Text

FOIA/PA-2017-0581 - Resp 3 - Final, Agency Records Subject to the Request Are Enclosed. (15570-222-353)
	ML18029A063
Person / Time
Issue date:	01/17/2018
From:	; NRC/OCIO
To:	;
Shared Package
ML18029A053	List: ML18029A055; ML18029A058; ML18029A062; ML18029A063; ML18029A064; ML18029A065; ML18029A066; ML18029A067; ML18029A068; ML18029A069; ML18029A070; ML18029A071; ML18029A072; ML18029A073; ML18029A074; ML18029A075;
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	FOIA/PA-2017-0581
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N.

Ml:. Jenn.y Joha1uH!m

USNIC, Eli :31 Park A.venu.e Kini of Pr~s:ta11 Pennsylvan.i.a 19406

£ nclcJE A

,;;;,,e:., 1 ~ ! I< c;,.,., -f J

',It, -IAtl 2.. / I Z..,01 Final Report---~Oavid. W. 1.f:i.gh

SUMMARY

O'.f' unrot.. OGICAL SURVF.'Y OF' NL lNbOSTRlES NIAGARA FALLS PLAN'I n SPJUNG 1979 1*~*,*l"ll>f,O_.....,.,~-~-,..,,.,..._i~/fll*1"1-""'l!""""°!

..... >-*-..lt!ftlil*N'"'i~>",\\'.,.-~~-..'ls"'~~l,,.....,...,lH"'""'1\\'IC Enclosed is the above referenced repor't for your records.

Thank you.

JLJ t *.1 r fi.tu::lo8ure wt. 1nd.....,tnc.lOft.ce {;f General Counf,et Wyc~off Md!$, Road, H19hl$U)Wfl, NJ 08520 Tei 1609) 4432000 Ma1hng AddreH PO BoJli 4;ro. H1ghtst0wn, NJ 08h20

1*

~

OJ IADIOLOOICAL W'lVn or Ml. DIDUSTl1!1 IU.A.GAIA,w.s PLNrr

IPl.DIG 1979 by DAVID W. LllGB

1,.1,ST.qF FliYBU

!Kt

1.

Jl'L tnduatrie* Ntaaara Falla Site 4rawuge 3

2.

Location of *oil saple aitea 7

3.

Location of water aaaple site~

10

4.

Location of air...,1. 11tea 12

5.

Locatiffl'l of radiation aeaaurt111ent aitea 15 l:,I ST or 'IMJdiS

1.

Suaqry of Jlefere,u:e Criteria Lints for Acceptable Jtadiation Level* and Concentrations in Soil, Water 4

arul Air for Uncontrolled Ar***

2.

CompalilOI\\ Table of Strtctest Criteria Lim.ts for Acceptable bd!.ation Levels and Concentration, in 6

Soil. Water and Air for Jleleaee to General Public and Wor1t Cue, Found in Survey, of ML ladu1trtee Site J.

Coru::entraticm1 of Uran.ta, Thon um and lad:l 1.11 1n Soil Suples 8

4.

C01lcutration1 of Uranium, Tbort um and la.U,ua in Groundwater S.-plea ll

5.

Jteaults of Air Saple Analyai* for ladon Goft\\Cen*

tration ln Air SA.

Along Site Periaeter 13 SB

Onaite Location&

14 6

Ambient &adlat10ft Meaeuraaent*

6A.

Alon& lite Pertaetar 17

61.

Onatte Locau.ou 18 iU.

r,,

2.

4.

5.

Inu:oduction 2.l Site De:script1on and lliatory

2. 2 b1U.olo11cal ll.eluse Criteria 1

2 2

2 5

3. l Purpo*e of Surveys 5

3.2 Soil Samples... 'Methods. and Results 5

3.3 Water* Saflll)les.... Methods and lesults 9

3.4 Air Suaples ""' Methods md latulta 9

3.5 aadiation Maasuraments

Methods and ~esults 9

19 Conclusion 20 lleference&

u.

A.

Survey Protocol

c.

tn1trument Calibration C.I.

Eberline Portable Micro*R Meter PBM-7 c.11.

PIS*l/AC-3*8 Alpha Scintillation Probe D.t.

D.II.

D.IU

uaed tr. CCffijunction wt.th Staplex Righ Volume Air Sampler Soil Samples Water SA111Ple1 Air Samples and Jt.adiat1on Level Jifaaaurements tv

ID.., 1179

c-,1et.* Nd.lole&ical eu.n.y ** c*duet*4 of the IIL bduatra,. Inc. lla,ar* Fall** lew ton -.ufactuttn1,,,.. lhe

-.uf*ctun.q,..

,.,... _. btacb Mml* centalfttq utura11y occ,urnaa raM.Net!Ye *teri.&1* for t*t. protucU.oe of ni-e **rtb ¢bnf..caJ.1. a.41....

ad.oo *uf'!V'l',1 *re perfo-.d t;bt'qhovt the *lte to 4eteflllu tho level*

of nt1"*1 conta£nattea of the. etc. fna thea natvr*l r*dtoal.lCli., *

...,1** of *it, aro--.ter ** aot1 *re talc.en**...iyud to atel!lltne coau::etrat1oat ef t*** raclloacttve *tertala in tbe *YltCffllllat. Sur...

w,e of *t**t r-lldi*tioa leftl* were al,o Mde at the *f.te ptn.Mtar and at k*Y -ufac:tun.na polnt* cm cho atte.

Cuttnt lnfo111atta *** pthered COllceniaa **tabU.ahed racU.ation eel concntraU.ota U.llit* for *terta1* alloved to N releaNd to the public. The ertt*rt* an DMd ~o *Yalwat.a th* racU.elogtca1 profile of the 1tte ancl,to detend.11* lf addltional *\\lrfffa are raquited. le1ult1 of tht* c-,artaon tndicate that con,centratlon* of rad:loa¢U.ve uteriale ln air, groundwater ad aotl are wll wtthi.a the *tn.ctest al.... en*

terf.a. bdtation *urvaya along the ait* pert.Mter ad. on the att* area are 1n the rqe of aoaal l>ackg'tOUl'l4.

One ***urnent 1na1cle tht 118nu-f aeturtn1 warthovP whtc:h ta u"d to *tore all product *ten.ala only

U.. 1htly eac**d* the 1trlcte1t ref er.nee crt.twrta.

1

2.1 TM IL 1tuluatn** site conatat* of approxiute.ly 21 ecre1 front*

int cm Hyde Park loulevat:d ad l)'l.nl wholly within the town of li.agara fall** Hew Ion.. (See Pipre l. )

11:lghtly 1*** than one half of the

tte t* u.proved with unvfacturiJt.1, warahouai.g *n(I transportation f*ei*

The western. improved Httion 11 relaU.vely flat* and the 1:l.te in 1eneral 1lope1 from the southaaat com.r to the north and west at the rate of approxiutely one foot per 100 feet. Surface vac*r drain* in a northerly directiM'I into Bloody lun Creek.

The creek flow, eut to ve*t alonl§ the northern boundary and tuna north at about llid-,otnt of the property line. The ground is re,latively level l>edroek covered w1 th clays and about one aand one-half fe<ll!t of loam.

The NL Induatrte1 Niagara Falls ette waa uMd for the anufacture of rare earth chellicals del'ived from varioua beach und cmaponents.

These sands which are uMd in the rare earth proce** contain natural radioactivity. The naturally occurring radioactive material* in these aands are thori\\1111 (Th) and urant\\JID (U) and their r&d1oact1ve decay pt"o-ducta, or daughter*, tnclwU.ng radium (Ila) and it* daughter, radon (ln),

the only decay product present** a gas.

2.2 Because of the preaence of beach sand, and waste 1and1 at rare earth processing faciliU.es, attention has recently been focused cm the environmental radiological impact of this lnduatry. In aeee1e1111 these typea of aitea varioue 1tandard1 and rule* have been used to formulate release criteria. These CTiterla are generally accepted.. aufftc1ent requirement* for the release of material* and the decontrol of areaa, and for the protection of 1llan and the envtronaent from unnecesaary radi*

au.on. Appropriate crite.ria for the *s*****nt of the NL Induatt1e1 Niagara *ite have been derived from the t."eferencea and are tabulated in Table 1 for cor.centraU.on of radioac:tlvU:y in aoil, ai.r and grouru:lwater euplea and ambient radiation level,,

1 0

i i

', f,I' t

TAAE. 1 SUINlff' OP RIF!RDt..

CRtfttttA LlftlTS l'Ott AClSP'l'AIU bDlATtOR L£VELS Mm CO 'CDTIATIOHS 111 SOIL. WATER AND At*

'FOR tJllfCORTROLLED AHAS lefe,roc*

lef.* 2. la&. K al

'Oi'epn DIQ Soll.

iPA 1lqtcm ti 5,Ct/g Th-232 5 pCt/g Jla'!..226 lef. 3,. 12lffCDl8

Df.,. ws 1'uk 2 10Cft40.4

.OS% by wight source *teri al (SOOO,ct/g Th-212)

<,refet't'ef.l cl'lterta)lSO,Cl/a U-218

DOT ** US Al"lly 2800 y;Ct / g tHlKtrr:e 111atert al

- - 1, Ca.Na Cran4 hnct:ton Co.

(US hqeon General) 2000 pCt/1 U-218

\\

Watet' 10 pCt/1 Ra-226 2000 pCt/1 Th(uturat)1 7000 pCl/1 Th-228 2000 pCt/1 Th-230 l 2000 pCt/1 Th-2lf l JO pCi(l Ra-226 l

2 x 10 pCt/1 U(natural}

Air

.OJ Worldq lA!!-.el (Wt.) radon 3000 pC1/a3 tm-222

.02 wt'"

.Ol VL ladtattoa tewl

.051 al/l<<'

.. os1 'IIR/ht' for unlitdted.....,re

.25 11R/ltr for 40 hout'/veelt exposure

.OS lilillltl'r t ftlloore

.. I MR/hi" eutdott-r1t

.05 fllll./hr 1 tn 90Jut,te f&l'lllt..

Lbdta for tnsoluhle fona of these nucltdes are the 8Mllle or higher tfwm tM ltwtt*

for the Nluftle fora.

A *riaty ef nd:J.atton at.llWIJI ad n'rironamtal...,ie, wn take throuahout thl a1te to u1ure th~:. any *vU."Ol'lllllfttal contaaination fnMI the *t*rtale veecl or etond

the flte wu.14 IMI *t*cted.

The th't'H pri.lur, pathwa7s for radtoacttve *tertal* in.to the e11-

-.trom111nt are alr. watet Mell Ntl; th**refon. **lu.1 procedure* included all of tbsN. to addition. llllllblnt radiation 1-wla wre 4etermae4.

All...,1., tak*n wn..

1,aed for the approprtat:e 1110tepe1 of uranta, thor1.a and radl* la eoil. 884 for radon u -1r.

Oa1tte N11Pli.a1 1oea*

tion1 were Nlected to **t lt.kely ttpreHDt *<<arce* of eonuaa.natecl water, *otl and ur.

lack.&Tound 1aple1 ar.d ***\\Ir-at*, vldtb wn tdentU:al to actual a-,lea but without tM aource of cOfttaad.netton, wr* taken for-at and

.-oll.-,1e, Md rediatum level* to 4etel'lline natural envir0b1let1tal 1*-

wle of r-a4iat1or,..

By cnpartna NMPl** With b*ugroun4a

aon accvrate aalie1-nt of actual cont-.nation froa other aource* en be****

The IUIIPl** were taken ud analysed to coafon. to the nleaae criteria ** eatabli*hed in the reference,. A c-.at'iaon of the vor,t ca*** found and the *tr1et,eet criteria 11.atts ia tabulated fot u1y reference 1n t*bl* 2.

3.2 To obtain aotl uaples

bfackhoe was \\IMd to uke excavaticm,1 ln eight 1.ocat:lona on the vaate cl1apoul area.

Ff.gun 2 tU.uatrate, the u*

cavation locattcma. Hole* wre ctua to

depth *U.ghtJ,iy.,t,elov vl*tble aroundwater, to the limit of the reach of the hoti, or until the -.chine encountered bedrock vhich 1t could. *ot penetrate. The excavation, were vtaually checked for etratification and saapl** of **ch t,,. of aotl wr* taken tn hole, where d:letlnct layers wn evident. A total of four*

teen *oil tanaples were collected fr* the elght holes and wTe tipU.t and analynd 1>>7 two independent la\\toratotiea. Table 3 *howl the naulta of the eoil eampl* analyses for each of the...,1.,. llol* nuabel' S 1* con*

tdered a npreeentaU.ve backgrouad uaple. ** toll condtttone in4tcated that the ground in thia area had not been 1Haturbed ** pn1lalnaty radi*

U.on aurveya of this excavaU.oa wier* of aol'IMl1 background 1... 1 **

la*ults of 1otl aample.-1,ees lmltc:et:e that ul'aat** thorl*

and ratU..ua concentr*tlona prennt ll.t\\ the,aoll are wry low aacl wll wt.thin U.*tt* of the etrtcteat crttert*.

5

t TMI.I 2 O'JMPMttstJII fAm.t;_

1 of Strieteet ctt~*rl* :lta:tts for *~f'Ptable r3dtat.Oft lewl* an-4* ~onrentratt-. ta sett, wt*f' ad ett" fn ftle... to p!i'ftehl pul,Hf:' and VM'!lft caws f PHl'kf ht llffl1'#'f~ of **~ lfflltustrtf!S stte.

1. son.SMtna Iola 3. M,)

Bole IIJ)

Role 21)

Role 2*)

Roles 2a) _. It)

Role 2 hle 2 Role 6 ltote Z

.... 2

,. *n...,..

0a *It*. locetl* I (vaT~.e) ltte,...._ter

,. *un*. Utftl.S

0. **** leeatton I {watt.... )

Stte P.na.t.H. location 11 MJR5T CA5£S t.o + 0.1,ct/1 a.-221 I. I + 0.. 9 pCl/1 T'h-211 2.2 + 2.0,Ct./g Th-2ltl 1.2 + 1.. 2 pCt/1 fh-2)2 5 !. 5,Ci/,-

u 2.0 pc:111 a.a-226 1.6 + 1.0,CJ /1 111-ZZI

.., i 0.. 6,,Cl/1 fft-210 0.1 i 9,.6,Cl/I Ttt-212 20.. - _,, U 110 + HJ,Ct/al b-222

.. 0013 +.M'let wt. h-222

- flit/hr

.82.a/hi' sn1c,u1 CJttaJA 5,Ct/1 la-1!1 S,Ct/1 Th-2JZ 150pCt/g V(ttatural) lO,Ct/1 lta-226 1088,Cl/ l n-221 2800,cl/ 1 flt-210 20IM,Cl/1 flt-211 2818,Ct/I 8fnateral)

(6tJ89 lt(l/t)l JlMIO.,c11.1 b-222

.. 01 tA.

.M.a./ttr

.05.a/hr IIPIBlitl (2)

(2)

(4)

('))

())

(f)

()t (l)

()}

'(4)

(4)

(4) 1 moo,Cl/1 U(nftvl'td) ~Oll'VltrtN to Nil try ttN of a,tttal cu~te unit. wldch le 9lle4 ~* nl<<e actf.tty of unnf* tn..-.nt:brt1111 with tts fl,auttftt@rs RINI ta utunl ceftetmtrationa of fsoto,e* to.....

.---------~--* n

4

~

hca'ftt:tmt Role..., *..

1 2

3

,<l) s 7

a 1MUt j dllfCDIRATtOMS OF UIWfnM, TROatffllf AM MDnM III SOIL S#l'l.lS(lJ Saiiple laa:b*-226 Thot'i--228 1'hort--2lB

'l'horl--Z:U ldntl f teat.ion e§t/1. -

gt/&

f!:t/1 1'(;1/&,

a) l foot level o.s + o.tn 0.6 :!: o.s 0.. 4 :!: 0.4 0.5 !: o.s b) 8 foot: level 0.2 + 0.01 O.. l :!. O.l O.l + 0.. 2 G.. J f O.l a) tap O.l + 0.04 0.. 8 :!: 0.. 7 2 + 2 l + 1 I,).bot tO'lt O.. J + O.ffl o.~ + o.. 5 0.. 1 I 0.. 1 o., !. o.s Slfllle.-.ie 1.. 0 + 0.. 1 0.6 ! o.,

1 + 1 o., + o.,

(Bac:l:groWIII) 0.4 + 0.01 o., ! 0.. 5, 0.. 4 :!: B.. 4 8.4 + 0.4 a) lltlack sotl 0.7 ! 0-.02 8.5 :!_ &.. 5 0.5 +...,

e.. s + o.s lt) ~

sotl 1.. n + n... 1 1.1 + e.,

0.9 + t).7 1.. 0 +....

c) *red soil o.s ! 0.01 O.l + O.J 0.1+9.. 2 0.1 + 0.2 o.a + o.s o.1'io.. 2 9.1 + 0.. 1 ti) ta sotl

&.l +/- O.M Siftgle 9Mlllple 0.8 ! 0.81 0.1 + &. l 8.4 ! O.l 8.. 1 + 8.3

> black 90:11 1.0 + 0.1 8.5 + tt.4 0.5 + 0.4 a.,+ e.1 f>) battoa B.. "4 + 0.. 01 0.. 6 !. 0.6 0.. 6 + 0.,6 ff.2 + 8.. 2 0.1.... -0.*0l

~) b~ *ll 8.. 2 :t tl.. 2 8.2 + 9.. 2 8.2 + 0.. 1 n..,... tflc ala-.. '**fe*'*~r'"*

I+.I 2 + I s +'

'! 5, 1 + I 1 + l t + l

- - i ***

l + 2 2: + 2 2 + 2 1 * :t -

(l).IH'oi' ten. gtftft for each Nllllple an the 9'5% <".vnft~e thtit (20) for tltat Maaur--.t..

{J) IJaa AG* ant, fot" t.ah l. Lab I..,.1,-.ta was,et'fo1111ed at a l~t of Mm&itfvtt:y: ~

tw.

....-* the c*centratfcmtt presem:..

(l) t11o wail 9a111ple an:a1y*ed fl"lM llol~ 14..

1.

IIIMDIJ.811Jll <C.tt....s>

a. :1

!lt,11,.,-11,.

lf.&l)o!* et* ltlt1;t*

fll"Olldwt*r...,le* ** o\\tttlMd fr* teet wU.1 vh1c:h wn tug

the atpt Ud'f'att.a *lt1tt With* l'otary dn.11. These 1ocatt.ons are aow.in fttun J. Cr....,.ter alorc the aortllen *tde of the property t.d *,...-c odor** otly ehaT'acter whd.ch-, indicate tncuraton of et.111.ul.* fr* the dj.cnt laa4ft11. ait tbne locad.,11ft1 rock ws **

00\\lftt.*nd Nfon aroundwter ** foad. Water HIIIP1** wen analyMct by ta tnap*nnt 1al:aoraton** for urant*, thor1.ua and rdtu&..

le1ult1 of wter...,i...

1,.., are pn._t*d Mt Tab1e 4. All cortctmtt'atiou are vtthtn c.te rap of acca.,ted cl'iterta and an ta *.,. ea** lus than l/1000 ef the nco1111ndu rel.... i.v.1.

Air....,1e1 wn taken at* variety of loc.att0l'l1 thro"'8hout the a1te to --,i. for raclon IU* A total of 16.._1.e, were taken all aloq tlle *lc:. t,o.,.ury *,t approd*t*17 )00' intal"\\tals, ** et.1ht add1*

tional *NtrPl** wen talta at key *nufacturtna 1tte1 taalcle b\\Jllcliaa* ln the,.,irow4 M.Ction. he Fi.cute 4 fer.tr...,u.ne 1ocaU.***

A back*

1nun4 M11Pl* vu takn ln

reaote ana apprniute1y one mile nonheaat of tM WL t11du*trt** 1ocatta..

Ml' *..,1 **,,..,. ta* t,7 potlt1on1na

Staples hi&b vol..., atr N11Pl*r *

tripocl to a,:proa.*t*

b*reathtnl a:oa*,_,1.. Ur **1**

wre co*ted for alpha,pattici. acttvtty.. **crlbed tn Appen4ia ** and l'aflcm coacentratl.cm tn atr ** cleteNlae.d aec:.orcU.na to Appeadt.x c. 11.

le1ult* of ai.r...,1.e aul:,*** an l1ated 1n Tabla* SA ad SB,,

lea1o1lt1 an tat>ulatecl both ln Ltnit1 of rtMli.oectlV1t7 per unit voluae (ptcoci1al1.e1 per cubic *ter) and vorkinl levttl* (VL) *o that c-,ar11on w.lth reference crlterta ta a.ore atralthtforvard. Mr H11Pll* 1,uu.cate tttat all airborne co1u:e11tr*tton1 of l'ad<<m, aa* are well wlthia recamended crttet'ie for both on*1t* and perl*t*r *urwJ**

Mea1ure*nt, of *t.teat radiation level* wen taken at Neb lot;a*

tlcm whe:r* alr *a,11n1 ** perforMd.

(See P11ure S.) lladf..atle fUI""'"

r* ** taken w1th

Plll*J lli~ro-1 *t*r held *t approxlaat*lr wu*t le'Vtl. lune)' prottM!ol1 are cleacr,tbed 1ft Appendta A and tnetnaent *P*ct-fte*tS.on1 *4 c*lculatlon* ate de1crtMd tn Appendix I utl Cl re*pecU.vely.

The *bacqrcn*d ***vre*nt w* taken ofl'att, at the eaa re110t.e *te* u the alr **.,,. bac,kar****

t

.. -.. ~

~

I 1r

Di I '.

l I

'I l I.

'\\

I I ! :.

J

!

1 I l : '

1 f~

a:

E L -*

lff_.att*

hl* *"'*

1 2,

4(2)

(2) s 6

1

.(2)

TMLI 4 dJRCDIMflORS M UMllnM. tMJRnM AM MDtffll tM GIDffllltJlifATD Mtf't.lS(l) ft. Below

$.irfaee~

6 l

10 5.8 1act1.... 22, pft/1

\\

n.6 2.. 0 n.;

1.0 0.. 6 Thot't.... 22, pCl/1 0.5 + 0.. 8 1.. 6,:!: 1.. 9 0.. 6 0.6 0.. 6 + 0.. 4

'hlet'l--238

,!;1/1 O.l !_ O.S 0.5 + 0.. 9 0.. 6 0.6 + 0.6 0.. 6 Thut't... 212 i?(;t/\\_,

0.. 6 0.. 1 !: 4')... 6 o.* + o.. 4 o..,

ttUDl'-ttle Vf'alUllt a/lM 20 s

I (1) lttet" te~ gi'ftft for eaeh --.ie att the 95% cmtfidence llait (2d) for t.hat *~t.

(2) Ct-o*d*ttt ftOt enc:ountered at thts lecatton.

I l,,

.... t I

t I f !

' i i it..

\\*

I;

I

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, I. '

(,12._

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1 i f:

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1,,,'.

12 t

w

't'lJI.E)A Mln,.TS OF AD *SAlltPLE A'MLYSIS POil._. OONCD'fMflOR tR.Attt ALOIIIC Stft PSllllffllt t

!!!Ple ~ton lla:4on.tonc:.entratbm tn Mr

,c11-.1 Vorlt:a1 Level (Wl.lt~J 1 If! Comer LS

.e. 5 X 10-~

2

,l. 5

-5 L) X 19

)

L5

-5 LS X lff 4

,s

-5

.ir:5 X 10

5.

.C:5

~ 5 x u,*5 6

L5

..c.5 X Ul-S 1

tlW Co-rne't

.£..5

-5

.£5 x 10 8

.t.S

--5 4!'.5 X }1) 9 SW Comet'

.t..5

--s

,5 :a 10 10 LS

-s

,5 :a 18 11

..c,5

-5

~5 :a 10 12

£5

<.. 5, X l(t-5 13

<5

-5

< 5 X 10 14

.r...5

-s c:..5 x 10 15 s\\ Comer

..c5

<..5,c: 10 -5 16

'-5

<' x 10-S (l) Wontq l.e'wtel (NL);

Any coabinaU.OR of short-lived radffll-222 tlaugttten (pol,onb*-218. 1...... 11:*.

btSllUtn-214 amt poloni_...214) tn OR4!! lite1' oJ air. without r*aTd to the degree of ~lUttta.

that vl:11 result in the eatss:hm o,.f l. 3 x 10 fife\\' of alpha parttele energy.,

~

,~

i TMR.& SB IIIULfl Of A,tllt SMPI.£ MIIM.tS1$ fl1ll ltAMJR cowcmMnatS HI AU At' atatft UM:'.AftMl(l)

S.*Je\\,[Locatl* *, ** Deec;rgt:ien 1 Wne..,_e llallilp 2 1u1.1atne tl4 "

1 1u:11t11na 1:n 4

Wanhouse S

lhd 1tdbt& 14 '.l 6 lutltling 121 7 Butldtn1 115 I

W.ttl'rouae 19!!D ~ eat-*t.a ii* Alt'

.,C:..;,-*.*

.. **.* "~I*****-'**:. (t)

-,gJ:tiJ

i. d.lg_~l -O!W "'"

~ !. 20 19 !. &

14 + 5 80 + 20 t't + 6 28 + 9 tl + 5 130 + 10

.. M'J05 !.. Ol'IJf

.90019+ *-

.9t1D14 !......,

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1_._Z14,. M..

h-214 anti poloat_...214) I* *one litet' *f air,. without tea*H t* tlte.....

PM of eq,d.Ittertw. that will ra11lc: la tlle ftllmdon of l. l

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tC.tl!Ml... tih;I.Ml ___,. lt **t Wtanll 'l,J ftqltf OOllt.td.- lll

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-tt-a 0..t-mmt* UI 'ttll tavl.J'.ilUit.-*

1. ** Je.-tt***._ l***Y hpara.at of llwtr9'*11ttal Prot*c:tt***

hull v. **411.ot** *~t.,...,. fecl1tt,. ClltA, Joyo* Pe1'11a

- ***1 A. RdctlM. Wtati* traMh, *Vllb lqta u:. *"Lew

,.._, WlMCdft._,. l't'a laN Netal* fl'NeNf.a& feclU.tMtl'",

_. nf*,..** t:'-**ia..

4. W.14* S,rtnt* t* l, Jun* 19, 1971, '*Datot\\t..

MtiOI Cirttert*

for Wtld* &pd.in& a.td.c:al. Pl*t" ** r*f*r*c*** thenta..

5. hlt** lt*t** lucleat a.1ulator, eo.taalcm 10Cft20, "S,t..,.n*

for P,ot*eU.* Al*'8*t Wiatt.cm"..

AffP'IUX I.

smtvtt Ptorocot

1. t'heek high voltage.

r:-adi*tto11 ey,111>,,1 of 410,u'tce ln contact with tatter,tdjutJt: ac.r:ew; uter should read 165 lJl h ""1*

PIS... l/Ac.. 3... 9 A}Ph* Sctntf.llad.oa Probe in Cottjunt:tJLon with lftgh I

,a,. tv-n 'NlM:t wl~c-:ll t.* *

,not1 "'*lt,at*,,f ~ tltl tali~att._ tk*<<,t,act*t'Y :L* Ntl*f'Kt&ry.

ft~ e**tact with *c::tattll*toJ',~., tr***,reat ntton, m t\\Ot.e count of *** 71! cof#M:1 la *O.S *l*1,te1.

c. Take 5 11lnute bact1rounll count W$th nl,ect *lteb wt *t, 5 *t;ftute co:.mt iot*rv*l. S@tir1ct th:t,s t:,Olfflt h** filter J.

Fer eech -,U.q location. pl.ace

cl*** U.,lt1H" t..11 t:M f11tel' bolder.atul tab,a 5 *t*t* att eall1)1e with the htth vo.1-.

,1.,: ttot,na tlte,,-,11111 f lw rate r t* ft JI*'**

,

Place 'tM alpbe aciaUJlattM Jl"OM 1n d(1;ect coatact with t._ *PP<<'Gad.*t* c*t*r of the fU.ter...,,1* ~

,ft.,a.,1,a,c,OW!lttng :the fUt,ff --,te by,res*l*'I the :t*M,t ntti1m

t 2 atOU't** pot JM..a of._1,111.

1

Record the 1roas Nmpl.e c.owt obtaS.rMld ea a11Jlttraet the S mh1.ute ha<:kgroufU'I r.:oi,int t<1 obtain the net alpha,count* t (l i

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IPICfftCAffONI Mf"f'Ml;..... wfft\\ 8Afftt¥ OK timik- _.. m'0-15. 0,ffl ~

llht tm.f 1 *hip wttfll(t-*.

Mt}r£1 LAW. Mt* llMp Pf...

wfth ON*Off <<-ftdt.

lANOf: httlll 19ntretted 2!. JO, MO w ~

ffl'ifN l/m.

UN£*Rrn'

Wtthift t~f.'df fult te* (df t"*1) ~

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...,..,......, 1 t,Mf,-t coMfd from......... t JO ~-!I ft, 2

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INA<<ftt

2 fflCh d'iafflem m*ttMB>- ~tcd. ON.t:>FF **ttett,.-~,

VOL:tMlt: COEFPIC'f.f,Wf 'Met,, NM.Im,-.._, n thu 21> with t,atttry vott* t,om 2.! ti) l.1 qt"*

fMO.. *

tlPUfft fOBt. £Ad w~nw. S.,t I ~,t.._. Mlfflflti t <<t..-tfl.

OPE:aAflNG VDtfAGf. ~.U, bftwlffl +iCMh* +1280 wotts.

,Mf.kNOM VOLf,AG! +iHO fflln.

OJftRINt 1)1,AJN. ~*--* t tt.....,,.._.-.....,iffi't, 10 mk~,, 1 ioo **fllts, CIVSfA:l MtkTJ).J fflCh I I ffl!\\lh.

&..ow VGLf Mll.... IUl'f\\:l' 8AffltU£S* Two *1)"' **.Ut*Mtd by mttfMI Ollf)tM httftft.

VOL t:M:;.f: ttlOUQla.tfWt l.6 fflMmtum to 1.t ***

1'0tts.,., mt.

UFF. V1rt1Mt, *""" tm een,,... *. ttmp,-.'*""* *

¥Oft* ltttffll,,*t.,.,._. Ifft with new Clftt It ftk'ffi ~fflfltt*tUff Wffh fflt!f(!'.r._, nff * (:ii..

tffl('. ffldt,l, 1.2~ hfflm,..... Cftl$. 2?'-0 ho.-H, tflGtf "*TiOI I\\IIN.:V R4~f

V1tWAt t,y,,_ ffllt!fflltl cnfttffll f,- teu "*' SIOV te mnre,,- *I 200V ffltfAt;f,: f)fi":;Nt,PNN

l.

Vffltl# *Ii...

N tftafl 1:~w:ith haU~ty wtiftF-fmm !.! tn ~.. I *YfflU P,YIR9NM!NtAl, IPU.StftOOf': U. ftf 0-riff& NI*~*

T~IAruk!: ftrt iMtntmfflt a o,mUOMI f-t*tl*F t,o+S40°f (*l1°C to 60 111tl Tht 1-tter,* tn,t

_.........._.*._..,,.t,___....._. m~.votttp..-**nd m1fflttl,....... *~

..... forpt-.N9P'**** ttm,trat1tN11.1.,_als*,... *.-.

iMIOIANIC,Al

eNSIONI ;\\ppff<<.... )'...... *R.. L

111** M Ht*** 20

l*,Jt

Ml tncludif$.....,,

Wt!tntft Appffll;imttdJ *-* ttw. (!.I <<et~~°" :tlftthltte'*.

'!f Portable Micro **A Meter

.... ~..

I OIStONID FOR FIELD MONITORING RUGGED IPI.Ai...... OOF IUU. T *IN IH:Altlfl UGHTtD METf.fl Oi&Pl.AVI "tGtl VOL TAC£ eberline

RASCAL*

Model PR8*1 *nd PRl-2 OINEtlAL DtlCfHPrtDN flit tAICAL*Ml-1 ts I COfflfllCl,wtM.ltflll difl*Y iflttrumetu wffti..._... q-,ur or tnlet

,...... 1'llt IMlflfflMfflt ii.................,omwfth ltt own.... --*Pffll'I' -,ply. lttdu*d In................... Mlh ~

,..,.,,.,..... am,tiftet.........,,..,., het;tt

...... dt-* -.,111 a,tta&..,.a,,cr,..a-c*tl'OIW UfM..._, *~*..._. ~- fvneti*,

INU.t*.,..... a, lllf-cMt.._ red¥.... Ntlefy Pl*. Ml dN:dt me solid lltte Mth **lffilfff of CMOS inteplted cirouits for*,-. cottlU1ftP*""

to..,._. ftlilt.rilty.

TM MCIOI Plt&.2 iMtrumetn a ""'u,' tu <<ht PRS,t, H-,C it tit11ff not.haft the.,._ heap11n.lyt$

a,tbiity.

loth lnttfllMNt11m..

ed to ht used ***'1 mnst dctt-<:1m~. n*C'fliM 1tttttilbfitm, C,e1Jt.t-Muetler, m pto,ot'ttonll......

loth.ffll1rUfflefttt ht'¥I'

dW11I rudout of tflt internet hW, volt* pnwtet -,,ly SPECIFICATIONS HIGH VOLT AC£: lepitted, tdjulttble by I rm,11,,-1 cotttrc,I '" tppJol.iffltttly I SOOV tnd

supply 1 100 mel,('Jhm lold. A volt *~r politkm Ofl tht ttftlt fWitdl prcmdft I itpal iftdkt:tioft of tht volc11t.

The tupply {EiC Model P,201 A) 111,tu,411 moduh f m..., of mutteftln<<.

COUNT RA TE ME.ftl. Trw.di&ital c.,.,Uliffl cin-:uttry is vwrd to pr~e *--. of count rate mfonnatKm iff counts pe, mmutir. A f,0ttt,a,,tl twitth seJects

pNttt *umhe, of' eou.-11, U). t80, 1000 or 10.000 for comrutattnn Tht ltut numhtt of foutttt Bcted P,O¥idft dtt fntnt **11 lftd the 1reat*

est nUl1ll,er nf couMs 1tltcte4 prondn tht mort Kturltt...,~, Tht cnm,-.nt WM ii flied 1: J tecnndi SC Alf.It Six *Clda of diflittl iftfffl'fflMiM wilti fixed thMd,.,kms of O.5, I, 2 lfld 5 ffliffvtfll plus manual 1nd Shlf' The ditptay may tftdtutt t-td'I mcr"tMtU nf c::oo,u n, the dwplay may be vt,d1Wd 11 the efld nf tht count pedod 11 selffted by an t,u~m*l *icch. A front.paMI eo.trol ii ~

for a v,nablt

,eat tltf of &f'f'J('IJl:ifflltdy I,n IO 1ttQftdfl m lhf tMtrof may v twitdttd ofl CA.LIBRA TION FUNCTION Tht calibfattoft function pto'ridet t metm of tOllftrtifll the ~t ratt informattoft, in counu ptt mmutt, tC'l 1 *ork*nJ lnfl mfmmttion, such 11 *R/lu, OJ to conect for,rabt effidency. A rt1t mutcipbtr board with setect1blt mvltiplitatkm from 9.'9 to O.0 I

pr~ 11 1 1t1t1dtrd ttem with tht h11trumttU. A rttt divtdt1 hOlft wtth *ltctlt>lt ~

from 00.1 to 99.9 a t*lilablt aafl optkm. All cOfttrols f Of the ctlibt1tron f He t inn lrt tnlt'mal.

DISPLA V: A liqJJtd crystal ddplly ii "8d far low,C,Wfl c~ptioP and contfflUOUI dilPlty of dat1. fht cmplty *fm sta ***n. ttmt klCnd* and tjht.tt decimal ~nu, 'fm k!Fnd,. *(?M... ~**. *"fflft/hf . m

.. _.tftUiClh, ** rtus tilt thrtt tl"imilf P.'"'*' *rt ~t',I for tl..._y h.y mte-,NI _.,,ehes. TM nn,amm,

._nd,, "C'nu1u", ('"nmpo,**. 1ftd...... o<<" If(' CMtt,nlk-d hy tht-ewcult tnJk c,f flit iMtf'\\ffllfflt. A tipt,c.Oftttolled by t 1)ffle1.;fflfflfflltd push buttM,wnch, ia pfMWed for MfUMPt '* ffl to., _.., lipt.

AMPUflf.tt Charp *ttsrtt.t type-a,pr~tmn**et, 2, ur... tn 2 " ur' 1 eoulombt (.,.,_imttely ~**

leflt to. ftnm J milliYolt 10 10 l\\1ilh*otr, M Wtlltft ttnliow tnpu~ l Tm- -,ltt1e, *bfllfd (EK" P-AI) in f*I-.

in module for ttlt of m*tentMt.

CNtiftuet on follo--, Nt

THRESHOU> Pas. t Adiuttlttk' h~

tn-tum f,Mt fllnt'I control fom Oto t D Yott. PRS-2: Adjustat,,lt' t,y I Nngk-turn. k"l'Cwdnvrr *cJtulH. ( mnt ptftf'I Cf'.fflttol from O to I t) vot,.

WINOO_. (PR!i, t ONtV) 4tfluttthlt hy a tO*hH'ri front,tnel control fmm Oto t ll "'Olt, 1tw1ys eonsttfl1

b*:,w thf'f!fflffk!. ~ '1'liA.(~R0SS" S'llttth pr<Wtdeg ctma eowntmf by diltbliftl. the wmdow.

TIME 9ASf On,tz crystal con tu.tied fot tn am::uracy of,,e1te1 than.0 I~ ow, wide temperaturt and bat, Mry cOMit~i. tht tun<' tlnt pt<mdft tH tmnng ~rJtb for tht coum 11te mett, tttd sctlt>r f unctio,u of tht' itmrumcmt.

Of.TfCToa ('ONNiCTOR E.hf,hm tyl'f CJ-I,w1ttrtmmf cnnn,c:tnr mettl'i wm, Cf>.y.

POWER ftecl\\1r,nlfk C'.t<l.f',.-haUtt)' pn.1vidtt tN')JOl!.im:.1uety 1-. houn of conttnuou, operttkm tietwtrn ehar1ing il,fl opftONI hatter) pact. is 1va1lahlt for On N1.(,'.d rtchargnble 't>" sizt b1nerie1t m ftve "0-.

mt n-Jt-Chartnblt hatttries for 1pproxun1ttly :!00 houri of c:ontmuous operation) lo'~ithf A.pprn1im1tety <. tbs (: J KJ)

TfM.. f.ft.ATl.lRf Op!.'r1t11onal ffnm O" to 1*0 6 f (

t,a" to f,(')"'n

"RASCAL" RATUHTEA SCALER SINGLE CHANNEL ANAl YZER MtGM VOLT I\\Gl 019'LAV UGHTtO vtl-PLAV GnRA1£S WITH PRO,OAttONAl, SCtN'ttLLATION AND GUGER Of nc,otts BUit t -IN SPEAKER UOUtO CRYSTAL OlsPI.AV MAS SU< DtGITS, NINE LEGENDS. ANO THREE DECIMAL,OtNfl eberline PRS*1

~

""" *~c...

I,I ~I Atphc Scintillation Probes

~, "'":P.fS J\\(;.3.. 7

** *I. Ar.."! ".

-., ~*-n SHAPED fOR CONVENIENT MONITOfUNG LARGE AREA COVERAGE

$U8MERSf8ll: FOR DECON'fAMffliATtON f ACE ASS£M8l Y EASlL V CHANGED MOUNTED CHECK SOURCE AVAILABU eberline AC*3

APPENDIX c.r.

INSttWMENT CALIBRATtON I

Eberline Portable Micro-R Meter, Model P'RM.... 7 De,1gn The PRM-7 is a self-contained gamma ray dtt~ct1on instrument, factory calibrated to a Cs-137 source.

An internally mounted. l. inch x l inch Na I (TL) scintillation crystal offers optimum performance in counting low level backgro-und radiation fields. The uae of a Nal crystal in measuring exposure is limited due to the non-linearity of response between particle energy and light out.put.

The photomultiplier.

tube output is proportional to dose rate in photon fields consisting of energies equivalent to that used in calibration.

Source Tenn A.

Cs-137

1.

Steel encapsulated point aource.

Photon energy* 0.662 Mev.

l\\a-226 Steel encapsulated point aource Photon energies:

0.295 MeV (ltl). 0.352 MeV (36%) resulting from Pb-214 decay, and 0.609 MeV (47%). l. UO HeV (17%). L 764 MeV (17%) resulting from Bi... 214 decay.

C.. IW!l

A NBS t-raceable, Cs-137 calibrated 25 ml Victoreen Conchmaer...:R cheber was u*ed to determine ek'PO&ure.

No addiU.onal R-chamber wall thick.neau,ea were u$1d when detetmifting th* exposure to the C,s-137 aour¢.e.

In order to establish secondary chtrged particle equilfbriU111 w1th respect to the 1. 764 MeV photon emitted frotn the Ra-226 decay chain, a polystyrene c.ap of 0.61 p/cm2 was used. the total wall thickness wae equal to 0.830.gm/cm2*

Each source wae placed in a source holder on a large labor,atory work table.

Distance& were indic.ated at points where the ex~"'surie rates, determined by the R-chamber, were aqual to 2.0 mR./h and 0 *.2 mR/h.

The PRM-7 was placed in the radiation field and the instnmtent re1aponse was determined on the 500 and 5000 range.

To conf1rm that the count rate waa equal to the pulse rate. the output of the PRM-7 was verified with the use of a pulse generator.

The 25, 50~ 500 and 5000 ranges were checked and various ad,juatme.nts were made if necessary.

After calibration by electronics, the PRM-i was again placed in the Cs*l.31 and then the R.a-226 r*diation fields.

rfle* tnstrwnent response was determined on both the ;oo and 5000 range.

A background radiation determination waa done u11n1 the 25 ea condenser... a. chamber with *11 radioactive sources remove(( from the work are*.

Results can be foutad.

tn Table L A Ca*137 button tource :ls uaed tfl check the :inatr\\llleftt c*l1bration c.* t-2

the button *ource is pl.aced oa the meter front with the radiation symbol in contact with the meter adjust acrew.

The inatrument should i*ead 165 ul./h.

,.~~ond*t;:l S~af!.d&rd for Calibrat ton A 1econ.dary standard for calibration of the PRM-7 wae based on the reaponae o.f L:1F thermolumineacenc:e chips (TLD) to a natvral radiation environment in an unventilated conc.rete basement and in the ground floor of a one story concrete bui.lding.

All chips were calibrated with a NBS traceable Co-60 aourc.e and individual calibration factors (mR/nC) were establiahed.

The annealed 11..D chips were sandwiched between two p.ieces of 1/4 inch thick luc.He and placed in the two test fields for a period of 69 days.

The chips were readout on a Hawshaw TLD reader and the expo1ure calculated.

The response of the PRM-1 was determined in both fields and the results compared to the exposure determined by the TU> chips.

A 1uaury of reaulte can be found in Table 2

c.1... 3

(")

l-Source BG, (tnR/h)

Cs-137 0

0 Ra-226 0

0 TABLE 1 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION PRM-7 (2)

Instrument Response (l)

(mR/h)

X (mR/h) 500 Range 5000 Rang~

2.0 2.0 0.2

.280 2.0 1.20 0.2

.170

( l)

Exposure rate determined by Condenser-R chamber.

(2)

Prio-r to electronic calibration.

(l) Post electronic calibration.

(]}

Instnt11Hmt Response

(*Rib) 500 Range 5000 Range 2.1 0.380 1.20 0.210

TABLE 2 SECONDARY S'tAmlARP OF CALll'RAT!ON FOR THE PRM-7 Field unventilated con<.~rete basement.

Ex.po sure Time 69 days.

PRM.. *7 cs... 137 Calibration Check

0.160 mR/h (500 ra.nge).

n.D No.

-.-....~

700104 700029 700020 700007 700027 700015 700026 700018 700025 Average

!xpo11ure Rate PRM-7 Response Net.. ~!!~.!?!:!l.. !n.~l 1.912 2.070 2.123 2.631 2.,334

2. 521 2.133 2.450 2.226 c.t-5

!)(posur~ ~~JU 25.5 18.6 22.2 27.9 21.6 27.0 20.6 26.4 27.1 2~.1 +/- 3.4 mR/69 day

.015,::.002 mR/h

.015 mR/h (500 range)

012 mR/h ( 50 rang,e)

.013 mR/h (25 range)

TAIL! 2 (page 2 of 2)

S!OONOARY STANl>AD OF CALIIM.T10N FOR THE PlM*7 Field

... Groun<l floor of one story eoncret:e building.

Exposure TiUle -

69 days.

PIM-7 Cs-137 Calibration Check* 0.160 mR/h (SOO range).

TLD No.

700005 700016 700008 700030 700013 18 19 20 21 Average Expoaure late PIM-7 leeponae Net Readout 2.113 2.387 2.334 1.988 2.298 2.739 2.153 2.276 2.194 (nC)

Exgosure \\ffl~2 24.S 23.2 28.9 25.l 2.5.4 29.4 21.5 22.5 22.2 24.S :t 2.8 all/69 daye

015 +/-.

002 111l/h

.015 mR/h (500 range}

.010 mR/h (50 range)

.010 ml/h {25 range)

n in Couju11cticm with Staplex Ri1b Volume Air Sapler The alpha detection efficiency of the AC-3-8 detector when

.placed in d1.rect contact with the filter sample vas determined by obtaining a sample of naturally occurring Pb-212 aerosols on the filt,r, allowing all of the short lived an... 222 daughter, to decay, and then counting the filter sample under transient equilibrium conditions.

Uniform radioactivity distribution over the surface of the filter was verified by taking counts with the AC*l-8 probe at different l9cation.s on the filter surface and by cutting out circular aa11ple1 of the filter (diameter of about 3. 5 cm) and counti.ng each sample under the window (0.853 mg cm-2) of a gas flow proportional counting system. This system waa previously calibr.ated for the de-taction o.f Pb-212 in transient equilibrium with daughters.

Standard Pb-212 *ample& were obtained by the generation of Pb-212 aerosols from a Th-228 emanation source and deposition of Pb-212 on the surface of

h111:lni&ed mylar 1heets of the same active area of filters in the Gelman 47 mm filteT holder (diameter of 3.5 cm).

Alpha counts of these standards obtained for the internal counting _position (2'11' geo-Mtry) yielded the absolute activity of the etandard

c.11-1

J Corrections of alpha particle efficiencies foT self absoTJTtion d1ae to the burial of Pb*?12 aerosols within the filter and within collected dust wa1 estimated by obtaining counts of samples in the alpha mode and beta mode using the end-window proportional counter.

The beta counting mode was established by covering sa:m.ple& 'With an aluminum absorber of mass density thickness of 20.73 mg cm-2 and counting each sample at the beta operating voltage (1850 volts).

The ratio of the instantaneous beta counting rate to the instantaneous alpha counting rate at the same reference time gave a measure of the effective depth of burial of aerosols within the filter as well as the alpha counting efficiency. Sample 6/o. counting rate ratios were compared to those of standard absorber curves obtained by co~ering standard Pb-212 sources with sheets of 1/4 mil mylar.

Naturally occurring Pb-212 aerosols were found to have an average depth of burial of about 0.85 mg cm'""2 in the glass fiber filter sample.

Counts of the high volume (HV) filter samples using the AC-3-8 alpha scintillation probe and counts of the circular filter samples on the end-window proportional counter were used to estimate the efficiency of the AC-3-8 probe when pl.aced in contact with the HV filter sample.

Correction1, vere made for the different alpha particle energies of the Rn-222 short lived daughters compared to the Pb-212 daughters. Results yielded an average alpha particle efficiency of

-2

-1 2.90 x 10 C ~

for the short lived Rn*222 daughters and for the sampling and counting parameters u,ed in this study. It may be assumed that Rn-222 and its short lived daughters are in secular equilibrium c.11-2

1n the outdoor atao11phere.

The theoreU.cal net alp-count reapeaee C* of the PRS-1/Ac-s... a alpha scintillation counting system for the RV filter eample 1t derived as follows.

The short lived ln-222 daughter atoms th$t may produce an alpha count rea:ponse either dtreetly or imltr ec t1 y are:

a B

f3 a

3.05 11 Po-218 + 26.8 111 Pb-214

19.7 m Bi-214

164 I.IS Po... 214 +,

(1)

(2)

(3) where minor decay branching baa been omitted and where the predominant short lived Rn-222 daughter species, Po-218

Pb-214, and Bi-214 are numbered respectively aa 1. 2, and 3. Although only the 6.00 MeV and 7.69 MeV alpha particles of Po-218 and Po-214 respectively pro-duce net alpha counts in the system, all a.toms in the sampled air may produce counts as a result of decay through Po-214.

The 7.69 MeV alpha particle, because of the extretrtely short half-life of Po-214, uy be considered from a kinetics standpoint to arise di.rectly from decay of species 3 or Bi.. 214.

The decay series thus may be simplified:

A single filter sample is obtained and later counted with the PRS-l/AC-3-8 Alpha Scintillation Detector to estimate the concentration of Rn*222 or each short ltved daughter.

No correction is made for the contribution of thoron (Rn-220) or actinon (Rn-219) daughters to the alpha count&; therefore, results will overestimate the amount of Rn-222.

C.It-3

~*.

short lived daughters, the a.c.U,vity eoueentrations U are,equtl.:

(1)

The gla*s fiber filter used tn this work has been show to have a 1001 collection efficiency for radon/thoron daughtera.

Therefore.

the atom collection rate P 1 of each spacies on the filter sample is obtained for a sanrpling flow rate F:

(2) where i

l, 2, or 3.

The aampling (t1), decay (t2). and countin~ (t3) int.ervals are depicted sche1!'1atically along with the variable time T during sampling.and the variable time t from the beginning of ta1hpU.ng to e,ach counting increment dt:

c.. u:-4

0 I

tl t2 tl l, I I...

I,

I.

,l Time Fixed Time Intervals

!he acttvltr *, of uch a,eete* tncreaau dllrlftg,the Nll!Pliag iot*rval

_, tell* teerally d*crea..e,a f'O**t **U.na, 4qe'11dl.nfi cm the u.growth trn the *d,ec1n' of p.ar*nt,.

111e dtff*r*n.tial ft\\lM\\er of e*t** dt\\, (t)

~

of the a apeeiea ltt * *"*1oactiff nrle!.' tH****nt flt 'time t post an

l.ocrraental profuctlon P 1 dT of each epeciea du*ring the ump:U.ng interval ta give where there 1* no branching tn the,eriee:

l\\

-1 4N (t)

I,.,,

ff n

i*l

~

j*t

0) th The total number Nn(t) O*f atotna of the n speciet& dve to product1en on ttae filter aample durinJ the entire eampU.ni interval is obtained by integration of equation (J):

1*t1 N8 (t)

J 4Nn(t), or T*O

( ~p (A j t l )... 1) ~~p (... >. j t) p-n

.(4) tt (Ap.. Aj) p*1 Pflj The nutlber, of disiAtegrlltioruJ >>n of the nth apec;ies dvring the counttng 1nterv*l (t3**t'!t) is obtait1ed by integration of i N (t) dt:

ft fl t*t,

- - I ~- Ntt(t) dt, Ol' t*t 2

l'

re considered to produce net alpha counts Cet.

If the alplul part:lcl*

ffic:iencies are designated reapecttvely ** £1 and t.3 and if eaeh P4 given by equation 2 11 sub1tih1ted 1n equation (5,), then the net a count C uy be expressed :

Ct ea

PU (3. (exp(A! t1>.~.. ll (~ ~:1 :l>.. ~-~:.tt~.:,>.

l When value* for >.,, are obtained from the reported half-lives given iL above and are 1ubat1tuted along with value& of t 1 uaed in thi.s study:

t 1

S 11tnutea

t 2

7 11inut***

t 3

12 *minutes. the followi:ag expression ts obtaine4:

r:,

2.74 10~,, C ""l X

a; E3 2, 9'1 X 10... 2 C -l Cl 5.666 E1 + 2,.18 t 3 t.., --*~--*-*-""_____ ~

.5.66fJ+Z4 78 When,talues hw tht ti!Hici.en('.i~t t 1 and t 2 are substitutf-:d int.!.1 ttq\\l&tion (i). the ftn.... 222 act:hity (~oncentration U h obtained:

C

-1 l

-1 1

-3 U

1.112 -r (count)

(cm m } dm-cm c.11-1 (7)

(8)

~*

r*,*mt*llt'AI ***t* for t:u M't el,- :ei!Nl\\1:1 c. ind taw t'*t*,

~.-no* 1fl 'kack.et1.._in 'tM flow r*t* f i1 UJtJJtu 1ft ft1 **l

,md th:t,:.oe:ti!t1.1t:,t'llUtm tJ is *pre1*..S ta 4.ltl Cffi.. :, * *ct¥*tt;i,n (8} iJ (9) u al:t.h,1tJ c<mc.mtratic:ui "1>f ftn.. 22.2 of 10-7 vet e11 "'3 in 1ecul1r equilibria with it& sh.ort U.ved daughter, corre1p0fflis to tme WC>rk:lt!il level (WL).

The activity concentration U expr.e**ad in worki:na level,

.........,. c~

~

....1

. 1 *1 U

LiO a 10 T. <,count)

(ft m ) WL *

(10)

1 l..

l

...,1-..

IMll&t&11s1a.

a-,.1 t l ft.

if l

type.,

'fot*l Ul'at*

Thotf.... l)t theti.. t.30 thori_..2.2,1 w1... 21, ti!lt*l,......,..

ftlort..,.232

,,..,,....,10 tbol't.,...221

......... 2,,

Total Urat*

Thott... *112 naor,... 2,0 n.or,... u.a w,... 22, Total Dr*t*

th<<wt..... 212

'l1hc>tt.... lJD Thef't._.ua

.... u..... 22, C.or*~~* ui*, 1(.Jr' l.t"'ht~taf P'$1"'t.,n, tnc.

~

\\:

uta sm2 0.81

3. ll 4.U o.H;!0.05 o.. "'*"*°'

0~66+0.96 2.. 9!T.2 o.,l+O.o*

o.,olo.os o.c-2+o.**

C t.6 I

lllll

,-,n.,

~-.,,,..,.,,.tt,.,,,,,.,.....,,..;,.,,~.* ;."'.'*""'~~~--"'1~"'_.,. __ ~-.,..i~

~*toe~

~-it*

, &er,t,11*, ka,r.

MGl

-*_,.. *... :.,/:***

f *

!I t

llllllll j ~

..... *Jl.'.~.tt,, *. ~EtJivrn.

Cl,.l~U11Msflll ~PE~ N:UMI'(.~

,,.,..,._e ~....,;. ---~.,.;..:...~liJllll1\\ll......... ___

__.......:;..._......... -..;;..-,........;;....,~

1 I

'""l!!I!

1,b1.\\'Qt 1i

.t *"IClll-l lj,11 II i II I u;;~,-~tlilht-11. !1.-1i - -

l

. t.

a

~ **, * *

. 1*~~,.Jt,. * "'. ~5 t

'f"'.'~ *Of AN"Uilf hf.

- - l i

.... 1.

un&.~;r,,,,,11

,:*~:*~*

111ulll.11t1111

r,pe of

.,,1,1 total Ul'&ftt*

Ttu>J'1,..,. 2 32 thotl..,2l0 fhorl.... 228 a.,u...... 226 Total Ut"aaium

..,,,.,l"IJ.UD>... 232

'11Ull'i... 2)0 fltorl.,.221 1au..... 226 Total Ul"nium ftK.'tl't--it:32 Thord.um-230 Th*f'tum-228 Radtunt-216 Total. Urant*

Thor,__...2l2 Thort..,..230

'fttor1.... 22e 1.1,1..

2:t:fl

'C,Qf'/(,,t ('){"', fl:..!Jl.,...liif,r'1Qf"tffle:fi'!:t,$1 *P>i0i+l,:j\\;.f0lf", fr\\¢.

- ll. £ml 0.12 0.66 0.56

l

'" 1.-it.M:lll j

CJT't

-~tit~

1~, ** *QtC[ I\\. **.

'*Ji*~& ~t1;rvtJ1 * ** )ta.

I.

L I

~{iUU:11

M... lad

,,11111,1111111 r:1

~.-..

llau*u.irill Tn*.,

llliz!&I f*t*'l u, **,.

!ho,,..,.212

-.r,~2,0 l\\U>ffu*

&a.:tu, total t'1.,.n11J111 thM' i,_.,. U 2 T111,u*210

'fhort...,228 1&dtum*2a,,

Tot.:.: \\:t:ran$.Uil l"h~u..... 2a2

'fhottUfili-2:tO flloti.-..2it btU...... 226 T*otai Ur,an.t\\1111 fllott...,212 Tttc>rt.,..210

'l'hori_... 221 a.. u..... u, t Cot\\t.t*~ ** £1"1'..,..#"/0~1 :f*_.1~t0.,.~

all.. WUJ

,.u

'l.61 o.*,o

.. **.**.****.,.. *.. 1:.**.*

1111.1111 l

I.kl/ii 111!:u

~,t I

O.lt'MO.f.U j

O. ltfO.. fll O.l

.12

' t I f.tS+O.tU

.. 01 I

0.1

.02 l

C LG

' I 0.1,.0.02 l

$.1.M,.:02

,.. 21+e.02 c

1..,

I I

I '

O.l?+G,,,Oi I

O.ll.0~02 l

l,2fft.ll C

L, 1

'**.<<,I.. ~,.

'II'",'

l

..,.~,~~... '",;........

,.... :lol

,~WE*

(:l'f:!i

- - ,,ir.,..,1.,.,,.......,. *., r.a....

....,.,...,_ n:........_t.*** l1atf:* faU*, *

*.. o,:et fl;"'

i

\\*

' 'i

'l

. t' i..

f *..

l t'

~

I

... l' M?ltl 1-,bi iUmll!&aG&D Jl-.1-lott*

,a**,~11.* t t,,- of 411111&1 total Drat*

Thoiri... 232 Th&t't... 230 T'ho-ct... :ia

...,,... u, touit urantUII ftor1.... 2u Ttuw1... 1:ao thor,...,..2:1

..,,.... u, i:.,>~ r-,e,~fr1 rt>, ltt'. *En~-*~tai Polt~M.,,,c:

~........,,.,.

all.,1u2 l.39 o.,,

A+l~{J ii tU,I 'f lf'qc,e **..

0.12'+0. 0%

0.41!0.0l 0,, 14i+C.02 C 0.9 -

0.01-+0,0l O. lo+o.01 o.ot+0.01 e1 1.. 2 L----

1e, ** u.1, rvtee,, -.,.

l*iJ.fl MGf. l Of l flAGE.

ll tj 1lIl1l1l!

lil 1

~

l l

0#......, *.......

.... WtlHI** DI lMtt

,~.o 9010IG S.,1e 1.tf!&l~~.t.!£'"1 11--l Cl'outulwat-er

2 Grourutifater B,,.)

Groundwater fl... 6 Groundwaur H-7 Grouruhr1eur PJ IS 111 ii In..............

... 1rt-f,811%t.&!

Total Uranium total ladiua,,,,226 n.or:b*-232 thor1... 210 Thori...,228 Total tJraniUJA Total. hdlu:ID-226 thot' 1_..232

!hori.,..230 Thort\\1111*228

'total Uranium tot.al ladium-226 Thor1um... 232 Thori.,..*2l0 Thorilll-221 Total iJrard.\\111 Total l.adiua--22t Thoriua-232 Thortm... 210 Thot1Ulrl'"2.2:8 Total VraniUII Total. latUa... l2f n,ori---2.32 Thori... 230 Thorium... 228 I CGA~ fer &n¥ronmentet ~.

tnc.

.................................;,.,~*,.

BL!

o.oot 0.019 0.005 0.008 0.005

< 0.6 LJIII

< 0.6 O.)+O.S o.~.e

< 0.6

0. 7:!:(). 6 o.s+o.9 l.'!LO

< 0.6

< o.,

C 0.6

< 0.6 411 0.6 0.4+o~4 0.(,7;o.6

<irt O.tt

0.6 C 0.6

-c 0.6 0.6'+0.4

>i...........

-..,., :a1..,,..,

--~,.,...._.,,,.~,-

,¥11;....,._'li'.(J.\\"fffflf.... ~-

l......

- ~....... !

.i l '

fl I

'lwlaa Hil*l!lfi_..

Ol/it/?t

,c'"All.

a

' *.IL*.*.*

(C (1.10

...... ~~;._.... ___ ~

_.f;IUIN,.,l... """'1!.4-,.---....

~-iilll:1ft._. -*-*-,.....

111....

,_...,.,.. ~. "" **,...

,.* 4~0.12 PCf

*11)

J&

a MeNiJ,,

1 lllllil

("

! "-~-.._ ____.,....ioi'.... _____ _,_.._.. ___...., ___... ___

,..i.S.-l;,lll.rirll,lt.111l..............

11i,1:~,Jl:l1....

&:.::0;.::..J.-* -----**-* __

l...,.a,~. '""""'*----.....,..,...._ _____..._._........ _..., __.....Jo..... _._,_,_,.....,,_. -,;11,.-a.i.it...1;.. o

.....,..olll.l.~,Li2il.i.a

.. ~--**** -*........... -*-**-* -*,*-

.. W.... -.... -,..... ___...., __

.. _ __,,.i--~*L--,

,..... *-~SI-.* **will.lllil.... -.... _...... &.;.el-.....luii~*,*l....

1. ---**-*

<I

<0.10 0.,6, l~.. !*****-----

- '"""""..... ~

a~=~---

~.:J:::: :.::

' +*

r'~'

,,._..,.._J_

,fu 1

"'**s.

l~ ~@l'-~llfllllll't.Pll'l..,~ -lll~-------,..._,_..._ ___... _____......... -.......,_.1/il-* ~~-------------

{

t

'*------.... ~~. ___..., ____....,....~--.u---'"-"""-**------~fsh>Ol\\*d s,f a+ it,.**.¥*

",,*--~*

~ **t,.......,-4..

_f11_,, -* -*.......... <i'Q~-----...,..----1-------------------------

t

~

...... *-*--1*,.---,--......... ~~~.._~,--"""'-----1.... -,... *-*-*--~-H-He-~------*-**--1r-*...... -*,...

.iH-t111M.....,;,a ____

J................. _,_U......,_,

l' l

............,....... -.... ~

................... ~

f i

,* --... -... r--- -~-* ----*-*-.. **r--***--.. *--**----*---- *

~.._,.,_., ~-t*"'......,.._..,1-

..,..,.1'.... ~-"'I,..._,.,._...--. -

"""'J.,.,.,....,....,__,..""'

~..,...,..,.~.~ -~.,,...,.., ~- ~...,... ~

11**1*.a** *1t.-,11te *-

,,__ __ l-** **... **<<****- --- --.---**-**--*--** --- '".

i *-*-** **1

*-* *-t ***-**-t*"',....,..._~ ~,.......,..

~,... ~*-..,,.*~"....,..~,.......,....~~*"

if

................. 1.... *i

......... _...........,.,...........................,................ ~~ '~. ____ _,_.__II,

~...-~!

r -- - L:-~~~-:~~*_:_; **}*-**:*------*

r -~-~--=:*---:-;~:;;;;~:.. :.--:-...... ~:.~~m:~,...;-..

.O.aN\\r-_.,._.,. L *s... Ilg"*...

'"'*A* ttl ***

.. 1..

I

-4Jih1** l **-*

HhN w,.

1191a

,J l

..o,io.aa 1.. 0110.11 1..,0111.. 11 fl fl

\\r1 In........ ~. lr,I hu.....Jlta* *a.--......... -i..-!:*--l,..1.rJl-..l.tJ!A.EU.l!~..ll:J.tt1.

lEd~.tn0!..-..1.S.:.;!, 1~,!!*f.:.* *~*St......_.1.l.. :-JfU*

t r"IUI.. *" I *J..a.1._.* l,-....., ____

....._,.JB-~.............. ~II\\ICM11i11!,......,,,Jl,Ji.:..,*tl~':md:.1.11:.l1J.zf+---z@~* !:.:.:J/;\\il*~:;.t.,lf,IU** L....,.n........Jll~tiU4:lf ff 'a*IUµ,, 1 1-1,lrd,1._'1,-~ __

......,.-.,;,i;::._~~~......-~&L!,.U.........,Jl~~~-.:z.*:::..::i:J;.;:;,O;:;:.O:.;.. *.:i:.;14;;...** -A;..:.Jt....ti I

., ~;111.-,~laQ 11 iril-8.. J.J O"f7i.

. tb.111,

~

~.,,.. '-**-

~-*

JliilittitlP.'li( J~ q t

.."I.Jr,,..,~&-...*~... ---4----t~........_,ir.,..li,~~ii_.........:;.;~~........_

....... ~;.;....;..;:;;....,. _

.-., '1

i

. '\\,.;,/...

. *t.,~*~r~~--~_,,,....,....,..u/i.1l!i

r __

'""'""'f---*-o-AltiJ--lil!.....

n*rif---"""li"'-11Uh.....

1 -lli*i---~*-*-i.'K"""*'---*-u-1.0"""*"'**31-**..._AJ ___

I __

~* '

-~..... **-; **~****.8J*,,1;11;it:;*.-..~..-.----*----~....... -

....... _.,_~---................ """"""'........ __

,.!Oi!<t_1.-!l """ """'* _;p_,_"""""*-**F..... 4¥-<!iifi-*....... -II -*

'f*

i

~IW.. l.. -r-...""""~....._,,.,***.***

, *Bl............

iNll'

\\

4.... a.~~.. ~ ***,a,110t~~ *.-,._..._.

,1,,

1\\......

, if4II. N i I U;:~1f I

I.

1i *,

I I.* l f r fitl

~

0 *,.....

I....

.. -...... ~--

Pert**tet' t>>cat ions Sun.1** taen 16 Kay 1919 S.,le tftdber hctitgTfflffid l

2 3

4 s 6

1 8

lQ n

12 13 14 15 16

µ)J::.atioa l~ mi le fra st t:e M con-er of :stte

'MW corner &f site SW corner of site SE corner of site M"PIIMX D.. ttt.

~ir ~1~....,W.lat.Joa k~l \\l!~

lhtdtat:loo LeYe l

.a/hr 6

1 22 15 2.0 12 16 ll 7

i 28 22 21 15 8

8 Collectien Mt.e

~-

45 45 4~

45 45 45 4S 4j 4S

,s 51 52 52 46 45 45 Al:I SM!ft.Dft,; *M!A Alpha CO\\Mt* fM S tidffi.Jt'.e e~t

&~** '~t* ~!! -....

13 it, 7

18 s

u 4

14 l

UJ 5

12 22 9

11 4

21 t

19 6

24

u.

21 10 19 llf 1

24 11 16 3

-r

,t.

J

!t'P!MDtX &. 111.. (Com:tnue*if)

Otud te L<ff!at 11cm Sut"W:,e Taken 31 May 1979 All ~IIG*"*tA Coileetten Seaple Radiation Level Flow Rate flulilbe:r LocaU0\\1 IIIR/hr F'r3/Ktn.

Gros:s C_Otlfltll lackgtound ll 45 13 Ill l

SW rflll) of warehow.le 7

S2 142 124 2

Bui ldi nt 134 20 58 73 68 l

Building 133 14 58

!t8 4S t,

4 Warehouse none taken 48 224 211 5

lutldtng 143 13 48 Sl 40 N

6 hildi.ng 121 26 38 73 60 7

Building 115 furnace 22 S8 55 42 room at control t"0011 8

Warehouse - at pr-oduct 65 so 378 365 stack

A.. 3ohn Ahlquist, c. John Ullbe.r9er, and Alan IL Stoker Loi Ali1mo1 Scientlfic Laboratory P.O. lox 1663.- MS 490 Los Alamos, New Mexico 87S4S lNTRODUCTlON Laboratory to rapidly assess location* and c:oncentrations of alpha~*

-.itt.i.nc; c:ont.tminanta in soil.

They are 1) a,;ro11-alpha measurtHt.1nt of soil samples u1in9 a Zns alpha scintillator and ll a portable pho&lil,ich cleteetor used as a f iel4 survey instrwnent to detect low... ener.*gy x and 9Ul11Wl rays asaociate4 wt th alpha decay.

These methods have proven useful. for directing 4econtamination operations of soils contaminated with alpha tmlittera (Sm77; Me77).

zns O£T&CTI0N SYST~

The technique of making quantitative 9ro11*alpha meaeure11ent1 on soil and rock naples was firat,1aed in the 1930a by It. D. Evan1. to

- - au.re uranium and thoriwn (!vl3; Evl4a; tvl4b; Fi3S).

In ada,ptin9 this t.ec:hnique,

coaereially available 10 cm diu ZnS alpha scintillator and HV aupply8 The system can be powered either: by Une or interll&l Y

The t.o, Aluo, Scientific Laboratory request.a that the publisher identify thi* article ** work perfo:nMtd under the *uspic~:1 of :the US£At>A, Contract

,v.,.tos-DIG.,,.

.!JI*.".

..tl...,,... are tluet ln pl**t.i.e 1M91 that: *tr* ***Id to **f,fi-eleaUr..,...eniee the...,,... lnoqh **11 (I\\.?$ f) li.1 takeft to H.11 an 00\\lftt.Lnt, re<<ucin9 detector aensit1vi.ty.

!he,etri d!ah 'i* then fl*c*d in* 4epression in a black wocd*n holder and the piobe ia p1ace4 on top of the dish..

The holder is black in otcler to lliniaise scattered lipt, as the 1 m1/ca2 aluminized :my1u riba on the probtt provide a. consistent 1.6

apac!nt between the top of cu M **little** 10 ain..

~ *r*t* ia 1talibrated uaimJ a carefully hollo9eni1ec.t soil saple

'*Pikel to 2000,Ci.It with 231Pv.

Thia --,le 9ives 0.13S c/111 pe.i- *pCi/f

The l**itu *tat11tical error on the calibration f*ctor isles* than l\\

for

li--e1n coW\\t on Sdfl** ?. 2000 pCi/9.

System l.\\ack;rr~ ( u-*i"'J aft npty pet.rt cU.*ht 1* O. 5.. 1. O r:J*.

Natur*l alpha eeittera in tio* Alamos t...S.n*t* soll s-,1e of the M!il.. type beinf measure4 1, u&e.4 to 4etedl'tne

the nat.vral **1.pha t>ack9nNnd

lystn caU..bration-at.f!.bU ity checks qde -with a ?. 5-cm die plated

Jtl'\\t ~ce, and *Y*tn back9round check* are made daily. llank and

r*t.*, **

fW'lction of 9r(';la1 counts for soil back.ground, for a 5-min t"he rttaulta of 9ros*-*lpha analyses on selected so.U sacrnples known to h*ve predotllinantly 23~J>u contamination were compared to 239Pu radio...

cheinist:ry result* on aliquots of soil from the petri disn used for the 9roa1... ~lpha an1ly11, (Fig. l >.

Note that 13\\ of the ZnS measurements are t.o be 900d *fre-.nt aince samples were not sieved, ground.. or aiU.ed to en*ur:e holnoteneity and a1nce the tns "****" <O.S 9 cfsoil, whereas 10 9 239

r* van for radiochaiauy..

f'our suple1 bad 9roa1... alpha ZnS to Pu

.....,ltn; inholaofeneitlea *..

rtn conclusion, this technique pen11.it.s rapid assessment of alpha-

itter contamination in aeils to low enough concentrations to efficiently cUrect large field operations.

Dua t.o *Affl.Ple inhomogeneity, however, the of I). We feel thi* tisadvant,ege is aore than off aet by the advanta9e of Nlftf eble to analyte lar,- nWl\\bers of s"'mples in a relatively short time.

l67

UI Fig. J.

Cumpo.rilon of ZnS 1ros,-olpho result, to,.. Pu radiochemistry results on the same,amples.

Curo, A indicatn a ZnS result two times that of ra.diochemi,try. Cu.rue 8 indicate, a ZnS n,pon.:,, fl/M.Gl to the ntdiochemis:try result. CUl'tJt C indit.Y1te1 a ZnS respome one-half th.at of rodiuchimi.try. TIit dttection. limit indicated ii for o S-min count for a range of not.W'II 1oil back,rwndl. The actual limitl def)fn.d upon the parametm used.

t l i

I I

11----__..,\\..,, __ _

$CA Fa,. !.

&he*atic of eh.e field phoswich deCtttor. *Thf put,, Mope onal)'ztr <PSA.).,e~ct, only purt Nol ~ts whilt the 1in,k-ch4n.rtel onolyur (SCAJ *elfftl th, photon,eMr,y n,ion. of

ntwat.

(

I Grose... Alpha Activity Detection Lim.its for 5-Minut.e Sample Count1

hnct.i.on of B*ck9rou.nd Count bte and Probability of Detection Soil kckground

~"!.~~ bt* (el~ mi~)

20 lO 40

(&)Given for reference.

14 21 15 26 18 29

1 Abstract LCM*LEVtL RADIOACTIVE WAST£ FROM MR[ METALS PROCESSING FACilITI£S Jeanette Eng, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Donald w. Hendrick,. ORP*las Veges fectHty., U.S. EPA Joyce te1dman, Radiation Branch. U.S. EPA ft.egion U

Paul A. Gitrd1na. Radiation Branch, U.S. EPA Region 11 In the past year, problems of dfspo,el of byproducts, tailings, and wast.es from rare metals and thorium producing fac1Hties have rtteived the attention of rad1o1og1ca1 agencies.

Many of the raw ores used by these pro-cessing facn ities were ric:h in natural radioactivity end the residues of production were often not disposed of properly. Mill ta111ngs from the uranium wnining industry have only recently come under federal regulation.

It can be eKpected that similar attention wil 1 be focused on the env'ironmental impacts of the rare meta1s processing indu,try as illustrated by interest 1n the problems of Parkersbur1. WV, and Albany, OR.

One other site in Akron, NV, does not appear to be an innediate problem, but its situ*tion is typical of the many yet unsurveyed inactive rare mtt11 f1c.1Ht1es in the country.

The radiological problems P"'t:ltnted by and decontamination activ1t1es which may be required of these rare metal fad11ties are t1t1mined.

trtrod!Jctipn The feder1l 9overnme,nt has recognized that companfts which process thorium and uranium ores require regulatory controls 1n order to Jrotect Mn ind the environment from unnecessary f'adiation.

The recent pessege in November, 1978 of the Uranium 11111 Tailings 1111 (H. R. 13650) demoftstrates t,he government*,:

recognition that the front... end of th, uranium fuel cycle, Le ** tr.1nfng and m1111ng of uranium. had been neglected.

The bill defines prot.edJres for a......

medial 1ct1on program at 1nac.t1ve mill sites end regulations for *ctive mi11 sites.

Companie$ which provid.e titanium, phosphorus:, rare earths~ end rare metals for industrial and cheas1cal use are not norntally regarded as pJssessors of large quantities of radioactive materials.

In fact there appiars to be a his-torical laxity in documenting the processing and waste ctfsposal activities of these industries. A recent [PA publication reviews the available litereture on technologically enhanced natural rtd1etion due to mineral e*traction in-dustries (81 i8). It is only recently that :phosphate industrial wastes have been Hsted as hazardous radioactive wastes in the U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency* s proposed Hazardous Waste Guidelines a-nd ftegw1ations (Co 71).

This paper will review the situetions at the e,dstfn; Teledyne Wah Chang, Co **

Inc. located (*it Albany, Oreg,on. a,u.t the former Carborundum Cot"p./Amax Specialty Mete ls. lr,r ** fac1Ht1es located at Parkersburg, West Virginia. and Akron. New Tort, in order to,how the extent of the rad1oectiv1ty problem at rare metals processing fttiHties and the need to hteAtify for radioh,9it11 review other rtre,metal and rtre earth processing sites.

As shown h, f1gur.e 1. the unusua1 9rovpin9 cf rare earth and rare metal Jrocessing industries stems from their common ore origin. The ores used in rare e1rth a;nd metals proctss1.ng are byproducts of.mining for titanlum ores,.

since the ores for the specific,rocessin9 are seldom found in ec:onomica11y 4'11ntab1e rock.

The principal domestic arees for raw materie1s ere Florida and Georgie, 11thov9h mining hes occurred in westerr. and other southeest.ern

$tates. Outside c;f the U.S.* major deposits are located in Australia. Canada, Brain. Sout'h Africa, Sri Lan.ta, l,ndia. and Mexico.

Often ores with higher specific *ineral content were imported,,vch as N1gedan zircon sand for hafnium processing and Australian z1Pton sand for zirconium processing.

The beach and fluvatile sand deposits from these areas are rich in mar*

ketable 11unite. rut11e, monazite, 1nd zircon. Monazite commonly incorpo-rates thorium a,nd uranium as we11 as rare earths due to similarity in g.eo..

chemistry and electronic structure.

Ilmenite and rutile ere ore materials for titanium proceuing. monazite is the principal ore for rare earth proces-sing. and zircon the principal ore for zircol'lfum and hafnium processing.

Gen..

er111y. these beach or pl acer sands are treated to produce heavy mi nera 1 con-centrat 1ons containing tht zircon, rutile, ilmenite, monazite, and other marketable minerals.

The concentrates. may then be treated by vJrious combina..

t1ons of gravity, e11ttrost1tic or electromagnetic methods to separate the ind1v1dua1 mineral,. Nonarite being sl11htly magnetic can be separ1ted from r1rton by electromagnets. The purity of the zircon product (or conversely the degree of monaz1te contamination of the product) 1s obviously e function of the degree of separation effort.

Initia1 treatment usu,a11y h provided at or near the mine site. As a rule of thumb, th.e sand deposits are usually but ftot always processed primarily for the titanium content in the form of rutile and ilmenite.

The t1rc:on and monaz1te fractions are then byproducts whic::h are treated separately to extract zirconium and rare earths. respectively.

Thorium is then a further byproduct of the rare,earth processing of the mouazite Portion. This has been the major source of thorium up to the present.

For zirconium meta1 production, tircon sand 1, usua11y processed to min-imize the monatite content since the phosphate content of the monai1te nas

de1eterious effect on the metallurgical process.,

This in turn should mean a lower thorium and uranium content in the metallic z1rcon1um wastes than in foundry wastes where the monatite content of the zircon sends should be of less importance to the process. However. Wagstaff tlas reported levels of radium.. 226 from the uran1ua, dec11 chain to be about 100 pCi/g in tncoming t1rcon sands tt both foundries and metallic zirconium prodYction fac1Ht1es (Wa 78).

As Table 1 shows, the uranium 1r.d thorium content of monazite con-centrate, varies depending on where the ore is ~ined. The amount of monatite in the zircof' sand also depends on how we1l the separation fac:ility removed the monJzite before shipping to the use po1nt.

At the use point (such as a zir-conium metal manufacturing plant). the *nufacturer may find 1t necessary to furthe-r separate monazite from the sand.

Low-level radioactive wastes may be generated at each separation point.

The natur,e1 concentration of uranium and thorium decay series products in the sands are low but the industrial proces-sing to obtain the specific minerals contefitratn radioactivity in the waste re$idues.

The disposition of these waste residues is the subject of this

,paper.

Case Studies of Three facfl ities The rirconium and hifnh1m processing method was devtlo~d by w. J. Kroll for the U.S. Bureau of f4ines.

The bur'e&u established a pilot plant in 1947 at Albany. Oregon. to,extract zirconium and hafnium using the Kro11,precess and.a purification plant in 19S1 at Oak Ridge. Tennessee. to.produce high pur1-

t1

.

low "*.fnium, reactor grade i1rc.nnium.. The rirtofl sand is miied **. t,n graph..

tt, or coke and 1s fused in an e1,ctr1c furnace to produte t mixture of car...

t,onitri4ts of.tireonf Uffi,and ~afn1um.

The ctrbonitr1des are thlor1nattd 1n 1 verUca1 shift furfl1ct 1nd the gaseous chloridts of 11 rcon1 um an:d hefn1t1"1 tre collected 1n

nickel condenser.

The zirconium 1nd hafnium t'h1.oridts.are re..

fluted in the <<roll process to the metals by reaction under an inert atmosphere with mapes'vum.

The end,produc:t, commercial g*rade zirconium sponge. will con-tain about 21 hafnium suitablt fJr non*flue1ear us,. Current indu$tri11 prac..

t1tt uses 11reonium tetr1ch1or'hte produted by thlor1n1tin9 1irGon tl'frtc.t1y instead of the cart>onitride (MF 7S).

In order to prodvte reactor 9r1de z1r-confvm, 1.t., tnat containing lbo\\&t 0. JI n1fnium. th,t coetrcia1 gredt zirconium 1,on9e 1s dt1solved end tht hafnium is so1veflt extracted to htfn1um thiocy1nate using ffltth.v1 tsobutyl,ketone.

The hafnium is prec1,1tated as an hydroxide.*

c11dned to about Ill htfn1um o>ride.

Tha resulting zirconium sponge ts <:rushed, tOfllpacted into consumable tlectrodes. a:ntJ v1cuum melted in an 1nert atmosphere to ingot. Further produtt purity 1, achieved by applying the de8oer-v1nArke refifling process. A simfltr pr,0c;edure 11 epp11ed to the hafnium solvent ex...

traction fn order to cbtain high puir1ty hafnium !ffte1. The restctue, generated by the extraction processes contefn graphite. coke. unreacted s1Hcates, 1"d noR*volatne sn icates..

Mah Chan9 Corp. be9an operating the lureau of Mine*s* A1beny, Ore,on, f1.,,

ctHty 1n 1965.

Today 1t 1s one of the major producers of reactor grade tir...

tonium and hafnium metals. Concern ove-r the environmental end he11th safe-guards *at the fecn 1ty 9rew when explosions were encountered during di991ng oper1tions near the faciHty'a htdustr1a1 wastt piles. Ap,partntly the txplo*

s1ons were ce-,sed b1 r,p1d combustion of the i1rcon1um in the wtste piles.

At the *** time the Rldiation Cofttrol Section of the Oregon Oe.partMnt of £n..

v1tonmtnta1 QuaHty (otQ) became concerned that the largt chlar1ntttd residue piles ma.r be a rad1o1ogica1 problem. A gamma radiation su,rvty showed tUtdllUffl reading of 1200 uR/h *. When the Oreeon 0£0 checked the radium concentNt1on of the *piles, 1 t follnd that the Ra-226 ranged fr* the ori9in11 zircon sand tonctntr1tion of about 60 pCi/t to over 1300 ptt/9. One water s1mpl1 ttken within the residue pi1e,howed Ra-226 conctntf'ation of 46,000 pCi/L, hence the concern of a,ottnt1al ground *t*r contamination. The,, rad1olog1ca1 parameters for the rare metals chlorinated res1du*H can be tOfftpared with those for Ucranhtm mill taiHn9s.

Most uranium mills 1n the U.S. typic11l1 processed an 1verett uranium ore trade of about O. lS*O.lSl ~ranium which would give e,petted radium-226 con.ctn..

tretions in the mill te11ing1 ranging from 420-980 pt1/g.

lndhidual tailings sam9lts at

given mill may have c.oncentrat1ons that are more or less that, these vtlues by as much as. a factor of f;ve or 10.

Oue to Ore gen OEQ* s work at the Wah Chang fee 111 ty, Ortton 11.mited the volwmt tft4 radium co~tent of chlorinated re,tdue which the facl Hty 1111 *ccu*

late on,ite before dtspo,e1 1n an out*of.. state f1ciHt1 1s required 1nd un-dated 111 _.,,rs of t1rc:on s.and to fHt an appHeatton f9r

rtiiuctive 111te*

t1a1s l1ce~e. The criteria for,re111,e to 1n unT"estritt:ed 1re1 ere S7 uR/tt

SO,Ct/L of Rl.. ftti in effluent, *ntt 0.03 Wl of radon* (Wa 78). 'Of tht wenty-

Qftt Worting.Level (l WL) is t wntt oe,crit.1ttt,any toncentratiofl of short.. 11ved uc11 *prottucts5of radon-2!2 1n one Hter of e:ir which result,

'" the rele:ase of 1.. 3 tc 10 MV c,.f,otential alpha energy.

siK potentfa1 users of tire.on sand, the st1tt est1*tes only four w111 f"eciu1re s,ee1fic 11cens1ng. S1mt1ar1y, Ut1rh has restricted onsite accumulations to

"° *"* than 100 tons of ct,1or1nated residue 1nd RO mere than 3 eurits of la.-226.

Efforts to det*rm1ne the extent of pess1b1t r*diologital pro\\llems a,re more d1 ff1cu1t for,1tes which have ceased rare metals proc*ssint ecthr1t1es for several yea,rs tither du,e to -=n.nges 1n stte ownership or unfavorable economic clifflltt. Locating r-esidue p11es end s1ud9e pends, tst1matit"Jt amount and origin of orts,roetsstd, and determi111nr, processing and waste disposal activities mvst rt1y on hhtor1c.*1 records which are vape or MneKistertt.

tn the m1d*1950's the respons1b1Hty fc:,r z1rt.oA1um production was sh1fttd to private enterpris,e when the c1vfHen nvc1tar.power program was established.

In order to meet the increased ctemends for reactor grade z1rcon1ti1m, Carborundum Corp. which operated

fat1Hty 1n Akron, Mew York, ex1>1nded its production capacity by building I facility 1n,Parkersburg, Wtst V1rJin1a. The plant's des1,.ned capa. city wts 600 tons *nnually; 1t be9an ope. ration, fn 1957 *. tn the fftid-960's, Amax S.pec4e1t.v Metals Co., Inc., became a partner and 1n 1167 obt1in,d full owner$hip of the company.

The Partersburg site,was sold 1n 1977 to L. B. Foster tomp1n1, 1 steel pipe fabr1eet1on,1ant.

As a re,ult of fos-ter I s pl an to expend its buil di n9s, pyrophoric waste,materials were encountered during backhoe operations.

In hwestf91ting the causes of the explosion, 1t was discovered that zirconium and thor1UII NJ hive been buried onsitt, and that Alnlx S.peci11ty Metals had 11ot adequately termhi1ted its Hcense with the U.S.

Nwtlear Regulatory Conn1ssion (NRC) for possession of r1dio1cttve *terit 1 *.

The NRC estimates that two mi111on pounds of :i1rcon ON, mainly from Nigeria, were :proee.ssed at the Ptr'kersburg plant since 1951.

A rei1olo91ca1 survey of the site shows ganna radiation to t'"ange from* background level of 10 uR/h to 160 uR/h. Sofl samples show concentrations of thorhnn-232 end its decay

.products to range from btckgrovi,d level of 1 pC1/1 to 10.000 pCt/g.

The thorium cont1min1ted 1r11 1s limited to a few acres of the 100 acre site. The NRC's tentative clean-up goal of 6 pCt/1 tbove beckgnn,nd of thorium-232 with

three to fovr foot overburden and tletd restr1ct1ons on exc1v1tion wa1 deve1oped blstcl on an 11sessunt of the 1on9-term hazard due to ti:oron (radium-220).

A r1d1o1091cal surve1 of Parkersbur' by I contra:c.tor to 1\\.-ui S,ec:i1lty Metals ettiates 10,000 cubic 11rds of so1 *1 need to be remove~.

SoN di1posel alternatives being consfdef"ed art burial 1t 1 1111,0111 fac1Hty, tM.tr1a1 ons1te in *.clay lined cavit1 with land u:1e restrictions provided for the buf"ial area.

1nd ocean disposal. Whether there are other locations.,nv1te where z.1rcon1um andlor thoriWft are buried *.v never be known since records on waste dhpcsal attd f)roce-ss h11 ttth,t Uta tr-e htcomplett.

T1'e Ak*ron, New York, iircen1um and hlfnium processing fa,t1Hty was tht

,pilot plant for. the Parkeribl.arg, West Ytr9tni1, fec111ty and pre,ent1y 1s OwnN by *** S,peci

1 t, fltte 1 s Co *

Int. Process 1 n9 *~ U vi ti es by tarborun*

daNet111 Co., Inc ** Ngan 1n lKJ,t the Akron site to produce hefn1um fret iir.toflhtm v"4tr en Atoat:c tner91 Comm1Jsi,Ofl (AEC) contrect.

The plaftt's dest1ntd,roctssin9 ca,ac1ty was 162 tons of iireofti'"'1 an...

nuen,.. Alt-houp the p1e*t,._4

contrte-t w'ith the AEC to produt, itrc:onium Mt11. there dots not eppetr to bt **1 AEC.. NRC, er NVS (tA a1,et111ent 1tttt'J ltc**** fot by,roiu.ct ute.-1a1 ether the* fer research **nd iev.elC>pmefl\\t tl\\lT'*

,nu. An !fNlu1tri11 1 fc*nst wit+. tht 'ffVS hPtrt*nt of.Labor (DOL) for i*ray

I,.

tfl:d pffllrt sovrct1 *was in tf'feet from 1960 thro11ff'I 1971.

0vf'1ftf tht,.,.., of 1971, the EPA *Rtgfr n U radiation office qweritd the IYS OOl end,hpartMf'lt of Environmental Cot1'.trv1tiofl about the status of the Akron, lew York. plant. The £PA was contPt'ned that

situation s1m11ar to the P1r*k. er

.. s'burt, *.*s.t V1r. 91t1i1. pl1nt fflii' e-. ut at the Plew York plant due to thei.r opeJ-1tin9 history. £PA w*s 1nformetl '.. hat Muc Specialty N1t11s Co.. Inc., had contracted Ateor. Inc., to perfortt1" radiological survey of the Akron site as the httti,1 step 1n terminating 1ts industrial 1 icen$t with the N¥S DOL.

The dune. 1971, survey showed rtdietion levels ranging from a background level of 7 uR/'h to 1500 vR/:h outs 1de, w1 th some bu11 ding mea suremeflts up to 40 uR/h (le 781). Tht extent of procassing activ1t1ts at the site is not well known due to inc-,lett records. there were areas.where maenesium an*d 11rconium residues were found but no pyrophor1c tnc1dents occurred.

A s1n;1t soil sample from tn area with an,external radiation reading of 1500 uR/h was analyzed and showed the soluble portion contained the radioactive material. but no further racUochtmfca1 analysts were performed.

The elemental composition of the Jltnf)lt f ftdic:1t1s 1t may bt f4f ger1an ore, the principal ore processed at t,he Parker,..

burg,11nt. Surface soil samples were taktfl et locations with ebovt background llmM radfation and were spectro1copfcel11 analyzed..

The ran;e of concentra-tfons *f Ra.. 226, Pb-214, Bf *214. At-212, TI-208, and K-40 a,re shown in Table 2.

(Lt 78b). For these 11otopes, tbe background concentrations are less than

1,pC1,,. except for k-40 with toncent'."1t1on of 12 pCi/g.

The Htr.ited rtsu1 ts 1ft Tab e 2 indicate 1evt1 s of thorium and uranium thain nucHdts elevated above e,cpected back,round levels.

The monaz:1te fraction of rirc:on ores typieally runs about 3.. 101 thorium d1odde (TtttJ2) content with

tr1*uranham Ottoxidt (U30.) content up to 0.41%.

Zircon,ands of 16.71 pure tircon 1rt current1.y Import.I and q"oted on a min1-tnUm basis of 611 zt:rcon1wm ox1de (l102).

Hence the ***imum mon1zfte content of incoming zircon sands should t,1 1*ss than 3.31. Assvm1n' ** 101 Th02 tMtent in the 3.31 monazfte fraction o.f the zircon sand, the overe 1 Th02 content of the zircon sand should be less than 0.331 or less than 300 pCi/9. N19er11n sands are repol"ted to range from 0.4 to 71 Th02. lesed on this aracl on the as-sumption that the tn0n1zite 1s some lesser friction than 3.31 of the non.. zircon portion of tht saftds, then the values of 120-150 pCt/g for the thorium chain ftucHdts do not se* unreasonable.

Stmiltr11y, us1nt a 0.411 U30s content in the monttite fraction tnd a maximum 3.JS monaitte content. one \\IIOu1d estimtte a maltitlUM uranium or radium-226 concentration, assuming equi11br1um, of about SI pC1/g, whf ch seems to bt tn pr,oblb11 fortuitous agreement with the eaucimum measured values of 35 pC1lg for Ra-226.

The *htpe:r J-40 values are certainly higher th1tt the tKpettecl Llackvound vah.i*s of **vt l! JCi/9~ However. &Fte st,ge of the hafnium pvr1f11ng t,N,ctss vs.es 1,otessium dt1ortde molten mix...

ture. tf this plant used thh process end if some of the mo1 ten mixt~re were JPH led. it could acc~u,nt for the tttghtr <<-40 v:11ues st nee the potassium en1oricle.probably,cont,lns about 400 pCi/9.

Between JuM and September. 1178, Ame x Spec i a 1 ty Neta ls removed so 11 from 1re,s with h19h,._, f"tditt1on levels. About 26 cut>tc 11rds of son were stltp,u to the conntrc1e1 low level bvr1tl site in Barnwell, South Clf"OHn1

twt of :tht t'hrtt *11,ootts or t.nfHtrat1cm,POftds..e,r.e excavated to a three *feet

'Clepth IN the ftllteria1 was 4is,ostd in

ne1rby 'haiardous t'he.mica1 land.fU 1.

the rtdiNct.tvlt_y of ttaCl eaccevattd :fflltffft1 ts ftet kffGWn siRte no analyses

ere,erfonnd prior to a.is:,os.a1.

j

tn S.,ttfflbtr. 1178, Ateor resurveyed the site after clean-up efforts end

.*d* rttOMtndattons for acld1t1ona1 dec.ontaminet1on to reduce 1eve1 s to...,

low as: retJoMt>ly ettrievable. However, 1t 1s not known to what extent these recommttttf.lations were,ursved by the site own*r. It *h not known lfhether any attempts *re made to identify the se>urtt of the slifht1y elevated le\\ttls of radioactivity 1n t:he ttu11dings.

tn Detlfflber, 1971, the NRC perfomed I survey of the Akron site (St 78).

The surv*ey identified.ot1e area near * -rid9e with ;anna radiation of twent1 t1Ms batktroumL Areas near the lagoons and the tube mnl building Nd levels r1n9i ng from background to ten times

Ana 1 rses of the so 11 samp1 es frem thtH!

three locations 1ftd1c.ate thorium concentrations in the range 6.0-l9 pt1/t with background concentration of 1.2 pCi/9.

The one air samp1e showed ftO Rn-220 dau9hters above bactground levtls. Gamma radiation levels in the buildings were within tw:1ce background, 1ndicet1ng little contam1natfon after removal of the gatnm1 1a-uges.

The s1te could hive been re1*1sed for industrh11 use with 1 ittle elean.. up nectss1u*y in order to meet the HYS OOl Industrial Code Rule 38 that no gamma radiation levels exceed 250 u,R/h at the,urfete anc!t that source anaterial in son be 1,,, than 0.051 b1 weight. which 11 s.ooo pCi/g of Th**2!2.

Due to e*per1ence at rare Mta1 processing f*e111ties 1n Albany, Oregon, and Parkers-burg, West Virginia. Amax considered* more stringent elean*U:1> program to Met the 9011 of *as low as reasonably at'h1evab1e."

In 9en1r11, the clean-up progr111 has been successful, tlttaough EPA Ret1on II would have 11ked to hive seen the levels reduced to tw1ce background and to !,,C1/g for lta*226 and Th-232. A rtc.ord of processing and disposal act1vit111 at tnt site would have 9t111tly assist.Id* in tnswer1ng questions concerning the,poss1bi11ty of any buried radioactive material,.

01 S~US§1!,f1 It appears from figure 2 that the *mount of zf rcon ore imported into the Ur.ited States hes been 1ncrees1ng steadily sinct 1930. The iMPOrts account for ~proximetely iOl of the annual U.S. consumption of zircon concentrates; the remainder 11 attributed to domestic production and stock piles. Austral i1 supplied about 60S of the imf)()rts before 1950, 1nd over 951 after 1150.

8raz11 contributed *bout 201 during the period 1930 to 1950. In total. the U.S. con-s,umed about 300.ooo short tons of zircon before 1 KO and 1.3 mil Hon short tons thereafte,..

The.potent1t1 radio1og1ca1 f)Nblem can be 10.ewise divided into two periods.

Prior to l 9&0, most of the Aus tre 1 hn zircon was i mS,OV'ttd 1 $ 1 black sand mix-ture contatning zircon (40-751), ilmenite (l4... 43~), r-utne (7.. 111). *net anati te (2*81) ores (MY 36).

No attempts were ade to sep*ratethe ores until the sand t11ttt\\lr* reached the proceasi-ng fec1Hty. In 1148. the Commonwulth Government declared tts ifttent to purchase and stockpile monatit~ ore.

As a result, fu..

tvre shipments of sand had mo,t of the mon1zite ore removed in Australia be-fof"t,eapo:rt.

1ft or4er to provide

conserv1t1ve estimate of the radto1011c.al content ln.tttt sands im,porttd before l9SO, the 'Sand mixture is assumed to 'bt composed of l'l **ezitt ore..

lssUM1nt the Th02 content in the *nazite fre~tion to be a, high as 10~~. the* tht ThOz.t,ofllttnt h, the bead" sands tou1d reath o.ai,or tbout 800 pt1/g. Si,t11H1r1tv, assumin9 the UsOa content in the IMMZite frat.-

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t1on to be as high,s lS, then the u!o8 content ifl the beach sand could reach 0.08% or about 200 pC1/g.

After 1950, the Australian ore had the monatite fraction separated to some extent, hence the sands contain a minimum of 96.7l zircon. Assuming the Th02 content in the monazite fraction remains 10%, then the ThOz content.in. the benef1chted sands could be as high as 0.331 or about 300 pC1/g, the U308 content could reach 0.03% or about 100 pCi/g. Subsequent-ly, the rare metals processing fac111ties which operated.prior to 1950 rnay have 9reater red1o1ogfc1l problems with their chlorinated residues than those which use ore obtained after 1950.

We would expect that any user of tire.on sands would receive some monaz1te in the zircon sands, since the separation of ilmenite, rutile, zircon, and monazite, as indicated in figure 1, is oft.en incomplete.

Hence some small fraction of monazite, containing thorium and uranium w111 be present in any industry which extracts titanium. chromium. tanta1um. etc ** from beach sands.

The monazite and hence the amount of thorium and uranium decay chain produch will vary with the sand origin and the degree of ore beneficiation.

In fact.

fae111t1es which need only the zircon. ilmenite. or rutile fraction of the beach sands and insist on high purity ores may not have as great a radiological problem as facilities which need only the monaz1te fraction or use sands with little ore separation.

Producers of reactor grade zirconium have rigid specifications for thori-um and uranium content and generally require high.purity zircon which implies low radioactivity content.

To achieve this, the zircon is either purcha5ed 1s high purity material or further processed at the rare metal producing plant to achieve.purity. For meta 1 production, then. the rad1oact1 v1 ty remains 1n tht wastes while very little goes with the metal product.

On the other hand, ttie purity of zircon sands consum\\d at foundries is not critical, hence these sands may have the highest radioa..:tivity content. Manufacturers of refractory mater1 a ls. producers of m11 led or ground zircon. and ceramics manufacturers will most likely have some portion of the radioactive content incorporated in-,

to the products due to the manufacturing process.

In reviewing 1nformat1on from the annual Minerals Yearbook for 1929 through 1975, over twenty $tates were 1dent1f1ed to have some fadlit; which processed be1ch sanl:ls 1n zirconium, hafnium. and rare earths production or used beach sands 1n foundry processes. Table 3 provides a breakdown of the states accord-ing to the type of pro~ess1ng or use activity. Facilities presently operating in these areas of ect1v1ty tan be fairly easily 1dentiffed and evaluated to de-tennine where these facilities dispose their chlorinated wastes and whether the sands or concentrates. used by the facilities have any ap.prec1ab1e monazite fraction.

For facilities which have ceased operating or changed their owner-ship or their products.. such an evaluation is more difficult.

Sinct only limited data and in some cases no data are available for radio-1ctivit,v and expc,,ure levels 1ssociated w1th 1ndustdes such as discussed above 0 1t seems apparent that considerable work needs to be done to assess the environ-ffltnt11 and health impact of such industries.

to78 Costle, o.. 1178,.. Hazardous Waste Propostd Guidelines and Reguli-tions, tftd Proposal on hleftt1fication and listing, "federal ~egi~t,r. Vol. 43,

.. '"iii.

No. 243, December 18, 1978, pp. 58946-59028.

1178 Bliss, J. D.* 1978, "Radioactivity in Selected Mineral Extraction In-dustries... A literature Review," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of P~diation Programs - Las Vegas facility. November 1978, Technical Note ORP/LVF-79-1.

Le7Bl Levesque, R. G., 1978, **Results of ATCOR's Gamma Scan Survey of June 9, 1978," letter to H. Kall (AMAX Specialty Metals Corporation). June 20, 1978.

Le78b Levesque, R. G., 1978, "Results of So11 Samples - Analysis by Teledyne Isoto~es." letter to H. Kall (AMAX Specialty Metals Corporation).

November i E., 1 78.

MV Minerals Yearbook, Annual PubHcation 1929 through 1975, U.S. Oepart-flltnt of Interior~ U.S. Bureau of Mines.

St78 Stohr, J. P., 1978, *'Resu1ts of NRC Radiation Survey at AMAX in Akron I New York, 11 1 etter to F. Bradley ( NYS Department of Lebor), December 26.

1978.

Wa78 Wagstaff, D. G., 1978, "NORM.. Problems in Oregon," paper presented at the Region X Radiation Control Meeting, Se.ptember 26. 1978 *

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TABLE 1:

Thorium And Uranium Composition In Monaztte Concentrate, (Weight Percent)

ThOz LI30s Austral ie,J,,

1.. e 1

Brazil 6.. 7 0.2 Jndia 9.10 0.3 Nedegasc.ar 9

0,4 South Africa 6

0.1 United State, f ""P-4... 5 D.4 TABLE 2:

Radioisotopfc Concentrations In Soils From The Akron, New York Rare Metals Processing Facility (Le 78b)

Rtdio.i sotoee Rt-226 Pb-214 Bi -214 At*228

Pb-212 Tl *208 K-40

.!ang,e, of,~pncentrat.ions. (pC1lg Oril 2.1 35 0.66..

7.0 0.47..

2. 7 L 3 -

140 L 1 -

150 1.1 120 8.8..

120

TABLE' 3 :.

STATES WITH RARE METAL ANO RARE EARTM PROCESSING ACTIVliIES Produters of zirc:onium oxide, zirconium and hafnium sponge metal, ingot, and alloy Refractory firms using 11rcon in products Prnducers of zirconium compounds and chemicals

Produce-rs of zirconium oxide for other than metal production Milled and sold ground ?ircon Producers of rare earth compounds and chemieals

\\

Producers of high purity rare earth metals Processed rare earth co 1nce11 ~rates Processed Canadian uranium mill solutions for rare earth5 NJ, MA. Al, NJ, 0~, WV, ffl\\ OH. PA CA, Nff KY, NY. PA, AO, Off, W't,. Ml

.NJ 11 NY, MA NY" Al, OH, SC., NJ, WV NJ, NY. OH, SC, OE. CA, PA NY, PA, CA, CO NJ, PA IL, TN, NJ

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a. atwly of avail1'ble 1:it9ulat.ions and.repert* was unde~*n to cleftlop cr1ter1.a vtu.ch oou14 be r*COllllended for deeont.aalnation of facilit.ies, *oll, *ilt,.._
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1,10, ue **,Pn.MlunO **,._!L* t. 'lheM 1"'4.t.* as-* nearlr iiefttloa1 to *lefii-letNJ Ol.lite 1.e, and are t.ypA.c&l ot r**n* dec0fllli*11tcmin9 at. ***r*111t.es1
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t.t.oa of t.hl t*ecilit.y ** et1t_... on *tt.e. &ac:h r*ctor **oOllftiasioftff (Mn*
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f'e>11owint tu clecoa1*siacmi.nt+
final report *** 1***4 ldlich 1ne1uded t\\*,e final eurver re,v.lt.s.
!'he survey plans were Mt 9:l:ven in I.
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I tl'opon4 ue.rice.n National Standat-tl.MIS1 NJJ8*19'7. Ct;>ntr,:pl ot. 1'f~iMrt~vJ, b(!*c! s.tJ:$M\\Mtion,on.. M*t!fl*l*c,l&l.li1!!!9l,,,. racilitiet to b,, ;lltl*1,*
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llf l!!!!!!l.ff?lld 2**, ia eurrent.lr i.n the *f in41 *t.at** of revuw. Pemi1si.ble ent.M.t.Mt.1-U,aita, veMC&llr tbe MM u a.t'Ulat.ory GuU* 1.1,. ue pre*
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hasac4 &Nlr*i* o,f **t.1rface contaainat.ion levels. This s-t.amtar4..
._ it bttCOMs *ff*et..:Lw, vitl onl,y i.e a *aonHnaua *tM4~** and wt.U. r:epr**
-t *tcro4 pr*ctt..**. th1* vll1 only ti.* the effect of lav ahou14 t.he NBC or ot.ber l.'efU1*tory *tenor refereru:e lt in a l*w << plte. 1'be NltC Nl'l'f!Atlf
pl41M-. t.nooqofattt it.*** le,ulatoq G\\lite, however, the propoNcl
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Althouc,h this pi4e ao.11 not apply to aoti'l'iti** relat.ed to the reactor fuel cycle, it does 9ive the tiae** vt*w-f point on !teu it nee4s to con1idet to review the uaers* 1*at.1iat.ion *afety f '
f.
L pro,ram. t'be pidelinea preaent.e4 here are the sue as those prea~nted in ttlC JcefUlat.ory Gui4e 1.86 for acceptable levels cf *~face contalld.nation~
There aeema to be a4fKl',l4te precedent for Uranium for ueing an avera,e ac-ceptable sw;face contamination level of S,000 4pm n/100 c:m2 for unrestricted relea1e of equipment and buildings. The maximum eontaminaticn level woula be t..
15,000 4Jie U/100 -.1 and t.he avera9e NY be over an area of l square Mter..
llUovable contald.natJ.on may be lOOO ctp11 o/100 C1111
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Jtegulation1, For transportation purposes, At:my re9Ulationa define 0.002 lJCi./9ram as the boundary between radioactive and non*ra4ioaetive eolicls. The Department of
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peciAl transportation ~requ:Lr-eaenu.
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10 Cf'R 40.4 defines "source material" as any combifhltion of uranium, or thoxiua in any eheaical or physical for'I\\ or ore.a, which *re great.er than O.OS percent in weight.
Thia same defin~tion ia also called an "uniJnportant quan-tity* in part 40.13.
This value could potentially be used for soil contamina-tion levels.* For U-238, t.his corresponds to l.S x 10-' µCi/9.
The regulation clearly state* that at this activity level no license is required for posses*
aion and UH oft.he Mterial. There are no restrictions placed on the use of
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.._... the want* i.n thi* cue 11 1ft...-U.t.briua with tt-* aa.._atn, the l'*"t
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1'he limit prOfNed fot liftl'e*triet-4 ** l* 0.5
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the r~eClllllleftflaU.on 11 a1.o *** tbat each pa.rot of aa-226 be lUli.W t.o the.._ val* *ao that future probleu cauaed by a....22, Ln-9rowtb ve avoi.. d". fhi* value.... unt!u.ly reatrictive for appl:l.catio.n t.o U*IJI, llhic:h hu.._ **parated fl'Oll lon9-live4 avvht*r prod.\\lCt, in that approd....
tely 101,-ar* v111 l>e nquire4 for o.s pCi/9 of 0*.231 + 0-,.2M to yi.*ld 0.4,Ci/9 of *"-.. 216.
'ftlia report t~es *,aau*penaJ.on factor of 3
10*'
froa the work of Healy for evaluation of the airborne pariic:ul*te ha&ar4.
~loi-a4o' I 1.'~!~!1!'-:Jn*§2jJ S~ml~d:
the Stat* of Color*do adopted a *tan4ar4 in 1973 for pl..atonilllt contained i.r\\
Nil., ftlit *tant1ar4 vti11se1 resu1pet11ion fa~ter* for plut.aftia. fr* soil to
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the report pr-esent.a Na1urements of pluton.i.wn in soil and in air for quieacent conditions. follovin9 a recomMnAltion of PA for conditions Where local cl.is*
t;u.rbancas were ~outine a.n4 of hi9h freq\\lency, they adjust the resuliipenaion fac*
tor by* factor of 100. t'hey v.. the adjusted resuapension t.era*f l x 10-'/a
Ibey *l*o tu* c::re4S.t. for a reduction in "aurface* contamination a,,* factor of 10 based on a9ricu1tQral plowing in the area.
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Uaint 'tiM lO _.. 10 -~u
.... 1....,.. l.ial~ ef I* 10"'11 IJCi/cc ** div1dinf t:ty three for *ver*t* poptilation *..., *** fi.el.u
~ *a&. U.al.t ""'114 _..,.... to 2 a :u,** 11Ci 11*111/t for: die,.. c;;.1
of t : :Jflf'1 9011 *bl
Nil ***ttr of 1.6 1/cc. Healy allowet
factor of 10 increue in l
~
't...
f t
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I..
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1
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oon~at.ton with *Mpt.b iJ\\ *oi.1.
tt:1\\11, for any 1 e111 depth in aoi1, the inferrd liallt for V-118 wrA&14 *1,e ~ a 10~* ~;~;,.
~is,r.it t!F,a,§tp,u:t!ve ~1,p-9R.i.Ji ~1nat,
~
teli*becl t:J'iteria for the decont.&N.natton of raeiliU.e* Afld property bvolvbtt urard.\\111\\ a111 tailin91. !'lase criUuia are applicable for ca** irl lfhich urut* tau ttql;lilit>riwn with it.a d&u,bter protlvcu.
'lbe,riac:~1 ha&ard i* taken to be radorl claufhtera fl.'Oll the v!.-wpoint of lnhalat.icm. CrJ...
terla were eat.abU.*hed for eactemal 9U11a ra,U.*t.1cm alao. n.t pri.N.ry eleP*\\IJ>
criterion for ra4on 4aughter products 11 o.oiw.t.,.Nlfl that for,... radiation 11 0.. 05 aR/h.l' incloors u4 0.1 a1Vhr outdoors. In adcU.tion,.1f contuintti.on i*
fc,w'ld that vu introduced by hUIN!Ul activitiaa, tt ahou14, where practicable, be prOllf>t lnteri* action and a invest.it* tion level.
blnetrt9.1 As,,****ment of lna5:tive ur,-nA~.<<ill 'l'filinttr Shl_en,ckc Mew Ntncl~p la41elo,i~1 criteri* t'*tab1i*he4 for t.h!* eqineering ********nt are 4ivicled i*to. two _.r*t,~te,ori**
ll Crtiert.a -,,.llc::1.1>1* to stheture* with ui11nf'* unkrneath tha o,:
I'.~.*
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I I,
within lO tMt It Criterw,.rtalalnt w *t.tw au.1 taiU.nt*,1te.-4 *c,pen 1d oriteria ut4.Ua:e41 for huitulA *t.rt.1Cture* u,*e the 9\\*:LMl.iM* pe1tahd llr tlll I~ GeMr*l of t;;ha Unite4 SutA* for *** ie th* Gr..,. J~L_..,
C.lorNO, r-41*1 pr09r*. f'beatt 1ui4eli** t.-:... nll 9rachtl lew11 (l:raH4 i I,
rdiaticm (SIU l*v*l* and of the i,ruloor a:aaon 4aupter conoentzaUron {DC)
I..
l.
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GrMar thtm O.l lifV'br*
,.,.. o.os to 0.,1 *ldl/br Gnater than o.os...
Pree 0.01 to 0.05 WL Le** than 0.01 WL
-dial action NJ be
uev**te*
11o r.... u.. ai. *ct1on i.ndicat.ed.
Average baek9round in the Shiprock area was detend.ne4 int.his study to IN t
\\dV'hr.
Ari a,u14eU.ne for the land beyond the site, if residual,.... 1*vels are l*** than 10 ~
above baekwroWl4, the land *r,be rele&M4 for unre*tzic...
te4 11***
Where cleanup is necessary the racl,h* content of the ao11 ahoulcl be
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wth Nftru,...,.._., *tawt u..
. ~.
de&ipat-, lly
t!GfttN1lM an:a., 1M feM94 to la.it.._, *.a N
.-t11.-... u u hau ~nc,. The naer1cal tui.Hlw* provlth a***!*
TM orit*ra.. ettaltahd wttre for: **p0111 ~**t tler-11 pd.*:rt.lr C*, Ir, -4 Pa. U. priaary exposve pathway was estt.ted t:o be lht**tiGft of contMiMt.ed t-4*t:uft1 fl'Olm lecallJ. 'lht baste pikru::e waa autved fr* t.be werk of thl1 llholeW,M'1.,_M&:uow 0.11 lltdl/yr
e.,s 81111/r..-
o. 1$..,,,.
tor,. Witb thia in aJ.ml, the T*ak Group re~nda t.he followint for ** in Nkint.. cialc:ma ooncemi.n9 11'h cleanllJ) oper*tiona *t Enewetakt U
<&o J'Ci/fM of aoil... correct! ve ect1on not required II,o to 400,Cl/911 of ao11
corrective action **teraine4 on* caae-by*eaae lii&*l**, 0011aidtirin9 all r*diol091ca1 con41tioM J)._.00 pCi/p of eoil
corrective action re,pi.nd
Whi.l N,pOft,_..la.1 data on the tiblmluct of a*t*a.11)' eeccrd..nt,rattonuclit**
in. Mtl an4 le--... l't":c V*2J8, tM v*lve* in *oil r-.. fnat O.J to 1.3,Ci/f.
-....,..,... the....-,ou* lillit1 wn.lch mi.pt be appU.ea to v-211 Lft.<<>11, the fol-lowiftl' ltat kl the.... unit* ii off..*re4::
~i. U*2J8La toil IIOra*t:diNctlfl nlia. for p-,osea of tran1portat.1on 2
BNl'IPt bta u.ceuint u swrc* Mteria1 o.15 l'ilffN'tl** for V talU.hf* **** cm a.-tJ6 o.. ooos C.1nlatJ.on b&set on lteri..a St.ankrd for Pu 0.2 lurfCIOe oontuinaticm of 5,000 4/11v100 m 1 o.14 ukM Ina 10 era,o, ** beint e...-pt fr* U.cen*i.n9 or uy other nq\\11r-.nta.
al.a 'Rl* ot* 0.. 11.Ci/t is in cloae a9re.-nt wU:h the v*lue ealeulat.e4 baaed
tbeor-et.ical 00ft*i4erat1cma an4 Healy'* report..
Xt also cor:reapon4a almtt
(
-et.lr vid> W 5,000 ll/4pQ/100 ca* for nlea** of..,.ip,M\\t ***-1"9 the con*
\\._ t.alllinUt u in the upper l
of soil.
The use.of 10 en 40 b&* the Ntit of ll
U.S. HUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION REGION l Report No. !0*501/82*01 Docket No.
.....40.......
-..... so.... 1 _____ _
__ Prior,tv....... * ----- Category ---*--.. *-R-.... -.. _
AJ.~1!!.!tl!L ~om.e~.~.t of.Am~rica 1.* l~fEl,p _W9r~s 1880 Elmwood Avenue Facility Name:
Gr*ug~~*.sl..\\e.e1x Corp./Commercial Ptee.~nd.S~
Inspection at:
1880 Elmwood Avenue/1920 Elmwood AvenJJt, Buffalo, New York Inspection Ro.bert--rreITey, Senior Radiophysici st -
State of New Vork Ap b>,,~_;_
Kinneman. Chief. M-at_e_r-i_a,....1 s-s-e-ct-*1,....*0-n l
lnspec~.i on Summarx:
lnspt<=t i pn c~mdvc:t~d Of!..}U,~EtJ.~.. 1982 (Re2or1 40-501/82-0l) date s fgned
. 1:Jat signed Ar,as Inspected:
Specia 1 anno.unced closeout inspect ion of a formerly licensed site engaged in.production of magnesium thorium casting alloys, including 1nter"'
views with current site owners and independent measurements of radiation levels.
The Region I inspector was accompanied by a representative of the St.ate of New York.
Results:.All thorium had been removed from the site when the licensee vacated the site on June 24, l9S8.
No radiation levels above background were identified 1n a.reas surv,yed. The site meets current c;ri ter1 a for releate for un,restri<:ted use.
~**
L lndfv1dw1lt Conta<:ttd
,if * * *""'
l i 'I ~,
ill.WI' i
~ A.
I, jOart 1
A.
Carl Gruber, J>resident
(lruber Supply Corporation 1880 Elmwood Avenue Buffa lo.* New York 14207
8.
J-ohn Hurt ey, Pres idtnt Commercial P1pe and Supply 1920 Elmwood Avenue 1..-ffalo, New York 14207 QET.At.. 1..$
z '
81ck_sr9un~
3.
Ahitninum Corporation of America (ALCOA) was licensed f'cr the eiper1menta1 use 1nd production of *a,nesium thorium alloys under AEC Lictu,,e Mo.
C... f>0.23 which nam*d ALCOA, l.uffalo, New York and Cleve1uid. Ohio Wcn*ks a,
.iuthorized places of use.
This Hcen11 e*pired Februtry ti, 1961 (see Enclosure A).
Information supplied to NRC 1, Office of St.at* Pro9raffls by the State of 'New York dated SeptMber 11. 1980 'hrdicated that ALCOA registered lO mCi of natural thorium (approximately S94 pounds) pursuant to NYS Industrial Code 38, effective Oecefflbtr 1S, 195S; however all materials were returned to the A.E.C. prior to June 24, 1958 (See Enclosure I).
New York State performed a clos,e-out survey of the ALCOA 8uffa1o Works at 1880 ElmwGod Avenue, Buffalo, tJ~ ** ',':'rk, on J.une 26, l9S8 and found Ro evidence of any radioactivity in any :,art of the plant. The report also indicates ALCOA vacated the site on Ju,e 24, 19S8.
(See Enclosure I).
i11.~2eclor[~ Observlt ions. an9 +nter_yiews ~*-~i.t,~ Current Occve*nts of the rormer.X,,censed
~~!
The site formerly occupied by ALCf':A Buffalo worts at 1880 Elft!MOod Avenue.
Buffalo, New York has been own'..J and occupied by Gruber Supply Corpora-tion since March 1, 1973.
T'.te faciHty consists of a two story office/
store building (approximate,.y 7,000 ft1 ) connected by a loading dock/
s~ylight storage area (approximately 9,000 ft 11 ) to a large warehouse (1ppr0Jdmately 67,600 ft1 ).
The construction of the facility 1s brick on concrete, lab.
The warehous.e area h 1n part s.ubd1 v1ded into smaller storage room$.
(See Enclosure C) the wareho.use area 1s used for $torage of plumbing 1.nd bathroom fixtures.
The 1nspec.tors met with 1ndividua1 A and discussed the sco.pe and purpose of thei-r v1$1t.
Individual A provided the inspectors with a site diagram and granted permission for a survey of the site.
He suggested the inipec*
tors contact 1nd1v1dual 6 since the ALCOA foundry site had also included th* warehouse building at 1920 Elmwood Avenue which share$ a common will and 1s directly adjac~nt to 1810 Elmwood Avenue.
(See t'.nclo$ure C).
l l
j
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l ri ll
J
n,e 1ns:ptet1rrs c,ontattied 1nd1v1dv11 8,.afscusse4 the u,ckground, Jur,ose
n* scope ef the in5Pettion.
tndfvftti111 I tr*ntld 'Ptf'm1Ss1oft fcrr a survey of hi I wereho.,,e.
Tne war:*t<<.*ut,;e 'b~Hd1nt (approi1matt1)' 22,SOO ft') at 1120 £l~cf Avenue sha:r;e$ an 1ppr,o:1iutelr 7S foot lt,tt9th t1ong its,outhern wells ln eoMOR with 1180 Elmwood.
l'he bu11dhtg w*1 h art br1e:k u'td ttt, floor ii ceme*nt slab in sON e.reas.
Thh wa~ehouse building 1, :urrent1y he1n1 used f:or-stortge of various site,pi,t.
4.
J~jel?,!Rftnt Mte surem,n~,s The inspectors wer~ acc()fflpan1ed during their surveys by h1d1v1dutl A at 1881> Elmwood Av,enue and ind1v1dua l 8 at 1920 Elmwood Avf!ftue.
lad1at1on le,,h wtre measured at knee level usfn9 a ludlu1 Model l!S -Micr~R meter ct Hbrated.April 19
1982.
Ul80 Elmwood Avenue:
Radiatiott levth ranted from 4 to I microroentgen1 per hour 1n the otftce,, htlht<<ys and store areas, from 6... 10 mh:ro-roentgens per hour 1n the loading.Jock skylight, storite rooms tnd total wa,rehou,e area.
Radiat1en levels fnc.* reased up te 16,mtcroroen. tfe.ns per hour when the survey metier was placed directly on the brick walls.
lacUathm levels ranged from,6.. 10 m1croroent11ens per hour in the out*
s 1 de etw irons S to 20 fett fr* the wa l 1$ of the bu 1 ldi ngs on the site.
1920 'Elmwood Avenue:
Radia't1on levah; ranted from 6 - 10 tn1croroentgen, per-hour within the warehouse building with an 1ncrea,e up to 16 mic.f"O*
roentgens per hour when the survey meter WA$ placed directly oft the bri¢k wa11 s.
Radiation h.velt in the outside environs 5 te 20 feet from tht wtHs of the war*house ranged from 6... 10 microroenttens per hour.
S.
~x1~ lrtt,ervi*w~
The inspector$ reviewed the scope and results of their findings separately with individuals A and e.
fi.
Conclusion Radiation levels mea,sured at 1880 and 1920 Elmwood Avenue are 1nd1cat1ve of the natural back.ground of the s1te.
The site meets cu,rrtmt NAC criteria for release for un~str1cted use.
---4:
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',i UNf'TU.) ST'ATI.B ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUSSION WMHlN<,:TON I.I, ft.CL 4'.h:amhu* CofllPUI' of lllerica 1145 wt1*hln louleTaN Lta*n** Ito. c...,o:G t.te'11 fU 1 l 1990 IDa q*le* 11. Calltoma lttention1 JIJ". R. R. Zmu 0.tle118J:U.
l\\trsmtnt to the Atomic Enera Act ot 1954 Md Section 1to.21 ot the Co4e o1 Fede:ral RelU,la.tiona;: Title l.O.. Atomic: Enerc,., Cbfif>ter 1., PU"t &.o..
Cor:ttrol of Source Ml.te.riaJ., you are hereby licenae4 to receive poae1e111iotJ I'
of u4 title to sixteea hundred (1,600) pomu!a of eourc* nateri.al tor experiatat.4 UH ad tor the production. of agn,ud.ua t.horia ca*ting all.o,a, b accordance with the procedure, deecribed in.;rov appll.cation ot FebN&J7 J.;
etter ot March 24" 19,S, Thi* lie.Hilse extent* to,ov en:.fc1Clf'fl:Jflle~d lflff~er posa11a1cn ot e.nd. t1tl*
to ntined sc,urce u.tea-:1al to any person licentuut by the Atomic &lergy Ccmlai*11on, Yitbin the limita of bta 11.cenae.
Al a condition ot this license, you are required to maint&in :nu:ordl ot your invent.ories, receipts and treu1ter1 ot retined aouree material.
'Dtts llc,,mae 11 subject to all tbe provisions of tbe Atomic Energr Act of 1954 now or heree:tter in e:f'fect and to all Yal14 rule* and regulations ot tbe t1. s. Atomic Energy Comm:tsa1on, including 10 era 20, "Standard* For Protection Agail'lat Radiation."
!b11 lie....
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FOli TB1 AT<>IIC ENERGY COMMISSION J. c. t>ela.ney Chiet, luelea.r Mate:rtala Section Ltcen*ing Branda Df.via1on or LS.cec11n1 & Repla.ttoa
Dl.te et ¥lelt:
,...,,., *=
Person inter* ~ewel.:
E.eacon ror 1'1111 t,
,.. 2,. 19:JI 114.¥ 10.,,,,
..,. 101*1 C~ P. eu&ee, ktlofb:,11e1at 3*. hlaN!,a, Hat.aktl*** Foreu.n On reqv.e,t or tille c.,mran7 tc e.ne,ck tt:e build*
.t.r;1 tor poaalble cOilt.trmlnett.cn.
Th1r:; co*q>e.n, veeatecl tne pr-er.a1aee '11l June. 24, 1,,1..
~~10:rl.1..m e.1107r; he.4 beea \\A;ed 1n tine man'-"t:.ct\\.iil"e of el\\iulnur:f c:11t1ng1.
All rt:*ldual r*4l*ct1ve mater1a.1., have been rt,ti~rtied to the A.E.C.
The 1140 l.. V'.7. G. t. X-ray un.tt atill r111;.a1na 1n tb1 plaat. su.\\'>Jeot to aale.
,Q!iQIJlStQ:I
'rhere 1a no eY14eace ot raf/lloact1v1t7 ln -., p.rt ot the pls..ut.
None.
lht CPC t
Corne 11. us P.. Car.d.et
.FA410Pftr1SlC1at rt 3. lc1ec, i't.D.
,ssc.c.. Ind\\latrtal. Hr&A.enc ftQ-s 1C1M.
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FOIA/PA-2017-0581 - Resp 3 - Final, Agency Records Subject to the Request Are Enclosed. (15570-222-353)
Person / Time
ML18029A063
Issue date:	01/17/2018
From:	NRC/OCIO
To:
Shared Package
ML18029A053	List: ML18029A055 ML18029A058 ML18029A062 ML18029A063 ML18029A064 ML18029A065 ML18029A066 ML18029A067 ML18029A068 ML18029A069 ML18029A070 ML18029A071 ML18029A072 ML18029A073 ML18029A074 ML18029A075
References
FOIA/PA-2017-0581
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