ML19263D646

Supports Const of Facility.Believes Need Exists for Facility in Future,Nuclear Sources Are Most Practical & Reliable, Nuclear Fuel Is Less Contaminating.Submits Info for Addendum to Personal Appearance of G Kontos Requested 790129

ML19263D646
Person / Time
Site:	Perkins
Issue date:	01/29/1979
From:	Angell B AFFILIATION NOT ASSIGNED
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ML19263D627	List: ML19263D626 ML19263D631 ML19263D633 ML19263D646
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NUDOCS 7904130098
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Text

1 WQ.'.n.

5' V.

Y BRADY L. ANGELL 4"t Route 7, Box 49

. :Q y

Mocksville, N. C. 27028 i *-

W b

/0 Jarnar7 23, 1979 gl,,

gf,..

i

(

3 p.. "

.)

EntP.and-centlemera O h..e,,.~

L 3ty state =ent ahall be very briaf.

I a= Brady Angell, a f ar=er and native of Davie Ccunty.

I have no stcck in Duke power ecmpany.

In the many hearings relating to the construction of the neuclar pCver station in Davie County, kncwn as the Perkins plant.

It is my strong belief that the fol cwing points have been elearly shcwn, M MU.

l=

That 1n the very near future be a need for another power generating 4

plant of this size in this area.

2-That because of uncertanties in supplies of coal and petroleum fuel, power frcm nuclear scurces is the most @d practical and reliable available.

3-That there wculd be less contamination of the envior=r nt frcm inclear s

fuel than frcm coal cr petroleum scurces.

4-That the Perkins site in Davie Ccunt7 is b7 far the mest practical location fcr the plant in the arca it will serve.

5! That the facts are in, and have been in fer scme tire.

6-That any father requests fcr hearings pricr to a decision will only be delaying tacties by VERY =incrity grcups in their own intrest and at the expense, and risk, of the g:eneral publis.

Lady and Gentlemen, there has been too =nch delay now in reachirq a decision to grant the necessary ocnstruction permits.

I urge ycu to do all in 7 cur power in autherising a tz.verable I

--DJ' p {

decision at the earliest possible dato.

Thank 7:u,

f Ys W'

Brady L. Anaill 7904130098

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525) Steven accha. 311. Chemical &

Atcate.crkers Jnion. FECEUL 4:NE SAFETY aEARI%3. April 1 1977, s. 294.

Tre risa of.rantum micers develo31ag lung cancer is 7 ttms ;reater **an

\\ nemal.

-~

I' Obt'LT *iG ENGlNEIR. April 1973, at 107 Costs per Kilowatt in 1976 Collars:

2eq1cn 0041 Nuclear Nortreast 63M9 M

Soutneas t 519-619 649-774 East Central 605-721 719-856

{

.est Central 597 711 689 80)

Souti Central 593-7C6 67C-798 618-d10 713-934 6

• .est

~ ' ors Foundatt'c E NL b 2 PC.ER:

F

~

C1051)

.!SSUES A.40 CHOICES, 1977,

p. 310.

Recognit'on of the need for aggraced secarity, and action to achieve it nas been sicw. For incustry, security and i

safeguards are aeditional burcens and es;enses and there are few incentives to accept these costs unless recuired.

6 The NRC nas not T ved Ptotdly on these issaes and aos teen reluctant to s;ect-fy in detail wnat tr.e atilities stoald l

do about security.

C1052 ) PChER. May 1978

p. 10.

Starr acknowledged that *tre srocess is in very crude fem (and] needs develocrent." Boti ae and M EA i

officials acknowledged trat C: VEX j

nas never actually been tr1ed.

CICS3 ) Jonn 3erger. THE UNVIABLE CPT!0N.1977, p.192.

The mre safeguarc wasures prolifeeste, tre more tes.y n111 1pe>orstly threaten civil Itberties.

C1058) Raich Nader. NUCLEAA OVERSIGHT j

HEAR:NGS May 1.1975, p. 35.

Once you go atth nuclear power you tave to safeguard it. And it's going to se-verely undermine civil liberties, f

tw4um l

2463

,p, 4:55 h*

Ij3 3'

Y NUCLEAR FUEL CvCLE, ' n t on ENERSf, Jesse 5. 3coli ttle, of imeEd19ed.g,N.C.

of Concerned Octentists, 1975 e~eritas, Sept-of ech, and State Univ p.

255:

aeros9sce En1.,

N...

-. ate g { j ;y.yg, %

y

gn,

• 5 alt doe s be n a v e muc h like Univ. 1977 c.

37 liquid buoles, slowly oressing Abandoned salt miesn see,to expands as en idly as now gh iverying offer an enge!!ent 31 ace 'or con,,,,

t9eir way t h ro ji n n y

. g 7,,,3, 4

3,,

g.3,,

jomes lie its:ssa.-

ae sal

• veins ascarent./

3.g g3 g,j) gg acca strata, stable 'or,5e 09eu13afs at east.f accesstole 1e; tis 9 ave bee 9 se*y in W1 am tu par MM of 1 - 3 km, and the occarrence and thousands of fears.

m 4,;g 3n p.

gg

, 35g 3

),,-

of alastic flow assures a salt all abosco *he raditaton 33 3,

,, 3 sei'-sealing, water-tight readily and prevent its escape.

sitJation.'

I* is relatively easy to Monitor s n o I

• e 5"

remove tne neat generateo :Je to 2353

"' d'C8/

'*UO3CU" materials.f W THE NUCLEAR FVEL CYCLE, Union of 2457 Concerned Scientists, 1975 1UCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIA3LE p.

253:

ALTERNATIVE, Nuke consultant 462 I1 its ias*e to 3roceed witn John Berger. Friends of the tVCLEAR PCWER-THE UNV!AStr disposaol the Commission had tartn, 1977 p.

104 f'pf "n

both failed to perform an 3efore mastes are finallyburied

)

o Carth 197fD J'

adequate geological survey of in Caverns hollowed out of the the site and had allowed tne anderground salt beds, ERDA slans OAEC $lanners'have forecast a

American Salt Company to continue to develop acceptabi-technology cumulative total equivalent to with large-scale ander ground for the solidification of 60 million plions of M p-Im1 ceramiclikesolids.{essyor liquid nastes into g solution nt ning witnt n a very

• aste by tne year 2000**

short jistance of tne site, The accidental discovery of old 465

]'UCLE AR gas and oli bore holes oene.

2458 90WER*

• HE UNVIABLE trating the L/ons 9tne and the NUCLEAR POWER: THE U1VISBLE AGER u TIVE, jo d Berger, Nde LTERNATIVE, John Berger Nuke A,o n s J i t a n t,

Jnderground loss of a nundred Friends of Ae Consultan,t, Friends of theEarth thousand gallons of water from 3977 3 g'.

mining operations of the salt Earth, 1977 p.

106

'Rodge'Strelow an official of company, both of which might Almsot all these schemes Jepend the EPA has stated tha' by tion of the 20C0feheral and c omerc i a l nu1cear the coolete coceprp$

have led to a flooding of on biosonere: the earth crust the repository, forced the oower combineo may generate Jo AEC to abandon the Lyons site must agree not fold, thrust, quake, to 200 M ilion W i m of hi >

altogether.

lit, or break in any area con-level waste, 400 million cubic taining long-lived wastes. The feet of low-level waste and 95 454 oceans must abide in their present Ilion cubic feet of alpha NUCLEAR POWER THE UNVIABLE beds, and certain large-scale waste.

s LATERNATIVE, John Berger, Nuke climatic aberrations must not consaitant. Friends of the be allowed to occur.*

73g Earth, 1977 o. 104 NUCLEAQ DONER: THE UNVIa3LE

.he notion of burying nuclear 2459 ALTERNATIVE, John Berger, Nde

.astes -ar undergrcund LIVING M THE ENVIo01'ENT:

@'ultan

. Friends 3 the Earti in salt beds or domes, or in CONCEPTS, 2003LE"S, A1D ALTERNA.

P " [, d' '

- "y,,9 solid rock is viewed of IIVES, G. Iyler Miller Df human EROA officials as the 90st ecology,,St. Andrews college j,, 0 ar promising long-ter9 storage 1975 p.

• 34

,ord Reservation on the banks of method of all.

Consequently, Most ideal sites geologically.

the Columbia River in southeastern ERCA is currently investigating however, accear to be in cer-the use of an underground salt tain locations in Sichiga, New

,asnington, near Richland.

bed about thirty 911es east York, and Kansas if salt mines 24' of CArisbad, New Wenico, as th are eventually used.'

ACCESS TO ENERGY, Sr. Peter Beck-ocuntry 5 first pilot under-

'I((j"g;'

9

• • Of

'8 ground deste storale facility.'

2460L.A. Times, Pt.

I, p2 3/26/73 Even though the satt

,3ut even if all of the US elec.

2255 domes along the Gulf Coast M c capacity were nuclear, now NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNY:a3LE have been tne soruce of some of h""9"0"Id II I3k' 0"

"' "38t' Of AtTIENATIVE, John 3erger, Nuke the coun*r's largest oil dis-Consultant, Friends of tne coveries, scientsits feel there is

- 'y 3

Earth, 1977 p.

106 more potential energy available Nonetheless salt f o rat a t i o n s from the salt in the domes

1. 1. i#I*

are oreferred by disposal than is obtalend from the gas 24F theorists; the presence ofsolid and 011.*

LcNjSEACH INDEPENONET* 5/4/73 '

~

sat, with its great solubility 2461 D3 Z4 i n wa t e r, indicates that alt 1UCLEAR POWER: 7uE U*iV! ASLE Each o' the nation's 63 nuclear

ed and dome sites have been ALTERNATIVE, John Berger Naxe power slants nas the capacity of ree of water for a long time.

Consultant, Friends of the ooriucino about 30 tons o' spent 4hether t%ey wit. *emain s Ear *h, 1977 p.

63:

• al a nu.

Twen in %

in the future is ano*.her question, "3ased on AEC forecasts of 5000 tons in temocracy storage especially in view o man s nucine mer growth a full today---an amount expected to many mining and ne:1-dr111tng scale nuclear industry would double with19 the next five years sepeations

. ore questions oroduce 440 million counds of as more and more nulcear slants m during he no t 50 come on line.*

i s iscos I h

and Sa-telle reserschers nave credicted 24*

Ia l e <'

• r 2462 NUCLEAR UEL CYCLE, Union of Con-v AC Dr. 3eter Seckman, ceaneo Scientists, 197 o. 256:

7, CESS TO ENERGY, L ety-fi ve ye a rs.. --

f

. elec. eng., Univ. of Colorado

• !f the transuranic elements were 12/1/75 3.

3:

• e*oved almost completely, then

• 0ne yar's production of elec-storsge in massive sur' ace vaults tricity by a 1000 "4 nuclear plant

'or 300 years or any one o' a mill oroduce a couple of 55-gallon number of deep burial scheaes--

3 rums of waste."

e.g.,

in ancient salt decosits--

secomes feasible.*

2473

'275 24M h[ 1UCLEAR FUEL CYCLE. 310n of 5

• E W WAD OS OF NOT O !NG L.A wera11 Evaminer. 4/4r71 c. 5 Concerned Scientists. Ild)

WCLEAR. Deter 3eckmsn. Fellow S'

hc" led Carelli.

A*'

o. 222:

IEEE S.

104 1975:

9ederal courts may olay on!- i anecovered tr ans;rinic ele!nen ts Scientists have developed a limited role in protecting should be disposed of through method of sealing water into a public from any oossible tneir transmutation snd fission' i

ntgely darable glass makino t*em s m e-s o' nac eir oower o'

s, preferabl f in fast neutron retc-strecroof, waterproof and the (Sacreme Court) justi; s snid eartn,

tors N s wouli 11minish

3g, 77

3,,

3 g3,t:3r 3,th,3

,n3ng.33g.j j,g

,733j,-

the tiem of Malted for the g,gjjng

,,gg,$

9,gn gjggg,qg remaining 'ission products to innounced at tne American 2483 something of the order o' 300 Chemical Society's Continental 1UCLEAR POWER: THE JNV! 3LE years, as opoosed to millions Conference in 1.f.

in Acrit. 1975 ALTER U T!/E. John 3eroe nuae cf fears otherwise.

3ngajg3ng, pri,n3g of 2176 Earth.377 2471 ENERGY RESOURCES L DOLICY 1979 Even if 3arnaeli he g i nt rati-ng tNVIRONwENTAL LA..a.

197,,.R,1. 7 Richard C. 00rf. UCDavis. 3234 on sche 1ule and the Nu.

e

p. 212 William T.

England Chief It is estimated that salt mine Fuel Services plant in 4 st counsel. Joint Committee on disoosal would add about 0.5

/ alley.

N.Y.. recoens scent fuel Atomic Energy:

to the cost of generating electric production will have exceeded "The regulations, whicn became e

M r

us.*

the o pu t u M M th plants y ef fecti ve on 1/3/77. could 1934.

Furtner bottlenecks see provide an important admini-2a77 therefore almost guaranteed in strative remedy to shiopers HM E' TENTS. Dr. Edward Teller waste-reprocessing and affected by tne growing body of RCR 1/22/76 5325:

management.'

inconsistent state and local

,ror it of the cost of electricity hazardous materials transportation (or for less) one can bury these 2434 regul3tions. At the very least, radioactive wastes 1eep under-THE SILENT 3CM3, Peter Faulkner, ten availability of administra-ground in stable salt formations nuclear consultant for Friends of tive rulings on consistency near snich no earthquake has occur-the Earth, 1977 p.

144:

and oreemption 38'ers some noce m for a millip m r s.

T h e industry is con #ident thattne procer role of state that nulcear olants can withstant and local regulation of nu!cear 2473 the forces of an earthouake f juncture., clarified transportationwill be SCIENCE. Luther Carter 2/25/77 without endangering the oublic.

at an esel RCR s3031:

12C criteria require a minimum

'If and when the governme9t distance between a reactor and in

'g, squarely addresses the total active fault as well as a de-waste manag m nt W in, it w111 sign W eh d1l W estand m und t

rd ted ea el be engaged in a massive effort accelerations between 0.5 nid 0.60 is transported offsite in that could require expenditures 1

Critics are skeptical for two specially designed shipDin9 Sver391Mg SI billion to S2 bil-reasons.

First, they do not casks which 3re Capable fo IIon a year for the next two believe that all ac ti ve faults sre containing the radioactive fJel decades."

known.

Second, they coint out tha.

(

assembly materials during dring the moderately severe San normal and postulated design 2479 Fernando earthouake (5.5 on the accident,transpo-tation con-L.A. Herald Examiner. 4/9/73 A13 richter scale), tne ground secelera-ditions.

Report to the Ho*Jse Env., Cnergy tioe was measured at 1.25 1 and Natursl Resources Sub;.

Given the limited amount o'

• Neither the federal governmtnt scientific data, critics believe EAR DCWER-THE UN1tA3tE is too risky,gact m in Californis that siting r nor W % clear indusm ha-ALTERNATI'IE*3ohn Berger, orepared reliable cost estimates nute consultant. Friends of for the J1timate discosal the Earth. 1977 p.

30 and serstual care of radioactive 2435 ihe comoany itsel' credicts in waste and spent nuclear fuel."

TWE NUCLEAg rUEL CYCLE. Union of its environmental resorts that Concerned Scientists.1375 p.

ailroad accidents like.his 2430 100-r fall's West Virginia 1ersilnent FOREW AFFAIRS. PrM. M ns

The steam binding onenomenon and fire. could release fission 10/1/75 RCR 517399:

highlights the most criticil wastes that would contaminate

" Guarding long-lived waste against designweakness in U.S.

press;ri:ed food croos and 1, a n d along the geological or social contin

• water reactors--a weakness tnat am train routes.

.t is conce.vable, gencies inolies some 'orm of made the margins of safety extre'e-hierchical social r-lity or ly vulnersble to new and unexoect-un n c m

occur e'very ei ght yea rs, n homogeneity to insulace the ed accident events.

.his weakne's technological priesthood from social is the absence of 00sitive means turbulence; hazards which are of forcing large quantities of 24M

"#*7*

Christooher Hohenemser. Drof exoerience', disrupted, unknown.

oroviding overwhelming

.r.,

ohYsics* Clark Univ. Science, or 2nknowable, may temot govern-positive control of the radio-E/I/77 3-3I ments to oyoass democratic active nesting, ano thus ensuring If oresent plans materialize, decision in favor of elitist tecn-thatin accident can never aporoach by the year 2000 there will be nocracy.'

uncontrollability."

30.300 annual snio*ents of scent fuel and waste, containing 7

L.A. Times a.

2 Pt. ! 5/l6/73 YAT/ARD JOURNAL 04 LEGISLATION 2 to 3 megacuries each an6 covering a total of 20 million truck Seidments that have accarently 1977 *11chael 3aram. NAS.

S.

913:

miels.

.his would acoear,.

Iain undistrubted on the ocean 3ecause si ti ng influences radiation oose a significant sabotage risk..

floor for 50 illion years or concentrations. states could use more are being studied as site revtew to govern nuclear Dossible burial grounds 'or nu.

sower olant disciarges indirectly.'

clear waste.

The material is in the process of becoming sedi-9entary rock and 9t?nt orovide cercetual isolation of the wastes."

142

2492 2500 2437 wichael 3aram. *ormer orof. it Michael 3aram, former orof. at TdE NUCLEAR FU "r

Union of Con c e rne o Sc i e[t s t s [' r5575 c.

26 w!T,memeer 1AS, WARVARD JCURNAL

'117, dARVARD JOUR ML ON LE3!S-ON LE IOLATION, 1977 3.

119:

LATION. 1977 p 9171 We see that ibout 130 excess luno "The general police power of

.he Safe Orinking 4Ater act ca-cer cases nere resorted of 1973 independnet the states provides the other of 19, pr0vides,PA 3,gg, g yg 7f g,ygg 43 3 or t control exactly basis for s tate determination of authoroity miners,q,(t9e nu car nas 90t in ridioacti g isotopes gg 3),

ngcn 93e3u3,3, n; acceptable ambient Ieiels of over en3iation in the off-site drinking aster.

of sbo t 3300 nnite males.

Oats environment.

Its traditional obtained since 1963 are ackncwledge:

concern for the protection of pub-

,433 g3 3, gng3,gt,g, -

6 lic health, safety, and welfare Michael 3arim, former orof. at supports extensive suoervision "IT. dARYHD JOU4NAL ON lei!5-

,501 of industrial activities.

LATION, 1977 c. 913:

Q. M E.D FM UC'd, "ni n o f in addition, police power confer The ESA has the oower to improve concerned Scientists, 1975

?t:

jursitiction over land use.

control of radioactive e9issions "One study published in 1969 by investiqating and setting reported that tem ratio of observe!

2433 standar1s for radiation between mortality fro 9 lung cancers among U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commis=

disenrage and human exposure.

white uranium miners to the en-ston, Annual Report, 1976 p.62 sected mortality (based on U.S.

Under NEPA and the guidelines 2494 whitemales) was about 4 for botn established by the Council on Michael Baram, former prof. at C'93"***

5' Environmental Qualty, NRC must MIT Harvard Journal on Legis-evaluate the full range of anti-lation, 1977 p. 913

,502 cioated environmental effects---

The legislative mandate of NEDA pHENUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, Union of both radiological andnon-radio-should compel the EPA to under concerned scientists, 1975 p.

21 logical---that may result f rom take radiation surveys and evalua-

"From a preliminary report in I?62 each proposed major action and tions in site review for greater it appeared that smong 907 wNite must concare these with the protection of heatlh and the uranium miners with more than 3 environmental consequences environment.

fearsunderground experience, of available alternatives to seatns fremresotratory cancer (6 that actton.

Each decision to 3495 deaths) were occurring at nearly e

grant or deny a license must be Michael Barim, former prof. at 5 times the normal rite."

based on a balancing of en-MI., Harvard Jour 981 on Legis-vironmental, economic, technical l a ti on, 1977 p.

914:

2503 and other benefits against "NRC siting guidelines have not THE NUCLERA FUEL CYCLE, Union of environmental and other costs.,

prevented power plant siting in Concerned Scientists 1975 p.

21 -

areas of high pooulation density.

Further anal / sis of the data b/

2489 Thisproblem has been magnified.

.dagoner et al. In 1964 yielded U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission moreover, by the 'tRC's failure to Annual Report, 1976 p.

36:

observe its own siting guidelines."

y "hj',

"Cy {a an n

.he contingency planning staff C 3 "C" **'it'd "" "9 Y "gon'C3" of the NRC has, over the period 24960VR CHANGING WEATHER: FORECAST uranium ore miners.

ga er etal, of this report, worked to 0F DISASTER? Claude Rose, 1977 found that among 3656 wnite uranium developed a methodology for D.

137:

miners, 213 deaths dee 1etermining when a given

" Ineffective controls over obs uved comoared wit 5 1 4 8.,,

threat or situation should be nulceir materials cose i

• • C**

cerceived as serious. It has serious potential nazard to the also focused efforts on construct-oublic health and safety and even ing a base for the assessment aDoear to threaten the national of information from other security."

Federsi agenices."

2497 2490 BULLET.4 0F THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS Micnael 3aram, formerorof. at MIT 4/78 26 Ous Soeth:

HARVARD JOURNAL ON LESISLAT!01

" Gen *ralizations on the sources 1977 p.

912:

and.iature ofdelay in the licen-

"A number of statutes arpear to sirJ process are difficult to make; direct the EPA to develop strict th, circumstances of eacn specific standards *or ambient ra dia tion i'cident dif'er widelf.*

levels in teh evironment and to review nuclear power plant 1498 siting, construction, and THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, Unianof operation. But the record of Concerned Scientists, 1975 930 past EPA actions indicates that The present endistion protection it has yet to pursue its guide in uranium mines is 4WL"/

legislative mandate vigorously."

year. This corresponds to 200 rad over a 25-year work seriod 2491 and probably aooroahces the wic%iel 3aram, former of, at MIT doubling dose 'or lung cancer."

HARVARD JOURNAL ONLEGISLATION 1977 3.

?l7:

2499 "The EDA's power to set ambient THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, Union of radiation standards and review Concerned Scientists, 1975 p30 environmental decisions could be We suggest that cumulative life-used to fill a critical void in time (25 year) exposure in mining the present unclear regulatory snould not exceed 1/10 of that 1ose which is believed to induce process.

lung cancer in man or animals (acout 100 rad) and cert. inly should not exceed 1/10 of the spearent doubling dose (about 240 rad).*

143

2511 25i?

.e.g pyet ev" E Union NUCLEAR POWER TWE UNVIABLE "arvin Resnikoff. ENVIDONMEN7 Dec.

f Co ce'r e d S c i e N tE's t s, 19 75 sLTERNATIVE, Jonn Berger Nuclear 1376 o 17 (Sts** Scientist it 3at'ic Interest Grouo):

Consultant, Fafenos of tne he health of some 3400 white Earti, 1977 p.

74:

Sur calculations snow t5st and 730 shite (american indian "IN a natural ore body adner-a radioactive form of nickel

% 5II ly Jrinium miners das Ph"d

• Ii M of "*

"3 W*

I"

• C#

,ain,ow,)3 car.<2il< from o,

1950 3 ru d y sloa ue "In se of s t ru c t u"5 a'i' co"inue to less 'igo#% sly radiation. and rajon aas inu et t hazarocus loels of So 1963 and r

9 e envir m nt.

won ne or n indoeor ure uan one

< rom 1963 *o the present.

37 1973 in excess of about jgg 5 il e in o inely crusned 9illion yea rs, '

tail ngs sa H

at vanip respirat3ry malignancies d"

,,13 reported We es timate tha t the and thoriam can ce extracted.

2 excess of lung cancer deaths both radium and ridon can escape 1UCLEAR POWER: TdE UNVIAJLE from teh tai ALTERNATIVE, Jonn Berger, nuke g oat ease., ling heaps witi nmong the 60tal group of some 6000 consultant Friends of Oe Es m miners must be currently of the order of 250-300.

Predictions 1977 P-147'

,512 Nniel building and oeorst.ng o 600-1120 excess lung cancer a

NUCLEAR POWER: TWE UNVIABLE 31 ants, utilites have often con-deaths ultimately due to ALTERNATIVE, John Berger. Nuke veniently ignore d the eventual uis group. have been made for irradiation Consultant, Friends of the costs of entombing a reactor that Earth, 1977 p.

74:

is no longer seaviceable, or "When present in finely ground rstoring the radioactive reactor tailings, radium easilydissolves site to its original condition.

!in water

• Site restorition for a 1000 MW reactor nould cost about 570

1. 2513 million (in 1982 dollars).'

'LONG BEACH INDEPENDENT 5/4/73 (p. P8 Z4:

2519 arvin Resnikoff. Staff Scientist

• There are also some 50 million w

l cubic feet of radioactive tools at N.f.

Duolic Interest Research

'clothign and worn-out ?achinery 3roup at SUNY, ENVIRONMENT, jnow stored at six ' low-leevel' Dec. 1976 p.

26:

inuclear burial grounds, and 140

' Entombment o f a decomissioned million tons of radioactive nuclear reactor cannot be

'tsilings from uranium minig, relied upon to endure for a much of it lef t at exposed, niilion years; a reactor E'J.S.NuclersRegulatoryCommis-500 abandoned sites in the West."

4111 eventually b dismantled, sion, Annual Report, 1977 p.

either by geologgical activity or accidental human inter-69

• Tke NRC has undertaken a study THE SILENT 30MS, Peter Faulnker vention."

of the scecial f?atures of nuclear consultant for Friends

[

radioactive matertsl transport--

of the Earth, 1977 p.

196 2520 under both normal and accident The operation, maintenance and L.A.

Times, 5/2/73 ot. ! 319 conditions-- in large Jensely decontamination of nulcear power The House Governmetn Joeestions populated areas that will result plants requires ever-increasing committee said the cost o' disaant.

in a generic gewironn ntal 1-mact exposure of personnel to ever-

.ing i nucles* : ower plant ret: tor statement '" the tesnsport of increasing levels of esdiation, after its useful life of 30 to radionuclides in urban environs.

Even normal operation and main-20 years could be as high is 51 The stJdy will evalua e the tenance requires increased Dersonel billion per plant, and the Costs e f f e :: t s. including radiological radiation exposure, having increas-should be reflected in utili ty ed from an aversge 133 man-rem bills.*

safety, of characteristics Seculiar to large cities, such per year in 1969 to an average ss nign oopulation density, 544 man-ren per year in 1973.

2521 local *eter31ogy, and numerous

.his increased exoosure to L.A. Werald Examiner, 4/g/73 A13 Dersonnel in order to operate After 30 years of nulcear oower tall buildings.*

and maintain a plant is further development, tecinology to dis-complicated by a number of tech-

,antle i 1sege commercial enctor b'5 3 9 nical retrofits, and more ps not yetbeen demonstrated.

.5.

1.R.C.

Annual Reoort 1977 radiationexposure is required

.e9 cost of dismantling sacn s 3,

333 for safety impromv m nts."

nactor are also still unknown.'

• NRC is developing stnadards dealing with shipment of radio-2515 2522 L.A.

erald Examiner, 3/21/73 ACCESS TO E1E*4GY, Dr. Peter 3eckmann an r o

p. A15:

Of. elec, eng., Univ. of Colorado, "A nulcear power plant has a 4/1/75 p.

2:

2510 life span of 30 years. When it "A, Time t_o, Choose, has now been NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE is worn out its central opeenting excertiy, ex naus t1 <ely and deva-ALTERNATIVE, Jonn 3erger, con is a MgMy esMoacMve staung!y nonted in a critt we Nuclear Consultant, Friends mass whien nonsents ue same called M N n u C3 W se by 10 of the Eartn, 1977 s. 70:

heal u and safety orablem ss gutstancing scn6 Tars.

A me to

• Tallying tne voluem of uranium spent fue.

.eh cost of decom-whoose,' says UCLA economics tailings that will be produced 9 u ng and dismantling nucles" m'ssor AlcM an, ' ente-De Li-if the U.S. nuclear industry power slants is estimated in the ness 3cok fo lorld Records f o r,o s t expands as olanned. Pohl's work rage of $60-5100 million. But errors of economic analysis and imolfes that over a thirty 'twan vear W sctual cost is still a my-

1. 3ct in one book."

And ] of 3eriod, an aversge of more a thousand people per year would "O t 7't t" 'd OC"'5I'" 00litIC3l 20i*iit 8

to dismantle a inege 9ulcear oower Rike"

'T5is kind o' ideology is die f rom tiorium-induced cancers, clant. And wnat to do witn used to justify the existence of 3ut the ann:a1 ef'ects would De radioactin material in it.

3 planned society anich works, if keep sccumulating until more is still snother unsolved it works it all, only in the con-3erished..illion people nad engineering 3 roble 9 text of a police state.'*

than 11 m 144

2532 2(23 NUCLEAR 304ER: THE UNVIABLE SECURING REACTOR SAFETY 03JEC?VES IN TEd 'mCLEAR PO4ER 700 GRAM 400LO.

ALTER 9ATIVE John Berger.

I WIDE. Joseon M.

w norie, che,.

e Nuclear Consultant. Friends of tne Earth, 1977 p.

71 of acclied science at the

1. 3r.

ofman and Dr. Tamolin 3rocknaven National Laboratory had

• veyed the literature on I??5 3 3 13:

The EAsmussen study shows that low-owse radiation. including AEC studies, and condudcted the radiological consecuences to research of their own.

A the public of a core = melt clear and Jnequivocal linear accident are strongTy decendent I

the =cce o' *efease o' fission on correlation emerged between cancer and radiation, extending Dreducts from the contai9 ment.

even to ti1y doses. T5e Oesigns might well be developed researchers also concluded that f or containments tha t would sJo-if the U.S. public were stantially reduce teh off-site actually exposed to the allow.

effects of core. melt accidents.*

able radiation limits set by 2533 tne AEC, 32,000 additional cancer, plJs leukemia deaths.

SECURING REACTOR SAFETY OBJECTIVES and a large number of addi.

IN THE 1U~. EAR POWER PROGRAM WORL3 tional geneti'c ally induced WICE, Joseph M.

Hendrie, chr9n of acolied science at the 3rookhaven deaths mould result.*

i National Laboratory 1975 s. 343 2524

'here is the furtner consideration NUCLEAR POWER: THE "NVIABLE j

thatthe results of the study are ALTERNATIVE, John Berger, nuke based on the designs of two s:eci fic

{

tlants, one PWR and one 3WR, that consultant. Friends of the Earth. 1977 p.

33:

l cate from 1966. Later platns have

• 0r.

00fman has claculated that 1

improved safety features and future with a thousand 1000 MW plants l

plants. profiting

• rom the coerat-assumed operating, their j

ing experience of present units and routeine raot ation will give from the operating experience of nuclear plant workers a prsent units and from contineud radiation does that is the reactor safety research, should include further imorovements."

genette equivalent of giving i

8 millirems to the entire (teferring to Rasmussen study]

population. That is eight tiems the allowable dose SECURING REACTOR SAFETY OBJECTIVES limit recommend by the IN THE NUCLEAR PC'aER P ROGR AM WORLD 3E!R study, and it is W!OE, Joseph 'i. wendrie, chrmn c' applied sciences at the 3rockhaven sixteen times the dose the l

Natf anal Laboaratory 1976 3.

347 nulcear power industry has said the oublic wi-1 get It is worth notning that the Ras 9usse from a fully developed nuclear study shows the total probability

-- 8 of core 9elting for both OWRs economy.*

~

and 3WRs to be consioerself nigner 2525 2530 than had been judged previously to THE SILENT SCM3, Peter Faulkner Robert Kaper, THE NATIO1 De the case, based almost entirely nulcear consultant for Friends 3/5/77 p.

267 on consideration of large accident of the Earth 77 o.

121 The EPA wnile cautionino,that secuences.

2543

• low-level alpha radiation it lacks *5e hard data to make

' rom insoluble radioactive definite or Nictions of the 2544 lead-210 particles in cigarette health haza'ds from radioactive ENERGY. Jesse S. Doolittel, of smoke may be the crimary agent pollution, nas concluded that its emeritus Dept. of "echanical and responsible for branchial ef fect on 3 Jblic will be'sig-Aerospace Engineering 1.C.

S ta te cancer in smokiers and that low nificant' aid ' Da r ti cu l a rly University 1977 p.

102:

level radiation iay play a large' for certain kinds of

• The AEC initiated a two year major role in arterioscl jesis radioactiva substances.*

!rogram uder the direction of crofes-and heart disease.'

sr Norman C. Rasmussen as the yaclear 2531 engineering department at MIT The Robert Kaper, the NATION, report. a very thorough one and 3/5/77 p.

257 costing about three million dollars.

The EPA predicts that by the was delivered in August 1974 It year 2000 if current standards contains 11 voluesm. In I

are maintained. 'olanned releases' spite of charges of critics that of radioactive SJbstances will have the report must be biased in accounted for accroximately favor of the AEC. there is no 14,000 ' health effects' (cancer evidence to show that the AEC and birth defects). But as the exerted cressure on ten ec9mittee agency itself points out, the to come ao with a favorsble recort.

projection is based on 91nimum estimates of future raditaion 2545 release by only a portion of the TWE HEALTH HAZARDS OF NOT 00!NG nulcear industry. The esitmateas NUCLEAR, Dr. 8eter Seckman, do not include the inevitable Fellow. IEEE. a. 53 1976:

leakage fremradioactive easte The Rasmussen re pe a t involved 60 contamination resulting from investigators, various consultants,

total of 70 man-years of e'#srt, accidents and fromradon gas.

a responsible for a type of cancer and about 5 million. Though soon-that is nearl 100t fatal. and sored by the AEC, the scientists radioactive dust released and engineers norking on the during uranium mining."

study came from a variety 3f organizations, including the AEC, private laboratories. and univer-si ti e s.

• 145

s a c e, N 3 ], [,, [ h h -~.

E EALTa HAZARDS OF NOT 30!N3 EAR POWER:

7"E JNVIA3tE NUCLEAR, Or. Peter Beckman, ALTERNATIVE, John Ser ;e r, p,3 3 j, j m 3,

p.

1775 p.

68; Nuclear consultant, Friends The assess ent of reactor accident

• Large digital comouters processed of the Earth, 1977 p.

5.-

,,9 g

g y, j g g vast data banks of information; Applying the Rasmussen tecnniques for esa= ole 1A0,000 oossible to one carticular sequance 35 failures 'JtJre, including the n e u t - c e a e e s t ', :

,;g g

combina*. tons of endicact've would oCCJr 3nIf once in ta/

j,,q qq)

. g g

.g

• elease magnitude, weather type, billions of reactor-fears,

fet,

'afinnda r

o N on in risk and pooulations e<30 sed were at ltenst 'ifteen suc9 accide9ts,,

estimation t h a' t I c;

,,,,,9,qc,

,,tse1 s i 39 ro evaluated to calculate the health have already occur *e1 in tha U.S.

39, ty g,

,,,qt effects and their Drocabilities f37,n,cn,jgg 93 333,33,3,,

in a nuclear accident. The two basic tec nioues (' fault 2551

]5'y'j,,g,g,'

3 trees' and ' event trees') used NUCLEA,t POWER: THE 'JNVIABLE g

ci,nc,, 4fjj77 by the group have oroved tneir ALTERNATIVE, John Be*1er,

, 43 worth in assessing system Nuke Consultant, Friends of ne kasmussen report en reactor re11 abilities in NASA and the the Eartn, 1977 o. 50 sa'ety ' seriously underestimates' vepartment of Defense; tney Recent events have tended t3 uncertainties and has tethodologica' have also been usec for decades confirm the UC2 analysis. aring flaws that could make its estimate in 3reat Britain, where the the ECCS hearings, the AEC had of accident hazards low by a predictions of system reliabili-conceded that a steam generator factor of 500'*

ties were found to be close to ruptJre could disable the the observed values; if anything ECCS. But the commission had 2553 the techniques tend to over-contended that such an.ic c i d e n t ENE2M 2"SC'JRCES l 30L!CY' 1973 estimate the danger of f ailure.'

was so unlikely it could be dis-21 W rd br# 'JC0 avi s 32 5 3

[In reference to the Rasmussen counted. No sucn rupture had

7,ggc3 nf g,n q,33333,y 333, study].

ever occurred., hen on reb.

5, pointout that tne charts desict 1975, steam generator piping oniv the early 'a tali ties tha t 25A7 ruptured at Wisconsin Electric,s would occur w'ithin ime ash, ort,*jnny,n, WILLIAM Anders CONGRESSIONAL Point Beach plant at Lake Michi-

,, j,

,ft,r g,,,c;33,,g, Digest../77 o. 52:

gan, forcing the plant to close 3,j,j,3,atalities caused by cancer she rasmussen report exanined a myth._ spelling yet and di anotner AE.

in tne area downwind of a resctor series of low-probability, high-accident.*

consequence accidents---large fi res, major esp;osions, commer-2552 2H3 cial aircraft crasnes, dam NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE f ailures and major chlorine ALTERNATIVE, John 3erger, Nuke AL.3ANY LAW REVIEW' # il5U 1977 3255 releases, and found tabt 100 of Consultant, Friends of the dO",

"55'"

not consider the oossibility 3.

tnday's nulcese powerplants--

Earth, 1977 p.

53:

Y.e ' r'"

• i s t Id

""5 CSUS'd DY about twiec e as many as are

• Fault-tree analyses had been sabotage or outright r or presently in operation---

misused by the RSS group in their attack upon i sowerplant, snether would contribute only one ten-attempt to allay the public's 58 5 ayer md h W thousandth of the total risk to growing fears of catastroonic nuc ear,uel cycle.

society from these other sour-nuclear accidents. N RSS ces.

No other electrical generating used fault-tress to derive source has been studied so absolute nume*ical risk 2560 Frank ri l o ce l ' 3u11etin,o,f c e.c en 1..q,

eb. 19.

o.

o ously, ne.onp tem eme-cloself or regulated so tigntly estimates purporting to shew that 2

or has beenso free of impact the risks of serious accidents 0"'"C'S C# 5

CI8P 8C Id'"t thit on the public.*

are negligible."

caused 10 early f a tlai ties would 25AS 2553 be considerably greater than the IIk'IY I O "l' I' "

03"5'0"C'S 50VEA<ING SV, Richard B. Mancke NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE o i me* eor imoact ghten caused 1]

1976 p.

78:

ALTE' NATIVE, Jonn Berge". Nure early fatalities.

.o equate these

• In nacen 1975, just a few Consultant. Friends of the montns after release of Earth, 1977 p. 59:

tweennts, as tne Rasmusse eeoort dId' IS th'"'f0"'

"I0hl? 'ISIiidi"9-preliminary drafts of the Ras-

• While still in its draft form, mussen Report, a fire cause by the RSS's numerical conclusions 3561 a careless worker at a nulcear were suostantively challen1ed by F*ank Hiopel* 3alle; on o',

3.

7,tomic Scientists, "eo.

olant owned oy tne TVA forced seversi nuthorities. The

'S r

197, A.:

the.nutdown v7 two giant reac.

EPA said the draft's estim.tes t was for such raasons that the

'ses.

This disasu casts on deaths and injuries resulting serious doubt on ten vc11dity of from nuclear accidents were about American ohysical society Light the Rasmussen conclusions.*

ten times too low.

The UCS JAter Reactor Safety Study cocluded in its review of found the draft casualty figures the NRC s draft seactor Safety 25A9 sixteen times too low.

NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE Study (RSS) noo d :

ALTERNATIVE, John Berger, 255A 3Ased on our n eerience with W iems of this naure involving nulcear consultant Friends of Joel vellin, george Washington the Earth, 1977 c. 59:

LR, 9/77, prof. of social science very low crobabili ties, we do not now nave confidence in the

'According to Lovins, the fee.

at MIT:

eMse y calculited absd ne cuency of real-life reactor

• Past determinations of tme low values of necrobabilities.'

accidents absolute refutes the orobability of catastrohoic hypothetical probabilities accidents are i' fact neither

,562 computed by the Rasmussen supMrted by data nor cased on t ank H m1

• M i d n 9 A W "-

grous.

.he RSa data and metho-

. apted scientific metntw ioq eI.cientists, Feb.

1977 :. A o.

dology yield absur1 results eh APSgrouo found that tne RSa anen used to predict the likelf-2;55 a gMssif JnMMs@sted De

}wnole body' nood of major multiple ' actors Christopher Hohennser, SCIENCE, radi s tion dose to wnich have actually occurred."

A/l/77 o 30 The assessment of estast-comic the Docula tion downwino by neglect.

\\.

reactor risk can vary widely' ing Me ose con endtoa e isnd contamination after the irst day, f*om a soint far below other risks to a point that exceeds a number of risks that 9any consider significant 1A6

2563 2563 2a75 Franu Hippel Bulletin of Atomic NUCLEA2 201ER: THE JNVIABLE Joel 'ellin, orof. of sects!

Scientists 2/77 p.

As:

ALTERNATIVE, John 3ercer Nune science it MIT. GEORSE 4A3H10NGTON

'ine APS 1roup found that the Consultant Friends of tie L2 9/7? The recent NRC study, 1854 ?s00 the uncertainties in et1t ation tse to ten flungs Earth.

• 27'. 61 from innaled andioactivity was rinatty, profe-sce assaussen t*e or:basility esti-stes are ommitted entirely in the draft himself *ss acknow'eoge1 tant cloaked in a mat %ematics) formula Rasmussen report as a cause fundament?a tesian errors 'n nnving no basis in physica1 of cancer.*

safety systems Could iot bs Pellity ortdicted by the RSS because ther 2S64 are currently unknown.

Such 2576 Trink dippel bulletin of errors mere resoonsible 'er many THE SILE1T 30MB, peter Faulkner stomic scientists 2/77 p.

46:

Atlas missile test f ail Jres and nuci ear consultant, Friends of "The ApS group found that the for many resctor fs11 ares.'

the Eartn 1977 p.

147:

• Component f ail ure interdependen-number of thyroid tumors ahich would result from the imnalation 2570 cies are not included. RSS assumes of rdaiofodine nad been SCIENCE, 4/1/77 p.

30 Christooner the fatture of one piece of Clark Universit equipment ts independent of feliures severely underesti9ated (in Hohenemser,in the [Rasmussen)y:

elsewhere.

However, fesqments from teh Rasmussen report).'

'As used RSS, progability and fault-tree in explosion in one area may 2565 analysis do not dent with certair.

damage other pieces of equfpeent."

Frank Hippel, Bulletin of types of human eror,r such is Atomic Scientists, 2/77 s. 47 willful acts and sabotage.

2577 5econd, we need a study which The RSS is, in eect. s statistical THE S: LINT 30M3. Peter Fauk16ee can take the findings of the study of a perfectly designed nuclear consultant, Friends of RAsmus'sen recort, as corrected machine, with the oniy source of the Eneth, 1977 p.

147r and extended and put them into failure lying in the statistical "Designdeficiencies tre not a more balanced persoective malfunction of compements and snaly:ed. In the serospace tuttable for policy-making, statistically quantifiable opers-

• issile program, a 1arle per-Despite the recent proliferstion tor errors.*

centage of the test failures of studies of nuclear issues, it were due to design error, ratner appears that there is no group 2571 than to equipment malfunction.

amich is actually carrying out MULCEAR POWER THE UNVIABLE RSS assumes no design problems and this imcortant step.*

A L 1 ' ' 4 a.. '.' F, J o h n Berger, Nuke that accidents occur only tnrough Consultant, Friends of tne equi pmen t mal f unc tion.

• 2566 Earth, 1977 p.

60 Frank Hippel, Bulletin of It would be wisest to adopt the Atomic Scientsts, 2/77 p.

47:

most cautious available risk 25787HE HEALTH HAZAROS OF NOT IN summary, then, the RS: report estimate---one in 10,000 per GOING NUCLEAR, Peter 3eckman, has assembled a great dest of reactor year. With 1000 reactors 1976

p. 63:

• A nuclear accident would result usef ul material and analysis; in opration the chances of a but its conclusions are major accident then become one in uo to 100,000 deatha and the presented in a ghthly mislesdin in ten per year, destruction of an ares the size of Pennsylvania. Ralch Nader, form.

Furthermore, the report dces not orovide the information 2572 address to the Joint Session of th required f or siting decisions.

N2clese power: The Unviible Wassachusetts Legislature March And, finally, the report has Alternative Jonn Bergee, Nuke 21, 1974.'

severely damaged not only the consultant, Friends of teh 1RC's credibility but also its Earth, 1977 p.

60 2579 regulstory leverage."

The RSS simply did not consider THE SILENT 30MB, Peter Faulkner some crucial aspects of reactor nuclear consultanc for Friends of 2557 safety. The studv tid not the Eartn, 1977 p.143 THE HEATL4 uAZARDS OF NOT assess the effects of an accident "Deltberate sabotage is not con GOING NUCLEAR, Peter 3eckman, on the mole US population, only sidered. The RSS authors reoly Fellow. IEEE 3 E 9 1976 :

the risks to the 15 millionpeople that the orobability of a

• The UCS bemosned the fact within twenty miles of the successful act of sabotage cannot that they did not have the one hudnred nuclear reactors be estimated snd that the Rasmussen group's 54 million that are expected to be in consequences nout.d not exceed the to refute their report.

David oenration by 1930.

Sur radioac-targest calculated 'o r o ther Oinsmore Comey came up with a tive sol 1Jtans do not recognize accidnet events. Therefore, number flatly contradicting such artifiical boundaries.*

consideration of sabotage would the Rasmussen study by a factor add nothing to the study. The of 3000.*

2573 critics feel unsatisfied by this SOUEAKING BY, Richard B. Mancke response esoecially in light of 2563 1976 p.

73:

the recent announcement by NRC THE SILENT 30MB PETER >-JLKNER

• The experts also disagree about tant at 99 times since!)59 1977 p.

153:

the damage likely to result from incidents of threats or violence

• The critics tesitifed that these a reactor accident. For example, were directed it licensed unexpected oroblems cast a sail the Rasmussen Reoort calculates nuclear facilities and two over the validity of the that the release of radioactivity explosives charges were detonated Reactor Safety Study.

They would cause just 300 deaths from in a reactor in Eurooe by point to the number of times cancer; the Lewis recort estimates saboteurs.*

that breakdowns were caused by that cancer. would kill 10,000 Banmns May 29,1973 p.M improoge installation of equip-to 20,000.

Justice Oeot. Laywers note that the liabi1{

ment, inadequate quality issu-limitation covees centracters for the E.R...

rance, defective components, so W lown cwt alMg ay U scou g design errors, and outrignt private carticipation in such stomic energ ereors, compared to the RSS sctivities as basic research and neapons assumptions of essentially cer-14 7 develcoment and production,

1. ect 30eration until a comoonent ffailed, and of perfect design and construction.'

2530 2586 2592

• WE $! LENT 30"B, ?eter Faulkner TWE dEt'(u aszas;$ Sr t0? gg*1g 1UCLEso 30NEQ.

THE UNVIA3LE nuclear consultant for Friends NUCLEAR, Peter 3ecaman, prof. elec ALTERNAT!VE. Jo9n 3erger, nuie of the Earth, 1977:

eng., Colorado, 1975 n133 censultant 'or Friends o' the Two scientists at the AEC's

• ?lutontam is neimarily an Earth. 1977 s.

13A:

Lawre9ce Liver

• ore Laboratory aloma emitter, wnien means that

• A large diffusion enrien*ent ouantified this fear.

Dr.

its radiation is acosrbed in the plant would cost 53.5 billion, John Oofman and Or. Arthur air after a 'ew incnes, a9d s and it would draw colossal e-ounts Tamolin announce3 that if all sreet o' oaoer is sJicie9t to o' electric powea.

Seve#al 9ew Americans were annually exposed shield oaesel' igainst fts cadia-enricament olants 94ght be needed to 170 91111 rems of radiation, tion at close cuarters. :: is to meet the nuclear power there woul1 De an increase of far feo9 being the most toxic industry *s urantum 'uel 32,000 deatns from cance-eacn substance known to aan

'i r e n needs.*

year.

They asked thtat the eaten or absorbed in ten blood AEC reduce the limits by a fac-stream, it is ten ti-es less toxic 2593 toe of ten."

than lead arsenate and hundreds of Joel Vellte, orof. of sccial thousands of tie 9s less toxic science at MIT, George dasniongton 2581 -

than some biological pois:ns La, august 1977 L.A. Times, 3/3/73 ot. II p.

6 such as diantheria or botulism "As the 1957 Wash 400 recort "No observable differences toxin.*

makes clear, nowever, its princisa betaten populations exposed 2587 focJs was an evaluation of acci=

to background radiation of ACCESS TO ENERGY, Dr. Peter dent consecuences; the authors.

about 100 millicads per year 3eckman, fellow IEEE 1977 attempted no detailed analysis of and thoseexposed to 10 or 20 August 1, s. 3:

the associated pa babiliites. The times as much have ever been

" Gamma rays, such as are emit-report's probabili y estimates ted from spent fuel rods of were strongly q-al+ ed by the caves!

noted.' _ _ _

nulcear plants will kill codents that 'these numoers cave no and insects without in anyway iemonstrable basis in fact.

Fur-affecting the food.

Experiments thermore, these AEC estimates were l

by tne US Army and in Japan based on the beliefs of a minority nave snown that wnere food 5 of anonymous experts, many of spoilage was 305, it can be reudced whose colleagues declined to to under lot by controlling rodents estimate the probabilities in and insects in this way.'

question."

2533 2594 v llin, orof. of social POTENTIAL ENERGY, Joel e

j Michael Kinward, Tech. Editor science at MIT, GEORGE WASHIONGTON 1

New Scientist, 1976 p.

110 LR, August 1977

" Actinide elemeats could be "The probability calculations of 2583 carned into reactor fuel so that WASH 1400 have been sharply THE HEALTd HAZARDS OF NOT GOING tney could be irradiated and criticized by this writer and NUCLEAR, Dr. Pe-

- Beckman, transmuted into shorter-lived others, on the ground that im-Fellow. IEEE.

).

• 1975 fission products. Nuclear in-portant formulas used in the

(

The internat onal *ammission on cineration, as this technique study have no scientific basis Radiological Protection has set is known, is conceptually and misrepresent the large un-500 mrems as the maximum simole.*

certainties in the statistical oeamissible innual dose that an calculations.*

ind+vidual Mould receive. The 2589 figure is conservative, i.e.,

Max Eliason CR 4/3/76 55141 2595 on the safe side, as is the cas

" Construction of a new

• HE HEAL!R HAZAR05 0F NOT GO!NG with all such standards."

uranium enriching plant will take NUCLEAR, Peter Beckcan, Fellow a long and, depending on its IEEE, 1976 p.

76 design, could cost more than $6 The danger of a meltdown does billion.*

not come from teh chain reaction that releases the bulk of the 2590 energy in a power plant, it comes OUR ENERGY FUTURE, Science and from the fission products. And Public Policy Porgram of the Fermt I in October 1966, as pointed University of Oklahoma, 1976 out by Prof.

W.

Meyer of the p.

321:

University of Missouri, had not

• The cropsed EROA funding of $47 been in coration long enough to million in FY 1977 f o rsuppo r ting have sufficient fissioi coucts centrifJge research is (used fuel) to adnergo

'eltdown I

adequate. Thus the five year under any circumstances.

cost for enrichment 4010 is approximately $1.3 billion."

1 2591 NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE ALTERNAT!VE, John 3erger. Nuke Consultant, friends of the 2585 earth, 1977 c. 134:

NUCLEAR DOWER: THE JNVIABLE

• ERDA Geouty Administrator s bert o

ALTERNATIVE, John 3erger, Nuke Fri has estimated that to meet consultatn, Friends of the Earth current domestic and foreign 1977 p. 69:

enriennent reouirements, the

• !n early 1977 the EPL did US should soend $30 billion by establish new, lower standards building up to twelve new enrich-for radioactive emissions from ment plants. Wall Etreet Journal the nuclear industry. The reporter Jonatnan Kwitny states 19 tent of the new rules is to that the cost of exoanding s' '

orotect the public from receiving nuclear fuel production will be 9ere than 25 mrem oer year,

~ closer to $60 billion."

wnole-body exposure."

jag

537

Cl

?"C6 aCCE;; T) ENERGY, Jr. Peter Beckri-THE dE1Lia 4AZAP05 0F NOT GOI1G Frank Hippel, onystcis: in prog.

NUCLEAR, Peter Secuman, IEEE, on nuclese po;1cf altarnatives at

f-elec-

• • 7..

Uni'-

Sf Col)ri M.

1976 p.

50:

Princeton university, SULkETIN OF All/ 73 3.

4:

In Oetroit in October 1966 ATOMI; Sc;EN!;;TS, Feb. 1977 p45 tNeressed cancer incidence et a metal plate brone loose in joel fellin nas made this point nuclese power as1 weapons 31snts the Fermt I re ac to r, itpartiall /

very effectively in nts encellent is a reptitious chi *ge t*st his blockeo tne flow of Coolant to review of tne Resctor Cafet/ Stud /

5o Isr Sld3's *Jen'I oJI *; !?

two out of 100 fuel assembifes, report For ere of two ensm les totslly Jof0 Jade 1.

I5e Intest J ven in that recort, Yellin s ch canard comes from U of so tnat these two overneatei i

and some of their fule 9el ed-averaged over wind 2irections Ptttsburgh Prof. wancuso ano There wis no dffficult/ in around 11fferent nuclese oower ofint neajej s roofect on Ica-ie<1 promotly shutting sown the sites and found twat tae 3,erige ridistion, wnicn aftea la /*ses reactor, and all safety syste95 numeer of early fatalities enanged ins 56 million of tsxpaya s' worked exactly as planned.

more than s thousindfold when he monef produced exactly notnin1 The reactor was later reostred moved from the reactor site at When Mancuso was informed 11 Marc

• and resumed operation.*

diseasset waine, to the one at 1)75 that his contract would not Zion, Illinois.*

be renewed in l}76, ho fired 2593 his research assistant Dr. San THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE, Union 2602 2ers, Stred two notoriously of Concerned Scientists, 1975 ACCES5 TO ENER1f, Dr. Peter Beckman anttanuclear 3ri ti sh researeners p.

103 pf. elec. eng., Univ. of Colorado and with unwont speed publicised The director of ten Oak 11dge 7/1/76 p.

2:

a report using Jtterly unscienti fi Reactor Safety Program siad

'The rupture of the Teton dam in methods to produce a report at in 1971 that in view of these Idaho in June toca the lives )f last.*

esperimental studies of flow 1] people who died for 20 44 of clockage ne doubted t5 tat the hydroelectrte power.

A nuclear 2607 ECC0'would perofr, tneir inten-plant would nave prodaced 53 times ACE 55 TO ENE1GY.Dr. Peter 3eckmto ded function.

Detailed know-as muci power with a probability Fellow, IEEE 12/1/77 p. 4:

ledge of flow blocaage effects of killing to people one thousand is missing and further experi-times smaller. The h/droelecteic

[Or, Sternglass] remain [s] the only mental stuftes will be required plant, now Jone, cost less tnan suci Derson to nave noted an be fore it can be resol ved. '

!20 million, but the fanage was increased infant mortality in 51 billion.*

the neichbormood of nulcear plants.

2539 THE SILENT 3049 Peter Faulkner 2603THE HEaLIH HAZARDS OF NOT 10tNG 2603 nulcear consultant for Friends NGCLEAR, Peter 9eckman, Fellow, THE HEALTH MA2ARDS 3F NOT GOING if the Earth 1977 o. 139:

IEEE, p.

70, 1976:

NUCLEAR. Dr. Peter Beckman, Felloa

" Nuclear power proponents note

• The Rasmussen study outs tne IEEE o.

139 1976:

that, even though there Nave most Itkely property damage to For example, while US safety stan-been seme malfunctions at reactors the public in a core melt it 51 dards reuaire that a 'Not' par-and some safety devices have million."

ticle of 31utonium de considere3 failed, tnere have been enough to deliver a dose of 3.3 mre9s/

back-uo systems so that no 2604 year, Drs. Tamplin and Cochran radioactive material has evern LIVING IN THE ENVIRO 1*ENT:

calculate tne pertinent Jose been released which imperiled CONCEPT 5, PROBLEMS, AND ALTER-to be 4,000,100 mre s/ year, and tne public.

Proponents sttri-NATIVES, G. Tyler Miller, Jr.

white the minute discrepancies bute this good safety record to of. Huntn Ecology, St Andrews pr.jicteo by Einstein's theorv vigorous regulation and good College, 1975 p.

E79:

provoked scientis ts into Meated design.

An independent

• The NAS concluded that some debates, a discrepancy by a study of res-tor safety by the of Gofman and Tamolin's assump-factor of more than 13,000,000.'

merican Physical Society con-tions are ques tionable.

But they clucied that not enough sws still estimated t9at exposure of

'aown about certain reactor our entira secul a ti on to 177 conditions and emergency millfrems would result in in system performance to verify estimated 3000 to 15,000 extra tnat the design issumotions deaths per year and would cause were in all cases conserva-between 1100 and 27,000 lenetic tive."

2efects and cancers per year, resulting in s St incresse in 2600 the nation's til health.*

THE SILENT 30MB, Peter Faulkner, nuke consultant with Friends 2605 of the Earth 1:'7 p.

142:

THE HEALTH HAZARDS OF NOT GOING

• American Phys 1%al Society NUCLEAR, Peter Beckman Fellow, concludes that: Despite IEEE, 1976 o. 141:

qualitative indications of "Dr.

Sternglass' allegations made general conservatism within in several forms have in each the ECC5 Acceotance Criteria, instance been analyzed by scien-we feel that the experimental tists, shysicisna dn bio statis-fata tre not adequate to de-on-ticians in the Federal Go v e rnme n t ;

strate convincingly that the to individual states tnat aave integrated ECCS systems been involved in nis re: ort, and ef fects are conservatively by cualifted scientists in otner prescribed, even if all of countries. 41thout exceptions, the individual peices were these agencies and scientists nave demonstrated to be independent-concluded that Or, Ster 9 glass' ly conservative (which they are not substantiated by the tata have not been).

Therefore, he presents. The USDHS, the EPA, any meaningful quantitative tne States of NY, Michigan, Penn-evaluation of system effective-sylvsnia, and Illinois iave issued mess or of the ECCS safety forma reports in rebuttal to margin, must depend upon the 3r. Sternglass' arguments. We adequacy of the system the Presidents and Osst Dresidents analysis Codes.

At this time of the Helti Physics Society 30 none of us has been convinced not agree with the claim of Jr.

that tei current gener3 tion of

$terngless.*

codies is adequate to this purpose.'

149

2631 2636 CHRISi0pdER Honenemser, prof.

Christooner Hohenemser, orof. :nysics, anysics, Clark U.

$1cence cisrk University. $CIENCZ 4/1/77 p29 4/1/77 232:

"Jelayed cancers accese as s

'It is now becoming clear that 1*. annaal contributsi:ntto a the egulation of nulcear safety cre-etistin; nonnulcese cancer is imaese1 of tre lar;e ca: ital risa.

Tq1s is stattset:sity an investments requieed

?"ese andetectable e*fect; htus for ene investments go beyond the initial ratner hign-:ansequence nuclea*

captal (wnicn accroacnes $1 accident 170 additional cancers billion per plant).

For example.

are expected, for an annual total the official investigative recor incidence of 17,000."

on a fire in the plant at 3reans Ferry, Alabama, called for 19eroved 2637 fire prevention designs and noted NUCLEAR 30WER: THE UNVIA3LE tnat retrofittin a would cost ALTERNATIVE, Jonn 3erger, Nuke between $100 and $300 million Consulstant, Friedns of the per olant.*

Earth, 1977 c. 70:

• Sofman commented, '3at since the 2632 lung cancer cases caused by Pu NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE exposure do not carry any fing ALTERNATIVE, John Berger, Nuke tnat tells as that these carti-

'ank.' tant, Friends of the calar cases are the ces caused by Earth, 1977 p.

145:

olutonium eaposure, the abused "The U.S.

insurance industry, statement is possible that 'I even after forming a 'gool' don't know anytody that's died as of companies to spread the mone-a result of esposure to plutonium, tary rists of providing accident do you?"

coverage, would offer individual utilities no more than $110 2633 in coverage.---only 23% of the NUCLEAR P0 DER: TWE "NVIASLE ALTER-arbitrary federal limit."

NATIiE Jonn Berger. Nuclear con-sultant, Friends of the Earth 77 p149 2633 "If the radiation does to the NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE V.S.

oooulation were only 100 ALTERNATIVE, John Berger, Nuke millirads, the genetic healtn Consultant, Friends of the effects alone---mutations and Earth, 1977 p.

67 deformities-would eventually l

cost $10 billion per year, over the fatality rate among' lung a period of genera tions." -

cancer victims is about 95L Using a new and improved 2639 model of Pu benavior in the OUR ENERGY FUTURE, Study by lung along with the fact Science and Puolic Policy Program Univ tnat reactor Pu is 5.4 times of0kla. 1376 p.

360 more hazardous than plutoniu9 "One calculation found that a reacteor in weacons fallout. Dr. Gof9an accident,,nien aould cause 10 concluded that.011 micrograms early fatalities, wo u l d also cause of reactor plutonium deposited 7000 cancer deaths 2000 genetic in the lung is enougn to produce defects, and 60,000 thyroid-tumor lung cancer in a cigarette-cases.*

smoking male.

That, by the way, is 295 trillionths of an 2640 ounce. One pound of reactor NUCLEAR DOWER: THE UNVIABLE plutonium, therefore, contains ALTERNATIVE, John Berger, Naka more tnan 42 billion of such lang Consultant, Friends of the Earth cancer doses!"

1977

p. 23:

"The estimates of the 3rookhaven 2534 Report in seme respects were :an-NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVI43LE servattve. Teh ecort issume ALTERNATIVE, John 3erger, Nuke that an accident occurred i r, a Consultant, Friedns of the reactor thirty miels from a city.

Earth, 1977 p.

67 Reactors are now eeing built twenty if the general US population four miles from NYC; twelve l

1s exposed to the 1976 federal miles from downtown Gary, Indiana; limits on plutonium exposure, ten miles from Philadelphia; more than seven million extra five 9iles from Trenton, NJ; lung cancers (above the sponta-and four miles from New London, neous cancer level) can be ex=

Connecticut. The report's deatn sected over a thirty-year seriod til orojectiosn do not include among males in that generation.

Seaths 'com genetic defects and On an annual basis, this amounts latent cancers.*

to 235,000 extra lung cancers---

roughly a A00 increase.*

2635 NUCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE ALTERNATIVE, Jonn 3erger 77 393 ERCA now arojects that 3.3 million pounds of Pu will be oroduced commercially in the US by 2000.

One cound, if administered in finely dispersed particles to human lungs, is 9ere than enougn to give the entire human esce Cancer."

151

2'542 2547 2552 Joel fellin. orof. social science Frank Htopel. Dhysicist. Princeton 1UCLE4R POWER: THE JNM43LE at *IT. August 1977 F.co.

W.

LR:

Jniversity. Sulletin of tne 4tomi ALTER 14*IVE. Jonn 3erger. Me 04trignt fatalities of course.

Scientists, fed. 1977 344:

Consultant Friends 3f the represnt on1 one aspect of the "The 2asnussen report sions Earth. l?77 oJ5-social consecuences that would neither the most tmoortant "The AECupdating indicated that result f*om a catastroDhic reac-ccnsecuences of a reactor the worst possible accident could

<ffi 45.000 Seople, 'Nure tor accident. Jtdescreed acciJent nor the great uncer-illness ur nonfatal injury, tainties in tne calc 21sted pro-100.000, and to $17 billion 1s s;e fear of future death due to the Dabilities of their occurrence.'

(in 1365 dollars). Lani-use restrfctions mtgnt persist for long-term effects o esitation.

and pubi te reaction agains t the 2643 five nundred jears townwind o' technology involved would all Amory Lovins, physicist. UC the acci1ent througnout an area t9e contribute to social disruption."

3erekely. George dashington site of Pennsylvants.*

LR. 441ust 1377 p.

321*

2643 In the real world, the lowest 2653 Joel Yellin. George Washington regions of tne cause-effect Christopher dohenemser, prof. o' law Review. August 1977 curve are the most relevant.

physics. Clark University SCIENCE

'I b.heWASH 740 (The Brookmaven report.-

'"d "I I'

' I"#0"'tI*"

C'"

' Observed multiple malfunctions usually be derived only from statistical dati.

Statistical projected as many as 3400 deaths rea t r s 1y gge the data cannot provide meaning and 43.000 injuries; the updated the occurrenca of catastrophic

[information) unless and until version of the report snowed as events must be consider-d.

the technology has been used many as 45.000 deaths and a a realistic possibility

• long enough and widely enougn disaster area tne 512e of Penn-to produce a body of 1a ta sflvania.'

$gg4 adequate for stattstical analfsis.

S UCLEAR POWER: THE UNVIABLE shus. ff the technology is not

-.54 adequately safe, this fact ENE RGY RE50VRCES 1 POLICY 1973 ALTERNATI

""k' consultan F

nd o e

cannot be persuasively demon.

Richard C. Dorf. UCDavis D.

636 "U

' 55 " C0"C'"5

• 3 Eart% 1977 o 56 sus ai m'8"Y D'UDinj m.3 5 #8 e tc macu p of W n!m "The RS study also found

• Mat n

c the more severe the accident material plunged into a large studied. the smaller werethe 2649 voluem of cool liquid.

If the chances of its happening. The M

lin. Ass W. social w e o M ences a M m wn and chance of a melt witn the worst science. MI., GEORGE dASHINGTON drops into tne rapidly entering conceivable consequences was LR, August 1977:

ECCS cooling water, it may judged to be one in a billic o It appears that catastrophic result in the development of a accidents near major me' opolita large pressure wave, fracturing per reactor per year.

For the most likely and least severe areas would result in a range of the containment vessel."

kind of core melt, with 100 zero to tens of thousands reactors ass-med operating, the prompt fatalities, up to a mi. lion 2655 chance of the core melt is cases of thyroid growtns, and.

FORTUNE 9/77 p122 said to be on in 200.

range of tens of thousands to a It is at least conceivable that i

million eventual incidents of cunks of fissile fuel mignt 2645 genetics disease in future somehow clamotogehter into a THE SILENT BOMS. Peter genrations.

critical mass.

4hile nothing Faulkner. 1977 p.

l?]:

"'53II"1 8

8I 8t 'IC"D'53 3IiSt "If SEaborg's estimate 2650 could occur----the fuel would of 1.6 million pounds of plu-Joel Yellin. Assoc. Prof. social vaporize and disperse before that tonium production by the year

'CI'"C' MIT, August 1777 could happen----the ourst of 2000 is realized. the chances George W'ashington Law Review:

neat might nevertheless ruptue of the human race surviving will A m derstely serious accident the reactor vessel. Thiswould reach a new low.

Dr. Go fma n at Indian Point. New York, allow sodium to flow out, and.

has suggested that even with could cause 4.000 promet for example, react with the sniels-99.397, storage reliability.

fatalities. 25.000 eventual ing concrete. The combined pres-the nuclear industry will cancer fatalities. 30-day re.

sures of steam, vaporized release 160 pounds of plu-locationof 1,900.000 persons.,

sodium, and explosive hyorogen tonium each year.

This will would then pose some impressive orovide minimum potential lung threats to any other cor*

ng cancer does for about fifteen f0WER: THE UNVIABLt structures around the rest...r.

times the earth's present ALTERNA.itE. John Berger, nuke If all these were breanced, radio-population.

consultant. Friends of the active sodium vapor might vent Earth. 1977 p.

43:

into the atmosphere."

$'mory Lovins Consultant 646

• The result was the Brookhaven Rep rt (WASH-1740), which has 2656 Physicist. THE GEORGE WASHINGTON been the bane of the AEC ever since HOT-HOUSE EARTH. Dr. H0 ward LR. August 1977 p.

933 its publication in 1957. The 411cox. 1975 p.

36:

" Accidenta1 releases o f report estimated that a maximum In 1961 a reactor exploded at radioactivity may lead to credibl ereactor accident could an isolated spot in Idaho--

panic. evacuation snd cause 3400 deaths and $7 an explosion wnichh killed ne looting, international suc' ear billion in yoperty damage. Mis o scior's tnree coerstars and nurie_

shutdown political rep et assumed tha*. the affacted radioactivity far and wi;e into instability, and mass demands nactor was small (l&2% p).

the surroundings.

for Droonylactic thyroidectomies..

and 50t of the reactor core s radioactivity escaped."

152

2657 2651 Frank Hippel, 3ulletin of the THE SILENT B093. Peter r3ainter, Atomic Scientists. 1377 Feb. ;44 "ute consJItant # 3*

f*iends ot In the case of thyroid tumors, the Earth. 1977 p.

152:

the doses received by the "The '4illstone c int reactor o

thyroids within soproximately scennmed 'aice in three iays.

100 91els doarwind f

• 01, a major once anen in aatomatte v314e release of radioactivity in

'siled in tne 'eecaster 11ae and a reactor accident would often b the aater level in ne reactor large enoagh to be in the dose scooped. and again anen a defec.

regime where a signi'icant1 /

tive pressure regulator allowed increased incidence of tumors tne pressure to butld as in tne has been observed in humans.

reactor and increased reactivitf This is because a large fraction in the core.

The valve mal'Jnc-of the radiciodines absoroed tion aa9 attributed to excessive by the body would be concentrated wear due to vibration.

The i

in the small thyroid organ, pressure regalator failed becasse resulting in it receiving a of a poor solder connection."

corresponding magnified dose."

2658 THE SILENT SCMS, Peter Faulnker l

Nuke consultant. Friends of the earth. 1977 p.

151:

"On June 5. 1970 the Oresde-2 3WR near Chicago suffered a partial loss =of-coolant when the pressure con-rol system malfanc-tioned.

In trying to correct the proboem. operators allowed the water level in the reactor to increase ane exceed safety margins. Ten ECCS w. called Jpon, but the high 'ressure portion was shut down for repairs following earlier

"-~~'-~

3 damage and the low-pressure system was inhibited becuase of 2663 the 350 psi pressure in the NUCLEAR POWER: The UNYIA3LE reactor."

ALTERNATIVE. John Berger. luke consultant. Friends of the 2659 Earth, 1977 p.

73 THE SILENT 3 CMS, Peter Faulnker For example, a plutonium leak nuke consultant Friends of at the AEC's nulcear veapons the Earth, 1977 p.

151:

factor at Rocky Flat, Colorido, "Reoeatedly. important valves dispersed muc' 'are plutonism have failed to operate properl y.

'tnan tne integr.ted efflJent INone case. an entire core spray loss during tne seventeen i

system was found inoperative years of plant operation. Tens because check valves had been to hundreds of grams of platoniam fammed during assembly.

Else-went off-site, ten miles upwind anere. 63 out of 191 containment from Denver."

isolation valves failed to operate when tested. Their 2664 failure accarently resulted HOT-HOUSE EARTH. Dr. doward dilcox from rust, oil, and water 1975 p.

31 I

present due to lack of preven-

"On December 12, 1952, an acciden tve maintenance. Plant valve occurred (as a resalt o' s ' human failures not involving n.cear error') in a nuclear reactor at systems have resulted in the Chalk River. Canadia. This deaths of two technicians; other accident, once triggered, valve failures have led to the avalancned automatically through l

uncovering of a reactor core."

a eingthy series of ' steps occupying some seventy seconds of 2660 time, and itcalminated in several THE SILENT 30MS. Peter Faalnker high-oressure steam explosions nuclear consultant. Friends of clus a hydrogen-air exolosion the Earth, 1977 p.

151:

wnich completely destroyed One "Small hairline cracks were reactor core and produced ancon-found in the four-inch bypass trolled releases of rsdioactive piges in the primary coolant materials it various locations recirculation 1000 at tne in the area."

Dresden-2 olant. The AEC tnen told utilities witn simlar 3WR's to insoect for byDass line cracks and similar cracks were f ound on four additional reactors.

Later.

Small cracks in two 10 inch diameter core spray Dioes were found on the Dresden 2 reactor."

Ns O

{

BC60) IACTS ON FIL", aCril 2,1977 p.235 3071 } $C!['iC[, julf ',l o" 3 D 3

Celays caused by 'ator ;meleas, yet it is evident 'com Pe -3C 20crent.

interventien by ervirvunentalists 3rd t*at some staf*ees ano worked 7n **e

• • e "9cessit/ of *eetiag "jater Ontrols st;cj eee velf tenstt he *: *Pe #30*

17cCsed Of 'fe % cItar degalat0ry taat, CeGe"d1r1 Jcn ?e t r "at6re, C".mt s s'Cn (*3 SCI all *.43 Taje infla t'on tne1r f*Mding1 Could JrGee91re holiC a 'na pr f actor in !Pe cost Jf tPe genfidence in ruCle:r gener.

(two Vesco) 21 ants.

3072) SC ENCE, July 1.19P 3.3 3061) William **tt. SCIENCE, Nov ter s gsreless 3r. net *e-t*e '+aal ce:ce*

e II.I977 p.590

.as 31ased. *ae evideace illustentes It is clear that the industry needs to t*e dif*icult/ tPat ;cwer*ul federti accelerate its G=n ef#0rts as well as

u eaucrtcies can nave in 23miss10nin7 r

the 11 Ceasing process, seen t*e NPC objective scientific re0 orts-es0eciaII/

examined tre causes for

• celafs and

.nen they ha ve enor icus states *n t*e cancellations" of 68 plants in 1977, t*ey ftedings.

found trat only 14 of tre sliccages

=ere he to licenstng and littgation.

B0/3) Brian Flowers, :,cerial Ocliege of Science tad Tecarology.

5062) ENER07 u!ER$ DEPCRT, August 10.1973 SULLETIN OF SE ATCPIC C:ENT!STS.

p.5

• arch 1973, p.22 L. Gustave Sceth, a memcer of the we.ever, 200 reacter fears 3f successful Pres 1 cent's Council en Environrental oceration of correectai L int dater Cuality, replied

• hat environreatal aesctort in

• e United States is 3'

regulations are only a small f actor, t 1mited valse in est'-atir1 =aat tae matter of a few mentNs 4n delaying ac:f dent este ai;nt te ty *.*e ytte power plants.

CCO if such plants aave acc eu!ated 5000 reactor years by t*ea. ( Ass 3063) *arvin Resnikoff. Nuclear a poisson distrttut'cn. it gives 'amm9 30 Succomittee of Enemy. Poltcy percent c:nficence t*at t*e f at t ure C: m. Sier-i Clue. OC* ENTARf, rate is less tFan Ore in 10 reacter Cecemcer 1977 p.12 years)

. environmentalists have in a very minor (Failure *0:erational or Envirormental

.ay increased tre construction t!me for Catastrocael nuclear reac*ers and therefore the costs. This has been = ell resesecned by 4B074) NATION, January 17.1976 p50 a

Irwin Bu;p of Harvard Universtt'/

Even Norman nasmussen, the man ano

( Technology Review).

devised tre system acon wnice almost all nuclear power safet/ #1gures new t k C64) FACTS CK FILE, Marc't 24.1978 p205 used are tased, recently said. ' Nuclear B

Critical Mass (Eaergy Project, a 2al:n

c.ee slants nave not

e**er ed witn Nadee orgini:stion) 'urther :laimed tnat we tegeae of relfacility we anuld i delays with nuclear power plants steered expect from *acnines tuilt with care c%iefly fram lSter dif*1 cult +#s lad and atteati0n to safet/ 1*d "9'i d IIIy preolems with ecularent, not licensing that we have so often iia *ed.

requirePents.

30751 ENE m : %E CONT NU M 2:0':.

EC65) milliam *et:, Writer 'or Science.

Nerman Wet:ger. l97' :313 NEW REP'XIC, Fetruary 24,1979 s.24 professor Rienard Wilson if warvaM, The proclems nuclear power is eac;untering did estf rate " tre f ailure pro:actitty in tne U$ are also occurring acroad, enere to te less than 1 in 10,TO 'or reac*cr other countries are finding that nuclear grace pice. As 500 nuclese ao.er.*ations power costs f ar more than pro *ected.

are projected for the yeae 00CO tnis

.ould still b* a 'a11ure every 20 < ears, 8066) DERGY USERe REPCRT. Scotemcer wnicn it too large.

14,1973 pli 9e Nuclear Reguatory Comission August 3076) NAT:CN. January 17,'976 20 31 described sCecific changes being made

.hile of*4Cial studies teal almost by its staf* eithin existing regulations eetirely eitn the '31145111ty of e to

• creve the asefulness o' t*e mec*anical 00recaents 2' %c' ear corrissien's nuclear plar* stardardi:stion piants, tne reaction af 'ne.cerstors program.

.nore tnan anytning else ' ells Se difference between 11saster and I BC67) ENERGY USERS REPCRT, Septerteer anticliras.

14.1978 p.7 A lot of NEPA litigation could be avoided 43077) Susan !cniefelvein. 5ATURCAV through more careful compliance with the ^

REVIEW, Jure 24,19'3 p.IO Act sucn as precaring imcact statements 7e six states aith the largest nuclear concurrent wit'i croject ;IannN rstne*

facilities-- *ashington, W ettcut.

tran after tre fact Terressee, 2hece siand, New Jersey and South Carolina-- lism :laim Se 3068) SC*ENCE, Jaly 1,1977 p.29 nattens mst risicly inc-easics :aacer AEC cnose Normn Armussen. a rofesser cates.

of nuclear energy at the %5ac*usetts 3073) Susan Sc51e'elvein. E DIAV Sstitute 3# IecanClogy '*IT) r0t Onlf

-4

• cr ' tis cec *ntcal teculene and natural 3EV!!W. June 24,I9'8 0.10 statue. Dut ten use it regarcea atm as 7e 'stalities aave notn'ag to so wit's a ' friend' a' nuc' ear power.

the fearsome major 'jcidents taat environmentalists 3-edic*, t*ey are 0:69) SCIENCE, July,I977 p.29 connected 4astead a tae soi'Is aM The staf'ers assigned to the study emissions that ice crescatly seto'*9 were aCDarently poorly insulated from

1. rom atomic 3Cweer Diants trroJg9eut tureauC*1 tic pressares vat 03u14 gre netton.

uncernine v.e stuoies integrity.

. 3070) OC:ENCE. Julf 1,I97' c.;9

.New evicence suggests t*at the atmoschere and :irc:.mstances.nien t*e Dasrussen study.as conoucted.ere anytnirs tut

. conducive *.o octaining an ' " rt'al study.

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/ f p!FFERENT SHOT

/THE YEK!N HAS BED 4 CESIGriATED l

BY LOCAL, STATE, N O fiATICf4AL f(XfTFER FIGURES AS WE MCST ItT'CRTN.T RIVER IN NCRTH CARCL!ta.

If 6 'N * ** *

1. - R1

, t0RE *E'iACItG THC'E Q UT PNJY PECDLE FAIL TO RECOGN!!E A MCST SER!CUS mREAT TO THE LIFE CF OUR GREAT RIVER./ A THREAT 50

e) jw

,v--

.- ac, PENACING THAT WE EFFECTS CNi CNLY 3E ROUGHLY EST! PATED;

/$

M 7 '

l ' '

ITHEACTUALCN'MESTOPROPERTY, INDLTsTR"/, NO THE CCettNITY

/9, ja j st.

/M THAT MAY OCCUR FRm THIS THREAT,/

SURPASS REAsorif4LE !PAGINAT!CN.

2o

7. o r,

Y -' en -- ^ a RCTHER SGICUS W C'E THAT THREAT TO A R!VER, TO

~

YCUR C3fLti!TY/ TO YOUR F#'!LY, Yfb710"FECTS CF THE PRCPCSE TO YCU N'D YOUR ECDtm!C FUTURr PERKINS NUCLEAR POWER STATIOt4 ON THE YAC,1N RIVER.

gIFFECTS PCT OJLY C*l THE FRECICUS

• 1 s WATER CF THE YADKIN, EUT Of THE 4/ -)

fa i-PURSE-STRItGS CF EVERYONF/IN THE y

PIEI?CtfT-YES EVEROJE; YOUR

' FRICCS, YCUR ETLOYERS,/YCUR 4

-3 I9# 4

<r s,__ r CHILTEN NO THEIR PCTE!(TIAL EMPLOYERS.....LETS CLEAR THE AIR RIGHT UP FR3fT THCUGrl....

NEW THC'E

[WE'RE tCT TALKING ABCUT THE EMOT!0tiAL ISSUE CF THE PDCS 40 CCitS CF NUCLf/R GENEPATED PCkER; THAT'S N OTHER ISSUE AU.-TOGETFER, N4 IPPORTN(T ISSUE, EUT CtJE WE'LL LEA'E TO YOU TO DECICE.

CCMERCIAL TALU.TS, INC.

1020 3rookatown Ave.. Suite 6. Winston-Sales. N.C.

27101 page # 1 J-

- J-s wh2.wh num!

M i 'yc NN Ch%g

A/V M otPT 'E W FCQ u. 2 L. C'4, j

(TIME)

(VISUALS)

(MUO!C/S.E.)

(tvFRATPE) e L.

1 3 o /,., 'm wg'RE TALK!?G SPECIFICALLY AECUT THE EFFECTS CF THE CCCLI?G PRCCESS NAT WILL EE UCD BY TFE PERK!NS STAT!Ctl, THE EFFECTS CN THE WATER, THE EFFECTS Cri THE PCTENT-IAL ECCNOMIC GRCWTH CF OUR CZ7 W i!TY, N C, PERHAPS TST IMPORTANT CF ALL, THE EFFECTS 04 YOUR ALREAIN SKYRCCKETING ELECTRIC RATES.

THE EFFECTS WE'RE GO!?G To TEL -

YOU ABOUT ARE RES,E GO!?G TO THEY RE NCT JUSTLIKELY,THEJR HAPPEN, 40 THEY LL BEGIN FRCri CAY ONE, AS SOCri AS DUKE PCWER'S NUCLIAR P>ER STATICN BEGINS OPERATICitS.

NEW THEME IT'S BRUTmLLY SIMPLE,,,,,,

fk ' e l ** * ' #-'

[THE PRCCESS CF GE'IERAT!tG ELECTRIC PCWER IN THE PERKINS STATICN REC'J!RES THE USE CF SO'E VERf EXPENSIVE, VERY C#dAGI?G CTLING WWERS.

THESE TOWERS 4!LL TAKE WATER FRCri

'-N THE YAOKIN FCR COCL!?G, THIS WATER !S EVAPORATED THROUGH THE CDCLING PROCESS-EVAPCRATD,?GT

'_' '71

^

9.,,

C./N

TREATED 40 RETpPJ C TO THE JVER, R

BUT EVAPORATD/AT A RATE OF /4

, fdf tt704 Gif ' evts pro rAv.

9'

^ ~ 4 *- Nb YOU'RE NCT HEAR!tG TH!tGS/72 MILL!Cfl GALL NS CF WATER PER CAY,i EVAPCRATD F9Cri THE RIVER, ElCUG'i '

WATER TO SUPDCRT A FCUHd.!Ll,!C?P

!PCUSTRIAL-CO* PLEX,

@ *h

((TDCESN'TTAKEALOTCF!MAGIN-4'+

/ 'o

• o /- 4 N NEW THEME lATICflTOREALIZEWHATTHISr'EANS IV.h 4) fl, +.2? A ~ 4 t' DRASTIC REDUCT!CNS IN WATER LEVEL, M O WATER CUALITY.

^%

POLL!JT4tTS ALREA:N IN THE WATER WILL BE C0tCENSD, E?CAtGERING FISH #C WILOL.!FE-BOTH !N THE WATER NO ALC?G THE BANKS.

ITHE FCL1HTMITS COUPLD WITH THE DRCP IN WATER IIVEL WILL CF COURSE Jw

-f 4 cm REDUCE PRCPERTY VALL'E ALDrG THE RIVER,/NCTOCWNERSCFDCgSTIC CCf"MIRCIAL TALENTS, INC.

1020 3rookstown Ave., Suite 6, Winston-Salem, N.C.

27101 page i 7 a &- <a 1

o n

e 3/y ECH DT C W '

~

FPO 4 0 f P 'l.

i e

I (T!;t)

(V!SUALS)

DUSIC/S.E.)

l (NAReAT!W) hbcRECREATICtW.,PDCDERTY

WELL,

'PARTICULARLY IN AREAS LIVE HISH <

A*

LAE.

/

i N*

e e u>

fTHE LCSS CF WATER-VCU.F'E N C

1. ' WATER-FORCE WILL DISC 3.' RAGE PE4 ItCUSTRIAL DEVELOP *ENT C*l THE l, RIVER, MEAN!?G A LCSS CF PCTEliTIAL PEW.NUES #C SALARIES.

/'w ( /bd

/NC SO THE Qu!N CONT!t.1.lES, to e

m OfiE CAN PREDICT HOW FAR 4 UT E

CERTA!?LYTHETHREATEXkECS

_h W BEYCtc THE P!E31C:6....

[BEYCtQ MIGH ROCX LAE, DAVIDSCN NO RWN4 COUTRIES-PCSSIBLY -

THRCUCH THE ENTIRE FLCk CF THE

/t_ -

RIVER, EEYCfD ALSE, MLI, INTO SOUTH CAROLINA./[...PERHAPS TO THE ATLANTIC ITSELc.

tEri THEME Ato THE COST IS EVEN GREATER THN4 !T APPEARS uw A

-w I'-

rCT CNLY W!!1 DUE POER'S PERKINS Pt. ANT TAVI FROM CUR RIVER TH!S EfCRtCUS VCLtF'E CF WATER, E'JT THEY'RE GCitG TO CHARGEUSFOR[

E'- '"

!NStLT TD !?UURY-THE COST CF THE PRC.,'ECT WILL PESULT IN INCRE--

• f op A rg w '-

ASED EXEPISES TO IXJVE PORER CV AROUfC /0 MIL 11CN DOLLARS A YEAR, N O GUESS WHO'S GCIf4 TO HAVETOMEETT.CSEEXPENSES/

l

• AA IT IS EST!?%TED THAT THE

. rm

, y 0 a-M BUILD!tG CF THE PERKINS STATICN

'(_p gw it/ /~

WILL REQUIRE.LNITIAU.Y, #1 b '* p.,. /.uw A,

APPRCXIMATEILII.lNCREASEIN s

gy;, Ulf EVERYCNE'S, YCUR S N.7) MINE-

• T /l Cip4SYE'S E'ICTRIC BILLSj#O 7

~

4y. te sW ",'

-IIT S CCl1PLETELY UNNECT.EASAR(.

i

'NEW THEPE

>9 ).p f W ~ h, p W r, Nt%.1.h.'

", 9 is" THAT S RIGHT, C3'{LETELY b p,.g,, [ ps, -

UNNECCESSARY. IT S PCSSIBLE

P )

FOR DUKE TO GENERATE THE ADDITICre,

,-s-

N. DCWER T)MT PERKINS WOULD 4 4f3

) S.W ' A 3

PRt, DUCE eT-a.. c _..~

.-w

\\

l

\\

R

..L,,G!i M C w,sr > dt rAd L -* JOC ^ ^ -

pg lA SAVf tGS CF M MILLICN 7JLI ARS.

STAT'C^; ^^. # d <.. ~, KQ AT M E,,ju */

w '-

• 3.~'

% fr A

~,. ; y "~ ~ ~,,, J,m.;gu w tESEFIGURESARENOTCUROW D a.

m" jALL ARE TAKEN FRCH PUBLIC REDORTS CC.M RCI.AL TALINTS, INC.

1023 3rookstown Ave., Suite 6, Winston-Sales. N.C.

27101 P8te I 3

4 Sfi/

• f"Q ' D T t'C W tcp u 4 9 R_e e *l (T!!'E)I (V!SLALS)

(n,5!C/S.E.)

l (N4mATIVE) i i

e j At0 HEAR!?GS US!?G DUKE PCbER'S l'CwlESTIMATES.

1. ' '

3

1. '.)

!}m ! * ' ',oyeg; 30 g7c,pf, go g7g.

THEME owGE n ~I~.

T TO

.?.-

INSULTMJf#Ct,C PERKINS C3'E TO BE, THE LIFE DPECTNCf CF A

e di SUOi A FACILITY m#4 u.

1% nw% M.

t' ? c s.. * :..

, f...h

'p. TO BUILD A!TCPE?ATICH L11T

,;, a s.a,

'FERKINS IS EAD E!CtGH--THE RATE

/..

I INCREASES, THE WATER LOSS-EUT

t..,. ~,,

l AFTER ALL THAT WASTE, FCR THE A*- +/ws..,

! FACILITY _IIULMJSED-fCR TEN L.,;,. t l YE/vAS TERMES 5r-t G-UJC0tPR E?eG I BL

.i 2 u, '/< 4- } c e-' /f-.qf4mg{~ T m, o "G

E ' N IT......

• h(

A pway!

v:li n

1. 1NAL THD'El,

T

!TE LETTERS, TALK TO YCtR NEIGHLCRS, YOUR FELLOW WCRKERS, YOUR EMPLCYERS--GET ItE LVED, AtO GET OTHERS !?tCLVED.

5EEC3'E A PtM CF THE tCVD'E'4T TO STOP PERK!?LS, BEFCRE IT SXPS THE YADKIN, BEFORE IT STCPS THE GROWTH OF TkE P!E2iCitT, BEFCRE IT STCPS YOU N O YC W COC'KJi!C SECURITY.

4 fi. 1 -

wl

84 Jh

-MA'

[fSfGNCURPETITIONTOSTOP z

PERKINS, LGE-CUR-SNPLE LETTERS NO-NRfTE-TO-OFFICI ALS-CN-0UR PREPMG-LISTSr 40, IF YOU cat /J f

4 G i. A4 4.a A /A'.

PLEASE J0!N TFE HIGH ROCK LAKE SC C'A. S;OTC * T *I TC ASSOCIATION. YCURPOTERSH!"/

WILL HELP FISHT TO SAVE CUR GREAT

'*3)g A j,, ',,

RIVER AtO t'AltRAIN A PRCSPERCUS FUTURE FCR YOUR CCritNITY NO

' u,,, / * + s / Am

YCURFAMILY./

4 s

Th3 Te%'HCEfdG,,Epit%M P4fif( Sf0TS tF LArf MGM

/ "THIS PROGR#i WAS PRCDUCED Ag,gg - 7. /, %

• FOR THE HIGH ROCK LAKE ASSOCIATICf PY CWEN!AL TAW 4TS AtO T31 PITTS NO ASSOCIATES.

1 H

C0t'?"IRCIAL TALENTS, INC.

1020 Stockstpm Ave., Suite 6. Winston-Salem. ti.C.

27101 page f' O

d i