ML20057B777
| ML20057B777 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07000008 |
| Issue date: | 09/15/1993 |
| From: | Brown S, Layendecker S, Walker T Battelle Memorial Institute, COLUMBUS LABORATORIES |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20057B776 | List: |
| References | |
| BCLDP-091593, BCLDP-91593, NUDOCS 9309230249 | |
| Download: ML20057B777 (82) | |
Text
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BCLDP 091593 y
3.
SITE ENVIRONMENTAL y
REPORT For Calendar Year i
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1992 on Radiological and Nonradiological J
Parameters D-i To I
United States Department of Energy-jz DOE Field Office, Chicago
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September 15, 1993
.OBatteIIe Putting Technology la 1%rk 2
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- c BCLDP-091593 e
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Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992
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Radiological and Nonradiological Parameters
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United States Department of Energy DOE Field Office, Chicago September 15, 3993
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by
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Safety, IIcalth and Environmental Support
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Battelle Columbus Laboratories Decommissioning Project A*
Battelle
. Putting Techn&gy lo %nd
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APPROVAL LIST F/M/3 APPROVED BY s
Stephen' Layeffde'ckfr Manager, Safety, Health and Environmental Support 9
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APPROVED BY Scott Brown e
Manager, Quality O
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APPROVED BY
$ 11 k AAM k
I Timothy Walker BCLDP Health Physics Oversight Manager O
APPROVED BY E
/3!73 Patrick Gorman BCLDP Environmental Oversight Manager O'
l Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Approval Page 09/15/93 i
Ol
D i
FOREWORD This report was prepared for the Battelle Columbus Laboratories Decommissioning Project (BCLDP) by staff in the S
Regulatory Compliance and Environment, Safety, and Health Oversight group.
The radiological monitoring data were supplied by environmental and operational health physics staff.
Almost all radioanalyses of environmental air, water, grass, soil, J
sediment, and food crop samples were performed by the BCLDP Radioanalytical Laboratory. Certain plutonium and strontium analyses were performed by IT Corporation. Non-radiological 3
analyses of environmental water samples were performed by the Columbus Water and Chemical Testing Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio, and Kemron Environmental Services, Marietta, Ohio.
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Site Environmental Report 09/15/93 for Calendar Year 1992 Page iii g
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Contents h'
Page Foreword...........
iii List of Tables vii List of Figures........................................
ix h
Executive Summary.....
1 i
Introduction........................................
4
).
Site Descriptions.......
4 Demography...
8 i
Climatology 11 Geology..... -...
12
)
Hydrology 13 Background Radiological Characteristics........
14 Facility Description 15
!j The King Avenue Site.....
15 The West Jefferson Site.....
18 Compliance Summary...
20 Calendar Year 1992 20 January 1,1993 - March 31,1993 23 l
Environmental Program Information....................
25 i
Environmental Radiological Monitoring 27 l
West Jefferson Site....
28 i
I i
Air-Radioactive.................................
28 f
Water Monitoring--Radioactive...
30 Grass and Food Crops-Radioactive....................
38 Garden Crops--Radioactive..........................
38 Sediment--Radioactive.............................
43 Soil--Radioactive 43 Fish--Radioactive..................
46
)
Background Radiation levels.........................
46 Fence Post Dose Estimate.........
46 Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page v 09/15/93
3 Contents (continued)
Page e
50 King Avenue Site.
Air--Radioactive 50 Water--Radioactive.
50 g
52 Soil--Radioactive 53 Vegetation--Radioactive 54 Environmental Nonradiological Program Information.
57 Groundwater Protection 61 Evaluation of Dose to the Public Estimated Dose to the Public from the King Avenue Site Emissions During 1992 61 Estimated Dose to the Public from the West Jefferson Site Emissions During 1992..
63 Atmospheric Discharges 63 64 Liquid Discharges.
65 Calculation of Atmospheric Dispersion Parameters.
Computation of Dose Equivalent Rates to Nearby 65 Individuals and Population Groups.
O Estimated Radiation Dose to the Public from Liquid Discharges.
67 Radiation Dose from Swimming (External Whole Body) 67 68 Radiation Dose During Boating and Waterskiing Radiation Dose from Drinking Water.
68 g,
68 Quality Assurance 71 References Appendix Environmental Report External Distribution List 72 O
Site Environmental Report for Calender Year 1992 Page vi 09/15/93 9!
o Tables D
Table 1.
Battelle King Avenue Site Population Within 80-km (50-mile) Radiu s................................
9 Table 2.
Battelle West Jefferson Site Population Within 80-km (50-mile) Radius..........
10.
0-Table 3.
Annual Radionuclide Release Inventory-West Jefferson Site--1992..............
29 Table 4.
Summary of Atmospheric Radioactive Emissions-O West Jefferson Site--1992..........................
31 i
Table 5.
Summary of Specific Radionuclides from Stack Emissions--
West Jefferson Site--1992.................
32 O
Table 6.
Summary of Site Boundary Air Sample Analyses--
West Jefferson Site-- 1992..........................
34 Table 7.
Summary of Liquid Radioactive Emissions--West Jefferson S i te-- 1992...................................
36 O
Table 8.
Summary of Radiological Analyses of Environmental Water Samples--West Jefferson Site--1992................
37 Table 9.
Summary of Radiological Analyses of Grass--West Jefferson
'o Site--1992 40 Table 10.
Summary of Radiological Analyses of Food Crops--
West Jefferson Site--1992..........
41 O
Table 11.
Summary of Radiological Analyses of Garden Crops--
West Jefferson Site-1992..........................
42 Table 12.
Summary of Radiological Analyses of Sediment Samples--
West Jefferson Site--1992.........................
44
,O Table 13.
Summary of Soil Analyses--West Je.fferson Site--1992.........
45 Table 14.
Summary of Fish Tissue Analyses--West Jefferson Site--
1992.......................................
47 0
.i Site Environmental Report f r Calendar Year 1992 Page vii 09/15/93 O
O\\
Tables i
(Continued)
PRC Si Table 15.
Integrated External Background Radiation Measurements at Recreation Area and Property Boundary Line--
West Jefferson Site--1992..............
49 0
Table 16.
Radiological Analyses of Environmental Air Samples--
King Avenue Site--1992 51 Table 17.
Radiological Analyses of Liquid Discharges--
52 King Avenue Site--1992 9
Table 18.
Radiological Analyses of Soil Samples--
53 King Avenue Site--1992 Table 19.
Radiological Analyses of Vegetation Samples--
King Avenue Site--1992 54 9:
Table 20.
Nonradiological Water Effluent Analyses--
56 West Jefferson Site--1992 Table 21.
Radiological Analyses of Groundwater--
g 60 West Jefferson Site--1992 Table 22.
Nonradiological Analyses of Groundwater--
62 West Jefferson Site--1992 Table 23.
Arithmetic Average Wind Speeds and Frequency 66 (Wind Towards)..
Table 24.
Maximum X/Q Dispersion Values at the 67 West Jefferson Site from JN-1 and JN-2 Stacks 9
9:
Site Environmental Repon 09/15/93 for Calendar Year 1992 Page viii 9
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,4 Figures l
Figure 1.
Regional Map for King Avenue and West Jefferson Sites 5
Figure 2.
local Vicinity Map of King Avenue Site 6
Figure 3.
Iocal Vicinity Map of Nuclear Sciences Area--
West Jefferson Site 7
g Figure 4.
Battelle King Avenue Laboratories....................
16 Figure 5.
Nuclear Sciences Area--West Jefferson Site...............
~ 17 O
Figure 6.
Map of Site Boundary Air Sampling locations and Battelle Lake and Darby Creek Water and Sediment Sampling Locations 33 Figure 7.
Map of Grass, Food Crop, and Soil Sampling Locations.......
39 Figure 8.
Map of TLD locations Within 3/4-Mile Radius of the Nuclear Sciences Area 48 i
Figure 9.
North Site Groundwater Monitoring Wells 58 O
Figure 10.
Recommended Remedial Action for Remediated Filter Bed Area (Shaded. Area) 59 b
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l Site Environmental Report lb for Calendar Year 1992 Page ix 09/15/93 l
'O Executive Summary
- O Battelle Memorial Institute's nuclear research facilities are currently being maintained in a surveillance and maintenance (S&M) mode with increasing decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) activities under Department of Energy (DOE) Contract i
W-7405-ENG-92.
These activities are referred to under the Contract as the Battelle Columbus Laboratories Decommissioning Project (BCLDP). All operations referred to in this report are those activities in support of S&M and D&D. Environmental monitoring was O
continued to demonstrate compliance by Battelle with all federal, state, and local regulations.
The only routine non-radiological monitoring in association with the BCLDP is done for the j
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit 41N00004*DD for the est Jefferson Nuclear Sciences Area, and groundwater monitoring wells at the West IO I
Jefferson site.
l Routine monitoring of liquid and atmospheric emissions at the King Avenue and d
West Jefferson Nuclear Sciences Area was conducted.
In addition, samples of various O
environmental media including air, water, grass, fish, food crop, sediment, and soil were
~
collected from the region surrounding the two sites and analyzed.
The environmental surveillance activities were performed in accordance with established Standard Operating Procedures.
O Battelle's King Avenue facility is not considered in this report to the same extent as the West Jefferson site because the source term at King Avenue is a fraction of the source term at West Jefferson and the vast majority of material associated with the BCLDP at King Avenue is fixed contamination.
Off-site levels of mdionuclides that may be
.O attributable to the West Jefferson nuclear operation were indistinguishable from background l
levels at specific locations for air, water, and direct radiation measurement.
The Annual Radionuclide Release Inventory is a list of minimum detectable quantities
- O of isotopes suspected but not identified in samples. Suspected isotopes are those expected to be found in the residual fuel contamination left from previous fuel work.
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Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 1 09/15/93
'O 4
Q' The data are summarized as follows:
There was a slightly elevated reading of total suspended solids in a monthly sample required under the West Jefferson NPDES Permit, as well as an exceedance of the pH in another month. These readings were reponed to Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OPEA) and follow-up sampling has revealed no further problems. None of these conditions are directly attributable to BCLDP activities. A discussion of releases is found in the section e'
on Environmental Nonradiological Program Information on page 54 of this report.
No isotopes were present above minimum detectable levels (MDL) for air releases or for liquid discharges to Darby Creek from the West Jefferson Nuclear Science Area. MDL values for specific isotopes not detected were used to determine the percentage of the respective DOE 5400.5 derived concentration guide (DCG) for an individual radionuclide released to an unrestricted area. Concentrations observed at downstream sampling locations were statistically indistinguishable from background levels.
e-West Jefferson nuclear operations during 1992 caused no distinguishable impact on concentrations of airborne radionuclides nor on extemal radiation doses measured adjacent to the West Jefferson site and the site boundary. Radionuclides detected in food crop, grass, e
creek bottom sediment, fish, and soil samples (e.g., uranium or cesium-137) were attributed to previous atmospheric nuclear tests, Chernobyl fallout, or natural sources.
The estimated effective dose equivalent to a nearby resident from nuclear operations at the West Jefferson site was calculated using CAP 88-PC to be 0.061 mrem /yr, with a e
maximum organ dose to the endosteum of 0.431 mrem /yr.
The whole body " fence-post" exposure during 1992, for external radiation at the site boundary line, was at background levels at Ken Jockety Camp, the Girl Scout camp adjacent G
to the Battelle property line 0.4 km northeast of the boundary of the nuclear site.
An estimated dose of 120 mrem /yr was verified through the use of thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) placed at the site boundary. This is the same as the national average for total background radiation. A discussion of how the " fence-post" exposure was determined is given in the text on page 48.
8, Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 2 09/15/93 e'
O The estimated collective population dose (effective dose equivalent) for the total population within 80 km is 0.098 person-rem / year. The doses presented in this report are g
calculated, rather than measured, and they represent potential rather than actual doses.
D&D activities during the year involved site and building characterization at West Jefferson, and room and/or building characterization at King Avenue.
Some of the D
radioactively contaminated sump sludge waste at the King Avenue site was identified as TSCA or RCRA mixed waste. This waste was removed and packaged in 1991, and shipped for disposal at the DOE Hanford facility near Richland, Washington, in January 1992.
D D
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site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 3 09/15/93
O Introduction e.
Surveillance and maintenance (S&M) activities, performed under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-92, Memorandum of Understanding, August 14, 1986, were conducted at Battelle's King Avenue site and the West Jefferson Nuclear Science Area site. Figure 1 is a regional area map, covering an 80-km (50-mile) radius and shows both sites. Some Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensed activities are conducted at both sites, but are not addressed specifically in this report. This report makes no distinction between effluents that if may result from contract or licensed activities.
<I Site Descriptions o'
The Battelle King Avenue facility is located at 39' 59'N, 83' 03'W in the western central portion of the city of Columbus, Ohio.
The 10-acre plot, scommodating 21 buildings, is bounded on the north by King Avenue, Battelle Boulevard to the east, partly by Fourth Avenue and Fifth Avenue to the south, and the Olentangy River to the west.
9.
Figure 2 shows the property boundary of the Battelle King Avenue site.
It indicates the location of Building 3, which houses facilities formerly used in uranium processing.
The West Jefferson site (Figure 3) is located at 39' 58'N, 83' 15'W, approximately e
15 statute miles west of the King Avenue facility. The West Jefferson site consists of a 1,000-acre tract, which accommodates the Engineering Area in the southeastern portion, the Middle Area in the east central portion, and the Nuclear Sciences Area in the northern portion. The northern boundary of the site lies approximately one mile south of Interstate S
Highway 70 and extends from the Georgesville-Plain City Road eastward to the Big Darby Creek. The eastern boundary of the site roughly parallels the valley of the Big Darby Creek southward to the Conrail tracks, which constitute the southern boundary. The Georgesville-O Plain City Road defines the western boundary of the site.
For this report, the focus of interest is the Nuclear Sciences Area at the West Jefferson site. It is indicated by the shaded area of Figure 3.
The Nuclear Sciences Area consists of a 10-acre fenced area enclosing a guardhouse, four buiv.ngs, and two other small Site Environmental Repon for Calendar Year 1992 Page 4 09/15/93 9
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FIGURE 1. REGIONAL MAP FOR KING AVENUE AND WEST JEFFERSON SITES Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 5 09/15/93
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i FIGURE 2. LOCAL VICINITY MAP OF KING AVENUE SITE i
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O' structures on a flat bluff; Battelle Lake lies to the south and Big Darby Creek lies to the cast.
The eastern edge of the bluff drops rather abruptly from an average elevation of 910 feet to O
870 feet mean sea level (MSL), then more gradually to the 860-foot elevation of the Big Darby Creek floodplain. Battelle property extends to the north, west, and south. Some is leased to farmers, typically for raising field crops such as corn or soy beans. The site includes two narrow wooded strips, one along the northem portion of the fence around the SI Nuclear Sciences facility, and the other about 1,000 feet to the northeast of the center of the site. To the east, within the Big Darby floodplain and along the bluffs to the east of the Creek, the land is heavily vegetated with deciduous trees, scrub, and high grasses.
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Demography The area within a two-mile radius of the Battelle King Avenue facility to the east and O'
south can be characterized as high-density residential. The Ohio State U....rsity, with a student enrollment of approximately 60,000 and an employee staff of approximately 29,700, is adjacent to the King Avenue facility on the north. The area west of the Olentangy River O
consists mainly of small business and light industrial properties, with scattered residential patches. Table IW gives data on the population distribution within a 50-mile radius of the King Avenue facility.
The area immediately adjacent to the West Jefferson site has a low population density. Table 2 gives the population distribution, by direction and distance, within 50 miles of Battelle's West Jefferson site. The nearest residences to the Nuclear Sciences area are-two houses located 2,500 feet to the northwest and southwest, respectively.
Camp Ken Jockety, a Girl Scout camp, is located on a bluff on the east side of the Big Darby Creek at a distance of 1,640 feet from the center of the site. Four thousand feet to the southeast, on the eastern side of the Big Darby Creek, the Lake Darby Estates residential subdivision (Figure 3) currently contains a total of 965 single family units. A second subdivision, West Point, east of the Lake Darby Estates and Hubbard Road, has approximately 540 housing units.
G' Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 8 09/15/93 9;
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h,5 TAllLE I.11ATI' Ell.E KING AVENUE SITE l'OPULATION WITIIIN 80-KM (50-Mil.E) IIADIUS")
n
- < N Ek Distance in km (miles) 52 0-1,6 1.6-3.2 3.2-4.8 4.8-6.4 6.4-8.1 8.1-16.1 16.1-32.2 32.2-48.3 48.3-64.4 64.4-80.5 9
(0-1)
(1-2)
(2-3)
(3-4)
(4-5)
(5-10)
(10-20)
(20-30)
(30-40)
(40-50)
Total
.1 N
415 7,073 4,743 9,300 6,266 41,589 17,811 24,971 10,235 50,510 172,913 NNE 2,890 12,472 12,223 9,305 9,961 69,843 32,146 7,108 9,115 12,899 177,962 NE 2,304 9,800 4,582 12,052 10,715 33,559 19,594 8,583 11,405 26,489 139,083 ENE 1,901 2,128 5,107 3,126 6,195 27,062 9,099 12,645 25,754 7,274 100,291 E
2,379 1,105 4,986 5,327 7,225 36,093 36,855 19,378 46,659 It,822 171,829 ESE I,134 364 7.640 10,947 8,032 68,632 34,961 13,446 10,027 13,757 168,940 28 SE 457 428 5,398 15,858 8,735 14,322 12,705 41,722 13.018 15,378 128,021 SSE O
1,565 2,348 8,386 4,042 21,398 8,243 10,362 7,901 4,567 68,812 e
S 0
3,513 3,573 1,168 758 2,783 5,905 15,197 6,738 43,264 82,899 SSW 0
4,735 3,973 4,015 3,088 23,462 10,011 2,354 4,402 12,858 68,898 SW 8
1,475 7,100 13,473 8,479 11,219 6,709 4,478 19,966 7,430 80,337 WSW 699 41 2,991 7,369 4,328 30,307 3,473 11,698 5,024 20,726 86,656 W
I,534 2,600 1,316 2,225 2,327 5,477 10,245 7,340 25,726 99,540 158,330 WNW 1,046 4,706 3,913 1,082 I,964 14,483 3,634 5,I6I I6,047 13,706 65,742 NW 82 3,972 4,742 5,617 6,143 18,169 9,512 15,678 4,592 18,042 86,549 NNW 21 669 702 5,487 4,489 47,202 31,149 6,090 8,483 6,158 110,450 Total 14,870 56,646 75,337 114,737 92,747 465,600 252,052 206,211 225,092 364,420 1,867,712 l
- U.S.11ureau of the Census,1990 Population Data, prepared by Ohio Department of Development.
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U gx TABLE 2. DATTELLE WEST JEITERSON SITE POPULATION WITillN 80-KM (50-MILE) RADIUS '
'N Distance, km (miles) 0-0.25 0.25 4.75 0.75-1.5 1.5-2.5 2.5-3.5 3.5 -4.5 4.5-7.5 7.5-15 15-25 25-35 3545 45-55 55-70 Directimi (0- 0.2)
(0.2-0.5)
(0.54.9)
(0.9-l.6)
(1,6-2.2)
(2.2-2.8)
(2.8-4.7)
(4.7-9.3)
(9.3-15)
(15-21) (2128) (28-34)
(34-43)
Total N
O O
O O
O O
O 2705 2641 3331 3552 5418 55579 73219 NNW 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 2333 l1675 2212 3061 7065 26346 NV/
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 3071 1287 2055 1782 5763 24201 38159 VVN\\V 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1033 3288 1529 13828 2949 9707 32334 W
0 0
0 0
0 0
717 1020 4615 1333 90022 26249 79387 203343 y
WSW 0
0 0
0 0
0 797 5611 3905 0
861 12543 176422 200139 1
SW 0
0 0
0 2602 0
573 1837 328 710 3812 6853 16705 32720 0
SSW 0
0 0
0 2046 0
320 1656 1642 976 8788 10199 11921 37548 5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2807 2199 2176 2809 14890 24881 SSE O
O O
O O
o 55 6325 3726 837 11171 1608 44798 68520 SE o
0 0
0 0
0 4477 5592 8271 6486 11446 3399 10303 49974 ESE O
O O
O O
O 4312 55327 36474 18070 12787 22041 42086 191097 E
O O
O O
O O
3282 84555 204255 100483 18087 7393 69779 487834 ENE o
0 0
0 0
0 677 50903 177302 47221 4039 9908 20086 310136 NE O
l 0
0 0
0 854 20317 34864 9203 6955 2119 18770 93083 NNE O
O O
O O
O 2458 4158 2559 12434 13663 5086 17946 58304 Tota!
O I
o O
4648 0
18522 243410 490297 218542 205181 127391 619645 1927637
"' O.S. Dureau of the Census.1990 Population Data, prepared by Ohio Department of Develornwnt.
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D The primary agricultural activity in the area is raising field crops such as corn and I
soybeans.
Approximately 10 percent of the land area in agricultural use is devoted to O
pasturing beef cattle.
Two major highways, I-70 and I-270, are near the West Jefferson site. The junction l
of these highways, which lies near the eastern edge of the IO-mile perimeter around the O
Nuclear Sciences Area, has proven to be a popular area for industrial growth. It is estimated that the industrial population has shown an increase equivalent to that of the general population in this area, i.e., two and one-half times the 10-mile population distribution for i
1965.
D Climatology i
Climatology of the south-central Ohio region may be described as continental-p temperate. As such, the region is subject to a wide seasonal range in temperature. Summers are quite warm; the mean temperature for the months of June, July, and August is 73.3 F.
i Temperatures of 90 F or above are expected for about 15 days during these months. The i
i O
mean for the months of December, January, and February is 31.2 F. The number of days l
per year with temperatures below 32 F and below 0 F are 122 and 4, respectively.
l Precipitation is distributed fairly uniformly during the year, although 60 percent falls t
l during the spring-summer seasons. The annual monthly average rainfall is about 3.5 inches.
O The greatest recorded rainfall for any 24-hour period was 5.16 inches in July of 1992.
Changeable wind directions are characteristic of the region because of the incursion l
of maritime tropical air masses from the Gulf of Mexico and outbreaks of continental polar D
air masses from Canada. Warm air mass inversion is most common during the later spring l
~
l and summer and frequently results in frontal showers and thundershowers. Tropical air mass thunderstorms are also common during the summer and are frequently accompanied by high winds. Additionally, it is not uncommon for hot air mass thunderstorm development to be O
sufficiently strong to spawn tornado activity. Cold fronts that invade the region, principally during the late fall, winter, and early spring, also bring showers and thunderstorms.
O
[
Site Environmental Report f
for Calendar Year 1992 Page 11 09/15/93 O
l
c' During the late spring, fast-moving cold fronts, with large temperature discontinuities ahead of and behind the frontal surface, travel through the region and are often accompanied by thunderstorms and frequently by tr..adic activity. Of the 567 tornadoes recorded within 144 miles of the Battelle facilities during the period 1950-1975, 163 have occurred in the month of April.
The regional climatological data gathered by the National Weather Service at Port o'
Columbus, seven miles east-northeast of the King Avenue facility, is generally representative of the local climatic conditions at the Columbus site. Data from Port Columbus are used to prepare wind rose patterns and tables of average wind speed and direction.
Detailed meteorological data ior the Columbus, Ohio area is also included in the air model (CAP 88-PC) used to prepare this Site Environmental Report.
Geology e
The arrangement of geological strata underlying the Battelle facilines area consists of glacial till and outwash with formations of clay, sands, and gravel. The sands and gravel 9.
of the outwash are found in scattered, thin, discontinuous lenses within the till, which is composed of unstratified clay containing fragments of rock. The unglaciated basement formations in the West Jeffersen area lie at depths ranging from about 80 to 100 feet below the surface. They consist of nearly horizontal beds of limestone, dolomite, and shale several e
hundreds of feet thick. Surface soils consist of patches and mixtures of Brookston silty clay loam, Crosby silt loam, Lewisburg silt loam, Celina silt loam, and Miamian silt loam. The greatest portion of the surface soils is represented by the Brookston-Crosby Association with 4
little more than traces representing the remaining types.
All of these soil types exhibit relatively low permeability; all grade into till clay at depths of 55 to 60 inches where the impermeability of the near-surface geology nearly precludes further percolation.
G!
- l 1
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 12 09/15/93 9
r i
0 No recorded earthquakes have occurred within 50 miles of the area of interest, although in 1937 a strong quake was experienced at Anna, Ohio, a little over 50 miles to the O
northwest of the West Jefferson site. The Columbus-West Jefferson areas are, however, considered to be in a nonseismic region. The Battelle facilities are in a Universal Building Code (UBC) Seismic Zone 1 low-risk area.
O Ilydrology Two aquifers, or underground sources of water, are located in the site area. The shallow aquifer is in the dense clay till. The deep or principal aquifer is in the limestone bedrock underlying the till. Earlier wells in the site area ranged in depth from 10 to 40 feet, which placed them in the glacial deposits.
Till is not very permeable and yields water 9
slowly. The effective velocity of water moving through clay under a hydraulic gradient of one percent is reported to be less than 0.004 foot per day; for water moving through silt, sand, and loess under the same gradient, the rate is between 0.0042 and 0.065 foot per day.
Water movement in the till at the Battelle site is probably within the range of the former figure, since the hydraulic gradient of the water table in the area is only slightly greater than one percent.
The present supply wells at the Battelle facility lie below the surface of the bedrock.
O The north well is 130 feet deep, the centrally located well in the Middle area is 162 feet deep, and the South area well is 138 feet deep. Bedrock was encountered at approximately 103 feet below the surface in drilling these wells.
E c feature of the site is the artificial lake. It covers an area of i
A m n-m de hydr 1 O
about 25 acres and was formed by damming Silver Ditch southeast of and down gradient from the Nuclear Sciences area. The normal surface elevation of the lake is 888 feet MSL.
The source of groundwater in the site area is local precipitation. Recharge to the O
shallow aquifer takes place relatively uniformly over the area. Contours of the water table, which are about 40 feet below the surface, are a subdued replica of the surface topography.
Groundwater moves downslope at right angles to the contours and follows a path similar to O
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 13 09/15/93 O
Ct surface runoff. At the Nuclear Sciences area surface runoff moves downslope into the lake, then through the controlled dam on the site into Big Darby Creek.
Test borings camed out in 1970 for an addition to the Hot Cell Laboratory (discussed in the Facility Description section) reaffirmed the geology described above. Only isolated pockets of groundwater were encountered during boring and foundation-piling excavation operations. These pockets were readily pumped out and remained dry, which e'
indicated that there is no interconnection of the pockets with the lake.
Flood water calculations for the lake indicates a capacity of releasing water that is about three times the innow rate measured during the January 1959 floods. It is concluded
,w-that the lake has not adversely affected the hydrology of the area.
Big Darby Creek accounts for the principal surface water flow. The Darbyville gauging station is the only continuous recording gauge on Darby Creek. It is located 40.46 river miles south of the West Jefferson facility. Normal Dow, recorded at Darbyville, is G
430 cubic feet per second (cfs).
Background Radiological Characteristics O
Radiation occurs from sources found in nature, as well as from man-made sources.
The four primary sources of natural radiation are: cosmic radiation from the sun and outer space, terrestrial radiation from the decay of radioactive elements in the earth; the decay of G
naturally occurring elements in the human body; and radon and its daughter products from the decay of uranium and thorium in rocks and soil.
In the United States, these natural sources of radiation produce an average dose of 6
approximately 300 mrem per year.Q Of this number about 55 percent or 162 mrem /yr comes from radon. In 1966, the natural terrestrial background for the region surrounding Battelle was measured as 60 mrem /yr by an aircraft equipped with radiation 8
instrumentation.*
This number is greater than the national average of approximately 29 mrem /yr.W The cosmic background for the State of Ohio is averaged to be 50 mrem /yr, compared to a U.S average of 29 mrem /yr.W The estimate for internal emitters within the body is considered to be approximately 40 mremlyr for the United States with only minct Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 14 09/15/93 0
I
'i i
)
~
regional variations.W As indicated in the section entitled Evaluation of Dose to the Public, the impact from Battelle's atmospheric discharges from operations is significantly less than j
I mrem /yr.
c I
i Facility Description
).
The center of S&M activities at the Battelle King Avenue site is the former U-235 Processing Facility, located on the first floor of Building 3.
It was the nuclear materials
)-
management point for all transactions involving nuclear material at the King Avenue site.
Figure 4 shows the location of Building 3 in the King Avenue site building complex.
At the West Jefferson Nuclear Sciences Area, the major S&M operations are the result of research and development (R&D) on the properties of irradiated materials. This l
)
work was performed in the Hot Cell Laboratory (JN-1) and involved examination and testing t
ofirradiated reactor fuel, nuclear pressure vessel material, and fuel cladding material. Only residual fuel contamination and small contained sources remain onsite. Nuclear support and
)
S&M activities are conducted in the Administrative Building (JN-2) and the retired Battelle j
Research Reactor (JN-3).
Figure 5 shows the locations of these nuclear facilities in the
[
t Nuclear Sciences Area building complex.
D&D activities during the year involved site and building characterization at West j
)
Jefferson, room and/or building characterization at King Avenue, and the. actual D&D of J
Building 7A.
l l
4 The King Avenue Site
)
The former U-235 Processing Facility is located in Building 3 of the King Avenue site. This facility was constructed in the mid-1950s. It served until the late 1960s as an
)
exclusion area specifically designed for the processing and storing of unirradiated enriched
(
uranium utilized on various government and industrial R&D programs. Presently Building 3 is used for several activities, including waste storage and characterization. Access to the
)
U-235 processing area is limited and entry doors to the area are locked. A vault was used l
l
[
l Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Pye 15 09/15/93 i
).
i i
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Parking E Soll/ Vegetation (KAES /KAEV) g 005 - Uranium Processing Bidg. 3 Sewer l
l e:
FIGURE 4. BATTELLE KING AVENUE LABORATORIES l
l Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 16 09/15/93 el
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Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 p,ge 37 09/15/93 i
O, for the temporary storage of limited quantities of unirradiated enriched uranium. The U-235 area also served as a receipt and shipping, sampling, and measurement area for shipments of source materials and small quantities of unirradiated uranium that had been used on programs performed at the King Avenue site.
Tne West Jefferson Site e
Figure 5 shows the location of the four principal buildings at the West Jefferson Nuclear Sciences area: JN-1, the Hot Cell Laboratory; JN-2, the Administrative Building; 9
JN-3, a retired Research Reactor; and JN-4, the Hazardous Material Research Facility (Decommissioned Plutonium Laboratory).
Each of these facilities is described in the following paragraphs.
O-Ilot Cell Laboratory, JN-1 This laboratory contains approximately 22,000 square feet of space.
It was e
considered to be one of the most completely equipped installations available to the nuclear community.
The Hot Cell Laboratory was capable of providing research and technical assistance in the following areas:
Power reactor fuel performance evaluations Pressure vessel irradiation surveillance, and capsule examinations and evaluations Postirradiation examinations of nuclear materials and components Radiation source encapsulation Physical and mechanical property studies of irradiated materials and
- l structures.
Si Sne Environmental Repon for Calendar Year 1992 Page IS 09/15/93 9;
D The Hot Cell Laboratory consists of a large high-energy cell ar connecting pool, five smaller cells, and supporting facilities. The high-energy cell and pool are capable of handling complete power reactor fuel assemblies. The smaller cells are the high-level and low-level cells, the two mechanical test cellt, and a segmented alpha gamma cell. The supporting facilities include areas for cask handling, solid and liquid-waste disposal, p
contamination control, equipment decontamination, and other miscellaneous operadons. All of these operations have contributed to the need for surveillance and maintenance while awaiting decommissioning.
3 Administrative Building, JN-2 This building was designed and constructed fer use as a critical assembly laboratory.
Q It was used for critical experiments from 1957 through 1963. Since the cessation of critical experiments, the facility has been used for several nuclear-related projects, including direct l
conversion concepts, irradiation experiment assembly, and specid nuclear materials handling.
The operating license was terminated by Battelle in 1970 when project work was ended.
g l
These activities have made it necessary to maintain it on the S&M schedule.
Offices and small laboratories are used by nuclear supporting services staff including Section Administration, Health Physics Services, Nuclear Materials Accountability, Quality O
Assurance, and Instrument Maintenance. These activities are the major building activities at this time. The building also currently houses a vault for storage of special nuclear materials t
l and a radiochemistry laboratory for the assay of routine health physics and environmental samples.
l l
Retired Battelle Research Reactor, JN-3 l
3 The Battelle Research Reactor began operations October 29,1956. Operations were terminated on December 31, 1974, and dismantling was initiated.
The dismantling was completed without incident during 1975 and the license changed to a possession only status.
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 19 09/15/93 i
O
O Storage of waste awaiting shipment for burial is the only licensed activity conducted in JN-3 at this time.
9 Decommissioned Plutonium Laboratory, JN-4 Building JN-4 was built in 1960 to house activities in plutonium research and e
processing. These operations were terminated in 1978 and dismantling of the laboratory portion was completed in 1985. A hazardous materials research facility now operates in JN-4. The current activities involve nonradioactive materials only, s.
Compliance Summary e:
Calendar Year 1992 The BCLDP continues to maintain a state of compliance with all applicable environmental statutes, regulations, or DOE orders. No fines, penalties, or administrative 3
orders were imposed on Battelle during 1992. No lawsuits by regulatory agencies or citizen suits were brought against Battelle in 1992. There were no unresolved compliance issues during 1991 that needed to be a:idressed in 1992.
O Compliance Status in !
cine '.egulatory Areas Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation and Liability AcJ a.
(CERCLA)
No violations have occurred and no enforcement actions were taken in connection with BCLDP.
There were no releases of hazardous substances that required notification under CERCLA.
g; ei 1
Site Environmental Report 09/15/93 for Calendar Year 1992 Page 20 OI
1 3
- b. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
No violations have occurred and no enforcement actions were taken in connection with the BCLDP. Although unrelated to the BCLDP, Battelle was issued a NOV i
because not all conditions wer.; met for use of the financial test for demonstrating sufficient funds for the proper closure of the hazardous waste facility. To correct 3
the NOV, an alternative financial mechanism (i.e., the letter of credit) was chosen and submitted to Ohio EPA. An Ohio EPA inspection of the Battelle King Avenue facility revealed no violations of the hazardous waste rules.
Battelle's Part B application was revised in response to comments made by Ohio EPA.
The revised application was reviewed by Ohio EPA and found to be technically complete and adequate. The application was forwarded over to the agency that actually issues the permit (i.e., the Hazardous Waste Facility Board 3
or HWFB) for review. US EPA is reviewing the Corrective Action portion of the application, but took no action in 1992. An inventory of mixed waste in storage was completed and submitted as required by the Federal Facilities Compliance Act.
3 c.
National Environmental Poliev Act (NEPA)
All activities performed during this period were consistent with the existing 3
Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) issued in 1990.
d.
Clean Air Act (CA A) 3 All requirements under the act, including the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS), were met and no citations were issued.
D e.
Clean Water Act (CWA)
This act is administered in Ohio by the Ohio EPA. No violations have occurred and no enforcement actioris were tabo in connection with the BCLDP. Battelle p
was issued a NOV because of a minor exceedance in pH from the discharge at Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 21 09/15/93
O the well house at the West Jefferson North site.
The pH was measured at 6.2 S.U., and the NPDES permit for the site requires the discharges to have a O
pH between 6.5 and 9 S.U. In addition, there was a self-reported violation at the West Jefferson Site due to a minor exceedance of the total suspended solids limit in June. There was no impact on the environment from the exceedances, and there were no enforcement repercussions.
9 f.
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
This act is administered in Ohio by the Ohio EPA. No violations have occurred 9
and no enforcement actions were taken in connection with the BCLDP.
g.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
No violations have occurred and no enforcement actions were taken in connection S
with the BCLDP.
PCB wastes were properly stored and removed within regulatory limits.
O h.
Federal insecticide. Funcicide. and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
This act is not applicable. No pesticides are used in BCLDP activities.
- i. Endangued Species Act (ESA) e No endangered species have been identined in the areas around Battelle's King Avenue facility. At the West Jefferson Site, two species of mollusks that have been identified as having habitat near the site have recently been added to the list of endangered species, and several others are being considered for inclusion on the list. The two species are the Northern Riffleshell (Epioblasma rangiana) and the Clubshell (Pleurobema clava)*
The activities at the site are not likely to 8
jeopardize the continued existence, or result in the destruction or adversely modify habitat of any listed or potentially listed species.
Oi i
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 22 09/15/93 i
O
3
- j. National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)
This act is not applicable. No areas or structures at Battelle have been identified as subject to requirements of this Act.
- k. Executive Order 11988 " Floodplain Manacement" O
This order is not applicable because the West Jefferson site buildings are above the 100-year floodplain for Big Darby Creek.. The reference is Environmental Assessment (EA) for Battelle Columbus Laboratories Decommissioning Project, Table 4-5.A O
1.
Executive Order 11990 " Protection of Wetlands" This order is not applicable. No wetlands have been identified at Battelle.
O January 1,1993 - March 30,1993 s
O The BCLDP continues to maintain a state of compliance with all applicable environmental statutes, regulations, or DOE orders.
No fines, penalties, administrative orders, or notices of noncompliance were imposed on Battelle during the first quarter of 1993.
No lawsuits by regulatory agencies or citizen suits were brought against Battelle O,
during the same periods. Only those issues that may be related to the BCLDP are reported here.
Compliance Status in Specific Regulatory Areas a.
Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) n No violations have occurred and no enforcement actions were taken in connection with the BCLDP.
i Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 23 09/15/93
C
- b. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
No violations have occurred and no enforcement actions were taken in connection with the BCLDP. Battelle's Part B application is being reviewed by the Ohio Hazardous Waste Facility Board, who held a public hearing during this period to solicit comments from the public. The hearing was uneventful and no one gave oral testimony; USEPA is reviewing the Corrective Action ponion of the e
application.
The BCLDP began developing a site speciGc treatment plan to comply with deadlines established under the Federal Facilities Compliance Act.
c.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
No activities were performed during this period that would trigger noncompliance with NEPA.
d.
Clean Air Act (CA A)
All requirements under the act, including the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS), were met and no citations were issued.
S e.
Clean Water Act (CWA)
This act is administered in Ohio by the OEPA. No violations have occurred and no enforcement actions were taken.
O Environmental Permits The BCLDP applied to the Ohio EPA for two air permits related to project activities.
9 The air permit application for evaporation of the water in the Building JN-1 Pool was given a Director's Exemption from permitting due to the temporary nature and insignificant impact of the release.
Another air permit application was submitted to Ohio EPA for all activities associated with the project operations at the King Avenue site. The Ohio EPA determined 8
that no permitting was required due to the insignificant impact of the releases.
O Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 24 09/15/93 9
O List of Environmental Permits O
The following is a listing of all active environmental permits at Battelle Columbus Operations that may be a,sociated with the BCLDP.
Columbus Labor itory:
O a.
Air (PTO:
'ermit to Operate) 1.
Building '-Beryllium lab hood, PTO #0125040520/P002
- 2. Building 5--Beryllium Machine shop, PTO #0125040520/P003 0
b.
Water NPDES permits for King Avenue are not associated with BCLDP operations.
c.
Ilarardous Waste 1.
Ohio Hazardous Waste Permit #01-25-0572.
O 2.
U.S. EPA interim status--Part A Permit OHD007901598.
- 3. Public Utilities Commission o' Ohio (P.U.C.O.) hazardous waste transporter - MC 18902; 310-HW.
O West Jefferson Laboratory:
a.
A_ir 3
1.
Building JN-1 Boilers - 0149000074/B001, on registration status with Ohio EPA.
O
4.
Building JN-3 Boiler #0149000074/B003, on registration status with 3
b.
Water 1.
NPDES Permit 41N00004*DD f
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 25 09/15/93
C' c.
llazardous Wasat 1.
Ilazardous waste generation identification number - OHT400013892.
e Environmental Program Information e
The Battelle Columbus 12boratories Decommissioning Project (BCLDP) has an Environmental Program that consists of an environmental monitoring program, environmental compliance awareness and evaluation activities, and programs for waste minimization and pollution prevention.
There is a Waste Minimization Plan for the BCLDP. The plan addresses only the minimization of radioactive waste, because the program involves only decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of existing contaminated (or radioactive) facilities.
No other e
operations or activities generate significant quantities of waste (other than paper, which is recycled) that could be effectively minimized. Tne BCLDP Waste Manager is responsible for the annual review and updating of the Waste Minimization Plan. Waste minimization is e
also included in the Waste Quality Assurance (QA) Plan, Low-Level Waste (LLW)
Certification Plan, Transuranic (TRU) Waste Certification Plan, and D&D Work Plans.
A program for training employees in pollution prevention awareness is in place. The BCLDP Program Manager has issued a copy of DOE's Environmental Policy Statement, and e
specific instructions for compliance, to all persons involved in BCLDP operations. Pollution prevention training and awareness are addressed in the Waste Minimization Plan, and pollution prevention is also included in the support / commitment and policy statements of this e
plan.
The BCLDP Emergency Management Plan and associated procedures support an effective emergency preparedness program that: (1) has clearly defined command and control authorities, and (2) is compatible with other Battelle Columbus emergency management programs.
The Safety, Health and Environmental Support (SH&ES) Manager for the BCLDP is delegated the responsibility and the authority from the Office of the Battelle Chief e
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 26 09/15/93 e:
l 0-Executive Officer (CEO), through the Program Manager for the BCLDP, to maintain the emergency response capability for all BCLDP areas.
Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs) equipped with telephones, area maps, status boards, and other supplies are located at both the King Avenue and West Jefferson sites.
Communications capabilities and notification pathways are well organized internally to
- O facilitate notification of off-site responders and authorities, as well as Battelle senior management.
Battelle is committed to using its expertise to support and protect off-site 4
responders and the environment from site hazards during an emergency.
l lO General training on emergency procedures is provided to all employees including management, subcontractor personnel, and off-site responders. Training takes many forms, including briefings, mini-drills, table-top exercises, coached drills, and full-scale exercises.
l The impact of operations on the health and safety of the public is evaluated routinely O
by an environmental monitoring program that has been in effect since 1955. The basic 1
objective of the environmental monitoring program is to evaluate the effectiveness of the waste management program of all operations.
Concentrations of radioactive and I
n nr dioactive wastes are controlled so that effluent levels are maintained as low as O
reasonably achievable and well within applicable standards.
All effluents involving i
potentially polluting materials are contained within the operating facilities to the extent i
j possible and are disposed of as packaged wastes by authorized services.
O Environmental monitoring under the BCLDP is limited by the nature of the S&M and i
D&D activities.
With few exceptions, only radiological monitoring is being performed routinely under S&M. D&D operations have been limited to radiological precharacterization
{o and characterization of facilities, limited active decontamination, equipment removal and disposal of waste. Disposal of sludge waste from King Avenue sumps did require nonroutine i
j analysis of sludge to determine compliance with RCRA and TSCA disposal criteria. This led to the packaging and removal of 56 drums of radioactively contaminated TSCA or RCRA l
O waste in early 1992. Nonradiological monitoring performed in connection with the BCLDP is presented in a separate section following the section pertaining to radiological monitoring.
-l l
I O
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Pare 27 09/15/93 O
O The BCLDP began to implement a formal environmental oversight program in the second half of 1992. The mission of the oversight group is independent verification that the BCLDP programs for environmental compliance and environmental monitoring meet all Federal, State, and local environmental requirements.
The oversight group assists in compliance by providing technical support in evaluating applicability of requirements and conducting independent assessments and surveillances of on-going activities, e
Environmental Radiological Monitoring G
An inventory of suspected radionuclides and resultant effluent releases for air and water is presented in Table 3.
Both release inventories are based on minimum detectable kvels (MDL) of listed isotopes.
Weekly samples are screened for elevated levels of S
radioactivity by counting for gross a (alpha) and gross S y (beta-gamma). Weekly samples are composited into monthly and quarterly samples for isotopic analysis. As a conservative measure, the minimum detectable levels are assumed as positive releases for purposes of 8
establishing a release inventory and estimating maximum possible doses to the public.
West Jefferson Site 8
Air-Radioactive In-stack air samplers continuously monitor the exhaust stack effluent release from the major source contributors (i.e., JN-1, JN-2) to assess the effectiveness of systems controlling e
airborne emissions.
Eight continuous stack monitors ensure detection of any inadvertent release of radioactive materials and provide data for the prompt assessment of the environmental impact, if any (see Figure 5 for location). Particulate samples of the effluent are collected from each exhaust stack. The particulate samples are collected on Type AE O
4 glass fiber filter paper. The air is sampled at an average rate cf 2.85 x 10 cc/ min. The 3
filters are changed weekly, which represents an average sample volume of 287 m This volume is selected to facilitate the detection activity in concentrations well below regulatory
- l standards.
i Site Environ:aental Report 09/15/93 for Calendar Year 1992 Page 28
h:
Q TABLE 3. ANNUAL RADIONUCLIDE RELEASE INVENTORY (*)
WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992
)
l Air Activity ( Ci)
)
).
Sr-90 0.35 Sb-125 14.43 Cs-134 6.99 Cs-137 11.08 Eu-152 42.12 Eu-154 2.74
'-)
U-235 11.44 U-238 133.26 Pu-238 0.03 Pu-239 0.01 Am-241 20.97
)
W ater Activity ( Ci)
Co-57 5,867.2 Co-60 5,929.8 Sr-90 26.2 i
SS-125 1,595.1
)
Cs-134 854.1 Cs-137 9,793.9 Eu-152 5,447.2 Eu-154 810.8 Ra-226 30.3 p
Ra-228 23.3 1-129 232.2 U-235 4,326.1 U-238 37,182.6 r
,)
Am-241 5,083.3 (a)
Inventory is made up of suspected radionuclides and resultant effluent releases for air and water, based on MDL values. See Tables 5 and 7 for details of West Jefferson site air and water discharge.
i l
6 i
)
1 i
l Site Environmental Report i
for Calendar Year 1992 Page 29 09/15/93
O Analyses are performed on filters on a weekly basis for gross a and gross # for stacks 001 through 004, 006, 012, 013, and 014. The cumulative average concentration of 9
the a and S rrixture emitted from the stacks was many orders of magnitude below the derived coicentration guide (DCG) value at the site boundary. The results are summarized in Table 4.
Gamma emissions are implied in the table references to S. These filters are composited on a monthly basis for gamma analysis and on a quarterly basis for radiochemical 9
analysis.
Gamma spectrometric analyses were performed using an intrinsic germanium detector coupled to a Nuclear Data Model ND66 multichannel analyzer. The concentrations of the radionuclides identined were all at least 20,000 times less than the applicable DCG values at the site boundary (Table 5). The results reported represent total annual average concentration at specific stacks. The site boundary concentrations (see Tables 4 and 5) for the various exhaust stack locations were calculated by multiplying the individual stack concentrations by the atmospheric dispersion parameter computed using the atmospheric 1
1 dispersion model incorporated in computer code CAP 88-PC (see reference 12).
I l
i Supplementary air sampling was performed at four site perimeter locations during i
1992 (Figure 6). These air samples were collected continuously and analyzed on a weekly g
basis for gross a and S activities.
Quarterly composite air samples from the four site boundary locations were analyzed for Pu-238, Pu-239, Sr-90, and gamma-emitting radionuclides (Table 6).
9 Water Monitoring-Radioactive A sanitary sewage system, which is operated in accordance with State of Ohio regulations under NPDES Permit 41N00004*DD, handles all sanitary sewerage generated on the West Jefferson north site. The liquids are first treated in a 2,500-gallon septic tank and then released to a 2,160-sq-foot contained sand and gravel filter bed (Figure 5). From the filter bed the effluent goes to a chlorinating system prior to release to Big Darby Creek.
Sampling of all sanitary liquid effluents from the Nuclear Sciences Area to Big Darby Creek is performed using a continuous water sampling system after discharge from the chlorinatiug system. The effluents samples are analyzed weekly for gross a and S activity in O
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 30 09/15/93 O
I o
O TABLE 4.
SUMMARY
OF ATMOSPIIERIC RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 Number Stack -
Site O
Stack of Stack Volume Activity Stack Boundary (*)
Species Locations Samples 10' Uyr Ci/yr-10-"
Ci/mL 1 0-20 pCi/mL Gross a 001 51 2.5 0.05 0.19 0.08 0.94 i 0.40 Gross
__ _ _ _ _ _ _S_
001 51 2.5 0.76 5.64 0.15 27.9 0.74
- - - = _ _ _
--==
O Gross a 002 51 11.1 0.35 0.13 0.09 0.62 0.45 Gross #
002 51 11.1 0.76 0.50 t,,0.09 _
2.48 0.45 Gross a 003 51 4.62 0.12 0.13 0.07 0.M 0.35
__ _ _ _ _ _ _S003 51 4.62 3.91 7.89.t 0.29 39.1 i 1.44 I
Gross D
Gross a 004 51 0.84 0.03 0.17 i 0.10 0.84 0.50 Gross S 004 51 0.84 0.07 0.60 0.10 2.97 t 0.50
=-
Gross a 013 51-0.76 0.03 0.15 0.11 0.74 0.54
.. _ _ _ _ _S Gross 013 51 0.76 0.04 0.59
- __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ ___i__ _0. 1 0 2 972 0.49
)
Gross a 014 51 1.84 0.05 0.12 0.09 0.59 i 0.45 Gross S 014 51 1.84 1.68 8.53 i 0.30 42.2 1.47
=
=-
==
Gross a 012 52 2.48 0.05 0.09 0.06 0.45 0.30
=-Gross S 012 52 2.48 0.13 0.30 0.08 1.49 0.40
_ _ - - - _ = = _
)
Gross a 006 51 0.38 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.54 t 0.29 Gross S 006 51 0.38 0.33 0.65 0.10 3.22 0.50 (a) Site boundary concentrations were calculated by multiplying stack concentrations by the atmospheric dispersion parameter (4.95 x 10 ) computed for the site boundary 4
)
using computer code CAP 88-PC.
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 31 09/15/93
o TABLE S. SU5 DIARY OF SPECIFIC RADIONUCLIDES FROM
- STACK EMISSIONS WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 Derived Site Boundary Concentration Percent of Activity (x10'2)
Guide Limit DCG at the e
Species pCi/yr Ci/mL Ci/mL Site Boundary Co-57 26.85 42 2E-09 2E-08 Co-60 8.07 13 8E-11 2E-07 m
~
Sr-90 0.35 0.55 9E-12 6E-08 Sb-125 14.43 22 1E-09 2E-08 Cs-134 6.99 9.7 2E-10 5E-08 Cs-137 11.08 17 4E-10 4E-08 e
Eu-152 42.12 66 SE-11 1E-06 Eu-154 2.74 4.2 5E-11 8E-08 U-235 11.44 19 1E-13 2E-04 S
Th-231 11.44 19 1E-08 2E-09 Pa-231 11.44 19 9E-15 2E-03 U-238 133.26 200 3E-14 7E-03 9
Th-234 133.26 200 4E-10 5E-07 Pa-234 0.21 0.33 2E-08 2E-11 Pu-238 0.03 0.05 3E-14 2E-06 Pu-239 0.01 0.02 2E-14 1E-06 Am-241 20.79 33 2E-14 2E-03 e
Site Environmental Report 09/15/93 Page 32 for Calendar Year 1992
e
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FIGURE 6. MAP OF SITE BOUNDARY AIR SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND BNITELLE LAKE
~
l AND DARBY CREEK WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLING LOCATIONS l
8 l
C l
TABLE 6.
SUMMARY
OF SITE BOUNDARY AIR SAMPLE ANALYSES WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992(^)
l 45 10 pCi/mLN Nuclide North East South West Ol Gross cr 1.47 0.55 1.36 0.53 1.56 0.64 1.82 1.31 Gross #
13.6 1.22 13.5 i 1.14 15.5 1.36 17.7 2.10 Co-57
< 4.30
< 19.2
< 2.82
< 4.90 Co-60
< 2.45
< 2.89
<0.84
< 2.79 e-St-90'O
<0.10
<0.07
<0.15
< 0.13 Sb-125
< 4.47
< 5.94
<l.15
< 4.17 Cs-134
< 2.93
<4.31
< 0.64
< 3.38 Cs-137
< 2.91
< 5.52
< 0.71
< 3.29 Eu-152
< 19.4
< 25.10
< 4.79
< 22.4 Eu-154
<l.58
<l.57
<l.93
<l.89 U-235
< 7.74
< 10.1
<l.74
< 5.41 U-238
< 169.0
< 354.0
< 81.7
< 144.0 Pu-238(0
<0.002
< 0.027
< 0.023
< 0.029 Pu-239(0
< 0.01
< 0.009
< 0.009
< 0.009 Am-241
< 6.68
< 8.74
<1.93
< 9.0 (a) Locations are shown in Figure 6. North Quadrant Station (137.2 m north of JN-4 stacks); East Quadrant Station (21.9 m east of JN-1 stacks); South Quadrant Station (228.6 m south of JN-2 stacks); West Quadrant Station (121.9 m west of JN-2 stacks).
(b) All isotopic values represent average MDL values (a posteriori). U-235, U-238, and Am-241 associated y produce higher values than gross a and #
results would indicate. Gross a MDL is 3.0 x 10a6 pCi/mL and gross 46
- MDL is 6.0 x 10 pCi/mL (a priori).
(c) Detection limit is 4.66 x standard deviation of the background, divided by the efficiency, assuming a 50% recovery of the spike and a flow volume of g
2.7 E+ 9 mL.
el i
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 34 09/15/93 i
Ol
l O
i suspended and dissolved fractions.
Any sample exceeding 3 x 10-8 Ci/mL receives a supplementary gamma isotopic analysis and/or an alpha spectrometric analysis as appropriate.
O The weekly samples are held, composited, and subjected to gamma spectrometric analyses as
[
well as specific analyses for. plutonium-238, plutonium-239,. iodine-129, strontium-90, radium-226, and radium-228 at the end of each month. The concentrations of gross a and O
gross # activity in suspended and dissolved fractions as well as the concentrations of specific radionuclides identified in the sample are summarized in Table 7. In most cases, the activity -
in the samples has been due to a mixture of nuclides.
The noncommunity drinking water supply at the West Jefferson site is exempt from O
radiological monitoring per.OEPA review.A However, weekly tap water samples are collected at the Nuclear Sciences Area to verify compliance with applicable water quality standards for radioactivity in drinking water. The weekly tap water samples are composited j
O and analyzed monthly for gross a and # activity in suspended and dissolved fractions. Any I
sample exceeding 15 pCi/mL for gross a activity receives a supplementary gamma isotopic analysis and/or an alpha spectrometric analysis as appropriate.
In 1992, the average concentrations of gross a was 5.10 3.15 pCi/L (soluble) and 0.29 0.38 pCi/L i
(insoluble). The average concentrations of gross # were 3.26 0.91 pCi/L (soluble) and 0.08 i 0.44 pCi/L (insoluble). The total gross a activity represents about 36 percent of the EPA standard of 15 pCi/L for gross a particulate activity in drinking water.
O Supplementary water samples are collected weekly 18.3 m above and 18.3 m below i
the sanitary drain outfall at Darby Creek. Water samples are also collected weekly below i
the Battelle Lake dam and at the drain spillway at Darby Creek (Figure 6).
The O
supplementary water samples are analyzed monthly for mixed a and S activity. The average concentrations of total activity in the downstream water samples and below the dam water samples were less than 5.59 x 10* Ci/mL for a and less than 12.47 x 10* Ci/mL for S.
activity and showed no significant difference from the upstream control sample (Table 8).
O These findings show that liquid effluent releases from the site to Darby Creek do not exceed background levels of radioactivity already present in Darby Creek.
L
'O i
i Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 35 09/15/93
~O
c TABLE 7.
SUMMARY
OF LIQUID RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS WEST JEFFERSON SITE (") - 1992 Number of
- Activity, Average
- DCG, Percentage W
Species Samples Ci/yr Concentration, Ci/ml Ci/ml of DCG 4
Gross a 52 30.9 (5.16 5.05) x 10
-M Gross #
52 173 (14.42 i 1.46) x 10*
Co-57 12 5867.2 9.57 x 10*
1.0 x 10" 0.01 %
Co-60 12 5929.8 1.47 x 10-8 5.0 x 10 0.29 4
Sr-90 12 26.2 1.56 x 10-9 1.0 x 10-5 0.16 Sb-125 12 1595.1 3.01 x 10-8 5.0 x 10-5 0.06 E
Cs-134 12 854.1 1.07 x 10~8 2.0 x 10 0.53 4
Cs-137 12 9737.9 1.48 x 10-8 3.0 x 10 0.49 4
Eu-152 12 5447.2 5.05 x 10-8 2.0 x 10-5 0.25 g
Eu-154 12 810.8 3.11 x 10-8 2.0 x 10 5 0.16 Ra-226 12 30.3 1.80 x 10*
1.0 x 10-7 1.80 Ra-228 12 23.3 1.38 x 10*
1.0 x 10-7 1.38 1-129 12 232.3 1.38 x 10-8 5.0 x 10 7 2.76 U-235 12 4326.1 3.47 x 10-8 6.0 x 10-7 5.78 U-238 12 37182.6 3.13 x 10-7 6.0 x 10-7 52.11(d)
Pu-238 12 6.0 3.59 x 10 4.0 x 10-8 0.90 e
4 4
Pu-239 12 2.3 1.35 x 10 3.0 x 10-8 0.45 Am-241 12 5083.3 2.50 x 10~8 3.0 x 10'8 83.38'd)
(a)
Annual average flow in Big Darby Creek 429 cu ft/sec = 3.82 x 10" liter /yr.
e 6
Total volume of liquid ef0uent discharge for 1992 = 8.41 x 10 liters.
See Figure 5 for sample location 010.
(b)
Isotopic data for ef0uents released at this location were obtained from gamma and radiochemical analysis of monthly composite samples where posrible. In the absence of detectable activity, calculated MDL values (a posteriori) were used to e
establish inventory on suspected radionuclides. Gross a values were used for alpha emitters U-238 and Am-241 using a conservative 100% of a activity.
(c)
No DCG listing for mixture of gross a and S. Value represents percent of total activity using 10 CFR Part 20, Appendix B limit (3 x 10-8) for mixture, not containing St 90,1-129, Ra-226, and Ra-228.
g (d)
As discussed in the text, these values are calculated from MDL values.
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 36 09/15/93 S;
D 3
P TABLE 8.
SUMMARY
OF RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 D
4 10 Ci/mLM j
(Direction and Distance Number of Gross cr Gross S M
2 sigma i 2 sigma from Nuclear Sciences Area)
Samples J
Darby Creek Upstream 12 5.20 5.98 7.90 2.38 (18.3 m above sanitary outfall)
-l Darby Creek Downstream 12 5.59 10.84 12.47 i 2.78 l
(18.3 m below sanitary outfaT, j
g Darby Creek Downstream 12 3.37 i 4.86 5.22 i 2.12 1
(186.3 m below sanitary outfall) i Battelle Lake Spillway 12 3.89 i 4.72 4.52 i 2.04 l
(18.3 m below dam)
I (a)
Locations are shown in Figure 6.
{
(b)
Darby Creek and Battelle Lake Spillway samples are monthly composite samples of weekly collections.
(c)
A priori minimum detection limit for gross a is 6.5 x 10* pCi/mL and 4
4.8 x 10 pCi/mL for gross S.
D I
i
)
D l
l Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 37 09/15/93 4
o Grass and Food Crops-Radioactive Grass and food crop samples are collected from the surrounding area. The intent of this portion of the Environmental Monitoring Program is to determine whether there is uptake and concentration of radionuclides by plant or animal life. Where possible, sampling sites are chosen at maximum deposition locations predicted by meteorological studies. Grass e,
and food crop (soybean or field corn) samples are collected at varying distances and directions within a 6-mile (9.6-km) radius of the Nuclear Sciences Area as shown in Figure 7.
Sampling locations falling within the same sector are composited. The samples are analyzed for plutonium-238, plutonium-239, and strontium-90.
A qualitative analysis by gamma scan is also performed. The results of the grass and food crop analyses are summarized in Tables 9 and 10. In both the grass and food crops, the levels of strontium-90, plutonium-238, and plutonium-239 were below the minimum detectable level for each S:
isotope. Cesium-137 in grass was detected in insignificant amounts in Sector 12.
Garden Crops-Radioactive There are two samples collected annually to access the impact on garden crops grown at the West Jefferson site.
A composite sample of various vegetables from the Battelle employee garden area is compared to a composite of garden vegetables taken from an off-site 8
location. Figure 7 shows the locations of the on-site and off-site garden plots. A gamma isotopic and plutonium-238, plutonium-239, and strontium-90 analyses were performed. The results of the analyses are shown in Table 11. A comparison of sample locations shows that g
there were no radionuclides detected in either sample location. Therefore, there is no impact to the on-site garden.
O O.
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 38 09/15/93 4
}
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l Legend: A Fooo Crop Soil, and Vegetation
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9 On-See Garden Crops B Off Saa Garden Crops D
FIGURE 7. M AP OF GRASS, FOOD CROP, AND SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS l
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 39 09/15/93
)
i 1
______.____.___________________a
Pm l9 I
TAllLE 9. SU5151ARY OF RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF GRASS - WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 kE_
EN
- Sg pCilg dry weight
- 2 All values are *less than values except where indicated (*)
Identification No.
Setter !
sector 2 Sector 3 Sector 4 Sector 5 Sector 6 Sector 7 Sector 8 Sector 9 Sector 10 Sector i1 Sector 12 Nuclide 102.00 113.71 123.01 62.89 63.10 138.78 145.07 125.99 133.17 119.40 171.94 188.30 Co-60 0.53 0.01 0.14 0.84 0.11 0.03 0.68 0.05 0.10 0.50 0.04 0.03 Sr-90 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.10 y
Sb-125 1.06 0.03 0.29 1.06 0.27 0.05 1.77 0.12 0.23 0.75 0.10 0.08 Cs-134 0.89 0.04 0.16 1.40 0.15 3.04 1.28 0.09 0.15 0.77 0.06 0.08 o
Cs-137 0.72 0.04 0.16 1.16 0.15 0.04 1.02 0.08 0.15 0.80 0.05 0.13*
Eu-152 5.03 0.33 1.04 8.25 1.03 0.30 7.06 0.57 0.85 4.38 0.39 0.51 U-235 9.50 0.39 0.59 16.30 1.74 0.35 5.85 0.28 0.39 7.48 0.69 0.20 U-238 38.10 0.97 4.08 71.30 4.20 0.70 58.20 1.76 3.42 34.20 1.52 1.21 Pu-238 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.16 0.07 0.07 Pu-239 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.05 O. I 2 0.08 0.08 Am-241 5.03 0.08 0.28 8.15 0.72 0.08 6.28 0.16 0.48 4.1I 0.28 0.I3 S:
Mb
%b e
6 0
9 9
9 9
9 e
9
b 4
0 9
9 U
L, u
9 9
9 "k
TABLE 10.
SUMMARY
OF RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF FOOD CROPS (*)
hy WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 esI5 ylc~
Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector pCiig dry wt.
Sj Nuclide 1
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11 12
- 2 Co-57
< 2.03
<l.75
<0.157 < 2.12
< 2. I i
< 2.28
< 0.175 < 2.45
< 0.137 < 2.08
<l.72 <0.169 Co-60
< 0. I 4
< 0. I I
< 0.019 < 0.136 < 0. I41 < 0.170 < 0.024 < 0.172
< 0.014 < 0. I43 < 0.121 < 0.022 Sr-90
< 0.25
< 0.025 < 0.028 < 0.03
< 0.058 < 0. I 10 < 0.032 < 0.043
< 0.030 < 0.270 < 0.035 < 0.026 Sb-125
<0.35
< 0.249 < 0.039 < 0.450 < 0.403 < 0.276 < 0.019 < 0.44 i
< 0.034 <0.425 <0.033 <0.040 Cs-134
< 0.280 < 0.216 < 0.023 < 0.243 < 0.367 <0.257 < 0.030 < 0.296
< 0.023 < 0.273 < 0.212 < 0.028 Cs-137
< 0.218 < 0.196 < 0.027 <0.237 < 0.253 < 0.159 < 0.024 < 0.273
< 0.025 < 0.280 < 0.207 < 0.033 y
1 Eu-152
<l.24
<l.16
<0.161 < l.380 < l.48
<l.44 UAN <l.730
< 0.144 <l.58
<l.20 <0.182 U-235
< 0.203 < 0. I 83 < 0.190 < 0.196 < 0.227 < 0.235 < 0.022 < 0.256
< 0.016 < 0.234 < 0. I 84 < 0.022 U-238
< 7.56
< 6.740 < 0.520 < 1.280 < 10.00 < 12.60
< 0.603c 15.20
< l.471 < 11.90
< 8.59 <l.553 Pu-238
< 0.010 < 0.016 < 0.020 < 0.132 <0.014 <0.005 < 0.019 < 0.0177 < 0.017 < 0.026 < 0.014 < 0.012 Pu-239
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.003 < 0.006 < 0.003 < 0.005 < 0.006 < 0.004
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.006 < 0.004 Am-241 < l.18
< 0.998 < 0.043 < l.90
< l.63
<l.55
< 0.085 < l.69
< 0.073 < l.30
<l.17 <0.047 (a) Locations are shown in Figure 7.
th) UA denotes unavailable analysis ku
Oi
)
l TABLE 11.
SUMMARY
OF RADIOLOGICAL
'j ANALYSES OF GARDEN CROI@")
WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 pCi/g dry weight o'
Sample On-Site
- Off-SiteM Co-57
<l.00
<l.17 Co-60
< 0.278
< 0.20 Sr-90
<0.047
< 0.047 Sb-125
<0.523
<0.323 Cs-134
<0.244
<0.276 8
<0.307
< 0.197 Eu-162
<0.153 U-235
< 0. I 8
<0.153 g;
< 2.30
<1.920 Pu-238
<0.014
<0.016 Pu-239
<0.008
<0.007 Am-241
< 0.260
<l.15
'E.
(a)
Garden crops collected at tha ad of the growing season.
(b)
Locations are shown in Figuie 7.
e.
O O
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 42 09/15/93 4
O Sediment-Radioactive O'
Sediment samples were collected at Eve locations, i.e., Darby Creek 18.29 m above and 18.29 m below the point of sanitary effluent release to Darby Creek, the storm sewer outfall leading to Battelle Lake, the liquid effluent discharge point into Darby Creek, and at O
the dam spillway to Darby Creek (see Figure 6).
The purpose of collecting sediment samples is to estimate the inventory of certain radionuclides deposited in this waterway and document it for future reference. The sediment samples were analyzed for plutonium-238, plutonium-239, and strontium-90.
A quantitative gamma isotopic analysis was also O
performed and shows a positive result of 0.851 pCi/g of Cs-134, 58.9 pCi/g of Cs-137, and 21.3 pCi/g of Co-60 at the storm sewer outfall (ED-1 on Figure 6). The outfall area has been under study for remediation. Samples taken from other points indicate the levels are at O
or below upstream levels. The complete results of the sediment analyses are summarized in Table 12.
Soil-Radioactive O
Soil samples are collected annually from 20 locations at varying distances and directions within a 6-mile (9.6-km) radius of the Nuclear Science Area. Locations (Figure 7) falling within the same sector are composited. The soil samples are collected to a depth of O
10 cm using a 10-cm soil plugging tool. Each soil sample consists of a composite of five
" plugs" of soil collected at random from an area of approximately 1 m Prior to analysis, 2
the composite samples are air dried and then blended in a pulverizing mill. The soil samples i
are analyzed for plutonium-238, plutonium-239, and strontium-90. A qualitative analysis by
,J i
a gamma spectrometry scan is also performed. The results of the analyses are summarized in Table 13.
Strontium-90 and plutonium results were below the minimum detectable level for 3
these isotopes. Gamma isotopic analyses of the soil samples showed detectable concentration
)
of cesium-137 and uranium-238 in several sectors. The cesium is believed to be attributable to the settling out of the atmospheric releases from off-site, and not on-site activities. The uranium is attributed to the natural component in soil.
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 43 09/15/93 0
O TABLE 12. SUhth1ARY OF RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF SEDIS 1ENT SA51PLES WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 g
~.
pCi/g dry wt.(0 Avg.
Nuclide ED-1 ED-2 ED-3 ED-4 ED-5 Co-57
<0.063
< 0.124
<0.980
<0.130
<0.139 Co-60 21.3
<0.014
< 0.056
<0.042
< 0.014 Sb-125
<0.372
< 0.047
< 0. I 17
< 0.043
< 0.034 Cs-134 0.851
< 0.049
< 0.102
< 0.043
< 0.032 e
Cs-137 58.9 0.039 0.551 1.050
<0.222 Eu-152
<l.60
< 0.244
<0.538
<0.224
<0.162 U-235
<0.256
<0.I19
<0.190
<0.073
<0.226 4.
< 2.53 1.62
< 5.47
<l.58
< 3.030 Sr-90
< 2.80
< 0.395
<0.580
<0.035
< 0.130 Pu-238
< 3.22
<0.042
< 0.046 0.092
<0.069 Pu-239
< 21.40
<0.034
<0.054 0.049
<0.014 8
< 12.80
< 0.066
< 0.433
< 0.059
<0.106 (a)
No standards for radionuclides in sediment have been established.
e e
l e-l e'
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 44 09/15/93 OI
2T hh TAllLE 13. SU5thlARY OF SOIL ANALYSES"LWEST JEFFERSON SITE-1992 "B
B E E pci/g dry weight
@ :z All values are "less than" values except where indicated (*)
3 Identification No.
Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Sector 4 Sector 5 Sector 6 Sector 7 Sector 8 Sector 9 Sector 10 ' Sector 11 Sector 12 Nuclide 691.00 762.82 725.00 712.13 692.69 641.61 713.00 696.24 747.72 667.92 742.66 642.20 Co-57 0.02 0.I8 0.02 0.21 0.02 0.02 0.I7 0.01 0.02 0.I7 0.01 0.I8 Co-60 0.02 0.16 0.03
- 0. I 6 0.02 0.03 0.I5 0.02 0.02 0.I5 0.02 0.I6 St-90 0.60 0.18 0.2.8 0.19 0.06 0.35 0.13 0.52 0.24 0.24 0.54 0.49 y
Sb-125 0.05 0.42 0.05 0.38 0.06 0.06 0.38 0.06 0.06 0.38 0.06 0.45 e
1 Cs-134 0.02 0.I2 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.I5 0.02
- 0. I 2 w
Cs.137 0.89*
0.15 0.45*
0.17 0.63*
0.89*
0.44*
0.37*
0.51*
0.74*
0.56*
0.51*
Eu-152 0.06 0.51 0.05 0.62 0.04 0.05 0.52 0.03 0.06 0.50 0.03 0.52 Eu-154 0.04 0.36 0.04 0.40 0.03 0.03 0.34 0.03 0.04 0.36 0.04 0.37 U-235 0.18 1.19 0.18 1.31 0.35 0.12 1.34 0.11 0.18 1.13 0.17 1.31 I
U-238 3.24*
12.70 3.07*
14.30 2.99*
2.43*
12.60 1.89*
2.67*
13.10 2.76*
11.30 Pu-238 0.20 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.12 Pu-239 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.09 0.05 Am-241 0.14 0.96 0.13 1.62 0.06 0.08 1.61 0.07 0.12 0.88 0.13 1.79 (a) Locations are shown in Figure 7.
S::
M or
'v*s w--
.a,-
a.
.,. - + -
..-<-~-w.e-w
.-.re.
=--g-rw-.
na e...=we-e-w--ww-e,-
r.-some,-w.-=-~*+-
~v'*w v---=vw+-r.-.+~--w w---
e---w--
--'= - - -
c,.-.
= - -
O Fish-Radioactive Fish are collected 'emi-annually from Battelle Lake and Darby Creek, as available, 1
to determine if any radioactive material is getting into the food chain. Fish collection in j
Darby Creek is limited to within a hundred yards of the liquid effluent outfall and the Battelle Lake spi'..way.
The fish tissue is analyzed for gamma isotopes, plutonium-238,
,l plutonium-239, and strontium-90. Table 14 summarizes the 1992 data from the analyses.
All of the analyses showed undetected levels except for one sample that had very low levels f
of cesium-137, which might be from radioactive fallout and not from the Battelle West b
Jefferson facility. No fish were collected from Darby Creek during the second half of 1992 due to poor collection conditions.
I llackground Radiation Levels g) l i
The limit established for the general public by the Department of Energy is I
100 mrem /yr.*
This value Oes not include the contribution from natural background radiation, which, in previous yees, averaged approximately 130 mrem /yr off site from all sources except radon.
Figure 8 shows the location of the 16 dosimetry stations that continuously monitor the external radiation background levels at the West Jefferson site. The dosimetry stations are equipped with commercially available environmental TLD packets that g
are changed and evaluated each calendar quarter.
Based on data provided by the 16 dosimeter stations, the 1992 annual average dose including background at the site boundary is 120 10 mrem. Therefore, there is no contribution from the West Jefferson facilities to external radiation doses. The results are summarized in Table 15.
Fence Post Dose Estimate 8
The " fence post" dose is the maximum measured cumulative dose possible to an individual having access to an uncontrolled area. It does not include ingestion and inhalation pathways. The " fence post" dose for 1992 was equal to or less than the annual average TLD background reading of 120 mrem measured at off-site background monitoring stations.
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 46 09/15/93 4
h..
L b
TABLE 14.
SUMMARY
OF FISH TISSUE ANALYSES WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 -
W Darby Creek Samples
-[
Battelle Lake Samples
]
(pCi/g raw weight).
(pCi/g raw. weight)
Sample _
1st Half; 2nd Half Average
- 1st Half ' 2nd Half-Average f
<0.02
<0.01
<0.02
< 0.80 NC
< 0.80 I
Sr-90 NR NR NR NR NC NR l
Sb-125
< 0.01
<0.03
< 0.02
<1.88 NC
<1.88 l
Cs-134
<0.01
< 0.02
< 0.01
<1.33 NC
<1.33 Cs-137 0.02
< 0.01
< 0.02
<1.10 NC
<1.10 l
Eu-152
<0.06
< 0.05
< 0.06
<7.88 NC
< 7. 88 L
)
. U-235
<0.03
< 0.10
<0.07
< 4.90 NC
< 4.90 e
<0.25
< 0.60
< 0.43
< 0.27 NC
< 0.27 Pu-238
<0.03
< 0.02
< 0.03
< 0.05 NC
< 0.05 l
< 0.02
< 0.04
< 0.03
< 0.04 NC
<0.04 l
)
i Am-241
<0.03
< 0.07
< 0.05
- < 5.15 NC
< 5.15 i
(a)
Fish samples were collected from various locations within Battelle Lake.
[
t W
}.
t NC - Denotes fish not collected due to poor collection conditions.
UA - Denotes data unavailable from laboratory
[
NR - Denotes data not returned from laboratory i
)
Site Environmental Report foi Calendar Year 1992 Page 47 09/15/93 e-
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.l FIGURE 8. MAP OF TLD LOCATIONS WITIIIN 3/4-MILE RADIUS
,[
OF TIIE NUCLEAR SCIENCES AREA r
Sste Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 48 09/15/93 ei
TABLE 15. INTEGRATED EXTERNAL BACKGROUND RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AT RECREATION AREA AND
)
PROPERTY BOUNDARY LINE WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 Integrated TLD Measurements in rem
)
DistanceN 1st Qtr.
2nd Qtr.
3rd Qtr.
4th Qtr.
Year Southwest 121.9 m (400 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
<0.030
< 0.120 420.6 m (600 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
<0.030
< 0.030
< 0.120 731.5 m (2400 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0,120
)
1234.5 m (4050 h)
<0.030
<0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.120 W._tEl 152.4 m (500 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.120 630.9 m (2070 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.120
)
Southeast 365.8 m (1200 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
<0.03C
< 0.030
<0.120 1005.9 m (3300 h)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.120
. - = _ =
=....-
South 395.9 m (1200 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
<0.120
)
411.5 m (1350 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
<0.030
<0.120 548.6 m (l800 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.120 l
1097.3 m (3600 ft)
< 0.030
<0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.120 EAS1 420.6 m (1380 ft)
<0.030
<0.030
< 0.0l,0
< 0.030
< 0.120 Northeast 395.9 m (1200 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
<0.120 Northwest 402.3 m (1320 ft)
<0.030
<0.030
<0.030
< 0.030
<0 120 457.2 m (1500 ft)
< 0.030
< 0.030
< 0.030
<0.030
< 0.12G j
(a) Refer to Figure 8. Average off-site backgrouna for year <0.120 rem.
i
)
1 I
l l
)
Site Environmental Report 09/15/93 for Calendar Year 1992 Page 49 1
C King Avenue Site o
Air--Radioactive There were no radiological releases from stacks at the King Avenue site in 1992 and a
therefore no stack sampling was performed. However, one environmental air sample was collected at the east boundary of Battelle property along Battelle Boulevard.
This sample may serve as a reference for future D&D activities and will provide evidence to the neighborhood that no radiological impact has resulted from the BCLDP operations.
9 The results in Table 16 are considered to be background levels of 1.48 x 10-35 pCi/mL gross a and 1.30 x 10*
Ci/mL gross S.
Table 16 also includes the results of the gamma spectrometry scans done for the King Avenue samples.
The results are all below the 6
detection limit.
Water-Radioactive Wastewater discharges to the Columbus Municipal sewer system are monitored at six locations. See Figure 4 for the locations. Sampling of liquid discharges from the Building 3 sump to the municipal sewer system is performed on a monthly basis.
This discharge consists of the liquid wastes from the building laboratory drain systems. The building sump samples are routinely anMyzed for gross a and gross # activities. Any sample exceeding 4 x 10-7 Ci/mL (400 pCi/L) receives a gamma isotopic analysis and/or an alpha spectrometric analysis as necessary.
The concentrations of gross a and gross S activity are summarized in Table 17. The average concentrations at all discharge points were well
- l below NRC standards as well as the DOE's DCG for the most restrictive S activity in the uranium decay chain.
Ol
- l l
Site Eonronmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 50 09/15/93 9;
D TABLE 16. RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AIR SAMPLES (*) - KING AVENUE SITE - 1992 D
Number Average Nuclides of Concentration, DCGW Percent of Samples Ci/ml i 2 sigma pCi/ml DCG D
Gross a 52 1.48 0.28 x 10-35
-W Gross S 52 1.30 0.58 x 10-14
-W Co-57 3
< l.86 x 10-15
< 2.0 x 10*
< 0.01 %
Co-60 4
< 7.99 x 10-16
< 8.0 x 10-3 3
< 0.01 %
D Sb-125 4
< l.97 x 10- 5
< l.0 x 10*
< 0.01 %
Cs-134 4
< 9.27 x 10- 6
< 2.0 x 10-
< 0.01 %
Cs-137 4
< l.00 x 10- 5
< 4.0 x 10-
< 0.01 %
3 Eu-152 4
< 4.07 x 10-15
< 5.0 x 10-3 3
< 0.01 %
Eu-154 2
< l.51 x 10-15
< 5.0 x 10-l'
< 0.01 %
U-235 4
< 2.24 x 10- 5
< l.0 x 10- 3
< 0.02 %
U-238 4
< l.02 x 1014
< l.0 x 10-13
< 0.10 %
g Am-241 4
< 8.19 x 10-16
< 2.0 x 10-34
< 0.04 %
(a)
Sample location EA-15 identified in Figure 4.
(b)
Derived Concentration Guides from DOE order 5400.4, Figure III-1.
S (c)
DOE 5400.5 does not list DCG limits for mixed a and S activity.
O e
D Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 51 09/15/93
C' TABLE 17. RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF LIQUID 9;
DISCIIARGES(*), KING AVENUE SITE - 1992 Number of Average Concentration Sample")
Species Samples pCi/L 2 sigma 005M Gross a 12 4.58 i 3.01 9
Gross #
12 50.94 i 2.41 EW-6W Gross a 12 3.28 2.56 Gross #
12 14.11 1.42 EW-7 Gross a 12 4.56 2.48 Gross #
12 7.64 1.15 EW-8 Gross a 12 5.04 2.94 Gross #
12 31.13 2.33 EW-9 Gross a 12 8.77 3.88 Gross #
12 39.72 2.27 9
EW-13 Gross a 12 3.84 2 42 Gross #
12 11.15 1.25 (a)
Locations identified in Figure 4.
(b)
Also identified as EW-14.
g (c)
EW samples are supplemental samples collected from various sumps and discharge poims throughout the King Avenue Site.
Soil-Radioactive 9
Seven soil samples were collected at various points around the King Avenue site (Figure 4). One was collected from The Ohio State University Agriculture campus north of the Battelle site as a background reference. The same technique was used as that for soil collected for the West Jefferson off-site soil samples. The data from these collections are presented in Table 18. There was evidence of U-238 in the soil samples above detectable levels in several of the on-site samples. There was also comparable levels of U-238 detected in the background sample. There was also evidence of Cs-137 in the King Avenue site soils.
It was also detected in the background sample at similar levels. The cesium is m the same range as that seen in West Jefferson off-site samples and no operations involving cesium are conducted at King Avenue. This suggests that the cesium is from fallout and not operations, g;
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 52 09/15/93 OI
i:
1
!)
TABLE 18. RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF SOIL SAMPLES KING AVENUE SITE - 1992
)
Nuclide (pCi/g)
Sample (*)
KAES-01
< 8.53
< 0.79 0.96 KAEA-02
< 6.00
< 0.98 1.16
KAES-03 2.87
< 0.40 0.76 KAES-04 5.75
<0.88 0.34 9
KAEA-05 3.25
<0.14 0.18 KAES-06 3.02
< 0.02 0.44 KAEA-07
< 5.00
<0.54
<0.09 D
KAES-08 2.42
< 0.02 0.72 (a)
Locations are identified in Figure 4, except KAES-08, which is an off-site sample taken from The Ohio State University Agriculture Campus.
O i
O Vegetation-Radioactive O
Eight samples of vegetation were collected at points around the King Avenue site.
Seven of these samples were collected on Battelle's property.
See Figure 4 for exact locations. Another sample was collected from The Ohio State University Agriculture campus north of the Battelle site as a background reference.
The samples were analyzed for C
uranium-235, uranium-238, and cesium-137.
Data from these analyses is represented in Table 19. There were detectable levels of cesium only in the off-site sample. The source of cesium is believed to be from fallout and not site operations.
P Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 53 09/15/93
O TABLE 19. RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF VEGETATION SAMPLES KING AVENUE SITE - 1992 Nuclide (pCi/g)
Sample (*)
KAEV-01
< 33.2
< 0.75
< 0.80 KAEV-02
< 31.2
<0.80
< 0.77 KAEV-03
< 23.3
<0.55
< 0.52 KAEV-04
< 29.9
<0.63
<0.58 KAEV-05
<l.43
< 0.04
<0.07 KAEV-06
< 20.30
< 0.41
< 0.49 KAEV-07
< 30.20
<0.63
<0.69 e
KAEV-08
< 0.75
< 0.03 0.10 (a)
Locations are identified in Figure 4, except KAEV-08, which is an off-site sample taken from The Ohio State University Agriculture Campus.
e.
Environmental Nonradiological Program Information The drinking water system at the West Jefferson site is monitored under OEPA regulations, which regulate all public water supplies. As a noncommunity water supply, S
Battelle is required to perform quarterly sampling for microbiological contamination, quarterly sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and a nitrate analysis every three years. The results of the quarterly tests for microbiological contamination all showed no W
e Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 54 09/15/93 9
O contamination (< 1 colony /100 mL) and were reported as being " safe."
VOC sampling showed some VOCs at just above the detection level.* The source of VOC contamination may be a sampling error rather than groundwater contamination. The suspected sources of contamination are being investigated. The last nitrate analyses were below the established Maximum Contamination Level (MCL) value of 10 mg/L. Battelle has complied with the 9
public notification regulations enacted to warn of the dangers of lead in drinking water.
Presently, liquid effluents discharged from the West Jefferson Facility are subject to the restrictions of an NPDES Permit. Battelle monitors and reports on a monthly basis to the OEPA. Table 20, Nonradiological Water Effluent Analyses--West Jefferson Site, includes a list of parameters for which Battelle is presently required to analyze and report.
The data provided for the North Sanitary Sewer were obtained in accordance with the NPDES Permit 41N00004*DD issued by the OEPA. The conditions of Battelle's NPDES 3
Permit were determined by the OEPA following an extensive study of the Scioto River Basin,0 ) of which Battelle's West Jefferson site is a part.
All readings were within acceptable limits as specified in the permit for 1992, except for the total suspended solids level in June.
The values listed in Table 20 represent an average of the monthly data collected during the 12-month period commencing January 1,1992, and ending December 31, 1992.
The table serves to illustrate actual performance against those limits or restrictions defined in 3
Battelle's permit. Battelle was issued a renewal to its NPDES Permit in July 1991. The new permit contained additional parameters to monitor in the effluent, but no substantial change to the allowable discharge limits.
Additional nonradiological monitoring was done on three monitoring wells at the 3
West Jefferson site. A discussion of the results can be found in the following section.
The BCLDP does no environmental air monitoring for nonradiological parameters at either the King Avenue or West Jefferson sites.
D Chloroform was found in the first quarter at a concentration of around 5.83 g/L in the production well located in the middle area, and at 2.65 g/L in the third quarter in the production well in the south area. The EPA's maximum contaminant level for
,e trihalomethanes in drinking water is 100 g/L. Chloroform is in a group of organic chemicais referred to as trihalomethanes.
Site Envuunmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 55 09/15/93
C TABLE 20. NON-RADIOLOGICAL WATER EFFLUENT ANALYSES WESI' JEFFERSON SITE-1991 O
f0 Permit Requirements North Sanitary System Sewer (4 Discharge Limitations Loading l
W kg/ Day kg/ Day l Concentration 9
Avg.
Max.
Min.
Avg.0')
30-Day Daily ! 30-Day Daily Id)
Flow Rate (1/ day)'d) 42,873 78.329 24,917 Residual Chlorine (mg/L) 0.02 0.11 0
0.001 0.5 pH Value (S.U.)
8.13 8.16 7.64 6.5 9.0 280 850 1
1,000 2,000 j3 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 7.61 9.40 5.20 6.0 6.0 Total Suspended Solids 3.17 12.0 1.0 0.14 0.49 0.098 10 20 (mg/L)
B.O.D. (5-day) (mg/L) 3.89 4.8 3.1 0.17 1.23 1.87 25 38 Ammonia (mg/L) 0.15 0.39 0.03 (a)
Sampling site location is labeled 010 on Figure 5 (referred to as 001 in monthly NPDES reports). Includes discharge from Middle Area Sanitary System.
(b)
Based on a flow rate of 0.013 MGD.
(c)
Permit requirement discharge limitations based on NPDES Permit 41N00004*DD.
(d) No restrictions for flow or ammonia under the NPDES Permit.
(e)
Units specified in column at left.
3 O
O O!
1 Site Environmental Report j
for Calendar Year 1992 Page 56 09/15/93 O!
b l
L The BCLDP is not required to report under SARA Title III because the quantities of extremely hazardous substances stored or used are well below any threshold planning-D l
quantities. Battelle has made annual submissions to the proper authorities for hazardous materials that exceeded the planning quantities. At the King Avenue facility, chlorine gas for water purification is reported. At West Jefferson, only liquid nitrogen storage needs to be D
reported.
l Groundwater Protection O
Groundwater monitoring has been increased at the West Jefferson site to include a total of 18 shallow and deep wells.
These include two supply wells at a depth of approximately 150 feet, three wells designed for chemical monitoring at a depth of approximately 30 to 35 feet, and 13 shallow wells at a depth of approximately 10 to 15 feet.
The three wells designed for chemical sampling and 13 shallow wells were installed late.in l
1989. Figures 9 and 10 indicate the location of shallow and chemical monitoring wells. The O
supply wells are associated with facilities identified in Figures 5 and 6.
Detailed chemical monitoring was performed and reported in Interim Report on Site Characterization, West Jefferson North Site, Stage 1 Sampling and Analysis: Chemical Sampling Summary 3
Report, dated December 22, 1989. No contamination was found in groundwater samples collected at that time.W Annual radiological monitoring results are presented in Table 21.
The highest combined a and # activity is shown to be in well 110, where radioactivity remains in a
)
former remediated filter bed. This data is consistent with previous monitoring data collected since installation of the wells in 1989.
This area has been recommended for further remediation in the Final Assessment of the Radiological Status of Battelle's Nuclear Sciences j
Area, dated January 1991.
Detailed chemical analyses were performed on groundwater samples collected l
December 22,1992, from the three chemical monitoring wells. Samples from all three wells j
were analyzed for eight heavy metals, 27 pesticide and PCB compounds, 35 VOCs,
)
65 semivolatile organic compounds, oil and grease, and pH.
All compounds in all of Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 57 09/15/93 D
\\
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O Monitoring Wells
//
306 g
\\.
,/ p #../j-gn (Permeability in 2 9 x 10'd emts "E
centimeters /second)
./,p l
C09 Gy 4
82
/*
^
3.9 x 10 cm/s JN-4 l.
/*p /./-
172
- p.,
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t 2 x 10-3
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.k 4
3.1 x 10 cm/s 5
6 0 x 10 403 k
)
7 f
1.2 x 10-3cmts 601 2 0 x 10~# cm/s JN 1 iso ___ k. h 4.3 x 10-demts\\~~
tes l.
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.l 2.1 x 10 4
-5
,7, 7
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FIGURE 9. NORTil SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELLS O
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Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 59 09/15/93
C' 1
l l
TABLE 21. RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF GROUNDWATER WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 9
pCi/ liter (*)
Well of Gross a Gross #
Identification Samples i 2 sigma i 2 sigma JN 1
-1.29 4.45 2.58 1.83 JM 1
-3.09 4.37 3.63 2.03 C03 1
1.41 6.29 14.14 2.93 l
C09 1
4.39 7.74 43.02 i
4.65 C16 1
2.75 6.74 3.29 1.94 101 1
-0.02 9.43 21.85 3.73 103 1
3.66 8.97 15.17 3.16 110 1
22.84 19.78 26.02 4.21 118 1
-1.92 6.66 18.29 3.42 150 1
7.01 9.92 10.73 2.78 g
155 1
1.83 8.18 6.21 2.39 168 1
11.67 12.30 24.32 3.83 172 1
5.43 9.57 21.06 3.57 Oi 206 1
-0 02 7.67 6.46 i
2.38 306 1
-0.02 8.39 13.39 3.04 403 1
12.32 14.79 13.04 3.17 506 1
-4.06 5.74 10.71 2.86 9
601 1
-0.03 14.87 23.91 4.20 g
(a)
Minimum detection limit (MDL):
gross a: 1.0 pCi/ liter gross #: 2.9 pCi/ liter 91 Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 60 09/15/93 9i
).
the samples were below the levels of detection or quantification, except for bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the sample from well C16, where the concentration was 27 pg/L
)
(Table 22). Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is commonly used in vacuum pumps. Phthalates are common contaminants in laboratories where plastics are used. As there are no known or suspected sources of bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate contamination at the site, coupled with the
)
relatively low concentration, this result is believed to be an error. Concentrations of this chemical will be specifically reviewed in subsequent quarterly samplings to determine if there are any trends.
Phenol detected in well C03 at low part per billion levels in 1991 was not detected in 1992. No chemical contamination had been found in any of the wells before 1992.
Evaluation of Dose to the Public 2-Estimated Dose to the Public from
)
the King Avenue Site Emissions During 1992 Battelle's King Avenue facility is not c ansidered in this report to the same extent of the West Jefferson site because the source term at King Avenue is a fraction of the source
)
term at West Jefferson and the vast majority of material associated with the BCLDP at King Avenue is fixed contamination. Only insignificant areas of loose contamination are present at the King Avenue facility. A prediction of internal doses to the public from activities at the
)
King henue site was done several years ago and showed the weighted sum effective dose equivalent to the maximum individual was 1.22 x 10 5 mrem /yr. That prediction is from the Environmentil AssessmentW. The data indicates that this assessment is correct.
)
?
l Site Enwronmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 61 09/15/93
)
1
_-____-_____-______-__________-__-__-___-__-__-___________-_-_-_-_A
O TABLE 22. NON-RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF GROUNDWATER WEST JEFFERSON SITE - 1992 e
Chemical Parameter W ell C O3 Well C09 Well C15 Total Metals (mg/l)
As
< 0.04
< 0.04
<0.04 Ba
<1
<1
<1 Cd
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1 Cr
< 0.2
< 0.2
< 0.2 Pb
<1
<1
<1 Hg
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005 9'
Se
<0.04
< 0.04
< 0.04
< 0.4
< 0.4
<0.4 Ag Pesticides and PCBs (mg/l) 9 27 compounds below detection limit below detection limit below detection limit
_=_..... _
=,.
Volatile Organics (pg/l) 35 compounds below detection limit below detection limit below detection limit
__....===
8-Semivolatile Compounds ( g/l) bis (2-ethylhexyl)-
P e
65 compounds below detection limit below detection limit g
be ow detection limit g.
Oil & Grease
<1
<1
<1 (mg/1) pII 7.0 6.8 7.3 9
O Site Environmertal Reprt for Calendar Year 1992 Page 62 09/15/93 O
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Estimated Dose to the Public from l
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the West Jefferson Site Emissions During 1992 l
I The environmental monitoring data for 1992 presents information for determining
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sources of environmental radiation resulting from past or current nuclear activities and from atmospheric nuclear tests or natural radioactivity.
Contributions from Battelle's nuclear operations were indistinguishable from other sources with two exceptions. These include minimal airborne releases of mixed fission products from Hot Cell Laboratory activities and very low concentrations of mixed fission products in liquid effluents at the West Jefferson Nuclear Sciences Area. The radiological impact of Battelle's nuclear activities is calculatexi from the quantity of radionuclides assumed directly in effluents from facilities operating in
)
1992, from the annual deposition of airborne radionuclides on vegetation and food crops, and from residual radionuclides in stream sediment associated with past operations.
Atmospheric Discharges
)
Calculated releases and ground level annual average concentrations at the site boundary during 1992 for the West Jefferson site are summarized in Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.
)
The downwind position from the facility where annual ground level cor.centrations will be the greatest is at the north site fence line which determines the perimeter for uncontrolled exposure. This fence line is surrounded by additional land within the Battelle site boundary line. The gross data in Table 4 show that the total mixed fission product releases for 1992 amounted to 8.4 pCi, with an estimated maximum effective dose equivalent to a 0
nearby resident of 6.14 x 10 mrem /yr.
The total isotopic composition of the effluents assumed to be emitted from the seven stacks of the JN-1 facility and two stacks of JN-2 was
)
used in evaluating the off-site dose to the public.
The estimated collective population dose (effective dose equivalent) for the total population within 80 km is 0.098 person-rem / year. The doses presented in this report are p
calculated rather than measured and they represent potential rather than actual doses.
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Site Environmental ' eport R
i for Calendar Year 1992 Page 63 09/15/93 I
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O Contributions of nuclides to dose are:
Individual Pooulation U-238 56%
54 %
Am-241 37 %
39 %
U-235 5%
5%
Eu-152 1%
1%
Others 1%
1%
O Assumptions for the modelincluded that:
(1) State-specific agricultural data were used (CAP 88-PC default).
G' (2) Meteorological and site-specific population files supplied with CAP 88-PC were used.
(3) Emissions from stacks 013 and 014, which have the same height and diameter, were combined in a single stack of that height with an equivalent flow velocity area.
Liquid Discharges O
Measured aqueous releases and effluent concentrations during 1992 for the West Jefferson site are summarized in Table 7.
The concentration values apply to the water discharged into Big Darby Creek after passage through a treatment system consisting of a settling tank and enclosed surface sand filter.
Based on a knowledge of the isotopic composition of radionuclide concentrations released to the surface sand filter, emissions should be due to very limited elution of contaminants,from the surface sand filter that were delivered to the bed in the past few years. In order to be conservative, the release inventory values are based on the minimum detectable limits of isotopes listed in Table 7. The actual release values would be lower.
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Ol Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 64 09/15/93 O!
o Calculation of Atmospheric Dispersion Parameters O
Meteorological data from the Columbus area were used as input to compute the dispersion parameters for the West Jefferson site. CAP 88-PC,A programmed for localized applications (see Table 23), was used to generate detailed X/Q. Thus, X/Q values were L
developed for a series of concentric rings extending from the site boundary out to a distance O
of 80 km (50 miles). The rings were broken down into sixteen sectors corresponding to the normal amd rose pattern. The maximum X/Q values for the radionuclides considered are
{
t presented in Table 24.
.O t
i Computation of Dose Equivalent Rates to Nearby Individuals and Population Groups O
The annual radiation dose from particulate radionuclides assumed to be discharged l
into the atmosphere was computed for a person continuously immersed in an infinite hemispherical cloud containing the radionuclides. Stack release data (see Table 5) are used to estimate the nearby individual and population group concentrations using actual dispersion conditions, if known. If the conditions are unknown, worst-case data were used. The radio-nuclide composition and concentration of the atmospheric emissions was used to compute critical organ doses assuming the more sensitive biological form (soluble or insoluble) was O
present. The dose estimates obtained for the nearby individual assume a full-time resident at Camp Ken Jockety.
The effective dose equivalent rate for the nearby individual was computed using
- O CAP 88-PC following requirements of 40 CFR 61.93(a).
The value at the camp is 0.061 mrem /yr, with the highest organ dose being 0.431 mrem to the endosteum.
In comparison, exposure of persons to natural background radiation in the area would be approximately 120 mrem /yr as measured by TLD stations.
The US EPA has set the 9'
exposure limit to 10 mrem /yr to any member of the general public from all sources of radionuclides.
For the total population within 80 km of the West Jefferson site, the estimated i
a collective population dose (effective dose equivalent) is 0.098 person-rem / year for 1992.
i Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 65 09/15/93
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er TABLE 23. ARITIIMETIC AVERAGE WIND SPEEDS AND FREQUENCY (WIND TOWARDS) x (j
Pasquill Stability Class
{$
Dir A
B C
D E
F G
Frequency
-E 5E N
1.467 2.317 3.320 4.564 2.197 0.000 0.000 0.111
~g 2
NNW l.525 2.463 3.228 4.162 2.083 0.000 0.000 0.064 NW l.588 2.115 3.452 4.166 2.058 0.000 0.000 0.060 WNW 0.997 2.414 3.505 4.015 1.924 0.000 0.000 0.059 W
l.540 2.230 3.421 3.950 1.875 0.000 0.000 0.050 WSW l.467 2.634 3.611 4.227 1.924 0.000 0.000 0.045 SW l.456 2.449 3.697 4.026 1.870 0.000 0.000 0.042 SSW l.372 2.488 3.700 4.212 1.918 0.000 0.000 0.047 S
1.533 2.292 3.456 4.334 1.861 0.000 0.000 0.078 SSE 1.243 2.363 3.615 4.945 2.137 0.000 0.000 0.066 SE 1.413 2.490 3.766 5.271 2.416 0.000 0.000 0.055 ESE 1.560 2.376 4.272 3.?03 2.647 0.000 0.000 0.063 E
1.513 2.226 4.532 5.975 2.812 0.000 0.000 0.065 ENE 1.543 2.319 4.400 6.400 3.106 0.000 0.000 0.049 NE 1.420 2.474 4.431 6.138 2.870 0.000 0.000 0.062 NNE I.447 2.692 4.059 5.394 2.517 0.000 0.000 0.086 E8 O
e e
e e
e e
e e
e e
TA.BLE 24. MAXIMUM X/Q DISPERSION VALUES J
AT TIIE WEST JEITERSON SITE FROM JN-1 AND JN-2 STACKS X/Q Co 57 8.34E-06 J
Co-60 8.97E-06 St-90 1.07E-05 Sb-125 7.57E-06 Cs-134 7.55E-06 Cs-137 9.77E-06 Ba-137m 4.45E-06 Eu-152 7.48E-06 Eu-154 9.48E-06 U-235 8.17 E-06 Th-23i 8.16E-06 Pa-231 8.13E-%
l U-238 8.14E-06 Th-234 8.14E-06 Pa-234m 2.01E-06 Pa-234 8.09E-06 Pu-238 8.25E-06 e
Pu-239 8.32E-06 Am-241 7.43E-06 These maximums occur at the boundary of the Battelle property on the north side of the site.
'e Estimated Radiation Dose to the Public e
from Liquid Discharges Radiation Dose from Swimming (External Whole Body) 9 Due to the shallow nature of Big Darby Creek at the West Jefferson site, there does not appear to be a significant pathway for exposure ta swimmers. Based on previous years' releases and calculations, it can be assumed that no measurable exposure is attributable to releases from the West Jefferson site.
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 67 09/15/93 4
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Radiation Dose During Boating and Waterskiing Big Darby Creek is too shallow to allow any significant boating or water skiing.
Thus, no dose has been calculated for this pathway.
Radiation Dose from Drinking Water e
Water from Big Darby Creck below the outfall is not used for drinking prior to its confluence with the Scioto River according to the U.S. Geological Survey; therefore, the
_w dose contribution from this source is negligible.
Quality Assurance e
Several methods are used to assure that the data collected each year are representative of actual concentrations in the environment. Extensive environmental data are collected to eliminate an unrealistic reliance on only a few results. Newly collected data are 8
compared with histori.al data for each environmental medium to assure that current values are consistent with previous results. This allows for timely investigation of any unusual results. Samples are collected using identical methods near to and far from the nuclear site, e
as well as upstream and downstream on Darby Creek, to provide for identification of any net differences that may be attributable to the West Jefferson nuclear operations.
These procedures, in conjunction with a program to demonstrate the accuracy of radiochemical O'
analyses, assure that the data accurately represent environmental conditions.
With minor exceptions, all of the routine radioanalyses for the Battelle environmental surveillance program are performed at the radiochemistry facility located at the West Jefferson nuclear site. An outside radiochemistry laboratory was chosen as a backup service for overflow samples, and performed certain plutonium and strontium analyses.
Both laboratories maintain internal quality assurance programs that involve routine calibration of counting instruments, daily source and background counts, routine yield determinations of radiochemical procedures, and replicate analyses to check precision.
The accuracy of i
l Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 68 09/15/93 j
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l t
y.
l
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radionuclide determination is assured through the use of standards traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly the National Bureau of Standards.
i h
Assurance of the dose calculation quality is provided in the following ways. Since doses are similar from year to year, a comparison is made against past calculated doses and any differences are validated. All computed doses are double checked by the originator and
)_
by an independent third party, who also checks all input data and assumptions used in calculation. Information necessary to perform all of the calculations is fully documented.
The Battelle Radioanalytical Laboratory participates in the semi-annual Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML) program. This program is designed to
)'
monitor a laboratory's performance by submitting samples of known isotopes and quantified
{
activities for analysis.
Four (4) types of samples in different matrices are submitted for
.l analysis. These consist of air, water, soil and vegetation. On all matrices in 1992, ninety
)
percent (90%) of the gamma isotopic analyses were within the EML's stated activities, with the remaining ten percent (10%) conservatively high. All plutonium isotopic analyses (alpha t
spectrometry) were out of the EML's stated activities. This is due to a miscalibration of the I
tracer used in the analysis. This resulted in all plutonium activities being reported as higher
)
l than actually presented in the samples. Fifty-five percent (55%) of the strontium-90 (beta) results were within the EML's stated activities and seventy-five percent (75%) of the l
remaining out-of-specifications samples were on the conservatively high side.
The
{
i difficulties with the plutonium analyses have been corrected with the standardization of the Strontium-90 analyses and techniques are presently under review to improve the i
tracer.
i l
accuracy.
Minimum detection levels (MDLs) for radionuclide analyses were determined to a 95 percent confidence level. The minimum detectable level (MDL) was calculated using the Nuclear Data, Inc. ND680 Computer System. The MDL was defined by:
)
l I
l 1
~!
[
f Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 69 09/15/93
'I l
C'
~
MDL = (KI + KII)(S)(CF) where g
KI = The value of the upper percentile of the standardized normal variate corresponding to the preselected risk (5 percent) of a type I error.
KII
= The value of the upper percentile of the standardized normal variate corresponding to the preselected risk (5 percent) of a type Il error.
Established standard error for the net counting rate of the sample.
S
=
CF = The conversion factor from count rate to activity.
e Using a 95 percent confidence level, the MDL can be defined by:
MDL = 4.66 SQRT(BCR) CF where e'
SQRT(BCR)
= The square root of the background counting rate.
The conversion factor takes many variables into account, so it is differcat with each e
isotope and measurement. The correction factor accounts for total chemical yield, sample size, detector efficiency, branching fraction, decay fraction (decay prior to analysis),
unit conversion, and counting interval. The a posteriori MDL is determined by adding the 2 sigma (95 percent confidence level) value to the calculated value, even when it is negative.
e' el Gi Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 70 09/15/93 0
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i i
l References
)
(1)
U.S. Bureau of the Census,1990 Population Data. Prepared by Ohio Department of Development.
)
(2) lonizing Radiation Erposure of the Population of the United States, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP Report No.93,1987.
(3) Civil Effects Operations (LEX 59.4.23) Aeroradioactivity Surveys and A Real Geology of Parts of Ohio and Indiana (ARMS-1), May 1966.
3 (4) Ionizing Radiation Erposure of the Population of the United States, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP Report No. 93, 1987.)
(5) " Estimates of lonizing Radiation Doses in the United States 1960-2000",
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORP/CSD 72-1.
(6) Environmental Assessment for Bartelle Columbus Laboratories Decommissioning l'roject, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio,1990.
(7) Letter to John Paulian from Karen H. Cooper, Ohio EPA-Division of Public Water 3
Supply, dated September 20,1983.
(8) Radiation Protection to the Public and the Environment, Operational and Environmental Safety Division, DOE Order 5400.5, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, February 1990.
)
(9) National Revised Primary Drinking Water Regulations, Chapter I Environmental Protection Agency,40 CFR Part 141, July 1,1990.
(10) Scioto River Basin Waste Load Allocation Report for the 303 (e) Continuing
)
Planning Process for Water Quality Management.
(l1) Interim Report on Site Characteri~ation West JeTerson North Site Staee 1 Samnline and Analysis-Chemical Sampline Summary Report, Bartelle Columbus Operations, M. J. Stenhouse and T. C. Beard, December 22,1989.
)
(12)
User's Guide for CAP 88-PC. Version 1.0, United States Environmental Protection 1
Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Las Vegas Facility, EPA /402-B-92-001, March 1992.
l l
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 71 09/15193
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' O'
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Appendix Environmental Report External Distribution List
' Robert Dyer Jenny Tiell, Deputy Director.
Sanitation Engineer Waste Programs 13 North Oak Street Ohio EPA London, Ohio ' 43140 1800 Watermark Drive Columbus, Ohio 43266-0149 Dr. James Herman Health Commissioner John Sadzewicz, Chief Madison County Health Department Division of Drinking and Ground 13 North Oak Street Waters 9
London, Ohio 43140 Ohio EPA 1800 Watermark Drive Michael Pompili Columbus, Ohio 43266-0149 Assistant Health Commissioner Environmental Health -
Robert Rothwell, Chief -
'e Columbus Health Department -
Division of Water Pollution Control Ohio EPA City of Columbus 1800 Watermark Drive 181 Washington Boulevard Columbus, Ohio 43215 Columbus, Ohio 43266-0149 Robert Owen, Chief Mr. David Kee, Director Bureau of Radiological Health Air and Radiation Division Ohio Department of Health (SAR26) Mail Stop A-18J P.O. Box 118 U.S. EPA j
Columbus, Ohio 43266-0118 77 West Jackson Boulevard
- l Chicago, Illinois 60604 Donald R. Schregardus Director Ron Yerian Ohio EPA Public Utilities Commission.
i 1800 Watermark Drive Ohio Power Siting Board Columbus, Ohio 43266-0149 180 East Broad Street-.
8j Columbus, Ohio 43266-0573 Linda Welch, Chief Division of Hazardous Waste Mr. Terrance A. McLaughin, Director l
Management Waste Standards and Risk Assessments.
- Branch 9l 1800 Watermark Drive Office of Air and Radiation Columbus, Ohio 43266-0149.
Mail Stop ANR-460 U.S. EPA -
401 M Street SW l
Washington, D.C. 20460
~ e i
i i
Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 72 09/15/93 e:
t 0:
i Appendix (Continued) j O-Environmental Report External Distribution List q
Mr. Raymond Pelletier, Director Mr. A. Bert Davis, Administrator
.i Office of Environmental Guidance U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
.l
_O EH-23 Region III Office j
U.S. Department of Energy 799 Roosevelt Road 1000 Independence Avenue Glen Ellyn,-Illinois 60137 l
Washington, D.C. 20585 Mr. Jerry Zimmer, Branch Chief
,OJ Mr. Michael A. Kirkpatrick, Director Contracts Division.
l EH-24 U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Audits Chicago Operations and Regional f
U.S. Depanment of Energy Office 1000 Independence Avenue 9800 South Cass Avenue j
O Washington, D.C. 20585 Argonne, Illinois 60439 l
1 Lois A. Holmes Mr. J. O. Neff, Project Manager Manager U.S. Department of Energy j
- Communications 505 King Avenue, 15-1131 i
KI-29 Columbus, Ohio 43201 l
g Battelle Pacific Northwest i
Laboratories Dr. J. Donald Cossairt l
Battelle Boulevard Senior Environmental Protection 1
Richland, Washington 99352 Officer j
Fermi National Acceleration O
- Charles J. Haughney, Chief (3)
Laboratory Advanced Fuel and Spent Fuel P.O. Box 500 Licensing Branch Batavia, Illinois 60410 Mail Stop 6H3 Division of Fuel Cycle and Mr. Carl Bauer, Director O
Material Safety '
Idaho & Chicago Programs Division U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission EM-441 Washington, D.C. 20555 U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue Washington, DC 20585 O.-
e Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1992 Page 73 09/15/93 O.'
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