ML20085M497

Environ Monitoring Program 1980 Annual Rept

ML20085M497
Person / Time
Site:	Robinson
Issue date:	12/31/1980
From:	Ball L, Hogarth W, Ward B CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT CO.
To:
References
RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, NUDOCS 9111110062
Download: ML20085M497 (185)

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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY SECTION CD&L 9111110062 B01230 PDR NUREG 1437 C PDR

I I H. B. ROBINSON STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM I 1980 ANNUAL REPORT I Prepared By:

C. W. Anderson - Chemical Limnology J. 3. Donaghy - Statistics D. D. Herlong - Physical Limnology and Benthos M. A. Mallin - Primary Productivity, Phyto and Zooplankton D. H. Schiller - Aquatic Vegetation T. H. Tarplee, Jr. - Fisheries W. T. Brysen - Editor September 198:

I Reviewed and Approved by:

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Principal 5ciericist w Sg6% y

~ Principal Scientist Biology Unit Analytical-Materials Unit I This report was prepared under my supervision and direction, and I accept the responsibility for its centent.

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Manager "

Environmental Technology Section I

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Acknowledgments l

Messrs. Gary Bigelow. Gerald McGowan, and Ben Tobin contributed much of the laboratory processing of samples for this report. The CP&L Analytical l Chemistry Laboratory furnished analyses of all water samples. Mr. Paillip B.

Summers reviewed the chemical limnology section. l l

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I I Table of Contents I Page A c kno wl e d gm e n t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii L is t o f T a b l e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi I Li s t o f Fi g ur e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Summary..................................................... xiv 1.0 I N TR O D U C TIO N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 I 2.0 2.1 PHY SI C A L LIM NO LOG Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

In t r o d uct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2- 1 2- 1 2.2 Methods.............................................. 2- 1 2.3 R e sult s and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 1 2.3.1 Monthly Temperature Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 I 2.3.2 2.4 Monthly Dissolved Oxygen Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 2 S um m a r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 3.0 CH EMIC A L LIM NOLOG Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 1 3.1 In t r od uct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.2 M e th od s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.3 R e sult s and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3.4 I 4.0 Summary............................................. 3- 4 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND PHiTOPLANKTON . . . .. . . 4-1 4.1 In tro d ucti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.2 Primary Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 1

< I 4.2.1 4.2.2 M e t h od s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

R esult s and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4- 1 4-2 4.3 P h yt o pl a nkt o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 3 4.3.1 Methods.............................................. 4- 3 4.3.2 R esults and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 P5vtoplankton Taxa and Densities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Species Richness and Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Ef f ects of Power Plant Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 111

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I Table of Contents (continued)

Pace 4- 6 4.4 S u m m a ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5- 1 5.0  :' O O P L A N K T O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5- 1 5.1 In tr od uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w 5- 1 5.2 M e t ho d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.3 Re sult s and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5.3.1  :' 9 plankton Species and Population Densities . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 Species Richness and Diver sit y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 5.3.2 "

5- 5 5.4 Po we r Plant Ef f e ct s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6- 1 6.0 BENTHOS.............................................

6- 1 6.1 In t r o d u c t io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6- 1 5.2 Methods.............................................

6.3 Result s and Discussio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6.3.1 R obinson im poundment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 Taxa Richness . . . . . . . .................................6-2 De nsit y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..............................6-2 D_1yfrsity .............................................6-3 6.3.2 Bl a ck C r eek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 7- 1 7.0 FI SH E R I E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.1 In t r o d uct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 1 .

7.2 Fish Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 1 l 7.2.1 Intr od uct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7- 2 7.2.2 M e th o d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.2.3 Result s and Discus sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 Species Co mposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 E

G i ll N e tt i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 2 E Seining ................................................ 7-3 E l ect ro f i shin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 F y k e N e t t in g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6 7.3 Standing Cr op Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6 7.3.1 In t ro d u ct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3.2 M e t h o d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -7 I

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I Table of Contents (continued)

Page I 7.3.3 7.4 R e sult s and Discus sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grewth Studies and Size Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-7 7-9 7.4.1 I n tr o d uct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 9 7.4.2 M e t h o d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 10 7.4.3 R esult s and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 10 7.3 Fish R epr oduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 11 7.3.1 In t r o d u ct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 1 1 7.3.2 M e tho d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 1 7.3.3 R esult s and Discus sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 11 S h ore lin e A r e a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 1 1 O pe n W a t er A r e a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 13 7.6 lehthyoplankton Entr ainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-l 3 I 7.6.1 7.6.2 I n t r o d uct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 13 M e th od s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 13 7.6.3 R esults and Discus sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 13 7.7 Fi sh Im pin g e m en t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 16 7.7.1 I n t r o d u ct i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 16 7.7.2 Methsds..............................................7-16 7.7.3 R e sult s -snd Discus sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 16 8.0 AQ U A TIC VEG E T ATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 1 8.1 I n t r o d u ct io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 1 8.2 M e th o d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 1 8,3 R esult s and Discus sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 I 8.4 $Ummary............................................. 8- 3 9.0 LIT ER A TU R E CIT ED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9- 1 A p pe n d i x A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A- 1 1980 Robinson impoundment Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Data A p pe n di x 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B- i 1980 Robinson Impoundment Water Chemistry Analyses . . . . . . B-2 1980 Robinson impoundment Water Chemistry Summary S t a t i s tic s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B- 6 I V E

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I I 1.lst of Tables Table Page 1.1 Robinson impoundment 1950 biological monitoring program ..... 1-2 3.1 Statistically significant trend analyses for Robir. son impoundment surface water chemistry,1973 through 1980 . . . . . 3-6 3.2 Statistically significant seasonal trend analyses for Robinson Impoundment surface water chemistry,1973 through 1980...................................................3-7 3.3 Statistically significant comparisons of Robinson I Impoundment inflowing waters to downstream surface stations,197 9 through 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 I 4.1 Surf ace water temperatures (in C) by station Lt I Robinson impoundment taken in conjunction with plankton samples during 1930 ..................................... 4-9 4.2 Seasonal comparisons among stations and years at Robinson impoundment for primary productivity measurements . . . . . . . . . 4-10 I

4.3 Phytoplankton species identified from Robinson Impoundment January 1980 through December 19S0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 4.4 Population densities of important phytoplankton species and groups h for Robinson Impoundment daring 1980 ... 4-13 4.3 Phytoplankton species richness values by station for I Robinsor. Impoundment during 1980......................... 4-14 l 4.6 Phytoplankton Shannon-Weaver diversity index values for Robinson Impoundment during 19S0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 1

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1.ist of Tables (continued)

I Table Pete 3.1 Zooplankton species identified from Robinson impoundment January through December 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 5.2 Zooplankton species richness values by station for Robinson 'mpoundment January through December 1980. . . . . 5-8 5.3 Zooplankton Shannon ",'eaver diversity index values by station for Robinson impoundment January through December g 1980 ................................................. 3. 5 6.1 Robinson impoundment and Black Creek benthic taxa list 1980 ................................................. 6-6 6.1 RC son impoundment and Black Creek benthic taxa list by station 1 9 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6- 1 0 6.3 Number of taxa, density, and diversity benthos summaries I

f rom Ro' 'nson Impoundment f or 19S0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 2

6.4 Results of ANOVAs on average daily density (no/m )

and number of taxa Sollected in Robinson !mpoundment duriig 1979,1980, and 1976 through 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6- 14 m

7.1 Common and scientific names of fishes collected from Robinson Impoundment . . . . . ......................... 7-00 7.2 Fishes collected with .100-foot experimental gill nets from Robinson impoundment during 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 2 2 7.3 Fishes collected by seinlag from Robinson impoundment during 1 9 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 2 4 7.f. Fishes collected per hour of electrofishing from Robinson impoundment during 19 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 2 6 I

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I List of Tables (continued) lable Page 7.5 Waller-Duncan K-ratio t-tests for 1980 electrofishing catch comparing sampling quarters and L .ations . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2S 7.6 Waller-Duncan K-ratio t-tests for electrofishing catch comparing locations and years by season (quarter) . . . . . 7-29 I 7.7 Results of Waller-Duncan K-ratio t-tests for eier. ofishing catch of chain pickerel comparing I seasons (quarters) and years by sample location . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30 7.8 Fishes collected with fyke nets from Robinson

'mpoundment ~.a.ing November 19 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 31 I 7.9 Fishes collected by cove rotenone sampling from the headwaters area of Robinson Impoundment (Station G4) ... .. 7-32 7.10 Fishes collected by cove rotenone sampling from the apper area of Robinson impoundment (Station GI) . . . . . . . . . . 7-33 7.11 Fishes collected by cove rotenone sampling from the I middle area of Robinson Impoundment (Station EI) . . . . . . . . . 7-34 7.12 Fishes collected by cove rotenone sampling from the lower area of Robinson Impoundment (Station Al, 1974-1979; Station A3, 19 8 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 15 7.13 Number of taxa and mest abundant taxa collected from Robinson Impoundment with plexiglass !arval fish traps during 1 9 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 3 6 I 7.14 Duncan's multiple range comparison of plexiglass la rval tra p ca tch ra tes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37 7.15 Number of taxa and most abundant taxa collected from Robinson Impoundment with 0.5m push nets during 1980 ..... 7-38 I viii I .

I List ;f Tables (continued)

Table Page 7.16 Duncan's multiple range comparison of push net catch rates. 7-39 I

7.17 Ichthyoplankton entrain tent at the Robinson Unit 2 intake d i -i : g 19 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 4 0 7.13 Fghes impinged on the Robinson Plant intake screens I

during 19 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 1 8.1 Macrophytes observed at Robinson Impoundment,1980 . . . . . . 3-4 .

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I List of Figutes

-g 5 Figure Page 1.1 Robinson impoundment sampling stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 I 2.1 Representative isotherms in Robinson Impoundment for January and February 1 9 3 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 4 2.2 Representative isotherms in Robinson impoundment for March and April 1980.....................................2-3 I. 2.3 Representative isotherms in Robinsoc. Impoundment for May and June 1 9 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 6 2.4 Representative isotherms ia Robinson impoundment for July and August 1930.....................................2-7 I 2.3 Representative isotherms in Robinson Impoundment for September and October 1980 .............................. 2-3 2.6 Representative isotherms in Robinson impoundment for November and December 1980 . . . . . 4 ....................... 2-9 4.1 Quarterly primary productivity values in mg C/m 2/ day by station for Robinson impoundment during 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 16 4.2 Phytoplankton classes as percents of total phytoplankton population densities for Robinson Impoundment in 1980 . . . . . . . . 4-17 4.3 Phytoplankton total population densities in no./ml for-Robinson Impoundment in 1 9 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4- 1 8 4.4 Phytoplankton population densities in no./mi for the

( principal algal classes in Robinson Impoundment in 1980 . . . . . . . 4- 19 3.1 Total zooplankton population densities in no./ml at Robinson Impoundment during 1980......................... 5-10

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I List of Figures (continued)

Fleure Pave 5.2 Major taxonomic groups as percent of yearly total zooplankton I.

collected at Rcbinson impoundment during 1980.............. 5-11 5.3 Total zooplarkton population densires in no./m 3 I

by station at Robinson impoundment daring 1980 ............. 5-12 7.1 Average weight of selected species collected by cove rotenone sampling in the Robinson impoundment headwater area (Station G4),1977 through 1980........................ 7-42 7.2 Average weight of selected species collected by cove rotenone sampling in the Robinson upper impoundment g area (Station Gl),1974 tnrough 1980........................ 7-43 5 7.3 Average weight of selected species collected by cove rotenone sampling in the Robinson mid-impoundment area (Station El),1974 through 1 9 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7- 4 4 7.4 Average weight of selected species collected by cove rotenone sampling in the Robinson lower impoundment area (Stations Al, A3),1974 through 1 9 8 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 5 mm 7.5 Catch rates of darters by plexiglass larval fish traps in Robinson impoundmerit by week, April through August 1980..,7 46 j 7.6 Catch rates of sunfishes by plexiglass larval fish traps in Robinson impoundment by week, April through August 1980.. 7-48 7.7 Catch rate of all taxa by plexiglass larval fish traps in Robinson impoundment by week, April through August 1980.. 7-30 7.8 Catch rates of darters by push nets in Robinson Impoundment by week, April threagh August 1980 ........................ 7-52 7.9 Catch rates of sunfishes by push nets in Robinson impoundment by week, April through August 1930 ........................ 7-53 Xi I

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I List of Figures (continued)

Figure Page 7.10 Catch rates of all taxa by push nets in Robinson impoundment by week, April through August 1980 ........................ 7-34 8.1 1980 Robinson impoundment aquatic vegetation s mpling lo c a t io n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 6 8.2 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions I (t r ans e ct A-e as t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7 1980 Robinson impoundrrent vegetational distributions 8.3 (tr ansect A-w es t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 8 8.4 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t r ant e ct B-e as t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9 8.5 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t r ans e ct B-w e s t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 10 I 8.6 1980 Robinson impoundment veletational distributions I 8.7 (t r an se ct C-e as t ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 1 1 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t ransect C-w est) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 12 I 8.8 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions

( transect D -e as t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 13 8.9 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t r an sect D-w es t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 14 8.10 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions I

(transect D A-e as t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3- 13 8.11 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t r anse ct D A-w es t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 16 I xii I _

List of Figures (continued)

I Figure Page 8.12 1980 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distilbutions

( t r a ns e ct E- e a s t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 17 8.13 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t ransect E-w est) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 18 8.14 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t r anse ct F-e ast) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 19 8.15 1980 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions ,

(t ransect F-w est) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 20 8.16 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t r a nse ct G -e as t ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 21 8.17 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (t r ansect G -w est) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8- 2 2 i-en B

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Ei 3

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SUMMARY

Water temperatures in Robinson impoundment in 1980 were generally lowu than in previous ye ars. l.ower temperatures resulted primarily because of outages and periods of reduced power of Unit 2.

Dissolved oxygen levels were similar to previous years, with uniform levels in the spring and f all. The stratification which normally occurs in the.

deeper areas in summer was gen 2 rally lacking, again because of reduced power from Unit 2.

Water chemistry data showed Robinson water to be sof t, acidic, low in nutrients and alkalinity, and similar to other blackwater lakes.

Comparisons of inflowing Black Creek waters to impoundment surf ace water stations (A and D from 1979 through 1930 showed increased copper, calcium, and pH and decreased chloride.

Primary productivity was f airly low which is characteristic of an I oligotrophic blackwater system. Productivity was higher in the mid and lower impoundment than in the upper impoundment. Similarly, total phytoplankton densities were moderate throughout the year except for a decline in April and May. Densities,like productivit' cre greater at lower impoundment stations than at upper impoundment stations.

Zooplankton densities were moderate and dominated largely by cope-pods and rotif ers. Densities were similar at lower impoundment stations, while densities at upper impoundment stations were sometimes lower.

Species richness values and Shannon-Weaver diversity values were moderate and did not differ much among stations.

Benthos in the Robinson Impoundment showed an increase in both density and taxa richness in 1930 compared to previous years. Station rankings were similar to previous years (generally F and G were similar and higher inan A and E), except that El had highest mean densities. This I ranking of El was biased because of a single large collection of one chironomid genus.

xiv I _ - - -- -

Fisheries studies showed species composition similar to time of previous years. Populations increased over those found in previous years, and spawning and survival was good for most species. No data indicated g) 5 .

adverse changes in fish populations in 19S0. While there was some localized J attraction and avoidance of the thermal discharge, there w w little overall effect from plant operation on impoundment fish populations.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

3 I. Environmental monitoring has been conducted at the H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant since 1973. Results of monitoring through 1979 have been presented in published reports (CP&L 1976a.1976b,1979a,1979b,1980a,1980b). The 1980 monitoring program, approved by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, was conducted at previously established stations (Figure 1.1). The 1980 program was similar to that of 1979, except that phytoplankton and zooplankton monitorirm were initiated, and insect emergence traps and continuous I temperature recorders were discontinued. In addition to the continuing monitoring studies, special studies were conducted in 1930 to evaluate the causes of reduced recruitment and deformities in the bluegill populations of the resewoir (LMS 1930; CP&L and LMS 1981). Monitoring studies and a bicassay to evaluate the deformities continued in 1931.

This report contains the results of the 1930 environmental monitoring program.

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I Table 1.1 1980 Robinson impoundment biological monitoring program Study Freauency Lncation I

Water Chemistry Quarterly A 2,E 3,G 2,H,1 Water Quality Monthly Stations 1,2,&3 at A,B,C, C A,D DA,E plus F,G,H, 1,K Primary Productivity Quarterly A 2,E 3,G 2 Phyttplankton Monthly A2,C2,D2,E2,F2,G2 Cooplankton Monthly A2,C2,D 2,E 2,F2,G 2 Macroinvertebrates Quarterly Ponar at A1,A2,El,E3,F1, F2,G1,G2; substrates at H ,1,K Fish Gill Net Quarterly A1 A3,El,E3,F1,F3,G1,G3 E Electrofishing Quarterly + September & October Quarterly 5

Seine Larval Traps and Weekly, April-August; Two days " .

Larval Push Nets each, February and Naumber "

Standing Crop Annually A l , A 3,E l ,G 1,G 4 Fyke Net Trial basis A,E,F,G Entrainment Weekly, April-August; Two days 3 each, February and November intake g Impingement Fourteen times during year; dates Intake based on analysis of prior year's ,

sampling .

I Aquatic Vegetation Annually A,8,C,D,D A,E,F,G I

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l-2 E

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lI

u. s.1 2.5 km

\

r con o Trame G I

5

1. ~

TrumaetF Tram.ct E I o

' "~

os.cs .r4 3

\

b' Tran .et o j 1 2 iC ansact CA 11 I \d 2

• ' Trnw et c

.r g /

N '

1

~

- Tren..et s

'I H. a. no um b 2

! *~t A p

I 21 0  % 1 2 9 . Trans=ctt >*

Kilom.tsrs I Tnns.et K b 2 km Blacx Creen Figure 1.1 Robinson Impoundment sampling stationa.

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2.0 PHYSICAL LIMNOLOGY 2.1 Introduction Water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DD) data for Robinson Impound-ment for 1972-1979 studies can be found in prc.vious reports (CP&L 1976b,1979a, 1980a). This chapter will present data for 1980.

2.2 Methods Field surveys were taken monthly alorg established transects at designated stations (Table 1.1, Figure 1.!). Temperature and DO were recorded for the surface and each I m interval with a Hydrolab inc., TDO-2 meter. Sampling and I calibration followed procedures established by the CP&L Environmental Tech-nology Section.

2.3 Results and Discussion.

?.3.1 Monthly Temperature Surveys Temperature and DO data for 1980 are given in Appendix A. Figures 2.1 to 2.6 show representative isotherms for tne date sampled during each month and the percentage operating capacity five days prior to sampling. The figures show that when Unit 2 was near full operatiun, Robinson impoundment became stratified in the areas of transects E, DA, and D. The ermally enhanced water was usually confined to the upper 2-3 meters of these areas. The depth of mixing was affected by many factors. including the number of circulating water pumps operating, wind direction (and speed) and amount of cooler, denser water flowing in from Black Creek (ambient conditions).

Transect A was well mixed, of ten exhibiting uniform temperatures from I- surface to bottom. This condition was mostly caused by the circulating water pumps as well as mixing by wind action and insolation.

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I Areas above SR346 (transects F and G) received only occasional influence I

from thermal discharges. These upper impoundment areas were affected only when southerly winds would cause discharge water to flow north through the small bridge opening in the causeway that crosses the impoundment. When this occurred, the warmer water stratified over the cooler bottom water confining mixing to the 3 l upper 2 m or less of water. This flow pattern has been documented in earlier

reports (CP&L 1976b,1979a,1930a).

Ura 1, which has considerably less generating capacity than Unit 2 (21% of total plant capacity versus 79% fo Unit 2), had little effect on impoundment waters. During August (Figure 2.4), when Unit 2 was of f-!!ne, some slight layering occurred. This layering probably was caused by natural warming (insolation),

especially since " blackwater" is known to absorb more solar energy and August is usually the period of highest atmospheric temperatures.

Maximum water temperature recorded durin=, the monthly surveys was g 36.0 C (96.8 F) on June 25, 1980, and again on July 7,1980, at E3 (Appendix A). 3 Minimum temperature recorded was 5.3 C (41.5 F) at G2 on January 8,1930.

2.3.2 Monthly Dissolved Oxygen Surveys Dissolved oxygen (DO) data for 1980 are in Appendix A. These profiles indicate Robinson Impoundment had well mixed DO throughout during the confer en months (January through April and September through December). During the g warmer months (May through August), stratification occurred in areas of the impoundment near the bottcm where little or no mixing occurred. For July and August, weather conditions and normal ambient conditions (compare water temper-ature at G2 and A3) seemed to have caused the lack of mixing with water of higher DO content.

Transect E, because it was influenced by discharge turbulence and had relatively shallow depths over most of the transect, v.as well mixed except during August at El. Station Ei is at the deepest area of the transe:t (4 m) representing gs the old creek hannel and is only a small area of the total volume present. The B high DO levei from other areas of the transect maintained themselves despite the f act mat transect E is usually the area of greatest thermal enhancement.

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2. 4 Summary Water temperatures in Robinson impoundment were affected by the operation of Units 1 and ?. Because Unit 2 produces appr:ximately 79'V3 of the maximum available plant capacity, its operation has the greatest impact on water tempera-tures. During 1980, Unit 2 had several outages and periods of reduced power.

During these outages, stratification was reduced or eliminated when compared to conditions during the normal operation of Unit 2. The amount of stratification

. could have been affected by wind speed and direction, ambient water and air temperatures, and rainf all.

Dissolved oxygen levels were found to be similar to previous years in that uniform DO occurred during fall and spring with summer stratification causing g some areas with DO below 4.0 mg/i to occur near tne bottom at certain stations.

3 The lack of a strong thermocline during late summer, as a res,J1t of the Unit 2

o. educed the density gradient seen in the past and allowed mixing in most of

' column.

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E DA D CA C B A 0

/ w/

-21  % y gg v x j 3*

l N N

'N g

'[ 6mg f B g

January 8,1980 5

% Plant Capacity (net gener.)

4 6 7 K 8*

3 Date 5 8 Unit 1 50 off N Unit 2 98 98 96 98 100 12m rana F DA D CA C B A

' 9' 7 W/ f ]/

QY, .,

l it=% / '33 Nj "x --.

j ew  %

3m 3 N / l ir g

/ 6m a e i February 18,1930

% Pir..t Capacity (net gener.)

Date 14 15 16 17 18

\ e y f 95 Unit 1 76 70 59 80 86 Unit 2 96 96 96 94 96 KN .

12m km j 1 ,?  ?,

M0 2 Figure 2,1 Representative isotherms in Robinson Impoundment for January and F(burary 1980.

2-4 I

E

I E DA O CA Transec; e g 0

I.

" y st e

\ 3m I

\N 6mp f

March 25,1980 N

% Plant Capacity (net gener.)

9m Date 21 22 23 24 25 Unit 1 80 84 81 79 73 Unit 2 , off ,

• 12m E DA D CA Transect C 9 A 0

/

I - /

3m I_

,,s

\N I \

3mi 3

April 16,1980 N I  % Plant Capacity

\ g Date 12 13 14 15 16 Unit 1 55 49 71 82 87 Unit 2 95 85 off I amo mo 1

i

?

\

3 2

12m Figure 2.2 Representative isotherms in Robinson Impoundment for March and April 1980, 2-5

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E DA D CA Transect C A A

g g 31' ) g

/, \_/

, ;s* ,

ix Am I 3m

=

m ' # ,.

y^'N'\ 2s I

N

\_ 6mk N A May 29,1980

% Plant Capacity (net gene Date 25 26 27 28 29 N 9m Unit 1 SE 67 69 74 85 \

Unit 2 33 33 33 34 34 h'

Ns \

I 12m I

E DA D CA Transect C B A 0

vj-sm2) # --

) l 3

\ 3m

% \ . _ _ . /

%./

' 27? i N N Sm l' [ W June 25,1980

% Plant Capacity (net gener.)

Date 21 22 23 24 25 ' 9" Unit 1 66 54 67 77 67 u e 2 e0 e7 ei e, e, I .

' 12m ai

• O t

?  ? E h

Figure 2.3 Representative isotherrns in Robinson impoundment for May and June 19S0 2-6 I

Il

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I E DA

/ /

33' D CA Transect C 9, A 0

32' I j' /

[ 3m

3 i- Nj I

Y

\v 5 l July 7,1980 sm; I  % Plant Capacity (net gener.)

N 9'

Date 3 4 5 6 7 N ~~

I Unit 1 84 90 88 91 88 Unit 2 - off 43

\' 30"

\

\

I 12m E DA D CA Tranut C 9 A g

- 3 3*- [ ~

, 2' N 3,. /

3m I  %

I x8 cmr e

August 13,1980 I  % Plan- Capacity (net gener.)

N M O

Date 9 10 11 12 13 9m Unit 1 75 76 84 76 93 Unit 2 , off 1m

.q i 2 3 W0 1 2 Figure 2.4 Representative isotherms in Robinson Impoundment for July and Aupst 1980.

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E DA D CA Transect C B A 0

2i' 20 21 22 23"

- 21*~ s22o\ g  ;  ; j 3m

\ l

( '{

\ I

\ ,  ;  ! E t *~h September 30,1980 i

% Plant Capacity (net gener.)

Date 26 27 28 29 30

'\ k {

Unit 1 68 36 off 52 70

\l '

Unit 2 F- off 12m I

Transect c A E 04 o CA a 0

/

w,L l

__ 78( /

• N P .

\ f 6m :.

M October 29,1980 N

% Plant Capacity (net gener.) ~

E E

Date 25 26 27 28 29 9m Unit 1 -off+ 32 H off ~ g Unit 2 3 17 25 39 62 3 em?  ! - 3

-12m l g

"O I h Figure 2.5 Representative isotherms in Robinson impoundment for September and October 1980.

2-8 E

=

I DA D CA Transect c g A I

E ,

_ is'- 2 /1 l 4

%M '

I -- %

x vv'" ,

,, m d 19*

\ 5-I November 11,19 N .s Sm y

% Plant Capacity (net gener.N)

Data 7 8 9 10 11 9m Unit 1 . off }go Unit 2 66 102 103 103 103

• 12m I

I __.

s E

u'

/N CA D NJ

/

CA a t C 3 A o

hs [ 13' 3m N

I -

13*

I 'Dscember 11,19 s

smi a

% Plant Capacity (net gener Date 7 8 9 10 11 9m I Unit 1 Unit 2 75 74 68 71 89 off

' 12m km C A N

m5 i i Figure 2.6 Representative isotherms in Robinson Impoundment for November and December 1980.

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I 3.0 CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY I 3.1 Introduct.on Water chemistry studies have been conducted at H. B. Robinson since April 1973. Data for the period 1973 to 1979 are reported in CP&L 1976b,1979a, and 1980a. Data collected in 1980 for the environmental monitoring program are discussed in this report. Additional data collected in 1980, as part of the investigstion of deformities and lowered recruitment of bluegill in Robinson impoundment, are included in CP&L and LMS (1981).

3.2 Methods Water chemistry samples were collected in February, May, August, and I November 1980 ' rom the surface and bottom of three impoundment stations (A2, E3. and G) and from surface stations on Black Creek above the impoundment (1) and below the impoundment (H)(Figure 1.1). Samples were collected with a nonmetallic Van Dorn style alpha bottle sampler, transferred to labeled plastic containers, and kept in a cool, dark area. Samples for mercury analyses were collected concurrently in treated glass bottles. All samples were returned to the CP&L Analytic:al Chemistry Laboratory for analyses. Chemical analyses followed recognized methods and procedures (APHA 1975; ASTM 197k; and U.S. EP A 1974, 19/9).

I A regression analysis was used to statistically analyze surface data collected between 1975 and 1980. Comparisons were made for the entire time period, as I well as on mean seasonal data (summer = July, August, and September; fall =

October, November and December; winter = 3anuary, February, and March; spring = April, May, and June). All parameters were required to have at least five data points. Comparisons were not made en parameters where the laboratory reporting limits had changed or the majority of values fell below the reporting limit. Secondly, 1980 data were combined with 1979 da ta to establish a comparative statistical base. Inflowing water was compared with impoundment and outflowing water (surface only) using a nonparametric sign test (for parameters with the majority of dsta below the reporting limit) and parametric paired t-tasts (fcr the rernainder of parameters). A significance level of 0.05 was used to determine if changes were occurring as water passed through the impoundment.

I 3-1 I

I 3.3 Results and Discussion Results of water chemistry analyses are presented in Appendix B, Part 1.

I Summary statistics are indicated in Appeadix B, Part II, and include calculated mean, minimum, and maximum values for each station and depth.

Impoundment waters were acidic with a pH range of 4.2 to 6.2. Alkalinity (as CACO3 ) was never reported above 0.5 mg/1, ano hardness (as CACO3) ranged between 4.6 mg/l and 12 mg/1.

Minimum and maximum nutrient concentrations included: total phosphate (as P), 0.01 mg/l to 0.09 mg/1; total orthophosphate (as P), 0.01 mg/l to 0.01 mg/1; total Kjeldahl nitrogen (as N), 0.02 mg/l to 0.97 mg/1; and nitrate-nitrite (as N),

0.01 mg/l to 0.1 mg/1. Nitrogen to phosphorous ratios indicated phosphorous limiting conditions.

Generally, all solids parameters (total, dissolved, suspended, and volatile) were reported below 100 mg/1. Carrespondingly, turbidity ranged from 1.6 NTU to g 12 NTU; total calcium from 0.40 mg/l to 2.S mg/1; total magnesium from 0.39 mg/l B to 1.2 mg/1; and total sodium from 1.0 mg/l to 2.4 mg/1. The lo vest value of total iron reported was 0.13 mg/1, while a high of 2.8 mg/l was noted in a sample that may have contained bottom sediments, u

Total arsenic, cadmium, chromium, hexavaient chromium, lead, zinc, and nickel, and dissolved nickel and zine were never found above their respective reporting limits. Total mercury concentrations were at the reporting limit (0.0001 mg/l) on several occasions at the station upstream of the impoundment as well as in the impoundment and downstream.

Total and dissolved copper concentrations were typically reported above 0.02 mg/l at stations influenced by plant discharge (E3, A2, and H).

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I The source of the copper has been attributed to the corrosion of the plant's I condenser systems; the effects of this copper have been extensively addressed by CP&L and LMS (1981). Ongoing studies investigating the elevated copper concen-trations and the ef fects on tne biota include a CP&L bioassay study and trace element investigations conducted by both CP&L and the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, CA (under contract to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Agen-cy).

Although total zine was never found above its reporting limit (0.05 mg/1),

theoretical calculated values ranged between 0.01 mg/l and 0.03 mg/l in areas affected by plant discharge (CP&L and LMS 1981). This estimate assumes that the copper (70%) ~zine (30%) alloy condenser system has corroded so that Zn++ has been proportionately introduced with Cu++.

Regression analyses of surface stations which showed significant changes over the time period from 1975 to 1980 are presented in Table 3-1. Sta tistically significant decreases are indicated for various solids parameters at all stations, as wel; as decreases in total alkalinity (as CACO3 ) at G and H; decreases in total phosphate (as P) at A2, H and G; a decrease la total manganese at E3; and an increase of sulfate at H. However, the low R values for the majority of "significant changes over time" indicate considerable scattering of the data.

Because the seasonal variations in water chemistry data were expected, comparisons of seasonal trends were also made. Statistical comparisons of surface stations snowing significant changes over time for each season are presented in Table 3-2. Results of seasonal comparisons were generally similar to trends indicated for the entire time period. Additionally, total calcium showed significant I decreases at several stations during several of the seasons. Seasonal comparisons 2

of trends resulted in higher R values (generally over 0.70). With the exceptiin of sulfate concentrations at Station H, the changes appeared to have occurred above l

and below the impoundment and were not unique to the impoundment water i chemistry.

Results of statistical tests comparing 1979-1930 chemistry data for inflowing water to impoundment (surface) and outf!owing waters are indicated in Table 3-3 (significant results only). Impoundment stations consistently influenced 5y plant i discharge (E3 and A2) had sipificantly lower chloride, and higher pH, total copper,

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I dissolved copper and total calcium, as compared to inflowing waters (I). Station G, usually not influenced by plant discharge, also showed significantly lower chloride I

concentrations than Station 1. However, pH, total copper, and dissolved copper M were similar to inflowing water, and total calcium was significantly lower.

The higher total and dissolved copper values in the area of the impoundment I

influenced by the discharge have been attributed to the corrosion of the plants' condenser systems (CP&L and LMS 1981). However, it is unclear what has caused the higher calcium and pH. Possible sources include agricultural runoff from large peach orchards adjacent to the west shore of the impoundment and south of SR-3%

or high primary productivity rates, as indicated in Section 3.0.

Station H, located below the impoundment dam and oelow the plant-yard drainage ditch, had the following statistical differences, as compared to inflowing g

water: chloride was lower, and total copper, dissolved copper, conductivity, g sulfate, magnesium, and iron were higher. Additionally, pH at Station H was similar to pH values of inflowing water, out significantly lower than impoundment wa ters.

As with impoundment stations influenced by plant discharge, total and dissolved copper increases at H are attributed to the corrosion of the condenser system. Changes in conductivity, sulfate, magnesium, and iron, and the fact that pH was significantly different from impoundment water, may be the result of one or more of several factors: changes in water chemistry resulting from turbulent N _

mixing as water is discharged from the impoundment; . ifluence of plant-yard E drainage; and/or low-level dam releases.

3 t. Summa ry I

The water chemistry characteristics of the Robinsen impoundment are, for the most part, typical of regional waters and are similar to values reported for other blackwater lakes. Robinson impoundment waters are sof t and acidic, with lev nutrient and alkalinity levels.

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g Changes in water chemistry characteristics in the entire study area since 3- 1975 include decreases in solids parameters and decreases in parameters associated with solids. Changes in impoundment water chemistry characteristics, in areas affected by plant discharge, include higher total copper, dissolved copper, ,)H, and calcium. Changes in water chemistry characteristics below the impoundment I spillway include higher total copper, dissolved copper, sulfate, conductivity, magnesium, and iron, and lower pH.

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Table 3.1 Statistically significant trend analyses for llobinson Irnpoundrnent surface water chernistry,1975 through 1980.

Station A2 E3 G 11 I I

Total solids * * * (-)/0.59 * * * (-)/0.74 * * * (-)/0.65 * * * (-)/0.31 * * * (-)/0.66 Total suspended solids * * (-)/0.26 * * * (- )/0. 4 0 * * (-)/0.30 * * (-)/0.29 * * (-)/0.32 Total volatile solids * * (-)/0.32 *~ (-)/0. 3 7 * (-)/0.25 * * (-)/0. 30 * (-)/0.28 Y Total dissolved

• solids * * (-)/0.34 * * * (-)/0.41 * (- )/0. 27 * * (-)/0.38 * * (-)/0.37 Total phosphate * (- ) /0.18 * (-)/0.18 *(-)/0.18 Total alkalinity * * (-)/0.32 * * (-)/0.31 Total manganese * (- )/0.22 Sa! fate * * ( + )/0.39 I

significance level (directior.)/It2 value

• significant at 0.05 level

• *significant at 0.01 level

• * *significant at 0.001 level

"+" indicates increasing trend

" " indicates decreasing trend 11 value indicated af ter "/"

g -

M MB M N m M M M M M

s M m m- -

M M m m m m m m m m M Table 3-2 Statistically significant seasonal trend analyses for llobinson imixmndrnent surface water clientistry,1975 through 1980.

Winter (January, Febiuary, March) _

A2 E3 G 11 I I

Total solids * (-)/0.83 * (-)/0.69 *(-)/0.65 Total dissolved solids **(-)/0.8t; * (- )/0.79 4*(-)/0.88 * (-)/0.70 * * (-)/0.92 Total volatile solids * (-)/0. 77 Total calcium * (-)/0.81 *(~)/0.82 * (-)/0.90 *(-)/0.81 * (-)/0.77 i'" Sulf ate "(+ )/0.69 Total iron a (-)/0.81 )

Spring (April, May, and June)

A2 E3 G H I Total solids * * (-)/0.85 * * (-)/0.82 * (-)/0.76 * (-)/0. 78 Total volatile solids * (- )/0.7ts liardness * * (-)/0.85 * (-)/0.68 To tal alkalinity * (-)/0.70 * * (-)/0.93 Total calciurn a (-)/0.t8 * * (-)/0.91

Table 3-2 (continued)

Suinmer (July, August, and September)

A2 E3 G  !! I

• * (-)/0.88 * * * (-)/0.9 5 * * (-)/0.95 * * * (-)/0.96 * (-)/0.8 3 Total solids l Total suspended solids * (- )/0. 73 Total volatile * (-)/0.73 * * (-)/0.93 * (-)/0.77 Total dissolved solids

• (-)/0.8 I ffardness * ( + )/0.79 Total alkalinity * (-)/0.74 Turbidity * (-)/0.68 * (- ) /0.76 Total phosphate * (-)/0. 70 a (-)/0.68

• (-)/0.65 u Total iron en Fall (October, Novernber, and December)

E3 G 11 I A2

• (-)/0.77 * (-)/0.72 * (-)/0.71 * (- )/0.68 Total solids Dissolved silica * (-)/0.87 * (-)/0.90

• ( + )/0. 77 Sulf ate

• (-)/0.79 liardness I

significance level (direction)/it2 value

'significant 0.05 level

• *significant at 0.01 level j *significant at 0.001 level

"+" indicates increasing trend

" " indicates decreasing trend

-2

{ lt value indicated af ter "/"

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M '

MM U'U U L _J Table 3-3 Statistically significant comparisons of Itobinson impoundment inflowing waters to downstreant surface statioas,1979 through 1980.

Station A2 E3 G 11 Lab pil *(+)I *(+)

Chloride **(-) *(-) *(-) *(.)

• • (+)

Sulf a te Ta inins/ lignins *(-)

• • • (,)

Total calcium **(+) ***(+) * * (- )

I Y ***(,)

'o Total copper ***(+) ***(,)

1)i3 solved copper *(+) *(+) *(+)

Total iron

• • (+)

Tot al **(+)

magnesium **(-)

• (s)

Conductivity Total phosphate * (-)

I significance level (directian)

• significant at 0.05 leve!

• *significant at 0.01 level a * *significant at 0.001 level

"+" indicates increasing trend

" " indicates decreasing trend

m i

4.0 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND PHYT 0 PLANKTON c

4.1 Introd"Ition

{

Ro'oinson impoundment is a uniqu2 system that is characterized by acidic,

, .galy co:oted waters with low nutrients and alkalinity (CP&L 1976b,1979a, f

J80a). ,, tems of this nature usua'ly have little primary productivity. This chapter investigates the state of the phytoplankton and what effects the power plant operatior has upon tr e phytoplankton. As part of this investigstion, field work included monthly phytopicnkton sampling for population densities and species compasition and quarterly primary productivity rate determinations in representa-I tive areas of the impoundment.

4.2 Pri;na.y Productivity 4.2.1 Methods Sampling for primary productivity rates was conducted on a quarterly basis during 1930 at Statione A2, E3, and G2. Station E3 is the station nearest the p!3nt o : charge, A2 is the main impoundment station f arthest from the discharge, and G2 represents the upper impoundment.

Replicate samples were collected with a nonmetallic Van Dorn-style samplet and incubate in light bottles for three to fo r hours during the day at surf ace, h ,

l 1, and 2-meter der m. A zero time control was used at each depth. After incubation, the samples were preserved with Lugol's iodine solution and retucned to the laboratory. Three aliquots of 10 mi from each bottle were filtered through 0.43 u Millipore filters, placed into scintillation vials, and counted in s liquid scintillation counter. Corrections for quenching, counter efficiency, and subtrac-tion of the zero time control filters from the light bottles were made. These were used to calculate hourly uptake rates at each depth. Integration of these measurements and of local solar radiation data was used to calculate a daily productior, rate for each station.

4-1

I 4.2.2 Results and Discusslon The primary productivity measu*e nents were conducted to determine wheth-er there cere any major dif f erences either among seasons or among various areas g of the lake. The results of the investigation are shown below and in Figure 4.1. 5 1980 Prirnrey Productivity Rates in mgC/m2/dav 5*.ation February May August Vovember Station siean A2 191.5 154. 2 276.0 341.9 240.9 E3 242.6 182.4 230.3 312.6 241.9

)

G2 14.7 31.3 60.1 4,7 32.7 i

The results above are characteristic of an oligotrophic system (Tetzej 1975).

The low productivity rates of Robinson impaundment are influenced by several characteristics of the water, including lou values for pH, alkalinity and nutrients, and highly colored water, all f actors which can limit productivity.

There were no significant dif f erences a+nong seasons f or mean impound:nent productivity ulues at any indnidual station (A2 E3, and G2). Temperatses never became high or low enough to adversely affect primary productivity during the four months sampled (Table 4.1).

Statistical treatment which included using a Duncan's multiple nnge test ,

indicated that productivity rates for Stations A2 and E3 were not significantly g different from each other at the 0.05 level, but rates for both of these statlors were significantly grea*er than those at G2. One f actor which may account f or the difference is the natu e of the environ nent at G2 as opposed to the lower or main impoundment. At G2, the waw is shallow, of ten flowing, and contains much debris e.nd aquatic macrophyte vegetation. The lower lake stations are ir. deep, open, slo ~ moving water, it l' tikely that the waters at G2 have no time 'o develop a table pt/toplankton population. Also, G2 receives its water directly from Black Creek, and streams generally have little phytoplankton productivity.

M os t stream primary produ~hity is in the f orm of periphyton or aquatic ma croph yt es, i Primary preductivity measu e nents were also taken during 1973 and 1979 (CP&L 1979a,19802). Measurements were taken inonthly in 1978 and during 4-2 l

. __- - .-_ -_ . = .

I I March, June, September, and Decernber in 1979. The memrements for tSose four months during 1978 and 1979 are compared with 1980 data In Table 4.2. The 1980 results were generally higher than both other years except for the third quarter I 1979 results, whicti were quite high. Productivity rates for 1979 and 1930 at the main i.apoundment stations were not significantly different at the 0.03 level, but rates for both of these years were significantly greater than those from 1978. A comparison of water temperatures indicates that thermal stress was likely a f actor in lowering productivity in 1978 during June and September. The reason for lower productivity rates in March and December 1973 is not clear.

Plant operations durir.g 1930 did not affect primary productivity in an adverse manner. The discharge area maintained productivity rates approximately equal to those at Station A2 overall, and there was no midsummer temperature stress on productivity. Also,1980 productivity rates were tither equal to or greater than those of 1973 and 1979.

I 4.3 Phytoplankton 4.3.1 Methods I Phytoplankton sampling of F.obinson impoundment was initiated in January 1980. Sampling was conducted on a monthly basis at Stations A2, C2, D2, E2, F2, and G2. Whole-water samples were drawn from three depths (surf ace, Secchi depth, and 2X Secchi depth) with a vertical Van Dorn style sampler, mixed in a bucket, and the phytoplankton sample was taken from the mixture. The sampics were preserved in the field with 1.ugol's solution (modified by adding formalin) and transported to the laboratory for analysis.

In the laboratory ear:h sample was mixed, and an allquot was poured into a 50-mi settling chamber. The sample was alluwed to settle for at least 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />.

Excess water was removed, and the lower sect!on of the chamber was mounted on an inverted microscope. Cell counts and identifications were conducted at 400X I magnification by examining 23 random fields. When necessary, a compound microscope and oil immersion were used to aid in identification. Taxonomic references included Smith (1950), Forest (1954), Cocke (1967), Whitford and Schumacher (1969), Tif f any and Britton (1971), and Prescott (1973),

.-3 I

I

I 4.3.2 Results and Discussion I

Phytoplankton Taxa and Densities The phytoplankton of Robinson Impoundment collected during 1980 consisted of representatives of eight algal classes (Table 4.1). Of these classes, only the Bacillariophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Chlorophyceae were important in both organism densities and numbers of individual species (Figure 4.2).

Total phytoplankton densities were generally moderate, ranging from $48 cells /mi in April to 11,489 cells /ml in February (Table 4.4). With the exception of a decline in April and May, organism density was f airly even throughout the year (Figu: e 4.3).

The Bacillariophyceae hd the greatest mean densities of the a! gal classes for 1980, with peaks in January through March and October through December.

Numbers were low from late spring through the early f all (Figure 4.4). Most of the Baci!!arlophyceae biomass consisted ?! Synedra nana, which maintained the highest numbers of any individual phytoplankter in 19SO.

The Chrysophyceae never dominated the phytoplankton during 1980. Peaks g were reached in January snd May with low to moderate numbers during the rest of E the year. Mallomonas acaroides was the only numerically important Chrysophyte, n

with its seasonal pattern roughly para!!eling that of the class, Chrysophyceae. g The Chlorophyceae dominated the population numerically in the summer months and were represented by the greatest number of individual species of all the cigal classes. Arthrodesmus incus had the greatest densities of the Chloro-phyceae, with high numbers year-round except for April and May. Sphaerczo<ma sp. had pulses in February and March and again from June through October.

Chlorella vulraris had peaks in January and February and again in September through December with low numbers March through July.

I 4-4 I

I a

l t

L_,

m The remainder of the algal classes contributed sery little to the phyto-plankton of Robinson impoundment. The dominance of the flora by the afore-rnentioned organisms and classes is likely a result of the unique, brown-water, acidic, low nutrient water quality. The Chlorophyceae are commonly kr'own to f avor low pH waters, where the acidic nature of the water allows them to out-compete groups such as the Myxophyceae for carbon uptake during metabolistn.

A Duncan's multiple range test was used to determine any statistically significant differences among sampling statiens for population density parameters.

For total phytoplankton, total Chlorophyceae, and total Bacillariophyceae popula-tions, densities for the four main impoundment nations A2, C2, D2, and E2 were I not significantly different at the 0.05 level. l'or those taxa grou',)s, F2 density was significantly lower than the main impoundment stations and G2 values were in turn significtmtly lawer than those at F2. There was no significant diff erence among any stations for total Chrysophyceae.

Reasons for lower phytoplankton population densities in the upper impound-ment have already been given in Section 4.2.2 daring the discussion of primary productivity rate station dif ferences. In additian to those dif ferei ces, coolet water temperatures at G2 during tne winter also probably contribute to lo.ver population densities.

Species Richness and Diversif f Species richness values, or the number of individual taxa identified at each station curing each sampling period are listed in Table 4.5. Values ranged from 3 in February at G2 to 20 at E2 during August, with an overall yearly average of 11.2.

In general, the species richness values are low. The values do not dif fe" greatly among stations, although stattore,, rear the r.:ischarge had slightly higher values than the other stations. Over the year higher values in the summer and lower values in winter were noted. Phytoplankton are of ten limited by light and temperature during the winter.

4-5

I I'

Shannon-Weaver diversity index values are shown in Table 4.6. Values varied considerably, ranging from 0.3 at D2 in December to 3.7 at G2 during April. Values below 1.0 are generally considered to be indicative of stress, while values greater than 3.0 are thought to be representative of unstressed conditions. Most Robinson g!

phytoplankton values for 1980 f all in between 1.0 and 3.0. The lowest values Dl occurred during November and December, perhaps resulting from thermal or light limitation. Except for April, the highest diversities were found during the summer me,n ths. The main impoundment stations generally had very similar diversities, with G2 having somewhat higher values. Higher G2 values probably result from the 1 combined lentic and lotic nature ef G2, which provides more niches for phyto- j plankton individual species, but is not conducive to large numbers of any one j organism.

Ef fects of Power Plant Operations Deleterious effects from power plant discharges were not evident for the g

phytoplankton of Robinson impoundment during 1980. Population densities and 3 species richness values at E2 were as high or higher than those of the other stations in both the upper and leuer impoundment. Diversities were higher in the upper impoundmen' lan the lower, but these were likely a function of the physical nature of the stations.

Water temperatures during the 1980 sampling periods stayed well within the limi's of phytoplankton tolerances. The lack of therrnal stress allowed phyto-plankton population densities to remain at moderate levels throughout the hottest part of the summer.

4.4 Summary During 1980, the Robinson Impoundment was sampled quarterly for primary I

productivity rates and monthly for phytoplankton population density and species composition. Stations A2, E3, and G2 were sampled for productivity and A2, C2, D2, E2, F2, and G2 were sampled for phytoplankton.

4-6 I

I n

I I Primary productivity values for 1930 were f airly low and characteristic of an oligotrophic system. Some reasons for the low values indude the following characteristics of the water: iow values for pH, alkalinity and nutrients, and highly colored water.

There were no significant seasonal dif ferences for primary productivity values. Values at A2 and E3 were not significantly different from each other, but were both tignificantly higher than values for G2. When productivity values for 1973,1979, and 1930 were compared,1979 and 1930 values were not significantly different, but values for both of these years were .ignificantly greater than those -

of 1973 at the 0.05 level.

I Total phytoplankton densities were generally moderate throughout the year except for a decline in April and May. Numerically, three algal classes dominated the phytoplankton: the Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Chrysophyceae. The I Bacillarlophyceae dominated in spring, f all, and winter, and the Chlorophyceae dominated in summer. The Chlorophyceae also contributed the greatest number of Individual species. Principal species during 1930 were Synedra nana for the Bacillariophyceae, Mallomenas acaroides for the Chrysophyceae, and -\rthodes:nus ,

incus, Sphaerososma sp., and Chlorella vulpris for the Chlorophyceae. The dominance of the Chlorophyceae was probably caused by the acidic nature of the water.

Ll Population densities for total phytoplankton, total Chlorophyceae, and total

& Bacillariophyceae were significantly greater for all four main impoundment sta-tions (A2, C2, D2, and E2) than for F2. In turn, F2 values were significantly greater than those of G2.

I Species richness values v generally low, with values during the warmer months greater than values / ...g the cooler months, and values at the warmer stations greater than those at the cooler stations. Diversities were generally moderate, with greater values in the summer and greater values in the upper impoundment as opposed to the main impou.idment.

I a

.7 I

i The lesser population densities and productivity values at G2 and, to a lesser I

e. tent, at F2 are likely a function of the physical nature o' the upper impound-

ment. The water there is shallow, flowing, and contains much debris (logs, sticks,

etc.) and aquatic macrophyies, t.arge, stable phytoplarkton populatic.-2 are less likely to develop in such an environmer.

as opposed to the deep, open, slow-moving s,.

waters of the main impoundment.

l l '

Power plant discharges during 1930 did not adversely affect the phyto-plankton densities or productivity rates. Values at the discharge were generally as ,

high or higher than those of the rest of the impoundment stations. Water temperatures remained moderate throughout the surnmer months and there was no thermal stress on the phytoplankton.

I 1

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=

1 - - - - . .

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M i

Table 4.1 Surface water temperatures (in "C) by station at Robinson impoundment taken in conjunction with plankton samples during 1980 Statien Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Ag & Oct Nov Dec Year A2 14.0 12.6 15.8 21.5 25.0 29.0 31.0 31.2 23.8 17.7 18.0 13.0 21.0 C2 15.5 14.5 16.3 21.5 25.9 30.0 31.4 30.9 20.0 18.3 18.5 13.0 21.3

{ D2 19.2 16.5 16.3 22.0 27.8 32.5 31.6 32.1 23.3 21.4 21.5 14.5 23.2 E2 21.5 19.8 17.2 22.0 29.2 36.0 31.6 33.5 24.5 24.0 27.0 14.5 25.1 1:2 18.9 9.5 13.0 19.0 26.6 29.0 31.0 31.5 19.0 20.5 16.0 11.5 20.5 G2 6.6 7.0 13.1 18.5 21.7 26.5 29.5 31.2 18.0 15.1 12.0 11.0 17.5 All 15.9 13.3 15.3 20.8 26.0 30.5 31.0 31.7 21.4 19.5 18.8 12.9 21.4 1

i I

I Table 4.2 Seasonal comparisons among stations and years at Robinson impoundment for primary productivity measurements.

l 197S1 19791 19801 Productivity Temo.2 Productivity Temp. Productivity Temp; First quarter A-2 101.2 12.0 159.5 19.0 191.5 12.6 E-3 S.1 13.0 161.2 28.0 242.6 21.2 G-23 - - 6.5 15.0 14.7 7.0 Second quarter A-2 48.9 32.0 82.5 26.5 154,2 26.3

, E-3 31.8 40.0 29.4 30.5 182.4 29.5 g G-2 - - 8.3 24.0 .51.3 22.5 g Third quarter A-2 126.4 32.0 745.0 24.0 276.0 29.8 E-3 93.2 41.0 654.9 33.0 230.3 32.8

, G-2 - - 17.3 19.0 60.1 29.8 1

Fourth quarter A-2 15.3 18.0 62.1 15.0 341.9 19.0 E-3 11.1 23.0 71.1 24.0 312.6 2S.0 G-2 - - 1.0 5.0 4.7 14.5 I

IMeasurements used for 197S and 1979 were taken in March, June, September, and l December. During 1980 measurements were taken in February, May, August, and a November. Measurements in mg C/m 2/ day.

un 2 Temperature in DC. g 3During 1978 G-2 was not sampled for primary productivity.

! I I

I I

4-10

m. ,

I l

l Table 4.3 Phytoplankton species identified from Robinson impoundment January 8 19S0 through Deceniber 19S0.

Species Species Bacillarlophyceae Botryococcus braunii

• Chlorella vulgar _is Achnanthes spp. Dictyosphaerium pulchellum I Actinella sp. Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergtanum Cyclotella spp. Dictyosphaerium planctonicum Melosira italica Planktesonaeria gelatinosa Synecra ulna Eremospnaera viridts I Synedrs ulna var. biceps Oocystis pusills Synedra ulna var. aeoualle Oocystis naegelil Synedra acus s n. racians Occystis solitaria

• Synedra nane Occystis borgei I Tabellaria f enestrata Oocystis parva Tabellaria flocculosa Occystis spp.

Asterionella formosa Franceia droescheri I

Navicula spp. Ankistrodesmus f alcatus Pleurosigma sp. Ankistrodesmus convolutus Selenastrum westil I Xanthophyceae Characicosis spp.

Selenastrum "minutum_

Quadrigula lacustris Radiococcus ntmnatus

• Teenedesmus couga I Chry:ophyceae Scenedesmus cua: tr g Scenedesmus denticuustus Crucigeaia teTracecta

• Mallomonas acaroides I Mallomonas pseudocoronata Mallomonas spp.

Chrysococcus spp.

Crucigenta quadrata Micractinium pusillum Mougeotia spp.

3 Synura spp. *Closterium sp.1 Dinobryon sociale_ Closterium spp.

J Dincoryan bavaricum Eua:trum sp.

Dinebryon accuminatum Cosmarium spp.

I Chrysocaosa planctonica Chlorophyceae Staurastrum cuspidatum Staurastrum polymorphum Staurastrum sp.1 Staurastrum paradoxum I Pedinomonas sp.

Chlamydomonas angelica Chlamycomonas gobosa Staurasted cuspidatum var. divergens Staurastrum spp.

• Mtnrodesmus 1: acus Chlamydomonas spp. * *Spnaerozosma sp.1 Carteria f ritschii Pteromonas spp. Euglenophyceae Palmella mucosa I Gleocystii gigas Asterococcus limneticus Eracteacoccus spp.

Trachelomoras volvocina Tracnelomonas voivonn_a var. comoressa Trachelomonas intermedia Elakatotnrix viridis Tracnelomonas hispida Ourococcus bicauaatus Trachelomonas crenea 4-11 I ~

L-------- - . . _ _ _ ___ _.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ . . . . . . . .

I I

Table 4.3 (continued)

Chlorophyceae cont'd.

Nannochloris bacillaris Uluthrix subconstricta

$tichococcus bacillaris

• *bliChoCoCCus sp. A Gotenkinta paucisDina Golenkinia radiata Trachelomonas rotunda Trac 5elomonas spp.

Cryptoglena pigra Dinophyceae Peridinium pusillum g Ceratium carolinianum E

Cryptophyceae Cryptochrysis commu'ata Chroomonas nordstt.

_Cryptomonas erosa '

Cryptomones ovata g

Cryptomonas spp. E Myxophyceae Chroococcus spp.

Merismopedia major g

Oscillatoria subtilissima g Ost illatoria Reminata W Oscillatoria spp.

I

'Compri ng 1.0% or more of the total phytoplankton population during 1980.

• Comprising 5.0% or more of the total phytoplankton population during 1980.

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i Il Table 4.5 Phytoplankton species richness values by station for Robinson impoundment during 1980.

J AN FEB M AR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC YEAR A2 8 6 10 8 10 9 12 14 10 18 14 9 10.7 C2 8 10 8 12 13 11 13 18 12 18 15 8 12.2 D2 10 8 8 8 12 9 14 17 13 13 14 7 11.1 E2 8 6 8 12 13 11 12 20 12 16 14 11 12.0 F2 8 7 4 14 13 13 14 18 8 12 11 4 10.5

, G2 6 3 4 15 12 15 20 21 8 7 9 7 10.6 mean S 7 7 12 12 11 14 13 !O 14 13 S 11 l

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l Table 4.6 i*hytoplankton Shannon-Weaver diversity index values for Robinson Impoundment during 1930.

Nov Dec Year Sta tion Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul M Sep Oct 1.5 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.8 2.5 A2 2.2 1.2 1.7 2.8 1.5 2.2 1.6 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.1 0.6 2.5 C2 2.2 1.6 1.5 3.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 2.2 2.7 2.3 1.4 0.9 0.5 2.6 D2 2.6 1.7 1.4 2.5 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.8 2.2 1.2 1.0 0.7 2.6 E2 2.1 1.5 1.7 3.0 2.1 1.6 2.3 3.0 2.2 1.4 0.7 0.7 3.0 F2 2.3 1.4 1.6 3.2 2.6 1.3 2.5 3.2 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.4 3.8 G2 2.5 1.2 1.7 3.7 2.1 1.7 2.6 2.9 2.4 1.5 1.1 0.3 2.8 ALL 2.5 1.5 1.7 4.3 1 '

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Figure 4.1 Quarterly primary product:vity values in eng C/m/dcy by station for Robinson impoundment during 1980.

M M W W W W W M5 m W M M M M M M M M M

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• -+-* CHRYSOPHYCEAE Figure 4.4 liny toplankton population densities in no./ml for the principal algal classes in itohinson Impoundment during 1980.

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I 3. 0 ZOOP LANKTON 3.1 Introduction Zooplankton comprise the second trophic level in an aquatic system. They f orm an important link in the food chain by grazing largely upon phytoplankton and, in turn, form an important part of the fish diet. Changes in the zooplankton population can be reflected by changes throughout the other levels of the food chain. The structure of the zooplankton community can be altered either directly or indirectly by environmental perturbations.

In 1980 a zooplankton monitoring program was initiated at R obinson impound-ment. The purpose cf the program was twofold: (1) to determine the composition of the zooplankton community in general and (2) to determine what ef fects the operation of the power plant has on the zooplankton papulation.

To answer these questions, several f acets of tiie community were examined, both from a whole impoundment point of view and for the individual stations sampled. Tnese f acets include It species present in the system, their respective densities, the number of species gesent at any one time (species richness), and

?g species diversity. The data were exenined in relation to parameters such as water l3 temperature and other trophic levels of the aquatic community.

3.2 M ethods

. Zooplankton sampling was conducted monthly from January 1980 through

! December 1980. Sampling was conducted at stations A?, C2, D2, E2, F2, and G2.

Samples were obtained by taking vertical hauls from the bottom to the surf ace with both a #20 mesh-size plankton net (0.076 mm) and a #10 plankton net (0.136 m m).

I Samples were preserved in the field by adding formalin to equal about 3% of the sample volume. A !!ve sample was also collected and transported to the laboratory on ice to aid in identif ying f ragile rotif ers.

I 3-1 I

I in the laboratory the samples were potred into a plastic graduated cylinder, I

mixed thorougNy, and an aliquot was withdrawn usinE a pipette and placed in a circular plankton cotnting wheel. The voltrne of the aliqJot Wa5 determined by estimaung the volume which would contain at least 100 organisms.

The wheel was motnted under a dissecting microscope, and the counts were conducted using var.ous magnificatiom. Difficult organisms were identified with the aid of a compound microscope. Only copepodites, adult Copep>da, and adult Cladocera were counted from the //10 net samples, and only copepod nauplii, the Rotif era, and the Protozoa were cotnted f rom the //20 net samples. Extrapolations to determine densities were then made on a voltmc.tric basis. Taxonomic keys used induded ANstrom (1943), Pennak (1953), Brooks (1957, 1959), Voigt (1957),

Edmondson (1959), and Wilson and Yeatman (1959).

5. 3 Results and Discussion 5.3.1  :'ooplankton Spedes and Population Densities Forty-five zooplankton specie were identified f rom Robinson Impaundment during 1980 (Table 5.1). These induded eight copepods, ten dadocerars, 25 rotif ers, and two protozoans. Of these species, only ttree copepods (Diaptomus mississippiensis, Mesocydops edax, and Tropoevdops prasints), two dadocerans (Bosmina jonc,irostris and Diaphanosoma brwhytetm), and iour rotifers (Keratella su americana, l$. cocNeatis, Pompholyx sulcata, and Conochiloides coenabeis) were g ntrn crically important.

Estimates of total zooplankton densities were moderately high, ranging f rom 3

40,313/m3 in February to 409,ll3/m in November (Figure 5.1). The population was dominated egaally by copepods and rotifers, with dadocerans of somewhat lesser numerical importance. Few protozoans were found during the study (Figure 5.2).

Total copepod densities were f airly high tiroughout the year and consisted g L mainly of nauplii. Diaptomus mississipplensis showed the highest densities of any 5 individual copepod and maintained its greatest numbers from August tir ough Decem ber. Tropocydops prasinus was next in importanca and t so showed higher 3-2 l E

I I

numbers from August through December. Mesociaops edax was third numerically with a peak in April and May.

I The Cladocera demonstrated two peaks in population, one from April through June, and another from October through December, with lowest values from January through March. Bosmina lonr.irostris was the dominant cladoceran, with population dynamics closely psralleling that of the total cladocera. Diaphanoso na brachynrum was the only other important cladoceran, maintaining its highest population numbers from April through November, with the exception of a decrease in July.

Total rotifers also showed a double peak, with high numbers June through August and October through December. Keratella americans and K_. cochlearls maintained high populations May through December, except for a September low.

Pompholyx sulcata had a June bloom and high numbers again from October through I December. Conochiloides coenobasis had peaks in February and March and November and December.

Several population parameters were statistically analysed using a Duncan's multiple range test to determine whether the various sampling statk 9 within the lake were significantly different at the 0.05 leve . r zooplankton denslties. There were no differences among stations for the following densities: total rotifers, Tropocyclops p,rasinus, and Bosmina longirostris. Station G2 was found to be significantly lower than the rest of the stations when total zooplankton, total copepods, _Diaptomus mississiopiensis, and Mesocyclops edax were tested (Figure 3.3 ). When total cladocerans and Diaphanosoma brachyurum were tested, the stations in the lower impoundment were in the highest grouping, Station F2 was intermediate, and Station G2 was lowest.

I Station G2 was different from the other stations for several reasons. G2 was considerably cooler than the other stations because of its distance from the plant discharge and its location upstream of the main impoundment where " receives the I cool water from Black Creek. Also, the physical environment near the station is quite different from the main body of the impoundment, characterized by shallow water and abundant aquatic vegetation compared with the deep, sparsely vegetated

, ,.3 I

I lower impounament. A phenomenon which was noted on several occasions was that I

during periods of sJ ang stream flow, little zooplankton was found at G2; whereas, when streamflow was low, or there were strong southerly winds, the population of the zooplankton increased an became more of a lentic rather than lotic commu- g nity. W 3.3.2 Species Richness an, . iversity Species richness, or the number of individual species found at each location during each sampling trip, is shown in Table 5.2. Robinson impoundment showed low to moderate species richness values, ranging from 6 at Station A2 during February to 15 at Station C2 during October and at Station F2 during August. In gcneral, the lowest values were found from January through March, with the highest values noted from August through November. Food availadility and optimal water temperatures are likely major fachts in determining the seasonal species richness values. There were no apparent .fferences among stations in species g richness values as the yearly means ranged from 10.4 at station D2 to 11.0 at u Station C2.

The Shannon-Weaver diversity index is a helpful tool in determining the I

health of the zooplankton community of a system. Diversity values from 1980 at Robinson impoundment are presented in Table 5.3. The values ranged between 1.0 at Station F2 in April and 3.1 at three stations in December. Values below i.0 are ,

considered to be indicative of stressed or polluted waters, and values greater than l 3.0 indicative of clean wcters. Values noted in Table 5.3 indicate that the Robinson zooplankton community is moderately diverse (Weber 1973). The seasonal trend was toward lower values in late winter and early spring and higher values in late f all and early winter. As with species richness, there did not seem to be any particular trend between diversity values and sampling stations. Values were either quite close among stations or else the numbers varied too widely among Wtions through the months for any pattern to be evident.

The zooplankton community of Robinson impoundment during 1980 can be characterized as consisting of moderate population densities and diversity with low to moderate species richness values. The community was largely dominated by copepods and rotifers with fewer cladocerans and very few protozoans.

E e

3. 4 Power Plant Effects I Power plant ef fects upon the zooplankton during 1980 were minimal. If the I discharge affected the numbers or structure of the zooplankton community, the ef fects would be most noticeable at Station E2, the station nearest a.e discharge.

Population densities of the major groups and species at E2 were not significantly different than those at the other lower impoundment sampling stations and are higher than those of Station F2 and Station G2 in some cases.

Mean species richness values for Station E2 were similar to those of the other statiers. Shannon-Teaver species diversity values were also similar among stations.

5. 5 Summary During 1980 Rebirson impoundment was sampled on a monthly basis for I zooplankton population densities and community structure at stations A2, C2, D2, E2, F2, and G 2. Sampling was conducted by using bottom-to-suriace vertical hauls with a 76p and a 1%u mesh-sized net.

Mo6 rate zooplankton densities were encountered throughout the year. The community was largely dominated by copepods and rotifers with some dadocerans and a small runber of protozoans. Important species were the copepods Diaotomus mississippiensis, Mesocydops edax, and Tropocydops prasinus; the dadocerans:

Bosimina longirostris and Diaohanosoma brachvurum; and the rotifers: Kerat ella americana, K_. cochlearis, Pompholyx sulcata, and Conochiloides coenobasis.

TMre were no statistically significant differences among the lower impund-I ment stations for the population parameters tested. In some cases Station G2, and to a lesser enent Station F2, were f ound to have significantiv lower densities.

Population densities at Station F2 and Station G2 were sometimes dependent upon flow and the nattre of the environment in the upper impoundment.

I Species richness values were low to moderate in general and did not vary much among stations, ihannon-Weaver diversity values were moderate and also did not diff er much among stations.

, 5-5

l Ilt The data indicates that during 1980, the power pant discharge had a mirdmal l effect upon the zooplankton community of Robinsonimpoundment.  !

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I Table 3.1 Zooplankton species identified from Robinson impoundment January through December 1980.

COPEPODA ROTIFERA con't.

Diaptomus mississippiensis T richocerca multicrinis Cyclops sp. Ascomorpha sp.

Cyclops vernalis Asplanchna sp.

Mesocyclops edax Synchaeta spp.

Tropocyclops prasinus Polyarthra maior Paracyclops fimoriatus Ploesoma truncatum Eucyclops macrurus Monommata sp.

Eucyclops agilis Porapholyx aulcata Hexarthra sp.

CLADOCERA Conochiloides coenobasis Collotheca sp.

Ceriodaphnia ret!culata Scapnoleberis kinal PROTOZOA Bosmina longirostris I Ilvocevotus soinifer Alona sp.

Dif fluria sp.

Vorticelta sp.

Alonella dentifera Alonella acutirostris Acroperus harpae Pleuroxus hamulatuj Diaphanosoma brachyurum I ROTIFERA I Rotifer sp. 2 Keratella americana Kerate!!a cochlearis Keratella earlinae I Kellecottia bostoniensis Netholca sp.

Platyus patulus Platyus cuaaricornis Trichotria sp.

Macrochaetus sp.

Lecane sp.

I Lecane luna Monostyla sp.

Trichocerca longiseta I

I s-7 I

i Table 5.2 Zooplankton species richness values by station for Robinson Irnpoundment January through December 1980.

Yearly Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul M Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean A2 10 6 10 11 10 11 11 10 12 14 13 11 10.8 C2 10 8 11 10 10 11 11 12 11 15 13 11 11.0 D2 7 9 9 10 10 10 11 10 11 13 12 13 10.4 4

E2 8 8 8 10 11 10 10 13 12 14 14 13 10.9 F2 7 7 11 9 10 11 13 15 12 12 12 10 10.3 G2 13 7 9 9 9 9 12 11 10 14 13 11 10.6 IMPOUNDMENT

, MEAN 9.2 7.5 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.3 11.3 11.8 11.3 13.6 12.6 11.5 10.7

Ea m m m W M M WS m m W W W W W

~ $ ~" M M $ M i

Table 5.3 Zooplankton Shannon-Weaver diversity index values by station for flobinson trapotruiment January threegh December 1960.

Nov Dec Year Station Jy Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul M Sep Oct .

2.4 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.0 A2 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.9 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.4 2.2 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.0 C2 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.2 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.5 3.0 2.9 3.1 02 1.4 2.3 1.3 1.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.2

$ E2 2.2 2.5 1.7 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.3 3.0 F2 1.4 2.2 3.2 1.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.5 3.2 G2 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.6 i

2.7 3.0 2.3 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 MEAN 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.5 2.4 i

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1 I I 6.0 BENTH05 I 6.1 introduction I Monitoring of the ben;hos of Robinson Impoundment and Black Creek continued during 1930 at the stations (Figure 1.1) used during prior studies (CP&L, 1976b, 1979a, 1930a). These prior reports indicated that benthos were more abundant and diverse at stations above SR 346 (F1, F2, G1, G2) than at those stations in the lower lake (A1, A2, Et, E3). This distribution was attributed to the greater number of habitats available (logs, stumps, vegetation, etc.), the overall shallowness of the area (3 m maximum depth), and the irregular thermal influence of discharge water in the upper impoundment.

Data collected during 1980 are presented in this chapter with comparisons made to previous years where appropriate.

6.2 Methods Robinson Impoundment samples were collected quarterly (February, May, August and November) with a petite ponar dredge at stations A1, A2, El, E3, F1, I F2, C1 and G 2 (Figure 1.1). Samples were preserved and returned to t'.

laboratory for sieving, sorting, enumeration and identification.

Black Creek was also sampled quarterly using multiplate samplers. Two samples were set at each station (H,1, K) approx!mately one month prior to collection. Samples were preserved and returned to the lab for p cessing.

Analysis of benthos data following identification included calculations of riiv/sity using the formula presented by Lloyd, Zar, and Karr (1963), estimates of organism densities, and determinations of taxa richness. Analysis of variance was made on variables of interest, and a Duncan's multiple range test was used to show differences among stations and differences among years.

I 6-1 I

I ._ _

I 6.3 Results and Discussion I

6.3.1 Robinson impoundment Taxa Richness The list of taxa collected during 19S0 is in Table 6.1; Table 6.2 indicates where these :axa were collected. Ninety-five of the 124 taxa for 1980 were from Robinson impoundment This compares similarly to 1979 when 90 of 127 taxa were g found in the impoundment. As usual, the fauna was dominated by chironomids and u oligochaetes with the upper impoundment areas having the greatest number of taxa (Table 6.3).

Ccmpared to 1979, 1980 showed a slight increase in taxa richness at all stations except E3 Below is a comparison of the average number of taxa collected for 1980 and 1979. Stations underlined by the same bar are not significantly different. 3 197? Hi TAXA RICHNESS RANKING Lo Station: G1 G2 F1 F2 El Al E3 A2 Average no. of taxa: 15.8 10.3 8.9 7.9 4.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 1980 l Station: G1 F1 G2 F2 El Al A2 E3 Average no. of taxa: 18.8 11.5 11.4 9.s 0 7.3 5.5 2.S 2.3 The ranking of station averages shows only slight changes between years, which can be considered of little consequence.

Density The density of organisms during 1930 was similar to other years with the I

exception that El had the greatest average annual density in 1980 (Table 6.3). It is 6-2 I

B, C_______________________________ _ _ _ _ _. ..

I most unusual for this station to have such Ivge densities for each quarter (greater than any other year), due mostly to the abuncance of an unnamed chironomid genus 2

near Nanocladius B, which had a density of 13749.1/m for February. Except f or I El, stations above SR 346 (F1, F2, G 1, G2) had densities greater than other stations in the lower impoundment (Al, A2, E3). Densities listed below connected by the same bar are not significantly different:

Station: El G2 F1 G1 F2 Al A2 E3 I Annual Density: 7633 6330 6139 3116 2344 1137 326 309 Station El has historically been similar to Al and A2 (Table 6.4). Station E3, the discharge station, a gain bad the lowest mean annual dersity. This station is subjected to the direct impact of dscharge water, which can vary not only with regards to temperature, but also flow rates. Bottom sediments at E3 were subject

.I to scouring causing the depth to fluctuate about one meter during the year, from a total depth of between three and f our meters. Also when Unit 2 would return to service, this station would receive the most rapid increase in bottom temperature since the water column was uniformly mixed. Despite experiencing sorne of the highest temperatures of any statien sampled, DO levels were alwap above 4.0 mg/!

I (Appendix A).

Densities at the remaining statiors (A1, A2, F1, F2, G 1, G 2) f ollowed patterns seen before with upper impoundment stations having greater densities, I probably as a result of the greater diversity in habitats available. The remaining lower impoundment stations showed little change in density.

Diversity The diversity of the benthas during 1980 was quite varied with upper

-impoundment stations usually having diversities greater than lower impoundment j diversities (Table 6.3). Most stations had considt.rable changes in their diversity values during 1980. Overall, diversity values for 1980 were similar to previous ye ars.

, 6-3 lI l

lI 1

E 6.3.2 Black Creek The reduced sampling program and f req >ent loss of samplers resulted in only ismited data being available f or 1980.

Fif ty-rine of the 124 total taxa collected in 1980 were f rom Black Creek.

During 1979, S3 of 127 total taxa were collected f rom Black Creek. The decrease

-in the number of taxa collected is a result of the smaller number of samples taken.

Samples were taken monthly during 1979 as opposed to quarterly during 1980. g There was little change in the dominant organisms (hydropsychid and poly. W centropodid caddisflies and the midge Polypedilum) indicating conditions similar to 1979.

The density of organisms, cased on the f ew samples for 1980, were not unlike prior yesrs. There was, at times, considerable variation in the density of organisms as seen in earlier studies.

Diversity iollowed 4. similar trend to density with valuas that were not tnlike prior years. The range < f diversity values, while being c ariable, was within the range of previous studies.

6. 4 Com;nrison of 1930 to Previous Years (1976-1979) m Results of analysis of variance (ANOV A) and Duncarfs multiple range test on g density and taxa richness during 1980, 1979, and the period 1976-1930 f or seasonal and samp!!ng station analysis are in Table 6.4. Also noted are results of analysis on yearly averages of density and taxa richness from 1976 to 1930.

Taxa iichness (nurnber of taxa) showed only slight variations in 1980 when compared to earlier years. GI remairs the leading station with other upper impoundment locaticrs coming next, f ollowed by the lower impoundment statiors.

Density of organisms during 1980 was similar to densities in earlier years, g

except that El had the greatest annual average density as noted in Section 6.3.1. 3 Except for this variation, density patterr:s were consistent with those seen during 1976-1979.

64 I

a

I I

i Yearly analysis indicates 1980 to have the highest overall estimates of density and taxa richness f ollowed Gn decreasing order) by 1976,1977,1979, and 1978. Overall benthos communities apparently have been improving since 1978.

This period of increasing benthos density and taxa richness (1979 and 1980) has been during years when Unit 2 has been either off-line or at reduced output for -

longer durations than during the earlier study periods.

.I 6,5 Summary I Based on annual averages, tha benthos of Robinson impoundment showed an increase in density and taxa richness during 1980, reaching levels that exceeded those of previotr years. Station rankings experienced little variation compared to previots years, except that El had the highest mean annual density of all stations (because of a very large number of individuals of a single chironomid genus, along with higher than normal abundances of several other genera).

A  %

6-5

I Table 6.1 Robinson impoundment and Black Creek benthic ta: a iv : 1980 I

Platyhelminthes 3 Turbellaria Planariidae l Dugesia sp.

Nematoda Annelida Oligochaeta M

Lumbriculidae Naididae g

Dero sp.

Dero obtusa g Dero vaga g Pristina sp.

Pristina aequiseta Stylaria sp.

Veidovskyella comata Tubificidae Aulodrilus plaueti llvodrilus templetoni Peloscolex frevi Hirundinea Arthropoda Crustacea Copepoda Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca a

Arachnoidea Water mite sp. l Insecta l Ephemeroptera E 3actidae Baetis sp. g Caenidae.

Caems sp.

g Ephemerellidae Ephemerell,a, sp.

Ephemeridae E g

HexaRenia sp.

Heptageniidae Stenonema sp.

Odonata Zygoptera E Coenagrionidae g Argia sp.

6-6 m

I Table 6.1 (continued)

Enallagma sp.

Anisoptera Gomphidae Gomphus sp.

I Cordulidae Epicordulia inceos Epitheca sp.

Aeshnidae Boyerla vinosa Macromildae Didymops sp.

Plecoptera Perlidae Acroneuria sp.

Perlesta placida

-I Attaneuria ruralis Hemiptera I Corixidae Megaloptera I Corydalicae Corydalis corrutas Trichoptera Polycentropodidae Neurecli7 sis sp.

Nyctiophylax sp.

I glycentropus sp.

Hydropsycnidae Hydropsyche sp.

Hydropsycr.e decalda Macronema sp.

Hydroptilidae Agravlea sp.

Orthotrichia sp.

I' Oxyethira sp.

Leptoceridae Oecetis sp. '

Triaenoces sp.

Lepidoptera Pyralidae Eoparargyractis irroratalis Coleoptera Dytiscidae I Dineutus sp.

Elmicae Dubtrachia I Hydrophilidae Berosus sp.

6-7

I Table 6.1 (continued)

Chrysomelidae Donacia sp.

I Diptera Culicidae E Chaoborus sp. E Ceratopogonidae Bezzia/Probezzia sp.

Simuliidae Simulium sp.

Simullum tuberosum g Chirorsomidae Tanypodinae E Ablabesmvia sp.

Clinotanypus sp.

Coelogpypus sp. E Conchapelopia sp. 3 Djalmabatista pulcher Labrundinia sp.

Procladius sp.

Zavrelimyia sp.

Orthocladiinae Chaetocladius sp. 3 Corynoneura sp.

g Thienemaniella sp.

Cricotoaus sp.

EQicLeiella sp. l 3

Heterotrissocladius sp.

Metrioenemus sp.

Orthocladius sp.

Psectrocladius sp.

Trichocladius sp.

Zalutschia sp. E Chironominae Chironomini l Chironomus sp.

Cladocelma sp.

Cryptochironomus sp.

Cryptotendipes rp.

Dicrotendipes sp.

Givototendices sp. E "

Lauterborniella sp. E Microtendipes sp.

Nilothauma sp.

Pagastiella sp. E Parachironomus so. E Paracladopelma sp.

Paratendipes sp. g Polypedilum sp. g Pseudochironomus sp.

Stenoch'ronomus sp.

, Tribelos sp. 3 Xenochironomus sp. 3 6-8 I. 1

i I

Table 6.1 (continued) l l

Cladotanytarsus sp.

Micropsectra sp.

I Rhectanytarsue sp.

Tanytarsus sp.

Tanvtarsus curticornis la7elia sp.

I Mollusca Pelecypoda Sphaerlidae Spha rium sp.

I I

I I

I l

I l

l-l

6-9 g

l .

Table 6.2 Robinson impoundment and black Creek benthic taxa list by station,1980 I

TRANSECTS AND STATIONS A A E E F F G G H I K 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 SPECIES DUGESIA X X X X X NEMATODA X X X X X X X X X OLIGOCHAETA X LUMBRICULIDAE X X E NAIDIDAE DERC X X X X X X X 5 X X DERO OBTUSA X X X X DERO VAGA X N AIS SIMPLEX X ,

PRISTINA X X PRISTINA LONG!SETA X X X X X X X X X X PRISTINA AEQUISETA X X PRISTIN A LONGISOMA X X X PRISTINA SIMA X SLAVINA APPEND!CULATA X X l STYLARIA X B VEJDOVSKYELLA COM ATA X X X X X X TUBIFICIDAE X X X X X X '

IMMATURE TUBIFICIDS X X X X X AULODRILUS PlQUETI X X X X '

AULODRILUS PLURISETA X ILYODRILUS TEMPLETON! X X PELOSCULEX FREYI X HIRUDINEA X X "

HYALLELA AZTECA X X BAETIS X 8 -

CAENIS X 5 EPHEMERELLA X X HEXAGENIA X X X X o STENONEMA X X LEPTOPHLEBIA X COENAGRIONIDAE X ARGIA X g ENALLAGMA X 3 BOYERIA VINOSA X D EPICORDULIA PRINCEPS X EPITHECA X GOMPHUS X DIDYMOPS X MACROMIA '

X ACRONEURIA X PERLESTA PLACIDA X ATTANEURIA RURALIS X CORIXIDAE X E CORYDALUS CORNUTUS X B 6-10 s

I E Table 6.2 (continued)-

TRANSECTS AN0 STATIONS A A E E F F G G H I K 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 HYDROPSYCHE X X X HYDROPSYCHE DECALDA X X MACRONEMA X X MACRONEMA ZEBRATUM X I HYDROPTILIDAE ORTHOTRICHIA OXYETHIRA X

X X

AGRAYLEA X

'I- OECETIS TRIAENODES X X X X X X X X

CYRNELLUS X I NEURECLIPSIS CREPUSCULARIS NYCTIOPHYLAX -

PHYLOCENTROPUS X X X X X X X X X

POLYCENTROPUS X X X X X X X i EOPARARGYRACTIS IRRORATALIS X DONACIA X DYTISCIDAE X DUBIRAPHIA X I STENELMIS DINEUTUS BEROSUS X X X

X I POTTHASTIA LONGIMANUS ABLABESMYIA CONCHAPELOPIA X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

CLINOTANYPUS X X X X X I D]ALMABATISTA LABRUNDINIA PROCLADIUS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

TANYPUS X I- ZAVRELIMYlA SP.

CLADOTANYTARSUS X X X X X X X X X X MICROPSECTRA X X X X X X X X X X I RHEOTANYTARSUS TANYTARSUS TANYTARSU'., ITICORNIS X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X ZAVRELIA X CHIRONOMUS X X X X X X X X CLADOPELMA X X CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS X X X X X X X X X X CRYPTOTENDIPES X X X DICROTENDIPES X X X X X X X X X GLYPTOTENDIPES X X X X X X GN. NR NANOCLADIUS B X X X X PAGASTIELLA X PARACHIRCNOMUS X X X 6-11 I

l I

Table 6.2 (continted)

I TRANSECTS AND 5TATIONS A A E E F F G G H I K 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 PARACLADOPELMA X X X E PARATENDIPES X X X 5 POL YPEDIL UM X X X X X X X X X PSEUDOCHIRONOMUS X X X X STENOCHIRONOMUS X X TRIB ELCS X X XE NOCHIRONOMUS X CHIRONOMIN! SP. A (ROS ACh X NILOTHA UMA X X X LAUTERBORNIELLA X CH AETOCL ADIUS X X X X X CORYNONEURA X X X X CRICOTOP US X X X X EUKIEFFERIELLA X METRIOCNEMUS X X X X MICR OCRICOTOP US X X X X X N ANOCL ADIUS X X X X X X X ORT HOCL ADIUS X X X X PARAKIEFFERIELLA X PSECTROCL ADIUS X X X X X X TOKUN AGAIA X ZALUTSCHIA X X X X Z ALUTSCHIA Z ALUTSCHIACOL A X X X X X ZALUTSCHIA TRIGONACIE5 x ORTHOCL AD C2 X X RHEOSMITTIA X X X un BEZZIA X X X X X X X X g CHAOBORUS X X X X X HEMERODROMIA X SIMULIUM TRUBEROSUM X l SPHAERIIDAE X X X 3 SPHAERIUM X HYDRACARINID WATER MITE X X X I

I I

-12 I

I

I

Yable 6.3 Number of taxa, density, and diversity benthos surnmaries from Robirson impoundment f or 1980.

N O.of TEMP DO STATION TAXA DENSIT Y DIVERSIT Y (Q me/l I. A-1 Feb 11 646 2.7 11.4 9.4 May 15 689 3.2 24.5 6. 8 Aug 11 1579 2.0 31.0 6. 3 Nov 13 1636 2, 7 18.5 9, 8 Year II (total) 1137 (avg)

I A-2 Feb May 7

7 703 172 2.0 2.6 11.0 24.9 9.4 6.5 I Aug Nov Year 8

7 15 (total) 273 158 326 (avg) 2.7 2.6 30.2 19.0 6.I 9.2 I E-1 Feb May 14 14 14983 4794

0. 6 2.7 19.0 27.5 10.6 6.9 Aug 9 4492 1.7 32.5 5. 8 I Nov Year 15 79 (total) 6344 7653 (avg) 1.5 21.0 9.5 E-3 I Feo May Aug 7

4 1

137 137 172 2.6 1.7

0. 0 14.7 29.0 33.0

9. 6

6. 7

4. 0 Nov 5 689 1.4 23.0 9. 3 Year il (total) 369 (avg)

F-1 FTb 25 4277 3.4 6. 6 11.0 I May Aug Nov 22 18 20 4621 1507 14151 2.7 3.5 3.2 23.5 31.0 17.5

6. 5

5. 3

9. 7 Year II (total) 6139 (avg)

I F-2 E 25 3961 3.4 6. 5 10.8 May 23 ' 2411 3.5 22.5 7.1 I Aug Nov Yeer 5

15 G (total) 230 35/4 2544 (avg) 1.8 2.7 30.5 17.0

6. 3

9. 2 I G-1 Feb May 49 33 7076 5138 4.2 3.9

6. 8 24.0 11.5

7. O Aug 25 4191 3.7 30.2 5. 2

~ I, Nov 23 4062 2.4 14.0 9. S Year 75 (wtal) 5116 (avg)

G-2 I Feb May 22 18 13749 3086 2.1 3.4 3.4

6. 5 19.5 23.0 11.1 6.1

5. 6 Aug 22 3631 I Nov Year 14 I7 (total) 7090 6830 (avg) 1.8 14.5 8. 3 6-13

I I

Taue 6.4 Results of Duncarf s on average density (no./m2 ) and number of taxa collected lu Rpbinsonimpaundnent during 1979,1980, and 1976 E through 1980. E SE ASON AL ANALYSIS 1979 1980 1976 - 1980 N O.of N O.of NO.of DE NSIT Y TAXA DENS TT Y TAXA DE NSITY TAXA Fall Fall Winter Winter Fall Spring B Spring Spring Fall Spring Spring Winter g Summer Winter Spring Fall Winter Fall Winter Summer I Summer Sum mer Summer Summer STATION ANALYSIS I

-1979 1980 1976 - 1980 NO.of NO. of NO. of DE NSIT Y TAXA DE NSITY TAXA DE NSIT Y TAXA G2 G1 El Gl G2 G1 Gl G2 G2 F1 Gl G2 F1 F1 G1 G2 F1 Fl' F2 F2 F1 F2 F2 F2l El El F2 El El El Al Ai Al l Al Al A1 62 E3 A2 A2 A2 E3 E3 A2 E3 E3 E3 A2 in YE ARLY ANALYSIS l NO. of DE NS TT Y TAXA 1980 1980 1976 1976 E 1977 1979 g 1979 1977 1978 1978 I

1 Results are listed in descending order. Variables connected by the same bar are not statistically diff erent (0.05 level).

I 6-14 I

5. '

I I 7.0 FISHERIES 7.1 Introduction I Fisheries studies in waters associated with tne H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant have been conducted by CP&L sinca 1973. Results through 1979 were included in a 316 Demonstration, a menitoring program report, trace element reports, a 1979 annual report, and a bluegill investigation report (CP&L 1976b, 1979a,1979b,1980a,1980b, CP&L and LMS 1981).

The fisheries sampling program conducted in 1980 was essentially the same program as conducted during 1979 (Table 1.1). Impingement sampling trequency was based on analyses of previous data, and fyke nets were used on a trial basis.

Seining at stations Al, A3, Ei, and E3 was discontinued af ter the summer quarterly collection due to continuing collection inefficiency caused by steep bottom contours or physical obstructions. Fyke nets were added in an attempt to collect fishes such as larger centrarchids not adequately represented in electrofisher and gill net sampling.

This report presents results of 1980 fisheries studies and makes comparison to I previous years. This report will not discuss the bluegill deformity occurrences or the bluegill recruitment variations over the 1977-1980 period that were reported and discussed previously (CP&L and LMS 1981).

7.2 Fish Distributions 7.2.1 Introduction During 1980, the continuation of the monitoring program allowed detection of any changes in fish species composition or distribution in Robinson Impoundment.

Changes in composition or distribution over time could indicate a change in factors affecting fish populations. Any such changes can then be evaluated and assessed relative to plant operation.

-I I 7-1 I

I 7.2.2 Methods I

Methods employed during the 1980 studies were similar to those used in 1979.

I Sampling was conducted using the gill nets, the 50-ft bag seine, and the electrofishing gear previously described. Fyke nets were used on a trial basis. The fyke nets used were constructed of seven hoops which tapered front to back and were covered with 3.8 cm (1.5 in) (square) mesh netting. The nets were approxi-mately 4.5 m (15 feet) long and 1.2 m (4 feet) in diameter and throats were rigged on the second and fourth hoops. All nets were fitted with approximately 6 m (20 feet) wings and center lead. Locations sampled represent upper, mid, and lower impoundment areas (Table 1.1, Figure 1.1).

Species, numbers, lengths, and weight were recorded for fishes collected.

I Sex and maturity were recorded when possible. Larger fishes in good condition were tagged with Floy anchor tags end released. Catch rates have been adjusted to nuinbers and weights per 24-hour set for gill nets and fyke nets, to number per haul g for seine catenes, and to number per hour for electrofishing. m 7.2.3 Results and Discuasion .

Soecies Compos.im Common and scientific names of fishes collected from Robinson impound- ,

ment h 1980 are presented and compared to previous years in Table 7.1. No new $

species were added to the list in 1980, and no taxa formerly in abundance were absent. Those fishes previously present but absent from 1980 collections were those taxa that had been collected in low numbers or sporadically in the past and their abs- :e is not surprising.

Gill Netting The gill net catch per 24-hour set is presented in Table 7.2. Catches in 1980 I

we.e similar to 1979 in composition and distribution pattern over the impoundment, g but several 1980 collections were larger than those made in 1979. Catches at E Transect G were generally the largest and most diverse with golden shiners, I

7-2 I

a.

I

s

.g chubsuckers, and bullheads the most abundant taxa. Catches at Station G1 were .

largest 62 ring winter and sprmg and at G3 were largest during winter and fall.

During warmer periods (summer and to a lesser exter.t spring and fall) turtle predation reduced catches appreciably. Catches at Transect F were largest and most diverse during winter and fall, and catches were larger at Station F3 than at F1. There was no catch during the spring at either F1 or F3. Gill net catches at Transects A and E were generally very small. Station El catches were largest daring summer and fall and Station E3 (discharge) catches were largest during fall.

At Transect A, a relatively large catch of young-of-the-year bluegill during fall indicates strong recruitment during 1980. At Station Al, the only fish collected

. was bluegill during f all.

Seining The pattern of largest and mest diverse catches at Transect G that had been observed in seine hauls in past years was observed again in 1980 (Table 7.3).

I Catches were generally larger in 1980 than in the past, particularly during summer and fall as Young fish were recruited to the catchable population. The small catches at Transects A and E were probably influenced by the steeply sloping oottom and numerous obstructions that hampered seining efficiency. No fish were collected at Transect E and only mosquitofish were taken at Station A3. Transect F catches were intermediate in diversity (nun.ber of species) between the lower impoundment and Transect G, and the catch during the fall at F1 was the largest of all sampling locations and periods. Young-of-year bluegill was the dominant component of Transect F catches during summer and fall at both sampling stations.

Transect G catches were somewhat more consistent among quarters than Transect F largely due to a wider variety of taxa contributing to the catch. Dominant taxa g included bluegill, dollar sunfish, and lined top minnow, with bluespotted sunfish and

-E chain pickeral contributing to the catch on a regular basis.

Electrofishing I Electrofishing samples were collected from Robinson Impoundment during February, May, August, September, October, and November. This included the I 7-3 I

I regular quarterly sampling and two additional months (September and Octob:r) to I

aid in assessing 1980 young-of-year abundance (Table 7.4).

Catches from the upper impoundment transects (F and G) were generally g more diverse than in the lower impoundment where catches were dominated by W bluegills. Largemouth bass were abundant in the discharge area during October and November, and black crappie were collected by electrofishing for the first time during November at Station F3. Many smaller centrarchids such as dollar sunfish, bluespotted sunfish, and blackbanded sunfish were found at Transect G, probably associatea with the organic bottom and dense aquatic vegetation in that area. The large numbers of young of-year bluegill found at all locations in late summer and fall indicated good survival through the summer of 1980 and growth to a size where they were susceptible to capture with the electrofisher. This is a noted difference from 1978 and 1979 when bluegill recruitment was poor. The of ten reported response of attraction of fishes to power plant thermal discharges during winter ar.d avoidance during the summer was riot as pronounced during 1980 as in past g years since Unit 2 was off-line during the summer sampling period. 5 To a.!!ow a mere quantitative comparison of catch rates of telected taxa among sampling periods and locations, the log transforrr.ad data were subjected to analysis of variance. When significant differences were indicated among the comparisons made, a Waller-Duncan K-ratio t-test was used to compare differ-ences among means. Data from 1980 were anal) ;ed for differences among ,

quarters and sampling locations. Data from 1976-1980 were analyzed for differ- E ences among years, quarters, and locations. The change in electrofishing gear in 1978 resulted in increased catch efficiencies from 1978 through 1980 and should be considered when evaluating results. Groups tested included total catch, bluegill, largemouth bass, chain pickerel, and warmouth.

Analysis of catches from 1980 indicated significant differences in bluegill, largemouth bass, warmouth, and total catches among sampling quarters and transects. There were no significant differences in chain pickerel catches. The total, the bluegill, and the largemouth bass catches were largest during fall, g intermediate during winter and summer, and smallest during spring (Table 7.5). is

! Warmouth exhibited largest catches during spring and smallest catches I

7-4 I

a

I l-I during f all. The large number of warmouth taken in spring can largely be attributed to spawning fish using the shallow vegetated areas accessible to electrofishing. Considering locations, total catches were largest at Transects G and A, bluegill catches were largest at Transect A, followed by Transect E, and I largemouth bass and warmouth catches were largest at Transects G and E.

The analysis over the 1976-1980 sampling period exhibited significant inter-actions between the comparisons made of bluegill,largemouth bass, warmouth, and total (all species) catches. No significant interactions were found in chain pickerel catches. The significans interactions indicated that the date for those groups should be partitioned for analysis so comparisons among years and transects were I made by quarter (Table 7.6).

Total catches during winter (February) exhibited a significant year and location interaction, probably resulting from changing temperature loading among years. Spri.ig catches (May) exhibited no significant differences arnong transects; I however, there were significant differences among years. Catches in 1980 were the lowest of the period, probably reflecting the poor 1973 and 1979 bluegill recruitment. Summ::r (Augat) samples indicated catches at the discharge were significantly smaller than at Transects \ and G during all years. However, summer I catch rates in 1980 were the highest of the 1976-1980 period reflecting the large numbers of young-of-the-year fish. The same patterns were evident in the f all (November) with significant differences in years and locations and catch".s largest at Transect A and in 1980. ,

Bluegill catch analysis for winter, like total catches, cxhibited significant transer t-station interactions. Winter catches also showed significant differences among years (Table 7.6). During spring, b!uegill catches were significantly larger I at A and E than at Transect G and catches were smallest of the period in 1930. In summer and f all, catches were largest at Transect A and numbers reflected the strong 1930 recruitment.

Largemouth bass catches were somewhat less variable than bluegilt and total

.I catches. During winter, catenes at the discharge were larger than in the upper or lower impoundment areas, and there were no differences among years. During 7-5 I

I __

I spring, there were no significant differences among locations or years. Catches of I

largemouth bass were significantly larger at Transect G than at the other sampling locations during summer and largest of the 1976-19S0 period during 19S0. Fall catches reflect the attraction of the warm discharge area with catches largest at Transect E.

g 3

Warmouth catches during winter exhibited no significant differences in catches among transects or years. Spring, summer, and fall catches were significantly larger at Transect G than at Transects A and E.

These comparisons point out the strong recruitment of bluegill during 1980  ;

and the attraction and cvoidance response to the discharge area during winter and summer.

The overall analysis of chain pickeral catch indicated significant differences among transects with catches much larger at Transect G than at E or A. Data g

were then examined by making comparison among quarters and years for each 3 transect (Table 7.7). At Transect G there were no significant differences in pickerel catches among years or quarters. Catches were more variable in the discharge and lower impoundment areas. There were no significant yearly differ-ences at Transect E, but catches were larger during winter than during spring and g summer. No significant quarterly differences were found at Transect A, but E catches were largest during 1980.

Fyke Netting 5

Fyke nets were fished two consecutive days during the f all quarterly sampling at Transects A, E, F, and G to evaluate their sampling ef fectiveness and to aid in assessing abundance of larger centrarchids (Table 7.8). Catches at Transect A were composed of bluegill and largemouth bass and the bluegill collected averaged 145 g. Bluegills in this size range had not previously been collected in abundance by any gear used which indicates both a need for the regular use of fyke nets and an abundance of large bluegill in the lower portion of the impoundment, g

Transect E catches also contained many large bluegill and some very large black B crappie. Crappie had previously been taken very infrequently in the sampling.

7-6 i

R a

_ ._ --.--.-W

l

\

I l

t I

Bluegill were taken in low numbers at Transect F and were not present in Transect G catches. This suggests that during f all, adult bluegill are either not as abundant in the upper impoundment as in the lower impoundment or some factor (such as water temperature) affected their catchaollity differentially among sampling locations.

7.3 Standing Crop Estimates 7.3.1 Introduction Fish standing crops in Pobinson impoundment were estimated in 1980 by cove I rotenone sampling at the locations used in the past. A new cove was added at Station A3 which was thought to be more typical of the lower impoundment area.

These data allow location and yearly comparisons incorporating the vari s factors affecting fish populations. The following discussions will not include comparisons I of deformity rates or length frequency data previously presented (CP&L and LMS 1981).

7.3.2 Methods The procedures previously reported for cove rotenone sampling were gener-ally folicwed in 1980. Third day pickups were made at all locations since temperatures were near ambient (Unit 2 was off-line) during the sampling. The I block net at Station Al was stolen during the sampling so data presented for the lower impoundment are from the cove that was sampled at Station A3. While this may introduce additional error in comparisons to the lower impoundment, visual comparison of the data collected from Station Al and Station A3 prior to the disappearance of the block net indicated the species composition and relative I abundance was similar. When large numbers of similar sized fish of the same species were collected, 400 fish were measured (nearest mm) and tne remainder counted and weighed. Fish too small to weigh individually were grouped.

I I

7-7 I

I 7.3.3 Results and Discussion I

Standing crop estimates from the four impoundment areas sampled in 1980 ranged from 47.1 kg/ha to 123.9 kg/ha, and numbers ranged from 11,411 to 26,383 per hectare (Tables 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, and 7.12). These values are generally within ranges reported in previous years.

Comparing the catch from the headwaters area (G4) in 1930 to the aver ge I

catch from 1977-1979, total numbers per hectare are very similar, while total weights are larger. This difference in weights is due primarily to the larger weight of creek and lake chunsuckers and warmouth taken during 1980. Spotted sucker g

biomass was less than the average, but numbers were within ranges previously 3 collected. Comparing the 1930 headwater sample to the 1979 sample, the greatest difference was the decrease in golden shiners and the increase in centrarchids, including bluespotted sunfish, blackbanded sunfish, warmouth, and bluegill.

The upper impoundment cove rotenone sample (GI) in 1980 indicated values above the average for both total number and weight per hectare. Most species that exhibited appreciable changes fram either average values or from 1979 values exhioited increases, including golden shiner, creek chubsucker, spotted sucker, yellow bullhead, lined topminnow, mosquitofish, blackbanded sunfish, dollar sunfish, bluegill, and swamp darter. Pirate perch decreased in abundance from the 1979 level but was still above the 1974-1979 average. g 5

in the mid-impoundment area (EI), catches were much larger and more diverse in 1930 than in 1979. The number of taxa collected increased from 10 to 17, and increases were observed in the abundance of all taxa except redfin pickerel and raud sunfish which remained the same. Comparing 1930 catches to the 1974- g 1979 average catch, species composition was similar and most taxa exhibited 5 greater abundance in 1980. One exception was bluegill. The 1980 bluegili number was much larger than the number collected in 1979 but was still below the average for the El location.

l The lower impoundment was sampled in a different location in 1980 than had =

been sampled previously which may contribute to the variation seen when I

7-8 I

B

I comparing 1980 catches to 1979 or average catches (all years). The cove sampled in 1980 (A3) was larger and had a much larger proportion of shallow water and aquatic vegetation than the cove used during previous years (Al). This would probably result in greater numbers of small forms such as darters and mosquitofish I and possibly a reduction in fishes normally found in deeper water during the summer, such as suckers. When numbers collected during 1980 were compared to the average numbers for the lower impoundment (all years), increases were seen in eastern mudminnows, chain pickerel, chub:uckers, and bluespotted sunfish, and I there was a large increase in bluegill abundance. Warmouth and spotted suckers decreased. Much of the same pattern of increases and decreases is seen when comparing the 1979 catches to 1980 catches but, in addition to the large increase in bluegill, there was a large increase in bluespotted sunfish abundance.

Average weights of bluegill, largemouth bass, warmouth, snd total catches were plotted as an index to the s't:e distribution of fish in the sample (Figures 7.1-7.4). Larger average weights indicate a larger proportion of the sample were larger fish, while small average weights indicate many small fish (young-of-the-year) in the sample. Average weights from the headwaters area remained siinilar for isrgemouth bass, warmouth, and total catch. Bluegill, which had increased steadily from 1977 through 1979, declined sharply to the 1977 level indicating a j larger proportion of young fish than had been collected the two previous years. At E Station G1, the small numbers of largemouth bass collected resulted in widely fluctuating average weights. Average weights of warmouth and the total catch remained similar to previous years, and average weights of bluegill decreased.

Transect E catches exhibited decreases in average weight of warmouth, bluegill,

and total catch. This again illustrates the greater numbers of small fish taken in 1980 than had been collected in 1973 or 1979. Transect A catches also illustrate this pattern with smaller average weights, particularly of bluegill.

Overall, cove rotenone sampling in Robinson Impoundment indicates fish populations in the upper impoundment ar.d headwaters area are similar to previous years. Populations are diverse and both numbers and biomass were within or above the range of values expected for a blackwater impoundment. The mid- and lower-I impoundment areas exhibited a reversal in the trend of decreasing numbers and increasing average weights of sunfishes. The 1980 samples indicate tha presence of B

7-9 I

I I

large numbers of young-of-the-year sunfishes including bluegills, and at the mid-impoundment station, a very large increase in diversity, abundance, and biormss over 1979 values.

7.4 Growth Studies and Size Distribution 7.4.1 Introduction The problems encountered in determining the age of fishes in Robinson Impoundment from the examination of scales has been discussed previously (CP&L 1976,1979a). Examination of length frequency distribution has proven beneficial in evaluating year-class strength and growth rates of young-of-the-year for certain species. Tagging data provides growth information for larger individuals, however, numbers of fish rec.aptured have gmerally been small. An additional measure of both fish condition and growth is the relationship between length and weight. Since problems exist in aging Robinson Impoundment fishes using scales and the length frequency distribution of bluegill collected in 1930 has already been reported (CP&L and LMS 1931), this section will discuss the length-weight relationship of selected species among sampling years and locations and will update tne growth information gained from tag returns.

7.4.2 Methods Fish collected during 1980 were measured to the nearest mm (total length) l and weighed to the nearest gram. The cove rotenone sampling provided a relatively large amount of length and weight data from various areas of the impoundment within a short time period. The length-weight relationship was determined using the model log wt : log a > b log length for several species; g however, bluegill was the only species with adequate numbers to allow comparisons 3 among lower impoundment, n.id-impoundment, and upper impoundment areas from 1977-1980. The slopes of the resulting curves were compared using analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test.

Fish recaptured during 1930 that had been tagged previously and for which length and weight data are available were also used to compare growth. Days at I

l 7-10 5

m

?

I I large within the growing seasons (as previcusly designated in CP&T, 1980a) were used to estimate yearly growth.

7.4.3 Results and Discussion I Analysis of variance was performed on bluegill length-weight data from 1977 through 1980 at Transects A, E, and G and indicated a significant difference (0.05

o. level) among years. No significant difference was indicated among transects.

I Comparing mean values among years using an individual treatment comparison (orthogonal contrast) procedure, there was a significant difference between the mean length-weight regression slope in 1980 and the mean value for previous years.

The 1979 mean value was also compared to 1978 and the difference was found to be sign;ficant. Examining a ranking of the r..eans,1930 exhibited the largest value (3.29), followed by 1979 (3.07),1977 (2.53), and 1978 (2.43). This indicates that on the average bluegill taken in 1930 were in better condition (or more robast) than in previous years, it also suggests that bluegill in 1973 were in the poorest condition I of the years tested.

Of the tagged fish recaptured in 1980, only two warmouth and a flat bulb.ad fit the criteria of having length data from both tagging and recapture periods and had been at large for a period of time between the April 16-October 31 growing I season. The warmouth exhibited growths of 11.4 and 3.3 mm per year, and the flat bullhead exhibited growth of 33.2 mm per year.

7.5 Fish Reproduction 7.5.1 Introduction The 1980 ichthyoplankton sampling program agt acentrated on the April through August period with weekly sampling. Sampling in November and February was continued in conjunction with other quarterly activities to allow continued quarterly comparisons.

I I 7-11 I

B

I I

7.5.2 Methods Shorelirie areas were sampled with the plexiglass funnel traps previously described (CP&L 1976b). Stations sampled are indicated on Figure 7.1 and represent lower, mid, and upper impoundment areas. Open water areas were sampled with 0.5 m push nets (CP&L 1975a) during the day and at night on Transects At E, F, ar.J G.

7.9.3 Results and Locussion Shoreline Areas Plexiglass larval trap catches s ers +. .e mott diverse (number of taxa) at I

Transect G and during May, June, and July (Table 7.13). Darters were the dominant taxa at most $2mpling locations in Febr Jary, April, May, and Nuember.

Lurnog the summer unidentif.'ed sunfishes dominated catches at Transects A, F, and g C. Using tne number of taxa o!!ceted as an indication of " spawning activity," E Transects A and E increased in May, while Transects F and G began increasing in April. The number of taxa decreased t.t Transect E during July and remained low during Augt.st, while at Transects F and G, the number of taxa was high in July, t.:id decreaud slightly in August.

Catch rates (in {x+1}) were plotted over sampling weeks frem April through August for darters, sunfish, and total catch for each sampling location (Figures 7.5, 7.6, and 7.7). Temperatures recorded in 19S0 at the time of sample collection

(+veckly inean of two collections) and the logs of mean catches of all (in {x+1})

pruvious sampling years are also included.

Darter catches were generally larger in 1980 than the average of past Sampling years, but the patterns of spawr.ing sct4ity were similar. At Transect A, low numbers of darters were taken throughout the sampling period. Then w :<;

individea! weeks that exhibited elevated catch rates, but there were no extensive spawning periods. There were distinctive differencer in catch rates between Stations El and E3. Most darter spawning actisity at El occuned during April and early May, while at E3 decreased larval catches were seen only during July.

I -

7-12 I

a

=1

____j

I Catches at F3 were larger ths. ' . F1 and decreased at both C3 and F1 during July and August. Catches at G3 were also larger than catches at G1 ar.d, like catches at Transect F, decreased during July and August. The cctch of darters at E3 during August may have been ir!!uenced by the small stream flowing into the impound-me..t 0. car that sta tion.

Sunfish catches in 1980 were similar to the average catch in past years for the April through August period both in numbers and temporal distribution. At Transect A, catches increased in mid-June and remained relatively stable through

-I August, except that the largest collection of the period was made the last week of August at A3. Sunfish larvae were taken at El during all montns, but nambers collected varied. Largest catches were made in June and July. Station E3 catches were much smaller with or.!y three collections including sunfishes, these in early June, mid-July, and late At. Sunfish catches were larger at Transect F than at Transects A or E and largest a alllocations at Transect G. Temporal distributions g were similar at Transects F and G, with catches increasing in May and reaching a M rnaximum in late May and June. Catches of sunfish at F1 decreased in late June and remained small thrcagh the rest of the sampling period. The Station F3 catch of sunfish al>o declined in late June but then increased in July and remained relatively large in August. Station G1 catches declined slightly following a late I May peak but remained large until mid-August wnen they declined sharply. At 5tation G3, sunfish catches exhibited a sharp decl!ne in early .7une. Examining the remainder of the samples on that week,it was found that many ju'.enile largemouth bass were taken, and it is suspected that they ate most of the sunfish present in the traps. Following a peak in sunfish density in late June, there was a decline followed by a steady increase through the end ot August.

Total catches generally reflected the patterns seen in darters and sunfish.

I The diff rences dicate there were other taxa present in the catch, but that none made particularl significant contributions to the total.

I Analysis c variance and Duncan's Multiple Ran;;e test were used to make statistical compar. ons of the data (Table 7.14). Transect A catches indicated no iI significant differencu 5etween stations for the groups tested. Significant dif fer-ences were indica;ed anmng years for datters, which exhibited significantly 'arger il 7 13

'I I

I catches in 1979 and 1980 than in 1978. No yearly differences were indicated in I

sunfish or total catches. Transect E catches exhibited significant differences in catches of darters and sunfish between stations, with the catch of darters largest at Station 3 and the catch of sunfish largest at Station 1. All broups tested exhibited significantly larger catches in 1980 than in 1975 and the total and darter catches in 1980 were significantly larger than in 1979. Transect F catches exhibited significant station differences with total and datter catches larger at Station 3 than Station 1. There were sir,nificant differences among years for the three groups tested with 1979 and 1930 catches larger than catches in 1978.

Transect G catchet exhibited significant differences between t.tations and years, with catches larger at Station 3 and larger in 1979 and 1980 than in 15/8.

Open nter Areas Push net catches, like plexiglass larval trap catches, were inost diverse (number of taxa) at Transect G (Table 7.15). Considering individual transects and months, Transect A diversity was greatest during May, Transect E greatest during May and June, Transect F greatest during April, May, and June, and Transect G greatest daring April, May and June. Catches were generally dominated by darters in Feuruary, April, May, and November, while sunfishes were the dominant taxa during June, July, and August.

Examining plots of darter, sunfish, and total catch per 1,000 m3 (Figures 7.8, .

7.9, and 7.10), it appeart, that 1980 catches at all locat;ons were larger than the l average over pa:t years. Darters were aburdant in samples the first week of April at Transect A and E and increased to a maximum the first week of May. Catches at Transect A declined during June, and few darters were taken in July oc August.

Darter citches at Transect E declined in early June and were not collected during g the reng.nder of the summe- Darter catches at Transects F and G were generally E larger than at Transects A and E, and the high densities atta!ned in May continued through most of lune. Darter denshies fluctuated widely in July and August at Transects F and G, with some samples containing few darters hnd others indicating high densites. Sunfish catches were larger earlier in the spring at Transect E (Apr'O than at the other locations sampled. Transect F and G sunfish catches increased in early May, while catches at Transect A did not increase until late I

7-14 l l

e L May. These differences are probably the result of several f actors: earlier spawning caused by temperature elevations at Transect E, initiation of spawning at different times by dif ferent sunfish species, and the habitat sampled. (Larvae would occupy.the open water areas at Transect A a longer time af ter the initiation

- of spawning than at Transects F and G which are nearer shore.) Sunfish catches from all transccts reached a maximum in June, but the catches were much larger at Transect G than at the other locations. Transect F catches were intermediate between Transect G and Transects A and E. Sunfish catches at Transects A and E declined in late July and August, while catches at Transects F and G indicated high densities consistently throughaut the summer, l.ike plexi;i lass trap estches, total catches generally reflected patterns seen in darter and sunfish catches, indicating that they were the major ichthyoplankton groups present.

Analysis of veriance and Duncan Multiple Range Test were used to evaluate differences among transects, sampling periods, and sample years for darters, sunfish, and total catches (Table 7.16). Sunfish and total catches exhibited I significant sampling period differences, with night catches larger than day catches.

All groups tested indicated Transect G catches were significantly larger than catches at other transects. Catches at Transect F (of all groups) were significant!y smaller than Transect G catches and signifi:antly larger than catenes fro n Trassects A and E. Catches from Transects A and E were not significantly I different from each other for any of the groups. Considering sampling years (197S-1930), sunfish catches and total catches exhibited significant differences, with 1930 largest, 1979 intermediate, and 1978 smallest. Darter catches were irrger in 1979 than in 1980 but were not significantly different, and both 1979 and 1980 catches were significantly larger than 1978 catches.

7.6 Ichthyoplankton Entrainment 7.6.1 Introduction Entrainment sampling frequency followed the same schedule as ichthyo-phnkton sampling efforts in tne impoundment. All catches have been adjusted to a standard volume (1,000 m ) for comparison. These data can be compared to distribution of ichthyoplankton as indicated by push nets and plexiglass larval traps to evaluate the effect of intake entrainment on impoundment populations.

7 15

I I

7.6.2 Methods Sampling during 1930 followed the procedures previously described for entrainment sampling (CP&L 1979a,1930a). A frame fitted with 30 cm ichthyo-plankton nets with flowmeters was lowered into the intake bay for sample collection. The flowmeters indicated there was turbulent and varlable flow, but by samplin a, in a uniform manner and quantifying catches per volume of water, the samples are thought to be representative. Additionally, replicate samples were collected simultaneously using the frame apparatus.

7.6.3 Results and Discussion Taxa collected in entrainment samples were similar to impoundment collec-tions, with darters the p edominant taxa during the April and May period and sunfishes predominating during the June through August period (Table 7.17). .4o larvae were collected in February, and the density of darters entrained during April and May was much less than the impoundment rnean. Tota, numoeu cr.treinad were' generally highest during June and July, but densities were much less than impoundment mean values and less than most locations sampled. Numbers were variable over the sampling period, and no trends other than n:,rmal seasonal shif ts in cornpositian and density were evident.

It does not appear that the H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant is affecting e impoundment ichthyoplankton populations. The plant is cropping a proportion of 5 those larvae available in the water column, but the intake is located in a rieep water ares where lehthyoplankton densities are low.

7.7 Fish Impingement 7.7.1 Introduction The impirgement sampling frequency in 1980 was based on analysis of 1974-I 1979 impingement data. Sampling was conducted such that impingement rates were represented throughout the ycar, and both seasonal and yearly comparisons could be made.

I 7-16 I

I

H F a L 7.7.2 Methods 9

~

Impingement sampling procedures for 19S0 were the same as were described previously (CP&L 1976b). Basically, samples were collected from the traveling I intake screens af ter a known period of time (usually approximately 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />) and the fish examined. Catch rates were adjusted for sampling time and reported as-number of fish impinged per day (24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />). Sampling perioos or strata were defined from analysis of previous data, indicating periods when impingement rates were not significantly different between weekn Sampling within these periods I allowed an estimation of impingement rates for that period. Periods were defined -

as Period 1, January February, March, April, May, June, October, November, and December; Period 2, July; Period 3, August; and Period 4, September.

7.7.3 Results and Discussion Results of 1980 impingement sampling are presented in Table 7.13 for both I Units 1 and 2. As in past years, bluegill was the dominant soe+ 2. Wui numoers and weight. Chain pir.kerel were im*;'Ad ... iow numbers, but the individuals uere large and contributed sipinu4 *o the total biomass.

Impingement on the Unit 1 intake screens was much less than on Unit 2. The I species composition of fish was similar on the two units, bJt more Craffish were impinged on Unit i than on Unit 2. Numbers of fish impinged on the Unit 2 screens varie d among sampling periods. Numbers were lowest during Period I and were murn higher during Periods 2,3, and 4. This corresponds to fish spawned during the sp ing and summer entering the impingeable population in late summer. The lower numbers taken in September (Periori 4) compared to July and August probably result from the reduced number of circulating water pumps operating during that I period.

Numbers and weights of fish Impinged were much larger in 1950 than in 1979 but were similar to values reported in 1975,1976, and 1977. The number of bluegill impinged was small relative to nurnbers in the impoundment (see 7.2 and 7.3) and reflected the shifts in abundance and size distributions since 19/9. The data indicate that impingement is not affecting fish populations significantly. Because of this and since impingement rates merely reflect the impingeable population, impingement sampling efferts will be reduced in the future.

7 17

I 7.8 Summary I

Fisheries studies in 1930 were designed to continue the evaluation of fish I

populattoas in the Robinson impoundment. The results were compared to past years to aid in evaluating effects of the H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant on fit.h populations.

5pecies collected in 1980 were similar to previous years. No new species I

were added to the list and the species previously colJccted that were not taken in 1930 were those that had been collected sporadically or in low number in the past.

Gill net catches in 1980 were similar in composition and distribution to past catches, with golden shiners, chubsuckers, and yellow bullheads the predominant species. However, several 1930 catches were larger than catches made in 1979.

Seine collections were largest and most diverse at Transect G and were larger during summer and f all of 1980 than during the same periods in 1979. These were prirnarily because of a greater abundance of young-of-the-year sunfishes. Catches were also more diverse in Transect G electrofishing samples than in samples from the other transect' eith catches from the lower impoundment dominated by bluegills. 1.arp nt '

s were abundant in the discharge area in October and November, and there ..a a noticeable increase in young-of-the-year bL egill (in late summer and fall samples) over 1979. Fyke net catches included more large bluegills than had been indicated by previous sampling. Also, black crapple were l

collected in greater abundance than had been previously indicated. ,,

N l

Cove rotenone sampling indicated numbers and weight ot fishes collected were within ranges previously reported, but there were same noticeable differ-l I ences. Most locations increased in numbers and weights of fishes over 1979 levels, and a large proportion of this increase was due to rnany more small sunfishes. The g collection at Station El was much larger and more diverse than in 1979, and a 5 l calculation of average weights of selected taxa indicated more small fish (yving-of-the-year) in all areas of the impoundment. The growth and condition of bluegills in Robinson impoundment was compared among areas and years by comparing the length-weight relationship. Bluegills collected in 1980 exnibited the best condition

! of the 1978-1930 period and 1978 the worst. There was no significant difference in condition among locations sampled.

7-18 I

E

I I Larval fish sampling indicated numbers were greatest and compositian most diverse in the Transect G area, and generally decreased down the impoundment.

Darters were the most abundant taxa during February, April, May, and November, while sunfishes were the dominant form in June, July, and August. Sunfish catches I increased earlier in the year at Transects F ard G than at A and E, probably due to differences in spawning periods of various sunfish species. Sunfish Jarval abun-dance decreased at most locations 1.n July and August, but larvae remained abundant at Transect G through Aug'ist. Statistical analysis of larval catch data indicated that at most locations and for most groups, abunaance in 1979 and 1980 was significantly greater than in 1978. Day-night comparisons of push net collections indicated sunfish and total catches were greater at night than during the day, but there was no significant day-night difference in darter catches.

Ichthyoplankton entrainment into the plar?'s cooling water intake w , low compared to the trean impoundment densities. Species composition and temporal distribution was similar to that observed in push nets. The lower abundance was I probably due to the locatioa of the intake in a deep open arcs of the impoundment.

Blueglit was the most abundant fish impinged on the Robinson Plant intake screens. Chain pickerel contributed appreciably to the biomass, but the nurnber of I individuals was small. Bluegill abundance increased sharply in late summer and fall as fish spawned duting spring and summer entered the impingeable population. Fish impingement apparently reflects ratner than affects impoundment fish densities and fluctuations.

Overall, most measures of de Robinson impoundment fish population indicate 1930 was a good year. Populations increased in abundance and conditions over recently past years, and there was good rpawning and survival of most species. No I data indicated adverse changes in the fish populations in 1980; and while there was some localized attrac* ion and avoidance of the thermal discharge, there was little overall affect of plant operation on impounomen; fish populations.

lI I 7-19 l

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I 1

l I

Bl Table 7.1 Comrnon and scientific names of tishes collected from Robinson impoundment Commen Name Scientific Name 1974-1978 1979 1980 American eel A.3guilla rostrata X Bowfin Amia calva ~~- X X X Eastern mudminnow Umbra pygmaea X X X Redfin pickerel Esox americang X X X Chain pickerel Esox niger X X X g Unidentified pickerel Golden shiner Esox sp.

Notemigonus chrysoleucas X X X g X X 1roncolor shiner Notropis chalybaeus X X X Dusky shiner Notropis cummingsae X X A Unidentified rninnor Cyprinidae l Creek chubsucker drimyzon oblongus X X X m X X X Lake chubsucker Erimyton suce:ta X X X Spotted sucker Minytrema melanops X X X Unidentified chubsucker Erimyzon sp. X X X Unidentified sucker Catostomidae X X White catfish letalurus catus X Yellow bullhead letalurus natalis X X E

Brown bullhead X g letalurus nebulosus X Flat oullhead letalurus platycepnalus X X X Tadpole madicm Noturus gyrinus X X X Unidentified modtum Notorus sp.

l X X X E Unidentitied catfish Ictaturidae X X Swampfish Chologaster cornuta X g Pirate perch Aphredoderus sayanus Lined topminnow Fundulus lineolatus X

X X X g X X Mosquitofish Gambusia af finis X X X Mud sunfish Acantharchus pomotis X X X E Flier Centrarchus macropterus Everglades pigmy sunfish Elassoma evergladel X $

X Banded pigmy sunfish Elassoma zona' -

X X X Unidentified pigmy sunfish Elassoma sp. X X Blackbanded sunfish Enneacanthue .odon X X X Bluespotted surtfish Enneacanthus . .iosus X X X Unidentified banded sunfish Enneacantnus se. X X X g Redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus X X x Pumpkinseed Lecomis gibbosus X 5

Warmouth Lepomis gulosus X X X Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus X X X Dollar sun 11sh Lepomis marginatus X X X Redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus X X X Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides X X X White crappie Pomox2s annularis X Black crappie PomoxTs nigromaculatus X X Unidentified crapple Pomoxis sp. X Sunfish laybrid Lepomis sp. X X X g Unidentified sunfish Lepomis sp. X X X g Swamp darter Etheostoma fusiforme X X X 7-20 E.

.. - . . - ~ - - . . _ _ . . . . _ . . - . . . . . . - - . . - . . - . - . - - _ - . - . . . . _ _ - . _

I I '

Table 7.1 (continued)

Common Name Scientific Name 1974-1978 1979 1980 Tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi X X X

E Sav cheek darter Etheostoma serrif erum X X X g Unidentified darter Percidae X X X ,

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Table 7.2 Fishes collected with 100 f t. experimental gill nets from Robinson impoundment during 1980l .

Winter Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall Station A-1 Station A-3 Chain pickerel 1.I 1.1 2.5 Creek dubsucker 0.5 Yello

• bullhead 0.5 g Bluegill 0.5 1.1 16.8 0.6 g TOTAL 1.1 1.1 2.7 19.3 0 0 0 0.6 Station E-1, Statior E-3 Chain pickerel 0.6 3.0 0.5 0.5 Spotted sucker 0.5 g Lake chubsucker 0.5 g Yellov bt.llhead 0.5 1.5 1.1 2.5 Pirate perch 0.5 0.5 Warmouth 0.5 0.5 l Bluegill 0.5 g ll Largemouth bass 1.0 Unidentified 0.6 0.5 TOTAL 0.5 0 2.8 4.0 1.6 0.5 1.6 4.0 Station F-1 Station F-3 Chain pickerel 0.6 0.6 1.1 GoMen shiner 0.5 0.5 Creek chubsucker 1.1 0.6 Lake chubsucker 0.5 0.5 1.6 2.6 E

Spotted sucker 0.5 1.1 5 Flat bullhead 0.5 1.1 Yellow bullhead 0.6 2.2 1.1 2.4 g Unidentified bullhead 0.5 g Pirate perch 0.5 Warmouth 0.5 Largemouth bass 0.6 g Bluegill 0.6 0.6 g Unidentified 0.6 TOTAL 2.1 0 1.8 2.2 8.0 0 3.3 6.6 Station Gd Station G-3 Chain pickerel 0.5 0.6 1.6 g Golden shiner 2.1 2.7 1.7 1.6 0.4 6.0 g Creek chubsucker 1.2 3.6 1.3 Lake chubsucker 1.5 0.5 1.6 1.6 Spotted sucker 0.5 0.5 l Pirate perch 0.5 g 7-22 a

- - . . . . - . . . - . - - - - - _ . - . . . _ _ - - - - - . - - . . . . _ _ . _ ~ - - - . - . _ _

I l

Table 7.2 (Continued)

I Quarter Quarter I Winter Soring Summer Station G-1 Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall 5_tation G.3 Yellow bullhead 0.3 1.3 1.6 0.5 0.4 1.0 Flat bullhead 0.5 1.2 0.) J.)

Warmouth 3.3 1.0 Largeinouth bass 0.4 Bluegill I TOTAL 6.9 11.3 2.1 2.6 8.4 0.8 0 03 ij.2 I

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'I 1(Number per 24-hour set from mean of two consecutive sets per quarter).

I 7-23 l

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I Bl Table 7.3 Fishes collected by seining from Robinson impoundment during 1980 (number per haul).

J' inter Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall j Statwn A-1

• 5tation A-3 Chain pickerel 2 2 1 Lined topminnow 1 Mosquitofish 98 3 Bluegill 1 10 Swamp darter TOTAL 3 2 111 0 0 3 Station E-1

• Station E-3

• TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 Station F-1 Statio1 F-3 Golden shiner 1 Chain pickerel 4 7 3 3 1 2 3 Creek chubsucker a g Lined topminnow 73 1 13 18 g Mosquitofish 13 18 6 3 Bluespotted sunfish 2 i Blackbanded sunfish 1 1 1 7 Warmouth 1 7 g Bluegill Dollar sunfish 1 1 150 483 1

19 31 g 1

Largemouth bass 3 2 12 1 Swamp darter 1 1 m TOTAL 9 9 242 509 4 2 53 91 l Station G-1 Station C-3 Chain pickerel 3 3 3 5 2 23 l 's 6 Unidentified pickerel 1 2 g troncolor sh!ner Dusky shiner 31 g 1

Golden shiner 1 Lined topminnow 2 26 32 6 36 121 9 8

Mosquitofish 23 4 16 m Blackbanded sunfish 1 3 22 I

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7-24 E

_..____...________m--._ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ . . _ - - _ . _ .

l l

l l Table 7.3 Continued l

Winter Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Sumener Fajl 5tatior - 1 Station G-3 Bluespotted sunfish I

2 13 10 18 3 Warmouth 3 18 3 3 Bluegill 2 27 3 33 13 34 92 Dollar sunfish 24  : 11 95 113 13 Largemouth bass 1 1 4 14 Swamp darter 2 1 1 24 7 6 TOTAL 11 78 62 144 17  ;'/ 3 313 13S I *No sample collected occause of change in nit ,!:oring program.

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E 7-23 lI

Table 7.4 Fishes collected per hour of electrofishing from Robinson Impoundment daring 1980.

Feb May g Sept Oct Nov Feb May Aug Sept Oct Nov Station Al Station A3 11edfin pickerel 2 Chain pickerel 2 6 4 6 4 14 2 Spotted sucker 2 Yellow bullhead 2 4 4 Mud sunfisn 2 Bluespotted sunfish 4 4 2 4 Bluegill 374 22 38 50 366 312 176 22 18 12 452 396 Warmouth 2 Largemouth bass 4 2 10 Swamp darter 2 Y Centrachid hybrid 4 2 TOTA 1, 388 26 54 52 374 320 182 28 32 14 452 41G Station El Stetion E3 Eastern mudminno'v 2 Itedfin pickerel 2 Chesin pickerel 12 6 4 4 2 2 6 Golden shmer 2 Creek chubsucker 4 2 4 Lake chubsucker 2 Spotted sucker 2 4 2 8 6 Yellow bullhead 2 Pirate perch 4 2 Illackbunded sunfish 2 Illuespotted sunfish 2 Wurmouth 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 14uegill 10 6 10 6 62 38 32 22 116 186 110 58 Largemouth bass 8 6 26 23 8 4 70 94 Swamp darter 4 TOTAI, 3R 10 36 10 100 74 60 26 122 188 18R 160 RM M M M M M M M M M M M M

m _

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Table 7.4 (Cantinued)

Feb May Aug Sept Oct Nov Feb May Aug Sept Oct Nov Station F-1 Station F-3 _

2 llow fin 8 2 2 12 2 18 6 6 Chain pickerel 10 4 16 50 10 Golden shiner 12 16 2 4 4 6 8 8 Creek chubsucker 10 S 4 2 4 Lake chubsucker 8 2 IG 20 14 22 6 l Spotted sucker 4

l Pirnte perch 2 2 2

l Illackbanded sunfish 4 2 4 4 2 2 8 6 6 Illuespotted sunfish 4 4 6 6 14 8 6 38 6 2 I Warmouth 202 14 8 464 70 4 20 12 I [ liluegill 2 4 4

6

-a Dollar sunfish 4 6 4 2 2 2 30 56 2 2 2 Largemouth bass 2 l 2 l lilcek cruppie 2 2 4 2r Swamp darter 26 266 68 24 20 70 530 153 48 71 88 TOTAL 44 l

Station G-1 Station G-3 4 12 14 8 6 4 Chain pickerel 8 6 8 l

2 32 2 200 50 14 l Golden sniner 2 Shiner unid. 36 32 6 70 6 84 64 14 2 8 Creek chubsucker 2 2 2 8 2 Lake chubsucker 4 6 32 4 2 12 6 12 4 2 j Spotto 1 sucker 6 4 2 6 2 8 Pirate perch 1 Mosquitofish 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 tilackbanded sunfish 8 8 18 10 24 8 10 6 6 liluespotted sunfish 20 8

46 14 12 2 16 12 4 2 2 Wa.-mouth 16 60 202 2 10 2 12 106 l Illuegill 2 6 6 64 4 10 24 4 4 10 56 l Dollar sunfish 18 14 6 22 12 16 2 10 16 4 i Largemouth bass 4 i 6 8 Swamp darter 258 IG 416 340 64 40 124 14 122 244 TOTAL 98 78

I Table 7.5 Waller Duncan K ratio t-tests for 1980 electrofishing catch comparing sampling quarters and locations.

Taxa Sampling Location Sampling Quarter Total catch G A E 11 2 8 3 Bluegill A E G 11 2 8 3 Largemouth bass G E A 11 E 2 3 Warmouth G E A 3 2 8 11 Chain pickerel No significant difference No significant dif f-rence I

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Continuous lines represent quarters or transects with catches not significantly 3 i different (93% CL Log catch per hour). g I'

l 7-23 1

5

I I l I Table 7.6 Waller-Duncan V, ratio t-tests for electrofishing locations, and years by season (quarter).

catch comparing i

Quarter Location Year Winter Total ca tch *

• Bluegill

• 1977 1978 1979 1976 1980 I Largemouth Lass Warmouth E G A No significant difference No significant dif ference No significant difference Spring Total catch No significant dif ference 1978 la76 1979 1977 1980 BlueglL A E G 1978 1976 1977 1979 1980

! crgemouth bass No significant dif ference No significant difference w armouth G A E 1976 1978 1979 1980 1977 Sgmmer Total catch G A E 1930 1976 1977 1973 1979 Bluegill A G E 1977 1976 1980 19)S 1979 Largemouth bass G A E 1980 1977 1976 1978 1979 Warmouth G A E I 1976 1977 1980 1978 1979 Fall Total catch A G E 1980 1977 1976 1978 1979 Bluegill A E G 1980 1977 1976 1978 1979 Largemouth bass E G A 1977 1950 1979 1976 1978 4 armouth -

l G A E No significant difference

• Significant interactions in the comparison Note: Continuous lines nnect years or locations with catches not significantly l different (93% CL) (Log catch per hour).

I 7-29 r

I Table 7.7 Results of Waller-Duncan K ratio t-tests for electrofishing catch of chain pickerel, comparing seasons (quarters) and years by sample location.

4 Location Quarter .' ear j Transect A No significant difference 1980 1979 1978, 1976 1977 l Trce. sect E Winter Fall Spring Summer No significant differen l

Transect G No significant difference No significant difference Note: Continuous lines connect years and quarters with catches not significantly dif ferent (95% CL) (Log catch per hour)

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7-30 m

~ - _ . -

l Table 7.3 Fishes collected with fyke nets from Robinson impoundment l during November 1980.

Transect A Number Collected

• Weight Collected (g)

Bluegill 23.6 3,414 Largemouth bass 2.7 626 TOTAL 26.3 4,040

, Transect E

! Black Crappie 3.2  !,449 I Bluegill Largemouth bast Warmouth 6.5 3.8

.5 868 905 198 Yellow bullhead 1.1 463 TOTAL 15.1 3,833 Transect F Bluegill 2.3 318 Bowfin .5 784 TOTAL 3.4 1,103 Transect G Spotted Sucker I Tarmouth TOTAL

.3

.6 1.1 293 100 393

• (Number per 24-hour set from mean of two consecutive sets.)

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Table 7.9 Fishes collected by cove rotenone ssmpling from the headwaters area of Robinson impoundment (Station G4)

Average Number Average Weight por llectare Number per liectare per llectare Weight gr liectare Species 1977-1979 _

1930 1977-1979 " 80

, Eastern mudminnow 54 197 79 224 Itedfin pickerel 136 108 1318 1763 Chain pickerel 52G 758 16,201 13,12G Golden shiner 4810 2135 7694 518G Ironcolor shiner 1654 920 654 356 Dusky shiner 227 0 115 0 Unidentified shmer 464 0 159 0 Creek chubsucker 158 313 3479 16,270 Lake chubsucker 23 143 4689 10,268 Unidentifit.d chubsucker 32 348 26 SSI u Spotted sucker 44 35 16,451 7924 6

Ycilow bullhead 377 220 1044 2320 Flat bullhead 0 74 0 19 Tadpole madtom 33 135 23 112 Unidentitied madtom 79 0 60 0 Srtampfish 1 0 1 0 Pirate perch 4802 5499 4449 63G2 Lined topminnow 1489 64:1 1005 352 Mosquitorish 190 201 54 58 Mud sur. fish 245 147 2242 1477 Danded pigmy sunfish 13 85 8 23 Everglades pigmy sunfish 3 0 3 0 Unidentified pigmy stmfish 79 19 9 0 Blackbanded sunfish 2751 3995 3449 5523 Uluespotted sunfish 6854 658G 9012 9486 Warmouth 1179 1996 16,752 31,727 Bluegill 335 410 2901 2978 Bowfin 0 4 0 329 Dollar sunfish 1043 1021 2787 4424 Itedear sunfish 8 4 68 15 Largemouth bass 110 213 3337 2761 Swamp darter 79 77 27 35 Sawcheck darter 93 93 60 54 Tessellated darter 19 0 19 0 TOTAL 27,909 26,383 98,205 123,854 Im m m' W W MB M M M -

M M M M

M M M M. M M M M i

Table 7.10 Fishes collected by cove rotenone sampling frem the upper area of Robinson Impoundment (Station GI)

Average Number Average Weight per llectare Number per IIcetare per llectare Weight per liectare Species 1974-1979 1980 1974-1979 1980 l Eastern mudminnow 5 7 15 15 Itedfin pickerel 19 59 194 558 Chain pickerei 191 291 7259 6631 Golden shiner 98 1329 220 22,320 ,

Unidentified shiner 0 15 0 7 Creek chubsucker '50 720 2640 19,877 Lake chubsucker 12 7 802 170 Unidentified chubsucker 0 477 0 1336 Spotted sucker 252 316 21,349 27,888 Y Yellow bullhead 118 705 286 1116 U Tadpole mndtom 4 0 4 0 Unidentified madtom 4 0 4 0 Pirnte perch fl 17 1013 1149 1168 Lined topminnow .62 17G2 403 999 i Mosquitofish 150 1689 93 345 Mud sunfish 27 14 178 37 ilanded pigmy sunfish 11 7 6 0 illockbanded sunfish 357 999 426 925 Illuespotted sunfish 4801 5177 5207 6050 Itedbreast sunfish 0 7 0 37 Warmouth 2368 2768 15,876 10,185 tilack croppic 0 7 0 29 tiluegill 2012 1990 14,475 4773 Dollar sunfish 1678 2298 3954 3972 liedear sunfish 2 0 28 0 Largemouth bass 127 279 3370 3936 Unidentified hybrid sunfish 12 0 97 0 Swamp darter 1022 2298 234 507 Saweheed darter 67 360 32 14G Tessellated darter 4 0 4 0 TOTAL 14,807 21,599 82,305 113,03G

Table 7.11 Fishes collected by cove rotenone sampling from the middle area of Robinson Impoutwiment (Station EI)

Average Number Average Weight per llectare Nuraber pe- Ilectare per Itectare Weight per licetare Speeles 1974-1979 1930 197 F 1979 1980 lledfin pickerel 40 24 1763 377 Chain pickeml 49 226 4814 19,318 Goldeia shiner 32 476 102 476 Ironcolor shiner 2 0 2 0 Dusky shiner 2 0 2 0 Creek hubsucker 18 94 591 1,582 Unidentified chubsucker 0 90 0 80 Spotted sucker 2 0 25 0 Yellow bullhead 72 410 1297 1733 Swampfish 12 0 9 0 Y Pirate perch 71 108 324 617 Y Lined topminnow 4 9 6 14 Mosqaltofish 68 410 24 101 Mud sunfish 13 5 466 184 Illackbanded sunfish 97 12 246 71 Illuespotted sunfish 374 353 773 631 Itedbreast sunfish 3 0 108 0 Warmouth 360 504 16,156 4,898 Illuegill 10,222 7803 44,196 31,454 Dollar sunfish 6 0 g 11 0 Largemouth bas- 104 174 2630 5530 Unidentified hybrid sunfish 7 0 113 0 Swamp derter 208 673 83 165 Sawcheek darter 3 5 2 0 TOTAL 11,763 11,411 73,721 d7,293 CW M M M'~ M .

E M M' M M M M M

m -

m m M M Table 7.12 F:shes collected by cove rotenone sampling from the lower area of Robinson Impoundment (Station A1 1974-1979; Station A31980)

Average Number Average Welght perllectare Number per llectare perliectare Weight per llectare Species 1974-1979 _ 1980 1974-1979 1980 Eastern mudminnow 9 194 21 30G lledfin pickerel 40 40 1752 1993 Chain pickuel 202 399 34,288 23,498 Golden shiner 27 6 107 8 Dusky shiner 2 0 2 n Unidentified shiner 1 0 1 0 Creek chubsucker 11 69 1782 1508 Lake chubsucker 2 3 57 265 Unidentified chubsucker 3 14 2 40 7 Spotted sucker 107 18 19,277 2,120 M White entfish 1* O 3* O Yellow bullhead 19 85 176 172 Pirate perch 66 7 280 21 Lined topminnow 17 118 21 72 Mosquitofish 779 583 220 153 Mud sunfish 5 0 187 0 l 13anded pigmy sunfish 2 0 1 0

lilackbanded sunfish 60 36 108 71 I

lituespotted sunfish 2353 2876 3961 3548 Itedbreast sunfish 90** 0 1399'* O Warmouth 399 8 18,608 1217 Illuegill 3810 8802 17,055 11,584 l Largemouth bass 21 10 4773 333 l Unidentified hybrid sunfish 15 0 292 0 Swamp darter 582 613 305 152 Sawcheck darter 39 0 19 0 TOTA 1, 8662 13,881 104,646 47,063 l

l

• Not collected in cove rotenone samples since 1974 l

• Not collected in cove rotenone samples since 1975 sy-- ,

e Table 7.13 Number of taxa and most abundant taxa collected from Robinson Impoundment with plexiglass larval fish traps during 1980.

Transect A E F G Febru ary Number of taxa No catch 1 1 2 Dominant taxa Unid. darters Unid. darters Unid. pickerel April Number of taxa 2 4 6 7 Dominant taxa Unid darters Unid. darters Unid. darters Unid. darters May I

Number of taxa 4 7 7 11 Dominant taxa Unid. 'arters Unid. darters Unid, darters Unid. sunfish June Number of taxo 4 6 6 11 Dominant taxa Unic, sunfish Swamp darter Unid. sunfish Unid. sunfish M

July Number of taxa 4 3 9 14 Dominant taxa Unid. sunfish Swamp darter Unid. sunfish Unid. sunfish AucJst

Number of taxa 4 3 5 8 Dominant taxa Unid. sunfish Swamp darter Unid sunfish Unid sunfish

! November l

Number of taxa 1 3 4 No Cat:h Dominant taxe Unid. darters Bluegill Swamp darter l

7-36 E

=

m m mM M M M M m m M M M M M M M Teble 7.14 Duncan's multiple range comparison of plexiglas larval trap catch rates.I Dar ters , Sunfish Total Catch Transect A Transer.t A Transect A Year itate Station Rate Year Rate Station Rate Year Rate Station Rate 1980 0.17 N .S. N .S. N .S. N.S. N.S.

1979 0.11 1973 0.03 Transect E Transect E Transect E

"';o 0.40 3 0.26 1980 1 0.13 1980 0.51

" 0.10l 1979 0.19 1979 0.09 1979 0.33 N.S.

1973 0.02 1 0.15 1973 0.03 3 0.02 1978 0.16 Transect F Transect F Transect F 1980 0.39 3 0.32 1979 0.82 1979 0.94 3 0.89 1979 0.21 1980 0.69 N .S. 1930 0.92 1973 0.07 1 0.13 1973 0.14 1973 0.47 1 0.66 Transect G Transect G Transect G 1980 0.28 3 0.30 1930 1.13 3 1.03 1930 1.35 3 1.35 1979 0.24 1979 1.03 1979 1.26 1973 0.12 1 0.13 1973 0.64 1 0.84 1973 1.01 1 1.07 I

Catch rates are expressed as the log of the mean catch per 24-hour period. Rates ,

cor nected by solid fines are not significantly dif ferent (P:0.05). N.S. = no significant '

difference.

I Table 7.13 Number of taxa and most abundant taxa collected from Robinson impoundment with 0.3 m push nets during 1930.

I Transect A E F G February Number of taxa 2 1 1 1 Dominant taxa Unid. darters Unid darters Unid, darters Unid. darters April Number of taxa 1 2 6 7 I

Dominant taxa Unid. darters Unid. darters Unid. darters Unid. darters May Number of axa 4 3 5 8 Dominant taxa Unid, sunfish Unid ciarter Unid. darter Unid. darter June Number c4 uxa 2 3 7 13 I

D vnirant taxa Unid sunfish Unid. sunfish Unid. sunfish Unid. sunfish ,

5 July Number of taxa i 1 3 4 Dominant taxa Unid. sunfish Unid. sunfish Unid. sunfish Unid, sunfish August I

Number of taxa 2 2 3 6 Dominant taxa Unid. sunfish 'Jnid sunfish Unid, sunfish Unid. sunfish November Number of taxa 1 1 1 1 Dominant taxa Unid. darter Unid. darter Unid. darter Unid. darter I

7-38 E1

- _ - _ - - _ _ _ _ = _ - _ _ - - - - . - - - _ - - _ - - - - - - - - --

m M M M M M M M M m m m m m m m a e I

Table 7.16 Duncan's multiple range comparison of push net catch rates .

Darters 1,ocation Year i'eriod Transect Itate Year Rate Period ltate N .S. G 1.37 1979 1.26 l Night 0.92 F 1.10 1980 1.25 l Day 0.83 A 0.58 1978 0.07 E 0.4 ti Sunfish Transcct Itate Year Rate Y Period llate

$ 1980 1.28 Night 1.11 G 1.96 F 1.31 1979 0.94 Day 0.83 E 0.34 1978 0.67 A 0.26 Total Catch Transect Year Hate Period Hate Itap G 2.82 1980 1.91 Night 1.81 1.69 1.50 F 2.10 1979 Day A 0 89 1978 1.33 E 0.79 3

Catch rates are expressed as the log of the mean catch per 1000m . Itates connected by solid lines are not significantly different (l' = 0.05). N.S. - no significant difference.

+l

y

Tabla 7.'.7 IcLthyoplankton entrainment at the Itobinson Unit 2 intake during 1980.

April May February _ _ _ _

2 2 12 19 2C 25 '1 14 21 28 5 Foxa 1

.'2.0 Lepomis sp. 9.0 IV.8 29.d 4.0 17.4 145.9 14.5 Etheostoma sp.

i Ethenstoma 4.2 fusiforme 4.3 Uni?.entified 13.2 44.1 29.3 4.0 0 0 17.4 145.9 14.5 TOTAL 0

"" June July _ _

_. August November 3 k

) ,

$ 2 9 16 23 1 i 14 21 28 4 il 18 25

's 9 0 ., 18.G 146.2 24.5 80.4 20.1 80.1 7.6 13.8 10.8 83.6

@ornis sp. 74.3 Lepomis macrochirus d .3 4.1 n.8 11.5 21.9 14.1 Etheostoma 56.5 '

Etheostoma fusiforme i !. 95.1 94.6 22.7 152.0 14.5 80.4 24.4 80.1 7.6 13.8 10.8 TOTAL IJU.8 132.'s i

Number /1000m3 ; mean of neslicate day and replic ite nigint sampics.

Two samples only No sample collected.

M M M M M M M M M 33 M

• m- M W M_ WB M M

M mm cm V -

I l

Table 7.18 Fishes impinged on the Robinson Plant intake sueens detring 1980.

Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Unit 1 Cire. pumps = 2 Cire. pumps = 2 C'- f umps = 2 C . p* mps = 2 No of samples = 8 No. of samples = 2 No. . mmples = 2 No. ,f samples = 2 Number Weight Num5cr Weight N u mt' e_., Weight Number

• Wei?ht

• 1.0 181 1.0 289 Chain pickerel 0.1 16 Yellov bullhead 0.5 2 0.5 2 0.5 3 Pirate perch Illuespotted sunfish 0.1 T 1.0 1 8.5 16 Warmonth 43.0 154 43 15.5 27 21.0 42 Illuegill 7.0 0.5 1 Swamp darter 43 56.5 463 7.2 60 17.5 212 22.0 y TOFAL 28 93 29

{ Crayfish 28 Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Unit 2 Cire. pumps = 3,1 Cire. pumps = 3 Cire pumps = 3,1 Cire. pumps = 1 No. of samples = 8 No. of samples = 2 No. of samples = 2 No. of semples = 2 Weight Number Weight Number Weigh

• Number Weight Number 511 3.5 833 1.0 375 1.5 537 Chain pickerel 0.9 Ea.itern mudminnow 0.1 T 0.5 3 0.5 2 0.5 3 Golden shirar Creek chubsucker 0.1 6 Pirate perch 0.8 8 0.5 4 Illuespotted sunfish 1.1 4 0.5 4 0.5 1 Warmouth 0.1 11 2055 134G.5 2803 2378.0 5688 1222.? 4202 Bluegill 415.3 Dollar sunfish 0.1 2 Sw> amp darter .5 T 2597 1351.s 3652 2380.5 6066 1224.0 4762 TGrAL 418.2 11 11 Crayfish

^ Average number and weight (g) par 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> for each sampling peric'. Period 1 = Jaauary, Febrtmry, March, April, May, June, October, November, December; Period 2 = July; Period 3 = August; Period 4 = September. T = les than i per 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />.

t.

...c........~-.. . . . . . . . . - . -.

-.3- ,

60-j 50 _

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+---_----_-_________ ____ __ ,g 10- S -/_ _

g________.___--+-------_.__-_.________y_______________.._ _--a O

i - - - i i i i 77.0 78.0 79.0 80.0 YEAR LEGENDi SPECIES e-e-O BLUEGILL +-+-+ LARGEMOUTH BASS o-a- TOT AL +-*-+ W ARMOUTH Figure 7.1 Average weight of selected species collected by cove rote 9ne sainpling in tiie Robinson linpoundinent headwaters area (Station G4).1977 through 1980.

y- - y y m t n m ma cr i ;

9 e

100; ,/ sg ,

- , i

A / \

/.\ / \

l 's l \

75Z / 'N  ! i l \ ,/ \.s

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w ten.i  : / N, f g

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e

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25_ /

\% ,

s

/ 0 4 m N _ _-o

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g-

/ \p__

#_,_ -k__

_ _ ___.____ 4. __ ___ $ 2 : ~ :: = = - - : _- h _ w " U " ' ~

~

g 0-_j _

i i i i i i i 76 7; 78 79 80 74 75 YEAR e-e-a BLUEGILL +-+-+ LARGEMOUTH BASS LEGEND: SPECIES +4--+ W ARMOUTH

• -a- TOT AL Figure 7.2 Average weight of selected species collected by cove rotenone sampling in the Robinson impoundment area (Station GI),1974 through 1980.

L 100-- # 4

~ #  %

/ s

\

/ s s

k o 7o"- - ,

f__'_,'_-

- % _g s

\,

\

Average t n.+< 50-l

'\

i,-  : <

l,'.

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-4' / N, g'/

\

/ 'N ' 3,*

255 ,,/ 's, s,,

s, ,,_,,__.~,,___,,,,,,_,-A 's , ',, g-,'N\, '

s - ' Ny s

,.s, ,

~ ,Y ,- b 0:

i i ---- i i i i 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 YEAR LEGEND: SPECIES G-G-G BLUEGII.L +-+-+ LARGEMOUTH BAS 9

• --a-* TOT AL +-+--* W ARMOUTH Figure 7.3 Average weight of selected siecies collected by cove rotenone san >pling in the Robinson mid-impoundment area (Station EI),1974 through 1980.

'EM M M M m' R ~ M M M M M W W W W W W m

Mrw c- t __r- v - i

\

l l

' f .- ,4,g 'N 200-

)

/- ' / .

.a s~s

's,N,'2r', 'N N A 158--

5

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we,1005 ,/

y  : ,

c  : /

,a' .a'y' f ,-

502 ,

's~,

,/ -

, N,

- ,/ ,

N,

___-_+ __________________________ ,,__--

5,f__,,__ 5 0: - --

i i i

' t- i i 76 77 78 79 80 74 75 YEAR e C D BLUEGILL +-+-+ TOTAL e--4- WARMOUTH LEGEND: SPECIES Figure 7.4 Avera~: weight of selected species collected by cove rotenone sampling in the Itobinson lower impoumiment airca (Stations AI, A3),1974 through 1980.

l

(

I I

1900 Log Density I

---~~ 1980 Water Temperature

- - - Pnor Yeers Log Density 50 10-40 0-30 6- N N- g 20 4q e j,N'5 W -

+ \-

\/

10 2- B A*

sution E3 0 0 '-

- t'

'- 6 s ..8-' . * . + ,"'a  ; - . -

N /_

=

50 10-40 6-W M #

30 6-

" ,.A,'#s' '\ '

/ E g

20 4- .,-

10 2-sution E l w OE O

 : : : *'. O-ja- M s-+-&'~b .

- J-c 350 10d 54a N e sJ fr f ,I gaa 5 _g---,-~~---,,..

$20 f s- y s- -e '\,/

e-

~

~ ; e a8 2-Station A3 0 '..

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' - * -^ D M ' - -  :* ' ^*

. . . . A .- . +. . .- .-.A.

50 10- g 40 8- l 30 6- _

20 4-10 2-Station A 1 O O-_

'--0 f, y Y, - d , ,

g 12 14 le 18 20 22 24 20 28 30 32 34 APRIL MAY JUNE JU LY AUGUST Figure 7,5 Catch rates of darters by T' > iglass larval fish traps in Robinson Imp,undment I

by week, Ar - .ough /, ynt.

I 7-46 I

E

l l

I 1980 Log Density

---

. 1980 Weter Temperature

..-... Prior Years Log Density 50 10-40 8-30 6-W A

~ ^

- m m 20 4- /

I.

statici 33 0 0

'e -

AMh% .1 m - - - -

50 10-40 6-I 30 6- -

~ -.- -

20 4- fV' 10 2-I station G 1, e

Og O 3

3 50 91 a-N# 4?A -

-s-<:+- -

- . _ e -. 4 - +- - _ -

m _ _4m _4-I $au$

40 f 9-O e4 4-

{ #r i

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r^- ~% ' -

I  :- 20 6 jtag, 2 l Station F3 0 0 %_g . ._,_.. 4-+- . . , . -  : __ 4 _ _a 50 10- -

-W 40 8-30 6- .

-3 20 <-

f/ d M ng h_ . i_ _

I

. . 2 ._.. 4 stadu F 1 0 0 --

i i i i , i i i . i i i 12 14 le le 20 22 24 20 29 30 32 34 APRIL MAY NNg JULY AUGUST I Figure 7.5 (Cont'd.)

7-L7 I

1980 Log Density I

---

1980 Watu Temperature Prior Years Log Density 50 10-40 6-30 S- , jN \

20 4- W# v' 10 2- 5 sution E3 L 0  : : : : : -f -: 7 e : : 'M M : : .4 50 10-40 6-30 e- / .As. f  %

5

1. , % p 20mc 4- I \# V w

$ 10 8 2-Guuan E t OO

^ + t' '

'/ '

I4- 7 E

350El0-

~ =

E40 8q

- o -

$30g 6 ,v". '

w 20" 4- gd 'ge 4 [

Stavan A3 0 0 . . . . . . . . =

__f -'q

'~ s 50 t0- E 40 8- B 30 6-

• --*f % . m%[  %

20 <-

10 2-sistwo Ai OO . . . . . _ . i _ -h -4 ~ _ _ -E ' MI i i i i i i i 4 . . i i .

12 14 16 18 20 22 24 20 28 30 32 34 l APRIL MAY JUN E JU *.Y AUGUST l_

I Figure 7.6 Catch rates of sunfishes by plexig'ess larval fish traps in Robinson Impoundment by week, April through August.

l I

7-48 I

um

P F

i L

I 1983 Log Densty t ..... 1980 Water Tempsroture

- - - - Prior Years Log Density l, - 50 10-40 8-30 6- "%

. N V"

'O 4- '

s -

V y' '

.i '\

% .( , , . ' % ,- 5,*

Station G3 0 0 r - -

50 10-40 8-30 6- _

^

20 4-f..5['. ,-

j -

10 2- / A. /

m

;  ;' Q-g

%/ '{ 's < -s. '

i sution 31 O !E 9~

lE cc f

350:10-1":5 1 I 33a $ 6-m y -

20 8 #~ [y /'- 6*'

Y \-g , *%

310$ 2- ,'

,isuoa . 3 0 0 d

- - -v y.[ ','%."' ' ' , , ,,

50 10-40 8-l 30 6- M^ N ; __ '

20 4- A W 7'--?...j statten F1 OO i i i i i i i i i i i 12 14 to 18 20 22 24 20 28 30 32 34 APRIL MAY JU N F, JULY AUGU$f

/igure 7.6 (Cont'd.)

7-49

I 19R0 Log Density I

---~~ 1980 Water Temperature

'rior Years Log Density 50 10-

\

O e- -

20 4- I

\(

~

,.y. *~,

Stauen E3 0 0

..s.1^~"

• 2

^

^ ^

50 10-40 6-30 6-  % g- N -

20 4- (

A

s. ,, 8- H ' , ,-R h sisuon E1 Oam O , . - -

m j 50 10-

$ 40 lI, 8-' E e -

W

' B B 30{ 8-3 2a g 4- ,#+

N.~

,g,

]f e .#. M ; .1 ,

stanen A3 O O -

50 10- E 40 8- E 30 6- N' N 20 4-5 tan A l O O

_. .ewh%s. _ rvd

, ,  ; , , 7 - ; , , c 12 14 10 18 20 22 24 26 29 30 32 34 APRIL M AY JUN E JULY AUGUST I '

Figure 7,7 Catch rate of all taxa by plexiglass latval fish traps in Robinson Impoundment by week, April through August.

I 7-50 I

5

IL I

I 1980 Log Density

~~ ~~ ~ 1980 Water Ternperaturs

-'"*** Pior Years Log Denalty I~

50 10-40 6-30 0- e., j -+~,_ .

.gn 4_ /,,. - , ,s.%;- .

g  : )

10 2- r~ ,,, /

Station G3 O O 50 l0-40 6 --

UO 0~ r-

-g

[ N ,s,

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O in 0

$50$10-I40% 8-I' 34 6 _ g' -

'N _

20 #~

'N k - + -* N #

I

.s . . . _

ia{g 2- .< - < v .

a . ir .

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I 50 10-40 8-30 6- g' 'w: 1 20 4- A I ~

,. .[ [ ' . . . _ .

4 I saadan FI 0 3 i

!2 14

r i

to 10 20 a

22 i i 24 26 i

28 i

30 i

32 4

34 APRIL MAY JUNE NLY AUGUST l

l Figure 7.7 (Cont'd.)

I 7-51 l

I I

1980 Los D.wsity I

--- 1980 Water Ten ,*rst ,r,

~*- -* Prior Years Log o,nusy 50 10 '

40 6f 30 6- 4 -

N w d a .*' 4 "**~ '8- 7',.s '%

20 4-  ; / mf . l- s4s '" s,f B\

10 'e' N. ,. 6 2]

Trinisai G O O-l 50 10-1 WW 40 8-l-7 s 1 SO 6- 'N .A---

~ ,

sI 2O tO 2-y, .',. ~

t.

s W

s Tranmt F 0 0 's #.8 N y ,

w a

@50$10-

- 8 l 40; 8-w w

$ 30 *_* 6Ms w A. /*

,e-%g *

~~ ~-%'%

b Y

• ,0 y 4- \"# E 6 M 2

u i e g a- .a - s. s c

. e' N .h . . 6---4

s. 4 m

)."".

.e\ g Transact E R

O O s 6, 4,, I t

s'

( - :

GO 10- g 40 8- l

, _e -*

30 .C- y v

,[# N. ,,.4-- -4 10 2~ A, ,- # '*4 ,3. . "' '-s

- - s-Treaseet A O O __;

i i i i i I '. I i 12 14 to 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 42 34 APitiL MAY JUNE 8 'LY AUGUST Figure 7.8 Cate'2 rates of darters by push nets in Robinson Impoundment by week, I

April through August.

I 7-52 I

E

L 1980 Log Does ty

~~ --- 1930 Watar Temperature

- - - Prior Years Log Omnry 50 10-40 6- , .

3* ' %. -#'r ,. - - .

30 6- ,

%e 4 20 4-j ,f+ .s .

Ie 2- ,2, Transact G O O ^ :-  : -- -

50 10-

}"

40 8-30 6- -

- 20 4-

[. ,/ .. n iO 2- ,." '. s Triasset '" O 0 7 :- : - 'N '

50,10- ,

e 3 40 S- #'-

Q ,A - + - + - #

1 ,

330 g e54

{

f^@ ~*

1. ^  % \ '

k20 4 N

I Transact j ie ! 2-E$080 a

AA ..r/

- : O' IF Y O

\ -. ' 'sx X P -4 50 10-40 8-30 6- - _ - - - m I 20 4- g

.J

~

10 2- .*='d1 ,

Tr===ct A O O. W -I 7 I

i i i i i i i i i i i 12 14 to 18 20 22 24 28 28 30 32 34 APRIL MAY NNO NLY AU GUST I

Figure 7.9 Catch rates of sunfishes by push nets in Robinson impoundment by week, April through August.

7-53

I I

1980 Log Denalty

---

1D80 Water Temperature

- -.-- Prior Ysan Log Density 50 10-40 6- '***'

A. 4.

• • '~~*'4 30 P- e w. #g/ ,*. _: - 'M 20 4- *"--t"

,,, i 10 2- =

Transmet G OO 50 10-40 8- ~ b.

4-e-

e 4 Mc' -6.

/--4 30 ,. *- . j w - ?1 -

~_

.O 2- '.

s

, Transact F , 30 0 e J S50g10-

< ~

{ 40 : 8q ._

V 'j 4 ,

b 30 3 6 ,

2c 4- A '

, , , , . .- ' -(, ,,, , ,

Truruset E OO -

\ _.-

50 10- a 40 8-30 6 -- ;_-

^

L" '

20 4- - '" # e--

y ~.,.

s-h..A r ,..-

~*.s 10 2- / 4.

g ,3- 3 .

, ~._

Transact A O O g i

12 14 to 18 20 22 24 2e 28 30 32 34 APrill MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST Figure 7.10 Catch rates of all taxa by push nets in Robinson Impourdment by week, I

April thr; ugh August.

I 7-54 5

J L

F L

8.0 AQUATIC VEGETATION 8.1 Introduction The aquatic macrophytes in Robinson impoundment were investigated in 1975,1978, and 1979 (CP&L 1976b, 1979a, 1980a). In the 1975 study, the distributions of aquatic aad terrestrial communities were mapped and the diversity and dominanc.e were noted. Af ter 1975, the upland communities were excluded as I they were not considered to be under the influence of the impoundment.

During June of 1930, the aquatic macrophytes in Robinson impoundment were again investigated in order to make comparisons with the previous data and to determine what factors affected their distribution. As in all studies since 1975, I the study was confined to aquatic species.

8.2 Methods I The impoundment was investigated on June 9-10, 1980. In the first two studies, the entire shoreline of the impoundment was mapped; however, in 1979 and 1980, only portions of the shoreline were studied. These portions consisted of approximately 100 m long sample plots along the shoreline at each end of Transects A, B, C, D. DA, E, F, and G. Approximately 1,600 m of shoreline were mapped (Figure 8.1).

Field sampiing was carried out by boat and wading. Using scale base maps of the impoundrant, beds of aquatic vegetation were delineated and identified. The criteria utilized for mapping these beds varied; in some cases the beds consisted of fairly dense stands of one or more species covering an area of 0.25 m or greater. 9 In other cases, the mapped beds consisted of scattered individuals growing over a larger area. In general, the beds mapped consis* 2d of areas where growing plants readily could be observed as fairly discrete units. Individual plants were not mapped but were included in the list of species observed.

Where field identification was not possible, specimens were collected, returned to the lat, oratory, and identified by means of various taxonomic keys or by 3-1

I direct comparisons with specimens on file in the herbarium of the Department of I

Batany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina. Taxonomic keys used in this study included Radford et al. (1968); Fassett (1937); Justice and Bell (1968); and Beal (1977) Nomenclature follows that of Radford et al. (1963).

8.3 Results and Discussion .

I Forty-two species of macrophytes were observed growing in or adjacent to the Robin 3on impoundment. Of these, two were not considered to be aquatic or semisquatic but are included because of their dominance or importance around the impoundment. These are Pinus elliottii (slash pine) and P,. palustris (longleaf pine).

The distribution of these species is shown in Figures 3.2-8.17. Species observed in or ne.ar the impundment are given in Table 3.1.

Based on field sampling in 1980, the overall distribution of aquatic macro-phytes, as well as the species composition, was not appreciably different from that in previous studies. There were some slight differences in the size, location, or composition of areas of macrophv'es, but these differences were attributed somewhat to natural variation but mostly to a decreased elavation of the surface of the impoundment. This decrease resulted from the drought conditions that existed during the summer of 1980. The effect of this lower water level was that g-much larger areas of macrophytes were visible, especially at Transects F and G. 5 These macrophytes had probably been in existence throughout the period of E

previous studies, but hidden from view because of the darkly stained water, g

Vegetation continued to be sparse in the southern portion of the impoundment g bouth of SR 346) and more dense and widely distributed in the northern portion. W At all trahsect. south of the causeway, only 4 cr 5 species were observed growing in the water. At Transects F and at G,8 or 9 species were observed. Also, density and total coverage of the macrophytes was increased at these two transects.

The primary factors influencing the distribution of macrophytes in the Robinson Impoundment appeared to be the depth of the water and the degree of l

g protection from wave action. Water temperature appeared to be of secondary 3 I

S-2 5

I importance and was apparent only near Transect E (west) at the mouth of the I discharge canal. Least important were water quality and substrate composition. In areas whoe swimming and boating were concentrated (Transects A (East) and C (East)) most, if not all, vegetation was absent.

The differences in widtn between the north and south portions of the

-I impoundment create significantly different regimes of wave action. In the area north of SR 346, the narro v width, proximity of trees along the shoreline, and the shallow depths contributed to the growth of macrophytes. The southern portion, however, was exposed to a grea*.er degree of wave action and had a large percentage of the shoreline covered with rip-rap. These two factors, coupled with thermal effects in the area immediately adjacent to the discharge canal outflow, effectively reduced the aquatic vegetation in this portio ..

Another factor that caused changes in the vegetation patterns during 1980 was the reduction in the water level of the impoundment. Because of this 0.7 1.0 m (2-3 f t) reduction, several areas of vegetation were observed where none g had been known to e xis t. In addition, many of these exposed macroportes C flowered, produced seeds, c..d the seeds germinated during the summer. This condition is common in many aquatic species which grow submerged for years in a h

vegetative condition. Then, when the water elevation is reduced, the plant is stimulated to penduce flowers (Sculthorpe 1967), and new areas are colonized by sexual rather than vegetative means.

8.4 Summary As in previous years, the primary factors affecting the distributio,i of aquatic ms rophytes in Robinson Impoundment were wave action and water depth, while temperature and substrate composition were secondary. In addition, the 0.7-1.0 m I (2-3 f t) drawdown of the impoundment affected some species by inducing flowering in many areas where only vegetative growth had occurred. Also, this decrease in depth caused several areas of submerged vegetation to be visible for the first time since botanical studies were carried out, which bad a small effect in the apparent distribution of vegetation in the impoundment.

I a.,

I, I

Table Sol Macrophytes observed at Robinson impoundment,1980 Family / Species Lycopodiaceae gopodiurn appressum Osmundaceae -

Osmunda cinnamomea Pinaceae Pinus elliottil g Pinus palustris Pinus taeda g

Taxodiaceae Taxodium distichum g Cupressaceae g.

Chamaecyparis thyoides Typhaceae Typha latifolia Sparganiaceae S?arganium americanum Alismataceae 3 Sagittaria graminea g Saeittaria latifolia Hydrochsci'aceae Vallisned americana l Poaceae 3 Arur.dinaria cicantea Erianthus giganteus Panicum hemitomon Cypereceae Carex sp.

Dulichium arundinaceum a Eleocharis baldwinii Elerscharis melanocarua Eleocharis obtusa Eleocharis quadrangulata l Araceau E Orontium aquaticum Peltandra virginica Eriscz.ulaceae Eriocaulon decangulcy.

Joncaceae Juncus polycephaNs 3 Juncus repens g Haemodoraceae Lachnanthes caroliniana

'alicaceae l Salix nigra 5 Myricaceae Myrica cerif era 8-4 E

L F

L Table 8.1 (continued) b Betulaceae Ainus serrulata Betula nigra Nymphaeaceae Nuphar luteum Nymphaea odorata Cabombaceae Brasenia schreberi Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipife.raa Lauraceae Persea borbonia Cyrillaceae Cyrilla racemiflora Aceraceae Acer rubrum Hypericaceae Hypericu n virginianum j Haloragaceae Myriaphyllum heterophyllum 3 Nyssaceae Nyssa sylvatica I Rubiae.eae Ceoh.,slanthus occidentalis I

I I

8-5 I

l I

I I

% \

g Transect G I

Transact P P \

n 3

, _ _ , o. ,- - .A I

. N g

! Tranaxt C

] N.

3

. I J m

.E f Tnnsect C N SC '8' k

Ash P

• Transect S H. S. Actanson i i Tre w A Units a N

o a 1 2

.<!amtar:

Figure 8.1 1980 Robinson impoundment aquatic vegetation sampling locations.

8-6

I I

n A ;, Arundir.ana gigantes Ar Acer rubrum As Alnus serrulata Bn Betula nigra Pier Bs Co Brasania schmeerl Capnazantnus occicentahs

[ WF Cr Cynna racemiffore Csp Camsspecas Ct Chamaeevoans thyoides Oa Dunchium arundinaceum Eb Eleocharis baMmnii Ed Inocauson 6 canwiere B*N 3* M B*ach p

I Eg EHanthus gmnteus Em Eleornens meianocarpa En Ea E:sucnans octuas Elecchans cuadranguista uwsmming Aree Hv Hypencum virginicJm a JuncJs polycoonalus Jr Juncus repvas Ph La Lycocodium acoreuum L: Lacnnanttea carohniana Lawn Lt Linodendron tuficatera )

I- Mc Mh Na Mynca canfers Mynoonyllum heterophyllum Nuphar lu teum e

/

1

. No Nympease coorata *.,' . "' *

Ns Nyssa sylvseca # ,

Ca Oroncum acuaccum e Ph Oc Csmunes c nnamomaa /

/ , ' 3#

Pb Persea coroonia sh : .

y Pe Mnus ethottii / #

Pn Ptnicum hemitomon \ ,

Po 81nus oedustns  %# Ph Pt Pinus :aeds Py Pe!tandra vif@nica V s.

Sa Soarganium amancanum

. Sq Sagttana gramines St Sagittana lauf olia Care Sand

$4 Salix nigra Beach Td Tancoum discenum IMPOUNDM ENT .-

I E Tycha laofoha Eb mth .-

1. L*d"

v. vausn.n. ameneana Scarmrea at ,,

Jr e pg Ph

. . . - ,m 4N n,. .o .ng o.m I t 100' Figure 8.2 1980 Robinson Impoundment vegetational dis:.ibutions (transect A - east).

8-7

I I

I I

Ag Arundinana gigantee Ar Acer rubrum Mong Shore : As Alnut sarfulats f, Sn Betule nigra A, Bs Brasania schteteri Co Co Cechalanthus occioentalis Cr Cynite racemiflora f CSD Carem species A I

't -Rio Rap C/ Ct Chamaecyparts thyoices Da Dulichium arundinaceum

' ~

Eb Eleochens boovenii O Ed Eriocaulon cecengulare g Ph h v En Enanthuc giganteus 30 Em Deochans rnelanocarpa Eb

• *"'*D***

FLOW En k* *haris oundranguista Eieoc h Eb Hv Jo Hypericum virginicum Juncus posycopeatus

• f Jr Juncus repens E *

$ \

La Le Lycopooium appressum Lachnentne carotiniana

0) "

r Ph Lt Linocendron tulicifera g - N'c Mynca confera j Mh Mynoonvilum neteroonvuum DISOHARGE CANAL NI Nupnar luteum Fence Q) ( g No Ns Nymonaea odorata Nyssa sylvatica g

On Oronnum acuaticum I Ph )

Oc Osmunca emnemomes

/ PD Pe Perses bortome Pnus e6isot'ni

"" **"***'rd'*" m O Po Pinus paaustns

~

/ Pt N

Pinus taeda Pet tancre virynica L 'V MXJN DM ENT Se Soarganium amencanum .

54 Sagittaria graminea l

SI Sa-=cana

, lant. .ia Sn Smix nigra Td Taxodium distchum TI Typha latifoha Va Vadisnens americana AN l 100' Figure 8.3 1980 "obinson Impot:ndment vegetanonal distributions (transect A - west).

I 8-8 Bl

='

I Ag Arundinaria pgentes W Ar Acer rubrum As Alnus serrulata Bn Betula nts 9s Bessame schtscen Co Cannaienthus occicentaus Cr Cynna racemiflora Cao Carex species Ct Chamaecypans tnyciots I Da Eb Ed Eg Oulichium an.ndina:eum Eleocnans baidwartil Enocauton decangutars Erianthus giganteus I

Em Elecchans metanocarpa Eo Eleochans obtusa Ea Eleochans cuadrangulata

%% Hv Hypencum virgnicum Jo Juncus po4ycoonsus I _ g'

• y[

m p h 2ea. f As. a.

Jr LJ Le Lt Juncus res*Jns Lycocodium appressum Lachnanthes caroliniana Linodendron tulipifera a Mc Mvrica corifers I '

I***

[ Iw noem)

Mh NI No Na Myrtoonytlum heterconvuum Nuonar lu teum Nymphaea odorsta Nyssa sylvatica

'$ Ca Cronnum sowatcum I Q Oc Po Po PM Osmunca cinnamorres Penes borbon#a Pinus eiliottil Panicum hemstomon

, O"%

I Pp Pinus calustns Pt Pinus tanda

%$8ne a*"""

.a s

I ,

~e Pv Pettancra virpntca I

Sa Soarganium amencanum

. Ce Sagittana graminea is,apounesistu SI Sag ttada lan fotia Jr l ,, i Sn Saux nigra i'l .

fu Td T1 Taxodium disschum Tycha lsofonia

. Va Vasisnens amencana m ,

Je  ! ,

(

I =

4

/' &

.~ ) W I

ta em N #

107 a"

,a #

amage w a Se J. En i

Figure 8.41980 Robinson Impouni. ment vegetationd distributions (transect B - east).

I 8-9

I A

N a E

100*

Mesaa Woods

• Sandy b c4 A! Jr Ls Sg" Jr Pt Pp w 1

3, Ag Arundantna gigantes Shrubs Ar Acer rubrum Se As Alnus serrulata en Betula nigra fJr pn g

Bv Co Brasensa schreberi Caonaientnus occidentalis Cr Cynlla racemif1cra D Ph Sandy Beecn g g,,, ,

Ct Chamaecypens thycedes 6 Ph Da Duisenium arundinaceum Jr Eb Eieochans baicunii Ec Enocawien oecangulare Eg Enan:nus giganteus Em Eieocnans melancenepa Eo Eieochens t.otusa Ph Ea Eieochans cusarangulata

• • Hv Hypencum neginicum Jo Juncus polycepnaeus

. Scattemd Mh Jr Juncus recans LJ Lycopodium aooressum

. Le Lachnanthes caroCniana E Lt Linodendron tulipifere e IMPOUNDMENT W MyesceMere D Jr M5 Myriconvtium heteropnytlum

, , b NI Nuohar tuteum No Nympheea odorata i

H So p) ,

N Os Nyssa sylvats. a Oronnum acuaccum Oc Osmunca cinnamomes

• Pb Persas borbonia g Pe Anus elliotta

, - g Ph Panicum hemitomon Pp Pinus casustns Pt Pinus 'seda PV Pettanare virynica 3 Sa Sparganium amencanum Sg Sagttsna grammsa SS St Sagtttaria tatsfolia Sn Ssaia nigra Td Taxodium distichum TI Typha lanfona Va Vailsnena americana I

Figure 8.5 1980 Robinson Impoundme,t vegetations'. distributions (transect B - west).

8-10 g

-___m._

IMAGE EVALUATION t 4, otA ///// 4 Npy y (# TEST TARGET (MT-3)

'/ /

j[,4 (gj y,, 39 & V

+  %

l.0 if a M

, e 7g m sua -

D  !!!!b l,l

_l.8._

l.25 11.6

_l.4_ l_

4 150mm >

4 6" >

1. d~sk 4>,4 ,

f;%

,;;i:l. )y g

_f+;3j.gg , ,e o ,un r <> e

4

,.,f 4 .- s

• W' , . . .

. ,, , , . A ; , _ ,. .. f. _ . g ,, .

- - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t _ .. . .

m- - .

<$* k 6@

4 ;YA M*

B IMAGE EVAL.UATiON (( g ' 8(4,g y xx //o/T[

TEST TARGET (MT-3)

'! i.0 it2m p @ LM i,1 i'sEE kta i

I.25 1.4 ! i.6

_ _  ; ==

4 150mm ->

4 6" >

p fjff,,,,%___f;;;h.

i

%g

,.2-

• A N 'i s' 'A> , ....,m . . _ , , ,

y_:_ . , _

,y s-r-

V3 Recreation Area c a. ( u- )

g e" G g Sn i

b 3

Ag Arunonana gigantea he,.4 l

As Acer rubrum b Sn As Alnus terrulata E Bn Satula nigra Bs Brasonia sc%rene's 9 I. Co Cr Cape.santrk:s occaceataiis Cynita racomittora Cao Carta sencies

[ ,

'. Ct Chamaecypans thyoides HotSa mm*el @

Da Dutienium aruncinaceum Eb Eleochens be6cvenii p ' **"**

hd Eg Enocauton cocangulare Eriar-Mus giganteus Em Eleownans metanocarN ,'

Nf' '

to E:eoemans ot,tuu 8* E:eocnans queorangulata

'w Hypencum erginicum Juncus poiyesonaiua Sandy Beach 43 ,

IMPOUNDMENT a, rcco . re arc essum A

L: Lacnnsatnes carooniana Lt Uaccenorte tuhoitus

- Ms. My nca centera '

Mh Mynoenyttum hetsrconvitum e E l NI Nuoner tuttum .

No Nymonees ocorata ,.a sinait Streams Ns Nyssa sylvacca $

Os Oronnum ecuateum W Mn , *A

., PV Cc Osmunca cinnamomca Pb Fersea borconia . ,

Je

, t .

, Pe mnus estiotal .

PM Psorcum herritomon ~-

Pp Pinus patustns

• W #

Pt N

Ptnus tasca Pettancre wirenica Ja' Se \

~

Sa Soargamum amncanum Scattered:

- At Se Sagttana gramines St Sagttana tanfotia 3. g As Cao Sn San:. nigra E -

Td Taxodium discenum S

Tl Tyone tantosta

= va vanisnena emericana

=

s l Figure 8.6 1993 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions (transect C ecst).

5-5

.- 8-11

=

m, mmW m., ,,mm,,-

I. !

I:

Ag Arunoinene pgantea Lt Unocendron tulipifera At Acer rubrurri Mc Mynca confera As Alnus sormista Mh Mynophyllum heteropnvilum 1 Bn Betula nigra NI Nuonar luteum Be Brasema schreberi No Nymphees odorsta Co Cepheianthus occiuentsiis Ns twyssa sylvatna I

Cf Cyrika racemiflora On Orontium aqueceum Cao Carou species oc Osmunas emnamoime  !

Ct Chamaecypans thvaoes Pb Perses borDonia Da Duhchium aruachnaces:m Pe P'nua etliott!l Eb Eleochans belownii PM Pamcum hematomon Ed Ericcauton cecangwier, Pp Pinus psiustns Eg Enanthus pganteus Pt Pinus tsea.

Ee Eieechaas metanocarca Pv Peitanere virynica Eo Eleoc.nans obtusa Sa SoargaCm amencanum ,

Ea Eieochans ovaarengutets Se Sagttana gramines '

Hv Hypencum virpnicum $3 Sag:rtans tentoha Jo Juncus po#ycepnasus Sn Sales rieg's Jr Juncus recens Td Tam odium disochum La Lycopodium appressum T1 Typhateutons Le Lachnanthes caroliniana Va Vatisneria amencana IMPOUNDM Jr I

P_

Scattered g RIP RAP

.r ,

Lt As se s

DISCHAl GE CANAL I

A N g 100' Figure 8.7 1980 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions (transect C - west).

8-12 E

r I

I Ag At As 4tncinana gigantes tw rucrum Alnus Berrutata Bn Betuia n<grs I 8s Ch Cr Brasema senmeen Caonane intf%s occTental's Cyn la racemiflora Cso Caron soecies Ct Chamaecypans thyonces I Da En Es Eg Dutich.um a undir sceum Eleochens taievumi Enocauton deangulare E*tantnus pganteus I

Em E*eoc*ans me'anocarpa Eo Oeocnan oen.sa Ea Eleochans ousarangulata Hv Hypencum virgimcum JD JunCuS polycson&4us I Jr La Le Lt Juncus recens Lycopodium acoressum LacMnanthes caro:iniane Liriosencron ruticefers

• g,,,,,

Mc Mynca confers I

Mh Myricohvuum he2roonvilum *

• N1 Nuonar tutsum No Nymphaea coorsta Dock N: Nyssa evivenca I

Ce Oronnum aousecum Cc Osmunca canna < romae P*J Perses Dorooma Pe Mnus etliottie PM Psn. cum memitomon 8 L8""'"'" 9 A

R"el I Po Pinus palustris

't P ts usca Pv Pe'tancra vergmca

$a Scar,anium amencanu m

$s Lsttana graminea Si $witana 'acfossa Road Sn Liia mgra To Tsuccum cisocnum Tl Tvona tenfoiis Va Vasianeria armricana f,

I IMPOUNOMENT Dock C Ar Se p h O At 4 a kl pw/ o 100' sootnsus.

Figure S.S 1930 Robinson impoundment vegetational distnbutions ( transect D - east).

B-13 I - - - -

I

.g Ar

. _ .n..g _ .

Acer rubrum I

Ag Alnus sertuista Bn Betula n,gra Bs Brasenia scareben Co Cepnadantnus ococentale Cr Cynita racemiflora '

Cs0 Ca4x species Ct Chamaecypans tnyosoes Da Duiicniura sNndinaceum j Ph Eb Deochans casdwnii Ed Enocaulon oscangulare  : Jr Eg Enanthus giganteus N Em Eieochans metanocarom g

iT Eo Eleocnar,s obtusa 5 -

En Decenans cuaorangulata Hv Hypencum virpnicum . Rip Rao I 8

Jo Jureus polycoonasus V

Jr Juncus recens La Lycocodium appressum tMPOUNDME NT u

Laennantnes caroniniana

} }

Lt Lrios-encron tutb*ers Me Mn Myncacen+e's Myriconys4um neteropnvilum At k\I(

NI Nuonar lutsum No Cr &

Nemonaea odorata i/ Jr Na Nvsse sYivatica yLow Ca Oreneum sousocum 4 Oc Osmunca cinnamomea  ;

F3 Perses borbonia Rip Rap g Po Pinus elliottil k Pn Panicum hemitomon g l 3 Pp Pinus pa:wstns f g

Pinus taeda 15 Pt Deserve Pv Pettancro virpnica

• Canat Sa Soarganium amencanum sg Sagittana graminea 4 y

$1 Sagittarta latfolia sn Sasix nigra -

Td Taxodium crsuchum D Typna factosia Vs Vasisrena americana I

1N -

I 10cr Figure 8.9 1980 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions ( transect D - west).

8-14 I

I I

I I -.ue.

Ph I- IMPOUNDMENT O

Ph Mixture:

Ag Arundinene pgantes Ag Ar Acer rubrum Ph Cr As Alnus serrulata $9 A, Sn Betuia nigra pg

.I- Bs Co Brasonia schrecert Caorissantnus occicenuns ce pg Cr Crnua racemifIora S4 I

Cap Carex spec.es C: Char *aecypar s mv: ices Ca Duhenium stunonaceum Ee E;eocnans teidwinn Ed Enocauion oecanguaare I Eg Em Eo En Enanthus giganteua E'ecchans meianxaros Leocnans corusa Eieochans cuaorangutats h; Mypericum virpnicum pg I Jo Jr La La Juncus polyceanalus Juncus recens Lycooocum accrossum Laconantnes caronmens Lt Unccencron Mipi4ra I. Me MN NI Myrica canfers Myricanytlum noterconyttum Nuonar tuteum No Nymonses odorath I Ns Nyssa sytvenes Oa Crontum acuencum Oc Csmunda cinnarnorme Pb Perses bcrocma-Po Pinus eiliorce I P5 Pp Pt Pv Pwucum nemicomon Pinus palustns Pinus taeda Po%nora virynica l

Scarganium amer:canum I

Sa S1 54,rtana graminea

$3 $aQIttana lattfoha -

En Sanx nigra 100' Td Taxccium ciscenum Tyona ist fma I

Tl Va Vunsnena art =ncana Figure 8.10 1980 Robinson impoundment vegetational distributions (transect DA-east).

8-15 I

l Oa l ',

\ sg scatterodi N Eb A' $canered La Cr Ph Os

,) IM*OUNDMENT Ph Ag-$ -

t Ph 5,

/

I Ag Arunomana pgantes Lt Linodendron tulipiMrs Ar Actr rubrum Mc Mynca confera As Alnus serrulata Mh MynophvHum hetorconytlum E Sn Betula nigra NI Nupmar tuteum B: Brasema senrecen No Nymphaes odorata Co Cechaiantnus occioentahs Na Nyssa sylvatica Ct Cynlla racemiflora Os Oroncum aquaticum Cao Carta species Oc Osmunca cmnamomen C4 Chamaecypans thyo oes Pb Penea borbonsa Da Duncnium arundinateum Po Pmus stilottii Eb Eleochens baiovanii Ph Panicum hentomon Ed Enocauton cocangulam Pp Pinus paiustns Eg Enantnus giganteus Pt Pinus tasca Em Elecenans meianocarpa Pv Pettendra verpneca Eo Eleocmans obtusa Sa Scarpenium amencanum En Eteocharis oundranguista 59 Sagattana grannea 100' s, sypeneum virynicum si saattana isof oi.a Jo Juncus posycennalus Sn Satin mgra Jr Juncus repens Td Taxodium disuchum La Lycocodium aooressum T1 Typne lanfotia La Lachnanthes caroemiana Va Vansnene amencana I

Figure 8.11 1980 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions ( transect D A - west).

I 8-16 5

i I

I I

I Lawn Mess Woods; Pt At La Pter O-I' ' a, 1

I IMPOUNDM ENT

~ /

I .g A _ .n . . _. . L, . oc._ _ ,,.

I Ar As Sn Bs Acer ruarum Annus werutata Betula nigra Brasenia senricon Mc Mh NL No Mynca con 4ra Myricenvilam heteroceyllum Maonar lutevm Nymunaea ocorata Ce Caonsantnus ococentalis Ns Nvssa sylvenca I Cr Ct Da CynHa racemaflora Cao Carex soees Charnaecyoans tavoices Cuhchtum aruncinaceum Ca Oc Pb Ps Cronnum acusacum Csmunca cinnamomes Persea moreonia P nus esiiotui En Eleocnsns no6cwimi Ph Panicum hemstoman I N-Ed Eg Em Eo Enocauion cecanguiare Enantnus geganteus E'acenans meianocarca Leocnant cotusa Po Pt Pv

$a Pinus ceiustns An.: tasca Seitancra virgimca Scartanium amencanum I

Ea Eocenans cuacrangutata Sq Sagmana graminea 100* Hv Hvoencum er7meum si segmana ianfona Jo Juncus co*ycnonatus $n sana mgra Jr Ju ncus epens Td Taxocium dtstic. hum La Lyconocium accressum T1 Tvona lat fou s Lc L,icnnantnes caroumana Va Vansnena arrencana Figure 8.12 1980 Rottnson Impoundment vegetational distributions (transect E eastL 8-17 I - -

I

, . Stumps e e

• O o

O9 o Eb en O O

IMPOUNDMENT

.  % e O

O e 8 Mn k Shrub Bog

( Em e

Scattesed Ag Arundinana psentsa Jr No Ar Acer rubrum Mh

• As Alnus se'ruista e

Bn Betuta nigra Bs Brasense senreten Co Cachasanthus occacentalis Smea Stroom Eb Cr Cynele racemiflora Cao Carex species Ct Chammecvoans invoions

- Os Duhenium arundmreum En Eieochans batowmei Ed Eriocauton cecangular, Es Enantnus g gentrus Shrub % Em Eleochans meianocarpa Eo Beachans cotusa Ea Beochans cuacrangulats Hv Mypencum verynicum E JJ Juncus potycepnsaus Jr Juncus repena La Lycopodium aopressum Lc Lacnnantnes carohniana Lt Unootndron tulipiters Mc Mynca confers Mb Mynoonyllum heterophyllum NI Nuonar tutsum No Nympnaea ocorata Ns Nyssa svivatica Os Oronnum acuatcum Oc Osmunca cmnemomes Pb P9' sea bortonia Pe Pinus Mliotal Ph Panicum hemstomon PD Pinus patustns N Pt Pv Pinus taeda Pettancra virpnica 8' So*rsantum amencanum 100' Sg Saguttarta grammea

$1 Sagittana tantona Sn Saiia nigra Td Taxodium distenum T1 Ty pna laciolla Va Valianene amencana Figure 8.13 1980 Robinson hnpoundment vegetational distributions (transect E west).

8-18 I

E M

~

Ag Arun@nana pgantes Oc Osmunca cinnamomes Ar Acer ruieum PD Persee borbonas Pe P,nus ettiottii

~ As Alnus servati Betula nigra P5 Pamcum hemitomon Bn

i. Pp P!nus paiustna Ba Brasensa schrenen Co Ceoneianthus occicenrahs Pt Pinus tude Cr CynHe raceminors Pv Postanors virgimca I Cao Caron species $a Soarganium amencanum C. Caa-secvoans ts .s se ca t1ana ram.noa L Ca Duhchium arunonaceum S Sagittana latif one Eb Ejecchans beidmnii $n Saiin negra Ed Enocaulon oef.angulare Td Tamodium distchum Eg Enantnus giganteus il Tvone lati toba Em E eochans me'enocarpa Vs Vansnens americane '

Eo Eteochans obtusa l I Ea HW JD Eieoc% ens queorangusata Hypencum virgitucum Juncus posycoonatus Jr Juncus repens Lycooocium aco essum $

I La '8 Lc Laconent'ws carosimana Lt Lnocencron tunos ters ue uvnca eeneero _

.a Mh MYnUDhyllum heterochYllum '4 b i Ni No Na Os Nupnar tuteum Nymphaea odorata Nyssa sylvetica Oronoum acuateum A

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S-19

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5 g Jr Ph Eb Ag Arundinana pgantes

' Ar Acer rubrum As Amus serrulata

• Betula nigra Bn Bs Brasenia 6threberi 0 C. Caone:anthus occi enta is Cynila racomeflors Cr Ed C41E speCses Cap Ct Chamaecycans thyoiees g, Da Dulichwm erundinaceum Eb Eieocrans baiovend u Et Ed Eriocauton decangulare ParM Eg Enanthus pganteus Em Eieochans rrelanocarpe n Eo Elecchans obtuse a Eu Eleccnans ousaregutain

% HY D'"C" * * "'CU

• E Ph ar Eb Jo .hancus polycephalus g Jr Juncus repens W La Lycocodium sporessum Lc Lachnanthes caroliniana Lt Unocendron tulapifers Me Mynca confers Mh Myreochyllum heterconyllum NI Nuphar tutsum No Nymonaea odorata Ns Nyssa sylvatica Os Oroesum acusocum oc Osmunce emnamomes Pb Pema borbonae P, Pinus elliottii Ph Panicum hemstomon AN Pp Pt Pv Sa Pinus palustris Pinus tasca Pettanars virpnica Sparganium amencanum

' Sg Sagittana gramines 10(y sf Sagttana iatafotia Sn Saiix nigra Td Tamodium d!stichum T1 Typha lautolia Ve Vaiisnena amencana Figure S.1519S0 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions (transect F- west).

8-20 I

me

Jr & Mh N

.N*

IMPOUNDMENT g e .x.

Jr Messe Woods: Ag Arunoinene gigantes AF Ar Acer tubeum j a ph F1 As Alnus serruista Ct Bn Satuia nigra Cr 8: Basema schricen Lt Co Ceohmantnus occicentans Cr Cyntsa racemiflora Cso Casa cetes Ct Chamaetvpans tevoices g Os Dunoum erunnicaceum Eb Eleochans Daidvents Mh Ed Enocau.on cecangware Et Enantnus giganteus Em Pecchans rneianocarca En Elecchans octusa Ec Eleochans quaormgulata Hv Hypencum verymcum Jo Juncus podycoonatus Jr Juncus repens La Lycopodium appressum Lc Lachnanthes caroumana Lt Lnortendron tutiosttra Mc Mynca can ters Mh Mynoonytlum heterochvitum Ni Nuoriar luteum No Nympeaea ocorata Na Nyssa sylvatica Os Oronnum acuaneum Oc Ostm.noa annamomes Pb Perses borcoma Pt Pinus etliottii P5 Pamcum nemitomon Pp Pinus pasustns Pt Pnus taeca g Py Petrancra verymca Sa Soarsamum amencanum Sg Sagmann gramines 5: Sag ttana istfonia Sn S+ 4 mgm Tc Taxodium cisec%m T1 Ty ceo lat fciis Va Ventnena amencana Figure 8,16 1980 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions (transect G aast).

B-21

I I

I Ag Arundinana gigantes At Acer rubrum As Alnus serruista Bn Betuia nigra Bs Brasenia schnetun Co Ceoha mthus occicentalis Cr Cynits recewftore Cap Camx species Ct Chamaecycans thyoice-De Duischium avdinaceum IMPOUNDMENT Eb Efecchans beidvwnd Ba Ec Enocauton cocangulare Ph Eg Inanthus pganteus Em Eiear.hans metanocarpa Eo Eleochans actuas N' Elstchans cuadregulata En

1. W Hypencum eirynecum Jo Juncus pofycepnasus Ni Jr Juncus repens La Lycopodium appressum No La Lachnantnes caroliniana Lt tsnucencron tutigefore Mc MYMCs Confers w tte.ed: Me Mynoonvoum heterophyllum Mh NI Nuoher luteum Eh No Nymphase odorata Jr Ns Nyssa sytystica Os Oroncum acusocum Oc Osmunos cent nomes Pb Perses borcon s Pe Pinus e&ottd Ph Panicum howtomen Po Pinus casustns Messe Woods Pt Pinus taeca y Pv Pettandra virpnica Sa Soargaruum amencanum T4 g, Se $.sgittana graminee Ph No Si Sagittans isofods Sn Satin nigra E Td TI Taxodum distchum Typne tantoiis g

va vansnena .n.neana I

8 AN a 0 100' Figure 8.17 1980 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions (transect G - west).

I I

B-22 E

l I

9.0 Literature Cited I Ahlstrom, E. H. 194% A revision of the Rotatorian genus Kerate!!a with descriptions of three new species and five new varieties.

American Museum Natural History. 80:411-457.

Bull.

I I APHA. 1975. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C.

l l

y ASTM.1979. Water Part 31. American Society for Testing and Materials.

g- Philadelphia. I Beal, E. O. 1977. A manual of marsh and aquatic vascular plants of North I Carolina with habitat data. Agricultural Experiment Station Tech.

Bul. 247. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.

298 pp..

)

I Brooks, J. 1957. Systematics of North American Daphnia.

Connecticut Acad. Arts. Sci. 13:1-180.

Mem. l I

1 I . 1959. Cladocera, pp. 587-656. b W. T. Edmondson (ed.) Ward and Whipple's freshwater biology, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, lac.

New York.1,248 pp.

I l

j I Carolina Power & Light Company. 1976a. H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant. 316 Demonstration Summary. Raleigh, North Carolina.

l

. 1976b. H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant. 316 Demo.utra: ion. Vulume 11. Raleign, North Carolina.

. 1979a. H. B. Robinson Stea n Electric Plant environmental monitoring program results. Volume 11. New Hill, North Carolina.

. 1979b. Trace element monitoring: November 1977 -

December 1978. Raleigh, North Carolina, i

. 1980a. H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant environmente.1 monitoring program 1979 annual report. New Hill, North Carolina.

. 1980b. Trace element monitoring: 1979. Carolina Power &

Light Company. Raleigh, Nortn Carolina.

I Carolina Powe- 1 Light Company and Lawler, Matusky, and Skelly Engineers. 1981. Investigation of deformities and lowered recruitment of bluegill (Lecomis macrochirus) in Robinson Im-poundment. New Hill, North Carolina.

Cocke, E. C. 1967. Myxophyceae of North Carolina. Pub!!shed by the author. Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 206 pp.

I I 9-1 I

I

I Edmondson, W. 1959. R otif era. pp. 420-494. In W. T. Edmondson (ed.),

Ward and Whipple's freshwater bilogy, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 1,248 pp.

Fasset, Norman C. 1957. A manual of aquatic plants. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. 405 pp.

Handbook of algae. The University of Tennessee Forest, H. S. 1954 Press. Knoxville, Tennessee.

Justice, William 5., and C. Ritchie Bell. 1968. Wildflowers of North Carolina. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 217 pp.

Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States.

Ronald Press. New York. 769 pp.

Prescott, G. W. 1973. Algae of the western Great Lakes area. 53 edition. W. C. Brown Co. Dubuque, Iowa. 977 pp.

La wler, Matusky, and Skelly Engineers. 1980. Experimentation to g determine the cause(s) of the reduced racruitment and incidence of 3 abnormality in the Lake Robinson oluegill problem. LMS. Pearl River, NY.

Lloyd, J. J. H. Zar, and J. R. Karr. 1968. On the calculation of information - theoretical measures of diversity. Am. Mid. Na t.

79(2):257-272.

Radford, A. E., Harry Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of tne Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, North Carolina.1183 pp.

Sculthorpe, C. Duncan. 1967. The biology of aquatic vascular plants.

Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., London. 610 pp. g Smith, C. M.1950. The freshwater algae of the United States. McGraw-Hill New York. 719 pp.

Tiffany. L. H., and M. E. Britton. 1971. The algae of Illinois. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, New York.

USEPA.1974. Methods for chemical analyses of water and wastes. U. S.

Environmental ?rotection Agency. Washins; ton, D. C.

. 1979. Methods for chemical analyses of water and wastes. EPA-600/4-79-020. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.

Voigt, M.1957. Rotatoria. Die Radertiere Mittleleuropas. Volume I, g Volume !! Borntraeger, Berlin. 308 pp. 3-Weber, C. 1. (ed.) 1973. Biological field and laboratory methods for measuring the quality of surface water and effluents. EPA-670/4 00. Cincinnati, Ohio.

9-2 5

=

..V, .

L Wetzel, R. G. 1975. Limnology. W. B. Saunder Co. Philadelphia. 743 pp.

Whitford, L. A., and G. 3. Schumacher. 1969. A manual of freshwater I algae in North Carolina. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Technical Bulletin 138. Raleigh, No th Carolina. 313 pp.

Wilson, M., and H. Yeatman.1959. Free-living Copepoda. pp. 735-361. In W. T. Edmondson (ed.), Ward and Whipple's f reshwater biology, 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons,Inc. New York.1248 pp.

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1980 Robinson impoundment Temperature and

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