ML19290F101
| ML19290F101 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Arkansas Nuclear  |
| Issue date: | 03/06/1980 |
| From: | Seyfrit K NRC OFFICE OF INSPECTION & ENFORCEMENT (IE REGION IV) |
| To: | Cavanaugh W ARKANSAS POWER & LIGHT CO. |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8003180101 | |
| Download: ML19290F101 (1) | |
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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LPOR i;
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March 6, 1980 Docket Nos.
50-313 50-368 Arkansas Power and Light Company i
ATTN:
Mr. Williata Cavanaugh III Vice President of Generation and Construction P. O. Box 551 Little Rock, Arkansas 72203 Gentle =en:
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The enclosed IE Circular is forwarded to you for information.
No written response to this IE Circular is required.
If you have any questions related to the subj ect, please contact this office.
Sincerely, 74 yf 4pfif[/
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V.
Seyfrit Director
Enclosures:
1.
IE Circular No. 80-03 2.
List of IE Circulars Recently Issued James P. O'Hanlon, Plant Manager cc:
Arkansas Nuclear One P. O. Box 608 Russellville, Arkansas 72801 s o n s,8 o lo \\
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6830 Accession No.-
UNITED STATES 7912190685 NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION OFFICE OF INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT rQ
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IE Circular No. 80-03 Date: March 6, 1980 Page 1 of 2 PROTECTION FROM T0XIC GAS HAZARDS Chlorine gas releases have been reported at two different reactor facilities in the past two years.
At Millstone, in March 1978, a leak of about 100 standard cubic feet of chlorine (about a gallon of liquid) occurred over a ten minute period, resulting in the hospitalization of 15 people.
The ventilation system carried the chlorine into the plant buildings, where personnel distress was noted.
No injuries occurred in the buildings due to the small size of the release.
At Browns Ferry, in June 1979, a small leak from a diaphragm on a chlorine reducing valve resulted in the hospitalization of five people, including a control room operator.
Chlorine is highly toxic, producing symptoms after several hours exposure in concentrations of only one ppm.
Concentrations of 50 ppm are dangerous for even short exposures and 1000 ppm is fatal for brief exposures.
- Chlorine, used at some power stations to control organisms in the circulating water, is normally supplied in one ton containers or in tank cars of up to 90 tons capacity.
Other potential sources of toxic gas that have been identified at nuclear power plants include:
Nearby industrial facilities.
At Waterford, in July 1979, construction forces had to be evacuated for two and a half hours due to a chlorine gas release from a nearby chemical plant.
Chlorine transportation on adjacent highways, railways and rivers.
Large tanks of aqueous ammonia stored near plant buildings.
Both acid and caustic storage tanks located in a common building near the control room. At the Dresden site, in August 1977, accidential mixing of acid and caustic solutions resulted in toxic fum.s that entered the control room via the ventilation system.
i IE Circular No. 80-03 IE Circular No. 80-03 Date:
March 6, 1980 Page 2 of 2 Criterion 19 of Appendix A to 10 CFR 50 requires a control room for which action can be taken to maintain the reactor in a safe condition under accident conditions.
The control room designs in current license applications are reviewed for operator protection from toxic gases (as well as radiation), in accordance with Standard Review Plan (SRP) 6.4 (NUREG 75/087 dated 11/24/75).
P: lated information on the identification of potential hazards and the evalua-tion of potential accidents can be found in SRP sections 2.2.1-2.2.2 and 2.2.3, respectively.
The SRP references Regulatory Guide 1.78 (dated June 1974) on control room habitability during chemical releases.
It also references Regulatory Guide 1.95 on requirements for protection against chlorine releases specifically.
The majority of the plants currently operating, however, were built and licensed prior to the development and implementation of this guidance.
A review of some older plants, with respect to toxic gas hazards indicates that they do not have the degree of protection that would be required for present day plants.
Evaluation of the protection of control rooms frcm toxic gas releases is part of the systematic evaluation program currently being carried out on certrin older plants. Also, as older facilities submit requests for significant license amendments, their design features and controls for protec-tion of control rooms are reviewed and, if appropriate, are required to be changed.
However, the recent history of frequent toxic gas release incidents appears to warrant a more rapid implementation of the newer toxic gas protec-tion policies.
For the above reasons, it is strongly recommended that:
You evaluate your plant (s) against section 6.4 and applicable parts of sections 2.2.1-2.2.2 and 2.2.3 of the SRP with respect to toxic gas hazards.
Where the degree of protection against toxic gas hazards is found to be significantly less than that specified in the SRP, provide the controls or propose the design changes necessary to achieve an equivalent level of protection.
No written response to this circular is required.
If you desire additional information regarding this matter, contact the Director of the appropriate NRC Regional Office.
Attachments:
Sections 2.2.1-2.2.2 - 2.2.3 and 6.4 of NUREG 75/087
i IE Circular No. 80-03 March 6, 1980 RECENTLY ISSUED IE CIRCULARS Circular Subject Date Issued To No.
Issued 79-21 Prevention of Unplanned 10/16/79 All holders of Power Releases of Radioactivity Reactor Operating Licenses (OLs) or Construction Permits (cps) 79-22 Stroke Times for Power 11/16/79 All Power Reactor Oper-Operated Relief Valves ating Facilities and all Utilities having a Construction Permit (CP) 79-23 Motor Starters and 11/26/79 All Power Reactor Oper-Contactors Failed to ating Facilities and Holders Operate of Reactor Construction Permits (cps) 79-24 Proper installation and 11/26/79 All Holders of a Calibration of Core Spray Power Reactor Operating Pipe Break Detection License (OL) or Equipment on BWRs.
Construction Permits (cps) 79-25 Shock Arrestor Strut 12/20/79 All licensees and Assembly Interference holders of power reaccor construction Permit (CP) 80-01 Service Advice for GE 1/17/80 All licensees of nuclear Induction Disc Relays power reactor operating facilities and holders of nuclear power reactor Construction Permits (cps) 80-02 Nuclear Power Plant Staff 2/1/80 All holders of Reactor Work Huurs Operating Licenses (OLs),
including research and test reactors, and Construction Permits (cps)
Enclosure
NUREG.75/087
/anro ns U.S. NUCt. EAR REGULATORY COMMISSION i
1 STANDARD REVIEW PLAN
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OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATION SECTIONS 2.2.1 - 2.2.2 ICENTIFICATICN OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN SITE VICINITY l
REVIEW RESPONSIBILITIES Primary - Accident Analysis Branch (AAB)
Secondary - None I.
AREAS OF REVIEW Locations and separation distances from the site of industrial, military, and transportation facilities and routes in the vicinity of the site. Such facilities and routes include air, ground, and water traffic, pipelines, and fixed manufacturing, processing, and storage facilities. Potential external hazards or hazardous materials that are present or which may reasonably be expected to be present during the projected life time of the proposed plant. The purpose of this review is to establish the information concerning the presence of potential external hazaros which is to be used in further review in Sections 2.2.3, 3.5.1.5, and 3.5.1.6.
II. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 1.
Data in the SAR adequately describes the locations and distances of iacustrial, l
military, and transpcrtation facilities in the vicinity of the plant, and is in agreement with data obtained from other sources, when available.
2.
Descriptions of the nature and extent of activities conducted at nearty facilities, including the products and materials likely to be processed, stored, used, or trans.
ported, are adequate to permit evaluations of possible hazards in Part 3 review sections dealing with specific hazards.
3.
Where potentially hazardous r',aterials may be processed, stored, used, or transported in the vicinity of the plant, sufficient statistical data on such materials are i
provided to establish a basis for evaluating the potential hazard to the plant.
III. REVIEW PROCEDURES Selection and emphasis of various aspects of the areas covered by this review plan will be made by the reviewer on each case. The judgment of the areas to be given attention during the review is to be based on an inspection of the material presented, the similarity of the material to that recently reviewed on other plants, and wnether itens of special safety significance are involved. The following procedures are followed:
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OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATION SECTICN 2.2.3 EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ACCICENTS REVIEW RESPCNS!BILIT!ES Primary - Accident Analysis Branch (AAB)
Secondary - Applied Statistics Branch (ASB/MPA)
I.
AREAS OF REVIEW The applicant's identification of potential accident situations in the vicinity of the plant is reviewed to determine the c:mpleteness of and the bases upon wnich these potential accidents were or were not accormodated in the design. (See Standard Review Plans 2.2.1 and 2.2.2.)
The applicant's probability analyses of potential accidents involving hazardous materials
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cr activities in the vicinity of the plant, if such analyses have been perfomed, are also reviewed by ASB/MPA on recuest by AAS to determine that appropriate data and aralytical models have been utilized.
The analyses af the consequences of accidents involving nearby industrial, military, and transportation facilities which have been identified as design basis events are reviewed.
II. ACCEDTANCE CRITERIA The identificatien of design basis events resulting from the presence of hazardous materials or activities in the vicinity of the plant is acceptable if the design easis events include each postulated type of accident for which the exoected rate of occurrence of potential exposures in excess of the 10 CFR Part 100 guidelines is estimated to exceed the NRC staff cbjective of approximately 10 per year. Because of the difficulty of assigning accurate numerical values to the expected rate of unprecedented potential hazards generally con-sidered in this review plan, judgment must be used as to the acceptability of the overall risk presented.
The probability of occurrence of the initiating events leading to potential consequences in excess of 10 CFR Part 100 exposure guidelines should be estimated using assumptions that are as representative of the specific site as is practicable. In addition, because of the low probabilities of the events under consideration, data are often not available to permit accurate calculation of probabilities. Accordingly, the expected rate of cccur-rence of potential exposures in excess of the 10 CFR Part 100 guidelines of aporoximately 10 per year is acceptable if, whei combined with reasonable qualitative arguments. the realistic probability can be shown to be lower.
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The effects of design basis events have been adequately considered if analyses of the l
effects of those accidents on the safety-related features of the plant have been perfomed and measures (e.g., hardening, fire protection) to mitigate the consequences of such events have been taken.
III. REVIEW PROCECURES I
In some cases it may be necessary to consult with or obtain scecific data from other branches, such as the Structural Engineering Sranen (SEB) or Auxiliary Systems Branch l
(ASB), regarding possible effects of external events on plant structures or components.
The applicant's probability calculations are reviewed, and an independent probability analysis is perfomed by the staff if the potential hazard is considered significant enougn to affect the licensability of the site or is important to the identification of design basis events.
All stochastic variables that affect the occurrence or severity of the postulated event are identified, and judged to be either independent or conditioned by other variables.
Probabilistic models should be tested, where possible, against all available information.
If the model or any portion of it, by simple extension, can ba used to preoict an observ-able accident rate, this test should be performed.
The design parameters (e.g., overpressure) and physical phenomena (e.g., gas concentration) selected by the applicant for each design basis event are reviewed to ascertain that the values are comparable to the values used in previous analyses and found to be acceptable by the staff.
Each design basis event is reviewed to determine that the effects of the event on the safety features of the plant have been adequately acc0modated in the design.
If accidents involving release of smoke, flamable or nonflammable gases, or chemical bearing clouds are considered to be design basis events, an evaluation of the effects of these accidents on control room habitability should be made in SAR Section 6.4 and on the operation of diesels and other safety-related equipment in SAR Chapter 9.
Special attention should be given to the review of standardized designs wnich propose criteria involving individual numerical probability criteria for individual classes of ea!ernal man-made hazards. In sucn instances the reviewer should establish that the envelee also includes an overall criterion that limits the aggregate probability of exceed-ing dest,1n criteria associated with all of the identified external man-made hazards.
Similarly, special attention should be given to the review of a site wnere several man-made hazards are identified, but none of which, individually, has a probability exceeding the acceptance cr,iteria stated herein. The objective of this special review should be to assure that the aggregate probability of an outcome that may lead to unacceptable clant damage meets the acceptance criteria of Part II of this SRP Section. (A hypothetical example is a situation where the probability of shock wave overpressure greater than design Rev. 1 2.2.3-2
3 overpressure is about 10~ per reactor year from accidents at a nearby industrial facility, and approximately equal probabilities of exceeding design pressure from railway accidents, highway accidents and from shipping accidents. Individually each may be judged acceptably low; the aggregate prooability may be judged sufficiently great that additional features of design are warranted.)
IV. EVALUATION FINDINGS If the reviewer verifies that sufficient information has been provided and that his evaluation
's sufficiently complete and adequate to meet the acceptance criteria in Section II of this 1RP, conclusions of the following type may be prepared for the staff's safety evaluation report:
"The applicant has identified potential accidents which could occur in the vicinity of the plant, and from these has selected those which should be considered as design l
basis events and has provided analyses of the effects of these accidents on the I
safety-related features of the plant. The applicant has demonstrated that the plant is adequately protected and can be operated with an acceptable degree of safety with regard to potential accidents which may occur as the result of activities at nearby industrial, military, and transportation facilities."
V.
REFERENCES Regulatory Guide 1.70, " Standard Fomat and Content of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants," Revision 2.
Affidavit of Jacques 3. J. Read before the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board in the matter of Skagit Nuclear Power Project Units 1 and 2, July 15,1976. Cocket Nos. STN 50-522, 523.
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board, Supplemental Initial Decision in the Matter of Hope Creek Generating Station, Units 1 and 2. March 28,1977 Docket Nos. 50-354, 355.
Section 2 Surplement 2 to the Floating Nuclear Plant Safety Evaluation Report, Cocket No. STN 50-437, September 1976.
2.2.3-3 Rev. 1
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U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION We'y/l STANDARD REVIEW PLAN OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATION
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SECTION 6.4 HABITABILITY SYSTEMS REVIEW RESPCNSIBILITIES Primary - Accident Analysis Branch (AAB)
Secondary - Hydrology-Meteorology Branch (HMB)
Auxilirry Systems Branch (ASB)
Effluent Treatment Systems Branch (ETSB)
I.
AREAS OF REVIEW The control room ventilation system and control building layout and structures, as described in the applicant's safety analysis report (SAR), are reviewed with the oefective of assuring that plant operators are adequately protected against the effects of accidental releases of toxic or radioactive gases. A further objective is to assure that the control room can be maintained as the center from which emergency teams can safely operate in the case of a design basis radiological releise. To assure that these objectives are accom-plished the following items are reviewed:
1.
The zone serviced by the control room emergency ventilation system is examined to ascertain that all critical areas requiring access in the event of an accident are included within the zone (control room, kitchen, sanitary facilities, etc.) and to assure that those areas not requiring access are generally excluded from tha zone.
2.
The capacity of the control room in terms of the number of people it can accommodate for an extended peri ; of time is reviewed to confirm the adequacy of emergency food and medical supplies and self-contained breathing apparatus and to determine the length of time the control room can be isolated before CO levels become excessive.
2 3.
The control room ventilation system layout and functional design is reviewed to determine flow rates and filter efficiencies for input into the AAB analyses of the buildup of radioactive or toxic gases inside the control room, assuming a design basis release. Basic deficiencies that might impair the effectiveness of the system are examined. In addition, the system operation and procedures are reviewed. The ASB has primary responsibility in the system review area under Standard Review Plan (SRP) 9.4.1.
The ASB is consulted wnen reviewing hardware and operating proceduras.
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