ML20085M450
| ML20085M450 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Robinson  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1978 |
| From: | CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT CO. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, NUDOCS 9111110015 | |
| Download: ML20085M450 (513) | |
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s. L H.B. ROBINSON STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT 1 L-r 1976-78 q !E ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS j LE-VOLUMEI 1 L
SUMMARY
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I I . I I CAROLINA P0k'ER 6 LIGHT COMPANY H. B. ROBINSON STEA'! ELECTRIC PLANT 1976-78 ENVIR0!D! ENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS AUGUST, 1979 l 1 YOLDIE I I I SDNARY I I I I i
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. Introduction This 316 Demonstratic.n reneval study program was conducted under the tertns and conditions of NPDES Fermit No. SC0002925 in accordance with the study plan submitted to the South Carolina Departtnent of Health and Envircicental Centrol (SCDHEC) on Novettber 3, 1977, and as tnodified on February 27, 1978, in response to recom-nendatinas by the U. S. Environt: ental Protection Agency (EPA) and the SCDHEC. The successful 316 Demonstration subititted in 1976 allowed I continued operation of the H. B. Robinson Plant in its present once-through mode as established in the record. Additionally, it van found that the location, design, construction and capacity of the cooling water intake structures reflect the best technology available for tuinimizing adverse environmental impact. An environmental monitoring p rogra:t continued in 1976 and 1977 under agreettent with the epa and the SCDHEC. The results of the biological monitoring program for the period between January, 1976, and December, 1978, are presented herein.
Physical Characteristics of Robinson Itupoundtnent The Robinson Ittpoundment (Figure 1) is on Black Creek, a tributary of the Pee Dee River. It is a typical blackwater stream exhibiting a combination of low pH (3.9-6.7) and darkly stained water which results from the 1 caching of organic material from the svampy headwater drainage. The low concentrations of nutrients associated with biotic production in Robinson Irnpoundment are typical of blackwater impoundments. The effects of these parameters substantially reduce the diversity and productivity of the phytoplankton cotmnunity. This naturally-occurring low icvel of primary production is reflected in the higher trophic 1cvels of the food web (benthos and fisheries). l l a
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The Robinson Impoundment also has habitat variations whfeh affect the biological productivity of various areas of the iupoundment. The upper impoundment (which is largely unaf f ected by thermal discharge) I has large areas of aquatic vegetation and numerous iloating and submerged logs which provide habitat and nutrients for aquatic organisms. The lover impoundment, in contrast, has limited areas of these habitats and has large areas of sandy shoreline which are subject to turbulence from va.'c action, and offeri generally a less desirable habitat fer most aquatic organisms. Another distinction of blackwater systems is their solar radiation absorption. The darkly stained water absorbs much more heat than " clear" vater, just as any dark surf ace absorbs more heat than a similar but lighter-colored object. Water Temperatures and Dissolved Oxy gn The 1978 vater temperatures vere affected by a :ombination of plant operations and meteorological cenditions which resulted in physical impoundment characteristics unlike those recorded during the prior 316 Demonstration. The shift in the Unit 2 outage in 1978 from November-December to February-April resulted in discharge temperatures during the late vinter and early spring which were substantially cooler than those noted in previous years. After Unit 2 returned to power in 1978, discharge temperatures rose rapidly. Whfic discharge temperatures in 1975 were statistically warmer than other years, summer discharge temperatures in 1978 vere varmer than c4ther 1976 or 1977 (Table 1). During November and December 1978, becai.se there van no refueling outage, discharge temperatures were somewhat varmer than those noted for similar periods in the past (Figures 3.2.40-40A). Spillway data are shown in Figures 3.2.40B-40C. Upper Impoundment Effects of thermal discharge on the upper-impoundment area is limited due, for the most part, to the conf $guration of the SR 346 bridge and road bed. As a result, the area in generally protected from b
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thermal discharge. Only during periods when southerly or southeasterly ( vinds predominate and/or during periods of low flow will discharge L vaters move a substantial distance above the SR 346 bridge. lloveve r , even during these periods, varmed discharge uters stratify over cooler bottom vater so that there is a large volume of water which is not affected by plant discharge. Warmed discharge waters, bec ause they are on the surf ace, tend to f ollow wind and/or flow currents. This creates changing thermal conditions in the top 2 m (6.6 it) of water (lit toral zone) in many areas of the upper impoundment, especially in the vicinity of Transect F and occasionally as far north as Transect G. Such con-ditions existed in spring 1978, as Unit 2 returned to power af ter a 12-vcek outage. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the upper impoundment were I similar to what are typically f ound in a slow moving, shallow stream. Middle Impoundment The effects of location of the plant discharge in the middle-impoundment area on thertnal conditions is most evident. As vould be expected, water temperatures in the middle-impoundment area are varmer than in the remainder of the impoundment. llovever, stratified ar(as which were minimally affected by thermal diccharge did exiet. The 1978 spring outage rerulted in water temperatures in the middle innoundment which were substantially cooler than those recorded in previous years. Following Unit 2 retu; 'ng to power, water tempera-tures rose rapidly, especially in littoral zone areas. Additionally, during the latter 1, art cf 1978, water temperatures vere warmer than I in past years (1975-1977) because of outages. The dissolved oxygen in the middle impoundment was somewhat l variable. In deeper areas during summer months some dicsolved oxygen stratification was noted. C [
s Lower impoundment Vater temperatures in the lover-impoundment area followed the general patterns described fer the middle-impoundment area. j Temperatures in the lower impoundment were cooler than those recorde: in the middle impoundment area. Generally, some mixing of discharge waters with bottom waters occurred, but stratification was evident, especially during the warmer summer months. j The lower impoundment is substantially deeper than c>ther areas of the impoundment, and dissolved oxygen stratification occurred during summer months. plankton As expected in blackwater systems, primary productivity and chlorophyll a_ analyses show low productivity (67/mgC/m / day annual average with a range of SmgCJU/Gy to 187mgC/m / day) due to low pH, high organic acids and low 1cvels of nutrients. These characteristics are typical of blackwater systems and compare to levels found in other similar bodies of water. Chlorophyll a, biomass in the discharge area was similar to other sptions studied, but some heat stresa was seen g P when temperatures vera elevated in the summer (Fig,ures 2 and 3), as seen in the original 316 study. Benthos I Analyses of lenthic organisms indicate the benthic communities were relatively consistent during 1976, 1977, and 1978, except in areas F near the diccharge (as established in the previous 316 study). Density
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and diversity index values were generally lever in 1978 than 1076 and 1977, but were ccmparable to 1975 levels (Figures 4, 5, 7 and 8) . Distribution of organisms was af f ected by many f actors, especially the presence of aquatic plants and submerged and floating logs in the d
unper impoundment. The lack of these substrate types and fooo resources coupled with greater depths in the lover. impoundment was less favorsole to eany species and provided suitable conditions for only a limited numL?r of taxa (Figure 6). Chironocids (midges) vere found to be the most diverse and abundant group in the impoundmeut. The effects of Robinson Iepoundment on the benthos of Black Creek were limited to Station H directly below the dam. This station vse dominated by filter feedf.ng organismo due to the increased organic matter coming cut of the impoundment. Elevated water temperatures at Station H also appeared to have limited certain benthic organisme. Further downstream (Station K), the ber.thic community resembled the community found above the impoundecnt (Station 1)-by having organisms that feed at all IcVels of the food web. Aquatic Vegetat12n Tn distribution of aquatic wegetation in Robinson Impoundment was similar to what was f ound in 1975 (Figures 9 thg, ugh 12) . Differencesnotedfuspeciesdiversityanddistribut*jkwerewhatwould be expected through natural variation and succession.Th ' actors af fecting thw aquatic vegetation included the low pH, low nutrient levels, limited light penetration and the ef f ects of vrve action on the substrate. Fisherie.s Species composition of the H. B. Robinson Impoundment fish population has changed little since the initial 316 study (1974-1975) (Table 2). Of six species added to the species list, three were tollected f rcm Black Creek during the 1974-1975 e dy and one was reported from the Black Creek drainage by other i estigators (Olmsted 4nd Cloutman. 1978). The two remaining species a common in the area and their collection was not unusual nor does it ' present a significant change in species composition. The one species ,3sent from the 1976-1978 pertoi which was present previously (flier) does not repreeent a e
significant change since it was collected only rarely during the .'.974-1975 period. _ one sport fishery species, white catfish, has L appeared to decline in abundance since the initial 316 study. L Gill-net sampling in Robinson Impour.dment co11ceted more fish m from Transect G than from the lower-impoundment transects, the pattern reported in 1974 and 1975. And, like the 1974-1975 period, diversity was much greater at the upper-impoundment transects. Gill-net catches in 1976 and 1977 vere below the icvels recorded in 1975 and 1978. Greater diversity in the upper portion of the impoundment I was alco evident frem seine catch data in all years. Sampling diffi-culties in the lower impoundment reduces reliability af comparisons; but at Transect G, catches were higher in 1976 and 1977 than in 1974-1975 and highest of the period (all years) in 1978. I Electrofishing data collteted f rom 1976-1978 indicated a pattern in abundance among transec s similar to that seen in 1975. In terms of abundance, varmouth ar.d largemouth bass catches at Transect A vere larger during the 1974-1975 period. The numbers of g PE bluegill taken in late 1978 vere much below those collected in the other years. Few bluegill collected vere young of the year, suggesting very poor reproduction in 1978. Total catches (all species combined) were generally similar but exhibited considerable variation among locations and sampling dates from 1974-1978. The standing cro', of fishes (t otal numbers and weights) esti-mated by cove rotenone sa*.ipling at Station C-1 increased in 1977 and 1978 over the 1974 and 1975 e stimates (Tables 3, 4 and 5). A nurber of fish decreased in abundance from 1977 to 1978, but numbers of fish between the two years (1977 ard 1978) were generally within the range of normal variation. Average neights of bluegill at Station C-1 in 1978 were relatively high compared to averfde weights in previous years. As at f
I the lower-impoundment stations, this indicates reduced numbers of small fish in the samples, but the difference in average weights vus less and more similar to the 1977 value at Station G-1 than at Stations A-1 or J E-1. Cove rotenone samples at Station C-4 exhibited the pattern of some species increasing and others decreasing f rom 1977 to 1978 which is normally observed in cove staple data. At Cove.Sta. tion E-1, numbers of fish declined from 1974-1978. Weight of fish taken at E-1 was similar in 1974, 1975, and 1977 (93.2, 136.8, and 86.2 Kg/Ha, respectively) but decreased in 1978 (42.1 Kg/Ha). While most species collected exhibited a decrease in numbers and weights fr,n 1977 to 1978, the most significant decreases occurred in varmouth and bluegill. Numbers of fish collected by cove rotenone sampling in the lower portions of Robinsen impoundment (Station A-1) increased from 1974 to 1977, but decreased in 1978 (Table 3), Weights were similar in 1975, 1977, and 1978 and lowest in 1974. It was previously reported that the 1974 estimate was thought to be an underestimate; therefore, catches in 1974-1977 may have been within the range of natural sampling variation. The small numbers in 1978, without a corresponding decrease in weight, illustrate the reduction of small fish in the samples. As indicated in Section 4, most of this reduction is due to the scarcity of young-of-the-year bluegill. Crowth estimates made in 1977 and 1918 are more accurate than those presented in the 1976 t eport. Bluegill appeared to grow faster in the lower impoundment during their first year, but grew faster in the upper impoundment af ter attaining a size large enough to feed on the larger invertebrate fish food organisen at Transect C. Overall, bluegill grew approximately 40-50 mm by August of their first year and at'.ained approximate 1/ 110 an by August of their second year. Largemouth bass growth data tends to confirm that the 1976 report underestimated growth in Robinson Impoundment; however, limited numbers of fish and variations g
in the data prevent strong growth estimates. The data suggest that growth rates are extremely variable (possibly due to variations in spawning dates) and estimates of 50-100 mm and 150-200 m are not a unreasonable for first- and second-year growth. Warmouth growth estimates were hindered by small sample size. Combining rotenone data
) from all stations, it appears warmouth grew very slowly in Robinson Impoundment ranging f rom 20-45 m their first year and from 45-75 mm in their second year.
Larval sunfish were taken primarily in spring and summer at Robinson Impoundment, although occasionally 2pecimens were collected outside of the " normal" spawning season. Highest catch rates of sunfish in larval traps in the 1976-1978 period were recorded at Transect G. An analysis of Transect G sunfish data indicated the catch was lowest in I 1978, significantly higher in 1976 and was significantly highest in 1977. tbre intensive analysis based on 1977 and 1978 weekly sampling also indicates sunfish catches were highest (significantly) at Transect G and during 1977. Weekly comparisons indicate sunfish catches were greatest in May and June. Larval percids (darters) were taken in larval traps over a wide range of sampling dates, but greatest numbers were recorded in spring and summer at Transect G. During the summer, percid apawniag I activity was reduced in the mid- and lower-impoundnent areas, particu-la dv in the discharge area. Although numbers of larval percids c 7e:ted in fall and winter vera low, catch rates v 'e highest at Transnets A and E. 4' I Analysis of the total catches in larval fish traps generally reflected the patterns observed in sunfish and percid catches. Overall catches were much larger at Transect G than at Trcnsects A or E and were largest in 1977, smaller in 1976, and smallest in 1978. l l h R
Sampling with towed or pushed ichthyoplankton nets generally indicated the similarity of Transects A and E, increased numbers and diversity at Transect F, and Freatly increased numbers and diversity at Transect G. Seasonally, catches in all areas consisted small variable numbers of percids during the fall and vinter months, a pattern that appears consistent in al' if the years sampled. Createst catches, however, were taken in the spring and summer with week 1; and monthly differences in catches among locations that appear u change from year to year. The examination of adult fish gonads and the distribution of larvae in the impoundment during the spring 1977 reproductive study a indicated specific temperature had little to do with spawning activity within the temperature ranges encountered. There was appreciable I variation in the data, but everall it appeared location in the impound-ment and date were more closely related to reproductive activity than was temperature within the range encountered. Entrainment data collected in the 1976-1978 period was similar to the 1974-1975 data. Abundance was extremely variabic a a percids were the most often collected taxa. Sunfishes were m' , entrained during the summer months with a few individuals taken during fall. In all years (1974-1978) bluegill was the species most frequently impinged on the H. B. Robinson intake screens. Impingement rates of all fish species on Unit 1 appeared lover in the 1976-1978 period than was previously reported, and numbers appeared lowest in 1978. Comparing Unit 2 impingement in 1976-1978 to the 1973-1975 data, it was found that numbers were generally similar except ' rom mid- to late 1978. In summer and fall in most years, the impingement rate was increased due to recruitment of young-of-the-year fish (particularly bluegills). In 1978, the reduction of available young-of-the-year bluegills in the population was reflected in reduced imp 2ngement rates. It is not i
believed that impingement was a significant factor in determining bluegill abundance or the strength of the year class, because the , observed reduction in bluegill populations was not confined to the intake area or lower impoundment. Two artificial reefs were placed in Robinson lepoundment during 1978. There appears to be some usage by fish and fisher =en but at a low rate. It has been noticed that a number of lepomids (sunfish) collected during the 1976-1978 study period exhibited morpho.1.ogical deformities. This was most often observed in bluegills, although some warmouth appeared to exhibit the same condition. The occurrence of deformed fish in the collections appeared to increase in late 1978, and their occurrence in January and February, 1979, electrofishing samples were recorded. During these two months, a large percentage of the bluegill collected from Transects A, E and F exhibited dei cmities while none were found at Transect G. In February, 52% of the bluegills collected at Transect A, 43% of the bluegills collected at Transect E, and 12% of the bluegills collected at Transect F vere defomed. Defomed fish, including those with a deformed mouth, appear to have normal body proportions and were not noticeably thin or emaciated. A study to investigate possible cause.3 and to determine more about the character of these deformities is currently being conducted by North Carolina State University. Conclusion There has been a decrease in the fish populations in the mid and lover impoundment areas (transects A and E) since the original 316 Study (1976 Report). Fish populations in the upper impoundment have remained within the range of normal variation. Variations in fish populations f rom year to year are coc: mon and can result from any of a l 3 l l
w number of factors. These include thermal regime, genetic makeup, or ocher factors such as water quality. These same factors also probably caused the reduction in young-of-year noted in 1978 (primary bluegill) and the deformities noted in Lepomids. The many potential influences are currently being investigated and a rational solution determined. The indication that thereal conditions were involved in the biological changes noted in1978 is confused by the f act that 1978 did not exhibit varmest thermal conditions of the 1974 - 1978 period. The fact that biological problems were noted in a year which did not exhibit maximum thermal conditions (recorded) suggest that ,,ther factors or combination of factors are causative. Therefore, continued plant operation under the present NPDES limitations is justified while specific causes and solutions are determined. k
=M E
E E E E E' E E E E N E E E E E E E E Table 1 Results of discharge water temperatures analysis of average daily means by Smirnov's non-parametric statistical test. Months 1 6 to 9 Year 10 11 12 Combined 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8' 9 Comparison 78>75* 78>75 78<75 78-75 No Data Available for Test 78-75+ 78<75+ 78<75+ 78-75+ 78<75 78>76 78>76 78>76 78-76 78<76 78<76 78<76 78<76 78-76 78>76 78-76 78>76 78>76 78>76 78>77 78>77 78>77 78>77 78-77 78-77 78<77 78<77 78<77 78<77 78>77 78<77* 78>77 78>77 77<75 77>75* 77>75 77<75 77-75 No Data Available for Test 77-75 77>75* 77<75 77<75 77<76 77>76 77>76 77<76 77-76 77<76 77<76 77-76 77>76 77>76 77>76 77>76* 77<76 77<76 76<75 76<75* 76<75 76<75 76-75 No Data Available for Test 76<75 76<75 76<75 76<75
*Large proportion of data missing for one year which may or may not bias result.
78,75 75 78 78 75 76 76 77,76 76 77 78,75 77 75 Yearly 78 76 78 77 77 78 Ranks of 78,77 77 78 77 78,76 77,75 75 77 76 75 75 76 78 78 76 78,76 76 g liigh to 77 77 76 76 77 l Low Temperatures
"<" indicates less than
">" indicates greater than
"=" indicates equal to i
+ Estimates calculated from linear regression of weir data as a function of plant data were inserted for those days in June through September 1975 for which no weir temperature data was available.
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Table 2, Common and scientific names of fishes collected from Robinson Impoundment in 1976-1978 compared to che 1974-1975 species composition: Scientific Nace 1974-1975 1976 1977 1978 Comon Name Anquilla rostrata X X American cel X X X Amia calva X Bowiin X X X Umbra pygmaea X Eastern mudminnow X X X Esox emericanus X Redfin pickerel
- Esox niger X X X X Chain pickerel X Notemigonus chrysoleucas X X X Golden shiner X X X Ironcolor shiner Notropis chalybacus Notropis cummingsae X X X X Dusky shiner X X
Unidentified ninnow Cyprinidae X X X X Creek chubsucker Erimyzon oblongus Erimyzon sucetta X X X X 8 Lake chubsucker X X X Minytrema melanops X Spotted sucker X X X X ! Unidentified chubsucker Erimyzon sp. X X X Ictalurus catus X White catfish X X X X Yeliov bullhead Ictaluru.c natalis X X Brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus Ictalurus platyrephalus X X X X Flat bullhead X X Tadpole madtom Noturus gyrinus X Unidentifie. madtom Noturus sp. X X X X Swampfish Chologaster cornuta_ X X X X Firate perch Aphredoderus sayanus X X X Lined topminnow Fundulus lineolatus X X X X X Mosquitoffsh Gambusia affinis Acantharchus pomotis X X X X Mud sunfish Centrarchus_macropterus X Flier X X Elassoma zonatum X X Banded Pigmy sunfish X X X X Blackbanded sunfish Enneacanthus chaetodon Enneacanthus gloriosus X X X X Bluespotted sunfish
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continued 1974-1975 1976 1977 1978 Coarnon Jame Scientific Name X X Unidentified banded sunfish Ennescanthus sp. X X X X Redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus X X X X Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus X X X X Warmouth Lepomis gulosun X X X X Bluegill Leponis macrochirus X X X X Lepomis marginatus_ Dollar sunfish Lepomis microlophus X X X Redcar sunfish X X X X Largenouth bass Micropterus salmoides X X X White crapple Pomoxis annularis X Pomoxis nigromaculatus X X Black crappie X X X X Sunfish hybrid Lepcmis_sh X X Unidentified sunfish Lepomis sp. X X X X Swamp darter Etheostoma fusi orme X X Tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi X X X X Sawcheck darter Etheostoma serriferum X X X Unidentified darter Percidae
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I I Table 3. Total numbers and weights of fish collected by cove rotenone sampling at Robinson Impoundment 1974-1973. Station A-1 M er Impoundment Year Number Weight (Kg/Ha) 1974 8369 48.2 139.8 g 1975 1977 12269 15365 119.3 3 5430 92.9 1978 8 Station E-) - Discharge Area Y ear _ Number Weight (Kg/Ha) 33667 93.2 I 1974 1975 1977 14346 8220 136.8 86.2 42.1 1978 2378 Station G-1 Upper Impoundment
'aar Number Weight (Kg/Ha) 1974 12058 42.5 1975 9051 29.3 1977 21189 119.2 1978 17564 112.5 I
B . I I I I _9
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Table 4 Nu=bers of fishes per hectare collected from coves of Robinson Ic:poundment during August, 1974, 1975, 1977, and 1978. Lower - A-1; Mid = E-1; Upper = G-1; Head = G-4. 1975 1977 1978 1974 lower Mid typer fewer Mid t!rper tw* r M Mm M**d tow r g Upper Mrad 12 5 12 8 l Ea s t e rn mudainnow 15 20 7 49 49 37 62 83 23 155 40 24 15 101 Redfin pickere! 25 156 148 159 28 394 402 G ala pickerel 59 86 77 175 35 133 M8 28 74 18 48 39 Colden shiner 19 57 358 79 9 1265 Ironcolor shfaer 12 681 Dusky shiper lo 44 59 12 197 122 19 H 23 Creek .:hsbs.eker 25 20 371 5 11 35 12 22 43 late cinasswcher 35 Unidentified c hbowcker 484 49 24 48 9 233 62 Spotted sucher 135 40 126 25 156 174 203 32 9 220 205 99 47 37 89 el Yellow bellbead 85 Tadpole m:adtoe 238 12 I)nidentified modtom k 4 44 16 Swampfish 40 85 830 24 % 17 40 62 72 833 18, IM 2 32 4553 ,
'O Firste perch 25 88 1214 l 109 106 62 18 2009 2181 Lined tereinnov 25 7 $8 47 25 96 3260 34 0 592 453 24 Nsqvitellsh 586 7 201 17 22 25 28 38 322 14 Nd sanfish IS 16 5 12 15 Banded- pigsy sanfleh 12 74 138 151 5492 42 198 2564 Eleckbanded sunfish 173 30 465 3i 274 54 6 4806 4761' 467 2670 st64 2846 30I 9524 7669 Blueepotted sunfish 2298 640 2231 1844 435 423 25 10 sedhiesst sunfleh 267 4516 1760 80 42 2459 909 1438 860 1510 213 641 870 160 fietmouth 2949 858 1722 1752 2203 104 M22 31508 4322 8656 12046 220 5339 571?
Stuegill 632 7M 1400 57 2192 938 2171 rullar swfish 12 24 Redens sunf f st. ?2 64 197 155 8 103 81 25 265b 77 42 195 22 targemouth boas 12 8 19 t'eidentified liybrid sunfish 49 25 la 109 1483 339 s1 947 671 4191 715 .75 19 5M 19 Swa=p derter 25 12 39 151 17 22 37 314 111 sawcheek darter 48 Tesselst ed darter 15379 8218 20489 28542 54 30 2368 17564 18451 101 AL 8353 93189 12058 12269 14 % 8 9536 t-- _ . _ _ _ .
Table 5 Weights of fishes (grams) per hectare Lower collected
= A-1; Mid from coves
= E-1; of Robinson Upper = G-1; IIcadImpoundment
= G-4. during August 1974, 1975, 1977, and 1978.
1978 1977 Head 1975 Ed, Upper 1974 Uppe r Imr Nid h lever Mid gm Head _14wer Istwer Mid 27
% 16 22 25 22 23 % 518 88 1044 5081 4515 197 1085 l' astern mudainnov 1090 487 214 2489 39 13300 24143 2223 13760 17453 Pedlin pickerel 544 31111 (023 5832 178 18574 7791 M32 43504 4519 58'i 92 155 Chain pickerel 170 642 240 376 1856 colden shiner til 9 344 Ironcolor shiner 10 12 4684 1959 3730 1238 398 1599 3495 lbaky shiner 64 642 35 2979 2144 9038 86 283 1730 Creek chubsucher 138 54 take chubsacker 8771 10612 127 15207 24882 7639 40851 Unidentified chubsucker 2918 3%I8 393 614 85 595 607 Spotted sucker 19208 235 209 3291 186 356 57 924 27 2051 Teltow bullhead 179 12 Tadpole madtem 4 Unidentified madrom 27 58 3500 3504 271 231 1%4 Suaeptish 729 54 1 883 337 661 89 69 264 257 1585 154 Firate perch 180 146 62 28 1683 8 32 7 7 42 849 120 172 149 l.Ined topetnnew 15 25 69 323 29 2514
, 225 935 598 151 3039 M>squitoffsh 457 2 924 86 7 ,4 32 Mud sunfish 5 2860 264 272 3790 Banded pipsy sunfish 526 271 524 267 124 573 49 319 8926 6929 824 7541 9533 Blackbanded sunfish lio 3067 7898 1637 4900 271 2301 1584 1012 405 Blues %tted sunfish 1683 .,
855 27 11848 3005 18732 14924 RedM ast s, n fish 6140 31394 20413 15314 1%48 17875 15921 29798 37621 9617 29916 31558 34350 3562 1964 23065 45948 3340) 2658 Warmouth 11671 17675 85336 3400 3591 3360 6089 54834 7373 1609 81uegill 2431 57 2308 139 203 tullar sunfish 9 10845 3055 1637 1367 5623 4928 Redear sunfish 8656 38 8 13320 2849 2053 7356 933 334 largemouth bass 239 529 230 464 22 5 140 4 72 319 Unidentified Hybrid suntish 47 657 161 32 492 239 894 8 25 12 151 83 Sua.p derter 86 10 7 12 48 54uct.eek darter 92905 42070 !!2529 98958 Tessetat ed dar* er !!9338 86205 119158 18715 42481 139821 136B40 29255 48195 93084 TOTAL t_.__ _____ _ l
J Tian*ect i U.S 1
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Bloc Oreek Transect J SR 346 l TianSect G 5 E Transect F f) I Y Transect E s Dischaf9* ransect DA J l .. Transect D l ' - ' Transect CA 5 SR 39 L t. J.. J. Transcct C Discharge Canal
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k . J' Transect b SR 23 n s 4' "1.Js tA H. B. Robinson Ur 'ts 1 & Ib . o F2 e t
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s J 9 I, Transect K
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i 1 # 1 t Dec. May June Jui; Aug. Sept. Oct. Ibv. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Figure 2 Integrated Primary Productivity during 1978 at Stations A-2 and E-3 in the Robinson impoundment e _ _ _ _ _ h
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1 I t i t t t t i \[ r t t July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Figure 3 Mean Chorophyll a_ concentration during 1978 at Stations A-2, E-3 and G in the Robinson l impoundment
2000 ' 1750 , _,___, A-2 ... . . N 1500 E-1 : . 5 f, k E - - - s t s s 8 s
-- 1250 . -
,s i
>s s 1 o s
,a .
- s m 1000 -
o t c. a - *. I \ O 750 -
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~
9 _,,,- 2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/76 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 5/78 8/78 11/78 Date of Collection Figure 4 Density of Robinson impoundment Benthic Organisms at Stations A-1, A-2, E-1, nd E-2 by Quarters from 1975 to 1978 i
e 2000 F- 1 --- - .
- "~
1750 - G-1 G - - - \ c'e 1500 E 5 1250 / ..... m
- n . -
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,.- 5.
Y 1000 !
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.v s
0 - 2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/76Date 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 5/78 8/7 of Collection Figure 5 Density of Robinson impoundment Benthic Organisms at Stations F-1, F.2, G-1, and GsJ by Quarters from 1975 to 1978 L --- -
24 A 21 .f 4*
-F-1 r-2 --- -- !3 c-1 -- - ! ',
i Is c-2 I l s 1 s 8 1 4 15 -
! 's j 's o s a s f 4 7 4 t
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0 m 5/78 8/73 11/76 2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/76 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 Date of Collection Figure 6 Number of Benthic Taxa Collected at ear.h Station by Quarters from 1975 to '1978 in Robinson impoundment
,M m y q g y O N O O MM M M M M M 1
3.2
's 2.8 ~ A- A --
2--- '/
, 's.
E-1 E- 3 -- - -
/ 'g
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0 - 2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/75 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1 Date of Collection
/
Figure 7 Diversity Estimates (d) of Benthos Collected at Stations A 1, A-2, E-1, and E-3 in Robinson impoundment by Quarters from 1975 to 1978
U L,_ J LJ 4.0 - 3.6 - is l' I. 3.2 s t n,' ,,s~.'~., i i _s' .
A-A.
i e-,,s -i '3 - 2.8 /t i %., ,' i _g. . . . 1
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2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/76 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 5/78 8/76 11/78 Date of Collection Figure ;8 Diversity Estimates (d) of Benthos Co!!ected at Statiom F-1, F-2, G-1, and G-2 in Robinson impoundment by Quarters from 1975 to 1978
s I
\
Wtch Line A A,K O m K f g/ '
. C. R
'A.K
,L A.K
/\
% - AL u,,i p,po, p,nnetum A
' O Nymew. edo'eu M C e, n.. .er,t.rt L
2A,L Noeniwuwm D f A,K L .A 55*W '"'"**num E
'A,L O'""""'**"*
L Enoc.wien commum G
'K Pou mas = tan a...,w w w. H
-L scarpu. cwo.nua w I owiwinum .runen um J
- L' K,P - ti.e ri. t=no-li K Junau. e.o.a. L
-A A, L,0
- r.n wm wieman M g g /- L Tye i.usan. N O
A,K S*"*"***'"" 3~ A,L two+.n. m...nassiv. P Juncus etAu O Ei e.n. . qui io.o R K ti. e .n. w r.no.u S vincei.n. we.u T I wyp.ncum .+icum U
)-L u cu psyceseimo. V n
q K.L f.depu. cyp.nnu. W H M OO IL B. Robinson J Urdo I and 2 5 3 z
~ ~
1000* i
-W l
Figure 9~~ 1978 Robinson impoundment Vegetational Distributions l l 1
, z I
a
m i ys& W t I #,- i O ",# A I M , "'- ( A,1 I A,L,K u vriopav owm pinnatum A
\
Nvmee n. odo<su B I R
~ nr n.. isn=nert C
Nuphar luteum D Sosrenium emencanum E A,L- o,onuum .aus . cum F I i L-
'3 triomwien compe.sawm G S ,B Powmwien einstenus H A,L sci w eiudersuietue I Mf tunicn;um .mna,anaam J hrp Canal
'A,K.L ti e.rse b.id aail K Lp 3,,,, ,,,,, t Ar P.nicum 8.automan M Tyt%t tenfalla N g S.,tues remonas O tiesche meienocarpe P A K,L A,L 3,,,,,,,y,,, o twech no ea :.no.o.e R l M twoch. i av or.npeu 5 A vincuiens 6afista T Hymna.m w ea e U K ,L. % pave.uw. v i
sorpu cyp.nnu. W A.K I A,K j s 5 z A,L 1000*
)
3 - - - - -- - -. - _ . . _ _ _ _ _, _ _ _ _ , , , , , , _ _ u. ica Lin,
\\,
Figure 1,0_ 1978 Robinson impoundment Vegetational Distributions aa 9
+ . _ _ . _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _
u ve oe,.uwm pmaetum A ' Nymer. . odo.ete B see nie ierstart C d Nwphat Nteum D 59.rpnium e=rkanam E ornativm enweticum F 7 " * ~ triocewton compreanum G Match UD.I . 5. R. 346 p.g ,,,,, ,3,,,wf ouw. H g' . . . . i ' --K , L scirpus etut rewistus 1
.t', ,
owiiewm .rnna wm J 32- A,B.K ,L tee.ch.de t***mit K J p-B e
-A acui no.ru P*akwa h*mitamon M L
l , O- L Tves IsiMe N
- g. . A s.,mne p.mwe o D' ' p K
' 8,
)L/
ti.och.n. m.i.,,oc.,p. Jwnew etNiu. O A tieocher+ eowinio.o R I tw r e av.o.c,s.t. s Utrievinas inhts T
'7 K,L ,A g, , , _
aman wy=ww. y
-o <A sorpus cyp nave W I .g
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.B I -B ,L
-A
-A.D.L A,B,F B D,F s
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,A E
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'A.K,L L 'A T
,L
. -A,B,K s
L s l , F
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a > 9
- L s 1000' B,K A
- - - - - - - - - . . _ _ _ _ _ yy u,,
Figure _11 1978 Robinson impoundment Vegetational Distributions 4 kt
/ Mvviopavu wm pinn wm A wymonme oceau B or.Me i&nters C Nwsder Wtoum D so.rynium emenemnum E oronuum ow.ucum F trico.uiui comen um G ! reumaeton sa ecuton,vi H seirous owinn:uisw. i ownchawm unden.a.wm J I En.odwts be'owiasi K
.Anicus means L Pew t mtamon M Typha lavions N I s.ptws. v mine. -
E1.achans me.necerpa O P Q =
.bncus etNeu.
Ei.ce.8s ovinto,e R [ Ew.ie.ris ou,anineasu S ., utneuterie eftm T ,y Hys ncum virene U
- Junaus pdve sNwe V A,B g K I sorpus cype.w,e W O3
/
W' %no -A,B'C B p t;;
, - -- @v A,B ,C - B
-A,BC N
A,B.E.F 'I-H,K
', , B,L - 'K A,B,C *
^.
N A,Bj, .C A,B C */ \4,L < [t / C-T' 1;c f
\p I
a C A-
-C D * - B C,K A,B,C 8s -
~
s . A,B,K c $ I di A3 i B A,L W - K ,,6 oc A,B,C
'A B,D f
'" ~
'A,B C.L 1 B.
K.L
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-Y y -D ' A,S s L-A,L g I B,C,G,L
-O B D-4 U-# - A.D.L i >
Bd'-M A- B - 1000* Figure 12 s'D
- -6 1978 Robinson impoundment Vegetational Distributions CC
OVERSIZE DOCUMENT PAGE PULLED SEE APERTURE CARDS NUMBER OF OVERSIZE PAGES FILMED ON APERTURE CARDS q n \ t i ocis-ol-oh APERTURE CARD /HARD COPY AVAILABLE- FROM RECORDS AND- REPORTS MANAGEMENT BRANCH _._____-,._.___._._____m__-.m_____ _ _ _ .- ~ . - - -
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l. s 3J o 5 . H.B. ROBINSON STEAM' ELECTRIC PLANT- ~ i1976-78. ' ENVIRONMENTAL: MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS [E; VOLUME 11 .
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I I I I I ~ I I - g CAROLINA P0k'ER & LIGHT COMPANY H. B. ROBI'; SON STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT 1976-78 = I ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROCPR! RESULTS AUGUST, 1979 VOLUME II I I I - I I I I I .
1 I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables v I List of Figures viii Sections 1.0 Introduction 1-1 2.0 Review of 316 Demonstration Submittal in June 1976 2-1 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Chemical Characteris; ics 2-1 2.3 Physical Characteristics 2-2 2.4 Biological Characteristics 2-2 I 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 Plankton Aquatic Vegetation Benthos 2-2 2-3 2-4 2.4.4 Fisheries 2-5 3.0 Environmental Data 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-1 4 3.2 Water Temperature' 3-1 3.2.1 Water Te perature Profiles 3-1 3.2.1.1 Methods 3-1 ( - 3.2.1.2 Results & Discussion 3-2 3.2.2 Continuous Temperature "ecorders 3-3 I 3.2.3 3.2.2.1 Methods 3.2.2.2 Results & Discussion Spring 1978 Littoral Zone Thermal Studies 3- 3 3-4 3-5 3.2.3.1 Methods 3-5 I 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.3.2 Results & Discussions Conclusions 3-6 3-7 Overview & Sumary 3-8 I 3.2.5.1 Upper Impoundment 3.2.5.2 Middle Impoundment 3.2.5.3 Lower Impoundment 3- 8 3-8 3-9 3.3 Dirsolved Oyxgen 3-10 3.3.1 Methods 3-10 3.3.2 Results & Discussion 3-10 3.3.3 Conclusione 3-10 I 3.4 3.3.4 Overview & Summary Water Chemistry 3.4.1 Methods 3-11 3-11 3-11 3.4.2 Results 3-12
.I 3.4.3 Discussion 3-12 3.4.4 Summary 3-13 3.5 References 3-15 .I I
I
- c. W m . ..
^ Table of Contents (cont'd) Page 4-1 4.0 Fisheries 4-1 4.1 IntrtJuction 4-1 4.2 Fish Distributiens in Impoundment 4-1 3 4.2.1 introduction 4-2 g 4.2.2 Methode & Materials 0-2 4.2.3 Results & Discussion 4-2 Species Composition Gill Netting 4-3 4-4 Seine 4-6 Electrofishing Comparison of Gill Net, Seine and g _Electrofishing Data Collected 1976- 3 4-11 1978 to Data Collected in 1974 and 1975 4-32 . 4.3 Standing Crop Estimates 4-12 4.3.1 Introduction 4-13 4.3.2 Methods & Materials 4-13 4.3.3 Results & Discussion Comparisons of Cove Rotenone Sampling Data Collected in 1977 and 1978 to 4-15 Data Collected in 1974 and 1975 4-17 E c.4 Growth Studies and Size Distributions of Robinson 3 Impoundment Fishes' 4-17 4.4.1 Introduction 4-17 4.4.2 Methods & Materials 4-18 4.4.3 Results & Discussion 4-18 Bluegill Largemouth Bass 4-19 4-20 Warmouth 4-21 Chain Pickere_1 4-21 4.5 Fish Reproduction in Robinson Impoundment 4-21 un 4.5.1 Introduction 4-22 l 4.5.2 Methods & Materials 4-22 4.5.3 Results & Discussion Shoreline Areas Sampled with Larval Fish Traps 4-22 Quarterly Analysis 4-23 Weekly or Biweekly Analysis 4-25 4-27 Transect F Comparison of Larval Trap Catches in 4-29 1976-1978 to 1975 4-20 Open-Water Areas 1977 Spring Reproductive Study. 4-32 g. Ichthyoplankton Entrainment 4-36 g 4.6 4-36 4.6.1 Introduction 4-36 4.6.2 Methods & Materials 4-36 . 4.6.3 Results &-Discussion Fish Impingement at H. B. Robinson SEP 4-37 4.7 4-37 4.7.1 Introduction 4-37 4.7.2 Methods & Materials ~ Results & Discussion 4-38 4.7.3 l I! 11 l;
Table of Contents (cont'd) I em I 4.8 Habitat Management 4.9 Miscellaneous observations & Activities Deformed slueg412s 4-40 4-40 4-40 Hybrid Sunfish 4-41 I- Fish Movement Studies 4.10 Discussion of Thermal Effects I.-42 4-43 4.11 References 4-45 5.0 Plankton 5-1 I 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Methods 5.3 Results 5-1 5-1 5-2 5.4 Discussion 5-4 I 5.5 Summary 5.6 References 5-5 5' 6.0 Benthos 6-1 6,1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Methods 6-1 I. 6.2.1 Benthic Organisms 6-1 6-2 1976 1977 6-2 I 1978 6.2.2 Sediment Analysis 6-3 6-3 6-4 6.3 Results & Discussion I 6.3.1 Robinson Impoundment 6.3.1.1 Density Diptera 6-4 6-4 6-5 I Chironomidae Culicidae Ephemeroptera 6-5 6-8 6-9 Ephemeridae b-i I Trichoptera Polycentropadidae Leptoceridae 6-10 6-10 6-10 I Oligochaeta Overall Impoundment Densities 6.3.1.2 Taxa Richness 6-11 6-11 6-12 6-12 I 6. 3.1. 3 Diversity 6.3.1.4 Sediment Analysis Grain Size Distribution 6-13 6-14 Totu) Volatile Solids 6-15 I 6.3.2 Black Creek 6.3.2.1 6.3.2.2 Density Taxa Richness 6-15 6-16 6-16 6.3.2.3 Diversity 6-17 I iii
I Table of Contents (cont'd) m I 6.4 Conclusions 6-17 6.4.1 Black Creek 6-17 6.4.2 Sediment Analysis 6-18 6.4.3 Robinson Impoundment 6-18 6.5 St a ry 6-19
- 6. 6 References 6-21 7.0 Aquatic Vegetation 7-1 3 7.1 Introduction 7-1 E 7.2 Methods 7-1 7.3 Results 7-2 7.4 Summary & Conclusions 7-3 7.5 References 7-4 Appendix A - H. B. Robinson Statistical Methods A-1 Appendix B - H. B. Robinson Water Temperature Profile Data April 1976 to December 1978 B-1 Appendix C - H. B. Robinson Continuous Recorder Water 3 Temperature Data, April 1976 to December 1977 C-1 E Appendix D - H. B. Robinson 1977 Intensive Thermal Study D-1 Appendix E - H. B. Robinson 1978 Littoral Zone Survey Data E-1 g Appendix F - H. B. Robinson Dissolved Oxygen Data g April 1976 to December 1977 F-1 Appendix G - Water Chemistry Data, April 1976 to December 1978 G-1 I
E I I I I I I! iv l E.i
I LIST OF TABLES Table Titic Page. 1.0.1 1978 H. B. Robinson 316 Renewal Prograin 1-2 3.2.1 H. B. Robinson continuous recorder data, discharge: 1978 3-16 3.2.2 H. B. Robinson continuous recorder data, spillway: 1978 3-18 3.2.3 Results of discharge water temperature analysis of average daily means by Smirnov's non-parametric statistical test 3-20 3.2.4 Results of spillway water temperatures analysis of average daily means by Smirnov's non-parametric statistical test 3-21 3.2.5 Robinson Impoundment littoral zone temperatures ('C): 1977 and 1978 3-22 3.4.1 Paired T test values for selected water chemistry parameters in comparing impoundment stations with I inflow Station 1 , 3-23 3.4.2 Non-parametric sign test for selected chemical I parameters in testing significant differences be-tween impoundment stations with inflow Station 1 3-24 I 4.2.1 Common and scientific names of fishes collected from Robinson Impoundment in 1976-1978 compared to the 1974-1975 species composition 4-46 I 4.2.2 Fishes collected with 100-foot experimental gill nets per 24-hour set (mean of two sets) in Robinson Impoundment during 1976 and 1977 4-48 4.2.3 Fishes collected with 100-foot experimental gill nets per 24-hour set (mean of two sets) in Robinson Impoundment during 1978 4-50 4.2.4 Fishes collected by seining during Robinson Impound-ment quarterly sampling, 1976 and 1977 (number per I standard haul) 4-52 4.2.5 Fishes collected by seining during Robinson Impound-I ment quarterly sampling during 1978 (number per standard haul) 4-53 I 4.2.6 Fishes collected per hour of electrofishing from Robinson Impoundment during quarterly sampling, 1976-1977 4-55 v
List of Tables (cont'd) I Title Page Table 4.2.7 Fishes collected per hour of el?ctrofishing from Robinson Impoundment during 1978 sampling 4-57 4.3.la Number of fishes per hectare collected from coves of Robinson Impoundment during August 1974, 1975, 1977, and 1978 4-62 4.3.lb Weights of fishes per hectare collected from coves of Robinson Impoundment during August 1974, 1975, 1977, and 1978 4-63 4.3.2 Changes in standing crop estimates for several fish species from 1977 to 1978 (cover rotenone samples) 4-64 4.5.1 Larval fishes collected in 30 cm (571 u mesh) sur-face nets at Robinson Impoundment during 1976 (mean number per 100 m3 ) 4-65 4.5.2 Larval fishes collected in surface tows at Robinson l Impoundment during 1977 (mean number per 1000 m ) 3 4-66 5 4.5.3 Larval fishes collected in. surface (1/2 m 571 u g push net samples fYom Robinson Impoundment during 3 1978 (mean number per 100 m3) 4-68 4.6.1 Ichthyoplankton collected from H. B. Robinson SEP intake water (# entrained per 1000 m3 ) with 30 cm 571 9 mesh nets during 1976 4-72 4.6.2 Ichthyoplankton collected from H. B. Robinson SEP intake water (# entrained per 1000 m3) with 30 cm 571 p mesh nets during 1977 4-73 IB E 4.6.3 Ichthycplankton collected from H. B. Robinson SEP intake water (# entrained per 1000 m3 ) with 30 cm 571 p mesh nets during 1978 4-74 4.7.1 Fishes impinged on the H. B. Robinson SEP Unit 1 intake screens, January 1976 - August 1978 4-75 4.7.2 Fishes impinged on the H. B. Robinson SEP Unit 1 intake screens, January 197 - August 1978 4-77 4.7.3 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for differences in bluegill impingement rates among months at the H. B. Robinson SEP Unit 2 intake structure 4-80 5.3.1 Mean primary productivity and chlorophyll a_ biomass estimates ir. Robinson Impoundment during 1978 5-8 I vi
I L v. " oi Tables (cont'd) Table Title Page Nutrients, alkalinity and temperature in the Robin-I 5.3.2 son Impoundment during 1978 5-9 6.3.1 Robinson Impoundtent and Black Creek Benthic Taxa I List, 1976-1978 6-23 6.3.2 Mean phi (0) value of sediment analyzed from Robin-son Impoundment 1978 6-29 6.3.3 Total volatile solids (7. carbon) of sediments from Robinson Impoundment 1978 6-30 I I I . I I I I I I I I I i .11
LIST OF FIGURES : Figure Title Page 3.2.1 H. B. Robinson water temperature and dissolved oxygen sampling transects and stations 3-25 , 3.2.2 H. B. Robinson discharge area water temperature and dissolved oxygen sampling stations 3-26 3.2.3 H. B. Robinson 2 C surface isotherms: January 30, 1978 3-27 3.2.4 H. B. Robinson 2L verticci isotherms (east to west): January 30, 1978 3-28 3.2.5 H. B. Robinson 2 C vertical isothems (north to sou t.h) : January 30, 1978 3-29 3.2.6 H. B. Robinson 2 C surface isotherms: February 14, 1978 3-30 3.2.7 H. B. Robinson 2 C' vertical isotherms (east to wes t) : February 14, 1978 3 .31 3.2.8 H. B. Robinson 2 C vertical isotherms (north to
' south): February 14, 1978 3-32 3.2.9 H. .B. Robinson 2 C surf ace isotherras:
March 15, 1978 3-33 3.2.10 H. B. Robinson 2 C vertical isotherms (east to a west) : March 15, 1978 3-34 l 3.2.11 H. b. Robinson 2 C vertical isotherms (north to south): March 15, 1978 3-35 3.2.12 H. B. Robinson 2 C surface isotherms: April 24, 1978 3-36 3.2.13 H. B. Robinson 2 C vertical isotherms (east to wes t) : April 24, 1978 3-37 3.2.14 H. B. Robinson 2 C vertical isotherms (north to south): April 24, 1978 3-38 3.2.15 H. B. Robinson 2 C surface isotherms: May 23, 1978 3-39 3.2.16 H. B. Robinson 2 C vertical isotherms (east to west): May 23, 1978 3 40 I! viii gj
~ .
I .I Page, I nt' d) rth to 3 41 Figure s (co Title I List of on 2 C vertical isotherms (no 3 42 F__ ige H. B. Robins May 23, 1978 c e isotherms: 3 2.17 souht ): C surfa to 3 43 H. B. Robinson June 27,1978 2 isotherms (east erticsl 3 2.18 2Cv rth to 3 44 H. B. RobinsonJune 27,1978 isotheres (no 3.2.19 west): *C vet tical 3 45 H. B. Robinson Jun 2e 27, 1978 N rms : e isot 3 2.20 south): Cs urfac to 3 46 H.July B. 17, Robinson 1978 2 1 isstherms (east 3.2.21 C vestit4 to 3 47 H. B. Robinson 2 July 17,1976 isotherms (north 3 2.22 west): 2 C vertical 3 48 H. B. Robinson July 17, 1978 is othems: 3 2.23 south): C surf ace to 3 49 H. B.14, August Robinson 1978 2 isotherms (east 3 2.24 C vertical orth to 3 50 son 214, 1978 H. B. RobinAugust isotheres (n 3.2.25 vest) : C vertical 3 51 H. B. Robinson August 214, 1978o ms: 3 2.26 south): C surf ace is the to 3 52 H. B. Robinson 2r 14,1978 isotherms (east Septembe i 3227 C vert cal 78 3 5'. H. B. Robinson 2 September s (north to isothere 14,19 3.2.28 west): C vertical8 3-
#' H. B. Robinson 2 September 14,197 e is othems:
3 2.29 south): surfac to 3
# s (east H. B. Robinson October 9, 1978 2C isotterm 3.2.30 n2 C vertical o H. B. RobinsoOctober 9,1978 isothems (north t 3 2 31 we st) : C vertical H. B. Robinson 2 October nthems: 9,1978 ce is 3.2.32 s outh): C surfa H.vember B. Robinson 6,197 8
2 3 2.33 No
'x- x
I List of Figures (cont'd) Figure Title Pa_ffe 3.2.34 H. B. Robinson 2*C vertica) isotheres (east to vest): November 6, 1978 3-58 3.2.35 H. D. Robinson 2'C vertical isotherms (north to scuth): November 6, 1978 3-59 3.2.36 H. B. Robinsc.n 2*C surface isotherms: Dececaber 6, 1978 3-60 3.2.37 H. B. Robinson 2'C vertical isotherms (east to vest): December 6, 1978 3-61 3.2.38 H. B. Robinson 2'C vertical isotheres (north to south): December 6, 1978 3-62 3.2.39 H. B. Robinson continuous recorder locations 3-63 3.2.40- H. B. Robinson Continuous Recorder Data: Maximum Daily 40A and Mean Daily Discharge Temperature, 1975, 1976 3-64 1977, 1978
- 3. 2. 40 B H. B. Rc,binson Continuous Recorder Data : Maximum 40C Daily and Mean La ly Spillway Temperature, 1975, 3-65 E 1976, 1977, 1978 3 3.2.41 H. B. Robinson littoral zone percent of cumulative volumes of water at given temperatures: March 14, 1978 3-66 3.2.42 H. B. Robinson littoral zone percent of cumulative E volumes of water at given temperatures: March 29- E 1978 3-67 3.2.43 H. B. Robinson littoral zone percent of cumulative volumes of water at given temperatures: April 11, 1978 3-68 3.2.44 H. B. Robinson littoral zone percent of cumulative volumes of water at given temperatures: April 25, 3-69 3.2.45 1978 H. B. Robinson littora zone percent of cumulative I
volumes of water at given temperatures: May 8, 1978 3-70 3.2.46 H. B. Robinson littor.il zone percer.t of cumulative volumes of water at given temperatures: May 23,1978 3-71 3.2.47 H. B. Robinson littoral zone percent of cumulative volumes of water at given temperatures: June 5, 1978 3-72 3.2.48 H. B. Robinson littoral zone percent of cumulative volumes of water at given temperatures: June 19, 1978 3-73 I! X ,
~
\
I List of Figures (cont'd) 1igure Title Pago a 4.2.1 lasheries sampling stations in kobinson Impoundment 4-81 4.4.1A Length frequency of bluegill collected by cove rotenone sampling in Robinson Impoundment at Station A-1 in 1977 and 1978 4-82 4.4.1B Length frequency of bluegill collected by cove I rotenone sampling in Robinson Impoundment at Station E-1 in 1977 and 1978 4-83 4.4.1C Length frequency of bluegill collecLed by cove rotenone sampling in Robinsen Impoundment at Station G-1 in 1977 and 1978 4-84 4.4.1D Length frequency of bluegill collected by cove rotenene sampling in Robinser Impoundment at i all stations combined in 1977 and 1978 4-85 4.4.2 Lens;th frequency of warmouth collected by cove rotenone sampling in Robinson Impoundment at all statio:.s ;ombined in 1977 and 1978 4-86 4.5.1A Average weekly larval trap catches and temperatures at Stations A-1, A-3, C-1, and C-3 during the 1977 repmductive study 4-87 4.5.1B Average weekly Isreal trap catches and temperatures at Stations D-1, D-3, E-1, and E-3 during the 1977 reproductive study 4-87 ' 4.5.1C Average weekly larval trap cacches and temperatures atStations F-1, F-3, G-1, and C-3 during the 1977 reproductive study 4-88 5.2.1 Robinson Impoundment sampling stations for primary productivity and benthos 5-10 I 5.3.1 Integrated primary productivity during 1978 at Stations A-2 and E-3 in the Robinson Impoundment 5-11 5,3.2 Mean chlorophyll a_ concentration during 1978 at I Stations A-2, E-3, and G in the Robinson Impoundment 5-12 6.3.1 Density ot' Robinson Impoundment benthic organisms at Stations A-1, A-2, E-1, and E-2 by quarters I. from 1975 t; 1973 6-31 6.3.2 Density of Robinson 13poundment benthic organisms at Stations F-1, F-2, G-1 and G-3 by quarters from 1975 to 1978 6-32 I xi
/ I
' List of Figures (cont'd) Title Page Firure 6.3.3 Numbet of benthic taxa collected at each station ' by quartars from 1975 to 1978 in Robinson Impoundment 6-33 6.3.4 Diversity estimates (d) of benthos collected at Stations A-1. A-2, E-1 and E-3 in Robinson Impound- E ment by quarters from 1975 to 1978 6-34 5 6.3.5 Diversity estimates (3) of benthos collected at g Stations T-1, F-2, C-1 and G-2 in Robinson Impound- g ment by quarters from 1975 to 1978 6-35 7.3.1 1978 Robinson Impoundment vegetational distributions 7-5 I I I I I E I I I I! xii gj l e
LI l 4.0 Introduction This 316 Demonstration renewal study program was conducted ; under the terns and conditions of NPDES Permit No. SC0002925 in i ( l accordance with the study plan submitted to the South Carolina l Department of Ilealth and Environmental Control (SCDilEC) on Noven.ber 3, 1977, and as tuodified on February 27, 1978, in response to recom- l mendations by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the SCD}lEC. The succescful 316 Demonstration subnitted in 1976 allowed I cor*inued operation of the H. B. Robinson Plant in its present once- " 4 through mode as established in the record. Additionally, it was found that the location, design, construction and capacity of the cooling I water intake structures reficct the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental irnpact. An environmental raonitoring program continued in 1976 and 1977 under agreement with the U. S. EPA l and the SCDilEC. The results of the biological monitoring program for I the intervening period between submittal of the 11. B. Robinson Plant - 316 Demonstration report in .une, 1976, and December, 1978, are pre-sented herein. A brief description of the 1978 study program is given in l Table 1.0.1. I I , 5 I 1-l'
/
Tabic 1.0.1 1978 H. B. Robinson 316 Renewal Ptogram 4 I Program Frequency . 1oestion Thernal Monitering Littoral Zone (Spring) Continuous Recorders Discharge and Dam Spillway Profiles (Monthly) Plankton Chlorophyll (Monthly) A, E Macroinvertebrates May-September (Monthly) A, E, F, C Also January, March and 11 I, K hovcmber Fish Gill Net & Seine-Quarterly A,E,F,G Electrofishing-Monthly A,E,F.C Rotenone-Annual A, E. G Larval Fish Traps, A,E,F,C e is m. Push Nets g; Biweekly July-February; Weekly March-Juno Entrainment Unit 2 Intake I, Biweekly-July-February; Weekly March-June a Impingement Units 1 6 2 E:: Biweekly July-February; ; Weekly Parch-June
- Aquatic Spring, Summer Entire Impoundment '
Macrophytes I: I. \ I < 1-2 I h'
I j 2.0 Review of 316 Demonstration Subinitted in June 1976 i 2.1 Introduction I The submittal of the succcessful 316 Demonstration in 1976 allowed the issuat$ce of NPDES Permit Nc. SC 0002925, which provided for the continued operation of the 11. B. Robinson SEP cooling water system in the once-through mode. This demonstration also established certait, chemical, physical, and biological characteristics upon which future studies would be compared. A brief review of those characteristics as presented in the prior demonstration follova. I 2.2 Chemical Characteristics The Robinson Itnpoundment is on Black Creek, a tributary of the Pee Dee River. It is a typical blackwater stream exhibiting a low pil (3.9-6.3) and darkly stained water resulting from the 1 caching of organic tuaterial f rom the swampy headwater drainage. The low concentrations of nutrients associated with biotic production in Robinson impoundment is typical of blackvater impoundments. The effects of these parameters substantially reduce the diversity and productivity of the phytoplankton community. This naturally-occurring low level of primary production is reficcted in the higher trophic 1cvels of the food web (benthos and I fisheries). For all of the water quality constituents indicated in the 1983 water quality goals, the waters of Robinson Impoundmenc would c appear to meet all recommended water quality goals as defined at this time with the possible exception of copper. I Dissolved oxygen patterns and concentrations were similar tc other man-made impoundments of this type. Concentrations of dissolved I oxygen were generally uniform throughout the water column at all stations from mid-fall to mid-spring. From late spring to early f all, DO concen-trations below 4 mg/l were recorded at or near the bottom of the deeper impoundment stations, with temporary dissolved oxygen stratification occurring during summer. 2-1
r I 2.3 Physical Characteristics As circulating water is discharged from the discharge canal I into the irapoundment, varmed water disperses and forms a surf ace layer over cooler bottoto waters entering the discharge area f rom the upper irtpoundment and Black Creek drainage area. Normal circulation patterns are southward from the discharge to the dam and the plant. Seasonal variation of surface and vertical temperature I:, patterns in the impoundment was noted. During early fall, vinter, and late spring, waters were well mixed in the lower impoundmer.t. Cencrolly, uniform temperatures were recorded for each water column, especially at the deeper southernmost transects during winter periods. During spring, mixing occurred in the lower impoundment, after which a tempera-ture gradient was established and maintained until fall when mixing recurred. liowever, during sunmer thermal stratification was esitab-j lished at the deeper stations. In the mid-impoundment area near the discharge, heated discharge , waters layered over significantly cooler bottom water. This phenomenon was observcd during all seasons of the year. Maximum temperatures were recorded during July and August I E when discharge temperatures generally remained above 40 C (104 F) but below 43 C (109 F). hodeled temperatures as well as observed tempera-tures during summer indicated that surface temperatures a!. the dam g were warmed by about 2 C (3 F-4 F). W 2.4 Biological Characteristics 2.4.1 Plankton Plankton community standing crop data indicated similar populations in abundance and population composition in the lover impoundment (A) and the discharge area (E), while the upper impound-ment population was generally much smaller in number and biomass. The same taxa and major groups were primarily important at all three ; 2-2
I stations. Diversity was low at all three stations but was compareble to other water bodies of similar water quality. Comparison of monthly chlororhyll concentrations indicated that the same " population" existed in the lower impoundment and the
. discharge. Erratic fluctuations and the absence of a seasonal pattern in chlorophyll concentrations in the upper impoundment suggested the presence of a population originatin;; in Black Creek.
The phytoplankton community appeared to be adapted to the I regime of low alkalinity, nutrient fluctuations, and the range of temperatures observed over the sampling period. At temperatures exceeding 32 C for Icng periode, a population stress was indicated by the reduction of primary productivity in the discharge area (E-3). This was reficcted in community production efficiency and chcrgy flow in this aren during the summer. Ilovever, since the population compo-sition and total abundance were not altered as a result of this stress, it could be concluded that the population van stable and could recovec from periodic stresses when conditions were more favorable. Overall, phytoplankton standing crop and primary productivity appeared to be enhanced in the lower impoundment and discharge area when compared with the upper impoundment. primary production of the Robinson Impoundment, while moderately low, compared well with rates for similar water bodies in the area. 2.4.2 Aquatic Vegetation I A compicx set of interacting factors combined to determine the distribution of aquatic vegetation. Water chemistry, substrate, turbolence, light penetration, and temperature were all found to influence distribution of aquatic vegetation in Robinson impoundment. It can be generalized from the literature reviewed that detrimental temperature effec ts may become apparent near 35 C (95 C). Ilowever, temperatures and their effects vary among species. Except in the inmediate area of the discharge, turbulence, substrate, and physio-2-3
I graphic and man-n.ade features were the primary reasons for reduced aquati. ngetation in unprotected areas of the ittpoundment. Above the SR 346 bridge an abrupt change in vegetatien was apparent. Substrate and reduced wave action increased the suitability of this area for colontration by macrophytes. Except when strong southerly winds forced heated water under the bridge, very little, if any, thermal addition was made to this area by the plant discharge. There were no identifiable effects of the thermal effluent from the 5 Robinson Plant in tr.is area. I 2.4.3 Benthos Benthic comtnunities were found to be more abundant and diverse at stations in the upper impoundment (F-1. F-2, G-1, G-2) . This would be expected since this crea had many areas of aquatic plants and numerous floating and submerged logs. The lower areas of the itnpoundment lacked the abundanca of these areas and therefore had a fauna that was som vhat dif f erent and less diverse. Organism abundance and diversity from month to month appeared , to be relatively consistent throughout the year at all parts of the impoundment except the discharge area. The abundsnee and diversity at E the discharge were similar to the other saapling areas of the impoundment f rom November through May, but were depressed during h.ummer tnonths which B-was reflected in the comparison of the annual mean abundances of the discharge area with other locations. Data suggested that this depression of divereity and abundance at the discharge vis the result of the thermal ef fluent during the suener tnonths. O Black Creek benthic communities itznediately below the impoundment were dominated by filter-feeding species. This vould be expected because of the increased amount of nutrients coming out of the impoundment. Analysis indicated that the benthic community further downstream was similar to the benthos in Black Creek above Robinson g 35 Impoundment, indicating a return to the fauna that would normally be found in Black Creek. I! 2-4 ll l
1 I 2 . 4 . *, Fisheries I Species composition and distribution studies shoved that 13 of the 31 species collected in the impoundment were centrachids (sunfish), indicating the importance of that group. The species list was similar to other area lakes exhibiting similar environmental charac-teristics (Iow pH, dark water). The Robinson Impoundment fisheries did not appear to be signi-ficantif reduced by plant operations except in the immediate discharge I area during summer. Fish distributions appeared to be primarily af fect ed by habitat. !!umerically, little dif f erence was evident in total gill net catchec from Stations E-3, E-1, C-3, C-1, and A-1, but these catches were appreciably Icwer than those in the upper impoundment, particularly G-3. Bluegill and chain pickerel were more abundant in the lower impoundment, while suckers and golden shiners were more abundant at the I discharge and upper impoundment stations i Electrofishing samp.1ea showed generally increased diversity from the lower impoundment to the upper impoundment, with temporal and spatial variations. Transect A showed highest tetal catches, while g B the discharge and upper impoundment areas showed no apparent differences. Largemouth bass were more abundant at E-3, E-1, and A-1, while vamouth were more abundant at A-1, G-3, and A-3. Standing crop estimates ranged from 29.3 kg/ha (26.0 lbs/ acre) in the upper impoundment in 1975 to 139.8 kg/ha (124.0 lbs/ acre) in the lower impoundment during 1975. During both 1974 and 1975 greatest numbers of fishes were collected from the mid-impoundment. !;o species was conspicuous by its presence or absence. These data were similar to I other lakes in the region with comparable environmental characteristics. Although surface ;emputatures in some areas of Robinson Impoundment approached thermal maxima for many species, standing crop data show fish were present in good numbers, possibly indicating utilization of tempera-ture stratified or refuge areas. I . 2-5
I Food h& bits analysis f er the 1.luegill have indicated that planktivory was an it:portant feeding strategy of bluegills in the lower impoundment and that this feeding strategy probably reficcted the optimal feeding conditions under the existing habitat conditions (i.e., limited littoral habitat). In the upper itt.poundment, the diet of blue-gills was more diverse, had a greater evenness in distribution of rnajor food items, and included a greater proportion of large-bodied benthic invertebrates. This feeding behavior is typical of ; hat described in g the literature, and no stresses were apparent from either low productivity 5 or heat load. In the discharge area, the feeding conditions during the summer of 1975 were the poorest encountered in the impoundment, and benthos abundances and species diversity were very Icw, creating an unstabic food supply. This Jack of stability of dominant food items indicated a food stress on bluegill population in the discharge area, al' hough it apparently had little overall impact on growth and t epro-duction of bluegills in the itapoundment. Food habits of largemouth bass, warmouth, and chain pickerel were similar to literature descrip- g tions, and a comparison of food selectivity with availahility in the a habitat suggest that food was not a limiting factor for growth and reproduction. Age-growth and length-weight studies showed no obvious differences throughout tbc impoundment although some variations did E exist. Growth rates were low but similar to other blackwater lakes E fn the region. Length-weight analysis did not indicate poor condition of fishes in the discharge vicinity, fecundity estimates, indicative of potential productive etfort, were similar to literature values for largemouth bass and warmouth. Bluegill fecundity was lower than literature values,as was mature egg diameter. The causativo environmental and/or tiological determinants f or these f:Lndings were not apparent f rom the data. Examination of data pertinent to a 316(b) Demonstration showed that entrainment of larval fish through the H. B. Robinson Unit 2.circulatir1g water rystem occurred during all months except January, but no fish eggs were collected in any of the sampics. Of l' 2-6 i
I l the fish collected, 93.8% were percids. Catostomids were only collected l during May (.3% of the total) while centrarchida (2.6%) were collected in June, July, and October. A small number of necimens (3.3%) I collet.ted during June and October could not be identified to the f amily level. Of there taxa, and others found in the impoundment, none were known to prefer pelagic areas such as those in the vicinity of the intake etructure for spawning. Percids, however, were thought to move into the pelagic areas of the impoundment soon after hatching, as evidenced by their abundance in ichthyoplankton tov sampics from the lower impoundment and discharge areas. The presence of larval percids j during 11 months of the year, their apparent numerical abundance in the lower and middle impoundment areas, and their continued presence and i abundance af ter four years of plant operation, strongly suggested no appreciable harm has been done to percid populations, and therefore the , i effects of ichthyoplankton entrainment on the fish population of l Robinson Impoundment were negligible. ! Fish impingement on,the Unit 1 intake screens was negligible averaging less than 0.5 kg of fish per day during 1974 and 1975. Rates for Unit 2 were higher averaging 5.8 kg per day (12.7 lbs per day) in 1974 and 4.8 kg per day (10.6 lbs per day) in 1975. Of these, bluegills made up 98% (74% of the bie nass) and 95% (75% of the biomass) of the l catch during 1974 and 1975. Maximum impf.ngement on Unit 2 occurred during late summer of both years. The majority of fish impinged vere g l5 less than 115 mm in length with the larger average sizes collec'.ed during the late vinter and spring months. t l d In evaluating the importance of impingement, the species ! and numbers of fish precent in the vicinity of the intake had to be i considered. The majority of fish impinged were small bluegills which I were also very abundant in the area. The abundance data, particularly after four years of plant operation, soggested that impingement had not done appreciable harm to the bluegill population in this area of the
.I Impoundment.
1l l. l 27
I I I I I I I I I I E 8 I I I I I I: 2-8 E
=-
I 3.0 Environmental Data 3.1 Introduction Water temperatura, dissolvcd oxygen, and water chemistry studies have been conducted at the Robinson Impoundment since Merch 1973. Data for the period March 1973 through March 1976 are included in CP&L's "11. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant 316 Demonstration Volume 11" (CP6L,1976) . All water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water chemistry data collected in 1978 are discussed and analyced in this report. Data collected item April 1976 to Detcuter 1977 are included as appendices to thic document and have been used along with I priur 316 Demonstration data for temparisons with the 1978 data.
"l . 2 Water Temperature 3.2.1 Water Temperature Profiles 3.2.1.1 Methods Generally, water temperature profile satnpling snethods, fre-I quency, and station locations vere similar to those establi.hed during the prior 316 Demonstration study and included tnonthly temperature sam-pling at varicum stations along established transects (Figures 3.2.1 and 3.2.2). Temperatures were recorded on the surface and at I m (3.3 f t) intervals with a 11ydrolab, Inc. TDO-2 (accuracy i 0.5 C [1 9 F)).
Sampling and calibration of equipment followed written procedures established by the CP6L Environmental iechnology Section. Statistical analyses were perfore d on temperature profile I data recorded from Stations A-2, C-3, D-1, E-1, F, end C for the years 1973-1978. Analyses included yearly comparisons donc for each station by month. A Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used. I I 3-1
1 3.2.1.2 Results and Discussion Water temperature profile data for the period April 1976 to December 1978 are presented in Appendix B. Estimates of representative isotherm configurations for one day during each of the twelve months of 1978 are included as Figures 3.2.3 through 3.2.39 and consist of surface and vertical approximations of 2*C isotheres. Thermal patterns (stratification, cooling, flow, etc.) indi-cated by the 1978 data chat were similar to those observed during pre-vious years included:
- 1. Discharge temperatures were directly influenced by the operation schedule of Unit 2 and, to a lesser extent, Unit 1.
]
- 2. With Unit 2 on line, surface temperatures in the discharge area were approxiEately 8'C to 9't (14'T to 16*F) warmer than surface temperatures at the plant intake.
I
- 3. Cooling occurred as waters flowed away from the discharge canal.
- 4. Warmed discharged waters dispersed over substantially cooler bottom water and resulted in stratification in the nid-impoundment (discharge) area.
- 5. Movement of discharge waters was both southward to the spill- g way (plant intake area) and northward above the SR 346 5 bridge, as influenced by wind and creek flow conditions.
- 6. Stratification cccurred throughout the impoundment during l
warmer months. However, the 1978 data also indicated se"eral thermal patterns which differed from previous years' survey data. Specifically. 3-2 as ' l
I dif ferences were noted r'uring a Unit 2 refueling outage (January 28, 1978, I to April 25, 1970). Irnpor t ant differences included 1) uniform ternpera-tures throughout the in:poundment varying approximately 2 C (4 F) between stations during any one water temperature profile survey; and 2) absence of stratification, even in the discharge (mid-itupoundment) area. In addition to the alteration of thermal patterns, the 1978 refueling outage reculted in water temperatures throughout the entire itnpoundtnent which were approximately 6 C to S C (11 F to 14 F) lower than those recorded for respective months in previous years. I Rapid vatting of the impoundment occurred af ter Unit 2 returned to power on April 25, 1978. This had been preceded by colu water temperature conditions for the period January, February, March, and April. The varmest temperatures ever recorded for a May survey day (with the exception of 1977) were noted in 1978. There were no statistically significant differences between June, July, August, and September 1978 and other years, with the I exception that June 1974 and 1976 were significantly colder than other years. However, while differences could not be statistically identi-fled, the 1978 water temperature profile data for the months of Juae, August, and September indicated water temperatures which were slightly warmer than those which were recorded for respective months in previous years. Additionally, July 1978 vater temperatures were sotnewhat cooler. (note should !>e made that water temperature profile data are based on one or two sample days per month and may or inay not be representative of the monthly average temperatures.) I 3.2.2 Continuous Temperature Recorders I 3.2.2.1 Methods Between April 1976 and December 1977, continuous strip chart temperature recorders were operated in various locatiens as indicated in Appendix C. During 1978 recorders were operated at the cnd of the discharge canal and at the impoundment spillway (Figure 3.2.1). All I 3-3 I ---- _ _
)
temperatures were recorded from a depth of approximately 1 m (3.3 ft), Il and hourly readings were used to compute a daily mean, maximum and minimum temperature. ! Atkins Technical. Inc. Mode. #22348-09 continuous strip chart recorders (accuracy +1.2'C [+2.2'F)) were used for the study. Calibra-tion of recorders followed written procedures established by the Cp6L , Environmental Technology Section. During periods when the Atkins re-corders malfunctioned, plant data, as reported for the H. B. Robinson NPDES permit, were substituted. Statistical analyses were performed on sp114vay and discharge data for the years 1975-1978. Analyses included comparivn of each station by month, by year, and for the period June to September. A Smirnov's non-pararaetric test was used. 3.2.2.2 Rest.its and Discussion g
. g Data for the period April 1976 to December 1977 are presented in Appendix C. Data for 1978 are presented in Tables 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 and results of statistical analyses are indicated in Tables 3.2.3 and 3.2.4. Figut es 3. 2.4') to 3.2.40C include plots of the daily average and daily maximum discharge and spillway temperatures for 1975-1978.
e The 1970 tempcratures were directly related to the operation schedule of Unit 2 and, to a lesser degree, Unit 1. During the re-g fueling outage of January 28, 1978 to April 25, 1978, temperatures at E both the spillway and discharge weir were significantly lower than those recorded in previous years. (Discharge temperatures in 1978, as compared to cther years, were often 15'c to 20'C [27'F to 36*F] lower while spill-vay temperatures generally were in the range of 6*C to 9'C [11'F to 16*F] cooler.) As indicated in Figure 3.2.40A,in May 1978 af ter Unit 2 had re-turned to power, average daily discharge temperatures rapidly increesed froc 25.5'C (77.9'F) on May 1,1978 to 40.9'c (105.6'F) on June 1,1978. (During a similar period in 1977, temperatures rose only 6.5'C [11.7*F).) Discharge and spillway temperatures continued to rise into June and for 3-4 gj u l i m
I the period June-September 1978, temperatures were significantly higher than temperatures recorded in either 1976 or 1977 (but not 1975). Addi-tionally, because there was not a prolonged outage in either ';ovember or December 1978, tenperatures at both ctations for respective months were si;;nificantly higher than previous years. I 3.2.3 Spring Littoral Zone Thermal Studies 3.2.3.1 Methods Intensive thermal surveys were conducted by a CP&L consultant, Aquatec, Inc. (between March and June 1977). The methodology, results, and discussions are presented in Appendix D. The thermal study, con-7 ducted in conjunction with extensive fish reproduction studies, was de-signed to demonstrate that NPDES Permit thermal limits were lower than were. necessary to protect "a balanced, indigenous community of fish, shellfish, and wildlife" in and on Robinson Impoundment. The study was also designe4 to document the extent of thermal refuge areas throughout the impoundment; and special emphasis was placed on littoral zone thermal ; conditions. Comurative data were collected by CP&L during spring 1978. The impoundment littoral zone was defined as being 2 m (6.6 ft) deep and divided into the same 50 areas used in the 1977 study (Figure 3.2, Appendix D). One area, 14A, was added to the survey. I The impoundment was divided into three large sectors: Upper impoundment - araa north of SR 346 K Middle impoundment - area south of SR 346 and north of Transect DA (Figure 3.2.1) Lower impoundment - area south of Transect DA [. Delineation of sectors was based en shoreline characteristics, 1' $g fishery habitat potential, and potential influence of thermal discharge. I 3-5 l
i ! Statistical analysis was performed on data collected during 1977 to determine the number of temperatures required to be recorded l in each of the areas in order to reliably estimate (within prescribed limits) average temperatures for depths of 0.5 m (1.6 ft) and 1.5 m l (4. 9 f t ). In .nost cases only one temperature had to be recorded at each depth. Eight surveys were petformed in 1978: March 14 and 29 j April 11 and 25, May 8 and 23, and June 5 and 19. Temperatures were recorded rith a Hydrolab TD0-2 meter (accuracy +0.5*C [+0.9'F]). Cali- _ bration of equipment followed written procedures established by the - CP&L Environmental Technology Section. i i j 3.2.3.2 Results arid Discussion i Results of each survey are graphically represented in Figures i 3.2.41 through 3.2.48 and described in tabular for..in Appendix E. Temperatures have been reported by impoundment sector and as percentages I c! cumulative volumes of water in the littoral zone. Volumes of water ref rted in the spring 1977 studies in the Robinson Impoundmetit littoral } zone were calculated to be approximately: Lower Middle Upper. Total Impoundment I i Impoundment Impoundment Impoundmer.t B 5 3 5 3 5 3 6 3 m 5.1 x 10 m 2.7 x 10 m 4.9 x 10 m 1.3 x 10 m W l
- (416 ac-f t) (217 ac-ft) (400 ac-ft) (1033 ac-ft) 40.3% of total 21.0% of total 38.7% of total -
Table 3.2.5 compares the spring 1977 temperature surveys with the spring 1978 littoral zone study. The rise in average littoral zone temperatures between mid-March 1977 and early June 1977 was R.7'C (15.7'F); however, due to the outage schedule of Unit 2, the increase in average littoral zone temperatures for this period in 1978 was a much greater one of 17.4'C (31.3*F) . The greatret increase in 1978 littoral zone temperatures be-l tween sampling dates occurred between the April 25, 197E and May 11, l llB l 3-6 g,
l j 1978 surveys as Unit 2 returned to full power. The 1978 temperatures ' before this period were 4*C - 6'C (7*F to 11'F) lower than thore re-corded in 1977, but after the May 11, 1978 survey, 1978 littoral zone temperatures were similar to those in 1977.
~
The absence of 1978 littoral zone temperatures in the range of 20'C to 24'C (68'F to 75*F) is of specific concern. Large areas of the littoral zone were documented in this raige for March, April, and I May 1977 (Appendix D). In 1978 these temperatures were very rarely noted in the middle or lower irnpoundment littoral areas.While in the
~
upper impoundment area, water temperatures in this range were noted only during May 1978. I 3.2.4 Conclu. ions I Water teaperatures and thermal patterns recorded in early 1978 differed from previous years' data due, for the most part, to the re-I fueling schedule of Unit 2. As a result of this extended outage period and as compared to previous years' data, from February 1978 through April 1978, significantly colder water temperatures occurred and uniform . temperature distribution existed throughout the impoundment. In May 1978 after Unit 2 returned to power, water temperatures rose rapidly throughout the impoundment and rtratification occurred. For the most part, temperatures in May 1978 suddenly rose to Icvels equal to or greater than those recorded in either 1973, 1974, 1975, or 1976. A warming trend continued into June 1978. However, July 1978 impoundment temperatures vere somewhat lower than those recorded in I previous years. For the entire period June-September 1978, temperatures at the discharge and spillway were warmer than t. hose recorded for a similar ps.riod in the past with the exception that discharge temperatures during 1975 were warmer. I Vater temperatures and thermal patterns recorded in October of 1978 were comparable to those recorded in previous studies. However, dt ring November and December 1978, because of previous years outage I I a.,
I schedules, thermal conditions were somewhat warmer. 3.2.5 overview and Suacary 3.2.5.1 Upper impoundment In 1978 water temperatures in the upper impoundment were re-corded from two ternperature profile stations and eight littoral zone areas. These data indicate the limited cffeet of thermal discharge on the upper itnpoundment area. The limited effects of thermal discharge on the upper itnpound-I ment area was due in part to the construction associated with the re-loca*'on of the SR 346 road bed. During the creation of t he itnpoundment in 1959, SR 346 was relocated by constructing a 305 m (1000 f t) earthen dyke through the impoundment area and a 61 m (200 ft) supported bridge. This relatively small bridge opening has litnited the amount of warmed discharge water which could' move northward and has created an area in the impoundment which is generally protected from the thermal effluent. Only during peticds when southerly or south-easterly winds predominate and/or during perioch of low flow will discharge waters move a cubstantial distar.ce above the SR 346 bridge. Ilowever, even during these periods, warmed discharge waters stratify over cooler bottom waters and large volumes of water which are not affected by plant discharge exist; W with a shift in wind direction, warmed discharge waters, because they are on the surface, tend to fc11ow wind and/or flow currents. This creates changing thermal conditions in the top 2 m (6.6 f t) of water in many areas of the upper impoundment, especially those in the vicinity of Station F and occasionally as far north as Station G. 3.2.5.2 Middle Impoundment During 1978 water temperatures were recorded from twenty-three temperature profile stations, twenty-three littoral zone areas, and one continuous temperature recorder. The effects of the p3 ant discharge in the middle impoundment area on thermal conditions was nost evident, l 3-8 g
I - and as would be expected, water tettperatures in the middle impoundment vere varmer than in the remainder of the impoundment. llovever, as was noted in previous years, there vere a number I of areas in the middle impoundment which were not affected by plant discharge. These included: areas with depths of 3 m (9.8 ft) or more where discharge waters stratify in the apper 2 m (6.2 f t); the Beaver , Dam Creek area (Figure 3.2.2); and numerous springs and seeps alone, the shore. l The effects of the 1978 spring outage on water temperatures I in the middle impoundment re.sulted in themal conditions which were substantially cooler than those recorded in previous years. Following I Unit 2 returning to power, water temperatures rose rapidly, especially in littoral zone area. While there were no stati.tical differences be-tween 1978 and previous years, in June and iasust 1973 middle impound-I ment water temperatures generally were varm r than those recorded in previous years, but in July 1978 vater tempe ratures were lover. Addi-tionally, during the latter part of 1978 becuuse of previous years outage schedules, water temperatures were varmer. I 3.2.5.3 lower Impoundment I During 1978 vater temperatures were recorded from fifteen temperature profile stations, twenty littoral zone areas, and one continuous temperature recorder. The natural flow of the impoundment results in the flow of vamed discharge waters from the middle im-poundment area to the plant intake and spillway. As vamed discharge waters move southward cooling occurs, and water temperatures in the lover impoundment area were cooler than those recorded an the middle impoundment areas. Generally, some mixing of discharge waters with bottom waters occurred, but stratification was stil; evident, especially during the vs.mer sur months. I The effects of the spring outage on water temperatures in I 4 3-9 um _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _
e , i i
/
the middle impoundment area. Additionally, low level release valves were occasionally used at the spillway so that cooler water could be released to Black Creek. The result was that the " loss" of cooler bottom waters increased the teeperatures in the intake area. 3.3 Dissolved Oxygen 3.3.1 Methods During 1978 dissolved oxygen concentrations were recorded on the surface and at 1 m (3.3 ft) intervals at each of the deepest stations along transects identified in Figure 3.2.1. Equipment us ed for all sampling was a Hydrolab TDO-2. Sampling and calibration of equipment followed written procedures established by the Cp6L Environmental Tech-nology Section. 3.3.2 Reruits and Discussion Dissolved oxygen data for the period April 1976 to December 1978 are included in Appendix F. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and stratification patterns were similar to three reported in previous years. Dissolved oxygen am concentrations followed seasonal patterns with generally uniform DO E concentrations from surface to bottom between mid-fall and mid-spring. Dissolved oxygen concentrations below 4 rg/l at or near the bottom of the deeper impoundment stations occurred during late spring, summer, and early fall, and temporary dissolved oxygen depletion occurred in summer at deeper stations. 3.3.3 Conclusions The dissolved oxygen patterns of the Robinson impoundment have followed consistent patterns between March 1973 and December 1978. As indicated in the prior 316 Demonstration Study, these patterns were s2 ilar to those reported for other man-made reservoirs. 3-10 g k
I 3.3.4 overview and Summary The upper impoundment of Robinson Impoundment was similar to a slow moving, shallow river or stream, as reficcted by dissolved oxygen concentrations. The middle impoundment was also somewhat dynamic, but in deeper areas during sut=:er months some dissolved oxygen stratification was noted. The lower impoundment is substantially deeper than other ureas of the impoundment, and dissolved oxygen stratification occurred during s.z:mer months at deeper stations. 3.4 Water Chemistry 3.4.1 Methods Water chemistry samples were collected monthly from January through December 1978, from the surface and bottom at three stations (A-2, E-3, and G) within the impoundment and from Black Creek stations above the impoundment (I, surf ace) and below the in.poundment (H and K, surface) (Figure 5.2.1). Samples were collecte 1 with a non-metallic Van Dorn sampler and transferred to labeled plastic containers, and kept in a cool area and in the dark until returned to the CP&L Analytical Chemistry Laboratory for analysis. Chemical analy'ses followed recognized methods (APRA, 1976; ASTM, 1976; EPA, 1974). No preservation other than refrigeration was used on samples for the nutrient analyses. I Data collected in 1978 were subjected to statistical analysis for comparisons between impoundment stations with Station I above the impoundment (Barr, et al. ,1976). Non-parametric tests were used for chemical parameters when a majority of the data were below the re-porting limit. Parametric tests were used for the remainder of the parameters. The significance level of 5% was used for all parameters tested. I 3-11
3.4.2 Results I Data collected since April 1976 are available in Appendix G. Chenical parameters which had much of the data above the reporting limit specified for that parameter were tested using paired t-tests. These paired t-tests were used to compare all stations and depths in and below the impoundment with the Black Creek Station I. Significant comparisons are shown in Table 3.4.1. Total calcium, iron, and sodium were significantly greater at all stations except G surface and bottom when compared to Station I. Total dissolved solids were higher at A-2 surface and bottom, E-2 surface, and H while sulfate was higher at E-3 surface and bottom and at H. Hardness at A-2 surface, total nitrogen at E-3 surface and total vo'latile solids at G surface were greater than at I. No comparison at G bottom and only one from G surface va significantly different from I. A non-parametric sign test was used for physiochemical para-meters that had a large number of data below the reporting limit in comparing impoundment stations with I (Table 3.4.2). Total alkalinity and total copper were significantly greater at A-2 surface and bottot.. and E-3 surface and bottom while at H on.ly total copper was greater. No other physiochemical parameter was significa: t. m 3.4.3 Discussion The statistical analysis of the 1978 water chemistry data was based on the concept that the inflow station on Black Creek (I) can be used as a baseline assessment for detecting changes due to the use of the Robinson impoundment as a cooling impoundment. The statistical tests detected no significant change for most of the physiochemical parameters investigated. However, significant changes were noted for Stations E-3, A-2, and H in some of the metals. Increases in concentration are evi-dent for total Ca, Fe, Na, and Cu at the lower impoundment outflow stations when compared to Station I. Concentrations of these metals, except possibly for Cu, are below federal water quality criteria or have no limit specified (EPA, 1976). 3-12 S.l
" Total copper may be the one paratteter that u.ay exceed water quality criteria for freshwater life (Fitzgerald, 1971, EPA, 1976). I It is very unlikely, however, that the total copper concentration is algastatic since only the free cupric ion is toxic to algae and { chelation by the high concentration of humic acids in the impoundment would minimize copper toxicity upon the algal population (Sunda and Guillard, 1976). Therefore, due to the natural chelating ability of the water in the impoundment, no adverse impact on algae is expected from the copper concentrations. The toxicity of ccpper to fit.h is dependent upon many factors, such as hardness, alkalinity, pl!, organic matt er, because these factors affect ion complexation and metal chelation (EPA, 1976). The high concentration of humic acids and other organic matter would minimize toxicity to fish through chelation, and no adverse effect is expected, i The other parameters that are significantly different between stations do not exceed water quality criteria and have little effect upon water quality or biota. Overall, concentrations of all the physio-chemical parameters are vitbin ranges reported for similar blackwater I type lakes. Low concentrations of metals, nutrients, alkalinity, and hardness are typical of such Iakes and of the drainage of coastal areas of this region. 3.4.4 Summary The water chemistry characteristics of the Robinson Impound-ment and Black Creek are typical of the drainage of the coastal area of the Carolinas. The high concentration of humic acids give the water its characteristic dark color and low pH with accompanying low alka-linity and hardness. These waters generally have been recognized to be low in nutrients and biological productivity (Wetzel, 1975). Operation of the Robinson Impoundment as a cooling reservoir had minimal impact upon physiochemical parameters studies in 1978. Only a few chettical cpecies are significantly higher in the lower 3-13
impoundment stations than at the inflow station on Black Creek. The chemical parameters that did increase should have litt.le adverse impact upon water quality or on the biota of the Robinson Impoundment due to the very low concentrations. I I I I I I I I E< I i I I I I I! . 3-14 -ll' \.
1 3.5 References AFMA. 1976. Standard Methcds for the Examination of Water and I Wastevater. 14th ed. Washington. 1,193 pp. American Public Health Association. 1976. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Part 31. Water. I ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philsdelphia. 956 pp. I Barr, A. J., J. H. Goodnicht, J. P. Sall and J. T. Helwig, 1976. A User's Guide to SAS. Sparks Press, Raleigh, N. C. 329 pp. I CP&L. 1976. Vol. II. H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant 316 Demonstration. 2 8 pp. EPA. 1974. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. I U.S. EPA. Washington. 298 pp. EPA. 1976. Quality Criteria for Water. U. S. Enviror.nental Protection Agency. EPA - 440/9-76-023. 256 pp. Fitzgerald, G. P. 1971. Al gicide s. Eutrophication information 1rogram literature review No. 2. The University of Wisconsin Water Resources Center, Madison, Wisconsin. Sunda, W. and R. F 1. Guillard. 1976. The relationship between I cupric ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton. Journal of Marine Research 34: 411-429. Wetzel, R. G. 1975. Limnology. Philadelphia. W. B. Saunders Co. 743 pp. I I I I I I I I, 3-15
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Table 3.2.3. Results of discharge water temperatures analysis of average daily means by Smirnov's non-parametric statistical test. Months Year 6 to 9 Comparison 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Combined 78-75 No Data Available for Test 78=75+ 78<75+ 78<75+ 78=75+ 78<75 78>75* 78>75 78<75 78-76 78<76 78<76 78<76 78<76 'f 8 =76 78>76 78=76 78>76 78>76 78>76 78>76 78>76 78>76 78-77 78=77 78<77 78<77 78<77 78<77 78>77 78<77* 78>77 78>77 78>77 78>77 78>77 78>77 77-75 No Data Available for Test 77-75 77>75* 77<75 77<75 77<75 77>75* 77>75 77<75 77-76 77<76 77<76 77=76 77>76 77>76 77>76 77>76* 77<76 7/<76 77<76 77>76 77>76 77<76 76-75 No Data Available for Test 76<75 76<75 76<75 76<75 76<75 76<75* 76<75 76<75
*Large proportion of data missing for one year which may or may not bias result.
~
Yearly 76 76 77,76 76 77 78,75 77 75 78,75 75 78 78 75 u, L, Ranks of 78,77 77 78 77 78,76 77,75 75 78 76 78 77 77 78 c) High to 78 78 76 78,76 76 77 76 75 75 76 Low 77 77 76 76 77 Temperatures
"<" indicates less than ">" indicates greater than "=" indicates equal to +
Estimates calculated from linear regression of weir data as a function of plant data vere inserted for those days in June through September 1975 for which no weir temperature data was available. M M_ . M M M M M M m m m m m m
M M M M M M M M M M' M M
- M Results of spillway water temperatures analysis of average daily means by Smirnov's non-parametric Table 3.2.4.
statistical test. Months 6 to 9 Year; 8 9 10 11 12 Combined 4 5 6 7 Cornparison 1 2 3 78>75 78<75 78>75 78>75 -- 78-75 No Data Available for Test 78>76 78>76* 78>76 78>76 78-76 78=76 78<76 78<76 78<76 78>76 78>76 78>76 78>76 78>76 78>77 78>77* 78>77 78>77 78-77 78>77 78<77 78<77 78<77 78=77* 78<77 78=77 78>77 78>77 77>75 77<75 77<75* 77>75 - 77-75 No Data Avail: ble for Test 77=76 77>76* 77>76 77>76 77<76 77<76 77=76 77>76 77/ 6* 77>76 77>76 77>76 77>76 7 77-76 76<75 76<75 76<75* 76<75 - 76-75 No Data Available for Test
*Large proportion of data missing for one year which may or may not bias result.
75 78 78 78 77 78,77 77 78.77 78 78 Yearly 78,76 76 77,76 77 77 78 75 77 77 g 78 76 76 78 76 Ranks of 77 77 77,76 77 75 76 4 78 78 76 76 75 76 H liigh to 76 76 Low , Temperatures
"<" indicates less than
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Table 3.2.5 H.B. Robinson littoral zone temperatures (*C): 1977 and 1978 Total Upper Middle Lower Impoundment Impoundment Impoundment Impoundment Comparative Dates Range Average Average Average Average 1977/1978 1977/1978 1977/1978 1977/1978 1977/1978 1977/1978 March 18/ March 14 14.6 to 26.4/ 19.5/11.9 14.9/12 24.7/12.2 19.7/11.1 9.5 to 14.5 April 5/ March 29 19.1 to 29.0/ 21.4/16.8 19.2/]5.9 26.0/17.9 21.9/16.8 12,5 to 20.0 April 20/ April 25 19.2 to 35.2/ 27.5/18.8 24.2/17.2 33.0/20.3 27.6/19.4 15.3 to 21.0 May 11/May 8 16.8 to 35.3/ 24.5/24.5 19.5/19.0 31.5/28.4 25.0/24.6 Y 18.4 to 30.6 U May 25/May 23 21.1 to 37.3/ 27.1/27.1 22.4/24.0 32.2/32.3 27.6/27.2 20.5 to 35.5 June 9/ June 5 21.5 to 38.2/ 28.2/29.3 25.1/25.5 35.1/35.7 28.5/29.4 23.5 to 38.0 E M_ EM_. m - ME m m m m m m m m m '
M ' W .M M' M M M M m M M M - Table 3.4.1 Faired t-test values for selected water chemistry parameters in comparing impoundment stations with inflow Station I. Significant difference with df=11, at + >2.201 at a=0.05* and + >3.106 at a=0.01.** A-2 Sur A-2 Bot E-3 Sur E-3 Pot G Sur G Bot JI Chloride 0.81 C.31 0.29 0.87 0.10 -0.09 -0.43 , Conductivity 1.72 0.80 1.66 1.46 -0.02 -1.90 2.15 l 11ardness 2.55* 0.67 0.91 1.74 1.06 0.11 1.22 1.50 0.59 4.21** 2.07 0.87 0.33 2.13 [ Totg1N
- TOC -1.45 -0.59 -1.54 -1.22 -0.41 0.27 0.06 i C0D -0.66 -0.63 0.79 -0.79 -0.72 -0.49 -1.10 l Dis. Silica -1.26 -1.25 2.45* -1.61 -0.76 -0.37 -1.67 Y Tot. Solids 0.15 -0.37 -0.41 -0.05 0.49 0.86 -1.28 U Tot. Vol. So11ds 2 0.38 -0.30 -0.64 -0.04 3.12* 1.50 -1.09 2 0.50 I Tot. Sus. Solids -1.01 -0.31 0.80 1.10 -1.26 -0.43 l Tot. Dis. Solids- 2.83* 2.65* 2.24* 1.15 1.88 1.37 2.88*
I Tot. Dis .45p So11ds 2 0.50 0.59 -0.20 -0.05 0.55 -0.11 0.10 Sulfate 1.68 J.71 2.48* 2.30* 0.41 -1.26 3.99** f Turbidity 0.89 1.20 1.03 1.90 0.19 1.17 1.21 Total A1 -1.60 -1.77 -1.48 1.10 -0.43 0.00 0.46 Total Ca 5.21** 4.57** 5.50** 5.57** 1.89 -1.39 5.43** Total Fe 2.20* 3.34** 2.23* 2.28* 2.00 -0.16 3.44** Total Mg 0.40 0.11 0.29 0.41 0.04 -1.92 1.06 Total Na 4.77** 3.76** 5.02** 4.52** 1.58 -1.12 5.15** 1 1 df=10, + >2.228 at a=0.05* df=9, + >2.262 at a=0.05* i l I l l l
/
1 l I I t I Table 3.4.2 Nonpartmetric sign test for selected chemical parameters in testing sigt.ificant dif ferences between irapoundment stations with inflow Station .. Significance level is 5%*, NS equals nonsignificant, + indicates higher than Station I. I A-2 Sur A-2 Bot E-3 Sur E-3 Bot G Sur G Bot H Tot. Alk. +* 4* +* +* NS NS NS s Arraonia-N NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Nitrate-N NS NS NS NS NS NS NS N_ . Tot. P. NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Tannins S Lig. NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Tot. Hg NS NS NS NS NS NS NS E Tot. Cu +* +* +* +* NS NS +* h I I I
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g I 3 _
95 I + g k + 1 I - I G
;;E e%
l '
. ~ / -:
;L/: 7 L. t .
+
Iir n e cs *f g P s_t' l s , y _, I- i
/ -3. ,_
a DiscHAcc,E CANAL s'_[_i f@
- I ~
ag H.B. '.2OBINf4M i
*I UWITs1&% i l6),1) &
- "' + DAM
_I o r-w __ - E : 2
-uus h Figurs 3.2.1 H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE >
l 1 AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN SAMPLING
' (r T
~
TRANSECTS AND STATIONS. w MM" I 3-25
I 5 A 3#0 Grid for monitorin thnrmal plumo at HB SEP 56 32 iser pic points located at conter of grid squarcs) 2G 25 Big Beaver is 87 Dam Creek IG l$ 6 I I \- E dischargo canal
/ e z
l 8 l
\
i
\ ---
----_----_____..______,_a,,,,,,, g Figure 3.2.2 H.B. ROBINSON DISCHARGE AREA WATER TEMPERATURE AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN SAMPLING STATIONS.
., /
l 3-26
~
'*g i, Y
n I JANUARY 30, 1978 DISCHARGE TEMP. - 7.500 (45.50F) I to 40 60 o l 80
+ #* +
g GTAT , p UNITS 1& 2
)%, -
OtSCHARGE. I
^
80, 0-s
._ 6Y %
- DIS;HARGE -
CANAL .)._ I l m ; 4 I ' H. B. ROBINSON s ,, UNITS 1 & 2 .
- n -
; . O I, I*I *
.w ,- D AM MLLES 4 M'W Figure 3.2.3 H. B. ROBINSON 20C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: JANUARY 30,1978.
-I 3-27
3 1 3
! \ s1 8 ;/ g TRANSECT E g 3.0 f
[ 3 2 1 g _8 0 ,
!Iu 3# N h
/ JANUARY 30,1978 TR ANSECT O E \ N DISCHARGE TEMP. = 7.50C (45.50F) 2 I
1 3 N / 2 E 3.0 N /' TR ANSECT C 2 E \ / k 6.0
* \s ,
( ,
/
9.0 3 I 2 1 I l
\ / l 33.0 t /
TRANSECT g Ba \ h- / l-E" o
\
\ /
0 soa 3000 _. . -- --i isoo E
\ [ SCALE IN FEET I
wr 3 2 1
/ I
\
" N --
/ g 3,
\ N ~
/
TR ANSECT A 5 cc
!* \ /
,, N / l N,/ g FiguN$.2.4 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (EAST TO WESTb JANUARY 30.197R.
_ _ , gl 3 a
~M M M M g g g g g g E E E
@ 8 @. O @ @ @
0 ' 80 0 6-3.0 4 80
$ \
80 2 - 6.0 .N u I O 9.0 JANUARY 30,1978 \ l DISCHARGE TEMP. = 7.50C (45.50 F)
\ N 1
12.0 Figure 3.2.5 H. B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (NORTH TO SOUTH): JANUARY 30.1978.
%- R s
l I I, S> g:
.. 7o N '
FEBRtaARY 14, 1978 , DISCHARGE TEMP, = C g sTM6 co# UNITS 1 & 2 3 DISCHARG E g
^
. r l /
j g
.g a
DISCHARGE ; E CANAL g ! H. t3. ROBINSON
}y Y g n
UNITS 1 & 2 . DAM v4E5
.s>ho
+ I
$'M
+
Figure 3.2.6 H. B. ROBINSON 20C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: FEBRUARY 14, 1978. 3-30
1 3 3 s TR ANSECT E 3.0 f - 3 2 1 FEBRUARY 14,1978 DISCHARGE TEMP. = 90 0 0 (48.2 F) { [ TRANSECT D (
!o 60 N/ y 2 1 I
3
"\ K /
2 N N f 70 TR ANSECT C 1 j
- I 1 E s.O
/
5
\ % _1 9.0 ,
3 2 i I "\ / G 3.0
\ /
I VRANSECT B g a \ / 1 r I o I
\ /
/ 0 v _-
500 1000 1500
\ f SCALE IN FEET I "
x/
= ' '
I O y f I " \ / e X x / N_ / I TRANSECT 5 e.0 A $ \ ' i \ / I 5
,., N /
N v
/
12.0 Figure' 3.2.7 H. B. ROBINSON 20C VERTIC'AL ISOTHERMS (EAST TO WEST): FEBRUARY 14, 1978. I. 3-31
3.0
, g '
N 5 r w d Y b \ u x u V-8 G. w N 9.0 FEBliUARY 14.1978 DISCHARGE TEMP.a 9.00C , 1 48.20F) , 12.0 \ Figure 3.2.8 H. B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (NORTH TO SOUTH): FEBRUARY 14,1978. IM M M M M M M M M M M M M M, M M M M M
/
i s, o . 5 -
-ece ,e.1m DISCHARGE TEMP. 0 13.200 (55.80F)
C" I - .
- 5 x
3 ' ,# /f
.see ,,
3 e ~ ,1 s , s 2
-CHuc, I (\ ,;
~ 1ao
~
3 DISCHARGE [ )
^"^ , ..
I (h ,[ ' l s. a. Roei~ Son '" UNITS 1 & 2 N .[ ,,
/
I tm g, g o a , 2 g _ . 4 *LA
- Figure 3.2.9 H. B. ROBINSON 20C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: MARCH 15,1978.
3-33
' ~
- 0 -
[ 13 0 TRANSECT E
%(
I j {34 s 3 2 1 13u MARCH 15,1978 C 3.0 / DISCHARGE TEMP. = 13.2 C TRANSECT D E \ / (55.80 F)
!u s.o N u
/
3 2 1 N '
/ I u \ /
TR ANSECT C E s" \ --- / I
\
5" s Nx 110 N/ / I 9.0 , 3 2 1 110 L /
~
G 3.0
/
T AANSECT B g 5 g
\
/ l
[en / , ,,, 3gn, 33ao o \ - _ _ - E
\ ) SCALE IN FEET we 3 3 2 1
$10 N /
m N / I i / VRANSECT A 2 6D N g V / s.c N / 12.0 Figure 3.2.10 H. B. ROBINSON 2d VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (EAST TO WEST):
^'
MARCH 15,1978. E wu E
a g g g g ,
'M M. m -m a e O @ @ @
@ @@ _s 0 "
130
/
3.0 110 a . g W
/
6.0 Y w
\
Q 9.0 N MARCH 15.1978 0 l DISCHARGE TEMP. = 1120C
'55.8 F)
, \
12.0 Figure 3.2.11 H. B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (NORTH TO SOUTH): MARCH 15,1978.
, I k s Op h
ei ll S 5
/ I
\
E J 190 APRIL 24,1978 3 t::= DISCHARGE TEMP. = 20.80C (69.40F) gi
~ . ,
}- , ll s' r l' GTd6 , UNITS 1 & 2 DISCHARGE y,
e > :. g l - . , DISCHARGE CANAL ,
, . ~ -
H. B. ROBINSON
/ p I
g UNITS 1 & 2 - E
\ u
*' -DAM .
ec.At.e t Figure 3.2.12 H.B. ROBINSON 20 C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: APRIL 24,1978. 3-36 E' as
3 'A I ! N '
/
-- f TR ANSECT E 1 ~
3.0 ._ g Q 3 2 i I "x / 19* RANSECT D ( [_ I
!0 6.0 N/ y I 2 1 3
\ i
/
3.0
\ s N ~1 9*
R ANSECT C 1 b \ --- j 80 6
\ /
9.0 3 2 1 APRIL 24,1978 0
\ i 190 _./ Ot3 CHARGE TEMP.= 218 C I / (69.40F)
I
\ t TR ANSECT B g
! \i /
I i" e x / e n _-
- 1-y
\ -. ,
SCALE IN FEET 3 2 y 1 "N w I " N N / m N N / I TR ANSECT A $ 60 a N N/ g 5 \ / g~0 . I N/ y i Figure 3.'b3 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (EAST TO WEST): I APRIL 24,1978. L17
o
@ @@ O @ @ @
~T w 3.0
/
17*C -
?CJ b
W o.o \
,'Y os O
\
9.0 APRIL 24,1978 0 DISCHARGE TEMP. = 20.8 C (69.40F) 12.0 N_ Figure 3.2.14 H. B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTH"1.4S (NORTH TO SOUTH): APRIL 24,1978. E E. E E E E M EEE W W W g g g g g - g g g
c-I - o% I 240
]
0
" 26 I .,
280 3 go MAY 23,1978 Cl5 CHARGE TEMP.= 34.00C (93.20F) I - r
. j, 34 D
- - 32*
syg6 99 9 %Q UNITS 1 & 2 I OlSCHARGE
/ '304 I I ;*
[ f DISCHARGE , CANAL # B e-(' ' I o H. B. ROSiNSON L.' NITS 1 & 2 I[ L -- En21 g
# 2 u,, \
,<A EM2 -
t Figure 32.15 H.B. ROBINSON 2 0C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: MAY 23,1978. E 3-39
3 -, t ' k 34 37o
- / E ;
E TRANSECT E = 3D
# 260 [. '
I 240~ 3 2 3 O 7 ; 300 _/
\ -
l 3.0 TR ANSECT 0 N 6.c i i g 3 2 9 0 280 I, p m 5 30 N - f TRANSECT C
\ l 7 6.0
\ t f g
\ 220 f g l a 4
\ y
\
J 9.0 E 3 2 1 T W 280 /
\ /
MAY 23,1978 l
- 10 \ / DISCHARGE TEMP. a 34,0*C (93,20F)
TR AWSECT B g - 74o i j l m 5 sD -
\
a \\ 2r -
/ 9 a
SCALE IN FEET 9.0 ( ; 1 1 l l 3 2 1 0 N / L ,, N /
/ l y
\N 260 w /
$ 240 l TR ANSECT A g 84
' W 5
b
\ _,
9.0
~
12 2 l'i Figure 3.2.16 H.B. ROBINSDN 20C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (EAST TO WEST): MAY 23,1978. g 3-40 =,
ansam-i
@ @@ O @ @ @
/
0 7 320
#N 280
_ y --
~
~ -
l 3.0 f
- ! m \ %. _26 0
g ' 240 a 1 0*O b \
~
I- to w -
~ O 9.0 N -
MAY .23,1978 0 DISCHARGE TEMP.
- 34.0 C
,93.20 F) 12.0 Figurs 3.2.17 H. B. ROC!NSON0 2 C'/6RTICAL ISOTHERMS (NORTH TO SOUTH):
f MAY 23,1978. l
T
< I d 6 g
kA. I Q , x I' s I' d ' b:* JUNE 27,1978 DISCHARGE TEMP. = 38.00C
@ (100.40F) 340 Il 38 6 - g 3p Y l 7
9 ,. ss* GTM6 y> UNITS 1 & 2 DISCHARGE
< 320
[ B l l - DISCHARGE s CANAL , i' I N 300 , H. S. ROBINSON UNITS 1 & 2
\ '
,- D AM ,
o 4 i 2 "
- w.Es 3,
'% P . ,
g'l Figure 32.18 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: JUNE 27,1978. 3-42 , l
i 3 3
/
, b m.-
- ~
i .go] f l TRANSECT E 1 3 ,o y 3.0 f o 3 2 1 l w /
! A sr /
RANSECT D I !o s.o T7 y I \ 3 2 1
/
I m N\ _/
/'
h '
! 300 l
' ~~"
TR ANSECT C 5 I i" \ / s yy / E 9.0
' 'I '(
3 2 1 I O( Y i ' i
/
/
JUN E 27,1978
\ [ DISCP.ARGE TEMP, = 38,00C I
(100,4 F) g 3,o TRANSECT B g
! \ / .l 55" E
y s N / a i- _ s= som im I a \.\ wy f SCALE IN FEET 3 2 1 N / B " N / - N / I m TR ANSECT A i en N / b 280 9.0 - I 12 4 I
,r I Figure 32.19 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS { EAST TO WEST):
JUNE 27,1978.
a e e e
)
m H T U @ O S f O T m _~ H T R m
/ O N
( S M R E m
/ ,A H
T O S I L A W T
\ C I
T R E V C m 8 F \ ) 0 N 2 m F C0 O 8 . B N w\ 0 04 S7 N91
- 00 8
I B B 30 , O72 _ P. R
.E 9/-
M BN E
.U m
=- 8T 7 E 9
1G 7
,R A
HJ 0 2 2 E H NS C 2 3 e m UI r JD u ig F m 0 0 0 0
' 6 9 2 1
_!3 x J t s m m m Yd M I
~
E e . f i
/
J I 2C' 80 I . o g D JULY 17,1978 DISCHARGE TEMP. = 37.50C (99.50f 1 34 [ c GTA16 , UNITS 1 & 2 OlSCH. RGE f I @ j j
,s
\
DISCHARGE CANAL M l H. B, ROBINSON UNITS 1 & 2
)S e DAM egg Figure 3.2.21 H.B. ROBINSON 20 C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: JULY 17,1978.
3-45
' 2 0g "
g - M, y \ '# - 28* TR ANSECT E g # - { 3.0 g E 3 2 i 0 30V_ J
,\ t 329 1
! I 3.0
.\ X go j TRANSECT D 3 / "'
{ 5 6.0 - E 3 2 , 300b/ / o\ .
./ e t;
53.0 28*
/
\ no TR ANSECT C $
\ /
!" .n \ / g
\ \ J
/
} }
9.0 E 3 7 1 o\ / D SCHAR E TEMP.= 37.40C I g24
! E TR ANSECT B j .o
\ \ /
- 7 L___3 'm e g
\z -
7 SCALE IN FEET E 3 2 1 g
\ 300 _-
,/ E 3.0 g N N/ a 5
TRANSECT A g so
\ '
w ~ / g [ \ I 4
,, N \ /
N /
~
I FihM3.2.22 !I.B. ROBINSON 2"C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (EAST TO WEST): JULY 17,1978. 5
g g g g _ _ I
\ :
W '0
)
H 3
\ T U
O
@ S W O T
H T R E O
~ N
( S M R E n E H E @
- N T O
S I A L C I T R w E V E @n#^ 8w -
\
)
C 2 N8
.^ g CF O7 0 0 S9
_ 5. 5 N1 7 9 I , 3 (9 B7
@ uw
- O1 7
P. RY .L M
- E B. U
~ 8T HJ 7
9 E 3
- 1G 7
,R -
7 1 A 7 H 3 Y L S C e r UI u JD g i F o 0 0 0
- o. 9 J.
3 s 1 g5W1; w b
I C
*c,
~
,i r
I' j I 330 AUGUST 14,1978 o DISCHARGE TEMP = 41,30C g g (106,30 F) g 370 39c
.9 "'@
sTM6 UNITS 1 & 2 DISCHARGE , (@) . E
/
DISCHARGE 3 CANAL #
)
7 I: H. B. ROBINSON UNITS 1 & 2 .I 33 [ / . tbt
- w AM dwas If ", 5 Figure 3224 H.B. ROBINSON 2 0C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: AUGUST 14,1978. ,
3-48 I.f
1 3 7 h hl 4I J 390 ' Y- ,a ~N TQANSECT E 1 3o -
"~ _
g-3.0 y~ ' 330 I 0 3 2 i I O 37a _A-- j N I
\j m 350 /
h ._I o
' 33
# 3.0 N 3I RANSECT D $ \ no _
!o 6.0 N/ m 2 1 3
I N\ / I 330 [
\
TR ANSECT C E x 33o _j 6.0 8
\ \ /
/
9.0 . 3 2 1 I (
\
l 33* f
]
AUGUST 14,1978
\ DISCHARGE TEMP. = 41.30C (106.30 F)
I g J.0 VRANSECT B a \ / e - / I t g
'# \
\ j
/ 0 500 1000
-- a 1500 SCA'.E IN FEET 9.0 2 1 3
0
\ ~
/
I " N /
, N L/
I TR ANSECT A 5 cm N
,/
/
i \ I E
,, N 7 g N/
Figure 3$25 H.B. ROBlNSON 2 C VERTICAL ISO TlERMS (EAST TO WEST): { I AUGUST 14,1978. 3-49 l
(. I I I I l
/
eN 1
!, i
\ e
\
1
' / iE I 1
s" e E I
\ w" $
y l a R o h 5 e 'N\\// v/ I"e I OW a o yv/ f l
/ .=
SI ne si O$ Wp I b m h. dO g N I E it i fy g 5 N 88 40 e g
~
I a s (38313W) Hid 30 I I 3-30 g!
I
~
I d %
,t -
I % I I J I t' 70 ggW I 31o g 370 ' 5 SEPTEMBER 14,1978 DISCHARGE TEMP, = 41.40C (106.50 f) I 350 370 I #o @ GTAib s UNITS 1 & 2 DISCH ARGE g /%
@ J g ' (/
310 DISCHARGE A CANAL , y I / n I H. B. ROBINSON UNITS 1 & 2 g h.
^
,4 , 3 w Es Figure 3.2.27 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: SEPTEMBER 14,1978.
3-51
2 1 3 350 / , TRANSECT E E di ', 3D y ( E 3 2 1
\1
\
32 'l " / I
/
l TRANSECT D \ 29
!o 6.0 y
3 2 1
~
\
31 M
/ / I' g l /
TRANSECT C 2
!" \
/ Il a
- s. sD
/ i 5
\l\ -
M 11 ' 9,0 , 3 ' o\ SEPTEMBER 14,1978 DISCHARGE TEMP. = 41.40C G 3.0
\ / (106.50 F)
( TRANSECT B
! \ / El b* \ / o too 1000 1500 8 E \ / - - -
l!
\ SCALE IN FEET N/ I 3 3 '
o
" N / g a \ /
! N #
/
TO ANSECT A 5 6D
! \ /
E
,D \ / I N /. y 12D Figure 3.228 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (EAST TO WEST):
SEPTEMBER 14,1978. 3-52 k.
== == = = = = = = = = um em em em - == == -
@ O@ @ @ @ @
xy / Np 3.0 b 6.0 F T e y U h i N 9.0 SEPTEMBER 14,1978 0 DISCHARGE TEMP. = 41.6 C (106.50F) 12.0 N Figure 3.2.29 H. B. ROBINSON 20C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (NORTH TO SOUTH): SEPTEMBER 14,1978.
1
, 5l 9
1 E ' l 20 e OCTOBER 9,1978 DISCHARGE TEMP. = 32.00C l 24, 9 l
; (89.60 F) E l 260 (s, 280 S
f pso e '% _ \ e, TAN )? UNITS 1 & 2 DISCHARGE
\
y t
;)
# 24"
/ 5
{. DISCH ARGE 's CANAL #Ig / V I L e ' I H. B. ROBINSON UNITS 1 & 2 j O / vus Figure 3.2.30 H.B. ROBINSON 20 C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: OCTOBER 9,1978. 3-54
1 3 We 3 3;V 7 -I ! N .e 4 28", TH ANSECT E 5 24L_? I l 3.0 , t lI . O N 3 A0 2 1
/
3.0 RAMSECT D ( [
$ 6.0 1
3 2 1 0
\ /
I ,, \ l 7 TR ANSECT C 6D 8
\ /
I 9.0 i I 3 2 i o OCTOBER 9,1978 DISCHARGE 1 E:AP. = 32.00C (89.60F) I g an
! \ /
I TRANSECT B w
; - \ /
m_ y a \ / __g
,,o \ ;! SCALE IN FEET xg 3 2 1 o\ /
I 3, N
,ev
/
g a N TR ANSECT A $ 6a g i N / en I N y
/
I FiguN 3.L31 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAt. lSOTHERMS (EAST TO WEST); OCTOBER 9,1978.
- - . - ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I I I
/
/
/ =
6 I s I s
/ is I s
I O B I s- 5 I @ / $ gx \ / ;pe I g . I avli ' a es a
= I Em N i
a : a (Sd313W) Hid 30 I I I 3-se
., n,!
I ~ I d (c h I 4 I J I 210-( NOVEMBER 6,1978 g DISCHARGE TEMP. = 29,00C 2F t (84.20F) I 250^ 70 D g p# 250 9 \\ 6 FAY cc: UNITS 1 & 2 OlSCHARGE I \
\@ / -
I ) OtSCHARGE CANAL , 230 I \ i c. I H. B, ROBINSON UNITS 1 & 2 I o 8 s 2 zus t
- DAM w t.e C Figure 3.2.33 H.B. ROBINSON 20C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: NOVEMBER 6,1978.
3-57
N 3 8 no 4 - TR ANSECT E 3.0 A y w O 3 ? 1 p- - 3 .0 TR ANSECT D k (
! N/
Q 6.0 y 2 1 I 3 l 0 C 23v #'
\ ^
/
2 E 3.0 \ / TR ANSECT C E E N / a" \ / s' \ \ 1
/ I 9.0 ,
3 2 t 0 NOVEMBER 6,1978 l
\ 210 j DISCHARGE TEMP.= 29.0 C 0
(84.20F) 3 a 3.0 VRANSECT B a P- / g so '" \ / t--
~_
1-
. g
" \ f SCALE IN FEET iV I, 3 2 '
0
" N / I g \ < /
E TR ANSECT A M 64 N Y i N / s.o N y
/ !
12D Figure 3.2.34 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISQTHERMS (EAST TO WEST): NOVEMBER 6,1978. 3-58 El: 85
i1l1 M M M M N ) M H T U s O S M @ O T H T R M O N N ( S M M R E H T O S M _
, I L
A C I T M R E V
@ r1
.,s C8 7
M \ 2 9 N1
@ " )
O S 6 C 0 F NRE M 3 0
- 0. 42 I
BB
' 9 2( 8 OM RE
@ 8 .
7P
=
B.V M _ 9M .O 1 E HN 6,T 5 RE EG BR 3 2 M MA EH 3 e VCS r ug OI ND i F M :
. 0 0 0 0 3 6 9 2 M 1 a5taz i
o M M m $e
; l l l( ll
I d b, t f I I s x J I 160 DECEMDER 0,1978 DISCHARGE TEMP. = 27.50C I8 (81,50F)
%s 20 2 240 9
oTA16 UNITS 1 & 2 sq DISCHARGE 2*
/
g , O DISCHARGE ' h CANAL # II H. B ROBINSON UNITS 1 & 2 g a-DAM o_7:___ 8 2 g Y 6 Figure 3.2.36 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C SURFACE ISOTHERMS: DECEMBER 6,1978. b60
3 7 ' 2 74I TRANSECT E 30 2 % 1so ~ I / 5 3 2 1 i N_ -
/
TMNSECT D o 6.0 N/ m 3 2 1
\
\ /r I a TRANSECT C &
\ /
a N / h' \ 180 [
\ ie' 9.0 3 7 1 DECEMBER 6,1978
\\ f DISCHARGE TEMP. = 27.50C (81.50F)
I TRANSECT B g g \M l 180 I
/
l 2" a x f e m _- r SCALE IN FEET 9.0 - 3 7 1 N / I 3.0 N / E N N I lt ANSECT T 2 64 A! N 9 /. N N / I i " \ \ / l N 7 ~ Figure 3Y.37 H.B. ROBINSON 2 C VERTICAL ISOTHERMS (EAST TO WEST): DECEMBER 6,1978. 3-61
ll)l, l
\ N
)
H @ T U O S @ O T H T R 0 8 1 O N (
/ N S M
@ R E H T O
~
S I L - 0 A C k I 0 2 0 8 1 T R E V C . @ L 8 2 2 s s6 \
"2 N1 O
7 9 @ ) S G NRE . 4 2
'1 C0 0 5 5
7 2 8 F 1 ( I BB OM RE @ B C
- =
E
" 3 7 P 9M HD 1E 6 .T 8
_ E 3 RG E B R MH E CC A 2 3 er EI S u g DD i F 0 0 0 0 0 3 y 6 9 2 1 2~ ! I~ . l1 {llIllll
!I - ,I
/{ %Q k-I vt S
I . I ; e I I s e F l \
$$U GTAig C#
\ ~
DISCHARGE UNITS 1 & 7 I CANALWEIR DISCHARGE ii
@ J /
I )
/ WEST TOWER I DISCHARGE CANAL l
I H. B. ROBINSON UNITS 1 & 2
} t I o y; , 3 usES
\
-DAM SPILLWAY Firure 3.2.39 H.B. ROBINSON CONTINUOUS >Wr RECORDER LOCATIONS. [,f;u
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l I l 4.0 Fishe W e 4.1 Introduction I Since the completion of the 316 Dcmonstration Biological l Study f or the 11. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant (CP&L, 1976), fisheries sampling has continued fu a series of special studies and monitoring requirements. Cear employed has, in some cases, been modi-fied and improved; and sampling frequency has been adjusted to meet the requirement of continually evaluating the 11. B. Robinson Impoundment I fish population. Sampling locations also have been modified through the period, as questions about some areas have been resolved and other questions asked. The Initial long-term fisheries study plan for Robinson Impoundment called for an intensive study program for each 316 Decca-stration renewal application. and a level of study effort between renewal programs sufficient'to detect any appreciable population changes. The study program accepted by the South Carolina Department I of llealth and Environmental Contrcl (SCDilEC) for 1978 was the intensive study program considered necesssry to collect data sufficient for preparation of this 316 renewal application. This section of the report addresses fish populations in Robinson Impoundment from 1976-1978. An attempt hat been made to describe the populations for these years, examine changes among years, and compare the existing fish population to that reported in the original 316 demonstration (1974-1975 data). I Fish Distributions in Robinson Impoundment 4.2 4.2.1 Introduction I As in the 1976 report, attempts were made to determine the species of fish present in the impoundment and examine variations in I 4-1
Comparisons of numbers and I numbers and species among locations. species of fishes in the 1976-1978 period to those reported in previous studies were also made. 4.2.2 Methods and Materials Methods employed during the 1976-1978 study period were similar to those reported in the previous study (CP6L, 1976). Sampling was conducted using gill nets, a 50-ft. bag seine, and electrofishing. Specif1 cations and procedures for these sampling gears were presented in the 1976 report, except that pulsed DC was used in electrofishing during 1977 and 1978. Stations sampled includr* Stations 1 and 3 on Transects A, E, and G, with Transect F added dun ng 1978 (Figure 4.2.1). Species, numbers, lengths, and weights were recorded for all fish collected. Sex and maturity were recorded when possible. Larger fish which were in good condition were tagged with Floy anchor tags and released. Catch rates have 'been adjusted to numbers and weights per N 24-hour set for gill nets, to number per haul for seine catches, and number per hour for electrofishing. 4.2.3 R2sults and Discussion Species Composition The list of fish spe.cies collected in the 1976-1978 sampling period exhibited little change from the list collected in 1974 and 1975 (Table 4. 2.1) . Additions to the 1 nit 11 species list inclur'ed American cel, ironcolor shiner, brown bullhead, tadpole madtom, redear sunfish and tesse11ated darter. Of these, American eel, tadpole madtom, and tessella*.ed darter were collected in Black Creek during the 1974 and . 1975 period and were presumed to be present in the impoundment. Redear sunfish have previously been reported for the drainage (Olmsted and Cloutman, 1978) and probably moved down Black Creek from the Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge where they have been etocked. Ironcolor 4-2 , l El
=
shiner and brown bullhead are common in the area and their presence in the Robinson Impoundment is not surprising. The only fish species j - collected in the 1974-1975 period which was absent in the 1976-1978 sampling period was flier. Flier was taken only in extremely small numbers in 1974-1975 and its absence was not unexpected. White catfish generally appeared to be decreasing in the impoundment population. Small numbers of white catfish were collected from the plant intake screens during 1976, 1977 and 1978, but were not taken at other impoundment locations during this period except in 1977. Gillnetting The gill net catch per 24 hours taken in 1976 and 1977 is presented in Table 4.2.2 and in 1978 is presented in Table 4.2.3. During all three years (1976-1978), catches on Transect G were generally larger and more diverse than on any of the other transects. Catch rates in 1978 were similar to those observed in 1974 and 1975, although catches in I 1976 and 1977 were somewhat reduced. This greater catch rate (compared to other transects) and diversity at Transect G which have been con-sistently observed are probably duc to the "better" fisheries habitat in the upper impoundment area. This area is characterized by floating and submerged logs, stumps, and aquatic vegetation and contains relatively large populations of benthic invertebrates (Section 6) which serve as fish food. Reduced catch rates during the summer at Transect G may have - been influenced by turtle predation on fishes caught in the nets. Transect F was sampled only during 1978, and catch rates were similar in species composition to Transect E. Abundance at Transect F was greatest during fall and winter. Catch rates at Transect E were small and variable during 1976 and 1977, with spotted suckers, bluegill, and yellow bullhead occurring most frequently at Station E-1 and chain pickerel, spotted sucker, bluegill and yellow bullhead occurring most frequently at Station E-3. I 4-3
Winter and spring,1978, catches were larger at Station E-1 than during l j the previous two years, while summer catches were similar in all three years. Winter and spring catches at Station E-3 during 1978 were similar to 1977 catches and larger than 1976 catches. No fish were taken in gill nets during the 1978 summer quarterly sampling at Station E-3 as compared to 1.2 fish per 24 hours in 1975, 1.1 fish in 1976, and 2.4 fish in 1977. W Gill-net catches were small at Transect A during 1976. During 1977, they increased sumewhat, with chain pickerel and bluegill occurring most frequently at Station A-1 and yellow ou11 heads occurring most frequently at Station A-3. In 1978, Transect A gill nets caught chain pickerel, t uespotted sunfish, bluegill, and largemouth bass, with e F catch rates similar to those in 1977. Catches were greater at Station % A-1 than at Station A-3, where no fish were collected during the spring g of 1976 and 1978, the summer of 1975, 1976, and 1978, or the fall 5 sampling in 1978. l Seine The diversity of fishes taken by seining in Robinson Impound-I ment during the 1976-1978 period was greater at Transect G than at apy other trat. sect with 16 species collected (Tables 4.2.4 end 4.2.5). . Bluegill, bluespotted sunfish, and dollar sunfish were generally the un _ most abundant. At Station G-1, spring catched were larger than during other quarters sampled during all three years. Station'G-3 catches were largest during the summer in 19.76 and 1977 and largest during the spring in 1978. This diversity and-abundance reflect the usage of the vegetated shoreline characteristic of the upper itr.poundment, particularly by smaller fishes. Seine sampling at Transect F was initiated during 1978. Catches were more diverse than from the lower-impoundment localities, and bluegill was the most abundant species. Dollar sunfish, largemouth i n.!
i bass, blackbanded sunfish, bluespotted sunfish, warmouth, pirate g 3 perch, swamp darter, and lined topainnow also were collected. l Seine collections were very small at Stations A-1, A-3, l and E-1 during the 1976-1978 period, with bluegill, chain picker l mosquitofish, swamp darter, and hybrid sunfish the only species taken. One exception was the collection of 176 bluegi]' 'e - rt-spring of 1978 at Station A-1. No fish were collected in the three-year period from Station E-3. The bo*t" which reduced seining efficiency (many " hangs" and - d drop-offs) and the habitat at these four stations s . cover) probably were the major factors affecting ca i Analysis of variance performed on total ei.a - 2 t Transects A, E, and G from 1976-1978 indicated sign' "> m t - existed among transects and cuarters. Testing usint > c' . K-Ratio T Test indicated catches at all transects were 4 e,- - different (P>.05). Catches'were largest at Transect C 1.. c e rmt .' at Transect A, and smallest at Transect E. Seasonally, spring catches were I largest and were significantly different from all quarters except summer. Summer catches were not significantly different from fall catches, but were significantly larger than winter catches. Fall catches were not significantly different from vinter catches. This relationship is shown below. l Connecting lines ludicate no significant Mean differences (P>.05) Spring 30.22 - Summer 17.94 l , Fall 5.27 Winter 1.77 In examining data from 1978 including Transect F, the same patterns were evident with the mean catch at Transect F less than at Transect G, but greater than at Transects A and E (if the large g m collection during the spring at A-1 is not considered). However, there was no significant dif f erence between the seine catches at Transect F and Transect A in the analysis. 4-5
Electroffshing E Quarter.l.y electrofishing total catch data collected from 1976-1978 and monthly catch data from 1978 were evaluated by analysis of varia'ce n performed on a log transformation of catch per hour. The model . used, which included transect, station, quarter (or month), and year, indicated a wide range of interactions between difftzent combinations of the variables and significant differences among transects and quarters (months in 1978). Considering actual catch per hour of electrofishing (Tables 4.2.6 and 4.2.7), catches on Transect G were variable throughout the sampling period, but there was no apparent difference among the three f years. Diversity was greater than at any other transect sampled, and a number of species collected in abundance at G vere absent, or taken only infrequentl1, from the other impoundment areas. Variation in catches was probably due primarily to water level fluctuations and ' immediate electrofishing conditions rather than to population changes. 3 Species present in most samples included chain pickerel, creek chub-sucker, lake chubsucker, spotted sucker, pirate perch, blackbanded sunfish, bluespotted sunfish, warmouth, bluegill, dollar sunfish, and largemouth bass. The greater diversity and general consistency in catches probably result from the relatively good fisheries habitat in W the upper reaches of the impoundment. Transect F was sampled by electrofishing only' during 1978. g Catches generally decreased from vinter to summer, and diversity at E Station F-1 appeared depressed from June to September. While bluegill was the most abundant fish collected at Transect F, a number of other species were important in the catch, including chain pickerel, creek and lake chubsucke.rs, spotted suckers, bluespotted sunfish, warmouth, dollar sunfish and largemouth bass. The varied catch (species) and the change in catch ratcs through the year suggested a sinall ef fect of the heated discharge in the form of attracting fish during cooler months. The reduced diversity at F-1 during the summer was probably a 4-6 a
~,
result of the combined effects of reduced vegetation, inaccessibility of shorelines with the electrofishing boat, and increased temperature
, in the shallev flats which characterized much of the sample area.
I _ Transect E electrofishing catches were dominated by bluegill, but catches were generally smaller than from Transect A (the other transect where bluegill dominated catches) . Catches at Station E-1 were generally smaller than at Station E-3 during the fall and winter. Catches during the summer at Station E-3 were smaller than at E-1 during 1976 and 1977, and similar in 1978 with no fish collected during the summer of 1977. The large catches during the fall and winter resulted frem fish, particularly largemouth bass and bluegill, congre-gating in the heated discharge during the cooler months. The small catches during the summer reflect avoidance of the area during the warmer periods. Catches on Transect A were extremely variable througho r the 1976-1978 period, ranging f t'em 12 fish to 3,467 fish per hour, and were characterized by a dominance of small and/or intermediate sized bluegill. During the 1978 monthly sampling, numbers of fish collected on Transect A vere largest in March and were large again in May. Blue-gill catches during the summer and fall (1978) wes. smaller than were taken it 1976 and 1977, and the fish collected were larger. Varmouth were collected regularly on Transect A and numbers were largest during 1976. Largemouth bass also appeared to decrease in numbers at Transect
- A over the three-year period while bluespotted sunfish and sunfish hybrids increased. During 1976 and 1977, largemouth bass were collected i regularly while in 1978 they were collected only during one quarter.
Over all transects, numbers of bluegill increased and declined i seasonally as each successive year class entered the catchable fishery. l, The only exception to this pattern was seen in the fall of 1978 when small fish failed to enter the catch in appreciable numbers. During the fall of 1978, most individuals were in excess of 75 mm long, as opposed to large numbers of 40-70 mm bluegill collected during the l fall of previous years. I 4-7
In the dischara,e area, as observed in the prior 316 I I Demonstration, catches during all years exhibited summer decreases, and increases during the cooler months most pronounced during early spring. While remaining aware of the masking ef fect of interactions significant in the Analysis of Variance Procedure, a Waller-Duncan K-natio T Test was used to compare total catches among transects and quarters sampled. This overall analysis indicated significant differences among all transects, with Transect A having the largest catch rate, G being int < mediate, and E the smallest, and indicated catches during winter ::pring were largest and not significantly different. Catchei g and fall were intermediate and not significantly diffe .s during summer were significantly smaller than during th !. Plots made of the mean data to aid in evaluations , suggested the need to evaluate each quarter reparately. _ that catch data varied among years for the dif ferent quarter s, bi tt overall, Transect A exhibited the largest catch rate follo'edv by Transect G and Transect E. Signifi-cant differences among these transects varied among quarters although the ranked order of the means was consistent. Electrofishing catches of selected species were analyzed in the same manner as total catches. Bluegill was the overall most , abundant species taken by electrofishing, and the analysis of variance B-results closely resembled the results from total catch analysis with E significant quarter and transect differences and a wide' array of g interactions. The winter quarter exhibited the largest catch rate, E followed by spring and fall and smallest catches during summer. The data from each quarter were then examined far year and transect differences. Differences in catch rates among years varied during winter and spring, while no significant differences amang years were noted for summer or fall. During both winter and spring, there were significant differences in bluegill catches between transects with the catch at Transect A greater than at Transect E and the catch at Transect E greater than at Transect G. Summer bluegill catches were E highest at Transect A, intermediate at Transect G, and lowest at E 4-8 E N
I
- Transect E, with no significant difference between Transects A and C or between Transects G and E. During the fall quarter, the ranking of q
catches by transect was the same as February and May (A greater than E greater than G), however, differences between Transects E and G were not significant. I The initial analysis of quarterly largemouth bass electro-fishing catches indicated there were significant year-by-quarter and quarter-by-transect interactions. The overall quarterly analysis indi-cated catches were largest during f all followed by winter, summer, and spring. There were no significant dif f erences within groupings of f all, vinter, and rummer, and of winter, summer and spring. Plots of the data suggested that analysis by quartars was appropriate. In winter, there were f.ignificant dif f erences among transects with the catch largest and significantly dif f erent f rom the others at Transect E as largemouth bass were apparently attracted to the heated portion of the impoundment. Spring catches exhibited no significant differences among years, transects or stations. During summer, patches were significantly different among transects with the Transect G catch of largemouth bass significantly larger than catches at Transects A or E, as fisa apparently avoided the heated portion of the impoundment. In testing fall quarterly :atches of largemouth bat.s, there were no transect or station dif ferences but the catch during 1977 was largest and significantly dif f erent from the catches during 1976 and 1978. I The analysis of variance performed on sucker electrofishing g B catch data had a lower R value than for the other taxa considered indicating greater variation in the data. Some interactions were indicated and plots of the data indicated analysis should be performed by quarter and transect independently. In the analysis by quarter, catches were generally largest at Transect G, lower at Transect E, and lowest at Transect A. The strength of the dif f erences by transect varied by quarter. In the analysis by transect, catches at Transect E were larger in f all and winter than in spring and summer. Transect G catch rates in winter, summer, and fall were not signifi-cantly different and in summer, fall, and spring were not significantly i different. I 4-9
The analysis of warmouth electrofishing catches exhibited I significant dif ferences in the transect, quarter, and year variables along with a number of interactions. Analysis by quarters indicated 3 catches were greatest during spring and winter (and not significantly i dif f erent) . Also there was no significant difference among winter, fall, and summer catches. In the analysis of catch rates by transect, catches were largest at Transect G followed by Transect A, followed by Transect E. In addition to increasing electrofishing to monthly in 1978 I to better evaluate seasonal differences, sampling at Transect F was added to the program. As was done for the 1976-1978 quarterly catch data, analysis of variance was performed on the log transformation of catch per hour with Transect F data included in the procedure. Significant dif ferences were further evaluated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. W en interactions between variables in the analysis were indicated, the means were plotted and, if necessary, additional analysis performed. . The analysis performed on monthly total catch data indicated significant differences among transects and among months and in the transect-by-station and month-by-transect interactions. The plots of the mean catches indicates that catch rates were depressed at most stations during April, June and September. The same response at a wide ,[ range of sampling locations in 1978 suggests some factor affected l sampling efficiency (such as changes in water transparency) during those months. At Transect A, catches were generally larger than at most
~
other locations and exhibited a decline over the year. Catches were generally dominated by bluegill and the decline in total catch reflects a reduction (from other years) in young bluegill entering the suscep-tible oopulation (to collection) in late summer and f all. At Transect E, catches were generally larger at Station 3 than at Station 1. There were variations, however, with numbers depressed during August and E September. The rotenone sampling during late August may have influenced E the Station E-1 catch in September, but the reduction during August and I 4-10 E
=
I . at Station E-3 during September is most likt:1y a response of fish moving away from the heated discharge in later sum:rer. Catches at Transect G were generally more consistent than at the other transects and were I - usually larger than the catch at Tiensect F. Analysis of 1978 (monthly) bluegill catches exhibited inter-octions between months and sampling locations. The data were plotted and the plots generally exhibited a pattern similar to that seen in total catches. Variation, however, was greater. Monthly largemouth bass catch analysis also exhibited inter-actions. Plots of the data indicated catches were smaller and more I variable than bluegill catches. Largemouth bass were taken on only one date from Transect A, indicating the low numbers in the area. No bass were collected from the discharge area (Transect E) in June, July, August or September. Monthly sucker catches were also plotted since interactions were significant in the analysis. Few suckers were taken on Transect A during any period. At Tr.asect E, suckers were taken at Station 1 during the spring (January-April) with some regularity and at Station 3 during January and February. At Transect F, suckers were collected in spring and fall, and at G were taken with regularity throughout the year. I
-As with the other taxa, monthly warmouth catch data exhibited interactions within the analysis of variance. Catch rates were characterized by variations, but, in general, catches were larger at Transects F and G and were depressed at Transect E from July through
, December.
I Comparison of Gill Net, Seine and Electrofishing Data Collected _1976.-1978 to Data Collected in 1974 and 1975 Gill-net catches in the 1976-1978 period were similar to catches in 1974 and 1975 at most localities (CP&L, 1976). In general, l 4-11
catches were relatively small and variable during both periods; but at Transect G during 1976-1977, catches appeared smaller than during the earlier period. The catch at Station G during 1978 was similar to the catches taken in 1974 and 1975. Abundance at the transects sampled exhibited the same pattern seen in the 1974-1975 collections with numbers decreasing southward down the lake. 1974-1975 Seine catches were small and variable in both the period and the 1976-1978 period. In both periods, abundance and diversity were greatest at Tranrect C. Electrofishing data collected quarterly f rom 1976-1977 and monthly in 1978 indicated a pattern in abundance among transects similar One to that seen in the 1975 data for total catch and bluegill. exception, however, is that bluegill numbers taken in late 1978 were much below those collected in the other years. Few bluegill collected were thought to have been young of the year, suggesting very poor reproduction in 1978. Total catch, while generally similar, exhibited considerable variation among locations and sampling periods from 1974-1978. "armouth and largemouth bass catches at Transect A were larger during the 1974-1975 period. 4.3 Standing-Crop Estimates 6.3.1 Introduction The estimation of fish standing-crop in Robinson impoundment was continued in the 1976-1978 sampling period. These data allow us to make location and year comparisons which have incorporated the various g M factors affecting fish populations. As discussed in the previous , report (CP&L, 1976), this method reflects the inherent variability of changing physical and environmental conditions and of varying ef ficiency of sampling. I I g 4-12 h.
4.3.2 Methods and Materials I In general, the procedures discussed for cove rotenone sampling for the 1974-1975 study (CP&L, 1976) were followed in the 1977-1978 period. Samples were not collected in 1976, and one additional I sampling location (G-4) was included in 1977 and 1978. This additional location allowed us to sample another habitat type present in the impoundment; a heavily vegetated, shallow shoreline which sloped steeply to a deep creek channel. Other variations in the 1977-1978 samples were that additional block nets were used; not all fish were measured; scalm , gonads, and stomachs were not collected; and a third-day pickup was included at Station G-4 in 1978. The additirnal block nets used were much deeper (approximately 7 m) to insure closing of deep sections of I the coves and were 10 mm (3/8 in.) mesh. This mesh size may have allowed some small fish to escape, but we believe the use of deeper nets was an overall improvement. b' hen large numbers of similar sized fish of the same species were collected, 400 fish were measured (nearest mm) and the remainder counted and weighed. This procedure provides better length information than the length classes used in 1974 and 1975. Tish too small to weigh individually on field scales were grouped. A third-l day pickup was made at Station G-4, since the cooler water temperatures E
'**"'d*d '" d *"' " ""' "" *PP'* *"' " """b"' ' '**h '*""*""d "
W tt e bottom at the end of the second day. 4.3.3 Results and Discussion Standing-crop estimates in the four coves ranged from 42 Kg/Ha to 119.3 Kg/Ha in the 1977 and 1978 sampling periods (Tables 4.3.la and 4.3.lb) . There were appreciable differences in sampling years with total numbers at all locations exhibiting decreases from 1977 to 1978 l r'anging from 17% to 71% (Table 4.3.2). Total weights varied from 1977 to 1978, increasing in some localities and decreasing in others. I I l - 4-13 r l ?
Considering results from Station G-4, the abundance and I biomass of most species collected decreased from 1977 to 1978 (19 of 29 species decreased in numbers and 16 of 29 species decreased in weight). The total numbers collected decreased 35% while weight increased 26%, indicating a larger average weight of fish. Normal year-to-year variation in cove rotenone samples le expected, and g the changes o' served for most species were within the range of normal 5 variation. I' A similar pattern was evident at Station C-1 with changes observed for most species within the range of normal variation. Changes f rom 1977 to 1978 in major fish species at Station C-1 (Table ' 4.3.2) indicate numbers of bluegill, warmouth, and largemouth bass decreased 25%, 45%, and 48%, respectively. The weight of bluegill changed ?ittle (-3%), while the weight of warmouth increased 22%, and g the weight of largemouth bass increased 705A. Two other species a ' important in the Station G-1 samples changed appreciably (in numbers). Bluespotted sunfish increased .257%, while dollar sunfish decreased 66%. At Station E-1, numbers and weights collected were less in both years than at any other station, and values were lower in 1978 than in 1977. Only 4 taxa increased in numbers at Station E-1 from 1977 to 1978. All of these were taken in low numbers and 3 of the 4 were absent ' from the 1977 rotenone collection. Fish weight exhibited a similar 3 pattern, with all species decreasing from 1977 to 1978, except those E taken in 1978 which were absent in 1977. Bluegill, the dominant species in both years, decreased 69% in numbers and 31% in weight. Warmouth, the second most important species in terms of weight during both years decreased 84% and 85% in numbers and weight. Largemouth bass decreased 85% in numbers and 99% in weight at Station E-1. Numbers and weights of fish at Station A-1 were higher during both years than at Station E-1. Of 20 species collected in the two years, 3 increased in numbert. and 5 increased in weight from I 4-14 I
I i 1 i 1977 to 1978; the rest decreased. Bluegill decreased in numbers 68%, l while increasing in weight 22%. The increased average weight of blue- l gill from 4.3 g to 17.4 g represents the paucity of young-of-the-year I bluegill in the sample. Warmouth decreased 50% in numbers and 62% in i 1 weight. The second most abundant species at Station A-1 was bluespotted l sunfish which decreased from 4,761 to 2,846 per ha over the two years. The dominance of bluegill at this station and the change in numbers and sizes collected suggest strongly that a failure of young-of-the-year bluegill to enter the population in 1978 is a major factor in influencing overall changes in bluegill populations throughout the impoundment. Comparisons of Cove Rotenone Sampling Data Collected I in 1977 and 1978 to Data Collected in 1974 and 1975 Station G-4 was not sampled during 1974 or 1975, so comparisons will be limited to Stations G-1, E-1 and A-1. It must be noted that 1974-1975 values were considered underestimates (CP&L,1976) due to a variety of factors when makin), these comparisons. I Station G-1 estimates in 1977 and 1978 were considerably larger in both total numbers and total weights than were taken in 1974 and 1975. The grestest differences in numbers between the two sampling periods include the collection of approximately 1,900 more 11ned topminnows in 1977, approximately 4,000 more swamp darters in 1977 and 500 more in IS78, approximately 3,000 more warmouths in 1977 and 1.400 more in 1978, approximately 4,500 more bluespotted sunfish in 1978, and the collection in 1977 and 1978 of more bluegill than in 1975 but less than in 1974. I Overall at Station G-1,1977 recorded increases in 17 species (of 23) over 1974 and in 16 species (of 24) over 1975. In 1978, increases occurred in 11 species (of 20) over 1974 and in 11 species (of 22) over 1975. Considered alone, the results from the Station G-1 cove rotenone samples in 1977 and 1978 do not appear appreciably changed from the 1974 and 1975 periods; however, considering the decreases in major species at other localities, the 1977 to 1978 decreases in these species at G-1 become important and should be followed closely in future years. I 4-15
I Station E-1 abundance estimates decreased each year sampled from 1974 through 1978.. The most abundant fish species at Station E-1 in 1974 and 1975 were bluespottcd sunffsh, warmouth, bluegill and largemouth bass. Of these species, bluespotted sunfish decreased from 1974 to 1975, was similar in 1975 and 1977, and decreased from 1977 to 1978. Warmouth, bicegill and largemouth bass were most abundant in 1974 and decreased each year sampled through 1978. The sitilarity of weights of fish (total) in 1974, 1975 and 1977, while numbers decreased, indicates average sfze increased and the numbers of young 1 fish were decreasing. The .large drop in weights in 1978 reflects both a reduction of some of the larger forms previously taken (such j as pickerel and bu11 heads) and a loss to the fishery of some larger ) individuals (through natural mortality) of species which had been I decreasing in numbers end may not have been replaced through recruit- ] ment (such as warmouth and bluegill). Since bluegill was the dominant I species at Station E-1 during all years, the trend is most obvious when examining blucgill numbers and weights. At Station A-1, total catch was extremely variable among the four sample years in both numbers and weights. Greatest differences occurred in major species: bluespotted sunfish increased in the two periods from 2,298 and 1,144 per ha in 1974 and 1975 to 4,761 and 2,846 per ha in 1977 and 1978; warmouth decreased throughout the period, with a the greatest change occurring from 1,438/ha in 1974 to 213 in 1975 (160 g and 80 per ha were taken in 1977 and 1978); and bluegill increased from 1974 to 1975 (3,022 to 8,656), then declined in 1977 (5,339) and to the lowest level reached in 1978 (1,722). As at Station E-1, the decreases in numbers and similar or increasing weights for major species indicate g a lack of small fish entering the fishery, and considering species, e this appears most pronounced in the dominant species: bluegill. Additionally, the relative similarity in standing crop (weights), while numbers varied, points to a change in population structure rather than a change in carrying capacity. Over all locations, it appears that the cove rotenone data exhi. bit considerable variation, but there are consistent trends that 4-16 I I
l I strengthen'an evaluation of fish populations based on these data. It appears that while important fish in the impcundment population (large-I mouth bass, warmouth, bluegill) are reasonably abundant in the upper-impoundment area, some decreases were observed from 1977 to 1978. In the mid- and lower-impoundment areas, decreases in several major fish species over the 1974 to 1978 period are evident and the greatest change appears from 1977 to 1978. Also, most of this reduction appears to be a failure of young-of-the-year fish, primarily bluegill, to enter the fishery in 1978. I 4.4 Growth Studies and Size Distribution of Robinson Impoundment Fishes 4.4.1 Introduction I In the 1976 report, an attempt was made to estimate age and growth rate of Robinson Impoundment fishes from scale examination and back calculation. Many scales contained false annuli, and there was I extreme variability in annulus location on scales from similar sized fish. Such variation led to reduced confidence in the estimated growth rates. In 1976-1978, it was decided to rely on length frequency dis tributions , length frequency progressions, and tagging studies to estimate growth rate of selected fish species rather than on scale examination. I 4.4.2 Methods and Materials Fish collected were measured to the nearest millimeter (total length) and for those gear types where large numbers of fish were collected and where collection was reasonably independent of size, frequency histograms were plotted for species of interest. Rotenone sampling and bluegill in electrofishing samples were the only instances where these criteria were met. i I 4-17 I
I Fish tagged when sacpling with the various gears were recap- ' tured after various periods at large. For each fish (species of interest), growth during the period at large was divided by the number of days at large during the growing season (specified from examination ; of growth relative to dates tagged and recaptured, April 15-October 31 for bluegill, warmouth and largemouth bass and April 1-October 31 for l chain pickerel). This value was multiplied by the number of days in the growing season to estimate yearly growth. These growth estimates and the length frequency histograms were used to evaluate fish growth in the impoundment. E 4.4.3 Results and Discussion Bluegill I Fish collected by rotenone sampling during late August of both 1977 and 1978 vere used to examine length distribution and approximate growth rate (by length f requency examination) for Transects A, E and G. Figures 4.4.1A, B, C and D illustrate these distributions. The most obvious conclusion to be drawn from these data is that the strength of the 1978 year class of bluegill is f ar below that of 1977 at all locations and that the greatest reduction occurred at Transect E. m In 1977, two-year classes were evident in the distribution at each transect. Young-of-the-year fish at Transect A ranged f rom 20-60 g mm with most from 30-36 mm and second-year fish ranged from 90-110 mm E with most at 96 mm. Fish collected at Transect E exhibited a slightly larger range in sizes in each year class and a slightly greater growth rate for second-year fish. Young of the year ranged from 20-75 mm with
~
most in the 24-36 range and second year from 93-117 mm with most from 105-114 mm. At Transect G, growth rate of young of the year was lower than at Transects A and E with fish from 18-45 mm and most occurring at 30 mm. Second-year fish at Transect G exhibited a greater growth rate with fish ranging f re- 96-140 mm and most occurring from 111-117 mm. 4-18
a I. This increased growth rate for larger bluegill probably reflects the greater abundance of large invertebrate-fish-food organisms at Transect G. In examining the length distribution of bluegill from the I 1978 rotenone samples, the same two age classes were discernible (young-of-the-year and second-year fish), but the small number < of young of the year reduce the reliability of estimating growth. At Transect A, young of the year ranged from 30-57 mm with most fish occurring from 48-51 mm. This increased length with lower numbers may
-represent a greater growth rate in 1978 or represent fish which were spawned earlier in the year. Second-year .~ish at Transect A ranged f rom 78-126 mm with most occurring 96-99 mm, similar to the distri-bution in 1977. At Transect E, very few young of the year w re taken I in 1978, and those ranged from 36-48 mm. Second-year fish ranged from 81-117 mm with most from 96-108, suggesting second-year fish grew some-what slower in 1978 than in 1,977. At Transect G, numbers of young of the year were small, and ranged f rom 27-39 mm with most at 30 mm, similar to the 1977 distribution. Second-year fish, however, apparently did not grow as fast during 1978, with fish ranging from 78-117 mm and most in the 87-99 mm rangi..
Of 1,273 bluegill tagged and 20 recaptured, only one fish was I recaptured after a reasonable period at large within the specified growing season. No conclusion regarding growth could be made from this observation. Largemouth Bass Although largenouth bass were collected regularly f rom Robinson Impoundment, numbers collected within short time periods were insufficient to provide more than gross estimates of early growth from
. . .I the examination of histograms. The most appropriate data available combined rotenone sample stations for each year (1977 and 1978).
I I 4-1, g
I In 1977, largemouth bass size groupings appeared to occur from 43-99 mm and from 131-168 m. Individuals were taken at 302 and 342 mm; in 1978, a grouping appeared to extend from 20 to 103 m and another ' extended from 150 m to 260 mm. Larger individuals include fish taken at 352 mm, 390 m and 467 mm. The vide range of the smallest group of fish in both years suggests a long spawning period and/or variations in growth rate. Length ranges of this magnitude at small sizes make it extremely dif fi-cult to determine age groups from lengths at larger sizes. For example, g the apparent groupings in 1977 of 131-168 m and in 1978 of 150-260 m. 5 It is unusual to find fish from the same water body ranging in length from 131 to 260 mm at age 2, however, fish occurred regularly and with the same frequency over this range. The consideration of largemouth bass tagged in Robinson I impoundment does little to p,rovide more accurate growth estimates. Of 482 bass ta;ged,18 were recaptured. Only 4 of the 18 were at large during the growing season for a sufficient period to estimate growth. Two of these fish were approximately 220 m in length when tagged and were estimated to grow 68 and 122 mm per year. Two larger fish, 407 and 381 mm, were estimated to grow 18 and 55 mm per year. Compared to the growth data reported in 1976, these values g tend to confirm that the 1976 report underestimated largemouth bass grewth. Warmouth Warmouth were collected in large enough numbers to assess growth by length examination only by rotenone sampling at Transect G. During both 1977 and 1978, young-of-the-year warmouth ranged from approximately 20 to 45 m', and second-year fish ranged from 45 to 75 mm (Figure 4.4.2). No length groups were evident above this sire preventing any conclusions regarding growth in third-year or older fish. This estimate of growth is approximately the same as reported in 4-20 5
. , , .. . . . , _ . . . _ . , .. .. ., m -. - - - - - -
1975. The strength of the second-year class in both length frequency r~ plats suggests a low mortality rate for young warmouth at Transect G. Growth information for Robinson Impoundment warmouth over 150 mm was better than for most other species. Of 749 varmouth tagged and 46 recaptured, 13 were recaptured after a period at large during the i defined growing season. Estimating the yearly growth from the change in length and weight, and from the days at large, and by averaging the values, warmouth increased approximately 21.6 mm and 59.6 grams per year. Chain Pickerel Examining the length data collected on chain pickerel, the I results are extremely variable, ranging from 40 to 160 mm. The numbers collected and the variation in lengths preclude identifying any other length groups. There is somp question as to whether the 40-160 mm length group represents fish spawned in one or in two spawning seasons, but the collection of early juveniles (larval fish traps) during both fall and spring months would support a length range variation of this magnitude occurring within one-year class. The available tagging data does little to provide more accurate growth estimates with yearly estimates for the six fish recaptured following an at-large period during the growing season ranging from 28 to 207 mm per year. Three of the six fish ranged from 83 to 119 mm in annual growth. 4.5 Fish Reproduction in Robinson Impoundment 4.5.1 Introduction Ichthyoplankton sampling during the 1976-1978 sampling period continued with larval fish traps in the shoreline areas. Towing with a 30 cm net was changed to a 1/2 m net which was later changed to sampling with a 1/2 m push net. During 1977, an intensive sampling effort was 4-21
I directed toward identifying spawning periods and locations through the examination of adults (electrofishing) and the use of larval traps at 12 shoreline stations. Soawning activity was to be compared to tempera-ture to better evaluate the areas acceptable to fish for reproduction. 4.5.2 Methods and Materials . The larval fish traps used were previously described (CP&L, g 1976) and are similar to those described by Ricker (1968). The larval W traps sampling program varied in frequency and location through the 1976-1978 period. Analysis will address all appropriate combinations of sampling frequency and location. Open-water ichthyoplankton sampling also varied in frequency, I location, and gear. Nets with the same mesh size (571 p) were used in all cases, and catches adjusted for the volume of water strained to allow comparisons. In 1976, a 30 cm net was towed four consecutive dates quarterly during the day and at night (4 replicates). Following the 1977 winter quarterly sampling, 1/2 m nets replaced the 30 cm nets. Also in 1977, the special reproductive study included weekly collections with the towed 1/2 m net. In 1978, open-water ichthyoplankton was sampled using the push net apparatus described by Tarplee et al. (1979). 4.5.3 Results and Discussion Shoreline Areas Sampled with Larval Fish Traps Sampling conducted during February, May, August, and November g of 1976, 1977, and 1978 provides a common basis for analysis. During B 1977 and 1978, sampling on a weekly or biweekly basis could also be analyzed during certain periods. During 1978, sampling at Transect F was added to further describe shoreline larval-fish populations north of the bridge. I I; 4-22 :
I Quarterly Analysis Analysis of variance was performed on a log transformation of I quarterly catch-rate data for selected taxa (suniish (Lepomis), percids, spotted suckers) and the total catch. Catches for 1976, 1977, and 1978 _g 5 during winter, spring, summer, and fall at Stations A-1, A-3, E-1, E-3, G-1 and G-3 were considered. In the analysis of sunfish data, several interactions among the effects were indicated. Dif f erences, among sampling stations, quarters and years were indicated; but individual cell mean comparisons must be examined to determine where the dif ferences occur due to the interactions. No sunfish larvae were collected during winter (February) or in f all (November), except for one specinen taken in 1978. The low I catch rates (0) in these quarters appeared to be masking differences in the analysis, so data from Transects A and G collected in winter and fall, and from Transect E collected in winter was deleted from the procedure. Transect G catches were much larger than catches at Transects A and E overall. The restricted analysis of Transect G catch rates indicated there were significant differences among years, stations and several of the interaction terms. A Waller-Duncan K-Ratio T Test performed on the yearly data indicates the catch rate was highest during l 1977, intermediate in 1976, and lowest during 1978, and that all years i I were significantly different. Due to the interactions in the analysis, the data from the spring and summer quarters were examined separately. , During spring, there were no significant differences between stations. In summer, however, there was a significant difference between stations and this difference varied from year to year. Analysis of the data (restricted analysis) from Transect A ir.dicated there were significant differences between quarters and that the catch in summer was greater than the catch in spring. There were no g_ significant year or station differences. At Transect E, the restricted l WB l analysis indicated there were significant station differences but no i significant differences in years or among quarters. No Isrval Lepomis were taken from Station 3 at Transect E. The low catches at Transects A and E (Means 1.2 and .4) compared to the catch at Transect G (Mean 4-23
l I 39.0) and the relatively large sample variation greatly reduced the strength of the statistical analysis for Transects A and E. The maximum catch cf percid larvae during each year was Catches recorded in spring and was followed by the catch in summer. Analysis of were generally low in fall and were lowest in winter. variance performed on the percid catch data indicated there were signifi-cant interactions among certain combinations of the variables, and plots 3 of the data indicate each quarter should be considered separately. During winter, there were no significant yearly differences in the data, In ating, there were and percids were collected only at Station A-3. no significant yearly or station differences, but there vere significant differences among transects. A Waller-Duncan K-Ratio T Test indicated the catch at Transect G was larger and significantly di'ferent from the catches at the mid- and lower-impoundment transects Q and E). In summer, significant differences were indicated among transects, and no dif ferences were indicated among years or between stations. Testing with the Waller-Duncan K-Ratto T Test Procedure indicated the catch rate was highest at Transect G, intermediate at Transect A, and lowest at Transect E, and that the catches at Transects G and A vere not statis-tically different, and at Transects A and E were not statistically different. No percid larvae cc. Thes were collected at Station E-3 during sumer 1977 or 1978. Numbers collected at E-3 during summer E 1976 were the lowest of the e.tations sampled. During fall, there were SI significant dif ferences in percid catches among years and transects. Waller-Duncan K-Ratio T Tests indicated the catch was largest and Considering significantly different from the other years during 1978. o transects, the catch was largest at Transect E, intermediate at Transect A, and lowest at Transect G. The catches at Transect E and A were not significantly different, and the catches at Transects A and G were not significantly different. The analysis perforred on spotted-sucker catch rates indi-cated significant interactions among variables and a plot of the data indicated suckers were collec ed only during May. In 1977 and 1978, spotted sucker larvae were collected only from Transect G, but in 1976 Further they were also taken in small numbers on Transects A and E. I 4-24 k
I analysis of May catches at Transect G indicates there is no significant. I difference in catch rate between stations. Yearly differences were significant at the 94% level with the catch largest in 1976 followed by 1977 and lowest in 1978.
! Analysis of tctal catch data indicated interactions between certaia combinations of variables were significant, and on examination of plots of the data indicated that catches in each quarter should be examined separately. Catches in the winter quarter were small, and there were no significant differences among transects, years, or between stations. Spring catches exhibited yearly, trancect, and transect-by-station differences with the catch in 1976 largest and not significantly I different from the catch in 1977, and the catch in 1978 smallest and not significantly different from the catch in 1977. Considering transect catches during spring were largest at Transect G. Catches at Transects A and E were much smaller and there was no statistical difference between them. Summer larval trap catches exhibited signifi-cant differences among years'and transects. The total catch in summer was largest in '977, smaller in 1976, and smallest in 1978. These differences, however, were not cignificant between 1977 and 1976, nor between 1976 and 1978. The total catch was largest during the summer at I Transect G, smaller at Transect A, and smallest at Transect E. The fall catches were smaller than spring and summer catches, and there were no significant year or station differences. Transects differed signifi-cantly with the catch at Transect E largest and not significancly different from the catch at Transect A. The Transect G catch was smallest and not significantly different from the Transect A catch.
I Weekly or Biweekly Analysis I Analysis of variance was performed on a log transformation of the 1977-1978 weekly and biweekly larval trap catch-rate data. The same taxa as included in the quarterly analysis were considered (sunfish, percids, spotted suckers, and total catch). The analysis for each taxonomic group was restricted to include only periods when individua9 occurred regularly in the catch. I 4-25 I
n I The analysis of sunfish data collected from the second week of April through June indicated thera was a significant transect and station interaction. A plot of the dat.. by year, veek, transect and station suggested the cause of the interaction was th? <xtremely low catch rata at Transects A and E. At these transects, there van little difference between years, stations, or weeks. At Transect G, thcre was a significant difference between years with the catch rate in 1977 larger than the catch rate in 1978. There also was a significant g difference batycen stations with the catch rate larger at Station 3 E than at Station 1, although therc was sorne variation over weeks. Within the period tested, catch rates were generally higher in May and June than in ..pril. Percid catch rates wr e considered for the period March-June. I In the initial tr.odel, a signif t. cant transect and station interaction us indicated so the snean values were plotted in an atternpt to illus-q trate any r erns in the data. No clear cut trends were evident, so each transect was analy ud" individually, cortparing years, weeks, h nd stations. At Transect A, peredd catches were generally sinall and tiere were no statictical differences between years, veeks, or stations. A low R' for the analysis it.dicated variation in the data, but the low catch rates suggested little spawning activity of conse-quence occurred at Transect . At Transer: E, the analysis indicated E no significant difference between years and between stations. A E significant dif ference was indicated between weeks, with catch rates highen in late .tpril and early May. Very few larval percids vete collected in June (one date), and catch rates (as at Transect A) were low. Transect G percid catches exhibited significant station dif f erences, but there was no significant dif ference among weeks or between years. Catch rates were generally highec than at other transects and, although the catch rata was significantly higher at Staticn 3 than at Stetion 1, there was sotne variation. , Epotted-sucker catches from May and June were included for analysis. Significant transect and station interactions were indi-cated so the data were plotted. The plots indicated no spotted 4-26 I E
I suners were taken in larval traps at Transect A and very few were I taken at Transect E (too few for further analysis). Analysis of Transect G data, comparing years. veeks, ani stations, indicated there was a significant year-by-veek inceraction and significant dif f crences between stations. Although there was some variation over weeks, on the average the catch at Station 3 was greater than the catch at Station 1. Total larval fish trap catches from March through June were analyzed. Like the other taxa considered, interactions were significa-t in the model and the it. cans were plotted. These plots indicated a breakdown by transect was appropriate. Transect A was characterired by _ low total catch rates, no significant veck c year differences, and the catch at Station 3 significantly larger than ti.e catch at Station 1. The Transect E catches also were very small and exhibited no yearly or station differences. There was, hou.ver, a significant difference among weeks within the sampling period with catches largest in late April and early May. At Trt.nsect G, there was no significant difference between years, but there were significant differences among weeks and stations. The highest catch rates at Transect G occurred in June, and the catch at Station 3 was larger than the catch at Station 1. I Transect F Since Transtet F was incorporated into the regular larval trap sampling program in 1978, only 1978 data ceuld be considered in comparing Transect T to Transects A, E and G. Since results from a broader analysis of data from Transects A, E.and G have already been discussed, results from the 1978 analysis (including Transect F) will only relate Iransect F to Transects A, E and G. I In most of the 1978 analyses, interactions between combi-nations of variables were significant, so plots of the data were constructed and analysis by month or transect performed. Considering y pomis catches at Transect F, there was no significant difference between statione. Catch raten were highest in July and were followed B 4-27 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ -
3 I i in abundance by the catch in June and May. The catches in April and August were next in abundance and vare not significantly different 5 from the catch in May. Relative to other tranoccts, the catch rate at Transect F was generally intermediate between Transect G and Transects A and E. Using the Duncan's procedure, but realizing the limitations, it appeared that 1978 Lepomis catches at Transect F vere not statistically different from Transect G in April and May, were not statistically different f rom Transects A and E in April, May, June end July, and vere not statistically different from Transect E in August and September. Largest catches of percids at Transect F occurred in October, May and December. Among transec.ts there was little difference in percid catches except in May, June and July. In these months. Transect F catches grouped with catches from Transects A ar.d E. In May and July. Transect F also grouped with T.ansect G. Spotted-sucker catches et Transect F vere smal) and variable. Catches were made only during May and abrndance was below the nun.bers found at Transect G (no spotted-sucker larvae were taken in larval traps at Transects A and E during 1978). Total catchec at Transect F vere generally above those from Transects A and E, but below those from Transect G. Catches exhibited 5 the variable pattern expected f rom the spawning at dif f erent tinies of g different species, but on the average vere higher in the spring and early summer and in October. The catch at Station 3 was generally higher than the catch at Station 1. Examining data collected from larval traps in the 1978 intensive sampling period, Transect F catches were smaller than the catch at Transect G and larger than the catch at Transects A and E. Catches of Lepomis and spotted suckers at 'Iransect F vere more like the catches at G than from the lover impoundment. Catches of percids and the total catches at Transect F vere more like catches from Transects A and E than catches at Transect U. 4-28 I E. __-~___-_-__ _ _ - _ -
I Comparison of Larval Trap Catches in 1976-1973 to 1975 Comparisons between the 1975 and 1976-1978 larval-trap data b Robinson Impoundment are precluded by a number of difficulties in the 1975 program including the initial design of the traps, the I manner in which they were fished, and the sizes of fish included in the analysis. Generci comparisons, however, indicate that similar patterns existed throughout the 1975-1978 period with greatest abundance and diversity in the upper-impoundmeat aren during May-August, and some spawning activity occurring during most months of tne year. I Open-Vater Areas Sampled With Ichthyoplankton Nets I The variation in gear types employed to sample open-water ichthyoplankton probably affected catch rates through improved sattpling 3 efficiency each year. Catches are all quantified as number per 1,000 m so comparisons can be made, but the potential bias must be considered. During the 1976-1978 period, larval fish were collected sporadically during the winter months (Tables 4. 5.1, 4. 5. 2 and 4. 5. 3) . These fish were all identified as belonging to the genus Etheostotna or Based on recults of adult-fish sampling, we believe I family Percidae. all of the percids collected belong to the genus Etheostoma, although positive identification was not possible; and we think most were Etheostoma fusiform. The May, 1976, spring quarterly sampling collected Percidae and Centrarchidae (some identified as Lepomis) at Transects A, E, and G and collected Minytrema melanops from Transect G. Total catch rates during this period were similar between Transects A and E, but were appreciably higher at Transect G. Night catches appeared somewhat I larger than dcy catches. Weekly surface tows during the day in 1977 from early March through late May took percids in cach of the three months and Minytrema during April at Transect A. Numbers were rela-tively low and catches irregular. At Transect E during the same period, l 4-29 LE
)
I ! percid catches vere similar to Transect A and Lepomis were cr11ected the i last veck of April. Catches at Transect G vere much higher than at Transect A or E during this period. Percids were the only fishes taken at Transect G until mid-April when the firstjoinytrema were collected along with a large catch of percids. Lepomis appeared in the late-April l sampics and Minytrema and percids continued in abundance through May. May, 1977, quarterly sampling (day and night, May 30-June 3) indicated the presence of somewhat greater numbers of Lepomis and Percidae (Etheostoma) at Transects A and E than during the previous months. At Transect G, catches were larger than at A and E. Minytrema melanops decreased in abundance, while Percidae catches were similar and Lepomis catches considerably increased over the March 3 to Mcy 25 period i (Table 4.5.2). Biveckly day-surface tows during June collected Leyomis and percida at Transect A, nothing at Transect E, and large numbers of Lepomis at Transect G. Percid catches at Transect u declined. The May 30 June 3 sampling period was conducted during an apparent transition period in catch rates. CatdesatAandEverepeakingat the end of a gradual spring increase and prior to .the decline to zero during .'une. Catches at Transect G included the latter part of spotted-sucker larval activity, was just prior to the decline of percid activity, and was at the beginning of the period of large Lepomis catches. During the summer quartei*ly sampling, small numbers of Lepomis vere collected at Transects A and E at night. At Transect G, a few percids were collected, but Lepomis dominated the samples. By November, reproductive activity was greatly reduced with 5 only percids collected, and these sporadically end in low numbers. R Sampling during 1978 consisted of day and night surface sampics with 1/2 m push nets biveckly from January through March and July through December, with weekly sampling the rest of the year. Percids were taken sporacically in low numbers from all transects from January through March, as were the results from sampling in previous years. At Transect A, catches consisting only of percids continued small and variable through 4-30 m.
I In May, pert.id catches became more regular, but remained small I April. through June. The only other species taken was Lepomis, represented by small cay and night catches on June 20. No fish were collected during July or August sampling at Transect A, except one night collection of percids on July 17. The presence of percids in September samples and the pattern seen in past years would suggest that September represents the beginning of fall percid reproductive activity. I Catches at Transect E consisted of percids, and like Transect A, were small and variable from April through May 23. One night collection I of catastomids on May 2 was the only other taxa co11ceted. No ichthyoplankton were collected on Transect E from May 30 through September 11, except for Lepomis taken in low nuttbers on July 17. Percids collected on September 25 probably represent the beginning of fall percid reproductive activity. Percid catches at Transect F during April were relatively large. In May, they decreased to a lov 1cvel which continued to late June. From July through September, three collections (two in July, one I in late September) contained percids. Golden shiner larvae were collected in Transect F push-nec samples during April and early May, while spotted-I sucker larvae were present from mid-April through early June with their maximum abundance occurring in early May. Lepomis first appeared in Transect F push-net samples in early May; and were taken regularly, though noc in large numbers (except for a few large samples), through July. I Percids were collected at Transect G throughout the sampling period, with a peak in abundance occurring during April and a larger peak occurring from late May through mid-June. Golden shiner larvae were collected frequently at Transect G from April through the first D week of July. Spotted suckers were taken in abundance from early May through the first week in June, and chubsucker larvae were collected on l May 8 and June 6. Lepomis larvae were first collected at Transect G the l third week in June, and were extremely abundant from the last week in June through July. Lepomis were present in low numbers during August ' and September. I /-31 l
E Comparing these data, catch rates were generally largest and exhibited the greatest diversity at Transect C, and vere somewhat smaller and leas diverse at Transect F. The catches at Transects A and E vere sitnilar and vere smaller and less diverse than Transect F. Seasonally, catches in all areas consisted of small, variabic numbers of percids during the vinter months, a pattern that appears consistent g in all of the years s,mtpled. Weekly and monthly differences in catches 5 among stations do appear to change from year to year during the April through August period. The ittproved sampling ef ficiency each year f rom 1975 through 1978 precludes quantitative comparison of larval-fish densities taken in 1977 and 1978 to the 1975 results. Qualitatively, similar taxa have been collected over the years on each transect, and the pattern of relative abundance and diversity has remained similar. 1977 Spring Ecproductive Study l During 1977, a sampling effort was directed toward identifying spawning periods and temperatures for major game fish species in Robinson impoundment. Fish were collected weekly from March-June by electro-fishing from areas of various 2 C temperature increments. The sex and developmental status (gonads) were determined when possible. In addition, plexiglass larval-fish traps were fished for two consecutive un days cach week during this period on the east and vest banks of Transects A, C, D E, F, and G. Transect F for this particular effort was located south of the SC-346 bridge. The electrofishing sampling effort was not as successful as anticipated. Errors in sex determination and gonad classification in the field were not discovered until late in the study; and the infor-mation must, therefore, be treated as a general indication. Male largemouth bass began to nature in mid-March, followed by the maturation of females in late March and early April. The per- E centage of both males and females with mature or ripe gonads appeared to B
\
4-32 Ei
E peak in April and gradually decreased into May. By mid-May, it appeared I that almost all largemouth bass reproductive activity had ceased. Within the late March to early April time pcriod, temperatures appeared to have little effect on reproductive status within the 18-34"C range; fish with gonads exhibiting varying degrees of maturity were collected at most temperatures. A few bleegill were collected with maturing gonads during the early spring (March and April), but there was little evidence of repro-duction before May. In late May, both males and females were collected I with maturing and ripe gonads, and one female was spent. This pattern was evident through the remainder of the sampling effort, although the number of reproductively active fish appeared to be decreasing in late June. As with largemouth bass, bluegill reproductive activity appeared more related to time period than to temperature; and during the time period for reproductive activity, ripe and mature fish were collected I from a relatively wide range of temperatures. Most reproductively active fish were collected frofa 28-36 C, however, mature and/or ripe ' fish were taken from 21 to 38 C. Catches in larval-fish traps were more related to lect tion and date than to temperattre. (For example, the high catch rate at Station G-1 across a temperature range from mid-teens to low thirties and low catch rates at Station C-1 across a similar temperature range.) Figures 4.5.1A through 4.5.lc illustrate this relationship with catch rates per day (24-hour set) plotted on a log scale. Average catch per week of 0-1 fish per day was plotted on the baseline. Temperatures recorded were I those at the trap locations when the traps were fished and do not reflect dail,y variation or strat11Ication occurring in the general area. Transect G catches were larger than at any other transect. Station C-1 catches generally increased throughout the period with both diversity and abundance reaching a maximum in May. By June, centrachids were the most numerous taxa. The maximum temperature during the study period was 31 C. Catches at Station 3 were slightly larger than at Station 1 and exhibited a greater variety of taxa. Largest catches were made from April through early June with appreciable week-to-week variation. 4-33
n . I Transect F catch rates were higher than at any of the lower-impoundment transects but lower than Transect G, and catches at Station 3 were larger than at Station 1. At Station 1, a peak in abundance of percids in March occurred at temperatures from 18-25 C. The peak in April at 21 C included percids, pirate perch, spotted suckers and Lepomis, while the June peak consisted entirel;' of Lepomis_ collected at 36 C. Fish were collected every week during the study at Station F-3 and catches exhibited peaks in mid- to late March, in mid- to late May, and appeared to be intrensing at the end of the study in June. Te:tperatures ranged f rom 18-25 C with percids dominating the early peaksi percids, spotted suckers, Lepomis and ictalurids comprising the May peak; and Lepomis and some percida co11ceted in June. Station E-1 catches were small in March and consisted of percids. The greater numbers collected in April consisted of percids, E spotted suckers and Lepomin,'with Lepomis more abundant during the 5 latter part of the toonth. No larvae were collected in May, but Lepomis were again collected in early June (at a rate of less than one per day). Temperatures in March and April ranged from 22-32*C and, during the early June activity, were approximately 36 C. Catch rates at Station E-3 were low with small pulses in E E activity in late March through early April (less than one fish per day), mid-April through early May, and late May through early June (less than one fish per day). Most larvae taken were percids except for Lepomis, taken during early May. Temperatures. at Station E-3 ranged f rom 25-26 C during this period. Catches at Transect D vere generally small and variable and were larger at Station 3 than at Station 1. An except$on was one large catch at Station D-1 during May which consisted primarily of Lepomis. With this exception, Station D-1 catches did not exceed one fish per day and were primarily percids during the early part of the study, changing i I 4-34
I to Lepomis during later weeks. Temperatures ranged up to 34 C during March (temperatures 24-25 C), in early April (23 C) and in early May (29.5"C). Few larval fish were taken from either station on Transect C, but catch rates appeared slightly higher at Station 3 than at Station 1. At Station 1, no catch rates above one fish per day were recorded; but, I fish were collected during late March, April and May with percids the dominant taxa early in the sampling period isnd Lepomis taken more frequently later. Temperatures measured when fish were collected at Station 1 ranged up to 30 C. At Station 3, percids were the dominant taxa during April and early May with Lepomis becoming more abundant in catches from mid-May through June. Water temperatures of 28-30 C were measured during the periods percids were taken, while temperatures of 31-33*C vere measured with Lepomis catches. I 5tation A-1 catches were small and variabic throughout the period indicating little spawning occurred in the area, often less than one fish per day. Most of the fish collected were percids with the greatest activity occurring May through mid-June at water temperatures fIom 25-29 C. Like Station A-1, Station A-3 catch rates were low. Percids were taken in April at temperatures of approximately 29 C and Lepomis were taken in mid-June at temperatures of 29-32 C. I These comparisons further ' illustrate the low larval fish densities in the lower impoundment and increasing catches north of the discharge canal. There does not appear (Figure 4.5.la, 4.5.lb, and 4.5.1c) to be any negative relationship between the temperatures encountered and the pattern of temperature changes experienced in the spring reproductive study and larval-fish catch rates. Taxonomic differc.sces in catches appear more related to date and sampling location than to temperatures within the range encountered. I 4-35 I
4.6 Ichthyoplankton Entrainment l; i 4.6.1 Introduction i Entrainment sampling pr > grams at the H. B. Robinson SEP have I i been tiodified and it; proved in the 1976-1978 sampling period. We believe, therefore, that estimates of entrainment rates have been better and more j reliable each year. Sampling frequency has generally followed ichthyo- ) plankton sampling efforts in the impoundment to allow comparisons. While ! 3 all catches have been adjusted to a standard volume (1,000 m ) for compar-ison, the changes and it: proven.ents in the program must be kept in mind when ; evaluating the data. 4.6.2 Methods and Materials I Sampling during 1976 generally followed the procc-dnres out-lined previously (CP6L, 1976). In 1977, the net was rigged in a frame which was lowered into the intake structure. Although the floemeters euggest there is some turbulence and a variable flow, this method was thought to provide more representative samples. Also, using the f rame, replicate samples were collected simultaneously. 4.6.3 Results and Discussion I as During 1976, entrainment was sampled quarterly. Catches (Tabic 4.6.1) were similar to those taken with towed 1/2 m ichthyo-plankton nets. Spring samples were dominated by percids, with Lepomis and Minytrema melanops each occurring in single samples. By summer, percid abundance decreased occurring in one sample period, while Lepomis were collected on three of four sampling dates. Fall samples were variable with percids present in two of eight sampling periods. Catches in 1977 (Table 4.6.2) were similar to those taken in 1976. Winter (February) entrainment samples collected no ichthyoplankton, while spring samples were dominated by percids. The only taxa identified 4-36 Q'
=
l in the summer entrainment sampling was lepomis, some of which could be identified as Lepomis inacrochirus. Fall satap'es were again doininat ed ! by percids. I As in previous years and as seen in puuh-net samples, 1978 catches (Table 4.6.3) were small and variable from January thtough March. [ ' Percids vere collected occasionally in low nuinbers. Catches of percids increased in early May, and were collected regularly into July. Percids were again taken in late September, and the highest catch rates in 1978 were recorded in October, lepornia larvae were collteted on all sampling dat es f rom mid-June through bcpt ettber, except during August. l None were collected f rom mid-October through Decernber. Comparing entrainment rates in the 1976-1978 period with those reported in The previous. 316 study, it appears that , overall, , ent raintnent war. Iowest in 1977. The vide sample-to-sample vat int ion in other years and the ranges of catch rates indicate a sitnilarity, however, good comparisons are' precluded. Percids were the dominant taxa in all years, and entrainment was generally greatest in spring i and fall, probably reflecting greater spring and f all reproductive , I activity at Transect A. 4.7 Fish Impingernent at 11. B. Robinson SEP I 4.7.1 Introduction I The impingement monitoring prog 3 .a f ror. 197 6-147 8 varied sotne-what in frequency as regulatory requirements changed. The camparison of ittpingement rates over titne, however, allows year-to-year, as well as seasonal, comparisons; and provides an index to fish population. i l 4.7.2 Methods and Materials Impingen.cnt sampling procedures for the 1976-1978 sampling period were the same as outlined previously (CPt.L. 1976). Sampling was I 4-37 l
I conducted tnonthly f rom January-August, 1976, quarterly from September, 1976,-Jecember,1977; and veckly or biweekly during 1978 (reported as monthly catches). 4.7.3 kesults and Discussion The ittpingement rate varied with tLe number of circulating water pumps operating during the period of sample collection. Since E impingement sampling was conducted on a predetermined schedule, the W number of pumps operating represented normal operating conditions and is indicated along with the imping'ement rates of fishes collected during 1976, 1977, and 1978. Data from Unit 1 are pretented in Tabic 4.7.1 and Unit 2 in Table 4.7.2. Impingement on the Unit 1 intake screent'was sina11 during the 1976-1978 period. Bluegill was the largest component of the catch during all three years. Swamp darters were also collected frequently during 1976 and 1978, but were icsn numerous during 1977. L'hite catfish were taken frequently during 1976 and 1977, but were absent from 1978 catches. At Unit 2, bluegill was the most nutnerous fish collected on the intake screens during all years; and during 1976 and 1977, was also the lars,est component of weight. Chain pickerel was an irnportant E E cesponent of the catch by weight, but numbers were generally small. Golden shiners, pirate perch, varmouth, and white catfish were collected regularly during 1976, but numbers were generally small. Impingement was sampled quarterly during 1977 with numbers and weights impireged larger than during 1976, and diversity of species somewhat lower. Bluegill was the largest component of catches, with chain pickerel comprising an appreciable part of the biomass. Golden shiners, pirate perch, and warmouth, as in 1976, were again collected regularly, but white catfish declined in abundance. Impingement in 1978 was arain dominated by bluegill, with chain pickerel contributing appreciably to the biomass. Golden shiner and warmouth were co11ceted in numbers I 4-38 E
I similar to previous years, and bluespotted sunfish appeared to increase I in importance in the catch. Total catch during 1978 was similar to previous years during the winter and spring, but was much smaller numerically during t =ummer. Total catch (per 24 hours) averaged 380 fish weighing 2,062 p au the months sampled in 1976, 473 fish weighing 4.158 grams for the months sampled in 1977, and 121 fish weighing 2,515 i; rams for the months sampled in 1978. I Impingement rate data from the Unit 2 intake collected from 1974 through 1978 vere examined using analysis of variance and Duncan's I Multiple Range Test with log transformed bluegill catch per day. Examining weekly data collected from July, 1975, through August, 1976, no significant difference was found within sampling months (week to week). A monthly difference, however, was indicated, as it was for analysis over the whole sampling period. This difference was examined for individual years and for all years combined. The results are presented in Table 4.7.3 for each year and for all years combined. Impingement rates were genera'lly highest during late summer and lowest during spring and winter. As with the entrainment data, sample variation made direct comparisons between years and to the previous 316 study difficult. In all years (1974-1978), bluegill was the most frequently impinged species. Impingement rates on Unit 1 appeared lower in the recent study period than was previously reported and numbers appeared lowest in 1978. Comparing Unit 2 impingement in 1976-1978 to the 1973-1975 data, we found that numbers were generally similar except from mid- to late 1978. In surmr and f all in most years, the impingement rate was increased due to recruitment of young-of-the-year fish (particularly bluegills) . In 1978, the reduction of availabic young-of-the-year I bluegills in the population resulted in reduced impingement rates. Although the poor 1978 year class of bluegills is reflected in the impingement rate, we do not believe impingement was a significant factor in determining bluegill abundance or the strength of the year R 4-39
I class. The observed reduction in bluegill populations was not confined to the intake area or the lower itupoundtnent. 4.8 Habitat Management The habitat tranagement ef fort at Robinson Irnpoundment consisted g W of installing two artificial reefs in conjunction with SCDHEC and S. C. k'ildlife aad Marine Resources Department on an experimental basis. One reef was installed in water approximately 10-12 feet deep, and the other in water approximately 20 feet deep. Reefs were constructed of a com-bination of tire bundles and brush bundles, and were tnarked with buoys. Some electroffshing van conducted in the reef areas during sutscquent months, but no fish were collected. This is attributed to the depth of the reefs and the low conductivity or Robinson Impoundment water. The SCkMRD was to sample the reef areas by angling and through creel surveys. k'e have not been of ficially informed of the results of their efforts. However, personal conversations with Dan Crochet, SCk'MRD District Biologist, indicated that inspection by divers indicated little usage by fish or fishermen. In contrast, discussion with members of the Hartsville Bass Club indicated that fishermen were catching largemouth bass and chain pickerel in the reef area. As the use of freshwater artificial reefs are a proven manage-I ment tool, we believe the reefs are concentrating fish. However, unless the areas are utilized sufficiently and successfully by anglers, costs outweigh benefits. At at this there are no plans to expand the program beyond possible maintenance of the existing reefs. 4.9 Miscellaneous Observations and Activities Deformed Bluegills - It has been noticed occasionally that lepoaids collected during the study exhibited corphological deformities. This was most often observed in bluegills, although some warmouth appeared to exhibit the same condition. l i l 4-40
I l Specifically, " deformed" fish appeared to have a depressed or indented operculum and in severe cases deformed gill arches. Another less common deformity involved the mouth and occurred in fish both with and without the deformed operculum. The mouth deformities ranged from slightly malformed mandibles to a reduced, twisted, immobile orifice. I The occurrence of deformed fish in the collections appeared to increase considerably in late 1978, and their occurrence in January I and February, 1979, electrofishing samples was recorded. A significant percentage of the bluegill collected during these two months from Transects A, E and F exhibited deformities while none were found at Transect G. In February, 52% of the bluegills collected at Transect A, 43% of the bluegills collected at Transect E, and 12% of the bluegills collected at Transect F were defomed. Most of these fish appeared to be from the 1977 year class, although some larger or smaller individuals were collected. Deformed fish, including those with the deformcd mouth, appeared to have normal body proportions and were not noticeably thin I or em.sciated. A study to investigate possible caut.cs and to detcrmine more about the character of these determitics is currently being conducted by North Carolina State University. 11ybrid Sunfish The co11cetion of hybrid sunfish reported previously (CP6L, 1976) continued in the 1976-1978 period. Greatest numbers of hybrid sunfish have been collected in the lower- and mid impoundment areas. I Specimens have been examined by several ichthyologists and are generally conside*ed to be a cross involving ,Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) . The other parent most likely is Lepomis marginatus (dollar sunfish) or Lepomis gulosus (varmouth). At present, insufficient meristic data has been examined to more positively classify these hybrids. I I 4-41
l Il Fish Movement Studies 1 Fish tagged and recaptured during the study provided infor-mation on fish movement as well as growth rate. In addition, fishermen returr.ing tags from Robinson Impoundment fish were asked to mark a map with the catch location. E' E I Of the fish species examined (warmouth, bluegill, chain i pickerel, and largemouth bass), chain pickerel appeared to exhibit the Icast overall movement between tagging and recapture. The number of recaptures of c.hain pickerel also was lower than for other species and was, therefore, somewhat less reliable. Fourteen records including "at-large" periods of up to 18 months indicated chain pickerel generally remained within one mile of the tagging location. Most varmouth recaptured exhibited little movement from l)l l their tagging locatiun, but a few individuals moved distances of approximately 1/2 the length 'fo the impoundment. The individuals observed to have moved considerable distances generally were at large five months or more. Other individuals at large a like period of time, however, exhibited little or no movement. Bluci,ill also exhibited this pattern cif most individuals remaining within an area while other individuals exhibited lengthy EB movements. Some bluegill moved considerabic distances during short E periods at large (several days), while others at large several months exhibited no movement. 3 Largemouth bass appeared to move the most of the four species examined. Individuals appeared to move to and from the mid-section of the impoundment from most other areas, including both the headwaters and the dam area. While some individuals moved very little, most fish at large over a month had moved from the tagging location. The observed movements to and from the discharge area suggest some interaction between temperatures and bass movement. The larger catches in discharge i 4-42 I
B i area sattples during certain periods of the year tend to confirm this pattern. Unfortunately, the number of bass tagged and recaptured was insufficient to identify periods of movement into or out of the I dischatge areas. 4.10 'Jiscussion of Thermal Effects Determining the effect of the thermal discharge from the H. B. Robinson SEP on the fish in Robinson Impoundment has been the tnain objective of these fisheries' ef forts. The problem has been approached by investigating the reservoir fishery as a whole and examining and com-paring various areas with each other, with historical data and with I other bodies of water. Specific temperature limitations have been addressed previously (CP6L letter to Mr. Jack Ravan, EPA, December 13, 1976, Exhii;tt A) and a comparison of these specific te:tperatures to reservoir temparatures is somewhat misleading, given a fish's ability to move and the 1:icrnhabitats present which are af f ected by cool springs and temperature gradients in deeper areas. The 1977 reproductive study was designed to evaluate effects of operating thermal conditiens on fish reproduction and on various life stages of fish in the field. The abundance and distribution of larval fish indicated that location and date had more of an effect on catches than temperature under the conditions experienced (as previously discussed). Unfortunately for the study, thermal con-ditions experienced during the period did not represent maximum operating temperatures due to relatively cool veether conditions and a reduction in plant operation during March and April. While May temperaturesatthemouthofthedgschargecanalaveragedhigherthan in other years, temperatures did rd exceed 38 C until May 19 and in I June did not exceed 41.5 C until after June 20 (Figure 3.2.40). Considering all arailable information on the obinson impoundment fishery and comparing Robinson Impoundment data to data from other Coastal Plain lakes, it appears that in 1978 a major change occurr2d in the Robinson Impoundment fishery. The reduction in fish I 4-43
populations, particularly south of the SR 346 bridge, in 1978 appears to result primarily from a f ailure of young-of-the-ycar fish (primarily bluegill). The ichthyoplankton sampling in 1978 indicated that numbers were lower than in previous years, but were not lacking to the degree noted in the juvenile stages nomally collected in the late summer and fall. The collection of dead larvae in tov samples on several dates suggests that mortalities through the summer cumulatively reduced young Th of the year to the paucity noted in the 1978 juvenile populations. most reasonable explanation of thir rituation appears to be the inpoun3-ment temperature regime in 1978 which coupled meteorological and operational situations to the detriment of young-of-the-year fishes. During the spring of 1978, impoundment temperatures were below those experienced in previous years from January through April due to a plant In late outage and relatively cold winter (Section 3 Figure 3.2.39). April and early May, maximum discharge temperatures increased rapidly, g unlike 1975, 1976 or during the 1977 spring reproductive study, as the plant returned to service. This low temperature and rapid increase had the ef fect of reducing tht per'iod of time when photoperiod and tempera-ture were suitable for centrarchid gonad maturation. Additionally, young of the year already produced had little opportunity for acclimation. Other thernal characteristics which may have affected fish populations in 1978 include changes in plume configuration (such as un occur with wind shifts) which may have resulted in mortalities, I tecperature regimes which mcy have restricted early juveniles to cooler areas (springs, areas of stratification) for periods longer than those areas could support them, and temperature regimes may have resulted in the decay of thermal refuge areas. It appears that in 1978 plant operation had an effect on I Robinson impoundment fish populations, particularly in the lower- and mid-impoundment areas. There are a large number of other possible a causes and combination of causes which may be involved. The effect on the upper impoundment is small and may well be related to dispersion out of the upper impoundment to the mid- and lower-impoundment areas. The I I 4-44 , k W
. . _ - - . - . . _ _ ~ _ . . _ _ . . . . - - - . _ - . . . . . _ - . . - . ~ . _ _ - . - . _ . - . _ _ _ _ _ . - . _
I continuing study program will monitor the long-term results. Also, study programs are presently being designed to investigate these problems further and determine a rational solution. A number of other factors may have been involved in the decline in fish populations. These include pesticides which may have been introduced from the surrounding vatershed and various water quality parameters such as the presence of heavy metals. The large number of possible causes and the probability that a number of factors (independently or in combination) are involved compound the dif ficulty in specifically identifying the problem. I I I . lI I I , I I I
- I LI
.I .I 4-45
I 4.11 References Carolina Power & Light Company, 1976. P.. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant 316 Demonstration, Vol. II. Carolina Power & Light Company, Raleigh, N. C. 238 pp. Olmsted, L. L. and D. G. Cloutman, 1978. The Fishes of the Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge Final Report to the U. S. Dept. Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. 26 pp. Ricker, W. E., 1968. Methods for assesc:unt of fish production in fresh waters. I.B.P. Handbook No. 3. Biddles Limited, Guilford, Great Britain. Tarplee, W. H. , Jr. , W. T. Bry son and R. G. Sherfinski,1979. Portable Push Net Apparatus for Sampling Ichthyoplankton. Progressive Fish- l Culturist in Press (Late Summer-Fall). I I I I I 5 I I - I 4-46 I E.
~~ ~
~
V . . Table 4.2.1 Common and scientific names of fishes collected from Robinson Impoundment in 1976-1978 compared to the 1974-1975 species composition: Common Name Scientific Name 1974-1975 1976 1977 1978 American eel Anquilla rostrata X X Bowfin Amia calva X X X X Eastern mudminnow Umbra pygmaea X X X X Redfin pickerel Esox americanus X X X X Chain pickerel Esox niger X X X X Colden shiner Notemigonus chrysoleucas X X X X Ironcolor shiner Notropis chalybaeus X X X i Dusky shiner Notropis cummingsac X X X X O s Unidentified minnow Cyprinidae X X Creek chubsucker Erimyzon oblongus X X X X Lake'chubsucker Erimyzon sucetta X X X X Spotted sucker Minytrema melanops X X X X Unidentified chubsucker Erimyzon sp. X X X X White' catfish Ictalurus catus X X X X Yellow bullhead Ictalurus natalis X X X X Brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus X X Flat bullhead Ictalurus platycephalus X X X X Tadpole madtom Noturus gyrinus X X Unidentified madtom Noturus sp. X Swampfish Chologaster cornuta X X X X Pirate perch Aphredoderus sayanus X X X X Lined topminnov Fundulus lincolatus X X X X Mosquit,) fish Cambusia affinis X X X X Mud sunfish Acantharchus pomotis X X X X Flier Centrarchus macropterus X Banded Pigmy sunfish Elassoma zonatum X X X X Blackbanded sunfish Enneacanthas chaetodon X X X X Bluespotted sunfish Enneacanthus gloriosus X X X X
Table 4.2.1 continued Common Name Scientific Name 1974-1975 1976 1977 1978
% Unidentified banded sunfish Enneacanthus sp. X X Redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus X X. X X Pumpkinseed _Lepomis gibbosus X X X X Warmouth Lepomis gulosus X X X X Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus X X X X Dollar sunfish Lepomis marginatus X X X X Redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus X X X Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides X X X X White crappic Pomoxis annularis X X X Black crappie Pomoxis n'gromaculatus X X X Sunfish hybrid Lepomis sp. X X X X Unidentified sunfish Lepomis sp. X X Swamp darter' Etheostoma fusi orme X X X X Tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi X X Sawcheek darter Etheostoma serriferum X X X X s Unidentified darter Percidae - X X X T
IM M M - M M M M M M M M M M M M M
I Table 4.2.2 Fishes collected with 100-foot experimental gill nets .g per 24-hour set (mean of two sets) in Robinson Impoundment during 1976 and 1977. l 3 1976 1977 Winter Spring Summer Faii I Station A-1 Chain pickerel Winter. Spring Summer Fall 4 1.0 1.3 .7
.6 Spotted sucker 1.1 Warmouth .5
.4 4.1 1.9 .5 Bluegill
.6 .7 Yellow bullhead I TOTAL 0 0 .5 .8 2.2 6.5 3.3 .5 Station A-3 I Lake chubsucker Bluegill White catfish
.4
.7
.7
.7 .5 .6 I Yellow bullhead TOTAL .4 0 0 1.4 0 .7 .5 .6 Station E-1 .5 Chain pickerel Creek chubsucker .5 1.1 lake chubsucker .6 I Spotted sucker Pirute perch "a rnout h
.5 1.1 1.1
.5 1.1 .7 .8 1.0 I Bluegill Yellow bullhead TOTAL .5 10
.5 1.1 4.4 .7 0
.5
.5
.8 1.6 4.3
.6 Station E-3 6.1 1.0 Chain pickerel 1.5 Golden shiner .5
.5 L.2ke chubsucker .5 Spotted sucker .5 .7
.6 1.2 Wa rmouth
.7 .7 2.4 I Bluegill Yellow bullhead TOTAL
.5
.5 .5 1.1 2.9 6.1 1.0 2.9 2.4
.6 2.6 Station C-1 .6 Bowfin .5
.5 .5 Chain pickerel 2.9 .6 .7 7.7 Golden shiner 1.0 Lake chubsucker 2.4
.5 .6 .6 Spotted sucker Marmouth 1.0
.5 1.3 .5 Bluegill Largemouth bass .7 .5 Sunfish hybrid .5 I Yellow bullhead Flat bullhead .5
.5
.5 7.8 1.6 0 1.1 1.0 3.1
.7 1.8 4.2
.6
- 9. 9 TOTAL 2.0 4-49 I
I Table 4.2.2 Vir.ter Spring Summer Fall _ Virter Spring Sur:re r_ Fall station G-3 .6 Bovfin .5 Chain pickerel .5
.5 2.1 Golden shiner 1.5 3.6 Creek chubsucker 1.0 .5
.5 3.0 .5 1.3 Lake chubsucker .5 Spotted sucker 1.2 Varmouth 1.0 .5 .6 La'c2emouth bass .5 II;c bullhead .5 1.3
.5 1.2 .5 Yellow bullhead Unidentified .5 4.9 3.5 10.1 2.4 1.0 0 3.0 0 TOTAL I
I I I I E I I I I
.I I
4-50 . h
I i Table 4.2.3 Fishes collected with 100-foot experimental gill nets per 24-hour set (mean of two sets) in Robinson Impoundment during 1978. Winter Spring Surmer Fall Total Station A-1 Chain pickerel 2.4 1.2 .8 Bluespotted sunfish .6 Bluegill 1.6 7.8 5.5 Largemouth bass .6 TOTAL 2.4 2.8 8.6 6.6 20.4 Station A-3 I Chain pickerel Bluegill TOTAL
.5
.9 1.4 0 0 0 1.4 Station E-1 Chain pickerel 2.0 .4 1.1 Golden shiner .5 Spotted sucker 1.5 .6 Pirate perch 1. 0" .5 Warmouth .6 I Bluegill Largemouth bass Yellow bullhead
.5 1.0 1.8 3.2
.4 .5 TOTAL 6.5 3.0 4.0 2.2 15.7 Station E-3 Chain pickerel 2.4 6.0 Lake chubsucker .5 Spotted sucker 2.4 1.9 Warmouth .6 .5 I Bluegill Yellow bullhead TOTAL 4.8
.6 3.1 0
.6 7.1 15.0 Station F-1
- Chain pickerel 5.1 2.2 Golden shiner 1.5 Lake chubsucker .6 Spotted sucker .5 .6 Pirate perch 1.0 Warmouth Largemouth bass .5 .5 Yellow bullhead .8 1.0 TOTAL 9.6 .6 .8 4.3 15.3
_I I 4-51
I Table 4.2.3 I continued I Vinter Spring Summer Fall Total Station F-3 Chain pickerel 1.2 .4 Golden shiner .5 1.2 g Creek chubsucker .5 .6 1.8 g Lake chubsucker 1.0 .6 2.9 Spotted sucker .6 .6 Unidentified sucker .8 Pirate perch 1.0 .6 Warmouth .6 Yellow bullhead .8 TOTAL 3.0 4.8 2.0 5.9 Statiot. G-1 g Chain pickerel 1.6 .4 .6 I Colden shiner 8.2 5.2 Creek chubsucker 1.6 1.2 Lake chubsucker , 1.2 .8 4.8 Spotted sucker .5 1.1 Pirate perch .7 Warmouth 1.2 E Yellow bullhead .5 .7 3 Flat bullhead .6 1.7 Brown bullhead 1.6 TOTAL 5.8 11.4 2.4 14.6 34.2 station G-3 Redfin pickerel .5 $ B Chain pickerel 1.2 .6 Golden shiner 1.1 6.0 20.5 Creek chubsucker .5 .7 3.3 g.i Lake chubsucker 1.0 4.0 g Unidentified chubsucker .6 Spotted sucker 1.0 1.6 Warmouth .5 Yellow bullhead .7 .8 TOTAL 4.6 9.2 .8 30.0 44.6 TOTAL - ALL TRANSECTS 25.5 29.5 15.8 60.5 . I 4-52 E -
Table 4.2.4 '/ishes collected by seining during Robinson Impoundment quarterly I sampling,1976 and 1977 (number per standard haul). l Number per Haul Number per Haul 1976 1977 Winter Spring Suteer Fall Winter Spring Summer Fall _ Station A-1 ! Chain pickerel 1 3 1 1 I Bluegill TOTAL 1 4 7 5 5 1 0 1 1 5 5 2 3 Ig Station A-3
- p Chain pickerel 2 Mosquitofish 1 Bluegill 2 1 TOTAL 0 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 Station E-1 Colden shiner 1 i Redbreast sunfish 1 TOTAL 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
- Station E-3 TOTAL U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Station G-1 Redfin pickerel 1, Chain pickerel 2 1 1 1
- Golden shiner 3 2 Lined topainnov 1 4 Mosquite:ish 4 Blackbanded
', sunfish I bluespotted sunfish 5 1 2 8
- Pumpkinseed 3 Warmouth 1
"_ Bluegill 7 22 1 55 1 1
!g Redcar sunfish 1 tE Dollar sunfish 33 5 15 2 Largemouth bass 3 5 1 1 1 Swamp darter 1 TOTAL 10 59 35 0 4 81 4 3 Station G-3 I Chain pickerel Lined topminnow Mosquitofish 2 4 5 2 3 2 1 2 7 30 1 4 2 1 I Pirate perch Blackbanded sunfish 2 5 2 1 1 7
'g Bluespotted g sunfish 3 9 5 1 3 Warmouth 1 2 1 Bluegill 39 1 10 30 14 I Dollar sunfish Largemouth bass TOTAL 10 22 6
46 18 76 4 1 8 5 28 5 3 1 18 102 34 4-53
E T:213.e 4. 2. 5 Fishes collected by seining during Robinson Impoundment quarterly I sampling during 1978 (number per standard haul). Winter Spring, Suamer Fall I Station A-1 Chain pickeral 1 2 Bluegill 176 5 5.lybrid aunfisi. 1 1 Swamp h eter 6 5 TOTM, 0 178 6 8 5 Station A-3 Bluegill 2 Swamp darter 1 TOTAL 2 0 0 1 Station E-1 1 Chain pickerel Bluegill S g TOTAL 0 6 0 1 E Station E-3 TOTAL - 0 0 0 0 Station F-1 Chain pici.erel 2 1 l
=
Bluespotted. sunfish 1 Bluegill E 4 Dollar cunfish 2 E Largemouth bass 2 l Swamp darter i TOTAL 0 10 8 3 g Station F-3 Chain pickerel 1 Lined topminnow 1 1 Pirate perch 1 Blackbanded sunfish 1 Bluespotted sunfish 3 _ Warmouth 2 Bluegill 18 31 Largemouth bass 2 TOTAL 1 24 '. 3 3 I I I 4-54 , m
B I Table 4.2.5 continued Sumer I Winter Sfring _ Fall Station G-1 Redfin pickerel 1 Chain pickerel 1 1 1 g . 'g Golden shiner 1 Lined topminnow 5 1 Blackbanded sunfish 1 3 I Bluespotted sunfish Bluegill Dollar sunfish 10 26 16 1 6 4 5 2 Largemouth bass 1 6 I Swamp darter TOTAL 3 62 17 2 12 Station G-3 Chain pickerel 10 3 Lined topminnov 21 1 1 Mosquitofish 2 Spotted sucker . 1 Blackbanded sunfish 1 3 3 I Bluespotted sunfish Warmouth 1 I.uegill 25 33 10 L llar sunff sh 11 26 I La eemouth bass T0 a . L 1 1 80 9 71 8 22 9 I I I I I
.I I
I:-55
I Table 4.2.6 Fishes collected per hour of electrofishing from Robinson In:poundment during quarterly sampling, 1976-1977. Number ter ticur Number ter Hour 197t 1977 Stritt See r Tall Winter fir 13 Sue er Tay t Station A-1 Golden shiner 2 4 Spotted sucker 2 4 2 6 Pirate perch 4 Vermouth 22 14 20 2 6 6 12 Bluegill 260 52 1170 1836 58 76 136 E 5 Largemouth bass 6 2 6 Sunfish hybrid 8 Swamp darter 2 2 Yellow bullhead 2 TOTAL 314 78 1204 1844 64 86 162 Station A-3 Chain pickerel 4 2 Golden shiner 4 Mosquittfish 2 Sputted sucker 2 Pirate perch 2 2 11uespotted sunfish 4 2 2 Pumpkinseed 2 Warmouth 10 6 2 6 B19eg111 118 16 692 1260 48 110 208 Largemouth bass 4 2 6 2 2 4 Sunfish hybrid 2 4 6 Swamp darter a 2 TOTAL 133 26 900 1270 56 124 218 Station E-1 Chain pickerel 6 2 8 Golden shiner 4 Spotted s.cker 2 2 6 Warmouth 6 2 : 40 Eluegill largemouth bass 46 2 2 6 28 52 12 23 20 l g Svamp darter 4 TOTAL 32 50 10 38 52 14 62 M - Station E-3 g! Redfin pickerel 2 . Chain pickerel 8 2 10 2 Eastern uudminnov 4 Colden shiner 2 Creek chubsucker 2 3 Spotted sucker 10 10 Bluespotted sunfish 24 Redbreast sunfish 2 Warmouth 14 20 Bluegill 78 34 118 580 20 140 largemouth bass 38 40 62
$wamp darter 6 10 Tesse11ated darter 10 Hybrid sunfish ;
TOTAL 112 34 198 680 20 0 220 I I! 4-56 I. E'
I I Table 4.2.6 (continued) I Nur.ber per Hour 1976 Spring Lurg fall Nu=ber per Hour 1977 Winter $prart Sume r Tall I Station G-1 Redfin pickerel Chain pickerel Golden shiner 8 4 4 2 12 6 12 2 10 2 20 8 Creek chubsucker I 12 2 2 24 8 34 54 Lake chat sucker 4 2 2 6 Spotted sucker 18 24 8 34 8 12 18 , Pirate perch 2 Lined torninnow 4 2 I Mosquitofish Blacktanded sunfish 21uespetted sunfish Vamout h 2 54 2 2 2 16 46 4 10 36 12 16 18 Elueg411 I 20 10 6 20 18 14 Rarlear sunfish 2 6 Lollar sunfish 68 , 12 6 36 6 Largemouth bass 6 4 2 22 32 Swamp darter 2 2 TOTAL 194 58 16 162 64 182 210 Station C-3 Beviin 4 I Redfin pickerel 2 2 Chain pickerel 8 8 6 2 6 44 Golden shiner - 22 2 Dusky shiner 2 4 . Ironcolor shiner 2 Creek chubsucker 14 4 12 44 12 12 Lake chubsucker 8 2 6 26 Unidentified chubsuckers 26 I 28 Spotted sucker 8 8 4 Lined tcyminnov- 4 6 2 Mosquitefish 4 Pirate perch 4 4 14 12 12 Banded pigny sunfish 2 l BlackhanA d sunfish 2 2 4 4 4 g Bluespotted sunfish 8 2 10 60 4 32 Warmouth 26 6 4 8 2 14 10 Bluegill 34 6 12 20 2 76 16 I Dellar sunfash 44 56 2 24 4 26 2 Reda.T sunfis;i ? Largerouth hans 8 6 2 24 22 Swam; dar'.es 8 6 18 4 10 Sevcheek carter 4 I Tesse11sted darter TOTAL 172 54 94 2 252 114 170 192 I . I I I 4-57
'Y g
Table 4. 2. 7 Fishes collected per hour of electroff shing from Robinson Impoundment during 1978. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 9tation A-1 Redfin pickerel 2 2 Chain pickerel 2 2 2 Golden shiner 2 2 Spotted sucker 2 4 Pirate perch 2 2 2 Bluespotted sunfish 12 3 32 16 24 10 6 18 Warmouth 8 10 12 16 2 2 4 2 Bluegill 450 360 3431 296 1908 10 72 256 24 50 80 80
, Dollar sunfish 4 & Ilybrid sunfish 4 3 36 4 32 2 4 8 4 10 m Imrgemouth bass 4 Swamp darter 6 2 2 Yellow bullhead 2 2 2 TOTAL 478 376 3467 314 1996 12 100 290 28 82 98 110 Station A-3 American eel 2 Chain pickerel 2 2 4 Golden shiner 4 2 Pirate perch 2 2 Bluespotted sunfish 3 2 4 4 2 Mud sunfish 2 Warmouth 2 8 2 4 2 2 Bluegill 304 513 898 192 872 6 54 132 12 70 82 60 Dollar sunfish 2 Ilybrid sunfish 2 30 20 2 2 8 6 Swamp darter 2
Yellow bullhead 3 6 10 2 6 2 TOTAL 512 519 934 204 904 12 64 138 16 96 8? 74 EM M M' M M M M h M M M M M - M M M M M
'm m y -uma t__ J ~1 I W l Table 4.2.7 continued Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jan_. . Station E-1 2 fewfin 2 2 2 2 Redfin pickerel 2 Chain pickerel 4 2 2 2 Lake chubsucker 2 2 26 8' 4 Spotted sucker 4 4 2 Pirate perca 2 Mud sunfish 2 Blackbanded sunfish 4 2 2 Bluesp3tted sunfish 8 8, 4 8 8 2 14 18 Warmouth 6 346 48 78 4 122 20 14 10 8 24
- Bluegill 6 14 16 b Largemouth bass 68 42 22 158 52 80 6 0* 126 32 42 TOTAL 44 Station E-3 2 4 4 Redfin pickerel 2 2 Chain pickerel 2 Eastern mudminnow 12 2 Lake chubsucker 2 6 Spotted sucker 4 2 2 6
Pirate perch 2 Mud sunfish 24 2 Blackbanded sunfish 2 2 2 Bluespotted sunfish 4 8 18 4 2 22 94 Warmouth 10 84 4 84 330 196 202 158 108 2 Bluegill 2 6 2 4 4 Ilybrid sunfish 12 2 10 6 6 l 6 10 l Largemouth bass 4 W' 2 Swamp darter 2 4 100 26 104 272 172 140 10 94 TOTAL 34 6 222 of the electrofishing station.
*Two weeks following rotenone samplc collected from part
+ . _ _ _ _ -
Table 4L2.7 continued Sey. Oct. Nov.- Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Afr. May Jun_. Jul. A3 4 2 Station F-1 4 2 2 4 2 Chain pickerel 8 6 Golden shiner 22 Dusky shiner 2 2 2 2 Creek chubaucker 2 2 4 2 28 Lake chubsucker 2 10 12 2 2 Spotted sucker 22 6 Pirate perch 2 2 2 2 Bluespotted sunfish 2 6 2 Redbreast sunfish 14 10 12 4 2 2 2 14 12 12 Warmouth 6 34 14 16 52 18 12 16 166 82 Bluegill 2 2 2 2 Dollar sunfish 4 Ilybrid sunfish , 2 2 2 4 2 8 4 8 10 18 Largemouth bass 2 30 Swamp darter 26 52 26 20 38 4 o TOTAL 60 216 156 12 56 38 Station F-3 2 Bowfin 2 4 Redfin pickerel 6 4 12 8 4 2 4 2 Chain pickerel 4 26 2 2 24 4 Golden shiner 2 2 2 2 6 8 6 4 2 Creek chubsucker 4 2 2 6 4 14 Lake chubsucker 2 52 54 2 Spotted sucker 2 4 6 Pirate perch 2 12 2 Lined topminnow 2 6 Blackbanded sunfish 4 4 2 Bluespotted sunfish 8 14 12 6 20 10 8 4 12 16 8 46 20 Warmouth 8 34 46 10 72 l 32 294 50 22 l Bluegill 2 l Pumpkinseed 4 6 6 2 2 Dollar sunfish 2 Ilybrid sunfish 8 2 4 2 12 2 2 10 12 Largemouth bass 12 16 2 Unidentified darter 82 4 60 28 72 62 16 104 100 68 TOTAL 140 458 M M M M M M M M M M R$ M M M M M M M M
7 C Table 4.2.7 conticued Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. g. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Station G-1 2 liowfin 2 Redfin pickerel 2 6 8 4 6 8 2 Chain pickerel 14 16 6 10 6 2 Unidentified pickerel 2 Colden shiner 46 60 8 Dusky shiner 6 2 2 Lined topminnov 4 Unidentified shiner . 10 34 4 2 14 10 12 20 12 o Creek chubsucker 8 4 4 8 Lake chubsucker 8
& 8 16 2 2 8 12 8 " Spotted sucker 32 36 20 4 4 16 14 4 Pirate perch 2 2 2 4 Blackbanded sunfish 2 4 10 60 16 4 4 4 4 10 34 20 Bluespotted' sunfish 8 2 2 2
Redbreast sunfish 4 10 6 2 22 24 8 14 4 2 70 62 Warmouth 8 14 10 2 12 4 18 20 8 2 22 16 Bluegill Redear sunfish 2 Pumkinseed sunfish 2 2. 10 24 54 4 4 14 2 Dollar sunfish 58 l 2 Ilybrid sunfish 6 2 4 14 6 10 10 2 6 2 6 Largemouth bass 38 130 114 68 168 144 102 200 166 SG 130 58 I TOTAL
b Table 4.2.7 continued Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. M. 53 Station G-3 Bowfin 2 Redfin pickerel 2 2 4 2 2 2 12 4 14 6 6 Chain pickerel Golden shiner 56 22 2 2 1roncolor shinet Dusky shiner- 10 2 2 Linei topminnov 4 2 Mosquitoffsh 2 , 8 2 4 12 8 28 26 r- Creek chubsucker 4 14 2 30 4 2 2 10 32 14 Lake chubsucker 8 30 8 6 4 14 2 Spotted sucker 2 2 8 4 Pirate perch 8 4 2 4 4 4 Blackbanded sunfish 10 2 6 2 4 34 66 12 2 12 Bluespotted sunfish 38 8 2 Unidentified Enneacanthus 16 8 18 4 2 14 16 4 10 10 8 16 Warocuth 22 24 12 6 28 4 6 Bluegill 30 20 18 2 2 Redear sunfish 8 2 26 2 2 Dollar sunfish 2 8 2 18 4 2 10 4 6 2 4 Largemouth bass 2 4 4 2 Swamp darter 2 2 Sawcheck darter 2 2 Yellow bullhead 74 80 36 102 32 16 128 88 86-TOTAL 186 154 116 M M M GR M M M M M M W W W W W ES M M M
'W~ U L-J Numbers of fishes per hectare collected from coves of Robinson Impoundment during August, Table 4.3.la 1974, 1975, 1977, and 1978. Lower = A-] ; Mid = E-1; Upper = G-1; Head = G-4.
1977 1978 1974 1975 Hg Uppg Inwer y tfype r fic ad tower g IIppe r efead lower M Upper lover 12 8 19 15 12 5 tastern acdminnow 49 62 83 23 155 40 24 15 101 25 20 7 49 37 402 medfin pickerel 28 186 548 159 28 294 59 86 77 175 35 13) 308 Chain pickerel 18 48 39 ! 69 $7 358 79 74 ' Co. den shiner 9 3265 1roncolor shiner 10 12 681 Dusky shiner 12 197 322 19 66 23 25 20 371 44 59 creek chubsucker 12 35 12 22 43
.5 lake chubsucker 35 Unidentified chubsucker 488 49 24 48 9 21) 62 Spotted sucker 135 40 126 205 25 156 174 203 32 9 220 99 47 37 89 81 Yellow bullhead 85 Tadpole madton 12 238 Unident! fled madtom 44 18 4
Swampflah 156 232 4553 40 85 8 30 2456 p 25 17 40 62 72 833 185 i Pirate perch 2001 2181 88 123A 25 109 106 62 18 Liaed topelnnov 58 { tusquitotish 586 47 25 96 3260 340 592 453 24 14 7 7 201 15 17 22 25 28 58 322 flod sunfish 5 12 15 16 Banded pigmy sunfish 12 13S 151 3492 42 198 2564 173 30 465 37 274 346 74 Blackbanded sunfiss. 4606 4761 487 2670 8664 2d46 30 9524 7669 Bluespotted sunfish 2298 640 2231 1844 435 5 423 25 10 Redbteast sunfish 870 160 2( 7 4516 1740 80 42 2489 909 Warmouth 1438 860 1510 21) 613 2203 I D4 220 $339 5719 2949 858 1722 1752 3022 31508 4322 8656 12046 Bluegill 2171 882 7 34 1400 57 2192 988 Imilar sunfish 12 24 l Pedear sunfish 22 12 64 197 155 8 103 81 25 8656 77 62 195 i largemouth bass lH 12 48 19 1.'niuentified l!ybrid sunfish 49 25 4891 215 375 19 536 19 12 109 1483 339 69 947 671 Swamp darter 25 39 151 17 22 37 314 119 Sawcheck darter 48 Tessetated darter 8218 20t.89 28542 5430 2 3t,8 17564 18451 6353 93189 12058 12269 14368 9536 15379 total I \
Weights of fishes (grams) per hectare collected from coves of Robinson Impoundment during
~
Table 4.3.lb August 1974, 1975, 1977, and 1978. Lower = A-1; Mid = E-1; Upper = G--1; Ucad = G-4. 1974 1975 1977 1978 lower y gg lower y Upper lower Mid Urer IIc ad Eme r Mid gm 14ead 22 25 22 36 16 27 tastern suosinnow 544 1090 487 314 2489 79 5081 4515 197 1085 2336 518 88 1044 Redfin pickerel chain pickerel 11574 7791 3632 43504 4519 5819 3till 6023 5852 13300 24143 2223 13760 17453 642 240 376 92 155 178 Golden shiner 111 170 Ironcolor shiner 9 1156 (bsky shiner 10 12 344 8( 64 642 35 398 1599 3495 4684 1959 3730 1238 Creek chubsucker 138 283 II)0 2979 2144 9038 lake chubsucker 54 thildentified chubsucker Spotted sucker 19108 2918 33618 7639 40891 8771 a0612 127 15207 24882 ~ 924 235 209 3291 186 393 614 85 595 607 Teltow bullheaJ 2051 356 57 27 Tadpole madtom UnlJentified madtom 12 179 27 18 4 Swamptish Pirate perch 180 89 69 264 257 729" $41 883 337 3504 271 231 1344 3500 p 661 42 146 62 23 1683 1585 154 i Lined terminnow 32 8 225 15 25 69 849 120 372 149 7 7 [ nisquitoffsh tka sunfish 457 2 924 86 935 598 151 3039 523 29 2514 12 7 4 Banded pigmy sunfish $ Bladbanded sunfish 180 124 573 49 3t9 526 271 524 267 2860 264 272 3790 ! Blucsrotted sunfish 1688 271 2301 1584 1092 3067 7898 1637 4900 8926 6929 824 7541 9533 ! Redbreast sunfish 6140 855 27 ., 405 Wa rwat h 1964 1787* 15921 29798 37621 96I7 11394 204l3 15314 15648 11388 3005 18732 14924 l 31558 3562 l Blurgill 6089 5483 18671 17675 85336 3400 23065 45948 33403 2658 29916 34350 ! tullar sunfish 57 2308. 2431 7373 1609 3591 3160 ReJear sunfish 139 203 1.orgemouth bass 239 8656 388 !!320 2849 2053 7356 1637 1347 5613 4928 9 10845 3055 Unidentified I!ybrid sunfish 22 529 230 464 933 334 Swamp darter 25 12 47 657 161 32 492 239 8% 72 319 5 140 4 151 83 8 ! Sawheek dart er 84 10 7 12 1essetated darter 48 TulAL 48195 93084 42481 139831 136840 29255 119338 86205 119158 7871) 92905 42070 112529 98969 l l
1977 to 1978 Table 4.3.2 Changes in Standing-Crop Estimates for Several Fish Species f rom (Cove Rotenone Samples in Robinson Impoundment) 1977 *1978 Ave. Weight
% Change % Change Ave. Weight Weight 1977 1978 Number Station A-1
+ 23% 4.3 17.4 bluegill -68% 148.6
-50% - 62% 196.2 Warmouth Largemouth 7.8 17.1
-65% - 22%
Tot fall taxa) Station E-1
- 31%
^
8.0 18.0 Blucgill -69% 71.5 3
-8A% - 85% 76.5 & Warmouth 25.6 1.0
- Largementh -83% - 99%
- 51% 10.5 17.7 Total (all .axa) -71%
Station G-1
- 3% 11.3 15.6 Bluegill -25% 7.5
-45% + 22% 3.39 Warmouth 6.8 105.3 Largemouth -48% +705%
- 5% 5.6 6.4 Total (all taxa) -17%
Station G-4
+ 25% 3.1 34.3 Bluegill -88 % 15.7
-48% - 8% 9.0 Warnouth 36.2 37.7 Largemouth -48% - 46%
+ 26% 2.8 5.4 Total (all taxa) -35%
l ) l
. w
Table 4.5.1 Larval Fishes ICollected in 30 cm (571 p mesh) Surface Nets at Robinson Inpoundment During 1976 (Mean Number per 1000 m3). Number of replicates follows total catch ( ). Wint er ( Feb r ua ry) Spring _ Sume*r J A,uru33_[ Fall (Na vved e r ), luy _ Hlpht Thev Night luy Night Iby_ Tr ansec t A il Cent ra rc hlJae 13 66 78 O(b) 11(4) O(4) rete!Jae 66(4) 89(4) O(4) TOTAL 0(2) O(2) Transec t E Il Cent raccitidae 14 14 54 PerclJae II 59 73 Unident i f ied O(4) 8J(6) O(4) O(4) 54(2) 36(4) 59(4) TOTAL O(2) Transect C 75 . Catustomidae 21 III Hinyt rema melanope 49 124 1993 p Cent r arc h!J ae 149 < 199 40* e 62 45 e 1 posin 29 111 153 12 188* e re'a c'13a~~ /1 Et he-ost enna tsnident il leJ 116(4) 2392(6) O(4) 155(4) 29(2) 34J(4) 511(4) TOTAL O(2) l I F A shes rollec t ani in towed net s occasion. ally lucle.de juveniles asmi um.s 11 .erlu i t v6.cc laene . Ttese Indiv!Juals 1.a we f.een s emoved f rom c.at ches pe lur to tabular 1.us. l
*lteps escus esi by indiv!J .els appa ustmately 30 man TL.
l
, J( .
)_ L I l r e b m U N u n a 5 e 2 0 0 7 27 6 M H (
/
i 5 B 0 1 1 1 2 1 91 62 6 2 1 1 7 a 7 / 2 2 7 7 4 t 7 5 7 1 9 s o 9 ?' d 1 0 0 67 36 i t fS 91 34 v g 4 49 i d n 4 5 5 3 1 3 1 0 2 2 9 2 1 i n i )f S 7 7 3 2 r n o 7 e u i g; 1 9 7 s e D e t 2 0 0 g s 5 6 1 6 03 0 h v a/ 2 2 g 1 1 1 3 6 T t o c 4 T o n t L 2 . e e e c N h / 2 0 0 0 s m a c 4 n a e r tp e 3 d . f 4 4 a 7 3 0 m n) u 7 1 0 0 1 1 3 i u S 5 t/ 1 1 1 1 r e o( p y r e 4 1 1 p o mh I c a e e D t l e p y M m g 0 a 2 2 2 2 l t t l a 0 u na 's S 3 0 7 g 7 0 0 0 0 d a oc e e e 3
/ 1 1 1 s W_ l l
nl g3 l a i a n 2 0 0 m i / 0 b t S 3 s oo ( 4 d Rt 1 n
/ 00 0 0 a t s 3 22 s
awo 9 0 1 1 l e
/ 0 22 i sl 3 n
wl 3 e oo f 0 0 0 2 0 2 v u Tf 3 j es e . d n ce u r-at l i f a ct na rc i l ui u Sl ) ) ) yb 4 ne p h]0 r f t 1 t h t 4 ( O 4 ( O ( O l a l t a ir r e e f f no a se i ot N i df eo t h2. 0TN
'_b3I r e '7 ) ) )
s r a o ci eF 5 4 4 4 cr cr t_( y ( ( ( op ee a D a O O 0 s s lb ' E t e l m eh nc ou t CN d a ec w s . oe t - > e) e e s nf r h3 r p p sm o o n o n i d e d i n s ev F0 s a . l l l t o e 0 e e e e e e cm l l0 ema e ema a ' esa a d a ee l r p m a1 a d d a d a n d a i d s i m l v Aim i h o Ei m h se" Cin me h o on ce s rr me c ". e t me c c s et ae Lp t er ct t esy a"as rI. r d o A i e T L t ct t esy er ri as dc r i a t ot ct t es y rt ae r o ie s s L d o A T O sb e e i g n s sen t Ech O son t p e en ne t p ch h e s v s nt i n T nt i ne r nt i rt T 2 aaH rC C eSrt P eE aaMeL rC C P e aaHeL rC C P eE iFha i H T T T I 1 . 4 e l b a T sgw jj j , {
Table 4.5.2 (continued) Btweekly Der S sene r Qua r t e rl y Fall Ouarterly Surface Tows gg, 8-11) (Nov. 14-18) Spring Q sarterly b 573p g. 571p = 571p (Ny 30-lune 3) Hesh Net Hegh 12et Pesh Net ' g gg Q 6/22 g Night Dal Mirht Transect A Catasteeldae i Mtnytrema selenora Centrarchidae Lepnmia 26 20 14 Percidae 9 10 40 Etheastoma 16 TOTAL 25(4)- 36(4) 60 0 . 0(4) 14(4) O(4) O(4) F g Transact E cx3 Catsetomidae Hinytreme melanops Centrarchidee f.eposto 21 273 27 Percidae 52 5 6 Etheostema 6 TOTAL 7)(4) 278(4) 0 0 O(4) 27(4) - 0(4) 12(4) Transect C Catsstomidae Hinytreme melanops 23 Cent r arc hidae 6 Leposta 610 4897 2419 2596 416 4114 Percidae 74 215 242 26 10 13 4 Etheostoma 34 TOTAL 684(4) 5175(4) 2661 2622 426(4) 4327(4) 4(4) 0(4) 1 Flahes collected in towed nets occasionally include joveniles anJ esall adult specimens. These individuate have been removed from catches prior to tabulation.
- Hissing sample .
IB W M M M SE M M M M W W W W
mg g g t W M M M M M M ma m mm a e 1 binson Impoundment Table 4.5.3'Larvalfishescollectedinsurfacef1/2m571ppushnetsamplesfromRoValues represent mean of two replic during 1978 (Mean number per 1000 m ). 311' C l_ _ 2/7 _.D 2[?I _ '8 / D N D N _.___8I9 D N D I/ E N_ _ D N N D af Tamsaseet A Cent r are falJae 31 lepeels to Percidae 0 0 31 0 0 10 0 _Etheostuma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL Transact E Catostomidae Minytrema melannpa Centrarchidae 19 ispoemi n_ 9 PercAdae 0 19 0 0 0 0 Etheostoms 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL . 39 Transect F Eson 11 d c'b i_i_a7_us_ia a_ f f isif s
@ t&ttenigoncous g ysoleucus Ca t os t a*midae Hinyt re en.: melano g tkutrarctildae
'"12*_.I2 is re c o l.be 0 O O O 19 0 u feout ema 0
- O O 11 H 0 11 IUTAL
~1 Transect C 6.o n M rfnidae tot rei gonemes
] hrys..lconus tatoctuaisiae Ermyre.n
,,inytrte.
H melanops Aphtododurus cyamns (:ent r a t ch 1 1.se Enneuttat 1.**u t twat o.le.es
- l~nnerent lous glor iosus
!SMD
.la="a M L=h lepe.a s e s".issurhtrun en reeredae t a b.wa . m.
^ ~
le($alug'esi H31.8IIse o 0 37 u o a o o o f u o u o nerAL l
*H 6 u f ees- v.s I nc I
l l Table 4.5.3 (continued) t l 3/29 4/3 4/12 4/18 4[ L N_ 5/2 5/8 D N D N D N D N D O N D _M,
- Transect A Centrarchidae U*- ]
- Percidas 27 27' 15 20 159 22 Etheostoma TOTAL 0 27 0 0 0 0 27 0 15
- 20 159 0 22 Transect E Catestomidae Hinytrema melan yo 54 Centrarchidse Iepoule Percidae 130 80 59 50 29 43 M eestoma TOTAL 0 130 0 80 0 59 50 0 29
- 97 0 0 0 Transect F Esou ,
p Cambusta affinis l Notenigoneous y Chrysoleucas Catostomidse 15 92 42 Hinytrema melanors 40 9 74 2325 374 47 206 Centrarchidae 21 Leposts Percidae 19 291 21 539 519 1155 231 672 164 350 83 12 116 Etheostoma 42 64 TOTAL 19 291 21 539 519 1170 271 773 235
- 2696 54 1 59 386 Transect C Esom Cyprinidae 9 14 Notemigonecus Chrysoleucas 11 164 145 9 10 27 Catostomidae 497 370 667 1903 yt ma melanops Aphrodaderu's cyanus 10 Centrarchidae Ennecanthus chaetodon Ennecanthus glertosus 3*Fo*ss -
Lepomis gulosus Lepomis sacrochirus rercidae 51 18 870 259 530 61 210 311 10 82 81 381 Etheostoma tctelurus natalis INTAL $1 18 0 881 259 70) 61 415 320
- 307 472 743 2354
- Missing value EM M M M M M M WR M M M M M M N W W W W
M M M M ~ M M M M M M M M M m M M .M m' M Table 4.5.3 (continued) 6/26 6/6 6/12 6/20 . 5/15 5/23 , 5/JL N _., O N D N ,,,,.D N n N n N D N O Transect A Cectrarchidae 8 17 Espools 13 9 8 50 11 33 21 84 8 9 10 0 rercidae Etheostoma 50 11 8 50 0 21 8 9 10 0 33 9 8 TOTAL 88 (ransect E Catostomidae Hinyttesa melanops Centrarchidae Lepoets Percidae 9 9 38 Etbeoetesta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 38 0 0 0 TOTAL t T(ansect F Esom 19 M usie affinis
- Notestgoneous Chrysoleuces I
j Catostomidae 40 10
~Hinytress selenops 30 21 10 37 Centrarchidae 26 31 280 73 20 10 10 11 120 29 31 Legis_ 43 21 7 143 10 10 22 60 10 137 21 !
Fercidae Et heost oma 7 42 287 0 110 60 33 190 29 51 26 52 237 84 163 39 TOTAL Transect C Esox 9 M inidae 13 _Notenigoneous 32 44 10 10 84 89 160 Chrysoleucas Cntostomidae 9 Ermyton 686 95 423 31 32 601 93 i l Minytrema melanops 12 Aphrododerus cyanus 65 centrarchidae 12 Fenecanthus chsetodon Faneranthus gloriosus 5881 732 822 1169 3995 Lepowls 199 263 1567 6040 3200 8386 1326
~
1.eposts gulosus i.epomis macrochirus 160 109 31 10 44 131 860 116 128 600 1003 459 Fercidse 35 Fthevstoma 12 9 Ictaturum,natells 1,86 6002 763 842 1213 4204 1046 495 2385 6893 4921 8916 307AL 130 449 artissing value
~
B I E k N N I Q o e o o
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- ..-m42 5.
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-4
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4-72 N. (, __ _ . - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _-
J 3 (# cntrained per 1000 m ) with Table 4.6.1 Iclithyopla'kton collected f rom 11. B. Robinson SEl' intake water 30 cm 571 p mesh nets during 1976. Spring Quarterly Sampling Strumer (beerterly SempIfng 5/13 8/9 8/10 8/11 8/12 5/10 5/11 5/12 N D N D N D N D N D N D D N D N Minytrema melanops 10.1 19.y 69.7 72.7 21.7 upool. Fercidae i24.2 95.0 67.6 9.6 177.3 109.3 200.3 148.2 10.3 58.0 9.8 9.9 65.0 Unidentified 0
- 67.6 67.6 187.1 138.8 200.3 148.2 10.3 69.7 72.7 0 0 86.6 Total 124.2 105.2 b
L
" Fall Quarterly Samplina II/Is 11/16 11/17 Illi8 D N D N D N D H rercidae 132.7 40.9 Total 0 132.7 40.9 0 0 0 0 0
*No Sample l
l t . . .
= =
=a .
m . . 3 Table 4.6.2 Ichthyoplankton wilected from II. B. Robinson SEP intake water (# entrained per 100's m ) with 30 cm 571 p mesh nets during 1977. Spring Osarterly Samp1tng Winter t) arterly Samplina 6/3 5/30 3/31 6/1 6/2 2/21 2/22 2/23 N D N D N D N_ N D N D N D D N D leposts 19.8 16.9 44.9 24.8 10.8 15.4 Percidae
- 19.8
- 16.9 44.9 0 24.8
- 10.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 15.4 Total Summer Ossrterly Sampling Fall psarterly Samp1tnJ 1 t[i5 11/16 11/17 8/9 8/10 8/II II/14 N 8/8 N D N D N D M D N D D D N D p N ..
w
- isponia 48.7 39.8 10.8
,lsposte seac rochi rus 25.7 - 20.4 21.6 21.3 7.7 1.1 Percidae Unidentified 6.5
- 25.7 20.4 0 21.6 21.3 7.7 7.1 Total 0 43.7 39.8 0 10.8 0 6.5 0
)
aN Sample
Table 4.6.3 Ichthyoplankton collected from H. B. Robinson SEP intake , water (# entrained per 1000 m 3) with 30 cm 571 p mesh I net;s during 1978. I Vinter BiweekIv Samtlint 2/22 I 12/4 12/18 1/9 1/24 2/7 i Day Percidae 8.2 l Total 0 8.2 0 0 Night j I. Percidae Total 0 0 0 0
. String Veekly Sampling 3/8 3/14 3/21 3/29 6/3 4/11 4/18 4/25 5/2 S/8 5/15 5/23 5/30 Day I Percidae 32.8 41.3 15.7 9.5 I Tetal Night Percidae Total 0
0 0 0 0 37.6 104.1 37.6 104.1 0 32.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 41.3 0 0 0 15.7 0 t.5 0 0 6.6 6.6 Lee,y, Veekly samplint . Biweekly sarpling 6/6 6/12 6/20 6/26 7/6 7/17 7/31 6/15 8/30
- Day 3 Leposts 56.0 . 13.2 13.6 15.6 Percidas 40.7 20.8 13.2 6.9 Total 0 0 40.7 76.8 26.4 0 20.5 15.6 0 Fight Lepoete 7.6 58.0 13.2 Percidae 32.5 7.1 80.6 13.8 Total 32.5 7.1' $8.2 13.8 0 58.0 13.2 0 0
': .mz yell Biweekly sampling 9/11 9/25 10/9 10/23 11/6 11/20 12/4 12/18 .I- Day 1,apoete Percidae 48.5 7.5 6.6 133.7 159.5 0 15.0
%tal
- 48.5 141.2 159.5 15.0 0 Night .
~I.
Leposis 7.1 20.3 Percidae 6.5 94.2 199.8. 37.4 . 21.2 Total 7.1 26.8 94.2 199.d 37.4 21.2 0 0
*$ ample Missing I
- I I
~
I g 4 2s
Table 4.7.1 Fishes impinged on the II. B.' Robinson Steam Electric Plant Unit 1 intake screens - January, 1976 - August, 1978. (Average number and weight per 24 hours for each month) 1976 Jan. Feb. Her. Apr. Ny ' Jun. Just . Aug. Sep. Oct. kv. Dec. Circulation rumps 2 1 1 1, 2 2 1, 2 Syeetes No. Wt. No. Ut. No. Vt. No. Vt. No. Vt. No. Vt. b. Wt. No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Vt. No. Ut. Chain pickerel 2.4 588 .2 77 Colden shiner 2.3 23 Firate perch .1 1 .8 3 Bluespetted confleh ! 'Warmauth 1.3 135 ' ! Bluegill 2.1 37 19.2 121 112.2 348 79.4 267 3 Sucep Jerter .4 1 3.9 4- 11.8 29 2.5 2 I 8 Yellow bullhead 1.9 8 1.3 5 l M White catfish .2 1 .3 28 ( TOTAL 2.$ 38 0 0 *
- 2.3 23 *
- 23.2 126 129.8 1809 80 9 364 l
( '1977 l l Circulation rumps 1 Calden ahlaer .4 4 Pirate perch .4 8 .5 9-Blueepotted eunfleh 1.0 4.9 .6 2 .3 I W rmouth 1.0 292.7 .6 1 l stuegill 6.3 48 8.8 205 138.6 483 l Swtop darter * .4 1 3.1 3 .7 4 l Ssucheek darter .4 I l Yellow bullh=M .5 4 l bhite cat fish .3 6 .9 12 I TOTAL *
- 8.8 67 * *
- 10.8 502.6
- 147.4 519 *
- 1.9 12 l
*No sample IM M M M M M .m W W W M M M M M M - m, M M
M M ~M M M 'M M M M M M M M M Y M. M M M Table 4.7.1 (continued) Aug. Sep. Oct. Nv . Dec. Apr. May Jun. Jul. 1978 Jan. Feb. Mar. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 C!rculation Pumps No. Vt. Ph . Wt. No. Vt. No. Wt. No. Ut. No. Vt. No. Ut. h. Wt. No. Vt. No. Vt. Species No. Wt. No. Wt, 2.0 953 .5- 359 Chain pickeret b ,3 3g Colden shiner .5 162 Spotted sucker Fish 3,4 gy Firste perch
. Bit.espotted I" 4.0 9 2.9 8 1.0 2 sunfish .5 2 .5 114 15 Warmouth' 8**PI
- 283 33.6 407 6.9 73 1.0 2 1.0 2 .5 1.6 155 4.0 22 1.8 12 2.1 19 18.5 3 81ueatti 1.5 2 I rumpkinseed U.1 Hybrid ,.
1.0 10 .5 0
.eunfish .7 .5 1.0 2 .5 I Sunsp darter 2.1 2 .2 I 1 1
.5 I Sevcheek darter 1.0 10 Yellow bullhead *
- 45.4 1687 8.4 76 1.0 2 1.5 361 I.0 l$
3.7 157 4.0 22 2.0 13 0 0 2.8- 20 24.5 305 TOTAL
*No esmple I
Table 4.7.2 Fishes impinged on the H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant Unit 2 intake screens - l January, 1976 - August, 1978. (Average number and weight per 24 hours for each month) i l t 1976 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. _ May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Det. Nov. Dec. . Circulation Pumps 2 3 3 2, 3 3 3 3 3 3 Species No. Ut. No. Wt. No. Ut. No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Ut. No. Wt. No. Ut. N. Wt. No. Wt. No. Ut. thain pickerel .5 264 .7 388 .6 446 2.3 1625 2.8 1542 6.1 3042 1.4 642 Eastern mudminnow .3 1 Colden shiner 1.8 37 .8 5 .2 I .2 1 .3 3 5.4 22 2.8 13 Crsek chubsucker .4 15 .3 7 .2 3 lake chubeucker. .2 30 .2 ,6 .2 I p Unidentified I chubsucker .
.I I spotted sucker .5 123 Pirate perch .5 1 1.1 9 .8 8 1.1 4 .4 3 .3 3 .5 2 .3 I 81:ckbanded cunfleh .3 i Bluespotted sunflah .4 1 .2 I .3 I Warmouth .7 115 1.4 215 .5 119 .8 109 1.8 135 .9 136 Bluegill 98.5 1665 15.6 435 50.1 1818 31.4 1849 44.7 832 72.3 992 1623.5 5178 1103.3 3459 Cybrid sunfish .2 3 Bisck crapple .2 1 White crapple .2 14 largemouth base .2 1 Swimp darter .2 1 Ystlow bullhead .2 73 .5 11 1.3 5 .6 2 White catfish .3 2 2.1 42 1.6 153 .5 27 1.0 57 .1 2 2.0 225 2.0 165 TUTAL 102.4 2093 20.7 934 54.6 1402 35.7 1916 48.9 2444 77.8 2671 1641.2 8614 1811.5 4419
*No sample B
Table 4.7.2 (continued) Jan. Feb. Nr. Apr. liny _ jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nv . Dec. 1977 trculation Pumps 2 1. 3 3 1 Species No. vt. N. Ut. Isa. ' ft . Isa. Wt. leo. Wt. h. Wt. No. Wt. No. Vt. g g g g h gg g Radsta pickerel .2 11 Giala pickerel 6.) 3214 1.9 910 .4 340 . Colden shiner 2.4 30 6 3 .9 3 Spotted socker .6 114 Firste perch 1.2 18 .4 1 .3 2 Blackbanded sunfish .8 i Bluespotted 2.9
- 9 .9 2 sunfleh
.3 8 .9 46 1.1 M 7 W2rmouth 193.4 4309 1231.3 4791 301.9 17 0 9 Bluegill 121.9 940
.3 4 Pumpkinseed Hybrid sunfish
.4 4 White catfish .9 44 .3 1 TOTAL
- 126.4 1110 * *
- 205.4 7641 * .1257.8 $750 *
- 302.7 2129
~
*No sample
)
I
' Table 4.7.2 (continued)
Sep. Oct, me. Dec.
' Her. Apr. May Jun. Jul. __A=E u Jan. Fe b".
3 78
- 2. 3 3 3 1 1. 2 1,2.3 2. 3 C1'rculatton rumps 2, 3 Mo. Vt. No. Vt..
Ms. Vt. Mn. Wt. Mo. Wt. Mo. Ut. No. Wt. No. Vt. h. Wt. No. Wt. Species No. Ut. No. Vt. 1.0 556 .5 2 29 2.0 1377 3.0 1763 6.1 3086 6.1 3034 1.0 54 1.1 693 .5 267 .3 368 1.7 1516 I.0 10 diata pickeret .7 6 .2 1 Colden shiner 1.1 18 1.5 17 Creek .6 13 .2 3 1.0 55
. '#4 *fN thubeucker .5 8 *
.6 59 IMe .1 1 1.9 65 chtbeucker lbidentifled 1.0 9 .5 30 chubsucker .3 4 Spotted sucker .3 2 1.0 7 .2 1 .5 *&
Firate perch 1.I 16 1.5 14
- 7 31ackbanJed 2 1 CD sunfish 2.0 .5 3 O Stuespotted 5.4 13 11.2 31 13.2 22 1.9 6 1 1.7 3-sunfish .2 )
Mud sunfish 70 .5 42 1.3 100 2 518 27.1 608 34.2 932 Warmouth 450 185.6 1459 111.0 1130 78.9 3171 159.3 1555 215.0 2920 111.8 2542' 29.3 81-sesill 216.3 1781 ~67.0 1129 53.1 .5 6, Hybrid, 1.0 12 1.5 14 .5 15 1.0 15
. 3 2 sunfish .2 2 Black crappie .2 3 White crapple 1.0 2 ~
5 Swamp darter t,9 170 1.5 43 1.4 7 .5 3 .. 2 f .2 2 Yellow bullhead .4 21 .5 56
" 1835 28.0 847 38.2 2328 White catfish 496 189.6 1845 133.8 2864 97.5 3229 183.6 4873 22. 9 5984 116.3 2645 31.4 79fAI, 220.1 2515 70.5 1427 54.9 e
T e O
, 4 k
m e m e mm m m suur a m -m m e a CW m M_ Se
Table 4.7.3 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for differences in bluegill impingement rates among months at the H. B. Robinson Steam Electric Plant Unit 2 intake structure. I 1974 1975 1976 Combined 1974-1976 Month Month Month Month 9 8 7 <- 8 I 8 10 11
.I 9
7 3 8 1 3 9 7 10 E 7 6 - 6 1 g 12 4 5 11 1 - 10 4 6 4 - 1 2 - 4 6 2 12 I-3 12 3 2 11 5 5 2 - 4 ._____-______ - __ _ ___- - _
s- 7 U. S. t
' s
. Blat ('s ee k Transect J Station G 4 SR 346 Transt t C
/ E L E DN O
.x a Glli Nets hf E Electrofishing lm Discharge '/ D *
- Rotonone e Larvel Traps O Larve! Tows 3 Seine'
~kransectD s I
( S 151 . g
..... Transect C gn l Discherge Canal l
n-l )1 { Transect B l !i SR23 p t Tr ,ect A H. B. Robinson U 'ts 1 & 2m 1 M in Miles Transe t H I Transect K .
\
Black Creek
\
sect L lbee 4.2.1 FISHERIES SAMPLING STATIONS IN ROBIN 90N IMPOUNDMENT - E 4-82
.. . . . . . . . . .... I.
5 is - ., I 27 ~
)'
H. B. ROBINSON ROTENONE LENGTH FREQUENCY PLOTS 16 - YR=77 TRRNS=A STATION =1 SPEC 00-BLUEGILL PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH S mBOL USED IS
- I 1s 14 la PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH CONNECTING LINES USED 12 -
11 19 - O* - 5e - a,- 6 s - 4 - 3 - 9, a - \ L l
' ~
W.A %___ 2 ,......,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,....t ..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.........,..........., 1818488133884881all8Isalall18118la33288884888888338888IeIIII I l a i t t 8 S t $19 4 9 8 8 8 4 6 6 4117 0 e e s t e t t 9 i a l it 8 I 3 918 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 4 6 6117 9 5 8 0 t 6 9 i t 811114 8 8 9 9 t o t o e t 8 8 6 4 414 71 l 13 4 9 8 8 819 7 0 9 4 8 310 S t ill 6 9 3 5 41 t i tl e t 8 I e n 4,7 916 p if 41( f 4 0 6 9 3 8 61 o t tl e t t 6 81919 9 6 8 8 5 a 8 o f 9 9 6 8 8 I t 19 7 8 9 4 9 LENGTH I e - -, g H. B. ROBINSON ROTENONE LENGTH FREQUENCY PLOTS g 7 - 4 YR-78 TRANS-R STRTION=1 PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH SYMBOL USED I?
- SPEC 00-BLUEGILL PLOT OF NUM e LENGTH CONNECTING LINES USED 5 -
l. J I s - 4 , 4
=
g4 - + h }1 y
,J
,7 I ,_
E 1= ~ w, w
\ .
l g j,,,t,t,t, tit, tit,!,,i,,tet,t,tI i e,t,,,,teti,~I,,,,,,,,!,ieit,,,,,f,,,,e,i,e,t i.iseiiee*!t8 ee'! la6Ialann 1 Int 83111111414111138138833333333tatttatattstalitt 8i118 099 it e 8 i i .2 8 vitiettsitici 8 9 8 4 4 4 9 8 8 4 4ttei 4 6 7 7 t t e vets i. 9 93,9 5tt 811,A t t 8 t vetistsei itsei t t t 9 4 4 5 8 5veen 5663617, i ?54 e 0 9ti 9 9i9 iessetist 9 011. .12 3 3visist 3 A, s e e 4 a 5 5 8 6 6 4 7
.. LENGTH. . _ _ _ _.. .. , ,
Figurs 4.4.1A LENGTH FREQUEt2CY OF BLUEGILL COLLECTED BY COVE RCTENONE SAMPLING IN ROBINSON IMPOUNDMENT AT STATION A 1 IN 1977 & 1978'
- 4-83'
s- , H. B. ROBINSON ROTENONE LENGTH FREQUENCY PLOTS YR=77 TRANS=E STATION *1 SPEC 00-BLUEGILL PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH SYMBOL USED IS .-
5 - PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH CONNECTINF LINES USED I
=
I y3 -. 4 a 5 c t - ~ o -,ii..,,i .,,i,,i. ,,,i.i i,i,ii,,i,i,,,ieiii :- --- : --. ieieiiii iiiii,,, ...i I4 u . 8.......$......,,,...e..
....1118 ....... . .......i.3 .. 8. . 1.. n ,f.at..... . . .. .........,,,.... 9....................I.88.,n,....'....
. n ,.....
LENGTH H. B. ROBINSON ROHNONE LENGTH FRE0JENCY PLOTS s - YR-78 TRANS=E STAT:0N=1 SPEC 00-BLUEGILL PLOT OF NUM = LENG N SYMBOL USED IS
- L 1 PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH CONNECTING INES USED a i i 1 hI
, - .It ,
g s - 4 i. D Cs - ,
\
* \
E, - ; l
\.
- . . L.-
', l I d.
i .I .
} l.
9 siviiiiiii,,, iiiiiiiii., ii,..,ini,.iii........- - ;iii..,........i .... .. ..,
.....n..inn,.......n n e..............,,,.......!.!.!!!,!!.!.!.!!.I.j
,....... . ..... n . !!!!.!.!!.!.!.!.I4.i,llIl,iII.".
..., . ..., . .'!.!!.!.:!.'.!!'l!!!
,. . . ' ll!
'! *n,.......n,.I..'.
. Figure 4A.18 LENGTH FREQUENCY OF BLUEGILL COLLECTED BY COVE ROTENONE SAMPLING LENGTH 3 g IN ROBINSON IMPOUNDMENT AT STATION E 1 IN 1977 & 1973 4-84 g
3 to - ,
- 4. 9. ROBINSON ROTENONE LENGN FREQUENCY PLOTS
, , - ! YR-77 TRANS-G STATION =1 SPECDO-BLUEGILL PLOT OF NUM
- LENG1 SY*.BOL USED IS *
- PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH CONNECTING' LINES USED l
7 - I .- ,, w
=
h5 -
! b. _ ,
I ' - j 2 l i - .
\ l f\
( , .............,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,n n . nnun n . n. . .n. .. n n n. . . .. ,,.n.n. n,...n
,,,,,,n ,,,,,,
- n. n ,. . . ..n...
. . ! !!. ! .! ,! !..! .!..! !! !n! !,! ! .! .! ..! !;.3...
n ,... ! .! ? n; 4 ! .!n..! .! ! ! !il. ilii'. !!!. !:' ii LENGTH 4 is - <> H. B. ROBINSON ROTENONE LENGTH FREQUENCY PLOTS 18 YR-78 TRANS-G STATION =1 SPECCD-BLUEGILL
- ~ PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH SYMBOL USED IS
- PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH CONNECTING LINES USED i3 - i ia - &>
n - i to - d' 5 7L s - ,, s - 4 -, U 3 - ,, I 1 w o ii n i n i.,i n - - - , u n n o ii n i n ,, !!i n _ - =,,,,i,,,iiiii ,i,,i,i,iii.,,,,i.. i n . .an nn . nn.
,i nne n.inn n . .n. . n n.,nnn. n u. 55I. I. I. I. I ! !. ? I I, !. 55
. n. . . nn . l i l. ! ! !nn n.nn I I Inn I I I I I I I, n nn..n.. ! !. !. ! ! !. 'n , t l i. !.
. . . , , . , , . - LENGTH .
Figure 44,1C LENGTH FREQUENCY OF BLUEGIL'L CO!.LECTED BY COVE ROTENONE SAMPLING IN ROBINSON IMPOUNDMENT AT STATION G 1 IN 1977 & 1978 4-85'
H. B. ROBINSON ROTENONE LENGTH FREOUENCY PLOTS
, - YR=77 SPEC 00-BLUEGILL E PLCT OF NUM = LENGTH SYMBOL USED IS
- 5 PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH CONNtCTING LINES USED 7 -
. I 28 d
54 - ,, L3 - g c 3 - 1 - 4 +++* 0 - 6 _ _ __ s ii r i e s !, t !! ei s i t ii s ! # iii t i s t i e e i!1i!, e i t t ! s s ili e !, e t t i e s t il e ii s e ii s i s t e i t ; t s ii s i t e i . . . iii s t l
. ...ii.ini,98 .. ..........,,,........ . . i . , . 9. . t ... ., ..t ., . . ..
.! .!. .! !. .! !t.,8..
!. !. ! !. ! .! ! ! ! ! !., !.! !...t. ! .! !..t...
! ? i !. ! ! ! ! ! !
LENGTH 1
\, H. B. ROBINSON ROTENONE LENGTH FREQUENCY PLOTS l
7 - m YR-78 SPEC 00-BLUEGILL PLOT OF NUM = LENGTH SYMBOL USED IS
- PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH- CONNECTING LINES USED
& - l 1 ! . as e
i = . t. w Z j4 - 5 a. 3 - 2 - i 1- ** 1 - - ttttttttItttIsttI4*tttttiIIttIttttieiI1lttiI1lttIet ietit!1(tt IttitIiitttt Itiei eaiitttiia* IL148III113i 11 16118381888111113133222182883317, at833ft8321 5 1118 3 3 t 9 919 4 4 8 8 8 6 4 4 l ? ? 7 0 8 8 0 9 9 9 9 9 918 3 f t t t t t 14 9 8 5 8 5 6 4 41710 0 0 0 0 8 9 319 l 11I 2 I t t 1 * . *
- 15 8 6 4 6 7117 4
[ 18498401118960358141836938034193692581970809:581473343 5419?tttssseatt9:4988848*9440898a*113494 LENGTH ! Figure 4A.10. LENGTH FREQUENCY OF BLUEGILL COLLECTED BY COVE ROTENONE SAMPLING IN ROBINSON IMPOUNDMENT AT ALL STATIONS COMBINED IN 1977 & 1978 4-86 ' .
*r
1 la - > 88 - H. B. ROBINSON ROTEN0NE LENGTH FREOUENCY PLOTS l [ YR-77 SPEC 00-WARMOUTH PLOT OF NUM = LENGTH SYMBOL USED IS - s 88 - ] PLOT OF NUM
- LENGTH CONNECTING LINES USED g
I -
=
g. 7 I R m5 - 4 - 3 - <,
,F 2 -
i
' - i '
I , .... ....
...y,..............._.M...- f.,A................s............
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Figure 4.4.2 LENGTH FREbuENCY bF WARMOUTH COLLECTED BY COVE ROTENONE SAMPLING IN ROBINSON IMPOUNDMENT AT ALL STATIONS COMBINED IN 1977 & 1978 LENGTH
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I 5,0 Plankton 5.1 Introduction I Phytoplankton productivity and chlorophyll a biomass were studied in the Robinson impoundment in 1978 to ascertain the ext ent to which they are affected by power plant operation. Details of the rationale of san 2pling design and procedures are available in the 1976 Robinson 316 Demonstration (Cp6L,1976) and are not repeated here except where changes were made. I The Robinson Impoundment is unique when compared to mont natural lacustrine systema due to the " blackwater" character of the water in the impoundment and due to the operation of the. impoundment as a cooling reservoir for a power plant. The blackwater quality of the impoundment in very important since its characterintics of low pH, alkalinity, nutrients, and dark color are known to limit biological productivity (k'etzel,1975) abd therefore should be considered when I compared to most other lakes. The added impact of thermal effluent f rca the power plant is another f actor which distinguishes the impoundment from other lake systems and will be discussed accordingly. 5.2 Methods I Monthly sampics for chlorophyll a, and productivity were taken in the Robinson impoundment at A-2 and E-3 while only chlorophyll n sampics were taken at G (Figure 5.2.1). Collection of samples, I analyses for chlorophyll a_, and determination of primary productivity followed methods described in CP&L,1976. A nonmetallic Van Dorn sampler was used to collect whole water samples for subsampling alkalinity, chlorophyll a, and primary productivity. Samples were taken from surface, m, 1 m, 2 m, and 4 m depths at A-2 and from surface, m,1 m, and 2 m depths at E-3 and G. Secchi disk depth, temperature, and water chemistry samples were taken concurrently with the productivity and chlorophyll a_ sampico. I 5-1 l - - -.
M. I Statistical analyses were carried out on primary productivity , and chlorophyll a_ measurements. The Statistical Analysis System (Barr W et al., 1976) was used for analysis of variance and for Duncan's Multiple Range Test for means and correlations. Station to station differences were tested for primary production snd chlorophyll a,in 1978. Year to l year differences between 1975 and 1978 for chlorophyll n, wore analyzed also. A probabili*.y level of 5% (= = .05) was used as the level of significance. 1 No statistical analyses were used to compare primary pro-E duction between 1975 and 1978 due to changes in methods for determining E 14 alkalinity upon which the C method for measuring primary productivity is dependent. A possible overestimation of primary production occurred 12 in 1975 as a result of. overestimating the C concentration in the water. The alkalinity measurement is used to derive an estimate of the C concentration in the water. Alkalinity was overestimated in 1975 because the pH end points used in titration could not adequately measure the very low alkalinity present in the Robinson Impoundment. The titration end points were changed within recon: mended procedures (ApllA, 1976) to permit greater reproducibility and to more accurately measure the alkalinity for primary productivity measurements. Nutrient analyses were preserved only by refrigeration I and therefore may not reficct the concentrations available to the phytoplankton. Comparisons within 1978 with productivity and seasonal pattern can be made, however. 5.3 Results The water in the Robinson Impoundment was acidic (pli 4.0-5.9) and hw in alkalinity (<1.6 mg/l as CACO ) and strimt poor. SeccM 3 disk depths ranged from 0.75 to 2.5 m. Temperature on sample days ranged.from 7 C to 41 C with the highest value recorded at the discharge E-3. Data collected during 1978 are available in Tablen 5.3.1 - 5.3.2. I' 5-2
I C Integrated primary productivity in 1978 ranged from 186.6 2 mgC/m / day in October to 15.31 mgC/m / day in December at A-2 and from 97.7 agC/m2 / day in October to 8.1 mgC/m / day in March at E-3 (Figure I 5.3.1). The peaks in production were seen in March, July, and October for A-2, and in April, July, and October for E-3. Analysis of variance of primary productivity indicated a significant differenta between A-2 and E-3. Mean ennual production at E-3 was algnificantly lower than at A-2 by 43%. Thermal enhancement did occur at E-3 though in November [ and January of 1978. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation (r = .38) between station and productivity. As expected, a positive correlation occurred between season and tempera-sure (r = .51) and between sclar radiation and terperature (r = .58). I ^ Nitrogen was negatively correlated (r = .49) with season and highest concentratieno being found in winter and early spring. There was no I detectable seasonal change or correlation in phospherus concentrations in 1978. l l t Chlorophyll a_ biomass ranged from a high of 26.97 pg/l in September at A-2 to no i.. actable IcVels in October at G (Figure l 5.3.2). Mean values were 10.5 ug/l at A-2, 9.3 ug/l at E-3, and 6.70 l ug/l at G. Seasonal patterns were similar at A-2 and E-3 with lov l concentrations in March-April and August and peaks in July and l September. Low values occurre.1 in February-April and peaked in Mey-l June at G. Analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test indicated no significant difference between the stations during 1978. Correlation analysis indicated no significant correlations between chlorophyll and any variable studied.- Comparison of chlorophyll levels between 1975 and 1978 was made through an analysis of variance. - No significant dif ferences were found at A-2 or E-3 between 1975 and 1978, but a significant l difference ~was found at G between 1975 and 1978. Chlorophyll a,at G ' in 1978 was 65% higher than in 1975. I lI ! 5-3
i 5.4 Discussion Annual primary production in 1978 for A-2 was estimated to be 84.5 mgC/m / day and 48.9 mgC/m / day for E-3. These estimates are 2 substantially lover than estimates in 1975 of 494 and 230 mgC/m / day at A-2 and E-3 respectively. production for the impow dment was esti-mated to be 67 mgC/m / day based en the 1978 estimates. This is only 1/6 of the 1975 estimate. The decrease in productivity in 1978 could be due to various reasons. An apparent overcsiculation of productivity occurred in 1975 when compared to 1978 due to refinements in the chemical techniques for total alkalinity. Since the C method is 12 dependent upon calculations of the total available C pool from alkalinity measurements, an overestimation of primary production would have occurred in 1975 when alkalinity was measured to be much higher than .is measured presently through the use of an improved method. Alkalinity in 1978 is only 1/4 to 1/3 of the concentration measured in 1975 and so accounts for most of the discrepancy in primary production between yce.::. productivi y in 1978 was measurably affected by heat. The added heat at E-3 significantly reduced primary productivity of the phytoplankton present. Since similar populations of algae, based on chlorophyll a biomass, were present at both A-2 and E-3 and there was 5 no significant difference in nutrient levels, alkalinity, or light, it g can be concluded that the algae at E-3 vere stressed by.the heat, especially in the summer when temperatures were norma'.ly above 35 C. The estimated annual productivity of 67 mgC/m / day or summer everage of 93 mgC/m / day for the' Robinson Impoundment in 1978 is comparable to summer rates of 102 mgC/m / day measured in B1, Snooks Lake, South Carolina (Tilly, 1973). Big Snooks is very similar to Robinson since both have high humic acid content, with low pH and highly colored water. Both c.an be considered to be dystrophic with characteristic low productivity and nutrients. I 5-4 I-l'
.. +.. E.
1 I ; Available carbon was discussed in the previous 316 Demon-stration as possibly being an important limiting factor to primary productivity, and this concept will not be repeated here. The very I low alkalinity and corresponding avaliable carbon of the Robinson impoundment may be a limiting factor for primary productivity, and this may be a partial explanation for the low production rates. Carbon, however, is not limiting to ultimate carrying capacity or eutrophication state since only nutrients as nitrogen, phosphorus, or silica, etc. , are growth rate limiting (Schindler et al. ,1972). Nitrogen and phocphorus were in very low concentrations and may be limiting to primary productivity. A general pattern was noted where nitrogen depletion occurred during periods of high productivity. I phosphorus was always in low concentration and was likely the most limiting nutrient to production. Chlorophyll a_ concentrations were not signific:.ntly different between A-3, E-3, and G in 1978. The biomass of the phytoplankton in the lower impoundment appeared to be the same in 1978 as in 1975 but there was an increase at G in 1978. *his may be due to natural variation in the population but cannot be linked to any apparent caune-effect relationship with the information available.
.I Copper, reported to be in algasta*.ic concentrations in the Robinson Impoundment in the 1976 316 based on data from Fitzgerald (1971) is not thought to be a problem at present (Sec. 3.4.3, this report). The toxicity of copper is due to free cupric ten which humic acida are known to render nontoxic through chelation (Sunda and Guillard, 1976). The high levels -f humic acids in the water would lessen the problem of copper toxicity to the phytoplankton through natural chelation.
I 5.5 Summary Productivity in the Robinson Impoundment was low, 67 ngC/m / clay as an annual average,,but comparable to a similar body of water, Bib Snooks Lake in South Carolina. The impoundment can be considered to be 5-5
1 I l dystrophic due to the low productivity, acidic pH, high amounts of ; organic acids, and low levels of nutrients (Wetzel, 1975). This low productivity is due to a combination of low plankton populations, low i nutrient and carbon levels with a further reduction due to the heat . stress upon the phytoplankton in the discharge region. I Chlorophyll a_ biomass of phytoplankton in the impoundrent was not significantly different between the upper impoundment, discharge area, and the lower impoundment. The reduction in productivity at the discharge can be attributed to *he effects of heat. effect is most apparent at temperatures above 35 C which eccurred during This stressing I', the summer months, but enhancement of productivity at the discharge is possible during the vinter months. In general, the low productivity and biomass of phytoplankton reflect typical characteristics of similar humic acid stained or blackwater lakes in the region. l . I I l I I 1 E 1 l I I I l I I,: se ,! l
i 5.6 References APHA. 1976. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 14th ed. Arterican Public llcalth Association. Washington. 1.193 pp. I Barr , A. J. , J. 11. Goodnight , J. P. Sall and J. T.11elvig,1976. A Urcr's Guide to SAS. Sparks Press, Raleigh, N. C. 329 pp. CP6L. 1976. t I Vol. II.
- 11. B. Robinson Steam Elcetric Plant 316 Detnonst rat ion.
238 pp. Fitzgerald, G. P. 1971. Algicides. Eutrophication information program literature review no. 2. The University of Wisconsin Water Resources Center. Madison, Wisconsin. I Schindler, D. W. , G. J. Brunskill, S. Etnerson, W. S. Broecker, and T.-H. Peng. 1972. Atroospheric carbon dioxide: Its role in maintaining phytoplankton standing cropc. Science 177: 1,192-1,194. Sunda, W. and R. R. L. Guillard, 1976. The relationship between cupic . ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton. Mar. Res. 34: 411-529. , Tilly, L. J. 1973. Comparative productivity of four Carolina It: ts. Amer. Mid. Nat. 90:356-365. Wetzel, R. G., 1975. Limnology. Philadelphia. W. B. Saunders Co.; 743 pp. I I I g 48 I I
, 5-7
I I I Table 5.3.1 Mean primary productivity and chlorophyll a biomass I estimates in Robinson Impoundment during 1978. PrimaryPgoduction Chlorophyll a, (g;C/n / day) _ (un/1) Month Stations A-2 E-3 A-2 _E-3 C Jan. 23.30 41.88 20.46 17.00 Lost Feb. 31.06 24.24 7.41 14.33 2.09 March 101.23 8.07 4.58 4.07 3.41 April 100.80 80.58 9.29 3.75 2.81 May 83.46 30.67 3.08 4.40 11.92 June 48.86 31.82 12.04 5.90 18.97 July 163.44
- 79.45 11.08 14.09 5.34 l Aug. 88.61 37.45 3.89 3.75 8.40 m Sept. 126.41 95.22 26.97 14.74 7.87 Oct. 186.61 97.67 7.31 9.98 0.00 g Nov. 44.67 48.03 8.38 7.91 E.43 g Dec. 15.31 11.15 11.68 11.56 3.94 I
I I I 5-8 E,,
I ,. I I Table 5.3.2 Nutrients, alkalinity and temperature on samplir.g date in the Robinson lepoundment during 1978. Temperature NO3 -N* PO4 -P* Alkalinity Month Station ('C) _ J g/1) (eg/1) (eg/1) Jan. A-2 8 - 0.05 - 0.01 0.25 E-3 8 0.10 -O.01 0.32 Feb. A-2 7 0.20 - 0.01 0.20 E-3 9 0.14 - 0.01 0.23 I March A-2 E-3 12 13 0.33 0.33
- 0.01
- 0.01 0.36 0.0/
April A-2 18 - - 0.05 - 0.01 0.25 E-3 21 -0.05 -0.01 0.20 May A-2 27 - 0.05 - 0.01 0.15 E-3 34 -O.05 -0.01 0.22 June A-2 32 0.16 - 0.01 0.53 E-3 40 0.17 -0.01 0.86
- 0.01 0.54 I July A-2 E-3 29 38
-0.05
- 0.05 - 0.01 0.53 Aug. A-2 32 0.06 - 0.01 0.82 I E-3 41 0,08
- 0.05
-0.01
- 0.01 0.94 1.06 Sept. A-2 32 E-3 41 -O.05 -0,01 1.04 Oct. A2 20 -0.05 - O.01 1.00 E-3 29 - 0.05 - 0.01 1.60 Nov. A-2 21 -0.;5 ' - 0.01 1.02 E-3 25 -O.05 - 0.01 1.58 Dec. A-2 18 -O.05 -0.01 1.30 E-3 23 - 0.05 - 0.01 1.60
*Negrtive sign should be read as less than..
I 5-9 I .
Trenscet I I Black Creek l l SR 346 Transect G 1 1 g; l
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. SR 39 Discharge Canal j4
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& 2 to d2 P-1 2 nsect A 0 h 1 2 1 3 ran.eet H g-Scale -
Transect K Black Creek ; Figure 5.2.1 Robinson impoundnwnt Sampling Strtions for I! Primary Productivity and Benthos I 5-10 E
m m m m M m M e m e e m m m m m m m 8 N A-2 E-3 0
^
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s ,1 t 1 t t t I e i I I 1 a Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Hay <Jun. Jul. I. g . Sep. Oct. tiov . Dec. Figure 5.3.1 Integrated Primary Productivity during 1978 at Stations A-2 and E-3 in the Robinson Intpour.dmait m
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t f s t g g a g , "s/ , , , Apr. Fay Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Figure 5.32 Mean Chorophy!I a, concentration during 1978 at Stations A-2, E-3 and G in the Robinson
, impaundment s
{ MS M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M j l 8_
l I 6.0 Benthos I 6.1 Introduction The benthos, or the bottom-dwelling community, are primarily macroinvertebrates living at least part of their lif e associated with the available substrate (sedicents, aquatic plants, debris, etc.) in the aquatic environment. Since benthic organisms are less mobile and have a shorter life cycle than fish (yet longer than plankton), they are useful in detecting changes in environmental conditions with time. These organisms are also important fish food organisms and provide a vital link in the fond web of aquatic systems. The Robinson Impoundment is unique in that it is a "Llackwater" reservoir. Since there are no other benthic studies on bodies of water like it, direct comparisons of benthor, in Robint.on Impoundment to other southeastern reservoirs should be avoided. Comparisons with naturally occurring " bay lakes" are also invalid since Robinson Impoundment is man-made. Since the previous 316 Demonstration (CP&L, 1976), the benthos I of Robinson impoundment was sampled to detect changes in community Also, Black Creek was sampled above end below Robinson structure. impoundment. In studying the effect of thermal effluents on aquatic systems, it is difficult to isolate other factors that may also be affecting the benthos. Year-to-year variations in substrate, depth, meteorology and individual species variation are of ten impossible to separata from I the effects.of the discharge of heated water. 6.2 Methods 6.2.1 Benthic Organisms Benthic samples in Robinson Impoundment were collected with a Petite Ponar Grab which sampled an area 15.2 cm x 13.2 cm (6 in. x 6 in.) 6-1
I and a volume, under o timal conditiens, of 2.46 1 (150 in ). Samples were washed on station using a U. S. Standard No. 30 mesh sieve. The sample residue was framediately laced in a plastic container and preserved with 10% formalin solution. In the laboratory, each samp23 was hand sorted; benthic organisms were removed, preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol, and stored for enumeration and identification. Numbers of organisms were recorded to the lowest practical taxon with the aid of suitable taxonomic refereneti (Ross,1944; Enondson,1944; Needham & Vestf all,1954; Pa.rish,1968; Klemm, 1972; Erown, 1972; Mason, 1973; Edmunds et al. ,1976; Viggins,1977; Merritt & Cucains,1978; Pennak, 1978). g Samples from Black Creek above and below Robinson Impoundment were. collected using multiplate samplers described by Fullmer (1971). Two aamplers were used at Transects H,.1, and K (Figure 6.1). Samplers were set at each station for approximately one month to allow sufficient time for colonization. Af terwards, the samplers were removed individually (with special care being taken to collect all organisms), preserved, and returned to the laboratory for analysia. Clean samplers were returned g, to the water. E Collections since 1975 were made during 1976, 1977, and 1978. The frequency and the stations sampled varied from year to year according a to the following schedule (see Figure 6.1 for locations). Only these g, stations will be discussed. 1976 Samples were taken in January, February, May, August, and November at the following stations: A-1, A-2, C-3, E-1, E-3, F-1, F-2, G-1, and G-2. Stations H, I, and K were sampled only during January and February. 1977 I l Samplos were taken in February, May, August, and November at I Stai. ions A-1, A-2, E-1, E-3, F-1, F-2, G-1, and G-2. 6-2 E.
1978 Samples were taken in January, March, May, June, July, August, I September, and November at Stations A-1, A-2, E-1, E-3, F-1, F-2, G-1, and G-2. Stations H, I, and K vere sampled through December. Additional nonquantitative collections were made during the three-year period using benthic sweep nets and handpicking of available substrates. I Analysis of benthic organisms following identification _. included calculations of diversity (ii), using the formula presented by I Lloyd, Zar, and Karro (1968), estimates of organism densities, and determinations of taxa richness. For each level of analysis, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the log density, square root of the nusber of taxa, and divernity index value. A factorial arrangement of the data was used for analytical purposes. 6.2.2 Sediment Analysis Collection of sediment samples from Robinson Impoundment were I made during January, May, September, and November, 1978, at Stations A-1, A-2, E-1, E-3, F-1, F-2, G-1, and G-2. Two replicate grabs uaing a ~ Fetite Fonar Grab were taken at each station, with the entire sample being placed in a plastic bag for transporting back to the laboratory. The samples were frozen until analysis could be performed. The samples were dried and then ashed at 550 C. The residue
- was then sieved using U. S. Standard Sieves #8 (2.360 cm), #16 (1.190 en), #30 (0.600 un), #50 (0.300 un), #100 ( 150 un) and #200 (.075 mM .
I The data was then analyzed using Folk's statistics (Folk,1968). Total volatile solids were also determined for each sample.
.I I 6-3
6.3 Results and Discussion During 1976-1978, 14^ taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates vere collected ' Table 6.3.1). This was similar to the number of taxa collected during the 1976 316 Demonstration (135 taxa). The major taxonomic groups, listed in order of decreasing percentage of the total, include Diptera (31%), Odonata (16%), Trichoptera (12%), Coleoptera (10%), Crustacea (7%), Plecoptera (5%), Hemiptera (5%), Ephemeroptera (4%), Annelida (4%), aquatic Lepidoptera (4%), Megaloptera (2%), 1 Turbe11 aria (1%), Hirudinea (1%), Mollusca (1%). Taxa included were I from Robinson Impoundment and Black Creek and were collected both I quantitatively and qualitat.' .ly. l l l I Some taxa were collected only by qualitative means (Hemiptera and most Coleoptera, aquatic Lepidoptera and Odonata), and estimates of ! density and divers 1*. of these collections would be of little value. Since Robinson Impoundment was sampled with a Petite penar I Grab and Black Creek was ;. led using artificial substrates, different portions of the community were sampled. This makes direct cocparison of these two areas impossible, so each will be discussed separately. 6.3.1 Robinson Impoundment M E 6.3.1.1 Density Several taxa collected were considered to be dominant due to their regular collection and/or abundant numbers. These groups, along with other taxa considered important fish. food organisms, will be discussed in the following sections. I 6-4 I
. .... E.
Diptera Chironomi.iae This was by far the most abundant group of benthic organisms in Robinson impoundment. Of the 40 genera collected, 7 were Tanypodinae, 11 were Orthocladiinae, and 22 were Chironomidae. I The Tanypodinae genera most frequently collected included Ablabesmyia, Clinotanypus and Procladius. They were found at nearly all stations. Procladius was the most abundant of the subfamily. Although there were two morphologically different forms found, there has been no taxonomic resolution made of these forms. Discussion will be limited to normal Procladius forms. Population densities were sporadic from 1976 to 1978. Occasionally, as many as 327/m 2were found (F-2, November, 1977),'but at times none were' collected. I Data Suc2 mary: Procladius Hi Density lo Station: G-2, F-2, F-1, G-1, A-2, A-1, E-3, E-1 Quarter: Winter, Fall, Spring, Sumer Year: 1977 (83/m ),1976 (79/m ),1978 (39/m ),1975 (33/m ) I There were significant differences in the density v_ Procladius between stations, quarters, and years.
-I Ablabesmyia was not as abundant as Procladius, but was col-1ected at all stations. Densities varied between stations and quarters, but changed only slightly from yeer to year.
- I 6-5
Data Summary: Ablabesmyia 11 1 Density Lo Station: F-1, F-2, G-1, E-1, A-1, E-3, C-2, A-2 Quarter: Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter Year: 1976 (19/m ),1977 (18/m2 ),1978 (15/m 2),1975 (11/m )2 There is no apparent reason for the station ranking of densities g' of Frocladius or Ablabesmyia. Clinotanypus was found in low numbers at all stations and
)
1 absent at A-2. There was little seasonal or yearly variation, but i differences occurred between stations. Data Summary: Clinotanypusf Hi Density to Station: F- 1, G- 1, F-2 , E-3 , E- 1. A- 1, G- 2 Quarter: Spring, Fall, Winter, Summer 2 Year: 1975 (3/m ), 1978 (2/m2 ), 1977 (2/m2 ), 1976 (1/m2) The Orthocladiinae were represented by 11 genera with Zalutschia being the most abundant genus collected. This genus was only collected e in the upper areas of the impoundment. The larvae are general detritivores g and are typical of blackwater bodies of water. The absence of this genus in other areas of the impoundment is probably a result of the , rcduced amount of detritus. Data Summary: Zalutschia Hi Density to Station: G-2, G-1, F-1, F-2 Quarter: Summer, Fall, Spring, Winter Year: 1978 (60/m ), 1977 (30/m2 ), 1976 (13/m2), 1975 (8/m 2) l Il 6-6
I Zalutschia was found to have significantly different densities .I between atations and years, but varied little between quarters. The Chironominae was the most diverse subfemily, having genera found in all parts of the impoundment. Chironomus was the most widespread and was collected at all stations. There was statistically significant variation in populations from station to station but little change between quarters and years. Data Summary: Chironomus 11 1 Density lo
-Station: A-2, A-1, F-1, F-2, E-3, G-2, E-1, G-1 Quarter: Fall, Summer, Spring, Winter Year: 1976 (27/m ),1977 (21/m ),1975 (21/n: ),1978 (11/m )
atiin A-2 (6 m) was the deepest station sampled during the four-yer.r period. Other deep water stations were sampled occasionally but not consistently. As was found in 1975 (Cp6L,1976), Chirenomus was tnost abundant at the deeper stations with the other stations having lower population levels. Polypedilu:n was collected at all stations but was most abun-dant at F-1 and G-1. These were shallow stations with areas of numerous rooted aquatic plants. It was noted in the previous 316 Demonstration that this genus preferred littoral areas containing organic enrichment. The ranking of stations according to density of organisms does not n.ecessarily bear this out, making it unclear what is limiting Polypedilum
.I distributions.
Data Summary - Polypedilum Hi Density lo Station: F-1, G-1, F-2, E 1, A-1, G-2, E-3, A-2 Quarter: Spring Winter, Fall, Summer Year: 1977 (53/m2 ), 1976 (29/m ), 1978 (26/m ),1975 (10/m2 )
,I 6-7 1
Populations of this genus were quite variable and had signi-ficantly different densities betwen stations,' quarters and years. Cladotanytarsus was most abundant at Stations G-2, G-1, F-2 and F-1 with only occasional specimens being collected at A-2, A-1 and E-3. Data Summary: Cladotanytarsus . fli Density Lo Station: G-2, G-1, F-1, F-2, A-2, A-1, 2-3 Quarter: Spring, Winter, Fall, Summer Year: 1976 (36/m2 ),1978 (35/m 2
),197/ (28/m2 ),1975 (11/m )
This genus was seasonally variable with very few specimens beirg collected- during the sum:xr. Apparently Cladotanytersus prefers areas with aquatic plants (Beck, 1977) and submerged ;ogs. 1.ack of suitable habitat and unfavorable temperatures may have affected populations at E-3 and E-1. No change was noted between years but g significant difterences were found for densities between stations E and quarters, Culicidae R R
,Chaoborus was the only genus in this family that was collected.
Chaoborus is considered an important fish food organism because of its habitat preference, distribution rnd diel periodicity. Data Summary: Chaoborus Hi Density u; Station: A-2, A-1, G-2, F-2, E-3, F-1, G-1, E-1 Quarter: Summer, Fall, Winter, Spring 2 2 2 Year: 1976 (32/m ),1978 (25/m ),1977 (14/m ),1975 (14/m ) I 0-8 E'
l fx The diel habits of Chaoborus being planktonic at night and .I- benthic by day was previously recorded (CP&L, 1976). Changes in popu-lation densities varied between years, but there appears to be no reason for these changes. The greatest populations were found at the deeper stations, A-2, A-1, G-2, F-2, which vary f rom 8 m to 2 m in de.pth, respec'.ively. Station E-3 densities appear to be affected by discharge turbulence and elevated temperatures even though it is 2 m deep. The other stations, F-1, G-1, E-1, i
- lower densities and are 1.5 m deep.
The preference of Chaoborus f. A aeeper stations and the greater I densities found m v4 data. the suu and fall is consistent with previous I Ephemeroptera Ephemeridae Hexagenia was the most common mayfly collected. No nymphs were found in the lower part of the lake (A-1, A-2, E-1, E-3). I Hexagenia, as' previously recorded (CP&L,10'6), prefers undisturbed sediments with a DO greater than 0.8 mg/1, the ststic.., at Transect A v had sediments of coarse to medium ss 3 (see sediment analysis, 6.4.1.1) I which appeared too coarse for Hexagenia. Station E-1 was also coarse sand and may have had i.he saiae effect. Although Station E-3 had sedi-ments of finer grain size, the turbulent currents may have limited populations since many species of Hexagenia can tolerate temperatures up
':o 30 C (Hubbard and Peters,1978). This genus has a one-year life cycle, so any unfavorable change in the environment (sudden change in temperature, DO, etc.) would eliminate populations without a chance to recever until recolonization by the next generation or later etaerging adults.
I Data Summary: Hexagenia Hi Det.sity to Station: G-1, G-2, F-2, F-1 Quarter: Spring, Winter, Fall, Su=mer 2 2 2 Year: 1977 (23/m2 ),1975 (20/m ),1978 (13/m ),1976 (11/m ) I 6-9
. T('
I There was variation found in densities when comparisons were made betweet. stations, months and years since 1975. Even though there were these. differences in densities, consistently lower populations were found during late summer and fall. Trfchoptera Polycentropodidae g 3 Several genera of caddisflies were collected but the most abundant was Polycentropus. This genus prefers i.n. tic waters. It was most abundant in shallow water (F-1, G-1). Dennties at E-3 and E-1 may have been lower for several reasons. The turbulent water at E-3 and the lower nunber of prey organisms at both E-3 and E-1 may have resulted in lower densities, although elevated temperatures cannot be ruled out. Data Summa'ry: Polycentropus Hi Density Lo , Station: F-1, G-1, F-2,.G-2, E-3, E-1, A-1 Quarter: Fall, Summer, Spring, Winter 2 Year: 1978 (51/m ).1976 (34/m ),1977 (8/m ),1975 (5/m ) E Station F-1 densities were almost twice than any.other stattun, and there was l'ittle seasonal fluctuation'in numbero collected. Neureclipsis was occasionally found in the discharge area. This genus prefers lotic water (Harris and Lawrence, 1978) and was 5 collected during periods of lower discharge temperature. Leptoceridae I Oecatis_ was collected regularly but in lower numbers. Analysis was not done on densities of this genus, although it was found through-out the impo mament and preferred areas with less silt. 6-10 I W
l I Oligochaeta Oligochaeta (worms) were collected at all stations. This is a I very large group, and for the efficient use of time, was not identified further. It is recognized that these diverse organisms have their own specific preferences and tolerances, sa data presented here will be of limited value. Data Su= mary: Oligochaeta I Hi Density to Station: F-2, F-1, G-2, G-1, A-2, E-3, E-1, A-1 Quarter: Sur.2er, Fall, Winter, Spring 2 Year: 1977 (161/m ),1976 (154/m ),1975 (116/m ), 1978 (58/m ) Overall Impoundment Densities Overall densities for all organisms collected were signifi-cantly variable from station to station and year to year, but the difference between quarters remained about the same. Yearly changes show greater levels in 1976 and 1977, with lower densities in 1975 and I 1978. Figures 6.3.1 and 6.3.2 illustrate the quarterly changes in density from 1975 through 1978. Data Summary: Overall Impoundment Densities _ I El Density lo Stations: G-1, G-2, F-2, F-1, A-2, A-1, E-1, E-3 Quarter: Spring, Fall, Summer, Winter 2 Year: 1976 (538/m ), 1977 (503/m ),1978 (484/m ),1975 (361/m ) Station densities shew greater numbers in the upper areas of I the impoundment (G-1, G-2, F-2, F-1) where there are numerous aquatic plants, submerged logs and stumps. These additional habitats offer more areas for benthic organisms to find food and shelter. The lower ranking of Stations E-1 and E-3 may be a result of elevated discharge temperatures, but other ecological and environrental changes cannot be overlooked. 6-11 I
I 6.3.1.2 Taxa Richness I' The number of taxa at each station was found to be quite j variable with differences also being noted between months and years. ! Data Surur.ary: Taxa Richness Ei Taxa Richness lo Station: G-1, G-2, F-1, F-2, A-1, A-2, E-3, E-1 Quarter: Sprir g, Winter, Fall, Summer Year: 1976 (8 tana),1977 (7 taxa),1975 (7 taxa), 1978 (6 taxa) Station G-1 hed the greatest number of taxa (11) which was nearly four times the nuruber of taxa at E-1 (3). The ranking of stations shows the largest number of taxa at the stations with the least increase in temperature over ambient (G-1, G-2, F-1, F-2) followed by the deeper stations near the dam (A-1, A-2). The position of Station E-1 . most likely is a result of poor habitat, wave action, as well as elevated temperatures. Station E-3, in the discharge, is ranked ahead of E-1 because of the increased biological activity during cooler months. _ Figure 6.3 is a comparison of taxa richness by quarters from 1975 to 1978. 8 The seasonal variation may be a result of field equipment 5 collecting larger instars of smaller species that are preparing to emerge af ter overwintering. Wint" (6) e -d fall (6) taxa richness were the same, but summer (5) data showed a decrease in the number of taxa collected in spring (8). I 6.3.1.3 Diversity The use of the Shennon-Weaver diversity index (d) to evaluate I benthic community structure has many uses, but the interpretation and use of these values must be handled carefully. The use of a diversity index value in this report is merely a way of comparing relative change 6-12 I E E
over 16e and direct comparison with studies from other lakes should be made with axtreme caution. r The diversity index values have b;an quite varied since 1975. Figures 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 illustrate the diversity values by quarters from 1975 to 1978. An ANOVA was used to compare station values from four seasonally different times of the year and a wide range of values were found when comparing data from year to year, conth to month and station ! to station. A summary of diversity index values follows: Hi Diversity Lo , I Stations: G-1, F-1, G-2, F-2, A-1,.E-3, A-2, E-1 ! 3 Quarters: Spring, Winter, Fall, Summer ) Yetae: 1976, 1977, 1975, 1978 The ranking of the stations follows what would be expected for I Robinson Impoundment. Stations G-1 and F-1 (1 m depth) had large areas of rooted aquatic plants which provide increased nutrients and habitats.
)
Stations G-2 and F-2 were deeper (2 m) and had large areas of submerged roots and logs but lacked the extensive vegetation. Station A-1 (3 m) I had a sand bottom with various amounts of debris and no vegetation.
]
Station E-3 (2.5 m) was the discharge utation. Its overall ranking is probably a result of increased biological activity during cooler months as well as the increased flow, rooted' plants, and organic content of the ! sediments. This station also had depressed diversity values during late summer. Station A-2 (8 m) was the deepest station, which may account for the lower diversity values. Station E-1 had the lowest values. This station was across the impoundment from the discharge and was approximately 1 m deep. It had a sand bottom that was well washed from wave action (see sediment analysis, 6.3.1.4), and had little or no submerged logs or vegetation. 6.3.1.4 Sediment Analysis Robinson Impoundment is located on the boundary between the Carolina Sandhills and the Upper Coastal Plain. The soil in the atea of 6-13
4 1 the impoundment is composed mostly of sand which is also the predominant substrate type on the bottom of Robinson Impoundment and areas of reduced flow in Black Creek. Sand is typically well drained and low in fertility. Crain Size Distribution Mean particle size, expressed as mean phi (0) value, ranged from a low of 1.42 (approximately 0.35 mm) at E-1 to a high of 3.12 (approximately 0.115 mm) at E-3 (Table 6.2). This indicates the sedi-ments of Robinson Impoundment vary only between medium sand and very fine sand (Tabic 6.3.2) . , All transects appear to be similar in median grain size, except Transect E, which is represented by the upper and lower extreme phi velues. At E-1, the samples were taken at a depth of 1.0-1.5 meters I and were approximately 4 meters from shore. Wave action at this depth l can cause smaller size particles to wash out of the cediments. At E-3, ! which is at a depth of 2.5 m and equidistant of each side of the dis-charge canal as it enters the impoundment, other factors must be considered. When warm water enters the lake, it floats over cooler water, which is closer to the substrate, and loses velocity due to dispersion. This actG n causes smaller particles which are picked up by the turbulent flow of the canal to be deposited in the area of the impoundment near the discharge, reflecting in a smaller mean particle M size for E-3. 5 All samples.were poorly r.orted (heterogeneous grain size distribution) .and had skewness and kurtosis values which indicate the distribution of particle sizes were nearly symmetrical (a bell shaped curve). When classified by Folk's textural description, most stations were slightly gravelly, muddy sand or slightly gravelly sand except E-3 which was usually silty sand. The percentage of silts and clay in Robinson Impoundment ranged from an annual mean of 9.08% at A-2 to 34.79% at E-3. The overall levels of silts and clay in Robinson impoundment indicated a p l I 6-14 , k
l
.I icw rate of sedimentation. This veuld be expected from a reservoir on a stream that drains heavily wooded swampland.
Total Volatile Solids The total volatile solids (as % carbon) of the sediments at celected stations in Robinson impoundment is given in Table 6.3. j Stations E-1, E-3, F-2, and G-2 were the only ones with a significant relationship between %C and % silt and clay in the substrate. The [ discharge eren (E-3) showed high levels of organic matter during January and low levels during November. This was probably due to the warm water during January promoting biological activity in that area. During l November, there was not the decrease in water temperatures seen in l previous years which may have kept conditions for plants and animals i unfavorable, resulting in a low %C. Other areas of the impoundment appeared to be affected by seasonal cycling of animals and plants. At Stations E-1, E-3, F-2 and G-2, the %C was found to increase with an increase in % silts and clays. 6.3.2 Black Creek I Ey using artificial substrates to sample.the three Black
- Creek stations ('i, I, K), the organisms collected represent the " snag" community, or those organisms that attach to submerged sticks and other debris in the flow of the creek. The snag community is the most important source of secondary production in blackwater streams where the substrate is either too hard for organisms to penetrate or constantly shifting, making it too loose for mest benthic species. The~ snags are colonized I mostly by organisms drifting downstream or oviposition directly onto subetrates. The species collected from Black Creek during 1978 are listed in Tabic 6.1.
j . j 6-15 I
6.3.2.t Density l The density of crganisms was as follows: I H K I 2 2 1975 149/m 254/m 437,2 2 1978 474/m 676/m 100/m These estimates use data from May through December of each year because of lack of data for the other months. The higher density at Station H, it:: mediately below the impoundment, would be expected because of the high levels of organic and detrital matter in the outfall. This provided a food source much greater than would normally be found in Black Creek (Spence and Hynes, 1971). The community at this station was dominated by filter feeding organisms, mainly Hydropsyche and Neureclipsis. Station I, above the impoundment, had greater densities than Station K, downstream. , This difference may be due to elevated temperatures or availability of food downstream since other environmental conditions appeared to be similar, except for a possible it crease in organic matter at Station K. Hydropsyche and Neureclipsis reached greatest densities during late spring and summer. Their densities dropped during winter then the total organism density was lowest. 5 6.3.2.2 Taxa Richness analysis of he number of taxa collected in 1978 indicates little change from 1975. The mean annual number of taxa was as follows: I E K 1975 11 5 7 1978 9 5 8 The lower number of taxa at Station H probably reflects the effects of increased organic matter and elevated temperatures coming out 6-16 [ u
of Robinson Impoundment. Analysis also showed differences in number of taxa betvern months and transects for both years indicating the fluctuation in populations occurring at these stations. 6.3.2.3 Diversity Two stations in Black Creek, H and I, exhibited an overall decrease in diversity from 1975 to 1978, while Station K remained about the same. I The ennual mean diversity index values were: I H K 1975 2.77 1.54 2.14 1978 2.00 1.11 2.16 In 1975, all three stations showed a significant difference in values, while in 1978,_ Stations 1 & K had values that were similar but Station H had a lower diversity value. Diversity values for the same month for each year were quite variable and no seasonal trends were evident. 6.4 Conclusions 6.4.1 Black Creek The effects of Robinson Impoundment on the benthos of Black Creek was limited to areas immediately below the outfall. The increased organic matter and warer temperature at Station H as compared to Station I appear to have eliminated certain groups of intolerant organisms (most Plecoptera (Surdick and Gaufin, .1978), most Ephemeroptera, and some Diptera), with an increase in the total density of organisms. This increase in the amounts of organic matter and detritus coming out of the impoundment favored large numbers of filter feeding organisms, especially Hydropsyche and Neureclipsis. The fauna at Station K was beginning to resemble the fauna at Station I by having P3ecopteta bedi nning to appear as well as certain Chironomidae. Although the I l 6-17
I overall density was lower, the species assemblage was more diversc at Station K than Station H. 6.4.2 Sediment Analysis Analysis of Robinson impoundment sediments indicates a relative uniform particle size distribution with limited areas varying in compo-sition. The current velocity and dispersion action at the discharge, along with wave action in shallower areas, ap,1ar to have the greatest impcet. Periodic flooding also introduces sediments into che impound-ment, but due to the nature of the Black Creek headwaters and low agricultural activity around the impoundment, flooding probably har little effect on sedimentation. There was little or no relationship found between density of organisms and sediment grain size or tota'. volatile solids. 6.4.3 Robinson Impoundment I The distribution and abundance of benthos in Robinson I Impoundment is affected by many factors. Various chara:.teristics of the impoundment must be considered in analyzing benthic communities. The upper area of the impoundment (north of S.R. 346) has numerous areas of aquatic plants and submarged and floating logs. The variety of substrate types and the increased amount of available nutrients favored , greater densities of organisms with greater species diversity indicatirg l a "well-balanced" community (Boyd,1971) . Most areas in the 1cuer part of the impoundment were devoid of aquatic plants and other submerged debris except for limited areas along' parts of the shoreline. This, along with the greater depths, was less f avorable to many species and provided suitable conditions for only a limited fauna. Density, taxa richness and diversity were consistently lower in this part of the impoundment. The species composition was dominated by various species of Chironomidae. This is a very diverse group and has species that can tolerate a wide range of conditions. Their short lif'e cycles and high fecundity make them an important food source for fish. Alsc, their I 6-18 E E
'I ability to recolonize an area maker them important in the early recovery l of areas that have received environmental stress. Other important benthic groups, auch as caddisflies and mayflies, have species that l I require one year to complete their life cycle and, therefore, require longer to repopulate a stressed area. The comparison of density, taxa richness and diversity during the 1975 to 1978 period indicated 1976 and 1977 ranked higher than 1975 l and 1978. Even though there was variation between years, analysis l showed little difference between 1975 and 1978 except during November 1978, when samples shoved a statistically significant decrease in density, taxa richness and diversity below November, 1975, levels. l I During the late summer and early fall, there were depressions I of the benthic community in areas of the discharge. These depressions appear to be related to the elevated temperatures of the thermal effluent, especially in 1978 (see Figure 3.2.3.9). Ambient impoundment temperatures reach their annual peak during the late summer, and when this is combined with the heated effluent, impoundment temperatures reach their highest levels of the year. In 1976 and 1977, discharge temperatures began to decrease in early fall, but in 1978, because I there was not a Unit 2 outage, the temperature remained higher into Novembar. These varmer water temperatures appeared to have caused a l decrease in benthic communities at most stations, especially Station E-1 and Station E-3. I 6.5 Summary I Benthic organisms were coll 3cted at se?ected stations in Robinson impoundment (Table 6.3.1). Dominant taxa (Chironomidae, I Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Oligochaeta) were evaluated. Other taxa were not collected in sufficient quantity to, merit detailed I consideration. I I 6-19
i I Sediment analysis was performed to characterize sediment-particles and to evaluate bentnic communities with respect to sediment composition (Tables 6.2 and 6.3). Diversity indices (Figures 6.4.1 and 6.4.2), densities I (Figures 6.2.1 and 6.2.2), and taxa richness (Figure 6.3) were calculated to obtain information on benthic community structure. Analysis indicates benthic communities appeared to be relatively consistent over the last three years, except in areas near the discharge. There has been an cverall decrease in the number of individuals and diversity index values during 1978 as compared tc, 1975. Although.other factors are difficult to separate, data suggests that the depression of organism density and diversity was a result of the thermal effluent during the summer months. I I-I B I I I I I I 6-20 E
i 1 6.6 References Beck, W. M., Jr. 1977. Environmental Requirements and Pollution l Tolerance of Common Freshwater Chironomidae, U.S. E.P.A. l I 600/478062. Brown, H. P. 1972. Aquatic Dryopoid Beetles (Coleoptera) of the United l 1 l States. Environmental Protection Agency. 82 pp. I Boyd, C. E. 1971. The limnological role of aquatic macrophytes and l their relationship to reservoir management. In Reservoir Fisheries I l and Limnology. Spec. Publ. No. 8.. Amer. Fish. Soc. Wash., D. C. Carolina Power & Light Company. 1976. H. B. ;obinson Steam Electric Plant 316 Demonstration. I Edmondson, W. T., Ed. 1944. Freshwater biology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., i New York. 1248 pp. 1976. ';he Mayflies j Edmunds, G. F., Jr., S. L. Jensen and L. Berner. of Ncrth & Central America. Univ. of Minn. Press. Minneapolis. Tolk, R. L. 1968. Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Hemphill'r Austin, Texas. 159 pp.
-I Fullmer, R. W. 1971. A comparison of macroinvertebrates collected by basket and modified multiple-plate samplers. J. Water Pollution Control Fed. 43(3):494-499.
Harris, T. L. and T. M. Lawrence. 1978. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Trichoptera. U.S. E.P.A. 600/4-78-063. Hubbard, M. D. and W. L. Peters. 1978. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Ephemeroptera. U.S. E.P.A. 600/4-78-061. Klemm, D. J. 1972. Freshwater Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinae) of North America. Environmental Protection Agency. 53 pp. Lloyd, M., J. H. Zar, and J. R. Karro. 1968. On the calculation of information - theoretical measures of diversity. Am. Mid. Nat. 79(2):257-272. l 'I Mason, W. T. 1973. An introduction to the identification of Chironomid larvae. 'Mvironmental Protection Agency. 90 pp. E Merritt, R. ad K. W. Cu:=nins , eds. 1978. An Introduction to the
- Aquatic Insects of North America. Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA.
Needham, J. G. and M. J. Westfall, Jr. 1954 A Manual of the Dragon-flies of North America. University of California Press. Berkeley. I l 1 , I lI 1 6-21 l
I Parrish, F. K. 1968. Keys to the water quality indicative organisms of the Southeastern United States. Environmental Protection Agency. 195 pp.
'Pennak, R. W. 1978. Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons. N. Y.
Ross, H. H. 1944. The Caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois. , Bull. Ill. Natural History Survey 23:1-326. Spence, J. A., and H. B. N. Hynes. 1971. Differences in benthos upstream and downstream of an impoundment. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Cd. 28:35-43. Surdick, R. F. and A. R. Gaufin. 1978. Environmental Requirements and g Pollution Tolerance of Plecoptera. U.S. E.P.A. 600/4-78-062. E Wiggins, G. B. 1977. L Sf the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera). Uris ato Press.- Toronto. I I I 5 I I IL I I I-6-22 B
muuuuuu6ummuuuuuuuuuuuu m inuu m iu u 'pp . . . . I I Table 6.3.1 Robinson Impoundment and Black Creek Benthic Taxa List 1976-1978 Collection Stations I Robinson Impoundment Black Creek Platyhelminthes Turbellaria I Planariidae _Dugesia sp. A-1, F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 H, I Nematoda all Annelida all Oligochaeta I all Lumbriculidae F-2, G-1 Naididae Vejdovr.kyella sp. G-2 I Hirudinea Tubificidac Erpobdellidae all Erpobdella sp. A-1, A-1, E-3, G-1 Arthropoda Crustacea I Cladocera Copepoda E-1, E-3, F-1, F-2, G-1 A-1, A-3, E-3, F-2 Branchiura I Amphipoda Argulus sp. Talitridae A-1 Hyalella azteca E-3, F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 I, K I Gammaridae Gammarus sp. F-2, G-2
~
Decapoda Astacidae Procambarus acutus acutus, A-1 I Palaemonidae Palaemonetes,kadiakensis' F-1, G-1 Arachnoidea I Water mite sp. F-1 Insecta Collembolt F-1, G-1 Ephemeroptera Baetidae I Baetis sp. Ephemerellidae Ephemerella sp. A-1, E-3, F-1 I I I Ephemeridae Hexagenia sp. Heptagen11dae F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 I 6-23 I
I Tabic 6.3.1 (cont'd) Collection Stations gbinson Impoundment Black Creek Leuctridae Leuctra sp. I g Perlic'ae g Aeroneuria sp. G-1 all Phasganophora capitata I Perlesta placida H, I UID Perlidae K Hemiptera l Gerridae 5 Gerris sp. K Belostomatidae g Pelostoma sp. G-1 g Nepidne Ranatra sp. G-1 Naucoridae Pelocoris sp. F-1, E-3 Corixidae Hesperocorixa sp. G-1 g Notonectidae 5 Buenoa sp. G-1 Notonecta_ sp. E-1, F-1, G-1 Megaloptera Sialidae Sialis sp. G-2 Corydalidae Corydalfs eornutus I E Trichoptera l Philopotamidae Chimarra sp. I Polycentropodidae Neureclipsis sp. F-1 all Nyctiophylax sp. I Phylocentropus sp. F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 K Polycentropas sp. all all Hydropsychidae Cheumatopsyche sp. I g Hydropsyche sp. G-1, G-2 all 3 Macronema sp. all Hydroptilidae g Oxyethira sp. E-1, F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 I g Phryganeidae Agrypnia vestita G-1, G-3 Brachycentridae Brachycentrus sp. H, I 6-24 I E.'
E Table 6.3.1 (cont'd) Collection Stations Robinson Impoundment Black Creek Limnephilidae I Pycnopsyche sp. Sericostomatidae Agarodes sp. 1 K I Molannidae Molanna sp. Calamoceratidae F-1, F-2 Anisocentropus pyraloides I Leptoceridae Ceraclea sp. I Oecetis sp. all all Lepidoptera Pyralidae Eoparargyrar tis irroratalis F-1, G-1 I Munroessa gyralis Munroessa icciusalis Parapovnx allionealis G-1 G-1 G-1 Parapoynx maculalis Gl Celeoptera Gyrinidae
.I Dineutus sp.
_Gyrinus sp. E-1, F-1, G-1 E-1, F-1, G-1 H, I H Haliplidae Haliplus G-1 Dytiscidae Bidessus sp. K
; Coptotomus_sp. E-3 K Cybister_ fimbriolatus G-1 Hydaticus sp. G-1 K ,
I H_ydroporus sp. Hydro;.hilidae Berosus ap. G-1 E-1 Elmidae
'I Ancyronyx variegatus Stenelmis sp. A-1 H, I I, K UID Elmidae 7.
I Chrysomelidae Donscia sp. Helodidae G-1 A-2 Diptera Ptychopteridae Bittacamorpha_sp. E-1 Culicidae
~I Chaoborus sp. A-1, A-2, E-1, F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 6-25 I
I Table 6.3.1 (cont'd) Collection Stations I Robinson Impoundment Black Creek . Ceratopogonidae Bezzia/Probezzia sp. all I g Simul 11dae Simulium sp. 3 I Chironomidae Tanypodinae Ablabesmyia sp. all Clinotanypus sp. A-1, E-1, E-3, F-1, all F-2, G- i , G-2 Coelotanypus sp. F-1, F-2 Conchapelopia sp. E-2, G-1, G-2 I, K Procladius ep. all all g Tanypus sp. F-2, G-1 I g Zavrelimyia sp. F-2 Orthocladiinae-Corynoneura sp. E-3 I, K Thienemaniella sp. G-2 I, K Cricotopus sp. E-3, F-2, G-2 all Eukiefferiella sp. E-1 I, K Heterotrissocladius sp. F-2, G-1 I, K Metriocnemus sp. all ell Orthocladius sp. A-1, G-1 H Paracticotopus sp. E-1 I, K Psectrocladius sp. E-1, F-1, F-2, G-2 all Trichocladius sp. A-1, E-1, E-2, 1-1, all F-2, G-1, G-2 Zalutschia sp. F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 I Chironominae Chironomini 8 Chironomus sp. all all l Cryptochironomus sp. all all _Cryptotendipes sp. F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 Glyptotendipes sp. F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 H Leptochironomus sp, E-3, F-1, F-2,-G-1, G-2 Microtendipes sp. E-1, F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 all Parachironomus sp. F-1, G-1, G-2 I, K P qcladopelma sp. P_ slauterborniella sp. F-1, G-1 Totatendipes sp.
.Phaenopsectra sp.
F-1 1 g G-1 K g Polvpedilum sp. . all all Pseudochironomus sp. E-1, F-1, G-1, G-2 I Stene,chironomus sp. F-2 K Tribelos sp. A-1, A-2, E-3, F-1, G-2 K Xenochironomus sp. F-2 Chironomini sp. A (Roback) G-2 Chironomini sp. B (Roback) G-2 1 6-26 i
I Table 6.3.1 (cont'd) I Collection Stations Robinson Impoundment Black Creek Stenonema sp. E-1 H, I I' Leptophlebiidae Leptophlebia sp. G-1 G-1 I Paraleptophlebia sp. G-1 Odonata Zygoptera Coenagrionidae I Argia sp. Enallagma sp. G-1 I, K Lestidae I Lestes sp. Anigepterc Gomphidae G-1, E-1 I Dromogomphus amatus Gomphus villosipes Gomphus sp. G-1 G-2 K Progomphus obscurus I Aeshnidae ' Anax j unius E-3, G-3 Basineschna janta G-1
.I Boyeria vinosa Coryphaeschna ingens Macrom11dae G-1 G-1 H, I Didymops transversa F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 B Macromia illinoiensis G-1 Corduliidae Epicordulin princeps G-1 I Tetragoneuria sp. G-1, E-1 B Libellulidae Celithemis sp. F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2 I Erythrodiplax minuscula' Ladona deplanta Libellula sp.
F F-1 K K Fachydiplax longipennis F-2, G-1
.I Plathemis lydia Tramea carolina G-1 K
Orthoptera Gry11otalpidae Neocurtilla hexadactyla E-1 Placoptera Pteronarcidae I Fteronarcys dorsata H, I Taeniopterygidae Tacniopteryx sp. I, K l 6-27
4 I Table 6.3.1 (cont'd) Collection Stations Robinson Impoundment Blsck Creek Cladotanytarsus sp. A-1, A-2, F-1, G-1, G-2 Micropsectra sp. A-1, F-1, F-2, G-2 r.ll g Rheotanytarsus sp. F-2, G-1, G-2 I, K W Tanytarsus sp. all all Mollusca Pelecypoda Sphaeriidae F-1, F-2, G-1 I I I l 8 I 5 I I I I Ir 6-28 al
~
l
I I Table 6.3.2 Mean Phi ($) Value of Sediment Analyzed from Robinson Impoundment, 1978 I May Sep. Nov. Station Mean Station lan2 Al 2.25 2.22 2.39 1.75 2.15 A2 2.16 2.02 0.92 1,42 1.63 El 2.10 1.34 1.38 0.84 1.42 E3 3.45 3.71 2.88 2.42 3.12 F1 2.05 1.99 1.85 2.68 2.14
/2 2.35 1.83 2.36 2.72 3.32 G1 2.69 2.65 1.51 2.35 2.30 G2 2.60 3.29 3.17 2.00 2.67 I Gravel Very Coarse Sand Coarse Sand Medium Sand Fine Sand Very Fine Sand Silt &
Caly
-1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 g
I I e B I I I 6-29
. . _ = .-
Al ed Table- 6.3.3 Total Volatile Solids (% Carbon) of Sediments from Robinson Impoundment, 1978 I Station Station Jan. May Sep. Nov. Mean Al 2.22 10.-67 2.75 2.00 4.41-A2 16.37 5.70 1.85 2.11 6.51 El 8.45 2.78 3.36 0.96 3.89 ' E3 2 3. ')3 22.74 11.95 1.47 14.80 F1 7.36 3.45 2.56 4.45 4.46 F2 11.63 9.95 8.29 11.78 10.41 G1 4.16 4.5I 2.78 6.33 4.45 , l G2 18.96 17.37 21.52 3.27 15.28 Monthly ) Mean 11.52 9.65 6.88 4.05 Il'l
=
E; I I I I I 6-30 I E
m m M M m' W mm m m m m' W W mm e e e i I I 2000 1750
+
A-1 --- -. .- . A- 2 j . . - - -- - . {1500 , _ E-l ' [ . ,g
% , E-3 *- - - -
. ,i s, 8 :
~- 1250 *
- i y .,
I \ . o - , \ m, g 1000 l . ,' \ i w . . . , s
~ a : . , , .
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1
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O * ** .'~ ' , 2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/76 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 5/78 8/78 11/78 Date of Coll tion Figure 6.3.1 Density of Robinson impoundment Benthic Organisms at Stations A-1, A-2,'E-1, and E-3 by O sarters from 1975 to 1978
I 2000 - F-1 ---- F- 2 . . . - 1750
- G-1 ;L ---
G-2 1500 8 1250 . m u n . :. .. 8 ' - I t 1000 / ,
. "i s '
.- 't.
to a / .- -s f e '. -3 s ./ w e A s / Ns ,- ;,
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2/75 5/75 6/75 11/75 2/76 5/76 8/h6 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 5[78 8/78 11/78 Date of Collection i Figure 0.3.2 Density of Robinson impoundment Benthic Organisms at Stations F-1 F-2, G-1, and G by Quarters from 1975 ta 1978 EE M M M M M M MR M M M M M M M M M M. M
M M M E E E m a m . m m e a m M M M M 24 A is 21 ---
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s - ~ O 5/78 8/78 11/73 j 2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/76 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 Date of Collection Figure G.3.3 Number of denthic Taxa Collected at each Station by Quarters from 1975 to 1978 in Robinson impoundment I
i 3.2 . A -- 2.8 , A-2 - - j h., E-1 -- / 's. 2.4 E - - - j
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2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/76 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/77 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 5/78 8/78 11/78 Date of Collection Figure 6.3.4 Diversity Estimates (2, of Benthos Collected at Stations A-1, A-2, E-1, and E-3 in Robinson impoundment by Quarters from 1975 to 1978 M M M M M M M ME W W m e m e m a e g g
4.0 - 3.6 - 3.2 f l. . h, f 1,
~ / ,a ' ~. , ~ %. s .P -
2.8 - e o is -; \ .
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.4 -
0 , 2/75 5/75 8/75 11/75 2/76 5/76 8/76 11/76 2/Ti 5/77 8/77 11/77 1/78 5/78 8/78 11/78 Date of Collection Figure 6.3.5 Diversity Estimates (d) of Benthos Collected at Stations F-1, F-2, G-1, and G-2 in Robinson impoundment by Quarters from 1975 to 1978 .
I I
=
3' I I I I I I I I I I
. I I
I 6 36 I m ,
s 7.0 Aquatic Vegetatian I i 7 7.1 Introduction The role of ac.uatic macrophytes in the ecosystem in general and in the Robinson Impoundment in particular has been discussed in the 1976 H. B. Robinson Saam Electric Plant 316 Demonstration (Cp4L, 1976). In that study the vascular flora in and around the Robinson impoundment was investicated by various methods. The communities around the impoundment were described, the dominant species were noted, and a species list was compiled. These areas included the Sandhill cocmunities of the dry, upland soils, as well as the bottomland cc' mities along Black Creek, both above and below the impoundment. T1. - <istribution of aquatic macrophytes in the impo ndment was investigated, and a map of these plants was prepared. Specimens were collected of all species that occurred in the ittpoundment, either as scattered individual's, in beds too small to map, or in the larger beds that were mapped. I Durirg June 1978, the aquatic ma-rophytes within the impound-ment were surveyed again in order to provide a comparison of the current habitation with previous habitktion data collected for the eriginal I 316 Demonstration. Areas outside the impoundment were not investigated in 1978, as they were not considerad per+.inent to the study. I 7,2 Methods I The si reline of the entire impoundment was investigated during the inte ni of June 26-29, 1978. Field sampling was accomplished I by boat and by V' ding. Using scale base maps of the impoundment, major areas of aquatic s'getation were delineated and identified. As in the , previous study, "mab beds' of aquatic vascular vegetation" consisted of those beds having a minimum' size of approximately 18.6 m2 (200 f t2). Where field identification was not possible, specimens were collected, I
, 71
I returned to the lab and identified by means of various taxonomic keys or by comparisons with specimens on file in the herbarium of the Depart ment of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina. Taxonamic keys used in this study included'Pcdford et al. (1968); Faasett (1957); Justice and Bell (1968); and Beal (1977). Nomenclature follows that of Radford et al. (1968). 7.3 Results - Twenty-three species of aquatic plants were identified in the Robinson impoundment in beds large enough to be mapped. The distri-butions of these species are shown in Figures 7.3.1 through 7.3.4 The overall distribution of aquatic vascular plants in the I Robinson impoundment was not significantly different in 1978 from that of the original survey in May 1975. There were some differences in the size, location, species composition, and dominance pf beds of macrophytes, but there changes were attributed to expected variation from such sources as seasonni abundance at.d flowering period, natural successior., vind and wave action, and the activities of man. There was an increase in the numbst of specJes occurring in beds large enough to be mapped. Durint; the 1975 survey,12 species were mapped; in 1978, an additional 11 species raised this figure to 23.
~
Although the 1978 data almost doubles the number of species mapped in 1975, ell but three of the 11 new species occurred in small, single
, beds at various locations throughout the impoundment. The three species -
that occurred in more than one location included Panicum hemitomen, Sagittarts m ainea, and ;.*eccharis equisitoides. These occurred in six, seven, t,nd three locationa, respectively, in the impoundment in 1978. In additfori, all but two of these 11 had been cited in the previous study as occurring along the shore of the impoundment just above the water line. The two species that were mapped in 1978 that were not cited in 1975 were Eleocharis melanocarpa and Hypericum virginicum.. 7-2 I 5
=.-- .
l lI 7.4 Summary and Conclusions 1 The normal year-to-date variation in the growth and dit.- I tribution of aquatic plants le a function of various physical factors (Peltier and Welch,1970), as well as biological f actors (Hotchkiss, 1941). These factors include incident light, rainfall, turbidity, reservoir elevation, bottom slope, and soil and nutrient composition, as well as the interaction with other species, natural succession, and the activities of man. The uatrophytes in the Robinson Impoundment appeared to be no c~ception. There were small differences in the location, size and/or I species composition of the macrophytes of the ittpoundment, but the overall reistionship of the vegetation was unchanged since 1975. All except two of the cdditional species that were mapped in 1978 vere already present at the site in 1975, although they were not abundant enough to meet mapping criteria. The two that were not noted in 1975 are concon to the region, and their presence was not unexpected. I I I I I I I I I
Il 7.5 References Beal, E. O. 1977. A manuni of marsh and aquatic vascular plants of North Carolins with habitat data. Agricultural Experiment Station Tech. Bul. No. 247. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina. 298 pp. Carolina Power & Light Company. 1976. H. P. Robinson Steam Electric Plant 316 Demonstration Volume II. Fassett, Norman C. 1957. A manual of aquatic plants. The University of Wisconsin 1 rear, Madison, Wisconsin. 405 pp. Hotchkiss, Neil. 1941. Limnological role of aquatic plants. In: Symposium on hydrobiology. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. Justice, William S. and C. Ritchie Bell. 1968. Wildflowers of North Carolina. The University of North Carolina Pret,s, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 217 pp. Peltier, W. H. and E. B. Nelch. 1970. Factors affecting growth of rooted aquatic plancs in a reservoir. Weed Sci. 18:7-9. . Radford, A. E., Harry Ahics, and C. Ritchie Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 1183 pp. I B I I 7-4 I 5
l I I -
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me h g ___g______________________________
,A
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I O' _ A L' A.K K
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Y stuww meret n C UA.L D I Nupher lut.um ( A .K.L A seu em nc.num E oranuum usueumin F 4,g trioc uian comp =wn G
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- sorpus etunwwieu owneium nuna.n.c.um I
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I we mi-n. g-A. A,L,0 P n.a,m h.mnanan M L Tvime tenfaite N W Canal sept ute gramnw. O i - A.L A,X Ems mm.nocame P I I K Junmasettu u Ewoe ria equimo.6.s twoe.n .aorn o O R. S utriculane inests T I j l j (al-L K.L N Hyr.rtcum varpaa:um h >*ve Sd *"' 'V P'"""' U V OO
- a. L suMm )
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} '
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Figurs 7.3.1 1978 R'obinson impoundment Vegetational Distributions I I . 7-5
I I ,
.. - I;'
O
,s *s**# A
]
,", .)
M -
,, A,L
- i A.L, K-N
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Nymemecooren B N aresmis schrstart C Nu#ar tviewm D w.wm am w e E A,L. M* "# p /g Enocesion compresam g S 5 N d*'3"' ,N A,L saim s a d='wia** I Disawye W M/ o wwm vunda==1'i J g,g,t tw.n, wa K
- Lp . Arious ew-* L A, pm ,. wiwnma M L- Tve.1,efoa. N s.,ns,t. wwn., .' O ra.odene moi aoarP* P A.K.L A8 ast < .h 0 g w nseauinir.o. R M _ gl odiara ow.dren,at. 5 A W"'8 'an.i. T K ,L-we.nce w u w poseue V same evoedawe W 88 A.K 5 iK
$ A.K W
\
b l
/ .
N R
\\s Figure 7.3.2' 1978 Robinson impoundment Vegetational Distributions I
l 7-6 E a -- *' - D
I , wnow,vne peum Nr or ocareu A 8 I ~~ , ar n .oir.i.8 Nud =r Nie n so-o.nium vn.ncanum Ormewm saatiasm C D E F I Enwon ec.npr um G
# gz'* ' g yn.L 5AM Pvt.nc ian e..r.,wiu. H
- tC,L sdepw. eiut w.u I N ownceaum svon.c.um J C e I %'A (,-A B.X,L Deeen two-a K tT Jau. rem L O' -A Pm wnman M B,D k g.A Yvva t**fd:. N
% Saenade eretnines 0-
.I D C
- 8, Y
L A
, gw
- w. .~~
twesin. .
,n ,,,
a. o R p tie amor=w,u s "A w ns menu T
- K.L
'K , "' P**"" 'i'*'*um U
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,-g -A s.r,w. ,yp.nnu. w i
8 LB,L -A,8,L A
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-- 'A 1 ~--------- . & un.
Figurs 7.3.3 1978 Robinson impoundmer't Vegetstional Distributions I 7 uyrtase, yawn a m m,m A Nympia e asarm B aramwe sew.twe C Nuaner tww n D seersenken rencanum E orwiWwn aoweoann F titeendan sama mmen G Potamaerson ever.hsk. H . w amanrassue 1
. Dus dden awasemanen J 0.sehen,m w.nn K Anas e ns L Pvda n wannan M tysme lev % N saamrie Fr*== 0 twoanens me,anceerpe P ,
Anneehm Q .= ti.oahar+s een===en R I fin nans ome w m G I Uvium sie inane T .# Wp=wn *pedman tj # Anas pa yen shows y W erpwm W A,8 g K g e ;.,..'. .
. , - A , B, C
& e l
a* f'f,
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/ .'
A,8,C 5
' - A. B,C A.B.E F
, B.L N
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, [ T' t i Np C A-
. A,B,C s BCK 4 A=,x s.j g A,L
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- 3. R., 346
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Figurs 7.3A 1978 Robinson impoundment Vegetational Dirt.ibutions lT 7-8 _ . . . . . .
- _ . . - . - _ - _ - _...._ - _ . - - - . . _ . - - - . . - . _ . _ _ - - . - - . . . . . . . . - - . . . ~ - - _ .
A .a k j t 4 i i IEi
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lI i i !,E t i 4 !E 4 Appendix A l , j H. 3. Robinson Statistical Methods t 1 i !E I
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!I 4 1 iE i 4 i
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lE 4 i-1 l A-1
q. Appendix A l H. B. Robinson Statistical Methods Throughout this report a number of statistical tests were used to analyze biological and chemical paremeters. This section briefly describes the statistical tests used and the rat!.onale for their use. Water chemistry data were classified by chemical parameter into one of two groups, either continuous or ordinal. This was done because several of the parameters had a large number of concentra-tions below the reporting limit making the data only ordinal in nature, while others had most of their concentrations above the reporting limits. Reporting limits were established by the laboratory performing the chemical analyses and were a function of the instru- g ment baseline " noise" and rer. gent blank. The continuous data were W analy-ed using paired t-tests to compare control Station I (upstream of impoundment) to each of the other stations individually. Stations were paired by months for 1978. The sign test war used to compare those chemical parameters which were classified on an ordinal scale, with Station I compared to each of the other stations individually. Fisheries data for all gear types were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques (ANOVA). A logarittuuic transformation was applied a to the data to stabilize the variance in order te better fit the assump- 5 tions underlying the ana. lysis. For analysis of data coll 2cted by seine and electrofishing geartype, a factorial arrangement of the
" treatment effects" was used. For the larval trap data, which has several days sampling each month / quarter, a type of split plot design was used witn year and conth/ quarter effects as the whole plot. Tran-sect, station, year, and month / quarter effects were considered. In those cases where significant interactions were present (usually an interaction with the quarter or month. effect) a separate analysis, by quarter, was conducted. Where interactic ns were not present, the Valler-Duncan K-ratio t-test was used to compare individual levels of an effect, such as comparisons of Transects A, F,.and G. This I
A-2 g
l I i te^t allowed identification of significant dif ferences between transects, years, and months / quarters. Least significant difference tests were not used in these fishc. ries analyses because of the absence of preplanned comparisons between transects, years, and months /auarters. Duncan's multiple range test was used for com-paring impingement data. Benthic data were analyzed for impoundment and river samples separately because of the necessity c' using different types.of Fear in the respective habitats. 1.nalysis of variance I techniques were employed. A log transformation was made c>n the species density, and a square root transformation made on the num-ber of taxa in order to stabilize the variance for these two para-meters. A factorial arrangement of the " treatment effec +s," with subsampling, was employed in the ana'.ysis of the data. Plankton data was analyzed using-the analysis of variance and Duncan's, multiple range test. I Continuous recorder water tenperature data was analyzed using Smirnov's two sample nonparametric test. Duncan's tnultiple I range test was used to compare water temperature profile data. I I I - I , I I A-3
I I I I I I I I I B I ~ I . I I I I A-4
_- . . . . . - - _ = - _ - _ _ _ _ . ._ . . . . _ - . - . . - _ _ _ . _ . _ . - . _ _ . . . . - _ . - - _. _ I I I I I l g Appenui- B H. B. Robinson Water Tereporature Profile i I Data April.1476 to December 1978 j I I I . DecenJoer 1976 data are miss%g due to equip-ment failure. March-June 1977 ater. tempera-ture profiles were not samplac. because of a I special intensive thermal monitoring program (Appendix Di. I I s-1
4T%)J April 26, 1976-Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 24.0 24.4 24.0 0' 24.5 24.0 24.5 3' 24.3 24.5 24.0 3' 24.5 24.5 24.5 6' 24.3 24.5 24.0 6' 24.5 24.5 24.5 9' 24.2 24.5 24.0 9' 24.5 24.5 24.5 12' 24.2 24.5 - 12' 24.5 24.5 24.5 15' 24.2 24.5 - 15' 24.5 24.3 24.5 18' 24.2 24.5 - 18' 24.3 24.0 24.3 21' .l 24.0 24.5 - 21' 24.0 24.0 24.0 m 24' 24.0 24.5 - 24' 24.0 24.0 23.8 27' 24.0 24.5 - 27' 22.5 23.0 23.5 3 30' 22.5 24.2 - 30' 21.8 21.0 21.2 g' 33' 21.5 23.5 - 36' 20.8 21.5 - 39' 20.5 22.0 - 42' 20.5 - - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 24.5 24.5 24.5 0' 26.0 25.5 25.5 3' 24.5 24.5 24.5 3' 26.0 26.0 25.5 6' 24.5 24.5 24.5' 6' 26.0 26.0 25.5 9' 24.5 24.8 - 9' 25.0 25.3 25.1 12' 24.5 24.8 - 12' - 24.8 24.6 15' 24.5 24.6 - 15' - 24.5 24.6 18' 24.5 24.5 - 18' - 24.5 - 21' 24.3 24.5 - 21' - 24.5 - 24' 23.0 23.0 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 27.5 27.2 27.5 0' 27.5 28.2 27.5 - 3' 28.5 28.0 27.5 3' 27.5 28.5 27.5 6' 27.5 2'.5 27.5 6' 27.5 28.2 27.5 9' 25.5
.0 26.0 9' 27.5 27.5 27.5 "
12' - 15.3 25.5 12' 26.0 26.0 26.0 5 15' - 25.0 -25.0 15' 26.0 26.0 26.0 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G l O' 32.5 31.0 28.0 0' 23.0 0' 21.0 3' 31.5 31.5 28.2 3' 23.0 3' 21.0 6' 27.5 30.5- 28.0 6' 23.0 6' 20.5 9' - 27.0 25.2 9' 23.0 12' .- 26.0 24.8 12' 22.0 15' 21.0 Station H Station I Station K 0' 22.5 0' 17.5 0' 22.0 -I 3' 22.5 3' 17.3 3' 21.5 6' 22.5 6' 17.3 6' 21.5 9' 17.3 I B-2 -
Li . THERMAL PLW.E MONITORING H. B. P.0BINSON STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT April 26, 1976
- I -
I !I Sampling Surface 3' 6' 9' 12' Station *C *F 'C 'F 'C 'F 'C 'F 'C 'F 5 29.0 84 29.5 85 29.0 84 27.0 81 6 28.5 83 28.6 S3 28.2 83 26.6 80
- I 7 14 30.0 32.0 86 90 30.5 32.1 87 90 30.5 87 27.0 81 26.0 79 15 32.1 90 30.8 87 27.0 81 27.0 81
.l 16 31.0 88 31.5 89 30.5 C7 27.0 81 26.0 79
- W 17 29.8 86 30.0 86 30.0 86 27.0 81 25.8 78 18 29.5 85 30.0 86 30.'6 86 26.0 79 25.5 78 I 24 25 26 27.0 27.0 28.5 81 81 .
83- 28.8 84 28.2 83 25.5 78 24.5 76 27 28.0 82 28.2 83 28.0 82 25.2 77 24.8 */ 7 28 28.8 84 29.0 84 28.2 83 26.0 79 32 26.0 79 33 27.0 81- 27.2 81 26.8 60 24.0 75 23.8 75 34 27.0 81 '7.0 81 27.0 81 24.0 75 , {.{ . wer Big 27.0 81 27.0 81 27.0 81 27.0 81 24.0 75 sj Seaverdam Creek Middle Big 23.0- 72 20.0 60 Beaverdam Creek I Upper Big Beaverdam 20.5 69 Creek lE E I B-3
H. B. ROBINSON k'ATER ?IMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) May 11, 1976 Transect A- 3 2 1~ Transect B 3' 2 1 0' 23.5 23 A 23.5 0' 23.5 23.9 23.9 3' 23.5 23.5 23.5 3' 23.7 23.7 23.9 6' 23.5 23.5 23.5 6' 23.7 23.7 23.9 9' 23.3 23.5 23.5 9' 23.7 23.7 23.7 g 12' 23.3 23.3 23.3 12' 23.7 23.7 23.5 g li' 23.0 23.0 23.0 15' 23.0 23.1 23.4 18' 23.0 23.0 - 18' 23.0 23.0 23.1 21' 22.9 22.8 - 21' 22.9 22.7 22.9 24' - 22.8 - 24' 22.7 22.7 22.6 27' - 22.6 - 27' 22.6 22.6 22.5 30' - 22.0 - 30' 22.5 22.5 22.5
- 1. 33' -
22.6 - 33' 22.3 22.4 22.5 36' - - 22.3 , Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 24.3 24.5 24.5 0' 26.0 26.0 25.9 3' 24.4 24.5 24.5 3' 25.9 25.7 25.9 6' 24.2 24.5 24.5 6' 25.0 25.0 25.0 9' 24.2 24.4 - 9' 25.0 24.5 24.9 12' 23.0 24.2 - 12' - 23.9 24.' l 15' 23.4 23.4 - 15' - 23.2 23.1 m 18' 23.1 23.0 - 18' - 23.1 23.0 21' 23.0 22.7 - 21' - 23.0 - 3 24' 22.9 22.7 - 24' - 23.0 - l 27' - 22.7 - 30' - 22.7 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 28.5 28.5 28.5 0' 29.5 28.5 29.0 m 3' 28.0 23.4 28.5 . 3' 28.5 28.1 28.5 5 6' 27.0 26.2 26.0 6' 26.7 27.0 27.0 9' - 24.9 24.9 9' 24.7 24.0 24.6 g 12' - - 24.0 12' 23.6 22.1 22.5 g, 15' - - 22.9 15' 22.1 - 22.0 18' - - 22.7 18' - - 22.0 21' - - 21.3 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 32.5 31.0 31.9 0' 28.? 0' 23.0 3' 32.5 31.1 31.0 3' 27.4 3' 20.2 6' '2.5
, 29.9 29.5 6' 22.0 6' 19.0 g 9' - -
22.1 9' 20.5 3 12' - - 21.9 Station H Station I Station K O' 24.0 0' 18.4 0' 23.5 i 3' 24.0 3' 17.9 3' 23.5 6' 17.7 I B-4 ., ww Ei g
I THERMAL PLUME MONITORUiG H. B. ROBINSON STEAM ELECTRIC PIANT May 11, 1976 I I Sampling Station _ Surface
*C 'F 'C 3' _
'F 'C 6'
*F *C 9'
*F 'C 12'
'F 5 29.9 86 29.6 86 28.0 82 24.2 75 I- 6- 29.8 86 29.6 86 26.0 79 24.0 75 22.0 72 7 30.5 87 30.3 87 28.5 83 24.4 76 22.0 72 14 32.0 90 30.5 87 27.5 81 15 31.7 89 31.6 89 29.7 85 25.0 77 16 31.0 88 31.1 88 29.9 86 17 31.5 89 30.9 87 29.5 85 22.0 72 21.9 71 18 31.5 89 30.7 87 30.4 87 22.3 72 21.9 71 I- 24 32.1 90 25 32.0 90 I 26 27 28 31.4 31.9 31.3 89 89 88 30.7 31.0 31.1 S7 88 88 29.8 29.5 29.1 86 85 84 22.1 22.1 72 72 21.9 21.9 71 71 p 32 30.4 87 g 33 30.9 87 31.0 88 28.8 84 21.8 71 34 31.1 80 31.0 88 28.7 84 22.5 73 Lower Big 27.5 81 27.5
- 81 27.5 81 23.5 74 23.3 74 Beaverdam Creek Middle Big 25.0 77 18.5 6)
Beaverdam Creek Upper Big 19.5 67 Beaverdam I Creek I I-I I I B-5
H. B. ROBINSON k'ATER TDiPERATURE PROFILE ('C) June 7, 1976 Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 25.0 25.0 25.0 0' 25.2 25.2 25.2 3' 25.0 25.0 25.0 3' 25.0 25.0 25.0 ' 6' 25.0 25.0 25.0 6' 25.0 25.0 25.0 9' 25.0 25.0 24.8 9' 25.0 25.0 24.8 12' 25.0 25.0 24.8 12' 25.0 25.0 24.8 15' 25.0 25.0 24.0 15 ' 24.5 24.5 24.4 18' 24.8 25.0 - 18' 24.5 24.2 24.4 21' 24.8 24.8 - 21' 24.2 24.2 24.2 24' - 24.8 - 24' 24.0 24.0 24.2 27' - 24.5 - 27' 24.0 24.0 2/ 0 30' - 24.5 - 30' 24.0 24.0 24.0 33' - 24.2 - 33' - 25.8 24.0 36' - 24.2 - 36' - - 23.8 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 26.5 26.0 25.8 0' 28.0 26.8 26.0 3' 26.5 26.0 25.6 3' 27.0 26.7 26.0 6' 26.2 26.0 25.0 6' 26.6 26.2 25.5 9' 25.5 25.5 - 9' - 25.6 25.2 12' 25.5 25.5 - 12' - 24.5 24.9 g 15' 25.2 25.5 - - 15' - 24.2 24.5 g 18' 25.0 25.2 - 18' - 24.2 24.5 21' 24.2 24.5 - 21' - 24.2 24.2 24' 24.2 24.5 - 24' - 24.2 - 27' - 24.2 - Tr,ansect D .3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 29.8 27.8 26.5 0' 29.8 27.0 26.0 3' 29.5 27.2 26.5 3' 29.8 26.5 25.8 m 6' 26.0 26.0 26.0 6' 26.0 26.0 25.0 l 9' - 24.2 24.5 9' 23,9 24.2 23.5 12' - 24.0 23.8 12' - 21.5 21.2 15' - - 21.8 15' .- - 21.9 18' - - 21.8 18' - - 20.8 Trsnsect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 33.8 32.9 32.4 0' 25.5 0' 19.4 3' 34.0 30.7 30.2 3' 24.0 3' 18.6 . 6' 34.0 28.0 16.2 6' 19.5 6' 18.4 9' 34.0 - 21.2 12' 34.0 - 21.0 Station H Station I Station K O' 24.8 0' 18.5 0' 24.2 I 3' 24.8 3' 18.5 3' 24.2 6' 24.8 6' 18.2 6' 24.2 , 9' 17.8 9' 24.2 3s a . EI
_ _ _ _~ l ll l 2EERMAL PLUME HOKITORING H. B. ROBINSON STEAM ELECTRIC 'LAFI .Itme 7,1976 Sampling Surface 3' 6' 9' 12' Station 'C 2 'C 2 ' cc. 2 'C *F 'C 3 I 5 6 7 31.4 30.5. 32.0 89 87 90 31.2 30.8 28.5 88 87 83 25.0 26.0 26.5 77 79 80 24.0 21.5 21.5 75 71 71 21.0 21.0 70 70 I 14 15 16 33.5-32.5 32.9 92 91 91 33.2 31.5 30.7 92 89 87 30.0 25.8 28.0 86 78 82 22.6 73 i 1 1 17 32.5 91 31.5 89 26.5 80 21.5 71 21.0 70 18 32.0 90 30.0 86 25.0 77 21.0 70 21.0 70 l 24* ' 25 34. 0 93 33.4 92 I 26 27 28 32.5 32.4 31.5 91 90 89 30.9 30.2 30.5 88 86 87 28.4 26.2 25.5 83 79 78 21.2 21.2 70 70 21.0 70 32 31.0 88 33 31.0 88 31.2 88 29.5 85 21.6 71 34 31.0- 88 30.5 87 28.2 83 21.4 71 Lewer Big 25.8 78 25.5. 78 24,5 76 23.6 75 i Beaverdem Creek Middle Big 24.5 76 20.5 69 Beaverdam , Creek Upper Big 21.5 71 Beaverdam Creek
- Station 24 not taken, too shallow 0
h e e .I I . B-7.
H. B. ROBINSON VATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C)
~ - July 26, 1976-Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 31.5 31.5 31.7 0' 31.7 31.7 31.7 I
3' 31.7 31.6 31.7 3' 31.9 31.9 32.0 g 6' 31.7 31.6 31.4 6' 31.9 31.9 31.9 l 9' 31.7 31.2 31.2 9' 31.9 31.9 31 3 12' 31.0 3J 0 31.0 12' 31.0 31.0 31.1 15' 30.7 ;0.7 30.6 15' 30.7 30.6 30.7 ' 18' 30.5 30.6 - 18' 30.7 30.5 30.6 21' 30.3 30.2 - 21' 30.0 30.1 30.4 24' 30.3 30.2 - 24' 29.7 30.0 30.0 27' - 30.2 - 27' 29.1 28.9 28.9 30' - 29.7 - 30' - 28.4 28.5 33' - 29.6 - 36' - 28.8 - 39' - 28.5 - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 32.7 32.4 32.0 0' 32.9 32.5 32.0 3' 32.7 32.6 32.3 3' 32.9 32.7 32.0 6' 32.7 32.6 32.3 . 6' 32.9 32.5 32.0 9' 32.7 32.2 - 9' 32.3 32.4 32.0 12' 31.7 31.7 - 12' - 32.1 32.0 15' 30.7 30.7 - 15' - 31.1 31.4 18' 30.7 30.4 - 18' - 30.5 30.1 21' 30.1 29.9 - 21' - 30.1 29.9 24' 29.9 29.4 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 33.7 33.4 33.0 0' 35.3 33.3 34.3 mm 3' 34.0 33.4 33.0 3' 33.5 34.5 34.5 ll 6' 32.3 32.3 32.0 6' 33.4 32.3 32.0 9' - - 31.0 9' 31.0 30.7 30.9 12' - - 30.7 12' 30.7 30.2 29.8 15' - - 30.0 15' - - 29.3 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 40.1 38.4 38.7 0' 33.9 0' 31.4 l 3' 40.3 38.5 38.7 3' 32.9 3' 27.5 l 6' 39.5 36.0 38.3 6' 28.5 6' 25.5 g 9' - - 30.7 g 12' - - 30.1 Station H Station I Station K O' 30.8 0' 25.3 0' 30.5 l 3' 31.0 3' 24.9 3' 30.5 l 6' 24.9- 6' 30.5 l l 3 -- . a. . .- . - !!I
I i THERMAL PLUME MONITORING H. B. ROBINSON STF).M ELECTRIC PLANT July 26, 1976 Satepling Surface 3' _ 6' 4' 12' Station *C *F C
' C, 'F 'C 'F_ _ _ 'C *F 'C 'F 5 36.5 98 36.5 98 36.5 98 6 36.5 98 36.2 97 33.1 92 30.6 87 30.0 86 7 36.6 98 36.5 98 36.0 97 30.7 87 29.0 86 14 39.4 103 38. 101 37.5 100 . 15 38.4 101 38.4 101 37.1 99 16 38.4 101 38.5 101 36.0 97 17 36.5 101 38.6 102 34.6 44 30.7 87 29.9 86 18 38.0 100 38.0 100 37.5 100 24.0 86 24*
25 39.5 103 26 38.7 102 38.9 102 37.3 99 31.4 88 30.1 86 I 27 28 38.7 100 37.7 100 38.7 102 37.7 100 38.3 101 37.7 100 30.7 30.1 86 32 36.8 98 33 36.7 98 37.0 99 35.7 96 31.2 88 34 37.0 99 37.0' 99 36.5 98 31.2 88 Lower Big 32.9 91 33.1 91 33.1 01 28.3 83 Beaverdam-Creek Middle Big 29.4 85 24.0 75 Beaverdam Creek Upper ~ Big 27.6 82 Beaverdam Creek I m
,,,w, ,- -,,
e-
I H. B. ROBINSON VATER TDFERATUFI PROFILE ('C) August 17, 1976 Transect A. 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 31.5 31.5 31.5 0' 31.5 31.5 31.4 3' 31.5 31.6 31.5 3' 31.5 31.5 31.4 6' 31.5 31.6 31.5 6' 31.5 31.5 31.4 9' 31.5 31.6 31.5 9' 31.5 31.5 31.4 12' 31.5 31.6 31.5 12' 31.5 31.4 31.4 15' 31.5 31.5 - 15' 31.4 31.2 31.0 18' 31.5 31.5 - 18' 31.2 30.5 30.5 21' 31.5 30.1 - 21' 29.7 29.8 29 8 24' - 30.0 - 24' 29.5 29.5 20.0 27' - 29.7 - 27' 28.7 28.8 28.5 30' - 29.4 - 30' 28.5 28.2 28.2 33' - 29.3 - 33' - 28.0 28.0 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 31.9 31.7 31.5 0' 32.5 31.7 31.7 3' 32.1 31.7 31.3 3' 32.7 31.7 31.7 6' 32.0 31.7 31.3 6' 32.0 31.5 31.7 9' 31.6 31.7 - 9' 31.5 31.0 31.3 12' 31.6 31.5 - 12' - 30.7 31.3 15' 31.4 31.5 - 15' - 30.1 30.3 18' 30.5 31.3 - 18' - 29.5 - 21' 30.0 29.5 - 24' 29.0 28.6 - 27' 28.3 28.3 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 mm O' 34.2 34.0 32.f O' 35.6 33.0 30.9 3' 33.3 32.0 32.3 3' 34.5 33.0 30.9 6' 31.0 31.0 31.0 6' 31.4 31.4 30.9 9' 31.0 30.0 29.9 9' 30.1 31.0 30.0 12' - 29.6 29.5 12' - 29.2 29.5 15' - 29.5 29.2 IS' - 29.5 29.5 18' - 29.5 29.0 18' - 29.5 - 21' - - 28.0 24' - - 26.9 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station C O' 41.0 39.8 37.1 0' 37.3 0' 26.0 3' 41.0 38.5 36.0 3' 32.4 3' 26.0 6' 41.0 33.5 33.0 6' 30.3 6' 26.6 9' 41.0 - 30.8 9' 28.5 12' 41.0 - 30.2 12' 27.5 15' 26.7 Station E Station I Station K I O' 30.7 0' 24.2 0' 30.7 3' 30.7 3 ', 24.2 .3, , ' 30.7 E c , , . , n.i n . . . .~ . s. as
August 17, 1976 i i THIR$AL'^PLUMEMONITORING H. B. ROBINSON SIEAM ELECTRIC PLANT I .c f.mpling Station *C Surface
*F 'C 3'
*F 'C 6'
'F 'C 9'
'F 'C 12i
' F, 5 36.0 97 35.5 96 32.0 90 31.0 88 6 37.2 99 35.0 95 32.0 90 30.7 87 30.7 87 7 37.3 99 36.3 97 32.3 90 30.7 87 30.5 87 14 40.5 105 40.0 104 32.3 90 ,
15 39.5 103 38.0 100 32.0 90 31.0 88 J 16 39.8 104 38.5 101 33.5 92 l 17 39.0 202 35.5 96 34.0 93 30.7 87 30.5 87 18 38.0 100 36.0 97 33.5 92 30.8 87 30.1 86 24 37.5 100 ; I 25 26 27 38.3 38.0 37.1 101 100 99 38.6 102 38.5 101 36.0 97 34.5 33.0 94 91 31.3 30.8 88 87 30.4 30.2 87 86 28 36.5 98 36.0 97 33.5 92 30.7 87 30.0 86 I 32 33 36.7 36.5 98 98 36.5 98 33.0 91 30.3 86 30.0 86 34 36.5 98 35.0 95 33.3 92 30.2 86 I Lower Big 30.2 86 30.0 86 29.8 86 29.0 84 Beeverdam Creek Middle Big 29.5 85 24.7 76 Beaverdam Creek Upper Big 24.0 75 24.0 75 Beaverdam . Creek I I .
-I I
I - B-11 , .,
H. B. ROBINSON WATER TDiPERATURE PROFILE September 28, 1976 Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 26.5 26.5 26.7 0' 27.0 26.9 26.9 3' 26.6 26.6 26.7 3' 27.0 27.0 27.0 6' 26.5 26.6 26.7 6' 27.0 26.9 27.0 9' 26.4 26.5 26.6 9' 26.9 26.9 26.9 12' 26.3 26.5 26.6 12' 26.7 26.8 26.7 15' 26.3 26.5 26.6 15' 26.6 26.5 26.5 18' 26.3 26.3 26.4 18' 26.5 26.5 26.4 21' 26.3 26.3 - 21' 26.4 26.3 26.3 24' 26.3 26.3 - 24' 26.3 26.3 26.2 g 27' 26.3 26.3 - 27' 26.0 26.0 26.2 3 30' 26.3 26.3 - 30' 15.7 25.9 26.0 33' 26.3 26.1 - 33' - 25.8 26.0 36' 26.3 - - 36' - - 25.9 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 29.0 28.3 28.0 0' 29.9 29.5 29.4 3' 29.1 28.5 28.3 3' 29.8 29.6 29.0 6' 29.1 28.4 27.5 6' 29.4 29.0 28.0 g
, 9' 29.0 28.2 -
9' 28.6 27.7 27.0 m 12' 27.6 27.7 - 12' 27.5 27.4 26.9 15' 26.9 27.3 - 15' - 27.0 26.9 3 18' 26.7 27.0 - 18' - 26.2 26.6 g l 21' 26.2 26.5 - 21' - 26.2 26.5 24' 26.0 26.0 - 27' - 25 7 . Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 mm O' 32.2 31.7 31.3 0' 31.9 31.2 31.0 5. 3' 32.0 31.9 31.4 3' 31.9 31.2 30.6 6' 30.5 29.5 30.6 6' 31.7 28.7 30.1 g 9' - 28.0 27.9 9' - 27.0 27.6 g 12' - 28.1 27.3 12' - - 27.0 15' - 27.9 26.9 15' - - 25.7 18' - 27.9 26.5 21' - - 25.6 24' - - 25.5-Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 35.7 35.0 34.5 0' 30.9 0' 24.7 3' 35.7 34.1 34.5 3' 29.5 3' 23.9 6' 35.7- 32.5 33.0 6' 26.7 6' 23.0 9' - - 26.2 12' - - 26.0 Station H* Station 1* Station K* O' 26.5 0' 20.7 0' 26.3 3' 27.0 3' 20.7 3' 26.3 6' 27.0 6' 20.7 6' 26.5 I
- Septenbar 29. 1976 9' 20.7 n-12 ._. .
I . September 28, 1976 THERMAL PLUME MONITORD;G H. B. ROBINSON STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT l I Sampling surface 3' 6' 9' 12' 15' _ Station 'C 'F 'C *F *C 'F *C 'F 'C 'F 'C 'F 5 34.5 94 34.6 94 29.6 85 , 6 34.5 94 33.4 92 30.5 87 22.7 82 l I 7 14 15 24.0 35.4 35.6 93 96 96 33.5 35.6 35.1 92 96 95 30.2 33.0 86 91 28.0 82 26.0 79 25.9 79
'l l
I 34.1 32.5 90 I 16 35.0 95 93 17 35.0 95 35.0 95 32.4 90 26.4 80 18 34.5 94 34.5 94 '2.8 91 26.2 79 25.7 79 24 34.9 95 I 25 26 35.0 34.8 95 95 34.5 94 33.5 92 27.0 81 25.6 26.0 78 79 l 27 34.5 94 34.5 94 33.0 91 26.2 79 28 34.4 94 34.5 94 31.5 89 ' 32 34.0 93 33 33.5 92- 33.5 92 M.2 90 25.9 79 34 33.5 92 32.9 91 32.0 90 26.0 79 Lower Big 30.4 87 30.2 86 28.5 83 27.5 82 Beaverdam Creek Middle Big 28.0 82 21.4 71 Beaverdam Creek Upper Big 22.1 72 I Beaverdam Creek I I I I I B-i. _,
l H. B. ROB!hbON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) II; October 12, 1976 Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 Ili l i 1 0' 23,0 22.0 21.8 0' 22.9 23.2 23.5 El 3' 23.0 22.5 21.8 3' 23.0 23.2 23.5 5j 6' 23.0 22.5 21.8 6' 23.0 23.4 23.5 9' 23.0 22.5 21.8 9' 23.0 23.4 23.5 g 12' 23.0 22.6 21.8 12' 23.0 23.4 23.5 g 15' 23.0 22.7 -- 15' 23.0 ,23.4 23.5 18' 23.0 22.7 -- 18' 23.0 23.4 23.5 21' 23.0 22.7 -- 21' 23.0 23.4 23.5 24' 23.0 22.7 -- 24' 23.0 23.4 23.5 27' 23.0 22.9 -- 27' 23.0 23.4 23.5
- 30' 23.0 22.9 --
30' 23.0 23.4 23.5 33' 23.0 22.7 -- 33' 23.0 23.4 23.5 36' 23.0 22.7 -- 36' -- 23.4 23.5 40' -- -- 23.5 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 23.3 23.7 23.7 0' 24.5 24.4 24.0 3' 23.5 23.7 23.9 3' 24.6 24.4 24 . 6' 23.5 23.7 23.9 6' 24.6 24.4 24.0 9' 23.5 23.7 -- 9' 24.6 24.4 24.0 12' 23.5 12' 23.7 -- -- 24.3 24.0 15' 23.5 23.7 -- 15' -- 24.3 24.0 16' 23.5 23.7 -- 18' -- 24.3 24.0 'E 21' 23.5 23.7 -- 21' -- 24.2 23.8 g 2 4. ' 23.7 -- 24' -- 24.0 -- 27' -- 23.7 -- Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 I 0' 26.0 26.1 25.8 0' 26.5 25.5 24.9 3' 26.0 26.2 25.8 3' 26.5 25.5 24.9 !! 6' 25-s . 26.2 25.8 6' 24.7 25.5 24.5 9' -- 24.5 24.6 9' 24.0 24~.5 24.5 g 12' ~ 24.5 24.4 12' -- 23.7 23.9 3 15' -- 24.5 24.3 15' -- -- 23.5 18' -- 24.5 24.3 21' -- -- 24.3 . Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 32.0 30.7 28.2 0' 22.0 0' 1S.1 3' 32.0 30.1 28.5 3' 22.0 3' 15.1 6' 32.0 28.2 26.5 6' 19.6 6' 15.1 5 9' -. -- 22.5 9' 19.2 3 12' -- -- 21.0 Station H Station I Station K i 0' 21.8 0' 14.2 0' 20.8 l 3' 22.0 3' 14.3 3' 21.0 6' 14.2 6' 21.2 - 9' 14.0 9' 21.4 : 3~14 .. ....w.. .
I THERMAL PLUME MONITORING 'l October 12, 1976 l5 H. B. ROBINSON STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT l Sampling Surface 3' 6' _ 9' 12'
' Station 'C *F 'C *F 'C 'F 'C 'F 'C *F 5 27.3 81 27.3 81 27.3 81 24.2 76 6 27.8 82 27.8 82 25.5 78 23.8 75 22.8 73 7 28.5 83 28.0 82 24.3 76 23.8 75 22.0 72 I 14 15 16 31.0 31.0 30.7 68 88 89 31.0 28.3 30.1 88 83 86 26.5 28.2 80 83 30.0 86 .30.0 86 26.0 79 21.7 71 I 17 18*
24 29.0 84 25 29.9 86 26 29.6 85 29.6 85 24.9 7. 21.0. 70 27 28.2 83 28.5 83 26.5 80 22.5 73 21.0 70 28 28.4 83 28.4 83 25.3 77 21.7 71 I 32 33 34 26.8 27.2 26.9 80 81 80 27.5 26.5 81 80 26.2 24.7 79 77 20.7 20.5 69 69 20.3 69 Lower Big 24.0 75 24.0 75 24.0 75 23.5 74 20.5 69 I Beaverds.m Creek I Middle Big Beaverdam Creek 19.2 67 14.5 58 Upper Big 14.0 57 Beaverdam Creek
- Station 18 not taken I
I I I B-15
B. E. ROBINSON k'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE (*C) l-
. k' November 16, 1976 i'4 -
O Tr e.t A 3 2 ' 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 3_. 11.4 11.4' 0' 11.6 11.5 11.3 3' 11.8 11.4 11.4 3' 12.0 11.5 11.3 . c' 11.4 11.4 1~. 4 6' 11.5 11.5 '
-.3 g 11.4 11.4 11.4 9' 11.4 11.5 11.3 g 11.1 - 12' 11.4 11.3 11.1 15' :' 11.1 -- 15' 13 .4 11.3 11.1 -
.. a ,
IP' '
.,J 11.1 -- 18' 11.1 11.1 11.0 jg 2i 11.5 11.1 -- 21' 11.1 11.1 10.8
'f 24' 11.5 11.1 - 24' 11.1 11.0 10.8
~ ~ p, 27' -- : .4 -- 27' 11.1 11.0 11.0 g 27 .. 30' -- 11.4 -
30' 11.0 11.0 11.0 W . .,(
~
33' - 11.0 - 33' -- - 11.0 o- , L' ' -- 11.0 -- 36' - - 11.0 R. Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 pg-0' 12.0 11.0 11.4 0' 11.4 11.1 11.7 3' 12.3 11.5 11.4 3' 11.5 11.5 11.3 - 6' 11. ", 11.5 11.4 6' 11.5 11.0 11.0 9' 11.7 11.2 -- 9' 11.5 11.0 11.0 , 12' 11.3 11.2 -- 12' -- 11.0 11.0 18' 11 3 11.2 - 15' -- 11.0 10.8 21' 11.3 11.6 -- 18' -- 11.0 -- g 24' 11.1 11.0 - 21 -- 11.0 - E 27' 11.0 11.1 - 14' -- 11.0 -- Transect D 3 2 1 Iransect DA 3 2 1 0' 12.5 11.6 11.4 0' 12.0 11 0 11.0 8 3' 12.3 11.9 11.4 3' 12.0 11.1 11.3 6' 12,3 11.9 11.4 6' 11,5 11.2 11.O I ' 9' - 12.0 11.4 9' '21.3 11.2 11.0 12' -- 11.5 31.4 12' -- 11.0 10.8 'g 18' -- -- 11.3 15' -- 11.0 10.0 '3 Transect E 3 2 1 Statiot F hation G O' 13.3 13.3 9.8 0' u. O' 6.5 g 3' 13.8 13.3 9.4 3' s.) 3' 6.5 6' 13.8 11.1 8.3 6' ' 6' 6.5 ~ 9' 13.8 '- 7.6 9' b.s 9' 6.5 12' 13.8 7.5 12' 6.4 3 15' 13.8 - - 15' 6.4 Station E* Station I* Station K* O' 11.7 0' 8.0 0' 10.8 3' 11.5 3' 8.0 3' 11.0 6* 11.5' 6' 7.8 L' 11.0 l 9' i.8 : 12' 7.6 "Movember 17, 1976 j I B-16 -
I THERMAL PLTTME MONITORING H. B. ROBINSON STEAM ELECTRIC PIX 7. November 16, 1976 I Sampling Station Surface
, *F *C
*F *C 6'
*P *C 9'
*r *C 12'
*F 5 12.5 55 12.6 55 12.6 55 12.6 55 6 11 8 53 12.3 54 12.0 54 10.3 51 9.8 50 7 11.2 54 11.2 54 10.0 50 9.5 49 8.3 47 14 13.3 56 13.1 55 13.1 55 15 13.3 56 13.1 55 12.5 55 10.8 51 16 13.3 56 13.3 56 11.1 52 I 17 18 24 9.8 9.5
'e '
50 49 45 9.9 9.0 50 48 9.9 8.8 50 48 8.0 8.0 46 46 9.8 7.8 50 45 E 25 b.8 48 E 26 9.2 48 9.2 48 9.0 48 27 9.8 50 9.4 49 8.3 47 7.6 47 7.5 45 28 9.8 50 8.3 50 7.6 47 7.6 47 7.6 47 I 32 33 8.4 8.8 47 48 8.5 47 7.8 46 7.3 45 7.3 45 34 8.8 48 7.8 46 7.5 45 7.3 45 7.3 (5' I 11.3 11.3 10.5 10.0 Lower Big 11.3 52 52 52 51 50 I Beaverdam Creek I Middle Big 9.1 48 9.1 9.1 48 3eaverdam 1 Creek Upper Big 10.5 51 Beaverdam Creek - I' - I I . I I i s-17
H. B. ROB 2N3'ON WATER TEMPEPJ.TURE PROFILE E g JOnuary 11, 1977 Transect'A 3 2 1 - Transect B 3 2 1 0' 9.0 9.0 9.5 0" 9.8 9.8 9.0 3' 9.2 9.3 9.5 3' 10.0 10.0 9.5 6' 9.2 9.5 9.5 6' 10.0 10.0 9.5 9' 9.5 9.5 9. 5 ~ 9' 10.0 10.0 9.8 12' 9.5 9.5 9.8 12' 10.0 10.0 9.8 g 15' 9.5 9.5 - 15' 10.0 10.0 9.8 m 18' 9.5 9.5 - 18' 10.0 10.0 9.8 21' 9.5 9.5 - 27 ' 10.0 10.0 9.8 g 24' - 9.5 - 24' 10.0 10.0 9.8 g 27' - 9.5 - 27' 10.0 10.0 9.8 30' - 9.5 - 30' 10.0 10.0 9.9 33' - 9.5 - 33' - 10.0 10.0 36' - 9.5 - 39' - 9.5 - 42' - 9.5 - \ Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 10.0 9.8 9.5 0' 13.0 11.5 10.5 3' 10.0 10.0 9.5 3' 11.0 11.5 10.8 6' 10.0 10.0 9. ' 6' 10.8 11.0 10.5 9' 10.0 10.0 - . 9' 10.5 11.0 10.5 12' 10.3 10.0 - 12' 10.0 10.0 10.0 15' 10.0 10.0 - 15! - 10.0 10.0 18' 10.0 10.0 - 18' - 10.0 - 21' 10.0 10.0 - 21' - - - 24' 10.0 10.0 - 24' - - - 27' - 10.0 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 EB _ O' 13.5 13.5 13.0 0' 14.5 13.5 13.0 g 3' 13.5 13.5 13.0 3' 14.5 13.5 13.0 6' 13.0 13.0 13.0 6' 14.0 13.5 13.0 9' - 11.0 11.5 4' 13.5 12.5 12.5 12' - 11.0 11.0 12' - -12 ? 12.5 15' - 10.8 10.5 15' - 11 ? 11.5 18' - 10.8 10.5 Transect E 3 2 1 Station.F Station G O' 18.5 17.0 17.5 0' 5.5 0' 3.5 3' 18.5 16.5 17.0 3' 5.0 3' 3.5 6' 18.5 16.0 14.0 6' 5.0 6' 3.5 9" - 6.5 7.0 9' 5.0 9' 3.5 12' - - ' 6.5 12' 4.5 15' 4.5 Station H Station I Station K O' 9.0 0' 4.0 0' 8.0 q 3' 6' 9.0 9.0 3' 6' 4.0 4.0 3' f' 8.0 8.0 g) ' 9' - . 9. 0 9' 4.0 ,_ , 8 9' 8.0 , 12' 3.5 k.
.- - - ..-. ~ --
m-
I I '1HERMAL PLUME MONITORING H. B. ROBIRSON STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT January 11, 1977 Sempling Surface 3' 6' 9' 12' Station *C *F *C *F *C *F *C *F *C *F 8.5 I 5 6 7 14.0 14.5 15.5 57 58 60 14.0 14.5 15.5 57 58 60 11.0 13.5 14.0 52 56 57 7.0 8.0 47 45 46 7.0 7.0 45 45 14 17.5 63 17.0 63 14.0 57 15 16.5 62 15.5 60 13.5 56 16 17.0 63 16.5 62 16.0 61 7.0 45 6.5 44 17 17.0 63 17.0 63 16.5 62 7.5 45 7.5 45 18 16.0 61 16.0 61 15.5 60 9.0 48 7.0 45' 24 16.5 62 25 '8.0
. 64 18.0 64 6.5 I 26 27 28 18.0 17.5-16.0 64 63 61 17.5 17.0 16.0 63 63 61 14.5 14.0 14.0 50 57 57 7.0 7.0 45 45 6.5 44 44 14.0 5' I 32 33 34 15.0 15.0 59 59 15.Q 15.0 59 59 7.0 9.5 45 49 6.0 6.5 43 44 5.5 42 I 12.5 12.5 12.0 54 9.0 48 lower Big 12.5 55 55 55 I Beaverdam Creek 6.0 6.0 I Middle Big Beaverdam Creek 43 43 Upper Big 7.0 45 Beaverdam Creek I
I I I
- B-19
H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) February 22, 1977 Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 9.5 9.5 9.5 0' 9.3 9.5 9.5 E 3' 9.5 9.5 9.5 3' 9.5 9.5 9.5 5 6' 9.5 9.5 9.5 6' 9.5 9.5 9.5 9' 9.5 9.2 9.5 9' 9.5 9.5 9.5 12' 9.2 9.2 9.2 12' 9.5 9.5 9.5 15' 9.2 9.2 - 15' 9.5 9.5 9.5 18' 9.2 9.2 - 18' 9.5 9.5 9.5 . 21' - 9.2 - 21' 9.5 9.2 9.5 24' - 9.0 - 24' 9.5 9.2 9.2 27' - 9.0 - ?7' 9.2 9.2 9.2 30' 9.2 9.0 9.0 33' - 9.0 9.0 36' - - 9.0 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 O' 10.0 10.0 10.0 0' 11.0 11.5 11.0 3' 10.0 10.0 10.0 3' 11.0 11.5 13.0 3 6' 10.0 10.0 - 6' 11.0 11.5 1~. 0 E 9' 10.0 10.0 - 9' 10.5 11.5 11.0 12' 10.0 10.0 - 12' 10.0 11.0 11.0 15' 10.0 10.0 - 15' - 10.5 11.0 18' 9.5 9.5 - 18' - 10.2 - 21' 9.5 9.5 - 21' - 10.0 - 24' 9.5 9.5 - 27' - 9.5 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 12.0 12.0 12.5 0' 13.0 14.0 13.5 3' 12.0 12.0 12.5 3' 13.0 13.5 13.5 " 6' 12.0 12.3 12.5 6' 12.5 13.5 13.5 3 12.5 9' 11.0 13.5 13.5 " 9' - 12.0 12' - - 11.5 12' - 12.5 13.5 15' - - 11.5 15' - 10.5 12.5 E 18' - - 11.7 3 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 23.5 18.5 r'.0 0' 13.5 0' 8.0 3' 23.5 18.5 19.5 3' 12.5 3' 7.3 6' .? 3. 5 18.5 19.5 6' 10.5 6' 7.0 E 9' 23.5 10.0 10.v 9' 9.5 3-12' - 9.5 9.5 Station R Station I Station K O' 10.0 0' 7.5 0' 10.5 3' 10.0 3' 7.5 3' 10.5 6' 10.0 6' 7.2 6' 10.5 g 9' 7.2 9' 10.5 g B-20 E a
I H. B. ROBINSON WATER 4.. TATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE (*C) February 22, 1977 Note: All depths in ineters I Station
~
6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 I sfc 1. 2 14.0 14.0 14.0 17.0 17.0 16.5 18.0 18.0 18.0 sfc 1 2 20.0 20.0 19.0 19.0 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 3 10.0 9.5 10.0 3 - - 10.0 18.5 1. 9 . 0 I= 4 -
-9.5 9.5 4 - -
9.5 10.0 10.0 5 - - 5 - - - 9.5 - I Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 I sfc 1 2 21.5 21.5 21.5 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.5 19.5 19.0 19.0 sfc 1 2 17.5 18.5 18,5 18.5 19.0 19.0 19.0 I 10.0 10.0 10.0 - 3 - - - 3 - 4 - - 10.0 9.5 - 4 - - - I I i I
~
I I I I I I
. B-21
H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ( C) July 26,.1977 Transect A 3 2 1 Transecc B 3 2 1 0' 32.1 32.3 32.8 0' 32.1 32.2 32.1 3' 32.0 32.0 32.5 3' 32.0 32.0 32.0 6' 31.P 31.8 32.3 6' 31.9 31.9 32.0 . 9' 31., 31.8 32.0 9' 31.9 31.8 31.9 12' 31.7 31.8 31.9 12' 31.8 31.7 31.7 15' 31.7 31.7 - 15' 31.7 31.6 31.6 18' 31.7 31.7 - 18' 31.7 31.6 31 .6 g 21' 31.7 31.7 - 21' 31.5 31.5 31.5- 3 24' 31.7 31.7 - 24' 31.5 31.5 31.5 27' 31.7 31.7 - 27' 31
- 31.4 31.5 30' -- 31,6 - 30' 31.5 31.4 31,5 33' -
31.6 - 33' - 31.3 31.3 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 33.0' J2.8 32.8 0' 34.4 34. 4 34.3 3' 32.8 32.5 32.8 3' 34.4 33.6 32.3 3 6' 32.5 32.0 32.0 6' 33.0 32.3 32.2 5 9' 32.0 31.6 - 9' 32.2 32.0 31.7 12' 31.8 31.6 - 12' - 32.0 31.4 15' 31.8 31.5 - . 15' - 31.4 31.2 18' 31.7 31.4 - 18' - 31.3 31.2 21' 31.5 31.3 - 21' - 31.2 - 24' 31.5 31.2 - 24' - 31.2 - 27' 31.5 - - 27' - - - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 35.6 35.7 35.4 0' 36.0 35.2 35.0 ^ 3' 35.0 35.2 35.5 3' 36.0 35.4 35.0 m 6' 34.0 34.1 33.2 6' 34.5 34.7 34.5 l 9' -
.32.7 33.9 9' 33.6 33.5 33.5 12' - -
32.1 12' 32 3 33.0 33.0 15' - - 32.6 15' 32.4 32.7 32.0 18' - - 32.1 18' - - 30.8 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F. Station G O' 39.0 37.6 37.3 0' 33.4 L' 29.9 3' 39.0 36.5 37.5 3' 33.3 3' 29.0 y 6' 39.0 34.9 36.7 6' 31.0 6' 28.0 g 9' 39.0 34.6 33.0 9' 30.4 12' 39.0 - 32.2 15' 39.0 - Station H Station 1- Station K O' 31.0 0' 24,5 0' 29.7 3' 31.0 3' 24.c 3' 30.0 6' 26.3 6' 30.0
- July 27, 1977 t B-22 E
=
I H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE ('C) July 26,1977 Note: All depths in taeters I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 36.2 36.2 36.6 sfc 38.0 38.0 37.6 37.4 37.0 I afe 1 2 36.2 36.2' 36.2 36.2 36.2 34.6 1 2
;3.0 38.0 35.8 36.5 34.9 37.8 36.3 37.2 36.3 3 36.0 '35.7 34.0 3 - -
34.6 34.5 33.1 4 35.5 34.4 32.1 4 - - - 32.6 32.3 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 36.9 37.2 37.5 37.3 37.0 sfc 36.0 36.3 36.5 37.5 37.2 36.3 36.5 I 37.5 37.6 1 - 1 - 2 - - 37.0 36.7 36.5 2 - 36.2 35.5 3 - - 33.0 33.0 33.0 3 - 31.5 32.0 4 - - 32.2 32.2 32.3 4 - 31.3 - I I 4 I I I I I I I I B-23
i H. B. R04INSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) 5' August 30, 1977 Transret A 3 2 3 Transect B 3 2 1 I 0' 29.8 29.8 29.8 0' 29.8 30.0 30.0 3' 29.8 29.8 29.8 3' 29.8 29.9 30.0 6' 29.8 29.8 29.8 6' 29.6 29.9 30.0 9' 29.8 29.8 29.5 9' 29.6 29.6 29.9 12' 29.8 29.8 29.5 12' '29.6 29.6 29.9 15' 29.8 29.8 - 15' 29.5 29.6 29.8 18' 29 8 29.8 - 18' 29.5 29.6 29.8 g; 21' 29.5 29.5 - 21' 29.5 29.5 29.5 m, 24' ' 29.5 - 24' 29.4 29.4 29.5 ! 27' - 29.5 - 27' 29.0~ 29.1 29.1 30' - 29.5 - 30' 29.0 29.0 29.0 I 33' 29.0 28.9 28.8 Transect C .3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 33.0 30.6 30.0 0' 34.5 34.5 33.0 3' 32.9 30.5 30.3 3' 33.9 33.5 32.5 gI 6' 32.5 30.2 30.1 6' 33.0 33.0 31.3 3 l 9' 32.5 30.2 - 9' 32.5 32.3 31.3 i 12' 32.5 29.9 - 12' 32.0 32.1 31.0 ) l 15' 30.0 -29.9 - - 15' 28.2 29.3 30.9 18' 29.5 29.3 - IS' - 29.0 29.6 l 21' 27.5 28.9 - 21' - 27.5 - 24' - 28.9 - 27' - 28.8 - Trrnsect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 34.0 34.5 34.5 0' 35.5 34.0 34.0 ; 3' 32.7 34.0 34.2 3' 34.5 32.3 33.0 pu ; 6' 32.3 31. '/ 32.0 6' 31.8 31.0 31.7 l' 9' - 31.4 31.7 9' 30.3 30.0 31.1 12' - 31.1 31.5 12' 28.3 28.5 30.1 15' - 30.1 29.9 15' - - 29.0 18' - 28.7 29.3 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 39.7 37.0 37.7 0' 34.7 0' 30.3 3' 39.3 37.0 36.5 3' 31.5 3' 29.3 5 6' 39.3 34.0 34.5 6' 31.1 6' 26.5 g 9' 39.5 31.0 30.5 E' 29.3 9' 25.7 12' 39.3 30.2 30.1 g 15' 39.5 -
'29.0 54 Station H Station I Station K O' 30.5 0' 26.0 0' 29.0 3' 30.5 3' 25.5 3' 29.0 ,
6' 25'.5 6' 29.0
. . B-24 5 -
H. B. ROBINSON k'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE ('C) I August 30, 1977 Note: All depths in meters l Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 35.5 36.5 37.0 sfc 39.3 37.7 37.0 37.5 39.5 1 35.0 35.0 36.5 1 39.5 36.0 37.0 37.5 37.5 2 32.1 32.3 32.3 2 - 32.7 34.0 34.7 34.0 ,1 3 31.5- 31.0 31.0 3 - 32.0 31.0 30.7 30.7 4 - 30.0 30.0 4 - - 30.2 29.9 29.5 Station 24 25 25 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 38.0 38.0 38.0 37.7 37.3 sfc 36.5 37.5 37.5' . 1 - - 35.3 36.5 37.5 1 - 36.5 37.5
- . 2 - -
35.0 34.5 34.) 2 - 35.0 35.0 3 - - 31.0 30.5 30.5 3 - 31.0 30.7 l I 4 5 30.5 30.1 29.0 4 - - - 1 I' 4 I . I I I ' I I I -
- 25
H. B. Rv21NSON WATER TDiPERATURE PROFILE S2ptctbar 27, 1977 Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 31.0 31.0 30.5 0' 31.0 31.0 31.1 3' 31.0 31.0 30.4 3' 31.0 31.0 31.1 6' 30.9 31.0 30.4 6' 31.0 31.0 31.0 9' 30.9 31.0 30.2 9' 30.8 31.0 31.0 12' 30.7 31.0 30.2 12' 30.7 31.0 31.0 15' 30.6 31.0 - 15' 30.7 30.8 31.0 18' 30.5 30.9 - 18' 30.6 30.8 31.0 21' 30.5 30.9 - 21' 30.5 30.5 30.9 E 24' 30.5 30.8 24' 30.5 30.S 30.8 5 27' - 30.8 - 27' 30.5 30.4 29.2 30' - 30.7 - 30' 30.5 29.6 28.3 g 33' - 30.6 - 33' - - 28.1 g 36' - - 28.0 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 31.4 31.4 31.4 0' 31.8 32.0 31.5 3' 31.4 31.4 31.4 3' 31.8 32.0 31.5 E' 6' 31.4 31.4 31.4 6' 31.5 32.0 31.5 3 4 9' 31.4 33.4 - 9' 31.0 32.0 31.5 12' 31.0 31.4 - 12' 31.0 31.5 31.5 15' 30.8 30.6 - . 15' 31.0 31.1 31.0 18' 30.5 30.5 - 18' - 30.9 31.0 21' 30.4 29.0 - 21' - 30.4 - 24' 30.2 28.6 - 27' - 27.8 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 32.5 32.8 33.4 0' 33.5 33.2 33.1 3' 32.5 32.8 33.1 3' 33.5 32.2 33.1 gg 6' 32.5 32.8 33.1 6' 33.3 33.2 33.1 ll 9' 32.5 32.8 33.1 9' 32.5 33.2 33.1 12' - 32.5 32.0 12' - 31.2 33.1 15' - 30.2 31.0 15' - 30.0 29.8 13' - 30.0 30.2 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 33.0 31.5 32.5 0' 30.0 0' 26.6 3' 33.3 32.0 32.5 3' 29.5 3' 26.3 6' 33.3 31.5 32.5 6' 26.5 6' 24.6 9' 33.3 28.0 27.0 9' 25.8 9' 23.2 12' ^33.3 - 26.6 15' 33.3 - - Station H Station K O' 28.9 0' 28.3 3' 28.3 Note: Station I not sampled due to malfunction of therm 1 ster B-26
I l H. B. kOBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE ('C) I September 27, 1977 Note: All depths .in ineters Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 31.4 31.5 32.4 sfc 33.5 32.5 31.5 32.5 32.0 1 31.4 31.7 32.4 1 33.5 31.5 32.0 32.5 32.0 2 30.0 31.5 32.4 2 - 29.5 31.5 32.5 32.0 3 28.5 29.0 29.4 3 - - 28.0 27.5 32.0 4 - 27.4 27.1 4 - - - 27.0 - Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 .- 33.3 32.5 32.5 32.5 31.0 31.5 32.0 I 33.4 sfc sfc 1 - - 32.8 32.5 32.5 2 3'. 2 31.8 31.5 2 - - 32.5 32.5 32.5 2 - 31.8 32.0 3 - - 30.0 27.0 - 3 - 27.0 27.5 I 4 - - 27.0 26.6 - 4 - - - I- ' 3 I I g . B. I I I I L I27
I H. B. POBINSON k'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) un October 11, 1977 Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 I 0' 24.2 24.2 24.4 0' 23.7 24.1 24.2 3' 23.5 23.7 24.3 3' 23.3 23.5 24.0 6' 23.3 23.4 23.7 C' 23.2 23.2 23.5 9' 23.3 23.3 23.5 9' 23.1 23.1 23.2 12' 23.2 23.3 23.1 12' 23.0 23.0 23.1 15' 23.2 23.1 - 15' 23.0 23.0 23.0 1C' 23.2 23.1 - 18' 22.9 23.0 23.0 21' 23 1 23.1 21' 22.7 22.9 E 22.9 3 24' 23.0 23.1 - 24' 22.7 12.9 22.7 27' - 23.1 - 27' 22.7 22.7 22.7 30' - 23.0 - 30' 22.7 22.7 22.7 33' - 23.0 - 33' - 22.7 22.7 36' - 22.9 - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 24.6 24.1 24.1 0' 25.3 25.0 25.0 g 3' 24.2 23.5 23.2 3' 24.6 24.0 23.5 5 6' 23.8 23.4 23.0 6' 24.1 23 5 23.1 9' 23.5 23.2 - 9' 23.9 23.0 23.0 E 12' 23.2 23.2 -
, 12' -
22.9 23.0 g 15' 23.0 22.9 - 15' - 22.8 22.8 18' 22.9 22.9 - 18' - 22.8 22.8 21' 22.7 22.7 - 21' - 22.7 22.7 24' 22.-7 22.7 - 24' - - 22.7 27' - 22.7 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 24.8 25.9 26.1 0' 26.5 26.1 25.5 un 3' 24.8 25."1 25.9 3' 25.6 24.8 25.1 ll 6' 2 4 . :', 23.8 23.5 6' 23.7 24.0 24.1 9' - 23.5 23.2 9' 23.2 23.5 23.6 12' - 23.3 23.2 12' - 23.2 23.4 15' - 23.2 23.1 15' - - 22.2 18' -
'2.1 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 29.3 28.1 28.9 0' 24.5 0' 19.5 g 3' 29.5 27.9 27.8 3' 23.4 3' 18.5 5 6' 29.5 72.5 26.0 6' 20.7 6' 17.7 9' -
22.0 22.6 9' 20.5 - 12' - 22.7 22.3 12' 20.5 15' 20.2 Station H Station I* Station K O' 24.7 0' 17.2 0' 22.5 3' 24.7 3' 17.1 3' 22.5 6' 17'.1 6' 22.5
- Sampled October 12, 1977 ,
B 5
H..B.ROBINSONWATERTEMPkRATUREPROFILEINAREAOFDISCHARGE(*C) I October 11, 1977 Note: All depths in meters Station 5 6 7 ' Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 26'.9 26.7 27.1 sfc 29.5 23.0- 28.1 28.4 28.1 l 1 25.4 25.1 26.6 1 29.5' 27.9 27.9 28.2 28.1 2 25.1 23.9 23.7 2 29.5 24.3 24.5 25.7 25.9 I 3 4 23.8 22.9 22.7 23.1 22.5 3 4 23.0 22.7 22.6 22.5 22.7 22.6 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 ofc 29.3 29.0 28.9 28.4 27.8 27.8 I 27.8 sfc ; 1 - - 27.6 17.8 28.2 1 - 27.1 26.8 1 2 - - 25.6 26.0 26.1 2 - 25.8 24.8 3 - - 22.6 22.6 22.5 3 - 21.7 22.0 j 4 - - 22.5 22.3 - 4 - - - j i i 1 l I I l l s I I .I I I B-29
I H. B. ROBINSON WATER TIMPERATURE PROFILE (C') November 8, 1977 Ii Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 I 0' 19.5 19.5 19.5 0' 19.9 19.9 19.9 3' 19.5 19.5 19.5 3' 19.9 19.9 19.9 6' 19.5 19.5 19.5 6' 19.9 19.9 19.9 0' 19.5 19.5 19.5 9' 19.9 19.9 19.9 12' 19.5 19.5 19.5 12' 19.9 19.9 19.9 15' 19.5 19.5 19.5 15' 19.9 19.7 19.9 18' - 19.5 19.5 18' 19.5 19.6 19.5 21' - 19.5 - 21' 19.4 19.4 19.5 24' - 19.5 - 24' 19.2 19.3 19.5 27' - 19.2 - 27' 19.2 19.2 19.3 30' - 19.2 - 30' 19.2 19.2 19.2 33' - 19.2 - 33' - 19.2 19.2 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 0' 20.1 20.1 20.0 0' 20.1 20.4 20.3 3' 20.1 20.1 20.0 3' 20.1 20.4 20.3 6' 20.1 20.1 20.0 6' 20.1 20.4 20.3 9' 20.1 20.1 - 9' 20.1 20.4 20.3 12' 20.0 20.1 - 12' 20.1 20.3 20.0 - 15' 20.0 20.1 - 15' - 20.3 - 18' 19.5 19.5 - 18' - 20.2 -
.21' 19.1 19.2 -
21' - 19.1 - 24' 19.0 19.0 - 24' - 19.C - 27' - 18.9 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 20'.5 20.5 20.5 0' 20.8 20.7 20.5 3' 20.5 20.5 20.5 3' 20.8 20.6 20.5 mm 6' 20.5 20.5 20.5 6' 20.8 20.6 20.5 l 9' - 20.5 20.5 9' 20.4 20.5 20.5 12' - 20.5 20.5 12' 20.0 20.3 20.5 15' - 20.4 19.9 15' 18.9 19.1 - 18' - - 19.0 18' - 18.8 - 21' - - 18.9 24' - - 18.5 l 18.5 E. Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 20.8 20.9 20.8 0' 19.7 0' 19.4 3' 20.S 20.9 20.7 3' 19.7 3' 18.7 6' 20.8 20.7 20.6 6' 19.3 6' 18.3 9' - 20.5 20.2 9' 19.0 C' 18.3 12' - 20.0 20.0 , Station H Station I Station K E. O' 19.6 0' 18.0 0' 19.5 3' 19.6 3' 38.0 3' 19.5 6' 19.6 6' 19.5 9' 17.8 i B-30 12' 17.8 5
I ~ H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE' PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCPARGE ('C) November 8, 1977 Note: All depths in meters Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 20.8 20.6 20.5 sfc 20.6 20.8 20.9 21.0 20.9 1 20.8 20.6 20.5 1 20.6 20.7 20.9 21.0 20.9 2 20.6 20.6 20.5 2 20.6 20.7 20.1 20.7 20.8 I 3 4 5 20.4 20.6 20.0 20.5 19.4 19.0 3 4 20.5 20.5 20.0 20.6 19.5 20.7 19.7 I Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.8 20.8 sfc 20.3 20.4 20.1 1 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.7 20.8 1 20.3 20.3 20.2 2 - - 20.5 20.6 20.6 2 - 20.1 20.2 3 - - 20.1 20.2 20.6 3 - 19.9 20.0 4 - - 20.1 20.2 - 4 - 19.9 19.9 .g I LI I l B-317
H. B. ROBINSON WATEF TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) Decembcr 5,1977 Tr'ansect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 0' 15.8 15.8 15.7 0' 16.0 16.0 16.0 3' 15.8 15.6 15.7 3' 16.0 E' 15.' 16.0 5 6' 15.6 15.6 15.7 6' 15.8 15.8 16.C 9' 15.6 15.6 15.7 9' 15.8 15.8 16.0 12' 15.6 15.6 15.7 12' g 15.8 15.8 16.0 g 15' 15.6 15.6 15.5 15' 15.8 15.8 ,' .5 . 0 18' 15.5 15.6 - 18' 15.8 15.8 15.9 21' - 15.5 - 21' 15.8 15.8 15.9 24' - 15.5 - 24' -15.8 15.8 15.9 27' - 15.5 - 27' 15.8 15.8 15.9 30' - 15.5 - 30' - 15.8 15.8 33' - 15.5 - 33' - 15.8 15.8 - 36' - 15.8 - Transact C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 ., O' 17.5 17.5 16.5 0' 18.5 18.0 18.0 3' 17.5 17.5 16.2 3' 18.5 18.0 18.0 6' 17.4 l 17.5 16.2 6' 18.5 -18.0 18.0 ; 9' 17.4 17.5 - 9' 18.5 18.0- 17.7 l 12' 17.0 17.0 - 12' 18.0 18.0 17.5 , 15' 16.8 16.5 - - 15' 17.8 17.6 17.0 18' 16.3 16.4 - 18' 17.5 17.5 - 21' 16.2 16.2 21' 17.0 g 24' - 16.2 - 24' - 17.0 - g 27' - 16.0 - Transect T 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 0' 10.0 19.0 18.5 0' 20.9 20.5 20.0 3' 18.0 19.0 18.5 3' 20.9 20.5 20.0 E 6' 18.0 19.0 18.5 6' 20.7 20.5 20.0 E 9* - 18.9 18.5 9' 20.1 20.5 20.0 12' - 19.0 18.5 12' 18.1 20.0 20.0 g 15' - - 18.5 15' 17.5~ 17.0 20.0 18' E 18.5 18' - - 19,8 Trancect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G O' 2!:.5 22.0 22.7 0' 18.1 0' 13.5 i' 24.5 22.0 22.7 3' 18.1 3' 13.2 6' 24.0 22.0' 22.7 6' 17.6 6' 13.0 9' - 22.0 22.5 9' 16.2 12' - - 21.5 - 15' - - 17.5 Station H Si:ation 1* g.. O' 15.8 0' 12.5 g 3' 15.8 3' 12.5 6' 15.5 6' 12.4 ,
- December 6, 1977
\/ B-32 5 -
l l H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE ('C) Decembe'r 5, 1977 Note: All depths in seters Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 21.5 22.0 22.0 sfc 24.0 22.8 22.0 22.0 22.0 1 21.5 22.0 22.0 1 24.0 22.8 22.0 22.0 22.0 2 21.5 22.0 22.0 2 24.0 22.5 22.0 22.0 22.0 3 20 9 22.0 22.0 3 - 22.5 22.0 22.0 22.0 4 20.0 19.5 19.5 4 - - - 19.4 22.0 5 - 18.5 16.6 5 - - - 18.4 - l Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34
)
sfc 23.5 23.4 23.0 22.7 22.0 sfc 21.5 20.8 21.0 l 1 - 23.4 23.0 22.7 22.0 1 - 20.8 21.0 ! 2 - 21.5 23.0 22.7 22.0 2 - 20.8 21.0 3 - 20.1 23.0 22.5 - 3 - 19.5 21.0
- 4 -
18.0 17.0 21.5 - 4 - 15.7 - 5 - - - 17.5 - I I I. I I g B-33
H. B. ROEINSON MATER TDfPERAnTRE PROFILE (*0) January 30, 1978 g Note: All depths in racters E Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 sfe- b . 3. 8.0 8.0 sfc 8.3 8.3 8.5 1 8.3 8.0 8.0 1 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.3 8.0 2 8.0 2 8.3 8.3 8.5 3 8.0 8.0 8.0 3 8.0 8.3 7.9 8.3 4 8.0 8.0 4 8.0 8.2 8.3 5 7.C 7.9 - 5 6.0 E 8.2 8.3 5 6 7.9 7.8 - 6 8.0 8.2 7.8 8.3 7 7.8 - 7 8.0 8.2 8 - 7.8 g 8 8.0 8.2 - 9 - 7.8 - 9 8.0 8.2 - E 10 - 7.8 - 10 11 8.2 - 7.8 - 12 - 7.8 - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 ~ sfc 8.3 8.3 8.4 sfc 8.0 8.4 8.4 1 8.3 8.3 8.4 1 8.0 8.4 8.4 1 8.3 2.3 8.4 2 7.3 8.3 8.2 3 3 8.3 8.2 - 3 6.8 7.8 3 7.8 4 8.1 8.2 - 4 7.8 7.8 5 8.1 8.0 - 5 - 7.8 7.8 6 8.1 7.9 - 6 - 7.5 - 7 8.1 7.9 - 7 - 7.3 - 8 8.1 7.9 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 5 sic 7.7 7.8 8.1 sfc 7.8 7.8 7.8 1 7.5 7.8 8.0 E 1 7.8 7.8 7.8 2 7.3 7.8 7.9 2 7.8 7.8 7.8 3 7.3 7.4 7.8 E 3 7.7 7.7 7.2 g 4 - 7.5 7.5 4 - 7.3 6.9 5 - 7.3 7.5 5 - 7.1 6.8 6 - 7.3 7.3 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G* sfc 7.5 8.3 9.7 t2 0.0 sfc 0.0 1 7.8 7.2 8.8 1 2.8 1 7.3 4.9 5.6 2 2.8 3 - 4.7 48 3 2.8 g 4 - 4.7 1.5 4 2.8 g Station H Tcation I Station K sfc 8.2 sfc 2.5 sfc 7.6 1 8.2 1 1.4 1 7.9 2 B.2 2 1.1 2 7.9 l 8.2 R 3 3 1.1 3 7.9 i
- Ice on lake from Station F northward prevented sampling of Station G.
i I - H. B. ROBINSON L'ATER TDiPERATURE PROFILE IN: AREA 0F DISCHARGE ('C) January 30, 1978 Note: All depths in tieters I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 l sfc 7.2 6, 9 0.1 sfc 9.5 8.9 8.3 8.8 9.0 1 6.8 6.9 8.1 1 9.7 8.2 7.2 8.8 9.0 l 2 6.8 6.9 7.8 2 9.7 5.8 4.9 8.5 9.0 ' 3 6.3 5.8 7.8 3 - 5.3 4.7 6.3 8.7 4 6.3 5.5 6.8 4 - - 4.7 5.3 5.6 Station 25 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 ' 34 I sfc 1 2 9.4 9.7 9.6 4.3 9.3 5.8 3.9 9.7 8.8 5.6 8.3 8.3 7.3 afe 1 2 3.0 3.3 4.5
- 3. 0 3.3 4.3 3.3 4.3
~l 4.2 I
3 - 3.8 4.6 6.8 3 - 3.3 3.9 4 - - 3.8 4.5 - 4 - 3.3 - I I I I I I I I LI - B-35
H._ B. ROBINSON k'ATER TDiPERATURE PROFILE (C') Fcbru:ry 14, 1978 Note: All depths in meters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 sfc 7.0 7.3 8.1 sfc 7.4 7.4 7.4 1 7.0 7.2 8.0 1 7.4 7.4 7.3 2 7.0 7.2 7.9 2 7.4 7.3 s.3 3 7.0 7.2 7.8 3 7.3 .7.2 7.1 4 7.0 7.2 7.6 4 7.3 7.1 7.1 5 7.0 7.0 - 5 7.0 7.1 7.0 6 7.0 6.9 - 6 7.0 7.0 7.0 7 6.9 6.9 - 7 7.0 7.0 6.8 l 5 8 - 6.9 - 8 7.0 6.9 6.5 9 - 6.9 - 9 7.0 6.5 6.5 g 10 - 6.8 - 10 6.5 6.5 6.5 11 - 6.7 - 11 - - 6.5 3 Transect C 3 '2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 sfc 7.0 7.2 7.5 sfc 7.5 7.2 7.1 1 7.0 7.1 7.5 1 7.4 7.2 7.1 -, 2 6.9 7.0 7.4 2 7.1 7.1 7.0 l 3 6.9 7.0 - 3 7.0 7.0 7.0 4 6.7 7.0 ) 4 - 7.0 7.0 E l 5 6.7 7.0 - 5 - 7.0 I 6 6.5 7.0 E 6 - 7.0 - 7 6.5 7.0 - 7 - 6.9 - 8 6.5 7.0 - 8 - 6.7 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA .. 2 1 ; sfc 8.0 8.0 7.8 afc 8.0 7.7 7.6 1 8.0 8.0 7.8 1 8.0 7.7 7.6 2 7.6 7.9 7.6 2 7.9 7.6 7.5 EB 3 7.5 7.6 7.6 4 - 7.2 7.6 3 4 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.5 5 7.5 5 - - 7.6 5 - 7.5 7.5 g Transect E 3 2 1 Station F
.p Station G sfc 9.0 9.0 8.0 sfc 6.2 sfc 6.5 1 9.0 9.4 8.0 1 6.1 1 6.1 2 9.0 9.3 8.0 2 6.1 2 6.1 3 9.0 9.0 7.5 6.0 4 9.0 8.5 7.4 3 g' 4 5.9 m 5 9.0 - -
Station H Station I Station K sfc 7.8 sfc 7.0 sfc 8.2 1 7.7 1 6.5 1 8.0 2 6.5 2 8.0 3 6.4 3 8.0 I m3e n
1 I R. 3. 208IN80lt W TER TREFERATURE PROPILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE ('C) February 14, 1978
-l Note: All depths in meters I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfe 8.0 8.2 8.8 sfc 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.2 8.9 1 8.0 8.2 8.8 1 9.0 9.0 9.4 9.2 8.9 2 8.0 8.a 8.8 2 9.0 8.6 9.3 9.0 8.9 3 8.0 8.2 8.8 3 -
8.5 9.0 9.0 8.7 4 89 8.2 8.8 4 - - 8.5 8.8 8.7 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 6.5 6.8 7.0 g afe 9.0 7.2 s. 8.0 8.0 8.1 1 - 6.8 6.9 g 1 - 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 2 - 6.8 6.9 2 - - 8.0 8.0 8.0 3 - 6.8 6.9 3 - - 7.5 7.5 8.0 4 - - 7.0 7.4 - I . I I I I I I I I -n
l H.B.ROBkNSONWATERTEMPERATUREPROFILE('C) i
, March 15,'1978 <
'~
Note: All depths in toeters
.. N .
Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 , sfc 11.4 11.6 11.0 sfc 11.5 11.6 11.4 1 11.0 10.7 10.6 1 11.3 11.2 11.2 2 10.7 10.5 10.4 2 11.1 11.0 10.9 3 10.5 10.2 10.2 3 11.0 10.9 10.7 4 10.4 10.1 10.1 4 10.9 10.6 10.3 5 10.2 10.1 - 5 10.7 10.4 10.2 rw 6 10.2 10.1 10.4 10.3 10.2 6 b 7 10.2 10.0 - 7 10.2 10.0 10.1 8 10.1 10.0 - 8 10.0 9.9 10.0 9 - 10.0 - 9 9.8 9.7 10.0 10 - 9.9 - 10 9.7 9.7 9.9 11 - 9.6 - 12 - 9.2 . 13 - 9.2 - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 sfc 11.8 11.9 11.7 sfc 12.9 12.9 12.6 1 11.6 11.7 11.5 1 12.3 12.2 11.8 2 11.5 11.5 11.3 , 2 11.9 12.0 11.6 3 11.4 11.4 - 3 11.7 11.5 J1.5 4 11.3 11.2 - 4 11.5 11.4 11.2 5 11.2 11.1 - 5 - 11.3 - 6 11.0 11.1 - 6 - 11.2 - 7 10.9 11.0 - 7 - 11.0 - 8 10.8 - - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 um sfc 13.4 13.1 13.3 sfc 13.4 13.4 13.3 g 1 12.6 12.6 12.6 1 12.7 12.7 12.5 2 - 12.4 12.3 2 12.5 12.5 12.4 3 - 12.2 12.0' 3 12.4 12.3 12.0 4 - - 11.8 4 - 12.0 12.0 5 - - 11.7 5 - - 11.8 6 - - 11.6 7 - - 11.6 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G sfc 13.4 13.1 13.7 sfc 13.9 sfc 15.3 i 13.3 12.8 12.9 1 13.6 1 14.9 2 13.2 - 12.5 2 12.8 2 13.2 3 13.1 - 12.3 4 13.1 - - Station H Station I* Station K sfc 12.2 sf: 16.9 sfc 13.0 E 1 12.0 1 16.9 1 13.0 12.0 {' 'n 2 2 16.2 2 12.9 3 15.9 3 12.8
- March 16, 1978 B-38 5 g
I R. B. ROBINSON k'ATER TDiPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE ('C) March 15, 1978 I_ Note: All depths,in meters I Statien 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 'I sfc 1 13.9 13.4 13.5 13.0 12.6 13.8 13.2 12.8 sfc 1 14.4 13.1 13.5 13.3 13.0 13.1 12.8 13.3 12.8 13.2 12.9 . 2 - 2 - - 12.5 12.6 I 3 4 12.5 12.6 12.5 3 4 12.3 12.3 12.5 12.4 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 13.7 13.5 13.9 13.7 13.0 sfc 13.6 13.6 13.5 I 1 2 13.0 12.7 12.9 12.5 12.6 12.5 1 2 13.1 12.7 13.,1 12.8 3 - - 12.5 12.3 12.3 3 - 12.4 12.6 4 - - 12.3 - - E - I I I I I I
~
LI I
H. B. ROBINSON WATER TDfPERATURE PROFILE ('C) April 24, 1978 g Note: All depths in meters l Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 sfc 20.3 20.9 21.9 sfc 20.5 21.0 21.9 1 19.3 20.6 21.8 1 20.1 21.0 21.0 2 18.8 19 6 20.3 2 19.0 19.0 19.0 3 18.7 19.1 19.9 3 18.8 18.6 18.8 4 18.7 18.6 - 4 18.4 18.4 18.5 g 5 18.4 18.6 - 5 18.3 18.3 18.3 3 6 18.1 18.5 - 6 18.3 18.0 18.3 7 - 18.4 - 7 18.2 .18.0 18.1 8 - 18.1 - 8 18.0 18.0 18.0 9 - 18.1 - 9 18.0 18.0 - 10 - 18.0 - 10 - 17.9 - , 11 - 17.9 - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 sfc 20.4 20.6 21.0 sfc 20.2 20.6 20.8 1 19.8 20.3 20.8 1 19.5 20 3 20.9 2 19.3 19.5 19.9 2 19.0 19.8 19.4 g 3 19.0 19.1 - 3 18.8 19.3 19.1 g 4 19.0 19.0 - 4 - 19.0 19.0 5 18.8 18.6 - 5 - 18.8 - 6 18.5 18.0 - 6 - 18.1 - 7 18.0 - - 7 - 17.9 - 8 18.0 - - Transect D -3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 sfc 20.5 20.8 21.0 sfc 21.5 21.4 21.0 g 1 20.0 20.6 21.0 1 20.6 20.0 21.0 3 2 - 19.6 19.8 2 19.3 19.3 19.5 3 - 18.9 19.0 3 18.5 18.3 19.0 ,, 4 - - 17.6 A - 17.6 17.3 g 5 - - 17.5 5 - 17.3 17.0 Transect E 3* 2 1 Station F Station G sic 20.9 21.3 22.5 sfc 20.4 sfc 18.4 1 20.8 21.0 22.2 1 17.6 1 16.6 E ' 2 20.7 20.5 19.7 2 16.0 2 15.5 3 ' 3 - 17.0 16.7 3 15.8 4 - 16.6 16.4 g 5 - 16.5 - E Station H* Station 1* Station K* sfc 17.8 - sfc 15.0 sfc 17.8 1 17.8 1 15.0 1 17.8 2 17.8 2 14.9 2 17.8
- April 26, 1978 B-40 Ef
$* 9' 4$I*
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I H. B. ROBINSON '.'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA OF DISCHARGE (*C) April 24, 1978 Note: All depths in n.eters I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 it 17 18 sfc 21.0 21.3 21.7 sfc 23.0 21.4 21.3 21.0 22.5 1 20.6 20.6 21.0 1 22.3 21.1 21.0 21.0 22.0 2 20.0 17.9 19.5 2 - 19.9 20.5 21.0 21.2 3 - 17.9 19.0 3 - 18.8 17.0 18.6 17.1 - 4 - - 17.1 4 - - 16.6 16.5 16.6 5 - - 16.5 - - Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 E sfc 22.4 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.7 sfc 22.0 22.4 22.4 1 22.4 22.0 22.4 22.2 22.3 1 22.0 21.8 22.4 19.5 19.7 20.6 19.0 I 2 - - 2 - - 3 - - 16.8 16.7 - 3 - 16.6 - 4 - - 16.3 16.4 - 4 - 16.4 - I I I I I I
.I I
I B-41 W
l H, B. ROBINSON k'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) May 23, 1978 Note: All depths in meters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 sfc 27.6 27.5 27.5 sfc 27.8 27.8 28.0 1 27.5 27.6 27.5 1 27.8 27.6 28.0 2 27.0 27.0 26.6 2 27.1 27.2 27.5 3 26.7 26.9 26.5 3 26.9 26.9 26.6 4 26.6 26.5 26.5 4 26.5 26.5 26.4 - 5 24.8 24.5 - 5 24.2 24.5 24.6 6 23.2 23.3 - 6 23.0 23.0 23.0 7 23.0 22.2 22.5 22.2 l 7 22.5 5 8 - 22.0 - 8 22.0 21.5 21.7 9 - 21.5 - 9 - 21.0 20.7 g 10 - 21.0 - 10 - 20.7 20.7 3 11 - 21.0 - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 sfc 29.0 28.6 28.2 sfc 29.9 30.4 30.0 1 29.0 28.5 28.2 1 30.0 29.6 28.4 2 27.7 27.5 27.5 2 28.0 27.8 27.4 3 27.0 27.0 - 3 27.8 27.0 2 /.0 4 26.1 25.9 26.6 25.2 4 5 5 25.0 25.0 - - 5 - 24.3 - 3 6 22.5 23.1 - 6 - 22.5 - 7 22.2 21.7 - 7 - 22.0 - 8 22.0 21.2 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 sfc 29.4 31.0 31.5 afe 31.8 30.7 30.6 1 27.5 30.4 31.5 1 30.8 30.0 29.7 2 - 27.5 27.5 2 27.4 30.0 27.5 as 3 - 27.0 27.0 3 25.4 25.5 25.8 l 4 - - 25.5 4 - 22.1 22.5 5 - - 22.5 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G sfc 33.9 32.3 33.3 sfc 29.0 sfc 24.0 1 34.0 32.0 33.2 1 20.L 1 21.9 2 34.0 27.5 31.1 2 23.0 3 34.0 24.5 25.0 3 22.5 3 4 34.0 - 22.0 3 5 34.0 - - Station H* Statica 1* Station K* sfc 26.2 sfc 21.5 sfc 25.2 1 26.2 1 21.4 1 25.2 2 26.1 2 21.0 2 25.2 3 25 2
- May 24, 1978 I
B-42
s l H. B. ROBINSON WTER TDCPERATURE PROT 112 IN AREA 0F DISCEARGE (*C) - May 23, 1978 Note: All depths in meters s, l L Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 31.0 32.0 32.7 sfe 33.0 32.4 32.3 32.5 32.6
~
1 30.0 31.6 3't . i 1 27.3 31.5 32.0 32.5 32.6 2 - 28.3 27.0 2 - 27.5 27.5 32.0 24.5 3 - 25.0' 26.0 3 - 26.4 24.5 24.5 - 4 - - 22.5 4 - - - 21.0 - 7 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 afe 33.5 31.6 33.0 33.5 33.0 sfc 31.8 32.2 32.6 1 - 31.4 32.8 33.2 33.0 1 - 32.5 32.6 I 2 - - 30.4 24.0 31.1 25.0
- 2 -
30.5 23.9 31.0 3 - - - 3 - 24.0 4 - - - 22.0 - I I I I I B-43
r H. B. ROBINSON WATER TDGERATURE PROFILE ('C) Jun3 27,1978 Note: All depths in meters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect 3 3 2 I 1 sfc 29.5 29.5 29.5 sfc 30.0 30.0 30.0 1 29.5 29.5 29.5 1 30.0 30.0 30.0 2 29.0 29.5 29.5 2 29.5 30.0 29.5 g 3 29.0 29.5 29.0 3 29.5 29.5 29.5 3 4 29.5 29.0 29.0 4 29.0 29.5 29.0 5 19.5 29.0 29.0 5 29.0 29.5 29.0 6 29.5 28.5 29.0 6 28.5 29.0 28.5 7 - 28.5 28.5 7 28.0 28.5 28.0 8 - 28.5 28.0 8 28.0 28.5 28.0 9 - 28.0 - 9 27.5 26.0 27.3 10 - 27.5 - 10 27.0 27.5 27.0 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 sfc 30.0 30.0 30.0 sfc 31.5 30.5 31.0 1 30.0 30.0 30.0 1 31.5 30.5 31.0 2 30.0 30.0 30.0 2 31.0 30.5 31.0 3 30.0 30.0 - 3 31.0 30.5 30.5 4 30.0 30.0 - 4 - 30.5 30.0 5 29.0 29.0 - 5 - 30.5 29.5 6 28.5 28.5 - 6 - 29.5 29.0 7 28.0 28.5 - 7 - 29.0 - 8 27.5 28.0 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 sfc 33.0 33.0 33.5 efe 34.5 33.5 33.0 1 33.0 33.0 33.0 1 34.5 34.0 33.0 2 - 32.5 33.0 2 33.5 33.0 33.0 l 3 - 32.0 31.5 3 - 32.0 32.0 8 4 - - 31.0 4 - 30.5 29.5 I 5 - -- 28.5 5 - 27.5 27.5 l 6 - - 28.5 6 - - 27.0 g l 5 l Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G sfc 38.0 36.5 36.0 afe 34.0 sfc 30.0 1 37.5 36.5 36.0 1 32.5 1 28.5 2 38.0 35.0 34.5 2 30.0 2 26.0 3 - 30.5 31.0 3 28.0 Station R Station I efe 30.5 sfc 24.5 1 30.0 1 24.0 2 30.0 2 24.0 B-44 M
a ~ H. B. ROEINSON KATER TIMPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE (*C) June 27, 1978 Note: All depths in meters L Station 5 o 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 34.0 33.5 36.5 sfc 38.0 36.0 36.5 36.5 36.0
. 34.0 35.5 36.5 1 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.0 36.0 2 33.0 33.0 34.0 2 33.5 35.5 35.0 36.0 36.0 3 32.0 32.5 33.0 3 -
33.5 30.5 32.0 30.5 4 - 29.5 30.0 4 - - - 28 5 28.0 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 38.' 37.5 36.5 36.0 35.5 afe 36.0 36.0 36.0 1 - 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 1 35.5 36.0 36.0 2 - - 35.0 34.5 - 2 - 34.5 35.0 3 - - 30.5 31.0 - 3 - 30.0 30.0 l l l l l 1 1 I B-45 l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _
H. B. ROBINSO.. k'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) July 17, 1978 Note: All depths in meters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect 3 3 2 1 sfc 30.9 30.9 31.0 sfc 30.3 29.9 29.8 I 1 30.0 30.5 30.0 1 28.9 29.0 28.7 j 2 28.9 28.2 28.9 2 28.0 28.8 27.9 ' 3 27.3 27.0 28.9 3 26.5 26.5 27.5 4 27.0 26.6 28.0 4 26.0 26.0 26.7 5 26.5 26.5 27.8 5 25.9 25.9 26.0 g; 6 26.0 26.2 - 6 25.9 25.9 26.0 Ei 7 26.0 26.0 - 7 25.3 25.6 25.9 ' 8 25.9 26.0 - 8 25.3 25.6 25.8 9 25.9 26.0 - 9 25.1 25.3 25.5 ' 10 25.8 26.0 - 10 25.1 25.3 25.5 11 25.5 26.0 - 12 - 26.0 - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 sfc 30.0 29.4 28.1 sfc 31.2 30.0 27.9 1 30.0 29.2 26.9 1 29.0 27.6 27.0 2 28.3 26.3 26.5 2 28.0 27.0 26.5 g 3 26.4 26.1 - . 3 - 26.0 26.0 g 4 26.0 25.8 - 4 - 26.0 25.8 5 25.8 25.8 - 5 - 25.5 - 6 25.5 25.8 - 6 - 25.4 - 7 25.5 25.5 - 7 - 25.2 - 8- 25.3 25.3 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 sfc 33.9 32.9 32.0 sfc 34.0 31.8 32.5 as 1 28.0 28.2 27.9 1 28.7 29.8 28.0 g 2 27.5 27.1 27.0 2 27.0 27.0 2 7 . .' 3 - 26.7 26.5 3 - 25.2 26.0 4 - 26.2 26.2 4 - 25.0 23.8 5 - - 25.8 5 - - 23.8 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G Station H* sfc 37.5 33.9 35.8 sfc 32.0 sfc 25.5 sfc 27.6 1 36.5 31.2 31.0 1 27.1 1 24.0 1 27.6 g 2 36.5 - 28.8 2 24.3 2 23.4 2 27.6 3 3 - - 25.5 3 24.1 Station I* Station K* sfc 23.0 sfc 27.5 1 23.0 1 27.5 2 23.0 2 11.5
- July 18, 1978 B-46 k.
E 4 E , <! H. B. ROBINSON 'w'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCEARGE ('C) I July 17,1978 Note: All depths in meters S:ation 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 32.0 33.4 32.5 sic 37.5 34.0 33.9 3t. 3 35.4 I 1 2 3 30.5 32.0 32.0 29.2 28.9 29.0 25.5 27.2 1 2 3 37.5 33.5 30.0 31.2 33.5 27.5 26.0 33.0 27.5 26.4 I 4 5 6 26.5 26.2 26.0 4 - - - 25.7 - I station 24 25 26 .: . 28 Station 32 33 34 I sfc 1 2 36.5 37.9 34.6 32.5 28.6 35.8 31.0 28.8 36.4 34.5 29.0 afe 1 2 33.7 36.3 33.1 28.5 36.5 33.0 27.7 3 - - 25.5 25.5 - 3 - 25.2 26.3 I I I I I I I I I I 3 47
H. D. R031NSON WATER TDIPERATURE FROFILE ('C) Aagust- 14, 1978 Note: All depths in meters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 afe 32.7 32.7 32.7 sfc 33.5 33.3 33.0 1 32.6 32.0 32.1 1 33.3 33.1 33.0 2 31.7 33.7 31.7 2 32.3 32.5 32.4 3 31.1 31.4 31.2 3 32.3 31.7 31.7 4 31.0 31.1 31.0 4 31.3 31.1 31.1 5 30.9 30.9 31.0 5 31.0 30.7 30.8 6 30.7 30.7 - 6 30.7 30.7 30.6 7 30.7 30.5 - 7 30.6 30.4 30.5 8 - 30.2 - 8 30.4 30.2 30.1 g 9 30.1 29.7 29.8 5 10 29.8 29.6 29.7 11 29.8 - 29.6 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 sfc 34.7 34.0 34.0 sfc 36.2 36.2 35.4 1 34.7 33.7 34.0 1 36.2 36.2 33.7 2 33.7 33.3 34.0 2 34.4 33.7 31.7 3 32.5 32.4 - 3 31.6 31.6 31.3 3 4 31.3 31.5 - - 4 - 31.0 31.0 5 5 30.9 31.0 - 5 - 30.5 30.7 6 30.5 30.7 - 6 - 29.2 - 7 29.7 29.8 - 7 - 29.0 - 8 29.6 29.5 - 9 - 29.5 - Transect D 3 2 1 Tranacct DA 3 2 1 sfc 36.9 37.0 37.0 sfe 37.8 37.5 36.7 8 1 37.0 36.1 36.0 1 37.4 33.7 36.9 5 2 33.8 34.3 34.2 2 35.2 35.5 35.5 3 - 32.1 32.2 3 32.0 31.9 31.5 4 - 31.4 30.7 4 28.7 28.5 27.8 5 - - 27.7 5 28.0 27.7 27.1 6 - - 27.7 6 - - 27.0 7 - - 27.7 7 - - 27.0 8 - - 27.7 i Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G Station E* ! sfe 41.3 39.2 40.0 afe 36.5 sfc 32.7 sfc 31.3 1 1 41.0 39.2 40.0 1 35.5 1 25.8 1 31.4 g-2 35.8 39.0 40.0 2 32.2 2 25.1 2 31.4 3 3 - 30.7 28.1 3 26.4 3 25.1 27.5 4 25.5 N'{
~
5 - Station I* Station E* sfc 29.3 sfc 23.7 1 29.4 g 1 23.7 2 29.3 g 2 23.7 3 29.5 3 23.7 B-48
- August 15, 1978 E us
I H. B. ROBINSON k'ATER TEKP12ATURE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCFARGE ('C) I August 14, 1978 Note: All depthe in neters I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 afe 38.4 38.5 39.0 sfc 41.5 39.2 39.2 39.9 39.5 1 38.5 38.7 39.0 1 42.0 38.5 39.2 39.8 39.5 2 35.7 38.5 38.5 2 41.7 33.8 39.0 39.8 39.4 I 3 4 33.4 27.9 33.0 27.8 34.0 27.9 3 4 5 31.0 30.7 27.7 27.6 31.5 29.4 28.6 27.5 I St at ion 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 39.8 40.7 40.5 40.0 39.9 sfc 38.5 39.0 39.5 1 - 40.7 40.5 40.0 39.7 1 - 39.2 39.4 2 - - 39.3 40.0 39.7 2 - 33.2 34.9 I 3 4 29.3 27.6 28.1 27.5 3 4 28.1 28.6 28.5 I I I I I I g. I B-49
H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) S:ptcabsr 14, 1978 I Note: All depths in neters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 sfe 30.6 30.1 30.5 sfe 30.7 30.5 30.5 1 30.6 30.4 30.5 1 30.6 30.5 30.5 2 30.5 30.4 30.5 2 30.6 30.5 30. g 3 30.5 30.2 30.4 3 30.6 30.4 30 g 4 30.4 30.1 30.3 4 30.6 30.4 30 5 30.3 30.0 - 5 30.4 30.3 30 E 6 30.3 30.0 - 6 30.4 30.1 30. g 7 30.2 30.0 - 7 30.1 30.1 30.0 8 - 30.0 - 8 30.0 29.9 29.9 9 - 30.1 - 9 29.6 29.4 29.6 10 - 30.1 - 10 - 29.2 29.4 11 - 30.1 - 11 - 29.2 29,1 12 - 30.0 - Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 afe 31.2 30.5 30.5 afe 32.0 31.5 31.5 31.2 30.6 30.5 1 32.0 31.5 31.0 2 31.0 30.5 30.5 2 31.0 30.6 30.5 3 30.9 30.5 - 3 30.5 30.4 30.4 4 30.5 30.4 - 4 - 30.0 30.0 5 30.1 30.1 - 5 - 29.7 29.7 6 30.0 29.8 - 6 - 29.5 29.5 g 7 29.4 29.5 - 7 - 28.5 - m 8 - 29.0 - 9 - 28.6 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 sfc 33.8 33.1 34.1 sfc 36.0 34.0 34.8 1 31.5 32.6 33.4 1 36.0 34.0 31.1 2 30.2 30.5 30.1 2 30.5 30.5 30.1 3 - 29.9 29.7 3 30.0 29.7 29.6 4 - 29.5 29.5 4 29.0 28.6 28.4 l m 5 - 29,0 28.5 5 - - 29.0 l 6 - 28.4 28.4 6 - - 27.4 i 7 - - 27.0 Transect E 3 2 1 Station T Station G sfc 39.9 39.9 39.0 37.0 38.0 36.0 sfc 33.8 32.5 are 26.5 I l 1 1 1 26.2 l 2 39.5 31.0 33.2 2 29.0 2 24.3 l 3 - - 29.0 3 27.5 3 25.5 4 - - 28.0 Station H Station I* Station I*. efe 30.5 sfc 21.9 afe 29.0 1 30.5 1 21.9 1 29.0 2 30.5 2 21.7 2 29.0
- September 15, 1978 B-50
I H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AREA OF DISCHARGE ('C) I Septetnter 14, 1978 Note: All depths in t eters I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 I sfc 1 2 35.5 35.5 30.1 36.0 34.5 30.5 36.9 36.2 30.5 sfc 1 2 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.0 38.1 31.5 39.0 37.0 31.0 38.0 38.0 31.5 36.5 36.5 33.8 I 3 4 5 29.9 28.5 30.0 28.0 27.9 3 4 30.0 29.5 28.0 27.5 I 6 - - 7 - - 27.5 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 afe 28.5 39.0 38.4 38.0 37.6 afe 36.0 37.5 36.5 I 1 2 3 35.1 34.5 30.0 36.0 33.2 29.0 37.0 33.2 29.4 1 2 3 37.0 35.9 29.5 35.6 34.9 31.6 28.0 28.0 29.0 I 4 - - - 4 - - 4 I I I l I I I I B-51
... B. ROBINSON WATER TDiPERATURE PROTILE ('C)
October 9, 1978 Note: All depths in reters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 sfc 22.9 22.9 22.9 sfc 22.7 22.9 23.0 1 22.9 22.9 22.7 1 22.7 22.9 22.8 2 22.7 22.8 22.6 2 22.5 22.7 22.7 3 22.6 22.7 22.6 3 22.5 22.6 22.6 4 22.6 22.7 22.0 4 22.5 22.6 22.6 5 22.6 22.6 - 5 22.5 22.6 22.6 E 6 22.6 22.6 - 6 22.5 22.5 22.5 5 7 22.5 22.6 - 7 22.4 22.6 22.5 8 22.5 22.5 - 8 22.4 22.6 22.5 g 9 22.5 22.5 - 9 22.4 22.5 22.5 g 10 - 22.5 - 10 22.4 22.5 22.4 11 - - 22.4 12 - - 22.4 13 - - 22.4 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 afe 23.5 23.1 22.7 sfc 24.2 24.0 24.0 1 23.4 23.1 22.7 1 24.0 24.0 23.7 g 2 23.4 23.0 22.6 . 2 23.7 23.9 23.6 g 3 23.3 23.0 - 3 23.5 23.7 23.4 4 23.2 23.0 - 4 - 23.2 23.2 5 23.1 23.0 - 5 - 23.0 23.0 6 23.1 23.0 - 6 - 22.9 22.9 7 23.1 22.9 - 7 - 22.9 - B 23.0 22.9 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 as sfc 25.6 24.4 23.7 sfc 26.5 27.0 26.9 l 1 25.0 24.2 23.7 1 26.0 26.3 24.6 2 24.0 23.7 23.2 2 23.5 24.0 23.6 3 4 5 23.5 23.2 23.3 23.2 23.0 3 4 5 23.2 23.0 23.5 23.0 22.7 23.4 22.6 22.2 l 6 - - 22.7 E 7 - - 22.6 E Transect I 3 2 1 Station F Station G sfc 31.4 29.6 30,5 sfc 24.5 sfc 19.3 1 31.4 27.9 30.0 1 23.0 1 17.0 2 30.5 25.7 26.0 2 19.5 2 16.5 E 3 - 22.9 22.0 3 19.1 5 4 - 22.5 21.6 5 - - 21.5 Station-E Station I* Station K sfc 22.8 sfc sfc 21.6 Temperature meter 1 22.8 1 1 21.9 malfunction , 2 22.8 2 2 21.8 B-52 g
B. B. T' DINSON %'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE 2N AREA 0F DISCHARGE ( C)
- B october 9. 1978
- ,g Note: All depthe in neters I
I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 i3
- E sfc 28.0 28.0 27.9 26.9 sfc 32.0 31.2 29.6 29.0 29.5 1 26.0 26.5 1 31.0 29.6 27.9 28.5 29.5
- 2 24.0 24.9 24.3 2 28.5 24.5 25.7 25.1 29.5 l 3 23.2 23.0 22.1 3 -
23.7 2?.9 22.6 23.0 4 - 22.5 22.0 4 - - 22.5 22.5 22.5 I
- Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 31.5 31.5 30.5 30.5 30.0 sfc 28.9 29.5 30.1
{E i !R 1 - 30.5 27.5 26.5 30.0 26.0 30.0 26.0 1 - 29.5 30.1 2 - - 2 - 27.5 26.0 } 3 - - 22.2 22.0 22.2 3 - 21.5 22.0 1 4 - - 21.6 21.6 - }3 g 5 - - - 21.5 - lI . !I lI I I I I 'I . 52
l l H. B. ROBINSON k'ATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE ('C) i November 6, 1978 . Note: All depths in meters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 sfc 1 21.8 21.6 22.0 21.8 23.2 23.0 sfc 1 22.1 22.1 22.4 22.4 22.5 22.5 I 2 21.3 21.5 22.5 2 21.6 21.7 22.0 3 21.0 21.2 22.0 3 21.4 20.7 20.9 4 21.0 21.0 21.4 4 20.6 20.6 20.6 5 20.6 20.9 - 5 20.5 20.5 20.6 3 6 20.5 20.6 - 6 20.2 20.2 20.5 g 7 20.2 20.1 - 7 20.0 20.0 20.0 8 - 20.1 - 8 20.0 20.0 20.0 9 - 20.1 - 9 20.0 19.9 20.0 10 - 20.1 - 10 20.0 19.9 19.9 11 - - 19.9 & Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 I sfc 22.8 22.7 23.0 sfc 22.9 23.4 24.1 1 22.0 22.0 22.9 1 22.8 23.4 22.8 2 20.7 21.0 21.5 2 20.6 23.7 21.0 g
- 3 20.5 20.6 -
3 20.5 20.4 20.6 g 4 20.4 20.4 - 4 - 20.4 20.6 5 20.1 20.1 - 5 - 20.4 - 6 20.1 20.1 - 6 - 20.2 - ' 7 20.0 20.0 - 7 - 20.1 - 8 20.0 20.0 - 9 - 20.0 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 as sfc 24.0 24.5 24.9 sfc 26.0 24.9 24.9 E 1 24.0 24.5 24.9 1 25.6 24.9 24.5 2 23.5 21.0 21.0 2 21.1 21.0 22.0 3 - 20.6 20.7 3 19.5 20.6 20.8 4 - 20.4 20.7 4 19.0 19.5 19.3 5 - - 19.4 5 - 18.7 18.9 6 - - 19.4 6 - - 18.9 4 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G sfc 27.8 28.0 28.5 sfc 24.0 sfc 20.0 1 27.8 27.0 28.5 1 23.0 1 17.0 2 24.0 25.5 27.5 2 16.5 2 14.0 3 - 21.0 17.0 3 14.5 3 13.5 4 - 17.5 16.5 Station H Station 1* Station K sfc 20.9 sfc 33.5 sfc 20.1 1 20.7 1 - 1 20.1 2 20.7 2 13.2 2 20.1 B-54 E
- November R. 197R e !
- 11. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN ART.A 0F DISClVGGE (*C)
November 6, 1978 Note: All depths in meters I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 16 17 18 sfc 25.6 25.7 26.0 are 29.5 28.5 28.0 27.5 27.5 1 25.1 25.7 26.0 1 30.0 26.5 27.0 27.5 27.5
, 2 21.0 21.0 22.0 2 30.0 22.0 25.5 27.5 27.S 3 20.0 20.0 20.0 3 30.0 21.5 21.0 18.0 13.0 4 -
17.5 17.4 4 - 21.0 17.5 17.5 17.5 5 - 17.4 17.0 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 29.0 28.5 28.0 28.5 27.5 sfc 25.5 27.0 26.5 I 1 - 27.0 28.0 28.5 28.0 1 - 27.0 27.0 2 - - 26.0 27.5 28.0 2 - 25.5 27.0 3 - - 17.5 17.0 - 3 - 16.5 17.5 1 4 - - 16.5 16.5 - I . I I I I l _
Nf 4e l H. B. ROBINSON WATER TEMPERATURE PROFILE (*C) W
, December 6, 1978 Note: All depths in tneters Transect A 3 2 1 Transect B 3 2 1 sfc 18.5 18.6 19.0 sfc 18.5 18.7 18.7 1 18.5 18.6 18.9 1 18.5 18.7 18.7 2 18.4 18.4 18.9 2 18.3 18.5 18.7 E 3 18.0 18.2 18.7 3 18.1 18.2 18.6 m 4 18.0 18.2 18.7 4 18.0 18.0 18.0 5 17.9 18.1 -
5 18.0 17.9 17.9 E 6 17.9 18.1 - 6 17.8 17-.8 17.9 3 7 17.9 18.1 - 7 17.8 17.8 17.8 8 - 18.1 - 8 17.8 17.7 17.8 9 - 18.0 - 9 17.8 17.7 17.8 10 - 17.8 - 10 17.8 17.7 17.8 Transect C 3 2 1 Transect CA 3 2 1 sfc 19.4 19.3 19.2 sfc 19.8 19.9 20.3 1 19.4 19.3 19.2 1 19.8 19.9 20.3 g 2 18.5 19.3 19.0 2 18.7 19.9 20.2 3 3 18.3 18.5 - 3 18.5 18.6 19.3 4 18.3 18.1 - 4 18.5 18.5 18.8 5 18.1 18.1 -
, 5 -
18.5 18.8 6 18.0 18.1 - 6 - 18.4 - 7 18.0 18.0 - 7 - 18.4 - 8 18.0 18.0 - Transect D 3 2 1 Transect DA 3 2 1 sfe 21.0 21.7 22.0 sfc 24.7 22.6 22.0 1 21.0 21.7 22.0 1 21.4 22.0 22.0 2 - 21.7 21.9 2 20.6 19.4 20.8 g 3 - 19.7 19.2 3 19.0 19.0 18.5 g 4 - 19.0 18.5 4 17.6 17.2 17.5 5 - - 17.5 5 - 17.1 17.0 6 - - 17.5 Transect E 3 2 1 Station F Station G Station H* sfc 27.0 24.8 25.8 sfc 21.3 sfc 14.0 sfc 18.5 1 27.0 24.8 25.8 1 14.5 1 13.1 1 18.5 2 27.0 23.1 23.5 2 14.0 2 12.6 2 18.5 g 3 27.0 17.0 16.5 3 14.0 3 12.5 3 18.5 g 4 - 16.8 16.5 Station I* Station K* sfc 12.0 sfc 16.7 1 12.0 1 16.7 5 2 11.5 2 16.7 5 3 11.5 3 16.7
- December 7, 1978 B-56 I.
3 [ H. B.~ ROBINSON WATER TEKPERAnTRE PROFILE IN AREA 0F DISCHARGE (*C) December 6, 1978 Note: All depths in meters I Station 5 6 7 Station 14 15 : 17 1R I sfc 1 2 24.0 24.0 19.9 24.3 23.7 19.8 24.4 24.4 19.4 sfc 1 2 27.0 27.0 26.1 25.6 20.7 24.8 24.8 23.1 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.2 25.2 19.0 17.5 17.4 18.9 17.0 17.0 17.0 I 3 3 - 4 - 16.7 17.0 4 - - 16.8 16.7 17.0 Station 24 25 26 27 28 Station 32 33 34 sfc 26.5 26.4 26.3 25.8 25.6 sfc 24.2 24.8 24.7 I 1 2 3 26.4 26.0 23.2 16.5 25.8 23.5 16.5 25.6 23.7 17.0 1 2 3 24.2 24.8 19.7 15.5 24.6 20.9 4 - - 16.2 16.5 - I I I I I I . I I I I B-57 l
.ee, 2 -_ . . . ,_u ..raar _ n , n .,-n - m -.s na - - au,+ s.. .n_-- , , a.- - - , - - -.- u-,,-_,-
I: Ii l l 1 1
'I i
I l I I I r I ( I 5 I l t I n 1 I I. l B-58 l E I l
I l I i
- I Appendix C H. B. Robinson Continuoua Recorder k'ater Temperature ,
j .l Data j 5 April 1976 to December 1977 l I 1 LI I I I . I 1 I I. C-1
l -
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, == 73 m e s e e e s . e e e e e e e e e e e e e e p O O e @ e e e e e a e e @ O O 9 Oes==enoma=de~ete e e e e e ees e i ,,
me ,.,..eepe>> e e s e e s e e n .s e s e e e e e EA e e d d em e an es e ~ S me e av e.e es en e es e s e se
#td d d f et e A et m en m m ( ( q q q q q f g ( f g ( w q q q d 3 en .e em se se en es au ce se ~ se es se ass se se en e em ~ ee se as es mm emse og 3
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- e e . e e e o e ) ee d ~e. o. G de de~oese N o .eSo Se 4e6aes eG e e o .eOe e.e e. e. es e eas e ee w o as e e e e e e e > e e e e e= * * # # ** O e 6 O O O e me e e O O O w g as se me .eem se ee _.ed y e d v 4 en am as ~ es as o. se es
- 6 e e am O W m .a.
> We m m e m m M 84 m se ~ ~ set M ** m m m f d e e e d m d e e d d ( > es ee _ er em we es em a w as em me se a en e ee - se es e es so w am et e ~ m e 4 ee es > g e e e e m ~ e > . e e e e _ > e e e as w 2 e O . e e t . eOeeeOe~ee osee eo as d et d e eese ao>eeaen e ge se e m. y I
gg a o e e e e o e e e e e e e e e o e e e e e e e e e e e o e e e e.3 e e e e e e e e o . em an >se > ao** me4se .ose**f s _ese e. e en en es q .e. en eg .e:
*a O 9(( O O am ** == O 0 0 **
a gp pp9e&eeee e w as se se se8ene es e as m aesav en en as an a g am pe en en am e's set mmm' e emmC,am em eem e PmO O( P4O 84( ( ( ( 44( ((d( g g en e as se e as se me as se se 2 1 e u u en ah es em O
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g . .e .e _ . re . ~ es ~ ~ ~ ~ es ee ~ m m g a ,i se o= 4 4 a.e a.s e t
.e O en a e 2 I
= =
53 ...<~.m....~~~~~~ee.~.~...S..4,,, e n e . e e e . e e e e e e e e e e e e . . s . e e 5, ,r,.
.e e. ~ee e e se e e ee e~ . d. e e. .s .. .e. e<e, e~s . .. .e.. .. . e. . e. ~ .. .. .. d e es ea=mw e +en> ase>eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeet == * == en e e e e e e e d
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#. em e e e es e e ~ . *e . 4 e e W ~ e . . O . ~ d . N O . ~ *e @ ~ es ~ s 4 *e . . . 6 O 4 O e . N . ~ e e e e N ~ * . ~ . . O e e d W o e e e e e o e e o e e e o e e o e o e e e e e o e e e 4 3 e e e e o e e o e e e e e e o e e e o e e e e o e e e e e 3 e ina Q esetesametanum e sw p am en e m eem
.emssm easen en em d8. se **
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- e *= m e e es O 4 .ee + e * * #
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> s et m m at m m m an m s= m sm m a m es > .e og ee em voi sm em en m es a m m m ei em am e es ce ~ es ~ es~e es e
4 a w 4 I g g e.....e o e e ..~...... e
.e .o .ea. 4 e e e .i .e .e .em eeeme en oe e eeeee ee e asi am am m as m m em e as e m sm am an og m en om ei e am en m m am e% se og ag e oo eeeec.e .eae e e e
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- as O .- c o e o O O O e e e e e > a= em e e e e a e e e e e e e **
3 #s4 m set en m em m m en m m m em m m m m em et m Z ddqdWdd + $ m est am em en en estsig sat am em m am asi se em m m em m en em > e a e es ~ . es e eee eoede y@ eeeN eed de e de > as e ee.em e eO* O .e 4 e 9e de O e do @ e e. e. .e .e . eSe . . Wa er of w 3 asu- em ~ e.e O . .e.
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43 g se em e e = sm , . em se > e e e e ee e- e . e e = o es . o as e e e e e e a e o e e e a e o e e e e e e e e e e o e e e gp 4 a tee d d ens 8% m
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