ML20127H045
| ML20127H045 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Monticello  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1977 |
| From: | Davidson G, Huebner L, Mayer L NORTHERN STATES POWER CO. |
| To: | James Keppler NRC OFFICE OF INSPECTION & ENFORCEMENT (IE REGION III) |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 9211180377 | |
| Download: ML20127H045 (48) | |
Text
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NSD NORTHERN 5TATES POWER COMPANY MtNNEAPOL85 M IN N E S OTA S S 4 01 March 15, 1978 f
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Mr J G Keppler, f{ rector, Region III j
Office of inspection & Enforcement
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6, U S Nuclear Regulatory Cemission L.
799 Roosevelt Road
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Glen Ellyn, IL 60137
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Dear Mr Keppler:
'V N,
MONTICELLO NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT Docket No. 50-263 License No. DPR-22 Annual Radiological Environmental Monitoring Report In accordance with the Monticello Technical Specifications, Appendix A to the Operating L1 ense DPR-22, we are subciitting two copies of the Annual Radiological Environmental Monitoring Report covering the period January 1,1977 through December 31, 1977.
Yours very truly, 8
L 0 Mayer, PE
/
Manager of Nuclear Support Services LOM/ECW/deh
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cc:
Dir, MIPC, USNRC (2)
MPCA Attn:
J W Fe man Attachment AO3 I
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1 9211180377 771231 PDR ADOCK 05000263 R
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e NALCD E NVIRO N ME NT AL SCIENCES 15 00 F A O N T A G E HOAO o NOATHSADOK. ILLINOIS S0089 o AREA 319 554 0700 NALCO CMGMcC AL COMPANY NORTHERN STATES POWER COMPANY MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA MONTICELLO NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT DOCKET NO. 50-263 LICENSE NO. DP R-22 ANNUAL REPORT to the UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Radiation Environmental Monitoring Program January 1,1977 to December 31, 1977 Prepared Under Contract by NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Project No. 5501-07567 Prepared by:b. R. b G.
R.
Davidson, Ph.D.
Assistant-Head Nuclear Sciences Section
///f Approved by:
1,..
L.
G. Auebner, M.S.
Head Nuc. ear Sciences Section f
a f.A.Aldv s
Approved by:
B.
G.
J hn on, Ph.D.
Manager Environmental Sciences
N ALCO ENVIRONMENTAL BCIENCES PREFACE The report v s prepared by G.
R.
Davidson, Assistant Head, 1
Nuclear Sciences Section, under the direction of L.
G.
- Huebner, Head, Nuclear Sciences Section.
The staff members of the Nuclear Sciences Section of NALCO Environmental Sciences were responsible for the acquisition of the data presented in this report.
Samples were collected by personnel of Northern States Power Company.
Distribution of this report is made by Northern States Power Company.
ii
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL BCIENCHE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Pre f ace.
11 List of Tables iv I.
Introduction.
1 II.
Summary.
2 III.
Program.
3 A.
Program Design and Data Interpretation.
3 B.
Program Description 4
C.
Laboratory Procedures 7
D.
Program Modifications 8
IV.
Results and Discussion 9
A.
Atmospheric Nuclear Detonations 9
B.
Program Findings.
10 V.
Tables 21 VI.
Re ferences Cited.
36 Appendix A.
Crosscheck Program Results A-1 i
iii
(
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL BCIENCES LIST OF TABLES No.
Title Page 1
Sample collection and analysis program, 1977.
22 2
Sampling locations.
24 3
Missed collections and analyses, 1977 25 4
Additional collections and analyses, 1977.
26 5
Environmental radiological monitoring program 27 summary.
In addition, the following tables are in the Appendix:
Appendix A A-1.
Crosscheck program results, milk and water samples, 1975-7.
A-2 A-2 Crosscheck program results, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's)
A-6 e
e iv
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL sclENCES I.
Introduction This report summarizes and interprets results of the operation-al radiation environmental monitoring program conducted by NALCO Environmental Sciences at the Monitcello Nuclear Generating Plant, Monticello, Minnesota during the period January - December, 1977.
This program monitors the levels of radioactivity in the air, terrestrial, and aquatic environments in order to assess the impact of the plant on its surroundings.
Tabulation of the individual analyses made during the year are not included in this report.
These data are included in a reference document (NALCO Environmental Sciences 1978) available at Northern States Power Company, Nuclear Support Services Department.
Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant is a 545 MNe boiling water reactor located on the Mississippi River in Wright County, Minnesota, and operated by Northern States Power Company.
Initial criticality was achieved on 10 December 1970.
Full power was achieved on 5 March 1971 and commercial operation began on 30 June 1971.
1 i
l
I t
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES II.
Summary The Radiation Environmental Monitoring Program required by the
.I Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Technical Specifications for the Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant is described.
Results for 1977 are summarized and discussed.
One change in the program was made in 1977: clam collections in the Mississippi. River were eliminated.
f Results obtained for airborne particulates, airborne iodine, natural vegetation, and milk show effects of fallout from atmospheric nuclear detonations which occurre6 in China in late 1976 and late 1977.
There is no indication in'the data of any environmental radiation ef f ect attributable to < L nt operation.
2
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL BCIENCEB III. Program A.
Program Design and Data Interpretation The purpose of the radiation environmental monitoring program at the Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant is to assess the impact of the plant on its environment.
For this purpose samples are collected from the air, terrestrial, and aquatic environment and analyzed for radioactive content.
In addition, ambient gamma radia-tion levels are monitored by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's).
Sources of environmental radiation include the following:
(1) natural background radiation arising from cosmic rays and primordial radionuclides; (2) fallout from atmospheric nuclear detonations; (2) releases from nuclear power plants.
In interpreting the data, effects due to the power plant must be distinguished from those due to other sources.
A major interpretive aid is that the monitoring program at Monticello is designed on the indicator-control concept.
Most types of samples are collected both at indicator locations (nearby, downwind, or downstream) and at control locations (distant, upwind, or upstream).
A plant effect would be indicated if the radiation level at an indicator location was larger than that at the control location by a significant amount.
The difference would have to be greater than could be accounted for by typical fluctuations in radiation levels arising from other sources.
i An additional interpretive technique involves analyses for specific radionuclides present in the samples.
The plant's monitoring l
3 1
N ALCD ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEN program includes analyses for tritium, strontium-89, s tron ti um-90, and iodine-131.
Most samples are also analyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes with results for the following quantified: zirconium-95, l
cesium-137, cerium-144, and potassium-40.
The first three isotopes were selected because of the different characteristic proportions in which they appear in the fission product mix produced by a reactor and that produced by a nuclear detonation.
Each of the three isotopes is produced in roughly equivalent amounts by a re actor : each constitutes about 10% of the total activity of fission products 10 days after reactor shutdown.
On the other hand, 10 days af ter a thermonuclear explosion, the contributions of zirconium-95, cerium-144, and cesium-137 to the activity of the resulting debris are in the approximate ratio 4:1:0.03 (Eisenbud, 1963).
Potassium-40 is a naturally-occurring isotope.
It was chosen as a calibration moni-tor and should not be considered a radiological impact indicator.
Other means of distinguishing sources of environmental radiation can be employed in interpreting the data.
Current radia-tion levels can be compared with previous levels, including those measured before the plant became operational.
Results of the plant's monitoring program can be related to those obtained in other parts of the world.
Finally, results can be related to events known to cause elevated levels of radiation in the environment, e.g.
atmospher-ic nuclear detonations.
B.
Program Description The sampling and analysis schedule is summarized in Table I
1 and briefly reviewed below.
Table 2 defines the sampling location codes used in Table 1 and specifies for each location its type 4
N ALCO ENVIRONMENTAL BCIENCES (indicator or control) and its distance, direction,and sector relative to the reactor site.
To assure that sampling is carried out in a reproducible manner, detailed sampling procedures have been prescribed (NALCO Environmental Sciences, 1977b).
To monitor the air environnent, airborne particulates are collected on membrane filters by continuous pumping at seven locations.
Also, airborne ic Gne is ecllected by continuous pumping through charcoal filters at three of the locations.
Filters are changed and counted weekly.
Particulate filters are analyzed for gross beta activity and charcoal filters for iodine-131.
A monthly composite of all particulate filters is gamma-scanned on a Ge(Li) detector.
Five of the seven locations are indicators, and two are controls (M-1 and M-2).
One of the indicators (M-6) is located in the geographical sector expected to be most susceptible to any atmospheric emissions from the plant (highest x /Q sector).
Ambient gamma radiation is monitored at the same seven locations using CaF2 :Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's).
The sensors are placed in pairs at each location and are collected and measured quarterly.
Milk samples are collected monthly from five farms (four indicator and one control).
All samples are analyzed for iodine-131.
In addition, samples from the control location (M-10, Kirchenbauer) and the highest x /0 location (M-18, Olson) are analyzed for strontium-89 and -90 and for gamma-emitting isotopes.
Natural vegetation (such as grass) is collected semi-annually from three locations (including the highest X/0 milk location and the milk control location).
Samples are analyzed for gamma-emitting 5
NALCD ENVIRONMENTAL ECIENCEE isotopes including iodine-131.
Cabbage is collected annually from the nearest garden and a control location and analyzed for iodine-131.
Corn is collected annually from the highest X /Q farm and a control location and ana-lyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes.
Potatoes are collected annually from a farm irrigated with downstream river water and a control location.
Analysis is for gamma-emitting isotopes.
The terrestrial environment is also monitored by collection of well water (quarterly), wildlife (semi-annually) and topsoil (every three years).
River water is collected weekly at two locations, one upstream of the plant and one downstream.
Monthly composites are analyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes.
Quarterly composites are analyzed for tritium.
Drinking water is collected weekly from the City of Minneapolis water supply, which is taken from the Mississippi River downstream of the plant.
Monthly composites are analyzed for gross beta activity and gamma-emitting isotopes.
Quarterly composites are analyzed for tritium, strontium-89, and strontium-90.
The aquatic environment is also monitored by semi-annual upstream and downstream collections of fish, algae or aquatic insects, aquatic vegetation, and bottom sediments.
Shoreline sediment is also collected semi-annually.
A semi-annual collection of clams was part of the program in the first half of 1977.
- However, because most clam collection attempts have been unsuccessful, clam j
collection was deleted from the program by Revision 35 to the NRC l
6 l
4 L
.c.
i NALCO ENVIIEONMENTAL ECIENCES i
i
[
Technical Specifications dated 16 -September 1977.
C.
Laboratory Procedures j
All strontium-89 and -90 analyses and iodine-131 analyses in milk were made by a sensitive radiochemical procedure rovolving 2
j separation of the element of interest by use of an ion-exchange resin and subsequent beta counting.
t j
Gamma-spectroscopic analyses of milk and water were made with a NaI detector.
'All other gamma-spectroscopic analyses were made with a Ge (Li) detector.
Levels of iodine-131 in cabbage and
}
natural vegetation were determined by Ge(Li) spectrometry.
Levels a
of airborne iodine-131 in charcoal samples were measured by Ge (Li) i spectrometry except for the use of a radiochemical technique- (similar i
j to that used for milk) for analysis of a few samples collected after 4
j the 17 September 1977 Chinese atmospheric nuclear-test.
I Tritium levels were determined by liquid scintillation i
j counting.
t j-Analytical procedures used by. the Nuclear Sciences Section of NALCO Environmental Sciences are:'specified in detail elsewhere (NALCO Environmental Sciences, 1977a).
Procedures are based on those prescribed by-the National Center for -Radiological Health of the-i i
U. S. Public Health Service (U. S.
Public Health Service, 1967) l' and by the Health and Safety Laboratory of. the U.
S. Atomic Energy l
. Commission (U.
S. Atomic Energy' Commission, 1972).
NALCO Environmental Sciences had a ' comprehensive quality h
control / quality assurance program designed to assure the reliability i
i of data obtained.
Details are presented elsewhere (NALCO Environmen--
tal Sciences, 1975, 1977c).
The program includes participation in-7
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N ALCO ENVI ADNMENTAL BCIENCEB laboratory intercompt.rlson (crosscheck) programs.
Results obtained in crosscheck programs are presented in Appendix A.
D.
Program Modifications The only program change in 1977 was elimination of clam sampling by Revision 35 to the Technical Specifications dated 16 September 1977.
A major program revision occurred in 1976.
It was described in detail in last year's report (Northern States Power Company, 1977).
i 8
-+
N ALCO ENVI ADNMENTAL SCIENCES IV.
Results and Discussion All of the scheduled collections and analyses were made except those listed in Table 3.
Several collections and analyses additional to those required by the program of Table 1 were made.
These are listed in Table 4.
All results are summarized in Table 5 in a format recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in Regulatory Guide 4. 8.
For each type of analysis of each sampled medium, this table lists the mean and range for all indicator locations and for all control locations.
The location with the highest mean and results for this location are also shown.
A.
Atmospheric Nuclear Detonations Three atmospheric nuclear detonations in the People's Republic of China had a major impact on monitoring program results in late 1976 and during much of 1977.
Two of these detonations occurred in late 1976 (26 September and 17 November) and one in late 1977 (17 September).
This section briefly reviews information about the tests and their environmental effects as reported by the U.
S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1977a, b, c).
The September 1976 detonation had an explosive power equiva-lent to 20 - 200 kilotons of TNT and injected the majority of its radioactive material into a portion of the troposphere below 35,000 feet.
The radioactive air mass reached the United States about five days after the test and produced elevated radioactivity levels in air particulates collected at ground level.
In sone parts of the United States, it also caused elevated iodine-131 levels in milk.
9
o N ALCO ENVIRONMENTAL BCIENCES The November 1976 detonation had a yield of four megatons and injected the majority of its radioactive debris high into the stratosphere wnere residence times are much longer than in the troposphere.
Almost no immediate ef fects were seen at ground level.
However, longer-lived radionuclides from this test were expected to trickle down and influence ground level activities over a period of several years.
The 17 September 1977 test had an estimated yield of 20 kilotons and injected radioactive debris into the upper troposphere (30,000 to 40,000 feet).
The leading edge of the contaminated air mass passed over the western edge of the continental United States on 21 September 1977 and probably crossed the country in two days.
During following weeks, it caused elevated gross beta activities in air particulates and elevated levels of iodine-131 in milk in nearly all parts of the United States.
B.
Program Findings A number of program findings reflect ef fects of the Chinese nuclear tests.
The chief environmental indicators of test ef fects were airborne particulates, airborne iodine, natural vege-tation, and milk.
1.
Air particulates In the first quarter of 1977 weekly gross beta activi-ties in airborne particulates were typically in the range 0.03 to 3
3 0.11 pCi/m and averaged 0.06 pCi/m.
In the second quarter the average rose a factor of nearly 5 to 0.2F pCi/m3 In the third 3
quarter beta activities moderated, averaging 0.17 pCi/m for the quarter and falling to first quarter levels by September.
This was 10
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES a
followed by a sharp rise in gross beta activity observed for air l
particulates collected during the period 27 September to 4 October.
For the seven sampling. stations, activities averaged 0.35 pCi/m3 l
Activities remained elevated throughout October _but returned to first quarter levels in November and remained there through the end of the year.
l i
The two prominent features of the gross beta varia-tions are the " spring peak" of the second quarter and the sharp rise l
in the sampling period 27 September to 4 October.
Two pieces of i
evidence indicate conclusively that neither of these peaks is l
attributable to the~ plant.
In the first place,; increases of similar size occurred simultaneously at both the indicator and control i
l locations.
Secondly, both rises were observed nationwide at air sampling stations operated by the EPA (U.
S. Environmental Protection l
Agency, _1977a,c).
i The 1977 spring peak was an instance of a phenomenon that is cbserved worldwide almost annually (Wilson et al, 1969).
i These spring peaks have been attributed to fallout of. nuclides from the stratosphere (Gold et al, 1964).
The pronounced size of the 1977 spring peak is due to the large inventory of radionuclides in-l-
jected into the stratosphere by tMe November 1976. Chinese nuclear detonation.
The' sharp rise that began with the sampling period 27 September to 4 -October is attributable to fallout of radionuclides
~
injected into the troposphere by the 17 September 1977 Chinese test.
The gamma-scan results : are consistent with the above-inte rpretations.
In comparison with their January levels, the activities of zirconium-95, cesium-137 and - cerium-144 rose in the 1
I 11
._m 1^
i NALCO ENViptDNMENTAL SCIENCES J
I spring by factors of 40, more than 65, and more than 97, respectively.
The peak levels of zirconium-95 and cerium-144 were similar (0.10 and 0.08'pCi/m3, respectively), while that for cesium-137 'was. about I
10 times lower (0.007 pCi/m3).
Similar ratios were observed after i'
i the 17 - September Chinese nuclear test.
These relative values are consistent with those expected for fission products produced by i
i a nuclear explosion in the first six months after the explosion.
i f
In contrast, approximately equal levels of the three fission i
products would be expected shortly af ter a uniform release of i
fission products from a nuclear reactor (Eisenbud, 1963).
e There was no indication of a plant ef fect in any 1
of the air particulate data.
Gross beta levels at.all seven l
sampling stations were in general similar each._ week.
The yearly j
average activities for six of the locations were clustered in the l
narrow range 0.163 to 0.171 pCi/m.
The average for station M-2, 3
one of the two control locations, was somewhat lower, 0.133 pCi/m3, i
l This could be caused by different micrometeorological or dust i
conditions at this location.
i i
2.
Airborne Iodine f
Airborne iodine-131 results. were below detection _.
?
I limits in all cases except one.
During the period 27 September to i
l-
- 4. October 19 77, 0. 0 910. 0 3 pC1/m3 of iodine-131 were detected at n
the control location M-1.
The-presence of this short-lived: isotope 2
[
'(of half-life 8.04 days). is-~ attributable.to the 17 September 1977 l
. Chinese nuclear detonation.
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3.
Natural Vegetation i
t Results - for natural-vegetation reflected the fallout effects observed in the airborne particulate data, but with a
)
striking difference.
The semi-annual collections were made in: the 4
l spring (25 May) and the _ fall (4 October).
The spring collection 4
yielded zirconium-95-and cerium-144 levels in the range 0.2'to 3
t l
0.5 pCi/g wet, with cesium-137 activities averaging.about 10 times lower.
The fall collection - made just 17 days' after the -17 Septem-l ber nuclear test - yielded startlingly higher results.
For the l-three sampling locations tho levels averaged 1.
pct /g wet for
}
zirconium-95 and 5.7 pCi/g wet for cerium-144, i.e., about 20 times I
the spring results.
One of the samples contained cesium-137 at i
about 10 times its spring levels.
In addition, all three contained i-j iodine-131 at an average level of.F.1 pC1/g= wet, whereas all t
l spring samples.had contained'<0.03 pCi/g wet.
Because of these i
elevated levels, a repeat collection.was made 15 days later.
The i
concentrations. of zirconium-95, cesium-137, and cerium-14 4 increased f
somewhat while the average iodine-131l level dropped a f actor of 2. 4.
)
j The iodine-131 data is consistent with the~ detection-j of airborne iodine-131.
The presence of the other three isotopes
[
is consistent with their observation in air particulates.
- However,
[
there is a striking spring-to-fall alteration in :the ratios of -
vegetation'to' air particulate concentrations.- The concentrations-of the three ' isotopes inLoctober air particulates were lower than _ in -
May air particulates, but in-October vegetation these -isotopes were o
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present in amounts about' 20'. times the May con trations.
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possible explanation is that much of: the activity found on the October samples was brought to the ground by precipitation and not by air particulates.
Area meteorological-records indicate.that-i frequent rain occurred just before the collection.
For some of the analyses, indicator results aver-a l
aged above control results.
For others, tne reverse was true.
t j
None of the dif ferences were statistically significant, however, i
f so no plant effect is indicated.
L 4.
Milk l
l Most of the measurements made on milk samples col-i lected prior to the 17 September 1977 Chinese nuclear ~ test did not 1
show either specific effects of the 1976 nuclear tests or effects i
attributable to the plant.
Most results for iodine-131 were below i
).
- 0. 25 pCi/1, and all were below 0. 38 pCi/1.
Zirconium-95 and cerium-144 were not detected.
Strontium-90 results averaged higher at the i
control location M-10 (Kirchenbauer), and all were in the range i
j 1.3 to 12 pCi/1, a range consistent with 1976 observations at Monticello.
Strontium-90 levels in this range are attributable to ii worldwide fallout from previous atmospheric nuclear tests and reflect the long half-life (28.6 y) of this isotope.
Most of the cesium-137
{
results were within the' 1976. range of 2. 7 to 11 pCi/l and were Lin i.
[
general higher at the control location.
Cesium-137 is also a
{
long-lived component (with a half-life of 30.2 y) of worldwide fallout.
Finally, most of the. strontium-89 results in 1977 were f-
<l. 3 pCi/1, in agreement with all of.the 1976 measurements.
i However, occasional elevatad ' levels of cesium-137 i~
and strontium-89 were observed.
In the period January to September, s
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three of the 18 cesium-137 analyses yielded results above 11 pCi/1.
All three were at the control location and averaged 19 pCi/1.
Seven l-of the 18 strontium-89 analyses yielded results above 1.3 pCi/1.
8 These sevan measurements averaged 8.2 pCi/1.
The control location
- Thus, results averaged approximately twice the indicator results.
l no plant effect is indicated in either set of elevated observations.
3 l
l The presence of long-lived cesium-137 could be due to stratospheric 1
fallout from the November 1976 test or earlier tests.
Since-the j
half-life of surontium-89 is only 51 days, the November 1976
)
atmocpheric test is a possible source for its presence in the environment.
An increase in strontium-89 levels unaccompanied by any apparent increase in strontium-90 levels is understandable on j
the basis of yield curves for megaton weapons.
Tan days af ter ex-l plosion of a megaton weapon strontiam-89 activity exceeds otrontium-t l
90 activity by a factor of more than 100.
Strontium-89 activity i
f continues to exceed strontium-90 activity until nearly a year has paased (Eisenbud, 1963).
Milk samples collected after the 17 September Chinese i
nuclear test showed substantially elevated levels of iodine-131.
l l
In samples collected 11 October, concentrations ranged from 38 to-l' 213 pCi/1, more than 800 times normal levels -(<0.25 pCi/1), and I
levels nearly as high were observed in a -special collection-made -
[
These elevated re'sults are clearly; due to the 17 Septem-20 October.
l ber Chinese test. - Their period of occurrence and magnitude are consistent witn results1 found nationwide by_ the EPA.
For example,
i the EPA detected iodine-131 in pasteurized milk samples collected I
i I
15 i
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NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL. SCIENCES in 37 states -during the week ending 12 October.
Concentrations ranged from 13 to 78 pCi/1.
For other weeks levels as high as 119 pCi/l were reported (U.
S._ Environmental Protection-Agency,1977c).
The EPA samples-are composites from many locations, so in general their levels are expected to be lower -than those of _ samples col-lected from individual farms.
The elevated iodine-131 levels -in milk (up.to 213 pCi/1) collected near Monticello are consistent with the observed presence of airborne iodine-131 (at up to 0.09-3 pCi/m ) and iodine-131 on vegetation (at up to 9.9 pCi/g wet).
These results nicely illustrate the well-known air-to-vegetation-to-milk pathway.
Moderately elevated levels of strontium-89 (33 and 10 pCi/l at the control and indicator locations, respectively) were also observed in the 11 October milk samples and are attributable to the test.
No significant changes were seen in strontium-90 and cesium-137 concentrations, however.
This absence of an effect is consistent with the low initial production of these isotopes in-nuclear explosions (Eisenbud,_1963).
Also, no zirconium-95 or ce rium-14 4 was detected in post-test milk samples despite their increased levels in vegetation.' This is consistent with the finding of the National Center for Radiological Health that most radiocon-taminants in feed do not find their way into milk due to the selective metabolism of the cow.
The common exceptions are radio-isotopes of potassium, cesium, strontium, barium, and iodine - (Nation-al Center for Radiological Health,196 8) ~.
In summary, the milk data for 1977 show no effects of the plant, but do exhibit substantial jumps in iodine-131' levels 16 l
j
)
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES l.
and moderate increases ' in strontium-89 levels attributable to fall-out from recent atmospheric nuclear tests, i
1 5
Well Water
}
Tritium levels ranged from <150 to 4 30 pCi/1.
There were nc statistically significant dif ferences between the indicator 4
wells and the control well.
All.of the gamma scan results were below detection limits except' for sporadic trace detections of potassium-40.
There is no indication of a plant ef fect in the data.
l 6.
Crops' I
l-Corn and potatoes were collected-in August and analyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes.
Cabbages were also collected f
in August and analyzed for iodine-131.
All results except for i
potassium-40 were below detection limits.
There is no indication l
of a plant e f fect.
7 Small Game Animals l
j.
Rabbits were caught ~ in February and October.
All f
results for liver were below detection limits.
Low levels of-l cesium-137 averaging 0.08 pCi/g wet were observed in flesh of n
I all the samples.
There -were no statistically significant differ-i ences between indicator and control averages 'or between February and
[
Octob^r averages.
.There was one trace observation-of cerium-144.
i There is no indication of a plant effect.
t 8
River:-Water and Drinking Water I
Tritium averaged 240 pCi/l upstream of-the = plant, e
f 250 pCi/l just downstream:of the plant and 290 pCi/l in Minneapolis l
drinking water.
The dif ferences are not - statistically significant I
(
17 c
.m____..-~.._.,___.
_ _ _ _., -. ~....
NALCD ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 5 since the typical measuring error is about 100 pCi/1.
Cesium-137 was detected at levels above the 2.5-pCi/l detection limit only sporadically (in four of 36 analyses).
The four results averaged 3.4 pCi/1, and none exceeded the detection limit.by a statistically significant amount.
No other gamma-emitting isotopes were detected.
Gross beta and strontium-89 and -90 measurements were made on Minneapolis drinking water, but not river water.
Gross beta activity averaged 3.4 pCi/1.
Strontium-89 was below
- 1. 3 pCi/l in all measurements.
Strontium-90 was below 0.4 pCi/l in three" analyses and 0.7 0.3 pCi/1 in the fourth.
Comparison with gross beta and strontium-90 data reported by the EPA for Minneapolis drinking water samples collected in 1975, 1976 and.1977 indicates that their concentrations are remaining fairly constant and are in the range of drinking water levels in other parts of the country (U.
S.
Environmental Protection Administration, 1975, 1976, 1977a).
There is no indication of a plant effect.
9.
Fish Fish samples were caught in June, October and No vembe r.
Separate gamma scans were made of flesh and bones.
Results for zirconium-95 and cerium-144 were below detection limits.
j Cesium-137 averaged higher in upstream samples than ' downstream.
Thus, there is no indication of a plant effect.
10.
Algae.
4 Algae were collected on 22 June and 28 September and analyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes.
The indicator averages were higher-than the control averages for zirconium-95, cesium-137, and cerium-144, but the differences are not statistically significant.
l 18 l.
i
. _, -. -.... _. - _. _.....,. _,. ~,.... _.. _ _. _ _.. _ _ _.... _ _ _,.,
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES The 17 September nuclear test had no noticeable influence.
No-plant ef fect is indicated.
11.
Aquatic Insects Aquatic insects were collected on 22 June and 25 October and analyzed - for strontium-89 and -90 and gamma-emitting isotopes.
There were no significant differences between upstream and downstream data.
No plant effect is indicated.
12.
Aquatic Vegetation Aquatic vegetation was collected on 22 June. and 28 September and analyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes.
Control location results in general exceeded indicator results, but the differences are not significant.
The 17 September nuclear test did not noticeably affect the data.
No plant effect is indicated.
-13.
Bottom or Shore Sediment Sediment collections were made on 5 April and 7 October.
Analyses for gamma-emitting isotopes were made.
Indica--
tor results for cesium-137 averaged higher than ' control results but the difference is not significant since it is of the order of fluctuations between the two collections.
Cerium-144 was below detection limits.
. Zirconium-95 was higher at the - control-location.
No plant effect is indicated.
- 14.
Imbient Radiation-(TLD's)
Indicator TLD's averaged --16.1 mrem /91 days -.and con-i trol TLD's averaged 17.0 mrem /91 days.
There is no ' indication of a plant effect.
There was a substantial difference between the annual averages for the two control locations (13.9 and 20.0 mrem /91 19-
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL BCIENCES days).
This is attributable to dif ferences in local background radiation from natural sources.
20
e e
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES V.
Tables E
21
Table 1.
Sample collection and analysis program, 1977.
Monticello Collection Analysis Locations Type and Type (and b
Frequency)c Medium No.
Codes (and Type)"
Frequency l
TLD's 7
M-1(C), M-2(C),
C/Q Ambient gamma M-3 to M-7 dose 2
Airborne particulates 7
M-1(C), M-2 (C),
C/W GB, GS (MC of M-3 to M-7 all locations) fn Airborne iodine 3
M-1(C),
M-5, C/W I-131 0
m M-7 2
Pulk 3
M-24 to M-26 G/M I-131 3
2 M-10 (C), M-18 G/M I-131, Sr-89, O
2 Sr-90, GS E
N" l
Well water 4
M-10 (C), M-ll to G/Q H-3, GS M-13 I
Edible cultivated 2
M-10 (C), M-27 G/A I-131 8
crops - cabbage l
Edible cultivated 2
M-10 (C), M-18 G/A GS a
crops - corn a
Edible cultivated 2
M-10 ( C), M-21 G/A GS 8
crops - potatoes Small game animals 2
M-16, M-17(C)
G/SA GS (Liver and Flesh)
Natural vegetation 3
M-10 (C), M-18, G/SA I-131, GS M-19
Monticello Table 1.'
(continued)-
Collection Analysis Locations Type and Type (and b
Medium No.
Codes (and Types) <2 Frequency Frequency) c Topsoil.
12 M-1(C), M-2 G/ETY GS, Sr-90 to M-7, M-18 to M-21, M-26 2
River water 2
M-8(C), M-9 G/W GS(MC), H-3(OC)
D' r
Drinking water 1
M-14 G/W GB, GS (MC), H-3 l
b l
C Fish (Two species, 2
M-8(C), M-9 G/SA GS.
g Flesh and Bones) g 2
Algae or Aquatic 2
M-8(C), M-9 G/SA Sr-89, Sr-90 g
"w GS E
Insects 2
j Aquatic ' vegetation 2'
M-8(C), M-9 G/SA GS r
Bottom Sediment 2
M-8(C), M-9 G/SA GS g
S Shoreline sediment 1
M-15 G/SA GS.
m 2
C1amsd 2
M-8(C), M-9 G/SA' GS
'O N
3
' Location codes'are defined in Table 3.
Control stations' are indicated by (C).
^
All other stations are indicatorst b
Collection: type is coded as follows:.C/ = continuous, G/ = grab.
Collection frequency is coded as follows :
W = weekly, M = ronthly, Q = quarterly, SA =
semi-annually, A =' annually, ETY = every three years.
c -Analysi6-type is coded as follows:
GB = gross beta, GS = gamma spectroscopy,
'H-3 = tritium, Sr-89 = strontium-89, Sr-90 = strontium-90, I-131 = iodine-131.
Analysis frequency is coded as follows :
MC = monthly composite, QC. = quarterly' composite.
d Clams were removed fron the program by Revision 35 to the Technical Specifications dated'9-16-77.-
NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 5 Table 2.
Samp'Ing locations Monticello Code Type Name Location a
M-1 C
Station M-1 11.1 mi @ 306*/NW M-2 C
Station M-2 8.8 mi @ 39'/NE M-3 Station M-3 0.7 mi @ 353'/N M-4 Station M-4 0.0 mi @ 23'/NNE M-5 Station M-5 0.5 mi @ 181*/S M-6 Station M-6 0.9 mi 0 150*/SSE M-7 Station M-7 2.7 mi @ 136*/SE M-8 C
Upstream of Plant 0.2 mi @ 285'/WNW (1,000 ft.)
M-9 Downstream of Plant (1,000 ft.)
0.4 mi @
62'/ENE M-10 C
Kirchenbauer Farm 11.5 mi @ 3T3'/NW M-ll City of F>nticello 3.2 mi @ 328'/SE M-12 Plant Well #1 (on-site) 0.2 mi @ 267'/W H+13 Trunnel Farm 0.3 mi @ 214'/SW M-14 City of Minneapolis 36 mi @ 128'/SE M-15 Montisippi Park 1.6 mi @ ll7'/ESE M-16 P: ant Site (on-site)
On-site M-17 C
Heberling Farm 12 mi @ 258'/WSW M-18 Olson Farm 2.5 mi @ 24*/NNE M-19 Plant Site Area 1.0 mi @ 323'/NW M-20 Gillespie Residence 1.2 mi @ 134*/SE M-21 Ewing Farm 4.9 mi @ 115'/ESE M-22 Dechene Farm 4.7 mi @ ll8'/ESE M-23 Bohanon Farm 1.2 mi @ 156'/SSE M-24 Nelson Farm 2.4 mi @ 269'/h M-25 Shovelain Farm 3.0 mi 0 250*/WSW M-26 Peterson Farm 2.3 mi @ lil'/ESE M-27 Hageman Farm
- 1. 4 nd @ 131'/SE
^
"C" denotes control location.
All other locations are indicators.
I l
24 l
i i
t t
f Table 3.
Missed collections and analyses, 1977.
Monticello Coll. Date Sample Analysis Iocation or Period Comments i
Air particulates Gross beta M-1 to M-7 3-29 to 4-05-77 Samples missing, i
and airborne and apparently lost in l
iodine I-131 transit or misplaced in laboratory 2
l D
M-1 to M-7 11-08 to 11-15-77 Samples, lost in
{
3 transit 0
Clams Gamma M-8, M-9 1st half year No samples found l
scan when collection
' attempted j
O Fish (flesh Gamma M-8, M-9 lst half year Due to laboratory Z
j d
and bones) scan error, the two E
i species were analyzed a
conbined instead of Z
separately l
l r
i Gamma M-8 2nd half year Same as above e
i scan n
a 2
ns S
r i
i
}
I k
1
..___.__._m
Table 4.
Additional collections and analyses, 1977."
Monticello Sample Analysis Location Coll. Date Comment Algae Gamma M-8, M-9 6-22-77 Analysis not required and 9-28-77 since insects were scan collected and analyzed Natural I-131 M-10, M-18, 10-19-77 Additional collection Vegetation Gamma M-19 made because of D
elevated I-131 levels O
(grass) scan found in milk samples a
collected after 9 Z 77 Chinese nuclear I
test 3
0 2
w Milk I-131 M-10, M-18, 10-20-77 Same as above 3
M-24, M-25, l
M-26 4)r-Collections and analyses in addition to those required by program of Table 1.
a 9m Z
D N
5
-...... - -.... ~ -.... -. - -. - -
-...-..-.n
- ~ -.. -.. -.. ~ - - - _..- ~... - - -
f i
i i
v 1
i
)'
Table 5.
Environmental Radiological Monitoring program Stausary.
Name of facility setmt tcello Muclear Generating Plant Docket No.
50-263 c
Location of facility wright. Minnesota Reporting period January - Deceimber.1977.
(County, state) l 2
Indicator location with Highest Control
.)
Saaiple Type and Incations Annuel Mean locations Member of p
[
Type Number of Mean[F)C Mean(F)
Mean(F) non-routine i
(Units)
Analyses
- LIN Range Incation Range Range mesults' b
c d
O TLD Camune 28 3.0 16.1 (20/20)
M-1 20.0 (4/4) 17.0 (s/s) 0 E
r 8 -rouv91 days)
(13.8-18.5) 11.1 mi 306* tas (19.9-20.6)
(13.7-20.6)
Z Air Ga 357 0.002 0.167 (^55/255) so-4 0.171 (51/51) 0.150 (102/102) 0 g
g partic lates (0.022-0.502) e.0 mi 23* MNE (0.028-0.502)
(0.019-0.439) l
}
(PC1/m )
E
[
O i
l Air.
y scan 12 l
.g I
,~
pa rticulates Mone O
t
[
monthly cree-K-40 0.014 (LLD posite of all tr-95 0.0014 0.027 (11/12)
Mone 0
4
..,g Ny'g ations g
../m3)
(0.0024-0.0950) i Z
Mone 0
es-137 0.0010 0.0029 (9/12)
(0.0013-0.0065) f w
J q
I ce-144 0.0036 0.0037 (3/12) tene 0
j (0.012-0.072) g Airborne' 1-131 153 0.02f (LLD M-1 0.09 (1/51) 0.09 (1/51) 0 i
O
[
Iodine 11.1 mi 306* tot j
g 2
i Milk 1-131 60 0.259 54 (8/48)
Nelson M-24 140 (1/12) 56 (2/12) 0
-(pCi/1)
(0.30-210) 2.4 mi 269* w (1.6-110]
g
[
I-1 31 5
0.25 50 (4/4) shovelain M-25 146 (1/1) 29 (1/1)
O E
(special)h (13 146) 3.0 mi 250* Wses sr 74 1.3 6.6 (5/12)
R1rchenbauer M-10 13 (6/12) 13 (6/12)
O j
(1.9-10) 11.5 sai 323* tes (3.2-33)
(3.2-33) r I
i h
NOTE: Atmospheric nuclear detonations which occurred in China in late lyt 6 and late 197f (as discussed in s
i the text,Section IV. A ), caused elevated levels of activity in many of the media sacpled. Effects i
j of fallout from the detonations were seen most clearly in elevated results obtained for air particulates, airborne iodine, natural vegetation, ani milk, as discussed in Section IV.B., of the text.
1 3
i a
l
,-.. ~. ~
, ~,... -
. - ~.. _. -.
.. ~ -. ~.
- - ~. -. ~
. _ _ ~. _.
i i
i J
l
)
I l
l i
I Table S.
- (contimmed) j samme of facility ebaticello nuclear Generatina Plant f
Indicator W ation wit.h Haghest Controh Annual Mean Locations asumber of I
Sample Type and locationg Type thumber of '
Mean(F)
Meangr}
Mean(F) non-routine g
(Units)'
Analyses *'
LLts y,,,9,c goe ggoo Range Range Pesults' d
b-O
[
Milk:(cont.)
Sr-90 24 0.6 4.1 (12/12) st rchenbauer M-10 7.1 (12/12) 7.1 (12/12) 0 (1.3-12) 11.5 mL 323* tee (1.1-11)
(1.1-11' O
~B i
y scan 24 K-40 120 1309 (12/12 oleon M-18 1300 (12/12) 1260 (12/121 0
(1220-1430) 2.5 mi 2 4
- test (1220-1430)
(1190-1410)
(
[
f'
.Er-95 25 (LLD
<LLD 0
I O
Cs-137 2.8 4.7 (10/12)
Bi rchenbatser M-10 11 (12/12) 11 (12/12) 0 j
^E
}
(4.0-9.1) 11.5 al 323* wu (5.7-22)
(5.7-22)
< LID 0
1.
- Co-144 60 (LLD 3
1 g
Well water.
H-3 16 150 370 (4/12)
Plant Well 91 M-12 410 (3/4) 3 30 (4/4) e
'[ :'
(pC1/1)
(230-430) 0.2 mi 267* W (380-430)
(260-390) 6 h
[
N 02 y scan 16 I
K-40 30 34 (2/12)
Trunnel M-13 37 (1/4) 52 (1/4) 0 E
( 30-37).
0.3 mi 214" Sw O
i 4
sr-95 4.0
<11D
<11D 0
g 3
\\
Cs-13.7 2.9
<LLD
<LLD 0
.ce-144 14
<LLD (LLD O'
G f
j a-crops - corn y mean..
2 E
i f
(pci/9 wet) l
- K-40 0.02 2.05 (1/1) 01 son M-Is 2.3 (1/1) 1.02 (1/3) o 2.5 mi 24* Inst v
4 I
1 h
I i
i f
i i
a.
e Table 5.
(continued)
Name of facility m mticello Nuclear Generating Plant Indicator W ation wath tiighest Control Sarsple Type and locationg Annual Mean Locations I* umber of Type Number of Mean(F)
Mean(F)
Mean(F) non-routine Z
(Units)
Analyses
- Ltd Range Incation Range Pange Results*
C d
g Crope - corn Ir-9*
O.04 (LLD (LID 0
(cont. )
O Cs-137 0.0077
<LLD (LLD o
O Ce-144 0.041
( LID (LLD 0
5 2
Crope -
y scan 2
(
pot stoes (pC1/g wet)
K-40 0.02 3.92 (1/1)
Deing Pi-21 3.92 (1/1) 3.36 (1/1) w 3
4.9 mi 115* ESE O
E Ce-144 0.0 31 (LLD (LID G
2 Crops - cabbag I-131 2
g e
(PC1/g wet) p Small Game y scan W
Animals Q
(pC1/9 wet)
E Ir-95 2.8 (LLD C'1D 0
2 0
< t.LD 0
E CW-144 1.8
<LLD (LLD 0
E
..m...
..-m_-._..._.mm.
~ _ _. -.... -. _ _ -
a
.1
?
i 1
I i
.3 I
Table 5.
'(continued)
Ibnticello Nuclear Generating Plant Name of facility t
i Indicator Location with Highest controi Annual Mears locations setmuber of Sample Type and Locationg Type Number of Mean(F)
Mean(r)
Mean(F) non-routine (Units)
Analyses" LLD pang,c W ation Range Range Desults' Z
b d
i Small Game y scan 4
I Animals (cont.
N riesh R-40 0.10 3.4 (2/2)
Flant site M-16 3.4 (2/2) 1.7 (2/2) 0 (pci/g wet)
(2.7-4.1)
On site (2.7-4.1)
(1.5-1.8)
Q l
E l
2 Cs-137 0.010 0.063 (2/2)
Heberling M-17 0.09 (2/2) 0.09 (2/2) e g
(0.038-0.089) 12 mi 256' WSW (0.026-0.16)
(0.026-0.16)
S 5
4 Co-144 0.0 72 0.22 (1/2)
Flant site M 0.22 (1/2)
(LLD 0
O On site Z
wegetation E-e Natural y scan 6
g.
(pci/g wet)
K-40 0.93 4.7 (4/4)
Elrchenbetser M-10 5.6 (1/2) 5.6 (1/2)
O E
1 (2.5-7.1) 11.5 mi 323' Ntt g
f 3r-95 0.10 5.7 (4/4)
Birchenbauer M-10 6.2 (2/2) 6.2 (2/2) 0 ta i
O (0.25-12) 11.5 mi 32 3* Ntf (0.25-12)
(0.25-12) p i-I-131 0.024 8.7 (2/4)
Rirchenbauer M-10 9.9 (1/2) 9.9 (1/22 0
g (8.5-8.9) 11.5 mi 323' Net g
~
Co-137 0.18 0.36 (1/4)
Plant site M-19 0.36 (1/2)
(LLD 0
3
[
1.0 mi 323* MN g
0
]
Ce-144 0.20 3.2 (4/4)
Plant site M-19 3.5 (2/2) 2.7 (2/2) 0 (0.48-6.6) 1.0 mi 32 3* fet (0.48-6.6)
(0.28-5.2)
E i
i i
k 4
4 i
I r
t h
I 1
I E
4 a
r 1
t i
b I
r g
e,
_._.__..---___m._
m
+
4 Table 5.
(continued)
Name of facility Pbnticello Nuclear Generating Plant Indicator Location wath Haghest Control Sample Type and Locationg Annual Mean Locations member of Type Number of Mean(F)
Mean(F)
Mean(F) non-routine gy g,9,c Location Range Ramje Besults'
{
d a
(Units)
Analyses D
Natural y scan 3
p vegetation, special collec<-
K-40 0.93 5.3 (2/2)
Plant site M-19 5.4 (1/1) 2.9 (1/1) 0 O
tion (5.1-5.4) on site
.O (PC1/g wetti
+
E r-95 0.10 16 (2/2)
Olson M-te is (1/1) 11 (1/1) 0 g
(14-18) 2.5 mi 24* NME
}
I-131 0.024 4.4 (2/2)
Olson M-18 5.6 (1/1) 2.7 (1/2) 0
(
(3.1-5.6) 2.5 mi 24* test 3
Cs-137 0.18 0.60 (2/2) 01 son M-18 0.70 (1/13 0.59 (1/13 e
O (0.49-0.70) 2.5 mi 24* NME 5
-2 i
Ce-144 0.20 11 (2/2)
Olson W1s 12 (1/1) 6.0 (1/1) 0 y
(9-12) 2.5 mi 24' NME
.3 i
E l.
Rint water M-3' 8
140 250 (4/4)
Downstream M-9 250 (4/4) 240 (4/4) 0 i
g La.
(pCi/1)
(140-350) 0.4 mi 62* ENE (140-350)
(220-280) f 9
y scan 24 pr V
5 4
g Cs-137 2.5 2.9 (2/12)
Downstream W9 2.9 (2/12)
(LLD 0
3 (2.7-3.0) 0.4 mi 62* ENE (2.7-3.G*
l Ce-144 60 (LLD (LLO O
O E
j Drinking water GB 12 0.5 3.4 (12/12) ptinneapolis M-14 3.4 (12/12) none 0
I (pci/1)
(2.2-4.2),
36 mi 120* SE (2.2-4.2) 4 e
i i
i l
r 5
1 e
n n
.--.___....._...__m__.
..-......._m._..__..___,
._m
.m__.m.~mm.....m__m._.2_
b l'
I I
i' 1i 1
1 Table 5.
(continued)
Name of facility mn t i c l b Ntsc h a r f'enmentina Plan
- I' Indicator Location with Haghest control i
Sample Type and locations Annual Mean Locations seumber of i
rype neunber of Mean(F)c mean g)
Meantr) non-routine (Unite)
Analyses
- LIM Range 1m ation Range Range Deewits*
E C
d t
p j
Drinking water n-3 4
150 290 (3/4)
Minneapolis
- 9-14 290 (3/46 Mone e
(cont.)
(270-310) 36 mi 128* SE (270-310)
G
]
Sr-89 4
- 1. 3
<LLD teone 0
O U
i Sr-90 4
0.4 0.65 (1/4)
Mineapolis M-14 0.65 (1/4) soone O
E 36 mi 128' SE g
[
I y scan 12 T.
E l
R-40 40 (LLD feone O
O i
tr-95 25 (LLD Mone 0
i g
Cs-137 2.5 3.8 (2/12)
Minneapolis M-14 3.3 (2/12)
None e
(2.5-4.9) 36 mi 128* SE
( 2. 6 -4.'9 )
g E
On-144 60 (11D esone e
g
}
l a
ta N
Fish - Flesh y scan 5
[
i IPCi/g wetI K-40 0.05 2.5 (3/3) tipst ream M-8 2.8 (2/2) 2.8 (2/2) 0 f
r (1. 0- 3.5 )
- 0. 2 mi 2 85
- WNtd (2. 7-2. 9,)
(2.7-2.9) 4 O
f a
~
tr-95 0.07s, (11D
<!1D 0
Q i
Cs-137 0.005 0.024 (3/3)
Upetream M-8 0.004 (2/2) 0.084 (2/2)
O E
(0.0082-0.042) 0.2 mi 285* w!st (0.029-0.14)
(0.029-0.14) g Co-144-0.056 (LLD (LLD 0
D k
E j
rish - sones.
y scan 5
g (pcl/g dry)
K-40 3.5 4.1 (2/3)
Downstream M-9 4.1 (2/3) 7.8 (1.2) 0 (4.0-4.2)
- 0. 4 mi 6 2
- Erst (4.0-4.2) r l
3 t
I 1
L r
?
F a
i I
t
m._m
.._..m.
m.m..
m.---
m.
. ~. _ _. -
.. ~... - -... - - _. - _ _ _.
...-m.__._..._
_m
-.m,-
.mm__
i i
s I
i i
i 4
L I
t I
Table 5.
(continued)
I Nmme of facility
' femticello Nuclear Generating Plant f
Indicator Incation with Highest Control
[
Sample Type and tocations Annual Mean tocations Ntasber of Type Nusber of Mean(Fl*
Mean(F)
Mean(F)
'non-routine (Units)
Analyses
- Ltd Range Location he hw h tts' E
C O
Fish - Bones tr-95 1.0 (LLD
<11D 0
t I
(cont.)
I Cs-137 0.19 (LLD tg> stream M-s 0.23 (1/2) 0.23 (1/2p e
0 0.2 mi 285* WN" O
i
}
co-144 0.93 (Lim
<LLD 0
g 5.
Algasi ~
y scan 4
I f
i.
(pCr/g dry)
(
K-40 11
< LIE
< !1D 0
=
tr-95 3.0 9.2 (2/2) tbwns t ream M-9 9.2 (2/2) 7.5 (2/2) e r
(7.4-11) 0.4 ud 62* ENE (7.4-11)
(2.7-12) 2 Cs-137 0.70 0.98 (2/2)
Downstream 86-9 0.90 (2/2)
(11 0 0
(0.74-1.2) 0.4 ud 62* ENE (0.74-1.2) i Ce-144 1.0 8.0 (2/2)
Downstream M-9 8.0 (2/2) 7.0 (2/2) 0
.i LJ (6.4-9.5) 0.4 mi 62* ENE (6.4-9.51 (2.5-12)
E b.R Aquatic insectii S r-89 4
i (PC1/g dry) p 1
Sr-90^
4 0.37 0.30 (1/2)
Downstream M-9 0.38 (1/2)
<LLD e
0.4 mi 62* ENE g
[
}
y scan J4 J
Z j
Ir-95 10 (Ltb Upstream 86-3 14 (1/2) 14 (1/21 0
g i
j.
0.2 mi 285* www g
i es-in 1.1
<nD
<up a
5
[
?
4 i
c l
i e
't i
I i
l l
t
- - -. -. -. - - - - - - - - ~ -. - --
1 Table 5.
(continued)
Name of facility st>nticello Nuclear Generstinez Plant Indicator Location wath Highest Control Sample.
Type and ucationg Annual Mean Locations Mtadier of Type shamber of insan (F)
Meantr)
Mean(F) non-routine (Units)
Analyses
- LM Range Location Range Range Results'
{
C d
Aquatic insecti Co-144 5.5 6.5 (1/2)
Upstream M-8 6.5 (1/2) 6.5 (1/2) 0 i
(cont.)
0.2 mi 285* tent IO Drunstream M-9 6.5 (1/2)
O.4 mi 62* ENE O
Aq uatic y scan 4
vegetation g
(pC1/g dry)
K-40 0.70 14 (2/2)
Upstream M-8 20 (2/2) 20 (2/2)
O E
(13-14) 0.2 mi 285* tese (10 - 30)
(10 - 30)
Ir-95 0.50 1.7 (2/2)
Upstream M-8 2.3 (2/2) 2.3 (2/2)
O
]
(0.95-2.4) 0.2 mi 285* inas (1.5-3.13
( 1. 5-3.1 )
O Co-137 0.11
<LLD Upstream M-8 0.25 (2/2) 0.25 (2/23 0
2 0.2 mi 285* IfNet (0.19-0.31)
(0.19-0.31)
Os-144 0.84 1.41 (1/2)
Upstreae M-8 2.3 (2/2) 5.3 (2/2) 0 g
y' O.2 mi 295* WNet (1.5-3.23 (1. 5-3. 2 )
c.
E Bottom or y scan 6
Shore sediment (pci/g dry)
K-40 1.4 11 (4/4)
Upstream M-8 11 (2/2) 11 (2/2) e p
(9.1-13) 0.2 mi 285* met (8.8-14)
(8.8-14)
S Downstream M-9 11 (2/2) 0.4 el 62* Ent (9.5-12) g matisippi M-15 11 (2/2) 1.6 mi 117* ESE (9.1-13)
E 2r-95 0.11 0.17 (1/4)
Upstream M-8
- 0. 36 (1/2) 0.36 (1/2) 0
- 0. 2 mi 2 85
- test S
4 S
m..._.
m m.
m.m
.m.
l e
'e 4
r Table 5.
(continued)
Name of facility ht icello Nuclear Generating Plant Indicator location with Highest Control Sample Type and locations Annual Mean locations Wr of f
Type Number of Mean(F)C Mean(r)
Mean(F) non-routine E
IM Range Location Range Range Results'
)
C d
a (Units)
Analyses 5
I t
Bottom or Cs-137 0.01 0.14 (4/4)
Montisippi M-15 0.15 (2/2) 0.083 (2/2)
G Q
{
Shore sedirment (0.11-0.19) 1.6 mi 117* ESE (0.11-0.19) 80.063-0.10)
I (cont.)
Co-144 0.23
< Lis
< Lt.D 0
GB = gross beta.
b LLD = nominal lower limit of detection based on 3 signe error for background sample.
(
)
c Mean and range based upon detectable measurements only.
Fraction of detectable measurements at specified locations l
1s indicated in parentheses (F).
E d locations are specified (1) by nass= and code (Table 2) and (2) distance, direction, and sector relative to reactor site.
O e Monroutine results are those whida esoeed ten times the control station value.
If no control station vales is available.
the result is considered nonroutine if it esceeds ten times the oweocerational value for the location.
'E I Airborne I-131 LLD escludes four low-volume collections at M-1. in which the LLD's ranced from 0.06 to 0.19 oC1/m3 i
9 LLD for 1-131 in milk escludes seven elevated LLD's in the range 0.26 to 0.46 caused by lower than normal chemical l
recovery in the analysis.
E I'
Special additional milk collection 10-20-77.
g W
tn i
.Special additional grams collection 10-19-77.
3 Additional collection not required by technical specifications.
e i
e o
2 E
2 i
n a
E E
i i
t t
I I
I i
l
e NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SclENCES VI.
References Cited
- Eisenbud, M., 1963.
Environmental Radioactivity, McGraw-Hill, New Yo rk, 213, 275 and 276.
- Gold, S.,
H.
W. Barkhau, B.
Shlein, and B.Kahn, 1964.
Measurement of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Air, in The Natural Radiation Environment, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 369-382.
NALCO Environmental Sciences,1975, Quality Control Program, Nuclear Sciences Section, December 1975.
1977a.
Analytical Procedures Manual, Nuclear Sciences Section, Revision 0,11 February 1977.
1977b.
Sampling Procedures, Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant, Revision 8, 7 October 1977.
1977c.
Quality Assurance Manual,12 October 1977.
1978.
Radiation Environmental Monitoring for Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant, Complete--Analysis Data Tables, January - December 1977.
National Center for Radiological Health, 1968.
Radiological Health and Data Reports, Vol. 9, Number 12, 730-746.
Northern States Power Company,1977.
Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant, Annual Radiation Environmental Monitoring Report to the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, January 31, 1976 to December 31, 1976 (prepared by NALCO Environmental Sciences),
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 28 March 19 77.
U.
S. Atomic Energy Commission,1972.
HASL Procedures Manual, Health and Safety Laboratory, New York, N. Y. 10014.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975.
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 2 (September 1975), Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgomery, Alabama.
1976.
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 6 (October 1976), Eastern Environicantal Radiation Facility, Montgomery, Alabama.
, 1977a.
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 9, (July
~
1977), Report 10 (October 1977),. and Report 11 (December 1977),
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgomery, Alabama.
1977b.
EPA Assessment of Fallout in the United States from Atmospheric Nuclear Testing on September 26 and November 17, 1976 by the People's Republic of China, Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.
C.,
August 1977.
16
i e
5 NALCD ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES i
1977c.
Environmental News, 9-18-77 to 11-3-77, j
office of Public Affairs, Washington, D.
C.
i t
U. S.
Public Healt.h Service, 1967.
Radioassay Procedures for Environmental Samples, National Center for Radiological Health, j
Rockville, Maryland (Public Health Service Publication No. 99 9-RH-2 7).
i t
Wilson, D. W., G. M. Ward, and J. E. Johnson, 1969.
In Environmental i
l Contamination by Radioactive Materials, International Atomic j
Energy Agency, p. 125.
l t
i i
f i
4*
l t
b i
i 1
l I
l i-e A
i 4
1 d
i i
37 i
.._,_._.___..._.a...-
e
=
NALCD ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 5 Appendix A Crosscheck Program Results A-1
.__...__m,
.t
-l t
4
' Table A-1.
Crosscheck program results, milk and water samples, 1975-7.a j
6
~
pCi/l or mg/1D NALCO EPA EPA NALCO Sample Result Known Control Code Type Analysis i20C Value Limits (30, n=1)
[
STM-40 Milk Sr-89
<2 0
115 l
}.
Sr-90 7312.5 75 111.4 i
i I-131 9914.2 101
!15.3 2
I Cs-137 7610.0 75 15 7
h
[
1 Ba-140
<3.7 0
115.0 K(mg/1) 147015.6 1510 1228 0
j i
5 STW-45 Water Cr-51
<14 0
2 l
Co-60 421i6 425 63.9 Zn-65 48716 497 174.7 j
1 Ru-106 505116 497 74.7 0
r Cs-134 38513 400 60.0 2
a l
T Cs-137 46813 450
!67.5 E
t w
a
}
SW-4 7 Water H-3 14591144 1499 1002 I
i-STW-48 Water H 2404 34 2204 i1044 r
t g
STW-49 Wate r Cr-51
<14 0
9
[
t.
Co-60 34411 350 iS3 E
l Zn-65 330i5 327 i49 I
l
}
Ru-106-31517 325 149 m
Cs-134 29111 304 146 g
Cs-137 38712 378 57 S W-53 Water H-3 3117164 3200 11083 f
i i
STW-54 Water Cr-51 233111 255 138 4
Co-60 30511 307 146' I
Zn-65 28913 281 142 l
Ru-106 346is 379 57 Cs-134 23811 256 138 L
Cs-137 29212 307 i46 i:
i s.
e
\\
Table A-l.
(continued) i
~
pCi/l or mg/1D NALCO EPA EPA NALCO
. Sample Result Known Control Code Type Analysis 20C' Value Limits ( 30, n=1)
)
STW-58 Water H-3 1283180 1203 1988 STM-61 Milk Sr-90 C 8. 9 i2.1 74.6 111.2 f
I-131 64.613.8 75 115 Cs-137 75.6 20 75 115 r
Ba-140
<3.7 0
0 K(mg/1) 1435157 1549 2233 0
m STW-63
" Water H-3 1034i39 1002.
972 2
5 STW-64 water Cr-51
<14 0
3 00-60 21111 203 t30.5 0I Zn-65 215t6 201 130.2 E
Ru-106 17119 181 127.2 l
E Cs-134 198i2 202 130.3 Cs-137 15214 151 i22.7 g
STW-68 Wate r '
H-3 1124 31 1080 1978 STW-78 Water H-3 2500i44 2502 1056 O
l STW-84 Water-H-3 3097i21 3100 11080 O
STM-86 Milk Sr-89 2912.0 45 15 Sr-90' 30il.0 30 14.5 I-1311 100i8.6 120 118 Ba-140 50110.1 85 15 Cs-137 1711.5 20 115 K(mg/1)'
1540 i231 STM-91 Milk I-131 8310.6 85 115 Ba-140
<4 0
11 il5 Cs-137 1211 7 K{mg/1) 1443131 1510 228 i
- -. ~... ~. - -. -.
.J r
i.
Table A-1.
(continued) t pCifl or mg/lD j
NALCO EPA EPA i
f NALCO Sample-Result Known Control j
L Code Type Analysis i20 c value Limits (30, n=1)
SW-93 Water Cr-51 1G5 15 104 15 115 p
<4 0
2 2n-65 9714 102115 115 y
Ru-106 8713 99 15 il5 r
i Cs-134 8514 93115 il5 0
i Cs-137 10314 101 15 15 0
u s
STW-94 Water H-3 2537il5 2300 i1049 Z
S STM-9 7 Milk-I-131 5512.5 51 15 3
l Ba-140
<6 0
O I
'Cs-137 34il 29 115 Y
K(mg/1) 1520135 1550
<233
[
^
Z SW-101 Water H-3 1690i62 1760 i1023 g
[
p.
STM-103 Milk S r-89.
3812.6 44
!15 g
Sr-90 12!2.1 10 14.5 O
l
{
I-131 59 2.1 50 15 g
Ba-140 53i4.4 72 15 3
Cs-137 1411.2 10 15 0
K(mg/1) 1533121
.?,560 234 E
4 e
I STW-105 Water
.Cr-51
<14 0
F i
Co-60 2912 29 15 l
Zn-65 7417 74 115 i
Ru-106 64 8 62 115
[
j Cs-134 4111 44
- 15 l
Cs-137 3513 33 115 l
1 f,
STW-107 Water Ra-226 4.710.3
.5.1 12.4
[
j i
1 l
Table A -1.
(continued) pCi/l or mg/1d NALCO EPA EPA NALCO Sample Result Known Control c
Code Type Analysis 120 Value Limits ( 30, n=1) d STW-113 Water S r-89 1310 14 115 Sr-90 1012d 10
!4.5 g
STW-ll8 Water H-3 1475129 1650 21017 r-O STN-119 Water Cr-51 132 14 153
!24 0
co-60 39i2 38 115 N
Zn-65 5125 53
!15 2
Ru-106 63i6 74 15 I
Cs-134 30i3 30 15 3
h Cs-137 2611 25 115 r
i a
Results obtained by the Nuclear Sciences Section of NALCO Environmental Sciences as E
w 2
a participant in the environmental sample crosscheck program operated by the Intercomparison and Calibration Section, Quality Assurance Branch, Environmental Y
Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.
S.
Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA),
T*
Las Vegas, Nevada.
W b
All results are in pCi/1 except for elemental potassium (K) data which is in mg/1.
9.
c Unless otherwise indicated, NALCO result given is mean i 2 standard deviations for a
Z three determinations.
d P.ean i 2 standard deviations of two determinations.
m.
r t
e P
t i
. j t
Table A-2.
Cresscheck program results, thermoluminescent doskmeters (TLD's).
l mR NALCO
^
Average t
NALCO TLD Result Known (all l
Code Type Measurement 12aa value participants)
C d
b CaF Gamma-Field 17.0tl.9 17.l 16.417.7 ll5-2 Bulb:Mn 0
4 g
Gamma-Lab 20.814.1 21,3 18.Bi7.6
(
rG 0
d O
115-3 CaF2:Mn Gamma-Field 30.713.2 34.914.8f 31.513.0 l
Bulb E
-Gamma-Lab.
89.6i6.4 91.7tl4.6f 86.2i24.0d 2
E i
O
^
y NALCO result given is the mean 2 standard deviations -of three determinations.
Z D
i Second International Intercomparison of Environmental Dosimeters conducted in 3
April of 1976 by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HASL), New York, New York, and E
I the School of Public Health of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas.
c Value determined by sponsor' of the intercomparison.
N d Mean i 2 standard deviations of results obtained by all laboratories participating F
in program.
S Third International Intercomparison of Environmental Dosimeters conducted in summer E
E of 1977 by. Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the School of Public Health of the E
University of Texas, Houston, Texas.
l f
Value i 2 ' standard ' deviations as determined by sponsor of the -intercomparison.
g e
l
)
r i
h
_.. _