ML20151X126
| ML20151X126 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | San Onofre  |
| Issue date: | 10/31/1976 |
| From: | Mitchell A, Septoff M, Teuscher L NUS CORP., SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP. (FORMERLY |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUS-2002, NUDOCS 8805040061 | |
| Download: ML20151X126 (171) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:_ - - O- . O NUS-2002 THE DESIGN OF AN ONSHORE TRACER PROGRAM O AT THE SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION O' O Prepared For THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON COMPANY O October 1976 By O M. Septoff A. E. Mitchell, Jr. L. H. Teuscher* O Environmental Safeguards Division NUS Corporation 4 Research Place Reckville, Maryland 20850
.h .,
Approved: - Approved:/ h "2 ' ' L "'
/ John H. Taylor, Manager p Joseph J. DiNunno (
O Meteorological Programs , vice President & General Manager ; Environmental Safeguards Division l
- Science Applications, Inc.
O 88o5040061 761031 " l PDR ADOCK O P a ;
. T 1
Southern California Ea'Ison Company $5 g R. o. sox soo 2244 W ALNUT GROVE AvtNUE ROSEME AO. C ALIFORNI A 91770
.........i.'.'..,'."'.".......... October 6, 1976 E 's'75 0 0
Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation ATTN: O. D. Parr, Chief Light Water Reactors Branch 3 . Division of Project Management O U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D. C. 20555 Gentlemen:
Subject:
Docket Nos. 50-206, 50-361 and 50-362 C) Onshore Tracer Test Program San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Units 1, 2 and 3 On September 8, 1976, representatives of Southern C) California Edison Company, San Diego Gas & Electric Company and our consultants met with representatives of the Regulatory Staff to present a detailed program description of onshore tracer tests to be performed at San Onofre. That program description was documented in a draft report by NUS Corporation, copies of which were provided to the Regulatory Staff. O This letter forwards forty (40) copies of the final l report entitled "The Design of an Onshore Tracer Test Program at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station" dated October, l 1976. This report has been revised to address the comments of the Regulatory Staff at the September 8, 1976 meeting. 7) l We are presently proceeding with the procurement of necessary equipment and the erection of temporary towers and expect to begin data collection by about December 1, 1976. We , expect to have results from the tracer tests available for () Regulatory Staff review by about April,1977. It is our under-standing, based on our meetings with the Regulatory Staff on July 26 and September 8, 1976, that onshore tracer tests will be an acceptable manner to resolve Regulatory Staff concerns relative to San Onofre meteorology provided that a correlation is established between the results of the tracer tests and the c) meteorological data measured at the bluff tower. It is also our understanding, from the Commission's letter dated August 30, 1976 in Docket Nos. 50-361 and 50-362, that the application for O
1 O USt?RC October 6, 1976 0 operating licenses for San Onofre Units 2 and 3 will not be rejected during acceptance review by the Regulatory Staff on the basis of inadequate meteorological data, based on the performance of the onshore tracer tests. O If you have any questions concerning this matter, please let me know. Sincerely, Y/ /hNsAn' O Enclosures cc: Mr. Albert Schwencer, Chief Operating Reactors Branch #1 Division of Operating Reactors O USliRC Jack B. Moore O , O O i I I O l O
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION 3 2.1 Topography 3 2.2 Meteorology 3 3.0 METEOROIOGY REIATED 10 THE TRACER PROGRAM 10 3.1 Meteorological Design 10 3.2 Annual Representativeness of Tracer Tests Conducted During the Winter Season 12 3.3 Offshore Thermal Discharges 23 4.0 TEST DESIGN: METEOROLOGY 26 4.1 Data Acquisition 26 . 4.2 Field Operation Procedures 34 4.3 Meteorological Data Reduction and Processing 34 5.0 TEST DESIGN: TRACER RELEASE AND COLLECTION 42 ! 5.1 Tracer Relea se 42 5.2 Sampling 46 5.3 Sample Analysis 48 ) 6.0 DATA ANALYSES 50 6.1 Ineoducuon 50 6.2 Technical Discus sion 50 h 7.0 53 QUALITY ASSURANCE
8.0 REFERENCES
54
) ) i
i TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) APPENDICES A LOCATING THE TEMPORARY INLAND 40 M METEORO-LOGICAL TOWER WITHIN THE LAND-SURFACE INTER-NAL BOUNDARY LAYER DURING ONSHORE FLOW AT THE SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION B FIELD OPERATION WORK INSTRUCTIONS C DETAILED TOB PROCEDURES FOR THE SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION (SONGS) ATMOSPHER-IC DISPERSION FIELD TESTS D DATA HANDLING AND REDUCTION PROCEDURES t
\
11 \ l
LIST OF TABLES Table No. Table Title Pace No. 2.2-1 WINTER AND ANNUAL PERCENT FRE-QUENCIES OF PASQUILL STABILITY CI. ASS DISTRIBUTIONS AT SONGS DURING ONSHORE FLOW 9 ) 3.1-1 DILUTION POTENTIAL CLASSES 11 3.1-2 PERCENT FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE IN WINTER OF WIND DIRECTION VS. j DILUTION POTENTIAL CIASS AT SONGS 13 3.2-1 FREQUENCY (%) OF OCCURRENCE OF DILUTION CIASSES AT SONGS FOR ONSHORE FLOW 15 ) 3.2-2 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA OFFSHORE AIR AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES 20 3.2-3 OFFSHORE AND UFWIND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES FOR SAN ONOFRE 21 4.1-1 METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE ONSHORE TRACER PROGRAM AT SONGS 31 ) )
)
) in l i
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. ) Figure Title Page No. 2.1-1 TOPOGRAPHIC, FEATURES OF THE LOCAL SITE AREA WITHIN 5 MILES OF SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION UNIT NO.1 ) 4 2,1-2 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF SONGS WITHIN 1KM 5 2.1-3 SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING ) STATION TOPOGRAPHIC MAP 6 2.2-1 ANNUAL WIND ROSE FOR SONGS BASED ON THE 10 METER LEVEL BLUFF TOWER (1/25/75 - 1/24/76) 7 D 3.2-1 MAP OF CALIFORNIA AND ADJACENT COASTAL WATERS 18 4.1-1 SONGS METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTA-D TION LOCATIONS 27 4.3-1 DIAGRAM OF REDUCING AND PROCESSING F10W FOR METEOROLOGICAL DATA 36 3 4.3-2 SAMPLE LISTING OF 1 MIN AVERAGES 37 4.3-3 SAMPLE 15-MIN AND 1-H AVERAGES 38 4.3-4 SAMPLE WIND ROSES 39 4.3-5 SAMPLE
SUMMARY
OF WIND DIRECTION FLUCTUATION 40 5.1-1 SCHEMATIC OF TRACER RELEASE SYSTEM 45 D l D D l
)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
) This report presents the design of a program of tracer experiments to be conducted at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS). The purpose of the program is to make realistic estimates of atmospheric dis- ) persion for onshore wind flow in the vicinity of the site. The objectives of the program are 1) to measure and characterize atmospheric disper-sion to permit realistic calculations of short term accident dispersion factors , 2) to demonstrate the appropriateness of using bluff tower me- ) teorology to estimate dispersion, and 3) to characterize dispersion un-der less restrictive atmospheric conditions representative of routine re-lease meteorology. Since it is a safety related study, the program will ) be governed by a quality assurance program consistent with the applica-ble requirements of 10CFR50, Appendix B. The atmospheric dispersion program will be conducted to determine disper- )
- sion factors appropriate for calculations of centerline concentrations based on meteorological observations at the site. Tests will be made under on-shore-flow conditions under several meteorological subconditions of at-mospheric stability and wind speed. Dispersion factors obtained from the l
tests will be compared with estimates based on the meteorological condi-l tions observed during the tests. Whenever possible the design and con-duct of the program will use procedures similar to those used in the beach } tracer study (Septoff and Teuscher,1976). The increase in heat diffused into the offshore waters from Units 2 and 3, becoming operational after ! this program, is expected to have a minimal, slightly conservative, effect ) on the results, if any. I Tracer releases, sampling, and sample analysis will be performed by Sci-ence Applications, Inc. (SAI), under subcontract to NUS Corporation.
) ) 1
j. Dames and Moore, under contract to Southem California Edison Company, will install the supplemental meteorological systems and will maintain and )- calibrate all meteorological systems for the tracer tests. ) i ) l D D 0 l l b
# 2
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION 2.1 Topography l The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station site (SONGS) is located about 2.5 km southeast of San Clemente, California, on the shore of the Paci-fic Ocean (Figure 2.1-1). To construct the facility a portion of an exist-ing 30-m-high bluff was excavated. As shown in Figure 2.1-2 the terrain in the vicinity of the site is very complex. The hills immediately to the east rise approximately 300 to 400 m above MSL, further east the ground rises to approximately 1000 m. The mouth of the San Onofre Canyon is immediately to the north of the site. I Figure 2.1-3 presents on a scaled topographic map a plan view of the SONGS site . The site consists of three containment structures; Unit 1 is operation-al; Units 2 and 3 are currently under constnaction. 2.2 Meteorology Meteorological conditions at the SONGS site are characteristic of a coastal location. Figure 2.2-1 presents an annual windruse for the site based on data collected at the 10-m level of the bluff meteorological tower for the l period of record January 25, 1975 through January 24, 1976. Prevailing I winds are generally from the north-northeast, northeast, west, and west-l northwest, characteristic of a land-sea breeze circulation. The hills and canyons to the east of the site have a pronounced effect on the local meteor-ological conditions. During nighttime hours under stable atmospheric con-ditions, strong radiational cooling produces drainage flows that reach wind speeds greater than 10 mph in a relatively shallow near-surface layer. These flows are channeled by the San Onofre Canyon to the site as general-
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.- ... . iso mio io, > ) FIGURE 2.2-1 ANNUAL WIND ROSE FOR SONGS BASED ON THE 10 METER LEVEL BLUFF TOWER (1/25/75 - 1/24/76) ) 7 l
) During the daytime the Pacific Ocean has a pronounced effort on local ) circulation. Under primarily unstable to neutral atmospheric conditions a relatively strong sea breer:e occurs. As is discussed in Section 3.1 the tracer tests are designed to be conducted in the winter season under onshore flow with low to moderate wind speeds (5,9 mi/h) under a range . ) of ttability conditions. It is of interest to note the frequency of occur- j rence of the more limiting atmospheric conditions at SONGS during the winter as compared to the year. Table 2.2-1 presents the distribution of , ) Pasquill stability classes for onshore flow for the winter season as compared to those based on the annual cycle. These data are based on measurements obtained from the existing 40-m bluff tower (a description of all meteorological instntmentation and tower locations to be used in the program is presented in ) Section 4). Data are based on the period of record rebruary 1,1975 to January - 28, 1976. Wind measurements were based on the 10-m level and temperature l differential was determined between the 20-ft and 120-ft levels. As shown in the table the frequency of occurrence of stable atmospheric c.mditions under onshore flow is greater during the winter season as compared to the year. l
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O TABLE 2.2-1 O WINTER AND ANNUAL PERCENT FREQUENCIES OF PASQUILL STABILITY CLASS DISTRIBUTIONS AT SONGS DURING ONSHORE FLOW O The values are based on 10-m winds and 6T(120ft-20ft) from the main bluff tower for the period of February 1,1975 to January 28,1976 (SCE,1976) . Winter consists of the months of December, January and February. The frequency is based on the total number of observations for all directions during the time period and is rounded to the nearest whole percent. On-n shore flow includes the wind directions of southeast through west-north-V we st. Values may not necessarily total exactly due to rounding. O Pa squill Cla s s A B C D E F G Total Dnshore Flow Winter 16 1- 1 10 7 4 6 45 O Annual 31 3 3 13 4 2 2 58 O O O l0 l i
- O g
) 3.0 METEOROLOGY RELATED TO THE TRACER PROGRAM ) 3.1 Meteorological Design Tracer tests will be conducted at the SONGS site during the winter season under several meteorological conditions. Tracer release will be made from ) several points so that an adequate assessment of the diffusion character-istics of the site can be made. The primary meteorological regimes of in-terest are low to moderate wind speeds (59 mi/hr) and neutral to stable ) atmospheric stability with onshore and along-shore wind flows (east-south-east through west-northwest) . It is planned to include a sufficient number of less restrictive stability conditions to characterize as well as possible a full spectrum of stability conditions found with onshore wind flows. ) The following is a summary of the meteorological conditions under which the tracer tests will be conducted. These conditions were selected for the ) winter season based on an analysis of the joint frequency tables of wind speed and direction by Pasquill stability class presented in Section 2.2 ) To determine the design meteorological conditions for the tracer tests an analysis- was made of the dilution potential at SONGS. Dilution potential is here defined as the dispersion factor X/Q that could be observed at the site. Dilution potential at SONGS was divided into three categories, ) most restrictive, moderately restrictive and least restrictive, each of which is a function of wind speed and stability class. These categories were determined by computing hypothetical dilution factors (using the Gau 4- ) sian point-source model without building wake for a downwind distance of 700 m) for various combinations of wind speed and stability class and ranking these from highest to lowest. These were then divided (based on orders of magnitude) into the three groups shown in Table 3.1-1. 3 ) 10
) l 4 l i ) I l 1 ) WIND SPEED GRO'UP tmph) i 0--3 4-7, 8-12 13+ ) i G t i i d I
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TABLE 3.1-1 DILUTION POTENTIAL CLASSES
)
11
1 l For purposes of design the onshore wind direction at SONGS was divided into three components: northerly along-shore flow (winds from the west and west-northwest), direct onshore flow (winds from the south, south-southwest, southwest, and west-southwest), and scutherly along-chore flow (winds from the southeast and south-southeast) . The frequency of occurrence of each dilution potential category during the winter was de-termined as a function of onshcre wind direction component. These fre-quencies are presented in Table 3.1-2. l l It is planned to conduct several tests in each cf the nine wind diIection/ l dispersion potential classes to the extent practicable with a goal of six tests per class. A continuing assessment of this gcal will be made as the ) program progresses to determine such information as the variability of re-l l sults obtained within each class and frequency of class occurrence. As discussed in Section 5.0, tests will be conducted with releases from two locations, the Unit 1 and Unit 2 or 3 containments with 2 release medes, l ground level and elevated. It is planned to make simultaneous releases of two tracer materials from each unit: one tracer to be released at plant grade level and one from the top of the centainment structure. Therefore , a goal of a total of 108 separate tests has been set, 54 dual releases f em 1 each unit area. ) 3.2 Annual Representativeness of Tests Conducted During the Winter Season For given meteorological conditions at SONGS, the results of an onshore h tacer program conducted during one season of the year are net expected to differ significantly from a similar program conducted during other seasons of the year. That is, under enshore wind conditions from a par:icular dir-p ection for a given stability class and wind speed group, over the range of approximately 300 to 700 m downwind, essentially the same dispersion con-ditions are expected in any time of year. Thus a winter-season tmcer pro-g gram is expected to be representative cf all seasons. 12 . _ _ . _ ___ __ ._
k , i , TABLE 3.1-2 ; ) l PERCENT FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE IN WINTER
- OF WIND DIRECTION VS. DILUTION POTENTIAL CIASS AT SONGS The values are based on 10-m winds and 6T(120ft-20ft) from the main bluff tower for the period of Febniary 1,1975 to January 28,1976 (SCE,1976) .
Winter consists of the months of December, January, and Febniary. Values may not total exactly due to rounding. ) l Along shore Direct Along shore l Dilution Flow, Southerly Onshore Flow Flow, Northerly Potential Cla ss (SE-SSE) (S-WSW) (W-WNW) ) l l Most restrictive 4 3 2 l l l Moderately restrictive 4 3 3 i Least restrictive 6 8 11 1 1 P F J 13
O In making this evaluation of representativeness it is recognized that the O "'*"'" Y ' * * * " ' " * * ' ' ' ' ' " * * ' ' " ' ' 9 ' ' 1 * "d " "
- Y vary from season to season. However, because all of the three dilution classes (as discussed in 3.1) occur in the winter and since they all oc-cur in one or more other seasons, the winter is representative of condi-O tions that may occur any time during the year.
Table 3.2-1 presents the annual and winter percentage frequency of each g dispersion-potential class . The most restrictive dispersion class condi-tion occurs twice as often during winter as it does during the whole year; therefore, it should be more efficient to test during these conditions in winter than on an annual basis. Moderately restrictive dilution classes O' occur with the same frequency in both periods, and the least restrictive dilution class predominates in both time periods. Overall, the relative order of frequency of occurrence of the three dilution classes is the same O in the winter period as in the annual period. The variability of the actual frequency of the dilution classes is in part related to the frequency of onshore winds, as indicated in the "all classes" O values for Table 3.2-1; Onshore winds are slightly more frequent on the annual basis than on the winter seasonal basis. DeMarrais et al. (1965) reported on the wind flow: O O O i O 14 l l i
TABLE 3.2-1 FREQUENCY (%) OF OCCURRENCE OF DILUTION CLASSES AT SONGS FOR ONSHORE FIOW The values are based on the main bluff tower data,.10 m winds and 6T 120ft-20ft , from SCE,1976 for the period of February 1,1975 to January 28, 1976. Winter includes the months of December, January, and February. The frequency, rounded to the nearest whole percent, is based on the total number of observations for all directions during the time period. Values may not necessarily total exactly due to rounding. Onshore flow includes the directions of southeast through we st-northwe st. Dilution Time Period Cla s s Annual Winter Most restrictive 4% 8% Moderately restrictive 10% 10% 1 Least restrictive 44% 26% l l All classes 58% 45% l l l \
}
15
)
o In the summer (July) the predominant wind flow is from the north-west around the subtropical anticyclone and in the southern Call-fornia offshore coastal waters it shows very little diurnal varia-
) tion. Along the coast, however, the flow is modified by the sea breeze and land breeze. The sea breeze tends to enhance the daytime flow onshore, but the nighttime land breeze and the drain-age wind to offshore are usually evenly balanced along the coast line, so that coastal winds will vary from night to night. )
o By October, the flow from the anticyclone is less constant and, in general, the predominant wind is from the west-northwest. The sea breeze enhances the daytime flow to a lesser extent than in July, and the daytime winds do not persist for as long per day ) (solar heating time is diminishing). During October nights, the land breeze and drainage flows usually predominate over the anti-cyclone flow, so that coastal winds are usually offshore. Occa-sionally, this may result in small-scale flows parallel to the coast at night in the greater San Onofre coast area.
) o In January, the Pacific anticyclone is weakest in the southern California coastal waters, yet it still predominates, resulting in l mean winds from the west over the ocean. The speeds associated
! with the general flow are weaker, however, and the general flow is often disrupted by traveling storms. In winter these storms l tend to bring the strongest onshore winds. In January, the day-time sea breeze is diminished because of the temperature differ-ences between sea air and land air. Thus the general flow is weaker, and the sea breeze is not sustained for many hours of the day. In January, both the nighttime land breeze and the drainage flow attain their greatest development (duration of solar heating at a minimum), so that the offshore flow extends to its greatest distance out to sea and no significant flows parallel to the greater San Onofre coast area are observed. ) o By April, the predominant flow most nearly represents the July pat-tern, but from the west near San Onofre. Although the winds are strongest in this season as modified by the sea breeze, they do not persist as long as they do in July (the maximum duration for solar heating is not yet reached). Thus the nighttime flows are 3 still predominated land breezes and drainage flows to offshore in the coastal areas, with a flow parallel to the coast again occur-ring in the greater San Onofre coastal area. f k D 16
O Also, in fall, winter, and spring, the dry, gusty "Santa Anna" winds O which blow offshore from the inland mountains may intern 2pt the onshore flow (NOAA,1976) . Overall, the pattern of onshore winds is controlled year round by the same basic factors: the Facific anticyclone and the g sea / land breezes and the drainage winds. The same basic factors controlling the coastal San Onofre weather are also evidenced in temperature data (See Figure 3.2-1 for the O geographical locations named in the next several paragraphs) . At San Diego 'NOAA,1976) the long-term month-to-month average tem-peratures vary by only about 6 C throughout the year, and the mean O monthly maximum temperatures vary by about 7 C; both have their mi-nimum in January. Similarly, the monthly average sea-surface tempera-tures vary only 6 C throughout the year, with a minimum in February, as measured at nearby Balboa (NOS,1970) . The monthly differences
- O '
between mean maximum air temperature (associated with daytime on-shore flow) and average sea-surface temperature vary only 3 C through-out the year, with an annual average difference of about 3.75 C; the O winter difference is about 4 C. In contrast, further up the coast the annual differences increase, being about 4 C near San Francisco (and Fort Point) and about 5 C near Eureka (and Blunts Reef). Thus, in the San Onofre coastal area the monthly air temperature and sea-surface O temperature does not vary greatly throughout the year, and neither does the difference (between the mean maximum over-land air temperature and mean sea-surface temperature), which is representative of similar O onshore-flow conditions year round. O O 17 l
I OREGON k h - I' l EUREKA I
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/ BALBOA SANTA ROSA IS.
o SAN CLEMENTE iRIZON A' O SANTA CRUZ IS. SAN ONOFRE O ] y+ SAN siCHOLAS IS. k p SAN DIECO SINTA CATALIN'A IS. PT. LOMA SAN [CLEMENTE IS. OCEANSIDE D o FIGURE 3.2-1 MAP OF CALIFORNIA AND ADJACENT COASTAL WATERS S 18
~ , O Ship reports (Naval Weather Service Command,1971) indicate that the mean sea-surface temperature offshore is usually higher than the mean "n air temperature ona month-to-month basis. This difference implies neutral or unstable conditions, rather than stable conditions. This is tnie for a point in deep ( 180 m) water about 20 km offshore from San O Onofre (Table 3.2-2) . At that distance no significant shoreline heating effects would be expected in the air or in the sea surface. The annual air-sea temperature difference (air temperature minus sea-surface temperature) is about -0. 5 F (approximately -0.25 C) . Although the difference ranges from +0.5 F in July to -1.5 F in February and No-vember, it shows no regular progression from month to month. For ex-O ample, the winter months of December, January, and February have values of -1, 0 , and -1.5 F, respectively, or an average of slightly more than -1 F, (about -0. 5 C) . The offshore mean temperature gra-dients, both sea-surface and air, tend to be very flat all year round. Overall, the mean air-sea temperature differences offshore from San Onofre in winter and its monthly variability are of those observed through-out the year. O The instability of the air-sea temperature difference observed offshore are mainly due to the persistent flow of air over increasingly warmer wa-ter as the wind blows in the onshore direction. The general wind trajec-an tory for San Onofre is from approximately the west-northwest under the influence of the Pacific anticyclone, as discussed above. The sea-sur-face temperature at a location about 230 km upwind, just west of San O Miguel Island, compared to the San Onofre offshore (20 km) temperature is about 4 F (or 2 C) colder on an annual basis (Table 3.2-3). This tem-perature increase towanis San Onofre varies from 2 F to 7 F (~1 C to ~4 C) g from month to month. The minimum increase (-2 F) occurs in the winter months with the maximum in the summer (-7 F). Of course the net warm-ing effect on an air parcel that eventually moves onshore at San Onofre O ig
) TABLE 3.2-2 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA OFFSHORE AIR AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES The "offshore" gridpoint of 118 W' longitude and 33.5 N latitude about 20 km offshore of SONGS ~ was selected; the ocean d'epth'is about I80 m at this point. The average temperature data are based:en ship reports (Naval Weather Ser- ) , vice Command,1971). Data were read to the nearest i degree Fahrenheit. Values may not necessarily total exactly due to rounding. ) Time Air Temp. Sea Surface Air Minus Period (OF) Temo. ( F) Sea Temp. (OF) January 59.0 59.0 0 ) February 57.5 59.0 -1.5 March 59.0 59.0 0 Apd1 59.5 60.0 -0.5 D May 61.0 61.0 0 June 63.0 63.5 -0.5 July 65.5 65.0 +0.5 D August 68.5 69.0 -0.5 September 68.0 68.0 0 October 66.0 66.5 -0.5 November 62.0 63.5 -1.5 December 59.5 60.5 -1.0 Annual 62.4 62.8 -0.5 (~-0.25 C) D i D 1 0 20
TABLE 3.2-3 OFFSHORE AND UPWIND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES FOR SAN ONOFRE The "offshore" gridpoint of 118 W lonciitulie add' 33:.5 N latitude, about 20 km offshore of SONGS was seledtec: the ocean is about 180 m deep ) at this point. The "upwind" gridpoint of 121.5 W0 longitude. and 34 N latitude about 230 km west-nortnwest of the "offshore" point was sel-eeted; hpre, south of Pt. Conception just west of San Miguel Island the water is also 180 m deep or more, The average temperature data are based on ship repons (Naval Weatner Ser/ ice Command,1971). Data ) were read to the nearest } degree Fahrenheit. Values may not necessarily total exactly due to rounding. Time Offshore Upwind Offshore Minus ) Period Temo. ( F) Temp. (OF) Upwind Temo. (CF) January 59.0 57.0 2.0 February 59.0 56.5 2.5 ) B4 arch 59.0 56.0 3.0 Apd1 60.0 55.5 4.5 May 61.0 56.5 4.5 ) June 63.5 58.5 5.0 July 65.0 60.5 4.5 August 69.0 62.0 7.0 September 68.0 63.5 4.5 ) October 66.5 62.0 4.5 November 63.5 60.5 3.0 December 60.5 58.5 2.0 ) Annual 62.8 58.9 3.9 (-200) l ) l ) 21
) r- would depend on the speed at which the parcel moved over the water as well as on the local variability of the horizontal gradient of sea-surface temperature (it is generally flat in the vicinity of offshore San Onofre, as previously mentioned). j The offshore conditions described in the previous two paragraphs for San 5 Onofre may vary along the California coast, particularly to the north of l the Point Conception area (-250 km west-northwest of San Onofre), where the coastline again runs northwest rather than west (Figure 3.2-1). The variation is related to the phenomenon of the upwelling of colder waters along the northern California coastline. The rather steady northwesterly winds exert a surface stress on the coastal waters which in conjunction j with the Coriolis force causes an offshore movement of surface water, l thereby inducing upwelling of cold water (Williams, et al. ,1966); this l l may result in a band of cold water, approximately 125 km wide off San Francisco. Thus it may be possible for a conduction inversion to form ) ' in the air near the sea surface as it moves across the zone of upwelling waters . There are indications that the marine air moving ashore is stable at distances of 0.5 to 3 km inland at Vandenberg Air Force Base (Haugen ) and Taylor,1963 and Smith et al. ,1964, respectively). Even at San Francisco, however, the reported effect of the upwelling waters is more to cool the air and increase its relative humidity (producing fog and stra-i tus in summer) rather than to produce a surface-based inversion on the O water (Williams et al. ,1966) . Thus offshore conditions in northern Cal-1 ifornia differ from those off San Onofre. In northern California these con-ditions may at times be associated with some surface-based stable layers
- O ~ over water.
l The net effect of all the air-sea interaction determines what offshore me-teorological conditions are advected onshore at San Onofre. During the g warm part of the year shallow marine air is capped by a thick intense O 22 t
marine inversion aloft (DeMarrais et al. ,1965), with an average base of 3 200 to 300 m MSL (Sanberg et al. ,1970). Below the inversion, stability is generally neutral, as indicated by the vertical temperature structure. The elevated marine inversion results primarily from the Pacific anticy-clone; as discussed in more detail in Appendix A. During the cold part D of the year, the marine inversions are either weak and shallow or absent (DeMarrais et al. ,1965) . On the basis of scanty over-water temperature data, isolated, near-surface-based temperature inversions have been J observed offshore. The variability of the vertical temperature structure offshore is discussed in detail in Appendix A. On the basis of observa-tions over water, it is concluded that surface-based inversions are not likely to occur during any steady-state onshore wind at San Onofre, but there may be a tendency toward a greater frequency of slightly stable con-i ditions in the winter than annually, l l l C In summary, on the basis of a review of onsite dilution classes, sea-air temperatures, and offshore vertical temperature profiles of the atmosphere, the results of an onshore tracer program at SONGS in the winter are judged to be generally appropriate to represent dispersion conditions throughout I the year. [ 3.3 Offshore Thermal Discharges l l0 l l During the operation of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station thermal discharges of waste heat will be made offshore into the Pacific Ocean. It 'g is expected that the effect of these thermal discharges will minimally enhance the dispersive capability of the atmosphere for onshore flows towards SONGS .
'O O 23
In order to attempt to quantify these effects, increases in sea-surface temperature resulting from the discharge of warm water from Unit 1, and Units 2 and 3 circulating water systems, as given in the NRC staff's final environmental statements (USAEC,1973a and 1973b), were considered as potential modifiers of the over-water temperature structure of the attros- ) phere as air moves shoreward. The impact was considered even though the sea-surface areas of temperature increases of 4 F or more are small and occur only in the immediate vicinity of the outfall summer variations of 3 ) or 4 F in monthly maximum sea-surface temperatures near the site (USAEC, 1973a). The model by Raynor et al. (1974) of Brookhaven National Laboratory was used ) for calculating the depth of the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) formed by air moving over cooler water to warmer waters. This model was judged the most appropriate of the models considered (Appendix A), since this model ) permits the representation of the over-water wind profile. The model was used to calculate, H, the depth of the TIBL as a function of fetch (downwind travel distance), F, and the temperature differences between the source (upwind) region and the downwind region: H = _u* 0 ~02} 1 (3.3-1) u BT ) . dZ . where )
= temperature gradient over source region ( C/m) 6 = temperature in source region ( C) 7 6 = temperature in downwind region ( C) 2 1
h 24 i
l i l F = fetch,' distance over downwind surface (m) u* = friction velocity in downwind region (m/s) l u = wind speed in downwind region (m/s). For various combinations of operating conditions for Units 1, 2 and/or 3, as well as for the maximum permitted thermal increase of 4 F at a 1000 ft radius of the discharge (State Water Resources Control Board,1975 and )- California Regional Water Quality Control Board of San Diego Region,1972), the depth of modified air (TIBL) after passage over the warmed sea surface ranges from a minimum of 2 m to a maximum of 64 m. However, the magnitude of the depths determined by the use of the model are expected to be over- ) estimates since the model does not consider the thermal diffusion of air at the edges of the limited-width air parcel moving directly over the warmed sea surface area. Further, since 1) the parcel of air modified by the thermal dis- ) charge is not wide -- with respect to the length of the shoreline within the area of the onshore tracer program -- and, 2) the modified air will tend to return towards its original state by thermal exchange with the cooler ambient water between the discharge area and the shoreline, the effect of thermal discharges ). on meteorology during onshore flow is not expected to be significant. Therefore, it is concluded that the impact of the thermal discharges on the ) results of the tracer program will be minimal. Further, the additional dis-charges of heat from Units 2 and 3 following the tracer measurement program will tend to enhance the development of a TIBL during onshore flow and, there- , fore, the rate of dispersion, so that the results of the onshore tracer program ) are expected to be slightly conservative and adequately representative for the ! San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. i i ) 25
----+-M m ei w-. -- - - - e = -- -. a-- r e -
) 4.0 TEST DESIGN: METEOROLOGY J 4.1 Meteorological Data Acquisition In order to determine that meteorological conditions are appropriate for a ] given tracer test and to document those conditions during the test, it will be necessary to collect meteorological data. To support the tracer tests meteorological data will be collected at several locations in addition to the main 40-m bluff tower. The following are descriptions of the onsite monitoring locations (Section 4.1.1) and instrumentation (Section 4.1.2) for the tracer program . D 4.1.1 Monitoring locations l l The monitoring locations of meteorological parameters for the onshore tracer . O program will roughly define the area within which tracer samples will be l obtained . Locations consist of existing and of temporary installations which are shown in Figure 4.1-1 and are described below ("mast" implies a nomi-Q nal 10 m level sensor height, whereas "tower" implies availability of greater sensor height): l 4.1.1.1 Existing Monitoring Locations O o Bluff Tower. The bluff tower is situated about 40 m inland from the 30 m bluff and 100 m northwest of the Unit 1 containment. This lo-
. cation, for which there is a bank of historical data, will be the pri-
- O mary meteorological reference point. Dilution classes (defined in Section 3.0) will be determined from data collected on this tower, l
although confirmation of steady-state conditions will be made with supplemental data from other locations. Fine temporal resolution i (2-second values) will be obtained for wind data at the 10-m and O 40-m levels and for temperature differential, oT4 m 10 from this tower will provide the basis for the anafysis onshoreel. The data tracer tests.
.O 26
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) o Beach Tower. The beach tower, which was used during the earlier offshore tracer program, is a 120-ft tower that is situated about 50 m inland.from the shoreline to the seaward of the Unit 2 tank building. Wind and 6T values at low temporal resolution (15-minute average) 3 will be determined from data collected on this tower. The wind data and 6T data will be used only as needed in the analysis to supple-ment the information gathered at other locations on the bluff and inland. o Beach Auxiliary. The beach auxiliary tower, which was also used during the earlier offshore tracer program, is situated about 50 m inland to the seaward of the Unit 1 containment and adjacent to the seawall . Wind values at low temporal resolution will be determined from data collected on this 10-m mast. The wind data will be used O only as needed in the analysis to supplement the information ga-thered at other locations on the bluff and inland. 4 .1.1. 2 Temporary Monitoring Locations For the onshore tracer program four additional meteorological monitoring lo-cations have been identified for the purpose of supporting the tracer tests O and subsequent analysis. These locations are to be instrumented with three temporary 10-m masts and a temporary 40-m tower. The siting locations and site-selection rationales are as follows: O o Inland Tower. The inland tower is to be situated about 700 m inland from the shoreline approximately due north of Unit 1. This tower location was selected to provide concurrent data with the Bluff Tow-er during the onshore tracer program in order to detect any signifi-cant changes in conditions as parcels of air move inland from the O vicinity of the Bluff Tower - changes that might influence the dis-persion of releases from SONGS over the short ranges defined for the program. The largest downwind range of 700 m for the tracer program defined an approximate maximum inland location for the tower along a line parallel to the shoreline. A location within the O San Onofre canyon was judged to be preferable to a location in the hills east of SONGS since channeling of onshore winds through the canyons and around the hills is a common phenomenon in southern California (DeMarrias et al. ,1965) and, therefore, at San Onofre. O O 28
) The presence of a large constmetion laydown area due north of SONGS was judged less desirable as an onshore fetch area to the Inland Tower 3 than one of unmodified terrain, because of possible surface roughness and thermal effects of the laydown area. However, the thermal effects of the laydown area are not expected to be of major importance because the bare ground of the area is not substantially different from that of the natural terrain which is covered with thin, short vegetation. In addition ] there are numerous other man-made modifying structures in the vicinity of SONGS such as major and minor roads, and railroads. The remote possibility that the inland tower would reach above the internal boundary layer transition into unmodified sea air suggested that the Inland Tower be as far inland as possible, in keeping with the earlier stated other con sideration s . As a result the site chosen was selected as best meeting 3 all the considerations while still being close to SONGS and free to any major obstnictions to a clear onshore flow. The location of the temporary Inland Tower with respect to the internal y boundary layer was investigated in detail, as reported in Appendix A. Various models of boundary-layer growth were investigated considering singly or in combination 1) the change in surface roughness of the source (sea) and downwind (land) regions, 2) the change in temperature over the source and downwind regions, 3) the atmospheric stability (vertical temp-erature gradient) of the source region, and 4) the atmospheric stability of g the downwind region. Sea-surface and air temperatures and over-water vertical temperature gradients were evaluated for their annual and seasonal I variations, a s reported in Section 3.2 and in Appendix A. Important effects l of bluff turbulence and overland fetch (to the tower) as a function of the angular departure of the wind direction from the normal to shoreline were lC l con sidered . It was concluded that 1) a stable onshore flow with a distinct thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) is unlikely, and 2) the most stable l l sea-surface-based stable layer that could advect onshore under steady-state conditions would tend to be shallow and would probably occur in the colder half of the year, and 3) the tower should be at least 600 m inland O so that it will be entirely within the internal boundary layer. f High temporal resolution (2-second (instantaneous)) values of wind and 6T will be collected from this tower. Data from the Inland Tower will be compared to similar data collected at the Bluff Tower, and will be used
,0 in describing the onshore trajectories from SONGS.
O O 29
)
o Hill Mast 1. Hill Mast 1 is to be situated at about 50 m above MSL, and about 700 m inland from a point midway between Units 1 and 2. Onshore flow to the site in the hills is unobstructed.
) This condition is expected to be of aid in detecting possible drawing of onshore flow into the San Onofre Canyon and in de-fining the tracer trajectory over the rough ground. Wind data at low temporal resolution (15 minute) will be collected on this mast. )
o Hill Mast 2. Hill Mast 2 is to be situated at about 70 m above MSL, and about 700 m inland and east-northeast of Unit 3. On-shore flow to the site is unobstructed, with the possible excep-tion of southerly winds nearly parallel to the shoreline. The data is expected to be of aid in identifying the flow over complicated ) terrain and in defining tracer trajectories that originate at the plant site. Wind data at low temporal resolution (15 minute) will be collected on this mast. o Bluff Mast 3. Bluff Mast 3 is to be about 40 m inland from the h 30-m bluff and just plant south of Unit 3. This location on the bluff south of SONGS is comparable to that of the Bluff Tower to the plant north. Wind data at low temporal resolution'(15 minute) will be deter:nined from data collected on this mast. The data will be used to help determine onshore trajectories at the plant ) south end of SONGS and to determine whether they are signifi-cantly different from those defined by the Bluff Tower. 4.1.2 Meteorological Instrumentation 4.1.2.1 Levels l ) The meteorological instrumentation to be used in this tracer program will be installed on the towers and masts listed in Section 4.1.1. Table 4.1-1 pre-sents a summary of the planned levels of instrumentation at each location. At the Inland Tower an added measurement, 6T(40m-25m), will be made to detect 30
) TABLE 4.1-1 METEOROLOGICAI; INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE ) ONSHORE TRACER PROGRAM AT SONGS Monitoring Nominal Height (m) Units of Location Parameter Above Ground Measurement ) Bluff Tower WS,WD 10, 40 mph, degrees 6T 40-10 C ) Temperature 10 O C Inland Tower WS , WD 10, 40 mph, degrees 6T 40-10 C 6T 40-25 C Temperature 10 C Hill Mast 1 WS , WD 10 mph, degrees 3 Hill hlast 2 WS , WD 10 mph, degrees Bluff Mast 3 WS , WD 10 mph, degrees O Beach Tower WS,WD 30ft, 120ft mph, degrees 6T 120ft-20ft C Beach Auxiliary WS , WD 10 mph, degrees O Ma st O l l l l !O 31
l l l stable sea air above a shallow TIBL that does not completely envelop the , Inland Tower, should this unlikely event occur. The Masts 1, 2, and 3 will help define trajectories. The existing Beach Tower and Beach Auxi-1 liary Tower will be used but the data collected will be used only if sup- l plementary information is needed. 1 4.1. 2 . 2 Physical Operating Description The meteorological sensors will be essentially the same for the supplemen-tal instrumentation as for the permanent existing systems. The meteorolo-gical measurement program will meet the intent of the requirements of Re-gulatory Guide 1.23. A generalized physical operating description of the sensors follows, with a more detailed description included in Appendix C of the interim report of the offshore tracer program (Septoff and Teuscher, 1976): o Wind Direction l An output voltage on a scale of 0 to 5 volts DC is controlled l by twin potentiometers. The two potentiometers, each of which covers the full 360 , are 180 out of mechanical ) L phase with each other. Their use in this manner eliminates the crossover point. Signal conditioning equipment con-verts sensor inputs into a continuous analog output to re-cord the wind direction. The starting threshold of the wind l direction sensor is 0.75 mph. o Wind Speed l l A disk with 132 radial slots is mounted on the wind speed shaf t. A light source and photocell assembly is mounted so that the light can reach the photocell only by passing through a slot. Rotation of the disk produces a series of pulses whose frequency is proportional to the speed of the disk. The pulses are converted into an analog output to record the wind speed. Starting threshold for the wind-speed sensor is
) 0. 75 mph. ) 32
) o Temperature The sensor is a shielded and power-aspirated linear ther- ) mistor network. Signal-conditioning equipment produces a continuous analog output to the temperature recorder. o Temperature Differential (6T) ) Two temperature sensors, as described above, are located at different levels on the tower. Signal conditioning equipment converts the difference in output voltage into a continuous analog output to the temperature differential recorder. D 4.1.2.3 Data Recording 3- The primary recording system on both the Bluff Tower and the Inland Tower . will be a digital system recording 2-second incremental data. The backup system on these two towers will be high-speed analog strip-chart record-ers to permit reading at high temporal resolution. At the other monitoring D locations there will be analog strip-chart recorders operating at nonnal speed. O Some dual-channel reconiers will be used for wind measurements where ap-propriate, for example, for wind speed on the towers. Othenvise single-channel reconders wi;l be used. Frequent time checks will be made and noted on the charts before, during, and after each test. The analog charts will have the following format: For wind speed the full-scale width will be 2 inches. The range of measured wind speeds will be ! C 0-75 mph; from 0-25 mph each division will be 1 mph, from 25 mph to 75 mph each division will be 10 mph. For wind direction and temperature differen-l tial, the full-scale chart width will be 4} inches with the scale ranging from 0-540 degrees and -3 C to +3 C, respectively. Normal operational chart speeds (Iow resolution) will be 3 inches per hour. High resolution chart speeds will be 3 inches per minute. h 1 33
) 4.2 Field Operation Procedures )- A set of procedures (work instructions) will be followed during the perfor-mance of the tracer program so that the requirements of the tracer test de-sign are met. The field test director will be responsible for the meteoro- ) logical assessments necessary for each test authorization. He will use a daily checklist and other forms for each test day to document each day's performance . In brief, the Test Director's checklist will include the following:
- 1. Decide, from meteorological conditions, whether or not to begin testing
- 2. If so, fill out test authorizdtion form
- 3. Check and make operational the recording systems
- 4. Make certain that all field procedures are being followed correctly
) 5. Document the timely transmission of all data. l It is planned to conduct several tests in each of the nine wind direction / l dilution potential classes to the extent practicable. A record of the number of completed tests in each class, by release point, will be maintained as the program proceeds. If it is determined that the design number of tests for a given class has been exceeded, an intensified effort will be made to l ) initiato tests .tpon a forecast of a less common class. Appendix B presents the detailed meteorological work instructions to be followed by the test director during the conduct of the tests. ) 4.3 Meteorological Data Reduction and Processing The reduction of meteorological data will be similar to that used in the off-
) shore tracer program at SONGS (Septoff and Teuscher,1976). For each test, meteorological data from each tower and mast will be used during the ) 34
) ' l specific 1-hour time period of the test. Data reduction and processing will [ be performed according to the simplified diagram in Figure 4.3-1. Meteorological data from the Bluff and Inland Towers will be collected pri-marily by means of an incremental digital recording system with hard-copy 3 analog data as backup. The digital values on magnetic tape will be 2-second instantaneous values. Each tape will contain a unique identifier of the tower it comes from. The data on tape will be reformatted as necessary for processing. ) If the use of the seendary recording system (analog strip charts) is required, the strip charts of wind direction will be optically reduced to provide 2-second instantaneous values and the 6T and wind speed data will be reduced to 1-minute j average values. These values will be keypunched, verified, and transferred to tape . Data from all other meteorological locations will be recorded only on l analog charts. These will be optically reduced to 15-minute-average values, which will then be keypunched, verified and transferred to tape. l Two processing functions will then be performed. In one the data will be converted to 1-minute-average listings (Figure 4.3-2) as appropriate, and i g summarized into 15-minute and 1-hour averages (Figure 4.3-3); the 1-minute data will subsequently be used to prepare wind roses for each tower wind level. For each test the windrose will indicate the total time that the wind L blew in each sector and the associated average wind speed and stability Q class, based on 6T. A sample windrose is presented in Figure 4.3-4. In the other process, the standard deviations of wind direction will be deter-mined and the range (maximum and minimum) summarized (Figure 4.3-5) for O various time periods, as appropriate for each sensor location. l O O 35
TEMPQT.A7.Y MASTS AN) g BLUP A AN)lNLANO DATA SUPPLEMENTA'lY SEACH DATA m _ _ _BACXUP, _ V i p [MBEw SPE ED f\ [ LOW SPEED [ \ g TAPt CP 23 VALUES strip STRIP CHARTS CHARTS l , l READ 23 VALUES CP WIND DIRECTICN & READ 15 MINUTE I I i MINUTE VALUES OF WINO SPEED gr.T l' If I / PUNCHNE RIFY Tl i
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AN ALYSIS O FIGURE 4.3-1 DIAGRAM OF REDUCING AND O PROCESSING FLOW FOR METEOROLOGICAL DATA 36
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() 0611 8.0 358 999.9 3.1 G 0618 7.0 153 999.9 3.1 C On19 8.0 357 999.9 let G 06MO 7.5 356 999.9 3.1 G 0621 7.5 350 999.4 3.1 G OAP2 7.5 343 999.9 31 G 0623 7.0 145 999.9 1.1 G C) 0624 7.0 146 999.9 31 G 0625 8.5 143 999.9 31 G 0626 8.0 350 999.9 3.1 G 0627 7.5 AS) 999.9 31 G 0628 8.0 352 999.9 3.1 G 0629 8.5 3c6 999.9 3.1 G 0630 7.5 349 999.9 3.1 G () 0611 A.0 348 999.9 3.1 G 0612 8.0 346 999.9 3.1 G C613 7.5 346 999.9 31 G 0o34 8.0 349 999.9 1.1 G 0635 M.5 347 999.9 1.1 G 0616 8.5 348 999.9 3.1 G 0637 9.S 355 999.9 31 G .() 063') 11.0 359 999.9 3.1 G 0639 11.5 001 999.9 3.1 G 0640 12.5 160 999.9 3.1 G 0641 13.0 360 999.9 31 G 0642 13.0 340 999.9 3.1 G 0613 13,0 340 999.9 3.1 G Oece 13.5 355 999.9 3.1 o l) 06=5 14.0 158 999.9 31 G 0646 14.5 160 999.9 31 G 0647 14.5 103 999.9 3.1 0 0648 13.5 095 999.9 31 G 0649 11.5 004 999.9 3.1 G 0650 13.5 006 999.9 3.1 G 0651 13.4 010 999.9 3.1 G iS '0652 14.0 006 999.9 31 G C653 13.0 010 999.9 3.1 G (654 11.5 111 999.9 let G 0655 14.0 015 999.9 3.1 G 065e 14.0 015 999.9 11 G 0657 14.0 015 999.9 1.1 G 0654 14.5 015 999.9 3.1 -) I 0659 13.5 015 999.9 2.8 G G 6700 14.0 013 999.9 2.4 G 6701 12.0 015 999.9 2.0 G 0702 10.5 017 999.9 17 G 0706 11.0 047 999.9 16 G 0704 10.0 Old 099.9 1.4 G 0705 10.5 015 999.9 1.6 G () 0706 8.0 016 999.9 13 G 6707 8.0 021 999.9 11 F 070s 8.0 024 999.9 1.4 G 0709 6.0 013 999.9 1.1 F 0710 6.0 030 999.9 14 G 0711 9.0 026 999.9 2.5 G 0717 10.5 024 999.9 1.0 G I) 07 1 4.5 021 999.9 31 G 0 71 t; %.0 018 999.4 3.0 G
**** (DATA N0T Ava!LanLE 15 1901CAfhu bf 999.9)
O FIGURE 4. 3-2 SAMPLE LISTING OF 1 MIN AVERAGES 37
SONGS = TC31 4e SLt'FF = . ! N-) 10>e vF' f 4 i (10a=40*). (1/2h/76) 0615 = 0715 PST p .....ee..se...e.,s.se....e.se,....ese..se,s.,es,ses .e...se ..ese.e.e,..e... sos.... FOR EACM 15 MINUTE PERICO AND THE HOUR Pt4100 1 2 3 4 HOUR AVER;GE dtNo SPFED (MPH) a 10.9 13.5 '14.1 12.8 12.s
) AvF. war.E Ase!ENT ft1P. (UEG C) a 999.9 99,9.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 AVEdAGL 0 ELTA TEhP. (1EG C/130F T) s 1.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.9
= G G G G G AYERAGE STABILITY CLASS FON OELTA T
, SONGS.fEST Qs8EACH AU1.m1ND OATA 34 FT,DELTAT(20FT.120TT).(1/2b/76) 0615-07tbP5T
> es so, e es es ses e= = s e e s, s es se s,e ss,e ses se e ..e a s ess es s e s e s s e s s en e s es se e ss ess es s evass FOR EACM 15 MINUTE PCRIOD AND THE MOUR PERIOD 1 2 3 4 HOUR AVEWAGE dINO SPCES (MPH) s 6.8 6.6 5.8 5.6 7.7
) AVERAGE ANNIENT ftMP. (CEG C)
- 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 AVEAAGE OFLTA TFwP. (Otu C/130FT) 3.1 3.1 3.1 1.9 2.6 8 G G G G G AVC4 AGE STAUILITY Cl. ASS FCR CELTA T
$0NG3 1Est a.BEACM *AIN=d!40 OATA 30 FT.CELTAT(20FT-120FT).(1/26/76) 0o15-0715857
] esse,eees nessees, eses,see,e,sessassessessesse,. ..... e ses,eessesesses,,si......i FOR EACH 15 MINUTE PERIOD AND THE MCpR PCR100 1 2 3 4 HOUR AVENAGE 41ND STEED (MP8) s 6.2 7.3 7.6 3.6 6.2 3 s 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 AVEEAGE AMd!ENT T F. 9 P . (DEC C) 2.8 AvgqAGE OFLTA TE"P. (CEG C/100FT) a 3.1 3.1 3.1 1.9
= G G G G G AVEW4GE STABILITY CLASS FOR GELTA T II SONGS. TEST 4 SEACM sA!u-,INO DATA 120 rf.0 ELTA 1(20FT-120FT)e(1/?b/76) 3615-0715PST esse s e e s e s s nes e s s e s se e s e es ses s.:e v,socio,s e e sss es e ss,e e ns e s e s essass e,ss.,,es se,e,s FOR CACH 15 MINUTE PERIOD AND THE HOUR PERICU 1 2 3 4 HOUR O AVEPAGE <!ND SPEED (*PH)
- 7.7 10.2 13.8 9.2 10.2 A V h W A G L A P31 E N T TE4P. (DF.G C) s 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 AVEWAGE DELTA T L:W. (CEG C/100FT) a 3.1 3.1 3.1 1.9 2.6 8 G G G G G AfERAGE STABILITY CLASS FOR OCLTA i ese* (OATA NOT AV AIL AFLE 15 th0!C A TED By 990.t' gp FIGURE 4. 3-3 SAMPLE 15-MIN AND 1-H AVERAGES 38
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- sTAsiLITY " '! "*
- STAstLITY e.i av.e ,
} class i S class 5 7 7 BLUFF 10 METERS BEACH AUX 35 FT ) N N I ins i.,,
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- CLASS S CLASS :
7 7 BEACH MAIN 30 FT BEACH MAIN 120 FT ) 6
- NUMBER OF MINUTE OBS.
=== MEAN WIND SPE ED (MI/HRI FIGURE 4.3-4 SAMPLE WIND ROSES 3
39
) MEAN AND STANDAR0 DEV!Af!CN OF WIND r1 RECT!UN FLUCTUAT!0NS FOR ?!>E INTEWVALS OF 3. 15. 30. AND 60 *!NUTE PERf003 ) (SMOOTHED OVER to SLCONO INTERVAL 3 PGR STANDARD DEV!ATIONS) 30NG3 BLUFF TOWER 10 ". TEST No. e 1/26/76 0615=0715 3 M!NUTE PE4!005 WIND O!REcf!0N $.tANDARD MIN! MUM MAX!NUM MEAN DEVIAf!0N ) to 3 10, 20 17, 3.24 a= 6 104 15 to. 1.80 7= 9 3. 15, 9 3.31 10*12 5 20 15 2.75 13=15 15 20 16 2.10 16=13 15 20 20 1.34 19 21 15, 20 19, 1,82 ) 22=2a 20 20 20 0.0 25=27 15 20 18, 2.22 28 30 15 15 15 0.0 5t=33 10 15 12. 2.31 34 36 360 15 10, 5.09 37=39 360 15 12. 4.53 40=e2 15 15. 15 0.0 ) a3 45 350 10 2. 6.07 46=48 360 15. 9 4.5e 49 51 10 15 13. 2.16 52 5s 10, 20 13, 3.02 55 57 10, 25 21, 3.35 58 60 25, 35 31. 2.69 ) MEANs le64 87ANDA,RD ERRCHs 1.14 15 MINUTE PER1003 wtNO O! RECT!0N STANDARD M!N! MUM MAXIMUM MEAN DEV!ATION
!=15 5 20 14 3.95 16 30 15 20 to. 2.25 31 45 350, 15 . . 10. 6.03 46=60 360 35 17. 4.65 MEANs 5.22 3 30 MINUTE PER!008 w!ND O! RECT!CN STANDARD MINIMUM MAXIMUM MEAN DEVIATION t=30 5, 20 16, 3.82 31 60 350 35 14 4.20 MEANs 6.01 60 MINUTE PER!003 M!ND Olettt!0N STAN0ame MINIMUM MAXIMUM MEAN DEV!Af!0N ) t=60 350, 35 15. 6.53 s SEE COVEm pact FOR TABLE EXPLANAf!ON 3 FIGURE 4.3-5 SAMPLE
SUMMARY
OF WIND DIRECTION FLUCTUATION 40
9 Selected information from the processing and from the data tapes will then be merged for subsequent use in the analysis. 4 All data reduction and processing will be performed according to prepared procedures, or "Work Instructions," as set forth in Appendix D. The de-termination and classification of atmospheric stability will be made in several ways. Both the statistical and the range me' hods will be used to evaluate wind-direction fluctuation after Slade (1965) and Markee (1963). Stability will be classified into categories proposed by Pasquill (1961) according to vertical temperature gradient (measured by AT) and by the wind-direction fluctuation. Stabilities will be classified in accondance with the guidance section in Regulator / Guide 1.23. Ns.
/%
l C)
- D 2
- D 41
) 5.0 TEST DESIGN: TRACER RELEASE AND COLLECTION - ) : 5.1 Tracer Release 5.1.1 Tracer Selection ) The definitive method for determining the dispersion is by the uso of a gaseous tracer material. A gaseous tracer material should have the fol-lowing characteristics:
- 1. inert and nontoxic
- 2. low background levels
- 3. easily sampled and measured
- 4. cost effective.
Science Applications, Inc. , has considerable experience with the gaseous tracer material sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 an as used n for many esper-sion measurements including previous tests conducted at San Onofre (see, for example, England et al. ,1975; Kerrin et al. ,1975; Giroux et al. , g 1974; and Septoff and Teuscher,1976). It is an odorless, colorless gas that has no known adverse effects on plants or animals. Under normal operating conditions, it is chemically inert, which greatly simplifies sam-pling procedures. These attributes make it a most attractive tracer material. O F will be the primary tracer gas used for this study. However, because 6 of the desirability of collecting data from two release locations under the (^) same meteorological conditions a second tracer gas will be used depending upon field conditions. In the selection of a second tracer gas, SAI has relied on the advice of the NOAA staff at Idaho Falls (Dickson,1976) and will consider several other halocarbons including 12B2,13B1 and C-318. O O 42
) The actual tracer gas that will be used will be detennined immediately be-fore testing begins. To avoid interference, solvents and other materials ) used during construction will be considered in choosing the second tracer. The solvents do not contain the tracer material but some compounds may be close enough to the tracer gas on the chromatograph to cause difficul-ties in its interpretation (Dickson,1976). ) The tracer gases will be used to measure onsite atmospheric dispersion. Simultaneous releases of visible smoke will be made to provide qualitative ) information on initial plume behavior. The smoke will be generated with smoke candles at intervals of approximately 30 minutes during the test period. All smoke releases will be made from metal buckets located near the tracer release points. ) 5.1.2 Background Levels of Tracers ) Background levels of SF are vey w, typically 5 x 10 part per part 6 of air. Therefore, the possibility of contamination from other sources can normally be ignored. In the previous study at San Onofre (Septoff and Teuscher,1976) background levels were found to be very low. The back- )
. ground levels of the other potential tracer materials are all low. Onsite analysis will be made to select the proper tracer to eliminate any inter-ference problem. During the tracer tests, background samples will be D collected before each release period and at points upwind during testing.
5.1.3 T icer Release Locations ) Tracer releases will be made from two locations near the Unit 1 contain-ment and two locations near the Units 2 & 3 containments. Constniction presently underway at the site prevents definitive identification of release-D point locations since the configuration of the facility is constantly changing, i D l 43
j ~ However, for both containments the objective will be to make the releases (1) near the top of the containment and (2) at ground level near the I containment. 5 .1. 4 Control and Monitoring of Tracer Release 3- : A major part of any tracer program is adequate monitoring and control of the rate of release of the tracer material. To allow maximum flexibility in the ndu t f the tests, and t keep the movement of tracer-release f 0 equipment to a minimum, the SF m nu ng an ntrol system wW be 6 located at ground level near the containments. From this location, nar-1 row-bore tubing (1/16-in. ID) will be run to the release points. The O small size of tubing used will ensure a small dead volume and still main-tain a reasonable flow velocity, r n Figure 5.1-1 is a sketch of the tracer-release monitoring and control sys- , u tem. It is identical to that used in the previous tests. A cylinder of , tracer gas will be connected to the system. Another cylinder of com-pressed air will be used to purge the system of tracer after each tracer-O release period. This will prevent any extraneous tracer from being re- ; leased during or before any subsequent tests. A Hastings mass flowmeter specially calibrated for each tracer will be installed in the line to ensure a constant monitoring of each tracer mass flow rate. The output of this O instrument will be recorded on a continuous strip-chart recorder and will provide documentation of the, actual flow rate. ! t O A conventional rotameter will provide a backup measurement of the tracer , flow rate. The mass flowmeter will be zero-checked before each test i F day, and the span will be checked with the rotameter and compressed air. i O i 44 ,
MASS FLOW FINE METERING VALVE METER STRIP CHART RECORDER o I
\ o MASS FLOW TRANSDUCER
^ SF
" O ,- U-.
u I
~
J f TO RELEASE
]
</
\COARSE -
O..
- l )fETERING A
l PURGE , j AIR ROTAMETEft 1 i - 1 1 I, j Figure S.1-1 Schematic of Tracer Release System I J
i During each test, visual observation of the tracer flow rate will be made evey 10 to 15 min. to verify that it is being maintained at the proper level. The release of the second tracer will be done using a similar system. Some of the potential tracers are liquids under pressure and must be heated near the exit to prevent condensation. Since this will not permit long tubing lengths, the second tracer would be used for ground releases. 5.2 Sampling 5.2,1 Sample Collection Method ) Samples will be collected over a 1-hr period in Mylar or Tedlar bags. The samples will be collected in two ways, as follows:
- 1. With sequential sampling devices constructed by
) Environmental Measurements, Inc. (EMI) . These consist of 12 individual pumps activated by a time clock. A similar type of sampler was used ) in another recent tracer test (Johnson et al. , l 1975). Since these samplers operate on an in-ternal digital clock, it is possible to program them to begin collecting samples at any desired time . The sample is drawn through the top of l the sampler, which is located approximately 3 ft i above ground level. )
- 2. With an apparatus constructed by SAI and con-
, sisting of two battey-operated pumps connected to bags. One pump is automatically activated at the beginning of each sampling period and the second pump at the end of the period. When
) 46
D it is placed on the ground, this apparatus collectes a sample from about 4 in. above ; 3 ~ ground level. The concentrations of tracers will be determined directly rather than by calculation from the mass of tracer collected. The sample flow rate is 3 therefore not required. The total volume of gas collected in each bag will be significantly more than that required for an accurate sample ana-lysis . The only requirement to obtain a valid 1-hr average is that a uni-o form sampling rate be maintained over the period. This is accomplished by keeping the back-pressure on the pump to a minimum by using a bag that is significantly larger than the estimated 3 to 5 liters collected. ! O 5.2.2 Sampler Location The prelimisty plan calls for ground-level sampling points located at 4 O intervals along twc arcs centered at the containment of interest. The l radii of the two arcs will be 300 m and 700 m. These arcs will encom-pass the area of interest for the tracer program. Figure 4.1-1 shows the lO sampling arcs to be used for these tests. The sampling arcs will be sur- 1 veyed before testing begins and sampler locations marked with stakes in the ground. Since some of the sampler locations will be located at
- positions which are not accessible (such as in the middle of the freeway)
'O it will be necessary to modify the bade arcs or the 40spacing, t A limited amount of mobile sampling will be conducted to obtain informa-O tion on plume behavior, so that test planning can be done and operational decisions made with a minimum disnaption to the project and more rapidly than by using any of the sampling points. Only SF6* * #" *E this manner since it can be analy::ed more rapidly than can the other trecers. i O 47
= m;
) 5.3 Sample Analysis ) 5.3.1 Method of Sample Analysis The concentrations of SF will be measured with electron-capture gas 6 ) chromatographs (Simmonds et al. ,1972) having a molecular-sieve column and a tritium-foil detector. The system responds uniquely to SF , which 6 appears as the first peak of the chromatogram. Measurements of SF #8" 6 be made at concentrations as low as 1 x 10" part of SF E*# E*" '*#' 6 The output of all analyses will be recorded on strip-chart recorders for documentation purposes and for later analysis. The instruments to be used were constructed by SAI personnel and have been used extensively ) in other programs. Before field tests, each instrument will be electroni-cally calibrated in the laboratory to verify the electronic output of the instrument . The procedures and methodology used in the previous tests at San Onofre (Septoff and Teuscher,1976) will be followed during these tests. Depending on the second tracer selected, analysis of the samples for the D second tracer will be made on the same chromatograph as the SF ' #* 6 i second instrument having a column that will separate the second tracer. A digital integrator will be required for integrating the instrument response to the second tracer gas.
- 5.3.2 Field Operations
) Each bag will be labeled before being attached to the sequential samplers or to the individual pumps. Test number, sample location, and sampler number will be recorded on each label. The label will remain attached to g the bag and will identify each sample. As each sample is analyzed, the analyst will initial the label, note the gas chromatograph used for the l 48
t b h i ! l I l analysis, and record the test and samp!,e location on the appropriate strip ' i i chart. Before and after each analysis, a span gas sample will be analyzed. ' ) l This provides a known concentration for comparison with the test samples. l The detailed job procedures to be followed during the conduct of the tra- i car tests are contained in Appendix C. 1 r l I i b D t . D . i ! l D l 1 f ! i t D l I t
) 49 i i
I
) 6.0 ANALYSES OF THE TRACER TEST DATA D 6.1 Introduction The analyses of the data collected during the tracer program for onshore D wind flow will be directed towards two objectives:
- 1) measuring and characterizing dispersion in the vicinity
) of the site as a function of meteorology, and
- 2) demonstrating the appropriateness of using meteorological observations made at the Bluff Tower to estimate disper-3 sion at SONGS.
The analyses willinclude an evaluation of the Gaussian characteristics of O the tracer plumes, a summarization of meteorological conditions and tracer concentrations observed during the tests, and a comparison of observed and calculated tracer plume concentrations. Additional analyses will be dire ted t wards investigating the use f alternate f rmulati ns f r disper-O sion estimates at SONGS employing Bluff and/or Inland Tower meteorological data and towards evaluating the appropriateness of Bluff Tower meteorological data to estimato dispersion at the site at appropriate distances during onshore a 's flow. 6.2 Technical Discu ssion O A comparison of the measured peak values will be made with computed L values for each test using the following equation: l C 1= 1 I (6.2-1) Q (noyga + R) _u - 3noa y _u. g 50 L
b l Computed values will be determined on the basis of both Bluff and Inland ) Tower meteorological data. The dispersion parameters a and a as a function of distance from the source will be based on Hilsmeier and Gifford (1962); the mean wind speed II will be based on observed values. In this study, atmospheric stability will be classified in accordance with Regulatory ) Guide 1.23 (USNRC,1972) and both the standard deviation of wind direction fluctuations and the vertical temperature gradient will be used to determine l atmospheric stability classifications. The values of the release-point b roughness wake factor R will be computed using one half the cross sectional l area of each unit. Other determinations of R will also be considered. l \ f The standard deviation of wind direction will be determined by two methods. D ! The first method is by a statistical calculation from discrete data points; the l second method is by the range method based on Markee (1963) and (Slade, 1965). C Crosswind integrated concentrations XCWI (n rmalized for source mengW W1 j be determined for each test by numerically integrating the measured concentra-tions . The measured horizontal crosswind distributions of concentration will be used to cetermine I , the standard deviation (first moment about the mean) of the concentration at ground level in the direction normal to the plume centerline. Using the measured values of I and measured peak X/Q , estimates of 'O X * **#* * * *'
- 9 "" * " "
CWI CWI = (6.1-3) (2 n) I [O Q Y 9 The estimated values of XCW/Q will be compared with the measured values to determine the degree of consistency with Gaussian distributions. O O 51
l l It is anticipated that alternative formulations for determining dispersion at SONGS might be a function of several meteorological parameters, such ) as temperature differential, standard deviation of wind direction, and wind speed, or possibly of the roughness wake factor. An examination of the relationship of X/Q, o and a to z downwind distance and con-y current meteorological conditions will be made with the objective of de-
)
termining site-specific dispersion parameters that may permit more ac-curate dispersion estimates than would be obtained from use of standard parameters . l J D 1 - l l D 3 0 52 L
I 7.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE b A comprehensive Quality Assurance program will be employed to ensure adherence to all applicable procedures of the test design. All work will be performed in conformance with applicable quality assurance require- ) ments as set forth in 10 CFR 50 Appendix B and the NUS/ESG Quality As-
- surance Manual. NUS will serve as prime contractor for this study and u
will retain Science Applications, Inc. as subcontractor to NUS for the ) field tracer studies. NUS will assume responsibility for the final analy-sis and presentation of all data and its interpretation and for quality as-l l surance of work performed by SAI. This will be done by comprehensive l audits of SAI before, during, and after conduct of the tracer tests. De-D tailed audit plans will be prepared before the conduct of each audit in accordance with NUS quality assurance procedures. l 3 0 l 0
- 3 O
53
i I l l
8.0 REFERENCES
California Regional Water Quality Control Board San Diego Region, July 31, 1972: ! Water Discharge Requirements for Cooling Water Discharge from San Onofre l Nuclear Generating Station, Units No. 2 and 3 into the Pacific Ocean. l ) Order No . 7 2-7 6 . l De Marrais , G . E . , G . C . Holzworth , and C . H . Ho sler , 19 65: Meteorological I Summaries Pertinent to Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Over Southern California . Technical Paper No. 54, U. S. Weather Bureau. ; ) Dickson, R. , August,1976: Personal communication with L. H. Teuscher. , England , E . G . , L . H . Teu s cher , and S . L . Kerrin , 1975: A Measure- I ment Program to Determine Plume Configurations and Associated Ground Level Air Pollutant Impact at the Beaver Gas Turbine Facility. Science ) Applications, Inc. , Report SAI-75-516-LJ-1, to Portland General . l Electric Company. . ' t Final Safety Analyses Report, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, 1975: Amendment Number 43, Docket No. 50-206, Unit 1. ) Giroux , H . D . , L . E . Hau ser, L. H . Teu scher , and P . E . Te sterman , i 1974: Power Plant Plume Tracing in the Southern California Marine ! Canyon. Paper presented at AMS/WMO Symposium on Atmospheric I Diffusion and Air Pollution, Santa Barbara, California, September. Haugen, Duane A. and John H. Taylor, December 1963: The Ocean Breeze and Dry Gulch Diffusion Programs. Vol. 2, AFCRL-63-791(II), Air Force Cambridge Research laboratories. : ) Hilsmeier , W . F . , and F . A . Gifford , Jr . , 19 62 : Graphs for Estima. ting Atmospheric Dispersion. U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Rept. ; ORO-545, Weather Bureau, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. John son , W . B . , E . S helar , R . E. Ruff, H . B . Singh , and L. Sala s , 1975: Gas Tracer Study of Roof-Vent Effluent Diffusion at Millstone l Nuclear Power Station, AIR /NESP-007b, Stanford Research Institute, I Menlo Park, California. ! [ D ! 54 l
) REFERENCES (cont.) ) Kerrin , S . L. , W. G . England , L. H . Teu scher , and W. P . Lynott , 1975: An Air Quality Tracer Study for the Herberton Generating Facility. Results of Field Programs Conducted in March and July 1975. Science ) Applications, Inc. , Report SAI-75-649-LI, to Portland General Electric Company. Markee , E . H. ,1963: On Relationships of Range to Standard Deviation of Wind Fluctuations. Monthly Weather Review, 91, 3 No . 2. Naval Weather Service Command, March 1971: Climatological Study-Southern California Operating Area. NWSED Asheville. ) NOAA , 1976: Iccal Climatological Data-San Diego, San Francisco, Eureka, Annual Summary. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Pasquill, F. ,1961: Estimates of the Dispersion of Windborne ] Material . The Meteorological Magazine , 90, pp 33-49. Raynor, G. S. et al. , September 9-13, 1974: A Research Program on Atmospheric Diffusion from an Oceanic Site. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Symposium on Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution, Santa Barbara, California , pp 289-295. 3 Septoff, M. and L. Teuscher, April 1976: Report of Tracer Tests Conducted at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, NUS Corporation, Rockville Maryland , NUS-17 02 (INTERIM) . 3 Simmond s, P . G . , G . R . Shoemaker, J . E. Lovelock, and H. C . Iord , 1972: Improvements in the Determination of Sulfur Hexafluoride for U se as a Meteorological Tracer. Analytical Chemistry, 44, p. 861. Slade , D . H . ,19 65: Dispersion Estimates from Pollutant Releases of a Few Seconds to Eight Hours in Duration, Technical Note 2-ARL-1, ESSA. Smith , T. B . et al . , July 31, 1964: Micrometeorological inve stigation of the Naval Missile Facility, Point Arguello , California , MRI-64-FR-167, Vol. I and 2, Meteorological Re search Incorporated. O O 55
r, ) l REFERENCES (cont.) I Southern California Edison Company, April 12, 1976: Letter from K. P. Baskin to Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. l l . ) State W'ater Resources Control Board,1975: Water Quality Control Plan for ! Control of Temperature in the Coastal and Interstate Waters and Enclosed ! Bays and Estuaries of California. September 18. USAEC, March,1973a: Final Environmental Statement, San Onofre Nuclear ) Generating Station Units 2 and 3. Docket Nos. 50-361 and 50-362. USAEC, October 1973b: Final Environmental Statement, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station Unit 1. Docket No. 50-206. USNRC ,1972: Onsite Meteorological Programs. Regulatory Guide 1.23. Williams, W. A. , and R.-E. DeMandel, March 1966: Iand-Sea Boundary Effects on Small-Scale Circulation. Progress Report No. 2, NSF Grant GP-4248, Meteorology Department, San Jose State College. ) D D h a D 56
1 9 4 e D APPENDIX A J LOCATING THE TEMPORARY INLAND 40 M METEOROLOGICAL TOWER WITHIN THE LAND-SURFACE INTERNAL BOUNDARY IAYER DURING ONSHORE FLOW AT THE SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION O O o O O
i
)
A.1 INTRODUCTION , O This appendix describes the results of an investigation on the growth of I the internal boundary at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) ( in order to determine an appropriate location for a 40-meter meteorological l l O tower. In 1967, Van det Hoven reviewed atmospheric transport and diffusion at coastal sites, where daily reversals between land and sea breezes and O large-scale pressure gradient effects generally result in straight-line tra-i jectories over short distances. Based on earlier work by Slade (1962,1966) and Markee (1963), his work may be summarized as stating that standard O deviations of horizontal (g) and vertical wind angles are proportional to downwind plume distribution and that ovenvater g may be on the order of f one-half those observed overland at a coastal location. i O However, the transition from over-water to over-land characteristics could , be important. During an onshore flow the atmospheric turbulence may be E increased because of a rough, heated land surface. Although a shoreline ; O surface release might be contained in the modified air (internal boundary ; layer) and dispersed as if the air were always over land, an elevated shoreline release would probably be above the modified air, and would l thus initially disperse as if the air were always over water. At some dis- . O tance downwind from the shoreline, however, it would be anticipated that the depth of the internal boundary layer would increase so that eventually it would envelop the trajectory from an elevated release. : i O Since g, as well as other parameters, is related to the magnitude of the f dispersion, it is important to know not only whether the release point is in the "sea air" r the "modified land air," but also the location of the me- l 'O teorological sensor with respect to the transition of "sea" to "land" air [ r characteristics. i 'O A-2 l
) A.2 ESTIMATION OF BOUNDARY IAYER DEPTH DURING ONSHORE FLOW ) For onshore flows, Van der Hoven (1967) summarized some observations of the transition boundary, which slopes generally upward with increasing over-land distance. In the Great Lakes at Big Rock Point under stable (tem-h perature structure) flow, modification was essentially complete up to 256 ft within 3 miles of the shore. At Cape Kennedy, og data from a 12-ft tower several hundred feet inland, showed no change for offshore or j onshore flow, thus indicating inclusion of the tower within the internal boundary layer. At Pt. Arguello, California, Van der Hoven reported that Smith et al. (1964) concluded from og data that the 200-ft level was usually in the sea air, while the 30-ft level was usually in the internal ) boundary layer; the "Scout" tower was about 2000 ft inland. As noted earlier, the increasing depth of the modified air for onshore flow is effected by surface heating and surface roughness. Van der Ho-3 ven (1967) reported that Prophet (1961) showed in his studies over Nan-tucket Island in the Atlantic Ocean that the rate of increase in depth will al-so be influenced by the degree of thermal stability (6T) of the over-water air; under more stable conditions, the depth of the modified air will increase less rapidly. D Lyons and Olsson (1973) have described the slope of the layer for stable onshore flow off the Great Lakes. Recently, Raynor et al. , (1975) at Brookhaven National Laboratory conducted coastal diffusion studies. From their results and a review of previous work by others they developed ) an empirical formula for describing the depth (m), H, of the thermal intemal l boundary layer (TIBL) resulting from land / sea-surface temperature differ-ences in onshore / offshore flows: D A-3 i
D - . H = _u* _ F( $-62} 7 (A .2-1) u E
-[ BZ g
= temperature gradient over source region (CC/m) i 6 = temperature in source region ( C) 3 6 = temperature in downwind region ( C) 2 F = fetch, distance over downwind surface (m) u* = friction velocity in downwind region (m/s) k O U = wind speed in downwind region (m/s).
Martin et al. (1976) has indicated that this relationship is better than other formulations for instances of offshore flow onto a cool water surface. Mitchell g (1975) showed for a lake-shore site that the application of the Brookhaven formula was valid for stable onshore flow to warm land, with the modification that BT/BZ be defined as the absolute value of the temperature gradient dif-O ference s between that over the source region and that in the TIBL of the down-wind region: - - h F (l61 -62 } l H = u* (1. 2-2) 1 2 Equation (A.2-1) can be applied to the SONGS site. It was assumed that u*/U i was approximately 0.1 (Sutton,1953 and Mitchell,1975) . For purposes of ; evaluation under stable onshore flow during daytime heating a range of inver- , sions was assumed from near isothermal (+0.1 C/100 m) to +0.5 C/100 m. In addition 6- 6 ; ranges of about 2 to 6 C were used based on the 1 2 O difference between monthly Balboa mean sea-surface temperatures (NOS,1970) and San Diego mean maximum temperature data (NOAA,1975). Table A.2-1 presents approximate depths of the TIBL at Inland distances of O 500 m, 750 m,1000 m, and 1500 m determined using Equation A.2-1. ; 0 A-4
) TIBL values were also obtained using the modification by Mitchell and as- ) suming a downwind region of Class A stability (-2 C/100 m) as measured on the main 40 m tower on the bluff at SONGS. The results for the same distances are presented in Table A.2-2. ) Another estimate of the depth of the TIBL was made employing the approxi-mation by Hewson adopted from Turner (1970) for use in making dispersion estimate s . The extent of vertical growth h of the modified air into an ) inversion is: h=(4tk)Y (A.2-3) ) where t = inland distance divided by wind speed k = eddy diffusivity = 3 m 2 ,-1 The resulting depth values for Equation (A.2-3) are presented in Table ) A.2-3 for representative wind speeds. Note that the temperature gradient is unspecified for this inversion calculation and that no particular land / sea temperaturo difference is taken into account. i There are many instances when we may expect the same temperature over land and sea, during onshore flow at night or on cloudy days. Under ) such conditions of no heating only the roughness change from sea to land would cause a growth of the internal boundary layer. l The depth D of the internal boundary layer resulting frem a roughness ) change can be roughly approximated by using Elliot's method described by Plate (1972): D=a Z (A. 2 - 4)
) 02 where a varies slowly as follows:
202 a = 0.75 - 0.03 In (A. 2- 5 ) 201 D A-5
) ! i l ) TA812 A.2 1 TABLE A.2.I 1 TMERMAL INTERNAL SCU NCARY 1AYER DEPTH THERMAL INTERNAL SCUNCARY LAWR CEPTH AFTER RAYNCR. ECN (A.2 1) AFTER MITCKELL. CQ!! %.2 11 ! I
- a. 4T/63 = +0.001'C/m e. M/
- 4.001'h (M% * *0.02'#m Inkad intend Fateh im) ldi-kl = t'd id t.*) = 6'c Fetch fm) let- el = t'd lot el = 6'c !
500 100m 173m 500 22m 30m 750 122 112 750 27 46 1000 141 245 1000 31 53 1500 173 300 1500 38 65 , ( )- k. 4T/31 = +0.005'C/m t. @T/&Z)g a +0.005'C/m: LiTAZ)g = +0.02*C/m 500 45m 77m 500 20m 35m 750 55 95 750 24 42 63 112 1000 28 49 ! 1000 ) 1500 77 134 1500 38 to TABLE A.2 3 TABLE A.2*4 THERMAL INTERNAL SCUNCARY 1AYER CEFTH INTERNAL SCUNDARY IAYER CCPTM AFTIR TURNER. CQN %.2-3) AFTIR FIATE. EQNS. (A.!*4 & al) , i inland Inknd Fetch (m) u
- 1 m/s u o 6 m/s l
500 45m 32m 500 70s ! ) 750 1000 55 43 38 45 750 1000 108 136 1500 77 55 1640 189 i l l ! ) : I I
)
l l A-6 l
l t In Equations (A.2-4) and (A.2-5) Z is be roughess lenge of de soume 0 l (subscript 1) and downwind (subscript 2) regions and X is the downwind , ) distance. On the basis of Plate's (1972) presentation of Davenport's work the roughness lengths of the sea-surface source and of the near-shore re-l gion (bluff, containments, highway) can be estimated to be on the ordet f
-3 ) of 10 m and 1 m, respectively. The resulting approximations of internal l; boundary layer depths are given in Table A.2-4. ,
f ! i i i i
}
l 1 t ) i l ) i l l l ) i i I i i A-7 i
. . , . . _ , _ . . , _ . , _ . . _ _ _ _ .. - - . . , , _ - _ . . . , _ _ . _ . . . . . . _ . _ , , _ - , , _ . , . . _ . . . . . . . . . , _ _ _ , . . _ - _ _ _ . . . . - _ . - r
A.3 DISCUSSION O It is relatively easy to site meteorological equipment for making wind fluc-tuation measurements that are appropriate for gitund-level-release dis-persion calculations within the internal boundary layer, since those mea-g surements can be made relatively close to the ground. Thus most assured-ly they are within the layer's depth at a very short distance inland. How-ever, suitable locations for vertical 6T measurements are harder to find. Since a substantial vertical distance is required in order to characterize O the 6T within the TIBL, it is less certain whether the upper temperature sensor is within the internal boundary layer at short distances inland during cnshore flow. 9 From these approximations in Section A.2, it is seen that at an inland dis-tance of 500 m, for example, a 40-m tower may not always be situated en-tirely within the internal boundary layer (due to thermal or roughness O changes) for directly onshore winds. Nevertheless, the numerical average of each of the types of approximations for the range of reasonable variables presented would appear to exceed 40 m (Table A.3-1). O However, there are three other important aspects that must be considered:
- 1) possible bluff-induced turbulence, 2) the rather low frequency antici-pated for surface-based, stable, onshore flow, and 3) the higher frequency o"
of wind directions oblique to the shoreline. Figure A.3-1 shows the posi-tions of the various geographic locations in California and its coastal waters referred to here. O A.3.1 Bluff Effect It can be expected that the 30-m bluff along the shoreline at SONGS will produce enhanced local mixing during onshore flow. This initial mixing A-8 {
- O-
- TABLE A .3-1 20- INTERNAL BOUNDARY IAYER DEPTH BASED ON
. AVERAGED COMPOSITE OF TABLES A.2-1 THROUGH A.2-4 * .O Inland Mean Fetch (m) Depth Rance t
500 60m 20 to 173m O 750 75m 24 to 212m 1000 88m 28 to 245m 1500 109m 35 to 300m i
<O ,
s LO O O O O A-9
~ ~ .._
1 l D i OREGON
)
,5
. EUREKA J /
/
eLUNTS RE EF 0 100 200 Km ,, LIGHTSHIP l J o 1 1 f,
+
0 FORT POIN,T 9
' )
SAN FRANCISCO NEVADA l } MONTEREY p PT. CONCEPTION
- VANDENBERG AFB LOS ANGELES P. UGU O
PT. ARGUELL 0 # LONG BEACH SAN MIGUEL 15. O D / BALBOA SANTA ROSA IS. SAN CLEMENTE ARIZONA O SANTA CRUZ IS. k SAN ONOFRE ) y SAN NICHOLAS IS. k SAN DIEGO SANTA CATALIN A 13. PT. LOMA SAN CLEMENTE IS. OCE ANSIOE D e FIGURE A.3-1 MAP OF CALIFORNIA AND ADJACENT COASTAL WATERS D A-10
D. m. and turbulence caused by the bluff should 1 peed the growth of the internal boundary layer, such that the over-water source-region identity of the air O would be lost more rapidly than if the terrain at the shoreline were very small . Q During onshore flow at Oceanside, 35 km southeast of San Onofre and with similar terrain, and a 20- to 30-m bluff, the increased turbulence thought to be due to the bluff left only the 120 m level of a tower (100 m inland) above the internal boundary layer (Smith et al. ,1969). Noonkester (1976) observed by FM-CW radar at Pt. Loma, 70 km southeast of San Onofre, with similar terrain a tendency for onshore flow to be mixed, possibly due to the bluff, up to 100 m. 'O The net result of the increased turbulence due to the bluff would therefore, be an expected increase in the depth of the internal boundary layer, at any distance inland compared to those previously detennined (Tables A.2-1 LO through A. 2-4) . l l A.3.2 Over-Water Vertical Temperature Structure lC l As discussed in the introduction to Section A 3, in order to characterize the 6T within the TIBL, the tower should not penetrate the region of un-modified sea air above the TIBL. Nevertheless, this consideration becomes important only during onshore flow which is associated with a temperature difference between the source O and downwind regions; such is usually the case when a surface inver-sion moves inland off a cooler water surface over land with strong solar heating . On the other hand, if the lowest layers of air over the water surface are unstable and the sea and inland surface temperatures are g nearly the same, no significant modification of temperature structure O A-ll
a-will occur, so that it becomes of lesser concern whether or not 6T is measured completely in the internal boundary layer or not. A.3.2.1 General Characteristics ) The occurrence of stable onshore flow in the vicinity of San Onofre is expected to be rare. Although an elevated subtropical marine inversion is prominent over the California coastal waters, this synoptic charac-teristic (Edinger,1958) is usually associated with mixed neutral or un- ) stable air below it, down to the water surface. Stratus is frequently observed at the top of the mixed layer, at the inversion base. While some surhee-based inversions over water may be observed to the north ) along the United States coast, the occurrence approaches zero in the southern California coastal waters. During a year study 1967-1968, San-berg et al. (1970) found that the marine inversion base ranged from a low of 90 m to a high of 700 m, but was usually around 200-300 m. At Pt. ) Arguello, Smith (1964) observed numerous inversions and lapses during aircraft soundings 1 mi (-1.5 km) and 3 mi (-4.5 km) offshore with the strongest sea-surface based at +0.5 C/100 m. Edinger (1971) reported ) that at sea the marine layer (beneath the marine inversion) is close to neutral in stability, but in the 8 mi (~15 km) closest to the coast, it may become slightly stable. However, Edinger suspected that the stability change might be related to heating of the Santa Monica Mountains which ) are upwind of his study area in the prevailing flow. Edinger's conclusions were based on summer 1966 and summer 1967 observations between Point Mugu, Topanga Canyon, Catalina Island, and Santa Barbara Island, all ) northwest of the San Onofre site. Edinger referenced Neiburger's 1944-45 stratus .vestigation in which the average inversion base height increased from ab'. it 1000'ft just offshore of Santa Barbara to about 1600 ft just off-shore of San Onofre. DeMarrais et al. (1965) referred to another of Nei-burger's studies in which some aircraft soundings were made from Point Loma out to the west-northwest as much as 160 km during the year 1944-45. Y
- A-12
) Although the cold part of the year (from October on) has relatively weak shallow inversions aloft or no inversions, on one day an inversion from ) near-surface to 30 m was observed with a 2.5 C temperature increase with a shallow superadiabatic layer above it. Othenvise the nearly uni-formly weakly stable layer had a temperature gradient of about -1.5 C/ 1000 ft (-0.5 C/100 m). As to the validity of the shallow inversion and superadiabatic layers, however, DeMarrais commented that these may be the result of sampling techniques. Austin et al. (1974) described the climatology of low-level over water stability near San Diego as frequently being unstable due to a phenome-non associated with the frequent stratus over California coastal waters j (Edinger,1958; Williams,1966), especially in the summer. Austin et al. based preliminary findings on radiosonde measurements taken on the coast at Pt. Loma during spring and summer 1973 and on supporting inde-pendent observations. The explanation of predominantly unstable condi-tions below the marine inversion is based on the hypothesis that radia-tional cooling from the top of the stratus with a resultar.t downward flux of water droplets is the dominant factor in cooling the marine layer during ) fog formation. This, Austin et al. explain, is a reasonable explanation in the presence of a very broad ocean-temperature gradient offshore. A ! review of the monthly-mean sea-surface temperatures and mean air tem-peratures for the offshore San Onofre area (Naval Weather Service Com- ? mand,1971) confirms a frequent broad ocean-temperature gradient and a l year-round situation of ocean-surface temperatures higher than or the same f as the air, thus implying neutral to unstable conditions. A strongly stable onshore flow with a resulting contrasting TIBL is there-fore very unlikely because of the predominantly unstable to neutral tem-perature structure of the marine layer in the San Onofre coastal waters. A-13
} A.3.2.2 Seasonal and Diurnal Variability of the Marine Layer and the Marine Inversion ).: The variability of the marine layer and marine inversion in the California coastal waters has been described to a limited extent: D o Daytime aircraft sounding offshore of Pt. Loma--80 km southeast of San Onofre--in 1944-45 were summarized by DeMarrais et al. (1965) as indicating only twc wrts ) to the year. The warm part beginning in April or May is characterized by a shallow marine layer covered by a thick, intense inversion aloft. The cold part beginning ) about October or November has either relatively weak shallow inversions aloft or no inversions. The 2-sea-son year is also supported by other reports for the j greater Los Angeles area (Tiao, et al.,1975 and 1976; Stephens,1975; Giroux et al. ,1974), l l l ! o The semipermanent Pacific Anticyclone (which domi-nates all year round) reaches its most northern point in July and August. This results in a high incidence of fog and stratus along the northern California coast in sum-p mer (Williams, et al. ,1966) . o Long Beach, 75 km northwest of San Onofre, experi-ences low clouds from the ocean in late night and morning hours (NO) \,1975). Los Angeles Airport and Civic Center, 95 km northwest of San Onofre, NOAA, 1975) have similar clouds during the spring and summer, 3 accapanied by lignt fog (NOAA 1975) . Similar patterns follow in San Diego, 80 km southeast (NOAA,1975) . O ' A-14
O~ 3 [ Stratus clouds in coastal regions are often associated with O. low-level moisture and non-stable vertical temperature gradients (Huschke,1959).
, o Even as far north as San Francisco in the bay area (660 km L) northwest of San Onofre), the summer marine inversion has its lowest base from 90 m to 700 m, but usually at about 200 to 300 m (Sanberg et al. ,1970). As at other locations,
.O. the inversion base is deflected upwards along the hills, c In February 1974, the NOAA research vessel Oceanographer was used as an acoustic sounder observing platform g 100 km off of Baja, California; Mandies et al. (1975) in reporting various types of conditions mentioned only inversions that were elevated 150 m or more above the
- O ocean. In August (Rogers,1976), a research vessel
- observed a 0.5 C increase from sea surface to 20 m (+2.5 C/
100 m) but the upward exte11t of the inversion was unknown. lg The conditions were observed about 100 km west of San Francisco and have been observed in Monterrey Bay; the conditions are likely precursors of fog formation, which i makes the lowest layers neutral. The. precursor con- 'O ditions may be related to rather small-scale water vari-ations in water temperature. The extension of surface-based stable layers to the sourth down to the I.os Angeles O area is minimized by the sea-surface isotherms so that the air flow is over increasingly warmer waters (Wurtele, 1976, and Naval Weather Service Command,1971) . 'O O A-15
l o The diurnal pattern of the persistent subtropical tem-perature inversion above the marine air around Los
- h. Angeles has been well documented. Edinger et al.
< (1972) presented a series of observations of the daily rising and falling of the inversion as it moved inland on several consecutive days; occasionally D it was destroyed over higher terrain if the heating was sufficiently strong. During their July 1970 study, the marine layer in the Los Angeles basin ) was typical for that time of year, with a depth vary-ing from a few hundred to 2000 ft ( 100 to 600 m) Edinger's (1975) study with an acoustic sounder re-ported for the summer of 1974 showed similar vari-ation and intensities of the elevated subtropical inversion. ) In general, the summer-season marine inversion, although intense, will be elevated along the southern California coast. During typical daytime onshore flow the inversion normally lifts as the air moves inland towards j the mountains. In the cooler winter season the marine inversion is weak-l ened or nonexistent but some shallow, possibly surface-based inversions have been observed along the coast to the north of San Onofre. A.3.3 Overland Fetch i The overland fetch of the air in the downwind region is proportional to j 1/cos a, where a is the aeparture of the wind from normal to the shore-line. Figure A.3-2 shows the multiplier of inland distance as a function i of a. The onshore flow at San Onofre, which is normal to the shoreline, is at about 210 (SSW-SW) . Thus for a tower 600 m inland at San Onofre, a wind from 255 (45 from normal) has an overland fetch of 1.4 x 600 = 840 m. O A-16 i
D l l .) l San Onofre Wind Direction (degrees north reference) ; 220' 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
- 210.* 2'00 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 15 I I 1 I !
l l l l i : 3 14 - g i a i i i i
' I i 13 -
i l i i [ 12 - i l t - i l ' u i i
$ 11
{ i I - ._, _S jo _________-______f___ _ ____,'________4_ _ > c ; 2 9 - l l l i _ i i i
$ I 1
g 8 - l l l - 3 i I 6 7 - 1 l l l - a Ie 6 - I l l - - I i i 3 5
--------F-------+i --------+-------
i I h -- - 4 - l I l
' I 3 - 1 1 i
i i l 2 l 3 l l I ' ' '
' i l I 1
O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 a, Departure of the Onshore Wind from the Shoreline Normal (degrees) 3 3 m A FIGURE A.3-2 INLAND DISTANCE MULTIPLIER AS A FUNCTION OF WIND ANGLE TO SHORELINE O A-17 D
D On the basis of the annual wind rose at the 10-m bluff tower for the period of January 25, 1975 to January 24,1976 (Septoff et al. ,1976) the estimated I frequency of various multipliers can be estimated (Table A.3-2). From Table A.3-1 it is possible to conclude that during onshore flow the over-land fetch to an inland tower at San Onofre is double or more the inland g distance approximately 57 percent of the time. 3 J D 3 0 0 0 O A-18 I
T TABLE A. 3- 1 APPROXIMATE SAN ONOFRE WIND DIRECTION FREQUENCY AND INLAND DISTANCE MULTIPLIERS This table is based on 1/75 to 1/7610 m Bluff Tower Data (Septoff et al. , 1967). Inland Distance Multiplier Times Inland Distance Equals Overland g Fetch. The direction and total frequencies have been rounded. Onshore Wind Direction Wind Direction B Wind Frequency (%) of Fmquency (%) of Inland Distance Direction (All Directions) (Onshore Ontv) Multiolier SE 7 12 4 SSE 7 12 2 S 6 10 1 SSW 6 10 1 SW 6 10 1 O WSW 7 12 1 W 10 17 2 W>tW 9 16 4 ) TOTAL 58 100 0 D e A-19
A.4 CONCLUSIONS h ;n conclusion, at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station,1) it is un-likely that a stable onshore (normal to the shoreline) flow with a distinct TIBL will occur, so that a supplemental 40-m tower 600 m inland is not expected to span the transition zone from downwind modified air up into source region sea air. Further, 2) it is expected that the most stable sea-surfaceubased layer that could be expected to advect onshore at San Onofre would und to be shallow and to occur in the colder half of the ) year. This two-part conclusion is based upon the following summary of considerations:
- 1. The warm half of the year is associated with strong mar-
) ine inversions, but these inversions are elevated and tend to be deflected epward along the hills during on-shore flow. At sea these inversions are associated with ) stratus clouds.
- 2. With the exception of one questionable observation in-volving a very shallow layer, observations reported in
) the literature indicate that the strongest cases of sea-surface-based stability occur in winter, although these stabilities are not nearly as strong as those observed in N the summer elevated marine inversions.
- 3. The marine layer below the elevated marine inversion
) tends to be unstable to slightly stable (towards the neu-tral side of isothermal). This has been confirmed by ! acoustic sounder observations of mixing temperature pro-files, and is supported by the frequent presence of stra-tus clouds during the summer half of the year. ? A-20
,m.
)
- 4. Without taking into account any orographic deflection from the land, the TIBL under the most stable condi-tions reasonably expected (+0.5 C/100 m) could possibly just miss including the top of a 40-m tower
) 500 to 750 m inland for a directly onshore wind; and under condition of onshore flow undergoing a rough-ness modification only, the internal boundary layer might also not rise above a tower. However, up-3 ward deflection and increased overland fetch asso-ciated with winds not directly onshore reduce this possible occurrence to remote. D In consideration of the over-water atmospheric stability, the various esti-mates of growth of internal boundary layer during onshore flow, and the fre-quency of the wind from non-shoreline-normal onshore flows other than nor-3 mal to shore, it is recommended that a temporary 40 m tower at San Onofre be located at a minimum inland distance of 600 m in order to reduce the likelihood of the tower reaching through and above the depth of the internal O boundary layer during onshore flow. O O l 3 q A-21
) REFERENCES )
- 1. Austin, L. B. and V. R. Noonkester, July 26, 1974: Statistics on Surface-Based Superadiabatic Layers Over the Ocean Near South-ern California (tentative and unpublished). Naval Electronic Lab-oratory Center, San Diego, California.
D
- 2. DeMarrais, G. E. , G. C. Holzworth, and C. H. Hosler,1965:
Meteorological Summaries Pertinent to Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Over Southern California. Technical Paper No. 54, l U. S. Weather Bureau. D 3. Edinger, J. G. , September 1958: Research Problems on the Mete-i orology of Los Angeles Air Pollution. Department of Meteorology UCLA, Contract CWB-9309 of the U. S. Weather Bureau.
- 4. Edinger, J. G. , April 22-24, 1975: Acoustic Sounding of the Low-l est One and One-Half Kilometers Over Los Angeles. Preprints of 16th Radar Meteorology Conference, Houston, Texas, American Meteorological Society.
1
- 5. Edinger, J. G. , M. G. Wurtele, April 15, 1971
- Marine Layer 9 Over Sea Test Range. Pacific Missile Range Technical Publica-l tion PMR-TR-71.
- 6. Edinger, J. G. , M. H. McCutchan, P. R. Miller, B. C. Ryan, M. J. Schroeder, and J. V. Beher, November 1972: Penetration C and Duration of Oxidant Air Pollution in the South Coast Air Basin of California. Tournal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 22:11, 882-886.
- 7. Giroux, B. D. , L. E. Hauser, L. H. Teuscher, and P. E. Tester-man, September 9-13, 1974: Power Plant Plume Tracing in the lC Southern California Marine Layer. Preprints of Symposium on At-mospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution, Santa Barbara, California, i
American Meteorological Society. l !g 8. Huschke, R. E. ,195 9: Glossarv of Meteorolocy. American Mete-orological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, 547.
- 9. Lyons, W. A and L. E. Olsson, May 1973: Detailed Mesomete-orological Studies of Air Pollution Dispersion in the Chicago Lake Breeze . Monthly Weather Review, 101:5, 387-403.
O
- 10. Mandics, P. A. and E. J. Owens, September,1975: Observations of the Marine Atmosphere Using a Ship-Mounted Acoustic Echo Sounder. Toumal of Apolied Meteorolocy, 14:6, 1113-1115.
O A-22
O.
- 11. Martin, G. , June 1976: Performance of Several Recent Formulations for Rate of Growth of Boundary Layers Near Shorelines, abstract, Tournal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 57:6, 759,
- 12. Mitchell. A. E. , Jr. , June 1975: Growth of the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer During the Lake Breeze and Stable Onshore Flow.
NUS-TM-S-206, NUS Corporation, Rockville, Maryland. C 13. NOAA, 1975: Local Climatological Data - San Diego, Los Angeles International Airport and Civic Center, Long Beach. Annual Sum-mary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
- 14. NOS , 1970: Surface Water Temperature and Density - Pacific 9 Coast. NOS-31-3, National Ocean Survey, NOAA, U . S . Depart-ment of Commerce.
- 15. Naval Weather Service Command, March 1971: Climatological Study - Southern California Operating Area. NWSED Asheville.
O
- 16. Noonkester, V. R. , August 2,1976: Private Communication Re-garding Vertical Remote Sensing at Pt. Loma, Naval Electronics Laboratory Center, San Diego, California.
- 17. Plate , E. J. ,1971: Aerodynamic Characteristics of Atmosoheric
'O Boundary Layers. AEC Critical Review Series, U. S. Atomic Ener-gy Commission. l 18. Raynor, G. S. et al. , September 9-13, 1974: A Research Program g on Atmospheric Diffusion from an Oceanic Site. Brookhaven Na-tional Laboratory, Symposium on Atmospheric Diffusion and Air i Pollution, Santa Barbara, Califomia, 289-295. l
- 19. Rogers, William, August 20, 1976: Private Communication re-garding California coastal fog / stratus studies. CALSPAN, Buffalo, O New York.
- 20. Sandberg, J. S. et al. , September 1973: Fluorescent Tracer Stu-dies of Pollutant Transport in the San Francisco Bay Area. Tournal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 20:9.
O
- 21. Septoff, M. and L. Teuscher, April 1976: Report of Tracer Tests Conducted at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. For the Southem California Edison Company , by NUS Corporation, Rock-ville, Maryland, NUS-1702 (Interim).
O 22 Smith, T. B. and B. L. Niemann, November 1969: Shoreline Dif-fusion Program, Oceanside, California. Vol.1 and 2, technical report, MRI-69-FR-860. O A-23
b
- 23. Smith, T. B. et al. , July 31, 1964: Micrometeorological Investi-gation of the Naval Missle Facility, Point Arguello, Califomia, MRI-64-FR-167, Vol.1 and 2, Meteorology Research Incorporated. -
Q
- 24. Stephens, E. R. , May 1975: Chemistry and Meteorology in an Air Pollution Episode, Tournal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
25:5, 521-524. O 25. Sutton, O. G. ,1953: Micrometeoroloov. McGraw-Hill Book Com-pany, Inc. , New York, 77, 233, 234.
- 26. Turner, D. B. ,1970: Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Esti-ma te s . Public Health Service, Publication No. 999-AP-26, 36-37.
- 27. Tiao, G. C. , G. E. P. Box, and W. J. Hamming, November 1975:
l A Statistical Analysis of the Los Angeles Ambiont Carbon Monox-ide Data 1955-1972. Toumal of the Air Pollution Control Associa-tion , 25: 11, 1129- 113 6. l
- 28. Tiao, G. C. , M. S. Phadke, and G. E. P. Box, May 1976: Some l Empirical Models for the Los Angeles Photochemical Smog Data.
l Tournal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 26:5, 485-490. C 29. Van Der Hoven, I. , Sept.-Oct. ,1967: Atmospheric Transport and l Diffusion at Coastal Sites. Nuclear Safety, 8:5, 490-499.
- 30. Wurtele, M. G. , August 20, 1976: Private Communication regard-ing marine inversion studies in the greater Los Angeles basin with
$ Dr. James Edinger, Atmosoheric Sciences Department, University of California at Los Angeles.
O I i O
^O .o A-24
)
3 D r
)
3 APPENDIX B g FIELD OPERATION WORK INSTRUCTIONS 3 e J O l l D 1 1
3 tNLS _ CORPORAT.ON Specification / Procedure No. 5.1.12.16 O Title SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorolocical Field Operation Procedures O Client Southern California Edison Company This title page is a record of all revisions of the specification / procedure. O Each time the specification / procedure is changed, only the new or revised pages are issued, For convenience, the nature of the revision is briefly noted under remarks, but these remarks are not a part of the specification / procedure. C Issue Prepared Required Affected Remarks Rev. By Approvals Pages Date g 0 Septoff Original Is sue . O O l . l
.)
l i g Distribution: O
Number: 5.1.12.16 Page 1 of 20 Revision: Ef fective Date: Approved: ) SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological subi.ct: Field Operation Procedures )
Introduction:
A comprehensive Quality Assurance program will be employed to ensure adherence to all applicable procedures of the test design. The test director will be responsible for the meteorological assessments necessary ) for test authorizations. A meteorological system checklist will be used for each test day, a test authorization form (or supplemental test form) will be completed before the start of any test. A preliminary evaluation of the meteorological data will be made before transmittal to NUS Corporation, Rockville, Maryland office. The following checklists are included in the indicated appendix of this work } instruction: App. B .1.1 Meteorological System Checklist App. B .1.2 Onsite Evaluation of the SONGS Meteorological Data ) App. B .1. 3 SONGS Meteorological Data Shipping Form App. B .l .4 Test Authorization Form App. B .1.5 Supplemental Test Authorizadon Form ) l l I
~
O 3 0 0 0 APPENDIX B.1.1 Mete rological System Checklist O O O O O O
} s*i"" 5.1.12.16 P. 3 se 20-SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n.,,,;on uo, o ,,, ,,,,, Field Operation Procedures 0 ) SONGS METEOROLOGICAL CHECKLIST ) Date Test Numbers
- 1. Assessment of meteorology - fill out test authorization form.
) 2. If testing is approved, new data tapes for the incremental data recorders should be intialle d. Chart speeds for the associated recorders for the bluff 40 meter tower and inland 40 meter tower should be increased to 3 inches per minuto (from the normal 3 inches per hour). Chart speeds for the 10 meter masts and the beach auxiliary mast and 120 foot beach tower should not be changed from the normal 3 inches per hour. The } following procedures should be followed to perform these tasks: (The bh ff tower recorders c.nd incremental data recorder are located in the Unit 1 containment control room, beach tower recorders for both the 120 foot tower and the 35 foot mast are in a trailer located at the base of the 120 foot beach tower, obtain key fiom Bechtet security guard. The inland tower recorders and incremental data recorder are located ) in a trailer at the base of the inland 40 meter tower. The recorders for the 10 meter masts are located at the base of each most.) 2.1 Incremental Data Recorder a) obtain new tapo from supply closet b) rewind old tapo and place in box c) label box with date, time, and location d) thread now tape on recorder 2.2 Analog Strip Charts a) record the time, date, level, location, and technician's , name on each chart b) for the 40 meter bluff and 40 meter inland towers insert a new roll of chart paper for each parameter. For all other charts make sure enough paper is available for the day's nm, otherwise ) c) change chart roll, perform a zero check, record time, dato, level, location, and i technician's name on nach chart d) for the 40 meter bluff and 40 meter inland tower increase enart speed to 3 inches per minuto
)
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n Steiect: Numtm: d' 5.1.12.16 PIce 4 ef 20 SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological a.m.,,, , u,, o,,, go, Field Operation Procedures 0 Bluff Tower chart speeds increased to 3"/ min, charts annotated { , time: data tape changed _. , time: C.. Inland Tower , Chart speeds increased to 3"/ min, charts annotated , time: data tape changed C , time: n" Beach Tower - 120 ft charts annotated C , time: Beach Auxiliarv Mast O charts annotated O , time: Hill Mast I charts annetated , time: n" Hill Mast 2 charts annotated C , time: Bluff Mast 3 0 charts annotated a , time: e) make sure site log for occh system is up-to-dato.
- 3. As per the tost design-tracer release, collection, and analysos check that all field procedures are being followed, forms are being O filled out, smoke re!caces are being mado, etc. .
- 4. Monitor meteorological data for changes, in accordance with the Test Authorization Form. No later than 15 minutes before end of test a deciclon is to be mado en next tost. If criteria are not being mot, g complete current test, stop testing, and determine if any more tests may be conducted that day. If not, perform Step 6. Otherwise ,
complete Supplemental Test Authorization Form. If ra.oro than 5 hours would pass before completion of the test, chango charts at the bluff and inland towers in accordance with Step 2 (thoro is enough chart , paper for 5} hours of high speed runs). O O ,
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- 5. 1. 12. 16 p. S .t 20 l
SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological a. .. u.. o.i. ivow: Field Operation Procedures 0
- 5. At several times during the day all meteorological charts should be monitored for proper operation and should have time marks recorded O on the charts (PST) so as, to aid in data reduction.
- 6. At the conclusion cf the test day, perform the following:
l 6.1 Incremental Data Recorder i a) obtain new tape from supply closet Q b) rewind old tape and place in box l c) label box with date, time, location, and test numbers d) thread new tapo on recorder 6.2 Analog strip Charts
) a) record the time, date, level, location, test numbers, and l
J technician's name on each chart l b) for the bluff and inland towers decrease chart speed to 3"/Fr c) insert new roll of chart paper for all recorders d) p rf rm a zer heck, record time, date, level, location, O and technician's name on all charts e) review each site log for maintenance or calibration per-formed which might affect recorded data Bluff Tower O chart speeds decreased to 3"/hr, charts annotated O , time: data tape changed O , time: Inland Tower hart speeds decreased t 3"/hr . h res ann tat d O , time: O data tape changed O , time: Beach Tower - 120 foot charts annotated O , time: C Beach Auxiliarv Mast charts annotated O , time: Hills Mast 1 O , time: O charts annotated O P
I ) sei u Numb.r:
- 5. 1. 12 . 16 e. 6 et 20 __
SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorologica1 n .... u.. o. . .. w. Field Operation Procedures 0 0 Hill Mast 2 C , time: b charts annotated Bluff Me it 3
, time:
ch-.ts annotated 0 Alldata tapes and analog strip charts for the period of the f) . tests should be boxed and each box labelled according to , the day, time, type of mast, with the technician's name, location, level, and numbar of tests. In addition, each chart and box should be numbered according to the procedures set forth in Appendix B.1.2, Onsite Evaluation of Meteorological O Da ta . i l l h-l l c i b r
O O O O O APPENDIX B.1.2 O Onsite Evaluation of Meteorological Data O O O O O
Number: )'- sei.ai
- 5. 1. 12. 16 P. 8 o 20
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SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n.... no. o,i, i,.ow . Field Operation Procedures 0 ) . ONSITE EVALUATION OF SONGS METEOROLOGICAL DATA ) After completion of a day's testing (within 48 hours), the test director (TD) or his designate shall perform an evaluation of the analog chart data to de-termine any instnament problems (i.e. , inking problems, spiking, clipping, power failurcs, etc.) . The attached Onsite Data Evaluation Form will be 3 completed, which will contain the following basic information:
- 1) Date of review of charts, the data period covered by the set of charts, and signature of the test director, or his
] designate, who reviews the charts.
- 2) All charts and tapes shall be assigned an. identification number which shall be placed both on each chart and on the evaluation form. Identification numbering shall be serially in chron-
] . ological order according to the following designations: 10 WDB L- 1,2*, e tc . Wind direction - 10 meter level Bluff Towen Wind speed - 10 meter level Bluff Towen 10 WSBL-1,2, etc. I ! Wind direction - 40 meter level Bluff Towen 40 WDBL-1,2, etc. Wind speed - 40 meter level Bluff Towen 40 WSBL-1,2, etc. O BL 6T 40-1,2, etc. Temperature differential - Bluff Tower (40-10m): Bluff Tower Tapo - All Levels BL Tape -1,2, etc. 10 WDIN-1,2, etc. Wind direction - 10 meter level Inland Towen Wind speed - 10 meter level Inland Towen 10 WSIN - 1,2, etc. i Wind direction - 40 meter level Inland Tcwen 40 WDIN-1,2, etc. Wind speed - 40 meter level Inland Towen 40 WSIN -1,2, etc.
*Refors to test numbers performed for the period of record for this chart; thus O a given chart may have one or more identifiers, such as -10wDat-s, or
" 10WD BL- 10,11,12" .
O
b s4; : Number: Page g g g 5.1.12. 6 SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n.m.on u.. ou. w: Field Operation Procedures 0 O' Temperature differential'- Inland Tower (10-40m): IN 40 - 1,2, etc. Temperature differential - Inland Tower (25-40m): IN 25 - 1,2, etc. Inland Tower Tape - All Levels O IN Tape -1,2, etc. Wind direction - 30 foot level Beach Tower: 30 WDB -1,2, etc. Wind speed - 30 foot level Beach Tower: 30 WSB -1,2, etc. O Wind dir*Ct1 " - 120 foot level Beach Tower: 120 wDB-1,2, etc. Wind speed - 120 foot level Beach Tower: 120 WSB -1,2, etc. Temperature differential - Beach Tower: (120f t-20ft) B AT120 -1,2, etc. v Wind direction - Beach Auxiliary: 10 WDHI-1,2, etc. Wind speed - Beach Auxiliary: 10 WSHI-1,2, etc. O ~ Wind direction - Hill Mast 1: 10 WDH1-1,2, etc. Wind speed - Hill Mast 1: 10 WSH1 -1,2, etc. Wind direction - Hill Mast 2: 10 WSH2-1,2, etc. O wind speed - Hiil Mast 2: 10 wSH2-1,2, etc. Wind direction - Bluff Mast 3: 10 WDB3-1,2, etc. Wind speed - Bluff Mast 3: 10 WSB3 -1,2, etc.
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- 3) The on-off times shall be recorded for each chart. ,
- 4) Any instrument problems (i.e., inking failures, spiking,
- O c!!pping, power failures, etc.) shall be indicated on the Onsito Data Evaluation form for each chart, i
j 5) A summary section for each parameter detailing the period O of time and reasons why it should not be reduced, i lO
) sei.a: mas.r:
- 5. 1.12.16 P.v. 10 ce 2Q SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n.. . w. o.i. e.,.a:
Field Operation Procedures 0 ) The TD shall review the strip charts for ancmalous meteorological conditions, spurioun data, and possible equipment malfunctions. Invalid data are to be indicated on the strip chart and the Onsite Data Evaluation form with a brief description of the reason why the data is considered to be invalid. Detection of equipment malfunctions er the possibility of equipment malfunc-tion shall be recorded on the Onsite Data Evaluation sheet and brought to the b attention of SCE (Jack Brunton), a.c. 213-572-2644. Only upon resolution of the problem and appropriate entries on the Onsite Data Evaluation Sheet may the questionable data be reduced or processed. Documentation of the reso-lution must be prepared by the TD on a Data Reduction Corrective Action Memo O which is sent to the files and to the Data Reduction Coordinator. On the Data Reduction Corrective Action Memo the TD shall explain the r.sture and resolu-l tion of the problems, and, when appropriate, the data correction factors used and their justification. SCE shall provide to the TD complete calibration and tost documents for the meteorological system before a correction factor can . h l be applied. Correction factors, as determined by SCE and verified by the TD, shall be recorded by the TD in the Data Reduction Corrective Action Memo. l l C The completed Co.7ective Action Memo for each alleged malfunction will serve as the reference for resolving the malfunction, and recording same on the bot-tom of the Onsite Data Evaluation Form. 1 O 4 'O 1 O O
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5.1.12.16 Pace 11 rif 20 SONGS Onshore Tracer Metcorological n ,,,,,, u ,, o , ,, , ,,, Field Operation Procedures 0 1 G Page _of_
'US CORPORATION ONSITE DATA EVALUATION PORM Southern California Edison - SONGS Period Mot l Equiptnent Covered Variable Malfunction '
Chart and On- and Cornments or data i No. Off Time Lowl problom (PST) detected ? Yes No q J Data logger tape
.i) Data logger tape Test flumbers Benin Time End Time PST PST PST PST
' PST PST PST PST
SUMMARY
l lc3 1%) TD Signaturc / Date P.csolution of problem, summary and cormctive ac' ion mer.o ? Concurring APM 31 gnat re / Date
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5.1.12.16 no. 12 cr 20 SONGS Onshora Trac:r MetTorological nen u.. om ios: Field Operation Procedures 0 ) ~ DATA REDUCTION CORRECTIVE ACTION MEMO TO: DRC/ Project Filo FROM: Test Director i DATE: SU BJECT: SONGS Meteorological Malfunction , Tower Site Level TEST NUMBERS INCLUDED: NATURE OF SYSTEM MALFUNCTION: ) l RESOLUTION OF PROBLEM: ] . I APPLICABLE DATA CORRECTION FACTOR
- AND PERIODS:
.g Approved:
- Manager, Meteorological Programs Signature DRC confarming incorporation of correction factor:
i Date: Comment: O r
- Reference documenting the errors:
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r D D D APPENDIX B.l .3 3 SONGS Meteorological Strip Charts and Magnetic Tape Shipping Form O D D D O
g soni.et: Num w
- 5. 1. 12. 16 h e. 14 o 20 SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n.... a No. on w:
Field Operation Procedures 0 D Each chart or tape shall be placed in a labelled box that is identified with the chart identification number, meteorological variable, and data period. D A ccpy of the Onsite Data Evaluation Form and SONGS Metecrological Data Shipping Form shall be mailed to NUS via Certified Mail within two (2) days of collection to: ) NUS Corporation 4 Research Place Rockville, Maryland 20850
, ATTN: Safeguards, Data Reduction Group J
The Co-tified Mail receipt should be attached to the onsite data evaluation , form and both shall be placed in the Onsite Project Files. When the Return Receipt is received it shall be included in the Onsite Project Files. One copy of the shipping form shall be sent under separa'te cover to the Assistant Project Meteorologist at NUS Corporation, Rockville, Maryland, and a second copy shall be placed in the Onsite Project Files. D
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. 34 egg: Number: .
5.1.12.16 e. 15 o 20 ' SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n.m u.. o. . iue Field Operation Procedures 0 J SONGS METEOROLOGICAL DATA SHIPPING PORM The following are included in this shipment: _ Meteorological Chart / Tape Period . Location Variable Nu mber Covered Bluff 10 m wind direction 40 meter 10 m wind speed , O Tower 40 m wind direction , 40 m wind speed , 6T (40m-10m) primary DATA TAPE Inland 10 m wind direction 40 meter 10 m wind speed , Tower 40 m wind direction 40 m wind speed 6T (40m-10m) ~ 6T (40m-25m) DATA TAPE Beach 30 ft wind direction i Q Tower 30 ft wind speed 120 ft wind direction , 120 ft wind speed 6T (12 Cft-20f t) , Beach 10 m wind direction ,O Auxiliary Mast 10 m wind speed ! Hill Mast i 10 m wind direction ' j 10 m wind speed Hill Mast 2 10 m wind direction i 10 m wind speed O Bluff Mast 3 10 m wind direction : 10 m orind speed Test Director (or Designea) Signature l [
- O 3 Copies: (1) Orginal with shipment (2) Copy sent under separate cover to the assistant project meteorologist at NUS Corporation, ,
Rockvillo, Maryland : (3) Copy placed in Onsito Project Files
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J J D D APPENDIX B.1.4 Test Authorization Form (J r 9 L,3
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sudi.n: Numbw: 5.1.12.16 P ge 17 Cf 20 SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n . , ,, .. ,, u .. o.,, ,,,w : Field Operation Procedures 0 D TEST AUT1!ORIZATION FORM This form is to be used to record the meteorological forecasts used to deter-mine whether a dispersion tost will be run (GO or NO GO). The preliminary I and follow-up assessments will be based on data obtained at the National Weather Service station at San Diego using the synoptic weather maps and hourly sequences for San Diego and Oceanside / Camp Pendleton, as well as site measurements.
- 1. Preliminary Assessment date/ time D
Contact San Diego NWS station, examine synoptic weather maps and hourly sequences for the area and forecast for the probability that the criteria of onshore flow with low to moderate wind speeds will be met. Notify Lynn C Touscher (714-459-0211 work: 714-416-0198 home), or his designeo, if assessment is CO or NO GO (circle one). Summary of assessment: J
- 2. Final Assessment Oust prior to a test) date/ time J i Examine site meteorological date. at both the bluff and inland towers for the following meteorological conditions. For both towers,10 meter wind data and temperature differential between 10 meters and 40 meters should be j' examined for onshore flow (SE through WNW: 135 -325 ) with low (5.2. 5 mph) to moderato (>2.5 mph to 9 mph) wind speeds. Notify Lynn Teuscher, or his designce, of reruits of assessments. If assessment is GO, increase chart speeds (use checklist).
GO or NO GO (circle one). 3 7
# Numbr:
Mi+* ' ) '5.1.12.16 p.,. 18 ce 20 SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n.m n uo. o.i. n,w: Field Operation Procedures 0 ) Summary of Assessment: ) Date: Time: Signature of person performing assessment: If decision is GO, complete as test proceeds.
. Day of Week Date
) Te st No. Begin Time PST (24 hr clock) Type of Run Unit 1 Units 2/3 Ground Level Ground Leve1 O Elevated O Elevated O l l Test Weather: clouds / sun visibility temperature other
) time I time 2 _
time 3 time 4 _ e Tost End Time PST (24 hr clock) t i Test Dilution Potential Class (circle 1): most restrictive, moderately, least Test Wind Direction Class (circle 1): southerly, direct, northerly ] e
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O O O O O APPENDIX B. l .5 l O supplemental Test Authorization l l 4 O l l 10 l l 10 iO
# subi.a: some.n 5.1.12.16 e o. 20 cf 20 SONGS Onshore Tracer Meteorological n.m on u.. on.iuuw:
Field Operation Procedures 0
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4 AUTHORIZATION FORM SUPPLEMENTAL TEST Assessment (to be oerformed 15 minutes before end of current test) 4 Examine sito meteorological data at both the bluff and inland towers for onshore flow (ESD through WNW: 135 to 325 ), and low L2.5 mph) to moderate ( 2.5 to 9 mph) wind speeds. Notify Lynn Teuscher, or his designee, of results of assessment. GO or NO GO (circle one) Summary of Assessment: s Day of Week Date Time _ Signature of person performing the assessment: O - If decision is GO, complete as test proceeds Test No. Begin Time PST (24 hr clock) Type of Run Unit 1 Units 2/3 Q Ground LovelC Ground Level O Elevated O tievated Test Weather: clouds / sun visibility eemperatura other c time I time 2 time 3 time 4 r~) Test End Time: PST (24 hr clock) Test Dilution Potential Class (circio one): most restrictive, moderately, Icast g Test Wind Direction Class (circle one): southerly, direct, northerly
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4 +m44d- A L,m+- e3)---, ,a.4 e.Ae - - 4l 4 3 .$-iw-4su% .m 4 i @ .*-4,yJ p- 4 _ s.m.24- 4-.de.-- L .,J%&&m34 4f d & ,-la444 w.m_w j L .A T l i-l' l. l APPENDIX C DETAILED JOB PROCEDURES FOR THE SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION (SONGS) l ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION FIELD TESTS
) )
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9 1 } # ) . JP-02 : h- . DETAILED JOD PROCEDURES FOR THE . SAN ONOFRE NdCLEAR GENERATING STATION (SONGS) g ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION FIELD TESTS O 1 t l l g DRAFT f O l
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[ SCIENCE APPLICATIONS. LA JOLLA. CALIFORNIA ALBUQUERQUE . ANN ARBOR e ARLINGTON . ATLANTA . BOSTON . CHICAGO . HUNTSVILLE i i i j LOS ANGELES . McLEAN . P'ALO ALTO + SANTA BARBAR A. SUNNYVALE . TUCSON . P O. Bos 2251,1200 Proscoct Street, La Jona. CahforNa 92037 1 lO ! c-2 _ . _ _ __. _ . _ .- _ . _ _ .--_ ~ . _ _ _ _ _ - . _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ , . . . _ , _ - _ _ , _ _
) SUBJECT FORM PAGE 1
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1 TITLE PAGE g g HEVISION NO. DATE
' El 0 8-30-76 APPROVAL D
DETAILEO JOB PROCEDURES FOR THE SAN ONOFRE NUCLEAP. GENERATING STATION (SONGS) ATliOSPHERIC DISPERSION FIELD TESTS J DRAFT J (THESE PROCEDURES ARE NOT COMPLETE AT THIS TIME. AFTER SELECTION OF SECOND TRACER AND LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS, THE FINAL PROCEDURES WILL BE COMPLETED.) D 9 . O APPROVED: O L. H. Teuscher L. E. llauser SAI Program Manager SAI Quality Assurance . Procram Mnnacer O , C-3 ,
) SUDJECT FOllM PAGE 1 JP- OF 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS g7 REVISION NO. DATE ] - - 7 0 8-30-76 APPROVAL 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 SAI FIELD TEST DIRECTOR 3.0 SAI FIELD TEST TECHNICIANS 4.0 RELEASE OF TRACER AND SMOKE 5.0 OPERATION OF TRACER MASS FLOWMETER 6.0 ONSITE LABORATORY PROCEDURES 3 ' 7.0 G.C. SPAN TESTING 8.0 BAG SAMPLE ANALYSIS 9.0 SEQUENTIAL BAGGER OPERATION 10.0 MOBILE SF 6 SAMPIsING , 11.0 GENERAL EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION PROCEDURES 12.0 USE OF CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT 3 13.0 CALIBRATION OF CHART RECORDERS ' \ 14.0 ELECTRONIC CALIBRATION OF G.C. O 15.0 SPAN GAS CALIBRATION 16.0 DATA ANALYSIS - 3 APPENDIX 1: SONGS FIELD TEST FORMS t O D
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SUBJECT , FORM PAGE 1 Jp-02 Op 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
, g REVISION NO. DATE
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ArYROVAL In accordance with the provisions of the Science Applications, Inc., (SAI) Quality Assurance program, document QAp-04, ) specific job procedures are to be identified and documented to insure successful program design and execution within quality assurance standards. , This document describes the job procedures associated with the gaseous dispersion tests to be conducted at the San ) Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) under contract to NUS Corporation for the Southern California Edison Company. These procedures describe the approved technical procedurcs to be implemented by SAI personnel during the conduct of any test. The task descriptions will be as complete as possible; W however, since this particular type of testing is specialized, J field conditions may dictate that plans be rapidly changed. In addition, specialized procedures for preparation of span gas, calibration of equipment, and ana' lysis of experimental data are documented herein. , J It is to be noted that several of the proc'durese require personnel skills of a high level in a specialized area. The qualifications of all personnel used in such instances, and the assignment of them to these specialized tasks, will be documented and approved. D l [ J . D
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9 FORM PAGE 1 SULUECT 2.0 SAI FIELD TEST r d*'. Jp-02 OF 1 DIR TOR 8 REVISION NO. DATE g 26I O' 8-30-76 APPROVAL SAI FIELD TEST DIRECTOR D The Field Test Director is responsible for direction of the complete test program, with assurance that all procedures are properly followed. He has authority to make the necessary decisions as to changes required to accomplish the desired goals. The tasks to be accomplished are as follows: U 1. Upon NUS request, alert the SAI technicians of planned test.
- 2. Notify crew of go-ahead decision and instruct to arrive at site at the designated time for planned test.
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- 3. Verify that sufficient bags are available for planned tests.
- 4. Arrive at site in sufficient time to organize test plan.
O 5. Prepare the test plan documents for each crew member and distribute them to the appropriate personnel.
- 6. At the conclusion of each test collect sufficient data to verify that the tests are being properly conducted.
O 7. Determine if background tracer concentrations are suffi-ciently reduced so that they will have an insignificant effect on the next test period. .
- 8. Report to the NUS Test Director the general conduct of g ,
the test program.
- 9. At the end of the day, insure that all data have been collected and taken to the office for analysis.
It is expected that for the SONGS study the Field Test - D Director function will be performed by the SAI Program Manager. O
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SULULCT , 6-O HM PAGE 1 3.0 SAI FIELD TEST - JP-02 OF 1 TECl!NICIANS 8 nEVISION NO. DATE ) 8 = 0' 8-30-7G i APPROVAL SAI FIELD TEST TECl!NICIANS All field crew member's will be certified as qualified to ) perform their designated tasks by the SAI Program Manager and the QA Program Managor. On-the-job training will be sufficient to provide instruction in proper quality proce-dures for most field program tasks., Documentation of certification will be provided on Form NUS-9. For technical ) areas requiring more sophisticated and specialized skills, a Form NUS-1 will be completed for the crew member so as-signed. The field crew is to arrive at the test site at the time designated by the Field Test Director and meet with the Test ) Director to receive information concerning current program status and a test plan sheet outlining the specific tasks to be accomplished. e
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) SUNECT FORM PAGE 1
'., J -02 OF 2 4.0 RELEASE OF TRACER ll AND SMOKE REVISION NO. DATE
) .A APPROVAL 0 8-30-76 TRACER RELEASE MONITORING AND SHOKE RELEASE ) The tracer monitoring of flow release and the release of smoke grenades to give visual observation of the smoke patterns will be the responsibility of one. person. His activities will be as listed.in the attached job description - sheet. His primary responsibility is to assure the proper 3 amounts of SF 6 and secondary tracer are released and that a J satisfactory release of smoke candles occurs when scheduled. Detailed Procedure for Smoke Release and Tracer Release
- 1. Arrive at site at time scheduled by SAI Program Manager.
) 2. Meet with SAI Field Test Director and obtain test plan cheet.
- 3. Proceed to the area where the tracer release systems are to be located. Inspect the systems to assure that no
) damage has occurred since the last test. If anything appears questionable, advise Field Test Director so that a judgment can be made as to delay of test.
- 4. Set up and turn on equipment. Adjust system for planned l release point and perform flowmeter calibration check in
) accordance with calibration procedure.
- 5. Using "snoop" check all fittings and connections for -
leaks.
- 6. Check availability of required smoke grenades, and assure fire extinguisher is available at smoke release point.
Smoke grenades to be stored in lab trailer except during actual test period.
- 7. Using test plan (SAI-SONGS-T-1) obtained from SAI Field Test Director, conduct required tracer and smoke release.
) Smoke to be released at beginning of tracer release and cach 30 minutes thereafter until end of test. Visu.nl ' observation of character of each smoke plume will be recorded on SAI-SONGS-T-2. During test, advise SAI Field Test Director of any difficulties. D D C-s
D FOl;M PAGE 2 SUBJECT JP-02 0F 2 4.0 RELEASE OF TltACER ,, 3 AND S!!OKE u/ REVISION NO. DATE u S-30-76 APPROVAL -
- 8. At completion of testing period, purge injecting line with purge air for 5 minutes to remove tracer. Contact 3 SAI Field Test Director on next planned test.
- 9. At end of test day the following action should be taken;
- a. Turn off all gas cylinders. Remove the annoted D strip chart paper from the recorder and put with other papers from the day's test.
- b. Chech pressure in cylinders to determine if replace-ment is necessary. If purge (No)' pressure <100 psig, it should be replaced. If the 5F6 cylinder pressure 3 is <20 psig, it should be replaced.
- c. Secure system by unplugging flowmeter and recorders, closing gas cylinder valves; move equipment to pre-scribed location.
- d. Take data (strip charts and Forms SAI-SONGS-T-1 and SAI-SONGS-T-2) to Field Test Director.
- 10. Report immediately to the Field Test Director any anomalies or malfunctions.
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) ~ SUL!)LCT FOllM PAGE 1
- JP-02 op i 5.0 OPEltATION OF TRACEit ,
MASS FLOWhiETER M nEVIS10N NO. DATE ) APPROVAL
'- ! 0 8-30-76 OPERATION OF TRACER MASS FLO101ETERS, AND PRETEST FI.O'Y CilECK
- 1. Adjust the system so that the purge gas is flowing through the system. Make sure mass flowmeter han hoon plugged in for 10 minutes.
- 2. Adjust the flow until the top of the rotometer ball is set to (A) . The mass flowancter should rc itd
} (B) ___ lb/hr and the output voltage on the strip chart recorder should read (C) .
- 3. If the conditions of Paragraph 2 are .not mot tvithin ly",,
advise the Test Director so that corrective action can be taken. NOTE: Parameter values of (A), (B), and (C) will be supplied by SAI Field Test Director for each system. 3 O 3 C-10
) SUBJCCT FORM PAGE 1
- Jp-02 op y 0.0 ONSITE LAB 0llATORY pilOCEDUllES 8 REVISION NO. DATE
-_ 0 8-30-76 APPitOVAL ONSITE LABORATORY PROCEDURES This procedure outlines the general activity to be followed
} by the person staffing the onsite laboratory. !!c is respon-sible for the operation of the gas chromatographs (G.C.) and analysis of all samples. The detailed procedures are as follows: 3 1. Arrive on site at time specified by the SAI Field Test Director.
- 2. Set up laboratory for analysis. plug in equipment and verify all equipment is available and' operational.
Annotato strip charts to indicate O.C. being used.
- 3. Span check each G.C. using span gas calibration procedure (Jp-01, Section 7.0).
- 4. Analyao protest background bags and report results to
] the Field Test Director.
- 5. As samples are brought in from the field, check each sample to see that sample identification tag is attached and filled out so that each sample is properly.identi-fled.
D
- 6. Analyae each bag in accordance with the tracer bag analysis procedure (Jp-01, Section S.0).
- 7. Every two hours, perform a span check on each G.C.
3 8. At end of test day: (a) check each G.C. for adequate nitrogen carrier gas supply, (b) turn off nitrogen flow, (c) cap all G.C. parts, (d) turn off power to all equip-ment, (e) collect all strip charts and bag identification tags and give to the Field Test Director. _
- 9. Report any anomalous behavior within the laboratory, or sample identification problems, to the Fie.1d Test Director as quickly as possible.
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SUBJECT FORM PAGE 1
- 7. 0 G. C. SPAN JP-02 or i TESTING d . REVISION NO. DATE ,
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APPROVAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPH SPAN TESTING PROCEDURE
- 1. Obtain span sample from cylinders prepared especially for span testing.
- 2. Inject the span gas sample into the-gas chromatograph (G.C.). Annotate on the strip chart the identifier of the span gas used, and the time of test.
- 3. If G.C. output is abnormally high or low for the G.C.
~
being considered, repeat the test and.cotify the SAI Field Test Director. ) 4. Span checks are to be performed on each active gas chromatograph beforo each field test , after each field test, and every two hours during field testing / sample ' analysis. O i . ,) l .g l 1 0 fg T - 4 C-la
SUEJECT FORM PAGE 1 JP-02 OF 1 j 8.0 DAG SAMPLE 7 ANALYSIS REVISION NO. DATE ) -
~ ~
APPROVAL DAG SAMPLE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE I
- 1. Attach tubing between the bag to be sampled and the inlet port of the gas chromatograph (G,.C.).
- 2. Using the hand pump attached to the outlet port, draw air from the bag and inject the sample into the G.C. ,
) 3. On the strip chart recorder output mark the bag number ! and time of analysis. Also note that the analysis has to be acoomplished on the bag identification tag.
- 4. All samples with concentrations of greater than 50% of
) the maximum will bg retained and analyzed a second time.
- 5. Note sensitivity level of G.C. initially selected for sample anlaysis on the strip chart, and note any devi-ations from this.
) 6. Report any anomalous G.C. behavior to the Field Test Director immediately. Similarly report any problems with:
- a. Sample identification
) b. Bagger malfunctions (empty bags).
~
3 1
)
D C-13
SUNECT FORM PAGE 1
- Jp-02 0F 2 9.0 SEQUENTIAL SAMPLER l
OPERATION /t? i REVISION NO. DATE
! 0 8-30-7G APPROVAL SEQUENTIAL BAGGER OPERATION
) An important part of the program will be the setup and operation of the sequential baggers to be used in the field. This procedure describes the activities to be accomplished by staff members assigned to this task.
- 1. Arrive at the site at the' time"prescribed by the Field
) Test Director.
- 2. Receive partial information on planned test schedule.
- 3. Move baggers to premarked locations as per test plan Form SAI-SONGS-T-3 and if appropriato wire sequential
)- system as prescribed on test plan form. Check for suc-cessful pump operation. Report any problems to the Field Test Director. 4. Mark and attach bag identification labels SAI-SONGS-T-3 for all planned tests. 3
- 5. Get final instructions from Field Test Director and set <
up assigned sequential baggers and timers to allow for collection of samples during specified period. D 6. After completion of bagger setup, each crew member will check another set of assigned baggers to verify that all setups are proper. Verify that the bags are properly . labeled, the timers are properly set, 'and the patch r wiring is proper. 3 *
- 7. During actual test period, move along sampling are check-ing each sampler to assure pumps are operating. If one is malfunctioning, return it to operation if possible I and fill out a malfunction report.
- 8. During the following test period, or after the final test 3
if no more tests are scheduled that day, collect the bagged samples from the sequential samplers.
- 9. Deliver all bags to the laboratory for analysis.
I D 1 r ? C-14 l l
L SUBJECT FORM PAGE 2 . r JP-02 oF 2 9.0 SEQUENTIAT. SAMPLER O OPEllATION Revision No. DATE APPROVAL
~. 2 0 8-30-7G
- 10. At end of test day collect all bnggers and return to b laboratory for storage.
- 11. Provide the Field Test Directo,r with any malfunction reports.
) t D 1 l . l t D D I D - i . O t I C-15
?*
4 -- . - - ___
i . 1 FORM PAGE 1 SULUECT UE" 2 OF 1 10.0 MOBILE SF6 47 SAMPLING HEVISION NO. DATE
.t._// 0' 8-30-7G I
APPROVAL , MODILE SF 6 SAMPLING PROCEDURES ) This procedure describes the activities to be accomplished This particular task will by the mobile sampling crew. require judgment on the part of the staff performing this function since real-time conditions will be used to decide at which location to next sample. 2 The general procedure to be followed is. outlined below:
- 1. When requested by the Field Test Director, mobile sampling will be used to locate the plume center and its lateral extent.
D
- 2. Using a portable G.C. in a vehicle, collect syringe SFG samples along the required sampling line to determine where the plume is located.
- 3. Note on strip chart paper: time of sample and location 3 of sample. Note any scale changes (G.C. sensitivity) on strip chart. ,
- 4. Collect any special sampics as requested by Field Test ,___
Director. D 5. Purge syringes between successive readings by drawing in and expelling several samples of air rapidly at each specific location before drawing in a sample for analysis. O ' D D 1 3 C-lG
9 D sutucci f0HM PAGli 1 f JP-02 gp y 11.0 GENERAL CALIBRATION g EQUIPMENT PROCEDUREE . ntvtSION No. DATE 9 gppngyg 0- 8-30-7G GENERAL CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT PROCEDURES O 1. The following information must appear on the calibration form or in the calibration notebook:
- 1. Instrument under test
- 2. Date .
O
- 3. Location
- 4. Signature of operator and reviewer
- s. Model and serial numbers of all equipment used O
- 6. Any variations from established procedure
- 2. Any electronic calibration which cannot be performed within 1% tolerance dictates repair to the instrument O under test. ,
- 3. Calibrations are to be performed based upon equipment certified traceable to NBS Standards at the time of the calibration.
O '4. The current calibration status of all measurement equip-ment used in the program will be documented as required by SAI QAP-04. , O - . O O O - C-17
TOHM PAGE 1 SUNECT . r JP-02 op i 12.0 USE.0F CALIBRATION EQUIPh1ENT M/ REVISION NO. DATE ) . A/ 0 s 30-70 APPROVAL USE OF CALIBRATION EQUIPl!ENT ) EQUIPLIENT AVAILABLE .' Fluke Differential Voltmeter Time Electronics Mil 11 volt Source Traceable Standard Cell (Eppley) ) PROCEDURE ,
- 1. Turn all equipment on and allow one hour for stabiliza-tion.
- 2. Connect standard cell to Fluke differential voltmeter.
, 3. Record measured electromotive force (Et1F) of standard j. cell and calculate error, if any, associated with responsc j of instrument being checked. I 4. Connect millivolt source to Fluke; measure five stepped - points on each output range. 1 l 5. Record these outputs and calculate error on calibration form. ) ,
- 6. Sign and date calibration form.
) - l l l L C-1s
O FOllM PAG [ l SUBJECT s- Jp-02 0F 1 13.0 CALIBRATION OF j CHART RECORDERS REVISION No. DATU
"-~ 0- 8-30-76 PPnovn ,
STRIP CHART RECORDER ESTERLINE ANGUS (EA) MINISERVO MS401BB EQUIPMENT Millivolt Source PROCEDURE O
- 1. Ground recorder input and adjust for zero on chart paper.
- 2. Conn 7t output of millivolt source to recorder input.
- 3. Note source output required for full scale deflect'.an of Q recorder at each range setting. Record this value.
- 4. Place range switch in the 1 volt position. Racord chart response with inputs of 1 V. 500 MV, 200 MV, 100 MV, 50 MV, 10 MV. Attach this chart to calibration form and O note any discrepancies.
i
- 5. After successful calibration, affix "date calibrated" sticker to equipment and initial.
- 6. Complete and sign the calibration form.
O TEST RATIONALE e The EA Miniservo MS401 is a potentiometric' strip chart 4 recorder. Input ranges are determined by a step attenuator. O . During calibration it is necessary to check the accuracy of this attenuator for full scale value and.to check the line-arity of the servo amplifier at several points from zero to full scale. 9 O' O C-19
F F O RI.1 PAGE 1 SUl!JCCT 14.0 ELECTRONIC CALIDRA- 8- JP-02 OF 2 TION OF G.C. /J REVISION NO. DATE v
- 2. .ll. / 1 8-30-76 APPROVAL.
ELECTRONIC CALIBRATION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPII TEST RATIONALE ^' The SAI electron capture gas chromatograph.is electronically quite simple and requires littic maintenance. The only portion of the unit which requires calibration is the output
- attenuator (range switch).
EQUIPMENT Millivolt Source > Fluke Differential Voltmeter PROCEDURE Initial Adjustment Dasic Output Circuit: Ae R 1 , Bc ,j R2 o RANCE Ce o oF O .. R3 D o-- -- R,f
~
Ee ' s
- 1. Apply 1.00 1 0.01 volt to point D.
- g Adjust R 4 for 0.33 1 0.01 volt at pai.nt E.
C-20
) roitM PAGE 2 SUBJECT r
- JP-02 oF 2 l 14.0 ELECTRONIC CALIDitA-TION OF G. C. f7 REVISION NO. DATE
/
1- 8--30-76 APPROVAL
- 2. Apply 1.00 1 0.01 volt to point C.
Adjust R 3 # " # E " ) i *
- 3. Apply 1.00 1 0.01 volt to point B Adjust R 2 f r 0.33 1 0.01 volt at point C.
] 4. Apply 1.00 1 0.01 volt to point A. Adjust R y for 0.30 1 0.01 volt to point B.
- 5. Apply 1.00 1 0.01 volt to point A.
) Measure voltages at F for each setting of range switch and record in calibration form.
- 6. Affix "Date Calibrated" sticker to instrument and initial.
J 7. Complete and sign the calibration form. D [] . D e O C-21
C O I;ORM PAGE 1 SUBJECT JP-02 OF 4 15.0 SPAN GAS CALIBRATION AI DATE REvistON NO. O .zeil7 0. 8-30-76 . APPROVAL
- 1. SF 6 S AN GAS CALIBRATION (LU PROPRIETARY PROCEDURE)
O Lovelock (Anal. Chem; 43, 1963 (1971]) has demonstrated that the electron capture detector can be used as a gas phase coulometer to make absolute measurements of concentrations of electron-absorbing species such as SF6* ' SAI uses this technique 4.r. a propri'etary proceduro to deter-v mine the concentration of SF6 in gases prepared for use as span gases to document G.C. response as a function of time. The details of this procedure have been written and are main-tained in the files cf the QA Program Manager in La Jolla, California, These details are available for inspection by O qualified program participants at their request in the SAI La Jolla facility. Pages 2 through 4 of this procedure are thus intentionally left out.
- O ,
- 2. After selection of the second tracer, a specific cali-bration procedure will'be developed.
.O lC - O 4 0 C-23
FOllM PAGE 1 SUBJECT OF 2 16.0 DATA ANALYSIS [ DATE REVISION NO.
- O 8-30-76 APPROVAL _
- 1. SF 6
A A A"A I N ) At the end of each field test day, the strip charts will be collected and given to the SAI Program Manager or his desig-nate. The charts will then be given a preliminary onsite review for adequacy. They will then be. transported to the SAI La Jolla office for reproduction (back-up) and detailed analysis. The following procedure is then used:
- 1. Organize the strip charts so that the data are grouped according to the gas chromatograph used in the analysis.
- 2. Span gas check: for the instrument in question, note the peak height of the span gas both before the analysis
) began and after the analyses were performed. These v.alues are averaged to provide the average instrument resp,ons.e characteristics for the time period of the analysis. Record these values and their average on a data sheet. ) CAVEAT: If the chromatograph sensitivity scale is modified during the analysis, the peak heights measured and analyzed must be corrected appro-
~priately.
) 3. For each successive sample, determine and recorr* on a data sheet the SF6 peak height measured.
~
- 4. Determine and record the SF6 concentrations from the following relation:
) h meas
'h span span where '
b meas
= measured peak height of SF6 sample I h span = average span peak height C = concentration of span gas.
span
- 5. Show each independent data reduction in a multiple analysis.
l
- 6. Sign and date the work sheet.
l . . C-23 l
) FORM PAGE 2 SUBJ E.CT JP-02 Op 2 16.0 DATA ANALYSIS // DATE REVISION NO. ) APPROVAL
- O O- 8-30-70
- 7. Transcribe the test results to a data summary sheet and compute average SF6 concentration measurement.
) 8. For each measured concentration compute "chi-over-q"
.from -
-8
{=fx4.91x10 . C = concentration in parts per trillion S = SF6 source rate in Ibs SF 6/ hour. j 9. Sign and date the data summary sheet.
- 10. File reduced data in the SAI Program Manager's designated data f'ile. If the data are transported or analysis is performed by someone other than the SAI Program Manager, then a data transmittal Form NUS-5 is to be used when transferring tl.e data to the SAI Program Manager.
3
- 11. A copy of the reduced data is to be provided by the SAI Program Manager to the QA Program Manager for storage in the back-up QA storage file.
- 2. SECOND TRACER DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES (Procedures Will Be Developed After Selecti6n of Tracer)
I y- s \'
?
C-24 ,
j FORM PAGE ] SUNECT
,A JP-02 0F 5 APPENDIX 1 j -
IFRACER AND SMOKE TEST R- [ REVISlotJ NO. 0 DATE 8-30-76 AP oval l SF g AND SMOKE TEST PLAN h Date Te'st No(s). SF 6 Release Location ) SF Release Rate 6 2nd Tracec ..elease Location ) 2nd Tracer Release Rate Time of Tracer On Time of Tracer Off
- 1. Turn tracers on Adjust flow rate to prescribed values. Mark flowmoter strip 2.
chart with start time and test no, and your name. g
- 3. Check fittings for leaks using "snoop".
- 4. At following times release smoke from and record observations.
D . Smoke Release Time
- 1 Beginning of test 2 30 min. after start of test 7
" At end of test 3
- 5. Between smoke releases inspect tracer release systems to l
assure operation at the proper level and record flow rate l below, i
- Actual times will be inserted.
O C-25
SA1-SONGN..T-1
~ fiGiG~2 r) .
SUBJECT FORM PAGE 2 J JP-02 OF 5
. APPENDIX 1 ,
TRACEll AND SMOKE d REVISION f10. DATE L3 TEST PLAN 0 8-30-76 APPROVAL L 3 Tinie Flow Rate 3 3 3 .
- 6. Report any tracer release irregularities (>5% variation) or malfunctions to the test director IMMEDIATELY.
g Signed O e O
. C-26
)
SAI-80Ngi-T-2 ) SUDJECT FO Rtd PAGE 3
~ JP-02
'ADPENDIX 1_ OF 5 SMOKE OBSERVATION FORM //
REVISIOfJ NO. DATE S APPROVAL
- f7 - 0 8-30-76 SMOKE OBSERVATION FORM Date Test No(s).
Time of Release to O General Direction of Smoke Movement Describe the behavior of smoke as it leaves the source 3 __ 3 O , 3 . O __ _ 9 . Signed O --- C-27
S A i -SWhi';. T *: Pati',tr .1 D Sul!JCCT . FOllM l'AG E <1 APPENDIX 1 JP-02 gp 3 MST PLAN 13 AGGER
/
{d1.! ItEVISION NO. DATE DEPLOYMENT API >ItOVA t. t / 2 e[ 0 8-30-76 TEST PLAN BAGGER DEPLOYMENT 4 Test No(s). Date _
~
v 3 Timo . Install samplers at locations as indicated below. Verify setup of samplers as indicated below. 3
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SAI-SONGS-T-3 g Fiiie'PI l SUBJECT I:onM PAGE 5
. .N 0F 5 APPENDIX 1
) TifG IDENTIFICATION FORM
/~
[8 itEVISION NO. 0 DATE 8-30-70 APPROVAL BAG IDENTIFICATION FORM D Test No. Bag Location ] Sa:nnler No. ) Analysis By GC No. 1 2 J 3 3-o .. D e O C-29
) ) 2 J APPENDIX D 3 DATA HANDLING AND REDUCTION PROCEDURES D D e J 4 0
- "tNUS CORPORATION Specification / Procedure No. 5.1.12.17 Title HANDLING AND REDUCING DATA FOR THE SONGS ONSHORE TRACER PROGRAM Southern Caltrornia Edison Company .) Client i . This title page is a record of all revisions of the specification / procedure.
) Each time the specification / procedure is changed, only the new or revised pages are issued.
For convenience, the nature of the revision is briefly noted under remarks, but these remarks are not a part of the specification / procedure. 4 Issue Prepared Required Affected Remarks Rev. By Approvals Pages Date 0 Mitchell Original Issue
.) )
O f o I, Distribution: O 1 O __ \.
N umbo,: 5.1. 12.17 p.,e 1 ,, 30 CORPORATION o I A pproved: Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS Onshore Tracer Program 1.0 PURPOSE AND 3 COPE , This work instruction describes the procedures to be used by NUS Corporation, Environ-
; mental Safeguanis Division, for reducing and processing meteorological data and for pro-cessing tracer data--from the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS)--which are part of the onshore tracer program. The tasks covered include logging-in data as they are received, identifying records, performing validity reviews, resolving meteorological s data problems, scheduling, and reducing strip chart data, making verification of data listing acceptability, and completing basic data processing.
This work instruction becomes applicable at the point 1) where.the meteorological data and the inventory are received by the Data Reduction Coordinator (DRC) at NUS, Rock-3 ville, Maryland from the onsite Technical Director (the data will come in the form of both analog strip charts and of magnetic tape from an incremental data logger) and 2) where the reduced tracer data are supplied to NUS by the subcontractor SAI. This ~ work instniction is applicable to the point that the data are processed (in a manner D similar to that used for the offshore tracer program) and are ready for further analysis. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION This document contains proprietary information. The ideas or other information furnished in this document shall not be disclosed outside Southern California ' Edison, or be dupli-O cated, used or disclosed in whole or in part for any purpose other than to evaluate NUS' work .
2.0 REFERENCES
j' o NUS Corporation Manual of Quality Assurance Requirements (QAR) o Environmental Systems Group QA Manual (ESGQA) n o Design of an Onshore Tracer Program at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating
Station, test, NUS-2002 o Report of Tracer Tests Conducted at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, NUS-1702 0 3.0 ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES Manager, Meteorological Programs is responsible for the overall supervision of personnel handling and reducing the SONGS meteorological data.
O
) sei u u ,,,,. n 5.1.12. 17 Page 2 af 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS a.,m u., o,,, % Onshore Tracer Program 0 Test Director (TD), located onsite at SONGS, is responsible for reviewing the collected ) data for its validity and for reporting on it and for transmitting the data along with all appropriate documentation to NUS each day that a tracer test is conducted. The TD is also responsible for obtaining fmm SCE and transmitting to NUS corrective action infor-mation for any equipment malfunctions or discrepancies. The TD will be familiar with the microscale and regional climatological conditions at SONGS. ) Assistant Project Meteorologist (APM) located at NUS is responsible for reviewing the i collected meteorological data and documentation in order to concur with the TD's review, ' for reviewing data listings for validity acceptance, and for completing appropriate docu-mentation. The APM will be familiar with the microscale and regional climatological con-ditions at SONGS. Supervisor of Data Reduction (SDRS) is responsible for ensuring that the applicable hand-ling and reducing procedures are being followed and for accomplishing the computer-re-lated functions associated with the data. Data Reduction Coordinator (DRC) is directly responsible for logging-in the data, trans-mitting data to the APM for review, reducing the data to prescribed procedures, and for maintaining received data, and for completing and maintaining documentation for the re-ducing and processing SONGS meteorological and tracer data. D 4.0 SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION The SONGS meteorological systems consist of 7 monitoring locations. There are 3 towers and 4 masts in the vicinity of SONGS as shown in Figure 1. The primary meteorological ^) reference is the Bluff Tower with wind sensors at 10 m and 40 m and with a 6T40m The Inland Tower has the same monitoring equipment as the Bluff Tower with the adckOm' ition of AT 25 b. Supplemental data are obtained from Masts 1, 2, and 3, which monitor the win40 $at
- m. The Beach Tower monitors the wind at the 30-ft and 120-ft levels and AT The Beach Auxiliary Mast monitors wind at the 10 m fevel. Although other 120f t-20 f t.
g meteorological instruments may be installed at some of the monitoring locations, they will not be part of the onshore tracer program. A summary of the data to be used for this ' program appears in Table 1. The data from the Bluff and Inland Towers will be recorded on magnetic tape, with a back-g up of analog charts. The data for the remaining systems will be recorded only on analog strip charts. A summary of the form of analog strip charts is presented in Table 2. 5.0 HANDLING OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA 5.1.0 Receiving and Logging-in 9 5.1.1 As background information, strip charts are sent by the Test Director (TD) or his designee via certified mail to the Technical Support 9
) Subi.ct: Numbw:
- 5. 1. 12.17 Pa,. 3 .t 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS n . , ,, ,,,, u .. o,,, %
Onshore Tracer Program 0 ) D j .
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O FIGURE 1 - SONGS METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION LOCATIONS
N rmber: Subsect:
- 5. 1. 12 .17 Page 4 cf 30 Handling and Reducing Data for ths SONGS n ,,,,, n o, o,,,, % .
Onshore Tracer Program 0
)
TABLE 1 METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE ONSHORE TRACER PROGRAM AT SONGS
) ;
Nominal Monitoring Above Ground Units of location Parameter Level (m) Measurement Identifier Bluff Tower wind speed / direction 10, 40 mph / degrees SOBL temperature dif-ferential (6T) 40-10 C l l temperature 10 C ) Inland Tower wind speed / direction 10, 40 mph /degroes SOIN 6T 40-10 OC 6T 40-10 C temperature 10 C 3 l Hill Mast 1 wind speed / direction 10 mph / degrees SO M1 Hill Mast 2 wind speed / direction 10 mph / degrees SO M2 i D wind speed / Bluff Mast 3 direction 10 mph / degrees SOM3 Beach Tawer wind speed / direction 30ft, 120 ft mph / degrees ~ SO BE 120ft-20ft C D 6T . Beach Auxiliary wind speed / direction 10 mph / degrees SOAX Ma st 0 0 L_.__-__-____-_--- _ _ _ - . - _ _ -
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wea6*: 5.1.12.17 P. 6 o 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS n.en u o. . w: 0 Onshore Tracer Program
)
Section, ESD, NUS Corporation, Rockville, Maryland. All charts are labelled by the TD with identification of the SCE, meteorolo-gical variable and location, and data period. Test Authorization Forms and Onsite Data Evaluation Forms are forwarded with the
) strip charts. All shipments of data shall contain a shipping list, a duplicate of which shall be mailed, under separate cover, to the same address, and a third copy retained by the TD. j 5.1.2 The charts shall be logged in by the Data Reduction Coordinator )' (DRC), within 24 hours of receipt, by completing entries in the appropriate Meteorological Data Log Sheet (Figure 2) for each tow-er location. Verification of Icg-in shall be accomplished by the DRC initialing and dating the log-in form. If the charts are not received within 48 hours of the designated day of arrival, as in-dicated by receipt of shipping document, the DRC shall inform the 3 Assistant Project Meteorologist (APM), who is responsible for taking corrective action (notifying the TD, instituting a trace, etc.).
5.1.3 After Receipt of the charts and log-in, the DRC shall forward a copy of the Onsite Data Evaluation (Figure 3) forms and daily 3 check sheet to the APM. The DRC will initiate a status. sheet (Figure 4) for each test covered by the charts. 5.1.4 The DRC shall assure that all correction factors entered on the Onsite Data Evaluation Form are incorporated in the reduction of ) the data and that all pertinent information on the Onsite Data Evaluation Sheet are recorded in the Meteorological Data Log F Sheet (Figure 2) . Pertinent information shall include: chart number, periods of invalid data and the reason, instn.iment mal-functions, applicable correction factors, and estimated data re- ] covery. The Onsite Data Evaluation Form shall be signed and dated by the APM indicating that he has reviewed the data and { that it should be reduced. The DRC will then update the Status Sheet. D 5.2.0 Reviewinc of Strip Chart Data 5.2.1 The APM shall review the analog strip chart data within 48 hours of receipt from the DRC and shall document this by initialling and dating the Onsite Data Evaluation Form. However, if a da-ta logger tape is available, the analog record need not be re-viewed by the APM. The APM shall review the charts for anoma-lous meteorological contions, spurious data, and for possible equipment malfunctions, and for corraborating the evaluation by the TD. O
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Numbw: subket: 5.1.12.17 Page 14 sf 30 i Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS n.,wn no, o,i, toow. Onshore Tracer Program 0 D Pa ge ,,_ of _, NUS CORPORATION ONSITE DATA EVALUATION FORM Southern Collfornia Edison - SONGS J ' Period Met . Equipment Covered Variable Malfunction
- CM and On- and Comments or data No. Off Time Level problem (PST) detected ?
) , Yes No b O Data logger tape O Data looser tape Test Numbers Bonin Time End Time PST PST PST PST
~
PST PST PST PST ,
SUMMARY
.O TD Signature / Date Resolution of problem, summanry and corrective action memo # O Concurring APM Signature / Date l \
~
- O FIGURE 3 h .. _. .
a--.=. = .- . . - - - - _ _ . _ _ - . _ . _ - - -_ )
Subject:
Number: 5.1.12.17 Pa,. 15 of 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS n.,;, o,, no, o ,t,i,,,,e. Onshore Tracer Program 0 y . NUS STATUS SHEET SONGS ONSHO'4E TRACER PROGR AM Test Number : Begin PST;End PST (24 h clock) ) (/= completed; n/a = not applicable;M = Missing /not available: Tape ID = unique identifier) INLAND BEACH M ASTS , BLUFF
- s. Meteorology Dats twr af: upt her si g
ser , sT hwr af apr sus 1 2 l3 Racsived Legged in Ok'd for Processing Analog Read , Verified & Punched Aastog Listed O Tape 10 n/a n/a n/a Digital Submitted for Listing n/a als n/s als s/s als e/a n/a als als n/a < Oigitallisted - I n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a ! Tape 10 l Listieg Approved Submitted for Processing es Summary Rua l l Okd 1 min /15 min. Rua Tape to O k'd Windma Rua n/a n/s a/s als sh als
" als als als als als a/a O k'd l
C LOWER REL? ASE UPPER RELE ASE i RELEASE (M O D E S 1, 3. 4, 0 R 6) (M00ES 2,3. 5,0R 6)
- l MODE
- b. Tracer Dau Urom SAD 300m AMC 700 m ARC 300 m ARC 700m ARC NUMBER' Reeehed fraascribed als Q C'd n/a Punched / Verified n/a ,
Submitted for Processing- n/a Prectis Printest lagets QC'd n/a O *1 = Unit 1 lower,2 = Unit 1 apper,3 = Unit i lower and apper 4 = Unit 2/31 ewer,l e unt 2/3 apper,6 = Unit 2/3 lower sad apper O
O ,,,,,, n ,,,,,, , 5.1. 12. 17 Page 16 of 30 Date Iss.,*d: Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS Revision No. 0 Onshore Tracer Program 3 5.2.2 Detection of equipment malfunctions (other than those indicated by the TD snd which have been indicated as rectified, i.e. , a form memorandum to the file) or the possibility of equipment mal-functions, shall be recorded on the Onsite Data EvaluV. ion form O and brought immediately to the attention of the TD. A C9rrective } Action Memo (Figure 5) must be completed for any malfunctions ] j ,J to state the nature and resolution of the problem, and, when appropriate, the data correction factors used and their justifi-cation (based on documentation provided by the TD and SCE).
$i Any correction factors, as determined by the TD and SCE, shall be recorded on the Onsite Data Eval'ntion Form. Questionable
[ data must be resolved by means of a Corrective Action Memo k before the questioned data nay be reduceu. O 5.3.0 Reduping Strip Chart Data 7 C.3.1 Meteoro;ogical data recorded er *, trip charts are reduced to digi-7 i . te: form and are recorded on coding sheets as shown in Figures 6&7 The forms in Figure 6 are routinely completed, where-as th se in Figure 7 are completed only when the back-up analog O systera must be used. Tables 3 and 4 describe the formats, re-a spectively. The DRC shall ir..;ial the Meteorological Data Log
- after each chart is reduced, and enter tha.date when the chart was reduced. The DRC snall aesure that data are reduced within three working days after authe rization by the TD and APM and O shall record the date that the reduction was accomplished on the Onsite Data Evaluation Sheet.
5.3.2 Reduction proceduros are as follows for each 1-hour test: O 5.3.2.1 Routine: '(Mast 1, 2, and 3 and Beach Tower and Mast) for these , values are read as described below for each 15 minute sample per- ', iod of the 1-hour tracer test o Wind Direction . O TF , ' 'ean wind direction" is obtained by visually esti-7_ n.7 : mean value of wind direction recorded on the
' .s the sample pcriod. The " maximum wind direc-g obtained by reading the highest peak to the O , o ;he mean for the perjod. The "minimum wind a
. ion" is obtained by reading the highest peak ,
left of the mean direction durin- the period. 3/
..:ese directions will be recorded to the nearest 50 In the special case of a straight line wind direction trace, 1 O
~ - -
k __
- se: Number 5.1.12.17 Pap 17' of 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS E,Ikn No. osse sue dnshore Tracer Program 0 0
DATA REDUCTICN CORRECTNE ACTION MEMO TO: DRC/ Project Filo FROM: Test Directcr DATE: SU BJECT: SONGS Meteorolocical Malfutation , Tower Site Level TEST NUMBERS INCLUDED: Q NATURE OF SYSTEM MALFUNCTION: O RESOLUTION OF PROBLEM: LO !O APPLICABLE DATA CORRECTION FACTok* AND PERIODS: 1 O Approved: Manag'er, Meteorological Programs , Signature DRC confirming incorporation of correction fas.or: ,_ Date: O Comment: O
*Referecco documenting the errors:
O FIGURE 5 P
Numbef
Subject:
5,1.12.17 10 30 Pap d Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS n ,,,3 , no, o ,,,imo,4; Onshore Tracer Program 0 p 4 i i ! i e !
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Nrwer:
- 5. 1.12 '7 p. 23 et 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS - n.,;,, n u., o . is.
Onshore Tracer Program 0 3
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) se: N e w: 5.1.12.17 P. 24 er 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS Remion No. Date W: Onshore. Tracer Program 0 D. TABLE 3a CODING SHEET FORMAT (MASTS 1, 2, & 3) i O Column C ontent' Remarks 1-2 Month of observation To be recorded as 01-12 3-4 Day of observation To be recorded as 01-31 5-6 Hour of observation To be recorded as 00-23 7-8 Minute of observation To be recorded as 00-59 3 9 - 11 Wind speed - Mast 1 Recorded to nearest 0.5 mph 12 - 14 Max, wind direction - Recorded to nearest 5 from 5 Mast 1 to 360 O 15 - 17 Average wind direction - Recorded to nearest So from 5 i Mast 1 to 360 18 - 20 Min, wind direction - Recorded to nearest 5 from 5 # , l Mast 1 to 360 0 !O 21 - 32 Wind speed and direc- Same as Columns 9 - 20 tion - Mast 2 33 - 44 Wind speed and direc- Same as columns 9 - 20 g tion - Mast 3 73 - 80 Identification code for SOMA ###, where #'s are test > SONGS site - Masts 1, number , 2, & 3 0 O
) se: Nw4m 5.1.12.17 Pee 25 et 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS %,.o 3., o.. . w. Onshore Tracer Program 0 D - TABLE 3b CODING SHEET FORMAT (BEACH SITES) j Column Content Remarks 1-2 Month of observation To be recorded as 01-12 . 3-4 Day of observation To be recorded as 01-31 ) 5-6 Hour of observation To be reccrded as 00-23 7-8 Minute of observation To be recorded as 00-59 9 - 11 Wind speed - 30 foot level Recorded to nearest 0.5 mph 12 - 14 Max, wind direction - Recorded to nearest 5 from 5 30 foot level i to 360 15 - 17 Average wind direction - Recorded to nearest 5 from 5 0 . 30 foot level to 360 18 - 20 Min. wind direction - Recorded to nearest 5 from 5 30 foot level to 360 Q 21 - 32 Wind speed and direc- Same as columns 9 - 20 tion - 120 foot level. 33 - 44 Wind speed and direc- Same as columns 9 - 20 tion - 10 m level auxiliary O mast 49 - 52 Delta T (120 ft-20 ft) "0" if positive and " " if negative to nearest 0.10 0 g 73 -80 Identification code for SOBE #M, where #'s are test SONGS site beach sites number O O
) subewir 5.1.12.17 e. 26 et 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS n.,;so u . o...i,m e Onshore Tracer Program 0 ) TABLE 4 ! CODING SHEET FORMAT (BLUFF TOWER AND INLAND TOWERS) 3 Columr _ Content Remerks 1-2 Month of observation To be recorded as 01 - 12 3-4 Day of observation To be recorded as 01 - 31 J 5-6 Hour of observation To be recorded as 00 - 23 7-8 Minute of observation To be recorded as 00 - 59 ) 9 Card sequence To be recorded as 1, 2, or 3, as appropriate, for the three cards of data for each minute ' 11 - 13 Minute average wind Recorded to nearest 0.5 mph p speed for the period be-ginning at 00 and ending at 59 seconds 15 - 17, 2-seccnd instantaneous Recorded to nearest 5 from g 19 - 21, wir.d direction every 2- 5 to 360 in 3 digits 51 - 53 seccnds from 00 to 18 seconds for card sequence ' 1, 20 to 38 seconds for card sequence 2, and 40 to 58 seconds for card h, sequence 3 l 62 - 65 Delta.T (40 m-10 m) "0" if positive and " " if i negative to nearest 0.10C l C 66 - 69 Delta T (40 m-25 m) Same as columns 62-65 1 Identification code for SOBLL###, 73 - 80 SONGS Bluff (BL) or Inland SOBLU###, (IN) Tower and upper (U) SOINL###, or O or lower (L) level SOINU###, as appropriate, where #'s are test numbers O . 9
Setiest: Nvmbert
- 5. 1.12.17 P 27 er 30 Handling and Reducing Data for the SONGS Ren No. Date leu,ed*
0 l Onshore Tracer Procram ) if there is valid associated speed trace, the mean wind direction will be recorded as usual to the nearest 5 , and the "maximum" and "minimum" directions will be record-ed as the "mean" plus and minus 1, respectively. D o Wind Speed The "mean wind speed" is obtained by visually estimat- j ing a mean value of wind speed recorded on the chart for the sample period. The wind speed will be recorded to 3 the nearest 0.5 mph. If the wind speed traca is at 0.6 mph and a straight line, the wind speed is recorded as zero mph and is considered to be a calm. If it is near 0.6 mph, but not a straight line, the speed is to be re-corded as 0.5 mph. O o 6T(Temperature differential) The "mean 6T" is obtained by visually estimating a mean value of the 6T trace recorded on the chart for the sam-ple period. The 6T will be recorded to the nearest 0.10C. i 5.3.2.2 Backup: (Bluff and Inland Towers) If for some reason the digital record of data from these sites is not to b.e used, ther. the data will be read from the analog charts. The procedures are the same as for the "routine" charts, except that wind directions are read O for 2 second instantaneous values, and wind speeds and 6T are read for 1 minute averaging periods. 5.3.3 The DRC shall assure that the data coding sheets are checked for transcribing errors within one working day after reduction of lO the data.- All sheets shall be signed by the DRC or designate indicating that the dats contained on the coding sheets have { been checked and are correct, the DRC will make the appropriate updates to the Log Sheets. O 5.3.4 The data are transcribed from the data input coding sheets to computer cards. The DRC shall assure that each computer card is verified by duplicate punching and comparison, and that each ca d is uniquely identified for the identification of the tower location, the date and time of the observation, and the test num-g ber in the last columns of each card. The DRC will make the appropriate update to the Log Sheet and Status Sheet. 5.3.5 The SDRS shall assure that data listings of both digital and an'a-log data are compiled on a weekly basis and are forwarded to the , O , t
l sewea: Nwnbet ! 5.1.12.17 Pue 28 of 30 Hondling and Reducing Data for the SONGS RwWn No. Date lowed: Onshore Tracer Program 0 l ) APM within three days of verification of all key punched data. The APM shall perform a final check for possible data reduc-l tion errors, instrument malfunctions, or spurious meteorologi-l cal data. In addition, the APM shall randomly select values
- from the listing to be checked against the analog charts for
) l possible reducing, transcribing, and punching erro'rs. Ques-tionable data shall be checked against the strip charts. The review of the data listings by the APM shall be completed within three days of receipt of the listings. Any detected errors shall be corrected on the coding sheets and data cards ) by the DRC and a new listing shall be provided by the Supervis-or of the Data Reduction Section within three days of comple-tion of the APM's review check. When all data have been veri-fled, the APM shall enter his initials on each page of the list-ing signifying that the data are final and accepted (e.g., that there are no corrections or data problems outstanding). The APM will initial and date each page of the duplicate listing (or the original copied) which will be stored by the SDRS in a separate buildino in case the original listing is accidentally de stroyed . Th.' LRC will make appropriate entries of the list-ings and reviews in the Status Sheet. 5.4.0 Processing Meteorological Data l l Upon approval of the data listings, the DRC will submit a re-I quest for processing the approved data into the summaries of C 1) wind fluctuations,2) 1 minute listings and 15 minute sum- ! maries, and 3) wind roses, as appropriate. The completion of l the processing will be documented on the Status Sheet, and the I summaries fonvarded to the APM for review and approval. The APM upon approval will initisl the summaries and return them .O to the DRC who will update the Status Sheet appropriately. t 5.5.0 Returning Original Data Upon completion of all data reduction for the entire program, the O meteorological chart data will be microfilmed under the direction f of the SDRS, and the originals sent to SCE and documented. The ! microftim records will be maintained by the SDRS as appropriate. 6.0 HANDLING OF TRACER DATA O Upon receipt of tracer data summaries from SAI, the DRC will 6.1 document this on the Status Sheet. The remainder of the hand-- ling will be done on a weekly basis. , O r
N u,nber: Subiest! 5.1.12.17 Pee. 29 et 30 H ndling and Reducing Data for the' SONGS Revision No. D et, luued: Onshore Tracer Program 0 3 6.2 Upon approval of the TD or APM, the DRC willdirect the tran-scription of the data into the Tracer Data Input Fonnat (Figure
- 8) for keypunching. Each entry on the format will be quality controlled for correctness before the DRC makes approval for keypunching.
D 6.3 Upon DRC approval the data will be keypunched, keypunch verified, and' documented. The Status Sheet will be updated appropriately by the DRC. g 6.4 The punched data will then be submitted through the SDRS for processing and plotting. Upon receipt of the processed data, the DRC will direct the QC of all input data printed in the processirig output. The DRC will update the Status Sheel appropriately. O O i l l
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