ML20203J672
| ML20203J672 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07109033 |
| Issue date: | 12/17/1997 |
| From: | AMERSHAM CORP. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20203J638 | List: |
| References | |
| PROC-971217, NUDOCS 9712220039 | |
| Download: ML20203J672 (63) | |
Text
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SENTINEL TEST PLAN NO. 74
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REGUI.ATORY AFFAIRS APPROVAL.:bMhgA.
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ENGINEERING APPROVAL:
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QUALITY ASSURANCE APPROVAL:
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REGULATORY AFFAIRS APPROVAL.:
DATE:
PAmersham OSA 9712220039 971217 PDR ADOCK 07109033 C
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. 4 SENTINEL -
Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17.1997 Burhngton, Massachusetts Page li Table of Contents Li st o f Fi g u re s an d Tabl es......................................................................................... i v 1.0 Cu rren t Transport Package Overview.............................................................. 2 2.0 Purpose...............................................................................................................3 3.0 Sys t e m Fa il u re o f I n t e res t...........................,........................................................... 4 4.0 Cimstruction ami Conditlon of Test Specimens.................................................... 7 5.0 M a i e ri al a n d int u i p m e n t L is t............................................................................. 10
- 6. 0 Tes t P r o c e d u rc................................................................................................... 1 1
- 6. I Roles and Respon sibilities............................................................................. I 1 6.2 Test Specimen Preparation and Inspection............................................. 12 6.3 30-foot Free Drop Test (10 CFR 71.73(c)(!))......................................... 13 6.3.1 30-foot Free Drop Setup.,....................................
................13 6.3.2 Orientation for the 30-foot Free Drop: Specimens A & C..............14 6.3.3 Orientation for the 30-foot Free Drop: Specimens B & D...............15 6.3.4 30-foot Free Drop Test Assessment...................................I6 6.4 Puncture Test (10 CFR 71.73(c)(3)).............................................................. 17 6.4.1 Pu n c t u re Te st S et u p............................................................................. I 7 6.4.2 Orientation for the Puncture Test: Specimens A & C....................... 18 6.4.3 Orientation for the Puncture Test: Specimens B & D........................ 19 6.4.4 Puncture Test Asses;. ment........................................................... 20 6.5 Int:rmediate Test inspection
.. 20 6.6 Thermal Test ( 10 CFR 71.73(c)(4))...................................................... 21 6.6.1 The rm al Te s t...........................................
,........................23 6.6.2 Thermal Test Assessment............................................
...........-23 6.7 Fi nal Te st I n s pec t io n............................................................................... 24
- 6. 8 Fi n al A s sess me nt.............................................................
. 24
s SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Page iii 7.0 W o r ks h ee t s............................................................................................................... 2 5 Appendix A: Drawings Appendix II: Selected Fasteners
.'.ppendix C: Referenced Materials 3
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SENTINEL
- Test Plan #74
, Amershavn Corporation -
Decernber 17.1997 -
1
- Buriangton. Massachusetts Pagelv List of Figures and Tables e
1
. Figure 1: Side Vicw of a Model 660 Series Projector.....................................................-2.
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Figurc 2: Impact on' Bottom Edge of Front End Plate....................................................... 5 Figure 3:- Impact on Top Edge of the Front Plate.............................................................. '5 Figure 4: Impact on Bottom Edge of Rear Plate............................................................... 6 Figure 5: Impact on Top Edge of the Rear Plate............................................................. 6 Table 1 : M odel 660 Series Vr.riations........................................................................ 8 '
Figure 6: Orientation for the 30-foot Free Drop: Specimens A & C............................. 14 Figure 7: Or.' ntation for the 30-foot Free Drop: Specimens B & D.............................. 15
- Figure' 8: Orientation for the Puncture Test: Specimens A & C................................... 18 I
Figure 9: Orientation for the Puncture Test: Specimens B & D................................... 19
. Equipmc n t Li st 1 : 30- foot Free D rop............................................................................. 26 Chec k li st 1 : 3 0- foot Free Drop...................................................................................... 27 Equ ipment List 2: Pu nctu re Test................................................................................. 30 Chec kl i st 2 : Pu nctu re Test................................................................................................ 31 Equipment List 3: The rm al Te s t.................................................................................... 3 4 Che c k l i st 3 : The rmal Test............................................................................................... 3 5 r
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s SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Durtington, Massachusetts Page 1 of 37 j
Amersham Test Plan #74 Dis document describes additional package design testing for Sentinel Model 660 Series tuojectors to meet NRC requirements for Type B(U) packages under Ilypothetical Accident Conditions (10 CFR 71.73). Testing under Normal Transport Conditions (10 CFR 71,71) is described in Araersham Test Plan #73.
The test plan also covers the criteria stated in I AEA, Safety Series 6 (1985, as amended 1990).
Quality Assurance will be involved in all aspecM of this test plan and its execution.
The Model 660 Series includes the following models: 660,660A,660B,660E,660AE, and 660BE. Reference Certnicate of Compliance 9033.
The tests in this plan evaluate a Model 660 Series design change that resulted from tests performed under Amersham Test Plan #70. In that testing, the 30 foot free drop caused failure of the end-plate screws on Specimen D, and subsequent oxidation and loss of the shield during the thermal test. The design change involves the use of stainless steel end-plate screws instead of the carbon steel screws used in the Test Plan #70 specimens.
We are specifying Military Standard screws, MS 51959-81 (1/4-20 x 3/4" long). The specification is included in Appendix B: Selected Fasteners. The tensile strength of these screws is twice that of the nominal strength of the carbon steel screws (110,000 psi versus 55,000 psi). In addition, at room temperature, the toughness of stainless steel is 40% greater than that of carbon steel; at -40' C, the stainless steel's toughness is four times greater than carbon steel's. Refer to the toughness versus temperaiore curve in Appendix B: Selected Fasteners.
As noted in the failure analysis by Packaging Technology,Inc. (November 25,1997), the Specimen D shield experienced a deceleration of 200g in the 30-foot free drop in Test Plan #70.
If the two end-plate screws closest to the lock assembly experience the full extent of the shield deceleration load, the tensile stress induced in these mews is calculated as follows:
stress = (shield mass)(impact deceleration)/ tensile area 2
= (40 lbs)(200g x cos 39 )/(2 x 0.0318 in )
= 97,800 psi The induced stress is less than the ultimete strength of the two stainless steel screws (l 10,000 psi).
This document outlines the testing scenario, justifies the package orientations, and provides test worksheets to record key steps in the testing sequence.
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- SENTINEL -
Test Plan #74
- Amersham Corporation -
December 17,1997 '
Burlington, Massachusetts -
Page 2 of 37 -
1.0' Current Transport Package Overview The Model 660 Series projector consists of a source tube enclosed in'a depleted-uranium shield, an end plate with a lock assembly, a second end plate with a storage-plug assembly, four steel connecting rods, a sheet metal shell and foam packing material (Figure 1).
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Figure I: Side View ofa Model 660 Series l'rojector The shield consists of a 1/2-inch outside diameter source tube with its mid section set in depleted uranium. One end of the source tube is inserted into a 1/2-inch hole in the lock 4
assembly at the rear end-plate. The other end of the shield's source tube is inserted into another 1/2 inch hole in the shipping plug at the front end-plate. Both 1/2. inch holes allow enough
- radial clearance for a slip fitting attachment.There is approximately 1/8 inch axial clearance at the front end for assembly.
The source is contained in a special-form, encapsulated capsule assembly which is attached to the source wire assembly. This source wire assembly is secured in the package by the lock L
assembly. The lock assembly, in turn, is attached to the rear end-plate by four # 10 stainless steel screws There are two versions of the lock assembly used on the Model 660 series projectors.
The size, material and location of the end-plate screws are identical on both versions.
The shield, end plates and the sheet metal shell are connected by four 3/8-inch thick steel rods -
which are threaded at each end to accept 1/4-inch screws securing the end plates to the rods.
A polyurethane foam is used to fill the space around the shield and fill void within the sheet l-metal shell. The foam acts as an impact absorber.
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SENTINEL Test Plan #74 j
Amersham Corporation Decemt>er 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Page 3 of 37 The depleted-uranium shield provides the primary radiation protection for the Model 660 Series projector. The shield accomplishes this by limiting the transmission of gamma rays to a dose i
level at or below 200 mR/hr at the package surface and limiting the dose level at or below 10 mlUhr at one meter from the surface of the package. A fracture of the shield could compromise this protection.
The location of the source relative to its stored position in the shield is also an important safety element. A large displacement of the source relative to its stored position could elevate the dose at the surface of the package above regulatory limits.
There are two possible scenarios to displace the source relative to its stored position:
The shield could move away from the source if the source tubes were bent or frac-tured during testing.
The source could move away from the shield if the lock assembly became loose or was removed from the end plate or if the end plates themselves became loose or were removed during testing.
The tests m this plan ibcus on damaging those components of the package which could cause the displacement of the source relative to its stored position within the shield and which affect the integrity of the shield itself.
2.0 Purpose The purpose of this plan, which was developed in accordance with Amersham SOP-E005, is to test and evaluate modifications to the Model 660 Series projectors so that the Type B transport package req.rements of 10 CFR 71 are met.
The series includes these models: 660,660A,660B,660E,660AE, and 660BE, Refer to Appendix A for descriptive drawings of these models.
The Normal Transport Conditions tests (10 CFR 71.71) have been performed on the test specimens as part of Amersham Test Plan #73. These tests included the compression test, penetration test and four-foot free drop.
The flypothetical Accident Conditions tests (10 CFR 71.73) to be performed are the 30-foot free drop, puncture test, and thermal test.
The crush test (10 CFR 71.73(c)(2)) is not performed because the radioactive contents are special-form radioactive material.
The immersion test and all other conditions specified in 10 CFR 7 I will be separately evaluated in accordance with Amersham Work Instruction Wi-E08.
I
1 SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Pago 4 of 37 3.0 System Failure of Interest De possible system failure tested in this plan is the failure of the end-plate screws. Failure of the end-plate screws on either plate could cause exposure of the shield to damage during the thermal test, especially if the foam burns.
Two package orientations are specified in this rhn:
Specimen D orientation in Test Plan #70, the orientation that caused the end-plate screw failure.
Inversion of the Test Plan #70 Specimen D orientation. The impact surface is the top edge of the front plate.
Other orientations that were considered but rejected include:
End plate sides. llecause these surfaces are curved, they provide very small impact surfaces compared to the top or bottom edge of either plate.
Top edge of the rear plate. The load on the screws provided by this orientation would be less than the load created by the orientation for Specimens B and D.
Figure 2 through Figure 5 show the four possible orientations to impact either the top or the bottom edge of an end. plate. With cuh figure is a calculation of the loading on the screws of interest. The calculations assume that the end plate is attached only at point a.
For sake ofillustration, the calculations use 56 pounds for the vertical force. In the calculations:
f, is the component force loading parallel with the axis of the screws.
f is the component force loading perpendicular to the axis of the screws.
y Summing the moments around the impact point (r) and equating it to zero determines the resultant force at the point of the screws (a).
Figures 3 and 4 demonstrate the worst-case loading on the end-plate screws ofinterests. These are the orientations selected for this test plan.
Two units are to be tested with each orientation, one with the end-plate screws torqued to 120 in-lbs (* 10 in-lbs), the other with the end-plate screws tightened to 10 in-Ibs (*2 in-lbs).
The orientations in this test plan are designed to further the damage to the end-plate screws r
caused during the execution o Test Plan #73.
'4 SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Arr.orsham Corporation -
December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Page 5 of 37 l' x
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gn fa = 56 COS (36') = 45 LBS fy = 56 SIN (3U) a 33 LBS 0 = (1.9)*(45) - (6 ?)*(Ro) = 0 Mr =
Ro = 13.8 LBS IMPACT ON BOTTOM FRONT EDGE Figure 2: hnpact on Bottom Edge ofFront End Plate k,
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Fu = 56 COS (47) = 43 LOS ry = 56 SIN (40~) = 36 LBS Mr = 0 = (7,5)*(43) - (8 7)*(Ro) = 0
[ Ro = 31.1 Le3J NPACT ON 10P FRONT EDGE (ORiFNIAllON B&'))
Figure 3: Impact on Top Edge ofthe Front Flate
4 SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 -
Durlington, Massachusetts
. Page 6 of 37
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IMPACT ON BOTTOM REAR EDGE (ORIENTATION AE)
Figure.9: Impact on Bottom Edge ofRear Plate t-
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gym ra. = 56 COS (49') = 37 LBS Fy e 56 SIN (49') = 42 LBS 0 = (4.2)*(37) - (8.7)'(Ro) = 0 Me w Ro = 17.9 LDS IMPACT ON TOP REAR EDGE Figure 5: Impact on Top Edge of the Rear Plate
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' SENTINEL.
' Test Plan #74 L Amersham Corporation.
= December 17,1997 Burhngton. Macachusetts,
Page 7 of 37 4.0 - Conttruction and Condition of Test Specimens The test specimens will be the Model 66011 units built for the Normal Transport Conditions -
tests in Test Plan #73. 'Ihese units were constructed in accordance with Amersham Drawing.
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- TP73, Rev. A (Drawing TP73). With the exception of the stainless steel end-plate screws, the units speciGed in Drawing TP73 are in accordance with the NRC-approved design.-
Drawing TP73, specines the Model 660 Series in its worst-case transport condition, that is, with supplemental lead added to the shield. The added weight induces higher loads during dynamic testing.
For the 30-foot free drop and the puncture tests, the test temperature of specimen must be at or.
below -40' C at the time of each test, a minimum temperature required by I AEA, Safety Series 6 (1985, as amended 1990). The low temperature represents the worst-case condition for the '
package because of the potential for reduction in strength of the end-piate screws.
Feur test units t. id two spares were built according to the Drawing TP73 and the Amersham Quality Assurance Program:
Endfplate M:rektorque valuegh h20inillis(*10 in-lbs)lygg$ [10 in-Ibs(*2 inilbsMyg
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impact bottom edge of rear plate Specimen A Specimen C Impact top edge of front plate Specimen G Specimen D Spare unit Specimen SI Specimen S2 The tests for Specimens A and C attack the end-plate screws by targeting the bot-tom edge of the rear end-plate.
The tests for Specimens 11 and D attack the top edge of the front plate.
The package orientations specified in this plan are designed to further the damage inflicted on the TP73 test units in testing under Normal Transport Conditions.
' NOTEt Because each test is designed to add to damage inflicted on a specific component or -
msembly in the preceding test, it is important that each specimen maintain its identity throughout the battery oftests and that the setup instructions specific to the specimen are strictlyfollowed Tabic I lists the differences between the test specimens and other 660 Series models.
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SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amorsham Corpration December 17,1997 Burlington, Mass schusotts Page 8 of 37
. Table 1: Model 660 Series Variations
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Feature 660 Series Models per Drawmg TP73 i
Shell Material Stainless steel Models 660AE,660BE and 660E have wires and connectors attached to ends plates for automatic actuation.
Models 660,660A and 660B do not have actuator wires and connectors.
Lock Assembly Posilok" ne Model 660 and 660E use a non Posilok lock assembly.
All other models feature the Posilok lock assembly.
Actuator Wires No actuator wires and Models 660AE,660BE and 660E have wires and connectors and Connectors connectors attached to ends plates for automatic actuation.
Models 660,660A and 660B do not have actuator wires and connectors.
Shield Capacity 140 Curie The following models have 120-Curie capacity shields:
660,660A,660AE and 660E.
He following models have 140-Curie capacity shields:
660B and 660BE.
Ilody Width Standard width Some Model 660s and Model 660Es have a narrow-body (51/4 inct es) design (4 3/4 inches wide).
All other models only use the standard-width body (51/4 inches).
Source Tube Titaniu...
Prior to 1980, the Models 660,660A,660AE and 660E were Material manufactured with zircaloy source tubes.
All other units have titanium source tubes.
Use of t ead Supplemental lead Prior to June 1992, some units in the Model 660 Series had added lead added to supplement the shielding. The maximum amount oflead added was three pounds. The amount was also limited by a maxin.um shield weight of 40 pounds and a maximum package w eight of 56 pounds.
Weight 54 pounds minimum Over the last five years, the average package weight has been approximately 50 pounds. Earlier in the product history, the average weight was approximately 53 pounds.
End-plate Stainless steel screws Standard Model 660 Series projectors have commercial fasteners MS 51959-81 caibon steel end-plate screws.
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' SENTINEL.
Test Plan #74 -
Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Page 9 of 37 Table 1: Model 660 Series Variations (Continued)
Test Specimm 660 Series Models Feature per Drawing TP73 End plate screw Specimens A, B and SI Carbon steel screws used in the standard Model 660 Series torque value end plate screws projectors are torqued to 80 in lbs (il0 in-Ibs) tightened to 120 in-lbs (110 in-lbs)
Specimens C, D and S2.
end-plate screws tightened to 10 in-lbs (12 in-lbs)
The difTerences listed in Table I impact the testing or are made for the following reasons:
Shell Materiais: The shell thickness is 1/16-inch for the carbon steel and stainless steel versions 'I he likelihood of a crack or brittle flaw increases with the thickness of the section and is a problem in sections greater than 1/8-inch. Additionally, the temperature for transition from ductile to brittle failure is lower for the thinner sec-tions. The thicker carbon steci end plates will reach the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature long before the shell does The end plates are structural members, while the shell is not structurally signi0 cant.
lock Style: Damage to the Posilok lock assembly used on tb m t specimen would s
a represent damage to any Model 660 Series lock assembly, iruuding the non Posilok style assemblies used on the Model 660 and the Model 660E.
The internal components of both lock assemblies are protected by the same lock assembly cover and practically the same selector ring. The cover and selector ring must be signincantly damaged before an impact can disrupt the internal components' securement of the source. Because of the strength of the cover and the selector ring, damage to the source securement is more likely to occur from the failure of the lock e.ssembly screws. All models use the same type and size screws in the same locations.
Actuator Wires and Connectors: The additional parts used for automatic actua-tiori provide no structural support.
Shield Capacity: The lower-capacity shields are either lighter than or the same weight as the shield used on the Model 6608, making the 6600 the worst case for shield failures ofinterest in these tests.
- thiy Width: The end plates and shells of the narrow-body versions of the Model 660 and the Model 660E vrould provide smaller impact surfaces than the standard-width plates and shell used in the test specimen.The smaller impact surfaces wcaid result in greater surface deformation and less deceleration on impact. As a result there would be less transfer ofimpact forces that could affect the integrity of the
. source securement, j
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Q, SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation '
December 17,1997 Burhngton, Massachusetts Page 10 of 37 Source Tube Material: The Model 660 Series projectors have been manufactured witt titanium source tubes exclusively since 1980. Because this represents our cur-rent m 'ufacturing methods and because the majority of Model 660 Series units currently e use have titanium source tubes, the test specimens will be manufac.
tured with titanUm source tubes. Based on an evaluation of the damage caused by the tests, we will assess the implications for previously fabricated packages which utilized zirealoy.
Note that although listed on the descriptive drawings, stainless steel source tubes have never been used in the fabrication of Model 660 Series units, nor do we intend
'to use them in future fabrication.
Supplemental lead: Prior to June 1992, supplemental lead was used in the pro-duction of Model 660 Series projectors with the depleted-uranium shield. Although the addition of supplemental lead is no longer a production technique, the test spec-imens will be fabricated with the supplemental lead to ensure the maximum device
- mass.
Package Weight: Because of more efficient casting and the elimination of supple-mental lead shielding, the average weight of Model 660 units produced in the last five years is three pounds less than the average weight for units produced in the ear-ly years of the series history. Two steps will be taken to build test specimens that will weigh at least 54 pounds:
Ileavier depleted-uranium shields will be fabricated.
Supplemental lead will be added to the shield.
The TP73 will be consistent with current manufacturing procedures and will represent the heavier units in the Model 660 population. Ninety-seven percent of all 660 units produced weigh 54 pounds or less.
End-plate screws: Stainless steel end-plate screws are being used on the TP73 to test the ability of these fasteners to prevent the failure of the end-plate screws seen in TP70 Specimen D.
End-plate screw torque values: The greater strength of the selected stainless steel end-plate screws allows tightening to a higher torque value than the carbon steel screws. The higher value is being tested with Specimens A and B to evaluate a new manufacturing standard. A low torque value is being tested with Specimens C and D to simulate an untorqued assembly.
5.0 Material and Equipment List The test worksheets in Section 7A list the key materials and equipment specified in 10 CFR 71 and the necessary measureme.it instruments.
When video recording is speciGed in the following tests, select video cameras with the highest shutter speed practical to record testing.
Additional materials and equipment may be used to facilitate the tests.
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' Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation
. December 17,1997 -
Burbngton, Massachusetts Page 11 of 37 6.0 Test Procedure -
"our units are tested in parallel with the same sequence but with two different package -
onentations that test the use of stainless steel end-plate screws, as described in Section 3.0. The tests have the following sequence:
- 1. Tet ' specimen preparation and inspection
- 2. 30-foot free drop (10 CFR 71.73(c)(1))
- 3. Puncture test (10 CFR 71.73(c)(3)) _
4.
Intermediate test inspection
- 5. Thermal test (10 CFR 71.73(c)(4))
6.
Final test inspection 6.1 Roles and Responsibilities The responsibilities of the groups identified in this plan are:
Engineering executes the tests according to the test plan and summarizes the test results. Engineering also provides technical input to assist Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance as needed.
Regulatory Affairs monitors the tests and reviews test reports for compliance with regulatory requirements.
Quality Assurance oversees test execution and test report generation to ensure compliance with 10 CFR 71, other reg"latory requirements and the Amersham Quality Assurance Program.
Engineering, Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance arejointly responsible for assessing test and specimen conditions relative to 10 CFR 71.
Quality Control, a function that reports directly to Quality Assurance, is responsi-ble for measuring and recording test and specimen data throughout the test cycle.
The managers directly responsible for Engineering. Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance will identify and document personnel who are qualified to represent their departments in carrying out this test plan.
SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Page 12 of 37 6.2 Test Specimen Preparation and inspection To prepare the test units:
1.
Select the units tested under Amersham Test Plan #73.
2.
Inspect the test units to ensure that they match the units described on the Test Plan #73 worksheets and attached damage assessments.
- 3. ConGrm that a radiation proGlc was performed and recorded in accordance with Amersham Work Instruction Wi-Q09 at the conclusion of Test Plan
- 70.
4.
Measure and record the weight of each test specimen.
5.
Prepare the packages for transport.
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l SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amerfsm Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington. Massachusetts Page 13 of 37 6.33 30-foot Free Drop Test (10 CFR 71.73(c)(1))
The first flypothetical Accident Conditions test is the 30-foot free drop as described in 10 CFR 71.73(c)(1). This drop compounds any damage caused in the three Normal Transport J
Conditions tests in Test Plan #73.
Use Checklist h 30-foot Free Drop on page 27 to ensure that the test sequence is followed. Date and initial all action items, and record required data on the worksheet.
Figure 6 illustrates the orientation for Specimens A and C. Figure 7 show s the orientation fo,-
Specimen B and D. The orientations are the same as those for the four-foot free drop in Test Plan #73 except the package is raised 30 feet above the drop surface.
This test requires that test specimens be at or below -40* C at the time of the drop. Follow the Worksheet instructions for measuring and recording the specimen temperature before and aller the drop.
6.3.1 30-foot Free Drop Setup To set up a package for the 30-foot drop test:
- 1. Use the drop surface specified in Drawing AT10122, Rev B.
2.
Measure and record the weight of test specimen.
- 3. Measure and record the specimen's internal and surface temperature, and ensure that the package is at or below -40' C.
4.
Place the specimen on the drop surface and position it according to the ap-propriate orientation.
Refer to Figure 6 for Specimens A and C.
Refer to Figure 7 for Specimens B and D.
S. Align the selected ceuter-of-gravity marker as shown in the referenced drawing.
6.
Raise the package.;o that the impact target is 30 to 32 feet above the drop surface.
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' SENTINEL '
Test Plan #74-Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Durtington Massachusetts Page 14 of 37
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6.3.2 '
Orientation for the 30-foot Free Drop: Specimens A & C Figure 6 shows the package orientation for Specimens A and C for the 30-foot free drop.
. This orientation targets the bottom edge of the rear end-plate with the objective ofloosening or shearing the end plate screws which hold the plate to the steel connecting rods. The bottom edge of the plate provides the greatest surface area for a direct hit, and thus the most rapid deceleration, nnd was proven to be the most damaging to the unit during previous testing in Test Plan #70.
Make sure the center of gravity is directly over the point ofimpact.
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' Drawing AT10122, Figure 6: Orientationfor the 30-foot Free Drop: Specimens A & C 4'
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' SENTINEL.
-Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Buriington, Massachusetts -
Page 15 of 37 6.3.3 Orientation for the 30-foot Free Drop: Specimens B & D Figure 7 shows the package orientation for Specimens B and D for the 30-foot free drop.
This orientation targets the top edge of the front end-plate. The drop is designed to cause deformation of the end plate, which in turn will create multiple loads paths on the end-plate screws.
Make sure the center of gravity is directly over the point ofimpact.
Centor-of Gravity _
Marker
- s%x.VM
- -- e
! \\ mpact Surface:
l I
[
top Edge of tho j
Front End-Plate 30 to 32 feet j
l l
[ Drop Surface Drawing AT10122, u
Rev.B s
f Figure 7: Orientationfor the 30-foot Free Drop: Specimens B & D I
SUJTiNEl.
Test Plan 874 Amersham Corporat >n December 17,1997 flurtington, Mast,achusetts Page 16 of 37 6.3.4 30-foot Free Drop Test Assessment Upon completion of the test, lingineering, llegulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance team members willjointly perfonn the following tasks:
lleview the test execution to ensure that the test was per fonned in accordance with e
10 CI'll 71, Units Si and S2 may need to be tested, possibly wPS torque adjust-rnents,10 ensure test compliance.
Ma\\c a preliminary evaluadon of the specimen relative to the requirements of 10 CI:lt 71, Assess the damage to the specimen to decide whether testing of that specimen is to continue.
livaluate the condition of the specimen to determine what changes ar e necessary in package orientation in the puncture test to achieve tuaximum damage.
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SENTINEL Test Plan # 74
{
Amersham Corporation Decernber 17,1997 Burington. Massachusetts Page 17 of 37 1
6.4 Puncture Test (10 CFR 71.73(c)(3))
l lhe 30 fbot free drop is followed by the puncture test per 10 CFR 71,73(c)(3),in which the package is dropped from a height of at least 40 inches onto the puncture billet specified in Drawing CT10l l9, Rev. C.
lhe billet is to be bolted to the drop surface used in the free drop tests (Figure 8).
j Use ChecAlist 2: Puncture Test on page 31 to ensure that test sequence is followed. Date and r
initial all action items, and record required data.
6.4.1 Puncture Test Setup 1here are two difTerent package orientations for the puncture test. Each orientation assures that the package lands on the component or assembly ofinterest.
NOTli:
Because each test is designed to asil to chunage infilcted on a specific component or l
unembly in thepreceding test, it is impammt that each specimen maintain it? Identity thrcughout the ballery of tests tmd that the setup instruellons specific to the specimen '
arestrictlyf<dlou d f
This test requires that 'he test specimens be at or below -40 C at the time of the test, lhe worksheet calls for measuring and recording the specimen temperature before and after the test.
This test uses the 12 inch high puncture billet (Drawing CT10119, Rev. C). The billet meets the minimum height (8 inches) required in 10 CFR 71.73(c)(3). The specimen has no pojections or overhanging members longer than 8 inches which could act as impact absorbers, thus allowing the billet to cause the maximum damage to the specimen.
To set up a package ihr the puncture test:
- 1. Measure and record the weight of the package.
- 2. Measure and record the specimen's internal and surface temperature, and ensure that the packaFe is at or below 40' C.
3, Pesition the unit according to the appropriate orientation:
For Specimens A and C, refer to Figure 8 on Page 16.
For Specimens 11 and D, refer te Figure 9 on Page 19; 4.
Check the alignment of the specified center-of gravity marker with the tar-geted point ofimpact.
7
- 5. - Raise the package so that there is 40 to 42 inc..es between the package and the top of the puncture bill:t.
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SLNONEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporatim Docomber 17.1997 Burhngton, Massachur,etts Page 18 of 37 6.4.2 Orientation for the Puncture Test: Specimens A & C i
The orientation for Specimens A and C (Figure ! ; targets the bottom edge of the rear end plate to diston the end plate and possibly loosen or shear the end-plate screws.
i I
1he bottorr. c<ge provides the largest unobstructed flat surface on the plate The impact will I
crush the bottom of the end plate into the polyus ethane foam, the softest material in the package, and cause the maximum distortion of the plate. Attacking the top edge was rejected because the flat surface area is less than half that of the bottom edge and the carrying handle u ould deflect much of the energy, i
y l
M%
Conter-of-Gravity yN y (N sp Marker l
')
4 impact Surface:
I' Bottom Edge of j
Roar End-Plate 40 to 42 inches I
9 Puncture Billet Drawing CT10115 1
Rev.C I
3 Drop Surface A *W,,,,J Drawing AT10122 '
(,e s
Rev.B Figure S: Orientation)hr the hmeture Test: Specimens A & C -
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I SENTINEL -
Test Plan #74 i
Amorsham Corporation December 17,1997 i
Burhngton, Massachusetts Page 19 of 37 l
j i
6.4.3 Orientation for the Puncture Test: Specimens B & D
[
I'or Specimen 11 and D, the puncture test impact point is the lower leR corner of the rear end-
[
plate (l'igure 9). His orientation continues the attack on the bottom leR screw on the rear end plate that was inflicted with the penetration test and the two free drops. He in: pact will also j
have the effect ofincreasing any gap between the end plate and the shell caused by the previous j
- ests.
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Conter of Gravity 7x fn.
4* k,h 5
Marker e
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Impact Surfact..
Top edge of the 40 to 42 inchos l
Front End Plate i.
Puncturo Billet i
Drawing CT10119 Rev.C
/ Drawing AT10122 Drop Surface 4
4
~ 5.,
- I Rev.B 7>
% C..;.7 Figure 9: Orientationfor the Pometure TestiSpecimens it & D l
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i SEfJTINEL Test Plan a74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Page 20 of 37 6.4.4 Puncture Test Assessment Upon completion of the test, Engineering, Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance team members will jointly perfonn the following tasks:
Review the test execution to ensure that the test was perfonned in accordance with J
10 ( I:lt 71.73.
1 Mat e a preliminary evaluation of the specimen relative to the requirements of 10 CI lt 71.73.
Assess the damage to the specimen to decide u hether testing of that specimen is to continue.
livaluate the condition of the specimen to detennine whether the thennal test should be performed w ith the specimen.
1: valuate the condition of the specirnen to detennine the package orientation for the thennal test to achieve maximum damage.
As part of the evaluation, measure the weight of the specimen.
6.5 Intermediate Test inspection l'erfonn an intermediate test inspection after the puncture test.
1.
Measure and record any damage to the test specimen.
2.
ll a source can be installed without affecting the integrity of the test spec-imen, pro 0lc the package using an active source in accordance with Am-ersham Work Instruction Wi-Q09, 3.
Assess the signincance of any change in radiation at the surface or at one meter from the package.
i
SENilNEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation Doectnbor 17,1997 Durlington, Massachusetts Page 21 of 37 6.6 Thermal Test (10 CFR 71.73(c)(4))
The final requirement is the thermal test specified in 10 CI:lt 71.73(c)(4).
To ensure suflicient heat input to the test specimens, each specimen will be pre-heated to a temperature of at least 800' C and held to at least that temperature for 30 minutes. This *est condition provides heat input in excess of the requirements specified in 10 C1:1171.73(c)(4).
which does not include a pre heat condition. The pre-heat condition asares equivalent heat input regardless of emissivity and absorptivity coefficients.
'lhe test environmem is a vented electric oven operating greater than 800 C. There will be sullicient air flow to allow combustion. Air will be forced into the oven at a minimum rate cf 9.6 cubic feet per minute to ensure sufficient oxygen to fully combust all package materials that are capable of burning. This rate is based on the following analysis:
- 1. The only combustible material in the TP73 is the polyurethane foam 2.
The chemical composition of polyurethane is (C;31133NOi3]n.
3.
The products of combustion are carbon dioxide (CO ) and water (110) 2 2
and the molecular weights of the component materials ate:
C = 12 II a l O = 16 N = 14 4.
The maximum mass of the polyurethane in a TP73 is 988 grams. The max.
imum amounts of carbon and hydrogen present in the polyurethane are computed as follows:
Polyurethane C26 3333 N
0:3 Molecular Waight (26xl2)
(33x1)+
(1xl4)+
(13x16) 4 367-312 +
33 +
14 +
208 percent by Mass 55.0 %
5.8%
- 2. ':.,
36.7 %
988 g =
543g+
57g +
25g +
363g
- 5. The amount of oxygen required to fully combust the carbon to carbon di-oxide is computed as follow s:
Carbon Dioxide C
0 2 Molecular (lx12)
(2x16)
Weight
+
44 =
12 +
32 I or a given mass of carbon,32/12 = 2.67 times that mass of oxygen is required to f ully combust the carbon to carbon dioxide, l'or a TP73 containing 543 grams of carbon, full combustion would require 1450 grams of oxygen.
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.... -. - - -. ~
SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December t7,1997 Burhngton, Massachusetts Page 22 of 37
Water 112 O
Mo ecular (2x 1) +
16 Weight 18 =
2+
16 l'or a given mass of hydrogen,16/2 = 8 times that mass of oxygen is required to fully convert the hydrogen to water. I'or a Tp73 tith 57 grams of hydrogen, full coinbustion would require 456 grams of oxygen.
- 7. The sum of these oxygen tequirements (1450g + 456 g) less the oxygen supplied by the polyurethane ( 363 g) equals 1543 grams of oxygen to as-sure sufficient oxygen to burn the polyurethane foam. At standard cendi-3 tions, the composition of air is 23.2% oxygen by mass. Therefore,6650 grams of air are required.
8.
The volume of air is computed at a density of 1.225 grams / liter to be 192
+
cubic fect:
3 3
6650g/l.225g/l = 54301-5.43m -192 f1 9.
A 50% safety factor is added and the volume is distributed over the 30-minute test period to detennine a minimum air Dow rate of 9.6 cubic feet per minute:
3 3
(19211 )(1.5) / 30 min. = 9.6 f1/ min.
The air will be introduced as compressed air passing through a flowmeter and into the oven via metal tubing. A sufticient length of tubing will be inside the oven to ensure sufficient pre-heating.
The temperature of the package's exterior surface closest to the air entry point will be monitored throughout the test to ensure that the package remains above 800 C.
If the specimen is burning when it is removed, the unit is allowed to extinguish by itself and then cool naturally, The final evaluation of the package is perfonned when the specimen reaches ambient temperature.
- 1. Avallone, Eugene A., and 1hemiore llaumeister 111, Editors Afarks' Standard //anhookfor Afechanical Engineers, Ninth Edition (New York: McGraw liill llook Company,1987), page 4-27 i
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L SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amoham Corporation December 17,1997 l
Burlington, Massachusetts Page 23 of 37 j
t 6.6.1 Thermal Test To perfonn the thermal test:
i
- 1. 11 ring the oven temperature above 800* C.
i I
- 2. Attach thennocouples to the package's internal and external measurement locations, and inside the oven.
s
- 3. Place the package in the oven and close the door, 4.
V' hen the internal teinperature of the package goes above 800' C, start air f
flow and start h 30 minute timer.
- 5. Measure and record the oven temperature, test specimen internal and ex-ternal temperatures, and the air flow rate. Record whether there is any combustion.
6.
Monitor the specimeo's internal and external temperatures, and the oven temperature throughout the 30-minute test period to ensuic that all temper-atures remain above 800* C.
- 7. Monitor the airflow rate throughout the test period to ensure that it remains 3
above 9.6 ft / minute.
- 8. At the end of the 30 minutes, repeat Step 5.
9 pomove the test specimen from the oven.
I
- 10. Allow the package to self extinguish ar.d cool.
6.6.2 ThermalTest Assessment Upon completion of the test, Engineering, Regulatory Affairs and Quality Asserance team members willjointly perform the following task:
Review the test execution to ensure that the test was perfonned in accordance with 10 CFR 71, L
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O SLNTINEL Test Plan W74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusotts Page 24 of 37 6.7 Final Test inspection Perform the following inspections aller completion of the thermal test:
1.
Measure and record any damage to the test specimen.
2.
Profile the package using an active source in accordance with Arnersham Work Instruction Wi-Q09.
3.
Assess the sigriilicance of any change in radiation at one meter from the package.
i l
4.
Determine w hether it is necessary to dismantle the test specimen for in-spection of hidden component damage or failure.
5.
If you decide to proceed with the inspection, record and photograph the process of rerHovirig any Componerit.
6.
Measure and record any darnage or failure found in the process of distnantling the test specimen.
6.8 Final Assessment lingineering,llegulatory Alfairs.:.nd Quality Assurance tearn members will make a final assessment of the tesi specimen, and jointly detennine whether the specimen meets the requirements of 10 CI:lt 71.73.
s
SLf4Tif4EL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporahon Decemtier 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Page 25 of 37 7.0 Worksheets Use the fol'owing worksheets for executing these tests. There are two worLsheets for each test:
an equiprnent list and a lett procedure checklist.
Use the test equipment list to record the serial number ofcach measurement device used. Attach a copy of the relevant inspe: tion report or calibration certificate after you have verified the range and accuracy of the equipment.
Quality Control will initial cach step on the checklist as it is executed and record data as required. The I!ngineering, llegulatory AITairs and Quality Assurance representatives must witness all testing to ensure the testing is performed in accordance with this test plan and 10 CI'll 71.
Male copies of the forms for additional attempts. Maimain records of all attempts.
-.... -..... _.. -. _ -...... ~.
SENTINEL Tott Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Durlington, Massachusetts Page 20 of 37 Equipment 1,lst 1: 30 l'oot Free Droli i
Enter the Model and Attach inspection Report or Description Serial Number Calibration Letti0cate Drop Surf ace, Drawing ATl0122, Rev.11 Weight Scale
[
1hermometer Thernmcouple Dexlble probe lhermocouple surface probe Record any additional tools used to facilitate the test and attach the appropriate inspection report or calibration certincate.
K Verined by; Sigr.ature Date I:ngineering Regulatory Affairs Quality Assurance i
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SENTINCL Test Plan #74 Amort. ham Corporation December 17,1997 fluthngton. Massachusetts Page 27 of 37 Checklist 1: 30-foot Free Drop l
Test location:
Attempt Numtwr:
i Step Specimen Specimen Specimen Specimen I A-Il C
D
- 1. Measure and accord test specimen's weight.
Record the specimen's weight:
Note the instrument used:
- 2. Immerse the test specimen in dry ice as needed to bring specimen temperature below.40" C.
Stern I through 2 witnessed by:
Enginecting Regulatory Affairs Quality Assurance
- 3. Measure the anhient temperature.
Record ambient temperature:
f Note the instrument used:
- 4. Attach the test specimen to the release mechanism.
- 5. llegin video recording of test so that the impact is recorded.
6, Measure the temperature of the specimen.
Ensure that the specimen is below.40' C.
Record the specimen's intemal temperature:
Note the instmment used:
Rccord the specimen's surface temperature.
Note the instrument used:
- 7. Lift and orient the test specimen as shown in the Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 6 Figure 7 referenced figure for the specimen.
on Page 14 on Page 15 on Page 14 on Page 15
- 8. Inspect the orientation setup and verify the drop height.
- 9. Photograph the setup in at least two perpendicular planes.
F
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t SENiltJCL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetts Page 28 of 37 Checklist 1: 30 fool Free Drop (Continued)
Tc:.; fecationt Attempt Numbcr Step Specimen Specimen Specimen Sper.imen A
11 C
D Stepa 3 through 9 witnessed by:
Engineering
.. ~.
Regulatory Affairs Quality Assurance 10 itelease the test specimen.
II. Measure the surface temperature of the test specimen.
Itecord the surface temperature:
Note the instrument used:
- 12. Measure and record the test specimen's weight, Record the specimen's weight:
Note the instrument used:
- 13. Pause the video recorder, Ensure that the point ofimpact and orientation specified in the plan have been achieved and recorded.
- 14. Record damage to test specimen on a separate sheet and attach, Steps 10 through 14 witnessed by:
Engineering Regulatory Affairs Quality Assurance 2
1
_ ~. _
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o SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amorsham Corporation Docomber 17,1997 Durtington, Massachusetts page 20 of 37 Checklist 1: 30 foot Free Drop (Continucd) 3 Test location:
Attempt Number:
Step Specimen Specimen Specimen Specimen A
B C
D
- 15. lingineering, Regulatocy AfTairs and Quality Assurance make a prelitainary assessinent relative to 10 CI'R 71. Record the assessment on a separate sheet and attach.
Determine what changes are n.,essery in package orientation for tiic inuncturo iest to l
achieve maximum damage.
l Test Data Accepted by(signature):
Date:
I:ngineering Regulatory AITairs Quality Assurance
r SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 i
Durlington, Massachuwtts Page 30 of 37 Equipment List 2: Puncture Test Enter the Model and Attach inspection Report or 4
Description Serial Number Calibration Certincate l
Drop Surface, Drawing AT10122. Rev,11 l' uncture 13illet, Drawing CT10119, Rev. C Weight Scale lhermometer 1heimocouplc Dexible prole lhennocouple surface prote Record any additional tools used to facilitate the test and attach the appropriate inspection report or calibration certificate.
Verined by:
Signature Date Engineering Regulatory Affairs Quality Assurance
.. -.. -.. ~
o SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Durhngton, Massachusotts Page 31 of 37 Checklist 2: l' uncture Test Test locationt Attempt Number:
Step Specimen Specimen Specimen I Specimen A
11 C
D
- 1. Immerse the test specimen in dry ice as need to bring the specimen's temperature below -40" C.
Step I witnessed by:
Engineering 1(egulatory AITairs Quality Assurance
- 2. Measure the weight of the specimen.
Itecord the specimen's w eight:
Note instrument used:
.:. Measure the ambient temperature.
Itecord ambient temperature:
Note the instrument used:
- 4. Attach the test specimen to the release mechanism.
- 5. !!egin video recording of test so that the impact is recorded.
- 6. Measure the surface temperature of the specimen. Ensure that the specimen le below
-40' C.
Record the specimen surface temperature:
Note the instrument used:
- 7. Uti and orient the test specimen as show n in the Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 8 Figure 9 referenced figure for the specimen.
on Page 18 on Page 19 on Page 18 on Page 19 N. In3pect the orientation setup and verify drop height.
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_ _ _. _. _ _ ~. _ _ _ _ _ _.
4 e
SENTifEL Test Plan #74 Amers, ham Corporation December 17,1997 Duriington Massav usetts Page 32 of 37 Checklist 2t Puncture Test (Continued)
Test location:
Attempt Numbers Step Spesimen Specimen Specimen Specimen i
A 11 C
D
- 9. Photograph the setup in at least tuo perpendicular planes.
Steps 2 through 9 witnessed by:
Eng.ineermg 6
- - -. - =.
Regulatory Affairs l
Quality Assurance
- 10. Release the test specimen.
- 11. Measure the surface temperature of the test specimen.
ecord the surface temperature:
Note the instrument used.
- 12. Measure and record the test specimen's weight.
Record the specimen's weight:
Note the instrument used:
- 13. Pause the video recorder. Ensure that the point of impact and orientation specified in the plan have been achieved and recorded.
- 14. Record damage to test specimen on a separate sheet anJ attach.
Steps 10 through 14 witnessed by:
Engineering Regulatory Affairs
. Quality Assurance i
i O
e SEfJTif4EL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burhngton, Massachusetts Page 33 of 37 i
Checklist 2: Puncture Test (Continued)
Test location:
Attempt Number:
Step Specimen Specimen Specimen Specimen A
B C
D t
- 15. I:ngineering, Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance make a preliminary assessment relative to 10 CI R 71. Record the assessment on a separate sheet and attach.
Determine the package orientation for the thermal test that will achieve maximum damage.
Test Data Accepted by(Signature).
l!> ate:
Engineering Regulatory Affairs Quality Assurance 1
)
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SENTINCL Test Plan #74 Amr+rsham Corporation December 17,1997
^
Burlington, Massachusetts Page 34 of 37 Equipment 1.lst 3: Thermal Test 1
l'.nter the Model and Attach inspection Report or Description Serial Number Calibration Certificate Air Flowmeter
=
1hermocouple(internal) f Thermocouple (ettemal)
.j 1hermocouple (oven)
Temperature recorder Record any additional tools used to facilitate the test and attach the appropriate inspectior report or calibratiI certificate.
1 Verilled by:
Signature Date I:ngineering Regu.'atory Affairs Quality Assurance t
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SENTINEL Test Plan #74 i
Arners, ham Corporation December 17.1997 Burhngton, Massachusetts Page 35 of 37 i
Checklist 3: Thermal Test Test location:
Attempt Numbert Specimen Specimen Specimen Specimen 3E A
Il C
D
- 1. Pre-heat the oven to a temperature above 800* C.
- 2. Attach the thermocouples the specimen's intemal and external measuring points.
- 3. Place the package in the oven and close the oven door.
Record the date and time that the package is placed in oven.
- 4. When the specimen's internal temperature exceeds 800' C, start the alt fl w into the oven.
o Record the time.
Stet s I through 4 witnessed by:
Engineering Regulatory AfTairs Quality Assurance
- 5. Measure the oven temperature, the specimen's internal and external temperatures and the air flow rate.
Record the oven temperature:
Note instrument used:
Record the specimen's intemal temperature:
Note instrument used:
Record the specimen's external temperature:
Note instrument used:
- +. - ~. -
_.. ~ - -. -
Record airflow rate:
Note instrument used:
- 6. Monitor the intemal and extemal temperatures of the specimen and the oven temperature throughout the 30-minute period to ensure that they are above 800' C.
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dENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burlington, Massachusetis Page 30 of 37 Checklist 3: Thermal Test (Continued)
Ttst locationt Attempt Numbert Specimen Specimen Specimen Specimen 3,,p A
11 C
D
- 7. Monitor the airflow throughout the 30-ininute l
period to ensure a rate of at least 9.6 fi / min.
1 At the end of the 30 minute penod, repeat step 5 using the same n;easurement devices.
kecord the oven temperature:
Record the specimen's internal temperature:
Record the specimen's external temperature:
Record intake air flow velocity:
bteps 5 tt. ough 8 witnessed by:
Engineering ilegulatory AITairs Quality Assurance
? Remove test specimen from the oven.
Record time the: cimen is emoved.
Describe combustion when door is opened to remose specimen.
NOTE: If specimen continues to burn, let it self-ext;nguish and cool naturally.
- 10. Measuir the ambient temperature.
Record the ambient temperature:
Note the instrument used;
- 11. Photograph the test specimen and any subsequent damage
- 12. Record damage to test specimen on a separate -
sheet and attach.
Steps 9 through 12 witnessed by:
'~
Engineering Regulatory Affairs l~
Quality Atsurance u.
.. _ -. _ - ~ - -
. - ~ - -... _
O SENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporatkin December 17,1997 i
Burlington, Massachusetts Page 37 of 37 Checklist 3: Thermal Test (Continued)
Test location:
Attempt Number:
i l
bM* I* *"
b *I**"
'S* I * *"
b ##I*'"
I P
Step A
11 C
D
- 13. Engineering, Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance make a preliminary assessment relative to 10 CFR 71. Record the assessment on a separate sheet and attach.
Test Data Accented by (Signature):
l Date:
Engineering Regulatory AfTairs Quality Assurance i
l
........, _ -,=._-, _- _ _ _ _.
O GENilNEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burhngton. Massachusetts Appendix A Appendix A: Drawings Test Specimen TP73,Itev. A Model 660 Gamma llay Projector Shipping Container Descriptive Assembly C66025, llev. F (3 sheets)
Model 660 Gamma llay Projector Shipping Container Descriptive Assembly C66025,lley. II(4 sheets)
Model 660 Gamma llay Projector Shipping Container Descriptive Assembly C66030, Rev. D (3 sheets)
Model 660 Gamma Ray Projector Shipping Container Descriptive Assembly C66030,lley. A (3 sheets)
Model 660 Gamma llay Projector Shipping Container Descriptive Assembly C66030, Rev. -(4 sheets)
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L' l SFNTINFl. Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Durhngton, Massachusetts Appendix B 4 Appendix B: Selected Fasteners The stainless steel screw selected for the end-plate fasteners is $1959-81 as specified in Military Standard 51959, a copy of which is included in this appendix. The item is highlighted on page 2 of the specification. He toughness versus temperature curve belo'v shows the consistent toughness of stainless steel over a wide range of temperatures. He curve is excerpted from Deutschman, Aaron D, Walter J. Michels, and Charles E. Wilson, Machine Design: Theory and Practice (New Yotk: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. 1975), page 136. Low temperature ef fects As the temperature is lowered, there is an increase in yield strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and hardness and a decrease in ductility for metals such as aluminum and aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, austenitic stects, lead, and copper. Carbon and low alloy steels tend to become embrittled at much higher temperatures thhn the af 4 ementioned metals. Embrittlement is measured by loss of toughness over a small temperature range (for example, see Section 3.21) when tested by the Charpy or Izod machines, The transition temperature is taken to be that for which the impact energy is reduced by 50% of its ductile value. Figure 3-43 shows some average value curves of toughness (energy in foot pounds) versus temperature for a variety To 120 f t ib too - ObId s% m, v "'S' # " g a to.
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T e' .ciENTINEL Test Plan #74 Amersham Corporation December 17,1997 Burbngton, Maisachusetts Appendix C Appendix C: Referenced Materials The following is an excefpt frorn Avallone, E'agene A., and Theodore Baumeister 111, Editors, Mark.r
- Sfandard Handbookfor Mechanic Engineers, Ninth Edition (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Cofnpany,1987), page 4-27.
4,g3 Appresimate inversdorWurve Leczee for Air For the elemcats C and }{, the equations of complcte com-bustion are 0 25 39 il 10) lli 150 113 200 223 C + 0, - CO, H, + m, = ll,0
- 8' g g n 3)* 184 Ili 120 124 128 182 137 143 let 121b + 32 Ib = 44 tb 21b + 161b = l81b Tea E ss) 64: 4 29 elf o06 $H 582 564 351 541 For a combustible compound, as Cil the equation may be h 350 275 300 All 350 375 400 425 43 written CH + 1 O, = y CO, + s H,0 01 m of mmmm 87 g 94 509 4H 470 441 417 186 345 300 Taking. as a basis, I molecule of CH. and making a balance of the atoms on the two sides of the equation,it is seen that
,,.,,,,,,,,s i en u.n i.=w y=l
- =1 2s = 2y + s or s=2 usa Due to yhtero.ng A throttleng process in a cycle of
,p,,,i,ons al=sys introduces a lou of etliciency, if T. is the CH. + 20, = CO, + 2H,0 igenpcrature corresponding to the back pressurc, the lo s of 16 lb 4 64 lb = 44 lb + 36 lb available energy is the product of T, and the increase of cairopy during sh< throttling process The following enample The coefricientsin ihe combusiion equation give the combin. ,ltustratcs the calculation in the case of ammonis passing ing volumes of the gaseous components nus,in thc last cqua-through the 88Pansion val.c of a refrigerating machinc, tion I ft' of CH. requires for combustion 2 ft'of oxygen and the resulting gaseous products of combustion are I ft'of CO, g..m a. ne i+q ad ** moms at a temperature of 70',F panes and 2 f t' of 11,0. The coefhcients mulieplied by the correspond. ,v,,aish 'u.al. ice the bnas coilin which tk temperature is 20 des ..a sig p,uwee n 44 24 =.a The in 641 cathatry of the fquid amer. inE molcc~lar weights give the combining =cishis. These are t conveniently scIctred i I 8b of the fuel in the combustion of .;e in a,, = 4 20 t and thesefo*e she Anal esikalpy is Ap + s, A/e t " 641 + HI I d,
- 120 l "h*ac8 8, = 0.101.The init.at catropy in,f, CH., for c ample, I ib of UI. requercs 64/16 = 4 lb of onygen
. o 214. The Anal satropy u e, + (s,A,i/ Ts) = 0.144 + 0.101 x for compicic combusnon and the products are 44/16 = 2.75 r j e s u = c 260 r. 20 + 460 - 4to, knca abe loss of rifriseradas ab of CO, and 36/16 = 2 25 lb of H,0-eno iseso x to 160 - o lis) = 23 mu-Air Required for combuscoa The composition of air is approximately 0 232 0, and 0 768 N, on a pound basis, or 0.21 O, and 0.79 N, by volume. For enact analyses, it may be ac. COM8U$flON cssary sometimes to take account of the watcf vapor mixed Itsase.eicts Chiper. "Enessy, Combustiam and Eavironment.= with the air, but ordinarily this may be negiccted. bleGra.H.it, l944. Campku,*Themodynande Amstysis of Coenbu. He minimum amount of air requ;ted for the combustion of i baiacs.* wiky, it 79. Glaan,s.a. -Combustion " Acadesec pecss, t !b of a fuct is the quantity of oxygsn required, as found from No Yan, i177. L4febvre,"Cas Turtdas Combention," McGeseHill, the combustion 6quation, divided by 0 232. Likewise, the min. Nw Yort.1981, 5<<<hio=, "Cambustion f undannestals," McGraw-imum volume of air required for the combustion of I ft' of a Hat, New Yon.1984 Wat.sens et at., readamcassl As, ' cts of Salaf fuel gas is the volume of osygen divided by 0.21, For es smpic, Propensas Rocket " AgedorrepA. tie, Oct 1969. Basic theramdy-in the combustion of CH. the air acquired pelb and the volume of a. r p asaue tah4 trpe informaien aceded in this area is found la clashko es al. *Tksmodymanac and thermophyncal Propertics of Combustbe 4/0.232 = 17.24 ir per cubic foot of
- Prmtects, Mc.c.=. and IPST traastataan; Gordon, NASA Technical Cil ts 2/0.24 = 9.52 ft', Ordinarily, more air is provided than heu 1806, Ita 2, *J ANAF Thermachensical Tabics," NSRDS NSS-is rc4uired for complete comoustion. Let a denote the mini.
37, lH n. mu,n amount required and se the quantity of air admitted, Fuda for special properties of nrious fuels, see Sec. 7. In then 1 - 1 is the esma coefficient scncril, fuels may be classed under threc ( ads:(1) gaseous Products of Combus5on The products arising from the fuels.(2) liquid facts, and (3) solid fuels. complete combustion of a fuct are CO,, II,0, and, if sulphur The combustibic cicments that char.cterize fuels are car. is Went.SO, AccompanyHg thcse are the nitrogen brought bon, hydrogca, and,in some cases, sulphur.The complete com-in with Ihe air 1,id the oxygen in Ihe cacess of air. Hence the bustion of carbon gives. as a product,carhon dioxide, cog the pruducts of complete combustion arc principally CO,,18,0, combustion of hyd-, ten gives water, H,0. N,, and O, The preencs f CD indicaus tacompteu combados. In Comimetton of caseous. ws uquid Fuels 8*"
- Y form nozious oxides, often termed NO., such as n.itric oxide combuauon touacons The approximate molecular weights (NO), nitrogen peroxide (NO,). etc.,is negIccted. In practice, of the important clemenu and compounds entering into com-ar, automobile engine is run at a lower compression ratio to bestion calcul.tions are ecduw NO, formation. The reduced pollution is be :gt; :t :!.:
Meierist C-H, 0, N, CO CO, H,0 CH. C H. C H.O S NO -NO, SO, Meleostar = sight 12 2 32 28 28 44 13 16 21 46 ',2 30 de 64}}