ML19338C969
| ML19338C969 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Dresden  |
| Issue date: | 08/23/1976 |
| From: | Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19338C968 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8009101004 | |
| Download: ML19338C969 (53) | |
Text
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O O
O ENCLOSURE 1 APPENDIX A TO BRANCH TECHNICAL POSITION APCSB 9.5-1
" GUIDELINES FOR FIRE PROTECTION FOR NUCLEM POWER PLANTS DOCKETED PRIOR TO JULY 1,1976"
.J52 23, 1970 gp n c.
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SCOPE This Appendix A provides guidance on the preferred and, where applicable, acceptable alternatives to fire protection design for those nuclear power plants for which applications for construction permits were docketed prior to July 1, 1976.
The provisions of this appendix will apply to the following categories of nuclear power plants:
(1) Plants for which applications for construction permits were docketed prior to July 1, 1976, but have not received a construction permit; (2)
Plants for which construction permits were issued prior to July 1, 1976, and operating plants.
This appendix modifies, as deemed appropriate, the guidelines in Branch Technical Position (BTP) APCSb 9.5-1, " Fire Protection for Nuclear Power Plants" which are intended for plants whose application for con-struction permit is docketed after July 1, 1976.
The guidelines of the above cited BTP were adopted for this appendix and are preferred in all instances.
Alternative acceptable fire protection guidelines are identified in this appendix for areas where, depending on the construction or opera-tional status of a given plant, annlic=riaa af the guidelines per se could i
have significant impact, e.g., where the building and system designs are already finalized and construction is in progress, or where the plant is
6 6
in operation. These alternative guidelines are intended to provide adequate and acceptable fire protection consistent with saf e plant j
shutdown requirements without a significant impact on plant design, I
construction, and operation.
l Particular sections that are intended to apply only to plants under l
review, under construction or operating are identified under the 1
appropriate column.
Although this appendix provides specific guidance, alternatives cay be propcsed by applicants and licensees. These alternatives will be evaluated by the NRC staf f on a case-by-case basis where such departures are suitably justified.
Among the alternatives that should be considered is the provision of a " dedicated" system for assuring centinued safe shutdown of the plant. This dedicated system should be completely independent of other plant systems, including the power source; however, for fire protection, it is not necessary for the system to be designed to seismic Category 1 criteria or meet single failure criteria. Manual fire fighting capability to protect the other safety related systems would still be required.
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APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLA;TS UNDER CONSIP.UCTION A5D PERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS
..ft_ ion s positieng Overall Requirements of huclear Plant A.
Overall Requirements of Nuclear a.
Fire Protection Program Plant Fire Protection Program 1.
Perronnel 1.
Personnel Responsiblity for the overall fire SAliE protection program should be assigned to a designated person in the upper level of management. This person should retain ultimate responsibility even though formulation and assurance cf program implerentation is delegated.
Such delegation of authority should be to staff personnel prepared by training and experience in fire pro-tection and nuclear plant safety to provide a balanced approach in dir-ecting the fire protection programs for nuclear power plants. The quali-fication requirements for the fire protection engineer or consultant who will assist in the design and selection of equipment, inspect and test the completed physical aspects of the sys-tem, develop the fire protection pro-gram, and assist in the tire-fighting training for the operating plant should be stated.
Subsequently, the FSAR should discuss the training and the updating provisions such as fire drills prsvided for maintaining the competence of the station fire-fighting and operating crew, including personnel responsible for maintaining and inspecting the fire protection equipment.
The fire protection staff should be responsible for:
(a) coordination of building layout and systems design with fire area l
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2 A??LICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AliD PEFy.IT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS i
requirecents, including con-sideration of potential hazards associated with postulated design basis fires, (b) design and maintenance of fire detection, suppression, and I
extinguishing systems, (c) fire prevention activities, (d) training and manual fire-fighting activities of plant personnel and the fire brigade.
(NOTE: NFPA 6 - Recommendations _for Organization of Industrial Fire Loss Prevention, contains useful guidance for organ-ization and operation of the entire fire loss prevention y
il program.)
2.
Design Bases 2.
Design Bases The overall fire protection program SAME should be based upon evaluation of potential fire hazards throughout the plant and the ef fect of postulated design basis fires relative to main-taining ability to perform safety shutdown functions and minimize radio-active releases to the environment.
3.
Backup 3.
Backup Total reliance should not be placed SAME on a single automatic fire suppression system. Appropriate backup fire suppression capability should be provided.
Single Failure Criter_fon 4.
Single Failure Criterica A single failure in the fire suppression A single failure in the fire system should not impair both the suppression system should not primary and backup fire suppression ircpair both the primary and capability.
For example, redundant backup fire suppression cap-fire water purps with independent ability.
For example, redun-power supplies and controls should d t.n t fire water purps with in-
- e revided.
?:_:ti: lated fires or I
dependent power suppliec and POOR DRIGINAL
g APPLICATION DOCKETED BUI CONSTRUCTION PLA1;TS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND PERMIT NOT PICElVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPEPATING PLANTS fire protection systen failures need controls should be provided.
not be considered concurrent with Postulated fires or fire pro-other plant accidents or the most tection system failures need net severe natural phenomena.
- However, be considered concurrent with in the event of the most severe earth-other plant accidents or the
- quake, i.e., the Safe Shutdown most severe natural phenomena.
Earthquake (SSE), the fire suppression i
system should be capable of delivering l
vater to manual hose stations located within hose reach of areas containing i
equipment required for safe plant shutdown. The fire protection systees should, however, retain their original design capability for (1) nat-ural phenomena of less severity and greater f requency (epproximately once in 10 years) such as tornadoes, hurri-canes, floods, ice stores, or small intensity carthquakes which are f
characteristic of the site geographic I
region and (2) for potential man-l created site related events such as oil barge collisions, aircraft crashes l
vhich have a reasonable probability I
of occurring at a specific plant site.
The effects of lightning The effects of lightning strikes strikes should be included in the should be included in the overall overall plant fire protection program.
plant fire protection program.
5.
Fire Suppression Systets 5.
Fire Suppression Systems Failure or inadvertent operation of SAME the fire suppression system should not incapacitate safety related systems or components.
Fire suppression systems that are pressurized during normal-plant operation should neet the guidelines specified in APCSB Branch Technical Position 3-1, " Protection Against Postulated Piping Failures in Fluid Systems Outside Con t ainment. "
e.
Fuel Storage Areas 6.
Fuel Storage Areas The fire protection pregran (plans, Sebedule for i=plementation of personnel and equipment) for buildings modifications, if any, vill be l
storing new ruc tor fuel and f or adja-established on a case-by-case
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cent fire zones which could affect basis.
the fuel storagt zone should be fully operational before fuel is received at the site.
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Fuel Loading 7.
Fuel Loading The fire protection program for an Schedule for implementation of enti.:e reactor unit should be fully modifications, if any, Vill be operational prior to initial fuel established on a case-by-case loading in that reactor unit.
basis.
8.
Multiple-Reactor Sites 8.
Multiple-Reactor Sites On multiple-reactor sites where SAME there are operating reactors and construction of remaining units is being completed, the fire protection program should provide continuing evaluation and include additional fire barriers, fire protection capability, and administrative controls necessary to protect the operating units from construction fire hazards. The superintendent of the operating plant should Fave the lead responsibility for site fire protection.
9.
Simultaneous Fires 9.
Simultaneous Fires Simultaneous fires in more than one SAME reactor need not be postulated, where separation requirements are met. A fire involving more than one reactor unit need not be postulated except for facilities shared between units.
B.
Administrative Procedures, Controls and B.
Administrative Procedures, a
Fire Brigade Controls, anu Fire Brigade i
Administrative procedures consistent SAFE with the need for maintaining the per-formance of the fire protection system and personnel in nuclear power plants should be provided.
Guidance is contained in the following a
publications:
1 NFPA 4 - Organization for Fire Services W
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i APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANIS uSDER CONSTRUCTION AND
?ER'CT NOT RECE1VED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS
';FPA 4A - Organization for Fire Department NFPA 6 - Industrial Fire Loss Prevention NFPA 7 - Panagement of Fire Emergencies NFPA 8 - Management Responsibility for Effects of Fire on Operations NFPA 27 - Private Fire Brigades 2.
Effective administrative measures 2.
SAME should be implemented to prohibit hulk storage of combustible materials inside or adjacent to safety related buildings or systems during operation or maintenance periods. Regulatory Guide 1.39, " Housekeeping Require-cents for Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants", provides guidance on house-keeping, including the disposal of combustible caterials.
3.
Normal and abnormal canditions or other 3.
SAME anticipated operations such as modi-fications (e.g., breaking fire stops, impairment of fire detection and suppression systems) and refueling activities should be reviewed by appropriate levels of management and appropriate special actions and procedures such as fire watches or temporary fire barriers implemented to assure adequate fire protection anc reactor safety.
In particular:
(a)
Work involving. ignition sources such as welding and flame cutting should be done under closely controlled conditions.
Procedures governing such work should be re-viewed and approved by persons
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ATFLICATION DOCKEIED oUT CONSTRUCTIO:;
PLANTS U.. DER CONSTRUCTION A ;b N
PE?J:IT NOT FICEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS trained and experienced in fire p ro t c ~.t ion.
Persons performing cnd d e:tly assisting in such work should be trained and equipped to prevent and combat fires.
If this is not possible, a person qualified in fire pro-tection should directly monit'or the work and function as a fire watch.
(b) Leak testing, and similar pro-cedures such as air flow deter-mination, should use one of the co=:ercially available aeresol techniques.
Opet. flames or combustica generated smoke should not be pe rmitted.
(c) Use of combustible material, e.g.,
HEPA and charcoal filters, dry ion exchange resins or other combustible supplies, in safety related areas should be con-trolled.
Use of wcod inside buildings containing safety related systems or equipment should be permitted only when suitable non-combustible sub-stitutes are not available.
If wood must be used, only fire retardant treated wood (scaffolding, lay down blocks) should be per-citted.
Such materials should be allowed into safety related areas only when they are to be used i= mediately. Their possible and probable use should be con-sidered in the fire hazard analysis to determine the adequacy of the installed fire protection systems.
4.
Nuclear power plants are frequently 4.
SA!E located in remote areas, at some distance from public fire departments.
Also, first response fire departments are often volunteer.
Public fire department response should be con-
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7 APPLICATION LOOFITED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLA?iTS U:; DER CO:;STRUCTION AND PE?l!!T NOT FICEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS sidered in the overall fire pro-tecticn pregram. However, the plant should be designed to be self-suffi-cient with respect to fire fighting activities and rely on the public response only for supple: ental or backup capability.
5.
The need for good organization, 5.
SAME training and equipping of fire brigades at nuclear power plant sites requires ef fective ceasures be imple-cented to assure proper discharge of these functions. The guidance in Regulatcry Guide 1.101, "Ecergency Flanning for Nuclear Pcwer Plants",
should be followed as applicable.
(a)
Successful fire fighting requires (a)
SAME testing and maintenance of the fire protection equipment, emergency lighting and communi-cation, as well as practice as brigades for the people who cust utilize the equipment.
A test plan that lists the indi-viduals and their responsibilities in connection with routine tests and inspections of the fire detection and protection systems should be developed.
The test plan should contain the types, frequency and detailed procedures for testing. Procedures should also centain instructions on caintaining fire protection during those periods when the fire protection systen is impaired or during periods of plant mainten-
- ance, e.g.,
fire watches or tem-pcrary hose connections to water systens.
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PERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS l
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(b) Basic training is a necessary (b) SAME element :in ef fective fire fighting i
operation.
In order for a fire j
' brigade to operate effectively, j
it must operate as a team.
All members must know what
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j their individual duties are.
They must be f amiliar with the layout of the plant and equipment 4
location and operation in order to permit effective fire-fighting operations during times when a particular area is filled with smoke or is insuf ficiently lighted.
Such training can only l
be accomplished by conducting drills several times a year (at j
least quartirly) so that all r
i members of the fire brigade have I
had the opportunity to train as a team, testing itself in the major areas of the plant. The i
drills should include the simulated use of equipment in each area 4
and should be preplanned and post-critiqued to establish the training objective of the drills and determine how well these objectives have been met.
These drills should periodically (at least annually) include local fire department participation where possible.
Such drills also permit supervising personnel to evaluate the effectiveness of communications within the fire brigade and _with the on scene i
fire team leader, the. reactor operator in the control room, and the offsite command post.
3.
To have proper coverage during all 3.
SAME phases of operation, members _of each shift crew should be trained in fire protection.
Training' of the plant fire brigade should be coordinated with the 1
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APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT COSSTRUCTION PLA!;TS UNDEF. CONSTRUCTION AND PERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATI"G PLANTS local fire department so that respon-sibilities and duties are delineated in advance. This coordination should be part of the training course and implemented into the training of the local fire department staff.
Local fire depart:ents should be educated in the operational pre-cautions when fighting fires on nuclear power plant sites.
Local fire departments should be tade aware of the need for radioactive protection of personnel and the special hazards associated with a nuclear power plant site.
4.
NFPA 27, " Private Fire Erigade" should 4.
SAME be followed in organization, training,
and fire drills.
This standard also is applicable for the inspection and maintenance of fire fighting equip-cent.
Among the standards referenced in this document, the following should be utilized:
" Standard for Screw Threads and Gaskets for Fire Hose Couplings",
NFPA 196, " Standard for Fire Hose,"
NFPS 197, " Training Standard on Initial Fire Attacks", NFPA 601,
" Recommended Manual of Instructions and Duties for the Plant Watchman on Guard."
NFPA booklets and pamphlets listed on page 27-11 of Volume 8, 1971-72 are also applicable for good training references.
In addition, course's in fire prevention and fire suppression which are recognized and/or sponsored by the fire protection industry should be utilized.
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APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT C0:iSIRUCT105 PLASIS U:: DER CO:iSTRUCTION A!;D l
PEF.MIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS I
C.
Quality Assurance Program C.
Qualit:. Assurance Program j
yuality assurance (QA) programs of appli-SAME cants and contractors should be developed I
cad implemented to assure that the requirements for design, procurement, in-stallation, and testing and administrative centrols for the fire protection program fer safety related areas as defined in this Branch Position are satisfied.
The program should be under the management centrol of the QA organization.
The QA program criteria that apply to the fire protection program should include the following:
1.
Design Control and Procurement Document Cont _rol Measures should be established to assure that all design-related guidelines of the Branch Technical Position are in-cluded in design and procurement documents and that deviations therefrom are controlled.
2.
Instructions, Procedures and Drawings Inspections, tests, administrative controls, fire drills and training that govern the fire protection program should be prescribed by doc-umented instructions, procedures or drawings and should be accomplished in accordance with these documents.
Control of Purchased Material, Equipment and Services
':easures should be established to assre that purchased material, equip-cent and services conform to the procurement documents.
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APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLASIS UNDER CO:;STRUCTION AND PEFJiIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS 4
Inspection A progran for independent inspection of activities af fecting fire protec-tion should be established and executed by, or for, the organization per-forcing the activity to verify con-formance with documented installation drawings and test procedures for accomplishing the activities.
5.
Test and Test Control A test program should be established and itplenented to assure that testing is perferred and verified by in-spection and audit to demonstrate con-formance with design and system readi-ness requirements.
The tests should be perforced in accordance with written test procedures; test results should be properly evaluated and acted on.
6.
Inspection, Test and C
.ating Status Measures should be established to pro-vide for the identification of items that have satisfactorily passed required tests and inspections.
7.
Non-Conformine Items Measures should be established to control items that do not conform to specified requirements to prevent inadvertent use of installation.
S.
Corrective Action Measures shculd be established to assure that conditions adverse to fire protec-tion, such as failures, malfunctions, deficiencies, deviations, defective components, uncontrolled combustible material and non-conformances are promptly identified, reported and corrected.
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9.
Records hecords should be prepared and maintainec to furnish evidence that the criteria enumerated above are being met for activities affecting the fire pro-tection program.
10.
Audits Audits should be conducted and doc-umented to verify compliance with the fire protection program in-cluding design and procurement documents; instructions; procedures and drawings; and inspaction and test activities.
D.
General Guidelines for Plant Protectica D.
General Guidelines for Plant frotection 1.
Building Design 1.
Building Design (a)
Plant Layouts should be arranged to:
(1)
Isolate safety related (1)
SAME systems from unacceptable fire hazards, and (2)
Separate redundant safety (2) Alternatives:
related systems from each (a) Redundant sa f e t :.
cther so that both are not related systems that subject to damage from a are subject to dar.:it s..ngle fire hazard.
from a single fire hazard should be protected by a cer-hination of firc retardant cont 2n.
and fire detectn and suppressien systens, or (b) separate systen t.
perform the safety function should be provided.
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1 (b)
In order to accomplish 1.(a)
(b) SM1E - Additional above, safety related systems and fire hazards analysis fire hazards should be identi-should be done after I
fied throughout the plant.
There-any plant nodification.
i fore, a detailed firu hazard analy-sis should be made. The fire 4
hazards analysis should be reviewed i
and updated as necessary.
1 (c) For multiple reactor sites, cable (c) Alternative guidance spreading rooms should not be for constructed plants shared between reactors.
Each is shown in Section E.3, cable spreading room should be
" Cable Spreading Room."
separated from other areas of the plant by barriers (walls and floors) having a minimum 4
fire resistance of three hours.
Cabling for redundant safety divi-l sions should be separated by walls having three hour fire
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barriers.
i (d)
Interior wall and structural com-(d)
SAME ponents, thermal insulation. mat-i erials and radiation shielding materials and sound-proofing should be non-combustible.
In-terior finishes should be non-1 combustible or listed by a l
nationally recognized testing j
laboratory, such as Factory Mutual or Underwriters' Lab-oratory, Inc. for flame spread, smoke and fuel contribution of 25 or less in its use configura-tion (ASTM E-84 Test), " Surface a
Surning' Characteristics of Building Materials").
f (e)
Metal deck roof construction (e)
SAME. Where combustible should be non-combustible material is used in metal l
(see the building materials deck roofing design, directory of the Underwriters acceptable alternatives are (i) replace com-
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Laboratory, Inc.) or listed as i
Class I by Factor Mutual System bustibles with non-
-Approval Guide.
combustible materials, (ii) provide an auto-i matic sprinkler system, t
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or (iii) provide ability to cover roof exterior and interibr with adequate.
I water vei:.c,and
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I pressure.
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PERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS 4
l (f)
Suspended ceilings and their-(f)
SAME. Adequate fire supports should be of non-detection and suppression i
combustible construction.
syste=s should be pro-l' Concealed spaces should be devoid vided where full imple-of combustibles.
mentation is not practicable.
(g) High voltage - high amperage (g)
SAME. Safety related 4
i transformers installed inside systems that are exposed
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buildings containing safety to flammable oil filled related systems should be of the transformers should be j
dry type or insulated and cooled protected from the with'non-combustible liquid, effects of a fire by:
(i) replacing with dry transformers or transformers that are insulated and cooled with a
non-combustible
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liquid; or (ii) enclosing the
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transformer with a i
three-hour fire 4
barrier and in-
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stalling automatic water spray protection.
(h)
Buildings containing safety (h)
Buildings containing related systems should be pro-safety related systems, i
tected from exposure or spill having openings in ex-fires involving oil filled terior valls closer than transformers by:
50 feet to flammable-i oil filled transformers
- locating such transformers at least should be protected frcm 50 feet distant; or the effects of a fire by:
4
- ensuring that such building walls (1) closing of the within 50 feet of oil filled opening to have l
transformers are without openings fire resistance and have a fire resistance rating equal to three l
of at least three hours.
- hours, (ii) constructing a i
three-hour fire I
barrier between the transforners and the wall f
openings; or I
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APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT C05SIRUCT10N
?IJCG S UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND l
PER::IT NOT RECElVED AS OF 7/1/ 76 OPERATISO PLANTS (iii) closing the opening and rro-viding tne cap-ability to
.ain-tain a water cur-tain in case of a fire.
I (1)
Floor d rains, sized to remove (1)
SAME.
In operating I
expected fire fighting water plants or plants under flow should be provided in those construction, if areas where fixed water fire supp-accumulation of water ression systems are installed.
from the operation Drains should also be provided in of new fire suppression other areas where hand hose lines systers does not create may be used if such fire fighting unacceptable consequences, water could cause unacceptable drains need not be in-damage to equipment in the area.
stalled.
Equipment should be installed on pedestals, or curbs should be provided as required to contain l
water and direct it to floor drains.
(See NFPA 92M, '%'a te r-proofing and Draining of Floors.")
Drains in areas containing com-bustible liquids should have pro-visions for preventing the spread of the fire throughout the drain system. Water drainage from areas which may contain radioactivity should be sampled and analyzed before discharge to the environ-ment.
(j )
Floors, walls and ceilings enclosing (j )
SAME. The fire hazard separate fire areas should have in each area should be minimum fire rating of three hours.
evaluated to determine Penetrations in these fire barr-barrier requirements.
iers, including conduits and If barrier fire resis-piping, should be sealed or closed tance cannot be made to provide a fire resistance adequate, fire detection rating at least equal to that of and suppression should be the fire barrier itself. Door provided, such as:
openings should be protected with equivalent rated doors, frames and (1) water curtain hardware that have been tested in case of fire, and approved by a nationally recognized laboraterv.
Such doors (ii) f;2mc retardant
- ccatings, (iii) a;;itic.. : fire
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16 FFLICATION DOCF2TE2. BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS SDER CONSTEUCTION AND w
IE.U;IT SCT FICE1VED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING Pl>JiTS
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should be normally closed and locket er alarmed with alar = and annun-c i a t iC r.
in the Control room.
Eenetrations for ventilation system should be protected by a standard " fire door damper" vncre required.
(Refer to SFFA 60, " Fire Doors and Windows.")
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Concrel of Combustibles 2.
Control of Combustible (a)
Ealety related systems should be (a)
SAME isolated or separated from com-bus tible materials. When this is
- .c t possible because of the nature of the safety syste: or the com-bustible material, special pro-tection should be provided to prevent a fire from defeating the safety system function.
Such protection may involve a combination of automatic fire suppression, and construction capable of withstanding and con-taining a firc that consumes all combustibles present.
Examples of such combustible caterials that may not be separable from the remainder of its system are:
(1)
Emergency diesci generator fuel oil day tanks (2)
Turbine genrator oil and hydraulic control fluid t
systems (3)
Reactor coolant pump lube oil syster 0;
gas storage (either compressed (b)
SA:'E cr cryogenic), should not be permitted inside structures housing safety-related equipment.
Storage of flammable gas such as hyd ro gen, should be located outdoors or in separate detached buildings s: trat a fire er explosien will et adversel:. af f ect any safety ru_ tc. eestems er equipment.
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APPLICATION DOCFITED BUT CONSTRUCIl0N PLANTS U'? DER CONSTRUCTION AND PERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS (Refer to NFPA SOA, " Gaseous Hydrogen Systems.")
Care should be taken to locate high pressure gas storage ccn-tainers with the long axis parallel to buildir.g valls.
This will tinitize the possibility of wall penetration in the event of a container failure.
Use of compressed gases (es-pecially flammable and fuel gases) inside buildings should be contrelled.
(Refer to NFPA 6, "Induscrial Fire Loss Pre-venticn.")
(c)
The use of plastic caterials (c)
SAME should be minimized.
In parti-cular, haloginated plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and neoprene should be cred only when substitute non-combustible materials are not available.
All plastic materials, including flame and fire retardant caterials, will burn with an intensity and BTU production in a range similar to that of ordinary hydrocarbons.
When burning, they produce heavy smoke that obscures visi-bility and can plug air filters, especially charcoal and HEPA.
The haloginated plastics also re-lease free chlorine and hydrcgen chloride when burning which are toxic to humans and corrosive to equipment.
(d)
Storage of flat =able liquids should, (d)
SAME as a mininum, comply with the requirements of NFPA 30, " Flammable and CoChustible Li uids Code."
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k APPLICisTION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS UNDER CONSIRUCTION AND PERMIT NOT PICEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 _.
OPERATING PLANTS 3.
Electric Cable Construction. Cable 3.
Electric Cable Construction, Trays and Cable Tenetrations Cable Trays and Cable Penetrations (a)
Only non-combustible materialc (a)
SAME should be used for cable tray construction.
(b)
See Section E.3 for fire pro-(b)
SAME tection guidelines for cable spreading rooms.
(c) Automatic vster sprinkler systems (c)
SAME.
When safety should be provided for cable related cables do not trays outside the cable spreading satisfy the provisions room.
Cables should be designed of Regulatory Guide 1.75, te allow wetting down with all exposed cables should deluge water without electrical be covered with an faulting. Manual hose stations approved fire retardant and portable hand extinguishers coating and a fixed should be provided as backup, automatic water fire Safety related equipment in the suppression system vicinity of such cable trays, should be provided.
that does not itself require water fire protection, but is subject to unacceptable damage from sprinkler water discharge, should be protected from sprinkler system operation of malfunction.
(d)
Cable and cable tray penetration of (d)
SAME. Where installed fire barriers (vertical and hori-penetration seals are zontal) should be sealed to give deficient with respect protection at least equivalent to to fire resistance, these that fire barr'.er.
The design seals may be protected of fire barriers for horizontal by covering both sides and vertical cable trays should, with an approved fire as a minimum, meet the require-retardant material.
ments of AS~A E-119, " Fire Test The adequacy of using of Building Construction and such material shculd bc bterials," including the base de=onstrated by suitable stream test.
testing.
(e)
Fire breaks should be provided as (e)
SAME deemed necessary by the fire hazards analysis.
Flame or flame retardant coatings may be used as a fire break for grouped elec-trical cables to limit spread of fire in cable ve. tings.
(Possible cable derating owing to use of such
/
19 g
0 AP?.ICATION DOCTITED BUT CONSIF.UCTION PLASIS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND IT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPEPATING PUsNTS P EFJ:
coating materials must be con-sidered during design.)
(f)
Electric cable constructions (f)
SAME.
For cable in-should as a minimum pass the sta11ation in operating current lEEE No. 383 flame test.
plants and plants under (This does not imply that ca'bles construction that do not passing this test vill not require meet the IEEE No. 383 additional fire protection.)
flame test requirements, all cables must be covered with an approved flame retardant coating and properly derated.
(g)
To the extent practical, cable
- g) Applicable to new construction that does not give off cable installations.
corrosive gases while burning should be used.
(h)
Cable trays, raceways, conduit, (h)
SAME.
Installed equip-trenches, or culverts should be ment in cable tunnels used only for cables. Mis-or culverts, need not be cellaneous storage should not be removed if they present permitted, nor should piping for no hazard to the cable flammable or combustible liquids runs as determined by or gases be installed in these the fire hazards areas.
analysis.
(i)
The design of cable tunnels, cul-(1) SAME verts and spreading rooms should provide for automatic er manual smoke venting as required to facilitate manual fire fighting capability.
(j )
Cables in the control room should (j )
SAME.
Existing cabling be kept to the minimum necessary installed in concealed for operation of the control room.
floor and ceiling spaces All cables entering the control should be protected with room should terminate there.
an automatic total Cables should not be installed in flooding halon system.
floor trencLes or culverts in the 4
control room.
l ti I
8
2 4
0 APPLICATION DOCFITED LUT CO:;STRUCT10N FlJsNIS U:iDER CONSTRUCTIO:4 A ;D PET"IT NOT RECEIVED A3 0F 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS a.
Ventilation 4
yer:11ation (a)
The products of ccabustion that (a)
SA"E.
The products of need to be removed from a specific combustion which need to fire area should be evaluated to be removed from a determine how the:. will be contro-specific fire area should lled.
Smoke and corrosive gases be evaluated to deter-should generally be autcmatically mine how they will be discnarged directly outside to a controlled.
safe location.
Smoke and gases containing radioactive materials should be monitored in the fire area to determine if release to the environment is within the permissible. limits of the pinnt Technical Specifications.
(b)
Any ventilatio'n system designed to (b)
SAME exhaust smoke or corrosive gases should be evaluated to ensure that inadvertent operation or single failures wilt not violate the con-trolled areas.of the plant design.
This requirement includes cen-tainment functions for protection of the public and maintaining habitability for operations personnel.
(c)
The power supply and controls (c)
SAME for mechanical venti'ition systems should be run outside the fire area served by the system.
(d)
Fire suppression systems should (d)
SAME be installed t'o protect charcoal filters in accordance vieth Reg-ulatory Guide 1.52, " Design
!csting and Maintenance Criteria for Atmospheric Cleanup Air Filtration."
(e)
The fresh air supply intakes to (e)
SA"E areas containing safety related equipment or systems should be located remote from the exhaust air outlets and smoke vents of other fire areas to minimize the possibility of contaminating ths.atake air with the products
~ cerb ;tior.
1 l
21 s
APPLICATION 50CKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS UNDER COSSIRUCTION ASD PEPJfIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLiSTS (f)
Stairwells should be designed to (f)
Sn i.lhe r e s tai r. e lls minitize stoke infiltration or els"ators cannot be during a fire.
Staircases enclosed in three-neur should serve as escape routes fire rated barrier with and access routes for fire equivalent fire doors, fighting.
Fire exit routes should escape and access routes be clearly marked.
Stairv, ells, chould be established elevators and chutes should be by pre-fire plan and enclosed in casonry towers with practiced in drills by minimum fire rating of three operating and fire hours and automatic fire doors at brigade persennel.
Icast equal to the enclosure construction, at each opening into the building Elevators should not be used during fire emergencies.
(g)
Smoke and heat vents may be useful 4 (g)
SAMI in specific areas such as cable spreading roo=s and diesel fuel oil storage areas and switch-gear rooms. 'Jhen natural-convec-tion ventilation is used, a minimum ratio of 1 sq. foot of venting area per 200 sq. feet of floor area should be provided.
if forced-convection ventilation is used, 300 CFM should be provided
~
for every 200 sq. feet of floor area.
See NFPA No. 204 for additional guidance on smoke con-trol.
(h)
Self-contained breathing appara-(h)
SA"I tus, using full face positive pressure masks, approved by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupa-tional Safety and Health - approval formerly given by the U. S.
Bureau of Pdnes) should be provided for fire brigade, damage control and control room personnel.
Con-trol room personnel may be fur-nished breathing air by a manifold
k liPPLICATICS DOOFITED EUI CONSTRUCTION PLAliTS UNDER CONSTUUCTION AND PERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS system piped from a storage re-servoir if practical.
Service or operating life should be a t..inimum of one half have for the self-contained units.
At least two extra air bottles should be located onsite for each self-contained breathing unit.
In addition, an onsite 6-hour supply of reserve air should be provided and arranged to permit quick and complete replenishment of exhausted supply air bottles as they are returned.
If com-pressors are used as a source of breathing air, only units approved for breathing air should be used.
Special care must be taken to locate the compressor in areas free of dust and contam-inants.
(1) Where total flooding gas extin-(i)
SAME guishing systems are used, area intake and exhaust ventilation dampers should close upon ini-tiation of gas flow to maintain necessary gas concentration.
(See NFPA 12, "Carbone Dioxide Systems", and 12A, "Halon 1301 Systems.")
5.
Lighting and Communication 5.
Lighting and Communication Lighting and two way vcice communi-SAME cation are vital to safe shutdown and emergency respcnse in the event of fire.
Suitable fixed and portable emergency lighting and communication devices should be provided to sa;isfy the following requirements:
(a)
Fixed emergency lighting should consist of sealed beam units with individual 8-hour minimum battery power supplies.
3 A
W Wy.
23 p
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PLANTS U:; DER CONSTRUCI10S ASD
[{
~
APPLICl.TIO:; DOCFITED EUT COSSTRUCT105 OPERATING PLANTS p
PERMIT fit RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 w.I (b)
Suitable scaled beam battery
~~
powered portable hand lights should be provided for emergcncy
- '?,
use.
i.
l; (c)
Fixed energency co=munication should use voice powered head g [
sets at pre-selected stations.
(44 1 mrt (d)
Fixed repeaters installed to per-gg:
gr; tit use of portable radio communi-cation units shouls be protected g
f rom exposure fire datage.
(f s
C.
Fir _e Detection and Suppression C.
Fire Detecticn and Suppression 1.
Fire Detection h
1.
Fire Detection w
(a)
Fire detection systems should as SAME.
Deviations from the k
a minitum comply with NFPA 72D, requircaents of NFPA 72D chould (9
" Standard for the Installation, be identified and justified.
g t
Paintenance and Use of Proprietary Cr Protective Signaling Systems."
a
,y p
(b)
Fire detection syste-. should give m
audible and visual alarm and
[
annunciation in the control room.
E Local audible alarms should also
?
sound at the location of the fire.
(c)
Fire alares should be distinctive p
and anique.
They should not be
- h capable of being confused with any other plant system alarms.
g (d) Fire detection and actuation systems snould be connected to the plant e=crgency power supply.
2.
Fire Protection Kater Supply 2.
Fire protection Water Supply Systens Systems (a) An underground yard fire main loop (a)
SAME. Visible location carking signs for under-should be installed to furnish anticipated fire water require-ground valves is accep-table.
Alte rnative ments.
NFPA 24 - Standard for valve position indicators Outside Prctection - gives nec-shculd clso be provided.
essary guidance for such installa-tien.
It references other design
. umW
24 g
g APlbCAT10!i DO:F.IIED EUT CO:;STRUCTIO:i PLAl;IS U:; DER CO:iSIKUCTIO:; A';D PEFli!T NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATI!;G PLA:;TS codes and standards developed by st.c;. crganizations as the American :;ational Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA).
Lined ste el or cast iron pipc should be used to reduce inter-nc *"berculation.
Such tuber-4eposits in an unlined a period of years can atly reduce water flow the combination of increa-
.iction and reduced pipe
..ae t e r.
Means for treating and flushing the systems should be provided. Approved visually indicating sectional control valves, such as Post Indicator Valves, should be provided to isolate portions of the main for maintenance or repair without shutting off the entire system.
The fire main system piping should For operating plants, be separate from service or fire main system piping sanitary water system piping.
that can be isolated from service or sanitary water system piping is acceptable.
(b) A common yard fire main loop may (b)
SAME.
Sectionalized serve multi-unit nuclear power systems are acceptable.
plant sites, if cross-connected
'ctween units.
Sectional con-o trol valves should permit maintain-ing independence of the indivi-dual loop around each unit.
For such installations, common water supplies may also be utilized.
The water supply should be sized for the largest single expected flow.
For multiple reactor sites with widely separ-ated plants (approaching 1 mile or more), separate yard fire main loops should be used.
~S 0
C
~
~
APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCIION PLANTS U:; DER CONSTRUCTlUS IJD l'ERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATISC PLANTS (c)
If pumps are required to meet (c)
SAME system pressure or flow require-ments, a sufficient number of pumps should be provided so that 100% capacity will be available with one pump inactive (e.g.,
three 50% pumps or two 100%
pumps).
The connection to the yard fire main loop f rom each fire pump should be videly separated, preferably located on opposite sides of the plant.
Each pump should have it, own driver with independent power supplies and control.
At least one pump (if not powered from the emergency diesels) should be driven by non-electri-cal means, preferably diesel engine.
Pumps and drivers should be located in rooms separated f rom the remaining pumps and equipment by a minimum three-hour fire wall. Alarms in-dicating pump running, driver availability, or failure to start should be provided in the control room.
Details of the fire pump in-stallation should as a minimum conform to NFPA 20, " Standard for the Installation of Centri-fugal Fire Pumps."
(d) Two separate reliable water (d)
SAME supplies should be provided.
if tanks are used, two 100% (min-imum of 300,000 gallons each) system capacity tanks should be installed.
They should be so interconnected that pumps can take suction f rom either or brth.
However, a leak in one tank or its piping should not cause both i
26 g
g
/JPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION A'iD PEFRIT NOT PICEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS tanks to drain.
The main plant fire water supply capacity should be capable of refilling either tank in a minimum of eight hours.
Common tanks are permitted for fire and sanitary or service water storage. When this is donc, how-ever, minimum fire water storage requirements should be dedi-cated by means of a vertical standpipe for other water services.
(e)
The tire water supply (total (e)
SAMI capacity and flow rate) should be calculated on the basis of the largest expected flow rate for a period of two hours, but not less than 300,000 gallons.
This flow rate should be based (con-servatively) on 1,000 gpm for tanual hose streams plus the greater of:
(1) all sprinkler heads opened and flowing in the largest designed fire area; or (2) the largest open head deluge system (s) operating.
(f)
Lakes 6r fresh water ponds of (f)
SAMI sufficient size may qualify as sole source of water for fire protection, but require at least two intakes to the pump supply.
When a common water supply is permitted for fire protection and the ultimate heat sink, the following conditions should also be satisfied:
27 9
O APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS UNDEE CONSTRUCTICS AND PERMIT NOT RECEIVFD AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS (1)
The additional fire pro-tection water requirements are designed intc the total storage capacity; and (2)
Failure of the fire pro-tection system should not degrade the function of the ultimate heat sink.
(g) Outside manual hose installation (g)
SAME should be sufficient to reach any location with an effective hose stream. To accomplish this hydrants should be in-stalled approximately every 250 feet on the yard main system.
~ihe lateral to each hydrant from the yard main should be controlled by a visually indicating or key operated (curb) valve. A hose house, equipped with hose and combination nozzle, and other auxiliary equipment recommended in NFPA 24, "Outside Protection",
should be provided as needed but at least every 1,000 feet.
Threads compatible with those used by local fire departments should be provided on all hydrants, hose couplings and standpipe risers.
3.
Water Sprinklers and Hose Standpipe 3.
Water Sprinklers and Hose Systems Standpipe Systems (a)
Each automatic sprinkler syster (a)
SAME and manual hose station standpipe should have an independent con-nection to the plant under-ground water main. Headers fed from each end are permitted inside buildings to scuply multiple sprinkler and :tand-pipe systems. When prosided, such headers are considered an extension of the yard main system.
The header arrangement should be such that no single failure can impair both th;
28 C
C APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANIS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND PERDIT NOT RECEI"ED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLM;TS primary and backup fire protection systems.
Each sprinkler and standpipe system should be equipped with OS6Y (outside screw and yoke) gate valve, or other approved shut off valve, and water flow alarm. Safety related equip-ment that does not itself re-quire sprinkler water fire pro-tection, but is subject to un-acceptable damage if wetted by sprinkler water discharge should be protected by water shields or baffles.
(b) All valves in the fire water (b)
SAME.
When electrical systems should be electrically supervision of fire supervised. The electrical protection valves is supervisien signal should in-not practicable, an dicate in the control room and adequate management super-other appropriate command locations vision program should be in the plant (See NFPA 26, provided.
Such a prograr
" Supervision of Valves.")
should include locking valves open with strict key control; tamper proof seals; and periodic, visual check of all valves.
(c) Automatic sprinkler systems (c)
SAME should as a minimum conform to requirements of appropriate standards such as NFPA 13,
" Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems", and NFPA 15, " Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems."
(d)
Interior manual hose installation (d)
Interior manual hose should be able to reach any lo-installation should be cation with at least one effec-able to reach any lo-tive hose stream.
To accomplish cation with at least one this, standpipes with hose effective hose steam. To connections, equipped with a accomplish this, stand-maximum of 7S feet of 1-h-inch pipes with hose connections i
J
{J 29, e
0
~
/tPPLICATION DOCKETED EUT CONSTRUCTIOS PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION /diD PEFlilT SOT IGCEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS woven jacket-lined fire hose and j
suitable no::les should be equipped with a maxir.ur of 75 feet of 1-b inch provided in all buildings, wocen jacket lined fire including containment, on all floors and should be spaced hose and suitable no::les at not more than 100-foot should be provided in intervals.
Individual stand-all buildings, includir.;
containment, on all pipes should be of at least floors and should be 4-inch diameter for nultiple hose ccnnections and 2-5-inch spaced at not more than 100-fcot intervals.
diameter for single hose con-nections.
These systems should Individual standpipes follow the requirements of NFPA should be of at least 4-inch diameter for 14, " Standpipe and Hose Systems" for sizing, spacing and pipe multiple hose connections support requirements.
and 2-i-inch diameter for single hose connections.
These systems should follcw the requirements of SFPA No. 14 for sizing, spacing and pipe support requirements (NELPIA).
Hose staticas should be located outside entrances to normally Hose stations shoulo be unoccupied areas and inside located outside entrances to normally unoccupied normally occupied areas.
Stand-pipes serving hose stations in areas and inside normally occupied areas.
Stand-areas housing safety related equip-ment should have shut off valves pipes serving hos'e and pressure reducing devices stations in areas housing (if applicable) outside the area.
safety related equipment should have shut off valves and pressure reducing devices (if applicable) outside the area.
Provisions should be made to supply water at least to standpipes.
and hose connections for manual fire fighting in areas within hose reach of equipment required for safe plant shutdown in the event of a Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE).
The standpipe system serving such hose stations should be analy:ed for SSE loading and should be provided with supports to assure system pressure in-tegritv.
The piping and valves
h k
30 k_
k
{
APPLICATION DOCFITED BUT CONSTRUCTION Pl>J;TS UNDER CONSTRLCIION AND PERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATISC PLANTS for the portion of hose standpipe system affected by this functional requirement should at least sat-isfy ANSI Standard E31.1, " Power Piping." The water supply for this condition may be obtained by manual operator actuation of valve (s) in a connection to the hose standpipe header from a normaf Seismic Category I water system such as Essential Service Water System.
The cross connection should be (a) capable of providing flow to at least two hose stations (approximately 75 gpn/
hose station), and (b) designed l
to the same standards as the seis-mic Category I water system; it should not degrade the performance of the Seismic Category I water system.
(e)
The proper type of hose no::les to (e)
SAME be supplied to each area should be based on the fire hazard analysis.
The usual combin-ation spray / straight-stream no::le may cause unacceptable mechanical damage (for example, the delicate electronic equip-ment in the control room) and be unsuitabic.
Electrically safe no::les should be provided at locations where electrical equip-ment or cabling is located.
l (f)
Certain fires such as those (f)
S A.' E involving flammable liquids respond well to foar suppression.
Consideration should be given to use of any of the available foams for such speciali:ec pro-tection application. These include the more common chemical and mechanical low expansion foams, high expansion foam and the relatively new aqueous filr forming foam (AFFF).
v 9
3 0
APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTEUCTION Pl. ANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND PER"IT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PUdiTS 4.
Halon Suppr?ssien Systems 4.
Halon Suppression. Systems The use of Halon fire extinguishing SAME agents should as a minitur comply with the requirements of NFPA 12A and 12B, "Halogenated Fire Extinguishins Agent Systems - Halon 13C1 and Halon 1211." Only UL or FM approved agents should be used.
In addition to the guidelines of NFPA 12A and 12B, preventative maintenance and testing of the systems, including check weighing of the Halon cylinders should be done at least quErterly.
Particular consideration should also be given to:
(a) minimum required Halon con-centration and soak time (b) toxicity of Halon (c) toxicity and corrosive characteristics of thermal decomposition products of Halon.
5.
Carbon Dioxide Suppression Systems 5.
Carbon Dioxide Suppression Systems The use of carbon dioxide extin-SAME guishing systems should as a minimum comply with the requirements of NFPA 12, " Carbon Dioxide Extin-guishing Systems."
Particular consideratica should also be given to:
(a) min.imum required CO, cencentration
~
and soak time; (b) toxicity of CO 3 2
(c) possibility of secondary thermal shock (cooling) damage; (d) offsetting requirements for venting during CO, injection to prevent overpressGrizatica versus scaling to prevent less of agent; 1
1 32 4'
g APPLICATION DOCF.ETED EUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND PEF"IT NOT RECEI' LED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PUJ;TS (c) design requirements from over-pressurization; and
( f) possi'rility and probability of CO, systems being out-of-servi 3e.because of personnel safety consideration.
CO, sys-tems are disarmed whenevet people are present in an area so pro-tected. Areas entered frequently (even though duration time for any visit is short) have often been found with CO systems shut 2
off.
5.
Portable Extinguishers 6.
Portable Extinguishers Fire extinguishers should be pro-SAME vided in accordance with guide-lines of NFPA 10 and 10A, " Portable Fire Extinguishers, Maintenance and Use."
Dry chemical extinguishers should be installed with due con-sideration given to cicanup problems after use and possible adverse effects on equipment installed in the area.
D.
Guidelines for Specific Plant Areas D.
Guidelines for Specific Plant A r t..
1.
Primary and Secondary Containment 1.
Primary and Secondary Containment (a) Nornal Operation (a) SA31E except as noted.
Fire protection requirements for the primary and secondary con-tainment areas should be pro-vided en the basis of specific identified hazards.
For example:
- Lubricating cil or hydraulic fluid system' for the primary coolant pumps
- Cable tray arrangements and cable penetrations
- Charecal filters POOR ORIGINAL
33
{
v v
APPLICATIO:i DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLA!;TS UNDEF CO:;STRUCTIO!j /d;D OPERATI:;G PL!d;TS PER"IT !;0T RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 Because of the general in-Fire suppression systers accessability of these areas should be provided basr_ on during normal plant operations, the fire hazards analysis.
protection should be provided by automatic fixed systems.
Fixed fire suppression cap-Automatic sprinklers should be ability should be provided installed for those hazards for hazards that could identified as requiring fixed jeopardize safe plant shut-suppression.
down.
Automatic sprinklers are preferred.
An acceptable alternate is automatic gas (Halon or CO ) f r hazards 2
identified as requiring fixed suppression pro-tection.
Operation of the fire protection An enclosure may be required systems should not compromise te confine the agent if a integrity of the containment gas system is used.
Such or the other safety related enclosures should not adversel systems.
Fire protection affect afe shutdown, or other activities in the containment operating equipment in con-areas should function in con-tainment.
junction with total containment requirements such as control of j
contaminated liquid and gaseous
}
release and ventilatien.
l Fire detection systems should Automatic fire suppression alarm and annunciate in the con-capability need'not be trol room.
The type of detection provided in the primary con-used and the location cf the tainment atmospheres that detectors should be most suitable are inerted during normal to the particular type of fire operation. However, special that could be expected from fire protection requirenents the identified hazard. A primary during refueling and main-containment general area fire tenance operations should be detection capability should satisfied as provided below be provided as backup for the above described hazard detection.
/
To accomplish this, suitable
.acke detection (e.g., visual obscuration, light scattering and particle counting) should be installed in the air recirculation systen ahead of any filters.
_ r_.
. -- _.g g7,e. y
34-g APPLICATION DOCT.ETED BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND PERMIT NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS Automatic fire suppression cap-ability need not be provided in I
the primary containment atmos-pheres that are inerted during normal operation. However, special fire protection require-ments during refueling and main-tenance operations should be satisifed as provided below.
(b)
Refueling and Maintenance (b)
Refueling and Maintenance Refueling and maintenance opera-SAME tions in containment may intro-duce additional hazards such as contamination control materials, decontamination supplies, wood planking, temporary wiring, welding and flame cutting (with portable compressed fuel gas supply).
Possible fires would not necessarily be in the 4
vicinity of fixed detection and suppression systems.
Fbnagement procedures and controls necessary to assure adequate fire protection are discussed in Section 3a.
In addition, manual fire fighting Equivalent protection capability should be permanently fro = portable systems installed in containment. Stand-should be provided if it pipes with hose stations, and is impractical to in-portable fire extinguishers, stall standpipes with should be installed at strategic hose stations.
locations throughout containment for any required manual fire fighting operations.
l Adequate self-contained breathing apparatus should be provided i
near the containment entrances for fire fighting and' damage control personnel. These units should be independent of any breathing apparatus or air supply systems provided for general plant activities.
.,._.m.,
v 35 n
o O
Pl. ANTS U:Th CONS 1RUCT10N A W APPLICATION DOCKETED BUT CONSTRUCTION OPCl;ATING fl CTS PE1311. !;0T RECEIVED AS OF 7 /1/76 2.
Control Room 2.
Centrol Room The control room is essential to safe 2.sXE reactor operation.
It must be pro-tected against disabling fire damage and should be separated from other areas of the plant by floors, walls and roofs having minimum' fire resistance ratings of three hours.
Control room cabinets and consoles are subject to damage from two distinct fire hazards:
(a)
Fire originating within a cabinet or console; and (b) _ Exposure fire involving com-bustibles in the general room area.
Manual fire fighting capability Hose stations adjacent to should be provided for, both hazards.
the control room with portable Hose s.tations and portable water and extinguishers in the control Halon extinguishers should be located room are acceptable.
in the control room to eliminate the need for operators to leave the co.itrol room.
An additional hose piping shut of f valve and pressure reducing device should be installed outside the control room.
Hose stations adjacent to the control room with portable extinguishers in the control room are acceptable.
Nozzles that are compatible with the hazards and equipment in the control room should be provided for the manual hose station.
The nozzles chosen should satisfy actual fire fighting needs, satisfy electrical safety and minimize physical damage to electrical equipment from hose stream impingement.
i 4
+
1
36 k
k.
APPLICAT10S DOCKETED bur COM HUCTICN PLANTS U:: DER CC:;S1RUCTION /diD PER".IT NOT RECEIVED AS Oi 7/1/16 OI'ERATING PL!J:TS Fire detection in the control room cabinets, and consoles should be provided by smoke and heat detectors in each fire area.
Alarm and annun-ciation should be provided in the con-trol room.
Fire alarms in other parts of the plant should also be alarmed and annunciated in the control room.
Breathing apparatus for control room operators should be readily available.
Control room floors, ceiling, supporting structures, and walls, including penetrations and doors, should be designed to a minimum fire rating of three hours. All penetration seals should be air right.
The control room ventilation intake Manually operated ventilarica should be provided with smoke detec-systems are acceptable tion capability to automatically alarm locally and isolate the control room ventilation system to Irotect operators by preventing smoke from entering the control room.
Manually operated venting of the control room should be available so that operators have the option of venting for visibility.
Cables should not be located in con-If such concealed spaces are cealed floor and ceiling spaces. All used, however, they should cables that enter the control room have fixed automatic total should terminate in the control flooding halon protection.
room.
That is, no cabling should be simply routed through the control room from one area to another.
Safety related equipment should be Not applicable.
mounted on pedestals or the control room should have curbs and drains to direct water away from such equip-ment.
Such drains should be pro-vided with means for closing to maintain integrity of the control room in the event of other accidents requiring control room isolation.
37 9
o Ap?LICATION DOCKETED'BUT CONSTRUCTION PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND PERMIT NOT RECElVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPERATING PLANTS 3.
Cable Spreading Room 3.
Cable Spreading Room The primary fire suppression in the (a)
The preferred acceptable cable spreading room should be an auto-methods are:
1 matic water system such as closed head sprinklers, open head deluge, or
- 1. Automatic water open directional spray nozzles.'
system such as closed Deluge and open spray syste=s should head sprinklers, have provisions for manual operation open head deluge, or at a remote station; however, there open directional should be provisions to preclude spray no.;1es.
Deluge inadvertent operation.
Location and open spray systems of sprinkler heads or spray nozzles should have pro-should consider cable tray sizing and visions for manual arrangements to assure adequate water operation at a remote coverage. Cables should be designed station; however; there to allow wetting down with deluge water should also be pro-without electrical faulting.
visions to preclude inadvertent operation.
Open head deluge and open directionsl Location of sprinkler spray systems should be zoned to that heads or spray nozzles a single failure will not deprive should consider cable the entire area of automatic fire tray sizing and suppression capability'.
arrangements to assure adequate The use of foam is acceptable, water coverage.
Cables provided it is of a type capable of should be designed to being delivered by a sprinkler or deluge allow wetting down i
system, such as an Aqueous Film Forming
~
Foam (AFFF).
with deluge water without electrical faulting.
Open head An automatic water suppression deluge and open i
system with manual hoses and portable extinguisher backup is acceptable, directional spray systems should be provided:
zoned so that a single failure will (a) At least two remote and separate not deprive the entrances are provided to the entire area of auto-room for access by fire brigade matic fire suppression
-personnel; and capabiliry.
The use (b) Aisle separation provided ci foan is acceptable, provided it is of a between tray stacks should be at least three. feet vide and type capable of being eight feet high.
delivered by a sprink-ler or deluge system, such as an Aqueous-Film Forming Fear (AFFF).
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Alternately, gas systems (Halon or C0 )
(2) Manual hoses and portable 7
L ray be used for primary fire suppression extinguishers should ba if they are backed up by an installed provided as backup.
water spray system and hose stations.
and portable extinguishers immed-(3)
Each cable spreading roo:
7
.iately outside the room and if the of each unit should have access requirements stated above divisienal cable separa-are met.
tion, and be separated from the other and the.
Electric cable construction should, rest of the plant.by a.
as a minimum, pass the flame test in mini =u: three-hour rated i
IEEE Std 383, "IEEE Standard for fire wall (Refer to NFPA
. Type Test of Class lE Electric Cables, 251 or ASTM E-119 for l
Fie'd Splices and Connections for fire test resistance j
No. lear Power Generating Stations."
rating).
Drains to remove fire fighting water (4) At least two remote and 3
l should be provided with adequate seals separate entrances are when gas extinguishing systems provided to the room for are also installed.
access by fire brigade I
personnel; and j
Redundant safety related cable division should be separated by walls with 3 (5) Aisle separation pro-three-hour fire rating'.
-vided between tray stacks should be at least three. feet wide and eight feet high.
j b.
For cable spreading roots that do not provide divisional cable separation of a(3), in addition to meeting a(1), (2),
(4), and (5) above, the follow-ing should also be provided:
(1)
Divisional cable separation
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should teet the guide-lines of Regulatory. Guide 1.75, " Physical Indepen-dence of Electric Systems."
(2) All cabling should be covered with a suitable fire retardant coating.
4 (3). As an alternate to a(1) above, automatically I
initiated gas systems (Halon or CO )-may be 3
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used for primary fire suppression, provided a
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fixed water system is f
used as a tackup.
(4)
Plants that cannot meet the guidelines of Reg-ulatory Guide 1.75, in addition to meeting a(1},
(2), (4), and (5) above, an auxiliary shutdown system with all cabling independent of the cable spreading room should be provided.
For multiple-reactor unit sites, cable spreading roo=s should not be shared between reactors.
Each cable l
spreading room of each unit should I
have divisional cable sepration as stated above and be separated from the other and the rest of the plant by a wall with a minimum fire rating of three hours.
(See NFPA 251, " Fire Tests, Building Construction and Materials", or ASTM E-119, " Fire Test of Building Construction and Materials",
for fire test resistance rating.)
The ventilation system to the cable spreading room should be designed to isolate the area upon acutation of any gas extinguishing system in the area. In addition, smoke venting of the cable spreading room may be desirable. -Such smoke venting should be controlled auto-systems matically by the fire detection or suppression syste= as appropriate.
Capability for remote manual control should also be provided.
4.
Plant Computer Room 4.
Plant Computer Room SAME Safety related computers should be separated from other areas of the plant by barriers having a minimum three-hour fire resistant rating.
Automatic fire detection a,eg y g g gg
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I'.anual hose stations and portable water and halon fire extinguishers should be provided.
5 Switchgear Rooms 5.
Syitchgear Rooms Switchgear rooms should be Switchgear rooms should be separated from the remainder of separated from the remainder the plant by minimum three-hour of the plant by minimum three-rated fire barriers, if practicable.
hour rated fire barriers to the Automatic fire detection should extent practicable.
Automatic alarm and annunciate in the fire detection should alarm and contrcl room and alarm locally, annunciate in the control rear Fire hose station's and portable' and alarm locally.
Fire hose extinguishers should be readily stations and portable ex-available.
tinguishers should be readily available.
Acceptable protect' ion for cables Accepta;1e protection for that pass through the switchgear cables that pass through the room is automatic water or gas switchgear rcom is automatic agent suppression.
Such auto-water or gas agent suppression.
matic suppression must consider Such automatic suppression preventing unacceptable damage must consider preventing un-to electrical equipment and acceptable damage to elec-possible necessary containment trical equipment and possible of agent following discharge.
necessary containment of agent following discharge.
6.
Remote Safety Related Panels 6.
Remote Safety Related Panels The general area housing remote SAME safety related panels should be provided with automatic fire detectors that alarm locally and alarm and annunciate in the control room.
Cembustibic materials should be controlled and. limited to those required for operation.
Portable extinguishers and manual hose stations should be provided, m
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Statien Battery Rooms 7
Station Battery Ecoms Battery rooms should be protected SM'~
against fire explosions. Battery rooms should be separated from each other and other areas of the plant by barriers having a minimum fire rating of three-hours inclusive of all penetrations and openings.
(See NFPA 69,
" Standard on Explosion Prevention Sys t ems. ")
Ventilation systems in the battery rooms should be capable of maintaining the hydrogen ccncentration well below 2 vol. 7. hydrogen concentration.
Standpipe and hose and portable extinguishers should be provided.
Alternatives:
(a) Provide a total fire rated barrier enclosure of the battery r'oom complex that exceeds the fire load con-tained in the room.
(b)
Reduce the fire load to be within the fire barrier cap-ability of 1-1/2 hours.
OR (c) Provide a remote manual act-uated sprinkler system in each room and provide the 1-1/2 hour fire barrier separation.
8.
Turbine Lubrication and Control Oil 8.
Turbine Lubrication and Control Storage and Use Areas Oil Storage and ",e Areas A blank fire wall having a minimum S A.ME.
When - blank wall is resistaace rating of three hours not present, open head deluge should separate all areas coa-protection should be provided taining safety related systems for the turbine oil hazards and equipment from the turbine and automatic open head water oil system curtain protection should be provided for wall openings.
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Diesel Generator Areas 9.
Diesel Generator Areas Diesel generators should be FAME separated from each other and other areas of the plant by I
fire barriers having a minimum fire resistance rating of three hours.
Automatic fire suppression such Rhen day tanks cannot be as AFFF foam, or sprinklers should separated from the diesel-be installed to combat any diesel generator one of the generator or lubricating oil following should be provided fires.
Automatic fire detection for the diesel generator should be provided to alarm and area:
annunciate in the control room and alarm locally'.
Drainage for (a) Automatic open head fire fighting water and means for deluge or open head spray local manual venting of smoke nozzle system (s) should be provided.
(b) Automatic closed head Day tanks with total capacity up sprinklers to 1100 gallons are permitted in the diesel generator area under (c)
Automatic AFFF that is the following conditions:
delivered by a sprinkler deluge or spray system (a) The day tank is located in a separate enclosure, (d) Automatic gas system with a minimum fire resistance (Halon or CO,) may be rating of three hours, used in lieu'of foam including doors or penetrations.
or sprinklers to combat These encicsures should be diesel generator and/or capable of containing the lubricating oil fires.
entire contents of the day tanks.
The enclosure should be ventilated to avoid accum-ulation of oil fumes.
(b)
The enclosure should be protected by automatic fire suppression systems such as AFFF or sprinklers.
10.
Diesel Fuel Oil Storage Areas 10.
Diesel Fuel Oil Storace Areas Diesel fuel oil tanks with a cap-SAME acity greater than 1100 gallons sheuld not be located inside the i
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V-APPLICATIO:; DOCKETED BUT CO::STRUCTION PLANTS U: DLi! CC:;STRUCTto. A ;D PER111T NOT RECEIVED AS OF 7/1/76 OPEPAT]Nt PIANTS buildings containing safety re-lated equipment.
They should be located at least 50 feet from any building containing safety related equipment, or if located within 50 feet, they should be housed in a separate building with construction having a minimum fire resistance rating of three hours.
Buried tanks are considered as meeting the three hour fire resistance require-ments.
See NFPA 30, " Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code",
for additional guidance.
When located in a separate building, the tank should be protected by an automatic fire suppression system such as AFFF or sprinklers.
Tanks, unless buried, should not In operating plants where tanks be located directly above or below are located directly above or safety related sys'tems or equip-below the diesel generators ment regardless of the fire rating and cannot reasonably be of separating floors or ceilings.
moved, separating floors and main structural members should, as a minimur, have fire resistance rat'ing of
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three hours.
Floors should be liquid tight to prevent leaking of possible oil spills from one level to another.
Drains should be provided to remove possible oil spills and fire fighting water to a safe location.
One of the following accep-table methods of fire pro-tection should also be provided:
(a)
Automatic open head deluge or open head spray noazle system (s) 1
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(b) Automatic closed head sprinklers; or (c) Automatic AFFF that is delivered by a sprinkler system or spray system 11.
Safety Related Pumps 11.
Safety Related Pumps Pump houses and rooms housing Pump houses and rooms housing safety related pumps or other safety safety related pumps should be related equipment should be sep-protected by automatic sprinkler arated from other areas of the protection unless a fire plant by fire barriers having at hazards analysis can demon-least three-hour ratings.
These strate that a fire will not rooms should be protected by endanger other safety related automatic sprinkler protection equipmen required for safe unless a fire hazards analysis plant shutdown.
Early can demonstrate that a fire will warning fire detection should not endanger other safety related be installed with alarm and equipment required for safe plant annunciation locally and in the shutdown.
Early warning fire control room.
Local hose detection should be installed with stations and portable ex-alarm and annunciation locally tinguishers should also be and in the control room.
Local hose provided.
stations and portable extinguishers should also be provided.
Equipment pedestals or curbs and drains should be provided to re-move and direct water away from safety related equipment.
Provisions should be made for manual control of the ventilation system to facilitate smoke removal if required for manual fire fighting operation.
12.
New Fuel Area 12.
New Fuel Area Hand pertable extinguishers SAME should be located within this area.
Also, local hose stations shoald be located outside but within hose reach of this area.
Automatic fire detection should
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alarm and annunciate in the con-trol room and alarm locally.
Cot.bustibles should be limited to a minimum in the new fuel area.
The storage area should be pro-vided with a drainage system to preclude accumulation of water.
The storage configuration of new fuel should always be so mainta ned d
as to preclude criticality for any water density that might occur during fire water application.
13.
Spent Fuel Pool Area 13.
Spent Fuel Pool Area Protection for the spent fuel SA'E pool area should be provided by local hose stations and portable extinguishers.
Automatic fire detection should be provided to alarm and annunciate in the control room and to alarm locally.
14.
Radwaste Building 14.
Radwaste Building The radwaste building should be SAME separated from other areas of the plant by fire barriers having at least three-hour ratings.
Auto-matic sprinklers should be used in all areas where combustible materials are located.
Automatic fire detection should be pro-vided to annunciate and alarn in the control room and alare locally. During a fire, the ventilation systers in these areas should be capable of eeing isolated. Water should drain to
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t liquid rads aste building sumps.
Acceptable alternative fire pro-tection is automatic fire detection to alarm and annunciate in the control room, in addition to manual hose station.c and portable ex-tinguishers censisting of hand held anc large wheeled units.
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15.
Decentanination Areas 15.
Decontamination Areas 4
The deccatamination areas should SAME be protected by. automatic sprinklers if flammable liquids 4
are stored. Automatic fire detec-
' tion should be provided to annun-ciate and alarm in the control room and alare locally.
The ventilation system should be capable of being isolated.
Local' hose' stations and hand portable extinguishers should be provided as backup to the sprinkler system.
16.
_Safetv Related Water Tanks 16.
Safety Related Water Tanks Storage tanks that supply SAME water for safe shutdown should be protected from the effects of fire.
Local hose stations and portable extinguishers should be provided. Portable extinguishers should be located in nearby hose houses.
Cotbustible materials i
should not be stored next to out-door tanks. A minimum of 50 feet of separation should be provided between outdoor tanks and com-bustible caterials where feasible.
17.
Cooling Tcwers 17.
Cooline Tevern Cooling towers should be of non-SAME.
Cooling towers of com-co bustible construction or so bustible construction, so located that a fire vill not located that a fire in them adversely affect any safety re-could adversely affect safety lated systema or equipment.
Cooling related systems or equipment towers should be of non-combustible should be protected with an construction when the basins are open head deluge syste-in-used for the ultimate heat sink or stallation with hydrants and
~for the fire protection water supply, hose houses strategically Located.
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Miscellaneous Areas 18.
Misc 211aneous Areas Miscellaneous areas such as SAME records storage areas, shops, warehouses, and auxiliary boiler rooms should be so located that a fire or ef fects of a fire, in-cluding smoke, will not adversely affect any safety related systems or equipment.
Fuel oil tanks for auxiliary boilers should be buried or provided with dikes to contain the entire tank contents.
E.
Special Protection Guidelines E.
Special Prctection Guidelines 1.
Weldine and Cutting, Acetylene -
1.
Weldine and Cuttinc, Acetylene -
Oxygen Fuel Gas Systems Oxygen Fuel Gas Systems This equipment is used in various SAME areas throughout the plant.
Stor-age locations should be chosen to permit fire protec' tion by auto-matic sprinkler systems.
Local hose stations and portable equip-ment should be provided as back-up.
The requirements of NFPA 51 and 51B are applicable to these hazards.
A permit syste= should be required to utilize this equip-ment.
(Also refer to 2f herein.)
2.
Storace Areas for Dry Ion Exchange 2.
Storace Areas for Dry Ion Resins Exchange Resins-Dry ion exchange resins should SAME not be stored near essential safety related systems.
Dry unused resins should be protected by autocatic wet pipe sprinkler installations. Detection by smoke end heat detectors should alarm and annunciate in the control room and alarm locally.
Local hose sta-tions and portable extinguishers should provide backup for these areas.
Storage areas of dry resin should have curbs and drains.
(Refer to NFPA 92M, " Waterproofing and Draining of Floors.")
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3.
Hizardous Chemicals 3.
Hazardous Chemicals Hazardous chemicals should be stored and protected in accordance with the recommendations of NFPA 49, " Hazardous Chemicals Data."
Chemicals storage areas should be well ventilated and protected against flooding conditions since some chemicals may react with water to produce ignition.
4.
Materials Containing Radioactivity 4
Materials Containing Radio-Activity Materials that collect and contain SAME radioactivity such as spent ion ex-change resins, charcoal filters, and HEPA filters should be stored in closed metal tanks or con-tainers that are located in areas free from ignition sources or combustibles.
These materials should be protected from exposure to fires in adjacent areas as well.
Consideration should be given to requirements for removal of iso-topic decay heat from entrained radioactive materials.
.t-ENCLOSURE 2 '
SUPPLEMENTARY GUIDANCE ON f
INFORMATION NEEDED FOR FIRE PRCrTECTION PROGRAM EVALUATION 1
a i
In order to perform a proper fire hazards analysis the services of a qualified fire protection engineer should be utilized.
To demonstrate the results of the fire hazards analysis the following information 2
must be provided:
s 1.
Provide plan and elevation views of the plant that show the plant as divided into distinct fire areas.
Provide a description of the various systems, botn safety-related and non-safety-related, which occupy the fire area and could provide cooling to the core to safely shutdown the i.
reactor, including decay heat removal.
Provide a description of areas j
of the plant that contain radioactive material that may be released to the exclusion area or beyond should a fire occur in those areas.
S For each fire area, provide the following:
j i
a) Describe the fire barrier that defines the fire area; the consequences of the design basis fire for that area; the con-sequences of the fire if the fire protection system functions as designed.
b)
Identify the safety related equipment and associated cabling.
Provide the design criteria for the fire protection related i
to such equipment.
Provide the' design criteria for protection of.such equipment against' inadvertent operation, careless operation or rupture of extinguishing systens.
I c)
Provide a list of the type, quantity, and other pertinent characteristics of combustible materials associated with each fire area.
1 d)
Provide a list of the fire loadings which represent the co bustibles identified in (c) above for each fire area.
e) Describe all the extinguishing and detection capabilities within each fire area. Discuss all means for containing and inhibiting the progress of a fire, e.g.,
the use of fire steps, coatings, curbs, walls, etc.
Describe the extinguishing equipment outside an area which has access to the area.
SOTE:
If ;arge fire -areas are divided into fire zones for the purpose 4
ef fire protection,1the above information should be provided f:r u:b :one.
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2.
hhere redundant safety related equipment or cabling is located in a given fire area, describe the design features which prevent the loss of both redundant trains in a coenon fire, e.g., the separation provided by distance, physical barriers, and electrical isolation. hhere control, power, or instrument cables of redundant systems used for bringing the reactor to safe, cold shutdown are located in the same cable trays, either provide a bounding analysis demonstrating that the worst consequences as a result of a fire in the cable trays are acceptable or show that redundar.:
systems required to achieve and maintain a cold shutdown are adequately protected against damage by the fire.
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