ML20245D817
| ML20245D817 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Clinton  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1986 |
| From: | ILLINOIS POWER CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20245D782 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8905010180 | |
| Download: ML20245D817 (25) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:1 Attachment A j l CLINTON POWER STATION Environmental Monitoring Program i i PREOPERATIONAL BIOLOGICAL REPORT 4 1978 - 1986 EXECL'T IVE SlT!ARY Introduction and Chapter Table of Contents h prepared by
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/LL/NDIS PDWER CDMPANY Environmental Affairs Dept.
- Field Biology Laboratory h$0 '12$N $$$$b PDi6i R
v-b CLINTON P01"R STATION ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM PREOPERATIONAL BIOLOGICAL REPORT 1978 - 1986 l i VOLUME 1 1 Prepared by 1111nois Power Company Environmental Af f airs Department Field Biology Laboratory 1987 di _j
L' 1 t: p3 4r i-A TABLE OF CONTENTS
' Volume 1 Page
. Preface.- . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .- iv
. Execu tive ' Sunanary . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . v Intro 6uction... .- . .. . . . . . . .. . '. . . . 1
. Chapter 1.- Periphyton.
. ,, . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Chapter 2. Phytoplankton. . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Volume 2 Ciiapter 3.-' Zooplankton. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Volume 3 Chapter 4.~ Benthic Macroinvertebrates . . . . . . . 4.1 Volume 4 Chapter.5. Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . .- 5.1 Volume 5
' Appendix A. Periphyton . . . . . . . . . .. . . A-1 Appendix B. Phytoplankton. . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Volume 6 Appendix C. Zooplankton . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Appendix D. Benthic Macroinvertebrates . . . . . . . D-1
~ Volume 7-Appendix E. Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
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Ei L l f Preface
.This report summarizes preoperational results of the biological portion of the Clinton Power Station Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP). The biological portion of the EMP was conducted by the Field Biology Section of the Environmental Affairs Department of Illinois Power Company. The report is divided into five chapters covering each of the biological disciplines sampled. Each chapter was authored by the person responsible for that discipline. Authors for chapters are as follows:
Periphyton Ronald L. Willmore Phytoplankton Ronald L. Willmore Thomas V. Clevanger Zooplankton Benthos- Thomas V. Clevenger Fisheries M. Stephen Pallo The report was edited by James A. Smithson and Thomas V. Clevenger. Computer programming and data processing support was provided by David W. Plunkett and Jill A. Hardin. Mary A. Monahan was responsible for typing the report and was assisted by Gretchen S. Williamson. Independent review of the specific chapters was provided by Dr. Roy C. Heidinger for Fisheries, Mark J. Wetzel for Benthos, and William R. Cody for Periphyton, Phytoplankton. and Zooplankton, i 1 1
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4 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
q Clinton Power Station Environmental Monitoring Program Preoperational Biological Report 1978 - 1986 ! l An ongoing Environmental Monitoring Program (ENT) was initiated in I 1972 to fulfill Nuclear Regulatory Commission commitments. The purpose of i the EMP is to assess environmental changes associated with the i construction and operation of Clinton Power Station (CPS).. Construction j activities of Clinton Lake and CPS were assessed in several previous j reports. , l The purpose of this report is to present comprehensive summaries of I biological monitoring data collected prior to the operation of CPS (May 1978 through December 1986). These data vill be compared to subsequent data to assess changes in biological communities due to operation of CPS. The major emphasis was to characterize natural variabilities of periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrate, and fish communities. There were no rare or endangered species, or unusual biological communitie s. Overall, the biological communities are similar to those in several other Illinois reservoirs. Communities in Clinton Lake followed successional patterns which are typical for newly inundated reservoirs. CJinton Lake communities expanded rapidly and were relatively unstabAe during the initial two or three years after inundation. Several populations declined during the third to fif th year, and biological
- communities were more stable during the last four years. This stabilization should facilitate segregation of environmental changes due to natural succession and to CPS operations.
Communities in the main lake were generally distinct from those near the headwater areas. Biological communities at the North Fork end of the lake were often least similar. Periphyton Periphyton is composed of algae which forms a slippery brown or green layer on rocks, logs, and other substrata in lakes and streams. Diatoms, green algae, and blue-green algae comprised most of the periphyton in Clinton Lake. Diatoms comprised 65-98% of the community and accounted for four of the five most abundant species. Algal densities and chlorophyll a concentrations were greatest in 1983. Algal densities were generally greatest near the discharge canal. The community downstream of the dam had greater species diversity and lower densities than the lake. Algal densities and chlorophyll a concentrations were more consistent during the last four years. Phytoplankton Phytoplankton is the plant portion of the plankton community which, throuFh photosynthesis, provides the primary energy source for aquatic ecosystems. Diatoms, green algae, dinoflagellates, and blue-green algae l comprised the majority of phytoplankton in Clinton Lake. Shifts in dominant groups from blue-green algae to diatoms to green algae occurred v i
I ! I J l I l as Clinton Lake aged. Seasonal densities of major groups were similar to other reservoirs. Headwater communities, especially at the North Fork, were distinct. There was a trend for water clarity and primary productivity to increase from headwaters to midlake areas. Composition of the stream phytoplankton I community was similar to the lake, except the stream had a greater percentage of diatoms and a lower percentage of green algae. Maximum stream phytoplankton densities usually occurred in winter. Area s downstream of the lake were more productive than headwater areas due to the inflow of phytoplankton from the well-developed community in Clinton Lake. Zooplankton Zooplankton constitutes the animal portion of the plankton community. Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda comprise the dominant groups. Community composition suggests productive conditions in Clinton Lake. Gradual changes occurred and the community became more similar as Clinton Lake aged. Midlake areas had similar distributions of dominant organisms and communities. Likewise, communities at the headwater areas were similar. Most of the dominant organisms had greater abundances during spring and fall. Zooplankton was more abundant downstream of Clinton Lake compared to headwater areas. This was due to the inflow of zooplankton from the well-developed community in Clinton Lake. This influence was limited as there were downstream reductions in densities. The influence of Clinton Lake was also demonstrated at headwater areas where densities increased as waters slowed at the confluence with Clinton Lake. Benthic Macroinvertebrates Benthic macroinvertebrates are animals which live on or in the bottom substrata of lakes and streams. Midges and segmented worms comprise the dominant groups in Clinton Lake. The community is characterized by low diversity, and species which indicate productive, warm-water conditions. There was a general trend for increases in mean densities from headwaters to midlake areas. Asiatic clams (Corbicula) were collected in ClintonThe Lake in 1986. This clam could cause problems in CPS water systems. j community in Salt Creek had greater densities and species diversities than ' Clinton Lake. Fisheries Gizzard shad, common carp, white crappie, bluegill, and largemouth bass were the most common fish in Clinton Lake. Walleye, tiger I muskellunge, and hybrid striped bass populations were established by, and are dependent on, fish stockings. These species adapted to the lake and j diversified the recreational fishery. Largemouth bass, walleye, and tiger ! l muskellunge populations were supplemented with stockings from on-site rearing ponds. ) Growth and condition of most species were generally best in the earlier years of reservoir development. In later years, growth and condition compared f avorably to other reservoirs. The community remained relatively stable during the last four years. There were slight 1 vi
differences between communities at midlake and headwaters. . Gizzard shad were the dominant prey for game fishes. External parasites and abnormalities were encountered infrequently. The stream communities were dominated by minnows.. As headwater communities developed, there was a-reduction in stream species and an increase in species from Clinton Lake. The community downstream of Clinton Lake was composed of stream species. l l 1 vii l
l INTRODUCTION Purpose and Scope of Monitoring Prograw An Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP) was implemented by Illinois Power Company to satisfy requirements of various permits and licenses Several related to the construction of the Clinton Power Station (CPS). reports have been generated to analyze the results of monitoring efforts during preconstruction, construction, and lake formation phases of the EMP (Table 1). The purpose of this report is to synthesize, in a single document, results of preoperational, baseline data which will constitute a comparative background for assessments of operational ef fects of the CPS on the aquatic ecosystems of Clinton Lake, Salt Creek, and the North Fork. Accordingly, this report will encompass environmental monitoring data during the period between establishment of normal pool elevation for Clinton Lake (May 1978) and the initial phases of CPS operations (January 1997). The major focus in these analyses is the development of seasonal and year-to-year variability in the structure of aquatic communities. Variabilities in aquatic communities were derived from ef forts encompassing quantitative studies of periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish. The basic monitoring design consisted of periodic, quantitative sample collections from representative sampling sites distributed throughout areas which will receive varying amounts of thermal influence from CPS operations. Specific methods, results and discussions are presented in the respective chapters for each of the disciplines. l 1 1 L-_-_-_-- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4 l . i. Table 1 Chronological synopsis of reports which contain environmental data pertinent to the Clinton Power Station, Clinton, Illinois-4 Illinois Power Company. 1973. "Clinton Power Station Units 1 and 2. Applicants Environmental Report, Construction Permit Stage", Vols. 1 through 4 and Supplements. Docket Nos. 50-461 and 50-462, Oct. 26, 1973. l United States Atomic Energy Commission. 1974. Final Environmental l Statement Related to the Proposed Clinton Power Station Units 1 and 2. Illinois Power Company, Docket Nos. 50-461 and 50-462. Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, In c . 1975. Clinton Preconstruction Environmental Monitoring May 1974 Through April 1975. Annual Report to Sargent and Lundy Engineers. Chicago, Illinois. 1976. Clinton Preconstruction Envir. inental Monitoring May 1975 Through April 1976. Annual Report to Sargent and Lundy Engineers. Chicago, Illinois. 1977. Environmental Monitoring May 1976 Through April 1977 Construction Phase Clinton Power Station. Annual Report to Sargent and Lundy Engineers. Chicago, Illinois. 1978. Environmental Monitoring May 1977 Through April'1978 Construction and Lake-Filling Phases Clinton Power Station. Annual Report to Sargent and Lundy Engineers. Chicago, Illinois.
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Illinois Power Company. 1979. Clinton Power Station Units 1 and 2. Environmental Report Operating Ideense Stage. Energy impact Associates. 1980. Thermal Demonstration Pursuant to Illinois Pollution Control Board Rules and Regulations Chapter 3, Rule 203(i)(10). Prepared for Illinois Power Company, Clinton Power Station Unit 1. P. O. Box 1899, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania i 15230. 1 1 1 Illinois Power Company. 1982. Clinton Power Station Environmental Mc;itoring Program. Biological Report May 1978-November 1980 Volumes 1-4. Environm<.ntal Af fairs Department Field Biology Laboratory, Decatur, Illinois. 1 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1982. Final Environmental Statement Related to the Operation of the Clinton Power Station, Unit No. 1. Illinois Power Company et al. 1984. Clinton Lake Creel Survey 1982-1983. Illinois Kurzawski, K. F. Power Company, Decatur, Illinois. 2
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sr . 4' Table 1 (continued)-
' Illinois Power Company, 1985.- Clinton Power Station Environmental Monitoring Program.. Biological Report 1981-1983. Volumes 1 's.
Environmental Affairs Department Field Biology Laboratory, Decatur, Illinois. 1986. Clinton lake Preoperational Environmental Monitoring Program.
. Water Quality Report. Environmental Af f airs Department, Decatur, Illinois..
e 1 1. i
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l I Description of Environs and Clinton Power Station The Clinton Power Station is located in DeWitt County approximately ; 9.6 km (6 mi) east of Clinton and 96 km (60 mi) northeart of Springfield (Figure 1). rhe CPS is a 950 MV nuclear-fueled, electric generating j station. The station utilizes a once-through cooling system. Circulating water is withdrawn from the North Fork arm of Clinton Lake, passes through the CPS condenser, flows through a 5.0 km (3.1 mi) discharge flume, and is discharged to the Salt Creek arm of the lake (Figure 1). Clinton Lake is a 1.981 ha (4,895 a) impoundment which was built to provide cooling water for the CPS (Table 2). The lake was formed by an earthen dam constructed 366 m (400 yd) downstream from the confluence of Salt Creek and the North Fork. Dam construction was completed October 12, 1977, and Clinton Lake reached normal pool elevation, which is 210 m (690 ft) (Table 2), on May 17, 1978. The inundated valleys of the North Fork and Salt Creek resulted in an impoundment which is roughly V-shaped. The North Fork arm of the lake extends about 13 km (8 mi) and the Salt Creek arm 25.6 km (16 mi) from the dam. Clinton Lake has a storage capacity of 9.15 x 107 m 3 (74,200 acre ft) and an average depth of 4.6 m (15.2 ft). Most of the 209 km (130 mi) of shoreline is wooded. The valleys of the North Fork and Salt Creek were extensively wooded. Timber within the main lake basin was removed prior to lake filling; however, most of the vegetation was left intact in areas which became large coves. Clinton Lake and much of the surrounding land is leased to the ! I 1111nois Department of Conservation (IDOC). The IDOC has opened the area l l to the public for many recreational activities such as fishing, hunting, ) i swimming, hiking, cross-country skiing, camping, and boating. Fishing and the associated fisheries management program have ef fected the development l l 4
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.d L( ', . Table 2 Selected hydrological features of Clinton Lake, near Clinton, Illinois.
Parameter Metric English Surface area 1981 ha 4.895 a Average depth 4.6 m 15.2 ft Maximum depth 13.7 m 45 ft Shoreline length 209 km 130 mi 7 3 74,200 acre-ft Storage capacity 9.15 x 10 m 2 Watershed 766.6'km 296 mi Shoreline development 13.2* 13.2* Nomal pool elevation 210 m 690 ft Y 8 mi
- ' Length of North Fork are 12.8 km Length of Salt Creek arm 25.6 km 16 mi
- Number represents an index without units 1
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- of:the aquatic communities'in Clinton Lake. The sport fishery is managed j'. - in part by supplemental'steckings of native and experimental fish species.
Information from the EMP has been, and will continue to be, useful in the l I 4
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evaluation of the fisheries management programs. i j i . j' q l' ni T i.-- l 1
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{ c, ; i L I o Chapter 1 PERIPHYTON-by
-Ronald L. Willmore Environmental Monitoring Program, Clinton Power Station I. Preoperational Report 1978-1986
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L TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page
.i 1.111 I 1.1 LIST OF FIGURES.....................................
1.2 LIST OF TABLES...................................... 1.v
1.3 INTRODUCTION
........................................ 1.1 1.4 METHODS AND_ MATERIALS............................... 1.2 )J 1.5 RESULTE AND DISCUSSION............................... 1.5 1.5.1 Clinton Lake................................... 1.5 Periphyton Habitat....................... 1.5 Community Composition.................... 1.5 Total Periphyton Densities............... 1.16 Euphotic Zone............................ 1.16 Ch lo rophyl l a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16 Species Diversity........................ 1.23 1.5.2 Salt Creek..................................... 1.25 Periphyton Habitat....................... 1.25 Co mmun i t y Co mp o s i tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 Total Periphyton Densitie s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I'.39 Ch lo r ophy l l a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.39 Species. Diversity........................ 1.43 1,46 1.6 S UMMARY AND CON CLUS IONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7 REFERENCES
CITED.................................... 1.48
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.j Chapter 2 PHYTOPLANKTON t
by Rona'id L. Willmore Environmental Monitoring' Program, Clinton Power Station Preoperational Report 1978-1986 i i i l i
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1 l. 1' TABLE OF CONTENTS i l Section Title Page 2.1 LIST OF FIGURES..................................... 2.111 2.2 LIST OF TABLES...................................... 2.v
2.3 INTRODUCTION
........................................ 2.1
- 2.4 METHODS AND MATERIALS............................... 2.3 2.4.1 Phytoplankton Co11ection....................... 2.3 2.4.2 Phytoplankton Analysis......................... 2.6
'2.5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.............................. 2.8 2.5.1 Clinton Lake................................... 2.8 Results..................................... 2.8 Community Composition.................... 2.8 Phytoplankton Densities.................. 2.22 Cluster analysis - Coefficient of
- Similarity.......................... 2.25 Species Diversity........................ 2.31 Euphotic 4one............................ 2.31 Primary Productivity..................... 2.35 Chlorophyll a............................ 2.35 Discussion.................................. 2.38 2.5.2 Stream Sites................................... 2.47 Results..................................... 2.47 Community Composition.................... 2.47 Phytoplankton Densities.................. 2.58 Cluster Analysis - Coefficient of Similarity.......................... 2.61 Species Diversity........................ 2.61 Euphotic Zone............................ 2.61 Primary Productivity..............s,..... 2.66 Chlorophyll a............................ 2.66 Discussion.................................. 2.66 2.6
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS............................. 2.70
2.7 REFERENCES
CITED.................................... 2.73 1, 2.11 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ ]
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Chapter 3 ZOOPLANKTON by Thomas V. Clevenger Environmental Monitoring Program, Clinton Power Station Preoperational Report 1978 - 1986 1
l l L l TABLE of CONTENTS Title Page Section LIST of ............. 3.111 ! 3.1 FIGURES......................... 3.vii 3.2 LIST.of TABLES......................................... 3.1
3.3 INTRODUCTION
METHODS AND MATERIALS.................................. 3.3 3.4 RESULTS and DISCUSSION................................. 3.5 3.5 3.5.1 Clinton Lake Communities Annual Mean Densities........................ 3.5 Taxonomic Composition - Overview............. 3.13 Rotifera..................................... 3.13 Copepoda..................................... 3.40 C1adocera.................................... 3.56 Species Diversity............................ 3.73 Cluster Analysis............................. 3.76 3.5.2 Stream Communities Annual Mean Densities........................ 3.83 Taxonomic Composition - Overview............. 3.86 Rotifera..................................... 3.93 Copepoda..................................... 3.125 C1adocera.................................... 3.125 Species Diversity............................ 3.127
SUMMARY
and CONCLUSIONS........................... 3.135
3.6 REFERENCES
CITED.................................. 3.138 3.7 I W 3.11 i i
Chapter 4 BENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATES by Thomas V. Clevenger Environmental Monitoring Program, Clinton Power Station Preoperational Report 1978 through 1986 I l l i _ _j
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4.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Pm 4.1 LIST OF FIGURES........................................ iii 4.2 LIST OF TABLES......................................... vii 1
4.3 INTRODUCTION
1 4.4 METHODS AN') MATEPIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4.5- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................. 4.5.1 Clinton Lake Benthos.................... .... 3 Overview of Clinton 1.ake Benthic Fauna....... 4 Successional Changes......................... 16 Species Diversity............................ 22 Oligochaeta.................................. 24 Chaoborus punctipennis....................... 49 Corbicula f1umines........................... 51 Chironomidae................................. 53 4.5.2 Salt Creek Benthic Macroinvertebrates........ 63 Description of Salt Creek Benthic Habitat.... 64 Overview of Salt Creek Benthic Fauna......... 64 Species Diversity and Cluster Analysis....... 79
- Oligochaeta.................................. 79 Chironomidae................................. 98 Trichopter.a and other taxa................... 133 141 4.6
SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS................................ 144
4.7 REFERENCES
CITED....................................... l l l l 4.11
p-V ,.. .,.. (: . 1 I t ,- Chapter 5 FISFERIES by
. M. Stephen Pallo Environmental Monitoring Program, Clinton Power Station Preoperational Report 1978-1986 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
.. Section Title Pane 5.1 LIST of FIGURES................................... 5.111 5.2 LIST of TABLES..................................... 5.iv
5.3 INTRODUCTION
....................................... 5.1 5.4 METHODS and MATERIALS.............................. 5.3
.5. 5 RESULTS and DISCUSSION............................. 5.9 5.5.1 Clinton Lake.................................. 5.9 Sample Site Descriptions................. 5.9 Fish Stocking............................ 5.14 Fish Community........................... 5.16 Cluster Analysis - Coefficient of Similarity............. ................. 5.25 Life History. Information fo- Selected Specier........... ........................... 5.29 White crappie............................ 5.33 Largemouth bass.......................... 5.45 Bluegi11............'..................... 5.60 Wa11 eye.................................. 5.64 Hybrid striped bass...................... 5.70 Tiger muske11unge........................ 5.77-Common carp.............................. 5.82 Gizzard shad............................. 5.84 5.5.2 North Fork and Salt Creek..................... 5.88 5.6 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT............................... 5.102 5.7
SUMMARY
and CONCLUSIONS............................ 5.102
5.8 REFERENCES
CITED................................... 5.106 5.11 ) l-l l J
__- - _ - _ _ _ = _ .. -. -. _ _ _ Attachment A'
.* 0-600-422'-
LO4-88(03/30)-L 80.140
, J /LLINO/S POWER COMPANY. ',-} T $ 'f j 500 SOUTH 27TH STREET, DECATUR. ILLINOIS 62525 1805' l
March 30, 1988 Ms'. Pat Lindsey Compliance Assurance Specialist Division of Water Pollution Control Illinois Environmental Protection Agency 2200 Churchill Road Springfield, Illinois 62706
Dear Ms.' Lindsey:
Clinton Power Station Environmental Monitoring Program Preoperational Biological Report 1978 - 1986 In accordance with Special Condition No. 9 of NPDES Permit ILOO36919, enclosed please find'two complete 7-volume sets of the referenced final report. ' This report sunraarizes the~ findings, conclusions,- and recommendations resulting from the monitoring of the periphyton,.
- phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, and fisheries in Clinton Lake over the referenced time: period. It comprehensively characterizes the condition of the lake with respect to these resources prior to the release of warm-water discharges from the station.
The Field Biology Section (James A. Smithson, Supervisor) of the Environmental Affairs Department was responsible for the performance of these investigations. Should you have any questions 'regarding 'the enclosed report, please feel free to contact Mr. Smithson at 217-424-6475. Sincerely, ILLIN0IS POWER COMP NY g; ., f u Thomas L. Davis, P.E.
<. Supervisor - Environmental Engineering TLD18:pfs enclosure 1
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