ML20009A535
| ML20009A535 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Cooper  |
| Issue date: | 01/26/1981 |
| From: | DAMES & MOORE |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20009A511 | List: |
| References | |
| RTR-NUREG-0654, RTR-NUREG-654 NUDOCS 8107130285 | |
| Download: ML20009A535 (49) | |
Text
Attachment 2
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cwamaxwrem~=m====a METEOROLOGICAL M0!iITORI! C SYSTEM DEVELOPMEt;T PLA!! FOR C4ERCE lCY PREPARED:;ESS EJR tlEBPASRA PUBLIC POWER DISTRICT l COOPER tiUCLEAR STATIO:3 BROW:NILLE, !iEliRASMA l
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8107130285 810630 January 26, 1931 DR ADOCK 05000298 Job 1:o. 07635-004-07 PDR l
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i TABLE OF CONTENTS 3
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EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
1 I
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I 1.2 OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I 2
1.3 REPORT OUTLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1.4 DESCRIPTION
OF PLANT AND ENVIRONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 2.0 PRIMARY METECROLOGICAL MEA 50REMENT PROGRAM. . . . . . . . . . . .
l 6 2.1 METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 2.2 SITING OF PRIMARY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l 10 2.3 ANALOG RECORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 11 2.4 DIGITAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . ._
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! 0 2.5 SYSTEM ACCURACY. . . . . . . . ...............
i 7 15 J 6 2.6 INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 19 I 5 2.7 DATA REDUCTION AND COMPILATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22 i b 2.8 BACK-UP POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 23 l 4 3.0 BACK-UP METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENT PROGRAM. .
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b 3.1 METEOROLOGICAL P AR AMETERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 24 3.2 SITING OF BACK-UP SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '
N 25 P 3.3 ANALOG RECORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P 25 D 3.4 DIC'TAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 25 3.5 SYSTEM ACCURACY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 e
3.6 INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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3.7 DATA REDUCTION AND COMPILATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
PAGE 3.8 BACK-UP POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.9 ALTERNATE DATA SOURCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.0 DAT A REPOR T itC SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2/
4.1 METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2 CENTRAL LGMMUNICATIONS COMPUTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.3 DATA DISPLAY 5, ,...................... 30 4.4 ALTERNATE DATA REPORTING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 30 33 5.0 LOCAL SITE CONDITIONS AND METEOROLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 CHANNELING OF WIND FLOW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 33 5.2 WIND DIRECTION MEANDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 0 6.0 ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION ASSESSMENT PROGRAM. . . . . .
7 35 6
6.1 DESCRIPTION
OF SITE AND PREDOMINANT WIND DIRECTIONS. . . . .
3 36 5 6.2 SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36 0 6.3 CLASS A MODEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 39 4 6.4 RECEPTCR NETWL"K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39 0 6.5 MODEL OUTPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 39 6.6 CLASS B MODEL. .......................
) N 6.7 DOSE CALCULATION METHODOLOGY , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 P
P 40 D 7.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Prior to commencement of work, a scope of work clarification meeting was held between Nebraska Public Power District and Dames & Moore in Columbus, Nebraska. This was followed by a site visit to Cooper fiuclear Station (CNS) by Dames & Maore to inspect the present metecrological monitoring sys tem, pcwer plant release points and the general terrain around the plant.
This report contains recommendations and draft plans to enable Cooper Nuclear Station to meet the meteorological portions of the emergency preparedness regulations as set dcun in Nuclear Regulation (NUREG) 0654, Appendix 2,' and in Revision 1, P,egulatory Guide 1.2 3. The recommendations also satisfy the requirements of Regulatory Guides 1.111, 1.145 and 1.97.
Mounting meteorological instrumrats on the Elevated Release Point Tower does not meet the guidelines for either instrument exposure or access for maintenance and calibration. It will therefore be necessary to provide a separate 10G-meter tower in approximately the location shown cn Figure 2 on the primary meteorological monitoring towers. This should carry wind speed 0
7 and wind direction measurements at 10, 60, and 1C0 meters above ground level, 6
3 temperature and dew point temperatures at 10 meters, and temperature dif-5
- ference between the 10- and 60- and 60- and 100-meter levels. Precipitr. ion 0
0 should be measured at the surface near the instrument shelter. This system 4
- will then provide the minimum requirements for both operational monitoring and 0
7 emergency conditions when the Class A model must be used. The present N 10-meter tower is satisfactory as a back-up monitoring station and should P
P remain in place. Care should be taken to bring the height of the nearby line D
3 of trees well below instrument height. Both the primary and back-up towers
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shculd have standard deviation of the wind direction computed statistically from 1 second samples of direction measurenants at all levels.
The present data acquisition system does not provide for rapid transfer and manipulation of data in an emergency situation. It is recom-mended that in addition to a chart recorder system (as a back-up) each tower has its own dedicated, program.T.able data acquisition system (DAS), which will form 15-minute average values , all parameters, store at least the last 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> of such values, and be capable of calculating standard deviation of wind direction. In addition, the OAS will be capable of separate telephone interrogation by fiPPD, fiRC , and other emergency organizations if required.
The Hewlett Packard 3054A Data Acquisition and Control System provides all three features as well as an excellent reliability and service record. !
Software for its operation is readily adaptable to the particular needs of I
Cris. A central control computer (CCC) situated in the Technical Support '
l Center at C:lS will receive data frcra the two DAS's at 15-minute intervals by direct line. This ccmputer will then perform necessary calculations and run 0 the Class A model. Parameter values and model results will then be displayed 7
6 on consoles in the Technical Support Centre and the Emergency Off-site 3
5 Facility. A microwave link will also be available between the CCC and the 0 General Office Computer (GOC) in Columbus to provide back-up computer 0
4 facilities. It will also be possible to transfer data by telephone line, and 0 for the G0C to directly access the OAS at Cooper fluclear Station should system 7
failure occur in the CCC.
ti P The report recommends that until the present meteorological P
0 monitoring system is upgraded (by April 1,1982), it will remain as a simple 3
Gaussian acdel, following Regulatory Guide 1.145. During this period, an augmented version of the Class A model should be prepared on the basis ,
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1 of existing data, to take advantage of the upgraded data when it becomes t
available. This model will include features to account for impingement of the plume on the western bank river bluff and plume meander.
The outline plan is tentative at this time and is intended for discussions and modification by NPPD.
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1.0 litTRODUCTI0tt 1.1 GENERAL This report describes the technical implementation plan by which the Cooper fluclear Station (CilS) proposes to meet the requirements set dnwn for the meteorological portions of fluclear Regulation (fiUREG) 0654, Appendix 2.
Tha scope of work is based on the proposal, "Mneorological System Update to Satisfy Emergency Preparea nss Requirements, Cooper fluclear Station," dated July 11, 1980, submittr J to liebraska Public Pcwer District (f; PPD) by Dames &
Moore. Phase I of this proposal was accepted by liPPD under Purchase Order No.
179104, and the scope of work was further refined and agreed on during a meeting held at Cnlumbus, Nebraska on December 11, 1980.
1.2 OBJECTIVES 0
7 6 The specific cbjectives of the work are as follows:
3 5 1. Examine the present meteorological monitoring system at CriS and
- recommend the upgrading necessary to bring it into ccmpliance 0 with Revision 1, Regulatory Guide 1.23.
0 4 2. Provic'e the plans and instrument specificatiens for collection
- of the required meteorological data, a data tranciaission system 0 between the monitoring instruments, CriS control room and 7 technical support center, the off-site emergency center, and a central computer and technical facility in Columbus, fiebraska.
Il P 3. Provide a functional description of the Class A model required P for minimum program operation until April 1,1982, and describe D its relation to the dose calculation methodology.
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- 4. Describe a technical plan for achieving the requirements of fiUREG 0654 and Revision 1, Regulatory Guide 1.23 according to
, schedule. The elements of the plan are to include detailed specification of instruments and instrument systems, Class A model description, and implementation schedule.
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It was further agreed that the data acquisition system should be designed to
- accomodate the needs of the district-wide data monitoring program that is 4
planned by IIPPD.
1.3 REPORT OUTLINE Sections 2.0 and 3.0 of the report set out the technical instru-mentation requirements needed to upgrade the present CNS meteorological system for tiUREG 0654. Section 2.0 deals with the primary instrument systco on a 100-meter high tower, while Section 3.0 describes the back-up systen on a 10-meter tower.
Section 4.0 details the data communication and display systems including remote access to on-site data by the t!uclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), energency response crganizations, and a central computer facility at ;
O the NPPD general office in Columbus.
7 6 Section 5.0 discusses the si te-st acific topographic and building 3
5 wake factors tl.at may be considered to influence atmospheric diffusion and b resulting radiological concentrations in any accidental plume release from 0
4 CNS.
b The site-specific Class A nodel is developed from the considerations 7
of Section 4.0 and described in functional terms in Section 6.0. Its relation t
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to the dose calculation methodology used at CNS is also described. Section P
P D 7.0 briefly reviews quality assurance requirements.
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1.4 DESCRIPTION
OF PLANT AND ENVIR0 tis 1.4.1 Location and Area The station is lecated in Nemaha County, Nebraska, on the west bank of the Missouri River, at river mile 532.5. This part of the river is referred to by the Corps of Engineers as the Lower Brownville Bend. Site coordinates are approximately 40 20' north latituda and 95 38' west longitude.
The site consists of 1,351 acres of land owned by Nebraska Public Power District. About 205 acres of this property is located in Atchinson County, Missouri, opposite the Nebraska portion of the station site. Tne land area upon which the station is situated is bounded by the Missouri River on the east and by privately-owned property on the ncrth, south, and west.
The terrain at the station site is fairly level with grade at an approximate elevation of 270 meters Mean Sea Level (MSL). An earth levee runs parallel with the Missouri River. The immediate station site area, excluding 0 the switchyard, which is behind the levee, was filled to an elevation of 7
6 275 meters MSL, 0.3 meter higher than the top of the levee. This fill extends 3
5 around the station buildings.
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1.4.2 Surroundings l 0
7 The reactor building lies about 1,460 meters to the cast of the N bluffs on the western side of the Missouri River floodplain. The western P
P bluff s rise about 60 meters above the plant grade level and the eastern D
3 river bluffs, which are about 9 to 10 kilometers away, also rise steeply to about 60 meters above the plant grade.
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The land around the powar plant is used for agriculture, and the chief products are corn, wheat, alfalfa, and soybeans. Cattle and hogs are also raised.
Based on 1970 census data, the nearest developed communities to the plant are Brownville, population 174, a nd flemaha , population 207.
Both lie in tiebraska about 5 kilometers northwest and southwest of Cris, respectively. Phelps City, Misscuri, located approximately 6.5 kilometers northeast of the plant, is the nearest settlement with industry, employing approximately 400 people in a meat packing operation.
1.4.3 Plant Descri tion The plant is situated on the west bank of the Missouri River with the cooling water structures and the turbine building lying between the river ,
i 0 and the reactor building. There are five operational release points that are 7
6 either contaminated or have the potential to become contaminated.
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0 1. The elevated release point, located in a separate tower 0 situated approxit.:ately 105 meters east-southeast of the reactor 4 building and ccaitting at a height of 100 meters above plant
- grade; O
7 2. The augme.nted radwaste building vent, located on top of the building in the southern corner, 1 meter above the roof; fl '
P 3. The radwaste building vents (3), located on top of the building P in the western corner,1 to 1.5 meters above the roof; D
3 4. The turbine generator building vents, located on top of the building at its eastern end, 2 meters above the roof, but below the height level of the attached reactor building; and
- 5. The reactor building vent, located on top of the building at its northern corner, 4.6 meters above the roof. '
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Operational dose calculations as reported under 10 CFR 50, Appendix I treat release point 1 above as an elevated release, release point 5 as a conditionally elevated release depending on meteorological conditions, and the remainder as ground-level releases since the releases occur so close to the top of their respective buildings.
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2.0 PRIMARY METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMEtiT PROGRAM The meteorological data acquisition and reporting system consists of an instrumented neteorological tower, signal conditioners, a digital data acquisition system, a central communication computer, and approcriate user displays. This section describes the functional capabilities of each of the system components.
The primary meteorological measurement system will consist of a 100-meter tower with
- hree levels of instrumentation and a surface precipitation gauge. Data at the primary site will be recorded on both analog and digital systens. The analog records will serve both as a back-up data source and as a diagnostic tool for verification and documentation of proper measurement system cerformance. ,
O The digital system will calculate and archive up to 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> of the 7
most recent 15-minute averages of all monitored parameters. In addition, it 6
3 5 will routinely telemeter current data to the central communications computer '
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0 that, in turn, will distribute the data to various users.
l 0 i 4 l 0 2.1 METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS l 7 l
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The meteorulogical parameters of the primary system have been i P
- P defined to provide respresentative data for the transport and diffusion l D 3 .
calculations under nomal and emergency operating conditions. The system consists of a 100-meter meteorological tower with three levels of instru-I 1 mentation and surface precipitation. .
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The release points at CNS include the elevated release point (ERP, 99.4 meters AGL) and three bui'. ding vents (assumed to be ground-level releases). The reactor building vent is a conditional ground-level release.
Dispersion model meteorological input parameters for eleveted release situations (i.e., ERP) will consist of wind speed and wind direction monitored at the 100-meter level. Stability parameters will be derived frcm a 100 meter delta temperature measurement. For emergency situations when wind speed exceeds minimum criteria, O y will be derived from the standard de/iation of the 100-meter wind direction parameter. Calculation of the standard deviation cf wind direction ( e ) will be perfomed by the digital data acquisition sy. em as discussed in Section 2.4.3.
Dispersion model input parameters for surface releases will consist of wind " peed and wind direction monitored at the 10-meter level of the primary tower. Stability parameters will be derived from a 60 meter 0
7 delta temperature measurement and, as described above, ce f the 10-meter wir.d 6
3 direction.
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- The der point parameter will be monitored at the primary tower 0
0 10-meter level as an aid in the assessment of pottntial fogging conditions.
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- Precipitation will be monitored near the base of the primary tower 0
7 as an and in the assessment of potential wash-out conditions.
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P 2.1.1 Instrumentation D
3 A tabular summary of the meteorological instrumentation to be installed at CNS is presented in Table 1. Ea-h parameter is discussed in more detail below.
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TABLE 1 METEORCLOGICAL EQUIPPINT SPECIFICATIONS SENSOR SIGNAL CC;;DITIONER ANALOG REC 0CDER VLHUOR/MUDEL N'). RECORDING RANGE COMMENTS P ARAME TER VENDOR /HDDEL NO. VENDOR /rWEL NO.
Teledyne-Ceotech/1564B Teledyne-Geotech/20.12 Esterline-Angus /L11525 0 to 100 eph Cup Set: Model 170-41 Wind Speed Distance Constant: 1.5 m (5 ft)
Threshold: 0.2d ui/s (0.63 nph;
$1gnal filter option not installed Wind Direction Telcdyre-Geotech/1565B Tel edyne-Geotech/20.22-1 0 Esterline-Angus /L11525 0 to 540' azimuth Vanc: Model 53.2 (QUICK TWD)
Distance Constant: 1.1 m (3.7 ft)
Damping Ratio: U.4 at 10' initial deflection Threshold: 0.3 r/s (0.7 riph) with 10' initial deflection Signal filter option not installed Teledyne-Geotech/20.32-Al Ester 11ne-Angus /L11025 -30*C to 4 50*C Sensor installed in Teledyne-Temperature Rosemount/78 Series Geotech Model 3270 aspirated radiation shield with aspiration failure warning Teledyne-Geotech/20.02-B1 Esterline-Angus /L11025 -S*C to +15'C Sensor installed in Teledyne-Delta lemperature Rosenount/78 Series Geotech Medcl 327 aspirated radiattoit shield with aspirat.
failure warning; delta-T deriveo by electronic subtraction cf
- lower level te.rperature Esterline-Angus /L11025 -30*C to +50*C Sensor installed in Teledyre-Dew Point Teledyne-Geotech/DP100 Tel edyne-Geotec h/20.22 (amplifier) Geotech Madel 327B aspirated radiation shield with aspiration failure warning Teledyne-Geotech/40.52 Esterl ine- Angus /MS101C Infinite - Sensor heated during winter Precipitation Weather Measure /PS11-E saonths to r.casure frozen WeJther Measure /P565W Recorder trace WcatLer Mcasure/ Windshield rescts at 2.5* prccipitation
Wind Speed - Wind speed parameters will be measured at the 10 , 60 ,
and 100-meter levels of the primary tower. The sensor utilizes a solid-state photo chopper assembly, which produces a frequency output porportional to wind speed.
Wind Direction - Wind direction parameters will be measured at the 10 , 60 , and 100-meter levels of the primary tower.
The sensor utilizes a single, low-torque potentiometer (linearity ,
+0.5 percent). The signal conditioner electronically constructs signal output proportional to a zero to 540 azimuth. Indication error at true north (the potentiometer gap of 4 maximum) is minimized electronically by addition of a I
voltage equivalent to one-half the potentiometer gap. The Teledyne-Geotech
" Quick Two" vane represents the best compromise of durability and performance of the three versions available. :
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7 Temnerature - Ambient temperature will be measured at the 10-meter 6
3 l ev el of the primary tower. The sensor will be a platinum resistance '
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- temperature device (RTD) with excellent repeatability and long-term stability.
0 0 The signal conditioner utilizes the 4-wire measurement technique and 4
- incorporates a correction circuit to reduce the second-order nonlinearity in 0
7 the RTD transfer curve. The 10-meter sensor will be utilized as the lower ,
l N level reference for delta temperature measurement. ;
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P The sensors will be installed in aspirated radiation shields with D i 3 the sample intake oriented downward. The aspirator will contain an air flow ;
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sensor and will be installed in a manner to provide visual and digital system
! indications of aspirator flow failure. ;
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Delta Temperature - Delta temperatures of 100 - 10 meters and 60 - 10 meters will be measured on the primary tower. The measurement system will use the same equipment as the ambient temperature system except that the signal conditioner will electronically perform the temperature subtraction.
! Flow indication will also be provided for the upper level aspirators.
Dew Point - The dew point parameter will be measured at the 10-meter level of the primary tower. The sensor utilizes the lithium chloride dew ,
cell method of dew point measurement for long-term reliability and minimum maintenance.
Precipitation - Precipitation will be measured near the base of the f primary tower with a tipping bucket instrument. The sensor will be equipped I with a windshield to minimize turbulence over the collection orifice and a heater (in winter months) to enable measurement of frozen precipitation.
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6 l 3 2.1.2 Instrument Exposure 5 ,
O Wind sensors at all primary tower measurement elevations will be
- O j 4 mounted on cross-arms at the end of an instrument boom approximately 1-1/2 to I
1 0 2 tower widths from the tower structure. The instrument booms will be- '
l 7 oriented into the prevailing annual w:nd direction. To minimize tower i N
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structure effects, accessories such as junction boxes and work platforms will ,
P l D be installed below the instrument levels.
3 The temperature / dew point aspirator intakes will be installed 1-1/2 l
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to 2 feet from the tower structure to minimize tower heating effects.
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The precipitation sensor and windshield will be installed on the surface in a well-exposed area and in the vicinity of the system instrument shelter.
2.1.3 System Reliability The selected instrumentation system has a well-established record of reliable operation. To further assure data availability, the system design will incorporate features to minf aize data loss due to environmental effects.
During periods with potential for freezing (i.e. , winter months),
precipitation sensor heaters will be installed and operated on all wind speed and wind direction sensors.
To minimize both the potential and extent of damage from electrical storms, the tower system will be well grounded and all sensor signal lines 8 0 will terminate to surge-arresting transient protection. Transient protection 7
6 will also be installed on incoming AC power lines.
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b 2.2 SITING 0F PRIMARY SYSTEM" 0
The location of the primary meteorological tower has been selected and has been submitted to the NRC for staff review.
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0 3 2.3 ANALOG RECORDERS All monitored parameters will be recorded via servo-type, potentio-metric analog recorders to achieve high response, accuracy and reliability.
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l To simplify maintenance, all recorders utilize cartridge inking systems and I chart paper scaled in the engineering units of the recorded parameter.
! Each level of wind speed and wind direction will be recorded on an Esterline-Angus L1152S dual-channel, continuous writing recorder. The recording format is side-by-side records on a 10-inch chart such that wind speed and wind direction recording widths are 4-1/2 inches each. Minor chart i graduations are 1 mph and 10 , respectively.
Temperature and dew point parameters will be recorded on an Esterlin t- Angus L11025 dual-channel continuous writing recorder. The i recording format allows both parameters to be recorded on a 10-inch width.
Minor chart graduations are 1 C.
The delta temperature parameters will be recorded on an Esterline-Angus L11025 dual-channel, continuous writing recorder with 10-inch recording width. Minor chart graduations are 0.1 C.
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7 The precipitation parameter will be recorded on an Esterline-Angus 6
- i 3 MS401C single-channel, continuous writing 5-cm recorder. Minor chart 5
- divisions are 0.10 inch of precipitation. However, due to the step-function 0
- . O recording characteristics, data reduction resolution is 0.01 inch of i 4 f l
precipitation. -
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i P D The digital data acquisition system for the meteorological 3
measurement program is a Hewlett-Packard (HP) 3054A Data Acquisition and Control System. The principal hardware components of this system are:
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- 1. An HP 9825T computer;
- 2. An HP 3497A data acquisition / control unit;
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- 3. 10-minute uninterruptible power supply; and
- 4. Communications modems.
i The data acqJisition system (DAS) is physically located at the meteorological monitoring site and communicates with the central communication 2
! computer (CCC) via a dedicated voice-grade telephone line. In addition, the i
system may be remotely interrogated by either a computer or an operator with a keyboard terminal, using a dial-up voice-grade telephone line.
The DAS will routinely transmit 15-minute averaged data for all i ~
measured parameters to the CCC. The DAS will also store 15-minute averages for the most recent 12-hour period in computer memory. These data will be available for retransmission to the CCC, if necessary, or for transmission via the dial-up ccmmunications port.
i 2.4.1 Hardware Description 0
7 i 6 Hewlett-Pt.ckarri 9825T Computer - The 9825T computer is equipped with i 3 j 5 62 K bytes of read / write memory, an operator keyboard, a thermal printer, a
. 0 32-character LED display, and a tape cartridge drive. The operating system l 0 l
4 resides in Read-Only Memory (ROM), so that virtually all of the 62 K bytes of 0 read / write memory are available for the data acquisition software and data 7
storage.
H l P The 9825T is configured with three input / output interfaces: ;
P 0 1 An HPIB (IEEE 488-1978) interface for communication with 3 the data acquisition / control unit;
- 2. An EIA-RS232C serial interface for communication with the CCC via dedicated telephone line; and ,
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- 3. An EIA-RS232C serial interface for communication with the I dial-up port. .
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I Hewlett-Packard 3497A Data Acquisition / Control Unit - The 3497A data l
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acquisition / control unit provides for anal og-to-digital conversion of up I
to 20 analog input signals and input of digital status information. It l
l l communicates with the 9825T computer via an HPIB (IEEE 488-1978) interface.
Hardware includes a 20-channel relay multiplexer assembly, a 5-1/2-digi' l digital voltmeter, an optically isolated digital input assembly, and a battery t
backed-up time-of-year clock.
2.4.2 Software Description Applications software for the DAS will be provided by Dames & Moore.
The software is written in Hewlett-Packard's HPL programming language. HPL is a high level interpretive language tl[at is especially suited to data I
acquisition and control applications. Although similar to BASIC, it is more 0 compact and considerably faster.
7 6 The software is designed to ha as flexible as possible to accom-3 5 modate changes in system configuration and monitoring requirements. Addition O of new meteorological parameters, or changing specifications for existing 0
4 parameters, can be accomplished by an operator using interactive keyboard 0 commands without the need to modify the software itself. 4 3 7
- The software is written in a modular fashion in order to facilitate '
j N P upgrades, addition of new features to the system, or its extension for use P
l D with a wider network.
i 3 ,
3 0
4
[13] 1 Dames & Moore
+e-~ - +ree+ e w .-e , y- e w wem . w,- er- e y -a,w w i, 1 -ywvs,e---=-wevw--,-e,-v-es---,--e---ween--w-, w.-e--+~'e-=reaw-ee-me--w-+,w..n,---w=e
4 4 .
' 2.4.3 Functional Description i The primary functions of the DAS are the periodic sampling and averaging of meteorological data for all measured parameters, and the i
4 transmission of the averaged data to the CC.'
' Data Acouisition - The 3497A Data Acquisi ion / Control Unit is programmed to periodically digitizc analog signal inputs for all meteoro-logical parameters and interrupt the DAS computer after all channels are digitized. The computer reads the voltage for each channel, makes the l
appropriate conversion to meteorological units, and uses the value to update the running totals for the current period's average.
In addition to 15-minute average values for all parameters, the DAS also calculates 15-minute values for sigma theta (standard deviation of horizontal wind direction). The sigma values are based on samples of wind
, 0 7 direction at 5-second or more frequent interval s , in conformance with NRC
! 6 3 Regulatory Guide 1.23.
5 The DAS has the capability of checking status inputs for each i
i 0 0 parameter. These inputs will include an out-of-service status for use if 4
' - the sensor is being calibrated, repaired, or is not in operation; and an 0
Any 7 aspirator flow status for temperature and delta temperature parameters.
j N status indicating that data are missing or unreliable causes instantaneous P
j P values for the corresponding parameters to be omitted from the averaging D
3 , process until a good status is restored. Regardless of status, instantaneous data are always available to the operator for maintenance purposes.
Data Transmission - Under normal operation, averages will be
- transmitted from the DAS to the CCC at 15-minute intervals (timing of
[14] ,
Dames & Moore l l
I
\ '
,. l
' I 2
i i
transmission is controlled by CCC). The transmission protocol will include error detection r.icchanisms such as check characters to ensure that data are ',
transmitted accurately. Data will be retransmitted as necessary if errors are ,
detected. l Additional transmi" % 3 s.on be initiated at any time by the CCC, i including any or all 15-minute averages for the most recent 12-hour period.
i Remote Interrogation - Instantaneous or averaged data can be j i
requested at any time via the remote dial-up port of the 'DAS. A password
! 8 scheme is utilized to prevent unauthorized access.
While the remote interrogation capabilities specified in Regulatory ,
Guide 1.23 and flVREG 0654 will be implemented on the CCC rather than the DAS, l I
i the dial-up port of the DAS can be utilized by NPPD's general office computer 4
I as a back-up in the event communication with the CCC becomes impossible for I 0 any reason.
7 l 6 i 3
5 2.4.4 System Reliability
.t 0
0 The DAS is designed to operate continuously for long periods of '
4
- time without operator intervention. An uninterruptible power source (UPS) at i '
0 -
7 the monitoring site will maintain power to the DAS for up to 10 minutes in the 1 i
N event of AC power loss. l P
i P If AC power is out for as long as 5 minutes, all information '
D 3 necessary for system recovery, including all currently stored data, is ,
I i automatically written to the 9825T computer's tape cartridge unit. .
If the power outage then exceeds the 10-minute capacity of the !
UPS, the DAS software and the recorded data will be automatically reloaded I ,
from the tape cartridge when power is restored. l l
[15] I i
Dames & Moore ;
i 1
, - - - - ~ , - . ~ _ _ _ , _,
. ._- .. -.. - _ = _ - .
l The time-of-year clock in the data acquisition / control u, nit has a
- battery back-up and will maintain the correct time for more than 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> .
without AC power.
' The entire data acquisition system (except the modems and the i
UPS) can be supported by an on-site service agreement with Hewlett-Packard, i
HP's on-site support ranges from routine periodic maintenance to emergency ;
I ' on-site repair.
2.5 SYSTEM ACCURACY j The system accuracies for all parameters have been calculated from .
published vendor specifications using the root sum of the squares (RSS) method. Within a parameter system, each error component is squared, the su:n l
of the square of the error components calculated, and the error detenn'.ned i
0 ' from the square root of the sum of squares. For the analog systems, estimates 7
i 6 of the data reduction error are included in the system error calculation.
- 3 5 System accuracies, by parameter, for both analog and digital '
0 averaged data are presented in Table 2. g 0
4
~
0 g 2.6 IriSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE l
7 q i i
N
- The instrument maintenance program will consist of weekly system lj P i P inspections, scheduled system maintenance and calibrations, and emergency ,
D -
3 -, repair and calibrations. l
.i. l l ,
I l
[16] l.
Dames & Moore t .
_ . . - _ . . -,~..:.,..----,--~..-~. _ , - , , , , _ - - . - , - - , - - -. , . , .n,,,.. ,,--,,-,,----.--._,-,,-n~, - - - - - ~ . - - , , - - ,
TABLE 2 CALCUL ATED SYSTEM ACC'JRAC1ES BY PARAMETER ANALOGa REGULATORY GUIDE 1.23 OIGITAL REGULATORY GUIDE 1.23 SYSTEM ERROR REQUIRE MENT SYSTEM ERROR REQUIREPINT Wind Speed +0.29 n/s (+0.65 mph) +0.33 m/s (+0.75 mph) +0.11 m/s (+0.25 mph) +0.22 m/s (+0.5 mph)
Tor wind speed (11.13 m/s Tor wind spied < 11.13 m/s Tor wind speed < 11.13 m/s Tor wind speed < 11.13 m/s Wind Direction +6.53' azimuth +7.50* azimuth +3.8* azimuth +5' azimuth Temperature +0.37*C +0.5*C +0.16'C +0.5'C Delta Temperature b +0.18'C +0.15'C/50 Nters 10.16*C 1015*C/50 meters Dew Point +0.98'C +1.5'C +0.92*C +1.5*C Precipitation +0.5% of catch at 0.5"/hr +10% of catch +0.5% of catch at 0.5"/hr +10.0% of catch dIncludes estimatrJ reduction error.
bCalculations are based upon 1-year stability specifications for sensor, llowever, the parameter will be recalibrated at 6-conth intervals in a manner th.at will compensate for sensor drif t, reducing operation error.
. \
2.6.1 System Inspections j
To provide for the continuing availability of reliable data, a '
l program of weekly system inspections will be implemented. The inspection -
4 activities will be designed to verify accurate operation of the entire meteorological system from the sensors through to the remote interrogation system. Should an inspection identify potentially malfunctioning equipment, corrective action vi 'l be initiated. :
i The system inspection procedure will be documented on a printed checklist. The activities perfonned at the monitoring site will include the following checks:
l 1. Visual inspection of the sensors for damage or degradation; ,
t
- 2. Correlation of observed meteorology with recording systems indications; i I
- 3. Examination of chart records for potential instrument problems; ,
- 0 ]
7 4. Perfomance of analog recorder maintenance; and !
i 6 j 3 5. Verification of proper DAS functioning.
- l 5
l
- The activities performed within the plant and related facilities l 0
will include verifying: !
0 4
- 1. Proper operation of the central communications computer;
^
! O 7 2. That all displays are functional; and e il 3. That remote interrogation channels are functional .
. P
- P i
! D i 3 2.6.2 System Maintenance and Calibrations i
i A maintenance and calibration program will be established so i that all equipment is maintained at vendor recommended intervals and so that meteorological system calibrations are perfomed semiannually. i f ;
[17]
Dames & Moore l
i Meteorological system calibrations will consist of four types of activities:
- 1. Multipoint, premaintenance system
- accuracy checks; i
- 2. Preventive maintenance; t
- 3. System alignment to within defined tolerance limits; and
- 4. Multipoint, post-adjustment system accuracy checks.
Whenever possible and practical, system accuracy checks will be :
performed by precise simulation of physical quantities (e.g. , siting wind :
direction vanes on surveyed azimuth markers, etc.) to verify that the system performs within the specified accuracies of Regulatory Guide 1.23. Specific ,
, procedures for system accuracy checks are presented in Appendix A. l All calibration activities will be documented on printed calibration 0
forms and in the site log. ,
I To maintain data availability, scheduled maintenance activities will 0
7 be performed when back-up systems are known to be functiael. l 6 i 3 l 5
- 2.6.3 Emergency Maintenance !
l 0 ;
O 4 Emergency maintenance may be initiated by system inspections or !
O by actions of system display or system data users. Upon identification of a ;
i 7
problem (or potential problem) with the primary system, back-up procedures !
N l P will be initiated. It is anticipated that in most cases emergency maintenance l P
D will be completed with minimum down-time. As discussed in Section 4.1.2, the l 3
system has sufficient redundancy that a back-up data source or procedure .I is available in the event of failure of any system subcomponents. ,
' i
! l
- System refers to all monitoring system components from sensor through analog ,
recorder and DAS.
I I
! [18]
I Dames & Moore
l To minimize down-time in the event of equipment f ailure, an inventory of spare parts will be maintained at Cris. The spares inventory will include at least one replacement for each of the meteorological system components. DAS spares will include at least one of each of the modules that interface to external equipment. To further simplify maintenance of the DAS, i the system software diagnostics provided with the system will allow the system technician to quickly diagnose a problem to the module level. ,
I f
2.7 DATA REDUCTI0ti AND COMPILATION Routine operational data reduction, compilation and reporting will be performed by the NPPD General Offices Ccaputer (G0C). The data will be transferred to the G0C, in the form of 15-minute averages, from the CCC via microwave transmission.
O A software package to run on the GOC will be developed to perform 7
6 the functions described in this section. Data will be processed on a monthly 3
5 basis. The basic processing steps necessary are:
b 1. Reduce 15-minute averages to clock-hour averages; O
4 2. Screen the data for missing, i nval id , or questionable data; b 3. Invalidate or correct data identified in Step 2, if necessary; 7 1
- 4. Generate an hourly listing of the data set; i N l P 5. Compile monthly and annual joint frequency distributions P of wind speed and wind direction by atmospheric stability D class, as prescribed in Regulatory Guide 1.23; and 3
- 6. Generate a magnetic tape containing the hourly averaged data, using the format described in Regulatory Guide 1.23. .
The programs necessary to complete each of these steps are described below (program names are indicative only).
[19] I Dames & Moore
l t
I t
2.7.1 Program REDUCE 4
Program REDUCE reads a data file of 15-minute averaged data and 1
generates a new data file of hourly averaged data. Hcurly averages are l
computed as the 3rithmetic mean of all valid 15-minute averages for a given ;
i j clock hour, with the following exceptions: (1) hourly average wind directions are computed ;s vector averages; and (2) hourly precipitation is totaled.
I 2.7.2 Program SCREEN i
Program SCREEN reads a data file of hourly averages and performs L,
the following checks:
' 1. Insures that no hours are skipped in the data file.
- l
! 2. Checks each hourly average of each parameter against predefined maximum and minimum limits. These limits are based on climato-logical records and are intended to identify data that are ;
O outside the range normally expected for the site.
7 6 3. Checks consecutive hourly averages of each parameter against
. 3 predefined limits for the maximum and minimum change between -
!. 5 hours. i
) 0 4. Checks hourly wind speeds and directions against predefined
. O limits for difference between tower level s (e.g., compares I
4 10-meter wir.d speed against 60-meter wind speed).
l 0 5. Compares hourly dew point temperatures at all levels against i 7 corresponding hourly ambient (dry bulb) temperatures.
f N 6. Checks hourly delta temperature values for consistency between P
different height interval s (e.g. , 60 m vs. 90 m) .
P D The program generates a listing of data for all hours containing any question-3 j able values, based on the checks above. The program makes no changes to the data file itself.
i 2
[20] ,
Dames & Moore
_ . - _ - _ - _ . _ _- .. --~
1 .
.i 2.7.3 Program EDIT i
If any of the values identified by the SCREEN program, described above, need to be invalidated or corrected, the EDIT program may be used to make the required changes to the data file. In addition to a revised data file, the program also generates a log of all changes made.
i This program is also used to edit data that are deemed suspect due to maintenance or calibration records or other information showing the data to be unrepresentative of actual conditions.
i 2.7.4 Program LIST Program LIST generates a formatted, labeled listing of all hourly i
j data collected during a given month. The program also prints the maximum, minimum, and mean values for each parameter during the month.
0 7
6 3 2.7.5 Program JOINT 5
b Program JOINT ccmpiles joint frequency tables of wind speed and wind 0
4 direction by stability class. One table is generated per stability class.
b The table format conforms to the requirements of Regulatory Guide 1.23.
7 N
P 2.7.6 Program NRCTAPE -
1 p
0 3 Program NRCTAPE reformats the hourly averaged data according to the specifications of Regulatory Guide 1.23 and writes the reformatted data to magnetic tape.
i
[21]
Dames & Moore
2.8 BACK-UP POWER SUPPLY The method of implementing a back-up power supply for the primary .
meteorological system will be defined during the system implementation phase.
Among the options being considered are an on-site, gas-powered standby generatt,e and installation of t: .: power supply system such that switch-over to
' i plant standby power 'is easily accomplished.
- i l
i t
i O l 7 .
6 3 ;
5
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i 0 ,
7 l
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i I !
I
'l t ll [22] I Dames & Moore I j
.i
n e i
3.0 BACK-UP METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMEtiT PROGRAM The back-up meteorological measurement system will consist of a 10-meter tower instrumented to measure wind speed and wind direction.
Data at the back-up site will be recorded on both analog and digital systems.
F The analog records will serve both as a back-up data source and as a l
i diagnostic tool for verification and documentation of proper measurement system performance.
The digital system will calculate and archive up to 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> of the 1
most recent 15-minute averages of all monitored parameters. In addition, it will routinely telemeter current data to the Central Communications Computer
- (CCC). In the event of an outage of the primary system, the CCC will 1
substitute back-up site data for distribution to the various users.
j i
! O 3.1 METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS
- 7 6
i 3 The meteorological parameters monitored by the back-up system will l 5 In addition,
- consist of wind speed and wind direction at the 10-meter level.
0 0 the DAS will calculate the standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction 4
(og ) over each 15-minute data averaging period. Sigma theta will be used by 0
!' 7 real-time dispersion model s in emergency situations to estimate stability il classification.
- P f
P i D l 3 3.1.1 Instrumentation i
! The instrumentation utilized in the back-up meteorological system l
will be identical to that described in Section ?_.1.1 for the primary system.
l
[23]
I Dames & Moore
3.1.2 Instrument Exposure The wind sensors for the back-up tower will be installed on the top f
- of the existing 10-meter, self-supporting mast. There will be no mechanical i
structures of significant dimensions at the senscr level to affect instrenent i exposure.
l )
2 3.1.3 System Reliability 1
The selected instrumentation system has a well-established record of i
reliable operation. To further assure data availability, the system design I
will incorporate features to minimize data loss due to environmental effects.
During periods with potential for freezing precipitation (i.e.,
winter months), sensor heaters will be installed and operated on the wind
( speed had wind direction sensors.
0 7 To minimize both the potential and extent of damage from electrical i 6 l 3 storms, the tower system will be well grounded and all sensor signal lines l 5
- will terminate to surge-arresting transient protection. Transient cr u ction j 0
- O will also be installed on incoming AC power lines.
! 4 I -
O 7 3.2 SITING OF BACK-UP SYSTEM N
i P The back-up meteorological system will be sited at the location of I p D the existing 10-meter wind system, approximately 300 meters (1,000 feet) 3 northwest of the plant building complex. The site is in level terrain with excellent exposure in all directions. There now exists a line of trees approximately 6 meters tall north of the site. These will be removed as f
l necessary for adequate instrument exposure. The only other significant
[24]
[ Dames & Moore l
obstruction to wind flow is the plant building complex in the east-southeast sectors. The site is sufficiently removed from the buildings so that wind measurements from the southeast sector will not be significantly affected.
Further, historical on-site data show that winds from the east to southeast have a relatively low frequency.
3.3 APALOG RECORDERS The analog recording system for the back-up ' meteorological parameters will be identical.to that described in Section 2.3 for the primary system wind parameters.
3.4 DIGITAL DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM The digital data acquisition system for the back-up meteorological 0
7 measurements site is identical to that described for the primary site 6
3 (Section 2.4).
5 0
0 3.5 SYSTEM ACCURACY 4
0 The system accuracy of each parameter of the back-up system will be 7
identical to that calculated for like parameters of the primary system because N >
P the instrumentation is identical .
P 0
3 3.6 INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE The inspection, maintenance, and calibration programs of the back-up meteorological system will be under the same procedural requirements as those i
[25]
Dames & Moore
1 1 .
1 .
i of the primary system. Procedures will be defined to ensure that the back-up system is not removed from service while the primary system is out of service.
.i a
3.7 DATA REDUCTION At4D COMPILATION j I
Data from the back-up system will be used only as needed to fill
'l in data that are not available frcm the primary system. This data replacement will normally be made by the CCC system, which maintains continuous ccmmuni-cations with both the primary and back-up data acquisition systems. The resultant data are then transmitted to the ffPPD General Offices Computer (G0C) i for further processing, which is described in Sectic- 2.7.
~
i i ,
i i i 3.8 BACK-UP POWER SUPPLY I The method of implementing a back-up power supply for the back-up 0
7 meteorological system will be defined during the system implementation phase.
6 3 Among the options being considered are an on-site, gas-powered, standby I i 5 j
- generator and installation of the power supply system such that switch-over to
, 0 0 plant standby power is easily accomplished. .
I 4 i l 0 8 7 3.9 ALTERNATE DATA SOURCE l 3 l
N Under certain wind conditions, the a 9 parameter of the back-up -
P 1 !
P l' system may not provide an accurate indication of atmospheric stability.
D i 3 .;
During planned or unplanned outages of the primary data acquisition and ;
l I
i j l reporting system, a voice link will be established with the National Weather i <
]
! Service at Omaha, Nebraska. The purpose of the link will be to enable I
estimation of a dispersion stability class on the basis of wind speed and f i.
- insolation / cloud cover parameters.
[26] f Dames & Moore i
..__ _ t _ _.__ _ _ _._._ _.. _ _ _ _ _. _
l 4.0 DATA REPORTING SYSTEM The CNS data acquisition and reporting system will consist of two meteorological monitoring systems, a central communications computer, user i displays, and a back-up computing system at NPPD's general offices. The functional components are interconnected by a network of modems and dedicated 3
communication links.
4.1 METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEMS Each meteorological monitoring system (primary and back-up) will ccnsist of measurement instruments, signal conditioners, an analog recording system, and a digital data acquisition system (CAS). The OAS functions as a preprocessor and back-up data archive for the on-site measurements. The analog voltage of each, monitored parameter is sanpled and digitized at regular 0
7 intervals, convert ed to physical units, and stored in a form for computation 6
3 of a 15-minute average. Every 15 minutes, synchronized with the clock hour, 5
- period averages for all parameters including c0 are calculated and archived.
0 Up to 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> of the most recent 15-minute averages are archived. The OAS 0
4
- flags each archived average with a status code indicating the completeness of 0
7 the average (e.g., too few samples due to aspirator failure, etc.) as an indication of data validity to users. ;
N P
P When polled by the CCC (or via the back-up dial-in port), the DAS 0
3 will transmit the requested data.
1
[27]
Dames & Moore
4.2 CENTRAL COMMUNICATIONS COMPUTER The CCC is the primary means of dissemination of monitored data to the various users under both routine and emergency situations. Under normal plant operations, the CCC will interrogate the primary and back-up site data acquisition systems approximately every 15 minutes and request transmission ,
of the latest calculated average of all monitored parameters. Data transmission will be implemented via modems and a dedicated, voice-grade communications line .
between the CCC and each monitoring site. The data communications rate will be 1200 baud. All data transmissions will be performed in blocks; one block contains all parameters of a specific averaging period. The protocol will include character parity and a block cyclical redundancy check (CRC) character.
Provisions will be made for retransmission in the event of a parity or CRC error. The transmission request will be repeated up to three times, if necessa ry. After three unsuccessful tries, the CCC will assume the site id down for that averaging period and will display a warning message on the system console and on active user displays. If applicable, the CCC will substitute data from the back-up site for system display. All substituted data will be ident1fied on user displays.
Prior to dissemination of primary or back-up site data to user N
P displays, the CCC will inspect the status codes associated with each '
P D parameter's average. The status code will be O for valid data and some other 3
digit if less than one-half the possible samples (180 values for og ) were incorporated into the average of the DAS. Less than complete averages could result from occurrences such as aspirator failure, operator putting a
[28]
Dames & Moore
i parameter out of service for maintenance, digitizer time-out, c'c. Should the primary site data set be incomplete, it will be disseminated to active user teminals along with back-up site data and an appropriate warning message. -
' Of no valid samples exist for an averaging period, the displayed cata field
! will be 9-filled. j The 15-minute data averages are routinely archived on a historical i l
i disc file that is dumped to tape monthly as an on-site historical record. At
~
- least 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> of 15-minute averages of all monitored parameters will be available for display or model execution.
The routine data processing for required periodic reports c will be l performed on NPPD's General Offices Computer (GOC). On a daily basis (or more i
frequently if required), the CCC transmits site data from the primary and back-up systems to the G0C via the microwave-link.
4 In an emergency situation, teminal users in the EOF, TSC, or on one l i
0 7 of the dial-in ports will have the capability to ccomand execution of a Type A 6
3 model or (after the required implementation date) a Type B model. The Type A 5
- model (described in Section 5.0) will be executed in real-time on the CCC 0
0 and the results displayed to the requesting user. It is anticipated that 1 i 4
- the CCC may not have sufficient capacity or speed for execution of a Type B i 0 7 model. Therefore, when execution is requested, the command and necessary N meteorological data will be telemetered to the GOC via the dedicated microwave {
P link. The Type B model will be executed on the G0C. Model results will be P
l :'
D
, 3 transmitted back to the CCC for display to the requesting user.
l .
I i
i
. I 3
I l
E29] l Dames & Moore !
j j .,.
i l
4 4.3 DATA DISPLAYS Data displays for the meteorological data acquisition and reporting l
system will consist of dedicated displays and dial-in communication ports for ,
I remote users. Dedicated displays will be located in the control room, I emergency operations facility (E0F), and in the technical support center (TSC).
A dedicated output to the nuclear data link (NDL) fonnatter will also be provided. All user displays (except the NDL output) will be operator inter-active. Under normal operation, the displays will be routinely updated with
- current averaged data from the meteorological monitoring system. However, the c
! display user may, at any time, request the display of prior data from the CCC disc archive file or request execution of the model and display of results.
The communications system for the displays will consist of dedicated
) 0 serial, hard-wired, voice-grade lines and associated modems. The communi-7 6 cations protocol will be ASCII with character parity at 1200 baud.
3 5 , The control room terminal will be hard copy-type to provide O historical data with minimal operator interaction; other displays will be '
0 4 CRT-type with display buffer for low maintenance and ease of operation.
2 0
7 4.4 ALTERNATE DATA REPORTING MODES N
P P The meteorological data acquisition and di ssemination system l l D
- 3 ,
discussed above provides sufficient redundant communications paths to function l in the event of failure of any of the primary system components. !
i l
l i f
! i l [30] f i
Dames & Mou l
I 4.4.1 Failure of the Primary Monitoring Site In the event of failure of the primary meteorological monitoring system or its associated DAS, the CCC will automatically substitute data ,
from the back-up monitoring system. The back-up site will provide accurate wind and stability measurements for use in ground-level release modeling situations. For elevated release situations,100-meter winds will be estimated by power-law extrapolation of the 10-meter level winds. The power law equation coefficients will be determined frcm on-site historical data. ,
In the event only one or a few parameters of the primary monitoring system are out of service, the valid parameters will continue to be dissemi-nated. For example, the 60-meter delta temperature or winds would be used if the 100-meter instruments were out of service. Back-up system data will automitically be substituted by the CCC when primary 10-meter winds are 0 out of service.
7 6 '
In the event of failure of the dedicated communications channel 3 .
5 between the primary site DAS and the CCC, the communications link will be b reestablished via the dial-in communications port. The on-site DAS will be 0
4 equipped with a remote keyboard feature on the dial-in port that will enable O remote resetting of the computer and reloading of the program should it become necessary.
N p i P !
D 4.4.2 Failure of the CCC 3
During those time periods when the CCC is out of service for i
l maintenance or other reasons, data acquisition, modeling, and dissemination will be performed by the G0C. Several microwave channels are available to .
l .
.j !
[31] i i
Dames & Moore
- the G0C. The CCC and display modem systems will be manually switched in such a manner that for communication purposes the GOC appears functionally identical to the CCC.
L O i 7 ,
6 3
5 ;
0 0
4 0
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D 3 .
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[32]
i Dames & Moore ,
l
1 5.0 LOCAL SITE CONDITIONS AND METEOROLOGY Cooper Nuclear Station is situated in a relatively open and simple topographical location. There are no abrupt changes in surface type, and topographic features are limited to the bluffs on either side of the flood-plain. The nearest bluff rises about 50 metars above the plant grade and lies approximately 1,450 meters to the west. Valley bottom slope is very small and valley drainage winds appear unli).aly.
There are three aspects of location that may affect the meteoro-logical considerations that should be included in the Class A model and these are discussed below.
5.1 CHANNELING 0F WIND FLOW Although the topographic features around CNS are minor, it is O possible that channeling of wind flow occurs with light winde and a stable 7
6 atmosphere. Annual wi-d rose figures for the year July 1,1976 to June 30, I
E 1977 show that more than 50 percent of measured winds blow along the river b valley. This evidence is not conclusive, since prevailing winds are somewhat 0
4 similarly distributed.
O It is planned that existing records will be examined in more detail 7 '
during development of the augmented Class A model, which will be operational i
N P by April 1, 1982, to determine whether a channeling effect does exist, so that P
0 it can be incorporated.
3 5.2 WIND DIRECTION PEANDER Under stable conditions with steady, low speed- wi nds, plume dispersion is usual ty slow, but because of larger scale plume meanders,
[33]
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-. . - - - - . ~ . _
calculated ground-l ev e'l concentrations are lower than usually calculated by a simple Gaussian model. Because the CNS site is open and unifom, the usual method of accounting for this meander (Regulatory Guide 1.111) can be successfully used and will be incorporated into the Class A model.
0 7
6 3
5 0
0 4
0 7
N P
P D
3 l
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6.0 ATMOSPHERIC TRAfiSPORT AND DIFFUSI0il ASSESSMENT PROGRAM 6.1 DESCRIPTI0f4 0F SITE AND PRE 00MIilANT WIrlD DIRECTI0 tis It is required that the Class A model, used for emergency planning and used during any emergency thct may occur, will consider the site-specific characteristics of the plant.
Cooper Nuclear Station is relatively free f,om toongraphic influence and is not situated near any large water body or other feature requiring consideration of different surf ace roughness, heat transfec, or other discontinuity in surface characteristics.
CNS is located on the floodplain of the Missouri River. The orientation of the floodplain is approximately NflW-SSE; the average width is 8 kilometers, and it widens to about 15 kilometers just south of the plant. The east-west width of the floodplain in the vicinity of the plant is 0
/ approximately 11.5 kilcmeters with CNS situated 1.5 kilometers from the 6
3 western side. Nearly vertical, 50-meter high embankments determine the 5
- eastern and western sides of the floodplain with the terrain to the cast 0
0 and west of the floodplain remaining relatively constant for a long distance 4
- at the 50-meter height. The floodplain itself is virtually flat in the 0
7 vicinity of the power plant; the change in elevation from sout!. to north is N approximately 7 meters over 23 kilometers.
P P As a result of analysis of 6 years of wind data from the on-site D
3 100-neter tower and 1 year of data from the 10-meter tower at Omaha Airport, the predominant wind directions at the site were determined. More than 50 percent of the time the wind direction was southeast through south to southwest or northwest through north to north-northeast. The wind direction at the site was nearly indeperdent of stability class. These predominant wind
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directions appear to be determined at the synoptic scale rather than induced by local terrain features. However, near the surf ace of the floodplain (i.e.,
below the 50-meter embankment height), it is expected that some channeling of the wind will occur under near calm conditions.
6.2 SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS There are five potential sources of radioactive emissions frem CitS.
These are described in detail in Section 1.4 Briefly, they consist of:
o The elevated release point at 100 naters in height; o Vents frcm the turbine, radwaste, and augmented radwaste buildings, all of which are emitted close to their building rooftops and a~re treated as ground-level releases; and o The vent from the reactor building, which is discharged 5 meters above the building and is treated as a conditional 0 ground-level release, depending on meteorological conditions.
7 6
3 5 6.3 CLASS A MODEL 0
0 Appendix 2 of t;UREG 0654 specifies that the Class A model will be 4
- used to assess the short-term consequences of accidental radioactive releases 0
7 . to thc -1... ss p he re and to aid in the implementation of emergency response il decisions. This model will use actual 15-minute average meteorological data P
P to estimate initial transport and diffusion estimates for plume exposures D
3 ,
within the emergency planning zone (EPZ) within 15 minutes following the classification of an incident.
i CflS plans to use the standard Gaussian methodology as outlined in Regulatory Guide 1.145 with minor modifications to account for the influences
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of local terrain. The data available for use by the model will differ before and after April 1, 1982, so that two model descriptions are provided.
6.3.1 Upgraded Meteorological Data System In the event that the incident involves release of radioactive material from the elevated release point (100 reters), the Gaussian plume model will use the wind speed and direction measured at the 100-meter height.
Atmospheric stability will be determined from the temperature difference between 60 meters and 100 meters or frcm os at 100 meters for windspeeds above the threshold value. .
The height of the plume centerline above the terrain wili be computed by the standard NRC methodology as described in Regulatory Guide 1.145, Section 1.3.2. This approach subtracts the terrain height fran the ,
initial plume height and is appropriate for the river valley and the nearly 0 '
7 6 flat plateau region adjacent to it.
3 5 If an accidental release occurs from any of the four release points b attached to the buildings, such that all surface releases are assumed, then 0
4 appropriate building wake effects will be included in the calculation (per b Regulatory Guide 1.145). However, the Gaussian plume model will use different 7
sets of wind and stability data depending on the location of the receptor.
N P ,
For a receptor located in the river valley, the wind speed and P
D direction from the 10-meter tower level will be used in the Gaussian plume 3
model. Atmospheric stability will be determined using the temperature difference between 10 meters and 60 meters from the tower or fraa og at 10 meters for windspeeds above the threshold value. This calculation procedure
! i i E37]
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will be used until the plume reaches an enbankment on either side of the river valley.
Concentrations at locations on the elevated terrain will be computed using the wind speed and direction from the 100-meter level and tenparature difference between 10 and 100 meters or c e at 100 meters for windspeeds above the threshold value. These measurements more accurately represent the air flow over the 50-meter high plateaus th;n do the wind data measured at only 10 meters above ground level.
6.3.2 Existing Meteorological Data Until the upgraded meteorological system becomes available on April 1, 1982, wind data will be available frcm 10-meter height only and temperature difference between 10 and 100 meters on the ERP tower. These data 0 will be used in the Class A model as follows.
7 6 For an elevated release, the wind data from the 10-me'.er tower will 3
5 be modified by a power law relationship of the form 0 P 0 U100 = U10 10 s 4 .
O where Ps is the power law constant, which is dependent on stability class.
7 Wind direction will be corrected by incorporating a wind shear factor N
P determined for CNS, which is also stability dependent. The appropriate wind P
0 shears were derived from data reported over the period July 1, 1976 to 3
June 30, 1977 and are contained in Table 3.4.3 of Demonstration of Compliance with 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, Revision 1 and Supplement 2, Januuj 9,1978, for Cooper Nuclear Station.
! [38]
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a Temperature difference will be taken from the existing 10-meter and 47-meter levels oa the ERP tower.
For ground-level releases, the wind data will be used directly from the exirting 10-meter tower, with temperature differences coming from the l 10-meter to 47-meter levels on the ERP tower.
At any time, it will be possible for this routinely collected data f i
to be substituted by more representative data that may become available (e.g., e information indicating an approaching storm or a wind shift line may not yet i
be reflected in the site data). ,
i 6.4 RECEPT 0R t'ETWORK i
The standard array of receptors will be used (polar coordinates).
l 0 6.5 MODEL OUTPUT ;
7 l.
6 ;
3 There will be no change from the standard Gaussian plume model 5 +
- outputs required by the f2C. ,
l O
O 4
6.6 CLASS B MODEL ,
0 ,
7 -
l When the ftRC has finalized its requirements for the Class B ft P model, the methodology for this more accurate calculation procedure will be P l D described. ;
3
- 6.7 00SE CALCULATIO!1 METHODOLOGY l To be completed in consultation with f.' PPD after they have reviewed ,
l i
Section 6.0.
l [39] :
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_ _ - _ ~ - _ _ _ _ _ . . _ . . - . - - -_ _ - _. =_. _ - - - . _ .
I, , ,
l 7.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM The meteorological monitoring system at CNS will be required to i conform to the Quality Assurance (QA) requirements set down in NRC Regulation 10 CFR 50, Appendix B. The monitoring system must be audited by a qualified ,
[
I';
QA organization to evaluate program quality and integrity and to assess the precision and accuracy of the instrumentation. ,
In summary, an operational program review must be carried out twice ,
f
.l I yearly as follows: '
- 1. Review of expertise and level of training of personnel performing the field operations and instrument maintenance;
- 2. Documentation of timely and pertinent traceability of: ,
- a. Calibration instruments to National Bureau of Standards; .
- b. Material standards to National Bureau of Standards; i I
- 3. The existence, pertinence, and use of:
I
- 0 1 7
- a. Written calibration procedures; !
6 3
- b. Fully documented calibration records including graphs, ,
5 tables, copies of traceability certificates, narrative of I calibration activity; O '
O 4. Procedures followed to maintain the integrity of the sensors:
4 History and degree of control;
- a. :
l O
, 7
- b. Design or practices that minimize or eliminate sensor interference '
N p c. Mechanical integrity of the sensors; ;
P D 5. Existence of operator's manuals, procedures, and recorded 3
forms; and I 6. Documentation of location of instrument as a function of time by make, model number, and serial number.
I Audits of the instrument calibration, accuracy, and precision are l
i perfonned on a scheduled basis.
l l [40]
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._ _ ~ ._. _. - . . . . - _ _ _ _ . . _-_ ____..___ __
i 1,
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i 1
APPEtIDIX A VERIFICATION OF SYSTEM ACCURACY t This appendix describes the planned procedures for verification of 1
i system accuracy during calibration activities.- .
1 WIND SPEED 1
The system accuracy check for the wind speed parameter is performed i by verifying that the sensor is functioning correctly and by observing the I recording system's response to simulated sensor signals. The sensor cups are examined for physical damage or geometric change, which would affect accurate i response. The sensor bearing quality is measured with a torque instrument to assure that the threshold is within vendor specifications. The sensor output l 0
- 7 is observed with an oscilloscope for evidence of a clean, square-wave output 6
3 to verify proper functioning of the photo-chopper circuitry. Then system 5
- accuracy and linearity are measured by inserting several precisely known 0
0 frequencies into the signal conditioner sensor input. Input frequencies are 4
- equivalent to 0, 10, 30, 50, and 100 mph. The system is considered to be 0
7 operating properly if analog and digital recorder indications are within l N +0.5 mph for the critical wind speeds 30 mph and below.
4 P
P
, D 3 WIllD DIRECTION The system accuracy check of the wind direction parameter is performed with the sensor installed in its operating position by siting the vane on a precisely surveyed azimuth marker. A total of four check points are
- . _ _ _ . . . . - . _ . _ . _ . , _ - - _ _ _ _ . . . _ . ~ . ~ . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ . _ - _ , . _ . - __~
~
achieved by selectively rotating the sensor clockwise or counter-clockwise prior to taking the reading and by siting bcth the point and tail of the vane toward the marker. This procedure also ensures that at least one measurement is made in the electronically generated range of 360 through 540'. Linearity of the entire sensor range is verified by mounting the sensor in a test fixture that verifies system linear #.ty a ; 30 azimuth intervals over the entire recording range. The system acceptance criterion is recorder indications of ,+5 of target values generated in the above test. In addition, bearing quality is checked with a torque instrument, and degradation of the senscr potentiometer is checked by rotating the sensor shaft and observing a smcoth recorder response.
TEMPERATURE O The systcm accuracy and linearity of the temperature parameter is 7
6 perfor.'ec by measuring system response as the sensor is equilibrated in each 3
5 of three temperature baths over the range of 0 C to 30 C. Bat's temperature is O measured precisely with an NBS-traceable device with a resolution of 0.1 C.
0 4 The system calibration acceptance criterion is recorder indications within 0 +0.5 C of target temperatures.
7 N
P DELTA TEMPERATURE P
D 3 The system accuracy verification of the delta temperature parameter is performed by a technique similar to that for temperature. A zero delta temperature indication is verified by inserting both upper and lower sensors in each of three baths over the range of 0 C to 30*C. At each of these
points, positive and negative delta temperatures are simulated through the i;se of both pairs with a ncminal temperature difference of 3*C to 5*C. Actual bath temperatures are monitored with flBS-traccable thermometers with a resolution of 0.1 C. The system calibration acceptance criterion is recorder indications within +0.15*C of target test values.
DEW P0ItiT System accuracy of the dew point parameter is verified by two methods. Comparisons of recorder indications and Assman psychrometer i observations at the monitoring level serve to document accurate operational performance. Sensor linearity is verified by a series of sensor bath checks (similar to those for temperature) in the range of 0 C to 50*C. Equivalent dew points are calculated from a vendor supplied curve of bobbin temperature 0 versus dew point temperature. The system calibration acceptance criterion is 7
6 recorder indications within +1.5*C of calculated target values.
3 5
0 PRECIPITATI0tl j 0 4
- System accuracy of the precipitation parameter is verifieo by
- O 1
7 pouring a volume of water equivalent to 2 inches of precipicci <;n (in 0.5-inch ti increments) through the sensor at a rate that does not exceed 4 inches per 1 P P hour. The recording system must agree with the equivalent rainfall within l
i 0 l 3 +10 percent.
t
,