ML18227A960

Submit Semiannual Environmental Report No. 6, July 1, 1975 Through December 31, 1975

ML18227A960
Person / Time
Site:	Turkey Point
Issue date:	02/26/1976
From:	Florida Power & Light Co
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML18227A960 (413)

Text

TURKEY POINT UNITS 3 6 4 SEMIANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT NO. 6 JULY 1, 1975 through DECEMBER 31i 1975

~It 8

I. INTRODUCTION This report is submitted in accordance with Turkey Point Plant Environmental Technical Specifications, Appendix B, Section 5.4.a. This report covers the period July 1, 1975 through December 31, 1975.

II. RECORDS OF MONITORING REQUIREMENT SURVEYS AND SAMPLES The, results of the chemical analyses conducted at the "outlet of Lake Warren are shown on pages 3, 4 and 5 of this report. Page 6 contains the amounts of chemicals added from Units 3 and 4 to the closed circulating water system. Results of the various biological pro-grams are given in sections III.C through III.J.

III. ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA A. Chemical Analysis of pH results shows what is expected, i.e.,

hardly any variation because of the highly buffered nature of sea water. The pH ranged from a low of 7;62 to a high of 8.00, and possibly as much as 50%, of this variation is due to instrument drift. Dissolved oxygen also behaved as expected. The lowest values were ob-served in the summer months, and the D.O. concentration increased as the water temperature deceased.

Salinity also behaved as expected, reaching its low

'oint at the peak of the rainy season, I

and gradually increasing during the dry months. Salinity behaved in .-the same manner as the last six months of 1974.

Heavy metals monitoring continued to show the same pattern as'in the last two and one half years of opera-ting the closed;.:cooling water system: values varied within a certain range, except for arsenic and mercury.

,The last two are .usually less than detectable. Anything

TURKEY POINT PLANT UNITS 3 6 4

. pft DISSOLVED OYYGEN AND SALINITY LAKE WARREN DISCflARGE SALINITY RESULTS IN PPT YEAR D. O. Results in PPI<

MO. AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER DAY n.o. a . o n.O. Sa f D~S 3, 1 7.85 .3 6.0 7 80 4.6 34.0 7.75 s.o 3s.s 7.85 a.so 37 as 7.9S 4.4 37.5 7.85 4.9 37.0 2 7.80 .0 6.0 7.80 4.8 33.5 7.9 4.6 34.0 7.85 4.60 36.0 7.90 5.6 36.5 7.8 4.5 37.0 3 7.8 .8 4.0 7.85 4 5 33.0 7.8 4.3 34.0 7.80 3.80 37.0 7.85 5.5 36.0 7.8 4-3 35.0 4 7.8 .5 5.0 7.82 4.5, 34.0 7.8 4.6 34.5 7.80 4.20 37.5 7.90 5.55 36.0 7.85 4.5 36.0 5 7.8 .60 3.5 7.85 4.4 34.0 7 85 4 5 34.0 7.80 4.55 36.5 7 85 4.80 7.0 7.8 4.7 36.

'7. 75 4.1 35.0 7.85 4 2 34.0 7.80 4.65 35.0 7.80 4.30 37.0 7 .8 4.7 6.0 7.99 5.1 38-7 85 4.40 34.5 7.90 4-40 34.5 7.80 4 ' 34 0 7.85 4.50 36.5 .7 4.7 6.0 7.9 5.1 38 7.80 4 2 35.0 7.85 4.50 34.0 7.80 4.6 34 5 7.80 4.2 37.0 7.88 4.85 5.5 7.8 5..0 36 9 7.8 4 0 35.5 7.80 4 '0 34.0 7.80 5.0 34.5 7.80 4.4 36.5 .8 4.8 36.0 7.8 5.1 36.

p 7.8 4.2 32.0 7.85 4.7 33.0 7.8 4.5 35.0 7.80 4.0 37.0 .9 4.7 8.0 7 8 5 5 35:

7.85 4.40 32.0 7-80 4.6 34.0 7.80 4.5 35.0 .83 .2 9.0 7.85 5.1 37.0 7;85 5.1 37 '

L2 7.80 .30 3.0 7.80 4.7 34.0 7.75 4.8 35.5 .8 4~4 38.0 7.8 4.8 37.0 7 8 5.6 36.0 3 7.85 ~ 4 3.0 7.80 4.6 33.0 7 '5 4.75 34.5 .82 4.5 40.0 7 '5 4.5 35.0 7.82 5.2 36.5 4 7.85 7.80 4.8 31.0 7.80 4.60 35.0 .70 4.2 39.0 7.8 4.7 36.0 7.87 5.4 36.5

.5 7 AS -6 0.0 .70 4.9 34.0 7.80 4.65 34.5 .70 4.1 38.5 7.85 5.4 37.0 7.9 5.3 37.0 6 7.S 7. 9 4.7 34.0 7.80 4.75 35.0 .65 4.4 39.0 7 9 5.7 37.0 7.9 5.5 38.0 7 7'75 4.2 30.0 7.85 4.75 33.5 7.85 4.60 35.5 .70 4.3 38.5 7.85 5.6 39.0 7.95 4.6 37 '

8 7.75 4.2 30.0 .0 5.0 34.0 7.80 4.7 34.5 .75 4.3 '38.5 7.83 5.1 38.0 7' 4.4 ~ 37.0 9 7.80 4.30 30.0 .0 4.8 34 0 7.80 4 75 35.0 .82 4.4 36.0 7.85 5.0 38.0 7.9 4.2 37.0 P 7.75 4.2 30.0 7.9 4.9 32.0 7.85 4.88 35.0 .80 4.6 37.0 7.8 4.9 37.0 7.88 5.8'7.5 1 775 4.3 31.0 .9 5.0 .34.0 7 80 4.90 35.0 F .85 4.3 37.5 7.8 4.8 38.0 7.85 4.9 36.5 2 7.70 4.0 30.0 ~ 72 5.0 35.5 7.80 4.70 35.0 .80 4.3 36.5 7.62 5.0 36.5 7.9 5.7 37.0 3 7.75 4.2 31.0 .80 4.9 34.0 7 80 4.70 35.0 .80' ' 37.0 7.8 5.3 38.0 7.85 6.0 36.0 4 7.70 4.5 32.0 .80 4.9 34.0 7.80 4.80 35.5 .80 4.4 37.0 7.85 5.3 38.0 7.85 5.8 37.5 7.85 4.3 31.0 .70 4.9 34.0 7.80 4.80 35.5 .80 4.5 38.0 7.83 5.75 36.0 7.85 5.85 37.5 6 7.80 4.6 32.0 .80 5 0 33.0 7.80 4.0 .85 4.a 37.5 7;90 5.9 38.0 7.82 5.80 38.0 37.0'.80 7 7.85 4.5 32.0 .80 5.2 34.0 4.4 36.5 .8 4.0 38.0 ,7.85 5.75 .38. 0 7.90 6.20 37.

8 7.80 4.6 34.0 .75 5.4 34.0 7.80 4.3 36.0 .8 3.9 38.0 7.75 5.0 37.0 7.82 5.3 37 ~

9 7.85 4 34.0 .80 5. 3 34.0 7.75 4.90 37.0 7.8 3.9 36.0 7.85 5.0 36.5 7.9 5.8 38.

3P 7.85 4.3 34.5 .80 4.80 34.5 7.85 4.70 38.0 9 4.0 36.5 7.90 5.1 36.0 7.89 5.2 38.

31 7.85 4.3 34.0 .80 5 3 35.0 7.80 4.2 36 0 7.95 5.5 38

FLORIDA POMER 6 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANTS UNITS 3 6 WARREN DISCHARGE 4'AKE NOTE: All Rc:suits in mg/L YEAR 1975 T. RES ~

DATE CHLOR; AMMONIA B.O.D. C,O,D.. Cu. '44n Co As Hg OIL .Cr Pb 7/3 < 0.2 1050 0.000 7/11 < 0.2 375 0.000 12 7/18 <0.2 310 0.000 7/25 <0.2 320 0. 10 0.08 0.11 0.001 (0.000 2 $ 0.02 0.18 8/1 0.2 254 0.000 8/7 <0.01 8/8 <0.2 315 0.000 8/15 0.2 290 0.000 8/22 <0.2 230 (0.000 8 29 <0.2 280 .06 0.07 .21 0.001 .06 .23

<0. 01 0.000'.000

< 0.2 325 9 12 0.2 310 (0.000 9 19 0.2 280 (o.ooo ( 1D I

9 25 C,o.ol I ~

I 9/26 0.2 627 0.08 0.22 0.30 0.001 0.000 0.02 0.6 I I

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10/2 (0.01 10/3 (O.2 458 0.. 0002 D 2

10/9 < 0. 05 10/10 <0.2 160 (0. 000 lo/16 (0. ID 0.2 05'0/17

< 210 0.000 $ 0. 2.

10/23 ( 0. 05

~10 24 < O.2 185 0.000 <0. 2 lo 30 0.0 DD D

FLORIDA POWER 6 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANTS UhlTS 3 S 4 LAKE WARREN DISCHARGE NOTE: All Results in mg/L

.T. RES.

DATE CHLOR. AMMONIA B.O.D. C,O,D.. CU Zn Co Hg OIL Cr Pb 10 31 <0. 2 410 0. 07 0.20 0.22" 0.001 .0002 ( 1 0.04 0.6 ll 6 ll 7 00'O 0.2 290 0. 0802 '

11/14 (0.2 350 0.0002 1 11/21 0.2 370 0.0002 (1 11/28 $ 0.2 380 0. 20 0.14 0.19 CO:001 0.0003 1 0.18 0.5 12/1 12/11 00 I

12/12 ( 0.2 370 0. 0002 9 12 19 <0. 2 370 0.0002 2 12 22 0.2 310 0.03 0.02 (0.02 0.001 00

~12 22 0.2 405 0 0002 1

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0 above the minimum detectable limit can be attributed to sample contamination.

Since reaching a level of 400 mg/1 in early 1975, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) seems to have leveled off at around that concentration. No action has been taken yet as to the condenser tubing fouling problem, pending further study.

Chlorination of the cooling water system has not been restarted., Chlorine residual tests have been conducted sporadically for informational purposes only.

The 1,350 pounds of salt eventually released to the cooling water system in August, were used in the mixed bed demineralizers of the water treat-ment plant as a special treatment.. This had no impact on the cooling water because the latter is sea water.

B. Thermal Thermal data collected have been summarized in temperature time duration curves by month, for both the inlet and outlet temperatures. These are shown on Tables III.B-,1 through III.B-6.

V No major differences were observed between this six-month period and the same six-month period last year. The table below compares maximum inlet and outlet temperatures for the same periods in 1974 and 1975.

Maximum Xnlet Tem erature Maximum Outlet Temperature 1974 1975 1974 1975 July 94 '4 110 109 August 95 93 112 109 September 93 110 108 October 92 89 109 104 November 83 82 98 97 December 82 80 97 97

TABLE III.B-1 TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION CURVES' TEMPERATURE JULY', 1975 UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKE WARRENT OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME 7 94 0..9 14 109 1.9 22 93 3.9 68 108 11.0 84 92 15. 2 71 107 20;.6 105 91 29.3 95 106 33.3 141 90 48.3 85 105 44.8 105 89 62.4 78 104 55.2 117 88 78:1 94 103 '7.9 106 87 ~

92.3 89 102 79. 8:

56 86 99.9 57 101 87.5 1 85 100.0 -42 100 93.1 34 99 97.7 8 .98 98.8 2 97 99.1 4 96 99.6 3 95 100.'0

0 TABLE III.B-2 TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE'-"

AUGUST, 1975 UNITS 3 & 4 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOURS TEMPERATURE  % TIME 30 93 4.0 20 109 2.7 117 92 19.8 45 108 8.7 125 91 36.6 76 107 19.0 131 90 54.2 106 10'6 33.2 85 89 65.7 '-

78 105 43.7 180 88 89.9 118- 104 59.6 57 87 97.6 119 103 75.6 15 86 99.6 81

'02 86.5 3 85 100.0 34 101 91.1 35 100 95.8 9 99 97.0 5 98 97.7 4 97 98.3 9 96 99.5 4 95 100.0

0 TABLE III.B-3 TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION'URVES TEMPERATURE SEPTEMBER, 1975 UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOURS TEMPERATURE 8 TIME 2 93 0.3 9 108 1.3 28 92 4.2 23 107 4.5 87 91 16.2 64 106 13.4 102 90 30.4 108 105 28.4 140 89 49.9 143 104 48.3 126 88 67.4 75 103 58.7 116 87 83.5 113 102 74.4 84 86 95.1 53 101 81.8 28 85 99.0 61 100 90.3 7 84 100.0 32 99 94.7 26 98 98;3

'10 97 99.7 2 96 100.0

0 0

TABLE III.B-4 TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE OCTOBER, 1975 UNITS 3&4 INTAKE LAKE WARRENT OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOURS TEMPERATURE a TIME 1 89 0.1 18 104 2.4 19 88 =2. 7 21 103 5.2 40 87 8.1 34 102 9.8 53 86 15.2 . 28 101 13.6 107 85 29.6 77 100 23.9 131 84 47.2 100 99 37.4 120 83 63.3 88 98 49.2 75 82 73.4 80 97 59.9 66 81 82.3 83 96 71.1 38 80 87.4 53 95 78.2 16 79 89.5 38 94 83.3 92.7 88.0 ll 24 23 78 77 76 94.2 97.3 35 22 16 93 92 91 91.0 93.1 12 75 98.9 22 90 96.1 8 74 100.0 13 89 97.8 5 88 98.5 3 87 98.9 7 86 99.9 1 85 100.0

TABLE III.B-5 TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION. CURVES' TEMPERATURE NOVEMBER,975 UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKE WARREN: OUTL'ET",

NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS TEMPERATURE  % TIME HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME 13 82 1.8 5 97 0.7 84 81 13.5 76 96 11.2 121 80 30. 3 70 95 21.0 42 79 36. 1 50 94 27.9 86 78 48. 1 64 93 36.8 44 77 54.2 66 92 46.0 58 76 62.2 .46 91 52.4 24 75 65 ..6 57 90 60.3 31 74 69.9 34 89 65.0 25 73 73.3 23 88 68.2 38 72 78.6 39 87 73.6 8 71 79.7 26 86 77.2 31 70 84.0 19 85 79.9 21 69 88.3 26 84 83.5 20 68 91.1 24 83 86.8 33 67 95.7 20 82 89.6 12 66 97.4 17 81 91.9 5 65 98.1 20 80 94.7 6 64 98.9 16 79 96.9 8 63 100.0 =9 78 98.2 0 77 98.2 2 76 98.5 0 75 98.5 1 74 98.6 1 73. 98.7 1 72 98.9 2 71 99.2 1 70 99.3 3 69 99.7 2 68 100i0

4 TABLE III.B-6 TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURES DECEMBER, .1975 UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS .TEMPERATURE -o TIME HOURS TEMPERATURE  % TIME 21 79 2.8 16 95 2.2 32 -78 7.1 8 94 3.2

-46 77 13.3 7 93 4.2 61 76 21.5 19 92 6.7 90 75 33.6 36 91 11.6 95 74 46.4 60 90 19. 6. ~

57 73 54. 0 71 89 29.2 75 72 64.1 46 88 35.3 61 71 72. 3 61 87 43.5 68 70 81.5 34 86 48.1 34 69 86.0 35 85 52.8 23 68 89. 1 56 84 60.3 16 67 91. 3 63 83 68.8 20 66 94. 0 46 82 75. 0 13 65 95.7 -20 81 77.7 16 64 97.8 50 80 84.4 14 63 99.7 22 79 87.4 2 62 100.0 25 78 90.7 6 77 91.5 17 76 93.8 17 75 96.1 9 74 97.3 14 73 99.2 6 72 100. 0

III. C. FISH ND SHELLFISH IHTRODUCT ION The purpose of this study was to sample the. fish and shellfish populations currently present in the Turkey Point cooling canal system to determine which species are present, their relative abundance, and size. Observations on life history stages can indicate which of these species are likely to consist of reproducing populations with potential long range residence in the canals. Species which do not demonstrate a variety of life history stages in the canals will probably be lost to the ecosystem as natural attrition takes place.

METHODS Fishes were collected monthly from December, 1974 through January, 1976~ 'the period covered by this report. Sampling was done at eight stations (Figure C.l) which were surveyed and reported in 1974.

Collections were made by gill net, seine, and minnow trap.

The gill nets were designed for experimental fished by combining 2, 3, and 4 inch stretch mesh panels end-to-end. These monofilament nylon nets measured 6 by 100 feet. The seine measured 4 by 20 feet, and had a mesh size of one-quarter inch square. The'9 by 18 inch minnow traps were constructed of galvanized steel; mesh size one-quarter inch square.

0 The sampling method at each station was determined by the configuration and characteristics of the canal at the sampling si'te.

Station 1 is an extremely deep and wide canal near the intake screen area. The depth precludes seining, and preliminary studies revealed an absence of the small fishes which could be collected by minnow trap.~. Gill net samples were taken with the net located in a side pocket of the canal. Station 4 serves as a comparison for Station 1 and is similar in canal configur'ation. The gill net is set across a 3-5 foot deep branch off a deeper canal.

The remaining six stations are in shallow water (less than one meter), and distributed in the canal system where thermal differences ar e evident. Samples at these stations were taken by 100 foot seine hauls. In addition, two minnow traps baited with soy cake were set at each station for 24 hours. All specimens were identified to species, counted, measured and weighed. Fishes were measured from the tip of the snout to the base of the tail. Shellfishes are measured across the shell (carapace) in the case of crabs, and along the carapace and tail in the case of the lobster and shrimp.

In September, 1975, sampling was intensified in an effort to collect species not previously obtained. A gill net was added at Station 2 and minnow traps were added at Station 4. A small pond near i

the airboat launch site was sampled with minnow traps; 'designated Station 10. In October, a gill net was added at Station 8. In November, e

0

t minnow traps were placed in a This location had been designated as Station in 1974.

backwater area across from the IMA 9

trailer.

during preliminary sampling

'RESULTS 'AND DISCUSSION Thirty-one species of fishes and six species of shellfishes were collected. during this sampling period (Table C.l). Collections by month and station number are presented in Tables C.2-C.15. No additional species were obtained by intensifying collecting effort in September, although a large concentration of sheepshead minnow was found at Station 10. In addition, the mosquitofish (Gambusia ~affinis and the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes." sp.) were collected with a cast lh net at Station 9; Although common at this station, no attempt was made to quantify abundance.

ld tt tllllf! ld'th'i i th

~it Th g p d h (~F1 d h

h p h d l (~Ci d ( th ly p collected in large enough numbers for meaningful comparison. Re'syecti've]y, a total of 2055 and 409 individuals were collected over the 14 month study period. Individuals of both species were collected at all stations, although differences between stations are evident. Stations 2 and 3 had the fewest number of either species (Table C.16). These two stations are at the eastern edge of the canal system. The proximity of deeper water, and the corresponding increase in predator species, apparently accounts for the lesser abundance of these small species

0 of forage fishes, although decreased water temperatures cannot be excluded from consideration. The majority of goldspotted killifish were collected at Stations 5, 6 and 7; the majority of sheepsheadminnow were collected at Station 8. There was a change in the relative abundance of the.two species of fishes at these four stations (5-8) over the course of the 14 month study period. This.'is apparently related to differences in water temperature, and a corresponding change in the competitive ability of the two fishes. At temperatures up to 37.5'C, the goldspotted killifish is the dominant of the two species (Table C.16). As temperatures increase beyond 37.5'C, the sheepshead minnow is apparently better able to compete with the goldspotted killifish and becomes dominant. For all stations combined, on a monthly basis, both species reach peaks of abundance in August, when water temperatures are highest (Figures C.2 and C.3). To maintain consistency over the 14 month period, the number of individuals collected at Station 9 and 10 were,not incorporated into Figures C.2,and C.3. Collecting at these two stations began late in 1975.

Since juvenile and adult fishes were captured, it may be assumed that reproducing populations of both goldspotted killifish and sheepshead minnow are established wi thin the canal system. Although not as abundant as the above mentioned fishes, the rainwater killifish is within the same family (Cypr inodontidae) and is established based on the size range of individuals collected (Table C.l). Other cyprino-dontids .were collected in earlier sampling periods and have not been reported 0

0

during this period.. These are the diamond killifish (Adinia xenica), the Gulf killifish'(Funddlud'grandls), and the flagfish (Jordanella floridae).

The present occurrence of these fishes in the canal system is doubtful.

The family Poecilliidae was repres'ented by three species in our collections, although only the sailfin molly was abundant in the quantitative sample (Table C.l). Mosquitofish and pike killifish were common at Station 9, whene the majority of the collecting effort was made with cast and dip nets. These fishes are livebearers, a system of repro-duction which 'lends itself well to a closed system. Juveniles and pregnant females were collected.

The only other fish species which appears to be reproducing in the canals is the crested goby. Although not collected in large numbers, it has been collected consistently, and as late as our last sampling date (January, 1976). The banner goby and an unidentified species of Gobionellus were collected in low numbers and have not been collected since February, 1975.

A juvenile spotfin mojarra (31 mm standard length),was .co1.1ec'ted as late as September, 1975 {Table C.ll). This would indicate spawning, although 1

it is doubtful. Only eight specimens of this schooling species have been collected during the entire sampling period. This is a very common species outside of the canal system in Biscayne Bay. The only 0,

0

t other No juvenile fish collected was a checkered puffer in December, 1974, other specimens were collected during the sampling period.

The silversides (Atherinidae) were very abundant in 1974; commonly observed schooling near the surface in the deeper canals, As these fishes spawn primarily over shallow grassy areas (Breder and Rosen, 1966), and are relatively short lived, their decline in abundance was expected.

For the balance of the fishes (Table C.l), o'nly large individuals n

were collected. These include the ladyfish and bonefi.s'h,, sea catfish, the jacks and snappers, the mojarras (with the exception of the spotfin mojarra), the spadefish, striped mullet, grunts, and the barracuda. As these fishes mature and die off, and without outside recruitment, the n species may be expected to disappear from the canal system. This has apparently already occurre'd for the white mullet, snook, inshore lizard-fish, redfin needlefish, and rainbow parrotfish; fishes observed in earlier sample periods and not in the 1 ast 14 months.

With the exception of the grass shrimp, collected by dip netting at Station 9, no juvenile shellfishes were collected. Without outside recruitment, the crabs, shrimps, and spiny lobster: may also be expected to disappear from the system, 0

SUMMARY

The Turkey Point cooling canals are a closed system containing a decreasingly diverse assemblage of marine and estuarine species of fish.

The chance for outside recruitment of marine species is low, with only extreme spring tides and hurricane associated floods potentially able to bring water into the canals. Reproducing populations, as evidenced by the occurrence of'oth juveniles and adults, is confined primarily within the killifish and livebearer fami lies of fishes. The goldspotted killifish and the sheepshead minnow are the dominant fishes, based on number of indi.viduals collected. The majority of fish and shellfish species may be expected to disappear from the canal system as natural attrition occurs.

LITERATURE CITED Breder, C.t1., Jr., and. D.E;.Rosen.. '1966: ..Modes. of Reproduction'.... "".

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COOLING CANALS, DECEMBER, .1974 JANUARY, 1976

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FIGURE C.3. NUMBER OF GOLDSPOTTED KILLIFISH COLLECTED IN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS, DECEMBER, 1974 JANUARY, 1976

TABLE C. 1.

SHELLFISHES AND FESHES COLLECTED WITHIN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEM DECEMBER, 1974 JANUARY, 1976 NUMBER RANGE OF OF STANDARD SCIENTIFIC'.. NAME COMMON NAME INDIVIDUALS LENGTHS mm

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Hmulus poZyphemus horseshoe crab l. 290 Penaeus SP. ~

edible shrimp 4 55-86 Alpheus sP- pistol shrimp 1 27 Panulims argus spiny lobster 18 200-331 Binippe meveenar m stone crab 72 26-112 C'allinectes sp- blue crab 57 47-192 Family Elopidae - tarpons EZops scious 1 adyf ish 482-495 '

Family Albulidae - bonefishes Albula vulpes bonefish 194'-432 Family Ariidae - sea catfishes Argus feZis sea catfish 18 179-375 Cypmnodonpm'illifishes Family Cyprinodontidae v~egatus sheepshead goldspotted minnow killifish 409 10-14 12-47 PZomdiehthys carpio 2055 Lueania rainwater killifish 18 16-33 Familv Poeciliidae livebearers Be Zones'elizanus pike ki 1 1 i fi sh 2 99-101 Poeci Zia lanai pinna sail tin molly 245 19-62 Family Atherinidae - sil vers ides Athe~nomo~ stripes hardhead sil verside 17 26-45 Menidia beep Zlina tidewater si 1 vers i de 15 23-46 Famil v Svnanathidae pipefishes Syngnathus s p. pipefish 51-73 Family Echeneidae- remoras Echenei s naut'a+es sharksucker 458 TABLE C.l (cont'd)

SHELLFISHES AND FISHES COLLECTED WITHIN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEM DECEMBER, 1974 - JANUARY, 1976 NUMBER RANGE OF OF STANDARD SCIENTIFIC NAME" 'COMMON NAME INDIV IDUALS LENGTHS mm Carangidae - jacks 'amily Caz'anx mpsos blue ru'nner 380 Caza~ hippos crevalle jack 372)

Selene vomez lookdown 268 Family Lutjanidae - snappers Lutjanus apodus schoolmaster 9 209-240 Lutjanus g~seus gray snapper 36 164-336 Family Gerreidae - mojarras t Mapte~ plumier striped mojarra 5 140-427 Eucinostomus az'genteus spotfin mojarra 8 31-115 Eucinostomus gula s'ilver jenny 5 115-121 Genes cinez'eus yellowfin mojarra 76 105-300 Family Sciaenidae drums Henticizz hus littoz'alis Gulf kingfish fragment Family Ephippidae - spadefishes Chaetodiptezus fabez Atlantic spadefish 140-296 Family Mug i i dae -

1 mul 1 ets

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Mugil cephalus striped mullet 230-381

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Family Pomadasyidae - grunts Haemulon pan'ai sailors choice 17 197-278 Haemu ion slums bluestriped grunt 36 186-267 Family Sphyraenidae - barracudas Sphyz aena baz'z'acuda great barracuda 13 365-557 amily Gobiidae - gobies Cobionellus sp. goby 2 17-19 Lophogobius cppvi nodes crested goby 20 31-61 Hiczogobius micz'olepis banner goby 1 40 Family Tetraodontidae - puffers Sphoez oides testudineus checkered puffer 28

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0 e TABLE C.8 TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL FISH ANO SHELLFISH SURVEY OUNE 19 20, 1975 Number Total Range of Station Species of Weight Standard Temp. ( C)

Individuals '( ms) Len ths (mm)

Atlantic spadefish 298 140 31. 5 sailors choice 347 197 bluestriped grun't fragment gray snapper 309-336 1503'223 yell owfin mojarra '71-192 stone crab 26-88 spiny 'lobster 1324 228-254 blue crab 75 90 goldspotted killifish 2 23 31.0 crested goby 34 goldspotted killifish 10 23-38 31. 0 nothing 30. 5 goldspotted killifish 25 23 17 32.0 rainwater ki1,1ifish 19-22 sheepshead minnow 6 19-25 sail fin mol ly 19-36 goldspotted killi fish 23-36 32.5 goldspotted ki11ifish .6 22-34 32.5 goldspotted killifish 23-35 38.5 rainwater killifish 2 22-35 sheepshead minnow 69 17-35

TABLE C.9 TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY JULY 17-18, 1975 Number Total Range of Station Species of 'Wei'ght Standard Individuals ms Len ths (mm) blue crab 83 107

stone crab 1790 76-108 .

Atlantic spadefish 139 150 bonefish 257 258 great barracuda -2350 365-480 yellowfin mojarra " 3 725 191-208 goldspotted killifish 3 24-25 tidewater silversides ll 30 30-46 spotfin mojarra goldspotted killifish 14 18-31 sailors choice 1082 267-273 rainwater- killifish- 16 sheepshead minnow 10-17 gol dspotted kil i fish 1 52 37 17-37 go'ldspotted killifish 94 64 16-33 7 sheepshead minnow 14-16 goldspotted killifish 20-30 goldspotted.killifish 24 sheepshead minnow 21 27 18-35 TABLE C.10 TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY AUGUST 21-22, 1975 Number Total Range of.

Station Species of Meight Standard Indi vi dual s . ( ms Len ths mm) stone crab 2954 91-112 spiny lobster 832 288'17 yellowfin mojarra 291 rainwater killifish 16-18 goldspotted killifish 27 crested goby 48 goldspotted killifish 22-23 pike killifish 54 99-101 yellowfin mojarra 466 140-191 goldspotted killifish 59 56 22-39'6 rainwater killifish goldspotted killifish 65 51, 16-37 goldspotted killifish 251 216 24-38 sheepshead minnow 26 goldspotted killifish 49 52 24-40 sheepshead minnow ,

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TABLE C.16 COMPARISON OF THE NUMBERS OF GOLDSPOTTED KILLIFISH AND SHEEPSHEAD l<INNOWS

• IN RELATION TO WATER TEHPERATURE IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM, DECEMBER, 1974 - JANUARY, 1976 TATION Month 0-0 . 47-1 80-0 55-'0 53-'0 82-0 Dec 21 ~ 0 20. 0 20.0 21.0 22.0 30.0 9-1 13-0 15-'0 4-1 4-0 6-0 Jan 26.5 25.0 29.0 29.5 30.0 34.5 2-0 0-0 0-1 1-0 0-'0 55-18

29. 0 29. 0 33. 0 33.0 33.0 37.5 0-0 13-0 23-5 27-0 5-0 8-1 Mar 24.0 28.5

26. 0 28. 0 28.0 34.5 0-0 3-0 13-1 35-0 3-0 2-0 Apr 27.0 26. 5 29. 0 30. 0 28.5 33.5 0-0 0-0 21-'0 31-0 3-0 10-4 Hay

30. 0 29. 5 .31. 0 31,.5 30 5

~ 37.5 1-0 11-0 25-8 45-0 6-'0 11-69 =,

'1.0 31.0 32.0 32.5 32.5 38. 5 3-0 14-0 52-8 94-0 9-3 1-21 Jul 31.0 31. 0 32.0 32.0 32.5 37.5 1-0 2-0 59-0 65-0 251-'1 49-111 Aug 31 5

~ 31. 5 33.0 34,0. 34.0 41.0 12-0 0-0 36-4 57-'0 82-1 3-26 Sept 31 ~ 5 30.0 34.5 35.0 35.0 38.5 0-0 0-0 39-0 3-'0 21-0 3-19 Oct

30. 0 30. 0 31. 0 31. 5 31.5 38.0 7-0 0-'0 82-13 84-'3 65-2 10-3 Nov

24. 0 24.0 27 ' 26 ' 25.5 31.0 0-0 0-0 6-'1 28-0 8-0 '1-2 Dec 25.0 23.5 '8.5, 28.0 28.0 38.0 0-0 2-0 19-2 16-6 0-0 . 15-16 25.0 23.4 28.5 28.0 28.0 38.0 olds otted killifish - shee shead minnow temperature C 0

III. D. BENTHOS 0.1. HACROINVERTEBRATES INTRODUCTION Macroinvertebrates are animals large enough to be seen by the unaided eye and can be retained by a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve (28 meshes per inch , 0.595 mm openings) (EPA, 1973). They live at least part of thei r life cycles within or upon available substrata in a body of water or water transport system.

The major taxonomic groups of marine macroinvertebrates are polychaete worms, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, and bryozoans.

Benthic macroinvertebrates occupy all levels of the trophic structure of, a marine community, and as such, are important members of the food web. They represent a very diverse aggregate which exhibits the com-'iete range of feeding types and habitat preferences."

A community of macroinver tebrates in an aquatic ecosystem is very sensitive to stress from without. Because of the limited mobility and relatively long life span of benthid invertebrates, their community characteristics are a function of environmental conditions during the recent past. Thus they serve as useful indicators of environmental perturbation.

0 MATERIALS AND METHODS The collection and analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates was accomplished through the use of methods and materials recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 1973); Holme and McIntyre (1971); Standard Methods (APHA, 1971); and NESP (1975).

Benthic sampling in the Turkey Point cooling canal system was accomplished by direct sampling of the bottom substrata by using an Ekman grab. This device is a 6" x 6" metal box equipped with spring-loaded jaws which are closed when tripped with a messenger weight. The enclosed substratum was then raised to the surface and washed through a No.'0 mesh sieve to remove fine sediment and detritus particles. All material retained on the sieve was preserved in a 1:1 mixture of Eosin B and 'Biebrich Scarlet stains in. a 1:1000 concentration of SX formalin (Williams, 1974). These stains color animal tissue red and enable faster, more accurate hand sorting of benthic samples.

Three replicate grab'amples were taken at quarterly intervals at each of eight sampling stations (Figure D.l.l);..'Repli-cation is necessary for valid statistical analysis because of variation in distribution patterns of benthic fauna (EPA, 1973).

Sampling at Station RC.O was hindered by the fact that the sub-stratum was very rocky thus a'llowing the grab to shut without enclosing a sample. No reliable data could be obtained at this station.

Biomass analyses of the grab samples were made on a dry weight basis, exclusive of molluscan shells. This was accomplished by drying whole samples at 105'C for four hours, then weighing them on a Mettler H32 analytical balance (EPA, 1973). Biomass was reported as the mean biomass per replicate per month and also as biomass per t square meter per month. Biomass per square meter, as per square meter, were calculated by taking a mean well the three replicate samples and multiplying by the appropriate factor.

as density of the results of The Shannon-Weaver Index of Diversity and the equitability component was also computed and applied to the data (see Section entitled A Note on Diversi.ty and Equitability) ~

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Benthic macroinvertebrates'at Tur key Point were of four main groups: polychaete marine worms, molluscs (snails and bivalves), crustaceans, and a miscellaneous group of diverse animals which were present irregularly and in small numbers (Tables D.l.l through D.l.7). Polychaetes were the most abundant group. Additional invertebrates were collected during fish surveys (see Section C). These included species of commercially important decapod crustaceans; namely, stone crabs, blue crabs, lobsters, and shrimp.

As evidenced by the large standard deviations, macroinvertebrate distribution was extremely patchy. Density of individuals was dependent on sample site and ranged from 0 to 10,000 individuals per square meter. In general, I

Station F.l, located adjacent to the plant discharge had the lowest mean density while Station H6.2 had the highest mean density. All stations showed increased numbers of individuals over the course of the year. In fact, five stations reached maximum density in December while t the remaining two reached 0.1.8). All stations Hith one maximum were dominated exception (H6.2),

density in to some May (Figures D.1.2 and extent maximum biomass by polychaete worms.

was reached in May while all stations reached their lowest biomass in August (Figures D.1.2 through D.1.8). Primarily due to the presence of populations of relatively heavy-bodied molluscan species, Station RC.2, RF.3, and F.l averaged three. grams or more per square meter throughout the. year. 'O'ther species were small animals which contributed littl'e'o biomass total unless present in large numbers. The remaining stations averaged less than two grams biomass per square meter.

Diversity of the species followed the same general trend as biomass; i.e., maxima in May and minima in August. In most cases, diversity indices in August and December were generally comparable to the indices for February (Figures D.l.2 and D.1.8). The drop in species diversity in the second half of 1975 ended the steadily increasing trend noted over the period June, 1974, to May, 1975 (Applied Biology, Inc., 1975). Hhile low diversity is expected in ecosystems that are relatively new and unestablished, as is the Turkey Point cooling canal system, increasing species diversity is broadly stabilization and'aturation (Odum, 1971). Near the indicative of ecosystem

point of stabilization, overshoots and undershoots around a mean diversity value may be expected. Based on diversity indices alone, the Turkey Point canal system appears to be near the point of ecosystem stabil i ty.'einforcing this view is. the fact that 'seasonal, influences are apparent for the first time. The trend of maximum biomass and diversity in spring and minimum biomass and diversity in late summer is similar to the trend observed in the established ecosys'tern'around Florida Power 5 Light's Fort tiers Plant. At both plants, mimima are coincident with seasonally higher ambient air and water temperatures (Table D.1.8).

The percentage composition of the major groups of macro-invertebrates at each station was, noted to change slightly between the February and May samplings toward a more equitable distribution of individuals among the'ajor groups. This trend was reversed. in the August and December samples when the percentage of polychaetes was noted 4

to increase. At 'Stations RF.3, WF.2, W18.2, and W6.2; the percentage of polychaete worms was well over 90'A (Table D.1.9). It remains for further sampling to determine if this phenomenon is indi-cative of seasonal oscillation in the presence of some invertebrate groups or whether these groups (particularly molluscs and crustaceans) are gradually dying out as a result of failure to reproduce in the

now-isolated canal system. If the trend toward increased percentages of polychaetes continues, this indication of decreased stability would be exactly opposite to indications of approaching stability based on species diversity data.

CONCLUSIONS The general trend of the benthic macroinvertebrate community over the year 1975 is toward generally increasing density, seasonally oscillating biomass and'diversity, and increasin'gly: inequi.table distribution of individuals among the major groups of invertebrates.

Further monitoring should confirm whether or not molluscs and crus-taceans are reproducing in the canal sys'em.. Projections of the future pattern of macroinvertebrate distribution remain essentially the same as that seen in the Semiannual Report k'4 (Applied Biol,ogy, Inc., 1974); i.e., community stability with a relatively low variety I

of species within the canal system as a, result of a lack of means to introduce new species and individuals.

A Note on Oiversit and E uitabilit EPA1973 Diversity indices are an additional tool for measuring the quality of the environment and the effect of induced stress on the structure of a community of macroinvertebrates. Their use is based on the generally observed phenomenon that undisturbed environ-ments support communities having large numbers of species with no individual species present in overwhelming abundance. If the species in such a community are ranked on the basis of their numerical abundance, there will be relatively few species with large numbers of individuals and large numbers of species represented by only a few individuals. Many forms of stress tend to reduce diversity by making the environment unsuitable for some species or by giving other species a competitive advantage.

There are two components'f species diversity: the number of species (species richness) and the distribution of individuals among the species (species evenness). The inclusion of this latter component renders the diversity index independent of sample size.

The Shannon-'l<eaver index of diversity (3) (Lloyd, Zar, and Karr, 1968) calculates mean diversity and is recommended by the EPA (1973)'.

-4 9-

0 C

(N lo 10 N E n,. lo 10 where: C = 3.321928 (converts base 10 log to base 2)

N = total number of individuals n-=

1 total number of individuals of the i species.

Mean diversity as calculated above is affected both by species richness and evenness and may range from 0 to 3.321928 log To evaluate the component of diversity due to the distribution of individuals among the species (equitability), compare the calculated

'8 with a hypothetical maximum 8 based on an arbitrarily selected distribution. This hypothetical maximum would occur when. all species EW are equally abundant. Since this phenomenon is quite unlikely in nature, Lloyd and Ghelardi '(1964) proposed the term'"equitability" and compared 3 with a maximum based on the distribution obtained from MacArthur's (1957) "broken stick" model. The MacArthur model results in distribution quite frequently observed in nature one with a few abundant species and increasing numbers of species represented by only a few individuals. Sample data are not expected to conform to the MacArthur model, since it is only being used as a measure against which the distribution of abundances is compared. Equitability values may range from zero to one except in rare cases where the dis-llt tribution in the sample is more equitable than in the MacArthur model.

Equitability is computed by:

S'

~

S where: S = number of taxa in the sample S' 'ypothetical maximum number of taxa in the sample based on a table devised by Lloyd and Ghelardi.(1964).

1 When Wilhm (1970} evaluated diversity indices calculated from data collected by numerous authors, he found that in unpolluted water d was generally between 3 and 4, whereas in polluted waters, 8 was generally less than 1. However, data collected from south-eastern United States waters by EPA biologists has shown that where degradation is at slight to moderate levels, 3 lacks the sensitivity to demonstrate differences. Equitability, on the contrary, is very sensitive to demonstrate differences. Equitability level:s:below 0.5 have not been encountered in southeastern waters known to be unaffected by oxygen-demanding wastes, and in such waters, e generally ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. Even slight levels of degradation have been found to reduce equitability below 0.5 and generally to a range of 0.0 to 0.3.

0 LITERATURE CITED

l. APHA, 1971. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (13th ed. ). Ameri can Publ i c Health Assoc. New York. 874 p.

2.'pplied Biology, Inc. 1974. Turkey Point Units 3:aQd 4, Semiannual Environmental Report No. 4; July 1, 1974 through December 31, 1974.

3. Applied Biology, Inc. 1975. Turkey Point Units 3 and 4.

Semiannual Environmental Report No. 5; January 1, 1975 through June 30, 1975.

4. EPA. 1973. Biological Field'and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the guality of Surface Waters and Effluents (EPA 670/4-73-001). C. I. Webber (ed.),

Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnats.

5. Holme, N.A., and A.D. McIntyre. Methods for the-study of Marine Benthos. IBP. Handbook No. 16. Blackwell 's Oxford. 214 p.

6. -

Lloyd, M., and R.J. Ghelardi. 1964. A table for calculating the "equitability" component of species diversity.

J. Anim. Ecol. 33:217-225.

7. Lloyd, M., J.H. Zar, and J.R. Karr. 1968. On .the calculation of information - theoretical measures of diversity. Amer.

Mid. Natur. 79(2):257-272.

8. MacArthur, R.H. 1957. On the relative abundance of bird species. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, D.C. 43:

293-295.

9. NESP, 1975. National Environmental Studies Project.

Environmental Impact Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants: Source Book of Monitoring Methods. Battelle Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio. 918 p.

LITERATURE CITED

10. Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders.'hil ade1 phi a. 574 p.

ll. Wilhm, J.L. 1970. Range of diversity index in benthic populations J. Mater Poll. Fed.

macroinvertebrate 42(5)'R221-R224.

12. Williams, G.E.,III. 1974. New techniques to facilitate hand-picking macrobenthos. Trans. Amer. hiicros. Soc.

93(2):220-226.

TABLE D.l.l DENSITY AND BIONSS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES AT STATION RC.2 TURKEY POINT POWER PLANT%1975 DENSITY SPECIES February htay August December Phylum Nematoda nematode worms 1.33+ 2.31 1.67+ 2.89 Phylum Sipunculida sipunculids PhascoZion sp. 1.33+ 2.31 2.67+ 2.31 Class Polychaeta worms Family Ampharetidae 2.67+ 4.62 Family Capi tell idae 1.33+ 2.31 Family Cirratulidae 2.67+ 2.31 1.00+ 1.73 Family Dorvilleidae 1.33+ 2.31 Family Flabelligeridae 5.33+ 2.31 Family hialdanidae 2.67+ 3.06 4.00+. 6.93 Family Nereidae 10.67+10.06 10.67+ 8.33 16.00+10. 58 14.67+11.55 Family Opheliidae 0.33+ 0.58 Family Phyllodocidae 0.33+ 0.58 Family Syllidae SyLLia sp. 22.00+ 4.00 12.00+ 6.93 34.67+15.87 AutoLytua sp. 40.67+21.94 5.33+ 3.06 5.33+ 6.11 36.00+17.32 Fami ly Terebel 1 idae 1.33+ 2.31 3.67+ 4.04 1.33+ 2.31 Family Sabel 1 idae 1.33+ 2.31 Class Gastropoda snails CrepiduEa macuLoaa 1.00+ 1.00 CycLoatzemiacus triL~ 0.67+ 1.15 Haminoea eLegana 0.33+ 0.58 Prunum cpicinum 1.33+ 2.,31 Class Pelecypoda bivalves Brachidontea ecuatua 0.67+ 1.15 Chione cance LLata 0.67+ 1.15 DipLodonta nucEei fonrria 0.67+ 1.15 Lucina muLtiLineata 1.33+ 2.31 1.33+ 2.31 6.67+ 4.90 lyonai a fLoruhna 1.67+ 2.08 Modu Lua carchedoni ua 0.67+ 1.15 Paeudocyrena fEoridana 1.33+ 2.31 TeLLina aLtez nata 1.33+ 2.31 Class Crustacea ostracods CyLindroLeberia mariae 6. 67+11. 55 1.00+ 1 73~ 14.67+ 4.62 6 '7+ 2.31 Saraie LEa ameHema 0.33+ 0.58 1.33+ 2.31 1.33+ 2.31 amphi pod s ZLaamopua Levia 2.67+ 4.62 1.33+ 2.31 Lyaicnopaia aLba 1.33+ 2.31 mySidS Myaia atenoLepia 0.33+ 0.58 ~

1.33+ 2.31 shrimp ALpheua amiLLatua 5.33+10.26 1.33+ 1.15 PaLaemonetea pugio 4.33+ 4.04 Class Ascidiacea sea squirts MoLguLa sp. 6.67+11.55*

Yean Density per Replicate 74.00 70.67 60.00 116.00 Density per m 3189.66 3046.12 2586.21 5000.00 Mean Biomass per Replicate (g) 0.104 0.145 0.0108 0.0181 Biomass per m. (9/m ) 4.483 6.250 0.4655 0. 7802 Index of Diversity (8) 2.23 3.50 2.73 2.74 li Equi tabi ty (e) 0.63 0.65 0.92 0.66

• Biomass of this animal not avera ed in mean biomass.

TABLE D.l.2 DENSITY AND BIOMASS OF BENTHIC HACROINVERTERBATES AT STATION E3.2 TURKEY POINT POWER PLANT%1975 SPECIES February August December Phylum Nematoda nematode worms 1.33+ 2.31 5.33+ 6.11 Phylum Sipunculida sipunulids Phaecotion sp. 0.67+ 1.15 Phylum Pri apul ida priapulid worms Pviapulue caudatue 0.67+ 1.15 Class Polychaeta worms Family Dorvil 1 eidae 2.67+ 3.25 5.33+ 6.11 Family Fl abel 1 i geridae 2.00+ 2.00 9.33+ 6.11 Family Mal dani dae 0.67+ 1.15 Family Nereidae 1.33+ 2.31 4 '7+ 4.62 4.00+ 6.93 2.67+ 4.62 Family Opheliidae 0.67+ 1.15 Family Sabellidae 2.00+ 2.00 0.67+ 1.15 1.67+ 2.08 Family Syllidae Syllie sp. 7.33+ 1.15 12.67+ 3.06 30.67+26.63 40.00+21.17 Autolytue sp. 30.67+11.22 13.33+ 6.43 5.67+ 2.08 33.33+14.05 Family Terebellidae 2.00+ '3.46 5.33+ 6.11 12.00+ 0.00 Class Pelecypoda bivalves Aetarte nana 1.33+ 2.31 ti Lucina mul lineata 11.33+ 2.00 9.33+ 2.31 1.33+ 2.31 13.33+ 9.24 Lyoneia floridana 0.67+ 1.15 Class Crustacea ostracods +Zindzoleberie mariae 6.00+ 3.46 24.0(H 5.29 4.00+ 4.00 12.00+ 4.00 Sareiella americana 1.33+ 2.31 2.67+ 4.62 copepods Empacticue sp. 0.67+ 1.15 0.33+ 0.58 isopods Cilicaea caudata 1.33+ 2.31 amphi pods Elaemopue leuie 1.33+ 2.31 2.33+ 2.08 Erichthonius braei Hensis 0.67+ 1.15 5.00+ 4.72 1.33+ 2.31 mysids Nyeie etenolepie 1.33+ 2.31 0.33+ 0.58 5.33+ 2.31 shrimp Eippoly te pleuracantha 4.00+ 6.93 0.33+ 0.58 2.67+ 2.31 Mean Density per Replicate 68.67 74.67 68. 33 141. 33 Density per m 2959.48 3218.97 2945.26 6091.81 Mean Biomass per Replicate (g) 0.056 0.052 0.0062 0.0251 Biomass'er m (g/m ) 2.414 2.413 0.2672 1.0819 Index of Diversity (8) 2.60 2.73 2.93 2.98 Equitability (e) 0.70 0.71 0.67 0 '6

TABLE D.1.3 DENSITY AND BIOMASS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES AT STATION RF.3 TURKEY POINT POWER PLANT, 1975 SPECIES February August December Phylum Sipunculida sipunculids Phascolion sp. 3.00+ 2.00 Class Polychaeta worms Family Cirratulidae 1.33+ 2.31 1.33+ 2.31 Family Dorvilleidae 4.00+ 4.00 1.33+ 2.31 Family Flabelligeridae 8.00+ 3.27 9.33+ 4.62 Family Ner eidae 4.00+ 6.93 2.67+ 4.62 Family Sabel1 i dae 1.33+ 2.31 4.00+ 4.00 Family Serpulidae , 22.00+ 3.46 Family Spionidae 8.00+ 6.93 Family Syllidae Syllis sp. 2.67+ 2.31 18.00+ 8.72 26.67+ 6.11 16.00+ 8.00 Autolytus sp. 13.33+12.22 9.33+ 8.33 20.00+ 6.93 17.33+ 4.62 Family Terebel 1 i dae 14.67+16.97 2.67+ 4.62 5.33+ 2.31 5.33+ 6.11 Class Gastropoda snails BulEa occidentaHs 1.33+ 2.31 Class Pelecypoda bivalves Nplodonta nucleiformia 10.67+15.14 Tucina muZtilineata 1.33+ 2.31 5.33+ 4.62 1.33+ 2 '1 Lyonsia fEoridana 0 67+ 1.15

~

Class Crustacea ostracods CyKindroleberis mariae ~

1.33+ 2.31 ~

29,33440.46 4.00+ 0.00 5.33+ 4.68 Sarsi el Ea americana 4.67+ 6.43 1.33+ 2.31 copepods Harpacticus sp. 0.67+ 1.15 amphi pods ZEasmo~cs Eerie 0:67+ 1.15 ZrjchtTionius brasi liensis 13.33+16.65 shrimp Alpheus armiEEatus 0.67+ 1.15 Mean Density per Replicate 52.00 113.00 72.00 66.67 Density per m 2241.38 4870.69 3103. 45 2873.71 Mean Biomass per Replicate (g) 0.111 0.171 0.0073 0.0115 Biomass per m (9/m ) 4.784 7.371 0.3147 0.4957 Index of Diveristy (1) 2 ~ 43 3.06 2.66 2.77 Equitability (e) 0.92 0.74 0.97 ).05

TABLE D.1.4 DENSITY AND BIOHASS OF BENTHIC HACROINVERTEBRATES AT STATION WF.2 TURKEY POINT POWER PLANT, 1975 SPECIES February August December Phylum Nematoda

~

nematode worms 15.33+17.24 Phylum Sipunculida sipunculids Phascolion sp. 3.33+ 6.00 Class Polychaeta worms Family Flabelligeridae 1.33+ 2.31 2.67+ 4.62 Family Nereidae 45:33+15.14 1.33+ 2.31 12.00+ 4.00 58.67+

Family Opheliidae 2.67+ 2.31 Family Serpulidae 8.00+ 8.00 Family Syllidae Spllis sp. 1.33+ 2.31 59. 33+21. 01 33.33+ 8.33 5.33+ 6.11 AutoEytus sp. 10.00+ 3.46 7.33+ 5.03 69.33+28.38 16.00+14.42 Family Terebellidae 1.33+ 2.31 '1.33+ 2.31 Class Gastropoda snails Bulla occidentalis 10.67+ 3.67 Class Pelecypoda bivalves Astm te nana 0.67+ 1 ~ 15 Diplodonta nuclei formis 1.33+ 2.31 Lucina multi lineata 9.33+ 2.31 Tellina altenuxta 1.33+2.31 Class Crustacea amphipods Zlasmopus levis 6.00+ 7.21 4.00+ 4.00 Erichthonius brasi liensis 2.67+ 4.62 Hean Density per Replicate 68. 67 121.33 116.00 85.33 Density per m 2959.91 5229.74 5000.00 3678.02 Hean Biomass per Beplicate (9) 0.011 0.168 0.0044 0.0019 Biomass per m (g/m2) 0.474 7.241 0.1897 0.0819 Index of Diversity (d) 1 ~ 65 2.50 1.37 1.42 Equitability (e) 0.57 0.71 0.80 0.56 0

TABLE 0.1,5 DENSITY AND BIONASS OF BENTHIC NACROINVERTEBRATES AT STATION W18.2 TURKEY POINT POWER PLANT, 1975 SPECIES Februar Au ust December Phylum Sipunculida sipunculids Phaecolion sp. 1:33+ 2.31 Class Polychaeta worms Family Flabelligeridae 5.33+ 4.62 6.67+ 6.11 Family Nephthyidae 1.33+ 2.31 Family Nereidae 36.67+15.01 2.33+ 7.02 14.67+12.86 70.67+19.73 Family Sabellidae 0.67+ 1.15 Family Serpulidae 7.33+ 4.16 Family Syllidae Syllie sp. 7.33+ 6,43 14.00+ 9.17 16.00+13.86 20.00+ 0.00 AutoLytue sp. 2.00+ 2.00 7.33+ 4.16 72.00+47. 16 88.00+42.33 Class Gastropoda snails Bulla occidentalie 0.67+ 1.15 Class Pelecypoda bivalves Aetarte nana 0.67+ 1.15 2.00+ 2.00 Lucina multilineata 0.67+ 1.15 3.33+ 4.16 Lyoneia fEoridana 2.00+ 2.00 Pitar album 1.33+ 2.31 Class Crustacea ostracods Cylindroleberie mariae 0.67+ 1.15 isopods Ci L caea caudata 1.33+ 1.15 amphi pods ZLaemopue Leuie 3.33+ 5.77 Zrichthoniue braei lieneie 0.67+ 1.15 Zemiaegina minuta 5.33+ 7.57 Lyeianopeie alba 0.67+ 1 ~ 15 shrimp Alpheue mvniLLatue 1.33- 2.31 Nean Density per Replicate 57.33 .50.67 108.00 186.67 Density per m 2471.12 2184.05 4655.17 8046.12 Mean Biomass per Replicate (g) 0.019 0.109 0.0368 0.0181 Biomass per m (g/m ) 0.819 4.698 1.5862 0.7802 Index of Diversity (d) 1.72 3.18 1.40 1. 61 Equitability (e) 0.61 0.86 0.82 0.77

'I

TABLE 0,1.6 DENSITY AND BICHASS OF BENTHIC HACROINVERTEBRATES AT STATION W6.2 TURKEY POINT POWER PLANT, 1975 DENSXTY SPECIES February August December Phylum Nematoda nematode worms 6.67+ 6.11 Class Polychaeta worms Family Flabelligeridae 10.67+ 4.62 Family Nereidae 9. 33+16. 17 14.67+12.86 52 ~ 00+10. 58 Family Sabellidae 1.33+ 2.31 Serpulidae 'amily 2.67+ 2.31 Family Syllidae Syllis sp. 8.00+ 4.00 19.33+ 5.03 40.00418.33 61.33+78.93 Autolytus sp. 9.33+ 4.68 17.33+ 2.31 42.67+33.55 .96.00+68.00 Family Terebe1 1 idae 2.67+ 2.31 1.33+ 2 '1 Class Gastropoda snail s Bulla occidentalis 2.67+ 4.62 Baminoea elegans 0.67+ 1.15 2.67+ 4.62 Class Pelecypoda bivalves Astarte nana 4.0& 6.93 0.67+ 1.15 2.67+ 4.62 1.33+ 2.31 mu ltilineata

'ucina 2.67+ 4.62 Lyonsia floridana 4.67+ 1.15. 2.67+ 2.31 2.67+ 2.31 Tel lina alternata 1.33+ 2.31 Class Crustacea ostracods +lindroleberis mariae 2.67+ 2.31 4.00+ 4.00 amphipods Elasmopus leuis 5 ~ 33+ 2.31 2.67+ 2.31 1.33+ 2.31 Zemiaegina minuta 1.33'.31 shrimp Alpheus azvm,llatus 1.33+ 2.31 Hean Density per Replicate 52.00 56.00 102.67 232.00 Density per m 2241.38 2413.79 4425.43 10000.00 Hean Biomass per Replicate (a) 0.024 0.026 0.0087 0.0869 Biomass per m 1.035 1.121 0.3750 3.7457 Index of Diversity (3) 3.02 2. 53 1.73 2.10 Equitability (e) 1.18 0.80 0. 85 0.52

. 0 I

TABLE O.l.7 OENSITY At(0 BIOMASS OF BENTHIC HACROINVERTEBRATES AT STATION F.l TURKEY POINT POWER PLANT, 1975 SPECIES February August Oecember Phylum Sipuncul ida sipuncul ids PhasooHon sp. 2.67+ 2.31 Class Polychaeta worms Family Maldanidae 5.33+ 2.31 Family Nereidae 9.67+ 5.51 12.00+ 4.00 Family Syllidae SplHs sp. 2.67+ 4.62 Autolptus sp. 29.33+23.44 Class Gastropoda

,snails Batillaria minima '6.67+19.43 80.00449. 15 Fpdrobia minuta 1.00+ 1.00 Class Pelecypoda bival ves Luoina multiHneata 1.33+ 2.31 Class Crustacea amphipods Zlasmopus levis 1.33+. 2.31 Bemiaegina minuta 0.33+ 0.58 crabs Pinni~ sapana 0.67+ 0.84 Hean Oensity per Replicate 0.33 28.00 134.67 Oensity per m 14.22 1206 '0 5804.74 Bean Biomass per Replicate (g) 0.0002 0.170 0.1485 Biomass per m (g/m ) 0.009 7.328 6.4009 Index of Diversity (8) 0.00 1 ~ 28 1,78 Equitability (e) 1.00 '0. 74 0.56 TABLE D.1.8 HATER TEMPERATURES ('C) MEASURED DURING BENTHIC SAMPLING TURKEY POINT POWER PLANT, 1975

~

~

STATION Feb Mar Au Dec RC.2 29.0 30.0 31. 5 25.0 E3.2 29.0 29.5 30.0 23.5 RF:3 29:0 30.0 32.0 25.0 WF.2 33.0 31.0 34.5 28.5 H18. 2 33. 0 31. 5 ~

35.0 28.0 W6.2 33.0 30.5 35.0 28. 0 F. 1 37.5 37.5 38.5 38.0

TABLE D.'1.9 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AT BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING STATIONS, TURKEY POINT POWER PL'ANT, 1975 Percenta e'of Total STATION 'MOLLUSCS DATE POLYCHAETES CRUSTACEANS OTHERS RC. 2 Feb 74. 8 1.8 21. 6 1.8 May 65.6 11.1 9.5 13. 8 Aug" 68.9 2.2 28.9 Dec 81.7 8.0 8.0 2.3 MEAN 72;75+ 7.07 5.78+ 4.54 17.00+10.00 4.48+: 6.29 E3. 2 Feb 64. 4 16. 6 16.0 3.0 May 42.8 13.4 35.7 8.1 Aug 76.1 1.8 22.0 Dec, 73. 3 10.5 16.2

~

MEAN 64.15+15.08 10.58+ 6.36 22.48+ 9.25 2.78+ 3.82 RF.. 3 Feb 68.2 2.6 28. 2 May 49.9 16.1 32 ~ 2 1.8 Aug 90.7 1.9 7.4 Dec 92.0 2.0 6.0 MEAN 75;20+20.10 5.65+ 6.97 18.45>13.68 0.45+ 0.90 WF.2 Feb 86.4 1.0 12.6, May 63. 7 '17.6 3.3 15.4 Aug 100.0.

Dec 98.4 1.6 MEAN 87.13+16.75 5.05+ 8.39 3.98+ 5.96 3.85+ 7.70 W18. 2 Feb 81.1 1.2 17. 7 May 74.8 18. 5 4.1 2:6 Aug 100.0 ~0 Dec 99.3 0.7 MEAN 88.80012.79 4.93+ 9.07 5.63+ 8.25 0.65+'-1;30 WG. 2 Feb 56.4 12. 7 18.0 12.9 May 61.6 21. 8 16.6 Aug 94. 8 5.2 Dec 95.4 3.4 1.2 MEAN 77.05+20.95 10.78+ 8.38 8.95+ 9.67 3.23+ 6.46 F. 1 Feb 100.0 May 34.6 62.9 2.5 Aug Dec. 36.6 60.4 1.0 2.0 MEAN 17.8+ 20.57 30.83+35,61 25.88+49.43 0.50+ 1.00

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D. 2 MICROB IOL'OGY

'NTRODUCTION The microbiological study of the Turkey Point can'al sediments provided determinations of total bacterial isolates. These isolates are characteristized according to their ability to utilize various organic (carbohydrate, lipid, protein) and inorganic (nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite, and ammonia) substrates. Bacterial cycling of nutrients as energy or food sources is essential for the growth and diversity of higher

\

organisms living in the canal environment.

METHODS 'AND 'MATERIALS Sediment samples were taken with a gravity type core sampler (Mildco Supply Company) at eight stations within the Turkey Point canal system and three control stations in 'Biscayne Bay (Figure D.2.1). Serial I

dilutions were madefor estimating total bacterial counts by the most probable number (MPN) method (Table D.2.11). Inocula were taken from the sediment samples to obtain representative bacterial isolates (Benson, 1973).

Taxonomic identification of the bacterial isolates was based on morphology, staining reactions, and biochemical capabilities (Table D.

2.1). Classification to genus followed J. M. Shewan .(1963), (Table 0.2.2).

Gram-positive rods and cocci not included in Shewan's analysis were identi-fied to the lowest taxonomic level (Table D.2.3).

The potential application of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis to develop a chemical profiling technique for sediments is being experimentally investigated. If successful, this technique will give a rapid assay of biomass in sediments.

A.'Cb d t A major complex carbohydrate found in the marine environment is chitin. Chitin is composed of repeating units of N-acetyl-glucosamine, a derivative of the simple sugar, glucose, which contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. I It is the basic structural substance in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, insects, and other arthropods. The major contributors to the pool of chitin are planktonic copepods which produce an estimated several million tons each year. Production of chitin without sufficient degradation: would result in depletion of fundamental elements from the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

Another complex carbohydrate found in'.the estuarine environ-ment is cellulose from the cell walls of plants. Cellulose is believed to make up more than 50% of the total organic carbon in the biosphere.

Very similar to chitin, cellulose is composed of repeating units of glu-cose molecules instead I

of glucosamine, so that nitrogen is not a component.

Insufficient bacterial degradation of cellulose would make carbon less available for use by other organisms.

0 Utilization of small carbohydrates as energy or food sources was also included in the characterization of isolates. Lactose, glucose, mannitol, and saccharose were used as the test sugars. Lactose is composed of galactose and glucose, while saccharose is composed of fructose and glucose. Glucose and mannitol are simple sugars. Tables D.2.4 and D.2.6 illustrate the percentage'of isolates hydrolyzing carbohydrate substrates.

B. Proteins Proteins occurring free in the marine environment are products

.of degradation of dead plants and animals. Degradation of free protein t contributes to the carbon, nitrogen, tein) hydrolysis of a by marine bacteria and sulfur pools.

shows good Casein (milk pro-correlation with hydrolysis naturally occurring marine protein (Sizemore and Stevenson, 1970),

this test. was performed on selected bacterial isolates.

and I

C. ~Li ids Lipid hydrolysis was assayed as the percentage of bacterial isolates hydrolyzing olive oil on spir'it, blue agar (Difco). Since lipids contain a number of elements and are generally of low solubility, their hr eakdown., is. an important: component-..of. nutrient turnover .

D. Nitro en and Sulfur The role of the bacterial isolates in specific steps of the nitrogren and sulfur cycles was investigated. Nitrogen exists in the en-vironment in several forms, including: molecular nitrogen, ammonia, amines,

nitrites, nitrates, and protein, The production of aomonia from proteins (ammonification), aomonia oxidation of nitrite and then nitrate, and the reduction of nitrates are all normal phenomena in a healthy environment, and were used as indicators of utilization of nitrogen compounds by the bacterial isol ates.

Sulfate and sulfite reduction to sulfide was qualitatively investigated. guantitative analyses for sulfate and sulfite will be added to the investigation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Analysis of bacterial counts of sediment samples from eight stations in the Turkey Point canal indicated peaks coincident with counts made of'samples from three control stations in Biscayne Bay. These peaks occurred during the months of July, October, and December (Figure D.2.2).

The highest monthly mean bacterial count from the canal station was 1,432.5 x 10 /gram of sediment (Table D.2.11). In October,'the highest monthly mean bacterial counts from the bay stations were 491.5 x 10 /gram of sediment.

The peak bacterial counts in July coincide with near-peak monthly average temperature measurements. The July average temperature. in the canal was 32.2'C,. which compares closely with an average of 33'C obtained from three E

bay stations. The discrepancy in bacterial counts in the canal and bay during their peak months (2.9 times greater numbers in the canal than in the bay) does not coincide with a significant difference in temperature.

Other variables, independent of temperature, may be responsible.

0

~ i 4

Bacteria isolated from the canal sediments were found capable of utilizing nitrogen as an energy source (Table D.2.5). A large number of isolates from the canal sediments produced proteolytic enzymes (Table D."2.6).

The percentage of isolates from the canal liberating ammonia from proteins varied from a low in August of 16.7Ã to a high of 85.75 in January. In June, 1005 of the bay isolates were capable of ammonification, while none tested in August and September demonstrated this capa011i:ty. These results are consistent with the expected physiological capabilities of the kinds of bacteria found in the canal (Table D.2.7), predomoninantly P'd'.'dd.d',dddd,ddd,d~dl and are consistent with reports of other researchers (Rheinheimer, 1974; Morita, et al., 1973).

Salinity and conductivity measurements are presented in Tables D.2.8 and D.2.9. Salinity varied from a low in June of 8.8 to a high of 33.5 ppt in November. Conductivity measurements, ranged from 29,130 umhos in March to 50,000 mhos in July. These conditions require that the bacteria be either halotolerant or obligatory halophiles (Benson, 1973; Forobisher, 1970}. Halotolerant; bacteria are those capable of living in salty environ-ments but do not require high salt in order to survive, Obligatory halo-philes, on the other hand, require that the salt concentration be no less dd than 13 ppt.

Bacteria Ahich':ate capable of'etabolizing chitin are called chi,tiopolasts..;. Bacterial isolates from the canal and Biscayne Bay hydro-lyzed chitin (Table D.2.3} at rates associated with marine chitinoclastic

~ '

of chitnoclasts is significant in that products of chitin degradation are capable of being returned to the aquatic enviroment (Lehninger, 1971).

Lipid was found to be hydrolyzed by up to,62K of the isolates t (Table D.2.6).

capable None of the isolates of July of lipid hydrolysis.

and September were found Sulfate reducers were present in the canal sediments (Table D.2.

to be

10) in numbers comparable with those isolated from the bay.

Bacteria which metabolize. carbohydrates are called saccha-O rolytic ("sugar-splitters"). They are less important in marine systems than in other habitats (Rheinheimer, 1974). Coliform bacteria are indicators of fecal pollution. 'Typically, they ferment the sugar, lactose. It is important to note the low numbers of lactose fermenters present in either the canal or Biscayne Bay (Table D.2.4) which is a good indicator of the lack of coliforms in either system (Table D.2.7).

The number of bacteria was higher during the high temperature months. Whether this is due directly to temperatures is not known at this time, but temperature was clearly not correlated with the vavient of bac-terial isolates.

Conclusions regarding the effects of temperature on growth vates and metabolic activities cannot be made without additional data.

Laboratory studies are continuing.

CHEMICAL PARAMETERS quantitative determinations of nitrates, nitrites, anmonia, sulfate, sulfide, and total phosphate were obtained from sediment samples.

Sediment samples were preserved with 40 mg HgC12/1 and main-tained at 4'C. Each of the nutrients was analyzed according to Standard Methods (APHA, 1971),

In order to determine whether the nutrients in .the canal were available as soluble or insoluble species, an insoluble nutrient analysis was done. Beginning in July, the monthly chemical analysis was included in this study (Tables'D.2.12 through 0.2.31).

Sulfide levels indicated that a majority exists in the insoluble form (Table D.2.2 through Table D.2.24). A more active sul-fate and sulfite reduction to insoluble metal-sulfides instead of hydro-gen sulfide gas may account for higher levels of insoluble sulfide.

By far, the majority of the sulfur compounds exists as sulfates (Tables D.2.19 and D.2.22). This could be an indicator of a lack of sulfate reducing bacteria. This is not necessarily reflected in the bacteriological data on sulfate reducing bacteria. The bacteriological analysis was conducted under laboratory conditions and may not reflect the environmental con-'itions in the canal.

The analysis of nitrogen species reflected a good balance between nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia (Tables 0.2.12, 0.2.13, 0.2.14, D.2.25, 0.2.26, and 0.2.27). These data are consistent with bacteriological data (Table D.2.5) that demonstrate active ammonia production and ammonia oxidation.

i ~Summar Bacteria were isolated from monthly collections of Biscayne Bay and Turkey Point Canal system sediments. A total of 220 isolates were tested on triple sugar iron agar, sulfate reducing medium, sulfite agar, ammonium nitrate and nitrite media, casein agar, chitin medium, indol medium, urea agar, spirit blue agar, and lactose, mannitol, glucose, and saccharose broth media.

Bacteria found in the Turkey Point canals were of the same A, lib',

types as found in Biscayne A I b Bay and were t,~A1 predominantly Pseudomonas, 1i, ~Ch, d B ti1 Xanthomonas, Chemical tests were performed on sediment samples from the Turkey Point Canals and Biscayne Bay for soluble nitrates, nitrites, amaonia, total phosphates, sulfates, sulfites, sulfides, and insoluble sulfates, sulfites, and sulfides. Information obtained on the quantity of insoluble sulfides supported bacteriological data on sulfate reducers.

No significant differences were found between bacteria of Biscayne Bay and Turkey Point Canal system sediments. Isolates were similar in kinds and physiological capacities.

'LITERATURE'CITED American"Public. Health, Association." 1971. 'Standard'Methods fov the B'.amination of ~Dair 'Produtts . 13th eeeem ~or . American tMA t Il.d. 1919.

.Brown Company I:

- Du Mi bi I uque, Iowa.

I I '~A'l l ti . P bl . 9 . C.

Campbell, L.L., Jv. and O.B. Williams. 1951. A study of chitin de-composing micvoorganisms of marine origin. J; Gen.'Micr'obiol.

5: 894-905.

Frobisher, 1970. In: 'Fundamentals'of 'Microbidloa, pp. 1-629.

M.

PBI.W.B.Add py,B'mdp L h I 9,Inc. A.L.N.Y. 1911. I: ~Bi h 'I . P bli h d by it th P bii h Movita, R.Y., L.P. Jones, R.P. Griffiths, and T.E. Staley. 1973. Salinity and temperature interactions and their relationship to the micro-biology of the estuarine environment. In'.'Estuarine 'Microbial

Ecole, pp. 221-232. Univ. of s.c. press, cCoCum>ia, s.c.-

evenson and R.R. Colwell (ed.).

th

t. 19yt. I:'m Ai M~i h' . P bii h d by IMI y-Intevscience. N.Y.

Shewan, J.N. 1963. The differentiation of certain geneva of Gvam-negative bacteria. frequently encountered in marine environments.

In S osium'on'Marine'Micvobiolog , pp. 449-521. C.D. Thomas, Spring le, PIT.~. ppen armer (ed').':

0 0

SAMP L I N G LOCAT I ON S FO R M IC ROB I OLO G I CAL S TU D I ES FIGURE D. 2. I

~ L- X X TURKEY PT.

Bl SCAY NE RC. 0 BAY W6.2 E 3.2 W I 8.2 RC.2 COOLING CANALS WF.2 RF.3

//

I/

/

/

C A R D

~

l S 0 U N D c

~@%

e MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYS.

FIGURE D. 2. 2 an O

I-700 40.0 an UJ 4J 600 36.0 K UJ 32.0

+g'LI SOO r LU I- z I 0-r+ 28.0 O K +400 O U) an gg D

300 24.0 +z

~

X z 0:

LU Q.

200 20.0 Ill I-Ioo Ix JAN. MAR. MAY JUL. SEPT. NOV.

FEB. APR. JUN. AUG. OCT. OEC.

I,400 an O

40.0 I-

~ g700 I- cf mh an z I- ~+600 x OI-j+ z C9 an taJ Q

I- ~500 32.0 O xz 0 r L, 0

~ 0-400 a 28.0 O

~ UJ UJ m 300 24.0 LaJ I- Z O ~ I-

)<

UJ z200 20.0 ~z CL UJ I-I 00 IX IX JAN. MAR.

"'PR. MAY JUL..SEPT NOV.

FEB. JUN. AUG. OCT. DEC.

MPN (MOST PROBABLE NUMBER)

TEMPERATURE TABLE D.2.1.

DETERMINATIVE TESTS USED FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TEST

SUMMARY

OF. METHODOLOGY I

Gram Stain 1 Air dry smear, heat fix 2 Crystal violet stain, rinse'with H20 (3 Apply mordant (iodine), rinse with H 0 4 Decolorize with Gram's alcohol, rinse with H20 (5 Safranin stain, rinse with H20.-

Spore Stain (1) Air dry smear, heat fix (2 Apply lX methylene blue stain, rinse with H20.

C Catalase Test (1) Apply a drop of 3/ H202 to an isolated colony.

Oxygen Dependency '(1) An agar-shake is made in a culture tube with

. each isolate to be tested.

Oxidase Test (1) A drop of oxidase reagent (lX tetramethyl-p-phenylene-diamine dihydrochloride) is applied to each isolated colony to be tested.

Penicillin Sensitivity (1.) A Difco penicillin disk (5 units) is applied to each plate streaked with bacteria.

Methyl-Red/Voges-Proskauer Test Meth 1 Red (1) Add methyl red solution to a 24-48 hour culture of the bacteria to be tested.

Vo es-Proskauer (1) Add 18 drops of Barritt's solution A to one ml of a 24-48 hour culture (2) Add 18 drops of Barritt's solution B to the above and shake.

Indol e (1) Grow each bacterial isolate in 1% tryptone broth (Difco) for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> (2) After 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> add 10-12 drops of Kovac's reagent.

1 Citrate Utilization (1) Streak each isolate on a slat of Simmon's Citrate Agar and incubate for 24 hours.

e TABLE D.2.1 (continued)

TEST

SUMMARY

OF METHODOLOGY Urea Hydr olysis (1) Inoculate each isolate into lA Difco urea broth containing phenol i.ed indicator.

i i ty Inoculate Difco motility medium with each isolate.

~ ~

1 (1)

II Ammonification of (1) Add a drop of a 4, 7, 10, 14, or 21 day culture Chitin grown in selective medium to a spot plate well

'(2) Test for production of ammonia from chitin with Nessler's reagent

{3) Confirm by observing culture for an additional

" 1-2 weeks for visual evidence of chitin degrada-tion in the tube.

Ammonification of (1) Inoculate peptone broth with each isolate to be Peptone. tested (2) Test for presence of ammonia after 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days with Nessler.'s reagent.

Metabolism of (1) Culture isolated bacteria in specific sugar broths Carbohydrates, (2) Observe for change in color of phenol red indica-

~

tor.from red to yellow as evidence of sugar metabolism.

Nitrate Reduction (1) Inoculate isolate to be tested into BBl trypticase nitrate broth (2) After incubation, test for production of nitrite by adding a drop, of the culture to a spot well con-taining 3 drops of Trommsdorf's reagent and one drop of dilute {1 part acid: 3 parts distilled H20) sulfuric acid (3) Observe for development of an intense blue-black color.

Sul fate Reduction {1) Bacterial isolates grown on triple sugar iron agar and.sulfate reducer. API agar.

Sulfite Reduction (1) Bacterial isolates grown on BBL sulfite agar for 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> and examined fol appearance of blackened

'areas, indi cating formation of sulfide.

0 4

TABLE D.2.2 DETERMINATIVE IDENTIFICATION SCHEME FOR GRAM NEGATIVE, ASPOROGENOUS RODS Kovac's oxidase Posi tive MOTILE

'ON-HOT Kovac's oxidase Ne ative I LE "Paracolons

1) Usual ly achro- 1) Bright yellow 1) No pigmentation 1) No pigmentation 1) Pigmentation-yellow matic pigmentation yellow-orange, orange

2) Di ffusable 2) No diffusable 2) No diffusable 2) Sensitive to pigment pigment pigment penicillin

3) Biochemically 3) Biochemically 3) Glucose fermented 3) 'Short, stout rods inactive on active on sugars sugars

4) Penicillin no flexing, flexing sensitive motil i ty motility Pseudomonas sp. Xanthomonas sp. Aeromonas sp. Achromobacter sp. Flavobacteriom sp. ~tto ha a sp.

Vibrio sp. ~A~ca i ches sp.

0 TABLE 0.2.3 DETERHINATIVE IDENTIFICATION SCHEHE FOR GRAH POSITIVE RODS GRAN STAIN POSITIVE RODS Non-motile rods, no endospores Hotile rods, (most) with endospores Propionic acid Weakly Anaerobic Aerobic fermented fermen ta ti ve sporeformers sporeformers Propionibacteriaceae Corynebacteriaceae Clostridium sp. Bacillus sp.

0 0

TABLE D.2.4 MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TURKEY POINT CANAL AND. BISCAYNE BAY PERCENTAGE OF EACH MONTH'S BACTERIA 'ISOLATES FROM THE TURKEY POINT CANAL AND BISCAYNE BAY METABOL'I'ZING SELECTED CARBOHYDRATES Dextrose Lactose Saccharose Mannitol Month Bay Canal Bay ..anal Bay Canal Bay Canal January * '.0.0,: 0.0 0,0 19.0 February 66.7 77.0 16.7 ,7.7 0.0 23.0 16.7 , 69.2 March 33.3 33.0 11.1 0.0 11.1 39.0 33.3 39.0 April 16.7 66.7 0.0 0. 0 16. 7 56.0 16.7 66.7 May 66.7 65.0 0.0 ~

0.0 66.'7 65.0 66.7 18.0 June 0.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.0  :,0.0 40.0 July 0.0 .0.0 0.0 8.7 0.'0 0. 0 0.0 . 0.0 August 0.0 1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0'.0 September 50.0 31.2 0.0 0. 0 50. 0 31.2 50.0 31.2.

October 14. 3 50. 0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 42.9 0.0 42.9 November 14.3 41.2 0.0 0.0 14.3 5.9 14.3 41.2 December 36.8 10.5 36.8 52.6

• Bacterial utilization of dextrose and saccharose:. were .not done thi s

~

month.

• • Isolates from the bay during this month did not survive continued passage on artificial media.

TABLE 0.2 .5 MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TURKEY POINT CANAL ANO BISCAYNE BAY PERCENTAGE OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM THE TURKEY POINT CANAL

'ND BISCAYHE BAY UTILIZING NITROGEN AS AN ENERGY SOURCE Ammoni fication Oxide zi t'ai'onth Bay Canal Bay Canal Bay Canal January 85.7 February 50. 0 44.0

)<arch 33. 3 36.0 April 0.0 11.1 l)ay 66.7 7?.3 50. 0 56.7 100. 0 66.7 June 100. 0 80.0 0.0 10. 0

'July August 0.0 16.? 0.0 ~

0.0 September 100. 0 43.8 '0. 0 70.,0 0.0 . 93.8 October 57.1 78.6 '57.1 100. 0 November 0.0 35.3 5?.1 52.9 100. 0 100.0 December 47. 4 100. 0 100.0

'll 0

~

I e,

TABLE D. 2 6 MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TURKEY POINT CANAL AND BISCAYNE BAY PERCENTAGE OF EACH MONTH'S ISOLATES HYDROLYZING.ORGANIC SUBSTANCES FROM THE TURKEY POINT CANAL AND. BISCAYNE BAY Protein Chitin Lipid Month January* 47. 6 61. 9 February 69.2 '3.3 64.1 50. 0 5.1

. March 66.7 88. 0. 11.1 33. 0 33.3 36.0 April 3

'3.

88.9 50. 0 '6.0 33. 3 May 100. 0 76.0 66. 7 68.2 66. 7 16. 7 June 0.0 90. 0 100. 0 80. 0 100. 0 40. 0

'July 100. 0 72.7 25.0 . 100.0 .

0.0 August '0.0 33. 3 100. 66'. 7 0.0 0'100.

September 100. 0 100.0 0 87.5 100. 0 0.0 e

'.1 October 42. 9 52.9 57.1 50. 0 57.1 85.7 28. 100.0 0.0 11.8

'4.2 November 6 December 72.7 46. 2 14.3 14;3

• Microbiological analysis of isolates from the Biscayne Bay was not done.

"'* The isolates did not survive passaqe on this artificial tgedia..

0 TA8LE D. 2 '.7 MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TURKEY POINT CANAL AND BISCAYNE BAY TYPES OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM THE TURKEY POINT. CANAL EXPRESSED AS PERCENT OF THE TOTAL ISOLATES FOR EACH MONTH Type of Organism Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul . Aug ~ Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

udomonas thomonas group 42.3 6.1 12. 5 40. 0 31. 8 34. 8 21.

Aeromonas Vi r'io group 15.4 33.3 3.1 J4.3 Achromobacter 4141i 4 group O.Q 15.2 37.5 13. 0 22. 7 30. 0 83. 3 42. 9 18. 2 50. 0 26.1 50. 0 Fl avobacteriu

'11.5 9.1 15.6 27.0 4.5 '20.0 0.0 0.0 18.2 0.0 17.4 O. 0 Cytophaga 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0'.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 illaceae

~

26.9 0.'0 22.3 28.1 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 Mi cr o-coccaceae 3. 9. 6.1 0. 0 0.0 10.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 7.1 Col i forms 0.0, 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 00 00 00 0.0 7.1 0

OI

TABLE D;2.

SALINITY IN PPT (o/oo) AT EIGHT STATIONS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL AND THREE IN BISCAYNE BAY Biscayne.Bay Turkey Point Canal Month 2 3 F W6-2 W18-2 WF-2 . RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 x Jan.

Feb. 33.0 33,0 33.0 33.0 36.0 38.0 28.0 25. 0 34.0 36.0 33.0 36.0 33.3 Mar., 15.5 15.0 15.0 15.2 14.5 18.0 22.0 . 22.0 22.0 20.0 17.0 18.0 19.2 Apr. 20.0 . 20.0 20.0 20. 0 30. 0 23. 0 20. 0 21. 0 21. 0 20. 0 21. 0 21. 0 22.1 May 21. 0 21.0 21.0 21.0 26.0 21.0 21.0 21. 0 21. 0 21. 0 21. 0 21.6 June 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 9.0 10. 5 6. 0'.5 11. 0 10. 0 11. 0 4.0 8.8 July Aug. 31. 0 31. 0 31. 0 31. 0 33. 0 31. 0 31. 0 31. 0, 30.5 31.0 30.5 30. 5 31.1 Sept. 23.0 23.0 '3.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 '4.0 24.5 18.5 23.4 Oct. 35.0 35.0 35.0, 35.0 30.0 '33.0 33.0 27.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 30.0 31.0 Nov. 22,0 22.0 22.0 22.0 33.5 34.0 34;0 33.,5 33.5 33.5 33.0 33.0 33.5 Dec. 1 6 ..5 1 6.5 16.5 16.5 17.0 18.0 18.0 15.0 23.5'4.5 18.0 18.0 18.9

• Salinity readings were not made in January for mic} obiology.

TABLE D;2.9 CONDUCTIYITY (x 10 3 pathos) AT EIGHT STATIONS Iih THE TURKEY POINT CAi AI Biscayne Day Turkey Point Canal Nonth F-1 W6-2 W18-2 WF-2 -. RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 x Jan.

'eb.

500. 500 500 500 500 500 380 400 460 495 490 495 465.0 Bar. 250 245 245 246.7 270 300 320 30 300 300 '260 280 291. 3 Apr. 230 230 230 230 180 210 110 165 200 185 195 . 75 165.0 Hay 380 380 380 380 380 380 375 370 365 360 380 375 373.1 June 340 . 340 340 340 330 380 350 320 340 340 350 350 . 345.0

'00.

'00 July 500 500 '500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500.0 Aug.

Sept. 330 330 330 330 . 500 500 500 500 500 5QO 495 500 499.5 Oct. 495 495 495 495 500 500 500 475 500 495 490 500 495.0 Nov. 300 300 300 300 500 '00 500 500 500 500 495, 500 499. 5 Dec. 305 305 305 '300 355 310 305 .345 300 300 . 350 32A.6

0 e

0

~

I~ I I ~ I I I I I I

~ ~

I s ' ~

I g I ~

~

~

I I I I

' I I I I ~ II I I ~

~ I I ~ s- ~ ~

~

~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ 0

0 TABLE D.2,ll MOST PROBABLE NUMBER OF BACTERlA (x 10 4) PER GRAM OF .SEDIMENT Biscayne Bay Turkey Point Cana'l Month 2- 3 x F-'1 * '6-2 W18-2 WF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 v Jan. 8.8 11.0 '.6 23 0 9 2 15 6 13 0 7 0 11.9 Feb. 2.4 11.0 11.0 8.1 11.0 11.0 24.0 24.0 4.6 2.4 4.6 . 1.2 10.4 Mar. 1 . 4.3 1.5 2.4 21.0 21.0 110.0 15.0 46.0 7.5 110.0 1.5 41. 5 5'3.0 Apr. 7.5. 0 210.0 109.0 15.0 11,0 15.0 93.0 43.0 120.0 75.0 -15.0 48.4 May 150.0 75.0 22.0 84.3 120.0 75.0 1110.0 210,0 210.0 150.0 150.0 20.0 255.6 June 43.0. 93.0 43.0 59.7 39.0 210.0 39.0 . 43.0 11.0 43.0 43.0 28.0 57.0 July 460.0 460;0 240.0 386.7 1110,0 1110.0 1110.0 1110.0 2400.0 1110.0 2400.0 110.0 1432.5 Aug. 40. 0 40. 0 30. 0 36.7 200.0 140.0 110.0 200,0 1200.0 90.0 '50.0 930.0 452.5 Sept. .21. 0 240.0 0.9 87.3 1110.0 240.0 110.0 240.0 240.0 240.0 240.0 240.0 207,5 Oct. 960.0 410.7 105.0 491.5 663.0 277.0 481.0 960.0 655.0 825.0 875.0 288.0 628.1 Nov. 8.8 54.4 32.4 . 31.9 3200.0 1305..0 12.4 91,.2 49.0 16 ' 57.0 101. 0 604.0 Oec. 210.0 410. 0 280.0 300.0 1246.0 51.0 1371,0 939. 0 415'.0 128.0 880.0 306.0 667.1 Yiicro iological analysis was not done in the Biscayn'e Bay area in January,

TABLE D.2.12 CHEMICAI ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL TOTAL'MMONIA CONCENTRATION (PPM) FROM THE SOLUBLE FRACTION Month H6-2 818-2 HF-2 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 488.0 516.0 308.0 . 708.0 708.0 180.0 364.0 192.0 34.0 59.5 43.5 29;0 9.0 387.0 32.0 15-0 AUGust 48. 5 '41.5 48.5. 169.5

'Septe.:ber October 7.0 1.6 0.2 4 0 1.8 6.4 0.5 6.8 November 20. 0 22.0 14.0 16.0 20.0 12.0 16 0

~ 11.0

"'D cember oluble fraction analysis. was not done this month.

ie analysis Mas not completed in time to be included in th'is report.

0 0

~

e

TABLE D.2. 13 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL NITRATE CONCENTRATION (PPM) FROM THE SOLUBLE. FRACTION Month - F-1 W6-2 bll 8-2 >JF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 PC-0 June 673 ' 443.0

• 496.0 354.0 443.0 354.0 460.0 620.0 y 176. 0 176. 0 132.0 22.0 22.0 308.0 176.0 31.0 August 310.0 242.0 275.0 22.0 275.0 24.2 48.5 310.0

~ieote rober October 338.0 283.0 368.0 300.0 236.0 215.0 305.0 227:0

"'"';november

'"'December Insoluble fraction analysis was not done this month.

• • The analysis was not completed in time'to be included in this report.

TABLE D.2.14

'HEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL NITRITE CONCENTRATION (PPM) FROM THE SOLUBLE FRACTION I

Month F-1 ll6-2 H18-2 HF-2 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 ND ND ND NO ND HO NO NO 176. 0 176. 0 132. 0 22. 0 22.0 308.0 176.0 31.

1.5 2.0 0'ugust 1.5 1.5 1.0

"'e rit rober October 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.1, 1.7 1.6 November 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 '1;4 13.0 0.9

'"'December

• Insoluble fraction analysis eras not done this month '

The analysis was not completed in time to be included in this report.

HD-. Hone Detected.

TABLE D.2 15 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS'F SEDI!<ENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SULFATE CONCENTRATION (PPM) FR014 THF. SOLUBLE FRACTION Month F-1 SI6-2 W18-2 klF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0

"'June

>> 1,127 1,539 1,561 '93 Auoust September 1,387 1,580 1,201 1,952

'89

'1,384 770 707 650 1,770 1,813 2,053 128 'D 2,070

. 2,004 ND 2,033 ND 6,447 October 1,912 ~ 1,679 ',056 1,164 773 1,723 1,024 ND

'november .

'"'December i

. Soluble fraction analysis was not done this month.

• • The analysis was not completed in time to'be included in this report.

ND- None Detected.

-9 8-

TABLE D.2.16 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IN THE'URKEY POINT CANAL SULFITE CONCENTRATION (PPM) FROM THE .SOLUBLE FRACTION Month F-1 W6-2 ill8-2 >IF-2 E3-2 RC-2 P.C-O June 400 800 400 400 400 800 400 75 75 *50 50 75 75 50 Augus t 50 60 75 50 50. 70 50 175

"'Seo'tember October 48 69 49 57 49 67 50 56 Nove>~,ber 48 59 4q 99 50 93 99

December

~~soluble fraction analysis was not done this month.

""'~e analysis was not completed in time to be included in this report.

0 TABLE D 2 17 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IH THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SULFIDE CONCENTRATIONS (PPM) FROM THE SOLUBLE FRACTIOH llon th 'A6 'H18-2 HF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 June 48.0 52.0 28.0 64.0 48. 0 20.0 52.0 28.0 ND ND. ND ND ND'D August 0.75 0.75 0.6 0;75 0.75 0.75 0.5 0.6

"'September October 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.9 November 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3

'"'December

• olubl e Fraction analysis'as not done this month.

• • The analysis v(as riot completed in time to be included in this report.

ND- Hone Detected.

-100-

0 TABLE 0.2 .18 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL "PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION (PPM) FROM THE SOLUBLE FRACTION Mon th l46-2 >J18-2 1/F-2 F3-2 RC-2 RC-0

"'June 5.1 4' 4.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 5.0 2.5 August 5.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 5.0 "'7.5 5.0 2'

• September October 19.0 17.0 14.0 22.0 22.0 13.0 23.0 11.0'2.

I November 37. 0 36. 0 8.0 8.0 27.0 14.0 ND 0

'"D. cember nsoluble fraction analysis was not done this month.

The analysis Mas not completed in time to be included in this report.

ND- None Detected.

TABLE D.2. 19 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL I

SULFATE. CONCENTR'TION (PPH) FROM THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION Month F-'1 818-2 llF-2 RF-3 F3-2 RC-2 RC-0 June 3,800 6,800 3,300 4,200 12,800 7,800 10,600 1,000 1,900 925 1,000 2,200 1,275 1,725 825 Auoust 1,845 1,420. .1,330 2,060 1,625 1;330 2,400 2,080

"'Septet ber October 1,365 1,910 1,567 . 1,679 2,152 1,640 1,475 2;111 November 1,427 1,707',526 1,494 1,573 ',988 2,088 2;569 Qecembel soluble fraction analysis v'as not done this'month.

The analysis >vas not compl,eted in time'o be included in this report.

-102-

TABLE D.2. 20 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIANS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SULFITE CONCENTRATION (PPll) FROM THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION Month )'6-2 H18-2 )IF-2 RF-3 F.3-2 RC-0

"'June July 690 471 918 1,320 976 278 2,236 345 August 1,619 1,554 1,271 1,227 553 387 912 September 2,416 1,394 918 735 ND 1,245 ND 658 October 445 1,317 1,259 1,187 . 2,338 801 1,739 ND November

"'"December

• Insoluble. fraction analysis <Ias not done this month.

The analysis vias not completed in time to be included in this report.

ND- None Detected.

-10 3-

TABLE D.2-21 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM EIGHT STATIONS IN THE TURKEY POINT CANAL

-: . SULFIDE CONCENTRATION (I'PH) FROM THE INSOLUBLF FRACTION Month 1)6-2 H18-2 1! F-2 RF-3 RC-2 RC-0 xJune 259.0 165.0 1,149.0 168.0 124.0 31.0 2,090.0 12.0 AUOUSt 22.0 469. 0 331. 0 535.0 60.0 '5.0 '39.0 ND Seotember 725.0 403. 0 161. 0 88. 0 ND '11 0 ND 13.0 October 0.4 354.0 185. 0 241.0 415.0 120.0 481. 0 ND

'"November

"'"'December nsoluble ffraction analysis was not done this month.

'* The analysis was not completed in. time to be included in this report.

ND- hone Detected.

-104-

TABLE D.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM THREE STATIONS IN BI SCAYNE BAY SULF'ATE CONCENTRATION (PPH).

FROM- T){E INSOLUBLE FRACTION

.>'jonth

+ >sea 2,000.0 11'. 0 .440. 0 August 3,379.0 3,356.0 2,183.0 I

Se tey5er 3,542.0 "4',851.0 3,169.0

'October ~

328.0 -

211.0 285.0

"'"'November

"'"'3)ecember

• 'Insoluble fraction analysis was not done. this month.

The analysis i:as not cownleted in time to be included in .this report.

-105-

0 O

TABLE 0.2.23 C

CHEMI CAL ANALYS I S OF S ED IMENTS FROM THREE STATIONS IN BISCAYNE BAY SULFITE CONCFJTRATION (PPM)

'FROM THE lNSOLUBLE. FRACTION 3

Month

'Bone GJly 440. 0 750. 0 '24.'0 Puovst 345. 0 342. 0 528. 0 September 868. 0 495. 0. 273. 0 October B2 0 'L,Q',

"'"'November

='"'~>aces.iber Insoluble fraction analysis a~as not done this mont h .

"'* Tne analysis i;as. not completed in time to be include I in this report.

-106-

TABLE 0.2.24 CHEMICAL'NALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM.

THREE STATIONS IN BISCAYNE BAY E

SULFIDE CONCENTRAT'IONS(PPM)

FROM'HE INSOLVABLE FRACTION Month

~

June

• July 11.0 310.0 15.6 August. 3.4 3.4 32.0 Sep tember 87.0 19.0 October 4.20 0.26 1. 40 I

November

December**

• Insoluable fraction analysis was not done this month.

• • The analysis was not completed in time to be included in this report.

-107-

TABLE D.2 .25 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM THREE SQZLOES QLELSSAYAF BN Al'iJ/ONIA CONCENTRATIONS (PPH)

FROM THE SOLUBLE FRACTION J~ionth 1 2 June 208.0 180.0 488.0 July 41. 7 29. 0 ~ 27.0 Auaust 10,. 0 ND 3' Se tem6er OctoEey 5.4 5.3 1L3

.November 18.0 '4.0 18. Q.

'X)ecember

• 'Soluble Fraction Analysis

'* was not done this month.

The December Analysis was not completed in time to be i'ncluded in this report.

ND None Detected;

-10 8-

TABLE D.2.26 CHEMICAL ANAlYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM THREE STATIONS IN . B I SCAYNE BAY NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS (PPl4)

FROM THE. SOLUBLE FRACTION jjonth 2 3 June 673.0 '354. 0 673.0 Jul 66. 5 62.0 44.5 August '242. 0 242.0 Se tember October 216. 0 300.0 230 '

<<"'November

"'"December

• Soluble Fraction Analysis was not done this month.

<<* The November'nd'ecember Analyses were not completed in time to be included in this report.

ND-None Detected.

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TABLE D.2 27 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM THREE STATIONS IN BISCAYNE BAY NITRITE CONCENTRATIONS (PPll)

FROM THE SOLUBLF. FRACTION Month 3 June ND HD July 1.0 1.5 1.0 August AD ."lD 1.0 September October 1.5 1.4 2.2 November 1.3 1.8

"'December

• Soluble. Fraction Analysis was not done this month.

"'* The December Analysis was not completed in time. to be included. in this report.

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0 TABLE D.2.28 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIHENTS FROM

'THREE STATIONS IN BISCAYNE BAY

-SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS (PPl"l)

FROll.THE SOLUBLE FRACTION honth June 2800.0 12,800. 0 3800. 0 July 750. 0 650. 0 72.5. 0 Auoust 7',0.0 820. 0 600.0 September October 2228.0 2194.0 November 1407. 0 1424. 0. 1462. 0

"'"'December Soluble Fraction Analysis i<as not done this month.

Tne December:Analysis ivas not corn'pleted in time to be included in this v'eport.

4 TABLE U.d. Z9 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM THREE STATIOHS IH 8ISCAYHE 8AY, SULFITE CONCENTRATIONS (PPM)

'ROM THE SAI UBLE FRACTION l"IOnth June 800. 0 400. 0 400.0 July '75. 0 75.0 50.0 Auoust 100. 0 100. 0 75. 0

'e tember October .46.0 '9.0 48.0 November 50.0 19. 5 7.4

"'Wecemb'er

• Soluble Fraction Analysis vias not done this month.

• "'he December Analysis twas not completed'in time to be included in this report.

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IHt5Lt U,Z.DU CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM THREE STATIONS IN BISCAYNE BAY SELF I Df CONCE NTRATIONS (PPll)

FROH THE SOLUBLE FRACTION l.'month June 20. 0 20. 0 48.0 July ND ND Auoust 0. 25 0.75 0. 50 September October 0.4 0. 0.7

.- November 0.3 0.2 0.3

"'"'December L

• Soluble Fraction Analysis was not done this month.

"'* The December. Analysis was not completed in time to be included in this report.

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I AD L G. V o f- ~ D I CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM THREE STATIONS IN BISCAYNE BAY PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATIANS (PPM)

FROM THE SOLUBLE FRACTION f'anth.

June 2.5 2.5 2.5 July Auaust 10. 0 3.5 September October, ~ 29. 0 '14'. 0 1 4'. 0 November

• "'ecember .

J

• Soluble-Fraction Analysis was not done this month.

"'* The Deceriiber Analysis vias not completed in time to be included in this report.

ND None Detected;.

0 E. Terrestrial Environment and Sam 1 in of Soil s TERRESTRIAL 'ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION The purpose of this. study was to detrmine the status of the flora immediately adjacent to the Turkey Point cooling canal system.

Potential alteration of floral density due to the presence of saline waters within theurke'y Point canals was examined.

Surface. water run-off from this site generally proceeds in a

(

southeast direction and flows through the littoral mangrove communities into Biscayne Bay. Interruption of this run-off by the canal system could resul't in alteration of plant communities to the west and south of the canal system.

Alternately, saline water from within the canal system might flow into surrounding habitats. The introduction of warm saline water could effect plant communities such that euryhaline species might derive some selective advantage and thereby increase their numbers.

The most meaningful method to assess the habitat is to monitor the biota, in terms=of species and numbers, of those.':habitats.

As vegetation is a more static parameter than animal life, si gnificant alteration of habi tats can be detected by the long-term monitoring of relative abundance and density of plant species.

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e Numerous data points are required to determine vegetation density and composition and to adequately assess this assemblage of plant communities.

To maintain sufficient statistical power which would not magnify normal fluctuations present in biological populations, a conservative sampling program was initiated. This work was started December 16, 1975, and completed January 9, 1976.

METHODS Nine transect lines were laid out with survey tape such that six transects ran east-west adjacent to the western border of the canal system and three transects ran north-south adjacent to the southern border of the canal system (Figur e 1). The transect lines were then divided into quarters. Eight 5x5 meter quadrats (25m ) were laid out with survey marking tape. such that four quadrats lay north (or west) of the transect and four lay south (or east). Thus the 72 quadrats were laid out and 2

encompassed a sample area of 1800m .

1 Two pr incipal plant communities (Table "1)':exi'st.'estof the canal system in the form of tree island (woody species) and grasslands (grami-noid species). Because the woody species appeared in clusters surrounded by graminoids,, random assignment of transects would not serve to delineate species differences within these two diverse habitats. Assignment of quadrats along each transect, however, must be random to prevent sample bias. Accordingly, each transect line was specifically s'el.ected'o'e representative of an area such that the first and last quadrats were selected as being either woody or graminoid. The remaining quadrat

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4 0

locations were a fixed distance from the pre-determining quadrats and were thus random in relationship to the habitat between the two points.

In order that meaningful comparisons might be made between woody and graminoid habitats, an index was employed which could quantify height; diameter, and density for all species sampled.

Indices which allow comparisons between habitats are commonly used in botanical surveys; the methods used in the present study can be found in Cox (1972). Sample index calculations can be seen in Figure 2. In each quadrat, the data collected resulted in a volume-density index for each dominant plant species. A plant volume measurement was taken and summed. within each quadrat.

Values for each of the dominant species, which were amenable to analysis of variance, were thus derived.

The drainage canal L31 lies slightly west of the Turkey Point canal system. As much of the vegetation being sampled lay between an active drainage canal and the Turkey Point canal system, suitable control quadrats had to be located outside the influence of both systems. To prevent potential confounding effects of the FCD canal system, control quadrats were located west of L31 for all east-west transects.

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The statistical design was a completely randomized factorial V

analysis which examined volume-density variables of two factors:

variance between transects,'and variance between quadrats within each transect. Interaction effects between quadrats and transects were also examined. The assumptions for random factorial analyses were met and included:

a. A random assignment of plant species existed within each

. quadrat

b. homogeneity of variance exists within each quadrat.

RESULTS AND'DISCUSSION

.Seventy-six plant species were recorded from all quadrat analyses (Table 2). Vegetation volume-density ratios by species, transect number, and quadrat number (Table 3) indicated differences in species community make-up. Variation in the number and type of species 1

shoved no consistent pattern.

Comparison of volume-density totals between quadrats within transects showe'd'that wide'ar'iation existed '.in. aslant species occurrence *and density (Table 3). Deviations in the distribution of biological populations, however, are normal. Applying analysis of variance to all transects and quadrats (Table 4), it can be determined that significant differences in volume-density ratios exist between transects. As these were selected as. being either woody or graminoid,

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significant differences were anticipated.'nteraction between quadrats and transects could"likewise. be predicted.

Analysis of woody Transects 2, 4, and 6 located west of the canal system (Table 5) indicates no significant differences in volume-density ratios between transects or between quadrats wi.'thin transects. The slight interaction between quadrats and transects observed in Table 5 is corroborated by the increasing volume-density ratio of sawgrass (Cladium), which appears to increase as a function of distance south from Transect 1 (Table 3, Figure 1).

Analysis of the grassland Transects 1, 3, and 5 (Table 6) indicates a patchy, uneven volume-density distribution due primarily to sawgrass (Cladium). Several trends were observed:

'J d~Rli 0 ppl ti '

d. it1N scouts of Transect l.

b. Cladium volume-densities were generally greater east of Canal L-31 when compared with control quadrats (D and 0'1) located west of Canal L-31.

Reasons for the patchy distribution of grasses are not clearly understood. As the area is relatively flat, it. appears unlikely that a significant amount of freshwater run-off is being trapped by the Turkey Point canal western berm; however, increases in vegetation volume-density suggest that fresh-water residence time may be slightly longer between the berm and L-31 when compared to regions west of L-31.

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0

'I lW

Analysis of. vegetation from the southern side of the Turkey Point canal system (Table 7) indicated wide variations of volume-density ratios between Transects 7, 8, and 9. No well defined plant communities were isolated, and an irregular distribution of species was observed. The age of the trees, shrubs, and grasses precluded the possibility that the Turkey Point canal syste~'had 'influenced the'irregular and disturbed plant community growth patterns. Evidence '

of planted Australian pine (Casuarina), off-road vehicular traffic, and the pre-existing Model Land 'Canal and associated roadway appear to have altered the vegetation south of the cooling canal system.

The lack of clearly defined plant communities resulted in disjunction of data which could not be related to the presence of the canal system.

ih id'th t td i t,p l,ett d(~C) and Salt Rush (Juncus) showed wide deviations between quadrats with no particular patterns evolving.

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LITERATURE CITED Cox, M.C. 1972..Laboratory Manual of General Ecology. Mm. C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa.

Will, A.A. 1972. Ecological survey of the subtropical terrestrial biome at the Turkey Point Plant site. Florida Power 8 Light Company, Miami, Florida.

2 ... SAMPLING OF SOILS INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to conduct limited sampli'ng of soil nutrients'o the south and west of the Turkey Point canal system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

'Soil samples were taken from the midpoint of Transects 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. (Figure 1). A small coring of several grams was taken after removal of the first inch of soil. A second sample'was taken" 12 inches below the first. All samples were preserved in screw cap vials charged with 5 ml HgC12 (.4'mg/ml) and placed on ice. This 1

preservatio'n technique halts bacteriological activity thereby preventing further nitrogen reduction or fixation. Laboratory analysis for nitrite

, and nitrate content was initiated within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> of collection.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Nitrate and 'riitrite values were reported in mg/gm of dry weight of sample (Table 8): Nitrite values were consistently low and nitrate values were substantially higher from the deeper levels.

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4 TABLE '8.:

LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF EIGHT SOIL SAMPLES, TURKEY POINT - 1975 Transect Soil Dry .':. Lli.tr.ite.. Ni trate NUmber De th Wei ht m ~m/ m ~m/ m 2.2 0.02 0.60 12" 2.0 0.07 1.98 3.9 0.22 0.58 1 2 II 1.2 0. 01 2.32 2.7 0.15 0.72 II 1 2 1.4 0.03 2.06 2.9 0.05 0.51 II 1 2 3.1 0.09 1.89 3.8 0.06 0.83 II 1 2 4.0 0.03 2.73

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FLORIDA CITY CANAL N

CIoo TURKEY POINT PLANT TR I BISCAYNE BAY 25'5'RP 5 5'R3 TURKEY POINT CANAL L3I CANAL COOLING SYSTEM FIGURE l.

TR4 LOCATION OF VEGETATION TRANSECTS AND gUADRATS ADJACENT TO TURKEY POINT LEGEND TR5 0

TRANSECT NO.

0( C) Bi Ai z

CP QUAORAT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM TR6 TR7 TR8 TR9 BISCAYNE BAY

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Figure 2 Examples of volume-density index calculations of a graminoid and wood plant series.

~Exam le l. Sawgrass(Cladium sp.)

Cladium index = N H'R A

where: A = Area of sample in meters N = Number of graminoid samples H = Height of grass blades in cm R = Radius of clumps in cm (gathered, compressed, and measured at widest point).

sample values , A =. 1.0 N = 240 H = 142.2 R = 1.59 Cladium InIn ex 240 (142.2) 2.52 86',002! 56 1.0

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Figure 2 (continued)

~Exam le 2. Woody shrub (Conocarpus)

~ddd = IIRR 2 where: N = Number of shrubs of same dimensions H = Shrub height in cm R = maximum radius of trunk sample '

values N = 1.0 H = 365.8

= '6 452 R

R

'Conocarous Index (1. 0) (365. 8) (6. 452) = 15,218. 19

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Table 1.

Plant communi't.ies of the Turkey Point site (Mill, 1973).

Dry prairie Wet prairie Mangrove scrub Littoral Creek Dry prairie txee island

.Wet prairie tree island Mangrove scxub tree island

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TABLE 2 Species inventory for vegetation quadrat ana1ysis, Turkey Point, 1975.

Acr osti chum aureum 'L'cather fern Annona glabr a Pond apple Aste>> tenui foLius

v. aphyElus Aster Avicennia ge>>minans Black mangrove Bacchcu'is angus foHati f

False willow Baccha>>i s haHmifolia

v. angustioz Salt bush Bacopa monne~ Matted figwort Batis ma>>itima Saltwort BEechnum se>>>>ulatwn Bo>>>>ichia fructescens Sea daisy Bucida spinosa Spiny bucida Calypt>>anthes pallens

v. paElens Pale lidflower Ca ua>>ina equisetifolia Australian pine Cassytha fi Ei fo>>mis 'Dodder Chara sp.

Chiococca aEba Snowberry C>>inurn Chr ysobalanus icaco Coco plum CEadium J'amaicensis Sawgrass .

Coccothz inax a>>gentata Silver palmetto Conoca>>pus ez ecta Buttonwood arne>>arcana S'tring lily DiphoHs salicifolia Willow bustic Distichilis spicata Saltgrass EEecocha>>is ceEEuLosa Spikerush Zncpclia tampensis Butterfly orchid Zugenia aziE Ea>>is White stopper Eulophia alta Wild coco Eupato>>i wn capiEEi fo Eium Dog fennel Eicus au>>ea Strangler fig Ficus cit>>ifoHa Wild banyan tree Zimb>>istylis sp.

Gali~ his piduEum Bedstraw

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0 TABLE 2 (continued)

Species inventory for vegetation quadrat ana1ysis, Turkey Point, 1975.

2 Eex cassine 'Dahoon holly 2pomoea sagi t tata Glades morning glory Juncus z oemamanus Salt rush Laguncular'ia racemosa White mangrove Ludioigia micr ocar pa Small fruited water purslane Lyciuln cazolinianum Christmas berry Magnolia viz'giniana Sweet bay Metopium to+i femm PoisonwoodE Mikania batati fo Zia Hempvine Myrica cezifera Wax myrtle, Myrsine guianensis Myrsine Nectandra coz icea Lancewood Nephr olepis biser rata Boston fern Osmunda r egalis

v. spectabilis Royal fern Panicum sp. Panic grass Paz thenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Phlebodium auz eum Golden polypody Pluchea puzpur'escens Camphorweed PoEygala grandiflora Milkwort Ptezis vittata Brake fern Rhpnchospor'a sp. Beak rush Ei'hi zophora mangEe Red mangrove Sabal paEmetto Cabbage palm Sa Zicomia vir'ginica Perennial glasswort Salix caz oliniana Coastal plain willow SamoEus ebracteatus Water pimpernel Sar'costemma clausa White tuber vine Schinus tez'ebinthi folius Brazilian pepper Serenoa repens ~

Saw palmetto Sesuvium mazitimum Sea plIrslane Smilax auriculata Earleaf brier SoEanum blogetti Nightshade

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,TABLE 2 (continued)

Species inventory for vegetation quadrat analysis, Turkey Point, 1975.

Sopha tomentosa Necklace rod TheEpptems auguscens TilEandsia fasciculata Aixplant f

TiEEandsia Eexuosa Twisted air'lant TilEandsia valenzuelana Soft leaf air plant Topi codendz on 2'adi cans Poison ivy Tz ema Eama2'chkiana West indies trema Vitis 2'otundi foEia Nuscadine grape Vitta2'ia lineata Shoestring fern Celtis laevigata Hawkberry Pisonia acuEaeta Devil's claw Psilotum nudum Whisk gum

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TABLE 3.

DENSITY-VOLUME RATIOS OF 72 VEGETATION QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 1 Quadrat: Al Bl Cl Dl CLadium 28,058 14',305 12,418 8,156 23,106 17,605 13,701 11,613 128,963 C'on oem@us 1,618 5,634 4,533 16,137 946 4,924 1,541 177 35,510 Juncus 846 788 224 272 319 213 2,661 Rhi soph' 94 127 150 208 58 40 681 I

~

TOTALS 30,616 20,727 17,302 24,715 .24,579 22,800 15,246 11,830 167,815

~ .

TABLE 3

~

(continued)

~

.DENSITY-VOL'Uf1E RATIOS-OF 72 VEGETATION gUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 2 uadrat: Al A Bl Cl Dl D TOTALS Acr'os %chum 71 6 22 73 2,926 3,028 Blechnum 57 2 59 Cladium 213,171 294,543 461,025 955,513 13,732 12,009 92,007 9,466 2,051,466 Con ocarpus 2.801 9.818 7.867 294 2.058 1,847 110,200 526,841 661,727 Metopium 8,145 8,145 I

Chi ococca 10

'eal . 66,777 106,974 49'c] 61 655 393,290 '286,708 903,566 Solanum 119 1,834 2,764 137 4,853 Casuavina ]41,787 116;215 258,002 Bacchavis 85 V.5 Sagunculm'ia 96,734 59,233 155,967 Pisonia 122 184 306 Bhizophoz'a 1,179 1,179 Nevhz'oleois 95 95 Ce &is 2,949 2,949 Ficus 128 128 TOTALS 216,091 373,035 578,630 1,005",129. 157,586 T38,88ll 693,690 888.,530 4,051,575

TABLE 3 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME RATIOS OF 72 VEGETATION gUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM NS CT 3 quadrat: Al Bl Cl Dl TOTAL'S C Sagum 14,611 8,992 10,272 10,150 11,415 10,546 13,423 15,713 95,712 Con ocarpus 596 107 29 732 Aster Rhi soph' 95 95

~ TOTALS 14,611 9,594 10,379 10,160 11,510 10,575 13,423 15,713 96,005.

I

TABLE 3 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME RATIOS OF 72 VEGETATION QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 4 Quadrat: Al Bl Cl Dl D TOTALS Acr os'hum 15,734 590 2,963 457 19,769 Bacchavis 75 Blechnum 125 158 342 576 968 27,488 370 212 30 239 Casuavina 19,621 495 20,116 Chi ococca 178 178 CZadium 212,433 27.,235 10,607 72,076 20,617 278,921 220,581 282,802 ),125,272 Conocaz pus 46 8,178 5,705 2.,193 2,975 589 113,742 133,428 Zicus 31,038 31,038 2 Zeà 83 1,328 6,399 7,810 NagnoZia 442 11,934 12,376 Mg&.ca - 71,125 15,927 87,052 Nepholepis 75 75 Pea sea 352 1,180 1,572 6,547 6,547 Rhisoph os SabaZ 538,904 181,845 267,928 180,748 670,757 395,206 . 2;235,388 295 295 SaHz Salanum 429 366 50 309 1,376 263,186 265,716 272,692 290,693 523,839 903,553 1,078,433 3,976,906 751,860 5],892 107..944 ~

TABLE 3.

DENSITY-VOLUME RATIOS OP 72 VEGETATION QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 5

(}uadrat: Al Bl Cl Dl TOTALS CEadium 7,974 18,451 8,751 48,807 123,528 122,518 9,768 6,223 346,020 Conocarpus 2,739 286 4,334 4 712 . 62 1,240 654 15,027

~t TOTALS 10,713 18,737 14,085 53,519 123,590 122,518 11,008 6,877 361,047 I

TABLE 3 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME RATIOS OF 72 VEGETATION gUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 6 uadrat: Al Bl Cl Dl TOTALS'cz'os tichum 23,570 14,155 37,725 Bacch ups 183 183 BEechnum 274 1,609= 1,763 1,024 9,862 1,024 3,062 18,618 Casuavina 92,662 159,034 245,806 278 497,780 Chi ococca. 74 74 CVu'ysoba Eanus 1,180 885 2,800 C2QCium 288,996 32,094 398,064 112;060 299,192 402,654 260,211 179,327

~ Conocarpus 3,492 5,807 11,046 7,396 44,864 11,167 178,847 262,619 I

17ex 5,991 1,769 26,710 20,061 54,531 Netapium 31,901 31,901 i5g&.ca 3,390 7,369 10,759 Hyr sine 6,608 17,331 9,634 33,573 Per sea 2,359 23,005 25,364 Bhi zophor a 491 5,735 6,226 Saba'chinus 210,951 '59,282 286,708 17,697 674,639 3,698 3,698 Sosanum 1,700 1,749 6,987 4,082 14,517 TOTALS 504,893 233,934 511,912 426,759 555,774 670,154 344,172 220,680 3,468,278

TABLE 3 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME RATIOS OF 72 VEGETATION QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 7 uadrat: A1 Bl C1 D1 TOTALS 103,578 78,328 31,108 32,555 18,244 22,133 285,946

'ladium Con ocarpus 2,242 322 5,953 6,020 7,299 5,642 218 '90 28,286 Distichilis 395 417 812 Lagunculavia 1,542 336 1,878 Juncus 2,657 930 542 484 4,613 TOTALS 108,477 79,580 37,603 39,059 25,543 27,775 2,155 1,343 321,535

e TABLE 3 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME RATIOS OF 72 VEGETATION QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM NSECT 8 Quadra".: A1 B'1 Dl. TOTALS Ace'ostichum ',890 3,76,5 385 2,240 8,280 Bo~chia 78 78 C'asucu'ina 111,233 64,023 175,256 Caladium 6,204 17,615 7,628 15,343 8,931 55,721 Conocarpus 1,890 2,177 35,789 31,000 24,003 13,521 75,054 59,253 242,716 DistichiZis 83 Juncus 1,389 869 1,687 400 602 546 5,494 LaguncuZcuia 2,532 173 432 7,003 30,197 40,338 Lycium 418 418 Bhisophoza 4,157 2,015 745 4,767 107,330 81,230 200,273 Sesuvium 63 110 163 Totals 114,512 73,272  : 63,733 45,092 41,185 .27,928 190,352 . .172,919 728,993

TABLE 3 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME RATIOS OF 72 VEGETATION gUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 9 uadrat: Al Bl Cl Dl TOTALS Acz'osti chwn 942 1,387 155 370 2,633 155 5,642 Bowà chia 108 108 CEadium 7,41 4 913 8,327 Conoccupus 26,607 5,582 .34,721 4,592 27,072 98,574 LaguncuZama 1. 797 1,734 898 3,529 4,032 32,415 6,482 39,206 90,093 I

I'ycium 1,686 1,686 Rhisopho~a 296,446 136,844 18,160 6,287 30,907 4,881 153,257 40,357 687,139 SabaZ 163,806 163,806 Sesuuium 29 29 SoZanium 681 681 TOTALS 325,900 306,167 32,209 44,907 43,077 64,523 159,739 79,563 1,056,085

TABLE 4 ANALYSIS OF 9 VEGETATION TRANSECTS AND 72 OUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM, 1975 Factor Degrees of Sum of Mean Level Freedom- S uares ~Suave guadrats .903 x 1011 .301 x 10

'.28'354 Transects .283 x 1013 x 1012 26.89*

Ouadrats x Transects 24 .132 x 10. .548 x 1011 4 1 7**

Error 36 .473 x 1012 .132 x 1011

• " .05 = 2.23

• • F .05 = 1.85

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TABLE 5 ANALYSIS OF 5100DY TRANSECTS 2, 4, AND 6 AND 24 OUADRATS WEST OF TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM, 1975 Factor Degrees of Sum of Mean Level Freedom S uares ~Suan

.103 x 1012 e'uadrats

.309 x 1012 Transects .199 x 1011 .994 x 1010 guadrats x Transects 947 x 1012 .158 x 10 Error ~

12 .467 x 1012 389 x 1011

• 05 3 00

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TABLE 6 ANALYSIS OF GRASSLAND TRANSECTS 1, 3, AND 5 AND 24 gUADRATS WEST OF TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM, 1975 Factor Degrees of of Mean Level Freedom'um '~Suares ScCOare Ouadrats .591 x 1010 .197 x 1010 25.72*

Transects .470 x 101o .235 x 10 30.69**

guadrats x Transects .112 x 1011 .185 x 1010 24.29***

Errors 12 .918 x 1012 .765 x 108

• " .05 = 3 49

• • F .05 = 3.89

• • • F 05 3 00

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. ~

TABLE 7 ANALYSIS OF TRANSECTS 7, 8, AND 9 AND 24 OUADRATS SOUTH OF TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM, 1975 Factor Degrees of Sum of Mean Level Freedom Souares S uare guadrats .659 x 1011 .219 x 1011 48.83*

Transects .338 x lpll .169 x 1011 37 59**

guadrats x Transects .664 x 1011 .11 x 1011 25.58***

Error 12 .540 x 10" 0 .450 x 109

• .05 = 3.49

• • F p5 = 3 89

• • • F p5 = 3 pp

-14 3-

F. VEGETATION AND SOIL I. REVEGETATION OF 'THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM SPOIL BERMS A. INDUCED VEGETATION

1. INITIAL STUDY Method The 30 species of grasses, shrubs, and trees planted during the 1973-74 season (Figure 4) were checked quarterly for survival and vitality (Table 1)

II Discussion and Conclusions The range of survival rates has been expanded for the sake of clarity. The parameter of vitality was added in an attempt to isolate those plants which could survive but were in some manner being inhibited in growth. Growth rate and vitality continues to be higher in the more organic areas and less in the mucky-clays. No induced vegetation of the initial study remain in the areas of extreme clay.

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Table I. Average survival, rates and vitality of the 1973-74 Initial Study Plantings on the 'Spoil Berms at Turkey Point Power Plant.

Vitality Excellent (0 90% survival)

Exc. Conocarpus erectus . Silver Button Bush Exc ~ Scaevola frutescens Scaeval Shrub Fair Coccoloba uvifera Sea Grape Exc. Zoysia japonica Zoysia Grass Good

( 60-90% survival)

Fair Crinum sp. Crinum Lily Fair Pittosporum tobira Green Pittosporum Poor Pittosporum sp. Variegated,Pittosporum Good Rhoeo discolor Oyster Plant Poor Cocos nucifera II I

Coconut Palm Fair

( 30-59% survival)

Good Zamia integrifolia Coontie Evergreen Poor Wedelia trilobata Wedelia Poor -Hemerocallis'ulva Day Lily Poor Stenotathrum secundatum Bitter Blue Gxass Poor (C30% survival)

Fair Cocculus larifolius Snail Seed Poor Hymenocallis palmeri Spider Lily Poor Eugenia uniflora Surinam Cherry Fair Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass Poor Zebrina pendula

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2. 00+60 GROWTH STUDIES Method Growth studies were begun on berm 1, station 60, using West Xndian Mahogany, Bottle Brush, and Black Olive trees. The young trees were planted three per row starting at approximately one foot above the mean high water line and extending to the top of the berm. Each plot contained 9 Bottle Brush, 6 Mahogany, and 3 Black Olives. Plants in the odd numbered plots on the east side and even numbered plots on the west side were ferti-lized with Agriform 20-10-5 "Ferti-Tabs" (Figure 1). The free standing height of the plants was measured. Growth was monitored as a function of increase in height and tabulated as the average percent increase, in growth of each species by plot (Tables 2 and 3). Growth was also tabulated. as per percent increase as a function of level, low, middle, or top (Figure 2).

Discussion and Conclusions The mean percent increase in growth for fertilized vs. nonfertilized plants for both east, and west sides of the test area V:as not significantly different (Tables 3 and 4).

The average percent increase in growth as a function of level indicates that edaphic characteristics not ferti-lizer are the primary governing factors of growth under the conditions existing at the 00+60 test area (Figure 2 ).

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'4 Discussion and Conclus'ion's (Continued)

The two areas with percent incr'ease in growth below 1.00 are both low moist areas. The single large area at the south end of the test site "has a higher organic con-tent than is generally found in the area. ,Due to present findings new procedures and an expanded list of species will be used to more closely delineate cause and, effects likely to be encountered in other sites throughout the system.

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Table 2. Average percent increase 'in height by species as a function of fertilization for the east side of 00+60 test plots.

Average Percent Increase Species Section Fertilizer , No Fertilizer 90 67 Bottle 80 Brush 107 98 102 107 Mahogany 66 86 86 124 123

<<32 Black Olive -59 Mean Growth 48 50

-14 8-

Table 3. Average percent increase in height by species as a function of fertilization for the west side of 00+60 test plots.

Average Percent Xncrease

'Species Section Fertilizer No Fertilizer 79 99 28 63 Bottle 20 80 Brush 73 76 83 91 110 68 74 Mahogany 35 34 105 68

-12 39 Black -20

-20 -9 75 Mean Growth 46 46

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L M T T M L Levels Five Replicates 0 0 0 0 0 0 m m m M M' m m m M M M b b b B B B b b b B B B b b b B B, B Section 0 0 0 0 0 0 Section 1-W 1-E M M M m m m M M M m m m B B B b b b D

B B B b b b B B B b b b L M T T M L Levels Figure 1. 00+60 Test Plots Diagram NOTE: Upper case letters = fertilization Lower case letters = no fertilization B = Bottle Brush M = Mahogany 0 = Black Olive

-150-

Road

' L T M Cross Section East Hest=

83 36 76 42 -103 132 91 91 67'7 37 99 101 63 90 -49

-61 59 . 112 65 50 -59 1 55 73 50 26 67 54 10 26 52 37 84 40 80 76 -24 67 75 66 44 21 78 88 60 45 85 115 68 94 Section/Plot Level Level Top View Figure 2. 00+60 Test Plots, showing the percent increase in growth as a function of level.

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3 ~ PROJECT SERENDIPITY Method Sixteen species of exotic trees and shrubs (Table 4) have been planted at six stations (Figure 4) covering the three major soil types found within the cooling canal system. This is being done to assess not only their saline tolerances but also edaphic limitations relative to berm conditions. Plants will be measured for vitality and for growth as a function of free standing height. This long term project is being supported in part by the U.S.D.A.

Plant Introduction Station at Chapman Field. Additional species will be added in the future.

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Table 4. Project Serendipidity species list.

Acacia fornesiana

-Cassia fistula.

Cordia ~labia Crinum ~s Jacaranda acutiflolia BM" M~imuso s commersonii Morincra oleifera Pachira acCuatica.

Parkinsonia,aculeata M! "

Swietenia ~maha oni Tabebuia avellenedae

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0 B. NATURAL 'REVEGETATI'ON Method Eight 100 square meter stations have been permanently staked out on the 'cooling systems spoil berms (Figure 4).

A study of the most common species in'the quadrats has

'I continued (Tables 5-7) .

Discussion and Conclusions Reduction in Casuarina number is primarily due to the selective removal of this noxious exotic. Saw Grass and Salt Rush (Juncus roemarianus) have shown increases in number (Table 5-7) .

Salt Grass is rapidly becoming the number one ground cover over much of the older berms (1-4). This grass, with rhizomes and roots spreading 2-3 feet deep and growing well even in clay soils and salt water, will serve as excellent hurricane protection for the berms. Since there I's no known commercial source means are being sought to develop our own seed supply.

Soil type continues to be the overt factor determining vegitative density. Heavy vegetation, Casuarina and Conocarpus being dominants, tend to occupy the old tidal creeks and hammock areas, while salt grass is the dominant of the clay barrens.

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0 Discussion an'd Conclusi'on's '(Con'tinu'e'd)

The higher elevation caused by berm .building has allowed sufficient edaphic changes to permit non-mangrove I

community species such as Sol'anum 'sp.,'r'ema'la'marcici'ana to invade the western edge of the canal system.

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0 0

Table 5. Species counts in two heavy density vegitation stations, 204N and 310N.

Station 204N Species Percent Increase

-15 Casuarina ~s -35 Borrichia frutescens-: -51 Baccharis halimifolia -83.

Acrostichum aureum. 200 Station 310N Species Percent Increase 20 Casuarina ~s -87 178 Distichlis ~sicata 300 Baccharis halimifolia 0

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0 Table 6. Species counts 'in two medium density vegitation stations, 323S and 408M.

Station 323S Species Percent Increase 12.5 Casuarina ~s -500 64.4 Juncus roemerianus 218.. 0 Solennm 5~led etti 550.0 m M 350.0 Pluchea ~s 667.0 Passiflora suberosa New species I

183.0 Station 408M Species Percent Increase

-71.4 Casuarina ~s 97.8 225.0

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Table 7. Species counts at two light density vegitation stations,'05S and 505N.

Station 105S Species Percent Increase,

-12.5 16.7

+12 first year seedlings

-20 Distichiis ~s icata 200 Juncus roemerianus -30 Station 505N Species Percent Increase 0

Borrichia frutescens 1000+

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.4 e

II. SOIL PROGRAM OF THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM SPOIL BERMS A. SOIL TEMPERATURES Method Soil temperatures were monitored at the Natural Vegitation Study Sites (Figure 4). Temperatures at the sites were checked at one inch and one foot below the soils surface at each of three levels; high, middle, and low. "High" indicates the top or highest part of the berm. "Low" indicates an area approximately one foot above the water line. "Middle" indicates an area approx-imately equidistant between the "h'gh" and "low" levels.

'mbient air temperatures were taken chest high in shadow at the top of the berm at each site. Ambient water temperatures were taken near the shore line of each at a depth of approximately one foot. The revised soil temperature program data for the three quarters beginning July, 1975, are shown in Tables 8-10.

Discussion and Conclusions The heterogenous character of the soil masks any tendencies or correlations between temperature and soil type. The heat .retention and conduction properties of highly organic substrates is different from that of the clays. Yet in a majority of sample sites, the different

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Discussion and Conclusions(Con'tinued) layers (peat, muck, clay) and thus thesoil types have been mechanically disturbed so as to produce a "marbled-cake" effect.. For example, ther'e 'are pockets and layers of muck covered by clay,,and swirls of mucky-clay in 'black organic soil areas.

Soil temperatures under these conditions can fluc-tuate as much as 4 F per horizontal foot at a soil depth of one foot.

There appears to be no correlation among temper-atures in the high and middle levels. Surface temper'-

atures tend to relate to short term environment factors such as a cloudy day or cool night.. Ther'e 'is a possibility of correlation between ambient water temperatures and the low level soil temperatures at the one foot depth, also between ambient water and air temperatures (Figure 3). Refinement in procedure will allow these possibilities to be tested.

-160-

Discussion and Con'clus'i'ons '(Continued) layers (peat, muck, clay) and thus the 'soil types'ave been mechanically disturbed so as to produce a "marbled-cake" effect. For example, the're 'are pockets and layers of muck covered by clay, and swirls of mucky-clay in black organic soil areas.

Soil temperatures under these conditions can fluc-tuate as much as 4 0 F per horizontal foot at a soil depth of one foot.

There appears to be no correlation among temper-atures in the high and middle levels. Surface temper'-

atures tend to relate to short term environment factors such as a cloudy day or cool night. Ther'e is a possibility of correlation between ambient water temperatures and the low,level soi.l temperatures at the one foot depth, also between ambient water and air temperatures (Figure 3). Refinement in procedure will allow these possibilities to be tested.

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Table 8. A comparison of soil temperatures taken on July 17, 1975, as a function of soil type and elevation.

Soil Types Organic . Muck Clay Clay Site *2-04-00 3-10-80 3-23-100 4-08-124 1-05-00 5-05-171 Levels Top **94.0/90.0 95.0/90.5 86.5/83.0 82.0/86.0 92.0/85.0 90.5/84.0 Middle 93.0/91-.0 88.0/85.0 90.0/84.5 .91.0/86.0 92.0/84.5 90.5/83.0 Low 92.0/89.0 90.0/86.0 91.0/87.5- 86.0/85.0 94.0/85.5 90.0/84.0 Means 93.0/90.0 91.0/87.2 89.2/85.0 86.3/85.7 92.7/85.0 90.3/83.7 Range 02.0/02.0 05.0/05.5 04.5/04.5 09.0/01.0 02.0/01.0 00.5/01.0

• 2-04-00 = Section 2, Berm 4, Station 00.

• • Temperatures in F at depths of 1 inch/1.foot below soil surface.

Table 9. A comparison of soil temperatures taken on October 3, 1975, as a function of soil type and elevation.

Soil Types Organic Muck Clay Clay Site * *2-04-00 3-10-80 3-23-100 4-08-124 1-05-00 5-05-171 Levels Top **95.0/89.0 91.5/93.5 91.0/84.0 92.5/88.5 91.5/87.0 94.5/88.5 Middle 91.0/90.5 92.0/89.5 94.0/88.0 92.0/88.0 91.5/87.0 91.5/86.5 Low 90.0/90.0 90.0/87.5 96.5/88.0 95.0/86.0 - 94.5/92.0 96.0/87.5 Means 92.0/89.8 91.2/90.2 93.8/86.7 93.2/87.5 92.5/88.7 94.0/87.5 Range 05.0/01.5 02.0/06.0 05.5/04.0 02.5/02.5 03.0/05.0 04.5/02.0 Ambient Air Temp. F 88.5 88.0 90.0 91.0 91.5 92.0 Ambient H20 Temp. F 101.0 97.0 97.0 96.5 102.0 95.0

• 2-04-00 = Section 2, Berm 4, Station 00.-

• • Temperatures in F at depths of 1 inch/1 foot below soil surface.

Table 10. A comparison of soil temperatures taken on January 15th and 20th, 1976, as a function of soil type and elevation.

Soil Types Organic Muck Clay Clay Site *2-04-00 3-10-80 3-23-100 4-08-124 1-05-00 5-05-171 Levels Top **75.7/75.7 74.5/74.0 77.0/71.0 68.0/71.5 . 65.0/69.0 66.0/67.5 Middle 76.0/73.5 74.0/73.5 78.5/73.0 68.0/71.5 65.0/67.0 65.0/68.5 Low 77.0/75.0 75.5/74.5 76.2/74.0 67.0/71.0 67.0/68.4 65.0/67.0 Means 76.2/74.6 74.7/74.0 77.2/72.7 - 67.7/71.3 65.7/68.1 65.3/67.7 Range 02.7/02.7 01.5/01.0 ~

02.3/03.2 01.0/00.5 02.0/02.0 01.0/01.5 Ambient Air Temp. .F 76.0 77.5 77.5 66.5 62.0 67.0 Ambient H20 Temp F 86.4 82.0 82.7 69.0 74.8 68.0 2-04-00 = Section 2, Berm 4, Station 00.

• ". Temperatures in F at depths of 1 inch/1 foot below soil surface.

W 100 F W ~W~ . W 95 A.

90 85 80 F.

Section 1 ~

3 Soil tyPes Clay Organic Org-/Mucky Mucky Clay Clay Clay Figure 3. Representative air, water, and soil temperatures as a function of selection and soil type on October 3-, 1975.

W = ambient water temperatures A = ambient air temperatures H = high level soil temp. at, lft. depth M = middle level soil temp. at L = low level soil temp. at lft.lft. depth depth

-164-

B. SOIL CHEMISTRY I

Method Two hundred and ninety-four samples were collected at 98 sample sites covering the entire cooling canal system (Figure 4) and all rpajor soil types. Sample sites are classified as follows:

Sites based on soils

1. dark black

2. organic

3. mucky - clay

4. clay Sites based on vegitative density

5. none

6. heavy

7. medium

8. light

9. area (initially) covered by grass Levels T top. of berm M mid level of berm L 1 foot above water level Samples were analyzed for pH, salinity, conductiv-ity and nutrients (Table ll 14).

-165-

Discussion & Conclu's'i'o'ns During the rainy season the salinity levels decrease to as low as 1500 PPM for some of the organic soils of the western spoil berms. During the rainy season the soil has a tendency toward alkalinity (0.2 pH units), higher average chlorides and nitrogen, and lower phosphorous.

Chlorides are the major growth retardant while phosphorous appears to be the limiting nutrient.

-166-

Table ll. Soil test report from System Berms for April 1975.

Turkey'anal Point Cooling Sample pH N03 Ca* Cl Cond.

. MHGSxl0-5 1 WT 7.0 115 1 86 1500 4,000 600 WM 6.5 46 .5 9'5 2000 8,000 1000 WL 7.5 60 .1 1000 1750 35,000 3100 2 WT 7.1 75 .5 59 700 2,050 -, 440 WM 7.3 105 3 59 600 3,000 420 WL 7.1 48 1 830 1750 34,000 3200 3 WT 7.8 75 .12 340 1000 18,000 1450 WM 7.9 47 3 400 900 16,000 1425 WL 7.8 17 2 800 1150 37,500 3200 4 WT 7.9 60 .5 800 1000 12,000 1050 WM 8.0 37 1 365 750 18,500 1625 WL 8.0 12 .1 760 1100 35,500 3200 5 WT 7.9 40 1 500 900 10,500 1800 WM 7.9 40 4 450 1000 10,000 1500 WL 7.8 38 18 900 1400 35,000 2900 6 WT 7.0 64 1 215 1700 4,300 900 WM 7.2 82 2 195 1500 5,000 800 WL 7.3 36 2 1090 2000 42,000 4000 7 WT 6.9 78 2 120 4000 6,000 1000 WM 7.4 78 2 270 900 7,000 540 WL 7.6 60 2 474 1600 10,SOO 1800 8 WT 7.8 62 1 285 1000 10,000 1000 WM 7.8 38 .7 340 . 1000 6,875 1200 WL 7.5 44 .5 1200 2500 49,000 4500 9 WT 7.8 70 1 250 1000 6,600 950 WM 7.7 92 2 270 1000 8,000 525 WL 7.8 44 1 1000 2000 42,000 4000 WET 7.3 70 1 225 950 10,500 1000 WEM 6.8 85 1 315 800 12,900 1025 WEL 6.7 50 .1 860 1600 30,500 2600

• all these numbers in PPM

-167-

4 Table 12. Soil test report from Turkey Point Cooling Canal Systen Berms for July 1975.

Sample pH NO3 Ca~ C Cond; ll MHOSxl0-5 1 WT 7 ' 135 3' 79 1500 3,950 440 7.6 85 103 1500 4,150 480 WL 7. 6' 80 .2 590 1750 20,000 1600 2 WT ~ 7 85 ~ 2 .65 1000 2,000 350 WM 7 ' 95 .2 79 1100 2,900 365 NL 7 ' 110 .5 300 1250 12,750 1000 3 WT 7.9 60 .1 185 800 12,000 1250 WM .8. 0 3 .5 270 950 10,500 815 7.9 4 NT 7.9 '7 90 E ~

~

3 4

415 300

'00 1000 950 14,150 13,000 ,

810 1350 WM 8' 37 ~ 4 700 15,000 1400 WL 8.1 1 .1 415 600 20,000 1180 5 WT 7.9 85 .5 205 650 13,500 1080 8.0 40 .3' 270 700 15,000 1080 WM WL 6 WT 8.1 7.7 ll 100 .8 415 79 600 950 21,000 4,500 1400 590 NM 7' 95 1 110 1600 ',000 800 WL 7.7 '46 ~ 4 380 1200 21,000 1600 7 WT 7.6 130 .1 71 1500 4,400 560 WM 7.8 105 .1' 71 1450 3,800 520 WL 7.9 46 205 1150 11,500 820 8 WT 7.9 90 .1 '64 1000 10,750 800 WM 7.9 50 1 164 1000 10,000 800 WL 7.9 60 1 340 1150 20,500 1800 9 NT 8.0 95 4 120 . 1000 6,500 800 WM 7.8 110 .1 164 1250 8,750 900 NL 7-9 30 1 590 1000 29,000 2000 WET 7.6 100 .1 315 2700 14,000 1375 WEM 7' 85 3 103 '50 5,250 460 WEL 7.7 105 .5 725 2000 35,000 2400

• all these numbers in PPM

-168-

0

.Table 13. Soil test report from Turkey Point Cooling Canal System Berms for October 1975.

Sample pH NO

• Ca* Cl* Cond.

,3 MHOSx10-5 1 WT 7.7 75 .1 550 1500 1,450 340 WM 7.1 110 .1 95 2000 3,650 390 WL 7.5 85 .1 550 2200 '27,000 2000 2 WT 7.7 115 2'1 40 900 1,750 280 WM 7.3 105 86 1250 2,650 295 WL 7.6 85 .1 550 2200 27,000 2000 3 WT 7.8 80 .1 430 900 5,050 400 WM 7.9 45 .1 148 1000 7,500 590 WL 7.9 25 .1 365 1150 15,000 800 4 NT 8.0 44 1 195 900 8,500 640 WM 8.0 30 .1 148, 900 8,000 570 WL 8.1 7 1 355 9000 14,500 1000 5 WT 7.9 46 .1 110 900 6,500 510 NM 7.8 40 .1 173 900 11,000 725 WL 7.9 13 2 365 1000 12,500 1075 6 WT 7.6 50 .1 110 800 1,850 2'90 WM 7.4 135 .1 95 1300 4,550 410 WL 7.6 28 .1 340 1500 21,250 2000 7 WT 7.5 75 .1 30 450 3,825 320 WM 7.5 85 .1 95 1400 5,500 475 WL 7.7 50 .5 270 1400 11,950 875 8 WT 7.7 85 .1 120 650 6,250 475 WM 7.7 55 .1 110 1000 6;500 550 WL 7.8 ~ 38 .8 450 1500 21,250 1600 9 WT 7.7 100 .1 103 750 5,200 450 WM 7.6 95 .1 155 1000 10,000 650 WL 7.6 60 1 325 1250 18,500 1150 WET 7.. 7 ~

37 .1 238 950 14,000 820 WEM 7.5 100 .1 205 950 9,500 590 WEL 7.6 47 .1 355 900 18,000 900

• all these numbers in PPM

-169-

gable 14. Soil test report from Turkey Point Cooling Canal System Berms for January 1976.

Sample pH N03 P, K Ca Cl Cond.

MHOSx10-5 1 WT 7.0 34 1 .45 250 2,250 280 WM 7.4 18 -1 59 1500 3,500 340 WL 7.4 95 .5 660 1500 30,000 1800 2 NT 7.1 95 1 40 350 1,500 240 WM 7.5 30 2 59 1000 2,900 280 WL 7.5 80 1 415 14 0'0 20,000 1000 3 WT 7.7 24 1 250 750 9,750 700 WM F 7 28 1 155 500 6,900 600 WL '7. 6 ,35 1 590 900 '21,500 1400 4 WT 7.9 44 4 ', 164 650 9,000 900 7.8 33 .5 260 500 12,500 1000 WL 7.5 10 1 , 920 1000 30,250 3000 5 WT 7.8 30 1 120 550 8,000 750 WM 7.8 37 .5 215 750 12,000 1000 7.5 24 1 590 1000 21,500 1200 6 'WT 7.4 22 .1 20 1250 3,000 310 7.5 20 .1 59 1750 4,500 400 NL 7.4 46 .1 610 1250 22,000 1200 7 NT 7.5 30 1 65 1000 6,100 600 WM 7.6 22 ~ 1 65 1100 5,100 '50 7.4 30 .1 400 900 15,000 1000 8 NT 7.6 40 .1 120 1200 7,000 600 WM 7..6 40 .5 120 900 7,500 600 WL 7.5. 48 1 600 '950 11,500 '200 9 WT 7.7 20 .1 71 650 3,650 400 7.7 20 .1 45 550 4,000 380 7.6 19 1 590 1000 28,000 1200 WET 7.5 90 2 380 1150 11,000 800 WEM 7.5 115 .1 415 1050 13,000 800 NEL 7.5 110 .1 670 1500 21,750 1000

• all these numbers in PPM

-170-

Section -5 Section Section 3 Section 2- Section l Og D~

0 o

~O ooh, 0~

~

O

~a o~~

~+o 0~~ ~

Ct 0 0~

0

~ O~

g 0

0 0

P 0

0 0

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a~~

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0 0 0

0 0 C3~~Q ~S O~aR-Figure 4. TURKEY PQINT PLANT siTE 8, cooLING cANAL Wtural Revegitation and Soil Temperatures R ='Rvregitation Induced "Initial Study" S ;, Revegitation Induced "Serendipity"

~ Soil Chemistry 0 Soil Erosion Test Sites

C. Soil Erosion Test Sites Methods Three soil erosion test sites have been set up. The three sites are being monitored for wind and oxidative as well as water erosion.

The three sites are located on berm 2 at the north end of section 5, on berm 16 at the south end of section 4 and on berm 30 at the north end of section 5 (see Figure 4).

Five pipes have been driven through the berms and into the underlying rock. Each pipe is marked with a reference point. Regardless of changes in the berm height, these pipes will provide a constant reference I

point since they are driven into the rock. The distance from the reference point to the berm soil will be measured.

Comparison of these measurements from period to period will allow the determina'tion of changes in the height of the berms.

If the soil is oxidized or if the soil is blown off the berms by wind or it it is washed away by the rain, the effect will be measurable. This will provide the information needed to assess the rate at which erosion occurs.

Also at each site a rainfall recorder has been installed. In addition, a Vee shaped through has been dug 12 to 18 inches deep on the slope of the berm, perpendicular to the flow in the canals. The depth of the trough will be measured to determine erosion due to rainfall.

It may be necessary at a future date to place con-tainers at the low end of the trough to provide a more

-172-

0 direct measurement of the amount of soil washed out of the areas.

Correlations between rainfall and changes in the =-

elevation will be made to evaluate and predict erosion due to rainfall.

Discussions and Conclusions Initial data available will be compared with furture data. No conclusions can be drawn from the initial data alone.

Qualitative observations on the berms indicate that since the berms were initially dug, there has been one half to one inch of soil removed in a few areas of the berms.

This is based on the fact that, in some areas, hard objects such as tiny rocks and snail shells now rest on a one half to one inch pedestal of soil. It is felt that this effect is due to the impact of raindrops displacing soil in areas which are not protected from the impact by the rocks and other hard objects. Whether this occurred immediately after the berms were piled up and were soupy soft and very subject to this type of effect or whether it has happened since the berms have set up and dried to a solid consistancy is mere speculation. It could have been either.

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G. PHYSICAL AND NUTRIENT DATA A. PHYSICAL DATA

~Pur use The purpose of this section is t'o provide basic physical data to help in the interpretation of plankton reports which follow. More detailed temperature data can be found in another section of this report.

Methods 6 Procedures

1. Temperature was measured by a Y.S.I. Thermis-temp Telethermometer. Accuracies were +

0.5 0 C.

2. Salinities were determined with an American Optical Refractometer. Accuracies were +- 0.5 0 C.

3. Dissolved oxygen was measured with a Y.S.I.

+

probe type oxygen meter. Accuracies were 0.4 PPM.

All instruments were calibrated before each sampl-ing date. All measurements were made in the top meter of water.

Discussion 6 Conclusions

1. Temperature In 1975 the maximum temperature measured in the cooling canal system was 42.0 C, 1.0 C higher than the maximum temperature for 1974. In Biscayne Bay the 0

maximum temperature of 32.0 C was the same as found in 1974.

-174-

The minimum temperature for the cooling canal system and Biscayne Bay was 0.5 C lower in 1975 than 1974.

The average temperature differences between the power plant's intake and Biscayne Bay remains at 2.0 0 C. The Bay was lower than the canals. The temper-ature difference between the'ay and the canals was greater in the =summer months with its peak in July.

2. Salinity (PPT)

The maximum salinity in the cooling canals during 1975 was 42.0 (PPT) . It was 42.5 (PPT) for the Bay.

The minimum salinity for the canals was 30. 5 (PPT) . It was 31 (PPT) for the Bay except for one salinity reading in November at station 63 following 0.8" rain. This station is located inshore and is a slow flushing area.

The average range of salinity in the cooling canal system was 4.3 (PPT) and 5.3 (PPT) for the Bay and Card Sound.

Salinities in the canals and in the Bay are within the. tolerable limits of the marine organisms of this area.

As recorded above the Bay and. Card Sound has higher maximum and minimum salinities than the cooling canals. There is no evidence of a rapid salinity build-up in the closed cooling canal system at. Turkey Point.

-175-

0 0

3. Dissolved Oxygen (PPM)

The dissolved oxygen levels in the Bay for 1975 were consistently higher than in the cooling canals. The warmer water in the cana'ls is a"factor which accounts for part of this observation.

Minimum dissolved oxygen levels in 1975 within the cooling canal was 4.0 PPM compared with 3.0 PPM in 1974.

The average range'n the canals for 1975 was 1.4 PPM.

Minimum levels in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound remain at 4.5 PPM, with an average range of 2.25 PPM during one sampling period.

-176-

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I I

I I

0+

JAN 75 FEB 75 MAR 75 APR 75 MAY 75 JUN 75 iJUL 75 AUG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 NOV 75 DEC 75

DISSOLVED OXYGEN WITHIN THE COOLING CRtdRL. SYSTEM IN 2975 AT RLL SAMPLING POINTS Ott RLL SAMPLING DATES

~

20+

I, I

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I D I r-S I S 12+

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+

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75

+

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+

DEc 7 JAN 75 FEB 75 MAR 75 APR 75 t~RY 75 SEt

~

~

I ~

B. NUTRIENT DATA Methods 6 Procedures Samples were collected from 12 sample points within the canal system and three control sample points in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound.

Samples were collected monthly during the plankton surveys. Acid washed ground glass stoppered clear containers were used for the ammonia samples. Phenol-alcohol was added as the preservative. Acid washed ground glass stoppered dark containers were used for the other nutrient samples. Mercuric chloride was added as the preservative.

I All analyses aze performed on a Technicon (CS M 6).

Autoanalyzer. Data is recorded as PPM.

Discussion S Conclusions

1. Ammonia In 1975 ammonia levels were between 0.04 and 0.27 PPM in the cooling canals. This was consistently higher than at the contxol stations in the Bay and Card Sound where the levels remain below 0.05 PPM. The ammonia showed a semiannual cycling. Ammonia data shows a high degree of cozrelation with temperature and salinity. The highest level for ammonia mostly appears at stations with highest temperature and lowest salinity.

-183-

further analysis of the physical data and nutrient data will be made to examine these correlations more closely.

The levels at all sampling points remain below any level that could be considered eutrophic.

2. Nitrites Nitrites levels ranged between 0.01 and 0.08 PPM in the cooling canals. This was approximately 3 to 4 times the levels found at the control stations in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound, where'the levels were stable at below 0.005 PPM.

The average range of the nitrite levels be-tween the 12 sample points in the canals was 0.01 PPM.

At the control station a 0.002 PPM range was found.

Nitrites levels in the canals and at the control I

stations are below eutrophic levels.

3. Nitrates The cycling of nitrate levels in the cooling canal system has repeated itself for the second year.

The January, December, June, and July levels were higher than the rest of the year.

Maximum levels for 1975 in the cooling system were.0-67 PPM (in June) and the minimum level was 0.03 PPM (in May) .

The control stations nitrate levels remain stable at below 0.06 PPM.

4. Phosphates For 1975 in the cooling canal system the average inorganic phosphate levels were 0.024 PPM.

-184-

Total phosphate remains at 0.03 PPM higher than the inorganic phosphate (0.054PPM) . At the control stations, inorganic phosphate remains below 0.01. Total phosphate levels were higher reaching a maximum of 0.03 PPM.

In general, nutrient levels in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound remain lower than the levels recorded within the canal system.

-185-

AMttoNIA (PPM) IN BIscRYtlE BAY RND cARD sovtlD IN 1975 AT RLL sRt1PLING PoINT$ ot4 RLL sANPLING DATEs 0 ~ S+

I I

I I

'5/

~

0 I

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0;4+

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0 '+ I O

tl I I I ~ g ~

A 0 'S+

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Pa P.

MD 0 '+I. I r

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JRtl 7S PEB 75 l'1RR

+

75 APR

+

75 MAY 75

+

JUtl 7S 'VL +

'75 'UG

+

75 S+

SEP 75 OCT

+

75 ttOU 75 DEC 75

RMMONIR (PPM) WITHIN THE COQI ING CANAL SYSTEM IN 1975 AT ALt SAMPLING POINTS Otd FILL SAMPLING OATES 0 ~ 5f I

I I

I

'.454 ~ ~

~ g 1

0 ~ 4f I

I I

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I t1 0 ~ 34 O I I

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0. 1$ ~

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I-0,05$

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0)

++ + -+

JAt4 75 f'ES 75 '1AR 75 RPR 75 MAY 75 JVN 75 JVL 75 AVG 75 SEP 75 acT 75 ttov 75 oEc 75

NITRITE (PPH)

I IN 6ISCAYNE 6AY AND CARD SOVt4D IN 1975 *T ALL SAMPLING POINTS Ot4 fiLL SAMPLING DATES 0.5+

I I

I I

0 ~ t45+

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.I I

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~ 354 I

1 I

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T I I

T E 0 ~ 254 I ~ ~

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0 ~ 05$

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'+~ ~

+-

JAN 7P FE6 ?5 HAR 75 'PR 75 "

MAY 75 JVN 75 JUL 75 AVG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 NOV 75 DEC 75

NITRITE (PPM) NI THIN THE COOL It%6 CAtdAL - SYSTEH IN 1975 AT ALL SAMPLING POINTS ALL SAt4PLIN6 DATES 0 '+ I ON I

I I

0.954 I

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I 0 ~ '4+

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0 ~ 35+

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I N I I 0 ~ 3$

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E 0 '54 I

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0. 2f I

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I 0 ~ 1.54 I

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I 0 ~ I.+

I I~

I 0 ~ 05+

I I

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0+

+ +

JAN 7S FEB 75 tCAR 75 APR 75 t4AY 75 JVN 75 JVI 75 AVG 75 SEP 7S OCT 75 NOV 75 DEC 7S

e NITRATE (PPt4) IN B I SCAYNE BAY At4D CARD SOVtlD Il'l 1975 AT ALL AMPLING PDIt4TS Dt4 ALL SAt4PL IN6 DATES 0 ~ 1+ I I

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0 ~ 01+

I I-I 0+

++ + + + + + +

JAI'4 7S PEB 75 MAR 75 APR 75 MAY 75 JVN 75 JUL ?5 AUG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 NOV 75, , DEC 75

0 NITRATE (PPM) ttITHIN THE COOLII4G CANAL SYSTEM IN 1975 AT FILL SAMPLING POINTS Ot4 ALL'AMPLlt4G DATES 1+

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Jht-4 75 FEB 75 ttAR 75 APR 75 MAY 75 JUt I 75 JUL 75 AUG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 . NOV 75 DEC 75

0

~ g 0

4

INQMANIC PHQSPHRTE (PPM) IN 815CAYNE BAY AND CARD SOUND IN 1975 AT RLL SRHPLING POINTS ON ALL SRNPt IN6 DATES I ~

\

0 ~ 1+ ~

r I

l I

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JAN 7g ., F'ES 75 HRA 7S APR 75 NAY 75

+

JUN 75 'UL+ 75 AUG 75 SEP

+

75 OCT

+

75 NQV

+

75

+

DEC 7S r

INORGRNIC PHOSPHATE (PPH) IN THE COOLING CANAL SYSTEH IN 1975 AT ALL SRHPLING POINTS 0 '+ I

• ~

I Ot4 ALL SRt1PLING DRTES I

I I

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+ + + +

JAN 75 \ FEB 75 ttAR 75 RPR 75 HAY 75 JVtt 7S JVL 75 AVG 75 i SEP 75 OCT 7S NOV 75 DEC 75 JRN 76

IN 8 1 SCAYNE BAY AND . CARD SOUtAD IN 1975 AT ALL SANPL IN6 POINTS ON ALL SANPL ING DATES TOTAt PHOSPHATE (Ppt1) 0 ~ ifI I

I I

0 ~ 09f I

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/

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T 0 ~ 07f O

T I A

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lO H I

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P 0 ~ 05f H

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0 ~ 04f I

P ~

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++~ + + + + + + + +

VAN 75 PE@ 75 MAR 75 APR 75 HAY 7S UUN 7S uvt 75 Ave 75 SEP 75 = OCT 75 NOU 75. DEC 75

4 4

TOTAL PHOSPHATE (PPM) IN THE COOLING CANAL SYSTEM IN 1975 AT ALL SAMPLING POINTS Ott ALL SAMPLING DATES

~

0 ~ L+ \

I i,

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I 0,09$

l I

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++ + +- + + +

JAN 75 F'ES 75 ERR 75 RPR 75. MRY 75 JUtt 75 JUL 75 AUG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 NOV 75 . DEC 75 JAN 76

H. PLANKTON I. ZOOPLANKTON A. SAMPLING METHODS 6 PROCEDURES Methods and prodedures were as previously reported using a standard 5" Clarke-Bumpus Sampler with a 510 mesh net and bucket Zooplankton orgnaisms were divided into six cate-gories as following:

l. ~Co e ode Includes cyclopoid, harpacticoid, and monstrilloid copepods.

All gastr'opod veligers.

3. Bivalve larvae All bivalve veligers.

4. Co e od nau lii All crustacean nauplii similar in appearance to copepod nauplii (with the exception of cirripeds).

5. Cirri ed nau lii As distinguished from other nauplii.

6. Other or anisms All other zooplankton not included in the first five categories.

The data given for zooplanktons is in number per

-196-

B. DISCUSSION 8c CONCLUSIONS In 1975, zooplankton levels within the cooling canal system were approximately 10% of the levels in the Bay. This is probably due to the cycling of the cooling water through the power plant condensers every two days. In the Bay, the zooplankton continue to follow a seasonal pattern with winter increases and summer decreases.

In 1975, the highest zooplankton concentration in the Bay was 10 per liter compared with over 60 per liter in 1974. The highest total zooplankton level in the cooling canals in 1975 was 0.8 per liter compared with over 5 per liter in 1974.

C. COPEPODS Copepods constitute over 75% of the biomass in both the Bay and the cooling canal system.

During the winter (November through April), the average maximum copepods levels in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound were 6.8 per liter. Within the cooling canals for the same period, copepod levels were 0.23 per liter.

From Nay through October of 1975, the average maxi-mum copepods levels in the Bay were 2.4 per liter com-pared to a 0.17 per liter in the cooling system.

In general, the number of copepods has decreased in both the cooling canals and the Bay from 1974 to 1975.

-197-

0 D. GASTROPOD LARVAE Gastropod larvae continue to be almost totally absent in the cooling canal system. The highest concen-tration was 0.007 per liter in June, 1975. The gastropod larvae levels in the Bay and Card Sound averaged 0.2 per liter with the highest, concentration of 1.0 liter also reported in June, 1975.

E. BIVALVE LARVAE The cooling canals have essentially no bivalve larvae in the plankton. Biscayne Bay and Card Sound remain at low levels. The highest concentration was 0.23 I

per liter reported in July,'975. This is only 10/o of the highest concentration reported in 1974.

-19 8-

0 F. COPEPOD AND CIRRIPED NAUPLII Both nauplii are too small to be adequately sampled by a 510 mesh net. However, nauplii are retained due to fouling of the net with the subsequent decrease in the effective filtering mesh size. In the cooling canal system cirriped larvae were present at very low levels with the highest concentration of 0.03 per liter reported in February, 1975.

N In the Bay and Card Sound, copepod and cirriped nauplii were at a low level, around 0.05 per liter. 'The highest concentrations for copepod nauplii was 0.5 per liter and 0.13 per liter for cirriped nauplii both in January, 1975. There is no significant change between levels in 1974 and 1975 in the cooling canals, but levels decreased in the Bay from 1974 to 1975.

-199-

G OTHER ZOOPZANKTON ORGANISMS In Biscayne Bay, average level has been lower in 1975 (0.5 per liter) than in 1974 (2.5 per liter).

Within the cooling canal system, other zooplankton organisms have almost no representatives. The highest concentration was 0.5 per liter in June with an average level of below O.l per liter.

Other zooplankton organisms normally found in the canal are fish eggs, fish larvae, shrimp larvae, 'ooling Zoea larvae, chaetogaths, polychact larvae, and tunicate larvae. In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound in addition to the previous groups, nematodes, amphipods, cladocerans, and medusae are found.

-200-

0 0 i I

TWELVE PHYTOPLANKTON, NUTRIENT. AND HYDROGRAPHY SAMPLING STATIONS WF-2

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eNpUJvaa~X~

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coPEPQDs PER LITER IN BIscAYNE eAY AND cARD sovND IN 1975 AT ALL 10+ I sANPLING PoINTs otl ALL shtAPLING DATEs

~ ~

I I

I I

94 I

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JAN 75, Fae 75 t1AR 75 APR 75 NAY 75 JVN 75 JVL 75 AVS 75 SEP 75 DCT 75 . wnV 75 DEC 75

COPEPODS PER LITER IN THE COOLING CANAL SYSTEH ll'l X9?5 AT QI L SANPLING POINTS Otl ALL SAtlPLING DATES I

10+ ~

I I

I I F I

I I

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JAN 75, PES 75 NAR 75 APR 75 MAY 75 JVN 75 JVL 75 AVG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 NOV 75 DEC 75 JAN 76 '

IN 1975 AT FiLL SAMPLING POINTS ON ALL SAttPL ING DATES LITER IN BISCAYNE BAY AND CARD SOUttD GASTROPODS PER I-I I

I 0,93 I

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JAN 7S

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FEB 75 NAR 75 APR 75 'AY 7S JVN 7S JVL 75 AVG 7S SEP 75 OCT 75 NOV

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75 -

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DEC 7S

GRSTROPODS PER I 'I TER WITHIN THE COOLING CANAL SYSTEN IN 1975 AT RLL SRHPLING POINTS ON RLL SRNPLING DATES 1+

I I

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JAtd 75 .. FEB 75 t1RR 75 *PR 75 HRY 75 JUN 75 JOL 75 RVG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 NOV 75 DEC ?S

0 0

BIVALVES PER LITER IN BISCAYNE BAY AND CARD'OVND IN 1975 AT ALL SAttPLINCI POINTS SAttpl INg 0 '+ I ON At t I

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75 JUL 75 7S sEP 75 ocT 75 Nov 75 DEc 7S JAN 76 FEB 75. tfAR 75 APR 75 NAY 7S JUt4 AUG

BIUALUES PER LITER IN THE cooLING cANAL SYsTEN IN 1975 AT ALL sAt4PLING PoINT$ otd ALL sAt4PLING DATEs 0 ~ 5f I ~

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. COPEPOD NAVP1 II PER LITER IN BISCAYNE BAY RND CRRD SOUttD IN 1975 AT RLL SRMPLING POINTS ON RLL SAMPLING DATES 0 ~ 5+- I I

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J*ti 75 f'EB 75 MRR 75 RPR 75 JVt t 75 JUL ?5 AUG 7S SEP 75 OCT 75 NOU 75 DEC 75 1

COPEPODS NAUPLI I PER t I TER t41THIN THE COOI-ING CANAI SYSTEM IN 19?5 AT ALL SAMPLING POINTS ON ALL SAMPI ING DATES 0 '4 I )~

r I

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e CIRRIPED NAUPI II PER LITER IN eISCAYNE eAY AND CARD SOUND IN I

1975 AT Al L SANPLING POINTS ON ALL SANPLING DATES

0. 5+

I I

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0 '+ I I

C I I I I

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UAN 7P PEe 75 NAR 75 APR 75 NAY 75 vuN 75 UUL 75 Aua 75 sEP 75 . ocT 75 Noo 7S DEc 75

CIRRIPED NAUPLI I PER LITER IN THE COOLING CANAL SYSTEM IN 1975 AT ALL SAMPLING POIttTS ON ALL SAMPLING DATES 0.5+ C I

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JAN 75 . FEB 75 MAR 75 APR 75 MAY 75 JUN 75 JUL 75 AUG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 ttOV ?5 DEC 75 JAN 76

~ ~

OTHER ZOOPLANKTON PER LITER IN 81SCAYNE BAY AND CARD SOUND IN 1975 AT RLL SRMPL I NG POINTS Ot4 ALL SAMPLING DATES 54 I

I I

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VRt4 75 FES 75 HRR 75 APR 75 HAY 75 JVt4 ?5 JUI 75 AUG 75 "

SEP 75 OCT 75 NDV 75 'EC 7S

. OTHER ZOOPLANKTON PER LITER IN THE COOLING CANAL SYSTEH IN 1975 RT ALL SAHPLING POINTS 5j ON RLL SAMPLING DATES I

I I

I 4,5+

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JAtl 75 PES 75 ERR 75 RPR 75 HRY 75 JVN 75 JVL 75 RVG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 tiOV 75 DEC 75 JaN 76

TOTAL ZOOPLANKTOtt PER LITER IN BISCAYNE SAY ANO CARO SOVthD II'I 1975 AT ALL SAMPLING POINTS Ott ALL SAMPLING DATES 20+

I I

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184 I

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JAN 75 FEtt: 7S MAR 75 rAPR 75 MAY 75 JVN 75 JVL 75 Aua 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 NOV 75 DEC 75

TOTRL ZOOPLANKTON PER L'ITER WITHIN THE COOLING CANRL SYSTEH IN 1975 FIT FILL SRHPL I NG PO I ITS ON RLL SFINPL I NG DATES 204 I

I I

I 18$

I N ~

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I 16$

I T I O I T I A 144 I

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JAN 75"I ', F'EB 75 t1AR 75 RPR 75 NAY 75 JUth 75 JVL 75 RVG 75 SEP 75 OCT 75 NOU 75 DEC 75

II. PHYTOPLANKTON REPORT. ON THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF ALGAE AND PROTOZOA IN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING WATER CANALS AND ADJACENT BISCAYNE BAY WATERS, JULY TO DECEMBER, 1975 James'. Lackey INTRODUCTION This is the third report covering six months'nalyses of plankton from 13 lower Biscayne Bay and Card Sound, and 12 canal stations. Like the two previous reports this one is qualitative and quantitative, and is aug-mented by many previous reports from this area. All were prepared for the Florida Power and Light Company and are in their files.

The present report is based on two changes in procedure in regard to sample analysis. Previous samplings to 1974 were mostly examined alive.

These 1975 samples were all preserved with Lugols solution,,sedimented, and the catch sent to me for examination. Previous samples were usually fresh, centrifuged at the Turkey Point Laboratory, and the catch examined alive.

Such samples were reported on a number-per-ml basis.

Second, the present report gives numbers-per-20 ml results. This gives a wider coverage of species present. It appears that numbers per ml is less meaningful here, because satisfactory counts are not readily obtained for such small algae as Coccochloris, Chlorella and certain diatoms which are mixed with debris in the canal samples; and for small gymnodinid dinoflagellates

~ and zooflagellates, because of unsuitable fixation.

Table 1 shows the numbers of cells, without regard to taxonomic status, in the July - December, 1975 samples.

Table 2 shows the groups present and the number of species in each of the sampling months.

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There are, of course, various methods of counting these very small forms, notably centrifuging 100 mls of raw water, and counting. But species such as Nannochloris, Chlorella and Detonula are more significant because of their presence, than their numbers, unless present as huge blooms, simply

'because of their very small biomass. It is concluded, perhaps wrongly, h i g1 F l1 e i i 20 1 . i t ig i number of Coccochloris and it certainly is readily identifyable amid the debris.

GROUPS PRESENT Practically all major groups of algae and protozoa which are known to occur in the plankton are shown in this report. Table I shows the number-.per-20 mls of each group counted, and succeeding Tables list the species. Table 3 lists the sulfur bacteria. Only the colorless species of ~Be iatoa were found, none of the purple sulfur forms being listed, nor Achromatium. Those found are not plankton types but crawl in the sediment-water interface, and appear in this study because they are swept into suspension by tidal and circulation currents. They are almost equal in distribution, with no logical explanation as to why they occur in the Bay in the summer months, and the canals in the autumn. Being facultative anaerobes, their numbers here have little significance, but a study of the sediment-water I

interface would almost certainly show large numbers, associated with little organic sulfur, or H2S, but cellulosic decomposition of mangrove debris.

They are also as prevalent in fresh water as in salt.

Blue green algae Table 4 shows the kinds and distribution of blue green algae. Only the larger species are counted with accuracy; because of the debris in the

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samples is concentrated, Coccochloris counts are meaningless. There are also organisms which are facultative anaerobes and which are largely independent of salinity in sea water ranges. Twenty-two species were recognized; 17 in the Bay, 14 in the canals. The species which are missing in the canal samples are also the ones which occur sparingly in the Bay. Some species which were expected in both locations either did not occur, or were present in slim h . fh ~dh h 1 ~i td f d 1 h 1, 1h gh common in the Bay. The converse was true for.0scillatoria.

Blue green algae are presumed to indicate water. of poor quality. This usually means high temperature, presence of organic compounds, low D.O., etc.,

singly or associated. No blooms of blue greens were found in the present study, and indeed most indications from other organisms indicate a low nutrient

~

content, especially in the canals. It must be remembered that various species of blue greens are able to fix free nitrogen and do not necessarilyhneed a source of dissolved nitrogen such as N03. The amounts of 'available o-PO< are not shown.

The species list and the frequency of occurrence of blue greens indicates stress to some extent. In the Bay this could be low nutrient concentrations.

This could be true in the canals also, but additionally, rather consistently i

higher than normal temperatures, absence of a seasonal temperature effect, passage through the condensers could all be effective. See further "Discussion."

Species recorded in Table 2 are common and readily identifyable pt f h h k d fth 1 k. A h provisional name for an extremely small string-of-pearls type noted'rom this area previously, and which we have never been able to locate from available literature. Akinetes and heterocysts have not been se'en. None of the species except this one are unusual or present in bloom numbers. Occurrences and species were slightly lower than during the same period a year previous.

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1 Green algae Green plankton algae are few in species and number in marine waters.

Previous experience in this area indicated we might expect Chlorella, Nannochloris 4

d ~g 1 h . g ly ghl 11 gg id d fl 1 ly fd lfi d d its occurrence was erratic.

At the same time "green cells" were found in practically every sample.

No counts are shown because it is believed almost all of these were small gymnodinids, and will be discussed in this context.

Volvocida g fig f1 ll g p 1 . ~did g P. ~secies and gunaliella were found, with 4 occurrences of P. gross). Low numbers of species,, and per sample, for this group is probably an indication of low NH-N in these waters, as well as organic content. This idea is supported d

by Euglenida and Cryptomonadida also. It is hardly related to consistent high temperatur'es which prevailed in the canals, but not in the Bay samples.

Euglenida Green flagellate euglenids were also rare. Their occurrence is shown in Table 4 and repr esents a slight increase over July - December, 1974. Two

'f the six species (asterisk) were not found in available literature and the

~Cled h h f df h d 1 h dl interface at depths up to 150 feet in core samples off Pompano Beach. Since most of the colorless euglenids are crawlers in the interface, and facultative heterotrophs,, plankton samples may give a very inadequate assessment of these organisms in this situation.

There is one exception to this. ~Eutre tia ~s . occur in large numbers where organic matter is or has recently been, present in salt water. Large

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numbers have been noted below seven outfalls. Eutreotia was virtually lacking in the canals until December, 1975, when it occurred in all canal samples except one, and in considerable numbers, but still below bloom proportions. There is no explanation of this outbreak. Behavior of the Euglenida shows a need for a more detailed study, especially since there was an increase in species and in numbers, over 1974.

Cryptomonadida These were virtually lacking -- or perhaps not recognized. Hillea for example, and a small Chroomonas are very common in the estuaries of Escambia Bay, readily seen and counted in unkilled samples. In July - December, 1974, four species occurred, with 28 occurrences for 3 species in the Bay and a single occurrence of a single species in the canals.

In 1975, in the same period Rhodomonas baltica and Hillea ~s . occurred in July and October 10 times and Chilomonas marina- in three Bay samplings.

No canal occurrences were seen. It is inferred that no al.buminoid or ammonia nitrogen was present, or at least in sufficient quantity to support cryptomonad growth, in the canals. Temperature is not considered the deciding factor.

Chrysomonadida, Chloromonadida, and Silicoflagellida were noted a very few times or not at all. Since they are normal components of estuarine or salt water, albeit in large numbers only in polluted situations, their almost complete absence here may be taken as an indication of a stressed condition.

See "Discussion."

Dino f1 agel 1 i da The most common groups in these waters include the dinoflagellate species.

All are inshore forms, as contrasted with those of the open sea, and most of them are small compared to open sea species. Table 5 shows the number of species

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and the number of genera. In all 43 genera or species were recognized; 40 in the Bay, 17 in the canals. Nine were found in both situations. It seems that the canals discriminate markedly against dinoflagellates. of the By P 1 P bf and Peridinium ~diver ens each occurred P .

O Bii frequently in the bb, Bay However some 11 but not in the b

canals. None of the 43 kinds were exclusively canal dwellers. The only species common to the canals was Exuviaella marina and it was not found at all in November and December. In my experience it has been a high temperature, low salinity dinoflagellate which would explain its persistence in the canals.

Actually there were 479 occurrences of dinoflagellates in the Bay and only 75 in the canals. This is approximately 16K as many in the canals.

The problem is why the canal numbers are as low. It is not believed that nuclides or radioactivity, are responsible. Circulation may be such as to species was rich enough in the beginning to about match the Bay water, successive passages through the condensers might lower both to a critical point, or below it. Maintenance of temperatures near 95 F in the canals, while the Bay waters pursued a normal autumnal drop might be effective also. Actually there are too many variables such as predation, nutrient depletion, etc., to answer this question. But it is evident that some stress or stresses militates against the canal dinoflagellates.

4 1 p 1 4 f B. 1 11 p 1 f~ppi were readily identified to genus. But species up to 15 - 20 microns were frequent and stained heavily with the Lugols solution. It was frequently im-possible to see the chloroplasts, if present, or obtain a good discription of other features'such as girdle displacement. Such species may have been G. minor, G.

albulum, G. incertum, G. monadicum, G. ~v1tili o, G. venefieium or even

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4 0

undescribed species. Table 5 recognizes this difficulty.

Diatoms Baci llariophyceae V

Debris in the canal samples seemed to be predominantly plant material.

There was virtually no sand or silt and the material was very flocculant. Also, there was much more'f it than of algal or protozoal origin, so that it frequently made determination of species difficult. In small diatoms determinations of cell markings was difficult, and many pennate forms are simply called Navicula ~s.

Table 6 gives the number of species and occurrences in the Bay and the canals for this study. The more than 53 species shown in Table 7 indicates they are the most varied and widespread of all the microorganisms in the area waters. All are holophytic; there is abundant silicon, and presumably enough nutrient to support good populations. No blooms were noted but ~Am hera ovalis favored the Bay while A. alata favored the canals. A number of distinctive species which it has k dr p epiphytic form occurs in great ii 1, not been possible to identify with available numbers on h

slides

~Li hung literature h

are marked with t.

in the current.

Thi Very few of the salt water plankton diatoms were present in these samples.

Noteworthy by their almost complete absence in the canals are Coscinodiscus, Chaetoceras and Rhizosolenia. The pennate diatoms on the contrary, with a tendency to creep on the sediment-water interface, or on a solid substrate, ought to be more common, and perhaps more varied than plankton species. This was not the case in any month. The small diatom plankton crop may have been wiped out by successive passages through the canals, but the smaller number of pennate forms is difficult to explain.

Nevertheless, the diatoms are probably the most important, in number and biomass, of the area plankton; Holophytic, they probably find ample nutrients;

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a shortage of silicon is hard to envisage, if it might be the critical element.

If there are marked differences between the canals and the Bay they should show up in the plankton groups with the greatest number of species. It does show up here. Table 9 indicates that the number of species in each month was lower in the canals, than in the Bay; and the same was true for number of occurences.

Ho diatom blooms were seen and no unusual species. Those marked with an asterisk in Table 8, could not be identified'ith available literature but they have occurred repeatedly in this area, and hopefully may be assigned to a proper taxonomic position at some future time.

The small Naviculas are all but impossible to identify.

Protozoa Rhizopods The rhizopods may be termed negligible. Strongly positively thigmotactic, they are swept into suspension by the recirculation currents with difficulty, so that actually we have incomplete information on their presence in the canals.

The few noted (Table 2) were present in Bay samples. Inshore waters very rarely show radiolarians, Acanthozoa and globigerinids.

Colorless Flagellates This group properly includes only the Zooflagellates. These are hard to identify when killed, especially when abundant debris is present. The color-less cells shown in Table 9 undoubtedly include Bodo, Monas and Oicomonas, but are not recognized as such and much less so are the various species of these g . C1 1 p i h Clil i (Gyp phyid);~Cth truncata (Euglenida) are readily recognizable if present, but would not be in-eluded here. Most of the other colorless cells were present in each of the

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E%

samples in the Bay, and in 57 of a possible 72 in the canals.

It is assumed however that most of these are small dinoflagellates, probably of the genus Gymnodinium; some may be green algal cells, heavily stained. The constancy of shape and the well defined envelope leads to this conclusion. Actually the only easily identified zooflagel late is ~Pele hila.

Manas, Oicomonas, Bodo and craspedomonads would have to be identified from living material.

Ciliates Ciliate occurrence and distribution (Table ll) should be termed normal for the Bay, and greatly re'duced in the canals. A total of 24 species occurred in the Bay and 4 in the canals. The 24 Bay species occurred 142 times, the 4 canal species occurred 6 times. Since the potential occurrence was 1872 (1 occurrence per species, per sample for each of 6 months), the Bay has a low rate of occurrence -- about 7.5/ while that in the canals is negligible.

All of these presumably are bacteria as food. The bacterial flora of the Bay is probably varied. How abundant is not known. As pointed out above, the canals might have a bacterial flora dominated by one largely dependent on decomposition of mangrove debris, i.e. of cellulosic origin. Such a bacterial population might be of restrictive value to ciliates, and represent a stressed condition for a ciliate population.

Several of the ciliate species (denoted by an asterisk) are recorded here for the first time. None are present in excessive numbers, nor are any regarded as rare.

DISCUSSION This report brings forth the strongest evidence yet accrued that a strongly stressed condition exists in the canal system. Effects are a diminished occurrence

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of many species; a diminished number of species; and a lowered population.

Sulfur bacteria were the only group slightly more abundant in canals, rather than the Bay. They have been consistent in occurring more frequently in the canals in the past.

All algae and protozoa have shown more species in the Bay than in the canals. Not all groups occurred in the present sampling period; for example, Chloromonadida were not recorded, nor Ebridae. But for those present, Volvocida, Chrysophysida, Cryptophysida and Si licoflagellida while present in the Bay, did not occur in the canals.. The four most common groups - Blue green algae; Dinoflagellids; Bacillariophyceae and Ciliata were more abundant in the Bay, I

both in species, and in occurrence.

There has been a declining canal population in the past. This time it is sharply marked. The Bay population consistently repeats itself -- the same blue greens, the same dinoflagellates.', the same ciliates. Each sampling period shows some species not heretofore recorded, some previous ones absent.

But the canal population for this sampling period is very circumscribed; more so than in the past. Why? One must look at the predator population and at the available nutrients. The effects of turbulence, and of repeated passage through the condenser cooling pipes. No reports of low concentrations of nuclides have been made. And only once or twice have temperatures exceeded 95 F.

Evidently there is either a gradually developing deleterious condition in the canals, or a cumulative effect of small departures from normal Bay water, which are small enough not to be quickly effective.

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TABLE 1 NUMBERS OF ALGAE AND PROTOZOA AT EACH BAY AND CANAL Bay Dates Station July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

3 909 501 180 140 235 232 5 735 285 72 355 306 121 12 198 131 86 143 207 109 19 .371 318 224 302 133 101 23 222 180 90 253 195 79 24 228 430 148 125 85 93 25 268 310 316 184 . 107 154 26 394 131 163 219 69 104 28 160 158 102 222 56 98 29 X-3 Y-2 R-3 167 200 177 330 193 248 283 257 76 307 187 161 65 206 137 154 165 159 191 264

'4 56 67 Canals RC-0 38 48 27 35 137 RC-1 37 108 37 45 70 RC-2 224 106 17 133 38

'16 RC-3 115 356 338 83 166 124 WF-2 119 286 85 89 RF-3 131'0 155 F-1 37 104 428 21 60 E3-2 57 207 70 43 20 . 156 W6-2 332 388 155 129 163 248 W12-2 313 384 102 252 64 W18-2 302 424 108 34 284 W24-2 216 698 149 44 374 WF-2* 636 56 F 3* 282 W-2* 628 WF-1* 643

• Samples other than from the normal sampling station.

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TABLE 2 SPECIES AND MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Total Total Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Sulfur Bacteria 3 1 3 3 1 2 4 Blue-green Algae 12 9 7 9 7 17 8 10 4 14 Green Algae 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 Volvocida - green flagellates 2 1, 2 1 1 2 Euglenida - green flagellates 4 3 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 Cryptophysida - olive green flagel 1 ates 1 1 1 3 Chrysophycida - yellow flagellates Silicoflagellida - silicous flagellates Dinoflagellida - mixed I flagel 1 ates 26 26 21 17 14 11 37 10 3 2 3 5 7 15 Baci 1 1ariophyceae - diatoms Protozoa - colorless 29 35 21 21 19 24 48 17 ll 14 16 16 21 27

~

rhizopods 2 1 2 3 Protozoa - colorless flagellates 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 Protozoa - ciliates ll 5 12 6 9 23 2 1 1 1 1 2 4

TABLE 3 OCCURRENCES OF SULFUR BACTERIA AT TURKEY POINT Bay- Canal Total Total Month Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Beggiatoa alba 1 1 1 1 Beggiatoa arachnida 4 1 5 8 Beggiatoa giganteus 2- 2 4 Beggiatoa mirabilis 1 3 4 Beggiatoa minima Totals each month 1 7 1 2 5 5 5 17

0 TABLE 4 OCCURRENCE OF BLUE GREEN ALGAE AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Total Total Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Anabaena microscopica 1 1 Anabaena sp. 2 2 3 Arthrospira sp. (jenneri?) 1 1 Borgia trilocularis 2 2 Chroococcus gigantea 1 4 4 4 Chroococcus planctonica 6 10 2 Coccochloris sp. 13 3 5 4 Eucapsis alpina 1 1 Gomphosphaeria aponina 7 12 1 2 6 6 2 Gomphosphaeria lacustris 1 Johannesbaptistia pellucida 12 '

5 3 2 Lyngbya aertuarii 6 4 5 3 1 3 5 5 Lyngbya majuscula 1 Lyngbya sp. 3 3 4 3 Herismopedia glauca 1 1 Merismopidia punctata 3 2 1 Nodularia spumigena+ 1 1 1 Oscillatoria sp. 4 2 4 6 8 5 Pleurocapsa sp.

Schizothrix calcicola 3 Spirulina minor 3 Trichodesmium sp.

Species each month 8 8 6 7 6 7 3 6 7 9 3 No. occurrences in 20 mls 18 56 21 26 33 17 27 11 18 32 33 7

TABLE 5 OCCURRENCE OF EUGLENIDA AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Total Total Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Astasia sp. 8 8 Euglenid, Unid. 1 3 Eutreptia hirudo 2 2 6 Eutreptia longa+ 2 1 ~

4 Eutreptia viridis 1 2 3 12 15 Cylindromonas sp.+ 1 Totals each month 2 13 3 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 12

TABLE 6 NUMBER OF DINOFLAGELLATE SPECIES AND OCCURRENCE PER MONTH AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Number of Species July 26 . 10 August 9 3 August 23 3 September 20 1 October 17 3 November 13 5 December 16 7 Number of Occurrences July 144 26 August 80 12 August 105 5 September 120 1 October 102 9 November 72 5 December 70 18

-2 31-

TABLE 7 OCCURRENCE OF DINOFLAGELLATES AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Total Total Species Present Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Amphidinium klebsi 6 Amphidinium operculatum 1 Amphidinium sp. 1 Ceratium furca 1 10 5 9 8 5 38 Ceratium fusus 1 1 2 Ceratium floridensis 4 Diplosalis lenticularis 4 9 1 3 17 Exuviaella apora Exuviaella compressa 7 -7 Exuviaella marina 9 13 7 6 9 7 51 9 6 1 3 21 Exuviaella sp. 1 1 Gymnodinium aeruginosa 2 12 10 9 6 39 Gymnodinium splendens 12 3 10 4 29 Gymnodinium sp. (to 15') 13 12 13 12 13 13 76 1 1 9 Gymnodinium sp. (15'o 40') 3 5 2 9 19 Gymnodinium sp. (40@ or more)- 5 4 9 Glenodinium sp. 1 Gonyaulax digitale 2 5 1 1 9 Gonyaulax monilata 4 1 4 9 Gonyaulax sp. 2 2 Goniodoma sp. 1 1 1 3 Gyrodinium lachryma 3 7 Gyrodinium pingue 8 8 16 Massartia rotunda 8 13 23 Ninuscula bipex 1 1 Perdinium divergens 7 2 1 14 Perdinium globulus 6 4 ll

TABLE 7 (Continued)

Bay Canals Total Total Species Present Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Perdinium longa 1 1 Perdinium mila 6 6 Perdinium pentagonum 1 1 Perdinium trochoideum 8 ll 9 1 36 Perdinium tuba 1 3 1 6 Perdinium sp. 6 10 10 13 5 49 3 2 7 Peridiniopeis robundata 1 3 2 6 5 Prorocentrum micans 9 11 8 5 1 41 1 Prorocentrum scutellum 6 1 3

'11 ll Prorocentrum triangulatum 10 1 1 13 Protoceratium reticulatum 2 3 2 1 9 2 Pyrophacus horologicum 5 5 -2 Pyrodinium bahamiense 6 8 7 9 5 6 39 Protodinium sp. 6 6 Polykrikos schwartzii 2 2 Torodinium robustum 1 1 Unid. 13 -13 13 10 10 70

TABLE 8 OCCURRENCE OF DIATOMS AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Total Total Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Amphora alata 1 1 7 7 5 2 29 Amphora ovalis 1 17 6 2 6 2 34 Amphiprora sp.

Amphisbaena sp.

1 1

2 1 4 1

1 4 2 4 ll Campylodiscus echaneis 1 1 Campylodiscus fastuorum 4 4 Cocconeis spp. 5 4 6 6 7 4 32 3 8 14 Chaetoceras spp.

Coscinodiscus concinnus 5

2 5 1 ll 2 6 Coscinodiscus sp. 1 1 3 5 Coscinoscira sp. 1 8 9 Cyclotella sp. 6 2 5 7 4 26 5 8 13 Cymbella sp. 2 2 3 2 1 10 8 3 13 Cymatopleura solea 5 13 5 5 9 6 38 9 5 3 7 34 Diploneis sp. 2 1 3 Gyrosigma angusta+ 4 6 8 5 3 4 30 4 5 Gyrosigma truncata+ 2 4 2 13 Gyrosigma sp. 1 5 Licmophora abbreviata 5 4 23 5 5 Licmophora curvata+ 7 1 9 4 7 3 5 8

~

3 30 Licmophora sp. 8 2 7 19 Mastogloia sp. 9 4 9 3 27 Melosira italica 1 Melosira subcalsa 1 1 Navicula spp. 13 13 13 10 13 13 75 12 10 12 10 10 11 65 Navicula subsalina 8 8 Nitzschia acicularis 2

TABLE 8 (continued)

Bay Canals Total Total Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Nitzschia closterium 6 6 6 8 31 5 6 28 Nitzschia longa 4 8 3 1 24 2 9 Nitzschia seriata 1 1 Nitzschia sigmoidea 6 8 2 Pleurosigma gigantia 1 Pleurosigma sp. 4 1 4 16 2 3 2 2 10 Rhopalodia sp. 1 2 1 5 Skeletonema costatum 1 Striatella interrupta Striatella unipuncta 1 4 3 10 Synedra crystallina 5 8 2 8 6 35 2 Synedra longa 5 3 11 1 Synedra splendens+ 2 8 1 11 Synedra ulna 5 9 8 8 41 9 8 5 8 5 40 Synedra undulans 2 2 1 2 Synedra sp. 4 4 Surirella ovata 2 16 Surirella sp. 3 Tabellaria sp. 1 1 Tropidoneis lepidoptera 5 7 1 5 5 2 14 Tropidoneis minor+ 1 2 Thalassiosira sp. 7 Thalassiothrix sp. 5 5 Thalassionema nitschioidea 2 2 0 Unid. 13 13 13 8 9 12 68 7 8 4 3 4 8 34

TABLE 9 NUMBER OF DIATOM SPECIES AND OCCURRENCE PER MONTH AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Number of Species July 29 16 August 34 ll September 21 14 October 21 16 November 19 16 December 24 21 Number Occurrences July 104 72 August 204 52 September 104 56 October 77 64 November 103 62 December 96 91

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TABLE 10 OCCURRENCE OF COLORLESS CELLS AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Total Total Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Bodo sp. 1 3 13 Phanerobia pelophila 2 3 5 Colorless cells 13 10 13 11 9 80 12 10 10 3 4 12 58 Totals 26 10 15 14 9 12 12 10 10 3 4 12

TABLE ll OCCURRENCE OF CILIATE PROTOZOA AT TURKEY POINT Bay Canals Total Total Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp. Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sp.

Askenasia volvox 1 Codonella robusta 4 Cyclidinium (glaucoma?) 1 1 2 1 1 Didinium nasuta 1 1 Favella panamensis 1 2 2 1 9 Metacylis angulata +. 1 1 1 1 6 Metacylis lucasensis ~

1 1 Metacylis Jorgensi+ 7 3 3 1 15 Mesodinium pulex 1 ~

1 Mesodinium rubrum, 1 1 1 1 Strombidium strobilius 1 1 2 Strombidium sp. 9 6 8 23 Strobilidium sp. 6 3 8 2 21 Tintinnidium fluviatile 5 5 Tintinnus elegans 3 Tintinnus pinguis+ 1 Tintinnopsis beroidea 2 2 6 Tintinnopsis bornandi 4 3 7 Tintinnopsis prowazeki 2 3 Tintinnopsis rotunda 2 2 5 Tintinnopsis tocantensis+ 2 Tintinnopsis urniger+ 2 3

. Tintinnopsis sp. 1 Ciliata, unid. 7 6 7 3 28 1 2 Totals, No. species 6 11 9 13 6 9 0 2 0 2 Totals, No. occurrences 29 29 24 35 10 16 0 2 0 2

I. GRASSES AND MACROPHYTON GRASSES AND MACROPHYTON WITHIN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS P~ur oee In order to define the plant growth, an integral and contributory member of most estuarine ecosystems, the grasses and macrophyton are being reported. It is hoped that this will provide insight into the development of the cooling canals ecosystem.

Methods and Procedures Observations within the canals as well as detailed identifications and quantifications of the various kinds of algae have been made.

Discussions and Conclusions The Ru ia maritima that was found in the southwest canals has continued to grow but not as vigorously during the past six months as during the first half of 1975.

Since the growth of this grass may happen in other areas of the canals and since its growth is far more dense than that of any of the species normally found in the adjacent estuary, it is felt that this grass represents a potential hazard to the continued efficient operation of the system.

Several methods are being examined for their potential usefullness in controlling this gras's. The grass currently remains limited to the southwest sections of canals 24 through 32.

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Besides the substantial growths of the red and brown algae found along the rocky shoreline of the deep canals, there is a substantial growth of green algae on other solid substrates throughout the system. Its biomass is small only because there is only a limited amount of solid substrate available for it to grow on. Most of the substrate is silt and fine particualte sediment.

The northernmost sections of the canals east of theI old Card Sound canal continue to represent the most coverage is solid (500 to 2000/m 2 ). Although there is only to increase if the hypothesis put forward to explain the higher density of the grass in the old Grand Canal discharge area is correct. The green alga Cauler a as aloides has

,established three circular patches of growth in this same area. It is increasing the diameter of the patches and forms a generally luxuriant growth habit. There continue to be several other species common in the area. They were listed in the last semiannual report on page 135.

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J- RECOVERY OF DISCHARGE AREA Assessment of Recover in the Turke Point Plant Dischar e Area

~Pur ose This report is to assess revegetation of grasses and benthic macrophyton in areas affected by the Turkey Point Power Plant discharge. Effects and recovery prior to June,'975 are given in previous Semiannual Environmental Monitoring Reports.

Method 1 N

To measure the overall revegetation quantitatively, aerial photographs were taken from 2,000 feet. Using reference points in the photographs to determine the scale of the phot/ sizes of areas were measured by tracing specific areas onto a grid and determining their relative areas.

The tracing is included in this report.

Method 2 Qualitative and quantitative measurements of the algae were made by counting and identifying the vegetation in the six one meter square areas permanently located on the bottom.

Method 3 To identify and quantify the less abundant species not represented in the square meter areas, a survey was made by transects across the previously affected area. Species identifications, quantities present and general conditions were noted.

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Method l: Aerial Surve growth still obvious in the photos because of its lighter between 6 and 7% of the total previously affected area shown in the photograph.

The growth pattern in the picture appears more uniform than previously.

has not yet approached closer than approximately 300 feet east of the mouth of the now closed discharge canal.

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8'S

.. ~e y .

g I65

<pe oe Cy %l ch 8W c$ % qy @

@CD~ @ y %P e~ O

@i I'8S,A

@y y ~ @W ~ Q

~ @

@ g fP.

e-~ '

o gX-4 g,

8$ @@ .

<y P 8y SO~

8~

9'8~ '

e e '~@ 8 g

~ o @O.

Syringodium Dominated (Darkened Areas)

X<<2S X-2N 5

Grand Canal'Discharge December; 1975 Area

'-2 Affected Area: Revegetated I

X-1 Fiqure 1 Canal. Drop Qff Scale '=

1"=127)'rand I

Canal

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Method 2: S uare Meter Surve s.

The following table is data from square meter areas permanently staked out on the bottom. The counts and identifications were made in situ. The sample points Z-l, X-2,,X-3 and Z-4 are located approximately 100, 200, 400 and 600 feet east of the mouth of the canal respectively.

Station X-2N is approximately 200 feet NNE of X-2. X-2S is approximately 200, feet SSE of X-2. Data reproted as less than (g) or greater than (>) is based on extrapolation of counts of plants in 1/16 of a square meter. The counts on the grasses are counts of the fasicles (sheaths of leaves).

The counts of the ~Dict ota are of the number of distinct but unattached clumps of the alga. These numbers axe not volumetrically quantitative.'ABLE 1

GRAND CANAL DISCHARGE REVEGETATION GRASSES: Diplanthera wrightii 88 +1400)2000 )1600 1200 Thalassia testudinum 23 7 . 28 27 10 30G'HI 12 OROPHYT Acetabularia crenulata ,**

Avrainvillea nigricans 0 26 0 24 Batophora oerstedii 0 0 Caulerpa Mexicana Caulerpa verticillata 0 0 Halimeda species '40 12 14 2 Penicillus species 24 194 28 90 34 28 Udotea species PHAEOPHYTA Dictyota species 0 Sampling Date: December, 1975

• Present

• • Common

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Method 3: Transects 1

with a complete covering of sediment. Zt is presumed that the coating of sediment is a temporary situation. Being covered with silt, the plant would not receive as much light as when it was not coated. This would retard photosynthesis and could eventually kill the plant.

entireeastern area. This is a seasonal occurance which has been observed before. The Penicillus growth is as high as 300/m 2 Between X-2 and X-3 there is a steady decrease in the were seen here. This was the only place there was any.

I Usually there is much more than was found during this survey.

in the square meters reflects a decrease in the concentration but there was no readily obvious decrease.

On an east/west line running through sample point h I. f 'd~h growth.

The observations made on a similar east/west line running through X-2S showed the same general pattern with

/ 2 west of X-2S. Thalassia becomes more commom from east to west.

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Discussions and Conclusions The overall growth of the old affected discharge area Thalassia is increasing in not only the areas where it is found but also in the number of fasicles present. The number of Thalassia plants counted in the square meters has increased from the 67 counted in June,to 107 in December. Every lt sample point except X-2 showed an increase in the number present.

eastern stations. There was a decrease in the numbers found in X-4 and X-2N.

Halimeda and Penicillus counts have increased significantly since June.

There was less Laurencia present this winter than last.

Since this species is moved by current and waves, it may be that its absence was due to westerly winds.

growth, the area is similar to surrounding areas in terms of uniformity and species present. The ultimate expectation is that the concentrations of the species will resemble surrounding areas. No long term effects are anticipated with the single possible exception of the relatively high

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0 III.K Chlorine Usa e This report is being issued to comply with Florida Power 6 Light Company, Turkey Point Plant, Environmental "Technical Specifications, Appendix B, Section 2.3b; and Florida Power a Light Company, Turkey Point Plant, Environmental Procedure F-10, which requires the con-denser inlet 8 water boxes and,the intake wells to be inspected semi-annually in order to ascertain the minimum effective amount of chlorine usage necessary to achieve adequate control of condenser tube fouling.

The condenser and water boxes of Unit 3 were inspec-ted approximately October 30, 1975. Unit 4's condensers and water boxes were inspected January 13, 1976. The lateness of the inspection was due to Unit 4 being in continuous operation since the Revised Environmental Procedure"F-10 was initiated. Also, random inspections of the intake wells were made over the last six months period.

They were found to be: in a satisfactory state of cleanliness; therefore, not requiring chlorination at this time.

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IV. Records of Chan es in Surve Procedures None.

V. S ecial Environmental Studies not re uired b the ETS Section III.Z of this report analyzes data collected which were not required by the Environmental Technical Specifications.

VI. Violations of the Environmental Technical S ecifications .

None this period.

VII. Unusual Events, Changes to the Plant, Changes to the ETS, and Chan es to Permits or Certificates A NRC approved change to ETS Section 4.A.4.b was made.

This change was only a procedural change, in that fish samples can'ow be "collected by fish traps and gill nets, instead of seining and trawling.

VIII. S'tu'dies re'ired' 'the ETSo't 'included in this report None.

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