ML19274C660

Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act NEIMA - Patricia Milligan 2019 National State Liaison Officer Conference Presentation

ML19274C660
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Issue date:	10/01/2019
From:	Patricia Milligan Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
To:
RAKOVAN L/NMSS/MSST
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Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act NEIMA Patricia A Milligan, CHP Senior Technical Advisor Division of Preparedness and Response Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1

Purpose of the Act The purpose of this Act is to provide

• a program to develop the expertise and regulatory processes necessary to allow innovation and the commercialization of advanced nuclear reactors;

• a revised fee recovery structure to ensure the availability of resources to meet industry needs without burdening existing licensees unfairly for inaccurate workload projections premature existing reactor closures;

• more efficient regulation of uranium recovery.

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Section 105 Evacuation Report SEC. 105. EVACUATION REPORT

• Due to Congress not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this

• report describing:

• the actions the Commission has taken, or plans to take, to consider lessons learned since September 11, 2001, Superstorm Sandy, Fukushima, and other recent natural disasters regarding directed or spontaneous evacuations in densely populated urban and suburban areas.

• Report shall describe how the Commission will consider results from the State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses

• Emergency planning zones for small modular reactors and advanced reactors

• How the Commission monitors international reviews, including reviews conducted by:

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation World Health Organization Fukushima Health Management Survey; 3

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Section 105 Evacuation Report

• With respect to disaster/s such as Superstorm Sandy include information about:

• potential shadow evacuations in response to the disaster;

• what levels of self-evacuation should be expected during the disaster, including outside the 10-mile evacuation zone.

• Staff was directed to consult with

• Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee

• State emergency planning officials from States that the Commission determines to be relevant to the report

• experts in analyzing human behavior and probable responses to a radiological emission event.

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Section 105 Actions Post 9/11/2001

• NRC staff reviewed the EP planning bases in the context of the new threat environment; concluded bases were still valid.

• Staff identified enhancements to address new threats

• Staff reviewed EP regulations and identified other aspects that could be enhanced, i.e., updating requirements for evacuation time estimates (ETEs)

• Staff undertook rulemaking to codify enhancements to regulations

• NRC published two studies on large scale evacuations; one that focused only on evacuations and the other on crosswalk of NRC EP planning standards against emergency plans that used in the large scale evacuations 5

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Section 105 Large Scale Urban Evacuations

• Large-scale urban evacuations not uncommon in the United States

• Occur with some predictability because of mandatory evacuations in advance of large-scale hurricanes.

• Hurricane Katrina, in 2005, > 1 million people from Gulf coast evacuated and >150,000 people from New Orleans

• Hurricane Rita, in 2005, > 2 million residents from Houston/Galveston

• Hurricane Gustav, in 2008, >200,000 evacuated from New Orleans

• Hurricane Harvey, in 2017, forced thousands of residents of Houston to leave.

• Lower Manhattan post 9/11, >500,00 evacuated by ad hoc maritime response 6

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Section 105 Superstorm Sandy Residents in path of storm had poor compliance with evacuation orders (50% or less)

• prior year hurricane evacuation was not necessary

• most impacted residents had little experience responding to hurricanes

• many misjudged appropriate response

• many disregarded the evacuation orders

• This human factor plays an essential role during evacuation processes, as people often measure the risks against their past experiences 7

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Section 105 Evacuation Time Estimates 20% shadow evacuation is a valid number to use in ETEs 8

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Section 105 State of the Art Reactor Consequence Study Lessons learned:

• existing resources and procedures can stop an accident, slow it down, or reduce its impact before it can affect public health.

• even if accidents proceed uncontrolled, they take much longer to happen and release much less radioactive material than earlier analyses suggested;

• analyzed accidents involving the release of radioactive effluents would cause essentially zero immediate deaths and only a very small increase in the hypothetical risk of long-term cancer effects.

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Section 105 Small Modular Reactors and Other New Technologies Rulemaking:

• establish EP requirements that would:

• provide reasonable assurance

• promote regulatory stability, predictability, and clarity

• reduce expected requests for exemptions from EP requirements

• recognize technology advancements embedded in design features

• credit safety enhancements in evolutionary and passive systems;

• credit the potential benefits associated with postulated accidents, including slower transient response times and relatively small and slow release of fission products, for smaller-sized reactors and non-lightwater reactors.

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Section 105 Conclusion

• NRC staff is engaged in studying events that may not involve NPPs but could impact EP and planning

• SOARCA report insights, reviews of NRC EP regulations and guidance post 9/11, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, tsunami and accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Station, Superstorm Sandy reaffirm that emergency planning bases for the current fleet of large light-water NPPs remain valid 11 10

Section 105 Conclusion

• NRC SMR/ONT draft rule will align EP with risk to support the potential for a reduced-size EPZ or eliminating formal offsite radiological emergency preparedness for the licensing of SMRs and ONTs

• Studies show that, even in those areas without formal planning, ad-hoc evacuations as a protective action can be effective should an evacuation be necessary 12 10