8 9..__ _ __ ___.0.00176.. --0.00322
~~. 0.04372 T' TgT PRECTP ___0.00237 ACTUAL EVAP _~~
__.D. O.13 70 __ .0.01894. ._-Q. 01 1_3 5 . 0_.03611 _ _._0.014_39 ___ g AVE REL llUM . -0.00001 . .-0.00211___ 0.00311 -0.00205 0.00448 0.00020 AVE DEW PT .-0.00033 --0.00151 -0.00100 0.00784
. . . -0.00936 -0.00314 ,0yg.A1,1. DSO O.08962 1.48412 1.51741 1.07841 1.47297 L._094 51 ricou n-s
~~CLIMATOLOGICAL~~
~~SUMMARY~~
FOR MAY 1975 Station A Station B Station T Station BG Ifean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. Mean Std. Dev. MAX TEMP AIR . . _ _ . . 69.45 . 8.08 72.48 9.17 71.58 9.10 77.35 9.32 MIN TEMP. AIR ___ 56.90__ _ 8.46 56.90 6.50 57.19 7.12 58.29 7.82_ AVE, TEMP _ AIR._ 62.97 7.24 64.00 6.88 64.45 7.30 67.10 7.86 RANCE TEMP AIR 13.13 5.23 15.58 5.14 13.94 5.30 19.06 4.68 TOT FRECIP 2.24 2.87 2.56 2.69 ACTUAL EVAP 1.62 0.99 0.87 0.51 2.29 1.34 2.59 1.13 AVE REL llUM 77.42 11.37 56.87 5.40 72.26 10.56 ~~Mi 65 T2T99' AVE DEU PT 55.52_ 8.17 48.16 7.09 55.35 8.68 56.16 10.45 MAX TE!!P S0lt 10 O! 59.03 5.08 61.94 4.30 MIN TEt!P SOIL 10 CM 52.74 5.61 52.94 4.97 '}}

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