Text

1983 Biological Monitoring Rept
	ML20079M962
Person / Time
Site:	Brunswick
Issue date:	12/31/1983
From:	Benedict C, Booth G, Cates C; CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT CO.
To:	;
References
	RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, NUDOCS 9111110021
	Download: ML20079M962 (258)
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I I '3RUNSWICK STEAM ELECTRIC DLANT iv83 BIOLOGICAL MONITORING REPORT I

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Prepared by:

C. Benedict -

Impingement G. F. Booth - Project Scientist C. S. Cates

- Water Quality D. S. Cooke -

Larval fish l K. A. MacPherson K. L. Nichols Editor Entrainment l L. W. Pollard - High Marsh M. E. Shepherd -

Statistics R. G. Sherfinski I T. E. Thompson Discrete Depth Nekton Biology Unit l Environmental Technology Section

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CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT COMPANY New Hill, North Carolina I April 1984 !

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I Reviewed and Approved Dy:

I ibWg J, LOtud/

I Principal Scientist Biology Unit I

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l Acknowl edgment s

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L Many individuals not. directly involved in the preparation of thi s

- report were instrumental in the collection, identification, and processing g

of samples required in this invettigation. Debbie Calhoun, Bill lierring, 1 Della Lanier, Preston McLendon, Tina Reece, and led Tyndall provided field and laboratory support for all studies. Steve Parrish and Danny fulford assisted with field collection and kept the field equipment and boats operating. Steve was ir valuable as boat captain of the Paulo .

I Special tunks are given to Ms. Sandra poole, Ms. Teresa Bryant, and members of the Jord Processing Subunit at the Shearon liarris Energy A I Envi ronmental Ce r.t e r. Mi ssy Whitfield typed the many draf ts of this report. Joe Donaghy provided assistance in data analysis. Susan Bowling g

I and Missy Whitfield provided support in data entry and verification.

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I I Table of Contents Page Acknowledgments.................................................. t l I List of List of Tables...................................................

Figures..................................................

Metric-English Conversions.......................................

vii v

xv i Summary.......................................................... xvi l 1.0 INTRODUCT10N.............................................. 1-1 I 2.0 2.1 WATER QUAL 1TY.............................................

Introduction..............................................

2-1 2-1 1 2.2 Sampling Stations......................................... 2-1 I 2.3 2.4 Methods...................................................

Results and Discussion....................................

2-1 2-2 I 3.0 3.1 3.2 LARYAL/POSTLARVAL F1%H....................................

Introduction.............................................

Methods..................................................

3-1 3-1 3-1

, 3.2.1 Sampl e Coll ecti on and Analy si s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

, 3.2.2 D a t a An a l y s i s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Trend Analysis............................................ 1-1 Di sc rete Dep th Spl i t-Pl o t Mode 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 I 3.2.3 Ri ver La rval Fi sh Sampl i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.4 Discrete Depth Sampling............

3.2.5 Entrainment Sampling......................................

3-3 3-3 3-4 3.3 I 3.3.1 Re sul ts and Di sc us si on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

River Larval F1sh......................................

Dominant Species..........................................

3-4 3-4 3-4 Seasonality.......................;....................... 3-5

' I- 1983 River Larval /Postlarval Abundance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Comp;risons..........................................

3-5 3-5 Depth Comparisons......................................... 3-6 E S t a t i on C om p a r i s o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 i 5 Trend Analysis 1977-1983.................................. 3-8 l 3.3.2 Di s c re te De p th Sampl i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 r Water Temperature and Salinity............................ 3-8 l Densities................................................. 3-3 Analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test Results................................................. 3-9 Period.................................................... 3-9 Tida1..................................................... 3-9

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Depth..................................................... 3-10

, 3.3.3 Entrainment............................................... 3-11 i

Dominant Species.......................................... 3-11 Seasonality and Abundance................................. 3-11

Number Entrained.......................................... 3-13 l Diel Patterns............................................. 3-14 Trend Analysis............................................ 3-14 3.4 S umm a ry a n d C o n c l u s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 iI 1 . .

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I TableofContents(continuedl Page 4.0 HIGH MARSH................................................ 4-1 3 4.1 Introduction.............................................. 4-1 m 4.2 Methods................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Station Description....................................... 41 4.2.2 Sampling Methods.......................................... 4-1 4.3 Results and Discussion................................. .. 42 4.3.1 Catch by Gear Type............s ........................... 4-2 4.3.2 Se a s on a l Di s t ri bu ti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 To t a l O r g a n i sm s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Menhaden.................................................. 4-4 Bay Anchovy............................................... 4-4 Mummichog.................................................

l 4-5 5 A tl a n ti c S11 ve r s i de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 5p0t...................................................... 4-6 Croaker................................................... 4-6 S t r i p e d Mu 1 1 e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 White Mullet.............................................. 4-8 Flounder.................................................. 48 Brown Shrimp.............................................. 4-9 Pink Shrimp............................................... 4-9 White Shrimp.............................................. 4-10 Blue Crab................................................. 4-10 4.3.3 Sp a ti al Di s t ri bu t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 Within Creck.............................................. 4-11 W i t h i n t h e E s t u a ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4.3.4 Effects of Salinity, Temperature, and Percent Organics on Abundance............................................ 4-14 '

Salinity.................................................. 4-14 Temperature............................................... 4-15 Percent Organics.......................................... 4-15 4.3.5 Standing Crop Estimates................................... 4-15 g 4.4 Summa ry a n d Con c l u s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 5 5.0 NEKT0N.................................................... 5-1 5.1 Introduction.............................................. 5-1 5.2 Methods................................................... 5-1 5.3 Resul ts and Di s c u s si on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 5.3.1 To tal O rg a n i sm s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 5.3.2 Species Accounts.......................................... 5-5 Menhaden.................................................. 5-5 Bay Anchovy............................................... 5-6 3 Weakfish.................................................. 5-7 5 Spot...................................................... 5-8 Croaker................................................... 5-10 Mu11et....................................................

Flounder..................................................

Other Finfish.............................................

5-11 5-11 l

5-12 Nonfinfish................................................ 5-12 Brown Shrimp.............................................. 5-12 PinkShrimp............................................... 5-13 White Shrimp.............................................. 5-14 g BlueCrab................................................. 5-15 g iii l

iI lI Table of Contents (continued) _Page 5.3.3 Diversion Structure Study................................. 5-15 Menhaden.................................................. 5-15 Spot...................................................... 5-17 I 5.4 Croaker...................................................

Sumary...................................................

S u m a ry a n d C o n c l u s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-18 5-19 5-19 6.0 1PPINGEMENT........;...................................... 6-1 6.1 Introduction.............................................. 6-1 6.2 6-1 I

Methods...................................................

6.3 Results and Discussion.................................... 6-2 6.3.1 S p e c i e s C om p o s i t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6.3.2 Length-F requency Di s tri bu ti on s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 I 6.3.3 Flow 6.4 Rates................................................

Suma ry a n d Co nc l u s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-4 6-5

7.0 REFERENCES

... ............................................ 7-1 I

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List of Tables Table, Page 1.1 BSEP 1983 biological moni toring program summary. . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 1.2 Specins of fish and shellfish analyzed by program......... 1-5 3.1 Mean density and percent total of fish, penacid shrimp, and crabs collected in the Cape fear River, September 1976 to August 1983............................................ 3-17 i 3.2 River larval fish trend analysis for September 1976 to August 1983............................................... 3-25 3.3 Mean larval density from 1981, 1982, and 1983 discrete depth sampli ng programs - Station 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26

?.4 Results of analysis of variance for croaker in the 1983 discrete depth sampling program...... .................... 3-27 iI 3.5 Results of analysi$ of variance for spot in the 1983 di screte depth sampl i ng prog ram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29 3.6 Mean density and percent total of fish, penacid shrimp, and crabs entrained, Sep tember 1974 to August 1983. . . . . . . . 3-31 3.7 Entrainment rates from September 1982 to August 1983. . . . . . 3-37 3.8 Entrainment densities from September 1982 to August 1983.. 3-39 3.9 Entrainment trend analysis for September 1974 to August 1983...................................................... 3-41 4.1 Total catch and percent total of organisms collected in the high marsh study during 1983.......................... 4-18 4.2 Results of analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test indicating statistical dif ferences between creek s for the high marsh study during 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25 4.3 Salinity preferences for selected species in the high m a r s h s t u dy d u r i n g 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28 4.4 Temperature and substrate organic preferences for selected species in the high marsh study during 1983............... 4-29 4.5 Spring standing crop estimates from the high marsh study, 1983 ..................................................... 4-30 I

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I list of Tables (continued Page 5.1 Number a.1d biomass of organisms collected in the nekton l s tu dy du r i n g 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21 m S.2 Dominant fish species collected in the nckton study during g 1983 and previous years................................... 5-28 3 5.3 Dominant nonfinfish species co11ceted in the nekton study 6.1 during 1983 and previous years............................

Sumary of impingement at the BSEP during January-June, 5 29 l

1983...................................................... 6-6 6.2 The ten most abundant species and percent of the total impi ngement catch duri ng January-June, 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 6.3 Total number and weight of species impinged at the BSEP d u r i n g J a nu a ry-J u n e , 198 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 6.4 Total impingement of organisms at the BSEP during January through June, 1977-1983................................... 6-13 I

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list of Figures Figure page 1.1 Larval /postlarval and water quality sampling locations.... 1-6 1.2 High marsh sampling areas and nekton sampling locations... 1-8 +

2.1 Bottom salinity plots from the upper Cape Fear estuary, September 1982-December 1983.............................. 2-3 2.2 Bottom salinity plots from the middle Cape Fear estuary, September 1982-December 1983.............................. 2-4 2.3 Bottom salinity plots from the lower Cape Fear estuary, September 1982-December 1983.............................. 2-5 2.4 Mean temperature plots from the apper Cape Fear estuary, September 1982-December 1983.............................. 2-6 2.5 Mean temperature plots from the middle Cape Fear estuary.

l- September 1982-December 1983.............................. 2-7 I 2.6 Mean temperature plots from the lower Cape Fear estuary, September 1982-December 1983.............................. 2-8 3.1 Discrete depth sampling tide tabul ation graph . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42 3.2 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for spot, 1983 vs. 1977-1982 average................................ 3-43 3.3 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for Atlantic croaker, 1983 vs. 1977-1982 average....................... 3-43 3.4 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for flounder, l 1983 vs. 1977-1982 average................................ 3-44 l 3.5 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for mullet, 1963 vs. 1977-1982 average................................ 3-44 l l 3.6 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for Atlantic e menhaden, 1983 vs. 1977-1982 average...................... 3-45 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for shrimp I 3.7 1983 vs. 1977-1982 average ............................... 3-45 i

3.8 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for l anchovies 1983 vs. 1977-1982 average ..................... 3-46 3.9 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for seatrout, 1983 vs. 1977-1982 average...................... 3-46 I vii e e

I List of Figures (continued)_

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3.10 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for Cobbclius spp.,1983 vs.1977-1982 average.............. 3-47 3.11 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for aobiosom spp., 1983 vs. 1977-1982 averoge................ 3-47 3.12 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for total g fish, 1983 vs. 1977-1982 average.......................... 3-48 3 3.13 River larval fish trend ana: < sis for total fish, 1977-1983................... ............................. 3-49 ,

3.14 River larval fish trend analysis for spot, 1977-1983...... 3-49 3.15 River larval fish trend analysis for Atlantic croaker, 1977-1983................................................. 3-50 3.16 River larval fish trend analysis for flounder. 1977-1983.. 3-50 3.17 River larval fish trend analysis for mullet, 1977-1983.... 3-51 3.18 River larval fish trend anclysis for Atlantic menhaden 1977-1983................................................. 3-51 3.19 River larva'i fish trend enalysis for brown shrimp,1977-1983...................................................... 3-52 3.20 River larval fish trend analysis for pink and white shrimp, 1977-1983......................................... 3-52 3.21 River larval fish trend analysis for anchovies,1977-1983...................................................... 3-53 l

3.22 River larval' fish trend analysis for seatrout, 1977-1983.. 3-53 3.23 River larval fish trend analysis for Cobiancitus spp.,

1977-1983................................................. 3-54 3.24 River larval fish trend analysis for Cobiosom spp.,

3-54 3.25 1977-1983.................................................

Discrete depth sampling temperature profile at Station 25 I i n the Ca p e Fe a r Ri ve r , 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-55 3.26 Discrete depth sampling salinity profile at Station 25 in t h e C a p e Fe a r Ri v e r , 19 6 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-56 3.27 Discrete pth mean log bay anchovy density by depth for each rot. 3andphotoper$d.1983.......................... 3-57 3.28 Discrete depth sampling density profile for croaker, 1983...................................................... 3-58 viii 5

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list of F19ures (co'itinued) ,

page, 1 3.29 Discrete depth mean log flounder density by depth for each round end phot"per 6, 1983..................-........ b61 I 3.30 Discrete depth mean 100 0 Atlantic menhaden d(nsity by depth for each round an photoperiod, 1983................ 3a62 3.31 Discrete depth mean lorgo mullet density by depth for each round and photoperloo, 1983................... . ...... 3-63 3.32 pinfish density by depth for Discretedepthmeanlogdd,1983..........................

each round and photoper 3-64 l 3.33 3.34 Discrete depth sampling density profile for spot,1983 ...

Discrete depth mean log 0 total organisms density by 3-65 depth for each round an phc tope riod , 1983. . . . ......... 3-68 3.35 Discrete depth mean logm Atlantic croaker density by tide for each photoperiod, 1983................................ 3-69 3.36 Discrete depth mean 109 spot density by tide for each photoperiod, 1983..... 10 ................................... 3-70 3.37 Discrete depth mean log 10 Atlantic croaker dent.ity by tide for each photoperiod ana depth, 1983...................... 3 71 3.38 spot density by tide for eart Discretedepthmeanlogb83...............................

photoperiod and depth, 3-72 3.39 Atlantic croaker density by Di sc rete depth depth for each mean logNd , 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73 photoper .....

I 3.40 Discrete depth mean log 10 spot density by d?pth for each photoperiod, 1983......................................... J-74 Entrainment day / night mean density fer total fish,1983 I 3.41 vs. 1975-1982 average..................................... 3-75 3.42 Entrainment day / night mean density for spot,1983 vs.

I 1975-1982 average.........................................

Entrainment day / night mean density for Atlantic croaker, 3-76 3.43 1983 vs. 1975-1982 average................................ 3-76 3.44 Entrainment day / night mean density for flounder,1983 vs.

1975-1982 average......................................... 3-77 3.45 Entrainment day / night mean dendig fer muliet, 1983 vs.

1975-1982 average......................................... 3-77 I ix

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list of Figures (continued) Page 3.46 Entrainment day / night mean density for Atlantic menhaden, 1993 vs. 1975-1982 average................................ 3-78 3.47 Entrcinment day / night mean density for shrimp,1983 vs.

1975-1982 average......................................... 3-78 3.48 Entrainment day / night mean density for anchovies,1983 vs.

1975-1982 average.................... .................... 3-79 l 3.49 Entrainment day / night mean density for seatrout,1983 vs.

3-79 g

5 1975-1982 average.........................................

3.50 Entrainment day / night mean density for Cobbne!!us spp.,

1983 vs. 1975-1982 average................................ 3 80 3.El Entrainment dey/ night mean density for Cobioso*u spp.,

3.52 1983 vs. 1975-1982 average................................

Entrainment linear trend analysis for total fish, 3-80 l

September 1974 to August 1983............................. 3-81 3.53 Entrainment linear trend analysis for spot, September 1974 to August 1983....................................... 3-81 3.54 Entrainment linear trend analysis for Atlantic croaker, Se p terrb e r 19 7 4 to Au 9u s t 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-82 3.55 Entrainment linear trend analysis for flounder, September 1974 to August 1983....................................... 3-82 3.56 Entrainment linear trend analysis for mullet, September 1974 to August 1983....................................... 3-83 3.57 Entrainment linear trend analysis for Atlantic menhaden, S e p temb e r 19 7 4 to Au g u s t 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-83 3.58 Entrainment linear trend analysis fer brown shrimp, 3 H

Sep tembe r 1974 to Augu s t 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-84 3.59 Entrair. ment linear trend analysis for pink and white shrimp, September 1974 to Augus t 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-84 3.60 Entrainment linear trend analysis for anchovies, Sept embe r 1974 t o Au gu; t 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-85 3.61 Entrainment linear trend analysis for seatroutr September 19 7 4 to Au g u s t 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-85 3.62 Entrainment linear trend analysis for cobfoncitus spp.,

Se p temb c r ,19 7 4 to Au g u s t 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-06 X

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, List of Figures (continued) Pace, 3.63 Entrainment linear trend analysis for coHocom spp.

au September 1974 to August 1983..........,.................. 3-86 y

4.1 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of total organisms by c re ek f o r hi p n ma r a h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 4.2 Mean seine catch per unit effort of tr+al organisms by c re e k fo r hi g h ma r s h , 198 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32 4.3 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of Atlantic menhaden by c reek f o r hi gh ma rs h , 198 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 J3 4.4 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic menhaden coll ected by trawl for hi gh marsh , 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 I 4.5 Mean trawl catch per unit ef fort of bay anchov,, by creek for high marth, 1983...................................... 4-35 I 4.6 Length-frequency distribution of bay anchovy collected by t rawl f or hi g h ma r s h , 19 8 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36 4.7 Mear seine catch per unit effort of munnichog by creek f o r hi g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37 5

4.8 Length-frequency distribution of munnichog collected by s e i n e f o r hi g h ma r s h , 19 8 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38 4.9 Mean seine catch per unit eff ort of Atlantic silverside by c r e e k f o r hi g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39 4.10 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic silverside coll ected by sei ne for high marsh, 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40 4.11 Mean trawl catch per unit ef fort of spot by creek for high marsh, 1983.......................................... 4-41 4.12 Length-frequency distribution of spot collected by trawl f o r h i g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42 4.13 Mean trawl catch per unit ef fort of Atlantic croaker by c r e ek fo r hi g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43 4.14 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic croaker collected by trawl for high marsh ,1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 44 I 4.15 Mean seine catch per ur.it effort of striped mullet by c re ek f o r hi g h ma r s h 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45 Length-frequency distribution of striped mullet collected I 4.16 by se i n e f o r hi g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46 i

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l List of Fioures _(con.tinued) Page 4.17 Hean seine catch per unit effort o white mullet by creck f o r h i g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47 4.18 Length. frequency distribution of white mullet collected [

by se i ne f o r hi g h ma r s h , 198 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 4-48 f5 A.19 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of flou1 der by creek for a high marsh, 1983.......................................... 4-49 5 4.20 Length-frequency distribution of flounder collected by t ra wl fo r hi g h ma r s h , 198 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50 4.21 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of brown shrimp by creek -

f o r h i g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51 ,'

4.22 Length-frequency distribution of brown shrimp collected 7

by trawl for hi gh ma r sh , 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52 4.23 Mean erawl catch per unit effort of pink shrimp by creek f o r h i g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53 4.24 Length-frequency distribution of pink shrimp collected by t rawl fo r hi gh ma r s h , 19 8 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54 4.25 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of white shrimp by creek for h1gh marsh, 1983...................................... 4-55 4.26 Length-frequency distribution of white shrimp collected by trawl for hi g h ma r s h , 198 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-56 l

4.27 Hean trawl catch per unit ef fort of blue crab by creek f o r h i g h ma r s h . 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-57 4.28 tength-frequency distribution of blue crab collected by 3 t ra wl f o r hi g h ma r s h , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-58 3 4.29 Mean high marsh trawl catch per unit effort of bay anchovy a by stati on for Bal dhead Creek , 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-59 g 4.30 Mean high marsh seine catch per unit effort of Atlantic silverside by station for Baldhead Creek, Walden Creek, and Mott's Bay, 1983...................................... 4-60 4.31 Mean high marsh trawl catch per unit effort of bay anchovy g by sta ti on for Wal den Creek , 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-61 3 5.1 Catch per unit ef fort of total organisms collected in 5.2 nekton small trawls, 1983 vs. 1979-1982 average...........

Catch per unit effort of Atlantic penhaden collected in 5-30 l

nekton small trawls,1983 vs.1979-1982 average........... 5-31 xii !

I I list of Figures (continued) ,

Page 5.3 f (ngth-frequency distribution of Atid Ic menhaden collec ted in nekton small t rawl s during 1983. . . . . . . . , . . . . . 5-32 5.4 Catch per unit effort of bay onthovy collected in nekton small trawls.1983 vs.1979-1982 average.................. 5-33 I 5.5 Length-frequency distribution of bay anchovy collected in nekton small trawl s Juri ng 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34 5.6 Catch per unit effort of weakfish collected in nekton

[ small trawls,1983 vs.1979-1982 average.................. 5-35 B

5.7 1.ength-frequency distribution of weakfish collected in F

I 5.8 nek ton small trawl s duri ng 198 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Catch per unit effort of spot collected in nekton small 5-36 trawls, 1983 vs. 1979-1982 average..................... .. 5-37 5.9 Length-frequency distribution of spot collected in nek ten small trawl s duri ng 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38 5.10 Catch per unit effort of Atlantic croaker collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.1979-1982 average........... 5-39 5.11 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic croaker collected in nekton small trawl s during 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40 5.12 Catch per ui.it effort of southern flounder collected in nekten small trawls,1983 vs.1979-1982 average........... 5-41 5.13 Catch per unit effort of brown shrimp collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.1979-1982 average.................. 5-42 I E.14 Length. frequency distribution of brown shrimp collected i n nekton small trawl s duri ng 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43 Ca'.ch per unit effort of pink shrimp collected in nekton

I 5.15 small trawls,1983 vs. W79-1982 average.................. 5-44 5.16 Length-frequency distribution of pink shrimp collected i n nek ton small trawl s duri ng 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45

_ 5.37 Catch per unit effort of white shrimp collected in nekten p; small trawls,1983 vs.1979-1982 average.................. 5-46 5.18 Length-frequency distribution of white shrimp collected i n nek ton small trawl s duri ng 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47 S' I 5.19 Catch per unit effort of blue crab collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.1979-1982 average of combined blue crab and lesser blue crab catch...................... 5-43 i

' r

I

, List of Figures (continued)_ Page, I

5.20 Catch per unit effort of Atlantic menhaden collected in the nekton diversion structure study, November 1981 through October 1983............................................<. 5 49 5.21 Length f requency distriDJtion of Atlantic menhaden cc11ceted in the nekten diversion structure study during t ri p 5, Feb ru a ry 19 82 an d 19 8 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50 g

5.22 Catch per unit effort of spot collected in the nekton diversion structure study, November 1981 through October 1983............................................,, 5-51 5.23 Length-frequency distribution of spot sollected in the nekton diversion structure study during Trip 4. January 1982 and 1983............................................. 5-52 5.24 Catch per unit effort of Atlantic croaker collected in g the nekton diversion structure study, November 1981 through 3 Oc t o b e r 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-53 S.25 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic croaker collected in the nekton diversion structure study during T r i p 4 , J a nu a ry 19 8 2 a n d 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-54 5.26 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic croaker collected in the nekton diversion structure study during T r i p 17 J a n u a ry 198 2 a nd 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55 6.1 Length-frequency distributien of bay anchovy impinged at BSEP January-June, 1983................................... 6-14 6.2 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic croaker impinged at BSEP January-June, 1983....................... 6-15 6.3 Length-frequency distribution of spot impinged at BSEP J a n u a ry- J u n e , 19 8 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16 6.4 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic menhaden impinged at BSEP January-June, 1983....................... 6-17 6.5 Mean monthly rates of water entrained at BSEP January-June, 1977-1983................................................. 6-18 I

I xiy a

I I Metric Conversion Table I

t.ength 1 micron (n) = 4.0 x 10-6 inch I 1 millimeter (mm) = 1000 p = 0.04 inch 1 centimeter (cm) = 10 m = 0.4 inch 1 meter (m) = 100 cm = 3.28 feet i kilometer (km) = 1000 m = 0.62 mile A

-_r._e_a_

1 square neter (m2 ) = 10.76 square feet 1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 m2 = 2.47 acres Weight i microgram (ag) = 10-3 mg or 10-6 g = 3.5 x 10-8ounce 1 milligram (mg) = 3.5 x 10-5 ounce 1 gram (g) = 1000 mg = 0.035 ounce 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 g = 2.2 pounds 1 metric ton = 1000 kg = 1.1 tons 1 kg/ha = 0.89 pound / acre Volume I 1 milliliter (ml) = 0.034 fluid ounce 1 lite;- (1) = 1000 ml = 0.26 gallon Temperature Cegrees centrigrade ('C) = 5/9 ('F - 32) g I

I xv

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I I Sumary I Monitoring of larval fish f rom the Cape fear Estuary (CFL) and at the Punswick Steam Electric Plant (0$EP) discharge (entrainment) ir M ate that 1953 densities were near the averoge of the past several years.

There is no indication of changes in seasonality due to cooling water withdrawal by the BSEP.

The discrete depth sampling data in 1983 showed an atypical vertical distribution for spot at night. The high numbers of spot at the deeper I depths were attributed to the high freshwater flow that occurred during the sampling period.

The overall catches of fish and invertebrates from the marshes of the CFE increased over the 1982 totals. The major periods of abundance for most species coincided with spawning or with *.he immigration of the post-larvae. The majority of the species exhibited the normal upstream pref-erences. Most of the species remained in the marshes until they were large enough to emigrate. Areas adjacent to the intake canal supported I the largest numbers of organisms. The abundar.ce of each species varied according to salinity, temperature, and substrate organics in the sampling areas.

The 1983 nektoq study indicated that there was little change in the number of orpanisms collected from the average of previous years. The differences that were observed for some of the individual species were probably due to natural year-to-year variations. High river flows during recruitment periods may have prevented the usual movement of some organ-isms up river. The completien of the diversion structure decreased the number of organisms collected in the intake canal.

Impingemen'. of orgarn sms by

BSEP was reduced !>y 94 percent over previous corresponding periods because of reduced flow end the diversion structure. Species diversity remained similar to previous studies while numbers of menhaden, spot, and croaker impinged were substantially re-l duced.

xvi

i i

l The biological monitoring studies continue to show that the larvae of the comercially iriportant offshore spawners are able to enter the estu. g a ry , distribute to their preferred nursery grounds, and mature without M '

. being affected by plant operatior.s.

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I xvii l

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1.0 Il4TRODUCT!011 In January 1981 Carolina Power & Light Company (CP&L) was issued a permit to discharge vastewater from the Brunswick Steam Electric Plant (BSEP) to the Atlantic Ocean under the !!ational Pollutant Discharge Elimi-nation System (t4PDEO. One stipulation of the permit was that biological monitoring be continued that would provide sufficient information to allow for a continuing assessment of the impact of the BSEp on the Cape Fear I' Estuary (CFE) with particular emphasis on the marine fisheries. With some modification, this biological monitoring requirement is a continuation of I research that had been conducted on the CFE by various investigators since 1976, and as a result, some programs in this report will discuss trends from 1976 to 1983. Earlier BSEP Annual Biological Monitoring Reports (CpAL 1982, 1983) contain more detailed sampling methodology and station descriptions than are included in this report.

The various segments of the 1983 BSEP Biological Monitoring program are outlined in Table 1.1. The river larval fish and entrainment programs use relative seasonal abundance data to monitor and assess the river I larval densities and entrainment rates and densities.

The discrete depth program defines peak winter larval densities by depth, tide, and photoperiod to better evaluate the movement of larval fish in the Cape Fear River (CFR).

g The nekten and high marsh programs use relative seasonal abundance, species composition, and relative size distribution aata to monitor popu-lations of fish and shellfish in the CFE, while the imp;ngement program I uses the same types of data to determine cropping rates of juveniles and adults from these populations by the BSEP.

The study periods evaluated in this report differ by program. The l river larval fish and entrainment programe report on date collected from September 1982 through August 1983 to better correspond tu periods of larval recruitment, while the nekton and high marsh programs report on data collected from January through December 1983. The impingement program reports on data collected from Jcnuary through June 1983.

1-1

The stations sampled by each program are shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2. Figure 1.1 contains the sempling locations for the river larval g

fish, discrete depth, and entrainment programs. Figure 1.2 shows the high 5 marsh and nekten sampling locations. Because several stations were sampled in each creek by the high marsh program, the entire creek is designated as a sampling area. A more detailed illustration of specific sampling locations within these areas can be found in the 1981 annual report (CP8L 1982).

A list of fish and shellfish on which statistical analyses were per.

formed is presented by program in Table 1.2. The majority of these are recreationally and/or commercially important species and with few excep-tions are ocean-spawned. The others were analyzed because they occur in large numbers within the estuary and are considered indicators of estua-rine conditions. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance ( ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test. Log 10 (density + 1) (river larval fish and discrete depth), log 10 (density + 10) (entrainment), and log 10 (CPUE +

l

1) (high marsh and nekton) were used in the analyses. (Density is defined as number /1000 cubic meters of water filtered by larval fish nets, while catch per unit effort (CPUE) refers to number caught per unit of effort; i.e., 1- or 5-minute trawl.) The effects tesO1 were year, depth, station, week (or month), tide, and/or period depending on the program, g Solid lines connect means which are not significantly different in the 3 Duncan's multiple range test results. Monthly estimates of impingement were obtained by dividing the total number of hours in a month by the number of hours sampled during that month. This expansion factor was then multiplied by the number and weight of all organisms collected during that month. Fish were measured using standcrd length, shrimp using total length, and crabs using carapace width.

Another stipulation of the permit was the construction of a permanent fish diversion structure across the mouth of the intake canal to prevent j larger fish and shellfish from entering the canal and being impinged at the plant. The effectiveness of this structure is discussed in the nekton and impingement sections of th)s report.

I 1-2 l

I I Tat.le 1.1 BSEP 1983 biological monitoring program surrnary, I Program !ampling Frequency Sampling Locations Entrainment Weekly Discharge weir Impingement Weekly 11take screens J a nua ry-J une Water Quality Weekly Dutchman Creek Walden Creek Buoy 15 Buoy 19 Buoy 25 I Buoy 29 Buoy 35 Buoy 38 Buoy 42 River Larval Fish Biweekly, Dutchman Creek September-May (Station 11) l Monthly, June-August Walden Creek (Station 24)

Buoy 15 (Station 18)

Buoy 19 t$tation 25)

I Buoy 29 (3tation 37)

Buoy 38 (Station 34)

Buoy 42 (Station 41)

Discrate Depth February-March Buoy 19 (Four 24-hour trips) Buoy 38 I Nekton Every thra: weeks freshwater drainage canal Slough east of Buoy 18 Intake canal west I of Buoy 19 Walden Creek Shallows west of Buoy 23 ICW Marker 174 I ICW Marker 10 Shallows east of Buoy 42 Shallows southwest of Buoy 49 I- Shallows southwest of Buoy 51 Alligator Creek I Intake canal Inside diversion structure Between canal bends l

i I# Adjacent to plant l

1-3 l .-- _

- . - - . - . - _ . . . - - . . . . - - - - _ . . . - - - . - . . - - . . - ..-~ - .-- - - - -

t t

I j Table 1.1 (centinued)

Program Sampling Frequency Sampling Locations High Marsn Trawl and Seine Every three weeks E

l Baldhead Creek 3 4

Trawl 7 stations Seine 2 stations Walden Creek I

Seine 2 stations Mott's Creek Bay Trawl 1 station seine 1 station Alligator Creek Trawl 4 stations Rotenone late Winter Baldhead Creek 2 stations Walden Creek i 2 stations Mott's Creek Bay j 1 station g l

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Table 1.0 Species of fish and shellfish analyzed by program.

Scientific Name _

Comon Name Program I Clupeidae Prevoortia tyrannus Atlantic menhaden L E D M N 1 X X X X X X Engraulidae * ~

Ancho2 hepsetus Striped anchovy A. mitchitti Bay anchovy . . X X X X Cyprinodontidae I rundutus heterpolitus

r. nafatia Atherinidae Mumichog Striped killifish X

X vembras mrtintoa Rough silverside I Menidia bcryt!ina

4. menidia Inland silverside Atlantic silverside X

X X

Sparidae Lagodon rhomboides Pinfish X Sciaenidae ' '

Cynoscion Schulosus Spotted seatrout X X X I C. regalia teiosto-se canthurus Micropogonias undulatr Weakfish Spot Atlantic croaker X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Mugilidae . ,, .

5 Nugit cephalus Striped mullet X X X M. curema White mullet ., . . X X X Gobiidae I

Cobiancitua be;eosoma Darter goby C. hascatus Sharptail goby C. shufstdti Freshwater goby -

~

Cobicsom bosat Naked goby C. gineburgi Seaboard goby . .

Bothidae ~ ' ~

g Paratichthys atbigutta Gulf flounder g

P. dentatus Summer flounder X X P. Icthostigma Southern flounder . . X X Penacidae Penaeus aatecus Brown shrimp X X X X X i P. daararum Pink shrimp

~~

X X X P. satiferus White shrimp .. X X X Portunidae ~

5 Catlinoctes capidus Blue crab X X C. simitus Lesser blue crab XX .

I L = Larval fish Da Discrete depth N = Nekton E = Entrainment M = High marsh I = Impingement

]a Species grouped for analysis purposes i

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I Il I l HIGH MARSH SAMPLING AREAS ,

NEKTON SAMPLtNG LOCATlONS I ",.,i kJ pg ,[* ;

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l- 2.0 WATER QUALITY 2.1 Introduction The purpose of this program was to supplement water temperature and j

salinity data for the larval fish, nekton, and high marsh programs. Water I temperature and salinity measurements were collected weekly at selected stations in the CFE. Additional water temperature and salinity measure-ments were taken in conjunction with the nekton and high marsh programs.

2.2 Sampling Stations Nine water quality stations (HG) wele sampled weekly. Seven stations (HG station numbers) were located in the CFR channel at Buoys 15, 19, 25, 29, 35, 38, and 42. Station HG 11 was located in Dutchman's Creek and Station HG 24 was located in lower Waiden Creek. Water qual'. ty data are also reported for the fc11owing high m:,rsh (BH) and nekton stations (BN):

BH 42 ( Alligator Creek), BH 31 (Mott's Bay), BN 14 (shallows adjacent to Buoy 49), BH 27 (upper Walden Creek), BH 17 (upper Baldhead Creek), and BH 11 (lower Baldhead Creek). These stations were sampled on a triweekly basis.

Sampling stations were grouped into upper CFE, middle CFE, and lower CFE. Stations in the upper CFE were BH 42, BH 31, BN 49, HG 42, HG 38, and P

HG 35. Stations in the middle CFE were BH 27, HG 29, HG 25. HG 24, and HG 19. Stations in the lower CFE were HG 15, HG 11, BH 17, and BH 11.

2.3 Methods Surface and bottom temperature and salinity measurements were re-corded at each site. Surface samples were collected with a bucket and bottom samples were collected with a 2-liter Kemmerer water sampl er.

Temperature was measured in degrees celcius ('C) using a Yellow Springs Instruments Model 43TD telethennometer. Salinity was measured in parts per thousand (ppt) with an American Optical Model 10419 refractometer.

2-1 l l 1

I Bottom salinity values and mean temperature values were plotted for the water quality data from the selected water quality stations from September 1982 through December 1983.

2.4 Results and Discussion A major period of freshwater flow began in February and lasted until the first of May. Low salinity values were observed during February, March, and April for all saupling stations. All sampling stations also showed a decrease in salinities during December 1983 (Figures 2.1-2.3).

As expected, salinity values decreased from the lower CFE to the middle CFE to the upper CFE.

Water temperature variations from surface to bottom were generally small; therefore, the average water temperature for each station was plotted (Figures 2.4-2.6) . A minimum average temperature of 5.0'C was recorded on January 18 at Station HG 11, and a maximum average temperature of 31.2*C was observed on August 8 at the same station. Station HG 11 was a shallow water station in the lower CFE. In the CFR channel, a minimum average temperature of 6.2*C was recorded at Station HG 42 on January

18. The maximum average temperature of 31.0*C was observed on August 8 also at Station HG 42. g 5

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2-4

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1983 Figure 2.4 Mean temperature plots from the upper Cape Fear estuary.

September 1982 - December 1983.

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R E 30-I N 20-10-BH17 0 30- E E

20-10-Shit 0- , , , , ,

, , , , , ,, ,1 , , , , i, SSONNDJJFMMAMJJJAA SOONOD EECOOEAAEA A P A U U U U ll ECC0EE PPTVVCNNBRRRYNNLGG PTTVCC 1982 "

WEEK I

Figure 2.6 Mean temperature plots from the lower Cape Fear estuary, September 1982 - December 1983.

2.e g

I I 3.0 LARVAL /i JSTLARVAL FISH I 3.1 Introduction I The majority of the recreational and commercial species of larval /

postlarval fish collected from the CFE are spawned offshore and carried by currents to the mouth of the CFR. By utilizing a net upstream flow along the bottom, they are carried into the estuary and establish residence there. Previous studies have shown two periods of abundance of fish lar-vae in the CFE (Copeland et al.1979; CP&L 1982,1983). One peak occurs from December through April (winter) and the other from May through August (summer). The river larval fish and entrainment programs utilize relative seasonal abundance data to monitor and assess river larval densities and entrainment rates and densities. The discrete depth program defines peak winter larval densities by depth, tide, and photoperiod to better evaluate I densities and the movement of larval fish in the river.

3.2 Methods l 3.2.1 Sample Collection and Analysis The collection gear, methods, sample preservation, and analysis used in 1983 for processing larval /postlarval fish samples were unchanged from 1982. For further discussion, see CP&L (1983).

3.2.2 Data Analysis

.I-Trend Analysis River larval fish data for the period September 1976 through August 1983 and entrainment data from September 1974 through August 1983 were each examined for a linear trend. Differences among years were separated into a trend component proportional to the size of the linear increase or decrease and a deviation component proportional to the size of the year-g to-year fluctuations around the trend line. The error component, used to E judge the significance of the first two, was computed from the discrepancy 3-1

I between sampling periods within all years. The percent change per year was calculated from the slope of the trend line and is an average over all years.

A significant trend componeat with no significant deviations suggests a simple increase or decreese over the indicated period. No significant trend or deviation implies a relatively constant level of abundance.

However, significan^ deviations indicate that the year-to-year fluctua-tions cannot be described simply by the linear trend and may be associated with fluctuations '.) environmental conditions such as sali"ity and temper-ature in the estuary during recruitment. Therefore over the short term, one would expect to see trends in abundance which both increase and de-crease (presented as percent change per year) given no more than natural fluctuations in environniental conditions. Over a long period, one would see a great deal of year-to-year variability but a trend which r. hows no significant increase or decrease (CP&L 1980a). Depending on where in a cycle a species is when analyzed, the percent change per year will be either large or small, increasing or decreasing. Therefore, one should be careful not to take the percent change per year as an indication of popu-lation density increase or decrease but to look at the significances of the linear trend and the deviations from the linear trend to deternine how well the trend is explained by the linear trend analysis, g ga Discrete Depth Split-Pl.ot Model The primary emphasis of the 1983 discrete depth sampling program was to further define the depth distributions of larval fish. Previous stu-dies (1979 and 1981) have shown that period (day / night) and tide influence these depth distributions. Therefore in 1982, an experiment to define period and tidal influences was superimposed on the depth experiment. The result was a split-plot design using period and tide combinations as the g main-plot units with each unit subdivided into subplots corresponding to 5 the depths sampled (CP&L 1983). This same split-plot design was used in 1983. Because six high-slack samples were lost and there was no way to obtain an estimate, all slack tides were eliminated from the analysis to 1

1 3-2

I l balance the data. Two main-nlot units occurred at each mean tide direc- '

tion which were averaged prior to analysis. Only Station 25 was analyzed with round (24-hour period) being used as a blocking fector (replicate).

3.2.3 River Larval Fish Sampling The same seven stations were sampled in 1983 as in 1981 and 1982.

There was one station each in Dutchman and Walden Creeks and five stations located in the ship channel of the CFR. The channel stations were spaced along a distance of approximately 24.1 km from Ruoy 15 to Marker 43 (Fig-ure 1.1; CP&L 1982).

No changes were made to the river larval fish sampling procedures, gear, or scheduling in 1983. Replicate samples were collected from the surface and bottom at each of the seven stations. Sampling trips were scheduled biweekly except during June, July, and August when sampling was conducted once a month. Stations were sampled from the lower estuary to the upper estuary in an attempt to sample all stations during the same tidal stage. Previous studies have shown that greater numbers of larval /

postlarval fish are cellected after sunset; therefoi2, samples were col-lected only at night.

I 3.2.4 Discrete Depth Sampling A discrete depth sampling program was conducted in 1979, 1981, 1982, and 1983 to supplement the regular larval fish program. The regular lur-val fish program collects only surface and bottom samples at night. Dis-crete depth sampling further defines larv:1 density distribution by col-lecting samples during two rounds each from six specific depths at Sta-tions 25 and 34 (Figure 1.1). Sampling was conducted during periods of peak larval recruitment into the estuary of winter spawners, primarily spot and croaker. All gear and sampling procedures used were the same as I in 1982 (CP&L 1983).

I 3-3

Il In 1983 two 24-hour sampling rounds (trips) were scheduled between I ,

February 3 and March 20. Although the first round at Station 34 was com- i pleted, Round 2 was not because of extremely high winds and rain. The heavy rains prior to Round 1 caused very low salinities; consequently, very few larval fish were obtained i r. the first round at Statia 34. 1 Considering this and the fact that the second round was never completed, it was decided that Station 34 not be included in the 1983 analysis; therefore, this report will deal only with results from Station 25.

Each round was divided into five sets corresponding to period and tide direction. Figure 3.1 graphically illustrates the sequence of these sets and series as they relate to period, tide, and the order of depths sampled.

3.2.5 Entrainment Sampling I

The entrainment sampling procedure was the same in 1983 as that es-tablished in April 1982 (Cpal 1983). Three daytime and three nighttime samples were colheted at specific times over one 24-hour period per week.

3.3 Results and Discussion a

3.3.1 River Larval Fish 5 Dominant Species A total of 642 samples, collected from September 9, 1982, until August 17, 1983, was analyzed for this report. During that time, 77 spe-cies of larval fish, penaeid shrimp, and portunid crabs were identified from the CFE (Table 3.1). The ten genera analyzed (Tablo 1.1) represented 95 percent of the total density of organisms collected. Anchovies repre-sented 41 percent; croaker 25 percent; gobies 8 percent; spot 5 percent; shrimp 5 percent; menhaden 1 percent; flounder, mullet, and seatrout less g

than 1 percent each. W 5

3-4 _

7 E

I 5easonality Plots, on a logarithmic-like scale, of larval fish mean densities by sampling week for 1983 and the average mean densities for the previous six years (1977-1982) are shwn in Figures 3.2 to 3.12. From these plots it can be seen that the occurrence of the major species in 1983 was similar '

to the previous six years. A sunmary of seasonality (major occurrence) for these species during the past six years is as follows:

Species Seasonality Spot End of December - first of May Croaker First of October - end of April Flounder End of December - end of March Mullet End of December - end of March Menhaden End of February - first of May Shrimp

- brown Middle of February - middle of May I - pink and ehite End of May - first of October Anchovies End of April - end of October Seatrout First of May - middle of October Cobionettus spp. Middle of March - middle of December Cobiosoma spp. First of May - end of October 1983 River Larval /Postlarval Abundance Year Comparisons I

The following comparison was obtained from density data which had been transformed to base- 10 logarithms and subjected to an analysis of variance test (Copeland et al.1979).

The mean 10910 densities for total organisms among years indicates that in 1983, there was no appreciable decline in the number of larvae in the CFE:

1 E 3-5

' W . . . . . . . , , , ,,,,.

' d^l p.

I l

I Year Log 10 D asity

- E 1980 2.86 m 1982 2.68 1983 2.64 1981 2.57 1977 1979 2.55 2.53 l

1978 2.39 A comparicon of the 1983 larval mean densities for the major species to the larval mean densities for the period from 1977 to 1982 shows that in 1983 spot, anchovy, Cobiosona spp., and seatrout mean densities were below the six-year avera9e. Croaker, flounder, and cobionellus spp. den-sities were above the average.

Species _ 1983 Mean Density 1977-1982 Mean Density Spot 71.13 95.18 g Anchovies 588.65 964.42* W Cobiosoma spp. 85.75 323.54*

Seat-out 9.86 12.69*

Croaker 364.27 250.00 Floundar 7.35 2.68 aobionellas spp. 22.83 10.28*

Menhaden 18.53 16.32 Mullet 4.08 3.81 Penceus spp. 75.05 75.07

1978 data not included; see CP&L (1982).

I Depth Comparisons A sumary of species by depth for 1977 through 1982 is as follows:

I I

1 3-6 a

I I Majority Collected Majority Collected From Surface No Difference i Menhaden Mullet From Bottom Croaker Seatrout Anchovies Spot Shrimp (all species) Total fish Flounder

, cobione % s spp.

Sobiosoma spp. l Overall, higher densities of larvae have been collected from the l bottom than from the surface. River larval fish samples were collected

,gy only at night. Some species ./ere collectcd in higher densities from the surface due to vertical migration at night (Figures 3.2-3.12). !

l These patterns of occurrence were similar during the 1983 sampling year except that the gobies showed no difference from surface or bottom and spot were collected in greater numbers from the surface. Further discussion of spot and croaker vertical movements are presented in Section i 3.3.2.

i Statio" Comparisons t

During the past seven years, the highest densities of larvae have been collected from Dutchman Creek (Station 11) with decreasing densities upriver. This is due to the large number of larval anchovies collected downriver. A table comoaring mean densities by station shows little dif-ference in catches between 1983 and the previous six years except at Sta-tions 11 and 37. The decline at Station 11 and the increase at Station 37 during 1983 can be attributed to atypical catenes of larval anchovies at these stations.

Station 1983 Mean Density 1977-1982 Mean Density 11 (Dutchman Creek) 1588.48 2424.12 18 1229.32 1482.44 25 1245.37 1068.06 i

I 24 (Walden Creek) 37 34 1087.20 1905.41 795.98 843.45 1144.41 781.65 41 749.88 770.41 3-7 i

I Trend Analysis 1977-1983 The river larval fish data from September 1976 through August 1983 were subjected to a linear trend analysis as described in Section 3.2.3.

Results of this analysis are presented in Table 3.2. Plots of the linear trend analysis along with 95 percent confidence levels are shown in Fig-ures 3.13 to 3.24.

l Croaker trends indicated a simple increase in river densities over the analysis period. Pink and white shrimp, seatrout, mullet, spot, men-I haden, and Cobiosoma spp. appeared relatively constant over the same 5 period. Gobionelius spp,, brown shrimp, flounder, anchovies, and total fish densities had significant deviations which injicates that the year-to-year fluctuations could not be described by the linear trend.

R 3.3.2 Discrete Depth Sampling Water Temperature and Salinity Water temperatures ranged from 9.6' to 11.6*C during Round 1 and 13.2' to 15.1*C during Round 2 (Figure 3.25). Water temperatures were 5 generally higher on the surf ace and lower on the bottom. $

Salinities ranged from 3 to 31 ppt during Round 1 and 3 to 28 ppt l during Round 2. The lowest salinities were recorded at the surface (1 m) near low tide, while the highest salinities were recorded at 9 and 11 m near high tide (Figure 3.26).

~

Densities Overall mean densities (excluding slack tides) in 1983 were higher than all previous years due primarily to the high mean densities of croaker (Table 3.3). Heavy rains prior to and during the sampling period caused lower than normal salinities upriver and high freshwater flow.

Therefore, higher croaker concentrations downriver at Station 25 would be 3-8 I__

t I expected since net upstream movement was less. Croaker mean densities were approximately 64 percent higher than in 1982 and 700 percent higher than 1981, inis increase may be primarily due to the addition of the sled in 1982 which sampled the bottom of the ship channel where croaker were

, more abundant. Spot mean densities were 44 percent lower than in 1982 but I were 90 percent higher than in 1981. Bay anchovy mean densities were lower than either in 1982 or 1981. Flounder mean densities were slightly 3

g lower than in 1982 but higher than in 1981. Menhaden mean densities were 5 similar to those in 1982 and slightly lower than in 1981. Mullet mean densities were about the same as both 1982 and 1981 densities. Pinfish mean densities were approximately 500 percent higher than in 1982 and

50 percent higher than in 1981 (Table 3.3). As in 1982, numbers of fishes collected were small for all taxa except spot and croaker; therefore, only densities of spot and croaker were analyzed. Densities of spot were higher for Round 1, while densities of croaker were similar for both I rounds (Figures 3.28 and 3.33).

Figures 3.27 through 3.40 show larval densities during the 1983 study and changes in the densities from depth, tidal , and photoperiod in-fluences.

Analysis of Variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test Results Period The 1983 data show significantly higher larval densities at night for I croaker, but spot show no significant difference (Table 3.7).

Tidal The 1983 data for croaker show no significant difference among tides. During the day, generally more croaker occurred at low and mean tides and the least at high tides. However, no pattern was evident at night when tidal ef fects were mixed between high, mean, and low tides (Table 3.4; Figures 3.28, 3.35, and 3.37).

I I 3-9

I The 1983 data for spot show no significant difference among tides.

During the night, tidal effects were generally mixed between high, mean, and low tides. During the day, however, ger.erally higher densities oc-curred at low and mean tides with the lowest densities occurring at the g

high tides. In 1983 and for rounds sampled in previous years after y periods of heavy rain, there were generally more fish at the low and mean tides which appear to show that the fish are not moving upriver with the net tidal drift during periods of nig5 freshwater flow but are staying in or moving downriver to the more saline areas (Table 3.5; Figures 3.33, 3.36, 3.38, and 3.40).

Depth There was a significant dif ference in densities among depths for croaker. Generally, the largest densities were fnund at the lower depthss Dur'ng the night, Depths 1 and 3 ut contained the lowest densi-ties. Little difference was observed between Depths 5 to 11 m. During the day, densities gradually increased between Depths 3 to 11 m with the highest density at the bottom. The 1-m depth contained the least cro.'aer (Table 3.4; Figures 3.28, 3.37, and 3.40) . There were no significant g tide-by-depth or period-by-tide-by-depth interactions. F M

The analysis of 1983 data for spot show a significant difference E among depths. The daytime data show higher densities of spot at the bot-tom (11 m) of the water column irith the middepths showing moderate densi-ties and the upper depths showing the lowest densities. The nighttime data show that larvae migrated upward in the water column. The highest densities still appeared at the bottom with the remainder of the catch being evenly distributtj in the water column (Table 3.5; Figures 3.33, 3.38, and 3.40). A possible reason for higher-than-normal densities of both species at Depth 11 m was the freshwater flow which caused the larvae to seek the higher saline lower depth.

I I

3-10

E 3.3.3 Entrainment Dominant Species A total of 624 samples was collected over 52 sampling trips (weeks) between September 1, 1982, and August 24, 1983. Croaker was the most abundant species caught, representing 19 percent of the total density of organisms collected during 1983. Spot accounted for 11 percent of the total density. The other winter species--menhaden, mullet, and flounder--

accounted for 1 percent. CoMosoma spp. was the most abundant summer species caucht, representing 15 percent of the total density. The other summer species--gobies, seatrout, and - anchovies--accounted for 2J per-cent. Penaeid shrimp accounted for 6 percent. Mean densitiet a'd ptrcent I of the total catch for the previous eight years and for 1983 are pre, ented in Table 3.6.

Seasonality and Abundance

~

I The mean daily flow through the BSEP for 1983 ranged between 2.02 x 6

10 and 5.41 X 106 cubic meters of water (Table 3.7).

g The mean density of total larval and postlarval fish entrained during 3 the year ranged between 142/1000 m3 (September) and 7350/1000 m3 (June)

(Table 3.8) . Two periods of abundance occurred encompassing the expected winter and summer recruitment periods (Figure 3.41). The winter (December to April) peak was comprised primarily of spot, croaker, flounder, men-haden, mullet, and brown shrimp. The summer (May to August) peak con-sisted mostly of anchovies, seatrout, gobies, and pink and white shrimp, i Spot appeared in the entrainment samples in mid-December and dis-appeared around mid-May. .This period of abundance was consistent with I previous years (Figure 3.42). Spot reached a peak density of 1750/1000 n 3 in mid-March (Table 3.8).

Croaker occurred in the entrainment samples from September to late May. This was consistent with the period of abundance reported for 1975 3-11

I I

to 1982 (Figure 3.43). In January 1983 croaker had a peak abund3nce of 1440/1000 m3 (Table 3.8).

Flounder achieved a peak density of about 27/1000 m3 in mid-February (Table 3.8). The period of abundance for flounder occurred from mid-December to early April--a pattern consistent with previous years. How-E ever, flounder were present in low densities until early May--an extension 3 of occurrence when compared to the average of the previous eight years (Figure 3.44). This extension could be attributed to the low salinities present in the CFR until early May. Normally, sa'inities begin to in-crease in the C.'R during late March (the period when flounder usually disappear); but the late winter and early spring of 1983 were extremely rainy so salinities did not begin to increase until mid-May.

Mullet occurred from January to late March in entrainment samples, g This period of abundance was consistent with previous years (Fig- 5 ure 3.45). A peak abundance of 54/1000 m3 occurred in late March (Table 3.8).

Menhaden appeared sporadically in entrainment samples throughout much of the fall and winter but began to increase in density during early March. Their density decreased dramatically in mid-May and they hed dis- E appeared by June. This period of occurrence was much extended when com- E pared to previous years (Figure 3.46). This could be attributed to the g low salinities in the CFR during the fall of 1982. Beginning in mid- 5 October, the salinity began to decline due te high freshwater flow. Nor-mally, salinities begin to decline in December and menhaden appeared in mid-J anuary. Menhaden achieved a peak density of 96/1000 3m in mid-April (Table 3.8).

Three spcies of penaeid shrimp postlarvae were collected in entrain-i ment sampies; but because of identification problems, they were only iden-tified te +ue genei-ic level. However, those postlarvae that normally occur during We ;pring are primarily brown shrimp and those that occur in I the summer cnd fall are a mixture of pink and white shrimp. These periods of occurrence have been consistent since 1975 (Figure 3.47). A peak 3-12 _

I I density of 329/1000 m3 occurred in mid-April for brown shrimp. Because the period of occurrence for pink and white shrima spans two analysis I perieds, it is difficult to pinpoint their peak densities accurately using only one period's data. The highest density observed during this report-ing period was 1130/1000 m3 (early September) conttituting the peak den-sity for 1982. To date, the peak density of pink and white shrimp for 1983 is 928/1000 m3 (mid-July) (Table 3.8).

The period of abundance for anchovies occurred from mid-May and per-sisted into the fall months. This occurrence was consistent with those reported during the previous ei5ht years (Figure 3.48). A peak abundance t, 3

of 4430/1000 m cccurred in lata June (Table 3.8).

Seatrout had a period of abundance beginning in late May and persis-ting into the f all months. This was consistent with periods of abundance ,

occurring during the previous eight years (Figure 3.49). A peak abundance 3

of 91/1000 m cccurred in early June (Table 3.8).

Cobionellus spp. appeared to have two periods of occurrence as seen in previous years. The first period of abundance occurred from mid-September to mid-January. The seccnd period occurred from early March to

. late July (Figure 3.50). A fall period peak density of about 235/1000 m 3 occurred in late October, and a spring period peak density of about 3

65/1000 m occurred in mid-June (Table 3.8).

Cobiosoma spp. appeared in entrainment samples beginning in early May and persisted through the early fall months--a pattern seen in previous years (Figure 3.51). A peak density of 2630/1000 m3 occurred in late June (Table 3.8) .

Number Entrained I

The mean number of organisms entrained per day by the once-through cooling system was computed by multiplying the mean density per day by the mean flow per day.

3-13

I Total organisms entrained per day ranged from a low of 4.44 X 10 5/ day in late September to a high of 3.47 X 107 / day in late June (Table 3.7).

The pattern of entrainment numbers followed closely the pattern of larval density for each of the species. The maximum entrainment of spot was 4.73 X 106 / day in late March and for croaker a maximum of 3.89 X 106 j day occurred in early January. Of the other winter species, flounder had a maximum entrainment of 7.20 X 104/ day in mid-February. menhaden of 2.36 X 105 / day in late March, and mullet of 1.46 X 10 5/ day in late March. The maximum entrainment of brown shrimp was 6.66 X 10 6

/ day in mid-April .

(Table 3.7).

Of the summer species, anchovies had a maximum entrainment of 2.09 X 7

g 10 / day in late June and seatrout of 2.47 X 10 5/ day in early June. The 5 maximum entrainment of pink and white shrimp for 1982 was 3J7 X 106 fq,y (early September) and 4.38 X 106 / day for 1983 (mid-July). The ;aaximum fall entrainme t raie for aoMcnettus spp, was 1.11 X 100 / day in late October, and the maximum spring rate was 1.75 X 10 5/ day in mid-June.

7 CoMosoma spp. had a maximum entrainment of 1.24 X 10 / day in late June (Table 3.7).

Diel Patterns The densities of entrained organisms previously discussed in this section were based on means constructed fram 24-hour periods. There was considerable variation around each mean duo to the difference in densities over a 24-hour period. The densities of organisms entrained during the daytime were consistently lower than at nighttime (Figures 3.41 through 3.51). This pattern has been consistent since 1975.

Trend Analysis I

i 3 l

The larval entrainment data from September 1974 to August 1983 was l

subjected to a linear trend analysis. An explanation of the analysis procedure and interpretation of results appear in Section 3.2.3.

l 3-14

i The trends for mullet and total fish suggest a simple increase in entrainment densities over the analysis period. Menhaden exhibited a relatively constant level of abundance. All other species reported sig-nificant deviations which 1.dicate i st the year-to-year fluctuations cannot be described by the linear trend (Table 3.9). Plots of mean Log 10 density (density + 10) for the years analyzed are presented for all spe-cies in Figures 3.52 to 3.63. These plots depict the observed density and the predicted density trend line including 95 percent confidence inter-l vals.

3.4 Summary and Conclusions During 1983 the periods of occurrence of the major species enalyzed in the river larval fish program were similar to previous years. A com-parison of mean log 10 densities for total fish showed that 1983 densities I were similar to the average of the previous six years. During 1983, spot, anchovy, CoMosema spp., and seatrout densities were below the previous six-year average. Croaker, flounder, and CoMonedus spp, densities were above the six-year average. Overall, higher densities of fish were col- ,

lected from the bottom than from the surface. The results of the seven-year linear trend analysis for the river larval fish p ogram showed a simple increase in densities of croaker and relatively constant densities of mullet, menhaden, aoMosoma spp., pink and white shrimp, seatrout, and spot for the years 1976 to 1983. All other species had significant devia-I- tions which 'ndicated that the year-to-year fluctuations could not be described by the linear trend.

Discrete depth sampling was only conducted at the downriver station (25) due to extremely heavy ri. ins and inclement weather. A bottom sled was used to sample the bottom of the water column in the river channel.

Overall, mean dcasities and croaker mean densities for 1983 were up from those of 1982 and previous years. Spot mean- densities were lower than in 1982 but higher than in 1981.

I I

3-IS

I f

Vertical distribution curves of the 1983 data show croaker and spot larvae to be concentrated at or near the bottom. Croaker had maximum densities on or near the bottom and minimum densities near the surface.

Previous data show that at night spot were found at higher densities near bu' not necessarily at the surf ace. The 1983 data show spot at higher concentrations at the bottom with the next highest concentrations at the 3- and 5-m depths. This unusual distribution may be explained by the occurrence of high freshwater flow; consequently, the larvae were seeking the higher sal <ne water on the bottom.

The data rhow that spot and croaker were more abundant in the bottom half of the water column, and hence they were carried upstream with the net nontidal drif t. The data also indicate that heavy rains (causing high freshwater flows and low salinities) may have reversed this situation, thus the larvae were ccntained downriver in the salt wedge.

The periods of occurrence of the majority of the species analyzed in the entrainment program were similar in 1983 to the previous eight-year average. However, flounder were present later in the spring and menhaden appeared, albeit sporadically, earlier than normal. Both these extensions could be attributed to unusually low Salinities. Overall, higher densi-t:es of fish were entrained at night than during the day. Entrainment data for 1974 to 1983 that was subjected to a linear trend analysis showed a simple increase in densities of mullet and total fish and a relatively constant level of abundance of menhaden. All other species reported sig-nificant deviations.

I I

I 3-16 g

M M M -

M' M M M M M M M M M Table 3.1 Mean density (number /1000 cubic meters) and percent total of fish, penacid shrimp and crabs collected in the Cape Fear River, September 1976 to August 1983.

Sep 76 - de 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Scientific Name Species Common Name Density i Density 7, Petromyzontidae Lampreys Petromyzon er2rinus sea lamprey 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Elopidae Tarpons E. saurus ladyfish 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 E. saurus(leptocephalus) ladyfish 0.53 0.03 0.45 0.03 Megalops atlanticus tarpon 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 M. atlanticus(leptocephalus) . tarpon 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anguillidae Freshwater cels Anguilla roacrata American eel 0.83 0.04 0.57 0.04 Y Congridae Conger cels C Conger oceanicus conger eel 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ophichthidae Snake eels 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Myrophis punctatus speckled wom cel 0.38 0.02 0.35 0.02 M. punctatus(leptocephalus) speckled wom eel 3.19 0.16 1.19 0.08 ophichthus gamesi shrimp cel 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.00

0. ocellatus palespotted cel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 00 Clupeidae flerrings 0.0L 0.00 0.86 0.06 Alosa spp. shad unid. 0.0D 0.00 0.04 0.00 A. aestioatis blueback herring 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A. pseudoharengus alcuife 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A. sapidissima A.merican shad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Breooortia tyrannus Atlantic menhaden 16.32 0.81 18.53 1.29 Dorosoma cepediarrum 9 izzard shad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 opisthonema oglinum Atlantic thread herring 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Engraulidae Anchovies Anchoa spp. anchovy unid. 503.47 24.97 308.28 21.40 A. hepsetus striped anchovy 19.08 0.95 10.86 0.75 A. mitchilli bay anchovy 441.87 21.92 269.51 18.71

Table 3.1 (continued)

Sep 76 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Scientific Name Species Cocrcn Name Density % Density %

B Umbridae Mudminnows Umbra pygmea eastern mudminnow 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 Synodontidae Lizardfishes Synodus foecens inshore lizardfish 0.11 0.01 0.07 0.00 Cyprinidae Carps and cinnows 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Cyprinus carpio comon carp 0.34 0.02 0.02 0.00 secenigonus crysoleucas golden shiner 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Aphredoderidae Pirate perches y Aphredoderus sayanus pirate perch 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00

" Batracholdidae Toadfishes opsanua tcu cyster toadfish 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gobiesocidae Clingfishes Cobiesox spp. clingfish urad. 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 C. strumosue skilletfish 2.19 0.11 1.22 0.09 Lophiidae Goosefishes Lophius americanus scosefish 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gadidae Codfishes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Urophycis floridana southern hake 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 U. regia spotted hake 0.00 0.-30 0.00 0.00 Ophidiidae Cusk-ecis 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 ophidion usishi crested cusk-eel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Exocoetidae Flyingfishes Nemiramphus spp. .haifbeak unid. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hyporhamphus unifasciatus halfbeak 0.03 0.00 0.00 (, .00 Belonidae heedicfishes iTerongylura mrina Atlantic needlefish 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 Cyprinodontidae Killifishes 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fundulus spp. killifish unid. 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 I M M M M WE M -

M M M M M

sus sus sus sus mum num num ums um uns aus suas aus um uma uma num uma Table 3.1 (continued)

Sep 76 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 ~

Species Comon Na::e Density ; Density %

Species Scientific Name mu:T:ichog 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 F. hetercelicus Poeciliidae Livebearers 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cambusia cffinis mos:iuitoffsh 0.42 Silversides 28.74 1.43 6.09 Atherinidae 0.02 0.00 1.57 0.11 Merrbras rurtinica rough silverside ini d silverside 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nenidia beryllina Atlantic silverside 0.01 0.00 0.20 0.01 M. menidia Syngnathidae Pipefishes lined seahorse 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 y Hippocampus erectus 0.11 0.01 pipefish unid. 0.29 0.01

Syngnathus spp. 0.03 0.69 0.05 northern pipefish 0.64 S. fuscus 0.56 0.03 0.40 0.03 S. louisiance chain pipefish Percichthyidae Temperate basses temperate bcss unid. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Norone spp.

Sea basses 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 Serranidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 Centropristis spp. sea bass unid. 0.00 l

grouper unid. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Epinephelus spp. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 l nycteroperca spp.(larvae) grouper larvae Centrarchidae Sunfishes i

Sunfish unid. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 l Leporris spp. 0.00 0,00 0.00 l wamouth 0.00 L. pr. osus 0.15 crappie unid. 0.00 0.00 2.23 Pcrnoris spp. 0.01 0.00 Perches 0.01 0.00 Percidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 Etheostoma. spp. darter unid. 0.00 yellow perch 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.07 Perca f7avescens Pomato#aidae Bluc ishes bluefish 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 Pcmacomua saItatriz 0.02 0.10 0.01 Carangidae Jacks 0.40

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m m m m M mm em m m m m m W m m em m m Table 3.1 (continued)

Sep 76 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Scientific Name Species Common Name Density % Density %

red drum 0.21 0.01 0.13 0.01 Sciaenops oce!Iatus 1.40 0.10 star drum 0.45 0.02 SteIIifer Ianceolatus Ephippidae Spadefishes Atlantic spadefish 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.01 Chaetodipterus faber Labridae Wrasses 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tautoga onitis tautog Mugilidae Mullets mullet unid. 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Nugil sop. 0.18 3.98 0.28 striped mullet '? .66 y N. cephaIus 0.01 0.10 0.01

" n. curc,a white mullet 0.15

~

Sphyraenidae Barracudas northern sennet 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sphyraena borealis 0.01 0.00 Uranoscopidae Stargazers 0.00 0.00 stargazer unid. 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 Astroscopus spp. 0.00 northern stargazer 0.00 0.00 0.01 A. guttatus 0.00 southern stargazer 0.00 0.00 0.00 A. y-grcecurr 0.61 Blennfijae Combtooth blennies 10.18 0.50 8.77 striped blenny 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Chasmodes bosquianus feather blenny 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 HypsobIennius hentzi 0.00 0.00 0.00 II. ionthus freckled blenny 0.00 Eleotridae Sleepers 0.45 0.02 0.73 0.05 Domitator r:uculatus fat sleeper 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 Electris pisonis spinycheck sleeper Gobies 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gobiidae 1.04 0.07 CobicneIIus spp. goby unid. 7.17 0.36 darter goby 2.15 0.11 18.49 1.28 l C. boteosoma 2.25' O.16 C. hastatus sharptati geby 0.34 0.02 freshwater goby 0.62 0.03 1.05 0.07 C. shufeldti

Table 3.1 (continued)

Sep 76 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Scientific Name Species Comon Name Density % Density %

Cobiosom spp. goby unid. 322.75 16.01 65.49 4.55

c. besci naked goby 0.69 0.03 6.53 0.59 C. ginsburgi seaboard goby 0.10 0.01 11.71 0.81 C. robustici code goby 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 Microgobius spp. goby unid. B.04 0.40 5.49 0.38 Scombridae Mackerels somberomorus mculatus Spanish mackerel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Stromateidae Butterfishes m PepriIus spp. butterfish unid. 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 4 P. alepidotus harvestfish 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.00

" P. triacanthus buttarfish 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Triglidae Searobins Prionotus spp. searobin unid. 0.f,9 0.04 0.83 0.06 P. carolinus northern searobin 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 P. scicutus leopard searobin 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 P. tribulus bighead searobin 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 Bothidae Lefteye flounders 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 Ancylopsetta qmzdroceIIata ocellated flounder 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Citharichthys spp. whiff unid. 0.67 0.03 1.55 0.11 C. spilopterus bay whiff 0.02 0.00 0.13 0.01 Etropus crossotus fringed flounder 0.04 0.00 0.17 0.01 Paralichthys spp. flounder unid. 6.09 0.30 0.05 0.00 P. aIbigutta gulf flounder 0.26 0.01 3.44 0.24 P. dentatus summer flounder 0.41 0.02 2.37 0.16 l P. Isthostigm southern flounder 2.01 0.10 1.54 0.11 Scophthalmus aquosus windowpane 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 Soleidae Soles Trinecces mculatus hogchoker 2.96 0.15 2.11 0.15

l uns aus uns asm num uma amm som num man sum uma ammi en ums s!!!s sum num aus Table 3.1 (continued)

Sep 76 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Common Name Density % Density %

Species Scientific Name Cynoglossidae Tonguefishes tonguefish unid. 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 Synphurus spp. 0.01 0.27 0.02 S. civitatus offshore tonguefish 0.17 blackcheek tonguefish 3.63 0.18 4.74 0.33 S. plagiusa Balistidae 1.eatherjackets 0.GG 0.na 0,00 0,00 Aluterus schoepfi orange f11efish planchead filefish 0.05 a.00 0.03 0.00 Monacanthus hispidus 0.00 0.00 Boxfishes A.00 9.00 Ostraciidae 3.00 0.00 0.00 v Tetraodontidae Puffers G GG northern puffer 0.03 0.0S 0.04 0.00 h Sphoeroides meuIatus Diodontidae Porcupinefishes 0.01 ,00 0.01 0.00 Chilcerycterus schoepfi striped burrfish 0.18 0.01 Fish unid. Fish unid. 0.05 0.X Penacid shrimp 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.01 Penacidae 0.00 0.00 Penaeus spp.(adult) penaeus 0.17 0.01 penaeus 75.07 3.72 75.05 5.21 P. spp.(postlarvae) brown shrimp 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 P. aztecus pink shrimp 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 P. daararum 0.00 0.00 white shrimp 0.00 0.00 P. setiferus 2.49 0.12 1.79 0.12 Trachypeneus spp.(postlarvae) trachypeneus t-con or hardback shrimp 7.51 0.37 12.81 0.83 l T. constrictus 8.E! 0.43 6.63 0.46

! Portunidae Swimming crabs swimming crabs 149.11 7.40 114.46 7.95 Portunidae(megalops) 0.04 0.00 calico crab 0.00 0.00 Ovatipes ocellatus 0.00 0.00 0.00 Portunus spp. swimming crabs 0.01 blue crabs 1.09 0.05 0.13 0.01 CaIIinectes spp.

=

Table 3.1 (continued) l l Sep 76 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 l Species Scientific Name Species Comon Name Density % Density %

l l C. ecpidus blue crab 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.05

! Efforts 3114 642 w

t PJ b

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IM M M M M M 88 M M M M M M M M M M

I Table 3.2 River larval fish trend analysis for September 1976 to August 1983.

Deviation from % Change Species Linear Trend Linear Trend Error Per Year Atlantic croaker 0.3316** 0.0278NS 0.0143 +28.48 Gobiancitus spp. 0.2546** 0.0404

0.0053 +27.19 Brown shrimp 0.1805 0.0519 0.0171 +20.23 Total fish 0.0277** 0.0199 0.0411 +7.51 Pink and white shrimp 0.0199 NS 0.0353 NS 0.0304 +6.96 Mullet 0.0075 NS 0.0159 NS 0.0066 +3.83 Spot 0.0010 NS 0.0075NS 0.0107 +1.37 Atlantic menhaden 0.0002 NS 0.0582 NS 0.0371 +0.64 Seatrout 0.0012 NS 0.0113 NS 0.0171 -1.62 Flounder 0.0254 NS 0.0336 0.0095 -6.27 Cobiosona spp. 0.0423 NS 0.0506 NS 0.0202 -8,50 Anchovies 0.0829** 0.0617* 0.0180 -12.83 I NS Not Significant

Significance Level = 0.05

- Significance Level = 0.01 I

I I

I I 3-25

Table 3.3 Mean larval density from 1981, 1982, and 1983 discrete depth sampling programs--Station 25.

I Year Species 1981 1982 1983 I

Cay anchovy 29.22 36.98 11.76 Atlantic croaker 258.84 1131.69 1855.70 Flounder 14.53 39.03 34.56 Atlantic nenhaden 35.28 25.75 25.47 Mullet 0.47 2.05 0.89 I Pinfish 30.93 9.84 49.71 Spot 102.J5 344.32 196.46 Total organisms 501.48 1664.61 2266.00 Number of efforts 239 240 192 I

E E

I I

3-26 5

. _ _ _ - - _ - - - . - - _ . - . _ _ - . _ _ _ - . _ - _ . _ _ _ - - . . - . _ _ - _ - - - - - - _ _ . _ _ . - - - - - _ - - - - _ _ _ . _ - _ .m

I II Table 3.4 Results of analysis of variance for croaker in the 1983 l discrete depth sampling program.

Main plot:

Round tJS l

Period ***

Duncan's MR Log Period 2.97 IJight 2.39 Day Tidal NS Log _

Tide 2.96 Low in 2.82 Mean in 2.73 Mean out 2.70 Low out 2.68 High in 2.27 High out Period

Tidal NS Day _

Night Log Tide Log j ide 2.84 Low in 3,30 Mean in 2.52 Mean out 3.18 High in 2.49 Low out 2.95 liean out 2.34 Mean in 2,92 Low out 2.19 High in 2.88 Low in 1.97 High out 2.59 High out I

NS Not significant - P > 0.05 0.01 < P < 0.05 0.001 < P < 0.01

- - P < 0.001 -

I 3-27

-~

I!

G Table 3.4 (continued)

, I!

Sub-plot:

I);

Depth '

Log Depth 3.51 11

, 3.20 9 3.15 7 2.93 5 ,

1.98 3 1.31 1 Period

Depth ***

Day Night Log Depth Loo Dep+d 3.52 11 3.48 11 3.20 3.16 9

7 3.21 3.13 9

7 l

i 2.81 5 3.04 5 1.16 3 2.81 3 0.49 1 2.13 1 Tidal

Depth NS l Period

Tidal

Depth

I I.

Not significant - P > 0.05 NS 0.01 < P < 0.05 5

0.001 < P < 0.01 P ,< 0.001 - ,

I'

3-28 E>

as I

. _ , . . . ~ , . . . . . . . , . . _ . . . . _ . . _ , . _ _ . . . . . . . . , . . . . . _ _ . . . . . . _ . . _ . _ _ . . . _ . _ _ . . _ . , _ _ . _ . . _ . . _ , . . . . _ . _ _ _ . , _ - , , . . . _ . _ - ,

I

!I Table 3.5 Results of analysis of variance for spot in the 1983 discrete l depth sampling program.

Main plot:

Round ***

Log Round 2.12 1 1.69 2 Period us Tidal ys Lo9 Tide 2.11 Mean in I 1.99 High in 1.93 Low in 1.87 Low out 1.85 Mean out 1.67 High out Period

Tidal us P,'y Night _

Log Tide Log Tide 1.96 Low in 2.28 Mean in 1.96 Mean in 2.24 High in 1.90 Low out 1.90 Low in I 1.83 1,74 Mean out High in 1.88 1.85 Mean out Low out 1.54 High out 1.81 High out HS Not significant - P > 0.05 0.01 < P < 0.05

- 0.001 < P < 0.01 P < 0.001 -

I I 3-29

I Table 3.5 (continued)

Sub-plot:

I Depth ***

I

Log Depg l 2.43 11 1 2.06 2.06 7

5 l l 1.94 9 l 1.61 3 1.33 1 g 5 l Il Period

Depth ***

Day Night Log Depth top Depth ,

d 2.52 11 2.34 11 2.31 7 2,07 5 2.13 9 2.02 3 2.04 5 1.95 1 ;

1.21 3 1.82 7 0.70 1 1.75 9 Tidal

Depth NS Period

Tidal

Depth NS I

I NS Not significant - P > 0.05 0.01 < P < 0.05 0.001 < F< 0.01

- - P -< 0.001 ~ .

I 3-30

aus e e as num um sua mas a sus um aus e e amm sua mas sus ums Table 3.6 Mean density (number /1000 cubic meters) and percent total of fish, penacid shrimp and crabs entrained, September 1974 to August 1983.

Sep 74 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug P3 Species Common Name Density % Density %

Species Scientific Name Tarpons 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 Elopidae 0.93 0.06 Elops eaurus (Ieptocephalus) 1adyfish 0.72 0.04 0.30 0.02 0.10 0.01 Negalogo atlanticus(Ieptocepha tarpon Anguillidae Freshwater cels American eel 1.42 0.08 0.76 0.05 Anguilla rostrata Ophichthidae Snake cels speckled wom eci 0.87 0.05 0.62 0.04 Myrophis punctatus 0.59 0.04 N. punctatus(Zeptocephalus) speckled wom cel 2.63 0.16 shritrp cel 0.13 0.01 0.10 0.01 y Ophichthus gcmesi 0.03 0.00 Clupeidae Herrings 0.00 0.00 3 blueback herring 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Alosa oestioalis 9.96 0.59 10.43 0.63 Becooortia tyrannus Atlantic menhaden gizzard shad 2.69 0.16 0.00 0.00 Doroacm cepediamen Engraulidae Anchovies Anchoa spp. anchovy unid. 202.05 11.92 214.64 12.88 striped anchovy 19.39 1.14 17.16 1.03 A. hepsetus 151.44 9.09 A. mitchilli bay anchovy 182.57 10.77 Synodontidae Lizardfishes inshore lizardfish 0.05 0.00 0.36 0.02 synodus fcetens Cyprinidae Carps and minnows common carp 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cyprinus carpio Batrachoididae Toadfishes oyster toadfish 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 l Opsanus taa

) Gobiesocidae Clingfishes ski 11etfish 2.37 0.14 2.08 0.13 Gobiesox strumosus Gadidae Codfishes hake unid. 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ur d ucis spp. 0.00 southern hake 0.00 0.00 0.00

v. floridana

.=

Table 3.6 (continued)

Sep 74 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Scientific Name Species Co::non Name Density % Density I U. regia spotted hake 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ophidiidae Cusk-eels 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 ophidion velshi crested cusk-cel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Exoccetidae Flyingfishes Nemiramphus bmsiliensis ballyhoo 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hyporhamphus unifasciatus hal fbeak 0.23 0.01 0.13 0.01 Belonidae Needlefishes strongylura m rina Atlantic needlefish 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cyprinodontidae Killifishes 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 w Cyprinodon turiegatus sheepshead minnow 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0

Fundulus spp. killifish unid. 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 F. heteroclitus cumr.li chog 0.04 0.00 0.38 0.02 F. ma,falis striped kil1ifish 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Poeciliidae Livebearers canbusia affinis mosquitoffsh 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Atherinidae Silversides 67.91 4.01 31.32 1.88 Membrae mrtinica rough silverside 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 Menidia menidia Atlantic silverside 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 Syngnathidae Pipefishes Hippocampus erectus lined seahorse 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 syngnathus spp. pipefish unid. 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

s. fuscus northern pipefish 0.38 0.02 0.20 0.01 S. Iouisianae chain pipefish 0.25 0.01 0.29 0.02 Serranidae Sea basses 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 Centrarchidae Sunfishes Micropterua salmoides 1argemouth bass 0.00 0.00 0.00 n.00 Pomoris spp. crappie unid. 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 Percidae Perches 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 W W M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

i M M M M M M M i M M M M M M M M M M M M Table 3.6 (continued)

Sep 74 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Scientific Name Species Connon Name Density % Density yellow perch 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 Ferca flavescens 0.13 0.01 0.04 0.00 Carangidae Jacks crevalle jack 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 camn hippos 0.00 chlorosecmbrus chrysurus Atlantic bumper 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 C.00 oligoplites saurus leatherjacket 0.00 0.00 Selene vomer- lookdown 0.00 0.00 permit 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tmehinotus falcatus 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lutjanidae Snappers gray snapper 0.12 0.01 0.10 0.01 Luc fanus griseus 1.30 0.08 y Gerreidae 7tjarra: 1.25 0.07 spotfin mojarra 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

$ Eucinostceus argenteus Haemulidae Grunts ;

0.12

~

3.25 0.19 2.05 orthopristis chrysoptem pigfish 1 Sparidae Porgies sheepshead 0.18 0.01 0.10 0.01 l Archosargus probatocephalus 10.17 0.61 Lagodon rhcmboides pinfish 4.45 0.26 Drums 0.16 0.01 0.02 0.00 Sciaenidae 7.50 0.44 6.75 0.41 Bairdiel!a chryscum silver perch spotted seatrout 1.67 0.10 0.81 0.05 Cynoscion ncIuloeus 4.89 0.29

c. regalis weakfish 6.53 0.39 spot 158.84 9.37 164.77 11.09 Leiostomus .ranthurus 0.05 0.77 0.05 Henticirrhus spp. if ngfish unic. 0.88 Micrupogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker 134.55 7.94 322.76 19.37 black drum 2.9a 0.17 0.22 0.01 Pogonias crcnis 0.10 0.01 Sciaenops ocel!atus red drum 0.70 0.04 star drum 0.23 0.01 C.13 0.01 Stellifer Ianceolatus Ephippidae Spadefishes Atlantic spadefish 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.00 chaetoliptems faber

1ahle 3.6 (continued)

Sep 74 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Scientific Name Species Cocraon Name Density % Density %

Labridae Wrssses Tautoga onitis tautog 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mugilidae Mullets Hugil spo. mullet unid. 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 N. cephalus striped oullet 9.28 0.55 4.39 0.26

n. curena white mullet 0.16 0.01 0.18 0.01 Sphyracnidae Barracudas Sphyraena borealis northern sennet 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 Uranoscopidae Stargazers y Astroscopus spp. stargazer unid. 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 y A. guttatus northern stargazer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Blenniidae Combtooth blennies 11.44 0.67 17.13 1.03 Electridae Sicepers Domitator maculatus fat sleeper 0.39 0.02 0.66 0.04 Gobiidae Gobies 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 Bathygobius soporator frillfin goby 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 CobioneIIus spp. goby unid. 7.29 0.43 0.10 0.01 C. SIcosoma darter goby 3.97 0.23 26.89 1.61 C. nastatus sharptall goby 0.57 0.03 3.75 0.23 C. shufeldti freshwater goby 1.19 0.07 1.54 0.09 Cobioscrna spp. goby unid. 398.79 23.53 257.82 15.47 C. bosci naked goby 3.27 0.19 8.28 0.50 C. ginsburgi seaboard goby 1.98 0.12 5.26 0.32 Microgobius spp. goby unid. 18.42 1.09 10.81 0.65 Microdesmidae Wormfishes Microfesm s longipinnis pink womfish 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 Stromateidae Butterfishes Pepritus alepidotus harvestfish 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 IM M M M M M M WB M M M M M M M M M M M

m W W M m m W W m m m m m M M M M M M Table 3.6 (continued)

Sep 74 - Aug 82 Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Scientific Name Species Comon Name Density % Density %

t P. triacanthus butterfish 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 Triglidae Searobins i Prionotus spp. searobin unid. 0.68 0.04 0.31 0.02 P. tribulus bighead searobin 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Bothidae Leftcye flounders Citharichthys spp. whiff unid. 1.12 0.07 1.98 0.12 Etropus crossotus fringed flourder 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 Famlichthys spp. flounder unid. 3.09 0.18 0.03 0.00 F. albigatta 0.38 0.02 gulf flounder 0.72 0.04 u P. dentatus summer flounder 0.34 0.02 1.44 0.09 d, P. Iethostigm southern flounder 2.23 0.13

" 1.51 0.09 ,

Scophthalmus aquosus windowpane 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 l Soleidae Soles Trinectes mculatus hogchoker 1.87 0.11 0.93 0.06 Cynoglossidae Tonguefishes '

Symphurus spp. tonguefish unid. 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.00 S. civicatus offshore tonguefish 0.15 0.01 0.13 0.01 S. plagiusa blackcheek tonguefish 3.95 0.23 7.82 0.47 Balistidae Leatherjackets Honacanthus hispidus planehead filefish 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.00 Tetraodontidae Puffers sphoeroides mculatus northern puffer 0.04 0.00 0.15 0.01 Fish unid. Fish unid. 0.11 0.01 0.10 0.01 l Penacidae Penaeid shrimp 0.04 0.00 0.28 0.02 i Penceus spp.(adult) penaeus 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Penaeus spp. (postlarvae) penaeus 154.80 9.13 104.99 6.30 P. duomewn pink shriep 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ;

P. setiferus white shrimp 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 i i

i k

Table 3.6 (continued)

Sep 74 - Aug 8? Sep 82 - Aug 83 Species Cosaon Name Density % Density Species Scientific Name t-con or hardback shrimp 5.45 0.32 10.61 0.64 Trachypeneus constrictus 7.78 0.46 5.61 0.34 Portunidae Swimming crabs swicming crabs 237.82 14.03 225.82 13.55 Portunidaefmegalops) 0.01 0.02 0.00 callinectes spp. blue crabs 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 C. sapidus blue crab - - - - - - - _ - _

------- ----------------- _-- 1,566.67 100.0 1,694.88 99.9 Total mean 2711 624 Efforts Y

l IE E E E E E E 6 E E E E W W M M M g

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3-40

I I Table 3.9 Entrainment trend analysis for September 1974 to August 1983.

I Deviation fron

% Change Species Linear Trend Linear Trend Error Per Year i

Total fish 0.0746** 0.0022NS 0.0024 +8.46 Spot 0.1843** 0.0133** 0.0041 +13.61 i

I Atlantic croaker 0.1112** 0.0496

0.0054 +10.42 I Flounder 0.0111 0.0087 0.0017 43,19 Atlantic menhaden 0.0028 NS 0.0191 NS 0.0106 41.57 Mullet 0.0353 0.0051 NS 0.0047 +5.74 Brown shrimp 0.0301 NS 0.0285 0.0110 -5.03 Pink and white shrimp 0.0271 NS 0.0583 0.0094 +5.02 Anchovies 0.0002 NS 0.0383 0.0071 -0.45 Seatrout 0.0369 0.0149 0.0021 -5.55 coMonettua spp. 0.0154** 0.0059 0.0007 +3.76 CoM oeom spp. 0.1723** 0.0513 0.0085 +13.13 NS Not s19nificant Significance level = 0.05

- Significance level = 0.01 I

I-I I

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I E

larvae /1000m3 10000- 1983 0 *FURFACE I 1000 -

X

BOTTOM 100 - T"#b" '

E A 18 I

N ,1 Wm== ;; A h -; =

D0 -

E 1977 1982 I N 5 1000 -

I 100 -

I 10 - /

\

I e e=r.

SEP OCT f40V DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG

. . . . , , r, WEEK Figure 3.2 Riser larval f*v.h surface / bottom mean density for spot, 1983 vs.1977-1982 asernge.

tervae/1000m 3 1983 I ,

O =$URrACE X = 80TTOM 1000 - ,X - M e< % ,x +/, g x-x I M 100 - M- H *A

/

\ / \

%"'x I E - %

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A 10 -

N \

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S 1000 -

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s l Y 100 -

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4 fg

/ \

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g

4 %

M=g 10 - t l 0 -

i i - i i . . i i , ,

A s-a SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG I Figure 3.3 WEEK River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for Atlantic croaker, 1983 vt 1977-1982 average.

B se

i I

3 larvee/tooom 3933 g , ,yy ,c, tecec- x . ,o730u toco -

too -

M Ite N

, /Y M' '

oo - :: : : .: :: - . d '

'n--n-W C 1977 1982 N

s 1000 -

I T

Y 100 -

to -

[W 0

-m-s=r~ i SEP OCT NOV DEC VAN FEB lAAR APR MAY VON VUL AUG i i . i

- y e=r-~m l kEEK Figure 3,4 River lanal fish surface / bottom mean density for flounder, 1983 vs.1977-1984 average.

3 1983 0

sum Act larvee/1000m teces- X ' BOTTOM 1203 -

100 - E x 5 e

A 18 -

N X g oe E

- :: :- - :: :: H FM a4# 'x - w - x -, .-*-a :: W 1977 1082 N

s 1000 -

I T

Y 100 -

10 l g - - - -- _. ~ M N Y- < - g. h h : a i i . . i i i i i i e i .

l SEP OCT NOV DEC VAN FES f4AR APR MAY VUN VUL AUG WEEK g l a Figure 3.5 Rher lanal fish surface / bottom mean density for mullet, 1983 vs.1977-1982 average.

3-44 g

I E

larvee/1000m 3 1983 0 .MW 10000" x . Dortou teca -

100 -

wy

^'

I "

'" ~

.- -, = x M%)

E to n.1982 N

S 1000 -

I T

E Y 100 - , s 5 -& -

te - 'x I

\

0 -l : ? *r*-,-id d [ ,. , -r .- T-b7d?"2*r-SEP OCT NOV DEC JN4 FES MAR APR MAY dun . JUL AUG E WEEK Figure 3,6 Rher lanal nsh surface / bottom incan density for Athintic inenhaden, 1983 vs.1977-1982 aserage, 3

larvae /1000m a .sVHFACE tecoc- x cortou 1000 -

Y 100 .. ....~.:

/

g !io H

_ if^\ 3 y

@dg ,/M

/

,a w -> ;%e 1977 1982 s t800 - %

I Y l20 - , 4 hM- : .;; b fg v[

I to 0 a . -

, , c , r_, - - , ,- , , , . ,

SEP oCT NOV DEC JM4 FEB MAR APR MAY JUN UUL AUG WEEK I Figure 3,7 River lan al Osh surface / bottom mean density for shritup, 1983 vs 1977-1982 aserage. (Shaded atea = brown shrimp analysis iv.riod),

3-45

I I 3 1933 et larvae /1000m a ]un teBea- j t200 <

s

[W tee -

H x I %.

E p10

- 'K x-

,7 R s a

D0

[s t ece - 1977 1982 y -

k I /

c T Y 100

+g 10 -

.g- K ,x Mb4 s e -

i . . . . . . . i . . .

SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FES MAR A?R MAY JUN UUL AUG I_ uEEK Figure 3.8 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for anchovies, 1983 vs 1977 -1982 average, 1983 larvae /10007: 3 g ,gygpge, F X = BOTTOM 1Ocea-tese -

100 -

f g M / s I N De 18 -

s

/

I [s tese -

I 1977 1983 T

. Y 100 -

p y

to -

'I g _ %' __.._____

i . . i i . . . . . . .

SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY VUN VUL AUG u Et .

Figure 3.9 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for seatrout, 1983 vs.1977-1982 average.

4 W 3-46

I tarvoe/1000m 3 1983 D = SURF ACF I

X"0" teceo-1e00 -

100 -

M 10 -

'* -d - 'M M;*

DD E 191719d2 N

s 1000 - .

I T

Y 160 -

te -

3; : ~ -

, _g g _

. . . . . i -- . .

i i . i SEP OCT NOV DEC DAN FEB MAk APR MAY UUN OUL AUG WEEK F'gure 3.10 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for Cob lonellus spp.,

1983 vs.1977-1982 average.

larvae /1000m 3 1983 Q *$URFACE I

X = 00TTOM 18809 tesa -

I -

5 see - s

,g ,5 -

E A te -

\

/

N De l'" ; R S$ 5 : : : : .,

1977 1982 h

s 1000 -

I

T Y 100 -

+3 \

10 -

s 0 ~

. i. . " 5 = 5 5 = 7 . . . .

SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG WEEK Figure 3.11 River larval fish surface / bottom mean density for Gobiosoma spp.,

1983 vs.1977-1982 average.

3-47 l

)

1983 3 0

WRF ACE tarvae/1000m X - DOTTou o'

/

t000 - 8g / M-#'AY *'" ,sd

, ! %h-a ,j l / '/

I i. , ty. .<' s 100 - 1 I

10 -

H E

I :

D0 ~2 E 1977 1982 A%:

i H s

T 7.,r'

,//

/ \

s 1000 - ,8 'd~ 'N, ,

\ ,'

8'M /

,kbl y

~0 . % 4=c'!

I 10 -

0 ~

1 i i i i i i i e i SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY .JUN .fUL AUG WELK Figure 3.12 River larval fish surface / bottom mean dertsity for total fish, 1983 vs.1977-1982 average.

I 3-48

I 3

tarvae/1000m 3.0-2.9-

/ ,*',.

l

X a .e**,

2.6-

L '

O h **---------

G 2.7-*

t .

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I : <*** ** ,,

T 2.4- x Y .

s*s' 2.3 *,p' . . . . . . . . CONF IDENCE INT ERV AL

PREDICTED TREND LINE

X OBSERVED V ALUE 2 . 2- i . i i i i

. i i

77 78 70 ea 81 82 83 YEAR Figure 3.13 River larval fish trend analysis for total fish. 1977 1983.

3 larvae /1000m 1.7a-x ,.',/

El E!

t.66 N g%.'

/p.,

E N_ ._.~.

E i ee-*

1. >

O a

g S'

g 1 1.55-'

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x l p

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x S .

I .

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. . . . . . . CONF ID ENCE INT ERV AL

- ,j'",,,*' PREDICTED TPEND LINE X OBSERVED VALUE i.35- i e i i i e i i i 77 78 79 60 81 e2 83 YEAR Fig ire 3.14 River larval fish trend analysis for spot, 1977-1983.

3-te n_,

I E

3 larvae /1000m I 2.25f

*'/

I 2.00:

i i *

,./..* x

,a**'

o j X,/

G : x t

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I. S I

T Y :

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,**,,*** .. ..... CONFIDENCE INTERVAL PREDICTED TREND LINE 1.00 x OssERVED VALUE 77 7s 70 88 81 82 8.?

YEAR Figure 3.15 River larval fish trend analysis for Atlantic croaker, 1977-1983.

larvas /1000m3 I i

. 1.25-s..'\ 'Na

-l i 3

~

t.eej

'I L O

G 2

b 9 B 75h s

i E :

3 D :

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's ,N I O.25' i

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X OBSERVED VALUE B.00-1 e i i i e i e i 77 78 79 Se et 82 83 YEAR l Figure 3.16 River larval fish trend analysis for flounder, 1977-1983.

3-50

I 3

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. x ,,, ,

O.5-

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O G.4- '

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O.1. . . . . . . . . CON F ID ENCE INTERV AL l

,,,*p,.',#, PREDICTED TREND LINE

- X OBSERV ED V ALUE e.e- . i i i i i i i a 77 78 79 82 81 82 BS YEAR Figure 3.17 River larval fish trend analysis for mullet, 1977-1983, 3

larvae /1000m 1.5-= *,,

'N ,,,,

1. k \'ss' ,,'

g,3" A _.'*T,,, g L

0 1.2-G :

1 : X x

0 t.1-

^

D :

E t.e-H :

S : . ...... CONFlOENCE INTERV AL I a.9, PREDICTED TREND LINE I

X OBSERuED VALUE Y

l

~~~~~~%

e.ei .

. /*,,,,, N s ~.,,'

x 0.7-7**,/ N,%

a.e . . . . . i e i i 77 78 79 80 81 e2 63 YEAR Figure 3.18 River larval fish trend analysis for Atlantic menhaden. 1977-1983.

I 3-51

3 larvae /1000m L l.253

y..*,,,*

i ,*'"

'/ ,/,

I L O

G

1. 6.d;.

3 . .

--"*~.""',

/',,,'

I 1

O x

8. 7 Ei.

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0.50 I 1 : / * .

7 Y

I O.25-5 X

/,,* *'

...... . CONilDE NCE INTERV AL

*#',**,,, PREDICTED TREND LINE I g gg j X OBSERVED VALUC

, , . . . . . . i 77 78 79 80 81 8'2 83 YEAR Figure 3,19 River larval fish trend analysis for brown shrimp, 1977-1983, 3

i tarvae/10CJm

' **i, ,p**

t /

i. * ..

1.7E E ,**'"

L ; - - - _ _ - - "

O ~

Q I X X

1 a

1.50 3 - #./

D x E : / p",,,-.--_,

H 1.25 x e, S : p I :-

T y : ,/ ' ,*"'

1. 02-;

/ ,,<* ........ CONFIDENCE INTERV AL PREDICTED TREND LINE j X OBSERVED VALUE

, , . 1 s , e u .

77 78 7a se at 82 83 YEAR Figure 3.20 River larval fish trem! artalysis for pink and ivhlte shrimp. 1977-1983. j 3-52

I larvae /1000m 3

I g ........ CONFIDENCE INTERV AL N P9EDICTED TREND L

. X OBSERVED V ALVE 3.0- N.'s .

N N L :

N *%

O 2.7; G . x % ' % .., _ _

l -

O 2.4-'

D X E ; - ~ ~%'

N .

S 2.1; X I

T s%,N Y

t.8-

\ .' ., ,

I* =

r-- i a

, , i i 77 78 79 80 81 L.' S-YEAR Figure 3.21 River larvst fish trend analysis for anchovies, 1977-1983, larvn/1000ni 3 3

........ CONFID ENCE INTERV AL g , e ".' 'N, h , PREDICTED TREND LINE E

j X OBSERVED VALUE

.: N,~.% -g s ** s.

R

94 5 L

0 j X G : x t e.e 3*

e N X 0 A E x N e.7 :3 x

3 3 .

, , - " ~~- ~ ~ ,, xx ,

e . eb.

3

E e.si 5

. . . i i 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 YEAR Figure 3.22 River larval fish trend analysia for seatrout, 1977-1983, 3-53 g

I I

3 larsae/1000m I \.5i

, ,,a

/

I L O

G t.2

f ,**.

.* g , **x 1 .

x I

0 O.5-

/,#p ***',, / ,,.

O : X ,/',s g

I n S

I T 0.0-'

I Y

,! ,.=',/ ,.' / ,e ,s's.. ........ CONFIDENCE INTERVAL I

~*~

PREDICTED TREND LINE

{ X OBSERVED VALUE 77 78 79 88 61 82 83 I

YEAR Figure 3.23 River larval fish trend analysis for Gobionellus spp.,1977-1983.

3 larvae /1000m 2.50-

........ CONFIDENCE INTERVAL I 2.265

s's ,- x PREDICTED TREND LINE obs[RVED VALUE t 2eei s., x

~ ~~

0 x, . .._.

I D E t.Ea-l x x

S g~.N i 1 T

y 1.25 .

N's,%

,N ,'s I 1 BO-"

S, e.7s2 .

I 77 78 i

70 60 YEAR 61 02 83

. i l

Figure 3.24 River larval fish trend analysis for Gobiosoma spp.1977-1983.

3-54

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Q~'~%,,K--

--+---..... -&,___'

a B

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i i i i 7 i 01 03 05 07 09 11 DEPTH g LEGEND:RNDPER : : ' MAR 3-4, DAY K-X-M MAR 19-20, DAY g B + B MAR 3-4, NIGHT + + + MAR 19-20, NIGHT B I

Figure 3.25 Discrete depth sampling temperature profile at Station 25 in the Cape Fear River,1983.

3-55 l.

I I

I 25.

I : /

/

I :

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I 5-I I I I I I l 01 83 05 07 09 11 g DEPTH LE6DO: RNDPER : EMAR3-4, DAY H -X MAR 19-20, DAY I 0 + B MAR 3-4, NIGHT 4 + + NAR 19-20, NIGHT l Figure 3.26 Discrete depth sampling salinity profile at St: tion 25 in the Cape Fear River,1983.

I '-"

I 3

tarvae/1000m 1,50-

/

l l

l

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/

M 1.25- ','- /

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/

l [/ / m 8.00 E I I i i I I g

01 03 05 07 09 11 DEPTH I

LEGEND:RNDPER ': 1 MAR 3-4, DAY -X-H MAR 19-20, DAY C 1 0 MAR 3-4, NIGHT + + + MAR 19-20, NIGHT I

Figure 3.27 Discrete depth mean log 10b ay anchovy density by depth for each round and photoperiod,1983.

I 3-37 I_

M M M M M M -m M M M M MM 4 M MM M M H.S. -- J _ _

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120 130 140 150 163 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 SAMPLENO LEGENO DEPTH Of K-M-M 03 0-0-0 05

+ - < > - + 07 A --s -er 09 +-+-+ 1 1 Figure 3.28 Discrete depth sampling density profile for croaker,1983. (sheet I of 3).

T e

g I

HIGH

- I e m e-LOW -

y 4 TEg} n{AQ q ;[g .f y

.a l

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280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 300 240 250 200 270 SAMPLEHO

' " - OI K-H-M 03 G-0-0 05 LEGEND: DEPTH e~6-* 09 + - + - , 1I

+ -o - + 07 Figure 3.28 Discrete depth sampling density profile for eroaker,1983. (sheet 2 of 3).

f M MM M M M M M M M M M M M M M W M M

I -

t I i.,..n wom 3 I t

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89 11 I

DEPTH l LEGEND: REPER : ': MAR 3-4, DAY e+sMAR3-4, NIGHT K- H MAR 19-20, DAY 4++ MAR 19-20, NIGHT I

Figure 3.28 Discrete depth sampling density profile for Atlantic cronker,1983 (Sheet 3 of 3).

g. 3-eo

L l 1 I

3 tarvae/1000m 2.0.

,Y'~~ ~ y,_ 3 l,

- /

" : /

t . /

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03 05 07 09 11 I

01 DEPTH LEGEND: RNDPER :' MAR 3-4, DAY H -X MAR 19-20, DAY e-e-B HAR 3-4, NIGHT 4 + + MAR 19-20, NIGHT l

Figure 3.29 Discrete depth mean loggo Counder density bv depth for each round and photoperiod,1983.

l 1

3-61 gI

I wv..nomm 3

-l' 2.0-l

/

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f j /

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' LE8END:RNDPER : : : MAR 3-4, DAY M- H MAR 19-20, DAY

.l e + e MAR 3-4, NIGHT 4 + + MAR 19-20, NIGHT I

. Figure 3.30 Discrete depth mean logj o Atlantic menhaden density by depth for each round and photoperiod,1983.

I 3.e

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4 I

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l 01 83 05 07 BS 11 l

WW LEGEND: RNDPER : : : FM 3-4, DAY K-X-X MAR 19-20, DAY e-a-s PM 3-4, NIGHT + + + MAR 19-20, NIGHT g Figure 3.31 Discrete depth mean log 10 mullet density by depth for each round and photoperiod,1983.

I 3-63 g

l I

'I I larvae /1000m U

I i I H 2.0-I E A

i N

l L t.s:

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7 i i' i i i I- 01 03 05 07 09 11 l DEPTH

l MAR 3-4, DAY M-H HAR 19-20, DAY g LEGEND:RNDPER e + B MAR 3-4, NIGFfi + + + MAR 19-23, NIGHT I Figure 3.32 Discrete depth mean log 10 pinfish density by depth for each round and photoperiod,1983.

l 3-64

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I 3 larvse/1000m 4-l : x

                                                                                            /
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 .l       LEGEND:RNDPER               +: : MAR 3-4, DAY e-e-s MAR 3-4, NIGHT K- H MAR 19-20, DAY
                                                                                + + + MAR 19-20, NIGHT Figure 3.34 Discrete depth mean logio total organisms density by depth for each round and photoperiod,1983.

l 3-68

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                                                                         \
                                                                                                )

0 . / \

                           /                                                \
                          /                                                   kN                l g's 0          -

[ ! E 2.25- < s'+ l\ N l S : /

I .

E: T 2.00- / Bl y J l.75-i i i i i i g H0 N L0 LI HI E l TIDE ! LEGEND: PERIOD : : :D B-EH3 N g Figure 3.35 Discrete depth mean log 10 Atlantic croaker density by tide for each photoperiod,1983. 3-69 l

I I I i.nunocom 3 2.3-I : l g 2.2 E I A 2.12 N : I L 2.01 0 : I

                                                               ,              - +s G       :                                         ,'                           N I    1.9-                                ' ,,# '                                 \

l 0 . y-

                                                                                         \
                                                                                          \

1.8# \

 !    D E       :                  /
                                       /
                                                                                               \

4 N : / l S I 1.7-

                           /
                             /
                               /

I T Y 1.6-

l 4 l.5-1 I I I I I H0 H0 L0 LI MI HI

-l                                                        TIDE g                                     LEGEND: PERIOD       +-4-+D       s-s-e N Figure 3.36       Discrete depth mean log 10S Pot density by tide for each photoperiod,1983.

g 3-20

v I tarvae/1000m 3 5.0- DAY M 4.5- E E -

                                                                                                                                                                                          *~~~--                                         3 A     4.0-                                                                           , ,                          %
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ~~
                                                                                                                                                                                                 ---      ~~

P . 0 I' ~- ~# ~ f 2.5-N l

                                                                                           ,     2.oi                             ,
                                                                                                                                              , ,^ x    N E      1.5-                                                                                         's
                                                                                                                ,/                                                       ,***                            \ya.-                    ^

1.0_ T 0.5-< y . O.0- i . i i i i Ho NO LO LI MI HI TIDE LEGEND DEPTH 4 at N-M-* 83 e-e-o 05

                                                                                                                                                              + -+ + 0 7                 4-*-*         BG       ** 11 larvae /1000m 3 5.0-                                                                         NIGHT H    4.5-                                                                                                                                   g C             -

A N 4.B-

                                                                                                                                                            'p-~~~,,,,,-----~~*%

s ' ,,,,, A ~ ~ ,'".,~ W ~~' ~ f W ' g g 1 "s l g 3.e g- g _~ , g ~j~~~ + ,', / ~ t

O 2.5-2.0-

                                                                                                             -f' D             -

E 1.5-N - $ S 1.0- E , T - l T 3.5-Y - 0.0-t i i i i i i l HQ NO LO LI MI HI i l TIDE LEGEND: DEFTH ' 01 K-M-M 03 e-e-o 05

                                                                                                                                                                    + -+- + 0 7               *-4

83 * - - + -
11 f Figure 3.37 Discrete depth mean 1o310 Atlantic croaker density by tide for each photoperiod and depth,1983.

3-71

I I farvae/1000m 3 I*8- DAY H 4.5-E - I A H L 4,0-3.5-O 3.0-I G l

                                  ~         ~~~
                                                ~ ~5h ~^T"
                                                                    -+
                                                                                             ~
                                  ~ , ,--:-

s I e - E y 1.5-

f , -

                                                                        .N       N               ----

g,3; , e I4 0.si

I O.0-

</

a e i i i i I Ho NO LO LI MI HI TIDE LEGEND DEPTH Of w-x-.4 03 9--o-o 05

                                                    + -+- + 0 7        4-4-4 03        * -+ 4 it I

I larvae /1000m 3 5.0- NIGHT H 4.5-E - A 4.0-N - 3.5-L -

         .O    3.0-

~~Z3w4 i :-ll~ / -

                                                   , ' ' ' '                 '   '%     $------e N           -* ~ ~ ~ ~

S 1.0-I . T 0.5-Y - 0.0-e i e i , i

   .I               Ho                 NO              LO T.9E LI             MI              HI I                         LEGENDe DEPTH
                                                     + -+- + 0 7 01      K-M-M 83 4-4 -6 09 e-e-o 05
                                                                                        *--+-* 1 1 I         Figure 3.38       Discrete depth mean logtos pot density by tide for each photoperiod and depth,1983.

3-72

I I im..nocom 3 g 3.5-a

         .                                                                                                            3 I

H 3.h x/ y' E ', g A . i

N 2.s-

                                                 /                                                                    I L

l 0 B f

                                               /                                                                      I
                                             /

1 2.0-0

l I D

             .                          /

I l E 1.5- -

n i n

              -                      /

0 .

1.h ~

                              /
                                /                                                                                      l Y

l

               '.        ,/
                .      /

0.5-5 i i i i 07 i 09 il i l 01 03 05 DEPTH LEGEND: PERIOD H D B+BN Figure 3.39 Discrete depth mean log 10 Atlantic roaker density by depth for each photoperiod,1983. I 3-73 g

I

;I I           Iaryae/1000m' I             2.s.!  a
                                                                                                    ,/

l l

                                                                                                  /
                                                                                    %' <,/ /
.I             "
               !28
                          !                              4 ' ' ',<b LI             N          :

7/ /

                                                                           'Nw iI              L 0
                          -                          i
                                                       /

g I i i s' ' /

               @                               /

l D

/

.                         :                 /

l E

N

/

f S 1.0- / l I I [

i l Y y 3 E 0,5-i l i i e I l 01 03 05 07 89 11 DEPTH g LEGEND: PERIOD +44 D H -a N Figure 3,40 Cherete depth mean log 30 spot dernity ' iepth for each photoperiod,1983. l a-u

r-I I 1983 3 0 = NIGHT larvae /1000m 10000-l

                                       '                                  8         8 1000-                                                    398                                       9 3

f I sh I' x1 x x' x X k~ x x 100 - E x XX

                                            /*            X        'X I H                   fK                  X                          Y
                   'd y X

xg# s I X X E

      ,9     _

t N D0 I 187s-1982 E 1000 - 88%[ X o g Y 100 - x aB 8 gx xX Sh% g IB g/x s I 0 i...i...i...i...i...i...i...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,i,,,, g SEP OCT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG I nu Figuie 3.41 Entrainment day / night mean density for total fish, 1983 vs.1975-1982 average. I 3-75 g

I , I tarvse/1000m 3 I 10000- 1983 0

NIGHT X = DAY t0 -

51e - , h4 H o knN

g. - ... ... e ,,, ,,,,,

e .... s teen - eA iY 100 - 7xx,Xi

I te - /* *1 d 1 0

                  *E******S****?" ",                 ,          ,                          ,       i 7*.tN*&**M*,7
                  $EP OCT OCT HOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG WEEX Figure 3.42 Entrainment day / night mean density for spot,1983 vs.1975-1982 average, I       tarvae/1000m 3 ggggg_                                            1983                                                     0 = NIGHT I         1000 -                                      #

X

DAY

b 100

                                                * [ '/*

E

                                           ,gg r x       ,                                " x'       *'M      i I     A te        -
                                       %                                                                       \

H l \l g pa E

                           .$           \d                1975-1982 hxw*-u,5ve*m I     N S 1000 -

Z Y 100 - - 3 ,

             ,e       _    ,%       .h x*%N                                                     N ~x' \

s I I K 8 ' i i i i . . i i i- i N*****7 SEP CCT OCT NOV DEC JAN FE'l MAR APR MAY JUN VUL AUG WEEX Figure 3.43 Entrainment day / night mean density for Auntic croaker, 1983 vs.1975-1982 average. 3-76

I 3 i tarvee/1000m 1983 0 NIGHT 10000 X = 0 AY 1000 - 100 - E

 'C 1.                 .    .z_4 _ w & _.... 1975-1982
                                                                                                                .      i h

8 1000 - I ' T Y 100 5 to - Ys YygX t t e t*aa~ ;ss! * @ , ["I"**,.,_,,*534?**t+A*4 SEP OCT 00T HOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG WEEX Flyure 3.44 Entrainment day /ntght mean density for flounder,1983 vs.1975-1982 average. tarvee/1000m 3 i 1933 10000- O

NIGHT X
DAY W

1000 - 100 - E' M N g E x -af A 10 - #X I

        .       .       ... .x. a0D _ h 40..aiu..

h 1975-1902 s 1000 - E I g T Y 100 - 10 - 1 5 A t ,

a f**3F af2*** , , , ,

SEP OCT CCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG

                                                                            **d****r***?L:44                             l WEEK Figure 3.45 Entralnment day /nigh' mean density for mullet,1983 vs.1975-1982 average.

I a.,, n.

I lervee/1000m3 3933 10000- D = NIGHT X

DAY 1000 -

tca - M 4 I1e K 8M* I De - e****nme = N.,-. . h. _/*,

_ _ _ .m: / "'l \x ' 'd.mnen.

  ,$                                           '975-1982 I  s tee 0 -

Z T Y 100 - te -

w" 6-g .

            ---ee                    m                    .

SEP OCT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG

                                                                  .        .      .      nwm WEEX Figure 3.46 Entrainment day / night mean density for Atlantic menhaden, 1983 vs.1975-1982 average.

I ,.,... _ , ,,,, , _ , 10000" X DAY 1000 - f toe - T l ' H \ 10 - % * );MK t MMX*x 4 N \ \ t t n x, i \

   ,,                                         w         .               J               y \ x,'

I h S 1000 - 1975-1D82 g I . .

                                 'sa .    .      .

s . SEP OCT OCT NCY DEC JAN TES MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG WEEK Figure 3.47 Entrainment day / night mean density for shrimp.1983 vs.1975-1982 aserage. I 3-7a

l I l larvee/1000m 3 1983 0 + NioHT 10000- X " DAY "N 4 A 1000 - F s -

      ,00                               ,                                                                                                                    g D0 9 4'"y ,6 /v" x( rg,( fM E                                          1975-1982 s 1000 -                                                                                         M                                          NM I                                                                                                                                                   C Y 100        - b7                                                                                                                                           -

to - F 0 -

Md" -

                           .     .  - i    i     .     . i   .                    .                                      i                   i      i i

SEP OCT CCT 140V DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JJL AUG WEEK Figure 3.48 Entralnment day / night mean density for anchosies,1963 vs.1975-1982 average. 3 larvae /1000m 10000W D = NIGHT X +0AY 1000 - 100 - H E A 10 - X*g fgk x X o0 - 64=. . .. ... . 1975-1982 Y 'd \ I h s 1000 - I T Y 120 - 10 - eMgt ku O , ,

                                   ***$yJ!Latye_*t**,te4*gte y***.B                                ,                                    ,          ,       ,

SEP OCT OCT NCV DEC 4AN FES MAR APR MAY VUN VUL AUG WEEK Figure 3.49 Entrainment day / night mean density for sentrout,1983 vs.1975-1982 average. I 3-79 E_

I I larvae /1000m3 1983 0 =N10HT 10000- X DAY 1000 - 100 - M kg N k ( 1,X kM x % E I N 8 1000 - I T 1975-1982 Y 100 - to - **"a "" ** g xV,Mx x* x Mdx xxx*x xxw x

                                          ,     . M.      ,      . r.    .      .       .     .

SEP CCT 00T NOV DEC JAN FEB NAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG I WEEK Figure 3,50 Entrainment day / night mean density for Goblonellus spp., 1983 vs.1975-1982 average, I larvae /1000m3 1983 0

NIGHT 10000- X
0AY 1000 - K 100 -

E kx I A 10 - g, H ix D0 -- bwW **** b ** ***** u m W *HH -- I h S 1000 - IY 100 1975--1982 N

                                                                                ! hEh*ka I
                 ~   %

k"x 30 - x l 0 h[*%**.****.****...y. SEP OCT OCT NCY DEC JAN FES MAR APR MAY VUN JUL AUG

 !                                                        WEEK Figure 3.51 Entrainment day / night mean density for Gobiosoma spp.,

1983 vs.1975-1982 average. 3-80

I

l 3

l larvae /1000m 2.8. ,,**,*,,'

                 -                                                                             *'s's, x 2.7.                                                                  x s s t

6

s. ***,,/ s ' *,, "

e ,,,,,, # ,g t 2.o. x ,,. E O :

                                  < * * , p *'                   ,**,,..
                                                                         '                                                                                                              3
                                                            ~", ,x D       2.5-C H
                   .              y             .*'s***-

s 1 2.4-'

                                   , ,,* 's ,.

T . . . . . . . . CON F ID E NCE INT t RV AL

                    ;                                                                                    PRE DICTE D TRE ND LINE                                                        E x           oesERvtD VALVE                                                                 W 2.5, 2.2-                  .         .        .          .                                   i           i               i                                      i
                      .                                                    i        i 75         70     77         78         70       80             81           82                83 YEAR P.gure 3.52 Entrainment linear trend analysis for total fish. September 1974 to August 1983.

3 larvae /1000m 2.5-

                                                                                                                               /,p 2.2,                                                                                            f .

x 2.1=

                        .                                                                     v,*,,                                                                                  s=

L

                                                                                   ', v"'                                                                                                E 0               :                                                              x s     2.e-1 O                                             ,,,, #
                                                                 #                                         ,,..s****.~.

D l A,,.,,

                                              ~~~~

g f .**' E : N s 1.8-

f *,,*' ,, '

I : T Y l,7-

                                                                                         . . . . . . . . CONF IDE NCE INT E RV AL
                                                ,*,,*'                                                   PREDICT ED TRENDLINE 1.6-
                                        ,,,,g X                                               X          OBSERVED VALUE 1.5-         i         i        -i        .         .         i           i              i           i                  i                                 i 75        70       77         78        79       80               81          82              83 YEA't Figure 3.53 Entralnment linear trend analysis for spot, September 1974 to August 1983, 1

3-81 g

1 I I l i I larvae /1000m 3

2. 50-) .

l I I l ,

                                                                                                             ,o***,

e.es: *,, i L *,,e**,, x I g K ! o : # ' G g g , gg.b ~ ~ * . . . . . . 0 ) I O ! E x N 1.7G:: M S :

                                                         .*,,,,,*** p .*****,

I Z T y l.60-J

3

                                           " * , .x . ' ' . , , ' .

g

                                                                                   .......       CONF IDE NCE INT E RVAL I             I.254 .

3 X PR E DICT E D T R E ND LIN E OBSERVED VALUE

                                 .           .        .       .       >                     i           i           i         i 7s          7e       77      7s      70        en          et          e2         as YEAR Figure 3.54 Entrainment linear trend analysis for Atlantle croaker, September 1974 to August 1983.

larvae 'h"KOm3 I 1. 4 . x

                                                                                                    ,o*',
                        ~
                                                                                        'p*',,

I L

                   !.3-~
                                "'"~~~~~.....#***'.,#
                                                                              # s,,,e

I G 1

O 1 I 2-- X X X x E :

                                                                   ,,,,, .**--~ ~**--* ~ ....... ,

1 : x .- T 1.1- x X

 ~I        Y

{ ,,,**'*,**"". ........ CONF IDJNCE INT ERVAL

                                         'g '                                                    PREDICTED TREN0LINE
                                 ,,,                                              X          OBSERVED VALUE I-              l'O~,        ,           ,        ,       ,       ,         i          i            i          i          i 75          70       7       78      79        80         61           82         83 4 EAR Figure 3.55 Entrainment linear trend analysis for flounder, September 1974 to August 1983.

I 3-82

1 Iunet1000m 3 ,

1. Ud. 1 f

,,* \

1.4f

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     , '[,                                              l 3

L 0 - ,vM',, g : # f I 0 1.3; 2

                                                                                                                                                                                    . 6 " ' ,                                                                            j l

j , _ ,,... p f

.-+**"*"**

E N l.Ei l, ' 8 : x '~,, ..*** ,,,,. . x ' W! y -x' x ,,,... ! i, l Y : x ,*',,- ) l.la 3 j e'*,,

                                                                               //                                                                                                                    * * * ' * "

CON F ID ENCE INT E RVAL P Af DICT E D T AI ND LINE l

f X OB$tRytovAtug g , g;r- , , ' ' s s : , y- , 75 76 77 78 70 80 81 82 83 j YEAR Figure 3.56 Entrainment linear trend analysis for muUet, September 1974 to August 1983, lune /1000m3 ........ couriotNc6 INT F RVAL g .1*.* petocED "*

                                        ;                                                                                                                                                                 5          optevED{,.g g.6 0,                                                                                                                                                                         * */ ,<'w t.

O

                                                            '~~ .. x *' '~ ~                                                                                              ~        -**",,<**',,
                                                                                                                                                                                                        / ,,x d

S \'Uk t , 0 3 A x f, : g i.p - S

                                        ;                   x I                       ~

x i T g.35 / ,a"'",,,, e

x

                                                                                                                                                                                                           ~~~....... .,, ..
                                        %                                                                                                                                                          x                                    .

g .21 ,e <.. ','f 1, i , i i < , , i ' i 75 76 77 78 70 60 et 62 83 YEAR Figure 3.57 Entrainment linear trend analysis for Athntle menhaden. September 1974 to August 1983. 3-83

l

I i

I 'I 3 I lanae /1000m

                                                                                                    ........ coNr DENCE INTERVAL I*Ud                                                                                              -   Mt DICT E D T H E NDLIN E

{ ' %. . x OtttRVED W LUE t.8: ' y .. h %.., t.71 ' . ..,~ ~...... x l . i . e.: o

1. 6 2, x

I 0 E N U 1.4-

                                ."****~...--~*****"*"**---...,'N%,**.

V X I : I T y t.3-t.2;

                  ;                                            x                                              .."s,'N..
                                                                                                                          ,N'.

I 1.12 7G 70 77 70 70 ( 00 i el 62 i

03 T YtAR Figure 3.58 Entrainment linear trend analysts for brown shrimp. September 1974 to August 1963. I larvie/1000m 3 R . GO.] ' .....

M t orfy g'{*'NT ENDLINt tRva t

, 00stnygo y#'UE 2.2cd ...-

E ! " h a

                                                    ~..,                                              y
                                                                                                            . ~~
                                                            '*** 4 - .. g ..

x l 2.ca) ; g

5 fN f . 7s'4 ~

                                                  ~
                                                                  ~

x t s : M Z g T : .. ...-.......,~-....*~~.,,,~..~~.. ' Y

 'i           1.CO)                             .. ~*,, ,..

I l . 25.: x i 3 i . I 5 a i I 75 70 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 I YEAR Figure 3.59 Entralrunent linear trend analysis for pink and w hite shrimp. September 1974 to August 1983 3-84

                                                                                                                              ........      CONF ID ENCE INTERVAL I

3 PRE DICT f D TR E NDLINE larvn/10r)0rn X OBSERVED VALUE g ,7.; 2.0; %.% , g

                                                                                              ** % K
                                                                                                      '~"~~......-..**********,pe#',,,

L K O 9 2.5f. t : 0 2.4- K u D : C 2.3- X E H S g f ' x *,, p .g - * ~ ----* % ....,,*** .. ~'*' Y : 2.1 y / '. , N. 2.02 i , i i i i i i i i i 75 76 77 78 70 80 88 82 63 YEAR Figure 3,60 Entralnment linent trend analysh for anchovies. September 1974 to August 1983. larvae /1000m 3 I 1.7- ........ coivr DENC* INTERVAL cREDICT ED TRE ND LINF l W

                                                                           }                 g l.8-                                                          X        OB SE RVE D V A t.UE L           3 N. ,*N                                                                            S 0 t.5;                                                                                                      E s

t

                                                                                                  .,%.N 0 1.4; 4
                                                                                                             .%..        ~ . ~ . . - .          ..........-

O E 1. 3-) x x N : x

1. 2-

                                                                                       **~~~~~~~~
                                                                                                                 *..~..X
                                                                                                                                                            -]

1 Y : 1.1- .. . *% . 'N g

                                                                                                                                                 .,,N,, '                g

1. 0- . .

i . . i i i i i 75 70 77 78 79 OO 81 82 83 YEAR Figure 3.61 Entrainment unear trend analysis for seatrout, September 1974 to August 1983. I 3-85 I I G

l I I I larvse/1000m 3 i .1 < I 1.Si

                                                                                    'g.*

X l b, 0 I i x x I t.2- g D . E :

N -
p . ---**----****--**--

S X

                                                              # f..      g I           I T

Y 1,1 ; l

                                                ,,,"#,,..                            ........      CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
                                        # ,.***                                        --- PREDICTED TRENDLINE I                  1.0" l
                                    ./

X OBSERVED VALUE

                                                                                                               .             .        i 7G        70         77     78        79        80          et             e2          83 YEAR Figure 3.62 Entrainment linear trend analysis for Goblonellus spp., September 1974 to August 1983.

Iatvee/1000m,* 2.76: ,.. t L. 0 2, G0k. i .. x

                                                                                                   k'                         E g              .                 . . . -

1 2.2543 0 x

4 X 4

D q x I "~~... . . . . ~ . . . E :' N 2.20; ' g . I : X T Y-

                                                       **f**,,-

1.76-j X

                                       /
                                             /*#                                      ........       CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
                                                                                              - PREDICTED TREN0LINE I                    1.50%}         ,           ,        ,         ,       ,          ,

X OBSERVED VALUE

                                                                                                     ,             ,            ,       1 75         78         77     78        70        80           81           82            83 YEAR Figure 3.63 - Entrainment linear trend analysis for Gobioaoma spp., September 1974 to August 1983.

3-86

I 4.0 HIGH luRSH 4.1 Introduction The marshes of the CFE provide nursery areas for many fish and shellfish. The populations of these fish and their distributions in these areas are being studied to determine if they are adversely affected by the amount of water being removed from the estuary for cooling the BSEP. In June 1980 CP&L began high-marsh sampling as a continuation of other studies on the marshes of the CFE (Weinstein 1979a; Hodson 1979). The objectives of this study were to determine the relative standing crops, seascnal and spatial distributions, and the influence of physical variables on the abundance of fish and shellfish in the CFE. The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries is also conducting similar studies throughout the state. These studies will allow comparison of the CFE to other estuaries in North Carolina when these data become available. 4.2 Methods 4.2.1 Station Description The study area consists of four tidal creek systems (Figure 1.2) g Baldhead and Walden Creeks are located near the plant site at the lower end of E the CFR, Mott's Creek Bay and Alligator Creek are located upriver near Wilmington. Detailed descriptions of the stations are presented in CP&L (1982). 4.2.2 Sampling Methods I The 1983 trawl, seine, and rotenone sampling gear; sampling methods; and laboratory procedures were identical to those used in previous years (CPAL 1982, 1983). I I 41 !

I . I 4.3 P,esults ari Discussion I 4.3.1 Catch by Gear Type I A totc1 of 138,667 fish representing 86 species and 88,785 invertebrates I representing 15 species was collected in all gear types during 1983. The total number of fish collected using all get.rs was higher than the 124,555 I collected in 1982. The number of invertebrates collected was also higher than the 45,344 collected in 1982 (CP&L 1983). These increased totals were due mainly to the larger seine catches in 1983. The CPUEs discussed in this section are combined averages of all creeks. g The 1983 trawl samples (357 efforts) yielded 79,249 fish which resulted in a l CPUE of 222 as compared to the 1982 CPUE of 238 (Table 4.1). As in 1982 the I most abundant fish collected using the trawl was spot, making up 64.6 percent of the total finfish catch. Spot was followed in abundance by menhaden (11.7 percent), bay anchovy (8.1 percent), croaker (3.5 percent), and striped mullet (3.1 percent) . The trawl samples yielded an annual catch of 62,022 inverte-brates resulting i<. a CPUC of 174 which is much higher than the 1982 annual CPUE of 90. The most abundant invertebrate collected with the trawl in 1983, as well as in 1982, was grass shrimp. Grass shrimp c;mprised 79.1 percent o' the total invertebrate catch and was followed in abundance by brown shrimp (9.1 percent), blue crabs (5.6 percent), pink shrimp (2.2 percent), and white shrimp (1.9 percent). I The 85 seine samples collected in 1983 yielded 37,224 fish for a CPUE of 438 as compared to the 1982 CPUE of 252. As in 1982, menhaden was the most abundant fish collected comprising 48.1 percent of the total fish catch. Menhaden was followed in abundance by spot (24.2 percent), white mullet (7.2 percent), 'nummichcg (6.0 pcecent), and striped mullet (5.9 percent). A total of 26,763 invertebrates was collected with the seine in 1983 resulting in a COVE of 315 which was much greater than the 1982 CPUE of 157. Grass shrimp made up 93.5 percent of the total invertebrate catch and was followed in abundance by brown shrimp (3.1 percent), blue crab (1.7 percent), pink shrimp (0.6 percent), and white shrimp (0.6 percent). I I 4-2 _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

I lF4-M 1A I A total of 22,194 fish was collected in the five rotonone samples. The dominant species in the rotenone samples were spot (62.9 percent), striped mullet (14.9 percent), menhaden (10.3 percent), and mummichog (3.1 percent). Invertebrates are not effectively collected with rotenone 50 they were not g included in the totals. W 4.3.2 Seasonal Distribution Two gear types were used to more effectively sample the different habitat types in the study areas. Discussions of variables af fecting the organisms in this study are based on data gathered by the gear types considered the most effective for each species. The species analyzed by each gear type are as follows: Trawl seine Menhaden Munnichog Bay anchovy Atlantic silverside Spot Striped mullet Croaker White mullet Flounder Brown shrimp Pink shrimp 3 White shrimp E Blue crab I Striped killif t:,h, inland silverside, rough silverside, spotted seatrout, weakfish, and lesser blue' crab were collected in very low numbers; therefore, analyses of these species were not included in this report. The number and percent collected of each of these spec'es by gear t.ype are presented in Table 4.1. Total Organisms The peak monthly trawl CPUE for total organisms occurred in April at a value of 1096 (consisting mainly of spot and grass shrimp). May and February cdtChes Were also relatively high with CPUEs of 937 and 847, respectively 4-3

2 L (rigure 4.1). The 1982 monthly CPUE also peaked in April but at a value of 710. F The nighest monthly seine CPUE for total organisms also occurred in April l at a value of 2295. April was followed in abundance by June and May with respective CPUEs of 1876 and 1422. These seine catches were dominated by grass shrimp, spot, and menhaden (Figure 4.2). The 1982 monthly catches also peaked in April at a CPUE of 939. I Menhaden Menhaden was the second most abundant fish collected wi th trawl s in 1983. The annual 1983 CPUE of 26 was slightly lower than the 1982 CPUE of

!  30. The highest CPUEs for Baldhead Creek occurred in the two April trips and the May trip with values of 100, 110, and 118, respectively. The highou CTVEs for Walden Creek occurred in the first trip of April and May with CPUEs of 151 and 177, respectively. Mott's Bay had the peak catch occurring in the two April trips with CPUEs of 73 and 46. The peak catch in Alligator Creek occurred in the second trip of April and the first trip of June with CPUES of 11 and 22, respectively (Figure 4.3).

Menhaden first appeared in the high-marsh samples in very low numbers in January at a size of about 25 m. Substantial recruitment actually began in February at a modal length of approximately 30 nn. The number of menhaden collected peaked in May at the same modal length. During this period, their size ranged from about 40 to 75 m with the greatest number occurring at a length of approximately 50 m (Figure 4.4). Bay Anchovy, Bay anchovy was the third most abundant species collected with trawls - 1983. The annual CPUE of 18 was lower than the 1982 CPUE of 42. Bay anchovy first appeared in the high-marsh samples from Walden Creek in January at a CPUE of 45. Another peak was nbserved in April at a CPUE of 55. The nJobers collected were relatively low throughout the rest of the year ex apt lete August (CPUE of 101) and December (CPUE of 110). Baldhead i ec had 4-4

I relatively small monthly CPUEs of bay anchovies. The greatest number of bay anchovie.< was collected in early August at a CPUE of 22. Bay anchovies did not appear in substantial numbers in the Hott's Bay samples until June when a CPUE of 140 was obtained. The peak abundance for Alligater Creek occurred in July at a CPUE of 159 (Figure 4.5). Recruitment of bay anchovy appeared to begin in June with a small per-centage of the catch measuring approximately 15 m with a mode of 20 m. Their size increased to approximately 35 m in November then decreased slightly in December to a length of about 30 m (Figure 4.6). Mumichog Mummichog was ranked second in abundance of the fish considered to be effectively collected by seines. The annual 1983 CPUE was 26 which was lower than the 1982 catch of 45. Mumichogs appeared in Baldhead and Walden Creek samples in substantial numbers in March and April. The CPUE in Baldhead Creek fluctuated throughout the spring and early sumer end peaked in July at a value of 49. After this time the catches decreased to relatively low numbers l for the remainder of the year. The monthly catches in Walden Cretk also flwtuated throughout the spring and early sumer. The highest catch (CPUE of 377) in Walden Creek occurred one month later (August) than in Baldhead g Creek. Af ter this peak, the numbers decreased and remained low for the E remainder of the sampling year. Mott's Bay samples had very low numbers of mu sichogs throughout the entire sampling year (Figure 4.7). The 1983 year class of mumichog appeared in substantial numbers in July at a modal length of about 25 m. These individuals became indistinguishable from the previous year class in August. The modal length for the total population was about 40 to 50 m in August (Figure 4.8). Atlantic Silverside Atlantic silverside was the fourth most abundant specias of those effec-tively collected with the seine. The annual CPUE ir, all creeks was 14 as compared to the 1982 CPUE of 16. Atlantic tilversides were first collected in 4-5 l

lI I Baldhead Creek in late January, while none were caught in Walden Creek until March with a CPUE of 35. Balchead Creek had two large peaks, one in July I (CPUE of 63) and another in December (CPUE of 140). Mott's Bay had only one relatively high CPUE (43) which occurred in September (Figure 4.9). Recruitment of Atlantic silverside began in June at lengths ci 30 to ' 35 m. Their size gradually increased to 65 m in December. This indicates a growth rate of about 30 m over the seven-month period (Figure 4.10). _ Spot I Spot was the most abundant species collected in the 1983 trawl samples as it was in the previous year. The annual CPUE in 1983 was 143 which was an increase of over 30 percer,t over the 1982 CPUE of 107. Both Baldhead and Walden Creek samples contained relatively small numbers of spot in January. The numbers collected increased in Baldhead Creek peaking in March with a CPUE of 553 af ter which they steadtly 'eclined until the end of the year. A large number was collected in Walden Creek in February (CPUE of 908) but decreased in March only to increase to its largest abundance of the year in early April (CPUE of 1649). Two months later the Mott's Bay CPUE reached a maximum CPUE of 82 until about two months af tet Walden Creek. Alligator Creek reached a peak in July at a CPUE of 27 (Figure 4.11). Spot recruitment began in January at a modal length of about 15 mm. The modal length of spot was slightly larger (20 m) during peak recruitment in April. As the fish became larger and the catches decreased, the modal length became more dif ficult to distinguish accurately. However, the modal length at the end of the sampling season was approximately 85 m. Spot grew approximately 70 m over the sampling year (Figure 4.12). I Croaker Croaker was the fourth ' ost abundant fish collected in the 1983 trawl samples. The annual CPUE of 8 was lower than the 1982 CPUE of 16. Ba'dhead Creek *;amples yielded very few croaker in 1983, but a small increase of the CPUE (4) occurred in early April. Croaker began appearing in samples from 4-6 . . _

Walden Creek in March and peaked in late April and early June at respective CPUEs of 56 and 46. Substantial numbers of croaker did not appear in the Mott's Bay samples until late April. Their number increased until late June peakirig at a CPUE of 135. Af ter June the number collected in Mott's Bay decreased until October and November when a small increase in CPUE occurred. The fall increase at Mott's Bay coincided with a large increase in CPUE at Alligator Creek (CPUE of 88). This was the second peak that occurred in Alligator Creek with the first being in May (CPUE of 33). This was about the same time the large spring increase at Mott's Bay began (Figure 4.13). The 1983 recruitment of young croaktr actually began about Hovember of E 1982 at a modal length of about 10 m (CP&L 1983). The 1982-1983 year class W remained in the marshes until about September when most of the croaker were 60 to 90 m. The 1983-1984 year class began appearing in the samples in October at a modal length of 10 m. The modal length increased to 15 m in November and December (Figure 4.14). Striped Mulle_t Striped mullet was the third most abundant species of those were g effectively collected with seines in 1983. The annual CPUE was much greater 5 in 1983 at in 1982 at values of 26 and 6, respectively. Striped mullet were first collected at Mott's Bay in January, then they decreased in numbers until g May. A peak CPUE of 19 was obtained in June. Substantial numbers were first collected in March in Baldhead and Walden Cr^aks. Baldhead Creek had relatively low peak CPUEs of 32 and 26 collected in late July and September, respectively. Walden Creek had a relatively high CPUE of 108 in early April and a very high CPUE of 474 in May. The catches gradually decreased until early October when another peak occurred (Figure 4.15). Striped mullet appeared in January samples at a modal length of about 20 mm. The modal length increased to 40 m at the peak of recruitment in May. Their length increased steadily to a mode of 75 m in 3ctober (Figure 4.16). I 4., s_

I I White Mullet I White mullet was the most abundant species of those collected ef fectively by seines in 1983. The annual CPUE of 31 was down slightly from the 1982 CPUE of 33. White mullet were not collected in 1983 until June when both Baldhead I and Walden Creeks reached the maxinum CPUEs at values of 255 and 323, re-spectively. The catches in Baldhead Creek decreased until September when another relatively large CPUE (208) occurred. The CPUEs for Walden Creek decreased throughout the remainder of the year. Mott's B6y had a maximum CPUE of 33 about two months af ter the peaks in Baldhead and Walden Creeks (Figure 4.17). Figure 4.18 shows that recruitment of white mullet began bi June at a modal length of about 30 m. This population increased in size rapidly to a modal length of about 75 m in September. Flounder The two species of Par &*chthys collected in the trawls were combined for data analysis. Flounder was the sixth most abundant fish group collected in trawls in 1983. The 1983 and 1982 annual CPt:Es were both 4. Flounder first appeared in Alligator Creek samples in January. They were collected in Walden Creek in late January and then at Mott's Bay in February. The CPUE of flounder in Alligator Creek increased to 63 in early April and then decreased to low numbers for the remainder of the year. The CPUE (13) in Walden Creek peaked in February. Mott's Bay had a maximum CPUE of 18 in March. I Creek had relatively low CPUEs cf 2 during the peak in February througn early Baldhead April (Figure 4.19). Substantial recruitment began in January at a modal length of about .l 15 mm. This mode remained about the same through the peak of recruitment (February through April) but increased to 25 m in June. The remainder of the sampling efforts produced very few 1983 year-class flounder (Figure 4.20). I I 4-8

r I Brown Shrimp Brown shrimp was the second most abundant invertebrate collected in the 1983 high-marsh trawl samples. The annual 1983 CPUE was 16 which was greater than the 1982 CPUE of 12. Brown shrimp were not collected from January through April. Small numbers appeared in the May samp'les collected in Baldhead and Walden Creeks. The peak CPUE (240) in Walden Creek occurred in g early June. The late June samples yielded the highest CPVE for Baldhead Creek and Mott's Bay (68 and 90, respectively). Alligator Creek samples contained very few brown shrimp (Figure 4.21). The smallest size shrimp identified to species was 21 m. Sone smaller shrimp were collected, but due to difficulty in accurately identifying them to species, these will not be included in this discussion. The length-frequency plot for June (Figure 4.22) approaches a normal distribution even though the size range of brown shrimp was fairly wide (21 to 115 m with a mode of about 55 to 60 m). The overall size of the recruits appears to be larger when compared to the recruits collected in 1981 and 1982 (CP&L 1983). This may be due to their late migration into the estuary caused by high freshwater flows and low salini ty . The modal length in August, just prior to the sharp g, decrease in numbers, was approximately 100 mm. m E Pink Shrimg g Pink shrimp was the fourth most abundant species of invertebrate col-1ected in the trawl. The 1983 and 1982 annual CPUEs were both 3. Small numbers of pink shrimp were collected in winter and spring samples, but sub-stantial catches were not observed until late July in Walden Creek and early August in Baldhead Creek. The CPUEs in these two creeks fluctuated with peaks occurring in early October (14), November (14), and December (111 in Walden Creek and December (15) in Baldhead Creek. Substantial CPUEs were not ob-served in Mott's Bay until August. The number collected at the peak in late October was relatively high at a CPUE of 95. Substantial CPUEs occurred later (September) in Alligator Creek and peaked in November at a value of 14 (Figure 4.23). I 4-9 l

lI 1 lI Recruitment began in June with very low numbers. The size of the recruits was about 20 to 40 m. The July recruitment was greater in numbers at a modal length of 20 m. The modal length increased to 35 m in the last l sampling trip in December (Figure 4.24). White Shrimp, White shrimp collected by trawls was ranked fif th in order of inverte-brate abundance. The 1983 annual CPUE was slightly higher than in 1982 at values of 3 and 2, respectively. White shrimp were first collected it. Walden I Creek in July and peaked in early August at a CPUE of 86, af ter which the numbers collected decreased. Baldhead Creek samples yielded a CPUE of only 1 l in July and 0 for all other months. Alligator Creek samples yielded the highest CPUE in August at a value of 13 and again decreased throughout the fall. White shrimp appeared in October and November in Mott's Bay at CPUEs of 1 (Figure 4.25). I Recruitment of young white shrimp began in July at a modal length of about 35 to 40 m. Due to the wide range of sizes and the low numbers I collected, a normal distribution of lengths was not discerr.ibic. The numbers collected decreased af ter October at which point sizes ranged from 20 to 115 m with a mode of about 75 m (Figure 4.26). Blue Crab l g ' Blue crab ranked third in abundance of invertebrates collected with the trawl. The 1983 annual CPUE was 5. This cannot be compared to 1982 because identification was only to genus in 1982, whereas portunid crabs were I identified to species in 1983. The monthly CPUE of blue crab was relatively high for most of the year in all study areas. Baldhead Creek had the highest CPUE (16) occurring in late June and was followed by Hay, February, and July CPUEs of 11,10, and 10, respectively. Walden Creek had a peak CPUE of 26 in February and March. These were followed by peaks in May, early June, late January, and July respective CPUEs of 23, 22, 22, and 18. Mott's Bay had the highest monthly CPUE of all the sampling areas at a value of 32 in late June. The CPUE in October was 27. The largest monthly CPUE (13) in Alligator Creek, I 4-10

I like Mott's Bay, occurred in late June. A smaller but substantial peak necurred in November at a CPUE of 11 (Figure 4.27). Analysis was performed only on blue crabs over 10 nn due to the dif fi. culty in identifying smaller individuals. Any blue crabs under the identifi-cation cutoff were identified only as Portunidae. The total number of Portunidae collected is presented in Table 4.1. Substantial recruitment of the 1982-1983 year class began in December 1982 at a modal length of about 15 m. This modal ler.gth remained about the same until June 1983. From this period on, the modal length for the 1982-1983 year class became v:ry difficult to determine; but in November, it appeared to ' be approximately 70 un (Figure 4.28). 4.2.3 Spatial Distribution

Within Creek I l Generally, most species that w ze estuaries show a preference for the upstream areas of tidal creeks. Weuistein (1979b) and CP&t. (1982, 1983), indicated that this was also true for the CFE as well. This report will consider the preference for upstream normal and will discuss plots of any g organisms that dif fer from this nonn. E Upstream preferences were noted for all organisms in Baldhead Creek except bay anchovy and Atlantic silverside (Fiqures 4.29 and 4.30). Only bay anchovy preferred the lower stations in Walden Creek (Figure 4.31). Alligator Creek is a more fresh-oligohaline marsh creek and the species exhibited dif-ferent spatial distributions than in the lower estuarine creeks. The upper most station in Alligator Creek normally did not support estuarine species in large numbers. This was possibly due to the constantly low salinity, sediment composition, or competition with the abundant freshwater species. All of the selected species collected in Alligator Creek preferred the mid or downstream stations which more closely resemble the lower estusrine habitats. I 4-11

E l Within the Estuary I Analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests were used to compare CPUEs of each creek system. Only consecutive trips with substantial numbers collected of each species were used in the analyses, while those trips with very few individuals were omitted. The stations within the creeks were I not averaged befare the analyses were performed. 1he trawl CPUE of total organisms was sigr.ificantly greater for Walden Creek th6.1 for the other sampling areas. Baldhead Creek, Mott's Bay, and

      !.lligator Creek CPUEs were not significantly different from each other. Data collected with the seine show that Walden and Baldhead Creeks had no signi-ficant difference between CPUEs. These creeks did, however. have CPUEs signi-ficantly greater than Mott's Bay (Table 4.1).

Analysis of the total 1983 CPUE of menhaden indicated that Walden Creek was significantly greater in CPUE than Alligator Creek (Table 4.2) . I colluted in 1982 show that Walden Creek had a significantly greater CPUE than Data the other sampling areas (CP&L 1983). There was no significant difference between CPUEs o+ bay anchovy in the four creek systems in 1983 (Table 4.2). The 1982 data show that Alligator Creek had significantly lower CPUEs of bay anchovy than the other creek systems (CP&L 1983). I All of the creek systems had significantly different CPUEs of murrnichog. Walden Creek F ' he highest CPUE followed by Baldhead Creek and by Mott's Bay (Table 4.2). The 1982 data show thct Walden Creek was significantly higher in CPUE than Mott's Bay but not Baldhead Creek (CPAL 1983). The CPUE of Atlantic silverside was significantly greater for Baldhead Creek than for Mott's Bay and Waloen Creek which did not differ from one an-other (Table 4.2). This was identical to 1982 results (CP&L 1983). I Walden Creek had a significantly greater CPUE of spot than any othu sampling area. Baldhead Creek had a significantly greater CPUE than Mott's 4-12

I Day and Alligator Creek which did not differ significantly (Table 4.2). Walden Creek also had a significantly higher CPUE of spot than the other creek systems in 1982 (CP&L 1983). l The CPUE of croaker in 1983 did not differ significantly between Mott's g Bay and Walden Creek. These two sampling areas, however, had a significantly higher CPVE than either Alligator or Baldhead Creeks. Alligator Creek had a significantly greater CPUE than Baldhead Creek (Table 4.2). Croaker were tignificantly more abundant in Mott's Bay than in the other study areas in g 1982. Alligator and Walden Creeks had a significantly greater CPUE than 5 Baldhead Creek (CP&L 1983). The CPUEs of striped mullet were significantly different among the three I areas sampled with the seine. Walden Creek had the greatest CPUE followed by Baldhead Creek and Mott's Bay (Table 4.2). The striped mullet catches in 1982 were not signficantly different between Walden and Baldhead Creeks. The Walden Creek catch was significantly greater than the catch at Mott's Bay (CP&L 1983). The white mullet CPUEs were not significantly different between Baldhead and Walden Creeks. These were, however, significantly greater than the CPUE for Mott's Bay (Table 4.2). These results were identical to the 1982 results (CP&L 1983). Alligator Creek had a significantly higher CPUE of flounder than any other sampling area (Table 4.2). This was also the case in 1982 (CP&L 1983). The brown shrimp CPUE was significantly greater for Walden Creek than any other sampling area. The C W q Mott's Bay and Baldhead Creek were not significantly different from each other but were significantly greater than the CPUE in Alligator Creek (Table 4.2). The 1982 data show that the three lower sampling areas were ne,t significantly dif ferent from each other but were greater than Alligator Creek (CP&L 1983). Mott's Bay had a significantly greater pink shrimp CPUE than any other sampling area. Walden, Baldhead, and Alligator Creeks were not signifir*'tly 4-13 g

I I different (Table 4.2). Mott's Bay also had a significantly greater CPUE than the other locations in 1982 (CP&L 1983). l Walden and Alligator Creeks had significantly higher CPUEs of white shrimp than Baldhead Creek or Mott's Day. Walden and Alligator Creeks were not significantly different from each other (Table 4.2) . No $ignificant difference was observed between the 1982 CPUEs in Walden Creek and Mott's Bay, but these areas were significantly greater in abundance than Baldhead and I Alligator Creeks (CP8L 1983). The Walden Creek CPUE of blue crab wa!, nignificantly greater than CPUEs for Baldhead and Alligator Creeks. Walden Creek and Mott's de l however, were not significantly different. The CPUE for Alligator Creek va!, significantly lower than the other sites (Table 4.2). No comparison was made to 1982 data because 51ue crabs were identified to genus only in 1982. 4.3.4 Effects of Salinity, Temperature, and Percent Organics on Abundance These comparisons are mde by comparing the percentage ;f the total catch of each species collected at the given physiochemical parameters. _ Sal ini ty The salinity ranges are classified in this report as follows (Gosner 1971): 1 Fresh-oligohaline < 0 - 3.0 0 /oo Meschaline 3.0 - 16.5 0 /o0 Polyhaline 16.5 - 30.0 0/co Seawater > 30.0 U/oo Spot, croaker, striped mullet, and flounder were most abundant in fresh-oligohaline areas. Menhaden, bay anchovy, mummichog, brown shrimp, and blue crab were most numerous in meschaline areas. The polyhaline areas yielded the highest abundance for Atlantic silversides, pink shrimp, and white shrimp. Areas with salinities classified as seawater generally had the lowest catch percentage. Table 4.3 indicates the salinity preference of each species. 4-14

I Temperature The water temperature values are grouped into three ranges: low (3' to 13'C) , mi d ',14 ' to 24*C), and high (25' to 34'C). None of the selected species were most abundant when water temperatures were in the low range. Menhaden, bay anchovy, Atlantic silverside, spot, croaker, striped mullet, flounder, pink shrimp, and blue crab were collected in their greatest abun-dance at temperatures in the midrange. The remaining species (numichog, white mullet, brown shrimp, and white shrimp) were most abundant at high temperatures. The temperature preference exhibited by each species is pre-sented in Tab'e 4.4. I percent Oraanics The values for the percent organics in the substrates were grouped into three ranges: low (< 1 to 11 percer.t), mid (12 to 22 percent), and high (23 ^ to 34 percent). Bay anchovy, croaker, flounder, and white shrimp were nest abundant in areas with a midrange of organic substrate. None of the selected l( species were most abundant in the high-organic areas. The remaining selected species were most abundant in low-organic content areas. The preference of percent organics is presented in Table 4.4.

4.3.5 Standing Crop Estimates Standing crop estimates were determined in the spring for Baldhead and Walden Creeks (two rotenone stations each) and Mott's Bay (one station). Alligator Creek's substrate contained extremely sof t-organic ooze which r,.ade - sacple collection impossible. Since the densities of most species of fish decreased from upstream to downstream, rotenone sampics were collected near the headwaters and near the mouth of Baldhead and Walden Creeks. By combining the high-density area with the low-density area, an average standing crop per hectare was obtained for the creek as a whole. - The spring rotenone data show that the standing crop was greatest in Baldhead Creek for Atlant;c silverside, spot, mumichog, and striped mullet. Walden Creek supported the highest standing crop for menhaden only. Bay 4-15

I 4 anchovy, croaker,- and flounder had the largest standing crop at Mott's Bay. The spring standing crops of each species by creek are displayed in Table 4.5. I 4.4 Summary and Conc'" mons The peak abunaance of fish and invertebrates occurred during recruitment of the individual species into the marshes. Menhaden, spot, croaker, striped mull et, flounder, and blue crab were generally most abundant in the late winter and early spring months. Other organisms such as bay anchovy, mum-michog, white mullet, and brown shrimp were more abundant in the late sprig and summer. Whi+.e and pink shrimp were collected in their highest numbers in late summer and early fall. Atlantic silverside was abundant from July to December. I Generally, mot,t spec' s of fish and invertebrates pr fer the upstream areas of the tide

creeks. Except for bay anchovy and Atlantic silverside, ali of tne selected species in this study were most abundar.t in the mid to upstream areas of the creeks. Species collected in Alligator Creek were most abundant in the mid to down creek areas, which was probably the result of the constm 'y low salinity, bottom composition, and :omisst ion with the numerous freshwater fish in the upstream areas.

Most species of fish and shellfish exhibit cetain soatial preferences in an e ^uary. Many of the species that reside in the estuary choose areas with I lower salinities or small salinity fluctuations. Croaker, fleu , der, and pink shrimp were most abundant in the upper estuary. Atlantic silverside and white mullet were most abundant in the lower estuary, while bay anchovy catches were not significantly different among creeks. All other selected species were most abunriant in Walden Creek. I Ath ntic silverside, white mul'et, pink shrimp, and white shrimp were most abundant in polyhaline areas. Menhaden, bay anchovy, mummichog, brown shrimp, and blue crab were most abundant in meschaline areas. The remaining I selected species (spot, croaker, striped mullet, and flounder) were most abundant in areas considered to be fresh-oligohaline. Menhaden, bay anchovy, I {

I Atlantic silverside, spot, croaker, striped mullet, flounder, pink shrimp, and blue crab were most abundant in the marshes when water temperatures were between 14' and 24*C. The rem 61ning selected species (mummichog, white mu'- let, brown shrimp, and white shrimp) were most abundant when water tempera-tures were high (25' to 34*C). Bay anchovy, flounder, and white shrimp were most abundant in areas with substrate organics between 12 and 22 percent. Croaker were equally abundant in areas with this percent organic substrate and the low-organic substrate (< 1-11 percent). All other selected species were found to be most abundant in the low-organic areas. I ~ The standing crop of menhaden was greatest in Walden Creek, while the hay anchovy, croaker, and ficander standing crops were greatest at Mott's Bay. The standing crops of mummichog, Atlantic silverside, spot, and striped mullet were greatest in Baldhead Creek. All other selected species were not col-1ected in the rotenone samples or collected in numbers too low to deal wish accurately. Because most species exhibited expected distributions within creeks and were lost abundant in Walden Creek and the upriver stations, it is unlikcly thut he operation of the BSEP had an adverse effect on the populations of fishes ai. ' shellfishes utilizing the marshes of the CFE. A a I I I I I I 4 17 g

g M m m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Table 4.1 Total catch and percent total of organisms collected in the high marsh study during 1983. Trawls Seines Rotenone Species Jcientific Name Species Common Name Catch % Catch % Catch % Lepiscsteidae Gars Lepisosteus osseus longnose gar 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Amlidae Bowfins Ania calva bowfin 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Elopidae Tarpans Elops courus lady fish 20 0.03 19 0.05 1 0.00 E. saurus(leptocephalus) ladyfish 81 0.10 3 0.01 G 0.00 Anguillidae Freshwater cels Anguilla rostrata American eel 16 0.02 0 0.00 5 0.02 y Ophichthidae Snake cels g Myrophis punctatus speck 1ed worm eel 1 0.00 0 0.00 12 0.05 M. punctatus(leptocephalus) speckled worm eel 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Clupeidae Herrings Alosa aestivalis blueback herring 2 0.00 2 0.01 0 0.00 Brevoortia tyrannus Atlantic menhaden 9,230 11.65 17,915 48.13 2,294 10.34 Doroscm2 cepedianum gizzard shad 208 0.26 47 0.13 !. 3 0.?4 Engraulidae Anchovies Anchoa spp. anchovy unid. 15 0.02 0 0.00 0 0.00 A. hepsetus striped anchovy 12 0.02 3 0.01 0 0.00 A. mitchi1Zi bay anchovy 6,455 8.15 157 0.42 13 0.06 Umbridae Mudminnows umbra pygmea eastern mudminnow 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Synodontidae Lizardfishes synofts foetens inshore lizardfish 62 0.08 10 0.03 0 0.00 Ictaluridae Bullhead catfishes Iccalurus catus white catfish 6 0.01 0 0.00 0 0.00 I. furcatus blue catfish 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 m .

Table 4.1 (continued) Trawls Seines Rotenone Catch % Catch % Catch % Species Scientific Nama Species Common Name Aphredoderidae Pirate perches 0 0.00 pirate perch 1 0.00 0 0.00 Aphredoderus sayanus Batracholdidae Toadfishes 0 0.00 0 0.00 oyster toadfish 6 0.01 opsanus can Gobiesocidae Clingfishes 0 0.00 0 0.00 skilletfish 1 0.00 Cobiesom scrumosus Gadidae Codfishes 0 0.00 0 0.00 southern hake 1 0.00 Urophycia floridana 13 0.02 0 0.00 0 0.00 U. regia spotted hake o Ophidiidae Cusk-eels 0 0.00 15 0.07 crested cusk-eel 0 0.00

 !    Ophidion velshi

Belonidae Needlefishes 4 0.01 0 0.00 Atlantic needlefish 0 0.00 strongyIura mrina Cyprinodontidae Killifiches 4 0.01 0 0.00 sheepshead minnow 0 0.00 cyprinodon oariegatus 960 1.21 2,224 5.97 697 3.14 Fundulus heteroclitus mummichog striped killifish 7 0.01 56 0.15 55 0.25 F. ma,falis Poecillidae Livebearers 13 0.03 7 0.03 mosquitoffsh 12 0.02 Cambusia affinis 0 0.00 5 0.01 0 0.00 Atherinidae Silversides 4 0.01 0 0.00 rough illverside 0 0.00

      #embras m rcinica                                      58 0.07    10 0.03       3 0.01
      #enidia beryllina             inland silverside       173 0.22 1,165 3.13    418 1.88 N. menidia                    Atlantic silverside                                             l Syngnathidae                 Pipefishes                               5 0.01     18 0.08        l northern pipefish         5 0.01                                '

syngnachus fuscus 12 0.02 5 0.01 6 0.03 S. Zouisianae chain pipefish ; Percichthyidae Temperate basses 0 0.00 striped bass 1 0.00 0 0.00 Norone saxacilis M mW M M M M M m m m m m INN M M 'm M M

M M M M M >- M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Table 4.1 (continued) Trawls Seines Rotenone Species Scientific Hame Species Common Name Catch % Catch % Catch % Centrarchidae Sunfishes Acantharchus pomotis mud sunfish 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 epcmis spp. sunfish unid. 7 0.01 0 0.00 0 0.00 L. gibbosus pumpkinseed 28 0.04 0 0.00 0 0.00 L. gulosus warmouth 4 0.01 0 0.00 1 0.00 L. macrochirus bluegill 25 0.03 0 0.00 0 0.00 L. microlophus redear sunfish 15 0.02 0 0.00 0 0.00 Nicropterus salmoides largemouth bass 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Pomoris nigromaculatus black crappie 62 0.08 0 0.00 0 0.00

 ,  Perciaae                       Perches
 /,   Perca flavescens               yellow perch               2 0.00    0 0.00     0 0.00 o  Pomatomidae                    Bluefishes Pcm2tcmus saltatriz            bluefish                   6 0.01    9 0.02     0 0.00 Carangidae                     Jacks caranz hippos                  crevalle jack             20 0.03   81 0.22     0 0.00 chloroscombrus chrysurus       at1 antic bumpe-           1 0.00    0 0.00     0 0.00 Selene vomer                   lookdown                  10 0.01    0 0.00     0 0.00 Lutjanidae                     Snappers                     3 0.00    0 0.00     0 0.00 Lutjanus spp.                  snapper unid.              1 0.00    0 0.00     0 0.00 L. griseus                     gray snapper               5 0.01    7 0.02     0 0.00 Gerreidae                      Mojarras                   99  0.12   13 0.03     0 0.00 Diapterus auratus              Irish pompano            24  0.03    6 0.02     0 0.00 Eucinostomus spp.               mojarra unid.            52  0.07   16 0.04     0 0.00 E. argenteus                    spotfin mojarra         271  0.34  135 0.36     0 0.00 Haemulidae                     Grunts orthopristis chrysoptera       pigfish                    8 0.01    0 0.00     0 0.00 Sparidae                       Porgies Archosargus probatocephalus    sheepshead                 1 0.00    0 0.00     0 0.00

I Table 4.1 (continued) Trawls Seines Rotenone Catch % Catch % Catch % Species Scientific Name Species Conraon Name 1,015 1.28 225 0.60 485 2.19 l Lagcdon rho.3oldes pinfish l Drums 10 0.03 2 0.01 l Sciaenidae silver perch 199 0.25 BairdieIIa chrysoura 5 0.01 0 0.00 0 0.00 l Cynoscion nehtosat spotted seatrout 0 0.00 weakfish 69 0.09 0 0.00 C. regalis 51,220 64.63 9,016 24.22 13,958 62.89 Leiostomus xanthurus spot 0 0.00 0 0.00 kingfish unid. 1 0.00 Menticirrhus spp. 2,813 3.55 l1,007 2.71 238 1.07 Nicropogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker 18 0.02 9 0.02 8 0.04 sciasnops ocettatus red drum 0 0.00 star drum 12 0.02 0 0.00 7 stellifer IanceoIacus Spadefishes Ephippidae 10 0.01 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber Mugilidae Mullets 2,4 54 3.10 ,2,211 5.94 3,295 14.85 Hugil cephalus striped mullet 312 0.39 i2,665 7.16 0 0.00 N. curema white mullet Uranoscopidae Stargazers 1 0.00 0 0.00 stargazer unid. 1 0.00 Astroscopus spp. 2 0.00 0 0.00 1 0.00 northerr. stargazer A. guttatus southern itargazer 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 A. y-graecunt Blenniidae Combtooth L ennies 2 0.01 striped blenny 16 0.02 0 0.00 chasnuxisc bosquianus feather blenny 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Hypsoblennius hentai 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 freckled blenny N. iorthas Sleepers Eleotridae fat sleeper 0 0.00 1 0.00 0 0.00 Dor.d tator maculatus M M M M M M m mm M' W M M m m M M M - la

W m W; M M M M 'W W M M M M M M M M M M Table 4.1 (continued) Trawls Seines Rotenone Species Scientific Name Species Comon Name Catch % Catch % Catch % Gobildae Gobies Cobionellus spp. goby unid. 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 C. boleoscm darter goby 356 0.45 26 0.07 37 0.17

a. hastatus sharptail goby 20 0.03 1 0.00 0 0.00 C. shufeldti freshwater goby 242 0.31 12 0.03 0 0.00 Cobioscm spp. goby unid. 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 0.00 C. bosci' naked goby 78 0.10 2 0.01 269 1.21 C. ginsburgi seaboard goby 7 0.01 1 0.00 0 0.00

, Microgobius spp. goby unid. 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 M. thalassinus green goby 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 m Scombridae Mackerels Scanberanorus meulatus Spanish mackerel 0 0.00 1 0.00 0 0.00 Triglidae Searobins Prionotus spp. searobin unid. 4 0.01 0 0.00 0 0.00 P. sciculus leopard searobin 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 P. tribulus bighead searobin 25 0.03 5 0.01 0 0.00 Bothidae Lefteye flounders Ancylopsetta quadvocellata Ocellated flounder 4 0.01 1 0.00 1 0.00 Citharichthys spp. whiff unid. 94 0.12 1 0.00 0 0.00 C. spilopterus bay whiff 281 0.35 10 0.03 44 0.20 Etropus crossotus fringed flounder 40 0.05 2 0.01 0 0.00 Paralichthys albigutta gulf flounder 0 0.00 1 0.00 0 0.00 P. dentatus summer flounder 114 0.14 9 0.02 36 0.16 P. Techostigm2 southern flounder 1,226 1.55 41 0.11 119 0.54 Scophthalmus aquosus windowpane 4 0.01 0 0.00 0 0.00 Soleidae Soles Trinectes m2culatus hogchoker 337 0.43 0 0.00 0 0.00

N .I Table 4.1 (continued) l j Trawls Seines Rotenone l Catch % Catch % Catch % Species Scientific flame Species Comon liame Cynoglossidae Tonguefishes 0.11 100 0.45 blackcheek tonguefish 243 0.31 41 Symphurus plagiusa Balistidae Leatherjackets 0 0.00 planchead filefish 2 0.00 5 0.01 Monacanthus hispidus Tetraodontidae Puffers 0.01 0 0.00 l northern puffer 2 0.00 2 sphosroides moulatus -------------------------------------- l

        ---------------------- ----------------------------------- --------- 4979,2 100.0 37,224 100.0 22,194 100.0                  i Total fish
        -------------------------------------- . --- ..------------------- -----------------------------------------0.00 156    0.25     34    0.13       0 Penaeus spp.(postlarvae)              Penaeus                                                                   0.00 brown shrimp                      5,657    9.12    820    3.06       0 P. aateaus                                                              1,220    1.97    165    0.62       0     0.00 P. duorarum                           pink shrimp                                               0.60       0     0.00 4                                            white shrimp                      1,171    1.89    161 w      P. satiferus                                                                     0.50       6   0.02        0    0.00 Trachypeneus constrictus               t-con or hardback shrimp            308 0.00 reck shrimp                            1   0.00       0   0.00       0 Sicyonia spp.                                                          49,073 79.12 25.017 93.48            0    0.00 Palacmonetes spp.                     grass shrimp                                              0.00        0    0.00 snapping shrimp                       32   0.05       1 Alpheus spp.                                                                 1   0.00       0   0.00        0    0.00 A. heterochaelis                      snapping shrimp                                           0.00        0    0.00 sand  shrimp                          18   0.03       1 cmngon septemspinosa                                                         1   0.00       0   0.00        0    0.00 Upogebia spp. and Callianassa spp. mud shrimps                            644    1.04      57   0.21        0    0.00 Portunidas                            swimming crabs                                                        0    0.00 swimming crabs                        3   0.00       0   0.00 Portunus spp.                                                              166   0.27       0   0.00        0    0.00 Callinectes spp.                      blue crabs                                         463     1.73       0    0.00 blue crab                         3,447     5.56 C. sapidus                                                                  40   0.06      38    0.14       0    0.00 C. siettus                            blue crab                                             0    0.00       0    0.00 brief squid                          84   0.14 Lolligu,cula brevis                   diamondback terrapin                    1  0.00       0    0.00       0    0.00 Malaclemys terrapin                                                           3  0.00        0   0.00       0    0.00 Chrysamys concinna                     river cooter W       W      N       m      M      M      N M m                     m       Da     M      M       M Igg     M      m              M      M

.g a g a mmmm a m mm M MM M W MW Table 4.1 (continued) Trawls Seines Rotenone Species Scientific Name Species Comon llame Catch % Catch % Catch % Total invertebrates 62,026 100.0 26,763 100.0 0 0.0 Total organisms 141,275 63,987 22,194 Total efforts 357 85 5 T ?

l l Table 4.2 Results of analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test indicating statistical dif-I ferences between creeks for the high marsh study during 1983. Trips i Species Gear Creek Log S2 Analyzed 1 l Total organisms Trawl *** 1.993 0.325 1-17 WBMA l Seine ** 2.262 0.380 1-17 W B M_ l Atlantic menhaden Trawl ** 0.577 0.559 3-12 l p U WBMA Bay anchovy Trawl NS 0.441 0.412 1-17 l Mummichog Seine *** 0.627 0.422 4-16 WBM NS Not significant - P > 0.05 B = Baldhead Creek

0.01 < P < 0.05 W = Walden Creek

       **        0.001 < P < 0.01                                   M = Mott's Bay
       ***       P < 0.001 ~~                                       A = Alligator Creek lum ums    uma    uma     um a  e ns   sem   .mer   uma    uma    man     met  ajus   aus  a mi    ama    aus     aus             aus

W M M M M M WW W W W MM M M M M MM Table 4.2 -(continued) Trips Species Gear Creek Log 52 Analyzed Atlantic silverside Trawl *** 0.523 0.295 3-17 B_ M W

 . Spot                                     Trawl   ***          0.993                            0.477             1-17 E.B,MA

, Atlantic croaker Trawl *** 0.370 0.193 1-17 h M K A_ B Striped mullet Seine *** 0.680 0.444 3-17 WBM White mullet Seine

1.186 0.686 8-13 bWM --

NS Hot significant - P > 0.05 B = Baldhead Creek 0.01 < P < 0.05 W = Walden Creek 0.001 < P < 0.01 M = Mott's Bay P < 0.001 - A = Alligator Creek

Table 4.2 (continued) Trips Specites Gear Creek Log S 2 Analyzed Flounder Trawl *** 0.395 0.196 1-9 A_ M W B l ! Brown shrimp Trawl *** 0.946 0.378 8-12 l WMBA r b Pink shrimp Trawl *** 0.579 0.216 10-17 MWBA White shrimp Trawl *** 0.454 0.252 10-13 WABM Blue crab Trawl *** 0.768 0.187 1-17 l WMBA NS Not significant - P > 0.0S B = Baldhead Creek

0.01 < P < 0.05 W = Walden Creek l

        **        0.001 < P < 0.01                         M.    =   Mott's Bay
        ***       P < 0.001 -                              A     =   Alligator Creck

! BE W M M M M M BB M M M M W M M M M em 1

) L Table 4.3 Salinity preferences for selected species in the high marsh study during 1983. Fresh - Species Oligohaline Mesohaline Polyhaline Seawater Atlantic menhaden *3 4 2 1 Bay anchovy 2 4 3 1 Mutnichog 3 4 2 1 Atlantic silverside 1 3 4 2 Spot 4 3 2 1 Atlantic cre 4 3 2 1 Striped mullet 4 3 2 1 White mul1et 1 3 4 2 Flounder 4 3 1 1 Brown shrimp 1 4 3 1 Pink shrimp 2 3 4 2 White shrimp 1 3 4 1 Blue crab 3 4 2 1

           *1, 2, 3, and 4 represent values of relative abundance from lowest to greatest, respectively.

4-28

I Table 4.4 Temperature and substrate. organic preferences for selected I species in the high marsh study during 1983. Temperature ('C) Organics (%) Species 3-13 14-24 25-34 < 1-11 12-22 23-34 I, Atlantic menhaden *1 3 2 3 2 1 ... Bay anchovy 1 3 2 2 3 1 Mummichog 1 2 3 3 1 1 Atlantic silverside 1 3 2 3 1 1 II Spot 2 3 1 3 2 1 Atlantic croaker 1 3 2 3 3 1 Striped mullet 1 3 2 3 1 1 White mullet 1 2 3 3 1 i E 5' Flounder 2. 3 1 2 3 1 Brown shrimp 1 2 3 3 2 1 Pink shrimp 1 3 2 3 2 1 White shrimp 1 1 3 2 3 1 Blue crab 1 3 2 3 2 1 I

       *1, 2, ar.d 3 represent values of relative abundance- from the lowest to greatest, respectively.

4-29' t

Table 4.5 Spring standing crop estimates from the high marsh study,1983. Walden Creek Baldhead Creek Mott's Bay 2 2 2 Nu ber/ Hectare Number /m Number / Hectare Number /m Number / Hectare Species Number /m 9.03 90,300 22.28 222,800 3.86 38,600 Total organisms 1.93 19,300 1.07 10,700 1.54 15,400 At1 antic menhaden. 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.04 400 Bay anchovy 400 0.94 9,400 0 0 Mummichog 0.04 0.58 5,800 0 0 Atlantic silverside 0.00 0 4.74 47,400 15.14 151,400 1.44 14,400 Spot 1,200 0.01 100 0.54 5,400 Atlantic croaker 0.12 11,200 3.70 37,000 0.04 400 Striped mullet 1.12 h 1,100 0.24 2,400 Flounder 0.00 0 0.11 Salinity Salinity Salinity ilpstream 4.0 10.0 Dovnstream 4.0 14.0 Temperature Temperature Temperature 18.0 18.9 18.5 Upstream Downstream 19.2 18.9 Percent Organics Percent Organics Percent Organics 1.5 0.9 2.8 Upstream Downstream 2.8 11.9

Salinity not taken

.~

I I

                                                                            + = BALDHEAD CREEK E0 I                                                                      x - WAl. DEN CREEK 0-   MOTT'S B AY

4 = ALUGATOR CREEK Y

l\ ll Il 20002 g, c ! x ,"i i C I a ii II ll H1500{ I

                              ,g       ,

h( \ l ll l P E II g, i 1 g

                                                     '\
                                                         \

I1 -

l R I I I i 10005 g g, g I g E p : I 11 k i g g : I I) I \ I \f \ 0 : ; s g R 508- J I ' 'X T - I E xi s% x ,x 5 u'~- # ' 0 g o., g n . g. . ..g u n g o i g, n .g . n ig iin g e n io n g o n g o o g" > ijn g ""1""I'" *i'"'I JJFMAAHJJJAAS0CND h AAEAPPAUUVUUECC0E NNBRRRYNNL8GPTTVC l TRIP g Figure 4.1 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of total organisms by creek for high marsh,1983. I 4-31 g

m9 .4 -- , , _ . . . . , m I I I 60C@- 4 = BALDHEAD CREEK X = WALDEN CREEK

              .                                                             O= MOTT'S BAY
              .                                                             0 = ALLIGATOR CREEK l     C 5000
              ~

l A T C 4000-I g . l l P E 3000-I R : E l F 2000 F I g- N-1

I 0 I

                  '.                              I                \

R I I T 1000-l

                  ,                            l                     \

x \ i g f' _gA- C 0-- i.... .... .... ....i....i.... ....p..y....i....i.... e- -N%7

                                                                             ....i....i....i m q m y...,3....,

J-JFM\AMJJJAAS00ND AAEAPP AUUUUVECC0E I NNBRRRYNNLGGPTTV C l TRIP I Figure 4.2 Mean seine catch per unit effort cf total organisms by creek for high marsh,1963. ! l 4-n

I 160-~ g + = BALDHEAD CREEK i

X = WALDEN CREEK Il O = MOTT'S BAY l l{ 0 - ALLIGATOR CREEK , lg C 150 { f; lg 1i gl ' A l T C 120-11 1; 1 1

                                                    ;                                          l 1i      ji i H

I 1 1/1 I

1

                                                      \ik                                      l P     .

I tI f\ g i E 90- li ; I g aj R : i 'gl i I E

     .                     I I         \l ti
                                                              \

i l : F 60- 1 l < g g, F : x [i t E 1 0 - ll \ R : I

                        /        /                                 1                           l,,

T 30- /

/ ,

f

                                                    'i e

A s E' E

                  /                   A, / '                           bg el       -M--./                               >

i....i........i........i...........p.q...i....i....i....i............i....i....i l JJFMAANJJJAAS00ND A A E A P P A V U V 'J V E C C 0 E l NNBRRRYNNLGGPTTVC g TRIP Figure 4.3 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of Atlantic menhaden by I creek for high marsh,1983. 4-33 l

I 5 N = NO. COLLEC'E D E = NO.0F EFFORTS ] . - 40- N= 2 2*- E = 42 JAN O _

             **-                                                                           N = 221 I     rea es-

-~

                               ~
                                                                                     ~

E = 21

              +                                                                            N =473 I     NAR 20-C E = 21 40-                                                                          N =3410 I      APR E-0
                                "-~)

E= 42 40- N = 2436 I NAY 2a-E= 21 e N = 2132 I P E R JUN c 2a-8 E-42 N

375 I

E 40-H _ t 20- E= 21 JUL. - I N= 138 Aue N= I 48- 1

E= 21 SEP O I

4e-Na 2

               **~                                                                           E=      42 ocT       c                                                                                          i N=

I 40- 1 2*- E= 21 HC/ ; I OCC 4e-28-C N= E= 21 1 I 18 29 38 40 Es ca 76 80 90 100 110 120 132 SPCCIES LENGTH D4 PtH . I Figure 4.4 Length frequency distribution of Atlantic menhaden collected by trawl for high marsh,1983. I -

                                                                                                                                                                                                    ~I
                                                                                                                                                                 + = BALDHEAD CREEK X = WALDEN CREEK a = MOTT'S BAY 150-                                                               g            o - ALLIGATOR CREEK i

n !l'! I C125- l\

A T

l! y l

lii i C . I g H 100- I X

                                                                                                                                              'l k      i       Il I

l 11 P : il ! f L f 11 E - i , R 75-i i i i ii lI l Il I E F z ; ! I il I I f l F 50- I 'l g 0 4 15 I\ ! il I

                                                                                                                                                                                      ,              l Y.                            \

I I \ i;

                                                                                                                                                                    /}l X\ i*r l               n 8

25-1 1 X 1 X I l

                                                                                                                                                      , I.\\ / l/           f s

g

                                                                                                               /              g             l DX 0-A' g....g....p ...i ...g ..g....g...

j- k g ...g... 3... gi.. 3... N 1 i... g....g.u.g. ..i,.

                                                                                                                                                                                             +
                                                                                                                                                                                            .g....j E

g JJFMAAMJJJAAS00ND g AAEAPPAVUUUUECC0E E NNBRRRYNNL66PTTVC TRIP I Figure 4.5 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of bay anchovy by creek I for high marsh.1983. 4-35

I I N = NO COLLECTED E = NO.OF EFFORTS g .e: N = 41, 20- E = 42 I m . _ 1 4a- N= 6 es- E- 21 I I ren : de- N = 65 to- E = 21 MAR 0 40- N = 831 2e- E = 42

                                                   ,                             !                          l          ;

4 e.- N = 220 so- E = 21 gay c -J I 7 1 4e- N = 334 g co- 1 . , E=d2 I I I I ' ' R JN : I C E H T 4a-28-N = 647 E = 21 an. I 40- N =1502 2s- g E= 42 I i m I i 4a- N = 344 a*- . E = 21 I I W-I ggy 4e- N = 679 as- i E = 42 I I I I I on 40- N = 215 2a- , i

                                                                                                                           .                   E = 21
                           ,                                                        i                            I         i   i I'                                             4e-me-e N = 1067 E=     21 m                                                I I

1

                                                          .        ,           ,                  .                  .            ,        ,     i-E       I6          25             35                     45           55       c5   75 SPECIES LENGTN IN MH.

I Figure 4.6 Length frequency distribution of bay anchovy collected by trawl for high marsh,1983. 4-36

I Il

 @                                                                                + = BALDHEAD CREEK         l W

X = WALDEN CREEK ,

     ;                                                               X            a - MOTT'S BAY
     ~
     ~.                                                              \I                                      l1  \

Il C : . ; lli A 300- i; f- II Ii l H ; i 1 i l' P : i ; E 200; i i g-I i

1 i E -

i 3 l-F : p 'X r i F

                                               \             x
                                       '         \         '                 '

0 100 g

      -                               1           \    $                      \

E I \/ \ I : X E f i

                          ,w - X 1

1 1 l 0 g.

             ""-NI
           ..j....g. . g.... . . ;,.

g....g. ..g....g.,,,g ..g....g ...g....gi,si3. g...,3...,3 JJFMAAHJJJAAS00ND AAEAPPAUUUUUECC0E l NNBRRRYNNLGGPTTVC TG Figure 4.7 Mean seine catch per unit effort of mummichcg by creek l for high marsh,1983. 4-37

..r. .... .. . . . .. . . I I N = NO, COLLECTED E = NO. OF EF FORTS 4e- N= 0 to- E= 10 JAN N. I 4e- 2 as- E= 5 ren I N = 64

                         *e-co-                                        ~                          ,

gg g

                            -                    i         i      l                          l     P1 I                                                                                                                               N =303 4e-
                            *~

Arn e

                                                           ,      i        l      l          M              j    .

E= 10 I N =333 4e-as- ' E= 5 ggy g J l l l t i 1 - N =340 I as-e ae- - E= 10 ka e F""* ! i i I ;

                           **~                                                                                                      N=331 F                              ;

E= 5 i I i i a : 1 I 4e- N N =781 as- . . E = 10 g.a .i i i l l l i i I see 4e-2e-N= E= 0 5 ae- N = 15 I= c,c r

**~

j j I I I E = 10 40- N= 4

Ea 5 NOV 0 l l

                            **~                                                                                                      N=      2
                            #'~

E= 5 oce :T ' i , , , , , r I E 15 23 35 45 55 e5 75 e6

                                                                 $PCCIES LENGTH 3N MM.

I Figure 4.8 Length-frequency distribution of mummichog collected by seine for high marsh,1983. I 4-se

I I 150- I

                + = BALDHEAD CREEK                                                          a X = WALDEN CREEK                                                                       l a = MOTT'S B AY                                                                        5 C

125-I 4 : i C 100-l N . g P l E 75- ' R E . F 50-F

I 0 : y f / l\ h i 1 T 25- t

I

                                  \
                                   \
                                                      )

1

                                                                      /                                E E

l 0 : : 0 $

            .... .. ii .ig..

T 'I rp m Intri....i....g . .g....g d's-- Y-F-i

                                                            ... .... .. .;,...,....,...,,,..,3,,,,3 l

JJFMAAHJJJAAS00ND g AAEAPPAUUUUVECC0E NNBRRRYNNLGGPTTVC I TRIP I Figure 4.9 Mean seine catch per unit effort of Atlantic silverside by creek for h'gh marsh,1983. I 4-39 I_

I I I N = NO. COLLECTED E = NO.OF EFFORTS 4 o- N = 16 es- E= 10 aAH : 4e-N= 73 E*" E- 5 m l I m, 1 1 i __. 6 4e- N = 86 to- , 9 E= 5 i i l i r-~1 g,, , 40- N= 11 co- E = 10 APR 48- N= 1 20- E= 5 NAy e 40- N= 12 {R JJN 26 2 p E= 10 de- N = 127 mg M N l l ,

                                                                                                                  =   5 4e-                                                                              N = 233 20-               i                                                             E = 10 Aue      c                    l l                '      '

40- N = 154 ggp l N 4e- - N = 66 to-p -- 1 I E = 10 MT 4e - N=08 20- E= 5 c I Nov 40- N = 285 co- _ E= 5 occ I 18 25 35 45 55 e5 75 e3 96 las SPECIE 3 LENETH IN NN. I Figure 4.10 Length-frequency distribution of Atlantic silverside collected by seine for high marsh,1983. g .- o

I I 1800-

                                                                                    + = BALDHEAD CREEK               E
         ',                                                                         X = WALDEN CREEK                 E o = MOTT'S BAY l                                                                          c = ALLIGATOR CREEK              g 1500-                                                                                                           5 ll                                                                            .

l C i

          -                                   I A                                       1 I

T : i C1200- i I g I e H : i l P E 900-X lI i t I

Ig ,

I I I E : Il i I F 600- Ii1 I I' , I F : 1, Il e)( 0 R i i I X

                                                                \
                                                                  \

X l ' T 300- I 1 1

                                                                      \                                                g i         y                                      s                                              a, i                                                   k A

I'

%x 0- t:.g.... p:.. 3. : :4 gi .. . .ig.. .g...

M .c 'P t : : : 3....i....g ...i....i... 3,...g....g....i....g....g .7 . JJFMA-AHJJJAAS00ND AAEAPPAUUUUUECC0E a, NNBRRRYNNLGGPTTVC B TRIP l I Figure 4.11 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of spot by creek for high rnarsh.1983. 4-41

I I

   -l E                       -        -

N = NO. COLLECTED E = NO.0F EFFORTS

                         '"-                                                                                       N =347
   .I             JAN 1s-O 1

E = 42 N =8505 g co- E= 21 E ren a -

                         **~                                                                                      N = 5140 I             t4AR co-e         r-
                                       ~~

q -- E= 21 4e- N = 21000 I APR 20-e r-

                                             "} 1                                                                 E=      42
                        '8'                                                                                       N = 5456 I

en- E= 21 MAY Q 4a- N = 6089 I E g sun C g e -[ E= 42 49- N = 2070 s -- T to-

   -I             atL     e g            y                                                    E=    21
                        **~                                                                                       N =1262 I             Aus
                        **~

o r-[~ -

g. #2

                        ***                                                                                       N = 212 eu-                                                                                       E = 21 sCP     Q                                                                   ___         _

40- N = 207 28' CCT S M_ _~ _ _ 40- N= 34

                        **~                                                                                       E = 21 E                               m   , f T-I~I~fb

140V 4e- ' I oce 20~ e; , ., , , , , g M;, em rr N= 32 E = 21 i 1 i l i 1 1 1 1 2 S 4 E e 7 e Q 4 1 2 3 4 s a 7 .. I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R O O O O O O O O O O SPEOICS LONGTH IN MM. Figure 4.12 length frequency distribution of spot collected by tras1 t for high maish,1983. l

I i I 150-

                                                                             + = BALDHEAD CREEK               l B

I X = WALDEN CREEK j o = MOTT'S B AY o = ALLIGATOR CREEK C 125-1 l A : T . g

                                                           '     1 C 100-l                             t            !
  ?                                                                                              ;\

l E 75- l j 'i R li i i

            .                                                          l                        l t 7

E . K l1

                                                                                                      'i F 2-F

g ' ,' X i I l l

                                                                                                       \       l
                                                             \l 1   \

0 : i l ! R . f g .. i g i T 25- i 1 l 1 KI lhi g

                                  / f'XI /'I     l \i                 h                   [                     8 0           bi ;                           '

e Y' b-E-4

                ..... .... ................... .. m,.... .... ....,....,....,.... .... ....,....,.... ....,     I JaFMAAMJJJAAS00ND                                                                          3 E

AAEAPPAUUUUUECC0E NNBRRRYHNLGGPTTVC I TRIP I Figure 4,13 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of Atlantic croaker by creek for high marsh,1983. I 4-43 I

I I 1 I -

'~

N = NO. COLLECTED E = NO. 0F EFFORTS 4e- ha 27 I o.. . to-

                             'p                                                                   t = 42
             **"                                                                                 Na 14 I    rza s o-
                             '}      q                    ,

E = 21

                                                                                                  -                        i
             ***                                                                                 N = 163 c+-

MAR ** af - E = 21

             '*~                                                                                 N = 658 f_                    ' ' -

E= 42 APR I H = 481 t~ Ea 21 M.Y : { 'l J iiiI t-i~I"1 -

N = P71 E

n JUN : [DD h E = 42

N . 95 E = 21 SOL : n. M~

e N = 64 2+ E = 42

40. O _ [%T"} 71~L m "

l

             **-                                                                                 N = 11 cte -:            n                       n nTn n                                          E = 21
             **"                                                                                 N = 25

E = 42 ocT ; ] n I

             **-                                                                                 N =378
             "                                                                                   E = 21 Nov     a      F 1 I                                                                                               N = 18 4e-22-                                                                                 E = 21 Oc      e- AT I                 . .i v .

e a .a .i 1 1. 1 1. a. .? .A .& *. PCCM S LENETH **N # ' I Figure 4.14 upph frequency distribution of Atlantle croaker collected by I trawl .'or high marsh.1983. '

I- 4-44

l l. 500 + . BALDHEAD CREEK

        .                                                      X = WALDEN CREEK                                         !

o - MOTT'S BAY 1

                                           'i 400 I

gI 1 l C A T i

                                       ;I 1

l 0 H300-

,i El E

i P E i g 1 i l R : ; i g 200; i 1 l E 1 I F I i , F - i l i I O ! x ! R 100 X eg i T : / gi

s g E

/ \l X h

0

                                                           *            b M pm")"A , ui, , , ,7, , , ,7. . .fn. ,i . . . . . . . ,7, , , ,7, , , ,7,Z,bi...,7...,7..

JJFFAA"JJJAAS00ND AAEA PPAUUUVUECC0E NNBRRRYNNLGGPTTVC l TRIP l Figure 4.15 Mean seine catch per unit effort of striped mullet by creek I for high marsh,1983, 4-l. 5

I I N=40 COi,LECTED 0 = NO, OF C F f Olif S I 4e-to-( N = 14

                                                                        - , II III -          Il                   fl                  E = 10 VAN     e        i                                              f]

j 4e-N = 12 ; se-c 5 l I ree e. _n

*~

po-rtJT1n nnd N =170 j MAR e --- -I - M birtlkfN1.JM h w

                                                   **~          ~                                                                      N =309 re-             L                                                                   Ea 10 i                                     gen     e- _L il
                                                   *e-re-10'             -runw N = 952 MAY     N                                                     _
                                                   **'                                                                                 N =341 P       re-            g                                                                    E-1 R JuN     O            IU   ll' -        "s t '- -

E N 4s.. " N = 03 T re- Ea 5 sul, e 'I b . n rfl

                                                   .e-                                                                                 Na 61 e o-<

E = 10 Ave o Ohn m ,,

                                                   **~                                                                                N *105 E=     5 stP     e                rf       D1, 4o-                                                                                N =120 E = 10 ocT     e                          IIhn                 _

4e- N

10 .

so-I e ov .. 4e-ffIl r1 [hRfh E= N = 27 5 re-I n ., _ MllD, _ , - ,.rw

occ e- "" #1 1 -. - r.,., 1,..,,, , ,. , ,. i a a 7 o e e e e a e I$E e o e e a e e a e o a o i $E5EI$ EPECICS LENUTH 3N NM. Figure 4.16 Length frequency dlstribution of striged inullei collected by seine for higli marsh,1983. I 4-46

e I l T + = BALOHEAD CREEK j X = WALDEN CREEK o MOTT'S 3AY g, g

       ;                                               11
                                                                                        l l.

C 250- 1 A T Ii Ii l C . I i q. g H 200- 1 i a P E I I i i l R150- 1 i g 1 i

i E

F . X l i i l F100- i g 0 1 i I R : i T . I i g 50- I i a I I k l

. . . . . . L, _A+ i...

pm7..7...,7...,7..7,,..{.i..{...7,i.,7..g....g....Ini67iIof...,7n.7...7.o7 JJFMAAHJJJAAS00ND AAEAPPAVUUVVECC0E l NNBRRRYNNLGGPTTVC TW Figure 4,17 Mean seine catch per unit effort of white mullet by creek for high marsh,19 3. I 4-47 E

I I I - N a NO. COLi t CTI D [

NO.Of LI f 0ft1S I JAN ge-re-5- * -

N. E = 10 O 48- N= 0

                     ...                                                                                                                              E.    ,

Pep m- -- --- - 40- N= 0

                     .e-E.    ,

NAM 9 - -- I Aen no-so-e - - - - N~ 0 E = 10 l HAY

                     .e-e
                                                                                                                                                      "- c E.   ,

de- N =138$ P to- _j - 3" E= 10 NsuN m: ~J - I C C k 48-so- - N . 490

g. $

sut e - ' - I g, so-

                                                                                      -                   m I
                                                                                                                                                      "- ~

E= 10

                       ,                                                                                    _] . I l                 .e.
                     .e-t_

N-E. a

           ..,         e                                                                                                     .            .

4o- - N= 5 re- - E. 10 OCT e l l l - - - g .e- N. O es- E= 5 NOV 8- - de- N- 9 re- E= 5 occ e , y _ ,. , ,__, , , _ y , 18 25 35 45 50 05 75 ON en les SPEC 2ES LCNGTH IN NN, ! I l'igure 4,18 tength frequency distribution of white mullet collectni by wine for high inarsh,1983. l 4*40

I I

    .                                                                + = D ALDHEAD CREEK
    .                                  i#

X = WALDEN CREEK o = fAOTT'S BAY 60- l} o

ALLIGATOR CREEK

                                       ,i
    .                                  ,i

!\

i I t C 50- t i A T

l 'i l

l l C . l i g H40- l l

                                 ,            i P

E l k l

                         ,,    l                1 R30-l l  's, j si (3                                                                             l
                      ,       b                   i E                     ,                             1 F      .
                    !                                i F20-                l                                   i 0                  l                                      t
      .          ,                                        i R                                                           i, T
               ' 4*                                         k                                                                   a
                        #                                                                                                       8 10-    /            j      s                                \

I s, l

         # t %he :

elg .ni..u gn .g n .g n i,3,. . .i. n . i. . n g n g o n in. .iu..ii: . n i. . r-rts i . n i . .n giin g . . JJFMAAHJJJAAS00ND AAEAPPAUUUUUECC0E l NNBRRRYHNLGGPTTVC TRIP Figure 4,19 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of flounder by creek for high marsh,1983. I 4-49 g

I - I I N = NO. COLLECT E D E = NO. 0F E F FORTS I 4a-

**~

N =110 E = 42 JAN 0- ,

**~

N =210 re- - E = 21 I , l , __ ,_

                "~                                                                                                N =207 to-

[- ] E = 21 I man e

**~

r-N = 510 h, E = 42 I gpg f-

                **~                                                                                               N = 123 re-1 r,_.                                                                          E = 21
         ..y     e       -

g '"~ N = 80 e re-E = 42 I isun 0 6' Y e-ue-r7- 'T Tt-r1-rr L

                                            ~
                                                                                         ,.3 N.                      o
         .       e-               ITil             _                                                  n           E = 21
                **-                                                                                               N=                       1 co-                                            -

g .ee e o m on e - 42 48- N= 0 re-E = 21 sCr a - re-E

42 l oc7 e-I< **~

N= 7 re-E = 21 g nov e 48- N= 5 l g _ *:- T- r,m-n r , nnn

                                                  ,      ,     ,  , ,~,          1 - ,       , ,

n , .1

                                                                                                                  '-2' r

l - l 1 % 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I a a 4 s a 7 e o e 1 a s 4 m a 7 e e e o e a e a e e a e a e e a e e e e SPECICS LCNWTH IN MM, Figure 4,20 Length frequency distribution of flounder collected by trawl for high marsh,1983. 4-50

I I 250- + = BALDHEAD CREEK

           .                                                                                                                          X = WALDEN CREEK
           -                                                                                                                          a = MOTT'S BAY
                                                                                                     )                                o = ALLIGATOR CREEK

ji 200 I

I t l C A

            !                                                                                    g
                                                                                                  '\     I                                                                       l T                                                                                                        t I

C : i g I m H150i , 1 l 1 I P i I E I R

\ B ggg I \ E

I \

E F i I

                                                                                              ;                        k                                                          I F
                                                                                                                         \

l l 0 : ,

                                                                                              ,                            g R 50-         .                                                                            ,                              g T                                                                                          ,                                g g
                                                                                                                                \

I k

                                                                                                                                    /          s g

I 01

                                                                  "                     -'             '        '       b                 "&""
                        - "...."...."i m i.... ....i.... ....i....i m m m .i....i....i...,3 ...,,,,,,

i....i.... JJFMAAHJJ JAAS00ND AAEAPPAUUUVUECC0E NNBRRRYHNLGGPTTVC l TRIP l Figure 4.21 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of brown shrimp by creek I for high marsh,1983. I 1

                                                                                                            *_..m_ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ , , _ _ _ _ . _ , _ . _ _ _

I I N = NO. COL t.ECT E D E = NO. OF LFiOlliS N= 0 I UAN 4.- Lo-e- ., E = 42 I Fra 4e-ta-e N= E 0 21 I

nan

**~

ea-a- . N= 0 I

                                            **~                                                                                            N=     0
                                           **~                                                                                             g . 42 APR    2
                                                                        ~
                                           **~                                                                                             N = 11
                                           '"~                     ~

E = 21 NAY 3 I g n sua

'"~

to-m- 1 i ' 11il I l TiiiT7-T s. ft = 4165 E= 42 C I " Y s%

**~

to-

                                                                                                    -MT 1 I I F1-,

N =1015 E= 21 I tuo

'"~

re-e - M i l i FT-"1-N=382

                                                                                                                                              *4
                                           **~                                                                                             N. g i                                         no-q      E = 21 sim    a                         MII I I I I O.
                                           **~                                                                                             N=     9 OCT                                                                     b
                                           **~                                                                                             N = .17 l-                                                                                      ,_

_ :- n- w e 2i j 4.-

'"~

N. E = 21 2 Occ a T* . I i - . - -- t :"* - , i - , , ., , , 7 8 9 3 4 e 7 a g l 2 3 4 b

                                                 =   =                   .            C.     .              .     .o  .     .          .   .

I SPECIts LgHgTH IN NM, 'I Figure 4.22 length frequency distribution of brown shrimp collected by trawl for high marsh,1983, I. 4-52

l l i1 Ii ie0- 1

                   + = BALDHEAD CREEK                                               k Xa WALDEN CREEK                                                   I

o = MOTT'S BAY .

l o = ALLIGATOR CREEK (l 80-l t C i A : L T : l1 g C l H60j ' I P l E 7 R $

q. \

E

k F : i

{ F 0

           !                                                                                        1                     l '

/ E R 20-8 T

,X ,f' k E I,)f - x \,t g/

i i 5 0- M "*"^ g,,,,,,,,,i..[{,,,,{,,,,{,,,',{...{r.,,{i,{..,{rr,,{.......i.rgi..i,,,i...i.i.,i JJFMAAHJJJAAS00ND E AAEAPPAUVUVUECC0E E NNBRRRYNNL6GPTTVC TRIP I Figure 4,23 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of pink shrimp by creek I for high manh,1983, 4-53 l E?

I I N = NO. COLT.ECTED E = NO. 0F EFFORTS

       .,.                                                                                    N. ,,

I JAN O

7 f T~1~ (~~l E = 42 4.. N = 10

to- _ E = 21 FCa a 4a- - N= 7 g a._ _

                                                    ,                                         E = 2, MAR   O                                                      ~
       <a-                                                                                    N= 11
                                                       -~

as- E = 42 APR 9

       ,,,.                                                                                   N=     3
                                                                  ~

as. E = 21 NAY 9 N= 0

*~

k Cl l l l b nn . C c I 4e- - H N=29 T as- m - l t 1 I I I n E = 21 4e- N = 171 aa- ~~ E = 42 Aus e 4e. N = 101 as- . E = 21

   ,,   ,,   _          l l 1 I i i I                                                                                              N=3%

4,_ as- - E = 42 OCT e [ T- - I 4o- N =254 as-g E = 21 Nov a 4a-- N =222 to- E = 21 a= a. . . < . . . . . , , , , I to ta sa 4a sa em 7e SPCCICS LENGTN IN NN. es sa les Ita taa I Figure 4,24 Length frequency distribution of pink shrimp collected by I trawl for high raarsh,1983, 4-54

I E

         .                                                                         + = BALDHEAD CREEK             l 3

Y X = WALDEN CREEK g o MOTT'S BAY r o - ALLIG ATOR CREEK 11

11 3 70- 1I E

C : iI A : II l' T60- 11 C : 11 I g, H : 1 P 50-l 1 1 i I l E : 1 R40; 1 I I I l> E : 1 1 g F30- 1 I s F : 1 I 0 : l I l, R 20- 1 I ., T : 1 I g X i

1A s l 10- 1/\,gK l : }l 't

                                                                                       hdb, g                   a p        ,_, _ .
                              . . . . . .C L ,                                  ;

E

i y .... ....i....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,i,,,,,,,,,i...ri....i....i.. g m .i.... ....i....i....i JJFMAAHJJJAAS00ND g l AAEAPPAUVUVUECC0E B l NNBRRRYNNL9GPTT yC l 8 TRIP E

Figure 4.25 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of white shrimp by creek for high marsh,1983. 4-55 l I

I I I N = NO. COLLECTED E = NO.OF EFFORTS 4e N= 0 ED~ C , 42 JAN e . I 4e-

**~

N= E 0 re e - . ~ 21 I ' 4a-N= E = 21 0

       ~      .

I 4m-N= E " 42 0 APR a I ,,, N. O t4AY e I e 4a-

"*~

N= E = 42 0 n aun . I E N 4,,

                                                                                                                                     , y3
       "

r.- ,

4e-am-

                          #1         i E = 42 Aus    a                                            a-I             4a-
            #*~

N =102

              *              '                                C1     I i        ~~

E = 21 I

                                                                              ~    . _ . .

4a-N = 23 an-

                                             ' 8  iTD i , , 17                                                                     E = 42 I'            4a-es-N=     8
       ""

O O E = 21 4e- N. 3

            **~                           v           -

E= 21 l e-I Dec e a e a $ hf sPcczen n.cnarn zu un, Figure 4,26 Length frequency dhtribution of white si"in1P collected by inwl for high rnarsh,1983, I 4-56

I I

                                              '                                                                              g                             + = BALDHrAD CREEK X = WALDEN CREEK I
                                                                                                                                }                          aa MOTT'S B AY                    g
                                           $@~                                                                                                             o - ALLIGATOR CREEK               g
                                              .                                                                                  1 9

xKI ' t C 25- / ! I A

                                                                           /                                                           ;

T I

                                                                      '                          ',                                    \

l f ~z C H20-7

                                                                    ,                              g
                                                                                                                /
                                                                                                                  /     g g
                                                                                                                                                                     ,l l

g g l P . I ; I

                                                                                                                          \                \b                              j
                                                                                                                                                  \

l E - 1 ; I R 15-

                                                 -             )                                       ;I                    ;

ll \ y t , , I I

                                                  .                                                                            s                      \                         l F 10-                                                          k                    It'          s
                                                                                                                                                       \
                                                                                                                           ,I              ',i          ks O

p '

                                                                                                                                                            .                ll,I 's R                                                                                                                                  j, i,      Af                              ,      ,

k ,! /

                                                                                                                                                                  ~I g
                                                                %* '&18                                                                                                            j g:

i........................i....i........i.......m.oi....i....inmn..i....i..... 8 l JJFMAAHJJJAAS00ND g AAEAPPAUUUUUECC0E N N-B R R R Y N N L G G P T T V C TRIP Figure 4.27 Mean trawl catch per unit effort of blue crab by creek I Ior high marsh,1983, 4-57 l _.-__._m __ ____. . _ ._._. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . n' s

I N . NO. COLLE CTE D E = NO.Or EFFORTS I 4e-

                             ~_                                                      N=388 es-
             ,g      ,          lihm          -

E = 42 I 40-N .309 me-f TITT1 h - F. = 21

                  ,p                                                                 N =294 I              n e-MITTTEG1'lTrih- -

E

21 xAn e_ .---

I 4e-N =347 e n-ITfTtTrnTrinTTT111T12,.c- E = 42 Arm _ 4e-N =291

  -I              e n-TTn ndTTHTThf11h - -                                E=21 4e-                                                                N = t,61 I'    e T

r4 .JUN re-

                    -                 i I f DATTnDTE23--                             E = 42 I     $

I r

             .AA.

4a-en-M Iril n rtIfirfn ,rrrw i- m - N = 204 E = 21 I 4 i N

284 a s-rnfTTTi~l TTVrfH I I I I i TT14%~ E= 42 Aue I act.

40-en-e fflh rtefT"l M IlflTI'L" w h N=87 E = 21 I ocT 4e-n o- _ ,_ _n m ,nTTT1I1TL-n, . N = 197 E 42 I M)V 4, g e- [lh J inrTfte %- - N =190 E = 21 I Occ

- Q%. ", , ", 1-'r*T*T* r*v i . i N = 220 E = 21 l

F m *T - ci , , , , I i 1 1 1 1 I l i t 22

                             *23 4Ee7eae4 ae4 me7 eae a

,i eaeaeeaeeaeaeaeaeeaeae SPECICS L ENETH IN HN. LI Figure 4.28 Length frequency distribution of bloc crab entheted by trawl I for high rnarsh 1983 i 4-58

I I seecas tese - g 108 - g ta - 17

-*=:- e--n-e-e-e-:

e : : , . le0J - 120 -

I e 2---+ - *- :

                                  - /N, j- -                                                           a 1000 -

106 - c co . t- ./%h. -

                                                                                                    -- t H

1000 - P E tea - R g to - j 94 F0 0 --* -- : " O: : '- F 0 1980 - R T lEfl

                                                                        .      M iaea -                                                                                                     a tea    -
          ~

I' 12 e : : : :-+ - -

                                                                                  - --* = :      :- :

1000 - 100 -

           -    s    :                                                                   ---:

E i i i i i i i . . . . . . . . . . . . d d F H A A N d d d A A S 0 0 N D A A E A P P A U U U U U E C C O E N N D R R R Y N N L 0 0 P T T V c TRD Figure 4.29 Mean high marsh trawl catch per unit effort of bay anchon I by station for 11aldhead Creek,1983. 4-59

I I I l0000-I 1-- 100

I 10 -

e - t-+ = -- -- ; -:-e-e_e-e-1000 - 100 - 10 -

                                                                                                                 ,                             25

c. . __ . _ . _._._. ,_ _s, T

C H 1000 - V C 100 - R 1 C 10 - r Eo - - ._. _.-._ ~ a _ 4 . _. _._ ._. - -_._. _ 22 ! Y 1000 - 100 - i _s .a ~* ~ s 10 1000 - lI 100 - ---+ - . _ 10 - g . . -4_ .l g J d F M A A H J J J A A S 0 0 N D A A C A P P A U U U u U C C C 0 C N N D R R R Y H N L G U P T T V C TRIP 'I Figure 4,30 Mean high marsh seine catch per unit effort of Atlantic I siherside by statien for llaldhead Creek, Wakien Creek, and Mott's liny,1983, 4-60 l

I I secom-I iese -

    ,.e   -                                                                                                      g

: :A; -

    .... -                                                                                                       g i.. .
            ~
                             .     / \.
                                                                           .     .            b.

4 27 ies - w- -: : 4 : - . . ines -

c '** 25 ff . I inee - 5i..- ~ y 24 _ _ _,-8 Jy _

                         .          .                                                 .    .    .                E 5

gi...- NA/* [/ , 29

    ,eee -

tea - g

i. - 23 5 e : : -- -

:^- :

g sees - ies - 3 m ra l

i. -

L, .-

=,

N

                                                                                            ,      ,     , v 23 l

NIEE$$"ddd00EEEo N N e R R R Y N N 3 EP T T v C TR%P I Figure 4.31 Mean high marsh trawl catch per unit effort of bay anchovy by station for Walden Creek,1983. 4-61 I

i I 5.0 NEKTON 5.1 Introduction This portion of the study program nonitors long-term changes in the juvenile and adult populations of nektonic organisms in the CFE. The program uses catch per unit effort (CPUE) and length-frequency data to provide a measure o' these changes. The major objectives of this program were to determine the relative seasonal abundance, species composition, and size distribution of the juvenile and adult fish and shellfish in the The results of the 1983 nekton monitoring program were compared to I CFE. data collected from 1979 through 1982 to ascertain long-term trends in species composition, abundance, and size dit,tribution. 5.2 Methods I Fourteen stations were sampled in the CFE. These stations utended from the freshwater drainage canal, approximately 3.4 km west of South-port, to Alligator Creek, approximately 0.6 km east of the Brunswick River (Figure 1.2). Three new stations were added in 1983 to the 1982 nekton program. I Station 14 was added to enhance our understanding of the distribution of organisms in and around Snow's Cut. It is located in the Intracoastal Waterway Channel on the north side of Snots Cut at Intracoastal Marker 10. Stations 15 and 16 were added to better document the distribution of organisms in the upriver areas of the CFE. Station 15 is located just southwest of River Buoy 49 in shallow water, while Station 16 is located just southwest of River Buoy 51 in shallow water. A brief summary of sampling stations is listed in the following table I in downstream to upstream order: I I l 5-1

s Station ~ Location Relative Depth I 1 f reshwater Drainage Canal Deep 2 Last of Buoy 18 Shallow 4 West of Buoy 19 (outside diversion) Deep 6 Intate Canal (inside diversion) Deep 13 Canal Bend (in intake canal) Deep 5 Plant (in front of screens) Deep ) 7 8 Walden Creek West of Buoy 23 Deep Shallow 10 $now's Cut South Deep l I 14 Snow's Cut 140rth Deep 11 East of Buoy 42 Shallow 15 Southwest of Buoy 49 Shallow 16 Southwest of Buoy 51 Shallow 12 Alligator Crect Deep Salinity and temperature measurements were taken at the surf ace and bottom each tiine a station was visited (CP&L 1962). Trawl samples consisted of fish and shellfish captured in a five-l I minute tow. Samples were sorted by species, enumerated, and weighed to the nearest gram. Up to 50 lengthr of each size group from each sample of the dominant and/or coanercially important species were recorded to the l nearest millimeter. A length range was recorded for all other measurable species. Large samples were subsampled. Detailed descriptior.s of sam-pling methods, sampling stations, and gear can be found in CPal (1982, 1983). Plots of the Cput of selected species were used to examine temporal distribution. Length-frequency figures were examined to determine periods of recruit. vent and growth. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS to examine the spatial and temporal variability of the selected species. Since the stations sampled changed from 1979 to 1983, the analysis was tailored to the stations available for comparison during tt.e years exam-ined. Log (CPUE + 1) was used in all analysis. Young-of-the-year indi-viduals were all Age O specinens recruited in the respective calendar l year. Juveniles and adults were lumped together and included all other

       !   individuals.

1 5-2

i On IJovember 15, 1982, the constructior, of a diversion structure across the BSEP intake canal was completed. In early 1983 problems with the fabrication of some of the structure's components were discovered that allowed for biofouling of the structure's screens to the extent that some screen failure occurred. This problem was remedied by flovember 1983. Although thc structure could not be considered 100 percent operable during 1983, intensive maintenance efforts ensured that only a minimum number of fish and shellfish passed through the structure during periods of screen failure. For this reason November 15, 1982, is considered as the date that the fish diversion structure became operational and af ter which the effectiveness of the structure was evaluated. The evaluation was based on the catches at Stations 4 (outside the structure) and 5, 6, and 13 (inside the structure) for a period of 24 months (12 before operation and 12 after operation). Plots of log (CPUE + 1) and length frequencies by trip and station of selected species were examined. Paired t-testr were performed l by station for selectcd species to test differences between the periods before and af ter the diversion structure was operational. Analycis of covarience was also performed to examine station differences with catches adjusted for preoperational levels. The log (CPUE + 1) was used in all analyses. Tests were made at the 0.05 significance level. Selected species were menhaden, spot, and croaker since these were I the commercially important finfish species caught in relatively high 5 g number by the small trawl . Only the juveniles and adults of the selected species were examined because young-of-the-year fish could move through the 10-mm mesh screens of the diversion structure (CP&L 1980b). 5.3 Results and Discussion 5.3.1 Total Organisms During 1983, 448 small trawl efforts captured 238,372 organisms of which 91 percent were finfish and 9 percent were nonfinfish (Table 5.1). Ninety-three species of finfish and eighteen species of nonfinfish were collected. I 5-3 g

 ~,.m r       -              - -                     .-                                -
                                                                                                                                                             . . . . .. ~ . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -...._....-..n

I Bay anchovy, spot, croaker, menhaden, and weatfish have historically been the top five speciet of finfish collected in the small trawl. This remained true in 1983, although the bay anchovy became the third most abundant fish behind croaker and <. pot (Table 5.2). I 1he catch of nonfinfish remained much the same except for pir.k shrimp and brief squid (Table 5.3). I The catch of pink shrinp dropped from 1,155 in 1982 to 362 in 1983, whereas the catch of brief squid rose from 193 to 1,269 (Table 5.2. Cp8L I N3). Catches were generally higher during the spring months (Figure 5.1). This was due to the relatively higher catches of young-ot the-year croaker and spot. These periods of abundance were somewhat different from the average of previous years in which catches remained fairly constant throughout the year. I The following table presents the mean log (CpVE + 1) of total organ-isms for each station during 1983: Station 1 5 13 4 10 14 6 Log (CPUE + 1) 2.78 2.65 2.42 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.28 Station 7 11 12 2 8 16 15 Log (CPUE + 1) 2.04 1.96 1.89 1.78 1.66 1.62 1.54 I Stations 1, 5, and 13 generally had higher catches than the other stations during most of the year. This is consistent with data from last year (CP&L 1983). Lower catches occurred at Stations 2, 8,16, and 15. The following table shows that the catch of total organi3ms in 1983 was similar to the total catch in previous years, except for 1982 which was slightly higher. These values include Stations 1 and 4 through 8 since only these stations were sampled during all five years. I I 5-4

I Year Log (CPUE+1) 1982 2.37 1983 2.28 1981 2.26 1979 2.26 1980 2.25 5.3.2 Species Accounts Henhaden A total of 1,686 menhaden was caught in 1983. Menhaden again ranked fourth in abundance as in all previous years combined (Tables 5.1 and 5.2). l Menhaden were present in the trawl Satch during most of the year but were most abundant during the months of ; uary through April and again in December (Figure 5.2). The trawl catches cbring the period January through E April consisted of both young-of-the-year and juvenile and adult fish. 5 The young-of-the-year fish were new recruits to the estuary and were moving toward the nursery areas. The juvenile and adult fish comprised the ma-jority of the catch. Their abundance peaked during March. l 8 Young-of-the-year recruits were first captured by the trawl during E January at 30 m. By the time they began seeking deeper watar in Decem-ber, some individuals had attained a modal length of 85 m (Figure 5.3). The following table presents the mean log (CPUE + 1) by station of juvenile and adult menhaden in decreasing order of abundance during 1983: I Station 10 14 4 1 7 5 11 Log (CPUE + 1) 0.86 0.59 0.52 0.40 0.26 0.24 0.22 l Station 2 15 16 8 6 12 13 g L'og (CPUE + 1) 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.00 0.00 I 5-5 s

I I The data show that juvenile and adult menhaden in 1983 exhibited a pref erence of deeper channel-like stations as seen in previous years; i.e., I $tations 10, 14, 4, and 1 (CP&L 1983). The catches at Stations 6, 6, and 13 (intake canal stations) declined. This decrease was probably due to the effectiveness of the diversion structure which p evented large numbers of juvenile and adult menhaden f rom entering the intake canal. A more detailed examination of the ef fcctiveness of the diversion structure is presented later in this section. E The 1983 CPUE of 4 was down f ro,n the 1982 catch CPUL of 16 (Table 5.1, CP&L 1983). This may be due in part to the decreased catch at the intate stations. However, other stations in the CfE also eKhibited decreased catches. Stations 4, 7, and 1 decreased f rom 1.27 to 0.52, 0.80 to 0.26, I and 0.56 to 0.40, respectively (CP&L 1983). Snow's Cut (Station 10) was the only station at which the catch remained about the same. B_ay _ Anchovy _ I During 1983, 44,257 bay anchovies were collected by the small trawl and they ranked third in abundance (Tables 5.1 and 5.2). The 1983 catch I of bay anchovy (CPUE of 99) was down from the 1982 catch (CPUE of 129) (Table 5.1, CP&L 1983). Day anchovies were present in the trawl catch throughout the year (figure 5.4). The number of adults from the previous year's spawn started declining in July and had completely disappeared by September. Young-of-the-year first appeared in July and exhibited two peaks of abundance seen in all previous years except for 1982 (CP&L 1983). Attempts to relate this phenomenon 9 water temperature and salinity data have failed. Addi-I tionally, length-frequency distributions showed that this second peak of abundance of young-of-the-year individuals was not caused by new recruits I (figure 5.5). Recruits first showed up in the trawl at 2%40 mm during July (figure 5.5). Rapid growth occurred from August to October at which time some l individuals had reached 70 nn. ll 5-6

I I The following table presents mean log (CPUE + 1) values for each station by size class: Young-of-the-Year Individuals I Station 1 5 4 14 11 16 7 Log (CPUE + 1) 1.80 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.13 0.89 0.86 Station 10 15 12 8 13 6 2 Log (CPUE + 1) 0.85 0.81 0a 0.63 0.58 0.36 0.22 5W Adults I Station 1 13 4 f 6 2 8 tog (CPUE +1 ) 1.65 1.59 1.33 1.24 1.17 1.03 1.02 Station 10 11 14 7 15 16 12 Log (CPUE + 1) 0.77 0.69 0.55 0.46 0.44 0.39 0.02 Comparisons to last year's catch by station show that there was variation in catch by statior. from year to year. The general trend was for young-of-the-year individuals to be distributed throu(bout the river with older fish more abundant in the lower river areas. Weakfish During 1983 a total of 1.577 weakfish was caught. Weakfish ranked fifth in abundance--the same as the average of previous years (Table $.1 and 5.2). The CPUE of weakfish in 1983 was four which was down from the 1982 CPUE of nine (Table 5.1, CP&L 1983). As with previous years, weak-fish were present in the trawl .stch throughout the summer, fall , and h winter months with their peak abundance occurring in July (Figure 5.6). I I 5-7 a_

                      - - - - -       - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                 .              , , , , , , , . . . m  .m mg _

l Length-frequency distributions show that the majority of the fish caught were young.of-the-year that were first recruited to the catch in June at 15 to 50 nn (figure 5.7). I Recruitment continued through August with a period of rapid growth occurring from midsumer to October at which time some individuals had attained a length of 165 nn. The few fish l caught in January and February were older fish. Larger fish, because of their swimming ab'lity, were not caught effectively by the small trawl. I The catch by station for young-of-the-year weakfish is presented in the following tabic: Station 5 14 4 1 10 S 13 l Log (CPUE + 1) 0.78 0.61 0.45 0.45 0.37 0.29 0.29 Station 12 7 15 16 2 11 8 Log (CpVE + 1) 0.22 0.16 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 Young-of-the-year weakfish migrated into deeper areas with larger catches occurring upriver os far as the north end of Snow's Cut (Station i 14). The overall higher river salinities during the peak period of weak-fish abundance in 1983 as opposed to 1982 allowed movement of weakfish further upriver into Alligator Creek (Station 12) (Figure 2.3). Spot I Spot ranked second in abundance in 1983 with 58,238 individuals col-I lected (Tables 5.1 and 5.2). The overall spot catch increased fron. . PUE of 119 in 1982 to 130 in 1983. Figure 5.8 shows that spot were present in the trawl catch year round but displayed the typical peaks of abundance of February through June that were seen in previous years. The January catch was dominated by juveniles and adults 85 to 100 m in icngth (Figure 5.9). By early February catches of young-of-the-year spot (15 to 25 m) had increased and were dominating the catch by late February. Older juveniles and adnits were moving to deeper water at this time and were essentially absent from the t, awl catch by May. Catches peaked in March and April, and the catch of young-Of-the-year fish decreased by September and October. The trawl catch increased I 5-8

         ~         --------,i---     --,_.____y,     _ , . . .

I-I by early December as larger young of-the-year fish were collected. Growth of the young-of-the-year individuals occurred from May (modal length of 25 mm) to September (modal length of 70 m) (Figure 5.9). The following tables present the mean log (CPUE + 1) for both young- g of-the-year and juveniles and adu'.ti: E Young-of-the-Year Individuals 13 6 4 7 14 Station 5 1 Log (CPUE + 1) 1.62 1.56 1.45 1.10 0.85 0.73 0.67 8 15 1C 12 Station 10 11 2 Log (CPt'E + 1) 0.65 0.63 0.02 0.46 0.36 0.23 0.18 Juveniles and Adults I 10 5 station 1 4 2 14 7 Log (CPUC + 1) 0.94 0.75 0.64 0.62 0.50 0.48 0.41 l 8 16 15 12 Station 13 6 11 Log (CPUE + 1) 0.40 0.36 0.31 0.26 0.20 0.19 0.00 The pattern for young-of-the-year spot was similar to that shown in 1982. The catches during peak recruitment at the upriver stations were relatively low as compared to 1981 when the average river salinity was somewhat higher during the period of peak recruitment (Figure 2.3, CP&L 1982). l The juvenile and adult catch by station exhibited the same general pattern except for the catches at Stations 5, 6, and 13 (inside the diver-sion structure). The catches at Stations 5, 6, and 13 in 1982 were second only to the catch at Station 1 and ranged from a value of 0.62 at Station 13 to 0.71 at Station 5 (CP&L 1983). The 1982 catch at Station 4 (outside the diversion structure) was slightly less than that at Station 5 (inside the diversion structure). The catch at Station 4 was much larger than I 5-9 I

I that at Statf or' 5 during 1983. This decrease in catch inside the diver-sion structure can probably be attributed to the success of the diversion structure at preventing the larger spot from entering the intako canal. Croaker A total of 106,394 croaker was collected in the small trawl during 1983 making croaP.er the most abundant fisn collected (Tat,les 5.1 and 5.2). The CPUE of croaker increased from 68 in 1982 to 237 in 1983 (Tabie 5.1, I CP&L 1983). Croaker were present in the trawl catch most of the year wiin young-of-the-year being *he dominate size class (Figure 5.10). The catch of Juvenile and adult croaker peaked in April and May but was down consider-l abiy from the average of previous years. The 1983 cutch of young-of-the-year croaker was the highest recorded with mean log (CPUE + 1) values as follows: 1983 = 1.F.1979 = 0.94,1932 = 0.86,1980 = 0.86, and 1981 = 0.48. I The young-of-the-year recruits during January had a modal length of 15 m and were a continuation of the recruitment period that began in September of 1982 (Figure 5.11, CP&L 1983). Recruitment to the trewl ceast.d in flay. In November a new year class was collected in the small trawl samples. A period of growth was seen from April through October with modal length increasing from 15 to 105 m (Figure 5.11). I The following table presents the mean log (CPUE + 1) catch values for young-of-the-year croaker by station: I Station 1 5 13 14 10 6 4 Log (CPUE + 1) 1.87 1.77 1.67 1.64 1.58 1.E4 1.26 Station 11 16 15 2 7- 12 8 Log (CPUE + 1) 1.17 0.77 0.74 0.74 0.71 0.63 0.35 l lI 5-10

P The catch by station of young-of-the-year croaker was similar to the catches during 1982 (Cpal 1983). One deviation, however, was the lower catch at Alligator Creek (Station 12). Lower salinities during the peak period of recruitment (April and May) probably led to this decline in catch at that station (Figure 2.3). The catch at Stetion 14 (Snow's Cut north) was the f e,urth highest. This is a deeper channel station and is most likely pre f erred habitat (Copeland et al .1979) . The mean log (CPUE + 1) by station for juvenile and adult croaker is shown in the following table: Station 14 1 4 10 5 2 7 Log (CPUE + 1) 0.49 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.27 0.17 Station 13 8 11 12 6 15 16 Log (CPUE + 1) 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 This pattern of distribution is similar to that seen in previous years; i.e., preference by the larger croaker for the higher scline areas (CP&L 1982). A deviation from last year's catch, however, was the lower catch at Station 5 wa the other intake canal stations. Station 5 haa the third highest cat.. L e82 (CP&L 1983), but the catch dropped to fif th during 1983. This it probably due to the effectiveness of the diversion structure. g E Mullet Mullet vere collected in relativei,, small numbers during 1983 (Table 5.1). These small numbers preclude any meaningful comparisons. This low I catch of mullet also occurred in previous years and was probably due to N tnc inefficiency of the trawi at catching these species (CP&L 1983) . Approximctely 98 percent of the mullet collected were stripe / :ullet and the other 2 percent were white mullet. Flounder Six hundred and twenty-cue individuals of the commercial species of fl~,ander were caught in 1983 (Table F.1). Southern flounder ccmprised 85 , percent of tne catch and ranked sNenth in abundance (Table 5.2). Most 5-11 E

fs c ,{- individuals were young-of-the-year collected during March, April, and May (Figure 5.12). Due to the low number caught, no station comparisons or I - length-frequency analysis were done. The catch in 1983 was similar to tne average of previous years (Figure 5.12). Other Finfish In addition t the commercially -* ecreationally important species, four other species were among th" *. 1ost abur.dJnt fish caught during 1983 (Table 5.2) . HoguioKer, blackcheek tonguefi sh, spotted hake, and silver perch ranked 6th, 8th, 9th, and 10th, respectively. Nonfinfish This group includes decapod crustaceans, mollusk:. and reptiles. The six most abundant species in this group during 1983 were grass shrimp, brown shrimp. white shrimp, blue crab, brief squid, and hardback shrimp (Table 5.3). I The discussion of this group will F restricted to the cc>mmercially important species of the family Penaeidae (brown, pink, and white shrimp) I. - and blue crab. Brown Shrimp Brown shrimp was the second most abundant nonfinfish caught in 1983 (Table 5.3). Their period of abundance occurred from late May to early September with a peak in June (Figure 5.13). The overall CPUE of brown shrimp dropped frcT 18 in 1982 to 11 in 1983 (CP&L 1983, Table 5.1). Recruits were firs t collected in May at a modal length of 45 m (Figure 5.14). A period of rapid growth occurred from June through I September at which time the modal length was 130 m. A second period of recruitment was seen beginning in September, but the catch was relatively low. The periods of abundance and recruitment in 1983 were generally the same as the average of previous years. I - 5-12

I Station 5 again had the largest catch of brown shrimp (mean log CPUE of 0.92) during - 1983. Stations 13, 1, 6, 14, 4, 7, and 12 had mean log CPUE values ranging from 0.68 to 0.42. Stations 10, 16, 11, 15, 8, and 2 all had catch values ranging from 0.34 to 0.01. These distributions indicated a preference for the deeper stations. A drop in river selinity in June probably prevented most shrimp from being found at the upriver shallow stations (11, 15, and 16) (Figure 2.3). Gradually increasing salinity during the latter part of the summer may have allowed brown shrimp to move into Alligator Creek (Station 12) (F ipre 2.3). Pink Shrimp A total of 362 pink shrimp was collected in IP3 which was a decrease from 1,155 collected in 1982 (Table 5.1, CP&L 1983). The CPUE of pink shrimp decreased from three during 1982 to one during 1983 (Table 5.1, CP&L 1983). Periods of abundance occurred in February and then again in late August through December (Figure 5.15). The pink shrimp in February con-sisted of adults that overwintered from the previous fall. The pink g shrimp catch beginning in August consisted of recruits entering the E estuary during the summer (Figure 5.16). 3 The mean log (CPUE + 1) by station for pink shrimp are presented in the following table: Station 1 12 13 14 4 5 7 E Log (CPUE + 1) 0.27 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.16 0. '. 5 0.11 3 Station 2 6 10 8 16 11 15 Log (CPUE + 1) 0.10 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 The data show that pink shrimp were found at most of the deeper chan-nel stations (1,12,13,14, 4, and 5). Also, higher salinities during the fall of 1983 may have influenced the catch at Alligator Creek (Station 12). I 5-13 l

4 I ? White Shrimp A total of 3,632 white shrimp was collected in 1983 (Table 5.1) . White shrimp was the third most abundant nonfinfish species caught in 1983 (Tabic 5.3). The CPUE of white shririp was 12 in 1982 (CP&L 1983). The CPUE declined to 8,in 1983 (Table 5.1). The period of abundance occurred from July through December with a peak in September (Figure 5.17 ) . A small number of individuals caught from January through May were overwintering shrimp from the previous season. White shrimp were first recruited at i. modal length of about 40 m in July (Figure 5.18) . A period of rapid growth occurred from July through ,r September with modal length increasing to about 110 m. The catch of white shrimp by station is presented in the following table: Station 12 5 1 14 10 4 16 Log (CPUE +1 ) 1.54 1.18 0.57 0.51 0.47 0.31 0.21

   !         Station                 6      11     13       7                     15              8          2 Log (CPUE + 1)        0.15    0.15   0.14    0.13         0.12                     0.12       0.07 This general pattern of abundance was the same as was seen for most previous years. White shrimp were found most of ten in the deeper sta-tions; however, changes in salinity seem to influence their distributions (CP&L 1983). High salinities during the summer and fall of 1983 probably enhanced the white shrimp distribution upriver such that Alligator Creek (Station 12) had the highest catch of white shrimp (Figure 2.3).

Other factors, such as commerical fishing, also influenced the dis-tribution and abundance of this and other commercial species. Commercial shrimping is not allowed north of Snow's Cut, but heavy fishing in the lower river may have had an impact on shrimp populations. 5-14

I! Blue Crab l Two species of portunid crab made up the blue crab catch in the small trawls for 1983. The most abundant was the blue crab and the other was the lesser blue crab (Table 5.1). In 1983 a total of 1,850 crabs was l caught of which 91 percent were the blue crab. Because of this, only blue crab will be discussed. No yearly comparisons will be made since crabs were only identified to genus prior to 1983. Blue crabs were present in the trawl catches year round but were most abundant from February through July (Figure 5.19), although the catches decreased during March and June. These changes in catch may relate to decreases in salinity in the middle and upper CFE during these months (Figures 2.2 and 2.3). The following table lists the mean lug (CPUE + 1) by station of the blue crab for 1983: Station 14 6 10 4 7 11 5 Log (CPUE + 1) 1.02 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.45 Station 8 13 16 15 12 2 1 I Log (CPUE + 1) 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.33 6.27 0.24 This table shows that the catch .f blue ;rabs was generally higher in the vicinity of Snow's Cut (Stations 10 and 14) and the Mott's Bay area (Station 11), except fer Stations 6 and 4 which are both deep stations similar to the stations at Snow's Lut. S.3.3 Diversion Structure Study , Menhaden The following table presents the results of the statistical analysis of juvenile and adult menhaden by station during the periods before and af ter the diversion structure was operational: I 5-15 g

r Nonoperational Operational Station Log CPUE log CPUE t-value Prob > l t l 4 0.702 0.277 2.16 0.035 5 0.424 0.127 2.59 0.012 I 6 13 0.435 0.392 0.037 0.000 3.31 3.42 0.002 0.001 Analysis of Covariance Contrast Adjusted for Covariate Prob > F Inside vs. outside 0.001 Station 5 vs. average of Stations 6 and 13 0.122 I Station 6 vs. Station 13 0.637 The catch of juvenile and adult menhaden during the period when the Jiversion structure was operational was significantly lower at all sta-tions than the period when the diversion structure was nonoperational. I This in part reflects the overall decrease in catch of juvenile and adult menhaden seen in the CFE (see menhaden, Section 5.3.2). However, catches of juvenile and adult menhaden were significantly lower insioe the intake canal than outside the diversion structure during tha period when the diversion structure was operational. Juvenile and adult menheden first appeared in December of 1981 at Station 4 before the diversion structure was operatiorial (Figure 5.20). By January the juvenile and adult fish

  .g    were collected at Stations 6, 13, and 5.      Juvenile and adult fish were 3   first collected at Statiens 4 and 6 in January after the diversion struc-ture became operational.      These fish were collected inside the intake canal during February in relatively high numbers only at Station 5. Very few fish were caught at Station 6 and none at Station 13.        Catches of juvenile and adult menhaden at Station 5 during February of 1983 exhibited I   a modal length of 95 mm (Figure 5.21). It appears that some individuals were able to enter the canal either through damaged screens or one of the tidal creeks intersecting the intake canal.      A crab fence across these creeks was in poor condition, and it is conceivable that fish could have moved through these creeks during high tides (CP&L 1980b). Despite this
  'I-   influx, the diversion structure was still effective at slowing the move-ment of juveniles and adults into the canal as eviuenced by lower catches at the canal stations as opposed to the catch at Station 4.        The crab fence will be improved during 1984.

I 5-16

w- - - , - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - _ _ . _ _ _ , _ - _ _ _ I i l Spot j The mean CPUE and the' results of the statistical analysis for juve-nile End adult spot by station during the period before and after the diversion structure was operational are presented in the following table: - l Nonoperational Operational Station Log CPUE log CPUE t-velue Prob : Itl 4 0.722 0.722 0.04 0.968 5 0.757 0.393 2.10 0.040 < 1 6 0.708 0.341 2.17 0.035 13 0.665 0.327 1.83 0.073 Analysis of Covariance Contrast Adjusted foi Covariate Prob > F ' Inside vs. out',ide 0.011 Station 5 vs. average of Stations 6 and 13 0.708 Station 6 vs. Station 13 0.870 The citch of juvenile and adult spot increased at Station 4 from 1982 to 1983. The catch of juvenile and adult spot at Stations 5 and 6 exhib-ited a significant decrease between the operational period and the period E when the structure.was not operational. The catches of juvenile and adult spot inside the diversion structure were significantly lower than the catch outside after the diversion structure became operational. The catch of juvenile and adult spot peaked during January and February of 1983 at Stations 6,13, and 5 and then declined in March and April (Figure 5.22). Juvenile and adult fish collected in January of 1983 at Stations 13 and 5 were 70 to 135 mm in length, while the juvenile and adult fish caught at Station 4 were 70 to 105 mm in length (Figure 5.23). Many of the fish caught at Stations 13 and 5 were probably the remainder of the yearlings that were trapped when the diversion structure was closed in November. Slight increases in catch at the intake stations can be seen during the E spring and summer months and may be attributed to the problem involving 5 screen failure at that time. I 5-17

I Croaker The mean CPUE and the results of the statistical analysis for juvenile / adult croaker by station during the period before and af ter the diversion structure was operational are presented in the following tabic: Nonoperational Operational Station Log CPUE log CPUE t-value Prob < lt1 4 0.383 0.222 1.43 0.159 5 0.389 0.216 1.81 0.075 6 0.170 0.000 3.20 0.003 13 0.250 0.085 2.30 0.027 I Analysis of Covariance Contrast Adjusted for Covariate Prob > F Inside vs. outside 0.018 Station 5 vs. average of Stations 6 and 13 I Station 6 vs. Station 13 0.002 0.182 Catches of juvenile and adult croaker declined f rom 1982 to 1983. Analysis showed that this decrease was significant for all stations except Station 5. During the period that the diversion structure was opera-tional, the catch inside the _ diversion structure was significantly lower than outside. The catch during the operational period was significantly higher at Station 5 than the average of Stations 6 and 13. During the period before the oiversion structure was operational, juvenile and adult I- croaker first showed up in high numbers at Station 4 in Idte March of 1982 (Figure 5.24). Only a few juveniles and adults were caught at Stations 13 and 5 at this time Catches began to increase b'It did not peak until May at Stations 6, 13, and 5 at which time the catch at Station 4 outside of the canal was declining. This demonstrated the progression of juvenile and adult croaker up the intake canal. This pattern was not seen during the period in which the diversion structure was operational. The catch of juvenile and adult croaker peaked first at Stations 5 and 6 ir. January of 1983. Juvenilo and adult croaker were not caught at Station 4 during that 1 5-18 l

I trip. Those juvenile and adult fish at Stations c and 13 exhil ited a modal length of 115 mm (rigure 5.25). These fish were most lik91y trapped in the intake canal as yearlings when it was closed in Novader of 1982. Further evidence supporting this hypothesis is the fact that the yearling fish caught at Stations 5 and 13 during October of 1982 exhibited modal lengths of 110 to 115 mm, respectively (Figure 5.26). Catches of juvenile and adult croaker at Station 4 peaked during March, April, and May of 1983; however, catches inside the intake canal were relatively low. This also lends support to tne effectiveness of the diversion structure at inhibiting movement of 1arger fish into the intake canal. Summary There was evidence that the movement of juvenile and adult menhaden, spot, and croaker into the intake canal was inhibited. It appears that there was some movement into the intake canal as evidenced by menhaden catches. This movement occurred through screen blowouts or through tidal creeks during high tide. Some species were trapped in the canal when the g diversion structure was closed as was shown by the catches of croaker and 5 spot. Another full year of data is needed to more accurately ascertain the effectiveness of the diversion structure. 5.4 Summary and Conclusions Nekton monitoring during 1983 showed little dtfference from the average of previous years for total organisms. Differences were seen in individual species for overall catch and catch by rtation. Such differ-ences ware expected, however, and were due to the variation which occurs in ppulations from year to year. Some of this variation can be explained by abiotic factors such as temperature, and more importantly salinity, as witnessed by changes in the abundance of some species at the upriver areas. Additionally, some organisms were more abundant in particular hab-itats. An exa?ple of this would be the greater relative abundance of menhadeh in the deep-water areas of the CFE. I 5-19

I Generally, the overall catch of menhaden decreased. Catches of men-haden dropped in the intake canal due to the diversion structure. The overall weakfish catch was down, but some young-af-the-year were found upriver in the deeper areas such as Alligator Creek. Spot increased in abundance as did croaker. The young-of-the-year croaker catch was larger than in previous years. Catches of young-of-the-year for both croaker and I spot were relatively low in the upriver area in 1983 because of Figh river flows and low salinity during their respective recruitment periods. Juve-nile and adult catches of spot end croaker declined in the intake canal due to the effectiveness of the diversion structure. Catches of brown shrimp and white shrimp declined slightly in 1983, while pink shrimp showed a large decrease in abundance. Because c ' high overall salinity during the late summer and winter inonths, the relative catch of all three species of shrimp was high in the upriver areas. This was particularly so for white shrimp. I Because of these distrib;tions and abundances, it is unlikely that the BSEP limited recruitment tc the upriver nursery grounds. Also, the diversion structure was effective in excluding larger fish from the intake canal. This indicates that the operation of the BSEP did not adversely affect the CFE in 1983. I I I I I E I I 5-20

x Table 5.1 Number and biomass of organisns collected in the nekton stufy during 1983. Total Total Mean Mean %To t al % Total Species Comnon Name Number WeIpt Number Weight Ntsnber t'sI @t Species Scientific Name 1 Carcharhinidas Rgulem sharks At lantic sharpnose shark 8 3,075 0 7 0.00 0.66

            #15k.pr*hx2Erl tcr7t2crx7t2e Dasyatidae                             Stingrays Atlantic stingray                       3      3,351      0     7    0.00     0.72 Il2sy2fis a2 bin 2                                                              i         I30     0     0    0.00     0.03 Cy7 tat 2 MicrL7t2                     sm>oth butter f1y rey LepIsosteldee                          Gers 2        260      0     1    0.00     0.06 Lg7Unstd43 msais                       longnose gar Elopidae                               Tarpons 14            6    i     0    0.0I     O.00 Elqm a2st4s(IWr27us)                   Iedy f Ish w                                              Freshwater eels h       Anguil l idae                                                                                       0     9    0.01     0.85 American eel                           23      3,947
  ~          Anytilla 1928112M2 Ophichthidae                           Snake eels speckied warm eel                       2           18    0     0    0.00     0.00 Mytphis pmctatus                                                                             I    O     O    0.00     0.00 M. parfhflepcocqh21us)                  speckled erm eel                        1 shrimp eei                              5         168     0     0    0.00     0.04 Ofridida48 i          pcm mi Clupeldae                              fierrings 10          29     0     0    0.00     0.01 bluebad herring Alma aestilt21is                                                                          66     0     0    0.00     0.01 American shed                            6 A. g2isain22                                                               1,686     23.221      4    56    0.71      5.45 Bradia tirt2?p240                      Atlantic menhaden 27          86     0     0    0.01     0.02 lbttxnyt2 eqnliarwt                    gizzard shed 2          29     0     0    0.00      0.01 D. p?teroica                           threadrin shed Engrauffdse                            Anchovies anchovy unid.                            1           0    0     0    0.00      0.00 Andza2 spp.                                                                                                           0.20 stripod anctovy                       230         912      n    2    0.11 A. hepoetua                                                                                     99    95   20.30      9.19 l

boy andovw 44,257 42,554 A. mitdrilli Synodontidae Li zardf ishes 37 1,756 0 4 0.02 0.38 Si f rahs f#m Instore lizardf ish I E E lE E E E E E E E

-m W M M M m M M M M M m M M M -m M M Table 5.1 (con t i nued) Total Total Mean Mean % Total 7 Total Species ScIentIfIe Name Species Comnoa !'ame Nurber we i@ t Number tse igh t Mr#str We f ght Ce tostomidae Suckers N ga)rl obla y.49 cred, chubsucker 1 6 0 0 0.00 0.0G leta ttr Idae But! head cetfIshes fcCa?m'.48 aItus ehlte catfish 99 3.681 0 8 0.05 0.7s J. furt2Itus bfue catfish 124 4,579 0 10 0.G6 0.99 I. rt2fa?,53 ye i Icw bu!Ihead 0 0 1 8 U.00 0.00 J. pertem channel catfish 2 15s 0 0 0.00 0.03 Ar l idae Sea catfishes Arab felis hardiead cetfish 1 137 0 0 0.00 0.03 Batracho ldidae Toadfishes y Opa2rus fat oyster toeofIsh 33 1,637 0 4 0.02 0.35 Goblesoc idae Cli n gf ishes GobicJt2r str.rtxus skilletfish 7 26 0 0 0.00 0.01 Gadidae Go df i shes Urgkcis ficr*"dPr2 southern hake 148 997 0 2 0.07 0.21 U. rpJiI i s,vtted hake 373 3,000 1 7 0.17 0.65 Oph id l idae Cusk-eels OfY'id5CPT rElshi crested cusk-eel 85 421 0 1 0.04 0.09 Atherinidae Silvers ides Ahtridiar!!Dridia Atlantic silverside 191 758 0 2 0.09 0. 4 Syngnath idae Pipefishes Syyt2thus[ua 48 northern pipefish 8 17 0 0 0.00 0.00 S. hteisianze chain pipefish 4 13 0 0 0.00 0.00 Percich thvidae Temperate besses

         .Abro13 r M dis                    striped bass              17    708       0        2     0.01     0.15 Serranidae                         Sea besses Centnpt*isbis firilaie?phia2      rodk sen bass               2      45      0       0      0.00     0.0I M

Table 5.1 (conti nued Total Total Mean Mean % Total (Tota l Species Cornon Name Number Weight Number Weight Number Weight Spwles Scientific Name Centrarch Mae SuntIshes 1 47 0 0 0.00 0.01 12prris ac'it249 redbreast sun f Ish 5 155 0 0 0.00 0.03 pugkinseed

        'L. gihdartas                                                       i      16     0              0   0.00     C.00 L. g41 ands                            warrou th 6    385      0               1  0.00     0.08 L. ntLM                                bluegli4 5    266      9               1  0.00     0.06 L.. h kphus                            rodear sunfish 86   2,405      0              5   0.04     0.52 black c epple Pouris nigrtrin4?atus Pomatomidae                             BluefIshes 25   1,892      0               4  0.01     0.41 Pet 2fattes 3altaf2O                   bluefish w                                           Cobles 4   RachycentrIdae                                                                      0                  0.00     0.08       ;

1 389 1

  "                                             cobra R2d214dMf2t>t 02'nh'r                                                                                                   {

Carangidae Jacts 12 94 0 0 0.01 0.02 crevalle jad 037t2nr Iri[{U8 12 41 0 0 0.01 0.c i ChlaunrEnes dzrymm4s itlantic bumer

2 0 0 0.00 0.00 Salcne setzpirrris atiantic .oonfish 24 19e 0 0 0.01 0.04 S. tute tookdown Lutjenidau Snappers 6 52 0 0 0.00 0.01 htfoi2t!48 grisa48 gray snapper I 1 0 0 0.00 0.00 lane snapper

        ' L. Syup Gerreldas                               >bjerras 5      6      0              0  0.00     0.00 trish pomano Diapedrtas ataufus                                                19     175     0               0  0.01     0.04 D4? h anyvita43                        spottin sojarra

! 2 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 silver Jenny l E. gala Haemulldae Grunts l 5 473 0 1 0.00 0.10 Ordrpr'istia dtryarp6crtz pigfIsh Sparidae Porgles 5 3,596 0 8 0.00 0.78 ArtYKtkIrg46 J2Y2IIboogfr22448 sheepshead M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M .

E M' E E E E E E E E E E E M Table 5.1 (continued) Total Totsi Mean Nan $ Total 5 Total Species EcIentIfI ham Species Conron Name Number 4Ight Number height Number Weight pinfish 209 3,035 0 7 0.10 0.66 f>1J2ic>i 2ft77/27M Sc!aen!dae Drums RZirtretta d: rya 24ru s i n or ,o-a 23i 8,709 i is 0.i2 i.8s sgotted seat out 7 198 0 0 0.00 0.04 QrXXCial rac224taras C. mutis ..een fish 1,577 7,176 4 16 0.72 1.55 fEia3 fates m2rflA*4s stot 39,738 219,886 130 491 26.72 47.49 liMbicirlf248 spp. kingf Ish unid. 15 16 0 0 0.01 0.00 N. a rriatrus southern kingtIsh 6 63 0 0 0.00 0.01 M. Ga:uttlis northern 8 Ingf Ish I 42 0 0 0.00 0.01 v, Ah*cquyrfics utf4Iafus Atlantic croaker '06,334 81,759 237 182 48.8I 17.66 E

PqxprL2s crtris bled drum 5 571 0 1 0.00 0.12 6ciadrtp3 Ocettertus red dru 3 ii 0 0 0.00 0.00 star erva 208 624 0 i 0.:0 0.i3 stetrife2 tariaaotatus EphIppIdae Spade!Ishes 02aetospearits fa5cr etlantic spaaefish i4 68 0 0 0.0i 0.0:

Mugilidae Mullsts

                /4gil cg/EI?24s                   striped mullet               220    10.668       0    24   0.10     2.30 ff. c4rtMt                        white eullet                   4         81      0     0   0.00     0.02 Uranoscop idae                      Stargazers                       2          2      0     0   0.00     0.00
                /eT02ntqus spp,                   stargazer utild.               I          1      0     0   0.00     0.00 A. gt4ttat:48                     northern stargazer             I          i      0     0   0.00     0.00 A. ,tgm                           southern stargazer             1       128       0     0   0.00     0.03 Blennl idae                         Ocebtooth blanntes 02a&10d38 holydiaries             striped bienry                 2          7      0     0   0.00     0.00
                #3pxhlc7tius harrfd               feather blenny                 1          5      0     0   0.00     0.00 RyptDblotrrius **0rtf)223         freckled bient.y              11         78      0     0   0.01     0.02 Eleotridoe                          5feepers Electris y*a; tris                spinycheek sleeper             2         29      0     0   0.00     0.01

Table 5.1 (continued) Total lotal Mean ' San % Total % Total Species Scientific Name Species Comnon Name Number Weight Number Weight Number MeIpi Gobl Idar Gobles ChhlI248 holetBO'IZ darter goty 22 27 0 0 0.01 0.01 C. Ins ^at24s sharpfall goby 8 14 0 0 0.00 0.00 C. siufezai fresh ater geev i32 i99 0 0 0.07 0.04 CobiOOartz bcAL'i naked goby 12 8 0 0 0.0% 0.00 Nicrtgabius spp. pby unId. 2 0 0 0.00 0.00 N. finlassina green p by 2 0 0 0.00 0.00 Trichluridae Cutlassfishes u Tridtivrt48 lept 24' tis Atlantic cutlassfish 72 1,494 0 3 0.03 0.32 Scombridae MackereIs SQ7nbc2tTU2 tis 1:12a41af2G Spe gish moderel 3 38 0 0 0.00 0.01 Stroenteldae butterfishes l Pqvil248 spp. tutterf ish unid. 1 I O O 0.00 0.00 l P. alepid c a harvestfish 6 244 0 1 0.00 0.05 P. tria22ntius tutterf I sh 5 54 0 0 0.00 0.01 i Trigildae Searobins Prim:tus spp. searosin unid. 25 20 0 0 0.01 0.00 P. anothus nortt.ern searobin 1 193 c 0 0.00 0.04 P. trihdu4 bighead searobin 167 200 0 0 0.08 0.04 Ebt h idae Lef teye flounders Artofq)setta qutfttrellata oceIlated f founder 5 40 0 3 0.00 0.01 Cidur'id7Nvjs s;.p. whiff unid. 1 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 C. spilqitents bay whiff 48 174 0 0 0.02 3.04 E'tztp4s crtxtsotus fringed flounder 43 157 0 0 0.02 0.03 RZ2t2150hd G s spp. flounder unid. 3 2 0 0 0.00 0.00 l P. darttatus sumer flounder 91 1,058 0 2 0.04 0.23 l P. le6ostiyrtz southern flounder 527 9,170 1 20 0.24 1.98

                            % Idalirza agttrus                                                            windowpane                il    171      0      0   0.01     0.04
                                                                                                                               ~

l 1

W M E E E E E E E ^E E E E E E - Table 5.1 (continued) Total Total Nan Mean $!otal JTotal Species Scientific Name Species Comn:)n Name Nusber We igh t Nta=.ber h ight Number Weight Soloidse Soles Tr*[r30ttc9 fMnJMhat hogchoker 1,507 6,443 3 0.59 14 1.39 Cym glossIdee Tonguef I shes Sf phurus chriW of f shore tonguefish 1 13 0 0 0.00 0.00 S. plafua2 blackcheek tonguefish 435 2,163 1 3 0.20 0.47 Os t i st idae i.estherjackets Abranprfla49 hispids pienehood fliefIsh 6 7 0 0 0.00 0.00 Tetra 3&2ntidas Puffers SpIIX2Vizies M2ddafur northern puf fer 10 10 0 0 0.00 0.00 b cn Total Fish 217,979 463,050 487 1,0 34 99.96 99.94 Spilla c p nentIs sbrImp 39 332 0 1 0.19 0.22 Per2eixiie penes!d sheie 0 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 Psitm24s spp.(postlervael penaeus 3 i c O 0.01 0.00 P. aat. acus brown shri m 4,782 34,494 77 19 23.45 23.13 P. dort2rter pink shrimp 362 870 1 2 1.7e 1.58 P. setiferus white shrimp 3,632 19,40a 3 4 *, 17.81 13.01 TrtIffppcrthus dorstr'06ua t-con or hardbeck shrimp 1,222 300 3 1 3.99 0.20 Pd Wr'mt spp. freshwster prawns 16 48 0 0 0.06 0.03 R2la erylet.os spp. gras,shries 7,is0 2.084 16 3 35.2 i.40 Al @ m spp, snepping shrim 9 21 0 0 0.04 0,01 ChutJort SqfcBFrara sand shrimp 2 2 0 0 c.01 0.00 Uptgebia spp. endQ211ierzaa2 spp. mud shrines 1 3 0 0 0.00 c.00 Portur ~das sw tend ng crabs e a 0 0 0.04 0.0 Ott21(rxs spp. calico crabs 5 23 0 0.02 0 0.02 Portas4s spp. swlismi ng crabs 3 3 0 0 0.01 0.00

i Table 5.1 (cont inued) Total Total Pben Mean JTota t $ Total ( Species Scientific Name Speeles Comnon Name Number Weight Number Weight Nwter Wiyt t l 021[htrbei apido blue crab 1,69? 83,094 4 185' B.30 55.71 l C. similua tesser blue cred 160 1,177 0 3 0.78 c.79

folli{picula 2 0 2758 brIef squid 1.269 4.605 3 10 6.22 3.09 l MIlacZd.7js tentpin diamondbad terrapin 6 1,232 0 3 0.03 0.83 Cray%Fe C0rL'im2 river cooter 1 1,450 0 3 0.00 0.97 Total Nonffpfish 20,393 149,155 46 333 99.97 100.00 g Total Organise.s 238,372 612,205 532 1,367 l [ Total Ef forts 448 l M l

l l 1

Table 5.2 Dominant fish species collected in the nekton study during 1983 and previous years, u 1979 to 1982 1983 iTotal tTotal % Total % Total Species Rank Nunber Weight Rank Number Weight Bay anchovy 39 20 I 1 9 3 9 Spot 2 31 40 2 27 47 Atlantic croaker 3 16 15 1 49 18 At antic menhaden 4 4 10 4 <1 5 Weakfish 5 3 3 5 <1 2 Hogchcker 6 1 <1 6 <1 1 Blackcheek tonguefish 7 <1 <1 8 <1 <1 Star drum 8 <1 <1 . . . Spotted haka 9 <1 2 9 <1 <1 Silver perch 10 <1 <1 I 10 4 2 Southern flounder - - . 7 <1 2 Total 97% 85" 99% 8S"[ 1

I Table 5.3 Dominant nonfinfish species collected in the nekton study during 1983 and previous years. I 1979 to 1982 1983

                                  % Total

Total % Total & Total g species Rank Number Weight Rank Humber Weight E Grass shrimp 1 57 3 1 35 1 Brown shrimp 2 16 20 2 23 23 White shrimp 3 7 12 3 18 13 Blue crabs 4 6 53 - - -

Pink shrimp 5 6 3 - - - g T-con or hardback shrimp 6 5 <1 6 6 <1 m Blue crab - - - 4 8 56 Brief squid - - - 5 6 3 Total 97% 91% 97% 97% I a B I I I I I 5-29 l

I I 1983 10000-I 1000 - % I 100 - I c A 10 T I P I EO R E 1970 - 1982 I ; O 1000 - R r g6 100 - I 10 - I O __ ddFFMMAAAMMJJJJAASSSOONNDD AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONN38RRRRRYYNNLLGGFPPTTVVCC WEEK Figure 5.1 Catch per un'.t effort of total organism: co!!ected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.19791982 average. I

 ,                                                                                             se

I I 10000- 1983 x = YOUNG OF YEAR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         + = JUVENILE AND ADUL(S 1000 -

I 100 - C g A la - g [H p4 \ g P EO ( - R 1979 - 1982 E F F 0 1000 - R I 100 - 4 l g

                                                                          ,7                                                              si                                                                                                                  n
                                                                     ,                                        \s'
                                               //                                                                             4 'i
                                                 \ I g

10 - k\l4

                                                                                                                                                                                'g
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    +

I O - ::::::: ::::,* iiiiiiii i i i t+H : ::44Tn4uu4 i i i i' i . iiiin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          's
                                            .iii dJFFMMAAAHHddJdAASSSOONNDD AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONNBBRRRRRYYNNLLGGPPPTTVVCC WEEK Figure 5.2                                         Catch per unit effort of Atlantic menhaden collected in nekten small trawls,1983 vs,1979-1982 average.

I 5 ~31 I

I I N = NO, COLT.ECTED E = NO.OF EFFORTS

N

170 co- "

VAN 0- NI'L.a,-. _-.n. __

                #    ~

N =713 en- E = 60 ren o ' frLrT rrhm

                 --                                                                      N . , ,,
                               ~

re- E = 29 x4n a- e l ~rfDTtA _ %. _

                **~                                                                      N = 128 co-                                                                      E = 28 Apn     e-         1           ITT h .rt,rk
                             ~
                *D-                                                                      N =213
                **-            ~

Ea 50 I MAY

"~

a " 7-- e -n mw _ _ _ _ N = 20 g 20- y E = 28 n sun a T 11M M M RT1 C

                **~                                                                      N = 25 h

T 20- E = 56 I out o-n D'h Q7} n n N= 19 ee-I Aus e-

**~

T-

N n [-l r1 E - 28 N= 1 I ta-E = 28 eeP e 40- N= 0 eo- E = 56 =I on, , 4a- N = 35 I ee- E= 28 Nov e rO-f" "H n 4e- N = 75 I DEC 20-e --- iii i. . g

                                                 . . i
                                                                        ' ~

i i i i . ~ - t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 i i . E = 28 "T" 1 2 3 4 E e7 eoe1 2 3 4 E e7 e oe1 2 3 G G G G eeoeoeeeeaeee oeeeae ius CPEC3ES LENNTH IN MM. Figure 5.3 Length frequency dist<ibution of Atlantic menhaden collected in nekton small trawls during 1983, I 5-32

-I

I 1983 I 10000-x = YOUNG OF YEAR

                                                                                               + = JUVENILE AND ADULTS t800 -

I

                       +s 100   -
                                 'N       \              ,1
                                                           # --+-- +
                                                                            ,4,
                                            \         &                          g
                                             \      #                              g C                                               y                                     b' +s A 10      -

N T g c s H \ p \ s EO :": : - R 1979 - 1982 E E F F 0 1000 - R toO -

                  , - t l't                    ,                  i g-i                       i et                    i
                                                                    \

m

                    '                       N' \$                           ^

I g I *t \1 ' 1 I

                                                               '     k +/ \       '

( );, I 4 10 - t h/'i f '

                                                                                            'Av,                              I 0        -     :::::::::e +:::::::::-                                                             W + 4+++ +++ + +4++ 4 ii                   iiiiiiii1ii                                    i .. iiiiiiiiiii dJFFMMAAAHHdJJJAASSSOONNDD AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONNBBRRRRRYYNNLLGGPPPTTVVCC                                                                                      -

TRIP Figure 5,4 Catch per unit effort of bay anchovy collected *n nekton small trawls,1983 vs.19791982 average. I 5-33 Il

I I N = NO. COLLECTED E = NO, OF EFFORTS I- **~ en-N =7334 E= 28 a4H a_ J l i 1 i 48' N = 3128

                     **~                                                                       E=    28 l    l           I   I- ,1 res I                e                                                    -

48- -- N = 1661

                     **~                                                                       E=    56 g                    .

1 x HAR O

 .I      .
                     **~
                     *~

N = 3097 f E= 28 I

                                    '   '                    I     I k---      -

APR 0

                     **~                                                                       N =6330
                     **~                            i                .                         E=    56 HAY     e
                                             '      I        l       I .i      i 4e-                                                                       N = 2452
                     *"~                                  ~

r= 28 h I I i O , g JUN

                     #8'                                                                       N =3568 h         me-                                                                       E=    56 r-i      I      I    i   f~1     ;     ,

g oui. .

                     **~                                                                       N=3137
                                               ~~"~

2e-i i Aug e

                     #*~                                                                       N = 3008 co-

0 I ser e

**~

i N = 3344 ae-OCT e

                     '8"                                                                       N = 5222 en-                                                                       E=    28 I

1 I NOV e .

                                                                                                        .t
                     '*'                                                                       N = 1974 re-                                     '                                 E=    28 d

I' occ e I i a _i e i i , , , le 2e sa de 18e em 78 em en les SPCOIts. LENGTH IN HH.

 .I Figure 5.5 la ngth-frequency distribution of bay anchovy conected in nekton I

smnD trawls during 1983. 5-34 f

1 i 1983 10000-X = YOUNG OF YEAR

                                                                     + = JUVENILE AND ADULTS I

1000 - I 100 - C I A 10 - T C y t- . _. . . . . . , . - . EO - -- ' R 1979 - 1982 E F F 0 1000 - R T E 100 - E I 10 I i it ,

                                                                                         \tr 0        -    H++::: H: S : h : : : $+ ++b+ +4++               +++++++++I        *'             3 i i..      .. i , . i i . i .                 i i i     i i     i i i i-i i JJFFMMAAAMMJdJdAASSS00NNDD                                                         $

AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE 0NNSBRRRRRYYNNLLGGPPPTTVVCC 3 TRIP Figure 5.6 Catch per unit effort of weakfish collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.19791982 nyerage. I 5-35 l

I I - N = NO. COLLECTED E = NO. OF EFFORTS I JAN 4a_ re-e- n rf~h rTW1 rf l n n N= E= 19 20 40- N= 9 Fr.s a nnnnnn, <- 2e so- N= 0 re- E= SS MAR D 40- N= 0 20- E= 28 APR 2 4e- N= 0 to- E= 56 HAY O I 4a-20-

                          -                                                                                                   N=

E-51 28 I e e N T 40-en- -- - N = 1253 E= 56 a , r-f T f l I R I h 48- N

148 to- ~ 0

                       ,fT11-F1IIriiiri h -

I 39, , 40- N= 30

              **-                                                                                                              E"     28 r h m,-r1rHh-gun                                                                           rm I     ,,      ,

4a-re-N= E-38 56 ITl r, r-Flm #MF7 I I I 1 M I r, r r, og , 4e- P - N= 2 to- E= 28 I l nov .- 48 - N= 8 g pqmq q E= 28 I Dec * , , 1 2 3 4 E e 7 e 0 e 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 1 1 1 1 C 3 t i 4 1 W e 7 e e e 1 1 1 I 2 CPE1TES LENGTH IN MM. I Figure 5.7 Length frequency distribution of weakfish collected in nekton small trawls during 1983. I 5-36 I

I 1983 10000-X = YOUNG OF YEAR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 + = JUVENILE AND ADULTS 1000 -                                                                                                                                      I b

100 - C A in - '*' 9,,i T \

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 's EO                                                                                                         -

E R 1979 - 1982 g E lO 1000 - R I 4

                                                                                                                                                                                             ,00                                         -                  1,           ,                                                      ,

I ' E lg 3 t l 's l, g 4 ft j

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \st i R
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               + l)                 Y$s      1 ie                                        -

ing 1 \

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              '/i   l81    1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 'I I                                  4ki     i  Ak 8                                          -

H H N 4 +++ + ++++ W + +++ + iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii JJFFMMAAAHHddddAASSS00NNDD AAEEAAPP PAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONNBBRRRRRYYNNLLGGPPPTTVVCC TRIP Figure 5.8 Catch per unit effort of spot collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs,1979-1982 average. 5-37

-I

   ,                            N = NO. COLLECTED              E = NO. OF EFFORTS
                  ~
               .e-                                                                            Na 3496 3           en-                                                                            5=     pg JAN    e                                              ]h                              -

I 4e-go_ _ g _ N =10510 E= 28 FCS e _ I 4e-

              -em-N =14336 E=     50 e     I     7 I

HAR 4e- N *10587 ze- E= 28 P APR e I 4e-N = 14610 es- E= 50 I a - MAY 4e- N = 2098 es- {R JuH e lb - E= 28 E 4e- N= 1212 Y ea- E= 50 I e ._ __ JUL - 4e- N= 184 ze- E= Aue e h ,_ 28 4e- N= 44 Re- E= 28 sEP e I 4e- N= 44 2e- E= 56 OCT e 1 iii 4e- - N= 18 ze- E= 28 Nov e f 4a- N= 513 so- E= 28 I occ e 1 2 3 4 E o 7 e e a 1 1 1 4 2 3

                                                                                . t 4

I t 5 6 7 t s s a a a s s s s s a s s a s s s s SPEC 2CS L.ENGTH IN MM,

 -.        Figure 5.9 Length-frequency .!istribution of spot collected in nekton small trawls during 1983.

I 5-38

I 1983 a 10000- II X = YOUNG OF YEAft

                                                                             + = JUVENILE AND ADULTS   .
                                                                                                             /

1000 -

             .:0 s                                                                         a E

C I A 10 ~ g , s ,.-s {g , '"+.c- '+y i. . . . . R 1979 - 1982 s V I O 1000 -

           ?                                                .

I 100 -

,(

I 10 -

                                                   ,    t8        t
                                                        )         It                              ,

0 - &4 'Y +++44+++++ W +++++4+++ iiiiiiiq'T i ii iiiiiii.iiii ddFFMMAAAHHdJJJAASSSOONNDD AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONNBBitRRRRYYNNLLGGPPPTTVVCC TP!P Figure 5.10 Catch per unit effort of A tlantic croaker collected in nekton small t ra w lt "' * * ** 197f#iS4 ? erage. 5-39 I.

         '        '                                                                         .        ,         ,a

I I N = NC,00LLECTED E = NO,0F EHORTS r, 4e- N= 1752 I JAN e 40-

E= 28 N = 21088 I re- E= 28 PES e 4e-N = 6800 I NAR

**~

9-40-p 3- ' E= 50 N = 23855 I APR te-e-

               *s-
                      -     \~

E= 28 N = 38046 g,y , ' k .__ 4s- N = 2710 agg , M . . _ _. E= '28 e 4e- N = 4871 co- E= 56

        .M,     e                                                                              .

40- N= 624

**~

gy E= 28 4e- N= 140 re-8 ser e- n i i ith _ E N l 4e- n. 53 to-OCT e- '" O m 40- N= 24 Nov e- =M

M l_ 4e-' N= 245 i

ce E= 28 oce e #N-

                            . i . i ' i i         , , i i , , , .               . . - rm i i I

t I i a i t t i t i 2 2 2 2 2 I i3 4 5 0 7 eea 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4

                   -ae6 eeeeaeaeeeaeeeeaeeeeaO SPCCICS LENGTH IN MM.

l I Figure 5.11 Length frequency distribution of Atlantic croaker collected in nekton small trawls during 1983. 5-40 L

I 1983 10000- g X = YOUNG OF YEAR 3

                                                                                                                                          + = JUVENILE AND ADULTS 1OSO -

I t00 - C A 10 - T C g H g 0 P~ # ' * ' ~ ~ ' '-

: ' M --* : 4 R 1979 - 1982 E

F F 0 1000 - R T 100 - g B 10 I e - N

                                             .iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i i i i i i i t                            b i-M:! :::::+i"Y:::i"4*+7 @                     r'T'T ti JJFFHHAAAHHJdddAASS300NNDD AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONNBBRRRRRYYNNLLGGPPPTTVVCC TRIP Figure 3.12 Catch per unit effort of southern flounder collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs,19791982 average.

I 5-41

-=

I j I i2000- 1983 5 1000 -< I 100 - C I A 10 T C H I F EO X-- : : : : : " " - - " R 1979 - 1982 E F F I 0 1000 - R T I 100 - E ( i 10 ~ 0 - S *+*n+ME iriiiiiiiiiii i i i i i i-i i i iiiii I JJFFHHAAAHHddddAASSSOONNDD AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONNBBRRRRRYYNNLLGGPPPTTVVCC TRIP Figure $.13 Catch per unit effort of brown shrimp collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.1979-1982 average.

 -I s.n

I N = NO. COLLECTE D E = NO.OF EFFORTS 4e-

                                                            -    -                                                                        N=       2 me-                                                                                                                               E=      28 dAH      e 4e-                                                                                                                               N=        0 ee-                                                                                                                               E=      20 ren      e          -

4e-N= 0 me- E= 56 NAR e 4e- N= 1 te- g. pg APR e 4e- N= 73 re-

E= 66 NAv o -- 4e- N = 684 P 2e- E= 28

                        -#                  I     I I II!

NJUN e 5 4e- N =3666 H T ne- Em 50 gyg , s-1 I i II M h ._ 4e- N = 230 28- E= 28 g ,, AUG e N= 45 4e-re- E= 28 oce o g 4e - N= 31 3 og7 , 6b N 4e - N= 14 to - E= 28 N= 7 4e - ge - E= 26 occ e . . . . . . i i . . . . . . . . . . i a 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 G s e 7 e o !$51s Eh GPECIES LENGTH IN MM. I Figure 5.14 Length frequency distribution of brown shrimp collected in f nekton small trawls during 1983. 5-43 I_

I a 1983 10000-5 5 10LO - I I 100 - I c A 10 - T I C H P

                         /N       w                           ., __ a    VM I      Ee R

E 1979 - 1982 I F F 0 1000 - R T I I 1?O -

I 10 - f I g _ i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i-i i i i i,i i i ddFFMNAAAHHJdddAASSS00NNDD AAEEAAFPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE I ONNBBRRRRRYYHNLLGGPPPTTVVCC Figure 5,15 Catch per unit effort of pink shrimp collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.19791982 averge. 5 5-44 I

I E = NO OF EFFORTS N = NO. COLLECTED

        .s.                                                                                        N=,,    g Es-                                                                                        E =28 m      . -_ -      _
        **~                                                                                        N = 04
                                                                                                     = 2B
   ,,                                      1 J l i-- i i w                 ~       , , _

4e- N = 18 zu- E = 58

   ,      ,               i i i i i T~~
                                        "~

l f"I'~l r , i 4s- N=0 to- E=28 Arn e 4e- N=4 to- E = 56 MAY 8 4e- N=0

        =8-                                                                                        e = 28 s

R JJN 6

        **-                  -                                                                     N=5
        **~                         p         y                                                    E = 58 a.a. a es-                                                                                        *1 = 15 W
                                                                                                      ~

Aus e T II es- N = 52 E'~ E=28 5 E

        **~                                                                                        N = 49
        *~                                                                                          E = 56 oey                8F7 br n                                n N = 32 4 e-to-                                                                                        E = 28 T                                      em     em cm      a 48-                                                                                       N = 68 ca-                                                                                               g I I I I I I           hm I                                      ,",       g g       g      -

a 3 4 s e 7 . e e } $ j 1 j s s s s s s a e s a s s a s s s sPCCIES LCN3TH IN Hrf, Figure 5,16 Length frequency distribution of pink shrimp collected in nekton small trawls during 1983.

l 5 5-45 I

I E 1983 1000b-I 1000 - I 100 - C A la T I ho R Am -n-n / 1970 - 1982 E I ; O 1000 - R I 100 - 10 E I 0 ~

                   .f A NUNNY               bN U iiiiiiiiiiiin JJFFMMAAAHHJJJJAASSS00NNDD AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONNDBRRRRRYYNNLLGGPPP1TVVCC Figure 5.17 C ich per unit effort of w hire slirimp collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.1979. 982 average, I

se

l 1 N a NO. COLI.ECTED E = NO. OF EF FORTS

       **                                                                                                                        N= 18 e = 2e

_ T me#,

       **~                                                                                                                       u = 31    l
        "*~                                                                                                                      E = 28 re.      .

r-n-rOTl n m n

        'c-                                                                                                                      N = ,o    l
        ..-                                                                                                                      Ea 56 R

un . IIIII N= is !

        =.-                                                                                                                      e = 28 na       .-

n rr n f hn n

        **-                                                                                                                      N =$is    !

MAY 0 M

        **~                                                                                                                      N=     0
            -                                                                                                                    e = 2.

s _ g sun 0- -

        **~                                                                                                                      Na 60 h                                                                                                                                    ~

T 20-JUL e

                                                                                                                                           =
        **~                                                                                                                      N.gy co-                                                                                                                         "

I I h-e AUG ""

        #8'                                                                                                                      N = 1549
        **~                                                                                                                       E=    28 age     e F1 1 I iiIlIt m                                                                                     E 4e-                                                                                                                      N = 636
        .e-                                                                                                                         =   56
                                                                                                ,-# -                   m_

ocT e

        'D~                                                                                                                      N=     yg to-                                                                                                                        .=    8 Nov      e                     e   N                                                                                b    ,-,
         "'"                                                                                                                      Na 341 ee-E=    28 g occ      e-i ,  ,     ,     ....                        .>*ii.i                                                            i     i-3

: : : : s::: i liiiiiii SPECICS LENGTH 3.N MM.

Figure 5.18 Length-frequency distribution of white shrimp collect :d in I nekton small trawls during 1983. 5-47 I_

                                                 - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ , , _ _ , _ , _ _ _ _ _ _' _ _

l I I 1983 10000-i I 1000 - I l l I 100 - i

I c A la T i l I E P EO A I'~#~~* N _q E l R 1979 - 1982 i E F . I F 0 1000 - R j T 100 - to - U 4 s b I . 8 .,,,i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,i i i i i i i i inrrr rer JJFFMMAAANMJJJJAASSS00NHDD AAEEAAPPPAAUUUUUUEEECC00EE ONNBDRRRRRYYNNLLGGPPPTTVVCC 8 Figure 5.19 Catch per unit effort of blue crab collected in nekton small trawls,1983 vs.19791982 average of combined blue crab and lesser blue etab catch. I. 5-48

I

                         + = YOUNG OF YEAR                  X = JUVENILE AND ADULTS G.                                                    STATION 5 4-3-

c-

      .U           -
                           .            N:           -.e-w-:-:-                     : r d .' h e-o STATION 13 4-                                                         l 3-L I

i e : .

             - - -         .<tr,.         8. : ':      :- :                   . &. :::::::
                                                               -: - :--:--: M .- : -

O STATION 6 C 4- ? U E 3-2- t-a _ ._ _ . . .M. . _. A k. ....

                                               ....             A..   . . M.R.          .
                                                                                        .. A..  . .

STATION 4 4 -- 3-2-

                                                                        ~
  }

g_?iiiiiiiii - i i NDJ JFMMANJJJAASOONDDJFFHANMJJJASOO i i--i-Y !

                                                                . ___M
                                                              '~i-I~I      --

i i iiT -h i-i i i T-

                                                                                                        ?-.i s':

OEAAEAAPAUUUUUECCDEEAEEAPAAUUUUECC VCHH5RRRYNNLGGPTTVCCHSBRRYYNLLGPTT 1981 1981 1983 P Figure 5,20 Catch p:r unit effort of Atlantic rnenhaden collected in the nekton diversion I st ticture study, Novernber 1981 through October 1983, 5-49

I I 100- CTATION S 1982 1983 ES O-00-40- , 20-c_ mlT 1 il fl ._rtr in mn I- STATlON 13 eO-0O-I 40-2O-P O {N 80-STAT ON 6 I ' S0-40-20-l , d i l fl _ STAT lON 4 80-60-

                    #0~                                                                                                                              ,

20-I o -. l fiL - ,r m nm -- e . . n a u , . . . - - . . , s e > < a a n-I O 2 4 S O 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 4 0 8 1 1 1 1 1 2 O O O O O 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 6 eO j O O O O O O O O O O O i LCNGTH Figure 5,21 Lenstivfrequency distribution of Atlantic menhaden collected in the nekton diversion stmeture study during trip 5, Februn y 1982 and 1983. I 5-50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ ____.m_ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

                               + = YOUNG OF YEAR                  X = JUVENILE AND ADULTS 5-                                                STATION S 4-
          ~

t-s (y r i 1 N C : . --

                                            - - \ -s-#- %-a-                    -
                                                                                                  . D-Ne           j STAT :ON 13                                              5 4-3-

h-g. O

                             \          - - .
                                               /Q/     .__ ..-

HAT ON 6 C 4-E S-k c-

                                              /                                                                    g
                                       '~N i-C
            \
                                          \

M ( b0 d 0 - STAT ON 4 3-2-

                          /                                                     ,    / '\                          ,

j t-e- i i i

                                                        . , . .j    . .                                       M iie i ...iiiii                          .    . .       ....iiiie               i2    e e i r            NDJJFNNANJJJAASODHDDJFFMANNJJJASD0 l            OEAAEAAPAUUUUUECC0EEAEEAPAAUUUUECC VCHHBRRRYNNLGGPTTYCCN5SRRYYNLLGPTT 1981                         1982                 7gp                                1983 Figure 5.22 Catch per unit effort of spot collected in the nekten diversion structure study.

November 1982 through October 1983. i 5-51

p_n - - . ] I 100- ST ATION 5 1982 1983 U O ~- 00-40-2 0 -- - O- -- - - I' ST A'I ON 13 00-00-

                    '    ~

E 20-g g 5 o_ 1 r lnTin n rit ihm__ STAT ON G {I 80-

i. en-40-20-O_. . n- A hn _

STAT ON 4 a0-00-40- - 20-o__. . .- b -

                                  . . . . . .            . .        .   . . i i           i . . . 7 I                                  O      O O 2 O O O O O O 63 LENGTH 0 0          0 0 2        O O O O O O O Figure 5.23 Length-frequency distribution of spot collected in the nekton diversion structure study during trip 4. January 1982 and 1983.

5-52

I 4 = YOU4 OF YEAR X = .lVVENILE AND ADULTS G- STATION 5 4-3- A

2_

W i-0-

        /T       -

s y

                                                          ,--*     -                               :: O: :

STAT ON 13 5 4-3- 2-W L D l-G t O .

                         ,                5   -: : : :- .* *- g                                    :^?            .d4 e                                                 STAT ON 6 c 4-c c*                                                                            /v\\

I 2-O- -* : /v('- , : : : : : : : STAT, ON 4

-;::-::yt .

5 3-2-

        .      -   }                           g_m           -.                                                    . .

l i i i !i . i i , i ri i i i e i i i i i i i iiii iiiii NDJJFMMANJJJAASOONDDJF FMAHHJJJASOO l 0 E A A C A A P A U J U U U E C C 0 E E A E E A P A A U ** U,GPTT UCCC i V C t! N D R R R Y N N L G G P T T V C C N D 5 R R Y Y " 1981 1982 TRIP Figure 5,24 Catch per unit effort of Atlantic croater collected in the netaoa diversion I structure stody, Novembu 1981 through October 1983, 5-53

                                      -                                                                y

I I I 100- ST ATION S 1982 1983 00-60-40-20-O ST ATION 13 B 80-60-40-2Q-P ' I E R C C O-STATION 6 f b- -- N 00-l ' 00-

 ,,~                    4 0 ""        ,

20- , U 0-STATlON 4 80-60-40- < 20-g _ . , i m _ k O 2 4 0 8 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 4 0 8 1 1 1 1 1 2 O O O O O 2 -4 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 oa O

s. O O O O O O O O O O O

! LENGTH Figure 5.25 Length frequency distribution of Atlantic croaker collected in the nekton diverstor, structure study d.ining trip 4, January 1982 and 1983, I ! 5-54 l

E I 1co- STATION 5 3 1082 1983 5 ee-00-40- . 20- ) , o nr - Enn ! i STAT lON 13 ee- l co- 8 40-20- ., P O ! c STATION 6 e i N 80- g T , en-43-20-li E' a a STATION 4 eo-e0-40-20- - - 0

                     . . . . . . . i+i .                    . . .. . . i i i .

oa4 ea 1 1 1 1 1 ea4 es 1 1 1 1 1 2 o-ooeea4 ea eaeoa2 4 eaa O O O O O O O O O C O LENGTH Figure 5.26 Length frequency distribution of Atlantic croaker collected in the nekton diversion structure study during trip 17 January 1982 and 1983, s.ss

l I l I 6.0 ll1PINGEMENT 6.1 Introduction Impingement studies have been conducted at the BSEP since Jar.uary 19, 1974, when water was first pumped through the plant. Objectives of the past and present studies have remained unchanged and address the determi-nation of numbers, weights, species composition, and length frequency of organisms impinged at the BSEP. The 1983 impingement study was conducted with the permanent fish

         .tiversion structure operational. The diversion structure, as described in the 1981 annual report (CPI,L 1982), prevented organismt froen entering the intake canal except when screen panels f ailed as a result of an increase in pressure on the screcas caused by biofouling and/or debris buildup.

Preceding repeir of fai'ed screens and during the installation of a cathodic protection system, sections of the diversion structure were I opened for short intervals aliowing free passage of organisms into and out of the intake canal. EM.ept for these short per*vus, nost juvenile and , adult fish and shellfish were excluded from puible impingement at the BSEP during 1983. 6.2 Methods Samples were collected for one 24-hour period each week. This study only included data from January through June due to the installation of fir.e mesh screens on the circulation water intake screens (,n July 1, 1983. The July through December 1983 period was utilized for the design and testing of sampling procedures and gear to be used in the 1984 study _ program. Plant modif; cations caused some samples to be missed in April and ilune as shown in the following table: 1 I I G-1 l

I pnth1983_ ,Weeks Sampled Weeks liissed C m ent January 4 february 4 March 5 April 3 1 Spray Wash System Modifications 11oy 4 June 3 1 fine Mesh Screen Installed oa fourth Week to Couply With I July 1 NPDES permit Deadline Assessment of impingement during 1983 was conducted using two dif fer-ent sampling methods, The first method was used from January through March 1983 and was identical to tt.e procedures described in CP&L (1983). The second method was used from April through June and utilized the new nekton return system. A fiume constructed of two semicircular fiberc15ss troughs measuring 1.07 m across the top and 0.53 m deep transported organ-isms 1.34 km from the plant intake to a retention basin adjacent to Walden I Creek n.a r s h. The impingement samplig lite was located on the fiume structure at a point approximately 100 m from the intake screens. The sempling gear consisted of a circt.lar stainless steel frame shaped to fit inside the fiume. Attached to the frame was a 6.35-mm square mesh bag type trswl designed to collect juvenile and adult organisms from the l r.creen wo:~i water. The gear was placed in the fiume wnile the circulating g water screens were being wash 6d. i

Methods of idboratory workup, subsampling, organism groupings, and
monthly reporting estimates were identical to 1982 methods (CP&L 1983).

l 6.3 Results and Discussion l 6.3.1 Species Composition The 1983 expanded total impingement included 651,160 organisms repre-senting 95 taxa and weighing 2479 kg (Table 6.1). Blue crabs were the most abundant species group totaling 22.9 percent of the impingement

-2 g

I catch. Bay anchovy (17.3 percent), grass shrimp (15.5 percent), and croaker (11.6 percent) were second, third, and fourth, respectively (Table 6.2). Spot (6.3 percent) and menhaden (4.0 percent) were fifth and sixth. All taxa, numbers, and weights are presented in Table 6.3. Total impingement for the 1983 study period was reduced 94 percent in number and 96 percent in weight when compared to the 1977 through 1982 4 average for the corresponding period (Table 6.4). The period January l theough Jun? has historically been the period of highest impingement (CP&L gi 1981, 1982). The percents of annual impingement for January through June 3 i basca on number impinged are as f ollows: . i Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Percent 73 78 54 73 70 96 l The large numbers of juvenile and adult menhaden, spot, and croaker which in the past caused thie. period to dominate the annual impingement gl were excluded by the diversion structure from the intake canal and possi- g; ble impingement during 1983 (see Section 5.3.3). W 6.3.2 Length-Frequency Distributions Length-frequency data were compiled for tne 13 representative species g identified in the 1981 annual report (CP&L 1982). During the 1983 study, trout, mullet, flounder, and shrimp were not impinged in sufficient num-bers for length-f requency analysis. Even tSeph brown shrimp was seventh in total 40undance, they were impinged primPrily during June. Comparisons g could not be made with only one month of length data but the appearance of 5 brown shrimp was consistent to previous years (CP&L 1982, 1980). Therefore, bay anchovy, croaker, spot, and menhaden are the only species that are discussed. E Bay anchovy length distributions were similar to corresponding periods as reported in the 1982 annual report (CP&L 1983). The overwin-tering population of adult fish was present during all six months. The young-of-the-year bay anchovy were first collected during June (Figure g 6.1). 5 6-3

I s .ngth-frequency plots for croaker indicate the presence of young-of-the-yea r fish and almost complete absence of adult fish during 1983 (figure C.2). Only a few croaker greater than 80 nun in length were im-pinged during the 1983 study period. This trend is strikingly dif ferent fro.n previous years (CP&L 1982,1983). I 1he Januaij through April length-f requency plots for spot are similar to 1982 data (CP&L 1983). The decrease in the number of juvenile and g adult spot during May and June, however, was typical when compared to past 3 yeart (Figure 6.3). Length-frequency plots of menhaden indicate the presence of juvenile j and adult menhaden during January through March. As expected, young-of-the-year menhaden appeared in January and February and continued to be impinged through June (Figure 6.4). Length-frequency distributions for croaker, spot, and menhaden dif-fered in 1983 when compared to previous years (Cpal 1981, 1982). Juvenile f and adult spot and menhaden which appeared in the January through April catches were probably trapped in the intake canal before the diversion h structure was completed in f40vember 1982. These resident organisms were removed from the intake canal throu0h 1mpingement. Only young-of-the-year l individuals could pass freely through the diversion structure and become available for possible impingement. The absence of juvenile and adult organisms during May and June confirmed the effectiveness of the diversion l structure. Adult croaker were almost entirely excluded by the diversion structure during the study period. 6.3.3 Flow Rates I Flow rates in 1983 were below average when compared to previous years

(197/-1982). Mean monthly intake flow rates in 1983 ranged from 26 cubic l meters per second (cms) in April to 31 cms daring January, March, and j June. Mean monthly flow rates for previous years ranged from 39 cms in l June to 55 cms during January (Figure 6.5). The lower flow rates during 1983 are_ attributed to plant outages. The lower flow rates during 1983 may have also contributed to the reduced impingement. I

I I '. 6.4 Summary and Conclusions The impinaeinent rate for the first 6 months of 1983 was the lowest ever reported at the BSEP (CP&L 1979, 1981, and 1982). A 94 percent reduction occurred in 1983 impingement over the previous 6 years' average for the period January-June. This period has been one of historically greater impingement. This reduction even coupled with lower flow rates during early 1983 is evidence of the ef fectiveness of the diversion g structure. Impingement studies are being conducted di ring 1984 to further 3 document the effects .. the diversion structure on impingement. B I I I I E a I I I I I I 6-5

I l I Table 6.1 Cornary of impingement at the BSEP durirg January through June, 1983, I Total number of organisms 651,160 Total weight of organisms (Lg) 2,479 i Humber of shellfish Weight of shellfish (kg) Number of finfish 282,968 926 368,095 i Weight of finfish (kg) 11 umber of miscellaneous species 1,551 97 Weight of miscellaneous species 3 Total number of taxa 95 Species with less than 100 specimens 39 Species with less than 1000 specimens 65 Species representing mere than 2 percent of total catch 41 I I I I I I I I I l 6-6

I The ten most abundant. species and percent of the total l Rble 6.2 impingeinent catch during January through June 1983. I species Common 14ame Percent Blue crabs 22.9 Bay anchovy 17.3 g Grass shrimp 15.5 5 Atlantic croaker 11.6 Spot 6.3 Atlantic menhaden 4.0 Brown shrimp 3.1 Star drum- 2.3 Atlantic silverside 2.3 Blackcheek tong"efish 1.9 Percent of total 87.3 1 I I I I I i 8 6-7

M M M M M m M W W W W W W W W M M M M Table 6.3 Total number and weight of species impinged at the SSEP during January through June,1983. Species Scientific Nace Species Corxnon naX Nutter Weight (kg) Elcpidae Tarpons Elops saurus ladyfish 8 0.0 E. caurusfleptocephalus) iadyfish 39 0.0 Anguillidae Freshwater cels Anguilla rostrata American eel 211 12.6 Ophichthidae Snake ecis Myrophis punctatus speckled wam ec1 39 1.4 M. punctatus(leptacephalus) speckled wom cel 83 0.0 Ophichthus gamesi shrimp eel 991 41.6 Clupcidae Herrings

  ,3        AIosa aestivalis                                blueback berring           8755        18.6 Brevoortla tyrannus                             At1 ant 1c nenhaden       26013       424.1 6                                                                                                 7.4 Dorosom cepedianurt                             gizzard shad               3265 Engraulidae                                 Anchovies Anchoa spp.                                     anchovy unid.              1370         0.0 A. hepsetus                                     striped anchovy            2151         0.1 A. :-itchilM                                    bay anchovy              112559       127.8 Synodontidae                                Lizardfishes Synodus foetens                                 inshore 11zardfish           23         0.0 Cyprinidae                                  Carps and minnows Noteeigonus crysoleucas                         golden shiner                43         0.0 Catosto:nidae                               Suckers Erimzon oblongus                                creek chubsucker             11        10.2              l Batrachoididae                              Toedfishes cpsanus taa                                     oyster toadfish            2018        34.5 Goblesocidae                                C11ngfishes Cobicsox strarvsus                              skilletfish                1698         4.4 Gadidae                                     Codfishes Urophycis spp.                                  hake unid.                    8         0.0 i . usu munimin

Table 6.3 (continued) Species Cccoon itame tiember Weight (kg) Species Scientific flame southern hake 7780 25.8

              !!. floridana                                 spotted hake         11171    67.5 U. regia Ophidiidae                                   Cusk-eels crested cusk-eel        492    4.2 Ophidion pelchi Exocoetidae                                  Flyingfishes hasibeak                 30    0.0 Hyporhamphus unifasciatus.

Belonidae fleedlefishes Atlantic needlefish 96 0.2 Strongylum mrina Cyprinodontidae Killifishes munnichog 198 0.8 Fundulus heteroclitus 25 0.0 P. mjalis striped killifish

   ?       Poeciliidae                                  Livebearers m squitofiSh             38    0.0

Gambusia affinis Poecilia lacipinna sailfin molly i3 0.0 Atherinidae Silversides rough silverside 238 0.9 Membms mrcinica 56.6 Nenidia manidia Atlantic silverside 14684 Syngnathidae Pipefishes lined seahorse 59 0.0 Hippocampus erectus 689 0.8 syngnathus fuscus northern pipefish Chain pipefish 112 0.0 S. Iouisianae Serranidae sea basses rock sea bass 182 7.8 Centropristis philadelphica Centrarchidae Sunfishes centrarchus meropterus fifer 89 1.3 warmouth 351 2.5 Lepomis gulosus ' 519 3.9 L. mcrochirua bluegi11 redear sunfish 627 9.0 L. microlophus 10 0.0 Pomris nigromculatus ~ lack cra;> pie u

i {M h 'E 'N SE 1 __

m m m mM M " " wmmm gas men sua m em m M Table 6.3 (continued) Species Scientific Name Species Cocnon Name Number 'deight (ig) Pocatomidae Pluefishes Po=utomus saltatri: bluefish 484 8.5 Carangidae Jacts caranz hippos crevalle jack 2499 1.1 selene poner lookdown 70 0.0 Lutjanidae Snappers Lutjanus griseus gray snapper 15 0.6 Spartdae Porgies Archocargua probatocephalue sheepshead 49 0.8 Lagcdon rhomboidsa pinfisb 1923 20.7 l T g Sciaenidae Drums Bairdietta chrysoura s11ter perch 442 11.4 Cynoscion nebu osus spotted seatrout 150 4.5 C. regalis weatfish 298 11.6 Larir:us faaciutus banded drun 8 0.0 Leiostomus =1nthurus spot 41231 336.4 Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker 75360 100.C Pogonias cromis black drum 19 2.3 Sciaenops ocel!atus red drum 669 1.2 stellifer Ianceolatus star drum 15162 33.6 Mugilidae Mullets Mugil cephalus strfped mullet 2815 35.6 Sphyraenidae Barracudas sphyraana borealis northern sennet 291 0.2 Urano:copidae Stargazers Astroscopus spp. stargazer unid. 14 0.0 A. guttatus ncrthern stargazer 52 0.0 , A. 3-gruecam southern stargazer 77 0.1 l Blenniidae Coubtocth blennies

Table 6.3 (continued) Species Cotnon !iame Number Weight (kg) Species Scientific Name striped blenny 91 0.2 Chasmodes bosquianus 8 0.0 Hypteurochilus geminatus crested blenny feather blenny 239 0.6 Hypochlennius hentzi 2090 4.8 N. ionthas freckled blenny Gobiidae Gobies darter goby 25 0.1 Gobionel!us boleoso u 38 0.2 C. hastatus sharptail goby naked goby 122 0.1 Gobiosam bosci 20 0.0 Microgobius thalassinus green goby Trichiuridae Cutlassfishes 5.2 T' Atlantic cutlassfish 1213

Trichiurus lepturus Stromateidae Butterfishes 0.0 39 Pepritus triacanthus butterfish Triglidae Searobins leopard searobin 38 0.1 Prionotus scitulus 6382 6.8 P. tribulus bighead searobin Bothidae Lef teye flounders ocellated flounder 15c 0.2 Ancylopsetta quadvocellata 272 0.4 Citharichthys spitopterus bay whiff l

fringed flounder 1006 2.0 Etropus crossotus 15 0.0 Pan 21ichthys albigatta gulf flounder 3.0 suaaer f1ounder 506 P. dentatus 450 37.0 P. Isthostigm southern flounder 3.7 windowpane 351 Scophthalmus aquoeuc Soleidae Soles hogchoker 2196 11.9 Trinectes enculatus Cynoglossidae Tonguefishes blackcheck tonguefish 12661 38.0 Symphurus plagiusa Balistidae Leatherjackets m MM M M M a mmm M5 m m Em W W M M M l l ----

                                                                                                                                                      '%           ~    sc             ,,4.,
                                                                                                                            ,',e
                                                                                                        ~

O 9 eg =_

w

                %.~ g '. , '. . . . .
                                ,. s a.,              .                                      a                          .
  ~

l 'a 1 , E ?e

a. . .

a. wr,..

                                                                                                                               .. ,-                                                 s
                            ~                        +

M~M L '- < Y M M MM M M M M M M %NT4 j[ .. .B Tabie 6.3 (continued)

-~

Species icientific Name Species Common Nmne Humber 4 Jht (k f Atuterus schoepfi scange f1lefish 81 0.1 Monacanthus *ispidus p1enehend filefish 1561 0.3 Tetraodontidae Puffers Sphoeroides mculatus northern yv 'e;~ 146 0.1 Squi na empuaa

mantis shrimp 28 0.0 i Penacea aztecus brown shrimp 20172 34.5 P. duorarun pink shrimp 3443 6.8 .i 8.S 'l white shriap 2843 i P. setiferus t-con or hardback shrimp 651 0.4

                 ,q                Tachypeneus c.              .    "etus Jicyonia spp.                                            rock shrimp                                      8                 0.0 Palasmonetes'            '

grass shrim.9 101148 44.9 Alpheus spp. snapping shrinp 5261 5.7 Upogebia spp. and callianass spp. aud shrinos 23 0.0 Ovatipes spp. calico crabs 39 0.1 Callinectes spp. bluc crabs 149360 824.7 Lottiguncula brevis brf*f squid 69 0.1 Malaclemys termpin diamondback terrapin 20 3.0

                                                                        ,                                                                                                                     u

Table 6.4 Total impingement of organisms at the BSEP during January through June, 1977-1983. I lear Number Weight (kg) 1977 11,870,184 75,081 g D78 14,678,454 98,740 m 1979 6,017,935 24,330 1980 7,098,718 56,168 1981 6,808,753 53,036 1982 19,089,793 70,227 1983 651,160 2,479 Mean (1377-1982) 10,927,306 62,930 1985 reduction over previous year: (1977-1982) 94% 96% e a I I I I I I 6-13 ,

I I _ N > TOTAL NUMBER 4a-2a-N = 2437 JAN . JTT - .I 4a-

                                                      ~
                                                  -                                        N =1559
                                          #                   1 4.-

N = 9021 ma- __

~~

g l n man e I 5 T 4n-

go, ,- APn O

                                                        -                                   N = 982
                                                            ~

za- - r MAY . " i-4a-N =554

2e- - ou" a , r g ...................... t i i t i i i i i E

                                   .13235:33:21                                  30   03:23 sneezes LessTH IN NN.

Figure 6.1 Length-frequency distribution of bay anchovy impinged at the BSEP January - June.1933. I 6-14 I

I N = TOTAL NUMBER I l 4m-N -1093 5 gg , _ _

       <a-N = S10 20-gg,    ,        n _ tt         L             _

4._ N =1152 am-man e -

E

**~

29-N = 382 I APR S

de-N = i77 5 2.- a MAY 0 40-Q. N =175 2D-

                                      ~
  #N      *
             ....              . . i i . . . . . . . . . . .i e

aE.25kbbbk!!!!!!!!!!! SPECIES LEN3TM IN MM. Figure 5 2 Length-frequency distriMtion os Atlantic menhaden impinged at the BSEP January - June,1983. E 6-15

   -                                                             n I

I N = TOTAL NUMBER i <e-N = 1921 re-

                      '                 "        h JAN O      -

g N =504 re- ~ I ,.. . - - 4e-N = 1128 to-MAR S e I V .- N =155 ze-APR e. I m

           <e-
                               -                                                      N=5%

re- - a- I MAY m-E - N =926 re-JUN 2 " ' ~

                '     '        '     i    i  i     .     .   .    ,    ,   ,,,,,

I - : : : i i i i i i 8PECICS LENGTH IN y, I rigure 6.3 Length frequency distribution of spot impinged at the BSEP Janucry - J une,1983. e->e g

I I N = TOTAL NUMBE R g

                ;                                                                                           y 4e-                                                                                             .

N =1021

     .JAN    0-4a-N = 1296 co-FCD     a 4a-N = 6466 22-             1 E

R MAR a- -- k - E T 40-N = 1032 20-

                            "1 l

Apg g....r N'- 40-N = 448 8 2a-l MAY 0 4a - N =465 . N a , ' ,' , {, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,, e aEa:Skbkkk!!!!!!!!!!! SPEC C3 LENGTH IN MM. l Figure 6.4 Lengtlefrequency distribution of Atlantic croaker impinged at the BSEP January - June,1983. o-17

             ..         -     . - .     .        _ _ .      ~     .     . . . ~ - _ _ .      - _ -           . _ . .      . .. . _ . . . -

1 I I I ssa

                    .N s N

s O =1983

s a = Avg.1977+1982 A s k I -

                                          %s s

s N g

                                                           's" 's 45-                                                    ,

{ i - ..,, ! L . 's s I 0 40-

          \\
                                                                                                               's i

h I N:s-I C H .1 0

 $        S30;          \
 => -

25-h g .

I JAN l l FEB I HAR i APR I HAY I JUtl - l' ?QlTH I Figure 6.5 Menn monthly rates of water entrained at the 11SEP January - 7une,1977-1983. 6-18 i

I

7.0 REFERENCES

CP&L. 1979. Impingement studies at the Brunswick Steam Electric Plant, 3974-1978. Carolina Power & Light Company, New Hill, NC.

                   . 1980a. Interpretive -eport. BSEP Cape Fear studies. 3 Cdrolina Power & Light Company, New Hill, NC.                             3
                   . 1980b.      1979 monitoring program. BSEP Cape Fear Carolina Power & Light Company, New Hill,
 ~

studies, Supplement 1. NC.

 ~
                   . 1982. Brunswick Steam Electric Plant, annual biologi-cal monitoring report, 1981.         Carolina Power & Light Company, New Hill, NC.
                   . 1983. Brunswick Steam Electric Plant, annual biologi-cal monitoring report, 1982. Cero11nc Power & Light Company, New Hill, NC.

Copeland, B. J . , R. G. Hodson, and R. J. Monroe. 1970 Larvae and postlarvae in the Cape Fear estuary, North Carolina, K ing opera-tion of the Brunswick Steam Electric Plant, 1974-1978. North Caro-lir.a State University, Raleigh, PC. Gosner, K. L. 1971. Guide to identification of marine and estuarine g invertebrates. Ahn Wiley & Sons, New York. 3 Hodson, R. G. 1979. Utilization of marsh habitats as primary nursery areas by young fish and shrimp, Cape Fear estuary, North Carolina. BSEP Cape Fear Studies, Volume Vill. North Carolina State Univer-sity, Raleigh, NC. B Weinstein, M. P. 1979a. High marsh study, Cape Fear River, 1978. BSEP E Cape Fear studies, Volume IX. Lawler, Matusky & Skelly Engineers, Pearl River, NY, 19790. Shallow marsh hebitats as primary nurseries for fishes and shellfish, Cape Fear River, North Carolina. Fish. Bull. 77:339-357. I I I I 7-1 l 1}}

ML20079M962

Text

7.0 REFERENCES

7.0 REFERENCES

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