ML19321B145
| ML19321B145 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Bailly |
| Issue date: | 06/30/1980 |
| From: | TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, INC. |
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| Shared Package | |
| ML19321B144 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8007280147 | |
| Download: ML19321B145 (425) | |
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{{#Wiki_filter:_ _ _ _ ._ _ - . __ __ _ _ . - _ _ __ _ _ _ aqp o l . l l i l 1979-1980 ANNUAL REPORT BAILLY NUCLEAR-1 SITE f ENCOMPASSING APRIL 1979-MARCH 1980 l 4 June 1980 I l l l Prepared for NORTHERN INDIANA PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY 5265 Hohman Avenue Hammond, Indiana 46325 Prepared by , TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED Ecological Services P.O. Box 225621 Dallas, Texas 75265
- O science services division l
!18007230g
b) EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Terrestrial The 1979 terrestrial sampling program < as accomplished on schedule during May, July, and October 1979. No sampling was scheduled for winter. May sampling was for foliar effects, soils, and all vertebrate groups. July activities included foliar effects surveys, vegetacion sampling, soil sampling, large mammal observations, roadside surveys for mammals and birds, reptile and amphibian surveys, and invertebrate surveys. October activities included foliar effects surveys, soil sampling, and onsite surveys for mammals and birds. Vegetation sampling showed little change from past years in all locations except the transmission corridor, where the effects of herbicide treatment in 1978, coupled with fire in early 1979, resulted in considerably higher importance values for monocot species In the beachgrass community, American beachgrass showed continued increase in density following a fire in 1976. V Overall, normal plant succession was evident a changes in tree densities, species composition, and other parameters sampled. Stress noted in 1977 in cottonwood along the Bailly Plant entrance was again present in 1979, although apparently absent in 1978. Comparison of foliage specimens with reported stress symptoms indicates sulfur dioxide was the probable stress agent. Of the several point sources of this pollutant in the vicinity of the Bailly Plant, adjact and nearby steel mills are probably most relevant to effects on the Bailly site. The sporadic incidence of this type of stress along the NIPSCo greenbelt has not impacted the vegetation there to date. Soil conductivity levels at most locations were higher in 1979 than in previous years, but were still well below potential stress levels at all locations. Sixteen species of mammals were recorded from the Bailly study area during 1977 Small-mammal trapping results were similar to those of 1977 and 1978, \/ with October captures substantially greater than May captures. Serere lii science services division l l 1
O weather during winter 1978-79 was probably responsible partially, if not totally, for the poor carry-over of small mammals into 1979. There was little change in the number of mammal species observed in the study area, although several species (e.g. fox squirrel, muskrat, white-tailed deer) appear to be experiencing a population decline. Normal population fluctuations make trends difficult to interpret, although poaching may account for the muskrat's decline. The gray squirrel apparently has disappeared from the study area. Conversely, eastern cottontail rabbit populations in the vicinity of the study area appear to have increased. Masked shrew captures have also increased from those of past years. A total of 115 species of birds was reported from the Bailly study area during 1979. This is comparable to past years, although somewhat fewer than that observed in 1978. Waterfowl, especially ducks, were common in on-site aquatic habitats, although numbers nf Mallards, Wood Ducks, and Black Ducks had declined. Pond E is no longer a viable aquatic-bird habitat due to fly-ash deposition and other activities in adjacent areas. Common passerines included the Blue Jay, Gray Catbird, Red-winged Blackbird, and White-throated Sparrow. Mourning Dove observations remained relatively low in the vicinity of the study area and the Ring necked Pheasant was not observed. Nine species of amphibians and reptiles were observed in the Bailly study area during 1979. Frogs were clearly the most common group. Other groups (e.g., toads, lizards, and snakes) appeared sowewhat less common in the study area than in past years. The number and distribution of insects and other arthropods in the study area were consistent with those in past years of normal weather, except in the transmission corridor, where numbers of taxa and of individuals were decreased by fire and herbicides. Two insect families were newly recorded. t l l g science services division l l
("\ . ty Aquatic Aquatic sampling was conducted during April, June, August, and November 1979 and January 1980. Phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, benthos, macro-phytes, fishery, water quality, and sediment particle size samples were collected and analyzed. Aquatic Flora. Mean phytoplankton density was significantly higher ( a = 0.05), in Lake Michigan in 1979 than in 1974, 1975, 1976, or 1977. Phytoplankton biovolume followed the changes in density, although not at the same fast rate, implying soecies compositional change from early years in the study. Blue green algae continued to be numerically dominant in fall 1979 sampling. Phytoplankton density at the discharge was significantly higher than the mean of all other stations. Mean phytoplankton densities in the interdunal ponds were comparable to those J
) recorded for previous years, with no apparent consistent change in density over time. The biovolume peak observed in August 1979 was higher than any other mean value.
Comparing dominant algal forms with dominant forms from previous years indicated annual continuity, although considerable variability was evident 1 among less common forms. Eutrophication indices denote a change in Lake Michigan flora to more ' tolerant forms; however, no major changes in eutrophication indices were observed in the interdunal ponds. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a_ and productivity levels mirror biovolume fluc-tuations, particularly in the interdunal ponds, although there was no exact correspondence of biovolume with the other two parameters. Successional changes throughout the sampling year and between years af fect chlorophyll and productivity values. As in previous years, 1979 periphyton data revealed similar abundances among stations. Periphyton distribution was only marginally affected by the O presence of heated water. () The presence of the thermointolerant taxon v science services division
O Rhoicosphenia curvata defined the effective extent of plume influence. The genera Eunctia and Pinnularia, which were collected primarily in the inter-dunal ponds, may be considered eurytopic or eutrophic indicators. Zooplankton. Changes oberved in the zooplankton community over the past five years were due primarily to periodic occurrences of oncommon species, princi-pally of cladocerans and copepods. Seasonal density distributions in 1979, compared with previous years, indicateu essentially unieodal patterns from year to year. Density maxima were lower in 1979 than in 1978 but similar to abundance in 1977. Seasonal succession patterns in 1979 Lake Michigan zooplankton, similar to previous years, are displayed by the dominance of diaptomid copepods in the spring, bosminid cladocerans in the summer and cyclopoid copepodids in November. As in previous years, the relatively stable community structure in the lake suggests only negligible influence of plant operation on Lake Michigan's major zooplankton components. Zooplankton communities in the ponds over the past five years reflect the more unstable conditions prevalent within this system; densities have been variable since 1974. Periods of peak bosminid occurrence have decreased compared to previous years; concurrently, relative abundances of cyclopoid copepods and chydorid cladocerans have steadily increased since 1974, while calanoid copepod relative abundance, although never very high, has declined noticeably over the same period. Such trends are described in the literature as indicative of increased eutrophication. As in previous years, 1979 pond zooplankton abundance was significantly higher than that recorded in the lake; generally, abundance peaked in June with unusually low abundances in August. The degree to which plant operation may influence pond community dynamics cannot be assessed. However, trends similar to those described above have been found in the literature, suggesting that the major community component shifts may be a natural limnological process. Benthos. Benthic density in Lake Michigan increased to peak abundances in August with a small decline in November as in most previous years. Depth-related density variations were also observed in 1979 in that density g science services division
] generally increased with depth, primarily due to the abundance of tubificids.
[V Little or no difference in seasonal density distribution was indicated between near-field and far-field stations although, as in most previous years, densities at Station 10 (discharge) were considerably lower than at other stations. The overall density pattern during 1979 was very similar to that observed in previous years; however, total abundance along the 50-ft depth contour was higher than previously observed. The seasonal succession pattern in the lake was characterized by dominance of tubificids throughout the year with chironomids abundant in April and amphipods and naidids abundant in June and August. The basic community components and successional patterns of 1979 were consistent with those of previous years. A trend of declining relative abundance of amphipods was not continued in 1979. The decline has been due to increased density of tubificids rather than a decline in density of amphipods. Data indicated that while plant operation may exert a negative influence in the immediate vicinity of the discharge, no dis-cernible deleterious ef fects of plant operation on Lake Michigan outside the area of the discharga are obvious. bV Density of benthos in nearshore ponds was characterized by relatively uniform total densities from April through November. Cowles Bog generally displayed the lowest densities within this pond system, which has not been the case in previous years. Total densities have been relatively similar since 1976. Pond benthic fauna during 1977 was dominated throughout the year by tubificid worms, which was not the case during 1978 or 1979. Tubificids were not dominant or even second most numerous during 1978 or 1979. Chironomids were dominant during April and June, and naidils were dominant in August and November. l A comparison of all data from 1974-1979 indicates a general similarity of benthos communities except in 1977 when the relative abundance of naidids was atypically low and relative abundance of tubificids was atypically high. Aquatic Macrophytes. Composition of aquatic macrophyte communities sampled in July 1979 was generally similar to that of previous years. The dominant n and/or common species were bullhead lily, bladderwort, watermilfoil and l b yg science services division
o pondweed. Areas along the edges of ponds B and C and throughout Cowles Bog were characterized, as in previous years, by a predominance of emergent species. Some factor other than natural variation may be influencing the dominant macrophyte species in Pond B, since the dominant macrophyte in the pond has usually been different each year of the study. Fisheries. The 1979 yield in fitheries sampling was distributed among 16 species. Alewife, emerald shiner, and spottail shiner were abundant in gill net samples, while spottail shiner was dominant in samples collected by beach seine. Electrofishing in Pond B yielded 3 black bullhead and 1 sunfish. Ichthyoplankton collections were comprised of alewife, smelt, and cyprinid eggs, and alewife, smelt, and cyprinid larvae. All species collected in 1979 have been reported in previous collections, and no major change in fish species composition was found in samples from the Bailly study area. Spawning in the area apparently is confined primarily to alewives, smelt, and cyprinids. Condition of the collected fish was normal, and no external parasites were noted on salmonids collected during 1979. No potential disruption of rare or endangered species was noted. Water Quality. Water quality values in both Lake Michigan and the interdunal ! ponds were sima t.ar to those from previous years. Virtually all values in 1 Lake Michigan we te well within applicable Indiana Stream Pollution Control l Board (ISPCB) standards. One exception was pH, which was slightly more alkaline than ISPCB standards for Lake Michigan, but was well within normal tolerance limits for resident biota. There was more variability of water quality values in the nearshore ponds than in Lake Michigan, as was the case in previous years. Highest variability and concentrations were generally in ash-settling ponds. Pond B values were usually higher than those of the ash ponds and appeared to reflect some seepage or accumulation from the ash ponds, although the relationship is not clear. A trend of increasing sulfate concentrations since 1974 was noted in Pond B. Although some indication of increasing sulfate levels was also observed in the ash-settling ponds, the relationship between concentrations in the two ponds is not clear; sulfate l concentrations were higher in Pond B than in the ash settling ponds during 1979. Silica levels in Lake Mighigan have been observed to be decreasing slightly over time, a condition also noted in other portions of Lake Michigan. g science services division
O O) t v An examination of 1979 phytoplankton data indicates that this depletion may be one factor in the shift from a diatom-dominant fall population to a green / blue green dominant fall population. In general, observations of silica, phosphorus, and nitrogen indicate that the exception of silica, with previous years; even with the lower silica levels, the lake should support a diverse aquatic community. Trace elements in both water and sediment, and indicators of industrial or organic contamination were monitored only in the ash-settling and interdunal ponds. Trace element surveys revealed no consistent trends, but rather constant fluctuations of all valuei,. The observed high and low values, considering the scattering nature of the high values, may indicate a normal pond cycle. High iron levels in all the ponds observed during 1976 and 1977 but not observed during 1978 were found again in 1979. Total and fecal coliform levels in the ponds were also examined and values found quite variable. Highest values in natural ponds were found during June O V and August 1979 and appear correlated with warm-water temperatures. Bio-chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, and chemical oxygen demand levels were reasonably low, with variations during the study apparently seasonally related. The remaining parameters (hexane-soluble materials, phenols, and methylene-blue active substances) were low. Phenols were above ISPCB standards in the ponds during April and November; however the standards for Lake Michigan do not necessarily apply to the ponds. The source of these phenols is not known. From the composite data, it appears ths.t the biota and chemical parameters in the Bailly study area show natural variability from year to year. With the exception of Pond B, into which some seepage may be occurring, and Station 10, which is influenced by the discharge, there is no indication that Bailly Station operation has a significant effect on the biota or water quality. O V science services division ix
O V TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
iii 1 TERRESTRIAL l-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
AND STATUS 1-1 1.2 VEGETATION 1-1 1.2.1 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 1-7 1.2.1.1 Beachgrass Community 1-7 1.2.1.2 Foredune Community 1-8 1.2.1.3 Immature Oak Forest Community 1-10 1.2.1.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Community 1-11 1.2.1.5 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Community 1-13 1.2.1.6 Cowles Bog (0 pen) Community 1-14 1.2.1.7 Maple Forest Community 1-15 1.2.1.8 Emergent Macrophyte Community 1-17 1.2.1.9 Transmission Corridor 1-17 1.2.2 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 1-18 1.2.2.1 Sedge Meadow Community 1-18 1.2.2.2 Immature Oak Community 1-18 (')
'~
1.2.3 1.2.2.3 Wetland Meadow Communit. FOLIAR EFFECTS 1-20 1-21 1.2.4 SOIL CONDUCTIVITY l-21 1.3 MAMMALS 1-22 1.
3.1 INTRODUCTION
1-22 1.3.2 RESULTS 1-23 1.3.2.1 Beachgrass Community 1-23 1.3.2.2 Foredune Community 1-25 1.3.2.3 Immature Oak Forest 1-26 1.3.2.4 Cowles Bog'(Wooded) 1-26 1.3.2.5 Cowles Bog (Open) 1-26 i 1.3.2.6 Maple Forest 1-27 1.3.2.7 Emergent Macrophyte Community 1-27 1.3.2.8 Transmission Corridor 1-27 1.3.2.9 Road Route 1-28 1.3.2.10 Yearly Comparisons 1-28 1.3.2.11 Disease and Parasites 1-28 1.4 AVIFAUNA 1-23 1.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
1-28 1.4.2 RESULTS 1-29 1.4.2.1 Beachgrass Community 1-29 1.4.2.2 Immature Oak Forest 1-29 1.4.2.3 Cowles Bog (Wooded) 1-29 3 1.4.2.4 Cowles Bog (Open) 1-32
) 1.4.2.5 Maple Forest 1-32 l.4.2.6 Transmission Corridor 1-33 1.4.2.7 Road-Route Census 1-33 xi science services division
o TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD) ll Section Title Page 1 1.4.2.8 Aquatic Sampling Location 1-33 1.4.2.9 Annual Bird Comparisons 1-36 1.5 AMPHI3IANS AND REPTILES 1-36 1.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
1-36 1.5.2 RESULTS 1-36 1.5.2.1 Lakefront Communities 1-36 1.5.2.2 Cowles Bog (Wooded) 1-37 1.5.2.3 Cowles Bog (Open) 1-37 1.5.2.4 Maple Forest 1-38 1.5.2.5 Emergent Macrophyte 1-38 1.5.2.6 Transmission Corridor 1-38 1.5.2.7 Annual Comparisons 1-39 1.6 INVERTEBRATES 1-39 1.
6.1 INTRODUCTION
1-39 1.6.2 RESULTS 1-40 1.6.2.1 Beachgrass Comnunity 1-45 1.6.2.2 Foredune Community 1-48 1.6.2.3 Immature Oak Forest 1-50 1.6.2.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded) 1-52 g 1.6.2.5 Dunes Creek 1-55 W l.6.2.6 Maple Forest 1-55 1.6.2.7 Emergent Macrophyte -- Pond B l-56 1.6.2.8 Transmission Corridor 1-57 1.7 TERRESTRIAL REFERENCES CITED 1-58 2 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 2-1
2.0 INTRODUCTION
AND STATUS 2-1 2.1 AQUATIC FLORA 2-4 2.1.1 METHODOLOGY 2-4 2.1.2 RESULTS 2-7 2.1.3 DISCUSSION 2-7 2.1.3.1 Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume 2-7 2.1.3.2 Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a and 2-27 Productivity 2.1.3.3 Phytoplankton Statistical Analysis 2-33 2.1.3.4 Periphyton Numerical Abundance and 2-42 Composition 2.1.3.5 Periphyton Chlorophyll a 2-46 2.1.3.6 Periphyton Statistical Analysis 2-46 2.2 ZOOPLANKTON 2-48 2.
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2-48 2.2.2 2.2.3 METHODOLOGY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-49 2-49 g xii science services division
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD) Section Title Page 2 2.2.3.1 Introduction 2-49 2.2.3.2 Zooplankton occurrence 2-50 2.2.3.3 Numerical Abundance 2-57 2.2.3.4 Percent Composition 2-63 2.2.3.5 Trophic Relationships 2-67 2.2.3.6 Statistical Analysis 2-69 BENTH0S 2-73 2.
3.1 INTRODUCTION
2-73 2.3.2 METHODOLOGY 2-74 2.3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-75 2.3.3.1 Numerical Abundance 2-75 2.3.3.2 Species Composition 2-80 2.3.3.3 Zonation 2-91 2.3.3.4 Benthic Indicator Organisms 2-94 2.3.3.5 Benthic Statistical Analysis 2-99 2.4 AQUATIC MACROPHYTON 2-103 2.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
2-103 2.4.2 METHODOLOGY 2-103 2.4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-104 2.5 FISHERIES STUDIES 2-107 2.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
2-107 l 2.5.2 METHODOLOGY 2-108 2.5.2.1 Experimental Gill Nets 2-108 2.5.2.2 Beach Seine 2-108 ; 2.5.2.3 Electrofishing Unit 2-109 2.5.2.4 Benthic Pump 2-109 i 2.5.2.5 Hoop Net 2-109 ! 2.5.2.6 Food Habits 2-109 l 2.5.2.7 Data Analysis 2-110 2.5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-111 2.5.3.1 Species Composition 2-111 2.5.3.2 Gill Net Sampling 2-112 2.5.3.3 Beach Seine Sampling 2-115 2.5.3.4 Electrofishing 2-116 2.5.3.5 Ichyoplankton 2-116 2.5.4 SPECIES DISCUSSION 2-121 2.5.4.1 Alewife 2-121 2.5.4.2 Yellow Perch 2-126 2.5.4.3 Spottail Shiner 2-130 2.5.4.4 Salmonidae (Salmon and Trout) 2-133 2.5.4.5 Other Species 2-141 2.5.5 COMMERCIAL AND SPORT FISHING 2-142 2.5.6 POTENTIAL DISRUPTION OF RARE AND ENDANGERED 2-143 SPECIES l xiii science services division l
O TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD) Section Title Page 2 2.6 WATER QUALITY 2-145 2.
6.1 INTRODUCTION
2-145 2.6.2 METHODOLOGY 2-145 2.6.3 RESULTS 2-148 2.6.4 DISCUSSION 2-148 2.6.4.1 General Water Quality Parameters 2-148 2.6.4.2 Aquatic Nutrients 2-159 2.6.4.3 Trace Elements in Water 2-169 2.6.4.4 Indicators of Industrial and Organic 2-174 Contamination 2.6.4.5 Trace Elements in Sediments 2-176 2.7 AQUATIC REFERENCES CITED 2-178 APPENDIXES Appendix Title A OCCURRENCE OF PLANT TAXA OBCERVED IN BAILLY STUDY AREA, JULY 1979 AND PREVIOUSLY; AND DENSITY, FREQUENCY, DOMINANCE, AND IMPORTANCE VALUES FOR VEGETATION, BAILLY STUDY AREA, 1974-1979 B ANNOTATED LIST OF MAMMAL SPECIES REPORTED FROM BAILLY STUDY AREA, MAY, JULY, AND OCTOBER 1979 C 1974-1979 CHECKLIST AND 1979 ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRD SPECIES OBSERVED IN BAILLY STUDY AREA D ANNOTATED LIST OF AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE SPECIES OBSERVED AT THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, MAY AND JULY 1979 E CHECKLIST OF ARTHROPOD FAUNA COLLECTED IN THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, 1974-1979 F ANNOTATED LIST OF MACROPHYTE TAXA COLLECTED IN NEARSHORE PONDS, BAILLY STUDY AREA, JULY 1979 i G WATER QUALITY O xiv science services division
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('- ') ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Description Page 1-1 Terrestrial Sampling Locations in Vicinity of Bailly 1-3 Study Area 1-2 22-Mile Road Route in Vicinity of Bailly Study Area 1-3 1-3 Aquatic Habitats Sampled for Water Birds in the Bailly 1-4 Study Area, 1979 l-4 Relationship of Vegetatica Communities, Mean Soil 1-22 Conductivity, Soil Structure / Composition, and Soil Moistu. Bailly Study Area 1-5 Numbers of Mammal Species Encountered on the Bailly Study 1-24 Area during 1979 2-1 Aquatic Sampling Stations, NIPSCo Bailly Nuclear-1 2 -1 Plant Site 2-2 Mean Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume, Lake Michigan, 2-19 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 ( 2-3 Mean Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume, Nearshore Ponds, 2-20 Bailly Study Area, November 1979 2-4 Phytoplankton Density, Lake Michigan Stations, Bailly Study 2-22 Area, 1975-1979 2-5 Mean Phytoplankton Density at Lake Michigan Stations, 2-23 Bailly Study Area, Summed over 1975-1979 2-6 Mean Phytoplankton Biovolume at Lake Michigan Stations, 2-24 Bailly Study Area, Summed over 1975-1979 2-7 Phytoplankton Biovolume, Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 2-25 1975-1979 2-8 Phytoplankton Biovolume, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 2-26 1975-1979 2-9 Mean Phytoplankton Biovolume, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study 2-27 Area, Summed over 1975-1979 2-10 Mean Phytoplankton Density, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study 2-28 Area, Summed over 1975-1979 2-11 Phytoplankton Density, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 2-29 1975-1979 bG xy science services divislort
O ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTD$ Figure Page 2-12 Mean Phytoplankton Density at Nearshore Pond Stations, 2-30 Bailly Study Area, Summed over 975-1979 2-13 Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a_ Concentrations, Bailly Study 2-31 Area, 1974-1979 2-14 Phytoplankton Productivity Levels, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-32 2-15 Average Green Algal Density and Chlorophyll a_ Concentrations 2-33 of Phytoplankton, Bailly Study Area,1979 2-16 Periphyton Chlorophyll a_ Concentrations, Bailly Study Area, 2-47 1976-1979 2-17 Index of Similarity for Zooplankton Communities, Bailly 2-57 Study Area, 1974-1979 2-18 Zooplankton Density, Lake Michigan Stations, Bailly Study 2-59 Area, 1975-1979 2-19 Zooplankton Density, Bailly Study Area, 1978-1979 2-60 2-20 Zooplankton Density, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 2-61 1975 .979 2-21 Average Zooplankton Density, Lake Michigan and Nearshore 2-62 Pond Stations, Bailly Study Area, Summed over 1975-1979 2-22 Percentage Composition of Important Zooplankton Forms, 2-64 Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-23 Percentage Composition of Important Zooplankton Forms, 2-65 Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-24 Comparison of Phytoplankton Density and Zooplankton Density, 2-68 Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 2-25 Comparison of Phytoplankton Density and Zooplankton Density, 2-70 Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 2-25 denthic Invertebrate Density, Lake Michigan Stations, 2-77 Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 2-27 Benthic Invertebrate Density, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 2-78 2-28 Benthic Invertebrate 2ensity, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study 2-81 Area, 1975-1979 , 1 2-29 Percentage Composition of Abundant Benthic Organisms, 2-82 Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-30 Percentage Composition of Abundant Benthic Organisms, 2-90 Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 31 science services div!sion l l l
(D ( ,/ ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTD) Figure Description Page 2-31 Sediment Particle Size Distribution, Bailly Study Area, 2-93 1974-1979 2-32 Some Common Macrophytes Found in Pond Areas, Bailly Study Area 2-105 2-33 Temperatures Measured at Lake Michigan Control Static'n 9S, 2-149 Discharge Station 10S, and Mean Pond Temperature for Stations 17S-21S, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-34 Alkalinity at Lake Michigan Station 9S, Settling Ponds 13-16, 2-153 Ponds B and C, and Cowles Bog, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-35 Total Dissolved Solids Concentrations, Lake Michigan, Bailly 2-155 Study Area, 1974-1979 2-36 Total Dissolved Solids Concentration from Interdunal Pond 2-156 E' Samples, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-37 Sulfate Concentrations, Pond B and Ash Settling Pond Stations 2-158 14 and 15, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-38 The Downward Trend in Silicate Concentrations in Lake Michigan 2-161 during the Period 1962-1975 2-39 Mean Silica Concentrations, Lake Michigan Stations, Bailly 2-162 Study Area, 1974-1979 2-40 Silica Concentrations, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 2-162 1974-1979 2-41 Orthophosphate Concentrations, Lake Michigan Control Station 2-164 9S and Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-42 Nitrate Nitrogen Concentrations at Lake Michigan Control 2-168 Station 9S and Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 O) V xvii science services division
o TABLES Table Title Page 1-1 Terrestrial Ecology Sampling Schedule and Personnel for the 1-2 Spring, Summer, and Fall Seasons of 1979 l-2 Composition of Ground Cover in Herbaceous Stratum Sampling 1-5 Plots, Bailly Study Area, Summer Samplings 1974 to 1978, and 1979 1-3 Number of Plant Species in Herbaceous Stratum Sampling Plots, 1-5 Bailly Study Area, during Summer Samplings from 1974 to 1979 l-4 Distribution of Principal Herbaceous Stratum Taxa during 1-6 6-Year Monitoring Period, with Importance Values for July 1979 l-5 Changes in Dominance, Rank, and Number of Individuals in the 1-7 Tree Class for Selected Sampling Locations, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 to July 1979 l-6 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Va2ues for 1-8 Beachgrass Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 l-7 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-9 Foredune Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 l-8 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-11 Immature 02k Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 l-9 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-12 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 l-10 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-14 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 l-11 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-15 Cowles Bog (Open) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 l-12 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-16 Maple Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 1-13 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Import =nce Values for 1-17 Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 l-14 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-18 Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 xviii science services divialon
b'i TABLES (CONTD) Table Title Page 1-15 Vegetation Observed in Sedge Meadow Community, Bailly Study 1-19 Area, July 1979 l-16 Vegetation Observed in Immature Oak Community, Bailly Study 1-19 Area, July 1979 l-17 Vegetation Observed in Wetland Meadow Community, Bailly 1-20 Study Area, July 1979 l-18 Mean Soil Conductivities, Bailly Study Area, 1979 and 1-22 1974-1979 1-19 Abundances of Small Mammals Collected by Trapping, Bailly 1-23 Stud', f.rea, May and October, 1979 l-20 Sightings of Mammals or Mammal Signs, Bailly Study Area, 1979 l-23 1-21 Cottontail Rabbit Sightings along 22-Mile Road Route near 1-25 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 l-22 Bird Abundances in Beachgrass and Immature Oak Forest 1-29 O Communities, Bailly Study Area, 1979 1-23 Bird Abundances in Cowles Bog Communities, Bailly Study Area, 1-30 1979 l-24 Bird Abundances along Cowles Bog Trail, Bailly Study Area, 1-31 1979 l-25 Bird abundances in Maple Forest and Transmission Corridor 1-32 Communities, Bailly Study Area, l'79 l-26 Numbers and Occurrences of Birds along the 22-Mile Road 1-34 Route, Bailly Study Area, 1979 1-27 Maximum Numbers of Aquatic and Shore Birds Observed in 1-35 Aquatic Bird Surveys, Bailly Study Area,1979 l-28 Abundances of Amphibians and Reptiles, Bailly Study Area,1979 l-37 j 1-29 Occurrences of Arthropod Taxa, Bailly Study Area, 1979 1-41 2-1 Aquatic Ecology Sampling Frequency, Bailly Study Area, 2-2 April 1978-March 1979 2-2 Scheduled Dates and Purposes of all Aquatic Field Trips 2-3 f 2-3 Phytoplankton Occurrence, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-9 L xix science services division
O TABLES (CONTD) Table Title Page 2-4 Annual Occurrence of Phytoplankton, Lake Michigan and 2-11 Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-5 Mean Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume, Bailly Study 2-18 Area, 1979 2-6 Percent Composition of Major Phytoplankton Group, Bailly 2-21 Study Area, 1979 2-7 Phytoplankton ANOVA Results, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-35 2-8 Comparison of Periphyton Occurrence in Sampling Years 2, 3, 2-36 4, 5, and 6, Bailly Study Area 2-9 Percent Composition of Major Periphyton Groups, Bailly Study 2-42 Area, 1977 2-10 Percent Composition of Dominant Periphyton Diatoms in 2-44 Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-11 Percent Composition of Dominant Periphyton Diatoms, Nearshore 2-45 Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1979 g 2-12 Zooplankton Occurrence, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-51 2-13 Zooplankton Occurrence, Lake Michigan and Nearshore Ponds, 2-53 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-14 Zooplankton Density, Bailly Study A.ea, 1979 2-58 2-15 Percent Composition of Major Zooplankton Forms, Bailly 2-66 Study Area, 1979 2-16 Benthic Invertebrate Density, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-76 2-17 Percent Composition of Abundant Benthic Organisms, Bailly 2-80 Study Area, 1979 2-18 Benthic Organisms in Lake Michigan and Nearshore Ponds, 2-83 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-19 Benthic Invertebrate Occurrence, Bailly Study Area,1979 2-88 2-20 Sediment Particle Size, Bailly Study Area, August 1979 2-92 i 1 2-21 Food, Habitats, and Tolerance Limits of Common Groups of 2-95 i Benthic Invertebrates I 2-22 Macrophyte Composition, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 2-104 l l xx science services division
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/<~) k/ TABLES (CONTD) Table Title Page 2-23 Generalized Key to Common Nearshore Pond Macrophyte Flora 2-106 Collected in Bailly Study Area 2-24 Common and Scientific Names of Fish Collected in Bailly 2-112 Study Area, 1974-1979 2-25 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Gill Net, 2-113 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-26 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Catch Collected by 2-114 Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-27 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Beach 2-115 Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-28 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Catch Collected 2-117 by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-29 Number and Percent 23mposition of Fish Collected by Electro- 2-118 fishing, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-30 Mean Densities of Fish Eggs Collected by Vertical Tows, Bailly 2-119 Study Area, 1974-1979 2-31 Mean Densities of Fish Larvae Collected by Vertical Tows, 2-120 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-32 Mean Denstties of Fish Eggs Collected by Benthic Pump, Bailly 2-121 Study Area, 1974-1979 I i 2-33 Mean Densities of Fish Larvae Collected by Benthic Pump, 2 121 l Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-34 Incidental Ichthyoplankton Observations from Ponar Grab 2-122 Samples, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-35 Catch per Unit ".ffort and Mean Lengths and Weight ci Ale- 2-124 wives Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-36 Cathe per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Ale- 2-125 wives Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-37 Food Habits of Adult Alewife, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-126 2-38 Condition Factors of Fish Collected in Bailly Station Vicin- 2-126 ity, 1974-1979, Plus Values Obtained from Relevant Literature 2-39 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Yellow 2-128 (q / Perch Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 xxi science services division
o TABLES (CONTD) Table Title Page 2-40 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Yellow 2-129 Perch Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Stdf Area,1974-1979 2-41 Food Habits of Adult Yellow Perch, Ba'.lly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-130 2-42 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Spotta11 2-131 Shiners Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-43 Food Habits of Adult Spottail Shiners, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-133 2-44 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Chinook 2-136 Salmon Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-45 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Lake 2-137 Treut Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-46 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Brown 2-138 Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-47 Ca:ch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Steel- 2-139 head Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-48 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Coho 2-140 Salmon Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-49 Food Habits of Adult Salmonids, Bailly Study Area,1979 2-141 2-50 Food Habits of Adult Gizzard Shad, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2-142 2-51 Lake Michigan Commercial Fishery Reported Catch in Pounds, 2-143 1970-1979 2-52 Rarc, Endangered, or Threatened Fish Species in Indiana 2-144 2-53 Water Quality Values Defined by the Indiana Stream Pollution 2-146 Control Board, or USEPA and Applicable to Lake Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area 2-54 Water Quality Parameters Measured in Bailly Study Area 2-147 2-55 Concentrations of Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, and Organic 2-166 Nitrogen, Lake Michigan Control Station 9S and Nearshore Pond Stations 17-21, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-56 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, 2-170 Bailly Study Area, April 1979-March 1980 2-57 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, 2-171 Bailly Study Area, April 1978-March 1979 xxii science services divistor. l l
Ok TABLES (CONTD) Table Title Page 2-58 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, 2-171 Bailly Study Area, April 1977-March 1978 2-59 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, 2-172 Bailly Study Area, January 1976-March 1977 2-60 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, 2-172 Bailly Study Area, April 1975-March 1976 2-61 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, 2-173 Bailly Study Area, May 1974-February 1975 O V. l O { science services division xxiii
O N.] SECTION 1 TERRESTRIAL
1.1 INTRODUCTION
AND STATUS The objectives of this sixth annual report on terrestrial monitoring act ivitie s in the Bailly study area are to document existing environmental conditions and to indicate changes in the terrestrial biota relative to construction of Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCo) Bailly Nuclear-1 Generating Station. Monitoring of the terrestrial biota in the study area has continued since 1974 through a sampling program that encompasses vegetation, soil con-duc t ivity , mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and arthropods. The terrestrial sampling program and investigators for 1979 are outlined on Table O L' l-1. Sampling locations for the various sampling activities are shown on Figures 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3. Sampling methods followed the procedures defined in the Standard Operating Procedures prepared for NIPSCo previously (Texas Instruments 1978a). 1.2 VEGETATION , The ge ne.ral botanical history of the Bailly study area was described, vegetation types and land-use categories were mapped, and distinguishing characteristics of each mapped unit were discussed in the first annual report (Texas Instruments 1975). Sampling during 1979 was conducted at the 11 established locations (Figure 1-1). The vegetational stratigraphy (herbs, shrubs, and trees) in each permanent sampling plot in locations 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5, 6, and 8 wat quantitatively s ampled in July 1979, as was the macrophyte community in Pond B. Locations 9, 10, and 11 were qualit at ive ly investigated. These sampling data were used to characterize present floral conditions, with emphasis again placed on the dominant and important species. These data also were compared with those collected in September 1974 and July 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978 to describe community dynamics and to indicate # differences and similarities in vegetation over the six years. 1-1 science services division
O Table 1-1 Terrestrial Ecology Sampling Schedule and Personnel for the Spring, Summer, and Fall Seasons of 1979 Sampling Spring Summer Fall Sampling Activity Location
- May 1-16 Jul 2-31 Oct 2-15
- 1. Vegetation and soils
- a. Vegetation analysis e Quantitative 1-8 x e Qualitative 9-11 x
- b. Foliar effects 1-11 x x x
- c. Soil conductivity analysis 1-6, 8-10 x x x
- 2. Mamals
- a. Small mamal trapping 1,3,4,6,8 x x
- b. Large mamal observations 1-11 x x x
- c. Roadside counts (rabbits) 22-mi route x x
- 3. Avifauna
- a. Transect counts 1, 3-6, 8 x x Cowles Bog Trail
- b. Roadside counts (pheasants 22-mi route x x and doves)
- c. Aquatic bird survey A-J x x
- 4. Reptiles and amphibians 1-8 x x
- 5. Entomology '8
- x PERSONNEL Roy Greer Roy Greer Roy Greer Tom Manthey Audrey James See Figures 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3.
Tables 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5 present data, by sampling location, that indicate some of the vegetational changes occurring during the 6 year monitoring program. Ground-cover composition (vegetation / litter) data are shown in Table 1-2, and the number of herbaceous-stratum species of each sampling location during the monitoring period are shown in Table 1-3. The distribution of herbacecus-stratum taxa having an importance value of 20 or greater during 1979 sampling is shown in Table 1-4; differences between the impo rtant herbaceous species in 1979 and those of past years also are shown 1-2 science services division
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0 Table 1-2 l Composition (Vegetation / Litter) of Ground Cover in Herbaceous Stratum Sampling Plots, Bailly Study Area, Summer Samplings 1974 to 1978, and 1979 Vagetation (%) Litter (%) 7otal Cover (%) Sampling Mean Range Mean Mean Range Mean Mean Range Mean Location Comunity 1974-78 1974-78 1979 1974-78 1974-78 1979 1974-78 1974-78 1979 1 8eachgrass 33 14-43 22 43 29-51 73 76 63-94 95 2 Foredune 26 17-38 35 29 14-36 17 55 48-66 52 3 Imature Oak Forest 16 8-29 26 65 56-75 66 81 64-89 92 4A Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) 27 12-46 32 65 44-82 66 92 86-94 98 48 Cowles 8og (Wooded-Wet) 37 12-66 68 51 22-82 21 88 61-100 89 5 Cowles Bog (0 pen) 51 48-53 48 37 30-44 52 88 81-93 100 6 Maple Forest 13 3-23 20 'O 50-81 75 83 73-92 95 8 Transmission Corridor 67 52-85 50 31 15-48 36 99 98-100 86 Table 1-3 (V] Number of Plant Species in Herbaceous Stratum Sampling Plots, Bailly Study Area, during Summer Samplings from 1974 to 1979 Sampling Standard Location Comunity 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Mean Deviation 1 Beachgrass 1 1 1 1 1 2 1.2 0.4 2 Foredune 14 16 19 19 25 22 19.1 3.9 3 Imature Oak Forest 19 20 24 26 26 22 22.8 3.0 4A CowlesBog(Wooded-Dry) 14 19 16 14 17 18 16.3 2.1 48 CowlesBog(Wooded-Wet) 21 19 28 30 25 20 23.8 4.5 5 CowlesBog(0 pen) 26 25 25 18 15 8 19.5 7.2 6 Maple Forest 20 18 22 22 18 17 19.5 2.2 8 Transmission Corridor 25 25 33 35 25 18 26.8 6.2 on the table. Changes in dominance, rank, and number of tree-class in-dividuals from 1974 to 1979 in applicable sampling locations (2, 3, 4A, 4B, and 6) are shown in Table 1-5. 'luantitative and qualitative sampling data O for 1979 are in Tables 1-6 through 1-17. An annotated list of plant species
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observed in the Bailly study area during the 6 year monitoring period is presented in Table A-1. 1-5 science services division
O Table 1-4 Distribution of Principal Herbaceous Stratum Taxa (Importance Value 220) during 6-Year Monitoring Period, with Importance Values for July 1979 Sampling Location
- Imature "I'5 009 0 #I Cowles Bog Maple Transmission Beachgrass ForeduN Oak Forest Dry Wet (0 pen) Forest Corridor Taxon (1) (2: (3) (4A) (48) (5) (6) (8)
Acer rubrum 4*' + E piiTT W brev1119ulata 291 ** Andropoqon gerardit 108 Andropogon scoparius 120 Calamovilfa longifolia 34 Carex pennsylvanica 77 85 ** ** ** teTaitrus scandens **+ Circea alpina 4f+ CeTanTum maculatum ** Geum canadense 24+ IFpitiens biflora 26 *** **+ Leersia cryzoides 56 58 40 Lemna minor **+ Lindera bentoin **+ Maianthem m canadense 25+ Osmunda cinnamomea 20+ 0=alis stricta 22* Eir W nocissus quinquefolia **+ 35+ Phragmites com,unis ** Pilee pumila ** 33 Poa sp. *** ** 43+ foTygonum sagittatum **+ Prunus serotina 54 Pteridium aqualinum 66 Pycanthamum virginianum 26+ Fnus radicans 24* ** Fosa 6Tanda 23+ Eu5us flagellaris **+ Sassafras albidum 23+ 22+ 5ET1acina racemosa 25+ Smilacina stellata 23+ folidago sp. 34 ** Stachys palustris **+ Symolocarpus foetidus 64 Thalictrum ol amun **
"elyptris pa ustr s **+
Lha latifolia 177 tica urens 25 Vaccinium pennsylvanicum 105 Total species 1 4 3 4 5 3 7 5 Importance value 291 212 168 236 255 273 200 244 Percent of total importance 97.0 70.7 56.0 78.7 85.0 91.0 66.7 81.3 Refer to Figure 1-1. Taxa observed with an importance value 220 during previous July samplings.
- Change in status f om 1978 samplings.
A'l vegetation data collected during the first five years of the monitoring program (1974-1978) are included in Appendix tables A-2 through A-65. These are presented for comparison purposes and to document corrections not included in the respective annual reports. 1-6 science services division
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Table 1-5 Changes in Dominance, Rank, and Number of Individuals in the Tree Class for Selected Sampling Locations, Batlly Study Area, May 1974 to July 1979 1974-1979 May 1974 July 1979 Individuals Change in Sampling Location Taxa Dominance
- Rank
- Dominance Rank Lost Gained Dominance 2 Foredune Comunity Pinus bankstana 1.0 2 1.9 2 0 1 +0.9 Populus deltoides 1.0 3 2.0 4 0 0 +1.0 0.4 4 0.9 3 0 2 +0.5 Luercusvelutina +0.2 Tilia americana 2.9 1 3.1 1 0 0 Total 5.3 7.9 0 3 +2.6 3 Imature Oak Forest Community Quercus alba 0.3 2 0.1 2 0 0 -0.2 Quercus velutina 32.9 1 42.5 1 1 15 +9.6 Total 33.2 42.6 1 15 +9.4 4A Cowles Bog (Wooded-Ory)
Lindera benzoin ** - - 0.4 4 0 1 +0.4 Prunus serotina 1.0 3 2.5 3 0 1 +1.5 Quercus alba 2.0 2 1.7 2 1 2 -0.3 Quercus velutina 79.0 1 87.3 1 1 14 +8.3 Total 82.0 91.9 2 18 +9.9 48 CowlesBog(Wooded-Wet) f,') Acer rubrum 24.4 1 26.8 1 4 4 +2.4 (,/ Betula lutea 3.9 3 4.1 2 1 0 +0.8 Nyssa sylvatica** - - 1.0 5 0 2 +1.0
. Prunus serotina 0.9 5 1.0 6 0 0 +0.1 Salix nigra 16.3 2 5.2 4 4 4 -11.1 Sassafras albidum 3.0 4 3.1 3 1 0 +0.1 Ulmus rubra" - - 0.4 7 0 1 +0.4 Total 48.5 42.2 10 11 -6.3 6 Maple Forest Acer rubrum 51.4 1 63.8 1 5 5 +12.4 Crataegus sp. 0.6 6 1.1 6 0 0 +0.5 Prunus serotina-- 13.4 3 16.0 3 0 0 +2.6 Quercus alba 1.4 4 1.7 5 0 0 +0.3 Robinia pseudoacacia 9.7 2 12.4 2 1 1 +2.7 Sassafras albidum 1.4 5 2.1 4 0 1 +0.7 Total 77.9 97.1 6 7 +19. 2 Dominance is expressed as the basal area in square feet per acre, and rank is based on importance values.
" Species not present in May 1974.
1.2.1 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 1.2.1.1 Beachgrass community. A single individual of smooth horsetail (Equisetum hymale) vas observed in the beachgrass community in 1979 (Table 1-6); this was the first observation in sampling plots of any plant other ('g than American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) during the 6-year ' monitoring period. Smooth horsetail, a perennial with widely creeping rhizomes, it is re ported to be a common inhabitant of the sides of moving 1-7 science services division
O dunes and subdunal wet areas (Lyon 1927), and nas been noted during the O monitoring period in such areas weet of the Bailly site fence. Table 1-6 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance 'Ialues fo r Beachgrass Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Total Total Relative Relative Relative Importance Tanon Observations Dominance Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
A m rhila brev111991sta 2.257 220 913.379 99.9 9.570 100 100 90.9 290.8 Equisetum hym_ ale 1 Tr 405 00.1 Tr Tr 10 9.1 9.2 Total 913.784
- Density is espressed as number of individuals per acre. darinance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
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American beachgrass continued to increase in density, especially within the previously burned plots, although dominance unexpectedly decreased somewhat from its 1978 status. The decrease may have been partly due to variation in cover estimates for the sampling periods. 1.2.1.2 Foredune Community. The herbaceous and other strata in this community remained similar to those observed in 1978, with changes consistent with those expected. Little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius), goldenrod (Solidago sp.), sand reedgrass (Calamovilfa longif g), and poison ivy (Rhus radicans) were the more impo rtant species in the herbaceous stratum (Table 1-7). Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) decreased slightly in importance in July 1979, and for the first t ime , Gme lin' s puccoon (Lithospermum carolinense) was not observed in the plots. Since 1975 Gmelin's pucoon had generally increased in both cover and density. Its absence in the plots may be attributable to the unusually cold winter of 1978-1979, although this is uncertain. The species is reported as characteristic throughout the dunes (Peattie 1930) but apparently occurs in localized populations. O l-8 science services divisloa
o@ Table 1-7 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Foredune Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Relative Relative Relative Importance Taxon Density
- Censity Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value' Herbs Annophila breviligulata 6.070 1.0 131 0.8 30 ' 5.4 7.2 Andropogon scoparius 407.924 70.2 5.837 35.4 80 14.3 119.9 0.1 44 0.3 10 1.8 2.2 Aster,sp. 405 34.2 Cab novilfa tenaifolia 63.536 10.9 1.481 9.0 80 14.3 Celestrus scandens 4.047 0.7 1.351 8.2 50 8.9 17.8 Euphorbia coroliata 6.070 1.0 523 3.2 20 3.6 7.8 Galium boreale 1.214 0.2 44 0.3 10 1.8 2.3 Denothera sp. 2.833 0.5 131 0.8 10 1.8 3.1 Panicam hauchucae 2.833 0.5 87 0.5 'O 1.8 2.8 Parthenocissus quinquefolia 1.619 0.3 174 1.1 10 1.8 3.8 Prunus sp. 405 0.1 218 1.3 10 1.8 3.2 Quercus velutina 809 0.1 348 2.1 20 3.6 5.8 Rhus radicans 28.733 4.9 2.047 12.4 40 7.1 24.4 Rosa blanda 2.023 0.3 218 1.3 10 1.8 3.4 IGiEeckia hirta 2.023 0.3 131 0.8 20 2.6 3.7 smilax herbacea 405 0.1 87 0.5 10 1.8 2.4 5iHTTacina racemosa 1.214 0.2 44 0.3 10 1.8 2.3 Solidago graminifolia 8.903 1.5 392 2.4 30 5.4 9.3 Solidago sp. 37.636 6.5 2.526 15.3 70 12.5 34.3 Tradescantia viroiniana 809 0.1 131 0.8 10 1.8 2.7 verbascun thapsus 405 0.1 44 0.3 10 1.8 2.2 vitis sp. 1.214 0.2 479 2.9 10 1.8 4.9 Total 581.130 Shrubs
'" celastrus scandens 81 20.0 131 2.4 10 20.0 42.4 Prunus (virginianal 40 10.0 174 3.2 1( 20.0 33.2 Quercus velutina 121 30.0 2.483 46.3 20 40.0 116.3 Tilia americana 162 40.0 2.570 48.0 10 20.0 108.0 Total 404 Trees Finus banksiana 12 25.0 1.9 24.1 20 28.6 77.7 F6puTus deltoides 4 8.0 2.0 25.3 10 14.3 47.6 Ouercus velutina 8 16.0 0.9 11.4 20 28.6 56.0 Tilia americana 24 50.0 3.1 39.2 20 28.6 117.8 Total 48 Density expressed as number of individuals per acre. dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
Parentheses indicate tentative identification. Generally, species composition and ground-cover composition (vegetation / litter) in the herbaceous plots were comparable to those of the previous years; however, there has been a general trend of increased diversity throughout the monitoring period (1974-1979). O b In the shrub class, the import ance of basswood (Tilia americana) increased over 1978, primarily because of the addition of four individuals. 1-9 science services division
O O Bittersweet and cherry (Prunus sp.) became minor components of the shrub stratum. Although not identified positively, the c'.. t r ry wa s mo s t likely sand cherry (P. pumila). Sand cherry is abundant in the high dunes (Peattie 1930) and is a predominant member of foredune communities (Shelford 1963). Bittersweet was an impo rtant species in the ground-cover stratum for the past several years. Although it is predominantly a ground-cover opecies in the study area, its climbing, viny nature accounts for its occasional presence in the shrub stratum. One jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and one black oak (Quercus velutina) attained tree-class size, adding to the 0.8-square-foot overall growth of this stratum. This was the least amount of tree growth in the cover types s ampled , primarily because of the comparatively low density of trees in the community. 1.2.1.3 Immature Oak Forest Community. The impo rt ance value of Pennsyl-vania sedge (Carex pensylvanica) remained highest among the herb-class species in this community (Table 1-8). The importance value of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) remained approximately the same as during 1978, whereas the importance value of f alse Solomon' s seal (Smilacina racemosa) increased, re flecting increases in dominance as well as density. Generally, species composicion and ground-cover composition in the herbaceous plots were similar to those of previous years, although the number of species showed a slight decline from those of 1977 and 1978. The status of species in the shrub stratum remained similar to that in 1978, with grape (Vitis sp.) as an added minor component. Like bittersweet in the foredune community, grape is generally considered a herbaceous-stratum species, but occasionally is categorized as a shrub because of its viny growth form. Tree-class composition also remained similar to that of past years, except for the addition of two black oaks. Overall, the basal area of the tree class increased 4.1 square feet per acre over 1978. The continued addition of black oaks into the tree class and the relat ive ly few losses indicated 1-10 science services division
O b that the cover type was maturing toward a later successional stage, as represented by the Cowles Bog wooded-dry cover type. Table 1-8 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Immature Oak Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Relative Relative Relative Importance Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value' Herbs talamovilfa longifolia 405 0.2 0 0.0 10 1.9 2.1 Carex pennsylvanica 127.476 61.6 915 7.9 40 7.7 77.2 Caren sp. 2.833 1.4 44 0.4 10 1.9 3.7 f.ha,opodium standleyanum 7.384 3.6 44 0.4 10 1.9 5.9 Cuspositae 1.214 0.6 131 1.1 20 3.8 5.5 Hamamelis virginiana 4.856 2.3 697 6.0 40 7.7 16.0 Panicum hauchucae 1.619 0.8 44 0.4 10 1.9 3.1 Poa sp. 14.973 7.2 87 0.8 10 1.9 9.9 PMop yllum peltatum 1.619 0.8 915 7.9 10 1.9 10.6 Fru.'.as serotina 809 0.4 44 0.4 10 1.9 2.7 Pte7Etum aquilinum 6.880 3.3 5.881 50.7 60 11.5 65.5 Euercusvelutina 405 0.2 0 0.0 10 1.9 2.1 Rhus 7 dicans 2.833 1.4 87 0.8 40 7.7 9.9 Nosa blanda 5.666 2.7 261 2.3 10 1.9 6.9 Eu3Eeckia hirta 405 0.2 44 0.4 10 1.9 2.5 sassafras albidum 4.047 2.0 697 6.0 30 5.8 13.8 5milax herbacea 1.619 0.8 44 0.4 30 5.8 7.0 Pi Smilacina racemosa 10.927 5.3 915 7.9 60 11.5 24.7 y' Solidago sp.
Taraxacum of ficinale 3.642 405 1.8 0.2 305 44 2.6 0.4 40 10 7.7 1.9 12.1 2.5 Tradescantia virginiana 4.856 2.3 174 1.5 40 7.7 11.5 vaccinium pennsylvanicum 2.023 1.0 218 1.9 10 1.9 3.8 Total 206.896 Shrubs Hamamells virginiana 1.862 71.9 10.934 59.9 60 37.5 169.3 Quercus velutina 243 9.4 2.570 14.1 40 25.0 48.5 5assa fraGT3 tem 445 17.2 4.704 25.8 50 31.3 74.3 vitis sp. 40 1.5 44 0.2 10 6.3 8.0 Totai 2.590 Trees Quercus alba 4 2.2 0.1 0.2 1.0 9.1 11.5 Quercus WTutina 178 97.8 42.5 39.8 100 90.9 288.5 Total 182
** msity expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative valu15.
1.2.1.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Community. Pennsylvania sedge and blue-berry (Vaccinium pensylvanicum) were agair. the predominant species in the dry wood s' herbaceous stratum (Table 1-9). Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) and false Solomon's seal were other important species in this class. Both of the m s 1-11 science services division
o O latter species were impo rtant during and prior to 1976 sampling but not during 1977 and 1978. Evidently their changes in importance were based on variances in density as well as cover. Because both speciee are perrennial forbs, these variances are most likely attributed to weather conditions. The number of species present and the ground-cover composition in herbaceous plots were comparable to those of past sampling periods. The percent of total importance by important species (Table 1-9) was similar to that of most of the communities sampled, but the number of import ant s pec ie s doubled since the July 1978 sampling. Table 1-9 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Inportance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Vegetation, Bail,1y Study Area, July 1979 Relative Relative Relative Importance Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Oominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Acer rubrum 1,156 0.2 488 3.2 14 2.9 6.3 CaTex pennsylvanica 353,812 72.1 562 3.7 43 9.0 84.8 (Chenopodium sp.) 2,312 0.5 61 0.4 14 2.9 3.8 (Cystopteris fragalis) 578 0.1 61 0.4 14 2.9 3.4 Galium sp. 1,156 0.2 Tr Tr 14 2.9 3.1 Ostrya virginiana 578 0.1 61 0.4 14 2.9 3.4 Parthenocissus quinquefolia 5.781 1.2 122 0.8 14 2.9 4.9 Prunus serotina 3,469 0.7 316 2.1 29 6.1 8.9 Quercus velutina 2,023 0.4 213 1.4 21 4.4 6.2 Rosa blanda 3,469 0.7 316 2.1 29 6.1 8.9 fa~ssafras albidum 4,047 0.8 1,935 12.7 43 9.9 22.5 Smilax herbacea 578 0.1 Tr Tr 14 2.9 3.0 5milacina stellata 16,187 3.3 680 4.5 71 14.9 22.7 Solidago sp. 1,156 0.2 Tr Tr 14 2.9 3.1 Tephrosia virginiana 1,156 0.2 61 0.4 14 2.9 3.5 Ulmus rubra 578 0.1 Tr Tr 14 2.9 3.0 Vaccinium pennsylvanicum 91,922 18.7 10,302 67.9 86 18.1 104.7 Viola pedata 578 0.1 Tr Tr 14 2.9 3.0 Total 490.536 Shrubs Acer rubrum 116 18.2 809 12.5 29 22.5 53.2 Pruiius serotina 347 54.5 4.729 73.1 57 4'.2 171.6 Quercus alba 58 9.1 62 1.0 14 10 9 21.0 Quercus Etina 116 18.2 871 13.5 29 22. ~ 54.2 Total 637 Trees Lindera benzoin 6 3.2 0.4 0.4 14 8.9 12.5 Prunus serotina 17 8.9 2.5 2.7 14 8.9 20.5 Quercus alba 17 8.9 1.7 1.8 29 18.5 29.2 Quercus E tina 150 78.9 87.3 95.0 100 63.7 237.6 Total 190
- Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
Tr = trace. Parentheses indicate tentative identification. 1-12 science services division
O <3 Some mortality had occurred in the shrub stratum, including the single individual of sassafras which was first recorded in 1978. The only addition to the shrub stratum was one white oak (Quercus alba). In the tree class, one white oak and one black oak were lost, but neither loss changed the status of the species in this stratum. This represented a 7.6-square-feet per-acre loss for the community since July 1978. However, an overall 9.9-square-feet per-acre gain has occurred in the community during the 6 year monitoring period. 1.2.1.5 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Community. As in 1978, the most important herb-class species in the wet woods was skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) (Table 1-10). Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) was neerly as important, and other prominent species were jewelweed (Impatiens biflora), small stinging nettle (Urtica urens), and wild lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum canadense). Q,r'N The community contained six important herb-class species (only the maple forest community had more), each of which had been listed previously as an important species for the community. These six species contributed 85 percent of the total importance, an increase of about 33 percent over 1978. The shrub stratum exhibited several changes, including the loss of speckled alder (Alnus incana), poison ivy, poison sumac (Rhus vernix), and black willow (Salix nigra), and the addition of Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and red elm (Ulmus rubra). These changes were due primarily to the relocation of two plots, necessitated by loss of sampling location markers due to changes in water level (the wooden markers were replaced with PVC conduit, which should persist through the remaining monitoring). The tree stratum generally declined in growth, primarily because of the loss of three red maples and one yellow birch (Betula latea). Two of the three red maples were previously reported to be leaning (Texas Instruments 1978 and 1979). Death of the other trees apparently was caused by water fluctuation and the past winter' s extreme weather. The tree stratum in this community Vlq has shown the greatest fluctuation of any of the sampling locations. It has 1-13 science services division
O exhibited a loss of 10 individuals and a gain of 11, with a net loss of 6.3 square feet per acre during the monitoring period. Table 1-10 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Relative Relative Relative !mportance Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Duminance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Hertis Actinomerid alternifolia 1,156 0.3 61 0.2 14 2.5 3.0 (~airIToliaceae 578 0.1 366 1.5 14 2.5 4.1 Caren sp. 20,812 5.2 183 0.7 14 2.5 8.4 E2 3 1 11olonifers 2,891 0.7 671 2.7 14 2.5 5.9
$1cotyledoneae vine 578 0.1 183 0.7 14 2.5 3.3 leoatiens biflora 27,172 6.8 1,608 6.5 71 12.5 25.8 Q_r5_it e grH2i dei 147.422 36.7 3,411 13.9 29 5.1 55.7 4eptoloma cognatum) 1,734 0.4 61 0.2 14 2.5 3.1 MjLipnthemum canadense 57,812 14.4 1,263 5.1 29 5.1 24.6 Oaoclea sensibilts 8,094 2.0 821 3. 3 29 5.1 10.4 munda Thnamomes 10,406 2.6 2,906 11.8 29 5.1 19.5 arthenocissus luinquefolia 2.891 0.7 183 0.7 14 2.5 3.9 FHee pumila 21,969 5.5 126 0.5 29 5.1 11.1 NTRonum artfolium 1,734 0.4 366 1.5 14 2.5 4.4 kosa bTanda 578 0.1 244 1.0 14 2.5 3.6 SoIIdago sp. 2.891 0.7 61 0.2 14 2.5 3. 4 5 eplocarpus feetidus 27,750 6.9 9,770 39.7 100 17.5 64.1 Ulmus rubra 1,156 0.3 244 1.0 14 2.5 3.8 Urtica um 24,231 6.0 1,061 4.3 86 15.1 25.4 Urtica sp. 39,891 9.9 1,037 4.2 14 2.5 16.6 Total 401,796 Shrubs Ace rubrum 58 3.6 498 4.2 14 12.3 20.1 F us stolonifera 1,156 71.4 9,148 76.6 43 37.7 185.1
[Tidera ben! d 289 17.9 1,4 31 12.0 29 25.4 55.3 Parthenocissus quinquefolia ~ 58 3.6 187 1.6 14 12.3 17.5 Ulmus ntb re 58 3.6 685 5.7 14 12.3 21.6 Tota! ',619 Trees Acer rubrom 92 52.9 26.8 63.5 86 43.2 159.6 BetEliftea 29 16.7 4.7 11.1 43 21.6 49.4 Nyssasfiitica 12 6.9 1.0 2.4 14 1.0 16.3 Prunus serotina 6 3. 4 1.0 2.4 14 7.0 12.6 Salin nigra 6 3.4 5.2 12.3 14 7.0 22.7 lassafras albidum 23 13.2 3.1 7.3 14 7. 0 27.5 UTmus rubra 6 3.4 0.4 0.9 14 1.0 11.3 Total 174
- Density expressed as nwnber of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plets in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
Parentheses indicate tentative identification. 1.2.1.6 Cowles Bog (0 pen) Community. Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), clear-weed (Pilea pumila), and cattail (Tyrha latifolia) remained the predominant
'.erbaceous species in this type (Table 1-11). Relocation of the sample plots probably accounted fo r the loss of several minor species during the 1978 sampling.
The three impo r t ant herbaceous species in 1979 were also listed as important in past years, with cattail consistently the most important. These species 1-14 science services division
o
'~] Table 1-11 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (0 pen) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Relative Relative Relative Importance l
Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Impatiens biflora 1,619 1.0 44 0.2 10 3.4 4.6 Leerzia oryzoides 53,823 32.6 349 1.7 70 24.1 58.4 Pilea pumila 21.044 12.7 218 1.0 70 24.1 37.8 Poa sp 2,023 1.2 Tr Tr 10 3.4 4.6 TJex fverticillatus) 405 0.2 131 0.6 10 3.4 4.2 KoTaiium dulcamara 5,666 3.4 566 2.7 10 3.4 9.5 T ha latifolia 80.128 48.5 19,776 93.8 100 34.5 176.8 rt ca sp. 405 0.2 Tr Tr 10 3.4 3.6 Total 165,113
- Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
Tr = trace Parentheses indicate tentative identification, comprised 95 percent of the total importance, indicating one of the lawest p diversities of the communities sampled . The number of species present has V generally declined throughout the monitoring period. Vegetative ground i.over was low, but within the expected range, while the litter cover was more extensive than ever recorded during the monitoring period. The extent of litter cover reflected the dry conditions during July 1979 sampling. No shrubs or trees were observed in the sampling plots. 1.2.1.7 Maple Forest Community. Black cherry (Prunus serotina) remained the most important herb species in the maple forest (Table 1-12), and the importance values of six^ other species exceeded 20, with red maple and enchant er' s night shade (Circea alpina) the highest among these. Sassafras and Canadian avens (Geum canadense) were among the important herbaceous species for the first tiv Both are common components of other maple forests in the area. s The maple fores t had the least vegetative ground cover during 1979 and has the lowest average for the monitoring period. The total estimated density [mI for the herbaceous stratum in this community has consistently been the lowest v of the areas sampled during the monitoring period. 1-15 science services division
O Table 1-12 O Density, Domina- , Frequency, and Importance Values for Maple "orest Commu, ty Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Relative Relative Relative Importance Taxon nensity* Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency value*
Herbs Actea rubra 405 0.3 44 0.6 10 2.3 3.2 Acer rubrum 40,873 29.6 261 3.2 60 14.0 47.3 CTFcacea alpina 27,923 20.2 1,002 14.1 30 7.0 41.3 Cornus florida 2,023 1.5 174 2.5 10 2.3 6.3 Erigenea bliTfiosa 4 ; O.3 44 0.6 10 2.3 3.2 Galium aparine 1,214 0.9 44 0.6 20 4.7 6.2 Geum canadense 16.997 12.3 653 9.2 10 2.3 23.8 GTecoma bederacea 405 0.3 44 0.6 10 2.3 8.6 Impatiens biflora 1,619 1.2 261 3.7 10 2.3 7.2 Lindera benzoin 1,214 0.9 305 4.3 20 4.7 9.9 partnenocissus quinquefolia 13,355 9.7 1,263 17.8 30 7.0 34.5 Prunus serotina 21,448 15.5 1,394 19.6 80 18.6 53.7 Rosa blanda 5,666 4.1 348 4.9 60 14.0 23.0 3anTcula trifoliata 809 0.6 44 0.6 l' 2.3 3.5 sassafras albidum 2,023 1.5 1.089 15.3 % 4.7 21.5 5milacina racemosa 1.214 0.9 87 1.2 30 7.0 9.1 Thalictrum (polygonum) 405 0.3 44 0.6 10 2.3 3.2 Total 137,998 Shrubs Acer rubrum 202 16.6 2,309 27.2 40 36.4 80.2 Prunus serotina 931 76.7 5,968 70.3 60 54.5 201.5 Sassafras albidum 81 6.7 218 2.6 10 9.1 18.4 Total 1.214 Trees Acer rubrum 198 71.2 63.8 65.7 80 42.1 179.0 CFataegus crus-galli 8 2.9 1.1 1.1 10 5.3 9.3 Prunus serotina 24 8.6 16.0 16.5 20 10.5 35.6 Quercus alba - 8 2.9 1.7 1.8 10 5.3 10.0 Robinia pseJdo-acacia 28 in ' 12.4 12.8 50 26.3 49.2 fassafras albidum 12 4.3 2.1 2.2 20 10.5 17.0 Total 278
- Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
Parentheses indicate tentative identification. In the shrub stratum, one flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) was lost, but two sassafras and several black cherry shrubs were gained. The tree stratum was generally the same as during 1978, although one red maple was lost and one sassafras was gained. Stand dominance showed a slight increase for a total increase of 19.2 square feet per acre during the monitoring period. This forest has shown the greatest increase in the tree stratum of any in the study area. Most of the increase was contributed by red maple. 1-16 science services division
. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~
C to\ > G' During the 1979 sampling in Pond B, 1.2.1.8 Emergent Macrophyte Communiy;. three macrophyte species were ol trved, with bullhead lily (Nuphar variegatum) remaining the most impo- snt (Table 1-13). Density, dominance s and frequency values were substantially higher than during 1978. The increases in density and cover followed the general trend shown from 1974 to 1978 for this community. Continued increases in the macrophytes of Pond B are expected and will probably follow the typical early stages of hydrach succession described by Cowles (1899) and Curtis (1971). Table 1-13 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Relative Relative Relative Importance Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency value*
1,619 5.0 44 0.6 20 18.2 23.8 Brazenia schreberi Nupher variegatum 18,616 57.5 7,362 97.1 70 63.6 218.2 Potamogeton(vaseoi) 37.5 174 2.3 20 18.2 58.0 12.141 32,376 V Total
*Delsity expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
Parentheses indicate tentative identification. - 1.2.1.9 Transmission Corridor. Vegetation in this community was affected by a fire in spring 1979. The burning, in conjunction with the previous year's herbicide treatment (Texas Instruments 1979), has favored increases in grass species (Table 1-14). This is evident in the continued importance of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi) and cutgrass. Wood sorrel (Oxalis stricta), which was not present in the sampling plots in 1978, had an importance value greater than 20 during 1979. Wood sorrel is recognized as a common, weedy species (Reed and Hughes 1971) that becomes established in dry, bare soils. Its presence was most noticeable in the burned plots, and it undoubtedly will decline during recovery. Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum p U virginianum) and bluegrass (Poa sp.) were important for the first time during 1979. The loss of dewberry (Rubus flagellaris) and marsh fern (Thelyptris 1-17 science services clivision
o palustris) as impo rtant species was attributed to herbicide treatment in 1978 e and fire in 1979. Table 1-14 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Relative Relative Relative Importance Taxon Density
- Oensity Dominance
- Oominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Agrostis (alba) 6,880 0.8 Tr Tr 10 2.3 3.1 AndropogonVardi 366,646 40.6 10.106 51.0 70 16.3 107.9 BuTbostylis capillaris 405 0.0 Tr Tr 10 2.3 2.3 Carex sp. 809 0.1 44 0.2 10 2.3 2.6 CoTvolvulus sepium 405 0.0 87 0.4 10 2.3 2.7 cuscuta grovonti 405 0.0 Tr Tr 10 2.3 2.3 Dicotyleadoneae 2,023 0.2 174 0.9 10 2.3 3.4 Iris versicolor 10,117 1.1 958 4.8 10 2.3 8.2 Ceersia oryzoides 137,594 15.2 2,178 11.0 60 14.0 40.2 0xalis stricta 27.114 3.0 1,002 5.1 60 14.0 22.1 Panicum clandestinum 9,712 1.1 436' 2.2 30 7.0 10.3 Poa sp. 299.468 33.2 697 3.5 50 11.6 48.3 FoTygonum sagittatum 3,642 0.4 1 31 0.7 10 2.3 3.4 Pycanthemum virginianum 28,733 3.2 3.049 15.4 30 7.0 25.6 Rubus allegheniensis 3,237 0.4 610 3.1 10 2.3 5.8 SolTdago graminifolia 3,237 0.4 174 0.9 20 4.7 6.0 Tradescantia virginiana 405 0.0 87 0.4 10 2.3 2.7 Urtica v ens 1,619 0.2 87 0.4 10 2.3 2.9 Total 902,451
- Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal co,erage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance "21ue is the sum of the three relative values.
Tr - trace. Parentheses indicate tentative identification. 1.2.2 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 1.2.2.1 Sedge Meadow Community. Species common in this community in past samplings (1974-78) were again present ir. 1979 (Table 1-15). Three uncommon, newly recorded species - dune grass (Calamovilfa longifolia), northern bedstraw (Galium boreale), and sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella) - were common taxa in adjacent areas; all are reported common in the dunes area (Peattie 1930). 1.2.2.2 Immature Oak (Interdunal) Community. Seven of the 35 species recorded in this location during 1979 were newly recorded: strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), dwarf dandelion (Krigia biflora), puccoon, cutgrass, blue lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), white oak, and figwort (Scrophularia lanceolata) (Table 1-16). These plants are also typical of the dunes (Peattie 1930). 1-18 science services division
i o I l i V Table 1-15 Vegetation Observed in Sedge Meadow Comunity, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Scientific Name Conron Mame Acer rubrum Red maple KauTiegia canadensis Columbine Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly-weed Calamovilfa longifolia Dune grass Caren pennsylvanica Sedge Eu horbj.a corollata Flowering spurge um sp. Bedstraw Hieracium sp. Hawkweed Lupinus perennis Lupine Tanicum hauchucae Panic grass Pinus bankstana Jack' pine Poa (compressa) Canada bluegrass E nus serotina Black cherry Pteridf MQWinum BraChen fern Quercus velutina Black oak Rosa blanda Pale rose Tu5us alleghentensis Blackberry Rumen acetosella Sheep sorrel Sassafras albidum Sassafras M ilacina stellata Starry false Solomon's seal holidago graminifolia Grass leaved goldenrod ephrosia virginiana Goat's rue "radescantia virginiana Spiderwort Vaccinium pennsylvanica Lowbush blueberry Vitis riparia River bank grape
/7 Table 1-16 V Vegetation Observed in Imature Oak (Interdunal) Comunity, Bailly Study Area, July 1979
$cientific Name Common Name Andropogon scoparius Little bluestem Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly. weed j Caren sp. Sedge Comandra umbellata Bastard toad-flas Erigeron strigosus Daisy fleabane
- uphorbia corollata Flowering spurge fragaria virginiana $trawberry damamelis virginiana Witch-hazel R~elianthus divericatus Woodland sunflower Hieracium sp. Hawkweed Kricia biflora Dwarf dandelion Leersia orytoides Cutgrass Lithospermum carolinense Puccoon Lobelia sion111tica Blue lobelia Opuntia compressa Prickly-pear Panicum sp. Panic grass Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Pinus banksiana Jack pine M sp. Bluegrass Populus tremuloides Trembling aspen Prunus serotina Black cherry Pteridium aquilinum Bracken fern Guercus alba White oak Quercus Etina Black oak Wosa blanda Fale rose IG5us sp. Blackberry Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed susan Sassafri albidum Sassifras Scrophularia lanc'eolata Figwort Smilacina stel:ata Starry false Solanon's seal Solidago graminifolia Grass-leaved goldenrod Tephrosia virginiana Goat's rue Tradescantia virginiana Spiderwort Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lowbush blueberry Vitis riparta Riverbank grape
,e (vl l-19 science services division
O 1.2.2.3 Wetland Meadow Community. All common species observed here during O 1978 were again present in 1979 (Table 1-17). Marsh speedwell (Veronica scutellata), water plantain (Alisma plantagoaquatica), and tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum) were recorded for the first t ime in the community. These species are common to other wet areas on the site. Table 1-17 Vegetation Observed in Wetland Meadow Community, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Scientific Name Corunon Name Alisma plantago-aquatica Water plintain Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem Andropogon scoparius Little bluestem Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Impatiens biflora Jewelweed Leersia oryzoides Cutgrass Pilea pumila Clearweed Polygonum sagittatum Tearthumb Rhus radicans Poison ivy Rhus vernix Poison sumac 3aTTx nigra Black willow Salix sp. Willow Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Solanum dulcamara Nightshade Spirea alba Meadow-sweet Spirea tomentosa Steeple bush Typha latifolia Cattail Urtica dioca Stinging nettle Veronica scutellata Marsh speedwell Several young bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) were observed along the south end of Cowles Bog near sampling location 11 (Figure 1-1). Although the trees are found as far north as New Jersey in the east coast area (Fowells 1965), they have been reported to range northward only to the southernmost c outat ic s of Illinois and Indiana (Mohlenbrock no date; Lindaey, Schmelz, and Nichols 1970), and are not reported among flora of the dunes (Peattie 1930). Although the origin of these trees has not been determined, they probably were planted. Based on their natural distribution, survival is questionable, although some successful plantings have been made in Michigan (Fowells 1965). Their growth and condition will be monitored durin;; future samplings. O l-20 science services division
O 1.2.3 FOLIAR EFTECTS. Most of the cottonwoods occurring in NIPSCo's greenbelt, adjacent to the entrance roadway between sampling locations 7 and 12 (Figure 1-1), exibited stress similar to that reported in July 1977 (Texas Instruments 1977). Reappearance of the stress symptoms was more extensive than the previous incidence, with sassafras and fox grape (Vitis labrusca) also showing indications of stress. Comparison of specimens of affected cottonwood foliage with reported stress symptoms (Jacobson and Hill 1970) identify the probable causal agent as sulfur dioxide. The sporadic incidence of this type of stress along the NIPSCo greenbelt apparently has not seriously impacted vegetation to date. Should similar extents of stress be noted during 1980 sampling on the site, additional specimens will be collected for further analysis. 1.2.4 SOIL CONDUCTIVITY. Previous reports discussed the relationship of salt concentrations in soil to electrical conductivity of the saturated extract (Texas Instruments 1978), crop response to these conductivity values, and relationships between conductivity trends and general soil types of the Bailly study area (Texas Instruments 1979). Soil conductivity values are being monitored to establish preoperational salt deposition trends to deter-mine any impact of salt drift from emissions during. operation of the proposed plant. Soil conductivity values in 1979 were generally highest of any during the monitoring period (Table 1-18). In most locations, May values were higher and July and October values were considerably higher than the mean values from 1974 to 1978. Specifically, the July 1979 average soil conductivity values for the Foredune, Cowles Bog (wooded-dry), Maple Forest, TransNission Corridor, and Immature Oak Forest (Interdunal) communities were the highest observed for these locations during the monitoring period. This is contrary to previous results, which showed generally highest values in May. The values still approximated the previously discussed (Texas Instruments 1979) soil, drainage, and salt accumulation patterns expected among the communities (Figure 1-4). Although analyses during the monitoring period i (G
'j indicated potential salt increases, the values were well below those reported to have detrimental effects on the more sensitive plants.
i 1-21 science services division
O Table 1-18 Mean Soil Conductivities (umhos/cm), Bailly Study Area, 1979 and 1974-1979 May July October Sampling Location 1979 1974-1979 1979 1974-1979 1979 1974-1979 Beachgrass(1) 207 124 341 80 312 81 Foredune (2) 255 239 643 88 421 88 Imature Oak Forest (31 417 122 303 93 608 114 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dryj(4A) 326 181 667 119 281 139 Cowles Bog Wooded-Wets (4B) 626 1.022 1.010 1.141 1.321 848 Cowles Bog Open)(5)* - 949 - 1.117 2.095 783 Maple Forest (6) 535 392 1.332 231 1.011 261 Transmission Corridor (8) 464 210 857 126 537 149 Sedge Meadow (9)* - 124 - 321 264 508 Imature Oak Forest (Interdunal) (10) 411 155 469 90 226 148 Soil samples were not taken in these locations during May and July. COMMUNITIES (SAMPLING LOCATIONS) RANKED BY MEAN SOIL CONDUCTIVITY S0ll STRUCTURE / COMPOSITION (micrombos/cm @ 25* C) o > E e Ae BEACMGRASS (1) FOREDUNE (2) IMMATURE 0AK FOREST (3) IMMATURE OAK FOREST (INTERDUNAL) (10) COWLES B0G (WOODED-CRY) (4a) TRANSMISSION CORRIDOR (8) $ l SEDGE MEADOW (9) $ E ' MAPLE FOREST (6) . COWLES B0G (WOODED-WET) (4b) y COWLES B0G (OPEN) (5) o q n SOIL MOISTURE Figure 1-4. Relationship of Vegetation Communities, Mean Soil Conductivity, Soil Structure / Composition, and Soil Moisture, Bailly Study Area 1.3 MAMMALS 1.
3.1 INTRODUCTION
. Sixteen mammal species were observed in the Bailly study area during 1979. An annotated checklist indicating common and scientific names of these species is presented in Appendix B. Small mammal live-trapping data along assessment lines in five sampling locations are presented in Table 1-19. Larger-mammal sightings and signs are summarized in Table 1-20. Figure 1-5 shows the numbers of mammal species encountered in each sampling location and sampling period. Table 1-21 presents the results of cottontail surveys from 1974-1979. 1-22 science services division
o
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Q} Table 1-19 Abundances (No./100 Trapnights) of Small Mammals Collected by Trapping, Bailly Study Area, May and October, 1979 Ispature Cowles Bog Transmission Beachgrass Oak Forest (Wooded) Maple Forest Corridor Common Name May Detober May October May October May 0:tober May October Short-tailed shrew 1.0 1.7 0.3 0.3 1.7 Masked shrew 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.7 Eastern chipmunk 0,7 0.7 0.3 13-lined ground squirre) 0.7 O.7 Red squirrel 0.3 0.3 0.7 White. footed mouse 1.3 5.7 1.0 4.7 1.3 5.3 3.0 Meadow vole 6.7 6.3 Meadow jumping mouse 1.0 5.3 No./100 trapnights 0.7 12.0 0.0 6.7 1.0 8.1 1.3 6.6 0.3 17.7 No. species 1 6 0 3 1 5 1 4 1 6 Total No. Species 6 3 5 4 6 Table 1-20 Sightings of Mammals or Mammal Signs, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Cowles Rog !=ergent
!are* sre Ccwles Sog (0 pen) *acroonyte Traasstssion Industrial 9eachgrass Foredvee Oak Forest (monded) and Otte 'aole Forest and perterery Corridor Zone O Opossum encren 4ame w ay Jai 'k t Faf Jul Oct "af Ju '. Oct "af Jul Oc t was Jul Oc t war Jai Oc t m* a a m ay Jul Oc t a
'ai Jul Oct "sy Jul Oct Eastern mole a s a s e a a tastern cottoatail rabbit a = a a a a a a a a a Easteen cetprvek 7 12 15 2 4 1311ned ground sawirrel a woodchuck 2 a i a e a Fox sewtreet 1 2 2 1 1 4 tee seelrret 1 1 1 4 1 2 mu skrat 1 I eaccoon a a a a e n = 1 s 4 2 a a a a n 1 a e a a Whtte-tailed deee s 1 ** a a l ** a a 1" a 1 a 2 1 a a a a a a a 4o. species 3 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 6 6 8 6 3 3 1 5 8 3 1 3 3 1 4 1 0 0 Total 4o. species 3 3 6 8 6 9 4 4 1 n denotes stghting of signs only.
$5ee 3nimal.
1.3.2 RESULTS 1.3.2.1 Beachgrasu Community. During the past three years (1977-79), trapping results in this community and most others sampled for small mammals have shown substantially smaller populations in spring than in fall (Table 1-19). Although small mammal populations normally increase through the warmer months of the year, sevece winter conditions can cause greater winter e die-off and increase the difference between spring and fall numbers. I ( 1-23 science services division
o The masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) was the only small mammal captured here in May, whereas six species were captured in October. The meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) was the most frequently captured species during October. The masked shrew appeared somewhat more common in this locale than in other trapping areas. Apparently this small insectivore occurs in a variety of habitats in Indiana, although its preferred habitat contains fairly dense ground cover (Mumford 1969). 20 - 4 MAY 18 . EJULY* OOCTOBER ~ 16 TOTAL $ 14 m 12 - $ 10 - - -- ce g8 - - 6 li a-hI
- N0 SMALL-MAMMAL TRAPPING.
0AK (WOODED) kil BEACHGRASS FOREDUNE* IMMATURE COWLES B0G C0WLES B0G (OPEN)* FOREST
- i. L MAPLE MACROPHYTE* TRANSMISSION SITE CORRIDOR Figure 1-5. Numbers of Mammal Species Encountered, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Three species of larger mammals, eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), were observed in this community during 1979 (Table 1-20). All have occurred regularly in this locale in past years. Although deer are 1-M scion e services division
C/ occasionally seen on the study area, their numbers appear to have diminished recently, from about 10 individuals during the early part of the monitoring period to 5 individuals at present. Table 1-21 Cottontail Rabbit Sightings along 22-Mile Road Route near Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Month of Observation Jun Aug Apr Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul Stop 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 1 4 5 1 1 2 6 3 3 2 2 6 4 1 2 1 2 7 4 2 2 2 7 5 2 1 3 3 7 1 1 1 1 8 4 1 1 3 1 9 2 1 1 10 5 1 11 3 1 1 2 12 2 1 2 1 1 3 3 .i ( 13 2 1 1 16 3 1 2 17 1 1 1 1 18 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 19 1 1 1 4 1 20 2 1 21 3 22 Total 24 13 6 19 15 34 18 12 7 7 5 16 Ot'servations/ Mile 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.7 1.3.2.2 Foredune Community. Since small-mammal trapping is not conducted in this transition community, the overall number of species represented in Figure 1-5 is generally lower than in the two adjacent sampling locales. The same larger-mammal species observed in the beachgrass community were observed in the toredune community. This community has a greater variety of browse for both the cottontail rabbit and white-tailed deer than does the beachgrass community. Overall, because of the greater diversity of vegetation, the
-Q foredune is probably used by a greater number of wildlife species, including V mammals.
1-25 science services division
o 1.3.2.3 Immature Oak Forest. May small-mammal trapping in this community yielded no captures; during October, however, three species and several individuals were captured (Table 1-19). The species captured were the same as those captured during past years. With oak the predominant overstory species in this locale, squirrels are a common faunal component. Similarly, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), which feeds extensively on oak mast (especially during fall and winter months), (Martin et al. 1951), is a common animal in this forest. Five other mammal species were recorded during larger-mammal surveys in the immature oak fore s t (Table 1-20). Woodchuck (Marmota monax) dens were noted in several locations, especially near sedge meadows that occur sporadically in this forest. Although woodchucks appear most commonly in wooded habitats on the site, they feed almost exclusively on grasses and other herbaceous vegetation (Martin et al. 1951). 1.3.2.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded). In this location, the white-f acted mouse was the only small-mammal species captured during May, and was the most frequently captured species during October (Table 1-19). The masked shrew was captured for the first time during 1979 in the wooded bog. The three other small mammals observed here were the short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), and the red squirrel l, (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). 1 Some of the six additional mammals observed in the wooded bog during 1979 were frequently s ighted (Table 1-20). Raccoon rocyon lotor) numbers appeared to be increasing, based on increasing frequency of signs and sightings, here and over the entire site. This mammal is one of Indiana' s most valuable furbearers (Deems 1978). The fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) population appeared to continue to decline during 1980. 1.3.2.5 Cowles Bog (open). Six species of mcmmals were observed in this location during 1979 (Table 1-20). Most were associated particularly with the dike that runs along the southern border of the bog. The muskrat, (Ondatra zibethica) a true bog inhabitant, was not observed here during 1979. During the early part of this monitoring period, muskrat numbers were tigher 1-26 science services division
(~h V in the study area and occasional observations occurred in the open bog; declining populations on the site have since resulted in only rare observa-tions in the open bog. As mentioned in previous reports, habitats for the muskrat have changed little during the monitoring period and past poaching and recent cold winters are the likely causes o' low numbers. 1.3.2.6 M_aple Forest. Small-mammal population increases in the maple forest from May to October were similar to those in other forested communities, and less than those in the beachgrass and transmission corridor communities (Table 1-19). Cover, such as tree cavities, probably allowed more animals in these communities to survive the harsh winter. A total of : four small-mammal species were captured in the maple forest during 1979. 1 Seven additional mammal species were reported during 1979 large-mammal surveys in the maple forest (Table 1-20). The 10 mammal species observed and captured in the maple forest during October 1979 represented the greatest A number of species recorded from this location during any survey period. None V of the species were newly recorded for the community. i 1.3.2.7 Emergent Macrophyte Community. Of the four species observed in this location during 1979 (Table 1-20), only the fox squirrel is not typically associated with the macrophyte community. Four fox squirrels were observed feeding on willow buds around the edge of this locale during May; willow buds are known to be a favored item in the spring diet of fox squirrels (Martin et al. 1951). 1.3.2.8 Transmission Corridor. The greatest number of small-mammal captures on the site in 1979 was recorded from thie location during October. Three species, the white-footed mouse, meadow vole, and meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius), were frequently captured. Meadow jumping mice have not been trapped so abundantly since August 1974, and virtually all captures were young animals. Several dead shrews were found in the road that parallels this location. They could have been killed and dropped tnere by predators
,f-that were offended by the bad taste and odor produced by the shrew's musk O glands (Barbre 1975).
1-27 science services division
o The eastern cottontail was the only species reported from the transmission corridor during each of the three large-mammal surveys (Table 1-2C). Cottontails have in the past been most frequently observed in this locale. 1.3.2.9 Road Route. The May 1979 road-route survey yielded the fewest (5) eastern cottontails reported during the monitoring period (Table 1-21). July results increased substantially, indicating at least fair reproduction during spring. Such variation in cottontail populations, also noted in past road-route data, is common (Preno and Labisky 1971). The severe winter of 1977-78 probably resulted in high winter mortality and the low abundance in May, and the mild and dry late spring presumably allowed a good nesting season and increased July populations. More than half of the sightings during July were of young cottontails. 1.3.2.10 Yearly Comparisons. As mentioned small mammal populations during spring of the past three years have been smaller than those of springs during the first three years of the monitoring period. Population buildup during the warmer months of the past three years has resulted in yearly populations nearly equivalent to those of the earlic: years, so that little population fluctuations has occurred. Among species, numbers of the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), fox squirrel, muskrat, and white-tailed deer are apparently decreasing, while populations of the masked shrew and raccoon appear to be increasing. The masked shrew appears to be the only small mammal to have exhibited signifi-cant population fluctuatu , which may be expected periodically for any species. 1.3.2.11 Disease and Parasites. No occurrences of diseases were encountered during 1979 sampling. A previous report (Texas inscruments 1975) described sources and vectors of disease likely to occur in wildlife populations in the Bailly study area. 1.4 AVIFAUNA (BIRDS) 1.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
. Transect counts of birds were taken in sampling locations 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and along Cos. ' e s Bog trail (Figure 1-1) during May and October (Tables 1-22 through 1-25s. Roadside surveys (Figure 1-2) SClenCO SerVICOS DIVISION i
for Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) were performed during May and July (Table 1-26). Birds inhabiting aquatic areas (Figure 1-3) were censused during May and October (Table 1-27). A checklist of all species observed since 1974 and an annotated checklist of 1979 occurrences in the study area are presented in Appendix C. 1.4.2 RESULTS , i 1.4.2.1 Beachgrass Community. Only three bird species were reported in the beachgrass consnunity during 1979 (Table 1-22), a reflection of the limited usage of this location by birds. These same species have been observed during past years in this community. Table 1-22 Bird Abundances (No./100 Acres) in Beachgrass and Imuature Oak Forest Communities, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Beachgrass Imature Oak May Oct May Oct 4 Comon Name Transect: A B A B A B A B Barn Swallow 58 58 Blue Jay 174 58 Brown Creeper 58 Yellow-rumped Warbler 174 174 Palm Warbler 116 Cardinal 58 Dark-eyed Junco 116 232 Savannah Sparrow 116 Total abundance 58 58 116 116 406 290 58 290 No species 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2
- Total No. species 3 6
~
1.4.2.2 Immature Oak Forest. During 1979, six species of ' birds were i observed along transects in the immature oak forest (Table 1-22). The Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), the only species observed during both May and 4= October sutvey periods, is commonly observed in this habitat. The Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), a species of early-successional forests (Bond 1957),
/3 was also observed in this locale.
Q 1-29
**I'"****"I*" " I*I'"
I i
e 1.4.2.3 Cowles Bog (Wooded). None of the 13 species of birds observed along the wooded-bog transects was sighted during both seasons (Table 1-23), although many of the species observed during May were still in the area during October. Several of the species observed along Cowles Bog wooded transects were among the species ?bserved during Cowles Bog trail transect counts (Table 1-24). Some of the most abundant species in the wooded bog were the Blue Jay, Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). Several species with small populations or limited geographic distributions were observed in the wooded bog. The Brown Creeper (Certhia familiaris) for instance, common only in northeastern Indiana woodlands (Webster 1966), has occurred commonly in the Bailly study area each year. The Veery (Catharus fuscesens), listed as threatened in Illinois (Illinois Department of Conservation 1979), nests annually in the wooded bog. Table 1-23 Bird Abundances (No./;]0 Acres) in Cowles Bog (Wooded and Open) Communities, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Cowles Bog (Wooded) Cowles Bog (0 pen) May Oct May Oct Common Name Transect: A B A B A B A B Comon Flicker 116 Red-headed Woodpecker 58 Downy Woodpecker 116 58 Tree Swallow 232 116 Blue Jay 58 Brown C.reeper 58 58 Short-billed Marsh Wren 58 Hermit Thrt.sh 58 Gray Catbird 58 58 Wood Thrush 116 Golden-crowned Kinglet 116 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 58 58 Starling 116 American Redstart 58 58 Red-winged Blackbird 58 174 348 Rufous-sided Towhee 116 Dark-eyed Junco 116 White-throated Sparrow 116 116 Swamp Sparrow 116 58 Total abundance 348 348 580 232 522 290 406 174 No. species 4 4 6 4 5 2 2 2 Total No. species 13 7 1-30 science services division
O O O o Table 1-24 Bird Abundances (No./100 Acces) along Cowles Bog Trail, Bailly Study Area,1979 Transect: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Common Name May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct Green Heron 58 58 Mallard 116 Wood Duck 116 American Kestrel 58 American Woodcock 58 Cannon Flicker 58 Red-headed Woodpecker 58 Downy Woodpecker 116 Blue Jay 116 58 58 174 58 58 174 58 % Black-capped Chickadee 116 Tufted Titmouse 174 Brown Creeper 58 Gray Catbird 58 116 116 58 58 58 58 58 American Rcbin 116 e Wood Thrush 58 6 s Hennit Thrush Swainson's Thrush 116 58 58 58 58 Gray-cheeked Thrush 58 Veery 58 Golden-crowned Kinglet 58 116 116 White-eyed Vireo 58 Black-and-white Warbler 58 Magnolia Warbler 58 232 58 Yellow-rumped Warbler 116 Chestnut-sided Warbler 174 Ovenbird 58 Common Yellowthroat 174 290 116 58 58 o Wilson Warbler 116 174 116 116 58 Q American Redstart 232 58 174 290
+4 Cannon Grackle 58 3 Brown-headed Cowbird 58 8 Cardinal 58 Rosebreasted Grosbeak 116 58 116 b Rufous-sided Towhee 116 2 Dark-eyed Junco 174 g White-throated Sparrow 812 174 290 58 58 116 232 O Swamp Sparrow 58 58 Total abundance 638 1218 580 348 638 406 870 348 348 232 522 290 464 348 986 522
{ No. species 5 5 6 3 4 3 8 3 4 4 6 3 7 3 11 5 U. Total No. species 10 7 6 11 7 8 10 15 j 0 3
O 1.4.2.4 Cowles Bog (Open). Seven primarily marsh-inhabiting species were re port ed from the open bog during 1979 (Table 1-23). The Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) was the most abundant species in the open bog as well as in the entire study area during May and October. Thousands of these birds roost in the cattails annually during fall migration, and 1979 was no exception. The Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothocei plantensis), a
" Blue Listed" species (Arbib 1978), has also nested each year in the open bog.
1.4.2.5 Maple Forest. Three of the six species reported from this location occurred in both May and October (Table 1-25). Five of the species are fairly common inhabitants of mosc forests, while the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) is primarily an inhabitant of open or edge habitats. Table 1-25 Bird Abundances (No./100 Acres) in Maple Forest and Transmission Corridor Communities, Sailly Study Area, 1979 Maple Forest Transmission Corridor May October May October Common Name Transect: A B A B A B A B Blue Jay 58 58 American Robin 58 58 58 Hermit Thrush 116 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 58 American Goldfinch 290 Dark-eyed Junco 174 290 White-throated Sparrow 174 58 58 58 Grasshopper Sparrow 58 116 Total abundance 116 290 348 174 0 0 406 406 No. species 2 3 3 3 0 0 3 2 Total No. species 6 4 9 l-32 science services division
o D,- 1.4.2.6 Transmission Corridor. No bird observations were made in this locale during May, and only four species were reported during October (Table 1-25). All were open-field inhabitants. The Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), a ' Blue-Listed" species (Arbib 1978), was observed for the first time in the Bailly study aree in this locale. l.4.2.7 Road-Route Census. The May and July road-route surveys yielded no sightings of Ring-necked Pheasant and few of Mourning Dove. In the farm-belt regions, the absence of suitable cover has caused many pheasants to freeze to death during the severe winters; however, protec t ive cover is ample in the Bailly study area. Mourning Dove counts, never high in the st"iy area, were approximately half of those in 1977 and earlier and about equal to 1978 counts. Some of the species commonly observed along the road route included the Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis), Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), d Blue Jay, Robin, Starling (Sturnus valgaris), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Red-Winging Blackbird and Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) (Table 1-26). Most of these species were common over the Bailly study area. 1.4.2.8 Aquatic Sampling Location. May surveys of ten aquatic habitats in the study area (Figure 1-3) produced 20 species of water birds, (Table 1-27). Twenty-six species were observed during October (Table 1-27). Ducks were the dominant group, with 11 species represented; most we re observed during Oc tobe r. The most abundant ducks were the Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) and the Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors). Their occurrence together in large numbers is usual and noncompetitive. Blue-winged Teal primarily eat plant perts, filamentous algae, and small animals, while the Green-winged Teal feeds primarily on seeds (Bellrose 1976). Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos,) numbers appeared somewhat reduced from prior years, as did Black DuclE ( Anas rubripes) numbe rs. The American Coot (Fulica amet.:ana) was again the most frequently occurring species, being reported
/3 from all but three aquatic sampling locations.
( I v l-33 science services division
o Table 1-26 O Numbers and Occurrences of Birds along the 22-Mile Road Route, Bailly Study Area, 1979 May July Comon Name No. Observed Occurrences
- No. Observed Occurrences
- Great Blue Heron 2 2 Wood Duck 1 1 1 1 American Kestrel 1 1 Kil' deer 2 1 Ring-billed Gull 212 1 59 1 Herring Gull 31 1 13 1 Comon Tern 1 1 Rock Dove 2 2 Mourning Dove 3 2 5 3 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1 1 Chimney Swift 1 i Comon Flicker 2 2 Red-bellied Woodpecker 5 3 Red-headed Woodpecker 1 1 Downy Woodpecker 1 1 Hairy Woodpecker 2 2 Eastern Kingbird 2 1 Tree Swallow 2 1 7 2 Barn Swallow 2 1 17 2 Blue Jay 24 10 10 8 Comon Crow 3 2 5 4 White-breasted Nuthatch 4 1 House Wren 4 3 Catbird 8 5 7 7 Brown Thrasher 2 2 Robin 31 11 20 13 Wood Thrush 3 3 1 1 Hermit Thrush 1 1 1 1 Veery 1 1 Gray-cheeked Thrush 3 2 Starling 12 7 9 5 Red-eyed Vireo 2 1 1 1 Warbling Vireo 1 1 Golden-winged Warbler 2 1 Blackburnian Warbler 2 1 Wilson Warbler 2 2 Bay-breasted Warbler 2 1 American Redstart 7 4 1 1 House Sparrow 7 4 14 3 Red-winged Blackbird 20 9 8 3 Northern Oriole 1 1 Comon Grackle 18 8 19 7 Cardinal 9 5 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 6 4 1 1 American Goldfinch 2 1 4 2 Rufous-sided Towhee 5 3 Swamp Sparrow 2 1 1 1 Song Sparrow 3 2 1 1 Tree Sparrow 2 2 2 1 White-crowned Sparrow 1 1 No. species 40 33 9
*No. of stops at which a particular species occurred (22 Stops were made along the route).
1-34 science services division
r ,-
! j
~' ._,/
O Table 1-27 Maxiiuum Numbers of Aquatic and Shore Birds Observed in Aquatic Bird Surveys, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Aquatic Sampling Locations A B C D E F G H I J Common Name May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct May Oct Horned Grebe 1 3 Pied-billed Grebe 2 3 1 Double-crested Cormorant 2 Great Blue Heron 4 4 2 Great Egret 1 1 Green Heron 3 2 3 2 2 Canada Goose 1 3 20 Snow Goose 1 Mallard 1 25 5 2 20 Black Duck 4 1 Gadwall 19 g Pintail 10 e Northern Shoveler 2 j Green-winged Teal 150 46 Blue-winged Teal 80 1 1 6 2 3 Anerican Wigeon 12 34 10 Wood Duck 8 1 2 2 3 Ring-necked Duck 1 Conunon Merganser 10 6 2 Sora 1 1 American Coot 4 3 19 9 29 8 2 15 1 5 10 Ruddy Turnstone 2 3 Spotted Sandpiper 2 Least Sandpiper 6 Lesser Yellowlegs 4 o Killdeer 1 4 H Sanderling 6 C Herring Gull 39 16 3 Ring-billed Gull 218 132
!J Comon Tern 12 U Caspain Tern 8
{ Belted Kingfisher Total No. observations 6 20 i 8 59 16 337 l 1. 19 9 10 0 17 6 15 1 83 2 0 3 0 293 191 Q 5 No. species 2 2 4 7 3 13 3 4 4 0 3 3 7 5 1 0 1 0 10 9 b Total No. species 4 9 13 7 4 5 10 1 1 14 S 1 N 3
O The greatest numbers of species (14) and of individuals (484) were observed in aquatic habitat J, which is tk. Bailly plant outfall area. Pond C contained 13 species and 353 individuals. Shorebirds made up most of the discharge-area assemblage, with Ring-billed Gull the most abundant species. Ring-bills and Herring Gulls occur commonly throughout Indiana, but Ring-bills generally are more numerous (Mumford and Keller 1975). The most abundant species in Pond C were ducks. 1.4.2.9 Annual Bird Comparisons (1974-1979). Few changes in species composition or abundances of birds have ocorred over the past six years in the Bailly study araa. Black Duck, however, was an exceptiot xhibiting annually declining numbers. This appears to be occurring nationwi'e due to habitat decline (Arbib 1979). Additionally, during 1979, Mallard observa-tions were lower during October than in May. The latte- incidence may be attributable to a late Mallard migration. The Woo'd Duck (Aix sponsa) was more abundant in 1979 than during 1978 but was still less abundant than in prior years (1974-1977). The loss of Pond E, a preferred Wood Duck area, probably is responsible in part for the decrease in Wood Duck abundance on the site. Predatory birds have never been common on the site. 1.5 AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 1.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
. Nine species of herpetofauna were observed during May 1979, and seven were observed during July (Table 1-28). Moderate temperatures during the May sampling periods accounted for a substantial amount of chorus activity. An annotated checklist of herpetofauna observed in 1979 is shown in Appendix D. No attempt was made to calculate abundances, since most sightings occurred away from established transects. 1.5.2 RESULTS 1.5.2.1 Lakefront Communities. No herpetiles were observed in the three lakefront communities during 1979 (Table 1-28). Severe winter weather conditions probably were partly responsible for the apparent depletion of herpetofauna in these communities. Some typical dry-habitat species, such as the slender glass lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus) ar. ; six-lined racerunner (Cnemidophorous sexlineatus), have not been observed in the last two years in SClence SerVICOS DIVISION
O C\ C/ these communities, although one six-lined racerunner was observed along the Bailly plant greenbelt in July (Appendix D). Table 1-28 Abundances of Amphibians and Reptiles, Bailly Study Area,1979 Cowles Bog Cowles 'og Emergent Transmission Beachgrass Foredune Oak Forest (Wooded) (0 pen) Maple Forest Macrophyte Corridor Total Cormon Name May Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul Cricket frog A* A A Spring peeper A A A Gray treefrog A A A A Green frog C A C A Bullfrog A U U C Wood frog A C U Painted turtle U A A Northern water snake U Sastern garter snake U No. species 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 4 1 1 0 6 4 3 0 9 7 A = numerous individuals observed. C = several observations. U = onl, one or two observations. 1.5.2.2 Cowles Bog (Wcoded). Five of the herpetile species observed during n 1979 occurred in the wooded bog (Table 1-28); they were four typically iv) occurring frog species and the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). Water levels we re fairly low during the July sampling period, and the single painted turtle observed in the wooded bog was probably moving to a more permanent water source in the open bog, although terrestrial activity by the painted turtle is not unusual (Cagle 1942). 1.5.2.3 Cowles Bog (open). Five of the six species of frogs observed in the Bailly study area during 1979 were observed in the open bog (Table 1-28). The cricket frog (Acris crepitans), spring peeper (Hyla crucifer), and gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) were abundant during May, and large choruses were heard of all three species. Although none of the three was observed in the open bog during July, they were probably still abundant there. These species are especially difficult to survey during mid-summer (Pope 1964). Bull frogs (Rana catesbeiana) were probably more common than observed. They are as impor tant in aquatic food chains as in terrestrial ones because of a o comparatively lengthy larval (tadpole) stage. Typically, adult bull frogs t i V emerge in 14-16 months. An egg laid in May will produce a tadpole in June, 1-37 science services division
o and the frog will emerge the following August or September. In cool climates, they may spend as many as three winters in the tadpole stage. Bull frogs have been known to live as long as 16 years (Goin and Goin 1962). 1.5.2.4 Maple Forest. The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) was the only herpetile found ir. the maple forest (Table 1-28). This species occurred only in wet, wooded habitats on the site. 1.5.2.5 Emergent Macrophyte. Seven of the herpetiles observed during 1979 occurred in this locale, and five of these appeared to be abundant during at least one of the sampling periods (Table 1-28). Two species, the gray treefrog and painted turtle, were abundant during May and July. The green frog (Rana clamitans), which appeared to be abundant during July, is an aquatic species that prefers clear, permanent water in or adjacent to wooded locations (Minton 1966); it is a fairly consistent component of this community. The painted turtle has been the most consistent herptile associated with this community during the monitoring period; it generally is observed basking on appropriate objects in or near the pond. The northern water snake (Natrix sipedon) also has been a common inhabitant of this locale. Although the habitat affinities of this species are broad, including practically all moist habitats and a variety of dry habitats (Conant 1975), it is rarely observed on the Bailly study area in locations other than the emergent macrophyte community. 1.5.2.6 Transmission Corridor. All herpetile observaticas in this locale were made in May (Table 1-28). Choruses of cricket frogs and spring peepers were heard from temporary pools. Temporary pools are appropriate habitat for tson species because they can emerge from tadpole to frog in less than 90 days (Wright and Wright 1970). The eastern garter snake's (Thamnophia sirtalis) preference for edge habitat (Smith 1961), combined with an abundant supply of frogs, makes the transmission corridor prime habitat for this species. O l-38 science services division
o s N id 1.5.2,7 Annual Comparisons. Changes in herpetofauna populations are difficult to monitor because of the problems in deriving population e s t imat e s . However, most groups, including salamanders, snakes, lizards, and toads, appeared less conspicuous and abundant during 1979 sampling than previously. Species that appear to be declining from year to year include the eastern hognose snake (Heterodon platyrhinos), Fowle r' s toad (Bufo woodhowsei), six-lined racerunner, and slender glass lizard. The first two species have been associated with sandy soils of the oak fore s t s , and the latter are sand dune inhabitants. None has ever been commonly observed in the study area, and it is probable that none has been common in the vicinity for the past decade. Future studies will reveal if species presently existing in low numbers can maintain this status. 1.6 INVERTEBRATES 1.
6.1 INTRODUCTION
. The complement of invertebrate samples taken in July 1979 included: sweepnet and litter samples from locations 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, (O,) 6, and 8; dipnet samples from locations 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8; and lighttrap samples from 1, 2, 3, 4B, 6, and 8 (Figure 1.1) . The dipnet s ample scheduled for 4B was not taken because the location was dry. As indicated in the 1978 report (Texas Instruments 1978), the level of standing water in location 4B, the wet woods of Cowles Bog, is maintained naturally and typically fluctuates with the season and amount of precipitation. The location also had been too dry to sample in 1977. Since July 1978, disturbances have occurred in two sampling locations. In the cattail / shallow pool habitat near the Bailly plant outfall, the c.attail adjacent to the outfall structures was cut back and a roadbed constructed up to the Eailly site fe nc e . A previously used entrance to the beachgrass area began to revegetate; although more open than be fore , this aquatic habitat appeared to support taxa similar to those observed previously. There was, ! l however, an abundance of mosquitoes in the 1979 sample from the location - i the largest abundance ever taken in an aquatic sample from the study area. ) In addition, the previously mentioned fire in the transmission corridor likely affected insect composition as well as that of plants and other
- gl The transmission corridor right-of-way also receives application of
(./ animals. a wide-spectrum herbicide as normal management practice for limiting herb l-39 science services division
O growt h . Such alterations of plant composition af fec t insect composition. The variety of taxa collected there has been smaller during the past 3 years than in 1975 and 1976. Cool weather probably caused the 1977 results by inhibiting activity, but habitat disturbances (including herbic ide treatment
~
in early 1978) may have caused real changes in composition since then. 1.6.2 RESULTS. Arthropod taxa identified during July 1979 sampling on the Bailly site are listed in Table 1-29. The number of insect families (147) identified in the collections was comparable to the numbers observed in summers other than 1977. Composition and abundance varied somewhat from previous sampling periods, re flecting characteristic population fluctuations and emergence patterns as well as habitat changes. Entomological taxa recorded during the 6 year study are in Appendix E. Two insect families were newly observed on the site: carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) and dryinids (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). Carrion beetles comprise several common species that are associated with decaying animals. The carrion beetle observed on the site, Nicrophorus sayi, was represented by a single individual that was taken at the Cowles Bog wooded area lighttrap. The second newly observed f amily also was represented by a single individual that was collected at a lighttrap in the transmission corridor. Dryinids are uncommon, generally minute wasps that parasitize homopterous insects. As in the past, conspicuous butterfly activity on the site was dominated by the impor t ed cabbageworm (Pieris rapae), common sulfur (Colias philodice), monar.h (Danaus plexippus), spring azure (Lycaenopsis argiolus), and eyed brown (Lethe eurydice). The sulfur, cabbageworm, and monarch were most abundant in the beachgrass, foredune, and transmission ce ridor areas, while the spring azure and eyed brown were abundant in wooded areas. Less abundant but frequently sighted butterflies included the southern cabbageworm (Pieris protodice), pearl crescent (Phyciodes tharos), and black swallowtail (Papilio polyzenes). All we re associated primarily with open areas. This was only the second observation during the monitoring period for the fairly common southern cabbageworm, which, unlike the imported cabbagewora, may have local rather than widespread distribution in the vicinity of the study area. The 1-40 science services division
.o f- g i \
D' Table 1-29 Occurrences of Arthropod Taxae Eailly Study Area, 1979
!spature Cowles Bog Celes Sog Dunes Paole fransatssion Tason 8eachgrass Foreduce Oak Forest (Dry-wooed) (met-dooed) Crees Woods Pond 8 Corridor Order Collencola (springtalls)
Poduridae a a s a a a a Isotamidae a a a a Eatomobrysdae a a a a a saintauridae a a Order Epheceroptera (mayflies) Caentdae
. Cacats spp. m a 8ae Tt se teetts so. a C.TTTEsetts sp. s order coonata (dragonfites, damselfites)
Aeshntdae (dragonfites) aesc*na verticaits a Lible IuIIdet (dragonflies) a a a teuco rainta f atacta a Libellule so. a Fech O las long tceant s a a FTi~t s rot a a a. Coenegrionisie (damselfites) Ena11a yna spp. a Isc*'au ra spp. a a a a a Order Orthcoters (grassnappers, latydtds roaches. etc.) Tetetgtdae (sygny grasshoppees) a a Acrtdidae (grassaoopers) a Otssostetra caronaa (Carolina grasshopper) a feftTg~5aiTJa'e WatsTils) Conocechalus so, a a
#tcrocentrum sp. t ,
wconocechalus sp. E a a Orchellswa sp. a uddens furcata a Gry daNCelckets)
/ Oecaatau s so.
n
} Phasmatidae (walkingsticks)
(% y' Otepaerosera femorata Order Fsocoptera (psocids) a Psecidae (psocids) s Order Hemiptera (bugs) Certandae (=aterboatmen)
$lgare spp.
Notonectidae (backswiseers) Motoaetta spp. i a Pleidae (plete water bugs) 9eoplea *triota a SeFostomatidae (giant water bugs) 9efestire so. a GerMGtee striders) r,erris so. a a a a n
. **pba tes sp. s a Veltidae (broadshouldered water striders)
**crovel ta so. a Mesovellidae (water treaders) masovelia sp. m Miridae (pleet bugs) adelpheCoris Itacolatus a Gatocapsus luteus a a (5TTarta e,Tileurit u 19aeolartslarnished plant but) s e9Jius sp. a 5Tenooe=a trisotnesum a WoWilus ruficorats a T. tarsalts a a a taildae (Jamsel bugs)
Mab s RedW's sp.dae (assassin bugs) [e_f ej so. a a a Phy=uttdae (480954 bugs) a a
##fneta 50.
fingidae (lace bugs) 3 _thuc_a coetracta Cnr a {. warmorata a a t,gaeidae < seed bu,i> Blissus leuccoterus (CPtnch bug) a t N m rancy a Mysius sa. A CeMala 30. a meaabee.4 a 8erytidae (Hilt bugs) a tus . mnus sp. m Coreidae (coreid bugs) n a
/entatamidae (stink bugs) s a Cos=epeple ht=aculata a O
i i G 1-41 science services division
C Table 1-29 (Contd) wture Cowi.s soq Cowies seg ownee me.ie transmission razon Beacngress Foredu n e can Forest (Ory-wooded) (wt.dooded) Creen ecces Pond a Corridor oreer namootera (hoppers, aantos) me aerecidae (troenoppers) a a a C cloOM, sp. cheno binotata a a u a sp. a Lniderwe_ sp.
~--
a stictoce'saala bubalus a relamona so, a s a a CtciseTT13ae (learhoppers) e n i a a 1 congtricte a (ge111h7ectettla sp. s a a a s a Cicadula sp. I a a Cloaathanus 50. a 55 culaces aala sp. a a a a a a
. caic.a sp. m ryt reneurs so.
s a a Graphocernale sp. a Gyponeaa so. a recalus 1_ tate _tus'~ a Idioterus'ss a NecresteTes spo. s a a Felus sp. a Gaiblepsius sp. s a I]ol amia sp. n a a a Sca noTJeus so. a T o@_ilifidus Cercopidae (spittlebugs) a a a a a a a a Delphecidae (delphacid planthoppers) a C1:11dae (cin118 planthoppers) a Otetroonartdae (dtetropharte planthoopers) a schilidae (achiltd planthoppers) e a a Flattdae (flattd planthoppers) a a a scanalonlldae (acanalonfid planthorpers) a e a Psyllidae (jupoin9 plantitce) a a a 40 htdidae (aphids) a a s Order Coleoptera (beetles) Cictadellidae (ttger beetles) a Ctctadela scute 11 arts Carabidae (gfund SeiiTes) a Galer9tula sp. a lebia ornata a Plat2*yn so. i a a ac* s so. HaI p dae (craw 1bg water beetles) a Mal lus sp. a Fe 'es duodectmpunctatus OytTicTia predaceous dIWbeetles) a a2abus sp. a Sedhac*1a sp. e e FrTroporus spp. s n W. coas tell's R. ah fyirotus 59 a a a a LacaT1us ssp. m Hy[rM se (water scave#9er beetles) a a f nochrus 500, a Helop*orus sp. a hrocids sD. n a e Paracymui sp. a T tsteraus sp. m Pt dae (featherwinged beetles) Ptinella sp. a e a s 5taphy11ntdee (reve beetles) m Pselachtdae (shortwinged mold beetles)
$11ontdae Icarrion beetles) a Ricrechorus 52a 1 Cantharidae (soldier beetles) s Cantmeris sp.
a a C. rectus e Pod'Es spp.
-a LamoyrT3Te- (f treflies) m Phetiaus sp.
a Phot yt sp . PaTeckase (softwinged flower beetles) a a attatus ter'ainaf ts cleridae (checkeriTbeetles) a a Ph,y,1toteenus palltpennts flaterTdae (ciscTTeetten) a a airtotes ottonoicollis m a It, hog sp. A R ht eeScreD i dius sp. A Nelanotus 500. a f acaeef dee (f alse clich beetles) Suprestidae (metallic moodborers) a Brachys seresus Melodidae (marsh beetles) R E a sp . a 8 sp. 8 cypace sp. a a a a og so. 4 Crgetop%agtese selepha#Us velou (cryptophagtd beetles) a Phalacridae (sMn7mg fun gus beetles) P Phalaccus 50.
~ a 41(I@34e (tad beetles)
CoCCinelltdae (lady beetles) a anatti guiadec a cargm TTin'*punctatamva; , a 1-42 science services division
%gY Table 1-29 (Contd)
!smature Cowles Bog Cowles Bog Dunes Maple Transmission Taxon SeaChgrass Foredupe Ost Forest (Dry-acoded) (met-wooded) Creet Woods Pond 0 Corridor Orcer Coleoptera (beetles) (Continued)
Coccinellidae (lady t eetles) (Continued) f a
.C.boneda sanguine s (con.orgent luy beetfe) dwa con.e a Hypers.,ii siona+te a a H. undulata a a Pedilida.e stereo ains(falsew. antflke flower Dettles) a roidae (firecciored eye,ndroides o.
beetin) e a
%'rd'iTTTdaT(tweling flower beetles)
%edene wo. a MeWstena spp. E a a A11ecu11dae (caseciawed beetles) a 1seira sericea Tenenetonidae (darkling beetles) sy100teu s seotedioides a Melanoryidae (false darkitng beetles)
Cantes so. m 5fuphora s9. m Scarabeidae (scaraDs) stataius sp. a Chrysseltdae (leaf beetles) Chaetocnem miauta a a a Jtacepaatus Cr so. a tsema sp. tema collaris a Woaote sp. n a Cedtonychus sp. a r ec a ybrachis so. a a Phaedon viridis a
.rur*abda virgata a a a Anthribidae (fungus weevils)
Isnnocerus so. m Curculiontdae (weevils) a a 5colytidae (bark beetles) a 3rder tieuropters (ant 1 tons. lacewings. dobsonflies, etc.) Corydalidae (dobsonflies) a a Chrysopidae (9reen lacewings) a a a a Hemerositdae thrown f acewings) a A, myrmeleontidae (antifon., a
/
) Order Mecopters (scorpionfites)
\%/ f Panorpfdae (scorpionfites)
~ Peaorpa so. a Order frichopters (caddisflies)
Hydropsycntdae Wydropinne sp. a a i Leotoceridae l Decetis so. a l Triaenodes so. a 1 Phrygeneidae I tantstola seltne a Cligostamis sp. a Lineechtlidae a Oreer Lepidocters (butterflies. moths) Papittontdae (swallowtati butterfites) Papilio glaucus (ttger swalicutail) a P. polymeres (black susilowtati) a a a Pieridae tunites. sulfurs) a l Coltas Eff odice (cosmon sulfur) a FTeFTs protodice (southern cabbageworm) l P. rapae { imported Cabbageworm) a a Canaid** (eilhweed butterfites) Dan ts eterippus (monarch butterfly) : MyP s1(dae (brushfooted butterfites) fa *ydras sheeton (baltimore) a {
- ealtis arcmpas (viceroy) a r ciodes theres (peart crescent) a a I eyerla cybele (great spangled fritillary) m T nessa atalaata (res aestral) m Sa'.fridae (satyr butterflies)
Euptychia c la (little wood satyr) a Lethe eu . ceTeyed brw) a a a Lycaenidae (blues. coppers hairstreets) Everes copyatas (eastern tatled blue) a a jaenopsis argicius (sortag azure) L a 5atyrium carnevorous (htctory betrstreak) a hesperiidaeMIppers) a a a Spatagidae (sphina moths) Poagias F s (smalleyed spMina) a l Arct s Idee er moths) I walisidote tesselects (pale tussock moth) a a a l Hypopropia exosa a a j
'loctulose lowTet moths, underwings)
Leuceais eulttitaea a a 1 a
%11potis so. I a Gecaetridae (geometrid moths) spec ia ceafusaria m m'aysostegan'a pustularia a Likecodidae (slug caterpillar motm)
Pro 1*acodes gsca . m
,,3 Pyralidae (pyre.ie motns) i j myaphula so. a i j Faraponyt so. a Nd 41cromoths a a a a a a a a a Larvae (caterpillars) a a a a a a a 1-43 science services division
O Table 1-29 (Contd) O temsture Cowles Bog Cowles Soo Nnes eleple Transmission Ta son Beachgrass Foreduce Oak Forest (Dry-wooded) (det-boooed) Creet hoods Pond 8 Corridor Order Otetera (flies) Tipulldte (crane flies) a a a a a Ptycliopteridae (phantom crane flies) Bittacesserpha clavipes a a Chaoboridae (pnantos eTdges) a a z a a Chironastdae istoges) a a a a a a a a a Distdae (dtzid stdges) a Cu11cidae (moseuttoes) : a a a a Nycetophtltdae (fungus gnats) a Sciartdee (darkwinged fungus gnats l s a a a Cectatomytidae (galt eidges) a Ceratocogonidae (biting midges) s a a a a a Stratiarytidae (soldier flies) a a a Odontempyta sp. s Tabanidae Chrysops cyticornis a C. vittatus a
- x Therev:dee (stilleto flies) mydidas (mydas flies) yes clavatus a as tlTTae trobber flies)
(Herta af biberts a 80seylifdee (bee flies) : a tapididae (dance flies) a Chel tpode sp. a bos so. s a a la sp. s a DoTr o se (long1 egged fites) Chr i.tus spp. s a e oa y ostylus sp. a
%Iichocus sp. s a Gmternus sp. s a Pelastomeurus sp. s Sc f a?9s sp. m a
. mieopeilus sp. s a a Lonchooteridae (speerwinged '.ies)
Leac*optere si. s Phoridae (hiaspbaChed fltes) a a a Ptpuncutidae (bigneaded ff fes) J 11oneuce sp. Syrphidae (flower flies) a a Micropetidae (stiltlegged flies) : Otttidae (otitid fltes) a a Techrittdae (frutt fltes) a Sepsidae (Black scavenger flies) Sepsis sp. s a Sciomyz idae L14 pia so. a lausentidae (lassanitd flies)
#19ettia sp. a 5e r la sp. s a a a Pioon i e (skipoer flies) a a a Sphaeroceridae (dung flies)
Leptocera sp. a n (phydeldae (short flies) Dichaeta Sp. s Orosophtildae (vinegar flies) ChypsWFla sp. s a Chloropidae (chlorer i flies) Epichterops sp. s Meeryla sp. s a a Scinella sp. s naupat wyta sp. s a Agrooyaldae (leafsiner flies) s Cal 11phoridae (blow flies) aluscidse (muscid flies) s a e a a e
%sca dwstica (house fly)
Tachinidae Itachtnid files) s a Order Hy=enoptera Isawfiles, meses, ants, bees) Tenthrodinidae (sawflies) Brecontdae (brs:entds) s a a a a Ichneumontdae (ichneumons) a a s a topeleidae (eupe1 mids) Eurytomidae (eurytomids) a e : Chaletdidae (chalciatos) a Cyntoidae (gall wasps) : Drytnidae (dryintos) s Fore 1cidae (ants) : s a : a a a Pcmotildae (spider meses) Schecidae (suud daabers) a a a Andrenidae (andrenid bees) a Maltctidae (sneat bees) a Apidae, ap
- w(eees)itifera (honey teel a a a a Fecept v'ritatea (large carpenter ace) a Order wecaoods (crayfism)
Order appnfooda (scuds) a a Order Phalangida (harvestmen) a a a a Order Acart (ettes) : a : a e a feder Araneida (spiders) : a a a a a creer !sopoda (isopods) a s a O l-44 science services division
o O \"/ hickory hairstreak (Satyrium caryaevorous) was again sighted in interdunal meadow / woodland ecotonal areas, which apparently are its only habitat on the site. The other butterflies recorded during 1979 were sighted occasionally, which is consistent with past years. Other conspicuous and regular components of the site' e insect fauna included the Carolina grasshopper (Dissosteira carolina), common along roadsides; the dragonflies Plathemis lydia, common near ponds, and Anax junius, common along the transmission corridor; and the deer fly Chrysops vittatus, abundant along the trail in the Cowles Bog wooded area. Again, the deer fly and mosquitoes were the only common pest species on the site. The eastern tent caterpiller (Lasiocampa americana), previously common on black cherry in the maple fo re s t , has been uncommon the past two years. Except for the aforementioned changes in sampling results (both sweepnetting and lighttrapping) from the transmission corrido r, composition and relat ive abundances in samples were generally typical of the past. Sweapnet samples V from the beachgrass community and immature oak forest contained the fewe s t numbers of insect families. This is expected in the monoculture-like beachgrass community, which has a limited variety of forage materials, and has been frequent (1974, 1976, 1977) in the immature oak fo re s t , where the swee pnet sampling area, dominated by ferns, contains comparat ive ly few flowering herbs. Sweepnet s ample s from the fo redune , Cowles Bog (wooded), ma pl e forest, and transmission corridor communities contained approximately equal numbers of insect families and greater numbers than those from the beachgrass and oak forest. As indicate 1, ground-cover vegetation in the transmission corridor yielded, at time s in the past (1975, 1976), a greater variety of insects than other sampling locations. 1.6.2.1 Beachgrass Community. The two most abundant components of the beachgrass sweepnet sample were delphacid planthoppers and eurytomid wasps. Delphacids were predominant in the July 1976 and 1978 beachgrass sweepnet s ample s . As usual, they were distributed in fewer numbers in each of the other nonwooded sampling locations. Species on the site probably were q j associated with grasses. Delphacids are generally small insects that comprise the most species among the planthopper groups. Together with other 1-45 science services divin,;on
o planthopper families ( five others were taken on the study area in 1979), they comprise a major taxonomic division of Homoptera. Generally, although a large group, planthoppers are seldom as abundant as leafhoppers and spittlebugs (Borror et al. 1976), which are members of another major homopteran group. Leafhoppers were the third most abundant group in the sample, and aphids, which represent a third major homopteran group, followed in abundance. All the Homoptera are either plant-t is s ue , or more commonly, plant-fluid feeders. The latter consume large amaunts of fluids and have special mechanisms for processing and releasing the excess in order to maintain normal physiological balance; this excretion fo rms part of the spittle surrounding larval spittlebugs and the honeydew of other species. Honeydew is the primary food of many ant species, some of which actually nurse certain Homoptera, especially certain aphids. Eurytomids, which have been collected in several locations on the stuiy area in the past, but most commonly in nonwooded 1ccations, were one of three ch alc id f amilies collected in the study area in 1979. Chalcids comprise a major hymenopteran group that is characterized by small (mostly 5-millimeter or lees), wasp-like, parasitic (most) or plant-feeding species. Eurytomids are one of the few chalc id f amilies with both parasitic and plant-feeding s pec ie s . Eupelmids, . collected along with eurytomids in the transmission corridor, and chalcidids, collected in Cowles Bog dry woods, are entirely parasitic families. The free-living adults of parasitic chalcidids and other parasitic Hymenoptera lay eggs on or in the body or egg of an arthropod host. The maggot-like larvae develop while feeding on the Lost, which usually dies when the larvae begin to pupate. Death of the host is not the usual occurrence in parasite / host relationships, and some authorities term these Hymenoptera and similar insects paramoids (Borror et al. 1976). Parasitic eurytomids develop in parasitoids in a relationship called hyper-parasiticism. As in the past, the most widely distributed and overall abundant parasitic Hymenoptera on the study area were braconids and ichneumons. The remainder of the beachgrass sweepnet s ample included longlegged flies, mid ge s , false antiike flower beetles, lady beetles, and leaf beetles. The prominence of these families in the beachgrass community, as well as their 1-46 science services division
O Y the flies were distribution in the study area, was typical of past results: important components of the insect fauna in all or most locations, and the beetles were most abundant in the beachgrass/foredune area, although false antiike flower beetles were collected only in the baachgrass community in 1979. As usual, the most abundant lady beetle was Hippodamia convergens, and for the second t ime (1974 and 1979), the most abundant leaf beetle was Chaetoenema minuta. Primary prey for the lady bird beetle, both larvae and adults, were likely the aphids on the beachgrass. The flea beetle likely was feeding on the leaves of beachgrass and other plants, although its larvae feed on roots. The mo3t abundant groups in the 1979 beachgrass lightcrap sample were midges, formicine ants, hydropsychid c addis flie s , and antlions. As usual, midges were among the most abundant species at all lightcraps. The other groups typically are most abundant in the lake front communities. Antlions were taken only in the beachgrass community in 1979, whereas the formicine ants were collected in two other locations and hydropsychid caddis flies in one. O(_) Midges and caddisflies feed little, if at all, as adults, so although they may serve as prey in terrestrial communities, they are more important in aquatic food chains. Most larvae of both groups feed on decaying materials. Adult antlions are predators, but they may do little feeding. The larvae, doodlebugs, feed on ants and other insects that fall into their solitary pits. Ant larvae are provisioned by the queen or workers in their social nests. The food may be cultured or prepared, or may be the same as that eaten by the adults, including carrion, plants, fungi, and fluids. l As usual, comparatively few arthropods were extracted from the beachgrass litter and soil sample. Podurid springtails and soil mites were the only l groups present. Most species of both these groups consume decaying materials, although some soil mites are possibly predators of mites and minute insects. l The most abundant insect observed on the Lake Michigan beach during the 1979 l sampling period was the grasshopper Trimerotropis citrina. This is a common species of wide distribution cast of the Great Plains, tnat is ofen ! O associated with sandy areas. The robber fly (Ef feria albibaris) was noted I 1 1-47 science services division l
O there again, as in several past years, and the mydas fly (Mydas claratus), which was observed there for the first time last year (1978), was observed in the adjacent foredune community. Several blow flies were present on the beach, but concentrations were not equal to those of 1976 when many decaying fish were lying in the area. 1.6.2.2 Foredune Community. Lea fhoppers were the most numerous group in the sweepnet sample from the foredune . These species were followed in nearly equal abundance by coenagrionid damselflies, spittlebugs, aphids, treehoppers, shining fungus beetles, leaf beetles, and tumbling flower beetles. Treehoppers were taken in five locations during 1979 sampling, with the foredune community yielding the greatest number and variety. Shining fungus beetles, which previously had been collected over most of the study area, were taken only in the foredune community in 1979. The other groups were collected in the same locations as before. Treehoppers are in the same major homopteran group as leafhoppers and spittlebugs. They feed primarily on woody vegetation, and most species are associated with certain plants or groups of plants. Stictocephala bubalus, which was collected in the transmission corridor, is abundant, ranges over most of the United States, and can reach pest proportions in apple orchards, which are a favored habitat. Like cicadas, also members of this major homopteran group, this treehopper and several others lay their eggs in twigs, often killing the portion of the twig beyond the slit made for oviposition. Little damage is done unless extensive egg laying occurs. Two genera of damselflies were represented on the vegetation - Enallagma and Ischnura; these two were also represented in the pool at the base of the foredune. Ischnura also occurred in the beachgrass sweepnet s ample , and in the Dunes Creek, Pond B, and transmission corridor channel dipnet s ample s . These species, like all odonates, are predators both as aquatic larvae and as terrestrial adults. Larvae of these genera feed especially on water flers (Cladocera) (Merrit and Cummins 1978). Chaetocnema minuta was the most common of four species of leaf beetles in the foredune community sample, as it was in the beachgrass community. The other 1-48 science services division
o V species have been found previously in this location, and as in past years, this location and the transmission corridor had greater varieties of leaf beetles than the other locations. Trirhabda virgata, which was common in both locations, is of ten associated with goldenrod (Dillon and Dillon 1961). Shining fungus beetles, which are minute (1-2 millimeters), spherical species, also are often associated with goldenrods and other composites. The larvae live mostly in flowe rheads , while the adults occur on leaves or bark of woody plants. Flowers also are the primary habitats of tumbling flower beetles, as their name implie s . These are small (2-5 millimeters), wedge-shaped beetles that have hind legs modified for jumping. They are generally most comon in the foredune community, although distributed in both open and wooded locations on the study area. No insect group was represented by large numbers of individuals at the foredune lighttrap. Midges, formicine ants, mosquitoes, and click beetles /7 were the predominant groups, and several moths were obsarved. The most \ / common of the moths was the pale tussock moth (Halisidota tesselaris), which has been observed at some time in the past in all wooded locations of the study area. The caterpillar of this common and widespread eastern .pecies feeds on foliage of a variety of trees in ne study area, including willow and alder. The numerous click beetles observed at the lighttrap were in the genus Melanotus, a.ich comprises a large group of species (60 in the United States). The slender, hard-bodied larvae, called wireworms, feed primarily on roots and seeds of a variety of plants; the slender, rather flat-bodied adults generally live under bark, rocks, and other objects, or on foliage of woody plants. Agriotes oblongicollis, a click beetle collected at lighttraps in the beachgrass community and Cowles Bog woods, is associated especially with hawthorn, an infrequent woody species in most forested locations on the study area. Litter from the foredune community contained somewhat more individuals than that from the beachgrass community, as well as two more groups isotomid h - springtails and entomobryid springtails. Habits of these two springtail 1-49 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
o families are much like those of podurids: most species feed on decaying materials in or on the soil surface. As mentioned previously, disturbance of the cattail / shallow pool area at the base of the foredune occurred when the NIPSCo fence was built and again during the past year. Significant recovery from the initial disturbance was apparent during 1978, with only two groups notably absent. Predaceous diving beetles we re conspicuously absent at that time, since this area previously produced the only s igni ficant populations of Laccophilus spp. on the site. These species were again present in the 1979 collection, leaving water scorpions still absent, sithough, again, these species also were not collected in other known habitats on the site. Water boatmen were the most abundant group in the sample, and backswimmers and midges were plentiful. As mentioned, mosquitoes were present in greater abundance than previously in sny aquatic sample. Predaceous diving beetles, water boatmen, and b (swimmers spend their entire life cycles in aquatic habitats. Both larvae and adults of these groups are ac t ive swimmers that hunt prey or, in the case of certain water boatmen, gather decomposing materials. Most species are associated either with ponds and other lentic waters or with pools and backwaters of streams. Prey inc lude s other aquatic insects and invertebrates, and b a cks wimme r s , especially, are cannibalistic. Most mosquito larvae, like midge larvae, feed on decomposing materials. Unlike midges, apparently, the adults feed - females on blood, and males (and occasionally females) on nectar and other plant fluids, a 1.6.2.3 Immature Oak Forest. For the fourth straight year, midges were by far the most abundant group in the sveepnet sample from these woods. Typically, ants, spittlebugs, and leafhoppers we re also abundant groups in the sample. Dance flies were represented in level comparable to past years other than 1978, when they were the third most abundant species in the s ample . Other typical inhabitants of the oak forest that were observed again in 1979 were the checkered beetle Phyllobaenus pallipennis, false darkling beetles, and small dung flies. l l l-50 science services division l
o ew Q) Checkered beetles are impc rtant in controlling potential pest populations in wooded locations like this forest. Larvae of many of these species feed on larvae of longhorned beetles and bark beetles; others are predators of wasp and bee larvae, grasshopper eggs, and caterpillars, among other insects. Phyllobaenus pallipennis has been reported as a predator of the boll weevil in cotton growing states, and apparently is abundant on oak foliage in the region of the study area (Knull 1946), although feeding habits there are unknown. Precise feeding habits of most false darkling beetles are also unknown; some species apparently are predators while others are plant . feeders. These beetles occur in much the same type of habitats as checkered beetles: under bark and logs, and on flowers and foliage. The two genera cotlected on the study area, Canifa and Symphora, are the smallest in a family that ranges in size from less than 3 millimeters to 20 millimeters. These genera are collected regularly from the immature oak forest and Cowles Bog woods, f3 V Small dung flies, which also were collected in the wet woods of Cowles Bog, are among the various small-to minute Diptera typically collected in most numbers in this and other wooded locations. Small dung flies and spearwinged flies, which were collected again in 1979, are usually most abundant in the immature oak forest. Their peak emergence as adults is apparently in spring or early summer, as indicated by the May 1975 sampling, when small dung flies were the most abundant group in the immature oak forest sweepnet sample. Most of these fly families lay their eggs and develop on various decaying, plant or animal material. The lightcrap in these woods again attracted an abundance of mosquitoes and midges. Two arctiids, the pale tuss'ik moth and Hypo pre pia fucosa, both previously collected in the immature oak forest, were the abundant moths observed. Like others in the genus, caterpillars c f Hypoprepia fucosa feed on the lichens and mosses on trees (Forbes 1960). This species is fairly common in most eastern states, except Florida. A noctuid moth associated with a variety of herbaceous plants, Mamestra vicina, was newly observed at i l this lightcrap and on the site; this species is common and distributed over most of the country (Forbes 1954). 1-51 science services division
o Three springtail groups and soil mites were extracted from the 1979 soil and litter sample from the oak forest. 1.6.2.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded), 1.6.2.4.1 Dry. As in 1975 and 1977, crane flies were the most abundant insects in the sweepnet sample from the high side of Cowles Bog woods. Ants were the second most abundant group, as tney had been in the past, and all the other groups (33) were represented by fewer than 12 individuals. Crane fl ie s , like the midges and caddisflies discussed previously, are more important in food chains of aquacic communities and other moist environments where the larvae develop than in communities comprising the adults. The adults apparently do not feed, but may be fed upon white mating, laying eggs, or resting. These mosquito-like flies comprise the largest dipteran family, with more than 1400 known species in North America. The larvae occur in a variety of habitats, including water, mud and other moist soil, moist decaying wood, and living or decaying herbaceous plants. Many species feed on decaying material, some feed on living plants, and others are predaceous. Precise feeding habits of most species are unknown. Phantom crane flies, which comprise only 16 known species in North America, also were observed commonly along the Cowles Bog trail and in the dry woods, although not collected in the sweepnet sample. Larvae of these species are aquatic and generally hurrow in the substrate and feed on decaying materials. The most common and widespread species on the site, and in general, is Bittacomorpha clavipes; larvae have been collected in most aquatic sampling locations at some time during the monitoring period, but occurrences have been most frequent in Dunes Creek. Biting midges and phantom midges were the other prominent aquatic Diptera collected from vegetation is Cowles Bog dry woods. These two families are part of the major Diptera group that includes, among others, the two crane fly f amilie s. Most larvae of these midge families are predators. Adult phantom midges have ecological roles similar to those of midges and other nonfeeding species. However, like mosquitoes, biting midges feed as adults, with many species biting other insects and sucking blood. These two groups 1-52 science services division l l l
C (G'h typically a re collected from vegetation or at lightcraps in eacn of the sampling locr.tions, and biting midge larvae have been collected at least once during the mdaitoring period in each aquatic location except the small stream adjacent to the maple forest. Phantom midge larvce have been collected mostly from Dur.as Creek. The soil and li ter sample from the Cowles Bog dry woods included the only featherwinged bee ties collected in 1979, although they occur in both Cowles Bog wooded locat:ons. 1his ;roup of minute (up to 1 millimeter) species comprises the snailest of all beetles. Habitats include decaying plant and animal materials a.d other insect nests, where they apparently feed on fungus s pore s . Other groups in the soil and litter sample included soil mites, four spring-tail families, and reve beetles. This collection and that from the wet woods were the only observations of sminthurid springtails in 1979. These are the hJ least abundant springtails in soil and litter, although they frequently are abundant on vegetation. They have been collected in most locations during the monitoring, indicating a sitewide distribution. Their habits are similar to those of the other springtail groups. Rove beetles, which occur in almost every type of habitat (Arnett 1968), also are distributed sitewide, although they were collected only from this location, the Cowles Bog wet woods, and the transmission corridor in 1979. These minute to large (1-20 millimeters), elongate insects comprise the most dive rse be:tle family, with nearly 2900 species in North Americ a. Most species are associated with decaying materials, especially dung and carrion, where they apparently feed on or parasitize other insects. 1.6.2.4.2 Wet. In the sweepnet sample from the lower part of Cowles Bog woods, leafhoppers were the most abundant insect group and midges were second most abundant. The only other group of similar abundance was longlegged flies. Other prominent groups were crane flie s , fungus gnats, and muscid flies. The deer fly Chrysops vitattus was again abundant on the Cowles Bog C1 Trail. 1-53 ,,g.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,g,,,,
o 1 Fungus gnats are in the same. major dipteran group as mosquitoes, various crane flie s , and various midges. Their larvae generally inhabit damp places having an abundance of fungi or decaying vegetation, where they feed on these materials or, in the case of predaceous species, other arthro pods there. Feeding habits of the mosquito-like adults are not well known, although some apparently feed on nectar. Longlegged flies and deer flies are in another major dipteran group that also comprises, among others, the dance f.ies mentioned earlier. This major group more closely resembles house flies, small dung flies, spearwinged flies, and other members of that major dipteran group than the mosquito-like species. Longlegged flies generally are small (2-5 millime ters ) , metallic green or brown species that may be abundent in suitable habitat. The variety of habitats utilized by the group is reflected in its distribution over the study area. Both larvae and adults apparently are predators of other small insects. Deer flies are larger (about 10 millimeters) species, whose larvae are associated with po nd s , marshes, and swamps, where they feed on decaying materials. The adult iemales are blood feeders while the males apparently feed on nectar or pol' .n. Muscid flies, including the house fly (Musca domestica), are generally associated with decaying materials, which the larvae inhabit. Adults of most species apparently feed on fluid materials, including blood in the case of a few biting species. Midges, clic k beetles, and moths were the predominant insects at the lightcrap in the Cowles Bog wet woods. The abundant click beetle was Agriotes ob long ico ll_is , mentioned in tr a discussion of the foredune community. The smalleyed sphinx (Poanias myops), the grapevine looper (Lygris diversilineata), and a ..octuid, Leucania multilinea, were among the moths observed; the latter was the most abundant. The favorite food plant for the smalleyed sphinx is black cherry, which occurs in the maple fo re s t , although birch and other trees are utilized also. O 1-54 science services division
i I T\ %J Arthropods in the litter and soil sample from the wet woods were similar to those collected in past samples, including shortwinged mold beetles, which generally are found in wooded locations on the site. 1.6.2.5 Dunes Creek. Insects collected from Dunes Creek were consistent I with past samples. Hydroporus consimilis was by far the most abundant compone n t , and other dytiscid beetles made up most of the remainder. Water sc avenger beetles, fiehfly larvae, backswimmers, phantom crane fly larvae, and soldier fly larvae also were in the sample. , Unlike dyt iscids , water scavenger beetles change their feeding habits from the larval to the adult stage. The larvae generally are predators and the adults generally are collectors of decaying materials, although some are plant feeders. Fishflies are terrestrial as adults, but like other insects of this kind discussed previously, including phantom crane flies, feed little if at all as adults and contribute more to aquatic food chains. Soldier p flies also are terrestrial as adults, and unlike fishflies and phantom crane y) flies, some larvae are terrestrial. The aquatic larvae collect decaying material and the terrestrial ones probably do also. The adults apparently feed on nectar and pollen. 1.6.2.6 Maple Forest. Spittlebugs and leafhoppers were equally represented and were the most abundant groups present in the sweepnet sample from these woods. Scorpionflies were next in abundance. Typically, mosquitoes were the most abundant fly group, followed by lauxaniid flies. Also typic ally , harvestmen comprised most of the Arachnida in the saaple. Scorpionflies are regular inhabitants of the dense understory at the edge of the maple forest adjacent to Dune Acres Road. The larvae are caterpillar-like, while adults of those species found on the study area are crane-fly-like. The larvae live on or in the ground where they feed on decaying insects and other materials, and the adults feed on dead or weakened insects found on vegetation. Lauxaniid flies are in the same major dipteran p group as muscid flies and have much the same habits. The larvae live in ( \d decaying plant materials, bird nests, and litter habitats. 1-55 science services division
o The dipnet sample from the small maple forest tributary to Dunes Creek contained more taxa t h at. usual. Both scuds and midges were quite abundant, and the caddisfly Oligostomis ocelligera was again prominent. Other groups included dytiscid beetles, represented by Hydroporus consimilis, water scavenger beetles, water striders, and isopods. In addition to midges and mosquitoes, marsh beetles, click beetles, and moths were the most prominent groups at the r- le forest lighttrap. Marsh beetle larvae, which generally feed on decay , materials or aquatic plants, have been collected from Dunes Creek and Pond B in the past, and the adults, which apparently have similar feeding habits, occur on vegetation in moist locations. The group is well-represented in the study area and is especially abundant in the maple forest and Cowles Bog wet woods. Three moths were prominent at the lightcrap: Pnysostegania pustularia and Apicia confusaria, both geometrids , and Prolimacodes scapha, a Limacoid. P_. pustularia is associated with maple foliage and is called the lesser maple spanworm in some locations. It is common and widespread in the eastern United States. A_ . confusaria has much the same distribution and is associated with composites - especially dandelions, asters, goldenrods, and clovers. P_. scapha, also an eastern species, feeds on a varity of woody vegetation. Rove beetles, mites, and two springtail groups - podurids and isotomids - comprised the comparatively few individuals collected from soil and litter in this location. 1.6.2.7 Emergent Macrophyte - Pond _ B. As in the past 2 years, caenid may flies were the most abundant group in the dipnet sample from this location. Libellulid dragonflies and coenagrionid damselflies were again abundant in the sample, as were midges. Aquatic pyralid moths, typically present in the po nd , also were collected again, as were water striders, water treaders, fish flie s , solider flies, and biting midges. Mayflies feed only in their aquatic environments; larvae of caenid mayflies feed on decaying materials. The pyralid maths, which represent about 250 species of aquatic or semi-aquatic moths in North America, feed on vascular h 1-56 science services division
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aquatic plants, and are most common in aquatic communities like Pond B, where appropriate plants are available. 1.6.2.8 Transmission Corridor. Although comparatively few in number, the seed bug Ischnodemus falicus was again the most abundant insect in the sweepnet sample. As in the past 2 years, the plant bug Trigonotylus carsalis was also a prominent insect in the location, along with leafhoppers, ants, s pid ers , and aphids. Leaf beetles, represented primarily by Trirhabda virgata, also were common. I_. falicus and most other seed bugs are plant feeders and especially seed eaters. T. tarsalis and most other plant bugs are plant feeders and especially foliage feeders. Both of these true bugs feed in a similar manner: they pierce plant tissue with sharp, elongate beaks and suck fluids through stylets enclosed in the beak. Leafhoppers and the other previously discussed Homoptera feed similarly. r Y)) The dipnet sample from the channel adjacent to part of the transmission corridor contained oleid water bugs, mid;es, and aquatic mites in abundance. Considerably fewer water scavenger beetles, predaceous diving beetles, water s tr ide r s , libellulid dragonflies, and coenagrionid damselflies were present; and biting midges, soldier flies, and crawling water beetles were the least abundant. A single fishfly was collected. Pleid water bugs and water striders, like the backswimmers and other aquatic Hemiptera mentioned previously, spend their entire life cycle in aquatic communities. They too are mostly predators, although water striders occa-sionally feed on decomposing materials. Pleid water bugs, consistent with their small (1-2 millimeter) size, feed primarily on microcrustacea. Flies, including midges and fungus gnats, were the predominant groups at the lighttrap. Among the few other groups observed were ground beetles, darkling beetles, and psocids. l O () Ground beetles constitut- a family that is nearly as diverse as the rove beetles. They too occupy many types of ground, litter, and other secretive 1-57 science services division l
0 habitats. The larvae and adults generally live in the same habitats and are O predaceous on insects, although some larvae are parasitic. Darkling beetles form a moderately large group (1300 species in North America) that also occurs in a variety of habitats. Several species l ive in stored grain products, and most of those occurring in the wild are associated with, and probably feed on, decaying materials. The psocids taken at this lightcrap were the only ones collected on the study area in 1979, although various species in the order have been collected from each terrestrial sampling location during the monitoring period. These small (up to 5 millimeters), dull-colored insects occur mostly in litter and under objects, where they feed on decaying materials, molds, and fungi. Soil and litter arthropods collected from the location inc luded podurid and isotomid springtails and rove beetles. O 1.7 TERRESTRIAL REFERENCES CITED Arbib, R.1978. The blue list for 1979. Amer. Birds 32:1106-1113. Aroib, R. 1979. The blue list for 1980. Amer. Birds 33:830-841. Arnett, R.H. 1968. The beetles of the United States. Amer. Entomol. Institute, Ann Arbor, MI. 1112 p. Barbre, M.R. 1975. Common shrews of Indiana. Outdoor Indiana 40:25-26. Bellrose, F.C. 1976. Ducks, geese and swans of North America. Stackpole. Harrisburg, PA. 544 p. Bond, R.R. 1957. Ecological distribution of breeding birds in the upland fo re s t of southern Wisconsin. Ecol. Mono. 27:351-384 Borror, D.J., D.M. DeLong, and C.A. Triplehorn. 1976. An introduction to the study of insect s. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. N.Y. 852 p. Cagle, F.R. 1942. Turtle populations in southern Illinois. Copeia 3:155-162. Conant, R. 1975. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Houghton Mi f flin Co. Boston. 429 p. Cowles, H.C. 1899. The ecological relations of the vegetation on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan. Bot. Gaz. 27:95-117, 167-202, 287-308, 361-391. 1-58 science services division
o ,O \
#' Curtis, J .T. 1971. The vegetation of Wisconsin: an ordination of plant com-munities. Univ. Wis. Press, Madison, WI.
Deems, E.F. and D. Pursley. 1978. North American furbearers. Int. Fish and Wildl. Agencies. 171 p. Dillon, E.S., and L.S. Dillon. 1961. A manual of common beetles of eastern North America. Row, Peterson and Company, Evanston, IL. 884 p. Forbes , W.T.M. 1954. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Pt. III. Cornell Ag. Exp. Sta. Mem. 329. 433 p. Forbes, W.T.M. 1960. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Pt. IV. Cornell Ag. Exp. Sta. Mem. 371. 188 p. Foswells, H.A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. Agric. Handbook No. 271, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 762 p. Goin, C.J. and 0.B. Goin. 1962. Introduction to Herpetology. Freeman and Company. San Francisco. 341 p. 1 Illinois Department of Conservation. 1979. Endangered and threatened wildlife. Ill. Dept. Cons. April 1979. fg Jacobson, J .S. , and A.C. Hill . 1970. Recognition of air pollution injury to (_) vegetation: a pictorial atlas. Air Pollution Control Assoc. , Pitt sburg. i l Knull, J.N. 1946. The long-horned beetles of Ohio (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Ohio Biol. Surv. Bull. 7:133-354. Lyon, M.W. 1927. List of the flowering plants ard ferns in the Dunes State Park and vicinity, Porter County, Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat. 10:245-295. Martin, A.C., H.S. Zim and A.L. Nelson. 1951. American wildlife and plants, A guide to wildlife food habits. Dover Pub. N.Y. 500 p. Merritt, R.W. and K.W. Cummins. 1978. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendal/ Hunt, Dubuque, IA. 441 p. Minton, S.A. 1966. Amphibians and reptiles. In: Natural features of Indiana. Ind. Acad. of Sci. 597 p. Mumford , R.E. 1969. Distribution of the mammals of Indiana. Ind. Acad. of Sci. Mono. No. 1. 114 p. Mumford, R.E. and C.E. Keller. 1975. An annotated checklist of Indiana birds. Ind. Audubon Quat. 53:27-63 Peattie, D.C. 1930. Flora of the Indiana Dunes. Field Museum Nat. Hist., Chicago, Ill. 432 p. [~%; Pope, C.H. 1964. Amphibians and reptiles of the Chicago area. Chicago Natl . (_,/ Hist. Mus. 275 p. 1-59 science services division
o Preno, W.L. and R.F. Labisky. 1971. Abundance and harvest of doves, pheasants, bobwhites, squirrels and cottontails in I:linois 1956-69, Ill. Dept. Cons. Tech. Bull. 4. 75 p. Reed, C.F. and R.O. Hughes. 1971. Common weeds of the United States. Dover Pub., Inc., New York. 463 p. Shelford. 1963. The ecology of North America. Univ. Illinois press, Urbana, IL. 610 p. Smith, P.W. 1961. Th amphibians and reptiles of Illinois. 28; Article 1. 298 p. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1975. 1974-1975 annual report, Bailly Nuclear-1 Site, encompassing April 1974-February 1975. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1977. 1976-1977 annual report, Bailly Nuclear-1 Site, encompassing March 1976-March 1977. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1978. 1977-1978 annual report, Baillf Nuclear-1 Site, encompassing March 1977-March 1978. Texas Instruments Incorparted. 1978a. Standard Operating Procedures, Quality l Control and Quality Assurance Manual (Terrestrial). Prepared for Northern Indiana Public Service Company. Texas Instruments Incorported. 1979. 1978-1979 annual report, Bailly Nuclear-1 O site, encompassing March 1978-March 1979. Webster, J.D. 1966. The birds. 3: Natural features of Indiana. Ind. Acad. Sci. 597 p. Wright and Wright. 1970. Handbook of frogs and toads. Cornell Univ. Press, Itaca. 6740 p. 9 1-60 science services division i
a o SECTION 2 AQUATIC ECOLOGY
2.0 INTRODUCTION
AND STATUS Sampling during the 1979-80 sampling year (April 1979-March 1980) was scheduled for April, June, August, and November 1979 and January 1980 at the stations shown in Figure 2-1 and as scheduled in Table 2-1. Samples were collected on the dates and by the personnel shown in Table 2-2. o on a eats b __ scate 3 90' g p -.- ey: - m N _ _- -
^ 45 40 N 35 3Sj,% _- -
30 28 .. __ g ang a N -. . _._ --
- vg ,,, _ _ - - -
a m,. W
/ - g :
C' N f 7 s ,, -_ f ~ ' ~ '
..f . u....rio. .e; - "
/
{ " c=,
' *on e .
g N. CUNE / N14 .
=- %99~ ' ~=,,, D g:- . .
~ , . u.
a t u =t.v aria muc,tsa. station
. L$
M* - a.g*c0* L E S 80G,* ,
&. ~. N
- _ _._ O .... .... ,.. . . .... .. .. ,
/
u>c.mem ... t g .
- Station 22 is a " floating" station located on the plume center linc, 1,000 feet from the discharge. l Figure 2-1. Aquatic Sampling Stations, NIPSCo Bailly Nuclear-1 Plant Site (Bailly Study Area) i l
l science services division 2-1
Table 2-1 o Aquatic Ecology Sampling Frequency, Bailly Study Area, April 1978-March 1979 1979 1969 Pa rameter Sampling Stations Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nav Dec Jan Feb Ma r Dhytoplankton Identification, enumeration 1-10, 17-21 X X X X Productivity 1-10, 17-21 X X X X Chlorophyll a. 1-10, 17-21 X X X X Zooplankton Identification, ' numeration 1-10, 17-21 X X X X Periphyton Identification, enuneration 1,10,11,12,25,17,19,21 X X X X Chlorophyll a_ 1,10,11,12,25,17,19,21 X X X X 8enthos 1-10, 17-21 X X X X Fish (gill netting) 4,7 X X X X Fish (beach seining) 23,24,25 X X X X Fish (electrofishing) 18 X** X Fish food habits 4,7,23,24,25 = 300 fish per year : Ichthyoplankton 1-10*** X X X Wdter quality General water quality 1-22 X X X X Aquatic nutrients 1-22 X X X X 0 Trace elements 13-21 X X X X f.i Indicators of inw trial and 13-21 X X X X ( g' organic contamin *. ion () Sediments, trace elements 13-20 X X X X 0 Sediments, particle sizing 1-10, 17-21 X R, Aquatic macrophytes 17-21 h9 X eD g
- Specific sampling dates are listed in Table 2.2.
5 ** Sample missed due to malfunction and thef t of electrofishing gear. k* ***l-10 with zooplankton; 4 and 7 also collected with pump.
****With zooplankton hauls.
O O e
k,) Table 2-2 Scheduled Dates and Purposes of All Aquatic Field Trips Date Personnel Parameters Sampled April 7-9, 27-30 1979 Paul McKeown Phytoplankton, zooplankton, May 1-2 1979 Frank Crawford periphyton, benthos, fish, Nancy Chaps ichthyoplankton, water Gail Wandke quality June 13-16 1979 Frank Crawford Phytoplankton, zooplankton, July
- 12-15 1979 Nancy Chaps periphyton, benthos, fish, Gail Wandke ichthyoplankton, water Joe Crittenden quality, aquatic macrnphytes John Richards August 14-18 1979 Frank Crawford Phytoplankton, zooplankton, Paul McKeown periphyton, benthos, fish, Nancy Chaps ichthyoplankton, water Gail Wandke quality, sediments November 19, 21, 27, 28 1979 Frank Crawford Phytoplankton, zooplankton, December 4-7 1979 Richard Park periphytoi. benthos, fish, Ray Wronkiewiez ichthyoplankton, water Michael Kostalik quality January 18 1980 Frank Crawford Sediments for trace element Ray Wronkiewiez analysis
- June sampling for fish was delayed until July oecause gear was stolen during June.
Bailly Generating Station construction activitie s during 1979 included activities at fossil-fueled unit s 7 and 8 only. Construction of Bailly Nuclear-1 has been suspended pending the completion of review of concurrence of the pile design by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Activities at fossil-fueled units 7 and 8 include:
- 1. Work on the precipitator erection.
- 2. Completion of the dry flyash handling system.
- 3. Work on the control room addition.
- 4. Work on the HVAC.
() 7~
- 5. Work on the Balanced Draft Conversion associated with units 7 and 8.
2-3 science services division
e
- 6. Work on the waste water treatment facility (the tentative completion date is October 1,1980).
- 7. Sealing of the ash ponds (began in April 1980).
2.1 AQUATIC FLORA 2.1.1 METHODOLOGY. Duplicate 2-liter samples were collected utilizing a 6-liter Van Dorn bottle at Lake Michigan stations 1 through 10 and interdunal pond stations 17 through 21 (Figure 2-1). Samples were collected quarterly during the months of April, June, August, and November 1979. All samples were collected 1 meter below the surface. Prior to sampling, each 2-liter sample container was prepared with 20 milliliters of ac id-Lugo l' s solution, a narcotizing settling agent. Af ter sampling, each container was supplemented with buffered fo rmalin to a final concentration of 4 percent, and 3 to 5 drops of liquid detergent were added to facilitate sedimentation. Be fore processing, each sample was allowed to settle for 48 hours, at which point 1800 milliliters of supernatant wc3 siphoned off with a membrane-covered siphon. The remaining 200 milliliters was spun on a laboratory centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes to further concentrate the organisms. The supernatant was then filtered off and the " bead" of phytoplankton trans ferred to 12-dram vials. In the laboratory, concentrated phytoplankton samples (10 milliliters) were thoroughly mixed, and three subsamples were placed in Palmer cells. The algae in 12 fields ( four per sub sample) were identified, enumerated, and measured at 400X magnification. In certain instances, scarcity of organisms in a sample necessitated extending the total field count to 24 fields. Bio-volume (microliters per liter) was detarmined by attributing to the algae geometric shapes best suiting their morphology and calculating their appropriate volumes (Nauwerck 1963; Rodhe, Vollenwe ider, and Nauwerck 1958; Strickland 1960). Instead of developing an average volume per species based on a few re pre sent at ive organisms, d imens ions of each organism enumerated were measured. Phytoplankton productivity samples were taken at the same locations and at the same frequency as samples collected for identification, enumeration, and biovolume measurements. Duplicate samples were collected from 1 meter below 2-4 science services division
O V the surface at each station using a 6-liter Van Dorn oottle. After all samples were collected, each was strained through a 333-micron mesh nitex net to remove zooplankters and detrital materials that could be labeled by the carbon-14 material. The strained water of each sample was placed into a 2-liter flask to which four 1-milliliter ampoules of 10 uCi nan C03 were added and thoroughly mixed. Time-zero samples consisting of one 0.5-milliliter subsample per sample we re measured and placed into scintillation vials along with one drop of 6N sodium hydroxide. One 50-milliliter subsample per sample was removed and strained through Whatman GF/C filters at minimum vacuum pressure (< 50 millimeters Hg differential across the filter) ara the filters placed in scintillation vials to provide an estimate of background counts. Duplicate clear and darkened 300-milliliter BOD bottles were filled with the remaining sample. When all samples were prepared, they were suspended 1 meter below the surface at their stations fo r 4 hours. Following incubation, the bottles we re retrieved and the contents of each preserved by adding 12 milliliters of buffered fo rmaldehyde. Subsamples of 50 milliliters were removed from each bottle, filtered as previously bQ described, and each was placed in a scintillation vial with enough tissue solubilizer to cover the filter pad. Activity counts were made using a liquid scintillation counter. Phytoplankton productivity in milligrams of carbon fixed per liter was calculated far each replicate sample from the scintillation counts using the formula: mg carbon fixed /t = (counting rate / total activity) x (total sample volume / subsample volume) x alkalinity (mg/t) x 0.95 x 12 x 1.064 where: Total activity = amount of potentially available carbon-14 at time zero Counting rate = clear bottle minus darkened bottle counts Total sample volume e 300 milliliters Subsample volume = 50 milliliters (N 1.064 = correction for the isotope effect 'b i 1 l l 2-5 science services division i I
o Phytoplankton chlorophyll a, samples were collected from the same water sample from which regular phytoplankton s ample s were extra:ted (stations 1 through 10 and 17 through 21). To prepare phytoplankton samples for analysis, a measured volume of water was filtered through a 0.45-micron filter pad stabilized with magnesium carbonate. The filter pad was then frozen for shipment to the central laboratory, where it was extracted for 24 hours with acetone, ground for 30 seconds with a tissue grinder, centifuged, and measured on a narrow-band spectrophotometer at 665- and 750-millimicron wave-lengths be fo re and after sample acidification. Periphyton samples were similarly processed, except that scrapings from natural (as available) or artificial substrates were used. All concentrations were calculated using the equation: Chlorophyll a (p g per sample) = b(D -aD ) [R/(R-1)] (V/t) (10 /a ) which equals 11.9 x [2.43 (D b - D,)] (V/t) for these samples, where:
= optical density of samplu after acidification =
D D -D 665 750 (acidified) Ptical density of sample be fo re acidification = Db" D ~0 unac M ed) 665 750 a = specific absorption coefficient for chlorophyll a (in grams per centimeter) V = volume of solvent used to extract the sample (milliliters) 1 = path length (centimeters) R = Db /D for pure chlorophyll - a = 84 according to Tall ng and Driver (1963) To convert to micrograms per lit r or micrograms per square centimeter, the above chlorophyll a_ value was divided by number of liters filtered or number of square centimeters scraped. During this survey, periphyton samples were collected at five stations (1, 10,11,12, and 25) in Lake Michigan and at three pond stations (17, 19, and science services division 2-6
21). Pond samples were collected using a modification of an artificial substrate sampler described by Patrick, Hohn, and Wallac' (1954). This sampler suspends two racks of five glass slides each, witt. a surface area of 37.5 square centimeters per slide, just below the surface as a substrate for periphyton colonization. Colonization generally takes place in 2 to 4 weeks; thus the " incubation" time per sampler was one month. Qualitative lake samples were scraped from natural substrates found at each sampling station. When samples were collected, the slide s (both sides) and substrate scrapings were placed into 8-dram vials and preserved with 6-3-1* solution. Two replicate slides were quantitatively analyzed per sample, although all slides were scraped and the scraping saved for reference. Counts were made as described for the regular phytoplankton samples. Biovolume estimates were also generated for these data in the manner described for phytoplankton. 2.1.2 RESULTS. Results for numerical abundance, biovolume, chlorophyll a_, and productivity of phytoplankton and periphyton sampling in 1979 have p been included in relevant quarterly reports (TI 1979b, 1979c, 1980a, 1980b). Tables 2-3 through 2-11 and Figures 2-2 through 2-16 summarize that data and provide comparisons with previous years' data. 2.1.3 DISCUSSION 2.1.3.1 Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume. In 1979, as in the previous sampling years (1974-1978), a multitude of phytoplankton taxa were collected in the Bailly study area (Table 2-3). This table shows species occurrence for Lake Michigan stations 1 through 6 and 10, lake stations 7 through 9, and pond stations 17 through 21. Table 2-4 shows the taxa collected during each of the six years (1974-1979). A total of 147 taxa (including unidentified fo rms ) were collected in Lake Michigan and nearshore interdunal ponds in 1979, and to date a total of 348 taxa has been collected in six years of s tudy (Table 2-4). Mean numerical abundance and biovolume of total phytoplankton by station are listed in Table 2-5. Table 2-6 indicates the percent composition of the major phytoplankton groups. Figures 2-2 and 2-3 summarize lake and pond changes in density and biovolume from April 1974 through November 1979. V
*6 parts water, 3 parts ethanol, and 1 part fo rmalin, g science services division
o In 1979, a large density peak occurred in August (Figure 2-2). This increase was due to a Cyanophyta bloom (94.7 percent), which was dominated by Aphanothece sp. and Gomphosphaeria lacustris (Tabi.e 2-4 and 2-6). Bio-volume peak.d in April due to the abundance of cencric and pennate diatoms. Average phytoplankton densities in Lake Michigan have generally increased through time (1975-1979). Over the first three years of the study, the phytoplankton abundance was relatively un i fo nn. In November 1977 and 1978 and in August 1979, large densities resulted from high abundances of blue-green algae. A summary of the average density trends for all Lake Michigan s t r.t ione shown in Figure 2-2 reveals a general increase in phytoplankton density through time. A similar increase in blue green algae for Lake Michigan has been attributed to depletion of silica in the epilimnion (Schelske 1977). Water quality data show that silica depletion has been ongoing in Lake Michigan (see Figure 2-38) and thus, since biovolume has not increased significantly, the fall increases in density of blue green algae may not represent any change in the trophic status of Lake Michigan. Density continued to exhibit seasonal changes without apparent consistent trends within the nearshore ponds (Figure 2-3). However, there is a trend of increasing densities each year. Ve ry high density and biovolume were observed in August 1979. As did the lake, the ponds contained mostly blue-green algae (69 percent), while the biovolume was principally made up of blue green algae (21 percent), and diatoms (47 percent). Oscillatoria sp. and Lyngbya sp. made up the largest portion of the density, while biovolume was comprised primarily of Melosira sp. and several pennate diatoms. All ponds showed a numerical predominance of blue green algae. The density and biovolume peaks during 1974, 1975, and 1976 coincided quite well; however, Cladophora sp. in Pond C caused larger biovolume in relation to cell density in August 1977. In April 1978, large desmids and diatoms caused the same disparity, whereas the inverse (high cell densities with low biovolume) occurred in August 1978 due to a bloom of the blue green algae Microcystis sp. and Aphanothece sp. No association between these abundance variations and plant operation is suspected. O 2-8 science services division
,m ,
(v) OV IU) Table 2-3 O Phytoplankton Occurrence, Bailly Study Area, 1979 HET ( LAKEl 8 EOTTLE ( POND) LAKF (1.2) FONDS ( 3.4.5 ) SPR SUN FAL SPR SUN FAL LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 O SCEHEDESt1US ACUTUS 2 2 0 Ut31DEt1TIFIED ALGAE 0 U:IIDCHTIFIED ALGAE (LPIL) 12345 12345 1 0 SCEllEDESituS DEllTIL LATUS 1 0 ECEllEDES:lus QUADRICAUDA 13 1234 1234 0 CY At10PliV T A 0 SCEllEDES110S Itt1EP!:EDIUS 3 4 0 Cil200COCCACEAE CllR00 COCCUS ( LPIL) 13 12 4 123 0 SCEt!EDES!1US ECORillS 123 1234 4 0 1 0 SCEllEDESt10S SPII:0 SUS 13 1 4 0 AGt:Et:ELLtEt (LPIL) NICROCYSTIS ( LPILI 12 123 1 0 SCEtIEDESI;US ARCUATUS 1 4 0 1 1 0 SCEtIEDES!:US arf 1AlUS 4 3 0 C0ELOSPHAERILK1 ( LPIL) DACTYLOCOCCOPSIS ( LPIll 12 4 0 SCEll: DES;105 (LPILI 1 12345 0 1 12 4 12 0 PEDIASTRutt DUPLEX 13 23 0 E.Or:HIOSPilAERI A LACUSTRIS 4 0 PEDIASTRLEl TETRAS 4 0 APilAt10Ct.PSA ( LPIL) 0 APillt!OillECE ( LPIll 2 12 4 1 0 PEDIASTRLE1 CO2YAt:UN 13 4 1 0 PEDIASTRUN sit 1 PLEX 3 0 CHROOCOCCtCEAE (LPIL) 0 0 TETRAEDR0!I NIllIttUN 4 PLtUDOCAPSACEAE 1 1 0 TETRALDR0!! (LPIL) 4 0 PLEtrCCAPSACEAE (LPIL) 0 OSCILLATC2It.CEAE O SC1190EDERIA (LPIL) I 1 345 123 5 1 0 CRUCIGENIA QUADRATA 4 tJ 0 OSCILLATCNIA (LPIL) 0 CRUCICEHIA TETRAPEDIA 1 b 0 0 lyt:C0fA ( LPIL) HOSTDCACEAE 4 1 5 O COELASTRUM ttICROFCauti 1 34 3 2 45 0 COCLASTRutt cat:CRICull 3 0 Arti3Att1A I LPIll 123 5 4 1 0 APil Atl!Zo;tLt!Ott FLOS-AQUAE 12 0 COELASTRUN (LPIL) 0 RIVULADItCEAE O CH0CATELLA L0t:SISETA 2 0 RArillDICPSIS CURVATA 1 0 Cil00ATELLA CILIATA 2 0 Ct!LODOPHrTA 0 Cit 00ATELLA CITRIFORHIS 1 0 i:EPHROCYTIUt1 ( LPILI 2
- VOLVOCALES :
,e CIRTERI A ( LPIL) 3 4 0 CHLOROCOCCALES ( LPIL) 4 12345 0 CitLAlnDCi:0:lAS (LPIL) 1234 1234 1 345 0 ULOTRICilALES 24 0 CE11111ELLA (LPIL) 5 0 EUDG9111A ELEGAllS 34 2 0 OEDOGOtlIALES 0 VOLVOCALES ( LPIL I 1 4 4 0 CEDOGott!Ull ( LPIL) g 0 TETRASP02 ALES 13 1 0 ZVCIIEl1ATALES (1 0 CLGECC)STIS (1. Pill 3 34 3
~ 2 0 i:OUSE011A (LPIL3 0 TETPASPORALES ( LPIL 3 3 0 CLOSTLRIt#1 ttCilILIFERUt1 3 0 CllLCROCOCCALES 3 1:34 12 0 CLOSTERIUt1 ( LPILI N 0 SPHAERCCYSTIS SCHPOETERI 0 COSf!ARIUti COTRYTIS 1 0 0 A!!':ISlRODECitus F ALCATUS 24 1 34 12 12345 0 COSilARIUt1 (LPIL) 1234 1 4 Q 0 ftWISIFCDES!:U3 (LPILI 1 0 STAURASTf4M (LPIL) 12 4 34 f3 0 CitLO7E LL A ( LPIll 3 2 0 kIRSCI:llERIELL A LUtlARIS 3 ~
Legend 1 C 0 icTRSCllitERIEtt A CCtlIORTA 1 34 SPR = April Sampling O 0 1:IRSCitt1ERIELLA ( LPIL) O 1 SUM = June and August Sanpling O 00 CYSTIS PUSILLA FAL
- November Sampling 0 00 CYSTIS ( LPIL) 1 34 1234 123 (L
12 7 0 GUADRICULA (LPIL) 1 1 Location 1 = Near-field stations 1-6 and 10
'i 0 MICRACTIllIUf1 PUSILLuft Location 2 = Far-field stations 7-9
- 0 DICTtOSPil AERIUll TULCHELLUt1 1 12 1 LC ation 3 = Pond 8 0 DICTICSPilAERIUM (LPIL) Location 4 = Pond C 0 SCEllEDES!105 ACUMIllATUS 13 13 Location S = Cowles Bog
Table 2-3 (Contd) o SFR SUN FAL SPR SUN FAL LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 0 CHLOROPHfTA ( LPIll 1 1 345 12 0 SitEDRA ULHA 2 0 CilAROPHffA 0 SillCDRA ILPILI 12345 123 12 0 CHARALES 0 TACELLARIA FtCCCULOSA 1234 123 1234 0 CHARA ( LPIL) 1 0 TA0ELLARIA (LPIL) 12 0 EUGLEfl0PH1TA 0 ERAGILARI ALES ( LPIL) 1234 0 EUGLE! ALES 0 EU:tO TI ALES 0 Et CLEt!A ACUS 0 EUMOTI A (LPIL) 5 345 5 5 ACH:8At;Ill ALES 0 EUGLEllA ( LPIt.) 0 1 2345 1 4 5 34 0 Pif ACUS ( LPIL s 4 0 ACHilatiTHES E LPIL) 345 345 0 TRACHELOttOtlAS ( LPIL) 0 CCCCONEIS ( LPIL) 1 5 1 135 34 0 XAtlTHOFil f T A 0 flAVICULALES 0 llETERCCCCCALES 0 At:On0LottEIS VITREA 3 0 HCTEROCOCCALES ILPIL) 12 0 At:CI:0 Ct4EIS SPHAEROPHCRA 3 C RIIIZOCllLORIDALES 0 FRUSTULIA RH0a:OIDES 4 0 STIPITCCOCCUS ( LPILI 1 12 0 GYRCSICHA ELFIL) 2 0 Ct!RYSORifTA 0 ftAVICULA (LPIL) 12 45 45 0 CHR V SCriDt'tD AL ES 0 MEIDIU:1 IR1 DIS 1 0 81ALLAf to:lAS ( LPIL) 1 1 0 GOl1PI:OMEt1A ACUf1INATUN 3 0 CllR1SOCCCCUS ( LPIll 1 4 0 CO:1PHOME!!A ( LPIL) 5 1 5 0 Sil1URA UVELLA 3 0 [ PITH 111 ALES 0 S(1:URA t LP!Li 4 0 EPITHE!!!A ( LPIL) 5 pa O Dit!CCRf0!! SERTULARI?. 3 3 0 DACILLARIALES I 0 DII:0CRTCH DIVEPGElls 1 34 125 12345 0 ilITZScalIA ACICULARIS 1 12 1 [$ 0 DIl!O3RYC!t SOCIALE 1 0 flITZSCHIA HOLSATICA 1 1 0 DIt:0CNYO 8 ( LPIL) 12 0 111TZSCllIA SCAL /RES 3 3 0 CllRf 50CimCMULIt!A PARVA 1 34 0 flITZSCHIA sigil 010EAE 1 0 CYCLCt!EXIS ( LPIll 4 0 IIIT2 Cili A ( LPIL) 12345 135 12 0 CllR f SOMCt:ADALES ( LPIL ) 4 12 45 0 SURIRELLALES 0 !!O!;0SIG A L ES 0 CYt1ATOPLEURA SOLEA 1 0 i:Ot:DSICA ELPIll 12 0 SURIRELLA OVATA 12 0 SIELCMOM0!!AS DICil0TOMA 1 2 0 DACILLARIOPHYTA-pet:tIATE (LPIL) 12345 12340 12345 0 ASTRO;ICA Rt.DI ATA 4 0 P:RPflOPil r T A-DII GPfifCEAE O CilRYSOPilf TA (LPIL) 4 12 0 Git:1:ODIt fI ALES 0 BACIL LA?IUPilV T A-CEllTRIC 0 G1 tut 0DIt!)Uit ( LPIll 1 n 0 EUPCDISCALES C PERID!tlIALES
- ' 0 t!ELOSIRA VARIAtl3 1 5 0 PERIDIllILnt STEIrlII 4 0 ftELOGIRA (LPIL) 12 1 5 0 PERIDIrlIUtl II; Cot:SPICOUll 12 4 1234 4 0 C)CLO1 ELL A ItEt:EGilIllI ANA 4 0 FERIDIt:IUlt cit:CTUM 4 f 0 PERIDIllILK1 E LPIL) 1 12 4 t) 0 C)CLOTELLA ( LPIL) 2 123 0 CERATIL41 ifIRU;:DIt:ELLA 1 0 0 STEMIA1:ODISCUS DIt:DERAtlA 2 n 0 STEPilAt:ODISCUS ASTRAEA 12 0 PERID11tI ALES ( LPIL) 13 f) 0 STEPHAt:ODISCUS ( LPIL) 12 1 0 DIllCCOCC AL ES 2 0 EUPODISCALES ILPILI 123 123 1234 0 C)STCDIllIUtt ( LPIL) 4 0 RilIZ000LEllI ALCS 0 CRYPiriH(T A
. O PilIZOSOLLilIA ERIEttSIS 12 12 12 0 CR)PTO. 0!!ODALES O 0 BACIL L ARIUMIV TA-PEriflATE 0 CRfPIO:;3:tAS MARSSCilII 2 45 g 0 FRAGILtqIALES 0 CR1PTO::OttiS REF LEXA 4 ;" O ASTERIO lELLA FORT 135A 12 12 12 4 0 CR1PTClicilAS OVAT A 4 ,- 0 DIATGMA TEt:UE 12 12 , 0 CRvPTO:;0:!AS ( LPIL) 1 34 12345 1034 0 DI A10:!A ( LPIL) 1 12 0 RiiCDCt:C:lAS HII:UTA 12 123 5 12345 0 FRAGILARIA CPOTCitEllSIS 12 4 12 12 4 0 RHCDC::C:!AS E LFIL) 2 1 34 0 FRAGILARI A PIttttATA 1 0 CliROS!13:lAS ( LPIL) 3 1 45 12345 FR/GILARI A ( LPIL) 12345 2 5 3 0 CRIPTD!tCilADALES (LPIL) 3 e
0 9 9
--- - - . . . - - .. . ._. .. . . _ . - ~ ~ _- . -- - - - _-. - . . . - - ~ . -
J
) '
i Table 2-4 O ! Annual Occurrence of Phytoplankton, Lake Michigan and Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 ' 4 year I (1974) feer 2 (1975) veer 5 (1978) Teer 3 (1976) tear 4 (1977) Teer 6 (1979) I s .. t e a , eteru+m kunds t ese pisnigen P unos t esc Nis hi9en neds t 6e wah+w ned, t ese Phe.. &i nuts tese n=higen p ,5 f yenosAyte in.tJoet s fied Cyan.whyte % f 4 5 f W 5p' 5, 5 5 *
....e [.
Ik#deat if med (hrout on t* ree 5 8*W %p* $* f 5p f* 5's 5 f 5 I $ f Sp* A7 nellma sp. 5 f 5p 5 5* $* $ $ f 5 F 5* f* Aphen s epse sp. f* 5* sp 5 5 5p g Arnee.otte e sp 5 F %* P f
- P 5p* P f
- 5
( hrtunut tes sp. 5* I W 5 f 5p F % % 5 f 5p 5p 5 F f $p 5 F Sp 5 F C. weeunt t 6 5 l C . s sanet t< iss f a C m lu.pheertuma +, 5 f
- W* f* Sp 5 f 5 5 i Ces tylosottopsis a,p. 5 ip 7 5* 5 i Claeuthere ya. f* l Gutennisse e se sp. 5 9 f $* 5p* f C. ne epat ionen 5 F F 5
- f. ep.m lee I f*
G. la sst r e s 5 f 5p f* 5p $* f * $ Mh ror yst h sp. f 5p 5 f* Sp* F Sp 5* f* 5p VF 5p 5 f f 5p 5* f
- 5* Spa 5 fa 5 phahenderine so. 5 L h.imiers ephema rew themeses t game g i Pleurus esmas cae ilsisdent a f led pleuros epse- ese 5 5 I [
Ou t iletar la cee
, lo totdcat t f ted ou illetor tm ese 5 F is* 5 %* P f 5 5 l hu lli.storie sp. %* P f p* tre sp= 5* F ' f Spa $* f 5p Pf* %* 58 F Sp 5 f Sp* 5* f $p 5* Sp* 5* I Spa 5 p , G. et hsMe 5 ps O. pv ism eps 5 Fhormtetuse sp. 5 P
$* I % 5* I* IP I ihn tas erese ,
te, dent if 6ed Itostos,ee, 5 4*5 F 4 P Anat eene sp. Pf sp f Sp F 5 F 5 Se $* F 5* f 5 f 5 $* F 5 F*
... s t rs te.145 Yf f A. f ins.eepeee F $* f Ape..n6tomemm sp. $* '
A. f los e.p.ee Spa i tyii.a.. peri so. $* i tioetvler t
- p. 5p Raph6diopsis sp. 5 j R. n =rve's g ,
(h loe t. phyt e t intdeersfiel Chiertenyte % '*f W P W 5p $* 5* F 5p 5* F Sp P 5 F 5, 5 f 5 , thertoldiureles [ . (18) thiident if ted (hertophoreles 5 5p 5 5 5 .i Q t hlorosert er.e sp. I { J == Pse.nseniku loniops 6 s sp. 5 * [hlorow t eles ! 3 theatrnt i f ied Chiurot ot teles 5p Pf W 5p 5* F
- W 5p 5 5 5p 5 f 5 f 5p 5* 5p 5 7 5p* 5 F 5 I 5 F 5 %*5 1
' g Aa t tnestres so.
Ant htrodet,ases sp. 5 F W Spa $* f Sp 5 5 F Sp 5 %5 F F 5p 5 rh %*5 f 5e 5 5 f 5p w A. omenlistas 5p 5 F Sp 5 5 5 4 5 5 g A. felratus tp f 5p 5p %5 i Sp 5 5p 5 5p 5 7 sp 5 f 5p 5 f 5p 5 g A. spleelts f 5 %p f Drurinent tese ! y sp
- wrin.l. 5
- sia r. F telt W
- inter O
i 1 0 1 b J M
; 3 e
i r -
Table 2-4 (Contd) .o v.ar iom> ve., a omi vea, i om> , ear . ov* ie.r 5 o mi ve.r a omi Fa ma t ane Mghegan Ponds tame Pic ktw Punds ta6e 7that9se ronds l ate Mu hi san punds- late MKhigem Pasung Late Mic higan ponds Chlorophyta (Cuntd) Chlorotra(41es (Contd) Chodatella sp. 5p 5 F 5 7 5* 5 I 5 C. c iliata 5 f 5
- t. c it riNr=u 5 5
- t. legisete ~ 5 C . quadr e w t a 5 f alore'lla Sp 5p 5p C lostertr14 4s sp. 5 SP 5 I F 'p
> 5 C. leg %s iow 50 Coelastrue sp. f 5* F
- 5p F 1p f* 5 5 5p 5 5 F 5 C . e st rtyw.r e V$ 5* I f 5 5 5* F
- t . c asser some 5 5 F 5* 5 Crus tynia sp. 5c F 5p F 5p 5
(. c ru n f era 5 F
- 5 C. quadrate w 5 f 5 5 C . t et e mped ia 5 5 I C. res tanplarig 5 5 Dessu,t e a tion 5 Du tyosphaer ie sp. 5 W 5p 5* 5 F 5 5p 5 5
- 0. c orentergian,a= 5 D. pulc helle F 5p 5 F 5 f F 5 F Ib Jpuep t i s $p Fran< eia sp 5 N Golent inia sp. 5p i f. . ra nat e Sp H role. 6 iniopis sp. 5 N u irsc hner tella sp. 5 F 5 i Sp* 5p 5 Sp 5 F 5p* 5 5 8 r entra te 5 s lunaris $p 5 s otes e 5 5 5 f F F Se Mu ree t imie sp. 5p F Sp* 5 4 pusillen 5 F F M j rpe(14 5 Mej+ raw yt te sp. F $ 5 Orwyt is sp. 5 6 5p 5 F 5p $* F 5 F $ F 5p
- Sp 5 F 5p 5 F 0 gl ocor p t p ormi s 5 O . pos t ile F Ourex oc c us 5 Pediastre sp. 5 Sp* 5 F 5p f 5p P. t.oryane F 5p 5 f 5 5 F 5 F 5p 5p
- 9. d 9 1e. F 5p* $* F F F Sp 5 5 5 F $ $ f 5* F P. ung.len F F P. tetras 5 F 5p 5 5 5 O Pwwkx tlorella 5 F 0
dr i,1. sp. F u 5 5 5 F 5, 5
. a hida t i i 5 0 < ee<edems sp. 5 F W 5p* 5* F a br* 5p* 5' F
- Sp* $* F
- Sp 5 F 5p 5 5 F 5p 5 5 5 F 5p 5 5*
3 5. atesnatus 5 $*F* 5 F 5 5 F 5 5, 5 sp 5 O $. ec ulus f f* 5 5 F f 5p 5 F g $. arcuatuy 5* F 5 5 5 5 5*
- 5. armatus 5. F M i. (olumeistus 5
$ $. cirt ef oun 5 q 5. itent hulat us F 5 i
( $ . dimorphus ' 5p 5
- 5. , *n i s ' 5 F F 5 5 5 F 5p'. 55 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 is 5 5p 5 f hJ- 5. sotennedius 5 Sp 5 So i
() $. upoliends 5 5 5p 5 F* Q S. padrit aude 5p 5 F 5* F 5p 5 F 5,* $* F 5 F so i f 5 f Sp* 5 F F 59 5 F see 5. F
- O 3
O O O
- - . _ . , _ _ . ,_. _ _ _ . . , , _ . . _ _ .._____.m. _. _ _ _ . _.._.__m - .. . . . _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ _ __ .
Table 2-4 (Contd) v 4c 1 (1974) Veer 2 (19F5) Teer 3 (1976) Tear 4 (1977) Veer S (19?s) Veer 6 (1979) Isaa take Mich19se Ponds te6e Mkh19mm Ponds t ete Nuntgen Ponds Lebe Mtot9an Ponds Lake Itichtgen Parads late Rtchigan ponds f hiereseyte (Contd) - Chlorecevotes (Ciantd) 5 sPlaosus 5 5 F 1 5p 5 SP 1 F 5 F 5 F Schroeder 64 sp. t F g g g g g Selenastre sp. 5, g
- 5. jrerile 5 F
- 5. eenutum I Sorestruse sp. F Qeacrorystis sp 5 g F g g , g, g , g
- 5. uhroeteri 5 F ."
, $ 5 F* $* F $
fetraedron sp. 5 t SP I. 'teuefation 5
- f. mut tamu I. tr 6 pan se g g, I I 88m'*'de F F 5 5 F 5 F 5 5 F g feteestrum sp. w SP 5 5 5 freubarte sp. F Westelle sp. g Arduirmieles nedominium sp. F 5, F $ I 5 SP F 5p 5* F 5p 5e 5 f %dulatum F I
Bultahaett sp. Clodophorales Clading. hora sp. 5 FQ fet rasamreles I unidentiteed letrasporales 5 F u 5* F 5p $ Sp 5 5 5 5 H Asternros cus sp. 5 W flapatorbres sp. F 5 5 5 F F I. viridis 5p F (.locorysth sp. 5 F 5p 5 F $ F 5p 5 F 5 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5 F 5 5 F 5 6 3945 C. 6 gelatinose F F Ulot ek hales ~ IJetdentif 6ed Ulotrh.heles 5 F W 5 F So F F 5 Geoteella sp. Sp F Mig rospore sp. Ulothrta sp. 5 04dtofifun sp. 5 volvmeles 59 5 I unidentified Volvoteles F 5p 5 F W 5p 5p 5 5p 5 F 5p $* F SP 5 F 5p" 5 F 5 5 SP Carter:4 sp. F 5 F 5p 5p 5 F i Chlamy*mmmes sp. F F Sp 5 F Sp 5 F 5e i F 5p 5 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 SP 5 F Sp 5 F f ui,tortne sp. 5 Ep I. elegens 5 5 O Cunium s,.- 5p 5 i' O*** Pandurine sp. 5p 59 5 Pediansweet sp. i O 5perswtoroupsis sp. 5 5 SP 3 voivo. so.
~
s* j M lympiemetales O **'d"a'"'***** ' 5P 5 ' Arthrodeunus sp 5 5p 5p Closterte sp. 5* F F 5 F 5 5 5 58 ** 5
@ F 5
g U~ jrer ile 5 5
- 8. hurtiingt t 59 j C. entitterIss 5 88* 8. setacciJh F 5 U fosedrium (ossentian 5 Q Cosaarium so.~ ~ Sp 5 F 5 F 5 F 5p 5 5 F Sp 5 5 5 I 5I g C. bo_tryt ts 5 mi.
U 3
Table 2-4 (Contd) o veer I (1974) Teer ? ( 15 ) Year 3 (1916) tear 4 (1977) fear 5 (1978) fear 6 (1979) Ta.4 t ote Mu n e.pn Ponds t e6e i<stnoven Funds t ese Muhiya f unds Lese Pisnien Feines tete Mi<ntgen pond s g.n, sew heq,. poneg (hlorog+ byte ((Ontd) lyFeseteles (Lontd) Desetdium sp. F 5* O apt ora sue 5 0 tielleyi 5 D. swartill 5 5 f east rum sp. Caviatorygra sp. 5 5 ,e G. piluse , 5 Hyallottet e sp 5
- 16. mus Os4 5 Nkrester tas w. 5 M ebresttier g i l 5*
M, tr uni a t a 5p 5 F 5 59 5 I 5 S*5 P I Sp I 4 I* IP 5 I ism 9eut te sp 5* 5* F F Fleucetace tum w. W 5 W sp* 5 I Sp F
- 5 5*
5p t rmyr a sp. I Spondy l ou p w 5p 5p 5' I 5 I SP 5* 5 5 I 5t surest ra sp. 5 F F 5 F W f I
- 5. .ns i t t u un 5
$. dia n te t 5
- 5. siegaganthum 5 g $. paredunen s ,..li ,
{
, 5' g $teurast rum *J' 3 p 5. Johnson s t 5
- s. gralatoriaan 5
$. ling 6rediate 5 5
3 5
$. ophiere
- 5. te t raerie.i 5 5 l
Iwi eewaArta lh tient i f sed E uis tenophyt a 5 f gletsales Im t Jent if ied t eci lena les % F 5 F F 5p $9 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 5p' 5 Sp 5 5p 5 F 5 6 F ie I f .glena I 4 us sp. 5 f . .progyr4 5* Ieimc im lis sp. F 5 5 Phar.us sp. t 5p f 5 5 sp 5 50 5 Trei.lw aver,43 sp. 5p F 5p 5 5 59 5 F 59 5 SP 5 5 f a an t hoph y t e thindent if ted I4athophyta F u g phism hlnrl daleg thedent 6f t d phiba hlortdales 5 g 5t tfit <x ui t us sp. 5 F 5p 5 5p 5 5 5 i 4g Sumilleriopsis sp. Sp* g He t eroo m t a l es 5 5p unident if led beterue os.teles t F N Ophtra yt tuun sp, 5 O Feroniella sp. 5* F He t erot r i( ha les b f ritumcore sp. 5 I) I, sit tne 5 "U I.6.lat eau >et.a les 4 tmidentIf led thloramuch41,g 5p 5p a O O a. 3 O O O
P= 1, ] Table 2-4 (Contd) veer I (1974) Veer 2 (1975) Tear 1 (194) Tear 4 (1927) Veer 5 (1978) Tear 6 (1979)
- ponds late Mia.* teen Peads L*6e Mtchtgen ponds tete Mitht9ea Peads Lehe #Khlesa Pends Teme Le6e Puhtessi take MKht9en Ponds k
j thrysephyte tmtdenteFled Chrysophyte 5p $ F u 5p $* F 5p 5 5p 5 5p 5 F 5p 5 5 5 5p . Chrysceminadeles j unide.ttened thryu emedetes 5 F u 5* F we 5, 5* F
- 5p* 5* F* 5, 5 F 5p 5 F 5, 5 F 5,. F g g , g 5p $
A lawn.as sp. Sp ,- thr me i ta4 sp. 5 la Sp 5, Ch'Is* hr'**Une 4 is* 5p 5p 5p 5p 5, 5 F 5 ,i C. P8'*e - 5p 5, i teepor neces sp . FW 5p 5 Sp 5* F Sp F sp 5 5,* 5 Sp 5 5p 5
- fjclocca n w. 4* F Sp F 5p 5 5, i 1 06and,ry.m sp. 5' F 4 F W* Sp* 5* F Sp* 5 Sp 5 F 5e* i F 5p* 5,* F g* 5 5.* F 5
! D. tm or6se. 5p B cylindrkes 5 F 59 5p 5 b, devereens 5 F -5 F Sp F 58' F - F 1 F* 5p 5 7 5p 5 F.
- 9. pedifm 5
- 6. sertalerse 5p 5 F 5p Sp I Sp So F 5p* ? Sp* F* 4 F
- 0. wa tale 5 F F F 5p 5 Sp* 4* F 50* S F F* 5, te[hryton w. $p 5 5p 5 si'uommes sp. F F 5p 5 F 5p F F 5p 5 F p* 5 5p 5 F i Synere sp. 5p F 5p F I
- 5. evelle 4 Ot hro==mes sp. 5p 5p Pseudedephyrtao sp. So F 5p 5 Stylot.ryrm 5 5p Munosigeles
! N 5telenosames d.tthot_ame u 5, 5p F 5p F 5, F 0 Mrmou ge 5 F F , Astrostge redte,t.e 5 Chrygetepseles 3 thryacepse w. F 5p' 2' Isabryudales taideettfled 1suhrystdeles 5 Sp tht got hr psideles Unitettfied Rhttochrystdales 5 F 5p F 5p 5 F F ,l Chrywpysts sp. F lanyndon sp. 5 5 i ,i salpinyerhise so. 1 ' F Myelocylta sp. 5 Styles.occus sp. 5
' bes t iler. ophyte i Centreles 1 lin6deettfled Centrales 5 W 5p 5 5 5 5 F 5 F 5 Sp 5 F 5p 5 F j Atthese 2=hertest F Cou tesm16uws 5 (plotelle sp. 5p" 5 5 F
~
j Sp* 5* F F* Sp 5 F
~
Sp 5 F F* 5p 5p 5 5p 5 Sp 5 F
' g C. theetoreras W*
5p 5p 5 5 i g ( gloserete 59 a c. erMalene
~
5 Mr to.' . e sp.' 5p 5 F M F 5p 5 F 5* Sp* 5* Sp 5 7 5 5p F 5' F* 5&* 5 5* l g p .i end u e 4 5,* 5 1'
- h. . M. verlaps 5 5 5 5p g U M. itelue Sp** 5 56elef onesia potamos F 5p F SP 5 F Sp 5
- O phi,owi,.ie cr ie.;is 5,* F w 5p Sp 5 F 5p F 5, 5 F l f,I R. ' lon9 1'4ete ~ ~ " ~ ~ ~
~
5 ? *1 R. sp. 5 w Sp* Sp 5 j 4 Stephanodiscos sp. 5 F M 5 F 5* F 59 5 5p 5* I 54 5 5p j 5. estreef" 5p 45 F 5p* 5e { F ) O 1 0 S
< m 0 ! 3 4
k l
Table 2-4 (Contd) Year 1 (19.4) Year 7 (1975) Year 3 (1916) Tear 4 (19ff) Year 5 (ITFn) veer 6 (1979) fa.4 t e6e MethNan Fewh t ake f4ch*9en Pomb t et e f% h e 9en F. anes t e6 e mic h t ,en rimJs t ese n.thigan Poe.ds i.eae w ei b uen P., es Pu t tlertophyta (ContJ) Centrales (Conto)
- 5. binderene M* 4* 5 f 5 F Sp i 5
- 5. heet tscht e F
$. etsyhee - F ph6tosoleniales phtinsolen se cr eens ts %
- f Pennales ikisJent it eed Pennales $p 5 I W 5p 5 F W Sp* 5* F 5pa **f* Sp 5 F 5p 5 F* 5p* 5p a f 4 5 D % 5 f As haanthes sp 59 5p 5 F 5p I Sp 4 I 5 SP 5 I 5 5p k I 4* 5 I eseptere sp. 5 I ha ya.r e sp. F 5p A , ornata f 5p Aq hipleurs pellut ida F 5
Anrumiermets vltrea i A. sphaerophore Aster ionelle sp 5 A. favown4 ~ Sp 5* f
- W* F 5p* 5 F sp* 5*f* 5p F 4* 5 F 4 5p* 5 8 5 %*5 6* 5 F n e nnels sp. I F $ I 4 5 % 4 I
- Cyneetapteurs sp. F
- t. wice F 5p 5 F '.D 4 (fedella sp. 4 I 5p* 5 W F 5 5 'p 5 D e ntimme sp . 5p 5 5 5 5 4 5 D, tenue 5p 5 f Sp 4* 5* 5 5p 5 I % '
5 4 i D. tenue v. el m9ation 5p 5 59 59 J vul gare F 5p* 5 f pit henia sp. g ha p ia.o e t a sp . 5p i F Wa Sp is f* 5,* 5 5, 5 g 3 , i f regilar to sp. 5p 5 f*W 5* f Sp 5 F Sp f* 5p 5 F 5 F* Sp 5 F 5p 5 f Sp 5* f
- 5p 5 f ha 5 5, 5 g.
H f , (apuc 6ea f F 5p 5p
@ 5p $* f
- W Sp* 5 F* f Sp* 5* f
- f 5p* 5 F 5p F 5p* 5 F* 5p Sp se p
- g y F . t rotunens 6) f
- f. planete 9 E . vam p T ed F g. y Frustu' ie sp. F
- f. rhrodioides g rgewmeme sp. 5p 5 F 5p 5 F W Sp* <* f 5p 5 F 5p 5 5p 5 F s g y r.. eemeinatuu Sr F , g f.. ei umitietum o toronete F r.. trunc at um *p Cyroslyne or Pleurostjma 5 5 f Afrostyme 5 5 Plerid 6on t trt ulare '
SP 5p Hannsee art es 59 hant 19 his e ta< tt ule sp. 59 5 59 5 f 5p Sp .*6 Sp g i tietotume tridts 5 h ettuhte sp. I W 5p F 5 5p 5 I 5p Sk 5 I Sp 5 5p 5 F sp . I sp g i g O N. e< 6cularig $p 5 F W F 5p* 5* 5p 5 5p 5p F 5p F 5p 5 F Q 5 F sp g g b N. c loster nuri 5
- 4. l inear ts 5p I"I N. longis s ime 5p 3 N. 6olsetite F 5.B 50 %p 5p w t M N sc a lareg g (
Q N s o y a,ideae 5 1 P ennular ia sp. W f F tpe < l 0 fehoicosphenne sp 5 O p. c urvet a F 5e Sp 5 9 phope l mi t e I sp ( R. sytt,ba Sp 5 Steurieens sp. 5* I U" tur erella spiret ts f l O 5. ovela [ Q Surirella sp. W 5 s l Synedre sp. Sp* 5 F W Sp* 5 i W 5p* $* F 5p 5 F 4* 5 F 5p F* 5p' 5 5 5p 5 F Sp 5 sp 5 e g*( j E 5. an.us 5p su s i g
- 5. esine
[ { _ $. eine v. chaseene F F 5 5p 5 F 5p 5 Sp* fi 3 9 O O
t O Table 2-4 (Contd) I fear 1 (1974) Veae t (1975) year 1 (19761 Veer 4 (1977) Veer $ (1978) Veer 6 (1979) Tasa take 4xt6 gen funds late 4ttangen Pands YMich698a Fonds late "thh6 9 *a Fees gage Mtchtgen ponds tese pichtgen Pends exillertophyta (Contd) Pennales (Cantd) f atellaria sp. W F 5p' 5* 5 5 I
- 1. ten'estrate 59 5 5p 5 5 T. fimc 1=Se 5* F
- W* 5p* 5 F 5&* 5* F* Sp F 5p 5 F* F 5p* 5* F Sp 5 F* Sp F* 5p 5 F 5p 5 F unident tfled Freet tartaeae Sp Lp F 5, Sp 5 F Se 1 F 5 5 F 5, 5p unidantifled 4thnenthales F unidentitled naviculales 5p SP F 5p F 5p 5 5 5 (ryptophyta unidentif ted Cryptos,myra Sp W 5 F*
Cryptomsmedales Unidentified Cryptasemedales 5 F* W $* F* W* Sp 5 F 5p* $ Fa $p 5 Sp 5 $ F ip $ F 5p 5 5 5 thrennemas sp. F* F* 5p 5 F 5 F* $ Sp 5 F 5e i F 5p 5 F Sp 5 Sp 5 5 F 5p 1 F fr 5* F
- W 5p* 5* F W* 5p 5 F* 5p* F* $9 5* F
- 4* 5* F. 5p 5 F to 5 F 5p 5* F* Sp 5 F 5p 5 F C yptreven surssrmi tsp. F F 5 F **
- F 5p 5p C. eesia - 5, 5 5* F 59 C. reffene F SF y Dnedommas sp. $* F w 5p $* 5p* $ F* *o* 5* F *
. 5p* 5* F* 5p 1* F
- 5 I So I 5 g p. Tecostrti 5* F* 5 F 5p* 5p 5p 5p ta p. lens 5 5 y p. niinuta 5 5* F 5p 5 F 5p $ F* 5p $ F $ F Cyanumenes 5 ryrrv+h y ta unidentified tyrrophyte W 5* W 5p 5 ip f.ymood is t a tes unteratifled Gyumodiniales 5 F f.ynmodintese sp. F 5 F F 5 Sp 5 Sp 5 F 5p 5 Sp F 1 Peridiniales un*dentified Perediatales 5 F 5 F W 5p e Sp 5* 5p 5 5 5p 5 $
ferat im sp. 5* C. hirundtnella $ F $ 5 5* 5* $ Cle==finle sp". 5* 5p 5p* 5 fenyewlas sp. F F 5 Perjdenim sp. 5 5 F* 5p $* 5p* 5 F 5p 5 Sp* 5* 5 F F P. cla t* f, 5 od 6a t um 5 5 P- "SP 'f **. 5 5 5 $ Sp 5 5p 5 F P. getua**M $ 5* 7 p. Steinet I une P'hoccales Ef%$0dI*08 Sp- _ I 3 unident6f ted Algae 5p 5 F F Sp 5, $ F 5, $ W O a U O Q (L
' f.3 3
O Table 2-5 Mean Phytoplankton Density (No./mt) and Biovolume (pt/E), Bailly Study Area, 1979 Station Apr Jun Aug Nov Lake 1 D* 7,690 2,040 14,195 3,691 B 5.14 0.95 1.62 0.39 2 0 6,311 1,944 9,773 18,416 B 12.04 0.28 0.82 0.86 3 0 13,056 3,973 17,956 2,713 B 7.66 0.45 0.54 0.68 4 0 7,595 51 0 52,525 11,822 B 10.95 0.24 1.59 2.76 5 0 6,673 1,640 2,156 15,238 8 7.49 0.40 0.32 4.99 6 0 4,252 1,374 10,058 6,256 B 5.16 0.42 1.08 4.56 7 0 4,633 1,950 27,408 2,717 3 6.84 0.47 2.15 3.07 8 0 7,540 574 50,585 4,543 8 9.08 0.23 2.56 3.59 9 D 9,007 937 20,979 4,430 8 4.42 0.19 1.82 5.05 10 D 12,203 14,636 45,590 11,973 9 10.89 3.88 5.76 6.71 Nearfield 2 (1-6,10) D 8,254 6,154 27,048 10,451 B 8.48 1.60 2.58 3.82 Farfield i (7-9) D 7,060 1,154 32,991 3.897 B 6.78 0.30 2.18 3.90 Pond 17 0 12,543 14,938 81,502 3,184 B 2.45 5.75 53.31 4.66 18 0 8,464 19,732 16,339 2,913 B 1.79 0.98 17.62 9.37 19 D 15,266 4,173 41,870 1,838 B ', ?9 0.96 47.42 4.93 20 D 6,t ' 9,655 22,349 2,512** B 3.t 0.96 34.65 5.61** Cceles Bog 21 0 3.8 8,090 208,102 1,925 B 4. . 4.68 198.80 0.31 Pond B i (17,18) D 10,504 17,335 48,921 3,048 B 2.12 3.37 35.46 7.02 Pond C i (19,20) D 11,074 6,914 32,109 2,175 B 11.42 0.96 41.03 5.27 D = Density; B = Biovolume. Density and biovolume based on one replicate. 2-18 st lence services division
1 O4 ,. -
.L e,1, m s . m m1: u,,, .. . ..... 1,,m 1 , _ _ u . 14. i ,
x.,m ' li . ,,
?ll
,f ij lg is -
l l i l i l u ;
..a
[ i I I r n - i 1 I I ia w - i i l I I I
- I ;
2 l
! 1 -
- l O E
%e 8
l l l 1 1
.a $
i
' l i E l I i
=
$ l 7 -
l g i l i i l i I I I I
~
'A l g i I e,n I l l '
1 I I A
/ I i
~
I l\ l \
\
/ \
l l
\
l ll l ,
~
f 2 I 1 I I
; llla A A I It i I I ll
~
f \ j' I I I
' I l
\/\ ll '\ l \'i \l '
to s I I 4 I si
' \ l '
's l \ is ' sI
\ \
sl L j/
\
' I
\ l 4 ku
- t. ,>
I i , , , , i ii,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 *, Jc4 At Aw sEP OLT Ev rt. ma Ape 49 A4 A4 4CV AFR .44 Ad hcg APR A4 AUG NQg apt ggg Aug gGV APS AN A4 40V O Figure 2-2. Mean Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume, Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-19 science services division
o CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOE 5 NOT INTER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 18.000 - 1098/t 9.169t/c 96.377/ms 11 1I t 191.76us /t Ei i t 8 i Il l 8 I I *1 7.0 t ' 17.000 -
, s' g 8 I 8 Entremely high biovolumes associated with monospecific organismi " clumping" gg I I f g I .
( - deleted from overall biovolune calculations as unrepresentative of total 3g I I l I pond system (Exception: Au9ust 1977 in which Cladophora and Micrasterias
~ Ag I 4-g I j
15.000 - were present in high biovolume in pond samples 7pWticularly 'iFPosifC.J~ g 3 ; i - 6.0 li i r g 8 I I I II i DENSITY , [t
, , n II
, i I
~
' g I
- 13. 0 ,8 i l, _ _ .. strV0tuME s r, a g
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h 9.mo l } ,# ,8 g s- i ll _ l i
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n.0 6 ti
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f 1.000 - \ O g . . . . . . . . . i . T i i e i e i e i e i i e iiiie i i o,o
,] MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR 'JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR' JUN AUG NOV h 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 jj Figure 2-3. Mean Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, November 1979 o
6 i L'. n
*3 e _ - - - _ . .
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/mi Table 2-6 (,/ Percent Composition of Major Phytoplankton Group, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Apr Jun Aug Mov Station Tanon Density 81ovolume Density Biovolume Density 81ovolume Density 81ovolume Lake (1 10) Cyanophyta 44.7 2.8 62.1 25.6 94.7 14.6 68.0 6.4 Chloropeyta 3.4 3.2 13.0 6.0 2.4 33.7 5.9 7.2 Bacillariophyta-Centric 10.2 35.8 2.0 14.5 0.2 2.5 2.2 1.0 Bac111ario0Myta-Pennate 35.4 55.8 14.0 43.5 1.8 35.0 20.1 77.3 Total 1 93.7 97.6 91.1 89.6 99.1 85.8 96.4 93.9 No. taxa 58 58 50 50 64 64 50 50 Pond (17-24 Cyanophyta 46.4 0. 7 0.5 0.0 68.6 20.6 27.5 0.3 Chlorophyta 15.3 7.6 66.1 36.6 14.7 16.6 32.6 13.6 Bacillariophyta-Centric 0.1 0.1 9.2 19.3 5.8 18.2 0.4 0.3 8ac111artoonyta-Pennate 31.0 76.6 19.5 20.6 6.6 28.4 20.1 43.4 Total t 92.8 85.0 94.3 76.5 95.7 S3.6 80.6 5/.6* Mo. tasa 50 50 37 37 58 58 40 40
!n November 19.4% of the total biovolume was made up of Peridinium inconscicuwn.
Average densities at each depth contour within Lake Michigan indicate small and variable dif ferences among the 15 , 30 , and 50- foot depth contours from 1975 through 1979 (Figure 2-4). Phytoplankton density increased through m time, marked by autumn peaks of sacreasing magnitude in 1976, 1977 and 1978. , (V During 1979 highest abundance occurred in August. I l In June 1979 the phytoplankton densities at all contours were unifo rmly low at approximately 2 million cells per liter. In August 1979 there was a large blocm of blue green algae (Table 2-6), composed of Aphanothece sp. and Comphosphaeria lacustris. The 15-ft contour had a higher density (31 million cells per liter) than the 30- and 50-ft contours. This occurrence may be due to a correlation between abiotic and biotic factors, although the data doe 3 not provide suf ficient information to define such a correlation. Density and biovolume for depth contours averaged over five years are presented in Figures 2-5 and 2-6. There are no apparent density differences due to distance from shore. Overall average density in August is decreased relative to the 1977 summary, reflecting slightly decreased density of blue-green algae in August 1978; blue green algae densities increased in August 1979. The five year summary data (Figure 2-7) indicates an overall density increase in November, g l \
Phytoplankton biovolume (Figures 2-6 and 2-7) reflects the limiting effect of available nutrients. While densities fluctuated greatly with changes in cell 2-21 science services division I
O 64.7 31.4
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2< - I\ lI I\ 72 - l t 1 j ".' I \ It 20 - g i gg i 3,, ,\ l\ g la - CONTINUOUS NATURE Of CONNECTING LINES DOEs NOT INrER DATA CONTINUITV THROUGH NONSAMPLING MUNTHs. , I i ! \l i 1 1 I.g i
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U Figure 2-4. Phytoplankton Density, Lake Michigan Stations, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 G 3 8 G e -- _
o
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CONTINUOU$ NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES Nuf INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS 25 ~ s 15-FT CONTOUR STATIONS 1, 4. AND 7 /
--- 30-FT CONTOUR STATIONS 2, 5, AND 8 /
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[ - 0 AFR t ' JUN I t AUG t t NOV Figure 2-5. Mean Phytoplankton Density at Lake Michigan Stations, Bailly Study Area Summed over 1975-1979 size of dominant species, the seasonally averaged phytoplankton biomass for the monitoring period, 1975 to 1979, (Figure 2-6) showed only slight fall and spring incre,ses. The spring increase may be attributed in part to replen-ishment of epilimnion nutrients during winter mixing. During stratification (summer and fall), mixing takes place to a depth of 10 meters (Figure 2-4) and nearshore transects (15 f t and 30 ft ) support more biovolume than the 50-ft stations. This annual cycle is seen in Figure 2-7, where slight peaks are apparent each April, and somewhat larger peaks occur in the fall o f 1977, 1978, and 1979. Stations along the nearshore contour (1, 4, 7) yielded higher biovolume concentrations during late summer and fall than the stations along the 50-ft contour, v 2-23 science services division i i
o O CONTINUOUS NAit;RE OF CONNECTING LINES DCES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NCNSAMPLING MONTHS. 6-15-FT CONTOUR STATIONS 1. 4. AND 7
% --- 30-Fi CONTOUR STATIONS 2. 5. AND 8 }.
4 "'s -- FT CONTOUR STATIONS 3. 6. AND 9 s 1 's s j2 -
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i e c i i i i i APR JUN AUG h0V Figure 2-6. Mean Phytoplankton Biovolume at Lake Michigan Stations, Bailly Study Area Summed over 1975-1979 Phytopleinkton biovolume in the ponds we re relatively constant (Figure 2-8). The highest peak for 1979 occurred in August due to large species of green algae and pennate diatoms. Cowles Bog had a high biovolume (199 ut/L) in August due to large amounts of Oscillatoria sp. and centric and pennate diatoms. Peaks recorded in ponds B and C during 1976 and 1977 (Figure 2-8) were the result of algal clumps which did not disperse homogeneously. These individual results are reflected in the five year summary (Figure 2-9) as biovolume peaks for ponds B and C in August, even though high densities for ; these stations occurred in April and August (Figures 2-10 and 2-11). Over j the five year monitoring period, Cowles Bog showed the highest peaks overall l in August for both mean density (Figures 2-10 and 2-12) and mean biovolume l ( Figure 2-l) . . l l An organic pollution index was devised by Palmer (1969) based on a rating of i pollut ion-tole rant algae. The scheme was s ynt% d zed by Palmer from 269 l reports by 165 authors. An index was established for the top 20 genets and/or species thus identified. An organism is called "present" in a sample if there are 50 or more individuals per milliliter. A total of 20 points (out of 44 possible if all 20 genera are found or 51 if all 20 species are found) or more for a sample is interpreted as evidence of high " organic 2-24 science services division
(
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l I r I CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTIE t!NE5 DOE 5 NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITV THROUfaM NONSAMPLiE fusTHS, f 15 - 9 Fi CONTOUR STATIONS (1. 4. 7)
--- 30-Fi CONTOUR STATIONS (2. 5. 8)
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APR Jun AUG NOV APR JUN AIE NOV APR Jtm Auf. Nur APR Jun Aur. APR JUN AuG NW 1975 1976 1917 1978 3973 1 i Figure 2-7. Phytoplankton Biovolume, Lake Michif;an, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 i i g ) 4:4 i r4 ! i 3 u 1 ! o l a n 9 C 0 0 EL > 4 0"4 3 l r [
o CONTih00US NATURE OF CONNECTING LihES DOE 5 NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NON57JfLING MONTHS. 100 - 1993~ COWLES Bar. !
- --- POND B
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'd
'y Figure 2-8. Phytoplankton Biovolume, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 u
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o 40 - 35
,CONTINUGUS NATURE 0F CONNECTING , LINES _COES,NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH,NONSAMPLING MONTp,5..
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0 - i i , , , , , APR JUN AUG NOV Figure 2-9. Mean Phytoplankton Biovolume, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, Summed over 1975-1979 loading", and 15 to 19 points is probable evidence of considerable " organic loading". In August 1979, the Palmer index was 4 for Lake Michigan and 27 for the interdunal ponds. l 2.1.3.2 Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a and Productivity. Chlorophyll a, and productivity levels are shown for sampling years 1-6 in Figure 2-13 and 2-14. V Mean density of - Chlorophyta (green algae) was closely related to chlorophyll I 1 2-27 science services division
o a_ concentrations for the Lake Michigan and pond stations in 1979 (Figure 2-15). Lake Michigan had peak levels of chlorophyll a, in August 1979 and low levels in June. Chlorophyll a degradation occurred in seven of the lake samples which is probably the reason for low values during June 1979. The high August chlorophyll a concentration correlated with high green algae biovolume.
' CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS.
14 '- COWLES BOG
- - - - POND 9 \
12 - _._,_. POND C ! \
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5 i f I t i f f APR JUN AUG NOV Figure 2-10. Mean Phytoplankton Density, Nearshore Pcnds, Bailly Study Area, Summed over 1975-1979 The ponds exhibited highest chlorophyll a concentrations in August 1979 (30.44 p g/ t) when the biovolume was 15.25 ut/t) (Figure 2.15). Green algae were more abundant during August than at any other t ime during the year. In April 1979 pennate diatoms were the most abundant organisms (2.6 million cells /t) in the ponds. This correlated with a biovolume of 4.71 pt/1) and 2-M science services division
o 4 208 as . II II l IlI l Ig I\
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1975 l Figure 2-11. Phytoplankton Density, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 l 2-29 science services division
C O 25 - 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 g 15 - h14 - s
- 13 -
12 5 11 - N E 10-9 8 7 - 6 - 5 4 - CONTINUCUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER
~
CATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS l 2 T I t I t t t l APR JUN AUG NOV Figure 2-12. Mean Phytoplankton Density at Nearshore Pond Stations, Bailly Stedy Area Summed over 1975-1979 the lowest chlorophyll a_ concentration of the year (3.95 ut/t); the large biovo lume re flect s the presence of pennate diatoms. Larger centric and pennate diatoms dominated the biovolume in August 1979, but green algae were probably responsible for the high levels of chlorophyll a during this period. During 1979, the Lake Michigan primary production was lowest in June and November and highe s t in April (Figure 2-14). The ponds exhibited high 2-30 science services division
O O O o so - 45 - 40 - f 3s gw - m JuN Jut 3 a% see oCT h0V EE .JJEJJ MAR APP MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG* NOV APR EE \ FI 'Ir! l ~u J JUN A% NUV APR JUN AUG NOV APR r5 JUN AUG NOV l O LArt Micnican stArions , um - sun-s res% rate !!!! "/aana" ^ ""*"a""'""'
$ Figure 2-13. Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a Concentrations, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 l 8 8
2 2 5 a k 8 l
_ - -_ s, m. _s _._..a - _wm - . . _ _ _ _ - .___.,,-N_..---+-wwA+ -.*.*,-6 0 t 9-7 - io.,i 6' 8' 6="'" 66 ii 6 - O ta i riiteicaa stations M PtAD STATI.s c =om
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w - U__,.,_.,,.,,liA_..J4L,1=__. .. . . 1978 1979 m
- Figure 2-14. Phytoplankton Productivity Levels, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 i
S. b i E G G g
o m V production during April and June and lowest in November (Figure 2-14). No consistent seasonal trends in primary production have been observed from 1974-1979 in the ponds; however, November has exhibited high production in Lake Michigan during four of the six study years (Figure 2-14). 20 - 4\ 30
-*- MEAN DENSITY OF CHLOROPHVTA IN LAKE MICHIGA.1 \
,/
--o-- MEAN CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION IN LAKE _ MICHIGAN / \
-de- MEAN DENSITY OF CHLOROPHYTA IN ALL PONDS /
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,,- p 0 T i i T a APR JUN AUG NOV Figure 2-15. Average Green Algal Density and Chlorophyll a, Concentrations of Phytoplankton, Bailly Study Area, 1979 2.1.3.3 Phytoplankton Statistical Analysis 2.1.3.3.1 Methodology. The following s tat ist ic al methodology was applied not only to phytoplankton density and biovolume but also to zooplankton density and benthos density. For all samples, the analysis of variance procedure (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between factors of interest. Significant e f fects were further analyzed using Newman-Keuls multiple range tests (Winer 1971). The analysis was per formed on log-trans fo rmed data. Zero values were adjusted to the minimum detectable levels. These levels we re : zooplankton density (1), benthos density (1),
phytoplankton density (19) and phytoplankton biomass (0.01). O '\ i 2-33 science services division
1 C Two ANOVA models were used. The first compared data from the 1979 sampling season only. The second considered data from 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978 as well.* Month and year affects were considered to be random while station e f fects were treated as fixed, the ef fects tested, and the error te rms used as shown below. 1979 Only 1975-1979 Month Year Station Month Station 10 vs rest Station Row linear Year x month Row quadratic Year x station Column Month x station Row linear x column Month x station x year Row quadratic x column Replication (residual) Station x month Replication (residual) The two factors, year x station and month x station, were tested. When one proved nonsignificant, it was possible to use the other as the denominator for the F-test of station ef fects. 9 2.1.3.3.2 ANOVA Results and Discussion. ANOVA results are shown in Table 2-6. For Lake Michigan, monthly densities and biovolume were significantly different within 1979 and among years. The significant year-month inter-action of density and biovolume re flect s the nonparallel changes in density and biovolume during like months in dif ferent years. Station densities and biovolumes were not significantly different when averaged over years. During 1979, Station 10 had significantly higher density and biovolume than the mean of all other stations. The monthly densities for the ponds were significantly di fferent during 1979, but all stations were similar (Table 2-7 and Figure 2-8). Comparison of yearly mean densities and biovolumes yielded no significant di f ference s among the pond stations. Although no dif ferences were observed in the station means, differences did occur in the t ime o f year (month) when peak values were observed and where (station) peak values occurred as indicated by the significant year x month, month x station, and
*1974 phytoplankton, zooplankton, or benthos data were not considered because of the lack of April data in that year.
2-34 science services division
/'; C./ year x month x station interactions. The yearly mean density for 1979 was s ignificant ly ' higher than the mean densities observed during 1975, 1976, and 1977; however, the biovolumes we re not significantly different. This increase in phytoplankton is probably not related to power plant influences, but more likely was due to natural yearly variations. Peak or high density populations may have been missed during some years because of the seasonal sampling schedule. Table 2-7 Phytoplankton ANOVA Results, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Dentity Biovolume Degrees Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value 1978 Single Year Lake Stations Month 3 51.61 38.12* 3 141.70 52.29* Station 9 12.61 0.98 9 29.24 2.22 10 vs rest 1 9.66 6.75* 1 20.80 14.21* Row (linear) 1 0.03 0.02 1 1.09 0.84 ifS ; Row (quadratic) 1 0.11 0.08 1 0.05 0.04 (./ Column 2 0.70 0.24 2 6.50 2.49 Row linear x column 2 0.82 0.29 2 0.74 0.28 Row quadratic x column 2 1.29 0.45 2 0.05 0.02 Month x station 27 38.65 3.17* 27 39.52 1.62 Residual (replicate) 40 18.05 40 36.13 Pond and Bog Stations Month 3 38.74 26.88* 3 69.89 17.51* Station 4 2.98 0.77 4 2.49 0.25 Ponds vs bog 1 0.06 0.06 1 0.02 0.01 Pond 8 1 0.89 0.92 1 0.92 0.37 Pond C 1 0.14 0.14 1 0.51 0.20 8 vs C 1 1.76 1.82 1 1.08 0.43 Month x station 12 11.65 2.02 12 30.02 1.88 Residual 18 8.65 20 23.95 1975-1979 Multiyear Comparisons Lake Stations Year 4 127.23 4.41* 4 77.76 2.24 Month 3 42.49 4.94* 3 129.52 4.97* Year x month 12 143.06 6.76* 12 104.26 10.04* Station 9 12.12 0.44 9 14.98 1.97 Year x station 36 47.81 0.64 36 43.20 0.99 Month x station 27 32.42 4.57* 27 23.21 0.71 Year x month x station 108 118.11 1.68* 108 131.32 1.40* Residual 190 180.08 190 164.44 Pond and Bog Stations Year 4 70.84 4.41* 4 101.53 2.80 Month 3 59.50 4.94* 3 83.95 3.09 Year x month 12 48.22 6.76* 12 108.84 6.14* Station 4 7.31 0.44 4 11.64 0.65 Year x station 16 10.14 0.64 16 28.92 0.90 Month x station 12 54.68 4.57* 12 56.45 2.33* Year x month x station 48 47.87 1.68* 48 96.94 1.37 Residual 93 55.29 93 '17.37 O
- Significant at a s0.05.
() 2-35 science services division
O Table 2-8 Comparison of Periphyton Occurrence in Sampling Years 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, Bailly Study Area voar 2 (19751 rear 3 (1976) Year a (1977) Year 5 (1978) veer 6 (1979) Lane Lake Lane Lane Lane fama Michigan Prsics u*c a t gen Ponds unn tgan Pneds Mi c nig an Ponds 4ttntgen Ponds Cysaccart a caamaestononsates ua +d. cheaes t o*anaceae 5* Cacampeaa so.
~
s s* F CarodossieT- s swei te so. s F F s s GiaeT4 e F F OleMTUN so. F 5 F so S
'1Frooci6i so. $ $
s Wwoccus varius F Ta:J T5c occ 3psTiio. 5 S'Fposcreer si Tacu s te t s iriseocedia so. $ F r* 5 F So* 5 r F s So
*TcrocbstWso.
OiTC -roococu tes s so so s teurocansac eae C hru oc c Dps 's $o prJFalis. e so s F* DeWFpirei F gaanc <sen so. dnIC*ve &arcaceae F Osc111atert ales tyfya so. 5 F* 5* F. 5* r F* So* 5* So* ** F* So 5 F. 50* $* F* So* $* 5 So
- k. *G*1_tlee L. S taret*ca 5 So*
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fihTrsiiria s;.. So* s* r* Tmba so. - S o* 7al M. sc t ila teriales so !* 50* s t .ui ar t ales C a' etar* e 50 F 5 F* So* 5 $* F* InTC1Tilartales so mostocaceae AaaBaeas so. 5 F 5 So F So F JchahFr wca
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science services division 2-36
O
) Table 2-8 (Contd) veer 2 (1975) tear 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) Year 5 (1978) voar n (1979)
Late Lake Late Late Lake fama Michigan Ponds Michtgen Ponds Ntentgan Ponds Michtgen Ponds Mtcht gan Ponds Chlorophyta (Cartd) Chlorococcales (Conts) fetreedron sp. F F $ DFnTei4 5
*et ro st rum $s staurgonlafomis F*
I unti Ch.orococcaTes So Sp 5p Cladopnerales Cla_6.cpnore 50. $* F* $* F* $* . $ F F i El ocI5nl# lo. l $ So $ ChaetoonoraTei Chaetocnora $p f Chaetosynaerldtwn $
~ToQsg g
$p Protm3er*a so.
os so. So* 5* $ F F $* Sp F* CnTEDaetoonocales F* F $ F F oedogontates h1boc*aete sp. F* F So* 5* So* $* F* $0* $* F* So 1 F $p $ F* 4 SaisiinTua se. 67adoTate $ $ $ triatio'EdfTiTes Unid. Trentecnon11aceae F U1otrichales gs ce*iae11a $ GTkeTTi interrupts $
% =id4um so. So
- fc s . F F*
CEtaria so. Sp* $* F 5 F $* $p F* So $ F Sp 5
- 4. tenecewa 1
- 0. Wrocesi 5 G. swata $* 5* Sp
- F 5p $
Grene=a sp. $ [nTE.llotriccates So* So $* So Zygnematales C losterN' so. $p $p Th $ 50 $ F feseerte 5s. So F $ $ 5 Oe5%TfTJ sp. g s Gastrum sp. $ 1 hujeitTa so. $ So* $ F 50* $* F $ F* 50* $ F* F 5p F $ Sp 5 F Ftearoteentum sp. lskr.a 5p. So ** $ $* 50 $ $
$@taurastrue sp. $ $ $ F 5Tauraste dilatatum $
[nTd Te%dTaceas- $ unid. Zygasmatales 5 Unid. Chloroonyta so $ F So* $ Sp $* 5* So So $ F Euq1enochyta Unid. Eaglena(eae 5p Trachelesnones 50 $ So $ Eu 1 50
&glena
*fu_s so.
so. $ santnoenyt a neterotrichales Unid. TetDonemataceae $ Carvsonnyta Chryseen defes Cnrysococcus sp. $ $8 Sp 50 OW,eopTs~si. F Ofajebr 5i so. F So F So F 5 Sp
' E. divergens . 5. fe% FTe F F l rp+pp +3 so.- So re ;
PpipyuTs utriculus F Sp F j FseudnGpnfrion so. 50 l F ieFairTon 50. GnldNhrysonnadales 50 la F* $o F F Untd. Ratrochrystdales So Untd. Chrysopnyta $p Unid. Chetpuul teales 5p 50 Unte. Chrysocaosales 50 Bac t11eriocar ta Centrates actieccyclus aereanit I foTiaodiscd fac.stMs 5 $p (5sTan JTsWi so. $ So EWToi,TWsg, $g g F so F so 1 F So $ F So 5 F So $ F $ Sp 5 F $ l CTtW $ F $ 5 F
$ F C. SusaTea $
F* (.
- c. c,wsis c rta r So 5 r $ r 5 So t.
* [1.+. rat a
$ F So $ F F So * $ * $* F
. m.tz%as 5 $ F
. neaega i n t a as $ $ F $ F $ F 5 F $ F So $ to $ F $
- r. wma.a $ F $ r S $ $
(, firTJsT11a $
? 2'of'al_s $
(. o=* sostelligere So
$ So 5e 5 c.
E..teTITyra~- S.cr.. a ' so
%IisTra se. $ F 5p $ F* $ $ so 5 5 F SC* F I E io $ $ $
- ifdera,a
( e 5 2-37 science services division
O Table 2-8 (Contd) voor 2 (19751 voar 3 (1976) veer 4 (1977) veer 5 (19781 voor 6 (1979) Lane Lane Lane Late Lase
?aas Wic91gan Pards wicn t gan Ponds u t e n t gan Ponds #4chigas Ponds wiceigan Ponds Bac t11ertoony's 'CoetJ)
Cen tra les Contd)
"- 3'!av s t a 5 50 $
W.herni1T-8 5 a, I'sMCS 50 5 50 5 50 $ F 5 F to 5 F F 5p* 5 5 piTTca Sp 5 F 5p 5 F 59 5 F So 5p 5 F Sp 5
- 5 5
#- *a 5p 5 5 So F 50* 5 So 5 F 5 F*
St.efaMiscus e'E.s so. 50 5 F 5 5p 5 F 5p 50 5 5p* 5 5
- f. e st**ea 50 5 F 50 50 5 r 59 So 5 F 50 F So 5 So $* F
- f. biwerana 3 5 5 So* F Sp 5 5 F* F T. Fa'atiM.t
- s. uape .s 5
$. alagerae F $ 5 F 'bal as1015're F19 vit al's F 5=7d . Cent rales 50 5 F 5 5 So 5 F 5p F F F 5 Peacales a, *nsagaes so. Spa $ F* 50' 5 F. !s 5 F Sp* ** F* 5* F* So 5* F So 5 F So 5 F 5p* 5* F So 5*
I a'rr.T; $
- 4. cl WI~ 5 5 A. feMJ 5 so 5 F* 5 F 5* F 5 F 5 5
- 1. hikkiana so 5 F E. huega.rle 50 5 F F F 5* F
- 3. husteol 5o
- 3. Taaccolata F 50' 5* So 5 8 50 5* F F 5 F 5 F 5 $* F*
- 1. T i,eeris so So F So $* 5, 5 F* So 5 F 5' r* 5* F* Sc* 5 F 5 5p* 5 r* 5*
- 1. ocrocepaa f a $ sp So F Sp 5 A. sEtTs'sT*T 5p ce F Sc. 5* 5, 5 5 F 5 F* Sc' 5* F* 5* F So* 5* F 5 pa 5* F* So* 5* F*
50 5 Arcair'eure 50 5p 50 F C'~re iUcMa 5 5 F So F so 5
- 1. rJTTia-~s- F r
hff'da oraata 5 F So 5 ihere so. 5 So 5 5 5 So Wet'ca- 5 Z. M'ea em s l 50 F ca !p F 5 F 5 I. an 1 7'aTH 5 F So F 5 F F So 5 r F 5 5 F
- 1. yerTRt i t a 5 b' reelels~ so. 5 5 r F So F
.rTaas 5 5* F 5 F F 5 F 5' F*
'res 5 5p 5* So 5* F 5 So 5* F F Sp 5* F 5 Fe Sc 5* F*
.e"haella 'ormosa $c 5 50 5 50 5 F F 50 5 F So
- 50
. ' -wits 4
'. sp.E
- F r la 5 5 fedW p F 5 5
"" . fi.isi t RM iiosa 5 F $
shacTs sE 5 F Sg i F So 50 $ Sp 5 F 5 F ' C- ~FsTJus so
- F e F $
. (isq;1;s 5 F 5 F $ 5 5
". p'sc a~aUa a 50 $ $ F F 5 F 5 F $ 8 So 5 F F 5 5
"_f'VlaTGTeu ra~ sp. F $
C. - Mi L 5cis@a - 5 F 5 So 5 Eg'beTIe sp. So $ F Sp " F $ F 50 5 F 50 5 F* Sp 5 50 F to 5 F So 5 F 50 5 F
.. aWt s 5 F F 5 F* F So 5 5* F $
50
- 0. EaGr ala a C ser%.1 f.* asters 5o So e ieshit osa 5
- i. . U st' ',Ta~ F F 50 5 F
(. Las t a F 50 5
- F So F F SC' 5 F* So 5' F
{. *QMechala 50 So F F SD 6 eia ,e a F So 5 F 5 F 5* F 5 F
- f. envRil
- Form s 5 F So
". p ostret a so 5* F F S0 a 8 Sp r 50 $ F So 5 F F 5* F 5 l
C si%ata 50 C. spkaerwaara 5 C.th;ii^ ^ 5
*. t;rgile 5 Sp 50 So 5 5 50 5 8 5 50 5 F 5 50 5
{ E.eae.ricosa. veetro osa v. m'm ata 5
^
S e t +a i~pE'~ ' ~ 59' 5* F* So 5 F 50 5 Sp 5' F* 5p
- 7. sar ers 5* 5* 5
- 5. a feite 5c 5 Sp 5 5
5
$ t eave 5 5 50 5* 6 5 F 50 5 F 50 5 to 5* F F Sc* F so 5 F
- 5. teWe v eloacate 5 5 10
- 5. tvane v. te%e So 5 3 6Te are 50 5 F* SF F 'o* 5 F o F Sc* 5 F* 50 $
r Sj g F e F Sg * $* F= 9 idja4 v. Ovales F So 5 F
- eat bia so.
i So F F 5 5 ' t'e6Il "leliacii so. F 5 5 T. NWt0 9 5 F f ri fSia'so. 5 50 F E iW'i4tt! 5 F (. tarp aa 5' [ F a J5e" 5 5* he6Fa~sp. $g 5 F 50* 5 F 5e !*
- 5 to 5* F* F So 5 5 So F I ' 7riat a !D 5 F 5p 5 F 50 5 F 50 $ F 50 5'
- r. U m,- 5 5 5 50 E. e9d's 5 5 rt e9a
*c a
5 to ' *
- 50 5 5
- f. fr*JWsa 5 50 50 So 5
t ,@Wid vicili 1 1 2-38 science services division
D
- /
! Table 2-8 (Contd) rear 2 (1975) Year 3 {1976) vee
- 4 (19771 Year 5 (1978) Year 6 (1979)
Lake Lake Lake Lane Lehe Feaa Micnigan Fones 41catgen Fonds nichtgea ' Fonds W+cnigan Fonds Michigan Fones tact 11ertophyta (Conte) pennales tConte) factia grectif s F E. 5 5 F $9 5
- r. ML*214P".!s incisa 5 50 5, 5
- f. meh_r $9
- f. enrocephefe F F 5 F 5
- f. ase2elit 5p 5 F F F
- f. ,feitiaeTe s 5 5* F $ F 5 F* So 5 50 5* F
? ,.een ta 5 5p 5
. raoabo des F
. sje teatrionalis 5
. teaiTre 5 5p 5
'. valide 50
. . ..anwet t i 5 $ $ 5 F 50 5 Frainer's so. So* 5 F 5p' 5 F 5p 5 F Sp 5 F* Se $ F So* 5* F* 50 $ F 5 F So* F 50 $ F*
F brevistetata 5 50 $* 5 50 So F. Seoucine 50 50 5 50 F So 5 F So F F. capucine v. nesolepta
~
5 50 Sp 5 F I. CSasYr'Cta 5 F. construees 5 F Sp Sp 5 Sp 8 50 F F F. centcaehiTs 5p 5 F Sp 5 F* Sp 5 F 59 5 F* 50 5 F* 50' 5 F* So* 5 F So 5 F 5p 5' 5p* F. 1ep tos t eu roa 5 F 5 T. eim.t i s s +=a so F. esta 50 $ F So F Sp 5 53 5 Sp 5 Sa* 5 F. v euc Ece t ae 50' 5* F* 5 F* So* 5* F* So* 5* F So* $* F* So* 5 F* 50* $* F* 50 5 F Sp* . 5* F* Sp
- F*
s so. 5 5 FevsG1'stees e. GEF6 5 ce'
' crossiper'Tv. 5 F.'ri onF>7o fe ~
~ s a n oa *c a F.~cCo,65 Tees So F So F 50 5 F* 5 F $* F
$0 3acace 5 so. Sp 5
- So 5 F 50 5' r Sp 5 F 5p' 5 F 59 5* F* Sp 5 50* 5 F 5p* 5 F' Sc' 5' F*
G. eWde~te 50 5 5p 5 Sp 5 F 5 50 F 50 5 Sp 5 F
- 4. achmiaate y,. 50 Sp 3 ,
coroaete G. a f f lee F Sa* 5- **5ustatum 5 5e . So 5 So 5 F* F Sp* F So Sp* F 5p* 5 50* 5* F*
% 5. constricte F Sp 5 F
$ 5. grac ue 5 5 F So s) 5. lastabilis
- 5. intr $cate F Sp 5 So F $
So
- 4. laaceo'atus 5 F 5
- 5. TRTiepT $ F 5 F Sp 5 F 50
- 5. legteos v. s.b- 5 F cTavet a G. montea.e 5
- 5. buvaceotees 5
- 5. of f wecew a So* 5 F F 50 5 F 50 5 50' 5 F So 50 $ F 1 F 5p' $* F* 50
- 4. FuW
- 5. sEcEtwa 50 5 5p 1 5 5 F 5 Sp 5 F Sp 5 F 5 F 5*
50 F
- 5. wbt oe 5
- 4. tecelium I* 5
- 5. t rvac atum F 5 5 F e F $*
5@Wso.Ts7urculeaae 57res 5 F 5 5 5 5
- s. sciatease 5 F seetzscaf e aroMo775 5
*er$ dica se. 5 4 c i rc u l are ~ 50 $ Sp 5 53 5p 5 F So 5 Sc' F Tevicwie so. Sp 5 F Sp 5 F So ' F $9 5 F So 5 F Sp 5 F So 5 F 5 F 5p' 5 F 5p 5 F li accorede 5 F 5
- 4. sagTT~e' 5p
- i. lieETTT) Sp 5 T. capitata 40 is 5 5 F 5p F
%. cajitete v. cap $tata 50
- f. iosGTifa' 5 So*
- 1. c_catyejaele F So $p 5 F So 5 F 5 53 F Sa* 5 F* 5 F
- 3. c.rntocediTa v. 5 5 vecet e
- 4. c spideta Sp 5p 5 F N. Gecess41 5 5 h
I. es 'pe 5 F 5 1 F 5 5
%. [ttIiadica 5
- 9. yacIl3Ide~s F F 50 $ F So F F
- 9. biTopaila 5 5
- 4. Ka'WeTTTL 5 F So F
- 1. E9EerT 50 5p 5
%. GiQeT .
- i. bi5 's's i*a Sp 5 5
- 9. Gaii
- 1. fTr.,iTiti to 5 5
- 1. TT~iasts 5
%. E*C a t a 5
%. Maisc alus 5
- 9. etatee F $*
- k. G,ii e F
%. a481e 50
- 4. actas so 5 5 A 9. c'TGets F
/ 4. cMT
- 5. pTnavet.
5p (
- 5. FMun
- 1. pseuoo eia e .o 5 r F r
2-39 science services division i
O Table 2-8 (Contd) voar 2 (1975) vear 3 (1976) v eer 4 (1977) fear 5 (1978) voar 6 (1979) Lane Lane Lane Lane take faae "tcMgan Panas wic Mgan Ponds MicMean Ponds NicMgae Ponds wicMgan Ponds Sectllartooeyta (Contd) Pennales (ContJ) 4evicula pu actalatae so
- 1. epula 5 5 F F So 5 r 5 5e 5 F 5 So 5 F So 5 r
- 4. Frraea 5
- 4. rectos 5 F 5 F 5 F 58 5 5 F F F $* F
- 4. rafi65i v. teare11e 5 5
- 4. r4E*Edep*af e - ~ 5 L salleariE~' 5 5 F 5 F 5 F
- 4. sec are !*
4.spcies I 5* 5 4 s aDe ew l e t a 5
- 1. tiTou actata !p 5 F F 5 Sp 5 F 5 F
- 1. E3ul a 5 5 5 5 8.ef tiiTsW So h* F 5 F 5
- 4. aTFTae 50 F E. i3TETate 5*
- 4. btselcate M. duDia e n
- 9. t ri d i s F $ 5 5 F So 5 F
- 9. koz'owt t 5 9itzcoa so. 5p 5' F 50 5 F 50 $ F 5p 5 F* 50 5* F 5p 5 F 50 5 F 5p 5 F 59' 5 F So 5 F*
F aWeas 5 5
- 4. acicul ar's 50 $ So 5p So F So F F So 50
- 4. acute 5 F
- 1. a7FIits 5p 53
- 4. &%ia 50 F 5 5p 5 F Ss 5 F $ 5 F 50. 5 F Sp 5 F
- j. ayT3*d 5
- m. saplarts 50
- 4. i?gustata 50 5 F 50 5 F 5
%. ba.at ms 50
- 4. diss'oas *
- 4. eTsiTsia s o* 5 r F so* 5 F So 5 So 5 F So 5 F 5 F 5p* 5 F* 5
- 4. FiTWor;is so 5
- 4. FTat ice's 5 F F 53 5 F So 5 5p 5 ' So F 5* F* 5 F
- 4. Fisii TA 5 5 F 5p Sp F 5*
%. [acPW So F So 50 Sp 5 5*
- 1. h ea t z sc a t. F t T norate 2 5
- 9. h e't zWien a 50 5 F So F 5p 50 5 F
%. Teacee iet s 5 50 $ F i
- 1. FaeiiT--- s e
$ F So 5 F 5
- 4. eic roreonala 5 4 cE t'U a F
- 4. [ ate [ 5
- So 5 F Sc 5 F Sp 5 F 5* F* 5p 5 F* 5p 5 F F Sp 5 F $* F
- 4. ;a'aceae F 5
- 4. ruta F 5 F
- i. r M'aas So F 5 F F
%. i'diTarts F
- 4. syf 56 5 50
- s. sw dea 5 5 r
- 9. Suttilis 5
- 4. taeWs 5 F 5
- 9. t rybliorelia F 5 So F So 5
" stem a i .cechre aerM 5. 5 5 5 So 5a r s 5 5*
CaEa~jTs t.s 5 F F 5
- p. acrespa4erte 5 F 5 5 T iifeid cTaTaia F
- 5. elieus 5 SD 5
- p. E/.aT es F S F
- 8. Fe aIT 5 F I. 9*iTiestata 5 N. e, ,e s . 5
- 3. pe*1is 5
- f. ryen F B. kir[
- 8. may v . gu i c a* I t a 5 5 50 $
7 .ic res t aarea 5 5 F 5 5 scf ia 5
- 5. cbksia 5 0 s t rec t or a pne 5
* . s.oc apit ata 5 5 f so 5 F F 5 5 T4 gUi.s t r' Wpa3r a F F I s.rtet M a 5 8 3 rTii s- 5 F 5p 5 50 5 So
- 81a setrepy 50 SWou-Gnease curvata 50 5* F* 5 8 Sp ** F* 5 F So 5* F So 5 So 5 F* 5 F Sp* **F* 5 F 2'i cEsTWl'j%a 5 50 5 F 5 F F nHi';dii sot
~
5 5 M a arNfIs so 5 50 5 50 s F 5 5 *
- s. rv.a.a r
$. phneaeceateena 50 5 5 F 50 5 F
- 5. kNe ei 50 et ntia 5 ite"f bri Te 1. so. 'a*em4 So *e 5 So 5 F F T.' anst sta 5 t 5 r 5 F 5
- f. ova te So 5 5 5
?_jaedr a 50 5 to 5 F 5p 5 53' 5 F* % 5 F* Sc 5 r. So 5 Sp 5 F Sg 5 F
- 5. ac as F
- So r I. byaiceeaala r so 5 So 5 F
- 1. cacGit F F so 5 50 5 s asia 5 5 2-40 science services division
'l Table 2-8 (Contd) J veer 2 (1975) tear 3 (1976) veer 4 (1977) Year 5 (1978) veer 6 (1979) Lake Lake Lake Lake Late Tasa Michigan conds WicMgas Pancs Mientgan Ponds Richigan Pends wicMgan Ponds Battliertepnyta (Cante) Penmales (Conte) j 5eedra cycleoum Sp So 5 F So 5 5 $* F*
- 5. delicatissima 5 5 I. demererne 5 F So*
- f. FatiTc Tata So
[. Fascicolate v. S tabula ta
}, TeEli#1sta v. S t ruac et a T So 59 5 5 , to
{:!sFen'
. rad t eas T. rueye_as 5
5 So So So 5 F* So* 5 50 5 So* So F So So Sp
- l. E*aere 5
- 5. FITTiims 5 to e4re viaa 5 50 50 $ F* 5 Sp 5 F to 5 F So 5 F So 5 F So* 5 fr,Te'T5eema 7.-
so. 5 F TabelTa'7Ta sp. 5 5 F 5 So 5 5e 5 So C reaestre F F So 5 So* 5 50 5 F 5p 5 F So 5 5 So* 5 F So 5 F So 5 F so 5* F 5p' 5* F*
- f. FTorr7dse 50 5 F So* 5 F* 5 F So* 5* F So $* F CatCUsa'aihales 5 UMd. Esitweiales 5 Unid. Fragtlartales 5 5 50 50 5 50 5 F So 5 F* F Unid. Maviculates 50 5 F So 5 F So 5 F 5p 5 F Untd. Peeneles 50 5 F* 19' 5 F* Sc* 5 F So 5* F So 5 F So F* F F So 5 F So 5 F Crystoonrte Cryo'amondales 5 5 C'B_t_omonas so.
, Rhodomones so. F So 5 F 5 F F I.~mIivE 5 5o 0* id.Tyot omonda les 5 7 '- Pyrrovnyta Unid. Peridtaales So F Ceratfum Mrundtnella l
#ert5fue so. 5 F.7Efo'aiittuum So anno sang6pnitT soon,e ae saa iain 5 5 F F F 5 Unid. Algae 50 i
4 i 1 i i i i d i 2-41 science services division l i m... . . _ _ , , _ _ - . , _ _ . _ . . . , _ . . _ _ _ _ , , , . _ . . , - - , , . -
O 2.1.3.4 Periphyton Numerical Abundance and Composition. Most of the material discussed in the previous subsections (particularly 2.1.3.1) deal solely with phytoplankton s t ud ie s . Any periphytic algac mentioned are mainly tychoplanktonic (i.e. , forms of the littoral community occurring accidentally in the plankton) and usually are not important components of the phyto-plankton. Examples of algae which are usually strictly periphytic are the genera Chamaesiphon, Cladophora, Stigeoclonium, and Navicula. These genera and all other taxa collected on artificial and natural substrate by season in the NIPSCo Bailly Station study area are summarized in Table 2-8. Dominant taxa (l 4 percent of either density or biovolume) are designated by an asterisk. Samples were collected from natural substrates at the Lake Michigan stations and from artificial substrates at the pond stations. The reader is referred to Texas Instruments quarterly reports for numerical abundance data. In 1979, 124 taxa of periphyton were observed in the lake and 160 taxa in the ponds. The majority were blue green algae, green algae, and pennate diatoms. O Cyanophyta (blue green algae) was .:ne most numerous phytoplankton group throughout the year (Table I-9) in Lake Michigan. Lyngbys sp. was the most abundant blue green algal taxon, and it occurred at all stations in the lake through the year. Other abundant blue green algae were Schizothrix sp., Oscillatoria sp., Calothrix sp., and Pleurocapsa sp. Table 2-9 Percent Composition of Major Periphyton Groups, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Apr Jun Aug Nov Station Tanon Censity Biovolume Censity Stovolume Censity Biovolume Oensity Biovolume Lake Michigan Cyanopnyta 96.9 52.0 94.7 2.1 85.6 0.4 96.2 9.4 (1. 10. 11. 12, 25) Chloroomyta 0.0 0.0 4.0 97.7 7.0 98.9 2.3 81.6 Bacillariophyta Centric 0.1 1.5 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 Bac111ariconyta-Pennate 3.0 46.4 1.3 0.7 7.4 0.7 1.5 8.5 Total percent 99.9 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 25 25 ;2 22 No. taxa 14 14 18 18 Warstore Pond Cyanophyta 62.3 0.6 84.9 2.9 91.8 20.4 6.8 0.0 l17. 19. 21) Chlorophyta 8.1 22.6 7.1 65.6 3.8 51.2 46.3 30.5 Bac111ariophyta-Centric 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 0.1 1.2 2.9 17.3 Bacillariophyta-Pennate 28.2 75.1 5.1 24.1 4.1 26.7 29.3 47.7 Total percent 98.6 98.3 5'.3 9.' . 5 99.8 99.5 100.0 95.5 No. taxa 36 36 31 31 34 34 33 33 9 2-42 science services division l
l l A The density of Chlorophyta (green algae) in Lake Michigan was relative low. The green algae reached a peak density in August 1979 because of the high abundance of Stigeoclonium sp. Chlorophyta (green algae) dominated the periphyton biovolume during all months except April (Table 2-9), when Cyanophyta (blue green algae) ano Bacillariphyta (pennate diatoms) represented more 'han t 98 percent of the total periphyton biovolume (Table 2-9). In June, the green alga Ulothrix zonata made up 95.4 percent of the biovolume but only comprised 2.7 percent of the total density. In August, Ulothrix zonata was still present (11.4 percent), but 84.8 percent of the biovolume was made up of Rhizoclonium sp. Schizomeris sp. and Cladophora sp. contributed most of the biovolume in November, when they made up 27.4 percent and 60.3 percent, respectively. The pond stations showed seasonal fluctuations during ti19. Cyanophyta and pennate diatoms dominated total density in the first quarter, large blue-green algal blooms occurred in June and August, and Chlorophyta and pennate b d diatoms dominated density measurements in the last quarter. Although blue green algae dominated periphyton density over 1979, green algae and diatoms dominated biovolume (Table 2-9). Green algal species were present in ponds B and C; highest biovolume occurred in Pond C. Diatoms dominated biovolume estimates in Cowles Bog, but Tabellaria flocculosa was the only_ diatom dominant in ponds B and C. Oscillatoria sp. was the only blue green alga that contributed significantly to the biovolume. This species occurred in all the ponds, but was most abundant in Cowles Bog. Evaluation of the abundant diatom species present at each of the stations can indicate dif ferences in water quality that influence the biota. Most of the dominant (24 percent relative abundance) diatom species exhibited no con-sistent high or low relative abundance at any station (Table 2-10). The relative abundance of Cyclotella kutzingiana and Stephanodiscus astrea generally exhibited higher relative abundances at the thermal plume station (Station 10) than at other stations, and Achnanthes minutissima usually had j lower relative abundances at Station 10 . San at other stations. During August V and November, Rhoicosphenia curvata was most abundant at the non plume l
- 2-u **'*a****r***d*"
l
O Table 2-10 Percent Composition of Dominant
- Periphyton Diatoms in Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 1979 April June August November Taxon Station: 1 10 11 12 25 1 10 11 12 25 1 10 il 12 25 1 10 11 12 25 Centrales Cyclotella kutzin g na~ 12.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.0 14.0 6.5 0.5 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.8 Melloil~ra filiridica 5.9 0.5 Mellastra sp. 17.7 1.0 Ste hanatiscus astrea -
0.3 1.0 3.8 13.6 1.4 40.6 2.5 5.5 0.8 0.5 1.5 1.7 S. ' a n tz sc h il - 4.2 2.3 Step'TianodIscus sp. 1.0 11.6 8.6 0.3 0.3 Pennales Achnanthes linearts 5.8 0.5 2.5 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 2.8 5.1 0.5 1.0 1.0 A7inTrstTislina 3.9 1.0 19.3 2.5 97.3 0.5 11.4 1.5 0.3 20.0 2.3 41.5 8.0 1.7 53.6 21.4 53.7 Achnanthes sp. 4.4 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.5 Ananoneis vitrea 0.7 6.1 fymtielTa aifinis 2.8 0.3 10.5 1.0 1.7 C. mTcrocephili~ 4.4 0.3 1.0 5.9 2.5 0.8 3.2 0.5 C. ininuta 1.3 4.5 0.3 g C.'pfojtrata 7.4 1.0 0.5 3.6 0.I 1.3 0.3 0.5 1.9 0.3
- Diatoma tenue 3.9 1.3 27.2 18.2 5.4 0.3 19.5 18.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 0.8 e DT vulgare 4.9 3.0 0.6 0.5 2.4 0.3 4.0 3.6 22.4 1.5 3.2 1.4
- fra 2.8 0.5 22.3 1.5 F.~jilarlacrotonensis a9 1.3 2.0
- f. pinnata vaucheriae 48.2 2.8 39.6 58.7 15.4 74.1 10.0 1.0 74.0 17.9 34.5 46.0 61.5 72.0 25.0 40.0 29.1 23.3 45.0 26.3 IrajiTarTa sp. 23.9 7.0 9.0 1.0 ph6nEIT herculeana 18.5 0.3
@Canphonema angustatum 5.9 3.4 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.0 C olivaceum 22.7 1.3 0.8 7.2 9.5 3.5 G. tenelluii~ 14.5 0.5 2.5 0.8 Comphonema sp. 12.7 1.3 5.4 0.3 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.8 9.1 0.5 1.0 2.1 0.5 Navicula costulata 4.3 N. cryptocephala 3.9 7.7 0.5 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 2.9 1.3 0.8 1.3
,., Navicula sp. 6.5 5.8 3.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 N{tischTa fonticola 0.7 8.0 0.5 4.2 3.5 2.3 0.3 2.7 9.4 4.5 1.0 0.3 2 k. dissIpata 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.3 4.0 Nitisch~la sp. 6.9 0.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 3 -~
R5Tchosphenia curvata 2.9 2.2 1.0 13.0 0.3 0.3 6.0 27.3 2.4 0.5 6.0 6.G y TaleXarFiloccuinsa 1.0 0.5 0.3 13.1 1.5 0.8 0.3 n , S Equal to or greater than 4 percent at any station. 2 is b 1 W. 3 O O O
p) L p) q G f%. O Table 2-11 Percent Composition of Dominant
- Periphyton Diatoms, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1979 April June August November Taxon Pond B Pond C Cowles Boq Pond B Pond C Cowles Boq Pond B Pond C Cowles Boq Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Centrales Me11ostra varians -
4.0 6.5 Pehdiles Achnanthes hungarica 2.5 11.0 0.8 AT~lanceoTaia 0.7 7.9 0.3 6.0 0.5 6.7 A. 1Fn irl I 7.3 1.1 A. minutisilma 32.4 34.9 46.2 12.4 1.6 0.3 27.7 12.6 10.6 Achnanthes sp! 4.8 1.5 0.5 0.5 Anomone W serians 4.0 2.6 3.0 1.5 1.5 3.7 A'~v'I t rea
. 2.0 1.0 2.4 6.8 3.1 53.0 30.5 6.4 2.4 Cp 6d11a~~microcephala-~ 1.0 0.4 0.5 9.5 0.8 2.4 Eundila curvata 0.5 0.8 1.0 9.2 6.1 3.5 E. pecttRaITi- 0.5 2.4 11.5 15.6 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.7 funotfa sp. 1.0 1.3 1.5 4.1 0.5 0.5 Frijiliriacrotonensis 23.3 37.1 1.0 g FTvaucheriae 4.5 5.8 6.9 e f. caWclW~ 0.3 42.4 4.0 22.9 e I. construens 4.7 0.3
- IrustUlfi rhomboides 1.5 0.3 4.7 9.7 6.7 0.8 0.5 Qomphonemaan2ustata 30.4 2.0 3.5 7.5 G. parvulum 10.0 Qamphonemasp. 0.5 0.3 2.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 6.0 21.8 Meridion circulare 7.6 0.3 Naviculi ~ intma~~~ 5.0 N. radiosa 0.5 1.5 4.0 0.5 0.7 ititiscTiTi frustalum 1.0 4.0 N. palia- 1.1 0.3 1.5 10.5 0.3 NitzschTa sp. 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.4 2.1 0.5 2.5 0.5 2.1 5.4 FiWnT2TirTa sp. 0.3 1.0 5.0 3.1 0 Synedra delicatissima 1.0 26.0 33.5 1.5 5.0 3.9 H S. Tiisciculata 44.4 ei S. UTna 10.4 1.3 8.1 0.6 3 Tabelliria flocculosa 14.9 7.8 10.6 7.2 9.5 0.8 2.0 3.1 56.7 O
O
- g Equal to or greater than 4 percent at any station, a
E O O I O G 3 1
o stations 1, 12, and 25. The only non-diatom species that showed a trend of low abundance at the plume stations (10 and 11) was the green alga Ulothrix zonata. No periphyron species exhibited abundances at nuisance levels in the plume area, and only Roichosphenia curvata, Achnanthes minutissima, and Ulothrix zonata appeared to have inhibited growth in the plume area. Diatom composition in ponds B and C was similar, but as expected, differed somewhat from that in Cowles Bog (Table 2-11). Although some of the water quality data indicate a possibility of leaching from ash-settling ponds into Pond B (Texas Instruments 1980), this change in water quality does not appear to have influenced the periphyton community. 2.1.3.5 Periphyton Chlorophyll a. Spring periphyton chlorophyll a, values in Lake Michigan were lower than in 1978 but similar to 1976 (Figure 2-16). Highest values have occurred in August during all years. Differences among years are probably due to natural variation and because the seasonal samples collect. algae from different growth phases each year. Fond chlorophyll a_ values were highest in August, while during all previous years of the study, values were lowest during August. There was no apparent reason for this change, although the samples during August 1979 could have collected unusually large " clumps" of algae. 2.1.3.6 Periphyton Statistical Analysis. Due to the heterogeneity of the substrates at the lake stations, statistical comparisons between data cells were deemed invalid. Qualitative comparisons involving relative abundance and dominant taxa were discussed previously. Comparisons have also been made using a similarity index (Odum 1971), which is calculated as follows: 2C
- s. A+B where S = Similarity index A = Number of species in sample A l B = Number of species in sample B C = Number of species common to both samples 2-46 science services division ,
1
(l1 l i' l o O l
- V O
, N r
G U A 9 9 7 7 9 1 9 1
- N U
J 6 7 9 1
=A R P
a e r A y 1l V 0l l d t S u y _GU l A l i 8 a 7 B N 9 U1 , J s n o R i P t A a r t n O _ VO li e c n o N C a _ l _ GU l A y
- h n p 9 o
_m 1 r i J o
- l h
C R P A n y l2 o t _ y _ S h _ N p O i _ I T A r _ T S _OV e 5 P N A G I 0 N O P n N H E C R 6 I M O H _GU 1 _ E. R A - _ A P A E _ n, 2 _ L N 9 1 e _ _NU r u n J i g F R
~ A P
9 a i 6 s 4 3 i s i g 3 1 2 1 i i 0 1 3 g !o$ ,. j88,5 O - k$ g ee{noe b< O3 fC c _
o The limits of the similarity index are 0 to 1, where 0 indicates complete dissimilarity and 1 equals equivalence. The similaricy index between 1978 and 1979 Lake Michigan species was 0.64. The similarity index for the ponds was 0.59. Ir both the lake and the ponds there were more species collected in both years than the number collected in only one year. The species that were collected in only one of the years were generally those that were collected in low densities and have not been collected regularly during the previous years of this study. 2.2 ZOOPLANKTON 2.
2.1 INTRODUCTION
. The present survey represents the sixth year of baseline data accumulation designed to determine and document existing ecological conditions at the site and in the immediate vicinity of the Bailly Generating Station in order to assess any po s sible ulterations in the zooplankton community. As early as the late 1800s, information describing this component of the Lake Michigan ecosystem was being compiled. In recent years, the quantity and quality of this work has increased. Since 1966, synoptic sampling in Lake Michigan has intensified, producing more in fo rmat ion on zoor.ankton dis-tribution and abundance (Robertson 1966; Beeton 1970; Roth end Stewart 1973; Watson 1974; Beeton, Torke, Brooks, and Bowers 1975; Gannon 1974; and Evans and Stewart 1977). Much additional in format ion describing zooplankton population dynamics and regulatory mechanisms affecting community s t ruc t ure in Lake Michigan has been published (McNaught 1966, Norden 1968, Wells 1970, Patalas 1972, and Gannon 1972). The following subsections present data describing seasonal and annual fluctuations in zooplankton abundance, composition, and species occurrence. Spatial distribution is also described for zooplankton at ten Lake Michigan stations (1-10) and five stations (17-21) located in nearshore, interdunal ponds (Pond B, Pond C, and Cowles Bog) . O 2-48 science services division
o i / V 2.2.2 METHODOLOGY. Zooplankton were sampled regularly once during April, June, August, and November 1979 at each of ten lake stations and at each of five stations in three ponds (Table 2-1). Due to inclement we athe r , November samples were collected during the first week of December. Lake samples were collected by the vertical haul of a No. 25 mesh, 0.5-meter-diameter plankton net (Texas Instruments 1975), and pond samples were collected with a 6-liter Van Dorn sampler. During 1979, 240 zooplankton samples were collected. All samples were processed as previously described (Texas Instruments 1975). In sum, four replicate samples per station were transferred from the net or the Van Dorn bottle to 1-liter polyethylene bottles, narcotized with a Lugo l' s rose bengal dye solution, and subsequently fixed with buffered formalin. A minimum of 200 organisms (EPA 1973) was enumerated as representative of the sample. If 200 organisms were encountered midway through analysis of a sub-sj s ample , the remaining subsample was completed. If zooplankton in a sample were sparse, the entire sample was analyzed. Re ference keys and pertinent literature used in establishing field and laboratory procedures and taxa identifications inclnded Wilson (1932), Pennak (1953, 1963, 1978), Usinger (1956), Ward and httpple (1959), Brooks (1957), and UNESCO (1968). Statistical analyses were pe r formed on zooplankton data according to the methodology presented in subsection 2.1.3.3. 2.2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 2.2.3.1 Introduction. The data presented and discussed in this report represent parameters chosen to characterize the zooplankton community in the Bailly study area of Lake Michigan from April 1979 to November 1979. A checklist of zooplankton occurrences seasonally during 1979 and annually from 1974 through 1979, as well as figurative and tabular data characterizing
) seasonal variations in the relative numerical abundance of zooplankton, appears in Tables 2-12 through 2-15 and Figures 2-17 through 2-24.
2-49 science services division
O 2.2.3.2 Zooplankton Occurrence. Through the three seasons [ spring (April), summer (June and August), and fall November)) of 1979, 63 taxa were identified from Lake Michigan and 73 from the interdunal ponds (Table 2-12). Previous years (1974-1978) yielded 69, 55, 49, 44, and 50 taxa, respectively, for Lake Michigan stations (Table 2-13). The interdunal ponds (Pond B, Pond C, and Cowles Bog) yielded 96, 93, 87, 57, and 69 taxa, respectively, for years 1974 through 1978 (Table 2-13). During 1979, the most abundant organisms, the bosminid cladocerans and immat ure (cope podid) copepods, represented more than 75 percent of the population during all sampling periods in Lake Michigan. Other abundant (>2 percent cf the population) were Chydorus sp., several species of Diaptomus, Daphnia galeata mendotae, D_. retrocurva, Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, and Nematoda at the lake stations. Fourteen taxa from the ponds attained greater than 2 percent relative abundance. The following taxa each comprised more than five percent of the total population: Chydorus sp., Alona rectangula, Alona sp., Ceriodaphnia sp. , cyclopoid copepodids, and Nematoda. As in previous years, basic habitat dif ferences between lake and pond stations were manifest in the respective community structures. Certain tittoral species of Macrothic idae cladocerans were strictly limited to the shallow, enclosed habitats of the pond stations. Also more prevalent in the weedy, shallower, pond habitats were the various chydorid cladocerans. The largs limnetic copepod Limnocalanus macrurus was again most prevalent in the de e pe r , more open waters characteristic of the lake stations. The Index of Similarity (Odum 1971) is useful in comparing one community with another, either spatially or temporally; it makes maximum use of information contained in species occurrence data by comparing the number of taxa in community A ( A) with the number of taxa in community B (B) and the number of taxa common to both (C) by the following relationship: 2C S (similarity) = A+B The index ranges from 0 to 1, and any value greater than 0.5 indicates that the two communities were more similar than dissimilar. A comparison of Lake Michigan and nearshore pond zooplankton communities of 1974 through 1979 is illustrated in Figure 2-17. 2-50 science services division
O O O Table 2-12 Zooplankton Occurrence, Bailly Study Area, 1979 FET (LAKE) & BOTTLE (POND) LAKE (1,2) Pot 1DS (3.4.51 SPR SUN FAL SPR SUM FAL LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 0 CtlIDARIA (TOTAL) 1 EURYCERCUS LANELLATUS 12 12 0 HYDR 0ZOA 1 ALCitELLA EXCISA 3 1 HYDRA ( LPIL) 1 12 5 1 AL0ttELLA (LPIL) 34 6 HYDRA (LPIL) 3 1 5 1 GRAPTOLEDERIS TESTUDINARIA 34 3 19 HYDRA (LPIL) 1 5 3 1 LEYDIGIA QUADRAT 1GULARIS 13 19 Ct410 ARIA (LPIL) 1 5 1 LEYDIGIA LEYDIGI 1 0 PLAT)HELHIHTHES (TOTAL) 1 PLEUROXUS DENTICULATUS 4 345 34 1 TURBELLARIA (LPIL) 1 5 1 PLEUROXUS TRIGONELL(,S 5 6 PLAHAPIIDAE (LPIL) 5 1 PLEUROXUS P90CURVUS 35 0 GASTROTRICHA (TOTAL) 6 CHYDORIDAE ( LPIL) 1 4 5 23 i 19 GASTROTRICHA ( LPIL) 5 1 CHYDORIDAE ( LPIL) 1 34 5 0 NEMAToDA (TOTAL) 0 DAPHt4IDAE g 1 HEMATODA ( LPIL) 12345 12345 345 1 DAPHNIA ANBIGUA 12 1 0 OLIGOCHAETA (TOTAL) 1 DAPHNIA GALEATA HENDOTAE 1 12 12 y 0 HAIDIDAE 1 DAFHillA RETROCURVA 12 12 1 CHAETOGASTER (LPIL) 1 135 34 1 DAPHHIA PULEX 1 1 NAIDIDAE (LPIL3 123 5 1 345 34 19 HAIDIDAE (LPIL) 12 45 1 OLIGOCHAETA (LPIL) 1 5 19 OLIGOCHAETA ( LPIL) 3 Legend: 0 GASTROPODA (TOTAL) 1 GASTROPOOA (LPIL) 5 LS = Life stage 0 ARACHt4IDA (TOTAL) 0 = Summary level O PR0 STIGMATA 1 = Adult 19 HYDRACARIHA ( LPIL) 135 34 2 - Larva 0 1 HYDRACARIHA ( LPIL) 45 6 = Immature Q 0 CLADOCERA (TOTAL) 13 = Nymph 0 BOSMItlIDAE 44 1234 1234 12345 14 = Copepodid 3 1 COSHIllIDAE'(LPIL)
%$ 0 CHYDORIDAE 19 = Undetermined 0 1 AlonA RECTANGULA 3 12345 345 20 = Mixed 0 1 ALOttA AFFINIS 3 1 345 3 1 ALOllA COSTATA 34 3 Spring = April samplinD
_ 1 AL0tlA CUADRAt!GULARIS 13 3 Sunner = June and August sampling u 1 ALOllA It1TERttEDIA 1 Fall = November sampling O 1 ALOlIA GUTTATA 34 0 1 ALO lA (LPIL) 1 1 34 34 a 0 Ato:A (tpIt) 1 Location 1 = Near-field stations 1-6 and 10 I 6 ALO!!A (LPIL) 3 Location 2 = Far-field stations 7-9 t3 1 CAttPTOCERCUS RECTIROSTRIS 34 34 Location 3 = Pond B G 1 CHYDORUS (LPIL) 12345 12345 345 Location 4 = Pond C 3 1 KURZIA LATISSIMA 345 4 Location 5 = Cowles Bog
Table 2-12 (Contd) o NET (LAKE 3 8 BOTTLE (P0ilD3 LAKE (1,2) P0tOS ( 3.4.51 SPR SUM FAL SPR SUt1 FAL LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 1 DAPHNIA CATAMBA 1 14 CALANOID: (LPIL) 123 1234 1234 6 DAPHilIA (LPIL) 12 123 1 0 CYCLOPOID4 (TOTAL) 1 DAPH!lIA (LPIL) 12 12 3 1 CYCLOPS DICUSPIDATUS THOMASI 12 45 12 123 1 SIMOCEPHALUS VETULUS 5 45 1 CYCLOPS VARICANS RUCELLUS 45 45 1 SITIOCEPHALUS SERRULATUS 45 1 CYCLOPS VERNALIS 123 5 12345 123 1 SIM0CEPHALUS ELPIL) 5 345 3 1 C) CLOPS (LPIL) 2 5 4 6 SIttOCEPHALUS ( LPIL) 5 1 EUCYCLOPS AGILIS 1 345 345 345 1 CERIODAPHilIA ( LPIL) 1 345 1 EUCYCLOPS PRI0tlOPHORUS 3 35 1 MOINA (LPIL) 4 1 EUCYCLOPS SPERATUS 4 1 45 4 6 DAPHNIDAE (LPIL) 1 3 1 MACROCYCLOPS ALBIDUS 5 34 4 0 HOLOPEDIDAE 1 NACROC) CLOPS ATER 4 1 HOLOPEDIUM GIBBERUM 12 12 1 t1ES0 CYCLOPS EDAX 345 3 6 il0LOPEDIUN ( LPIL) 1 1 NESOCYCLOPS LEUKARTI 45 6 HOLOPEDIDAE ( LPIL) 2 14 ftES0 CYCLOPS ( LPIL) 4 0 LEPTODORIDAE 1 NES0 CYCLOPS ( LPIL) 5 1 LEPTODORA KINDTII 1 1 TROP 0 CYCLOPS PRASIllUS 45 6 LEPTODORA KIllDTII 1 1 TROPCCYCLOPS PRASINUS HEXICAHA 12 6 LEPTODORIDAE ( LPIL) 2 1 TROP 0 CYCLOPS ( LPIL) 1 12 ra 0 MACROTHRICIDAE 14 CYCLOPOIDA (LPIL) 12345 12345 12345 & 1 ILYOCRYPTUS SORDIDUS 1 1 34 1 CYCLOPOIDA (LPIL) 1 3 na 1 ILYCRYPTUS SPINIFER 4 3 0 HARPACTICOIDA (TOTAL) 1 MACROTilRIX ROSEA 4 6 LO!1GIPEDIA (LPIL) 2 6 NACROTilRIX (LPIL) 4 1 HARPACTICOIDA ( LPIL) 123 5 5 5 1 tlACROT!!RIX (LPIL) 4 14 HARPACTICOIDA ( LPIL) 12345 1 5 1 345 1 EUMOPS SEPRICAUDATA 4 0 HARPACTICOIDA ( LPIL) 1 6 MACROTHRICIDAE ( LPIL) 2 0 ISOPC3A (TOTAll O ASELLIDAE 0 POLYPHEMIDAE , 1 POLYPHEMUS PEDICULUS 1 1 ASELLUS (LPIL) 5 i 0 SIDIDAE 0 AMPHIPODA (TOTAL) 1 SIDA CRYSTALLINA 3 0 HAUSTCRIIDAE 1 DIAPHA!!OS0t1A LEUCHTENCERGIANUM 34 6 PONTOPOREIA (LPIL) 1 O 1 DI APH ANOSOMA ( LPIL) 1234 0 HYALELLIDAE
- b. 6 SIDIDAE (LPIL) 1 3 1 HYALELLA AZTECA 5 f' O OSTRACODA (10TAL) 6 AMPHIPODA ( LPIL) I 19 OSTRACODA ( LPIL) 1 345 345 345 0 EPHEllEROPTERA (TOTAL) h 1 03TR& CODA ( LPIL) 3 4 0 CAENIDAE Q 13 CAENIDAE (LPIL) 0 COPEPODA (TOTAL) 45 4 34 g 13 EPilEt1EROPTERA ( LPIL) 3 345 t) O CALANOIDA (TOTALi 9 1 DIAP10MUS OREG0tlENSIS 1 12 0 DIPTERA llEllATOCERA (TOTAL)
I 1 DIAPTOMUS ASHLANDI 12 12 12 0 CHIRON0!110AE 1 DIAPT01:US PALLIDUS 12 34 3 2 CHIRONO!1IDAE (LPIL3 12345 1 345 345 N 12 12 12 6 CHIRCNO;1IDAE (LPIL) 13 rj 1 DIAPTOMUS SICILIS 12 1 DIAPTOttUS HINUTUS 12 12 3 CHIROM0:1IDAE iLPIL) 4 g 1 0 TARDIGRADA (TOTAL)
- 1 DIAPTottUS ( LPIL) i 1 EURYTEt10RA AFFINIS 1 12 1 TARDIGRADA ( LPIL) 12 U, 1 lit 210CALAtlUS ttACRURUS 12 12 12 19 TARDIGRADA ( LPIL) 3 0 14 lit 210CALAtlUS HACRURUS 1 ,
3 1 EPISCHURA LACUSTRIS 1 12
# # 9
m O (v) t Q) o Table 2-13 Zooplankton Occurrence, Lake Michigan and Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 1974- 1975 1976 1977 g,73 g,79 uke uke us. use i,ase a, Tason Michigan , Fonda , Michigan, Fonde Michigan, Fonda Michigan 3 Ponds Michigan Punds Michigan p.m.f 4 Coelenterate Hydrosca S S Sp Sp S
]Iyyd ss. Sp S F W Sp S Sp 5 F . Sp F Sp F Sp Sp S F Sp S Sp 5 F Hydra amerscana g g g Coelenterata (unidentsfied)
Rotatoria Sp Bivalvia Sphaerium sp. 5 Planaridae Sp Sp Sp F
$1valvia tunidentitled)
Flatyhelminthes S F Turbellaria (unidenttiled) S S F Flanartidae (unidentifled) F Castrotricha Sp* 5 F Sp S Sp S F Sp S F Sp S Sp* S F Sp 5 F Sp S F Sp 5 F Sp* S F Nematoda Sp S F W F.ctnprocta (Statoblast) Sp W Sp S Annelida Sp b ididae Sp S F Sp S F SP S e S F Maldidae (unidentified) Sp S W Sp S Sp $ F Sp S Sr S F Sp S S F Sp S SP Sp S F Chaey gaster op. F W Sp g Sp SP g Tubtilcidae 8 8 u ullgochaeta (unidentified) P W Crustacea (uandent if ied) $ , 3 , 3 Cladocera (unident if led) W SP S F Sp S F Sp* $8 F* Sp* S* F* Sp S* F Sp S* F SP S* F* Sp S* F Sp $* F* Sp S F i idae (unidentified) y , Eubcomin,g op.** gp g , g , y
%smina longirostr is** y B. sp.**
Chyderidae F Chydoridae (unidentified) 3 S S F Aero m us h ya~ae S F S Sp S F S Sp 5 F SP S F S Sp S F Xio'~na affinis S F S F W SP S F S F W SP S Sp S F S So S F $ 5 S F 1 7 stata S F S F S F F F
- i. guttata F F S F Sp S F Sp SP $
- i. gnadrangularia S F S ',p 5 Fe S Sp S F S Sp S pa g Sp S pe
[.rectangula FW 0 8 SP Sp S S O A. Intermedia Sp S F Sp S F Sp S Sp 5 F Sp S Fp 5 g p Sp S g y. A. sp. S F S F W S Sp p Alonella sp. g y g A. caclea, S F Sp S Sp S F Sp S F S S F Sp 5 F Se $ Q Camptocercus rectirostris Chydorus sphaericus S S W Sp Sp S F Spa $* F* Sp S Sp* S F* C. sp. S F S F Sp S F Sp 5 F Sp S Sp* S* F* Sp S F Sp* S* Fe S F S S F Sp S Sp 5 F Sp S Eurycercus lamellatus Sp $ F S,$ S F S S F S F SP S r h Craptoleberte testudinaria Kursia latissima S S S F S F SP S F S F F S S S Mdia paJrangularia W S S F S b leydigig Q k (
*heinant taxa.
**All B.wminidae f amily lumped in Bimminidae af ter 1974; no y,cuus level dist inc t ism made.
Ib uluter samples sollected in 1.ake Michigan.
]" 2No spring samples collected tu nearsleore ponds during 1974.,
spring <A,rii);$-sum , <;une. Au,ust); r - f.ii tactoi., or novem6e r); W - uinier treeru.,y o, Mar.-h) a SP 3
o e I F F F F F e d6 a SSS SS S S5 S S S 5S SSS S ut P P pp 9 S SS 7 9 1 >F F F n a eg k i SS S S S $ S ah 1ii p p P p P p p M S S S S 3 S S S FF FF F F FFF F a
- SS S S SS S S S S S S d
n o p p P p r S S S S 8 7 F F FF g F 9 1 n SSS S SS S S a ke ty pp p P ah SS S S I. h M F F F
- S l
S S SS S S S b S S SSS m u F p p p p 7 S S S S 7 9 1 Iua F F F e in SS S S S 4hs SS S S SS 5 1 i p p p H S S S ) d t F F FFF n J s
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S S S S 5 SS S S SS S C O P p p ( p S 6 S S 79 3 1
- 1 Ina FF FF F
- eg S S S k i SSS $ S S S 2
aht
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9 1 F
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- t. t pp pp p p i pp S S H SS SS SS s W W W W W W W d
n F F F y y o F F FFFFFF F F r S S S S S SS S S S S 4 S S S S 7 9 1 F F y ina F FFF F F F & es S S S S S S ki S S S S S S lah i
-t p p p p p p S S M S S S S
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l u i i fid s s num isua t l l e y p s o f i m t n t u na s u i n e. u u t n e e n t u e ec J r t l n a a a h n r o u
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c i c l u lo. a m d w b n t 1ne us r i sa i a e i l, u d u t a d b i r dt tut s pal a t t m s n l. ( n ( s s a c e nn u es a a s s u u g e n l i p eb n eeI s bt d iyvu iaut ga . m i_
=
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.Ji e erfhhh r rt 6r l t 4 oarlucert eep .ii da eoI oad at
.ib t l l nrl rh .d nd ppp o 1c Pc Po oppepeh e T i ruut r r pil rd u gr u e shp nac m iggl a a_ppt o a sna u e cn apoh lk a osvsl eoae pd t t t e2o 'a
- r r s n oh p]y a pl ppl .i opoor c d a
.lo.iaot.i...A1loyt Ntp I. rt - ly r ye nr p m s er . . u y oii .
o .h Jy (mlFP . F p (:e CCCDDiDD9DDDDMMMSESSSSS
. . . a . f . . . . . . o jl a aa c c S ? I l' l. .mMMslP,d I
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\ d V Table 2-13 (Contd) 1974 1975 1976 1977 g973 3979 Lake take take Lake take Lake Td** Michigan 8 Ponds 4 MichinamI l'ond o Mithigant Ponds MichiganI FunJe Michigan Ponds Michigan Ponds Sididee (Contd)
D. sp. S S S F S F S F SP S Sp Sp 5 F S S latona sp F L. settfera F S Latonopsis % . F Sid3 gry tallina F S P Sp S F S S Std6J.e (unidentifieJ) Sp S Copepoda Calanoida (unident if ied) S S Calanoid copepodiJs F F W Sp 5 F Sp S F Sp* 58 F* Sp* S* F SP* S8 F* Sp 5 F Sp* $8 F* Sp S F Sp* S' F* Sp S* F CentropaSidae Llampcalanus macrurus S Sp F Sp SP Sp Sp S F S Sp g F Omphrenticum ,labronet tum Sp F $ Diaptamidaa DJ ptonsas ashla_n_dj S F F W Sp S F Sp $ F Sp* 5 F* Sp* S F Sp* 8 F Sp F Spa S F Sp F Sp* S F* D. hifS?! SP D. cy vipoldes S D. lept pug S D. minutus sp S F S F Sp S F Sp S F Sp* S F Sp 5 SP S F Sp spa S F y Sp e g y D. cregonensis S F S F W Sp 5 F Sp S F Sp S F Sp S F Sp S F Sp S Sp F* F Sp F* D pallidus S F S W Sp S F S F S F $ Sp S F D pygmaiug S S N l D ret Sh*d i S 8 5 Ut D. sicitoiden . SP $ F Sp Sp M D. sicilis S F W Sp S Sp S F Spa S F Sp Sp F Sp Sp* S F Sp S F D. sp. 'Sp S F $ F W Sp Sp S F S F Sp Pseudocalan1Jae Senecella calanoides F Tenocidae E2 1schura lacustris S P S F S F F S F $ $ F S F $ F E. nevadensis Sp $ F F S E. sp Sp F hryleneraaffinis Sp S F Sp 5 F Sp S F S F S F S F S S y E. sp. SP Cyclopolda CyclopolJ coPePodids S F S F W Sp S F Sp S F Sp* S* F* Sp* S* F* Sp se F* Sp* $* F* Spe se p. spe g. y. Sp. g. y. $p. g. p. Cyclopoldae (unident i f led) SP SP Sp 5 Sp S C3Qps bicuspiJatus SP S F S F W SP S F Sp S F Sp* S Fe Sp S F Sp* $ F Sp F Sp* $* F Sp S F Sp S F* Sp y Q thomasi (4 C estils FW
= C. nearcticus S fl E. varicans S 5 I ~
rubellus O C. varicane F S Sp Sp S O C. Unusteides So g C. vernalis Sp S F S W Sp S Sp S F Sp S F Sp S F S Sp S F Sp S F Sp S F Sp S F Sp S F g C. sp. SP S F $ F W Sp Sp S S y gp g, g Ectocycy pe phaleratus F
, Eucyclops gQis, s S W F $ F Sp Sp 5 F S y S sp g y g, g, g y y E. prionorphus S W Sp S S F S S y S S F Sp S f) [E g ratus S W SP S F S F S S S r S Sp S y W 8 Q E. sp.
Macracyclops sp. SP h48 M. albidus M. ater S S W Sp $ F S F S F F Sp S F Sp 5 F S nm
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T*.le 2-13 (Contd) -o 1974 1975 1976 1977 197M 1979 take I.ak e imke Lake take Me Taaun ..is h & Fan 8 P..nJ s #. Mithigan I Pos.Js Michigan k Ponds Michigan I P.mJas Michigan PonJa Mithigan Ponds Cytopuidae (unidentifled) (ContJ) M. d is t inc t us W Menocyc_Iop_s l sp. S Sp M. da m S F S F Sp 5 S SP F Sp S Sp M. leuc ha r t i S Sp S S S orthocyclops modestus Sp S S Parac yc lops f im_ br iatus W Sp F S F F E'?ff'_A Tropocvelops sp. W 5 Sp S T. pras.inus r F S F W Sp S F S F Sp S F* Sp S F S T. prasinus mexicanus S Sp S F S F S F F D Orpacticoida
! s trrdid "P+
Sp b rp.seticoida sopepodid hr pac t icoida t un tJent i f ie<1) Sp S F Sp S F $ *SF Sp S S F W Sp S F Sp S Sp* S F Sp S F Sp* S F Sp S Sp* S F Sp Ostracoda F S F W Sp S Sp S F Sp*S p Sp S Sp* Sa F S F Sp S* F Sp Sp* S F Sp Sp *S* p Detapoda S Amphipuda S Gamunar idae Sp Sp Sp F Cd ?drus ap. S S Talitridae g 1lyallela artn a W Sp S S Sp g 4.aus t or idae til P0"E ff*Fe_i_4 d.I!.1.sfg Sp @ Sp *ip haphi..poda (unlJentified) Sp Inupuda Sp A ellidae Asellus sp. W Sp A r.e( ha i d.4 HyJ r acar .e . sp. Sp F S W Sp Sp S F Sp $ Sp S S S Sp S Sp S Sp Sp $ Inaet t a S Sp Ephema.uptera iphemerortera (nymph) S F Sp S F $ S S Sp S naet ida. S F S S Sp $ Caenidae eun t.h nt i f led ) W S F Sp S F Sp S 59 5F ('aeni s sp. Sp S Hemiptera S Cor inidae (nymph) S S isipt era S Sp 5 Sp S F
', Diptera (larvae) W 5 F
- 1) t'h i r oswe ida e F 3 Chir onomidae (larvae) Sp S F S F W Sp S Sp S S Sp 58 S Sp S F Sp S F Sp S F Sp S Sp S F b) Charunonidae ( pop.s.- ) S O thf orw ta W Coenagrlon!Jae "
g Sp Sp
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8 l 1974 l = SAMPLING YEAP , S VALUE Figure 2-17. Index of Similarity for Zooplankton Communities, q Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 G' The data suggest that the zooplankton communities are similar from year to year, but the degree of similarity fluctuates somewhat. A trend of decreas-ing similarity of the lake zooplankton community from 1974 to 1979 was evi-dent from similarity calculations. The variation observed in the zooplankton communities is due primarily to the variable nature of collecting low abundance species, principally cladocerans and copepods. Many of the less abundant taxa collected intermittently are species associated with the bottom substrates, and there fore are not collected in abundance with plankton sampling techniques. No shifts in major community components are apparent from 1974 to 1979. 2.2.3.3 Numerical Abundance. Zooplankton abundance in Lake Michigan reflected different seasonal patterns between near-field s ations (1-6 and
- 10) and far-field stations (7-9) (Table 2-14). Zooplankton densities peaked in August at the far-field stations with bosminid cladocerans the most numerous, whereas densities at the near-field stations peaked in November.
(] Density values ranged from a low of 634 per cubic meter at Station 9 in April to a high of 33,239 cubic meters at Station 8 in August. This range is con-siderably lower than observed in 1978 but similar to 1977. The maximum 2-57 science services division
O Table 2-14 Zooplankton Density, Bailly Study Area,1979 Station Apr Jun Aug Nov Lake Michigan (No./m3) 1 1,910 11,105 7,180 30,509 2 826 4,018 13,680 14,298 3 900 11,324 13,689 14,642 4 1,633 1,554 9,965 26,319 5 862 8,063 20,577 13,535 6 1,072 22,318 15,580 16,370 7 1,250 1,396 25,806 26,318 8 1,031 8,025 33,239 19,901 9 634 18,223 16,790 10,402 10 1,950 18,813 8,932 22,197 Nearfield i 1-6, 10 1,450 12,757 11,941 20,251 Farfield i 7-9 972 9,215 25,278 18,874 Pond (No./t) 17 10.2 631.6 0.17 304.8 18 3.0 812.1 0.12 60.7 19 4.7 1,673.3 0.23 520.9 20 2.7 501.6 0.23 568.7 Cowles 8og 21 50.0 471.1 0.20 22.4 Pond B i 17-18 6.6 721.8 0.14 182.7 Pond C i 19-20 3.7 1,087.5 0.23 544.8 h observed density was 214,722 cubic meters in 1978 (Texas Instruments 1979). Densities during 1979 were generally similar or with small, variable dif ferences among the depth centours (Figure 2-18) . As in previous years, pond densities were significantly higher than lake zooplankton den-ity except during August, when relatively low pond densities were observed (Table 2-14, Figure 2-19 ) . Values ranged from a low o f 0.12 per liter (120 per cubic meter ) in August at Station 18 to a high of 1,673 per liter (1,673,000 per cubic meter) at Station 19 in June. Densities in the ponds peaked in June (Figure 2-20 ) . Densities in Cowles Bog were generally lower than those observed in ponds B or C as in previous years. There was no obvious reason for the extremely low densities observed during August 1979; high densities have usually occurred in August (Figure 2-20 and 2-21). O 2-58 science services division
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I 6 O are aun atis 1975 nov ls are sun aus 1976 ar>v l l are aun ats 1977 nov l g 1978 now ara Juii aus 1979 now 4 0 0 0 Q Figure 2-20. Zooplankton Density, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 . 5 o . O E i o
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' O 0 ,- i e i i i i i JUN AUG NOV ArR Figure 2-21. Average Zooplankton Density, Lake Michigan and Nearshore Pond Stations, Bailly Study Area, Summed over 1975-1979 Comparison of 1979 seasonal density distribution patterns in Lake Michigan with previous years indicates that peak density usually occurred in August with annually varying intensity (Figure 2-19 ) . Density levels of annual maxima (lake mean) steadily declined from 1974 through 1977, increased
- considerably in 1978, and returned to levels similar to 1977 in 1979. The data in Figure 2-19 suggest a seasonal pattern characterized by a steady increase in density from April to August with a subsequent decline in November. This trend is similar to that described for adjacent areas within Lake Michigan (Roth and Stewart 1973). Temporal density variations in the ponds reflected much greater annual fluctuation than in Lake Michigan (Figure 2-20). Data collapsed over the 2-62 science services division
\j past five years (Figure 2-21) indicate a seasonal pattern of increasing densities from April to June with relatively high densities through November. 2.2.3.4 Percent Composition. Defining community structure and monitoring temporal variations in the community are essential in characterizing the ecosystem. Figuree 2-22 and 2-23 indicate temporal changes in relative (percent) abundance of the major taxa in Lake Michigan and nearshore ponds during this and previous studies in the Bailly study area. Table 2-15 presents relative abundance (percent) values for the major taxa during 1979. Zooplankton seasonal succession in Lake Michigan during 1979 generally displayed a similar pattern to previous years with diaptomid copepods, bosminid cladocerans, and cyclopoid copepodids as the most numerous organisms. However, fewer bosminids were collected during the fall sampling period of 1979. Calanoid copepodids dominated April and June 1979 fauna (60 and 38 percent, respectively) followed by bosminid cladocerans (84 percent) in August, and cyclopoid copepodids in November (57 percent). Calanoid V copepods (26 percent) were also abundant during November (Table 2-15). The pond zooplankton community also exhibited salient seasonal fluctuations in community structure. Harpacticoid copepods dominated in April, followed by Ceriodaphnia (Cladocera) in June, ostracods, cyclopoid ctpepods, and chydorids in August, and chydorid cladocerans in November (Table 2-15; Figure 2-23). The chydorid cladocerans were the second most numerous group in August and were dominant in November, comprising 78 percent of the total density. . Compared with previous years, 1979 Lake Michigan zooplankton community dynamics were similar to seasonal succession patterns observr' . cing all previous years except 1976 (Figure 2-22), isolating the 1976 ra- . -ar as atypical since it exhibited high relat0re abundance of cyclopo * ,,< o id s and relatively lower abundance of bosminid cladocerans during Auwt. One dif ference observed in the zooplankton community during 1979 was the higher abundance of calanoid copepodids relative to adult calanoids (Diaptomidae) (3 t) during April (Figure 2-22 ) . This may be due to sampling the population during an earlier growth stage. The seasonal succession pattern observed for 2-63 science services division
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i I i d i , i,hi, M J J A 5 0 N F M A M J A N A J A N A J A N A J A N A J A N 1914 1975 1976 1911 1978 3979 CVCLOPOID COPEPODIDS . DIAPTOMIDAE o g CALANOID COPEPODIDS CHYDORIDAE Q g 805MINIDAE OSTRAC00A n 3 L Figure 2-23. Percentage Composition of Important Zooplankton Forms, j o Nearshore Por ds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Q 1 8 o a 1 0 e 3
e 1974, 1975, 1977, and 1978 of this survey has been described previously for southern Lake Michigan by Roth and Stewart (1973). Table 2-15 Percent Composition of Major Zooplankton Forms, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Apr Jun Aug Nov Taxon Lake Ponds Lake Ponds Lake Ponds Lake Ponds Chydoridae <l 11 6 11 <1 19 <1 78 22 14 84 3 4 1 Bosminidae 3 <1 Ceriodaphnia sp. 0 0 <1 40 <1 10 0 0 Cyclopoid Copepodids 17 10 25 10 5 19 57 11 38 2 7 <1 15 <1 Calanoid Copepodids 60 <1
<1 <1 <1 11 <1 Diaptomidae 8 0 <1 0 <1 <1 <1 Harpacticoida <1 44 <1 <1 13 0 9 0 P.9 0 3 Ostracoda <1 90 80 92 86 96 80 88 94 Total %
42 33 35 51 22 38 21 36 No. Taxa Seasonal succession patterns in the nearshore ponds may be indicative of changes in the trophic condition within these po nd s . Compari::ons of seasonal succession patterns over the past six years (Figure 2-23) indicate several significant trends. Periods of peak bosminid dominance have decreaaed since 1975, no longer lasting until August as observed in 1974 and 1975. Concur-rently, chydorid cladocerans have steadily increased in percent composition since 1974 with chydorids occurring most heavily after the bosminids' short summer peak. Calanoid cope pod relative abundance has diminished not iceab ly from 1974 as well. The relative abundance of cyc lopo id cope podids has generally remained uni fo rm since 1976. Gliwicz (1969) noted that smaller species are more abundant in Polish lakes since they feed on smaller food particles that are more prevalent in eutrophic conditions. The general trend in the nearshore ponds indicated increasing numbers of smaller forms, most notably the chydorid cladocerans. Gannon (1972) indicates that Chydorus sphaericus often appears as a common plankter in eutrophic waters accompanying blue-green algal blooms. It should be emphasized, however, that while shifts in species composition of crustacean zooplankton may be indica-t ive of changes in the degree of eutrophy, similar shifts in species composition, and especially size-related shifts, can also be attributable to size-selective fish predation. Gannon (1972) states that it would be h 2-66 science se. vices division
O difficult to separate shifts in species composition due to size-selective predation or eutrophication. The more stable community structure observed in the lake suggests, as in previous years, that plant operation has a negligible influence on the major zooplankton components in Lake Michigan. Zooplankton community dynamics in the nearshore ponds indicates that shifts in major community components are occurring that may reflect increased eutrophication and/or fish predation. The degree (if any) to which plant operation is influencing this trend cannot be assessed at this time; however, similar trends observed in the literature suggest that this phenomenon is more related to natural limnological pro-cesses than plant operation. 2.2.3.5 Trophic Relationships. Although other factors are often in-fluential, food availability is important in regulating zooplankton community structure. In general, much in formation regarding the trophic interrela-tionships of zooplankton can be gained by observing those of the phyto-plankton; normaily, zooplankton abundance depends almost entirely on phytoplankton levels and reacts accordingly, but the system can exist only when the zooplankton abundance is free to fluctuate greatly and is not rigorously limited by predation (O' Brien and deNoyelles 1974). In a study by Lane and McNaught (1970) involving a mathematical analysis of Lake Michigan zooplankton niche s , food was considered the dominant factor in niche separation. While temperature controls crustacean growth and hatching rates (Elster 1954; Eichhorn 1957; as cited in Patatas 1972), food availability a f fect s the fertility of females (Edmondson 1965; Comita and Anderson 1959; as cited in Patalas 1972). Trends described earlier for Lake Michigan zooplankton in which densities have decreased during the 1975-1977 period may be closely related to phyto-plankton community dynamics rather than interactions from higher trophic levels. Figure 2-24 presents zoaplanktea and phytoplankton densities from 1975. through 1979 which indicate a steady increase in phytoplankton density concomitant with declining zooplanP -i abundance; however, zooplankton and O V phytoplankton abundance increased L.n 1978, indicating factors other than total phytoplankton abundance are influencing zooplankton abundance. Levels 2-67 science services division
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10 o ' ' 3 0 O A J A 4 A J A N A J A N A J A N A J A N 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 M0hTHS/ Y[ AR$ C Figure 2-24. Comparison of Phytoplankton Density and Zooplankton Density, Lake Michigan, 8 Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 1 N
=
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(b of blue-green algae increased steadily from 1974 through 1979 accounting for the major port ion of the phytoplankton community Nring peak periods (see Phytoplankton, subsection 2.1.3.1). Blue greens are generally considered undesirable as a fo_ source for invertebrates, especially cladocerans (Arnold 1971), but apparently there is sufficient phytoplankton to support the zooplankton population since zooplankton densities have not changed significantly since the beginning of the study. While size-selective predation on zooplankton by alewives has been indicated for Lake Michigan (Cannon 1974), predatory pressure from tertiary trophic levels does not appear to be a major mechanism affecting zooplankton community dynamics in this area. In general, no major size-related shifts in the zooplankton community have been observed during the five years of study. Phytoplankton-zooplankton relationships in the ponds during 1977 were more direct in that zooplankton density generally followed the pattern established by the phytoplankton (Figure 2-25). This not entirely true during 1978 was d and 1979, although zooplankton community dynamics were more closely related to phenomena occurring in lower trophic levels than to any major predatory stress higher in the food chain. 2.2.3.6 Statistical Analysis 2.2.3.6.1 Lake Michigan. Total zooplankton densities of Lake Michigan were subjected to an analysis of variance. To stabilize variance, the data values were logarithmically transfonned. Months (seasons) were considered as random ef fects and stations as. fixed effects. A complete description of statistical analysis methodology is presented in Section 2.1, Phytoplankton. The summary analysis of variance can be tabulated as shown on the next page, with signi-ficant F- statistics marked with an asterisk (a10.05). As one would expect, the seasonal effect (months) for 1979 data was signi-ficant, with November density highest and April the lowest. Generally, stations 1-10 were fairly uni form in terms of density distribution with no significant differences in mean density (a10.05). The contour (15 ft, 30 ft, and 50 ft) means were not significantly different. 2-69 science services dlwla!an
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g () A J 197s A N A J 1916 A N A J 1917 A N A J 197t! A N A J 1979 A N ( MONTHS /HARs [5 Figure 2-25. Comparison of Phytoplankton Density and Zooplankton Density, Nearshore Ponds, O Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 9: 1 N 3 O O O
O Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value 1979 ANOVA Results 3 192.7350 949.32* Month 9 7.7992 0.50 Stations (1-10) 1.6244 0.93 Stations (1-9 vs 10) 1 Stations (1-9) 0.6354 0.36 Row (linear) (contour) 1 0.0002 0.00 Row (quadratic) (contour) 1 2 0.0987 0.03 Column 2 2.3176 0.66 Row L x column 2 3.1229 0.89 Row Q x column 27 47.1916 25.83* Month x station Replication 120 8.1210 1975-1979 Ac-oss Years ANOVA Results Year 4 1s/.5701 1.16 Month 3 1966.3627 18.22* Year x month 12 431.6427 487.65* Station 9 11.4624 1.06 Year x station 36 57.0717 1.49 Month x station 27 18.0370 0.63 Year x month x station 108 114.6639 14.39* Replication 600 44.2570 The significant month x station factor indicates the spatial pattern of densities was not uniform across all months. The 15-ft contour stations ex-hibited high densities relative to other stations during April and November, whereas during June and August the 15-ft contour stations had mediu;a to low densities relative to other stations. The abundance of zooplankton at Station 10 (thermally influenced station) was similar to abundances at other nearshore stations. Across year comparisons of zooplankton data indicate that while no signifi-cant year-to year differences were observed, seasonal (monthly) variations were significant as observed in the 1979 ANOVA (a 5 0.05). Year x month and year x month x station interactions were also significant, indicating changes in the spatial pattern of zooplankton density across months and years. Although changes in spatial distributions occurred throughout the four year period when averaged over time, the densities at each station were not q different, nor were the yearly means different. This indicates natural variation in abundance but no apparent overall change in zooplankton science services division i
o abundance. None of the variations in total zooplankton density appear to be related to NIPSCo Bailly Station influences. 2.2.3.6.2 Ponds and Bog. Analysis of variance was performed also on total zooplankton densities in the ponds and bogs, and the data values were logarithmically trans formed to help stabilize variances. In the analysis of variance, months (seasons) were considered as random e f fects and stations as fixed ef fect s. The station sum of squares was partitioned with orthogonal contrasts for specific tests. The s ummary analysis of variance can be tabulated as follows, with significant F-statistics marked with an asterisk: 1979 ANOVA Results Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Sc .res F-Value Month 3 872.5159 345.05* Station 4 6.6010 0.35 Ponds vs bog 1 0.7483 0.16 Pond B 1 3.9239 0.84 Pond C 1 1.4825 0.32 Pond B vs Pond C 1 0.4463 0.10 Month x station 12 56.2429 5.56* Replication 60 50.5731 1975-1979 Across Years ANOVA Results Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value Year 4 364.4458 0.59 Month 3 988.7111 2.14 Year x month 12 1849.5509 303.81* Station 4 96.1057 2.61 Year x station 16 85.9439 1.85 Month x station 12 80.9725 2.32* Year x month x station 48 139.5318 5.73* Replication 300 152.1947 Seasonal (monthly) e f fect s were found to be significant for zooplankton density within the ponds, as would be expected. Highest zooplankton densities were observed during June, followed by November, April, and August. Meap zocolankton densities for 1979 for all stations were found to be not ll 2-72 science services division
/ms significantly dif ferent. The abundance patterns among the stations changed from one month to another, causing significant month x station interaction.
The most evident changes were: 1) Cowles Bog exhibited lowest densities of all stations during all months except in April when Cowles Bog had higher densities than all other stations, and 2) Pond C usually had highest zoo-plankton densities, but during April Pond C exhibited the lowest densities. Comparisons across years for zooplankton pond density revealed that while annual density differences were not statistically different, year x month, month x station, and year x month x station interactions were significant. These significant interactions indicate seasonal abundance patterns among years and staticq abundance patterns among months are not always the same. Consideration of zooplankton densities for months across years indicates April usually has the lowest density, while June, August, and November exhibit similar high densities. The largest portion of the month x station interaction was due to changes in densiries relative to other pond stationte m but during the spring and fall, Pond B generally has low densities relative (V b to other pond stations. None of the significant variations in total zooplank-ton density appear to be related to NIPSCo Bailly Station influences. 2.3 BENTH0S 2.
3.1 INTRODUCTION
. Benthic studies of the open waters of the Great Lakes have largely emphasized numerical distribution in relation to sediment characteristics and depth and the significance of particular organisms as indicators of water quality (Eggleton 1937. Powers and Alley 1967, Mozley and Garcia 1972, Mozley and Alley 1973, and Mozley and Winne11 1975). A recent study by Mozley (1975) dercribes benthic community responses to power plant effluents in the Great Lakes. In addition, several studies have been con-ducted which concentrated upon specific major taxa groups such as amphipods (Alley 1964, Kidd 1970, and Mozley and Garcia 1972), molluses (Hensen and Herrington 1965), and oligochaetes (Stimpson et al 1975). Several studies describing species association of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Great Lakes have also been conducted (Cook and Powers 1964 Hiltunen 1967, ; Brinkhurst et al 1968, and Johnson and Brinkhurst 1971). (m) w, I 2-73 science services division i
O This survey of the benthic community was designed to characterize the spatial and temporal variation in composition and abundance in the Bailly Study Area. This report contains the results of the sixth year of continuous monitoring ef fort and also draws comparisons among the study years 1974-1979. A general discussion of certain groups as they function as organic pollution indicators is also provided for comparison with data collected in this study. 2.3.2 METHODOLOGY. Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were scheduled to be collected at 10 lake stations (1-10) and 5 pond stations (17-21) during April, June, August, and November 1979; all samples c re collected. Sediment size analysis at all benthos lake and pond atations was scheduled and con-ducted during August 1979. Lake station samples consisted of duplicate quantitative samples collected with a 9-inch by 9-inch Ponar grab sampler. This particular sampler was chosen for its ability to sample a varby of substrates. The Ekman grab is better for sampling fine substrates, but the ronar grab is more effective on l l firm substrate samples (Hudson 1970, Howmiller 1971, and Lewis 1972) such as h l are found in Lake Michigan. Ponar grab samples were taken at each station until duplicate valid samples were collected. A valid grab haul was de fined as one containing substrate within the completely closed jaws of the sampler. Invalid haul contents were I discarded. Replicate samples were placed in separate containers, labeled, and preserved to a final concentration of 4 percent buf fered formalin. Rose-bengal dye (0.5 percent solution) was added as a stain to aid in rapid detection of the organisms during separating processes. Each sample was washed through a No. 30 U.S. standard sieve and examined, using white enamel pans and 10X illumic , ed magnifying lenses. The brightly stained organisms were easily distinguished in the sediment-laden samples. Spec ime ns were sorted by taxon, enumerated, and placed in appropriately labeled vials containing 70 percent ethanol. Spec imens were examined using dissection and compound microscopes; principal reference keys used in identi-fication included: Johannsen (1934, 1935, 1937); Ross (1944), Burks (1953), Wiggins (1977); Pennak (1953, 1978); Usinger (1956); Roback (1957); Ward and 2-74 science services division
V Whipple (1959); Mason (1973); Edmunds et al (1976); and Brinkhurst and Jamieson (1971). These references were supplemented as necessary with specific monographs. Benthic samples were collected in the ponds with a 9-inch by 9-inch Ekman dredge. This grab was chosen because of its ability to sample areas where the sediment is primarily silt or muck (APHA 1971). Fond samples were collected, preserved, and analyzed in the same manner as the lake samples. Substrate sediment analysis was performed on regular benthic samples from Lake Michigan and ti e ponds during August 1979. Five random subsamples were taken from each sample and strained through a National Bureau of Standards sieve series (No. 5, 10, 18, 35, 60, 120, and 230). The fractions passing through the No. 230 screen were caught in an enamel pan, dried at 110 C, and we ight and the percentage composition calculated. Particle sizes were classified according to Wentworth scale as follows: p Sediment Size (mm) Scale d 24 Pebble 2 Granule 1 Very coarse sand 0.500 Coarse sand 0.250 Medium sand 0.125 Fine sand 0.063 Silt
< 0.063 Clay 2.3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2.3.3.1 Numerical Abundance. Numerical abundance (No. per square meter)
(Table 2-16) in Lake Michigan exhibited variable temporal patterns among the ten stations. The highest mean density occurred in June at the 15-foot con-tour in April at the 35-foot contour, and in August at the 50- foo t contour. The largest portion of the abundance changes were due to the abundance of Tubificidae and apparently not related to seasonal changes. Densities were particularly large at the 50-foot contour stations where a maximum value of 71,336 per square meter was observed at Station 6. The in-creasing density with increasing depth phenomenon observed in previous years 2-75 science services division
o (Texas Instruments 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978) and also documented by other authors (Mozley and Garcia 1972, Ayers and Seible 1973, and Stimpson et al 1975) was again observed (Figure 2-26). A comparison of near-field stations (1 to 6 and 10) with far-field stations (7 to 9) indicates that mean densities we re higher at the near-field stations (Table 2-16). As in the past, Station 10 (discharge) exhibited low density values. The general comparability of numerical abundance within depth contours for each sampling period at stations outside the immediate discharge area and the low densities observed at Station 10 (discharge) suggest that plant operation e f fect s in terms of total abundance are confined to the immediate vicinity of the discharge. Table 2-16 Benthic Invertebrate Density, Bailly Study Area,1979 Station Apr Jun Aug Nov Lake Michigan (No./m2) 1 2 769 4,077 1,644 1,298 240 606 394 212 h 3 15,962 9,346 18,317 356 4 442 1,154 173 19 5 2,260 3,510 731 4,981 6 4,971 1,077 71,336 51,663 7 115 750 163 183 8 837 1,596 1,327 1,385 9 183 2,587 18,346 1,231 10 2,596 163 67 106 Nearfield i 1-6, 10 4,030 2,058 10,178 6,438 Farfield i 7-9 378 1,647 6,612 933 Pond (No./m2) 17 8,544 3,673 913 8,144 18 12,346 9,337 3,567 1,865 19 5,760 2,394 1,067 1,663 20 10,327 19,308 18,279 14,337 Cowles Bog 21 1,183 2,788 394 2,356 Pond B i 17-18 10,389 6,505 2,240 5,005 Pond C x 19-20 8,043 10,851 9,673 8,000 As with previous data, the nearshore ponds in 1979 generally yielded much higher average densities than observed in the lake (Table 2-16, Figure 2-27), although dif ferences in sampling gear (Ponar vs Ekman grab) preclude a strict comparison be tween lake and pond densities. Densities generally decreased from April to June, declined again in August, and increased in November
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f} D (considering all stations as a whole). Cowles Bog displayed the lowest densities throughout the year with highest densities usually in Pond C. Values ranged from a low of 394 per square meter in Cowles Bog during August to a maximum of 19,308 per square meter at Station 20 ( Pond C) in June (Table 2-16). Perhaps the most significant pattern occurring within the ponds is the continued low total density relat ive to 1975 (Figure 2-27). This phenomenon is most pronounced in Cowles Bog and Pond B (Figure 2-28 ) . It has been noted in the literature concerning benthic communities in the Great Lakes region that maximum seasonal abundances of nearshore benthos vary from year to year with fivefold changes not uncommon (Mozley 1975). However, this phenomenon may reflect changes in the physical and/or chemical environment of these ponds. 2.3.3.2 Species Composition. Determining the temporal and spatial variations in benthic species composition can provide in formation concerning the e f fect s of subtle environmental changes not always discernible by in-Q stantaneous physicochemical testing. Lake Michigan samples were dominated by tubificid worms throughout the study (Table 2-17; Figure 2-29). The amphipod Pontoporeia a f finis was also abundant followed by chironomids and naidid wo rms . The highest relative abundance occurred in April for Chironomidae, June for Amphipoda, June and August for Naididae, and November for Tubificidae (Table 2-17). The nearshore pond benthic fauna was dominated throughout the year by naidid worms and chironomids (Table 2-17). The prevalent chironomids in the ponds during 1979 were Ablabesmyia sp., Chironomus sp., Cryptochironomus sp., Dicrotendipes sp., Procladius sp., Tanytarsus sp., (Table 2-18). The other dominant (> 4 percent of the total population) taxa were Naididae, Tubificidae, and Caenis sp. (Table 2-18 and 2-19). Annual trends observed in the ponds (Figure 2-30) re flec t the variable
. percent composition that has been characteristic of the pond and bog stations since the onset of field sampling in 1974. Naidid worms displayed a much larger contribution to percent composition in 1978 and 1979 than was ob-(9 served in 1977. This naidid increase was concomittant with a marked decrease G'
2-79
*
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e in Tubificidae relative abundance. Chironomids generally exhibited higher relative abundance in 1978 and 1979 than in previous years (Figure 2-30). Table 2-17 Percent Composition of Abundant Benthic Organisms, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Station Taxon Apr Jun Aug Nov Lake (1-10) Amphipoda 6 20 10 2 Tubificidae 81 59 76 93 Chironomidae 10 5 2 2 Naididae <l 6 6 <l Bivalvia 2 3 3 2 Total % 99 93 97 99 No. Taxa 17 25 34 30 Pond (17-21) Naididae 24 14 60 61 Tubificidae 2 5 2 11 Amphipoda 1 <1 <1 <1 Ephemeroptera 5 <1 5 2 Chironomidae 52 73 28 22 Bivalvia 3 6 3 2 Total *. 87 98 98 98 No. Taxa 42 39 39 41 The predominant chironomids in Lake Michigan we re Cryptochironomus sp., I Chironomus sp., and Psectrocladius sp. Tubificid relative abundance was greater during 1979 than during any previous year of the study (1974-1978). Ponto poreia affinis has displayed declining re lat ive abundance values since 1975 and 1976; however, since total invertebrate densities have also changed, the density of P,. affinis has been variable but not steadily declining. The relative abundance of chironomids decreased in 1979 from relatively uniform values during 1975-1978 (Figure 2-29 ). The predominance of the a:aphipod Pontoporeia affinis in the lake has been described previously by several authors. In a comparative survey of the Lake Michigan benthos (Robertson and Alley 1966), the structure of this community was compared with a prior description by Eggleton (1936, 1937). Both surveys indicated the abundance of Pontoporeia affinis and oligochaetes. 2-80 science services division
O O O i I a CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOE 5 NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGil NONSAMPLING NONTHS. ea - COWLES 80G 50_ -- e0No 8
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- a a e a a a a a a a a a a a a a e a a e f3 APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG fl0V APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG. NOW 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 !
n 1 3 i i 8 Figure 2-28. Benthic Invertebrate Density, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1975-1979 e2 O M 4 I 5 i O . ! O i 1 g 4 3
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$ Figure 2-29. Percentage Composition of Abundant Benthic Organisms, Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 O O O
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V Table 2-18 Benthic Organisms in Lake Michigan and Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 19?4 1975 191e 1977 1975 1919 te6e t ete tete take L ehe tehe m ac h tgen Punds uknigen ponds ukhtgee penas meth*een Ponds ukhteen Ponds muh6 gen Punds faae Carleeterete (wyereeds) i Hydre sp. 5 e 5 i u 5, 5 f 5p F 5p 5 f 5 f 5p i F F 5 f* Se $ F f Cordylophore le6. stats f 50 f Teatellerne (flatmorun) 0= geste sp. . u timid. 'furtellarse u 5 5p 5 f F 5p 5 f 5p 5 8 5 f f* u* 5* f 5p $* f 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 5 5p $* f Sp 5 f Sp 5 f Sp* 5 f teamatode teessmhnarms) numertee u 5 5p I 5 5p f tryoree (Stoss ent*wiceles) # 8 epheged Bdee tophopadeI14 sp. f 5 5 F Plumeteilldee 5p f reder *<elle %Itene 5 Cr'.setellideo trtstotelle sp. I 5 C. mecede 5p 5 8 unsd. Stato61 st 5 Iaducros t e ureatella gen sits 5 f Annel edee'(kymoted morus) 5 5 Oltgotmeete (Acswetu eartheorw) u 5p h id idae used. hidtdee 5 f* 5' F* 5* f* 5p 5" f* 5* f 5* f* 59 5 f 5p 5* f Sp 5' f* 5p 5* f* 5p 5* f Sp* 5* F* g Aviephares sp 5 thectogester sp. 5 5 7 tn' 5 5p* 5 fa 5 5p 5 f 5 5 f* i 5p 5 f g Ra ts sp. u* 5p So* Ss* 5 g 5p 5 F Sp y Pristtaa so. 5 I u stylerie laustres 5 5 t uagirk tdev 5p 5 5p 5p t uner kel ndee u 5 F Sp* 5 7 5 Tubaf t< tdee 68nte. lehtf 6( edee 58 f* is ue 5p* 5* f* 5p* 58 f* Sy* $* f* Sp* $* f* Sp* $* F* 5p* 5' f* Sy* $* f* 5p* 5* f* 5p* l' (* 5p 5* fa pelowolen sp. 5 f rpubdeltidae I 1 norudine (tercews) e 5 i klost ephon 6deo Glossephasile sp. u 5p F f nelobdelle'stegnelig 5 5 5, 5 F 5 5 F 5p 5 8 Sp 5 f 5 5, Se # r 5, 5 F seel.Atelle sp. f f a Sp 5p % 5 5p 5 i f 5 f tinchdelle sp. 5 Unid. Cless6phantdee u 5 5 5, taned. utrudiare ip 5 ptw h elidet Pfuncela sp. 5 5p 5 t rputntellid ne trptedell e p. 5 5p 5 5, 5 L i ed.n ere u sp t eptoder 6 des te todore bladtti 5 i 5 5 f I hse aidee' t4 ur.ed. sowsendee** I O se e se.** f* 5p thydor tdee f 5 5 N thydorws sp. 1 II furytertos sp. 5 F 5 9 E. lamellates 5 4 Dephaidee f f oephate sp. f u 5p I 5, 5 F 5p 5 f* F y 56-wephales sp. 5 j g . _ . . _ _ - . _ . . . _ . . _ _ _ . . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
*0ominent te...
hC "All Besa.ine and Eubos_teene species now (lessified under Sosalesdee. hote: p b s aples e. Lee, ukhtsen f et.r r, isr5, stetten 24 dry; me samples tenen A.,.st 1977.
= 5p
- sertag ( April). 5 = suseer (June, August); i
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s4 3
o Table 2-18 (Contd) 1976 1977 1976 1919 1974 1975 Late t one t ehe L ehe t ete L ake n u h t gen p mds wit h ga. Punos n i. h t,an Pends m u t ismo Ponds 1... nu h igan Punds Panas pubig n Cladmere (Lasite) ho t<+ed id.e Holged sam sp. I H. Otherum f
%< retar oddae li w f ryptas sp. 5 5 W 5 e d idae Untd. Sid ea.e 5 5 t at.ma set teera 5 (v4epuda 4 5 6 C yc laponde e f yc lops w. 5 I 4 5 I $p' 5 f 4 Sp 5 f f W 5p 5 hp 5p 5p C41mede dead. Celaar tda Dtapt <ses sp. F $ f s 5 Sp Harpa( t e(oida 5 7 5 f* V 5 e I supada 5 I Ase l lug 9 M 5 5p 5 4 5 Sp 5 59 f A. 6sterelie 5 t in ee so.
p ys sJ e Mp ts reli<.ta f 5p f Aage b;4ala t a t i t r idae 5p 5 6 Sp 5 f* 5 4 5 f 5 f u 5* 5p 5* 5 toyellela sitw a I paus t ur t idae Sp* Sp* 5 'p* 5* f 5p 5 f* 5p* 5* f* $ 4' ** f f 5* f* Puntuporeia 4t f in n s $* f $ f f* gg Gamuner i dee Geoiarus sp. 5p 5 5p $ 5 Se $ f g G. f au lates F 5 f g p Cr angam pt idee 5 C r enyrmy s sp . 5p 5 umid. lophipinta Os t r a ode ( 5ced thr % ) f* W 5p 5 I f 5e I 5p 5 f 5p 5 i Sp 5 5p 5 f 5p 5 5 5p 5 5 5 5p 5 8 Hyifret ar tene ( Water esteg) 5* f 5 f u 5p 5 had. Ar e(hntJe Collend ula (Vringtails) 5 uniJ. Collentela f atserysdee $ totied<ya sp. 5 4 Epteerruptera (%,f lies) I 5 un ed E phemeroptere u Sp f f Saet ts sp. Sp" 5 I Sp* 5' Caenis sp. 5* f* u 5p* $ f* 6 5p* 5* f* 59 5 f I IIcos locon sp. 5 Od. mat a (Drague f lies, d.seself lies) I Unid (nfimate b 5 f 5 5 Acu hn tdae 5 () g Seulee sp i s telIwlidee 5 u 50 5 lined. L steIlelidae f f el tiheet s sp. $p 0) CotJulie sp. I 3 ( pu r.rou t i. sp. f g (r thesis w. f O Mt- un ordglie sp 5 F g i ed.ma 9 5p 5 f 4 5 I 4* 5 t ew orthinne sp. 5p g t inei1.1. w 5p 5 6
, Sp Mtath via w, 5 g i . Pat h 6pl as sp. 59 I
f O Plat **ts sp. Sp 5 i g Polfina ' 59 g sympetrum sp. lernetrum sp. 59 g f cene.er ice idee innid . t o,n.9. . .i e 5 6 u sp 5 f* Se $ f 5p 5 f 5p 5 8 I
- I aC forup um sp. 4 59 5 f u Sp fivneli.f. w f E e re sp. Sa f O ' ", *-
f o,'di 1",'4 ster e.i e mid . 5 u 5 I'eIta4ptera 5 unto. Pictoptera O O O
g A k]/ ' V L o Table 2-18 (Contd) 1974 1975 1976 1977 8978 1979 t ehe ' e6e t ake take take tehe 1444 M ac h tgen Peets totc h igan peeds M tt h 69ee punds M4 h egen ponds Mkhtgen pusuis een tagee ponds sweeptera (Begs) e,lostonet edee Bef estema sp. Car 6 a dae ,5 5 ple tdee u Sp F plee strtola 5 i Tenapeia sp. 5 eHeron teve 5
,llu ta sp. 5
- '.Malidae Chael tedes sp.
Tr6thoptera (faddis flies) untd. Irkhostera u Hydropsychedae
- poteyte fleoa 5p I F Nydreptllidae ~~ F I I Agraylea sp. F 5p f f 5 Hydropttle sp. 5 Orthotrichia sp. I I Onyethira se. 5 E W Sp 5 Fe se 5 F 5p 5 parepanyi sp. 5p t eptor e< 61dae 5 5 I teptocelle sp. ('q.toysyc he sp. ) f Sp* 5 F 5p i f Mystac 6 des sp. F flecells sp. 5 f u 5p 5 Sp 5 F 5 f f 4 5 i feracles sp. 5 polycentrepidae pg polycentropus sp. W 5p 5 Sp F g L lonephil 6 der F 03 t 'amele t tws so. Sp 5 tJa pycnopsyche sp. 4 phryganeidee Banksiele seItea (formerIy Agrypeta sp.) 5p 5p 5p F Bannsiola sp. 5p Agrypete sp. f Agrypata oesti.te 5p thr7Janee sp. u 5p Bonestela crotch 6 (formerly phryganea A.) 50 $ F 5p* 5 f 5p psy(lumyildee heurecitpts f 5 ehyacophilidae 5 ahyp ophile sp. 5 Berecidae uned, Screandae 5 Lepidoptere ( Aquat k teterpillar) unid. Lepidoptera F 5p* 5 5 uned. p yreltdidae 5 5 Ceeleoptere (Beetles) thrysopelidet 5 5 Dunac 64 sp. Sp 5 "N
[serteslieu l % e F 5p F 5 Dereests . 5p Dyt t ssidae 5 f 5 5 E kjetnes sp. 5 ' 84 ileidee 5 Q HaI 6pl: e 5, 5 F 5 5p Hal' M sp. f O Helodwa. 5, 44 p y droimelidae 5, 5 9 Scrosus sp. 5 4 Unid. ' Coleoptera F staters (slies, mese uitoes, .64 9es U t.' k saae O cheobor s sp. 5 5 f u 5p 5, F 5 F 5 O tendipedidae (chirono 64.ee) Ablabe la sp. F $* F* ua Sp* 5* F 5p 5 F 5p 5p 5 F 5p t 5p 5* g Analopyn a sp. f F g killia sp. le 5p
- Calopmtre sp. 5*
O C. werela 5*
= fardlocladles sp. 5
*4 thiromanes so. 5* F 5 f* u* Sp* 5* F* 5p* 5 F 5pa 5* F 5p 5 f* Sp 5. F 5p 5 f* Sp 5* F* 5p' 5* F 5p* 5 F 5p 5* f 3 toelot_aaypus 59 # 5 5 5 5p f
Table 2-18 (Contd) 1976 1977 19 4 1979 1974 1915 i ..e t.6e t .se ., i .he (e e me h tgen Ponds M et h egan Poseds a n ti gen Ponds pu.h tgen Ponds fe=4 Mu h agen Funds m. higan Piwids D ipte- * (f lies, umsquetc=% midges ) (GetJ) Ba ndipededee (Chiron mildae) ((untd) (crynoncura sp. W 5p 5 5 59 f r u otopus sp. 9 5 W 5 5p 5 f 5p 5 5 5 Sp 5 f 5p 5 59 5 F 59 5 I 5* $* Sp 5 4* 5* l' 5 4* 5* f* 5 5 5p* 5* I 5 i SP 5
- 5 f rypta biennamess sp. 'a f I W & f 5, 5 f rypt m lelge lma sp.
Disse-se sp. 5 5p Dic ratend ipes sp, 5 f* W 5p 5 F 4 5 I 5p 5 I 5 SP 5 f* 5p* 5* I* i nneelJia sp. f inhhsr m. muss sp. W D i 5 F 5 t 5p 5 I f un te'er sella 50. W Clys-t utendipe's sp. 5 5 *p SP 5 5 5p i Sp 5 I Gue ld k h trom anes sp . 5
**er n o w his sp 5* 5 5 5 5. - 5 4 5 4 5* 5 5 5 6*rterot rissoa lmti.ss sp 5 5 59 50 5p 5 5p 5 9 e lef f erulus sp. W 5p (autee f 9:neelle sp I 5p Ma-tr ioc neines '.p 5 5 i Ms. e opset t e a sp 5 5* <p 5 5 59 5 I mu rotendipes w. f I is 5 I f 5p f $ f theumf emmese 4 *y
. 5 5p 5 5 5p 5 5 59 5 I I tillatenygues sp.
- 5p 5 Or t Na 14d eus sp. 5 5 Sp Per sa h 6 rimisees *.y 5 i Sp 5 i $p 5 t 5 5p 5 5p 5 P4res 14<tnpelee sp. 5p 5 5 Par al4utert*>rneella sp 5 P4ratee.f spes sp. sp f*
N P. a t encue s sp. 5 I Phaen.4me< t r e sp. W 5p 5p 00 P..l fpedi ti sp < 5 i W 5 5p 5 5 59 5 7 5 5 5 ae 5 t 5, 5 i @ pos thest 44 sp. Sp 5p i Sp I'e m i,4 8.s sp $ f 5* f* Wa Sp 5 5 5p* ** , f* 5p 5 I 5p 5 i 59 5 f 5p 5 i so 5 t 5p 5 t 5p 5 i Sp* 5* f* Pe ml:4 mesa sp. f Pse tra ladius sp 5 5 i W 5 5p 5 5p $ t 5 f 5 Sp 5 f 5 5p 5 i Pscs teotenyl=es sp F 5 Pseu.ha hirinemmes sp. 5 f 5p 5 kk oe nyt. sus sp. f* 5.et h r ea sp. 5p 5 I f angw. sp F 4 Sp f 5 i f any t 4r ws sp. 5 i W* 5p i Sp*
- f* f 4* 5* f* 5 sp 5 F 5p* 5* f 5p f Spa $* f Iend sprJinaw 5 f 5 Iendipe-s sp i W 5p Thienemmean sclla sp 5p 5 t r it.e lin sp 5 W 5 tp f e h bei 144i.as si . *2 Te hsa leJius .y 5 F
'.m it s 6 4 sp. W 5tesum hirun mess sp, W 5p O Ur FNm ladi anae 4.enies A sp e =
unia. f hiru.in .a.e lintJ. Tonypudinae 5 f 5, Sp 5 5p 5 f* 5 5p 5 5 5 5 5 5, Sp 5 f 5 5p 5 i Sp 5 F f) t erat opiosonidae y 5 t pa 5* 5 7 5p 5 f 3 Allveu5meyt a sp. 5 W* 5p
- 5* Sp 5 y Palpinuyie sp. 5 f*
g Iblis nopewtiJ4 1 phydr idee 5p f) t py*1r4 w. 5 () liniJ. ( phy.h IJae 59 5p 5 mg IIsit uph e l d sp (
'd teen f idee SepeJam sp. 5 (J St r et tismy t iJ4e
() (,,) t uperyphus sp. Ptes.1 s o us a,p. Se $ F 5 *+ 5p Tet,an ed.ne t he sops sp. 5 W 5p I 5p 5 f 5p i tpul J4e 4 Polymiede sp. I 5 f f $p g Itrqa sp F _ fr 6mic ra sp. f fj linid. Dif tere W 5p 5 3 O O O
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Table 2-19 Benthic Invertel, rate Occurrence (Presence / Absence), Bailly Study Area 1979 EAL SFR SUt1 FAL SFR SUt1 12345 LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 LS TAXA 12345 12345 0 Ct4IDARIA (TOTAL) 0 BIVALVIA (TOTAL) 0 flyDROZOA 0 SFilAERIIDAE 2 1234 3 1 SrilAEPIUtl ( LPIL) 123 5 12345 1 H)DPA (LPIL) 5 35 4 11 CC?DYLorilCPA LACUSTRIS 1 5 SFllAEPItal ( LPIL) 2 SrilAERIU t ( LPIL) 2 0 PLATYllELittttTilES ( TOTAL) 123 12 5 1 TURBELLARI A (LPIL) 1 12 12 1 PISIDIUtl ( LPIL) 12 PISIDIUlf ( LPIL D 34 0 ilEttLRIINA ( TOI AL) 12 5 1 14EllERTIllA ( LPIL ) 1 5 PISIDIUti (LPIL) 12 SritiERIIDAE (LPIL) 345 2 0 ilEt1ATCDA (TOT AL) 5 12345 4 1 I;EttATCO A ( LPIL ) 12345 12345 345 5 SrilAERIID AE ( LPIL) 1 SFl!AERIIDAE ( LPIL) 45 0 Et:D0rPOCTA 12 5 3 0 Et00rPCCTA 5 BIVALVIA ( LPIL) 2 1 BIVALVIA (LPIL) 2 5 5 11 U2tlATELLA GRACILIS 1 5 0 OLICOCllAETA (TOTAL) 12 EIVALVIA (LPIL) 0 ARACI;!lIDA ( TOTAL) 0 fMIDID!E CII AE103 ASTER ( LPIL) 3 13 34 0 CFOSTIGt1ATA 1 12345 12345 345 1 HYDRICARIt!A (LPIL) 3 1 4 4 h) I t!AIDIDAE (LPIL) 0 ISOPCDA (TOTAL) os 0 1 TUniFICIDAC 1UDIFICID AE (LPIL) 12345 12345 35 0 ASELLIDAE O LUt L'R ICULID A E 1 ASELLUS (LPIL) 1 1 L(IGICULIDAE ( LPIL) 2 0 HIRt'DIt EA ( TOTAL) 0 GLOSSII:lOllIID AE 1 HELOCDELLA STACilALIS 1 12 LS = f.ife Stage 1 IIELO DELLA (LPIL) 12 0 = Summary 1evel 1 PLf,CD DELLA (LPIL) 4 1 = Adult 5 HIPU3It:E A ( LPIL1 3 . , ~ I HIrUJIt:EA (LPIL) 1 "
"P""
O GASTROrOJA (TOTAL) 5 = Immature 0 At:CYLIDAE FEIRISSI A ( LPIL) 3 8 = Statoblast 1 FEPPISSIA (LPIL) 3 11 = Colony h 5 12 = Undetermined e 0 LYli:!ACIDI E 3 1 LYCP.EA (LPILi 1 g) 0 f t)CPC3IID AC (:A!; lICOLID AE ) Spr = April Sampling d 1 Al;;!ICOLA ( LPIL) 12 Sum = lune and August bampling 0 0 FHYSIDAE Fat = November Sampling O 1 r;if 3A ( LPIL ) 12 4 5 P;liSA ( LFIL) 2 2 14 cation ! = Nearfield Stations 1-6 and 10 p 0 PLA!;0EDIDAC 4 4 Location 2 = Farfield Stations 7-9 O 1 G)P/ULUS ( LPIL) O 1 ilELIC0!!A ( LPIL) 4 14>ca t i on 1 = Pond 11 a 0 VALVATIDAE ye bicat ion 4 = Pond C I 1 VALVAT A ( LPIL) 1 I4> cation 5 = cowles isog 5 GASTROPCD A ( trIL ) 2345 123 t" 4 1 4
- 12 GASTROPODA (LPIL) 1 GA3TP0r03A (tPIL) 2 1 4 3
O O e
m p ./ Q ] Table 2-19 (Contd) o SPR SUt1 FAL SPR SUN FAL
. LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 0 ArtPHITCDA (TOTAL) O POLYCEttTROPCOIDAE O GAltiARIDAE (TOTAL) 2 POLYCEt1TR00US (LPIL) 3 3 1 GAtr1ARUS (LPIL) 12 1 0 LEPIDOPTERA ItACROLEPIDOPTERA (TOTAL 0 Cpt.t:",01:tCID A E 2 LEPIC0PTERA 11\CPOLEPIDOPTERA (LPILI 4 1 CPltt00ifX (LPIL) 1 0 DIPTERA I:Et1ATOCERA (TOTAL) 0 HAUOTCPIIDAE 0 CERAT00030:1IDAE 1 FC:tTOPMEIA AFFIllIS 12 12 2 CECAT0 ROC 0!:IDAE (LPIL) 345 345 35 2 PCitTCPCPEIA AFFIllIS 2 1 CERATOPOCOlIDAE (LPIL) 3 0 HY ALE ( LID AE O CHIR 0!!O!!IDAE 1 HYALELLA AZIECA 45 1 345 35 2 CHIR 0!10t1US ( LPIL) 12345 12345 34 5 AftPHIr03A ( LPILI 1 2 CRYPT 0 CHIR 0!!Gt:US (LPIL) 12 1234
- 1. AttritITCDA (LPIL) 1 2 CRICOTOPUS ( LPIL) 34 3 4 0 COLLEtiLOLA (TOTAL) 2 TAttf T/C0US ( LPIL) 1 34 345 -345, 1 COLLEICOLA ( LPIL) 4 2 DICROTE!!3IPES ( LPIL) 3'45 345 345 0 EFlE!:EROPTERA (TOTAL) 2 00LYPEDILUtl ( LPIll 345 345 34 0 CAE!!IDAE 2 ADLACES!!(IA ( LPIL) 1 345 345 34 10 CAEt1IS (LPIL) 34 34 34 2 ftICROTEl:DIPES ( LPIL) 4 45 10 EPHEt1EROPTERA (LPIL) 3 2 PROCLADIUS ( LPIL) 1 345 12345 345 0 000flATA (TOTAL) 2 PARACHIPC:lO!!US ( LPIL) 34 34 0 LICELLULIC?.E 2 PEEU00 CHIRO:10:!US ( LPIL) 4 34 F L ATilEttIS* ( LPIL I 34 2 GLYPTOTEl: DITES (LPILI 10 1 4 4 N 10 LEUCCPSilIt!I A ( LPILI 4 4 2 IIBRilIStilIA ( LPIL) I b
0 COEtt!.GDIO!!ID A E 4 3 2 CCELOTA14fPUS (LPIL) 1 10 El:ALLAC:tA (LPIL) 2 THIEt!E!!A!!!IELLA ( LPIL) 3 4 ISCII rJ7A ( LPIL) 345 2 10 TAtl)rus (LPILI 5 3 C0;ttt.OnI0t110AE ( LPIL) 3 2 P3Ei. e..CCLt.DIUS ( LPIL ) 10 34 1234 34 0 PLECOPTERA (TOTAL) 2 GOELDICllIRO::Ot US 4 10 PLECCPTERA (LPIL) 4 2 IIICRCTSCCTRA (LPIL) 45 34 45 0 COLEOPTEPA POL)PilAGA (TOTAL) 2 PARACLADorElfit ( LPIL) 1 123 0 CHRYSC;1ELIDAE 2 POTTilASTIA 1 2 OCll?.CI A ( LPIL ) 34 3 2 Et:DO llIPC: 31103 ( LPIL) 34 34 34 0 CURCULIcitIDfE 2 1:01:3aI A:idSA ( LPIL) 1 12 3 1 CUPCULIC:tIDAE ( LPIL) 4 2 HILOT/t4(PUS (LPIL) 34 4 0 COLEOPTEDA (TOTAL) 2 CAETHERIA ((PIL) 1 1 2 COLEOPTERA (LPILI 3 1 SAElll2RIA ( LPIL) 1 0 0 TRICt:0PILRA (TGTAL) 2 02TitCCL/DIIt:3/ E GEIPJS A 3 3 0 H1020rSICHIDIE 4 2 CRrPTOCLADCPELitA ( LPIL) 3 3
- 5) 2 FGit:1YIA FLAVA 1 2 TEt:DIFEDIitI C 1 3 0 ll)DECPTILIDAE 2 LAUTEPE0711IELLA (LPIL) 5 OXYElitTRA ( LPIll 3 3 2 CHIrC:0:lIDAE (LPIL) 123
, 2 135 34 AC2AYLEA (LPIL) 3 3 CllIRC:;0:110AE (LPIL) 2 12345 l
9 2 0 HYD?CPTILIDAE ( LPIL) FHRrG/t:EICAE 3 3 0 ECTOTPCOTA (TOTAt t 0 LCril0PUDIDAE
*
- E/tr:010LA (LPIll 4 5 LCri!Or03ELLA (LPIL) 1 0 2 /C9YP:tI A ( LPIL) 5 8 LorliarCOELLA (LPIL) I 0 LEPTCCERIDAE 0 PLU:ltTELLIDAE h 2 GECETIS ( LPIL) 3 34 3 11 FREDERICELLA SULTAttA 3 1 b 2 ilECTCPSfCHE (:LEPTOCELLA)( LPIL) 3 3 4
3 0 CRISTATELLIDAE 1 3 CERACLE A ( = ATiiRIPSODES )( LPIL ) , 8 CRISTATELLA HUCEDO 1 12 g 2 LEFTOCERIDAE ( LPIL) 9 11 ECT00ROCTA (LPIL) 4 M 3
O 100 , OTHERS hy q OTHERS OTHERS
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- TUBIFICIDAE U EPHEMER0PTERA CHIRONOMIDAE h ] BIVALVIA g NAIDIDAE eT rT a Figure 2-30. Percentage Composition of Abundant Benthic Organisms, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 O O O
O
,. ()
l i In another survey by Mozley and Garcia s1972) Pontoporeia affinis was the dominant organism, occurring in greater densities at deeper stations. The occurrence of tubificido as a dominant taxon is also consistent with trends described in the literature, as Mozely (1975) indicates that tubificids are the most numerous whenever the substrate is primarily silt or sand (as in southeastern Lake Michigan). 2.3.3.3 Zonation 2.3.3.3.1 Physical Zonation (Sediment Analysis). A description of sub-strate composition is essential to identify accurately the distributional mechanisms of the benthic community inhabiting a particular area. The Wentworth particle sizing analysis conduc ted during August 1979 indicated that the predominant size fraction throughout the lake sediments was in the 0.063 to 0.5 millimeter (silt, very fine sand , and fine sand) range (Table 2-20) which compares favorably with the predominant fraction described in the five previous yearly surveys (Figure 2-31). In terms of depth distribution, k the shallow (15-foot) and mid-depth (30-foot) stations were dominated by silt to fine sand (0.063 to 0.5 millimeter) while the deepest (50-foot) stations were composed predominantly of a very fine sand / silt / clay mixture. A com-parison of previous ye ar s' data (Figure 2-31) indicates that the lake substratum is relatively stable through time as the major sediment components ( fine /very fine sand) have persisted with only moderate annual variations in percent composition. In the po nd s , substrate type was primarily of similar material, although more coarse and medium sand substrates were also major components of each station in the ponds (Table 2-20). Less clay (<0.063 millimeter) was found during 1979 than in the four previous survey years but was similar to the amount ob-served in 1974. In comparison with Lake Michigan, th- nearshore ponds have more variable substrate composition (Figure 2-31). 2.3.3.3.2 Faunal Zonation. Benthic faunal distribution at the lake stations was closley related to both physical zonation (sediment character-The 50-foot contour represented by stations 3, 6, and 9
~
s ization) and depth. generally exhibited the highest density values in the study area during 1979, 2-91 science services division
o Table 2-20 Sediment Particle Size (Percent Composition), Bailly Study Area, August 1979
> 4 nun 2-4 nm 1-2 nm 0.5-1 nn 0.25-0.5 nun 0.125-0.25 nun 0.063-0.125 nun <0.063 nun Gravel Very Coarse Sand Coarse Sand Medium Sand Fine Sand Very Fine Sand Silt Clay Loca tion Sta tion NBS No. 5* NBS No. 10 NBS No. 15 NBS No. 35 NBS No. 60 NBS No. 160 NBS No. 230 hBS No. 230 Lake 1 0.10 0.25 0.60 0.85 50.40 43.50 4.20 0.10 2 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.80 37.20 56.95 5.40 0.10 3 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.15 16.00 64.40 17.65 1.65 4 0.00 0.00 0.15 1.80 43.85 50.35 3.85 0.10 5 0.10 1.45 0.25 0.60 35.00 51.65 10.80 0.10 6 0.05 0.15 0.25 0.50 7.80 55.20 35.15 0.95 7 0.00 0.10 0.45 3.10 38.90 51.35 6.20 0.00 8 2.35 0.95 1.35 15.80 28.80 37.95 12.80 0.00 9 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.65 3.75 56.20 37.75 0.65 g 10 10.35 8.45 7.30 21.30 51.10 1.35 0.00 0.00 g i Lake 1.32 1.18 1.11 4.56 31.28 46.89 13.38 0.37 to Shallow 1,4,7 0.03 0.12 0.40 1.92 44.38 48.40 4.75 0.07 Mid-Lake 2.5,8 0.82 0.80 0.57 5.73 33.67 48.85 9.67 0.07 Deep Lake 3,6,9 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.43 9.18 58.60 30.18 1.08 Pond 17** 0.85 1.45 12.20 16.15 14.40 41.80 5.90 7.25 18** 0.00 0.15 1.50 9.65 33.15 48.70 4.35 2.50 19** 0.00 1.55 9.10 17.45 28.20 29.35 7.95 6.30 20** 0.50 0.00 1.55 3.00 21.75 60.05 10.55 2.65 21** 2.65 0.00 4.15 6.60 39.10 40.75 5.05 1.75 3 x Pond 0.80 0.63 5.70 10.57 27.32 44.13 6.76 4.09 N
3 g
- National Bureau of Standards screen size number.
Z ** Samples contained large amounts of organic material which collected in the No. 5 sieve. This material was not counted as part li of the sediment analysis. 2 5 o O b i N 3 O O O
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- 7. . . . . . . .:. :. _ . .. . .
1974 19'75 I9'76 1977 19I8 1979 0c'A' O vta' ' tac 5^ao E = fSAND 0 su ED "x 5^= 8 2%5E SA@ Figure 2- 31. Sediment Particle Size Distribution, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979
/'~l V
l 2-93 science services division i
O as it did in previous years. Sediment composition along this contour also dis played the h ighe st percentages of very fine sand, silt, and clay; such a substrate condition is particulary conduc ive to colonization and growth of dense Tubificidaa populations. Although shallow-water stations along the 15-foot contour also exhibit finely divided substrate characteristics, it is probable that wave action precludes the establishment of dense populations at this depth range in most instancec. The stability of benthic faunal density distribution patterns during 1974-1979 can be attributed to relatively stable substrate composition at the various depth contours. Distinct faunal zonation patterns among the ponds rce not readily discern-ible. Similarities in substrate composition among the ponds have led to the establishment of relatively similar distributions of benthic invertebrates in each of the ponds. 2.3.3.4 Benthic Indicator Organisms. Biological indicators of environ-mental conditions are shown to be of great value in monitoring subtle changes in the aquatic ecosystem. To compare these data with some standard, Table 2-21 was prepared from several sources (Borror and Delong 1971, Pennak 1953, Usinger 1971, EPA 1973). The table is designed to elucidate the trophic positions, habitats, and tolerances of some of the benthic organisms de-scribed in the vicinity of Bailly Generating Station. The toi erance indications presented in Table 2-21 are those of EPA (1973), and caution should be taken in applying and interpreting this technique in describing environmental conditions based on this indicator-organism scheme. (This scheme is s imply based on an o rganism' s tolerance or intolerance to organic contamination based on descriptions found in the literature.) The three classifications used in this system are: e Tolerant, meaning frequently associated with highet levels of organic contamination e Facultative, meaning a wide range of tolerance frequently associated with moderate levels of organic contamiration e Intolerant, meaning not found even at moderate levels of organic contamination and generally intolerant of moderate rebictions in dissolved oxygen (EPA 1973) 2-94 science services division
O n ( l b hm) C Table 2-21 . Food, liabitats, and Tolerance Limits of Common Groups of Benthic Invertebrates Adult
- lasiat ure Classification Common Name Description Description Food Habitat Tolerance
{ Food Hydrnzoa liyd ra Radially symmetrical; Carnivore, feeding Bud on side Same as Sessile on rock F main body is elongated on metazoans irw of adult adults and debris cylinder with circlet cluding cladocerans, of tentacles on digi- copgpods, insects, tal end and pedal disk and annelids on proximal end , Turbellaria Flatworms Elongate with exterior Usua lly living on Similar to Same as Under ob- F end differentiated to dea ( or crushed adults adulta jects or in resemble " head", eye. anisal mat ter in- debris spot usually present cluding protozoans, on exterior end rotifers, nematodes Nematoda Roundworms < 1 cm long; body Detritus feeders Eggs; imma- Same as In sand, mud, F slightly tapered and and herbivorous and ture form adults debris, or round with terminal carr.tvorous; carni- similar to vegetation mouth; posterior end vores prey on pro- adult y tozoans, oligochaetes, g tapers to five points rotifers, and other on
- nematodes Bryozoa Bryozoans Unit of organisms Bud (stato- Colonies occur T more or less cylindri- blast) re- on underside of F cal zooid or polypide leased to logs and stones y similar to hydra Operate new or on twigs and color other objects where light is die Oligochaeta Aquatic fegmented worms with Bacteria Cocoons; Same as Common in mud T
$ similar to adults and debris or F g Earth-worms length ranging from 1-30 mm. Prostomium adults in masses of g
0 projects in roof-like filamentous G fashion above mouth; algae O most segments have 9 chitinoid setae ar-2 ranged in bundles 5 0 0 CL I O 3
Table 2-21 (Contd) Adult Immature Classification Common Name Description Food Description Food Habitat Tolerance Hemiptera Bugs Terrestrial and semiaquatic; Predaceous Eggs hatch to Omnivorous and Adults terre- T mouth parts greatly modi- on small nymphs similar carnivorous on strial, semi-fled to form jointed pierc- terrestrial to adult protozoans, algae aquatic, and ing sucking beak; anterine and aquatic and other aquatic aquatic (on wings leathery at base and insects invertebrates beach areas); membranes apical nymphs aquatic around rock and vegetation Trichoptera Caddisflies Head with long, thicklike Feeding not Eggs hatch to Omnivorous and Adults terre- F antennae, mandibles; vest- common larvae with carnivorous feed- strial near I igial; two pairs of wings head and thorax ing on algae, lakes and held roof-like over body heavily scelero- higher plants, streams; larvae and covered with hairlike tized, abdomen crustaceans, under stones in setae soft; most annelids, and debris and vege-build protec- insect larvae tation tive cases N j3 Lepidoptera Aquatic Terrestrial butterflies Feed on Eggs hatch to Feed on algae Adults terre- F ch Caterpillars and moths; body and wings plants larvae having and diatoms strial; found (butterflies covered with scales; long long slender along stems on and moths) antennae body with blood brush or trees gills; mandi-bles are large; flattened; teeth arranged in flat plane Beetles Coleoptera Terrestrial and aquatic; Carnivorous Eggs hatch to Carnivorous and Around stems and T small to large; forewings and herbivor- larvae having herbivorous vegetation F g modified into leathery ous well developed I si elytra head and three II well developed 3 legs on thoracic
] segments n
() s 1 o O C (L I
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3 O O O
p L) V V Table 2-21 (conta) Adult immsture Classification Comanon Name Description Food Description Food Habitat Tolerance Polychaeta -- Head 3-5 enn long bears two large lateral lopho-phoretike structures hav-ing long tentacles; paired eyes near midline. Hirudinea 1.eeches Segmented; dorso-ventcally Parasites on Cocoons; Same as In warm pro- T flattened body hawlsg oral fis* or cru- similar to adults tected shallows F and caudal sucke;. usually staceans or adults where plants, one or more eyespots snails, chiro- stones, and de-nomids, and bris afford con-oligochaetes cealment Cladocera Water Fleas 0.2-3.0 mm to . with tho- Bacteria, Eggs carried Same as Littoral and F racic and C. ominal re- algae, pro- by adult; adults linnetic and gion covered by carapace; tozoa, and young similar in aquatic head has large compound organic to adult vegetation eyes detritus N Copepoda - Elongated body 0.3-3.2 mm Protozoans Eggs hatch to Similar Linnetic; botton F b N and divided into head thorax and ahdomen head algae, and organic debris. to nauplius forms; meta-to adults debris and sand and in fused with first two sen- morphosts some in-ments of thorax; five development stances pairs of appendages parasitic on fish Ostracoda Seed ShrJmp Body 1-3 nun loag covered Bacteria, molds Eggs h.atch to . Similar In algae, decay- F by opaque bivalve shell algae, and line to nauplius; to adults ing vegetation, T detritus metamorphosis rooted aquatics, c) development muJ and gravel Q where there is U little current 3 h 1sopoda Aquatic Body 5-20 mm long and Scavengers Eggs hatch to Similar llide under rocks. T Sow Bug strongly flattened dorso- feeding on to forms to adults vegetation, and F g detric () ventrally; six pairs of live-dead similar to 1 g abdomen appendages animals and adults -- plants ta O C) (L I 3
Table 2-2] (Contd) Adult Iracat ure C?1ssificat'on Common Name Description Food Description " Food Habitat Tolerance Amphipoda Scuds Body S-20 mm long, lat- Omniverous Eggs hatch to similar Hide under rocks. F erally compressed, and s: avengers forms similar to adulta vegetation, and consisting of cephalo- to adult debris thoracic segments, 6-segmented abdomen, and small terminal telson Hydracarina Water Mites Appear to t+ minute Carnivorous Eggs hatch to Parasitic on algae, decay- I. spiders feeding on larval forms on other ing vegetation, worms and small aquatic and rooted insects insects aquatics such as plecopterans, odonates, dip-terans, and hemip-Nymph similar teran immature forms; to adult same as adults Ephemeroptera Mayflies Medium-sized terrestrial None Eggs hatch to -- Adult terrestrial. F da j) insects with delicate have elongated usually clinging I oo many-veined, transparent bodies, larvae to vegetation; wing; held vertically when head; well de- nymph in water at rest vsloped mandibu- under stones and late mouth parts, in vegetation; may stout legs; larvae, burrow in mud or compound eyes and debris large lateral or dorsal gills on abdominal segments-n Preaaceous on Paedaceous Adults terrestrial F jR Odonata Dragunflies Medium-large insects Eggs hatch and Damsel- having long slender mosqaitoes, to aquatic on other nymphs aquatic I ("" aquatic on submerged 3 flies abdomen and two pairs gnats, and nympha; body of long, narrow net- other pests robust or insects vegetation and on (l v rough and and small rocks in sand or vrined wings; head p mobile and bearing large bears spines: fish silt compound eyes large labium 0-(4 0 (L E o 3 9 9 9
V This technique is limited in that it can only provide positive evidence of clean water, and then only when intolerant forms are collected (EPA 1973). In addition, the presence or absence of an organism may reflect qualities of the physical environment other than contamination, including current or subscrate type. Describing the faunal zonation with respect to substrate composition has hopefully eliminated this problem. The identified organisms - most of which are Chironomidae , Tubificidae, or Naididae - are listed by the EPA (EPA 1973) as tolerant or faculative and are so classified here. These organisms reflected the broadest representation in the ponds during this survey and are indicative of a more nutrient-rich state in the ponds than in the lake. Certain other taxa (i.e . , Hydracarina, Hyallela azteca, and some of the Ephemeroptera) are forms termed faculative to intolerant of pollution. Many of the forms just described are present in both the lake and ponds. It is there fore thought that the lake can be classified as relatively oligotrophic (based on numbers of organisms intolerant to pollution), while the ponds contain greater loads of decomposable organic material. Water quality data and daca from other flora and fauna further substantiate this description. The benthic data from this study indicate that, although the area in the vicinity of Station 10 (discharge) may be adversely af fected by the discharge through scouring, the Bailly Generating Station does not contribute significantly to eutrophication in this area. 2.3.3.5 Benthic Statistical Analysis 2.3.3.5.1 Lake Michigan. Total benthic macroinvertebrate densities of Lake Michigan we re subjected to an analysis of variance. In order to stabilize variance, the data values were logarithmically trans formed. Months (seasons) were considered as random affects and stations as fixed ef fects. A complete description of statistical analysis methodology is presented in subsection 2.1.3.3 (Phytoplankton). The summary analysis appears on the following page (,m) .and is tabulated with significant F-statistics marked with an asterisk (as v 0.05). 2-99 science services division
O Across year comparisons reflected the relatively stable temporal density distribution described previously, as no significant dif ferences among years were observed. Significant differences were observed among the 1975-1979 mean densities at each of the stations. Newman Ke ul' s multiple range test results illusttste which stations are significantly dif ferent. A horizontal bar drawn bene 4th the station numbers, as shown below, indicates those stations that are not statistically different from one anothen Lake Station Numbers: 10 7 9 4 1 2 8 5 3 6 Group Similarities: - Density Distribution: lowe s t - h ighe s t Station 10, the discharge area, exhibited the lowest densities. The re-maining stations were generally grouped together by depth contour (1, 4, 7; 2, 5, 8; and 3, 6, 9). Station 9 was the only station out of order in the ranks and shows significantly lower densities than Station 6.
'.979 ANOVA Results Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value Months 3 10.03 5.94*
Stations (1-10) 9 130.33 3.33* Stations (10 vs 1 -9) 1 21.33 4.91* Stations Row (linear contour) 1 80.17 19.54* Row (quadratic contour) 1 3.44 0.84 Column 2 8.48 1.03 Row linear x column 2 12.56 1.53 Row quadratic x column 2 4.36 0.53 Station x month 27 117.27 7.72* Replication 40 22.51 - 9
- a0.05 2-100 science services division
o Iv 1975-1979 Across-Year ANOVA Results Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value Years 4 133.97 3.11 Month 3 99.47 3.03 Station 12 131.33 11.92* Years x month 9 452.86 4.75* Years x station 36 319.77 1.68* Month x station 27 188.55 1.32 Month x station x year 108 570.71 5.76* Replication 200 183.56 -
*a10.05 Months and stations were a significant source of variation during 1979. For f) most stations, November densities were lower than in other months; and, in v
most months, Station 10 reflected significantly lower density. Significant differences were not observed among stations 1 through 9; however, densities generally increased with depth (significant row e f fect) . The significant station x month interaction indicates spatial patterns of density were different from month to month. Generally, densities increased with increased depth during each of the months; however, during April Station 10 exhibited high abundances, whereas during the other months Station 10 had low abundances relative to other stations. 1 2.3.3.5.2 Ponds and Bog. Analysis of variance was performed on total benthos density. The data values were logarithmically trans fo rmed to help stabilize variances. In the analysis of variance, months (seasons) were considered random ef fects and stations were considered fixed. The summary analysis-of-variance table for benthos density appears below with significant (as 0.05) F-statistics marked with an asterisk: O O 2-101 science services division
o 1979 ANOVA Results Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value Months 3 7.88 6.62* Stations (17-21) 4 28.99 6.29* Pond B (17 vs 18) 1 0.53 0.46 Pond C (19 vs 20) 1 15.08 13.09* Pond B vs Pond C 1 0.99 0.87 Ponds vs Bog 1 12.38 10.74* Station x month 12 13.83 2.90* Replication 20 7.94 - 1975-1979 Across-Year ANOVA Results Years 4 135.60 8.96* Month 3 35.30 3.11 Station 4 28.41 1.36 Years x month 12 48.38 5.97* Years x station 16 65.72 2.06* Month x station 12 37.43 1.57 Month x station x year 48 95.65 3.15* Re plicat ion 100 63.30 - Results from 1979 data analysis indicate that seasonal and station density variations were significant sources of variation. Densities during August were significantly lower than during any other month. Station 20 had signi-ficantly higher densities than stations 17, 19, and 21. The pond stations (17-20) had significantly more invertebrates than Cowles Bog. Cross year comparisons re flected the dynamic nature of this system as annual population fluctuations were a significant source of variation. Densities in the ponds were generally uniform from 1977 through 1979 with the 1975 densities signi-ficantly higher than those observed from 1977 through 1979 and the 1976 den-sities significantly higher than those observed in 1977 and 1978. Year x month, year x station, and month x station x year interactions were also significant; however, seasons (month) or stations across years were not significant sources of variation. This combination of significant and 2-102 science services division l l
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()$ nonsignificant factors indicates that variations among stations within months and variations among months within years have occurred. However, monthly and station density estimates averaged across five years indicates no differences among stations or months. 2.4 AQUATIC MACROPHYTON 2.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
. One of the indicators of change in water quality within an aquatic ecosystem is a change in the aquatic plant community. Changes in both the micro (phytoplankton and periphyton) and macro (aquatic macrophyte) forms are observable. Considerably more information has been generated on environmental tolerances of the microforms, but there is also a growing base on tolerances of the larger aquatic macrophytes. With this data base in mind, a study of the submerged and floating macrophytes was conducted in Pond B, Pond C, and Cowles Bog in the Bailly study area during 1979. 2.4.2 METHODOLOGY. During the 1979 sampling, aquatic macrophytes were
/G collected on July 14 at all pond sampling locations. Samples were scheduled Q
to be collected in June, but as a result of the June equipment theft, back-up gear was not available until July. The data collected during July should be directly comparable with previous years' data collected at the enset of summer. Pond B samples were taken in the vicinity of stations 17 and 18, Pond C in the vicinity of stations 19 and 20, and Cowles Bog in the vicinity of Station 21. At each of these locations, representative specimens were collected using a 9-inch by 9-inch dredge at five randomly selected points along a 250-foot transect. The transects were as close as possible to those of 1975 and 1976. Extent of coverage was estimate.d qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data were described in the following terms: e Scattered individuals (or patches) e Uncommon (or relatively uncommon) e Common (or common in certain areas) e Very common e Dominant (" Extent of coverage was estimated also in terms of grams dry weight per 81 square inches of sampler. Table 2-22 presents the results. 103
**I*"****"I*** *I*"
O Table 2.22 Macrophyte Composition, Bailly Study Area, July 1979 Density Location Comon Name Scientific Name Relative Abundance (gm/81 in.2) Pond B Bullhead lily Nuphar sp. Comon 43.6 Water-milfoil Myriophyllum sp. Comon 42.2 Pickerel-weed Pontederia cordata Scattered specimens 0.1 Smartweed Polygonum pennsylvanicum Uncomon 0.8 Pondweed Potamogeton natans Common 17.1 Cattail Typha latifolia comon 0.2 Pond C Bullhead lily Nuphar sp. Commen 191.3 Bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris Dominant 217.6 Cattail Typha latifolia Uncommon 0.1 Water-milfoil Myriophyllum sp. Comon 57.9 Cowles Bog Arrow arum Peltandra virginica Common 56.6 Pondweed Potamogeton natans Comon 108.4 Duckweed Lemna minor Common <0.1 Cattail Typha latifolia Dominant 133.2 Smartweed Polygonum pennsylvanicum Uncomon 0.1 2.4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Summer 1979 macrophyte composition from Pond B was similar to that of 1978 with the addition of a low occurrence of cattails. Species b r-ed in Pond C were fewer in 1979 than in 1978, although the bladderwort and bellhead lily remained the most common and prob-ably dominant plants in this po nd . Cowles Bog continued to be dominated by the cattail species. The dominant / common species were bullhead lily, water-mil foil . pondweed, and cattails. These species were common during the summer 1978 survey also. Total density (grams per 81 square inches) in ponds B and C in 1979 eas relatively similar to that of 1979, while Cowles Bog exhibited almost a three fold increase in 1979, which can be attributed to the occurrence of cattails and pondweed. There have been no changes in the macrophyte flora from 1978 to 1979 that would indicate any in fluence by the construction at the nearby Bailly Station. Diagrams of some of the common macrophytes counted or seen within the ponds are shown in Figure 2-32, and a key to the common nearshore pond flora is provided in Table 2-23. O 2-104 science services division
C5 V'
\
4 , i , k i q Peltandra virginica 1 (Arrow arum) Pontoderia cordata (Pickerel veed) %) Y Typha latifolia , (Cattail) J it Potamogeton natans l 1-(Pondweed) h
-J6- .k'~. h!,e Ceratophyllum demersum T-peY.'
,>,'.7 (Coontail) (
~
N g Brasenia schreberi , (Water shield) (Tl Figure 2-32. Some Common Macrophytes Found in Pond Areas, b Bailly Study Area 2-105 . .ler. > -ervices division
Q Table 2-23 Generalized Key to Connon Nearshore Pond Macrophyte Flora h Collected in Bailly Study Area A. Free floating, withcut roots or with roots pendant in water. I. At surface, upper part of plant ordinarily dry. Lemnaceae - Lemna minor (duckweed) II. Below surface, plant entirely submerged, floating at mid-depths.
- a. Leaves capillary with traps (utricularids)
Lentibulariaceae - Utricularia (bladderwort)
- b. Leaves capillary in whorls, without traps, roots absent but stems sometimes become buried (ceratophyllids).
Ceratophyllaceae - Ceratophyllum (coontail)
- 8. Rootedinsediment(rhizophytes)
I. Part of vegetative structure emerging above water for most of year.
- a. Elongate emergent stems with long cylindrical or narrow flat leaves.
Sparaganiaeae Sparganium (bur-reed) Cyperaceae Carex (sedge) Dulichium arundinaceum (3-way sedge) Eleocharis (spike rush) Scirpus (bulrush) Typhaceae Typh; (cattail)
- b. Leaf-bearing stem emerging well above water with air leaves that are usually lanceolate, elliptical, or compound above water.
Polygonaceae Polygonum (smartweed) Haloragaceae Proserpin g (mermaid-weed)
- c. Foliose, petiole extending above water so that the leaf rather than the whole shoot is emergent; flower stalk ar inflorescence ordinarily emerges above water; emergent leaf cordate, sagittate, or lanceolate.
Pontederiaceae Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed) Araceae Peltandra virginica (arrow arum)
!!. Leaves, or at least some of them, floating but not usually emergent.
- a. Floating leaves cordate, circular, or elongate-oblong.
Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea (water lily) Nuphar (water 111v) Cabombaceae Brasenia (water-snield)
- b. Floating leaves lanceolate Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton (pondweed)
III. Plant, except flower or inflorescence, submerged, perennially or during most of the growing season,
- a. Vittate, long stems or creeping rhizomes with long flexible branches.
j (1) Small leaves Hydrocharitaceae Elodea (waterweed) (2) Leaves negriophyllord, greatly divided Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum (milfoil)
- b. Stem very short, leaves in a rosette.
Hydrocharitaceae Vallisneria (eelgrass) 2-106 science services division j
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Q 2.5 FISHERIES STUDIES 2.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
. The fish community is one of the more important components of the Lake Michigan aquatic system from ecological, commercial, and recreational viewpoints. Fish represent the higher consumer levels in the aquatic ecosystem and provide the basis for the sport and commercial fishing industries. Additionally, fish are excellent indicators of aquatic environmental quality, since changes in environmental conditions often affect changes in the resident fish community. Fish communitics inhabiting a disturbed portion of a water body may differ in some respects (i.e., species composition, growth rates and condition, incidence of parasitism / disease) from the fish community in an undisturbed area of similar habitat. The objective of the fisheries portion of this ongoing study is to obtain baseline data on the fish community in potentially disturbed (experimental) and undisturbed (control) nearshore areas of Lake Michigan in the vicinity of an existing fossil-fueled electric generating plant and a planned nuclear-fueled electric generating plant. These baseline data are being used to evaluate changes, if any, in the Lake Michigan nearshore fish community within and outside an area potentially affected by the combined thermal discharges of these two plants, as well as fish community changes in a natural pond (Pond B) potentially affected by water seepage from existing ash-settling basins. This subsection represents the sixth in a series of fishery study reports characterizing the ecology of the nears,hore Lake Michigan fishery in the study area and the fish community inhabiting Pond B. Adult and juvenile fish samples were collected in Lake Michigan and Pond B during May, July, August, and December 1979 to determine species occurrence, composition, and spatial / temporal distribtion, as well as condition and degree of external parasitic infestation. Additionally, food habits were determined for a number of important species [spottail shiner, salmonids (salmon and brown trout combined), alewife, yellow perch, and gizzard shad]. Similar determinations (except food habits) were performed on fish samples collected in Pond B. Fish eggs and larvae were sampled from Lake Michigan to evaluate the extent and temporal / spatial distribution of spawning, both p within and outside the areas of potential thermal effects. Subsequently, these data were compared with the fishery data base (Texas Instruments 1975, 2-107
=='*a=* =*rv'a = d='+a
C 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979) in order to discern any changes in the resident fish community. 2.5.2 METHOD 01.0GY. Adult and juvenile fish were sampled at control and experimental stations in nearshore Lake Michigan with experimental gill nets and beach seines; Pond B samples were collected by backpack electrofishing. All captured fish were identified, counted, weighed (grams), measured for total length (millimeters), and examined for external parasites. Yo ung-o f-the year fish and smaller species were immediately preserved, and later taken to the laboratory fo r length and weight measurements; larger fish were proceased in the field. 2.5.2.1 Experimental Gill Nets. The experimental gill nets were 91.4 meters (300 feet) long, 3.0 meters (10 feet) deep, and contained 6, 15.2-meter (50-foot) panels. The square panels, as measured from knot to knot, ranged from 25.4 to 88.9 millimeters (1.0 to 3.5 inches). During July and August, experimental gill nets with mesh ranging from 12.7 to 76.2 millimeters (0.5 to 3.0 inches) were used (the original gear was stolen in June and similar nets were not immediately available). Gill nets were set perpendicular to the shore across the 4.6-meter ( 15-foo t ) depth contour at stations 4 and 7 (Figure 2-1) during each sampling month. Generally, the nets were set in the late af ternoon and retrieved the following morning. The nets were anchored at each end with concrete blocks attached to the leadlines and buoyed with polyethylene floats attached to the floatlines. 2.5.2.2 Beach Seine. Shore-zone samples were collected during daylight at stations 23, 24, and 25 (Figure 2-1) during each sampling month with a 15.2-meter (50-foot) long, 1.2-meter (4-foot) deep beach seine, having 3.1-millimeter (0.125-inch) square mesh webbing. Samples were taken by wading to a depth of 0.9 meter (3 feet), drawing the seine parallel to the shoreline, and hauling both ends of the net simultaneously shoreward. Caution was exercised to ensure that the net was stretched its entire length and that the leadline was hauled slightly ahead of the floatline. Following net retrieval, samples were concentrated in the center of the seine, removed, and immediately preserved in 10 percent buf fered formalin. 2-108 science services division
O ( ,' 2.5.2.3 Electrofishing Unit. A Coffelt Model BP-2 backpack electro-fishing unit was used to collect duplicate electrofishing samples in August at pond stations 17 and 18 (Figure 2-1). The duplicate samples were of 5-minute duration each. The fish collected during each sample were bagged separately and immediately preserved in 10 percent buffered formalin. 2.5.2.4 Benthic Pump. Ichthyoplankton samples were taken immediately above the substrate, using a Gorman-Rupp water pump with reinforced neoprene intake and discharge hoses during daylight at stations 4 and 7 in April, June, and November 1979. The stream of water from the pump was directed into a conical hoop net, with 80-micron mesh netting, suspended in the water column. Fish eggs and larvae contained in the volume of water strained in 15 minutes (3.41 cubic meters) constituted a single sample, and four samples were collected at each station. Ichthyoplankton samples were stained with Lugo l' s iodine and rose bengal solutions and preserved in 4 percent buffered formalin. Fish eggs and larvae were removed from the samples and identified and enumerated under magnification using standard freshwater identification C' keys and other relevant literature. 2.5.2.5 Hoop Net. Zooplankton samples (: action 2.2) netted during daylight at stations 1 through 10 also were examined for ichthyoplankton during each sampling month. Fish eggs and larvae were removed from each sample and identified anc. enumerated. 2.5.2.6 Food Habits. Food habits of 50 individuals (25 juveniles and 25 adults, when sufficient numbers were collected) of each selected species [ alewi fe , yellow perch, spottail shiner, carp, gizzard shad, and all salmonids (salmon and trout combined)] were determined from fish collected by gill net and beach seine. Smaller fish were injected with buf fered formalin to halt gastric digestion and preserved whole; only the stomachs of larger fish were preserved. Stomach contents we re . teased out into a petri dish and the food items identified to the lowest practical taxon and enumerated. Quantitative data C were used to determine each t axon' s frequency of occurrence and percentage 2-109 science services division
o with respect to total number of organisms counted. Qualitative estimates of stomach fullness and degree of digestion were also recorded for each Itsh examined. To more accurately represent each food it em' s impo rt anc e , percent estimated importance (Importance Index) was determined by multiplying the individual percentage volume of each food item by the percent fullness of each individual stomach; thus, a food organism representing 60 percent of the volume in a stomach would be rated at 42 percent in a 70 percent full stomach (i.e. , 0.060 x 0.70 = 0.420) . The percent estimated importance values of all food items encountered in each species were added together, and each food item's importance was expressed as a percentage of the total food values in all stomachs. 2.5.2.7 Data Analysis. Catch per unit e f fort (C/f) was the principal criterion used to determine spatial and temporal distribution patterns of fish, and was de fined for gill net catches as the number of fish collected in a single overnight gill net set and, for beach seines, as the number of fish collected per seine haul. Catch per unit e f fort was tabulated for each species and an average value calculated for various t ime periods (i.e. , month, year, study to date) and for each sampling location. Condition factors (Lagler 1956) were calculated for individual fish using the equation 5 Wx 0 K= 3 where K = condition factor W = wcight in grarr? L = length in millimeters Additionally, monthly and yearly averages were calculated for each species. l l l Densities (number per cubic meter) of each ichthyoplankton taxon collected by ( zooplankton hoop net and epibenthic pump were calculated for each sample using the following equation: x s Density of eggs or larvae of taxa = 7p 2-110 science services division
n.
) . where x = number of eggs or larvae of taxa within aliquot analyzed f = total volume of aliquot s = volume of sample v = total volume of lake water sampled Mean densities of eggs and/or larvae of individual taxa were calculated for each set of four replicate samples collected at each station using the following equation:
Mean density of eggs or larvae . (d1+d2 +d3...d)x of taxa at a specific location r x where d = density of eggs or larvae of taxa in an individual replicate r = number of replicates O G' 2.5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2.5.3.1 Species Composition. Sixteen species were identified from the 1306 fish collected in the Bailly Study Area during 1979 (Table 2-24). In general, the species composition observed in 1979 samples was similar to the compositon observed in previous years; however, some differences were , noted. Eight species collected in previous years were not collected in 1979; however only two of these species, carp and coho salmon, were collected in more than two of the past five years. Three species - lake herring, longnose sucker, and trout perch - were collected for the first time in 1979. Spottail shiner was the dominant fish collected by gill net (43.1 percent) and beach seine (99.9 percent) at Lake Michigan stations during 1979. Other abundant species taken by these gear included alewife, yellow perch, and emerald shiner. Black bullhead and a sunfish were the .ly fish species collected in Pond B during the 1979 study period. i v 2-111 science services division
e Table 2-24 Common and Scientific Names of Fish Collected in Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Name fiay 1974- Ptar 1975- Mar 1976- tiar 1977- Mar 1978- Mar 1979-Cormon Scientific Feb 1975 Feb 1976 Feb 1977 Feb 1978 Feb 1979 Fea 1980 Herrings Clupeidae Alesa pseudoharenous X X Alewife X X X X X X X X Gizzard shad Dorosoma ceredianum X - Trouts and Salmon Salmonidae X Crown trout Salmo trutta X X X X X X Steelhead trout 5. satroneri X X - X X Lake trout falvel taus namaycush X X X X X X X Chinook salmon Ocenornyncus tsnawytscha X X X X X C,ho salmon 0, kisutch X X X X X - Lose whitefish Coregonus clureiformis X - - - - - Lake herrin9 C. artedii - - - - - X Smelts Osmeridae
- X X Painbow smelt Osmerus medau X - X Machinnews Uncridae - -
Central mudrinnow" U-tsrs ljimi 1 - - Minnows and Carps Cyprinidae
- - X Emerald shiner *:otropis antharinoides X X -
Scottail shiner ... nuasonius X X X X X X Carp Cyprinus carpio X X X X - - Suckers Catostomidae hhite sucker Catostomus comersoni - X - X - X Shorthead redhorse ?bxostoma macrolepidotum - - - X - Lcngnose sucker Catostomes catostomus - - - - - X Freshwater catfish Ictaluridae Channel catfish Ictalanas punctatus - X - - X - X X x Black bullhead ** 1. nelas X X X Sunfish Centrarchidae Blue 9ill *" Lepomis macrochirus - X X - - . Green sunfish ** L. cyane11us X - - X Rock bass Tcbloplites rupestris - X - - - - Perc'i Percidae Yellcv g rch Perca flavescens X X X X X X Trout-perch Percopsis omiscosraycus .
- - - . X Anerican Fishery Society. 1970. Spec. Pub. '4o. 6, 3rd ed. "Taken only in nearshore . nds.
Taken in nearshore pond and :n Lake Michigan, 2.5.3.2 Gill Net Sampling. Gill net sampling accounted for 518 of the 1240 fish colected during 1979 in the study area (Table 2-25). Spottail shiner was the dominant species collected, followed by alewife, emerald shiner, and yellow perch. This apparent shift in species c ompos it ion from previous years was due to large catches of spottail shiner and emerald shiner which were not collected in gill nets prior to 1979. The large catch of spottail and emerald shiner was due to a small mesh size used during 1979 2-112 science services division
1 l I l A U (see Section 2.5.2.1) and not to a change in the fish community. Typically, apparent shifts in species c omposition (consisting primarily of alewife, yellow perch, and salmonids) during previous study years (1974-1978) were related to fluctuations in alewife and salmonid populations. State and federal fish stocking programs largely govern the size of salmonid populations in the study area, while alewife population levels ._ay still be adjusting, following their relatively recent (1949) invasion of Lake Michigan and the salmonid introductions designed to curb their population levels. Table 2-25 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1974 No. % No. % No. % No. 5 Connon Name No. % No. % 17.9 285 54.8 123 66.8 18 15.0 576 72.1 124 23.9 Alewife 68 1.5 Brown trout 11 2.9 9 1.7 7 3.8 2 1.7 23 2.9 8 Carp 4 1.1 4 0.8 3 1.6 5 4.2 - - - - Channel catfish - - 2 0.4 - - - - 1 0.1 - - 14 3.7 2 0.4 2 1.1 29 24.2 14 1.8 13 2.5 Chinook salmon /N Coho sak m 2 0.5 47 9.0 1 0.5 8 6.7 23 2.9 - -
- - - - 101 19.5
() Emerald shiner - - - - - - 0.2 Gizzard shad 1 0.3 - - 1 0.5 1 0.8 2 0.2 1 Lake herring - - - - - - - - - - 1 0.2 35.3 10.2 2.7 16 13.3 110 13.8 8 1.5 Lake trout 134 53 5 Lake whitefish 1 0.3 - - - - - - - - Longnose sucker - - - - - - - - - - 1 0.2
<0.1 0.5 - - 6 0.7 2 0.4 Rainbow smelt 1 - - 1 Rock bass - - 1 0.2 - - - - - - -
Shorthead redhorse - - - - - - 2 1.7 - - - - Spottail shiner - - - - - - - - - - 223 43.1 9.7 0.6 1 0.8 8 1.0 3 0.6 Steelhead trout 37 3 -
- - - - - 1 0.2 Trout-perch - -
2 0.4 1 0.8 - - 1 0.2 White sucker - - - - 6.0 Yellow perch 108 28.4 112 21.5 41 22.3 37 30.8 36 4.5 31 520 184 120 - 799 - 518 - Total 381 - - - The total gill net catch (all species combined) for 1979 was lower than 1975 and 1978, but higher than in 1974, 1976, and 1977 (Table 2-26). Gill net catches were highest in July and lowest in December. The high July catch was due to a large catch of spottail shiners. High spring gill net catches have been observed in 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978, and probably were a result of inshore spawning activities of some species ( yellow perch, alewife) and nearshore movements of salmon and trout. O V 2-113 science services division
o Table 2-26 h Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Catch (All Specios Combined) Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Cate Catch Catch Catch Samoles C/f ) 1974 l May 26 9 46 55 2 27.5 1 Jun 15 7 22 2 li.0 Jul 79 34 113 2 56.5 Aug 3 6 9 2 4.5 Oct 4 24 43 72 2 36.0 Oct 24 al 20 61 2 30.5 Nov 18 37 12 49 2 24.5 Total fis5 208 173 381 j Total samoles 7 7 14 C/f* 29.7 24.7 27.2 l 107 ,3, .. .. .. 0 .. apr 17 150 134 204 2 142.0 J 14.5 I May 22 13 16 29 2 Jun l'3 35 19 54 2 27.0 l Auo a 26 30 56 2 28.0 l
*;ov 3 59 33 97 2 43.5 Total fish 233 237 520 Total saroles 5 5 10 C/f 56.6 47.4 52.0 1976 Ace 7 82 42 124 2 62.0 Jun 6 5 9 14 2 7.0 4sa 12 23 37 2 1S.5
*eev 10 7 2 9 2 4.5 Total fish 103 31 164 Total samnles 4 4 3 C/f 25.3 20.3 23.0 I?77 Ane 14 35 33 63 2 34.0 l Jun 11 7 4 11 2 5.5
- Aug 26 21 17 39 2 19.0
'lov 23 1 2 3 2 1.5 Total fish 64 56 120 l Total saroles 4 5 3 C/f 15.0 14.0 15.0 1978 Arr 21 303 255 563 2 281.5 Jun 17 43 26 69 2 34.5 Aun 21 67 12 79 2 39.5 ov 19 43 43 50 2 24.0 l i
Total fisn 463 336 79o l Total smotes 4 4 8 C/f 115.8 P4.0 99.9 l l 1979 i Ma y 5 108 38 l'6 2 73.0 ! Jul 15
- 254 254 1 254.0 56.5 Av9 12 40 73 112 2 l l Dec 6 3 2 5 2 2.5
( Total ffsn 151 367 518 Total samples 3 4 7 ( 59.6 l C/f 50.3 91.5 1974 1979 i 70tal fisn 1272 .250 2522 Tctal samples 27 23 55 l C/f 47.1 44.6 45.9
.. Catch per overni9 ht set.
'io sarole collected.
2-114 science services division
l Spatial distribution during 1979 ('rable 2-26) was characterized by higher catch per-unit-effort (50.3) at the warm-water station (Station 4) than at the down-lake control station, Station 7 (37.7). July data was not used in this comparison due to loss of one sample. The 1974-1978 catch per-unit-effort (C/f) values were slightly higher at Station 4, indicating that fish prefer this area over the area at Station 7. 2.5.3.3 Beach Seine Sampling. Beach seine sampling during 1979 produced 784 fish consisting of two species, spottail shiner and brown trout (Table 2-27). Numbers of fish collected by beach seine during 1979 were considcr-ably lower than the numbers collected during most previous years (1974-1978). Previously, species composition, although not strictly comparable because of reduced sampling frequency in 1975, had shifted from a shore-zone community dominated by alewife and spottail shiner during 1974, 1975, and 19'6 to a community dominated primarily by spottail shiner and yellow perch during IE- The return to a spottail shiner-and alewife-dominated community during 1978 was due primarily to substantial increases in the catch for these two C,m species. In 1979 most fish collected were spottail shiner. These changes in relative abundance were probably not related to Bailly Generating Station operation or Bailly Nuclear-1 construction activities. Spottail shiner generally has been the most numecous species collected throughout the 1974-1979 study period. Changes in the relative abundance of spottail shiner have been due to the variable numbers of alewi fe collected during each year. Possible reasons for variable numbers of alewife included natural variations in abundances and that alewives may have been in deeper water' during the 1979 sampling periods. Table 2-27 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 1974 1975 1976 1917 1978 1979 Common Name No. . No. . No. % No. % No. % No. % Alewife 1762 84.0 1232 32.2 2033 51.2 1 0.4 140 ' 5.5 - - Bluegill - - 1 0.1 6 0.2 - - - - - - Brown trout 12 0.6 - - - - - - - - 1 0.1 Chinook salmon 10 0.5 5 0.1 - - 3 1.2 7 0.3 - - Emerald shiner 1 <0.1 3 0.1 - - - - - - - - ! Gizzard shad 4 0.2 - - - - - - - - - - Spottail shiner 282 13.5 2563 67.0 1928 48.6 220 89.8 2361 93.3 783 99.9 i
,o Steelheac' trout 1 <0.1 - - - - - - - - - -
l lV i
} White Sucker Yellow perch 19 0.9 21 0.5
- 20 1 0.4 8.2 16 0.6 Rainbow smelt - - - _
- - - - 8 0.3 - -
Total 2091 - 38 3 -
?967 -
245 - 2532 - 184 2-115 science sonicos eWco
O Beach seine catches were highest during July and were dominated by sub-adult h fish. Highest beach seine catches during previous years (1974-1978) occurred during August and were dominated by young-of-the year fish through 1977, and sub-adult fish in 1978. Zero, or extremely low seine catches have occurred during April sampling since 1975; this trend continued during May 1979. Additionally, zero ot near-zero catches occurred at all station. during August and December 1979, which was not the case in previous years. There was no obvious reason for these low catches during August and December 1979. Spatial distribution of total catch (all species combined) during 1979 was characterized by high catches at Station 24 (experimental or warm-water station) and low catches at Sta ion 23 (contrcl station) (Table 2-28). During most of the previous years (1974-1978), yearly catch values were usually higher at Station 24 However, higher catches usually varied by sample date from Station 24 to 25, indicating that fish may prefer the area of one beach seine station over the other during certain times of the year. 2.5.3.4 Electrofishing. Electrofishing in F.ad B during 1979 produced 3 g black bullhead and 1 sunfish (Table 2-29). Black bullhead has dominated each of the previous years' collections except during 1974, when only one black bullhead was collected and qualitative dip net samples documented the pre-sence of central mudminnow and green sunfish. The three black bullhead . l collected during 1979 ranged from 115 to 157 millimeters in total length, and l had a mean condition factor of K = 1.52 (Table 2R8, subsection 2.5.4.1.4). 2.5.3.5 Ichthvoplankton. Fish eggs collected during 1979 included alewife, j smelt, cyprinid (probably carp), and unidentified eggs (Tables 2-30, 2-32, l and 2-34). Alewife, smelt, and cyprinid larvae were the only larval taxa collected during 1979 (Tabtes 2-31 and 2-33). Alewife eggs and larvae have been the dominant ichthyoplankton collected during previous years. Alewife egg densities in 1979, an indication of alewife spawning in the Bailly area, were slightly higher than 1974, 1975, 1977 and 1978 concentrations, but were lower than densities found in 1976 samples (Table 2-30). Alewife eggs were collected only in June 1979, a month when peak egg densities were observed during previous years; concentrations were higher at stations 1 and 10 than at other sampling locations. SClenCS SerVICOS dlVISIOn
Table 2-28 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Catch (All Species Combined) Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25 Total Total Cate Catch Catch Catch Catch Samples C/f 1974 I %y 24 3 32 0 90 3 30.0 Jun 23 0 14 0 14 3 4.7 al 2 77 461 540 3 180.0 Aug 26 1 738 102 841 3 280.3 3.3 Seo 21 0 0 10 10 3 Nov 7 233 20 0 253 3 84.3 Nov 7 329 14 0 343 3 114.3 Total fish 573 045 573 7091 Total sarples 7 7 7 21 C/f* C1.9 135.0 81.9 99.5 1975 t'a r 27 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Apr 17 1 0 0 1 3 0.3 ftay 19 102 0 50 152 3 50.7 Jun 13 213 595 12 021 3 273.7 Auo 8 497 991 1363 2851 3 950.3 Nov 2 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Total its9 818 1526 1425 3825 Total samoles 6 6 6 18 C/f 135.7 264.3 237.5 212.5 1976 Apr 10 1 0 0 1 3 0.3 Jun 8 7 1596 31 1634 3 544.7 1 ) Aug 11 0 638 If99 2331 3 777.0 i Nov 16 0 1 0 1 3 0.3 Total fish 2 2235 1724 3967 Total sanples 4 4 4 12 C/f 2.0 558.8 431.0 330.6 1977 Aar 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Jun 10 2 19 2 23 3 7.7 Aug 26 3 39 172 219 3 73.0 Nov 20 0 1 2 3 3 1.0 Total fish 10 59 176 245 Total semples 4 4 4 12 C/f 2.5 14.3 44.0 20.4 1973 Apr 10 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Jun 16 32 2276 13 2326 3 775.3 Aug 10 8 47 87 142 3 47.3 Nov 13 0 64 3 C4 3 21.3 Total fish. 40 2307 103 2532 Total samples 4 4 4 12 C/f 10.0 55E.3 26.3 211.0 ) I 1979 j May 5 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Jul 15 and 23 0 '" 66 783 3 261.0 Aug 16 0 3 0 0 3 0.0 Dec 4 1 0 0 1 3 0.3 , Total fish 1 717 66 784 I Total samoles 4 4 4 12 j C/f 0.3 179.3 16.5 65.3 j 1974-1979 Total fis* 1446 7929 4069 13.444 O Total samples ^J 29 29 87
,C/f 49.3 273.4 140.3 154.5
- Catch per seine haul .
2-117 science services division
o Table 2-29 g Number of Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Electrofishing, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 1974* 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979** Cocmon Name No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Black bullhead 1 3.6 10 90.9 42 100 2 100 22 100 3 75 Bluegill - - 1 0.1 - - - - - - - - Central mudminnow 1 3.6 - - - - - - - - - - Green sunfish 26 92.9 - - - - - - - - - - Sunfish - - - - - - - - - - 1 25 Total 28 11 42 2 22 4 Qualitative dip net samples taken in September; electrofishing produced no fish. Samples collected only during August. Alewife larvae were collected during June and August 1979; concentrations were highest at stations 1 and 10 (Table 2-31). Alewife larval densities were similar to previous years and actual numbers indicate the similar usage of these sampling locations as a nursery area. Based on the presented data (1974-1979), no consistent yearly dif ferences in egg or larval concentrations were evident between sampling stations. No eggs or larvae were collected in nearshore ponds. The effect of the warm-water discharge on the nearshore spawning and nursery areas in the Bailly vicinity was further determined by sampling fish eggs and larvae with an epibenthic pump during April, June, and November at a warm-water station (Station 4) and a control station (Station 7). Alewife eggs and larvae were the only ichthyoplankters collected with the epibenthic pump during 1979 (Table 2-32 and 2-33). Based on the presented data (1974-1979), no consistent yearly differences in ichthyoplankton concentrations were shown between the two sampling locations. Samples have been collected during November to detect salmonid spawning; however, no salmonid eggs or larvae have been collected from 1974 to 1979. Incidental ichthyoplankton observations from Ponar dredge samples are shown in Table 2-34. Although not all samples contained eggs, those which did yielded from 1 to approximately 1500 eggs per ponar grab sample. The vertically hauled zooplankton net yielded fewer eggs, indicail-+ net samples probably underestimate e22 density in this area of Lake Michigan, science services division 2-118
P k I Table 2-30 1 i i Mean Densities
- of Fish Eggs Collected by Vertical Net Tows, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 1976 1977 1973 1979 ,
1974 1975 5 tat ion Ta non Ma y Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct how feb Nr Anr Ny Jun Aug how Apr Jun Aug Now Apr Jur. Aug how Apr Jun Aug how Apr Jun Aug 1 Alewife . . - - - - . - - - 2.23 - - - 2.80 . . - 0.13 - - - 12.22 . - . 9L 68 . , un ndentified . - - - - . - . . . . - - . . . . . . . . - - - - - 0.14 . 1 2 Alewife - - . . . . . . . . - 0.23 - - - 0.30 . - - . . - - 2.89 . . . . . Unidenttf ted . - . . . . - . . . . - - . . . . . - 0.04 . . - . - . - . - j 3 Ale =l f e - = 0.01 - . . . - - - . . - - . 5.00 - . - 1.57 . . - 0.55 . - - - - Unidentif ned - - . . . . . - - - . . . . - - . - - . - . . - - . 0.47 - - 4 Alewif e . . . . . . . . - . . . . - - 381.80 - . . 0.14 - - . 0.21 . . . . . Unidenttf eed - 0.01 . - - . . . - - - - - - - - . . - - . . . . - Gizzard shed - - - - . - - - . . . . - . . . 0.70 - - - . . - . . . . . . 5 Alewi fe - - . . . . . - - - - - . . . 4.60 . - . 0.14 . . - 1.73 . . . . . [ Ctzzard shad . - .
. . - .. . - - . . . . - - 0.03 . . - - . - . . - - - -
Cyprinidae . .. - - - - . . . . - . . - - . - - . . . - . 0.04 - - . . . 'I unidentif ied - . . . . . - - - . - - . - - . - . . . . . . - - - - 0.04 - 6 Alewife . - 0.01 - - - - - . - . 0.17 - - . 0.40 . - - 0.0? - - . 0.48 - - - . . h p 7 Alewife Unidentif ted 1.10 F.50 0.07 43 0.20 0.11 0.92 8 Alewife . 0.27 - - . - - - . - . 0.14 - - . . . . . . - - - . . . 662:ard shad . . . - . - - . . . . . . . . - 0.07 . . - - . - - - - . - - 9 Alewife . . . . . . . . . . - 0.25 . . . 0.90 . . - 1.80 - . . l.49 - - - . .
%uelt 0.02 . . - . - . - . . - . - - - -
10 Alewif e - - 0.13 - - - . - . . . - - . - 4.50 . - - 3.12 - . . 1.50 - . - 32.68 . Uniden t ti ted 0.10 - . . - . - . - . . - . 0.58 - - - . . . - - . -
- . 0.40 0.07 -
Cyprinidae - - - . - . . . . - - . . - . . - - - - - - . 0.17 - - . 0.07 - Laelt - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - * - - * * - -
- . 2.61 . -
l e Mean number per cubic meter. 2_ fi 3 41 O b, a 4 t 4 $$
! O
> 0 I S.. 1 t.$ 1 - Vb 3
,1 4
o Table 2-31 Mean Densities
- of Fish Larvae Collected by Vertical Net Tews, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1974 St Jun Jul Aug Sep Oc t hv Feb ttar Apr Ma y Jun Aug Mov Apr Jun A4 kw Apr Jun Aq hv Apr Jun Aug hv Apr Jun Aug Stat hm Tamon 0.56 - - - 9.M . - 0.21 - - 0.07 - - - 1.39 0. 0/
1 Alewife - 0.04 0.19 - - - - - - - - Dorter sp. - - - - - - - - 0.23 . - - - - - - - 0.49 C ypr t nidae - - - - 0.70 - - - - - - - 0.18 - - - 0.13 - - . 00/ 0.11 2 Alewif e - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - 1.34 - - - 0.n6 - - - 0.04 - - - - 3 Alewife 0.n2 0.09 0.02 - - - - - - - - .
- - - - - - - - 0.08 - -
5 melt . . - - - - - 9.00 0.01 0.11 - - - - - 0.01 - 4 Alewi f e - 0.04 0.15 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.53 - - 0.0/ - - 0.10 - - - 0.04 - - . - 0.04 5 Alewif e - 0.14 0.01 - - - - - - - - - tu t< tent i f ied . . . . . - - . - - - 0.14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - . . 0.0/ . - - - - - - 0.04 - - - - -
tJ Perc td - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1.09 - - - 0.01 - - - 0.10 - - . - - - - - 0.02
>-8 6 Alewife - 0.04 . . - - - - - - -
tJ O Alewif e - 0.07 0.19 - - - - - - - - - . - - 2.20 - - 0.07 - - - - - - - - - 7
- - - - - - - - 0.42 - - - 0.20 0.07 - - 0.15 . - . 0.04 - - - 0.04 -
8 A lew t i . - 0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - -
%ne t t . . - - - - - . . . 0.14 - - - - - - - - - -
0.07 0.01 - - - - - - 0.06 - - - 0.02 - - - - 9 Alewife - - . - - . - - - - feep-water stulpin - - - - - . . - - - 0.06 - - - - - - - . . - - - - - . - 0.11 - - - - - - - - 0.40 - - - - - - - 0.0R - - - 3.33 - 10 Alen t ee - - - - - Cyprinidae - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.12 . - - - - - - - - 0.07 . - Wlt - - - - - Mean nisnt.er per (ubic arter. g (4 h 3 O I O 1 O t1 9 C O O Q. C r3 3 O O O
o g) i Table 2-32 v Mean Densities
- of Fish Eggs Collected by Benthic Pump, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 1974 1975 1976 1977*** 1978 1979 Station Tanon May** Jun Jul Now Apr May Jun Jul New Aor Jun Nov Aor Jun Nov Apr Jun Now Apr Jun Nov 4 Alewife 0.31 - - - - - - 0.51 - - - - - 0.29 - - - - - - -
7 Alewife 0.14 - - - - - - 4.25 - - 0.90 - - 0.07 - - - - - 2.97 - Unidentified - - - - - - - 11.22 - - - - - - 10 Alewife - - - - - - 27.27 - - - 18.50 - - - . . - - - - - Unidentified . - - - - 2.00 0.76 - - - - - - - - - -
- wean nureer per cubic meter.
** Collections at stations 4 and 7 made with 0.5-mets * (1.6-foot) epibenthic sted havir.9 net with 333-micron mesh aperture.
***(ptbenthic pump replaced by hoop net at Station 10 during 1977.
Table 2-33 Mean Densities *of Fish Larvae Collected by Benthic Pump, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 107/ Ir?" _ 976 1977'** 1979 1979 Station Taxon M e** An h1 "ov Pre M4- hn Jul Nov Apr bn Nov Apr he Nov Apr Nn Nov Apr Jun Nov 4 Alewife 0.01 - - - - - 0.76 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Unidentified 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
/"N 7 Alewife - - - - - - 1.78 0.25 - - - - - 0.22 - - - - - 0.11 -
{d i Leidentified Cyprinidae 0.07 10 No catch Mean ntreer per cubic meter.
** Collections at stations 4 and 7 made with 0.5-eeter (1.6-foot) epitenthic sted having net with 333-micron mesh aperture.
Epibenthic pure replaced by hoop net at Station 13 during 1977. 2.5.4 SPECIES DISCUSSION. The following species discussion addresses spatial and temporal distribution, reproduction in the study area, condition, and external parasitism for each species collected during 1979. Food habits will also be discussed for selected species [ alewife, gizzard shad, salmonids (salmon and trout), spottail shiner, and yellow perch). 2.5.4.1 Alewife. 2.5.4.1.1 Introduction. The alewife is a small, exotic fish that has become established in all five of the Laurentian Great Lakes (Scott and Crossman 1973). Its invasion of Lake Michigan was first detected in May 1949, when a single adult was taken in a gill net set off South Manitou _t
\j Island (Miller 1957). Since that time, it has become the most abundant and 2-121 science services division
O Table 2-34 Incidental Ichthyoplankton Observations from Ponar Grap Samples, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Date* Station Species Life Stage No. No./m2 Apr 1B Rainbcw smelt Egg 4 77 1979 4B Rainbow smelt Egg 7 135 5B Rainbow smelt Egg 1 19 9B Rainbow smelt Egg 55 1,058 10A Rainbow smelt Egg =500 =9,600 10B Rainbow smelt Egg =60 =1,150 Jun lA Alewife Egg =1,500 =29,000 1979 2A Alewife Egg =10 =200 28 Alewife Egg =10 =200 3B Alewife Egg 9 173 4A Alewife Egy 7 135 4B Alewife Egg =30 =600 Alewife 6A Egg =35 =700 6B Alewife Egg 26 500 7A Alewife Egg =50 =950 7B Alewife Egg =25 =500 8B Alewife Egg =25 =500 9B Alewife Egg 3 58 No ichthyoplankton observed in Augu t and November. O widely distributed species in the lake, occupying all areas of the lake and its tributaries, estuaries, and bays during different seasons of the year (Smith 1968). The alewife has a strong competitive advantage over the other planktivorous species because of its efficient filter-feeding behavior and l l its characteristic of forming dense schools (Smith 1968). Because dense schools of alewife occupy different portions of the lake during different seasons of the year, they can influence all other fish species (Smith 1968). l l l 2.5.4.1.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution. Gill net catches of alewift 1 l were highest during May and lowest during August and December 1979 (Table l l 2-35). Gill net catches of alewife in May 1979 were higher at St at io n 4 l (warm-water station) than at Station 7 (control or unaf fected station). Gill net catches during previous years showed no consistent yearly preference for l area (station) although overall catch rate (1974-1979) for the two gill net stations was highest at Station 4 (24.2 per set at Station 4, 18.8 per set at Station 7). Alewife catches were lower during 1979 than in 1978, but s imilar to other years. In 1979, as in each of the previous years, alewife catches l were higher during spring than during summer and fall. Mean lengths and 1 2-122 science services division l
O
-m
\ we ight s of alewife (Table 2-35) were similar at the two gill net stations during May (when numbers permitted comparison) all fish collected were adults. Severel authors (Norden 1968, Wcils 1968, and Brown 1472) reported that alewife overwinter in deep water, initiate shoreward spawning migrations led by larger fish during March, and become most abundant in nearshore areas in late April and May. After spawning, alewife gradually move back to the deeper water. No alewife were collected by beach seining during 1979 (Table 2-36). Apparently alewife were not spawning in the shallow areas during sampling periods as in previous years. Overall catch records (1974-1979) show that greater numbers of alewife (usually young-of-the year) have been seined at Station 25 (C'f = 89.4), decreasing in a westward direction to a low at Station 23 (C/f = 36.4). 2.5.4.1.3 Food Habits. Adult alewife collected in the Bailly vicinity p during 1979 fed primarily on zooplankton and chironomid larvae (Table 2-37). Presence of these organisms indicates that alewife probably fed in open water and along the lake bottom. Zooplankton and chironomid larvae were equally important food items as determined by frequency of occurrence. Based on the importance index (subsection 2.5.2.6), unidentifiable zooplankton was the most impo rtant food item, followed by chironomid larvae. Data from previous yearn (1974-1978) indicated that alewife fed primarily sn w ;1ankton (Texas Instruments 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979); however, Webb and McComish (1974) and Rhodes et al (1974) reported that fish eggs and larval alewife were important food items of Lake Michigan alewife Juring late summer and early f all, a time period when few alewives have been collected in the Bailly study. 2.5.4.1.4 Candition and Parasitism. Condition factors for alewife collected during 1979 were higher than those collected during 1974 and 1977, and slightly lower than those observed during 1975, 1976, and 1978 (Table 2-38). Yearly condition factors were similar to those reported by Liston and Tack /^'i (/ (1973). No obvious external parasites were noted on alewife collected during 1978. Parasites that have been known to infest alewife have been previously discussed by Texas Instruments (1975). 2-123 science services division
O Table 2-35 Cat::h per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Alewives g Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date Catch 2 Length 1 SE 2 Weight t SE Catch X Length 1 SE 1 Weight 1 SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 44 204.31 9.9 63.5 1 9.7 48 2 24.0 May 26 4 200.5 1 12.9 53.0111.4 11 2 5.5 Jun 7 192.7 1 38.9 75.9158.6 4 189.6 3 31.5 37.0 1 11.7 6 46.5115.2 2 207.5 t 10.6 40.0 1 4.2 8 2 4.0 Jul 162.7 1 66.9 0.0 Aug 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 oct 4 61.0 1 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 1 190.0 1 0.0 - 0 2 0.0 Oct 24 0 - - 0 - Nov 8 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total iish 18 50 68 Total samples 7 7 l' 7.14 '*9 C/f** 2.6 1975 ***
*** *** *** 0 Mar Apr 17 117 66.3 ; 8.2 116 202.2 2 7.5 67.9 ! 4.4 23J 2 116.5 102.8 1 10.0 11.5 May 22 9 63.7113.0 14 207.9 1 14.8 65.1 1 13.0 23 2 203.0 1 11.9 17 2 8.5 Jun 18 11 202.2 1 19.0 53.6 1 12.4 6 194.6 1 14.3 46.2 + 8.6 Aug 8 6 196.1 1 10.3 51.0 1 12.3 3 180.0 t 30.0 39.0 1 21.9 9 2 4.5 Nov 3 3 203.0 1 3.0 62.0 + 9.2 0 0 0 3 2 1.5 Total fish 146 139 285 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 29.2 27.8 28.5 1976 Apr 7 76 202.9 1 1.0 64.0 1 1.2 37 205.1 1 1.2 68.9 1 1.0 113 2 56.5 2 5,0 Jun 6 2 207.5 1 2.5 55.5 1 4.5 8 194.0 t 8.8 52.3 1 6.9 10 Aug 12 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 78 45 123 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 19.5 11.3 15.4 1977 Apr le 9 Jun 11 214.6 1 '.63 65.0 1 6.22 6 210.8 + 11.02 56.3 + 9.63 15 2 7.5 Aug 26 1
208.0 1 0 57.0 + 0 2 199.0 I 0.00 86.5 + 3.50 3 2 1.5 0 - - 0 ! ! 0 2 0 Nov 23 o . - 0 0 2 0 Total fish 10 3 g3 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 2.5 2,0 ;,3 1973 Apr 23 283 203.1 1 1.01 69.1 1 0.85 246 203.3 + 1.09 68.8 1 0.93 529 2 264.5 Jun 17 30 201.0 + 2.14 66.2 + 1.62 16 199.4 +, 3.36 67.6 + 2.89 46 2 23.0 Aug 21 0 - - - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - 1 197.0 + 0.0 67.0 1 0.0 1 2 0.5 Total fish 313 263 576 Total samples 4 4 S C/f 78.3 65.8 72.0 1979 May 5 94 203.6 1 0.76 63.8 + 0.34 26 202.3 + 1.53 h2.7 1 1.28 120 2 60.0 J.a1 15 *** 4 210. 3 + 5.9 62.3 + 4.31 4 1 4.0 Aug 13 0 - - 0 I I O 2 0.0 Dec 6 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 l Total fish 94 30 124 Total saeples 3 4 7 C/f 31.3 7.5 17.7 1974-1979 Total fish 659 527 1186 Total samples 27 28 55 C/f 24.4 18.8 21.6
- Total length in millimeters; weight is in grams.
** Catch per overnight set.
***No sample collected.
2-124 science services division
s Table 2-36 o Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Alewives Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 , stetton 2) Station 26 stetton 25 Total Tots! Date Catch 3 tength ! SE 3 Welsht
- SE Cetth t Esasth ! 58 5 Weight t SE Catch a Length ! st 5 Wes s he t SE Catch Samples C/t 1914 Ny 24 0 - - 0 - -- 0 -- - 0 3 0.0 Jun 2a 0 -- -- 2 168.0 t 12. 7 39.00 2 1.84 0 - -- 2 3 0. 7 J.I O - - a 20. s + 1.6 0.1 +
- 461 25.4 + 2. s 0.1 + * *
- 469 3 156.3 l
Aug 26 1 25.020.0 0.1510.00 66% 34.25 6.9 0.28 i 0.27 16 32.2 j 9.1 0. 36 j 0.5 3 ;N 3 2 s4.0 Sep 21 0 -- - 0 -- - 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 Stov i 235 57.926.9 8.7) 1 0.38 17 46.4 t 5.4 0.90 t 0.32 0 - - 250 3 83.3 How 7 326 54.028.9 1. 46 + 0. 79 13 44.5 t 7.6 0.82 + 0.42 0 -- - 339 1 113 Total floh 560 705 497 176J Total samplee 7 7 7 25 t/t** Iks.O luo. 7 71.0 53.9 197) NE 27 0 -- - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Apr 17 0 -- -- 0 -- - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Ny 19 0 - -- 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Jun 13 0 - -- 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Aug 5 497 22.$- ! 3.3 U.10 2 *** 401 29.8 ? l. 3 0.2530.09 3 54 50.2 ? 2.2 8.09 ? 0.23 1232 3 410.7 , hv 12 0 -- 0 - - 0 - - 0 1 0.0 tot al t ish 497 401 3 54 8232 lutal samples 6 6 6 18 Lit al.n 66.8 %%.7 6S.4 3916 Apr 44 0 - -- 0 -- - 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 Jun # 0 - -- 82 81.0 ? u.s 3.10 ? 0. to 0 -- -- 82 3 27.3 Aug Il 0 - -- 219 27.6 2 0.4 0. 46 + * *
- 1692 26.620.5 0. 2 2 ? * ** 1951 3 650.3 N Nov 36 0 - -- 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 I
pa 1ot al t ish o '141 B492 2035 6 M tot al 34=ples 6 4 4 II (/) L/I 0.0 SS. ) 425.0 169.4 1977 Apr i l n - 44 -- -- u -- -- 0 4 0 I sme 1 64 0 -- - H - - G -- -- p 3 0 Aseg Jh u - -- p +- - u -- -- 0 t e
%v Ju o - -
1 %s + o t.. + u u -- - t I sa. 3 i 1.rt .n l l l sts ta i la j i 1..t .s! nample m 4 = 4 42 l i/1 u u.6 to 0. 3 , t 1978 Apr 2 8 h -- - u - -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0 O hm 66 0 -- -- 5 I ll.M
- N.4 ' s .1 + 7.Mi 0 -- -- % 8 l.7 UN Aug 14 0 - - 0 -- -- 71 4 L 4
- O.89 0.71 04 71 1 23.7 hv 1st 0 -- -- 64 50.5 4 1.11 1. 2 5 + 0.41 0 1 -- O l 3 let al f i sh G 69 71 140 le.t al samples 4 4
- 12 C/f 41 17.2 L 7. 5 84.7 o
()
.g 19i9
.. . i. - -- u -- - u -- -- o s c.u lial l'* u u -- o I o.O 4 .eaent l a 0 -- - -
u a ) u.u
- u.x la u -- u - -- -- --
U ha n 4 0 -- -- u -- 9 a - u I u.o n.o j h i ..t .. i i t .i. tot al = sme l+ n o u 4 o 4 a 32 b (./ t u.O u.4 p.o G.0 ( 1914-1919 l'a t ; s ye., gg65 Fot al i n sin lu)7 {'
,,,, Ostal emplem 29 J9 29 af e If th ,4 4*6 se9. 4 59. .
y4 3 *1 .i t lenge ls la ma llisen svam; w. 4 stas 44 su str m .
.. . i . i. p.., - i, . h i .
a d d%i =t . sol arJ t e or a .s 6. isI at i d.
a Table 2-37 Food Habits of Adult Alewife, Bailly Study Area, 1979 h Length Range - 192-223 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 25 Stomachs Empty - 4 4requency Percent Importance sf Occurrence by Number Index Food Items (%) (%) (%) Zooplankton (remains) 52.4 50.6 Amphipoda 4.8 0.9 0.9 Chironomidae (larvae) 52.4 99.0 33.6 Chironomidae (pupae) 4.8 0.1 T* Chironomidae (remains) 4.8 T Filamentous algae 4.8 0.4 Plant material (terrestrial) 4.8 1.3 Digested material 38.1 13.2 T = trace. Table 2-38 Condition Factors of Fish Collected in Bailly Station Vicinity, 1974-1979, Plus Values Obtained from Relevant Literature le7e ; 3 3 i i s:ecies hv Jua Av g Dec 1979 1979 1977 1976 1975 1974 1.iterature source Alew' a 0.754 0. %8 - - 0.751 0.783 0.690 0.834 0.800 0.708 0.700-c.861 (Liston and tack '973) Clazard shad - - 1,2 72 - 1.272 1.195 1.519 1.058 - 1.113 1.2193 (Jude et al 1973) Chinook salmon 1.165 - 1.065 - 1.139 1.129 1.002 1.115 1.151 1.171 1.3462 Uude et al 1973) Coho seleo's - - - - - 1.295 0.884 1 010 0.926 1.085 1.0535 (Jude et al 1973) Broom trout 1.390 - 1.599 1. 30 7 1.408 1.408 1.354 1.267 1.336 1.32? 1.26 (culander 1969) - 1.2621 (Jude et al 1973) Lake trout 1.057 - - 1.06 1.060 0.904 0.983 0.932 0.973 1.022 0.950-1.151 (Liston and Tack 1973) Carp - - - - - - 1.503 1.489 1.343 1.564 1.23-1.80 (Carlander 1969) Spottall shiner - 0.710 0.187 -
- 0. 738 0.845 0.762 0.795 0.870 0.809 0.826-0.941 (Liston and Tack 1973)
Black bullhead - - 1.523 - 1.523 1.255 1.062 1.384 1.213 1.26P 1.11-1.66 (Carlander 1969) Yellow perch - 1.06 1.065 - 1.048 1.392 0.989 1.099 1.063 1.075 1.04*5-1.359 (Jude et al 1973) White sucker - - 1.234 - 1.234 - 0.997 - - - - Shorthead - - - - - - 1.419 - - - - redhorse Steelheed _ 1.057 - 1.30 1.216 1.162 1.457 - 0.942 1.115 - 2.5.4.2 Yellow Perch 2.5.4.2.1 Introduction. The yellow pe rdi, a percid, is commonly found in all of the Great Lakes (Hubbs and Lagler 1958,. In Lake Michigan, it inhabits the shallow and intermediate depths, and is near bottom during most of the year and at mid-levels in summer (Wells 1968). 2.5.4.2.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution. Yellow perch were collected in gretter abundance in July when the sample at Station 4 (warm-water 2-126 science services division
g station) was missed, making spatial comparisons impossible. Year-to-date (1974-1979) catch rates (C/ f) were higher at Station 4; 1976 was the only year (not including 1979 because of the missed sample) with higher catches at Station 7 than at Station 4, indicating that yellow perch may prefer the arer,. of Station 4 over Station 7. August yielded low catches in 1979 as compared to the high August catches from 1975 to 1978. When comparable data were available, no discernable difference between lengths and weights of yellow perch was noted for the two sampling locations (Table 2-39). No yellow perch were collected by beach seine during 1979 (Table 2-40), although young-o f-the year (47-57 millimeters) and subaduit (73-83 millimeters) yellow perch were collected by beach seine ditring August 1978 at stations 24 and 25. Additionally, no perch were collected during 1976, but were collected in similar numbers at these same two stations in August 1974, 1975, and 1977. No yellow perch have been collected at Station 23 by beach seine during the 6 year monitoring study. S
) 2.5.4.2.3 Food Habits. Adult yellow perch examined during 1979 fed on a variety of food organisms (Table 2-41). The primary food during other years was fish, alchough other food categories were encountered (Texas Instruments 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979). During 1979, yellow perch fed frequently on amphipods, zooplankton, chironomids, and fish. Fish (alewives) and chironomid larvae we re the primary food organisms based on importance indexes.
2.5.4.2.4 Condition and Parasitism. The condition factor for yellow perch collected during 1979 was slightly lower than those of fish collected during all previous years except 1976 (Table 2-38). Slight differences in yearly condition factors were probably due to the different lengths, we ight s , and life stages of perch collected (Table 2-39 and 2-40), rather than e f fect s caused by operation of Bailly Generating Station or construction act ivit ies for the Bailly Nuclear-1 facility. No obvious external parasites were noted on yellow perch during 1979. k Parasitic infestations of yellow perch have been discussed previously (Texas Instruments 1975). 2-127 science services division l
i 1 o N Table 2-39 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Yellow Perch Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 4 Station 7 Total TM Date Catch i Length *t SE i Weight ! SE Catch i Length ! SE I Weight t SE Catch camples C/f 1974 May 26 0 - - 1 191.0 1 0.0 68.0 1 0.0 1 2 0.5 Jun 7 190.7 3 45.4 112.6 1 79.5 1 185.0 1 0.0 64.0 3 0.0 8 2 4.0 Jai 69 200.3 1 18.9 93.6 1 40.5 28 205.5 1 23.9 99.6 1 60.2 97 2 48.5 Aug 0 - -- 0 - -- 0 2 0.0 Oct 4 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0.9 Oct 24 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0.0 Nov 8 2 205.8 1 6.3 97.0114.8 0 - -- 2 2 1.0 Total fish 78 30 108 Total samples 7 7 14 C/f'* 11.1 4.3 7. 7 1975 Mar -- -- - - Apr 17 0 - -- 0 - -- 0 2 0.0 May 22 0 -- - 1 195.0 1 0.0 80.0 1 0.0 1 2 0.5 Jun 18 21 186.4 1 10.7 75.4 1 15.1 12 193.5 1 5.3 75.6 3 5.3 33 2 16.5 Aug 8 16 211.0 1 22.6 98.1355.4 23 206.8 3 12.1 92.8 t 21.1 39 2 19.5 Nov 3 23 201.9 1 15.6 92.8 1 21.0 16 209.4 2 11.7 95.3 1 17.7 39 2 19.5 Total fish 60 52 112 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 12.0 10.4 11.2 1976 Apr 7 0 -- - 0 - -- 0 2 0.0 Jun 6 2 215.0 1 10.0 92.0 1 18.0 1 201.0 1 0.0 85.0 t 0.0 3 2 1.5 Aug 12 8 208.4 + 4.4 105.4 1 9.1 27 200.4 1 1.7 90.5 1 3.6 35 2 17.5 Nov 19 3 217.3 2 20.0 116.7 1 35.5 0 -- -- 3 2 1.5 Total fish 13 28 41 Total samples 's 4 S C/f 3.3 7.0 5.1 1977 Apr 14 67.0 1 11.31 0 -- 2 2 1.0 2 133.5 2 2.12 -- 4.0 Jun 11 6 206.0 + 5.50 96.0 + 7.00 2 211.5 + 0.50 53.5 + 5.50 8 2 211.7 [ 4.65 105.8 [ 6.00 27 2 13.5 Aug 26 10 212.4 [ 3.71 101.2 [ 6.80 9 0 2 0 Nov 23 0 -- - 0 -- -- 26 11 37 Total fish Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 6.5 2.8 4.6 1975 Apr 23 0 - -- 0 -- - 0 2 0.0 Jun 17 1 197.0 + 0.0 91.0 + 0.0 0 -- -- 1 2 0.5 Aug 19, 21 35 204.0 5 5.66 98.2 5 9.70 0 - - 35 2 17.5 Nov 19 0 - - 0 -- -- 0 2 0.0 Total fish 36 0 36 Total samples 4 i 8 C/f 4.5 197) -- 0 2 0.0 May 5 0 -- -- 0 -- 65.8 + 12.25 23 1 28.0 Jul 15 *** -- -- 28 164.3 1 9.96 , 1.5 19 3.0 + 3.00 76.0 t 8.00 1 192.0 t 0.0 77.0 + 0.0 3 2 Aug 18 2
- 0 2 0.0 0
-- 0 -
Dec 6 -- 29 31 Total fish 2 7 4 Total samples 3 4.4 C/f 0.7 *3 1974-1979 365 215 150 Total catch 28 55 Total asmples 27 6.6 8.0 5.4 Cif
- Total length in millimeters; weight is in grams.
** Catch per overnight set.
***No sample collected.
O 2-128 science services division
O
*,,. t V
Table 2-40 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Yellow Perch Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 23 station 24 station 25 Total Total Date Catch 1 Lassth*t SE 1 Weight 1 SE Catch I Length
- SE 1 Weight t SE Carus 1 Length ! $E i Weight t $1 Catch Samples C/f 1976 hy 26 0 -- - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Jun 28 0 - -- 0 -- -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Jul 0 - - 0 - - 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 Aug 26 0 - - 11 44.3 + 3.3 1.0910.21 4 44.212.8 1.0210.19 19 3 Sep 21 0 -- - 0 -, -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Nov 7 0 -= - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Nov 7 0 - -- 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Total fish 0 11 0 19 Total samples 7 7 7 21 C /f ** 0.0 1.6 1.4 0.9 1975 Mar 27 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Apr 17 0 - - 0 - -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0 May 19 0 - -- 0 -= -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Jun 13 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Aug 8 0 - -- 6 23.716.4 1.1110.16 15 48.514.9 1.10 t 0.20 21 3 7.0 Nov 2 0 - -- 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Total fish 0 6 15 21 Total samples 6 6 6 18 C/f 0.0 1.0 2.5 1.2 19 76 Apr 10 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Jun 0 0 - - 0 -- - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Aug 11 0 - - 0 - - 0 -- - 0 3 0.0 Nov 16 0 - - 0 - -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Total fish 0 0 0 0
'a Total samples 4 4 4 12 s / C/ f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 v
L977 Apr 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 00 3,, to 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Aug 26 0 - - 9 67.012.97 2.9 -1 0.36 11 62.1 + 3.59 2.4 3 0.33 20 3 6.7 Nov 20 0 - - 0 - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Total fish 0 9 11 20 Total gamples 4 6 4 12 C/f G 2.3 2.5 1.7 1978 Apr 15 0 - -- 0 - - 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 Jun 16 0 - -- 5 80.2 + 4.79 5.8 + 1.08 1 86.0 ~+ 0.0 10.6 + 0. 0 6 3 2.0 Aug 18 0 - - 1 57.0- [ 0.0 1.9 50.0 9 62. 0 + *.17 2.6 5 0.63 10 3 3. 3 Nov 18 0 -- - 0 - 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 Total fish 0 6 10 16 Total saeples 4 4 4 12 C/f 0 1.5 2.5 1. 3 1979 Ny 3 0 -- -- 2 - -- 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 Jul 15 and 23 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Aug 16 0 - - 0 -- - 0 - - 0 3 0.0 Dec + 0 -- -- 0 -- - 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 Total fish 0 0 0 i Total samples 4 4 - 1. ' C/f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1
.. Tot al length la e1111aeters; weight is in grame.
C. ch ,er sei.e ha.1. i l l 1 F (%,..] 2-129 science services division
e Table 2-41 Food Habits of Adult Yellow Perch, Bailly Study Area,1979 Length Range - 100-287 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 25 Stomachs Empty - 10 Frequency Percent Importance of Occurrence by Number Index Food Items (%) (%) (%) Zooplankton Chydoridae 60.0 2.7 1.4 Cladocera 13.3 0.4 Isopoda remains 6.7 Amphipoda 33.3 0.3 0.7 Gastropoda 6.7 T* 4.3 Chironomidae (larvae) 60.0 4.0 26.0 Chironomidae (pupae) 46.7 0.4 0.4 Chironanidae (remains) 33.3 0.7 Insecta (unid.) 6.7 T Fish Alewife 40.0 84.7 32.0 Alewife (eggs) 6.7 7." 6.4 Cyprinidae 6.7 T Fish (unid.) 6.7 2.1 Fish remains 20.0 7.8 Digested material 80.0 18.1 Plant material (terrestrial) 13.3 Sand grains 46.7 T = trace. 2.5.4.3 Spottail Shiner 2.5.4.3.1 Introduction. The spottail shiner is a small cyprinid that belongs to the group of fish collectively referred to as minnows. Spottail shiners inhabit all of the Great Lakes, where they can be found close to the bottom in nearshore water (Hubbs and Lagler 1958; W. 'Is and House 1974). In Lake Michigan, they are most abundant in the southeastern portion of the lake and in Green Bay (unpublished data cited by Wells and House 1974). 2.5.4.3.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution. Spottail shiner was collected by beach seine and gill net and was found in greatest abundance at warm-water Station 24 (Table 2-42). Spottail shiner was collected during July with beach seine and during July and August with gill nets. Total catch (C/ f) for spottail shiner during 1979 was lower than the average for the 2-130 science services division
o e
/ \
w Table 2-42 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Spottail Shiners
! Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Srady Area, 1974-1979 Station 23 Stat 1** 24 Station 25 fetal fetal Bate Cat-h 114esth*
- St 1 Welsht* t $E Catch I Length t $1 I Weight ! SI Catch I Leegth t $I 1 Weight t BE Catea Samples C/f 1976 78 26.0 May 26 0 -- - 78 $6.3 211.8 1.3331.32 0 - -- 1
- 1 123 + 0.0 22.70 2 0.00 0 - - 1 3 0.3 Jun 28 0 -
3 23.7 Jun 2 18.0 + 2.8 0.10 + 0.00 69 20.0 1 1.6 0.1 + 0.00 0 -- - 71
-- 62 66.9 + 13.5 0.89 + 4.11 SS 56.9
- 23.7 2.2622.36 120 3 60.0 Aug 26 0 -
- 3. 3 0 - - 10 30.1- 2 1.1 0.2920.07 10 3 sep 21 0 -- --
0.29 + 0.03 0 - 2 3 0.7 saw 7 0 - - ? 31.32 2.1 0 - - 0 3 0.0 nov 7 0 -- -- 0 - - 212 48 282 Total floh 2 7 7 21 Total samplee 7 30.3 9. 7 13.6 C/ f ** 0.3 19 79 0 - - 0 - - 0 J 0.0 Mer 2? O - .- Apr 17 0 -- - 0 - - 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 May 19 62.9 + 1' O.89 + 1.58 0 - - 50 46.3 t 9.4 0.9920.42 151 3 50.3 101 Jue 11 210 55.1 + .'6 1.37 I 0.60 596 31.6 + 6. 5 1.21 + 9.40 10 60.8 + 26.3 1.70 + 3.20 816 3 271.3 2 1016 28.05 9.0 0.21 { 0.30 1598 3 S 32.7 A=3 4 0 a 586 32.65 8.7 0.40 { G.30
-- 0 - - 0 3 0.0 sov 2 0 - - 0 -
Total fist 311 1178 1076 2563 fetal samples 6 6 6 14 196.3 179.0 162.6 C/f 51.8 1976 0.50 + 0.00 0 0 - - 1 3 0. 3 Apr le 1 40.02 0.0 - - 519.3 Jun 8 7 55.6 1 3. 3 1.60 + 0.3 1508 56.0 2 0.7 1.60 t 9.10 31 56.72 1.3 1.5020.10 1566 3 21.0- t 0.0 0.16 + 0.00 380 3 11e.7 Aug 11 0 - - 379 29.81 0.9 0.45 t *** 1
- 0. 3 nov 16 0 - - 1 24.0 + 0 0.0828 0 - 1 1 Total fish 9 1887 32 1928 total seeptee 6 6 6 12 C/f 2.3 671.5 8.0 160.7 1977 - 0 3 0.0 0 - - 0 -- - 0 1 Art 84.0
- 0.0 6.0 + 0.0 19 3 6.3 g
Jun 13 7 - - 18 51.5 + 1.* 1.08 + 0.12 1 66.3
\
8 33. 3 + 2.6 0. 3
- 0.4 30 60.9 I './5 0.81 + 0.16 161 27.17 0.56 0.18 I 0.01 199 3 Aug 24 J 3 0. 7 1
nov 20 0 2 J 0 I 2 60.0 5 21.20 2.29 { I.16 3 68 - 166 220 total fish 8 12 6 6 Total esortes 6 41.0 18.3 4 C/ f 2. 0 12.0 } 1978 i Apr 18 0 - -- 0 -- -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0 j Jun 16 32 5 3. 3 + 1.39 1.6
- 0.11 2260 $4.8 + 0.71 1.1 ! 9.C7 16 82.1 1 .
5.6 1 0.79 230s 3 769.3 aus le 0 -- -- 46 61.3 + 1.0 2.1
- 9.09 7 62.0 + 3. . 1. 7 + 0.32 53 3 17 I sov 18 0 - -. 0 -- J 0 J J 0 1 0.0 Tstal fish 12 2306 23 2361
. tal samples 6
- 4 1.
Cr 8.0 174.5 6.0 196.7 1979 Mme 5 0 -- -- 0 -- - 0 -- - 0 3 0.0 Jul 13 and 23 0 -- -- 717 72.5 + -.17 3.1
- 6.21 66 96.8 1 1.19 7.65 + 0.37 7* e 3 261.0 aus it 0 - - 0 - -- 0 - -- 0 1 0.0 Dec & O -- - 0 - - 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 Total fish 0 717 66 733 Total semplee 6 6 6 12 C!f 0.0 I?9. 3 16.5 65.3 197a-1979 Total fish 362 6348 1427 8137 Total samples 29 29 29 87 Cif 12 $ 218.1 69.2 93.5
" Total length ta militaeterst wetaht is in arme
< sm, p.. ..t ~.1 se standard error calesisted, i
n U > 2-131 science services division
O monitoring period (1974-1979) . Catches of spottail shiner during most of the previous years (1974, 1975, 1976, and 1978) and overall catch rates (1974-1979) were higher at the warm-water station (Station 24), indicating that these fish may prefer the warm-water area. S pot tails collected during Jtay and August 1979 were primarily subadult or adult fish (Table 2-42). During previous years, subadult and adult fish were collected during spring or early summer, and smaller (young-of-the year or sub adult ) fish were collected during late summer. During 1979 no spottail shiners were collected after July. Wells (1968) reported that spottail shiner in southeastern Lake Michigan was confined to depths of 12.8 meters (42 feet) in early spring and fall, and to depths of 31.1 to 45.7 meters (102 to 150 feet) in winter. This behavior in the Bailly area would preclude the capture of s po t tail shiner during these times of year. Wells (1968) also reported that during summer, spottails were usually restricted to depths less than 12.8 meters (42 feet). 2.5.4.3.3 Food Habits. Only 3 of the 25 adult spottail shiner stomachs examined during 1979 contained food. The most important food items in stomachs containing food, based on frequency of occurrence, percent by number, and the impor t ance index, were cladocerans (Chydoridae) and chironomids (Table 2-43). During previous years, spottail shiners fed on cladocerans, copepods, fish eggs, insects, and plant aaterial (Texas Instruments 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979). Scott and Crossman (1973) reported that juvenile s pot tail shiners feed primarily on zooplankton (cladocerans, copepods, rotifors) and algae, while adult fish feed on zooplankton, insect nymphs and larvae, molluscs, and fish eggs and larvae. 2.5.4.3.4 Conditior and Parasitism. The condition of spottail shiner collected decing July 1979 was lower than the condition of fish collected during previous years; however, the condition during August ( fish collected with gill nets) was higher than in any previous year. The higher condition factor was probably due to the selective capture of fish in the gill net rather than a change in a general condition of spottail shiner. Condition factors from previous years we re based upon fish collected with the beach seine. O 2-132 science services division
p , d Table 2-43 Food Habits of Adult Spottail Shiners, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Length Range 107 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 25 Stomachs Empty - 22 Frequency Percent Importance of Occurrence by Number Index Food Item (%) (%) (%) Cladocera Chydoridae(adult) 33.3 50.0 2.5 Chironomidae (larvae) 33.3 50.0 22.5 Insect remains 33.3 62.5 Digested material 66.7 12.5 No obvious external parasites were noted on spottails collected during 1979; external parasites found during other years (1974-1976) and possible Os parasites have been previously discussed by Texas Instruments (1975, 1976, 1977). 2.5.4.4 Salmonidae (Salmon and Trout) 2.5.4.4.1 Introduction. The salmonid species collected during this investigation included the lake trout, steelhead trout, brown trout, and chi- salmon. Generally, these fish occur throughout the Great Lakes (Sco, ad Crossman 1973), where they are highly prized and avidly sought by s port fishermen. All of the salmonids collected during this study, except lake trout, are exotic species which have been introduced into the waters of the Great Lakes. All salmonid populations, including the indigenous lake trout, are maintained through stocking programs initiated by various governmental agencies of the lake states and provinces. Within the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan, these fish are stocked solely by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The Indiana DNR began its stocking program in 1967 when the Bureau of Sport V Fisheries and Wildlife provided 87,000 lake trout for stocking off the 2-133 science services division
o Bethlehem Steel pier within the entrance channel of the Port of Indiana [ personal communication, Bob Koch, Indiana DNR (197')) } ; since chat initial planting, the DNR has increased the number of lake trout planted and has broadened its program by stocking trout at several other locations. Lake trout were stocked in response to their rapid decline and near extinction in the 1950s because of predation by sea lamprey followed by complete failure of natural reproduction (Smith 1968). Koch (personal communication) states that even now, natural reproduction of lake trout is not confirmed anywhere in Lake Michigan. Stocking of lake trcut was followed by plantings of steelhead trout in 1968, coho and chinook salmon in 1970, and brown trout in 1971. All these salmonids have been planted as fingerlings in the east branch of the Little Calumet River where they remain for varying periods of time, depending on the species, before migrating to the lake. This was probably the source of many of the salmonids collected during the Bailly study. Once in the lake, however, they are largely unavailable to capture in nearshore nets since they inhabit various depths of the open lake. When mature, these fish return to congregate in large schools at the mouth of their natal streams be Sre " running" upstream to spawn. At this time, they are vulnerable to capture by net in the nearshore water. Spawning runs generally occur from early fall to late winter, depending on the strain or race of the stocked fish. Natural reproduction does occur, but only in streams, and for some species only on a limited basis (Koch, personal communication). Koch (personal communication) has stated that there has been no evidence that any of these species spawn in the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan, but there has been evidence of limited natural reproduction by coho and chinook salmon and steelhead trout in the east branch of the Little Calumet River and in Trail Creek; additionally, he has stated that there is evidence of successful natural reproduction by brown trout spawning in the east branch. 1 Since there is only limited natural reproduction of these fish, their abundance in the atody area is governed largely by the number of each species stocked by the DNR and their survival and return rates. The return rates range from 1 to 6 percent, depending on the species stocked and the year of stocking (Koch, personal communication). However, strict computation of 2-134 science services division
o i V o\ abundance in the study area based on these percentages is often misleading, since faster-maturing male salmonids return before slower-maturing females stocked during the same year; therefore, any fluctuation in yearly relative abundances presented for these species in the following discussions should be reviewed in the light of these factors. Specific spawning activities for all of the salmonids except lake trout have been deleted, since these species spawn in streams and would not likely be af fected by the construction or operation of the Bailly Nuclear-1 plant. 2.5.4.4.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution. Salmonids were collected in greatest abundance by gill net during May 1979. Salmonids were collected in approximately equal abundance at each of the stations (Tables 2-44 through 2-48). Overall (1974-1979) salmonid catches were higher at Station 4 (warm-water station) than at Station 7. High catches of lake trout, the most numerous salmonid in the study area, usually occurred during the cooler fall months; however, highest 1979 catches were in May. Highest catches of other g salmonids usually occurred during spring and aummer. D One brown trout was collected by beach seine during 1979. Brown trout were previously collected by beach seine in 1974. Mean total lengths of salmonids collected during 1979 were similar to th7se in previous years, except for chinook salmon which were smaller. The smaller size. possibly indicates a later stocking date. 2.5.4.4.3 Food Habits. Seven lake trout, 6 brown trout, and 12 chinook salmon stomachs were examined to determine the food habits of adult salmonids collected during 1979. Adult salmonids fed exclusively on fish, some of which were identified as adult alewife and rainbow smelt (Table 2-49). Seven juvenile chinook salmon examined from 1978 indicated insects were the primary food item in the diet (Texas Instruments 1979a). Data presented for fish collected during 1979 were consistent with those of previous years (Texas Instruments 1976a, 1977, 1978, 1979a). . 3 1 2-135 science services division
o Table 2-44 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Chinook Salmon Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date Catch I Length t SE i Weight ! SE Catch 5 Length ! SE I Weight ! SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jul 0 - - 2 v55.0 + 11.3 10457.0 + 1500.5 2 2 1.0 Aug 3 880.0 + 50.0 8791 + 1052.0 6 916.2 ! $1.1 10074.0 ! 3207.0 9 2 4.5 Oct 4 9194.0[ 0.0 2 717.0568.6 4483.0 3 883.2 3 2 1.5 1 900.0 1 0.0 0 2 0.5 Oct 24 0 - - 0 - - Nov 8 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.5 Total fish 4 10 14 Total samples 7 7 14 C/f** 0.6 1.4 1.0 1975 *** *** Mar - - Ap r 17 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 May 22 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 8 0 - - 2 869.0 + 1.4 8207.0 + 1040.8 2 2 1.0 Nov 3 0 - - 0 ! ! 0 2 0.0 Total fish 0 2 2 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 0.0 0.4 0.2 1976 Apr 7 2 776.0 + 131.0 5603.0 + 1547.0 0 - - 2 2 1.0 Jun 6 0 ! ! O - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 2 0 2 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 0.5 0.0 0.3 1977 Apr la 18 556.6 1 163.63 2204.2 + 1792.78 9 627.8 1 129.73 2842.6 1 1980.55 27 2 13.5 3 . 11 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 26 1 745 + 0.0 4717.4 3 0.0 1 715 1 0.0 4536 1 0.0 2 2 1.0 Nov 23 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 19 10 29 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 4.8 2.5 3.6 1978 Apr 23 7 602.7 1 91.40 3411.3 1 1012.15 0 - - 7 2 3.5 Jun 17 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 19, 21 5 861.6 + 26.10 e537.6 + 488.97 2 758.0 + 24.0 4721.5 1 272.5 7 2 3.5 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 12 2 14 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 3.0 0.5 1.8 1979 6.0 Mav 5 7 506.1 1 86.75 2043.0 1 921.68 5 514.8 2 95.96 3323.0 + 396.67 12 2
*** 0 - - 0 1 0.0 Jul 13 - -
0.5 Aug 18 0 - - 1 869.0 + 0.0 6990.0 + 0.0 1 2
- 0 - - 0 2 0.0 hc 6 0 -
7 6 13 Total fish 7 Total samples 3 4 2.3 1.5 1.9 C/f 1974-1979 74 Tetal fish 44 30 28 55 Total samples 27 1.6 1.1 1.3 C/f
- Total length in millimeters; weight is in grams.
** Catch per overnight set. ***No sample collected.
O 2-136 science services division
o
\
t t/ Table 2-45 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Lake Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 4 Station 7 Totd Total Date Catch 5 Length *t SE I W*1ght 1 SE Catch 5 Length 1 SE i Weight + St Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 4500 1 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 1 741.0 1 0.0 0 2 0.0 Jun 0 - - 0 - - Jul 0 - - 2 688.5 -1 77.1 3693.0 1 1180.8 2 2 1.0 Aug 0 - - 0 - 0 2 0.0 Oct 4 21 678.0 + 43.7 3185.0 + 679.0 40 679.0 + $9.2 3385.0 + 1156.0 61 2 0.0 Oct 24 35 694.0556.6 3430.0 3 56 6 134 659.0 3 37.0 3071.0 5 461.0 48 2 24.0 Nov 8 18 659.0 + 61.9 2761.0 + 696.1 675.0 + 31.6 3028.0 1 412.8 22 2 11.0 Total fish 75 59 134 Total samples 7 7 14 C/f** 10.7 8.4 9.6 1975 *** Mar - Apr 17 0 - - 1 691.0 + 0.0 4047.0 + 0.0 1 2 0.5 7 7 2 2 1.0 May 22 2 674.0 1 14.1 3353.5 1 20.5 0 2 2 1.0 Jun 18 2 736.5 -1 37.5 4287.5 1 340.1 0 - - Aug 8 0 - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 3 28 674.3 1 65.1 3012.8 1 1032.4 20 689.1 + $5.3 3256.5 + 289.3 48 2 24.0 Total fish 32 21 53 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 6.4 4.2 5.3 1976 Apr 7 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 6 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 3 589.7 1 95.6 2018.7 1 848.0 2 751.0 + 127.3 4160.0 1 2440.9 5 2 2.5
'i Total fish 3 2 5
[Q Total samples C/t 4 0.8 4 0.5 8 0.6 1977 Apr 14 4 658.0 + 34.92 2837.3 + 417.13 11 669.5 + 66.11 3236.5 + 957.22 15 2 7.5 Jun 11 0 7 7 0.0 ! ! 0 2 0.0 Aug 26 0 - - 0.0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 23 1 728.0 1 0.0 3541.0 + 0.0 0.0 - - 1 2 0.5 Total fish 5 11 16 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 1.3 2.8 2.0 1978 Apr 23 2 592.0 2 5.00 2531.0 1 34.0 0 - - 2 2 1.0 Jun 17 6 643.7 1 31.83 3447.3 1 562.87 0 - - 6 2 3.0 Aug 19, 21 11 681.8 1 14.84 2868.4 1 221.30 8 638.3 1 17.93 2326.8 1 256.50 19 2 9.5 Nov 19 41 679.9 + 8.87 3100.0 1 120.67 42 686.6 3 9.12 3129.3 + 144.57 83 2 41.5 Total fish 60 50 110 Total sample 4 4 8 C/f 15.4 12.5 13.8 1979 May 5 2 684.0 + 1.0 3405.0 + 45.00 5 677.0 + 25.45 3323.0 + 396.67 7 2 3.5 Jul 15 *** ! ! 0 I ! 0 1 0.0 Aug 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Dec 6 0 - - 1 642.0 1 0.0 2850.0 1 0.0 1 2 0.5 Total fish 2 6 8 I Total samples 3 4 7 C/f 0.7 1.5 1.1 1974-1979 Total fish 177 149 326 Total samples 27 28 55 C/f 6.6 5.3 5.9
- Total length in millimeters; weight is la grams.
** Catch per overnight set. ,
I
***No sample collected.
(n) i G' ' l 2-137 science services division l 1
o Table 2-46 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Brown Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date Catch I 1.ength*t SE I Weight 1 SE Catch E 1.ength + SE I Weight 1 SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 2 495.0 1 9.9 1910.5 1 99.7 0 2 2 1.0 Jun 1 593.0 + 0.0 3545.0 + 0.0 2 504.5 + 7.8 2042.5 + 160.5 3 2 1.5 Jul 1 508.01 0.0 1896.03 0.0 0 7 7 1 2 0.5 Aug 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 kt4 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Oct 24 3 603.0 + 160.7 3431.0 + 2188.0 0 - - 3 2 1.5 Nov 18 0 I ! 2 474.0 +~ 157.7 2023.0 + 1260.0
~
2 2 1.0 Total fish 7 4 11 Total samples 7 7 14 C/ f *
- 1.0 0.6 0.8 1975 Mar *** - - *** - - *** 0 ***
Apr 17 2 325.8 + 7.1 436.5 + 62.9 2 382.5 + 219.9 1139.5 + 1430.4 4 2 2.0 hy 22 0 I ! 0 ! ! 0 2 0.0 Jun 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 18 0 - - 2 600 0 1 127.3 3290.0 1 2194.1 2 2 1.0 Nov 13 1 420.0 +
~
0.0 772.5 +~ 0.0 2 39 5.0 +~ 127.3 847.0 +~ 664.5 3 2 1.5 Total fish 3 6 9 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 0.6 1., 0.9 1976 Apr 7 4 491.5 + 39.8 1593.3 + 395.5 2 479.0 + 52.0 1471.5 + 537.5 6 2 3.0 Jun 6 0 I I O I ! 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 1 704.0 1 0.0 4981.0 + 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 2otal fish 5 2 7 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 1. 3 0.5 0.9 1977 Apr 14 1 755.0 1 0.3 4217.0 + 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 Jun 11 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 26 0 - - 1 592.0 + 0.0 3583.0 + 0.0 1 2 0.5 Nov 23 0 - - 0 ! ! 0 2 0.0 Total fish 1 1 2 Total samples 4 4 g Cif 0.3 0.3 0,3 1978 Apr 23 6 25.51 1210.7 + 170.49 536.5 1 23.36 2323.2 1 254.0 3 429.0 1 9 2 4.5 Jun 17 1 432.0 + 0.0 1678.0 + 0.0 1 555.0 + 0.0 3402.0 ! 0.0 2 2 1.0 Aug 19. 21 8 463.8 1 43.81 it.89.51415.98 2 476.0 ! 89.0 1248.5 I 567.50 10 2 5.0 Nov 19 2 437.5 + 30.50 1154.5 2 158.50 0 ! ! 2 2 1.0 Total fish 17 6 23 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 4.3 1.5 2.9 1979 May 5 3 469.7 + 34.81 1543.7 + 476.85 1 535.0 + 0.0 2088.0 + 0.0 4 2 2.0 Jul 13 *** O - - 0 1 0.0 Aug is 1 570.0 + 0.0 3080.0 + 0.0 1 527.0 + 0.0 2245.0 + 0.0 2 2 1.0 Dec 6 1 482.0 + 0.0 1575.0 + 0.0 1 .64.0 + 0.0 1600.0 3 0.0 2 2 1.0 Total fish 5 3 8 Total sar.ples 3 4 7 C/f 1.7 0.8 1.1 1974-1979 T)tal fish 38 22 60 Total samples 27 28 55 C/t 1.4 0.8 1.1
- Total length ta millimeters; weight is in grams.
** Catch per overnight set. - ***No sample collected.
O 2-138 scler ce services division
o p3 i \
'd Table 2-47 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Steelhead Trout Collected by Gill Net, Baill;* Se,udy Area, 1974-1979 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date Catch I Length *1 SE I Weignt i SE Catch I Length t SE I Weight 1 St Catch Samples C/f 1974 by 26 2 536.5 + 41.7 1556.! 440.5 1 191.0 + 0.0 68.0 + 0.0 3 2 1.5 Jun 0 7 7 0 7 7 0 2 0.0 Aug 3 773.0 + 14.7 5065.7 + 614.0 0 - - 3 2 1.5 Oct 4 0 7 7 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Oct 24 2 388.0 + 16.9 679.0 + 120.2 6 385.0 + 15.3 - 8 2 4.0 Nov 18 17 406.0 I 27.6 702.0 7 118.3 6 385.0 % 15.7 - 23 2 11.5 Total fish 24 13 37 Total samples 7 7 14 C/ t *
- 3.4 1.9 2.6 1975 Mar *** - - *** - - *** *** ***
Apr 17 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 May 22 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 13 3 350.3 1 62.2 381.4 + 112.5 0 - - 3 2 1.5 Total fish 3 0 3 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 0.6 0.0 0.3 1976 Apr 7 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Je 6 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - D - - 0 2 0.0
/m } Total fish 0 0 0 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 0.0 0.0 0.0 1977 Apr 14 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 11 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 26 0.0 - -
0.0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 23 0.0 - - 1 491.0 +
~
0.0 1725.0 +- 0.0 1 2 0.5 Total fish 0.0 1 1 [ Total samples 4 4 8 i C/f 0.0 0.3 0.1 ! 1978 Apr 21 1 469.0 1 0.0 1249.0 1 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 Jun 17 3 610.3 1 79.32 3386.7 1 813.78 0 a - 3 2 1.5 Aug 19, 21 4 703.0 1 25.08 3121.351 567.50 0 - - 4 2 2.0 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 8 0 8 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 2.0 0 1.0 1979 my 5 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jul 15 *** 1 736.0 1 0.0 4250.0 1 0.0 1 1 1.0 Aug 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Dec 6 2 627.0 + 11.00 3200.0 1 150.00 0 - - 2 2 1.0 Total fish 2 1 3 Total samples 3 4 7 C/f 0.7 0.3 0.4 1974-1979 Total fish 37 15 52 Total samples 27 25 55 C/f 1.4 0.5 0.9
- Total length in milismeters; weight in grams.
** Catch per overnight set.
***No sample collected.
science services d! vision 9
e Table 2-48 Catch per Unic Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Coho Salmon Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Station 4 Station 7 Total htd Date Catch i Length *1 SE i Weight t SE Catch i 1.angth 1 SE E Weight i SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jul 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Oct 4 0 - - 1 640.0 + 0.0 2838.0 + 0.0 1 2 0.5 Oct 24 0.0 X37.01 0.0 0 7 ! 1 2 0.5 1 745.0 1 Nov 8 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 1 1 2 Total samples 7 7 14 C/f** 0.1 0.1 0.1 1975 Mar een - - *** - - ee# *e* **e Apr 17 31 450.1 + 135.8 1154.1 + 828.2 14 462.9 + 20.4 883.3 + 112.8 45 2 22.5 May 22 1 379.0 7 0.0 496.0 7 0.0 0 ! ! 1 2 0.5 Jun 18 0 ! ! 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 8 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 3 1 698.0 +
~ 00 3098.0 +~ 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 Total fish 33 14 47 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 6.6 2.8 4.7 1976 Apr 7 0 - - 1 428.0 + 0.0 792.0 + 0.0 1 2 0.5 Jun 6 0 - - Q - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 0 1 1 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 0.0 0.3 0.1 1977 Apr 14 1 411 + 0.0 538 1 0.0 7 499.1 + 42.03 1023.0 2 105.04 8 2 4.0 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 11 0 - -
0 - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 26 - 0 - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 23 - 7 8 Total fish 1 4 8 Total samples 4 0.3 1.8 1.0 C/f 1978 Apr 23 8 488.5 + 9.70 1390.4 + 66.30 1 470.7 + 12.92 1112.3 + 112.00 11 2 5.5 576.8 I 9.17 2424.2 5 130.04 11 2 5.5 Jun 17 2 520.5 { 37.50 1746.5[385.50 90 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 19, 21 0 - - 0.5 Nov 19 1 305.0 1 0.0 298.0 1 0.0 0 - - 1 2 11 12 23 Total fish 4 8 Total samples 4 2.8 3.0 2.9 C/f I'I9 0 0 2 0.0 My 5 0 0.0
*** 0 0 1, Jul 15 0 0 Aug 13 0 0 3 Dec 6 0 0 0 Total fish 0 y Total samples 3 O.0 0.0 0'0 C/f 1974-1979 31 46 33 Total finn 23 M
Total samples ;7 1*5 1.7 I*3 C/f
- Total length in millimeters; weight in grams.
** Catch per overnight set.
***No sample collected.
2-140 science services division
o) ( 2.5.4.4.4 Condition and Parasitism. The mean condition factor for brown trout collected during 1979 was similar to that of 1978 and higher than those of 1974-1977. The mean condition factor observed for lake trout was the highest observed during the monitoring period (Table 2-38). Chinook salmon and steelhead condition factors were similar to condition factors of fish collected during previous years. No external parasites were observed on salmonids collected during 1979. Table 2-49 Food Habits of Adult Salmonids, Bailly Study Area, 1979 Length Range - 318-848 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 25 Stomachs Empty - 14 Frequency Percent Relative of Occurrence by Number Volume Food Items (%) (%) (%) Fish Alewife 16.7 20.0 31.0 ph Rainbow smelt 50.0 50.0 30.0 61.1 4.9 Fish (unid.) 33.3 Fish remains 41.7 3.0 2.5.4.5 other Species. Other species collected in the Bailly vicinity by gill net included rainbow smelt, emerald shiner, lake herring, longnose sucker, white sucker, trout perch, and gizzard shad. Only one specimen was collected for each of the species except emerald shiner (101) and rainbow sme lt ( 2 ) . All emerald shiners were collected at Station 7 during July. The only gizzard shad gastrointestinal tract examined contained only digested material and sand grains (Table 2-50). Rainbow. smelt we re 147 and 260 millimeters total length, with a mean condition factor (K) of 0.396. Emerald shiners had a mean total length of 118.7 millimeters and had a mean condition factor (K) of 0.695. No obvious external parasites were observed on fish collected during 1979. l /"'N N] 2-141 science services division
c Table 2-50 g Food Habits of Adult Gizzard Shad, Bailly Study Area,1979 Length Range 500 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 1 Stomachs Empty - 0 Frequency Percent Importance of Occurrence by Number Index Food Items (%) (%) (%) Digested material 100.0 Sand grains ' 100.0 100.0 2.5.5 COMMERCIAL AND SPORT FISHING. Commercial and sport fishermen are active in the Bailly Generating Station vicinity. Texas Instruments (1975, 1976) reported that three commercial fishermen used the Bailly area in 1974 and 1975, fishing primarily for yellow perch. There was only one commercial operation in the Bailly area in 1976 and 1977, and apparently no commercial fishermen have operated in the area since 1977. Past commercial fishing records for the Indiana water of Lake Michigan indicated that yellow perch was the dominant species taken (Table 2-51). This single commercial fishing operation during 1976 and 1977 was conducted from Burns Ditch by a single gill net tug, the STELLA POLARIS, owned by the Westerman Brothers. They set their nets at varing depths and locations, depending on the time of year, but did not set nets within the 15.2-meter (50-foot) depth contour. Thus, their fishing operation was excluded from the Bailly study area. Fishing is a highly popula sport in the Bailly vicinity and in all nearshore Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Texas Instruments field crews have observed many boats trolling in ene Bailly study area and in the vicinity of the Bailly Generating Station discharge. Other fishermen have been observed along the flume s t ruc t ure , where bow hunting for carp and hook-and-line fishing for carp, salmonids, and catfish are popular. The Indiana water of Lake Michigan has seven access sites with boat-launching ramps; three are located along Burns Ditch, two are in Michigan City, one is in Gary, and one is in East Chicago. Additionally, the Port of Indiana was recently opened to shoreline fishing on a limited basis. Sport fishermen from these areas primarily fish for salmonids (coho and chinook salmon, and lake, steelhead, and brown trout), yellow perch, and smallmouth bass. The total sport catch 2-142 science services division
/ /
U) Table 2-51 Lake Michigan Commercial Fishery
- Reported Catch in Pounds, 1970-1979 Species 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Lake trout 8.079 25,710 13,903 8,400 8,003 12,929 5,651 1,541 405 306 Brown trout - - - 9 72 53 29 87 69 154 Steelhead - - - - 13 - - - - .
Coho 3,227 5,083 1.157 218 12 1,050 116 1,036 1,679 341 Chinook - - - 9 4 29 - 64 59 - Chubs 74,390 28,489 38,262 35,668 4,401 910 1,641 1,244 8,619 596 Whitefish 3,816 22,636 999 868 111 172 155 600 890 302 Suckers 31,698 208.984 17,659 12.255 8.013 8,269 4.041 2,183 3.511 2.692 Yellow perch 2C3,764 333,850 340,607 257.883 176,338 153,799 176,286 155,810 91,988 120,988 Smelt 234 43,642 9,466 ** 16.418 7,852 5.463 1,363 3,770 1,195 Burbot - - - - - - - - - 1.5 Catffsh - - - - - - - - - 3 Total production 334,600 784,855 428,373 352,000 213,385 185.063 193,382 156,439 111.341 126,578 Indiana Dept. Nat. Resources (1979). Error on printout, from Indiana waters of Lake Michigan in 1975 was 83.8 percent coho salmon, 5.0 percent chinook salmon, 4.0 percent yellow perch, 3.9 percent lake trout, 2.1 percent steelhead trout, 1.0 percent brown trout, and 0.2 percent smallmouth bass (Ko d , 1975). 2.5.6 POTENTIAL DISRUPTION OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES. Fish considered to be endangered or threatened in Indiana are listed in Table 2-52. SperNens denoted with an asterisk were listed by J.L. Janisch, fisheries stiif specialist, Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Those s pecimens bearing two asterisks also were listed by Janisch and. are recognized by Miller (1972) as well. Those spec imens having three asterisks were not noted by Janisch but are considered rare or endangered in Lake Michigan by Miller (1972). None of the fisa species collected in the Bailly study area were identified by Janisch as endemic to Indiana or considered indigenous to Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Of the species known to be endangered in Lake Michigan but not on the Indiana list, only lake sturgeon has been collected in impingement studies at Lake Michigan power plants; none were found to be either impinged or entrained at the Bailly Generating Station during the Texas Instruments 316(b) study ;(1976) or collected in gill nets or Laach seines. The five A-( ! coregonid species' listed are deep-water fo rms and are r,J t expected in the v shallow waters of the Bailly Generating Station vicinity. s . 2-143 science services division d b
O Table 2-52 g Rare, Endangered, or Threatened Fish Species in Indiana Eastern sand darter
- Ammocrypta pellucida s Spring cavc"ish* Chologastc agassizi Northern cavefish ** Amblyopsis . )elaea Southern cavefish ** Typhlichthys subterreaneus Silverband shiner
- Notropis shumardi Ribbon shiner
- Notropis fumeus Popeye shine.* Notropis ariommus Cr"stal dartt1* Ammocrypta_asprelle Stargazing darter
- Percina uranidea Gilt darter
- Percina evides Spotted darter
- Etheostoma maculatum Harlequin darter
- Etheostoma histrio Tippecanoe darter
- Ethoestoma tippecanoe Spottail darter
- Etheostoma squamiceps Redside dace
- Clinostomus elongatus Rosefin shiner
- Notropis ardens Swamp darter
- Etheostoma swaini Blue sucker ** Cycleptus elongatus Ohio River muskellunge ** Esox masquinongy ohioensis Bluebreast darter
- Etheostoma camurum Variegated darter
- Etheostoma variatum Lake sturgeon ** Acipenser fulvescens Longjaw cisco** Coregonus alpenae Kiyi*** Coregonus kiyi Shortjaw cisco*** Coregonus zenithicus Blackfin cisco*** Coregonus nigripinnis Shortnose cisco*** Coregonus reighardi
*According to Janisch 1976 (see text)
**According to Janisch (1976) and Miller (1972)
*** Rare and endangered in Lake Michigan (Miller 1972)
O 2-144 science services division
o / 'd 2.6 WATER QUALITY 2.
6.1 INTRODUCTION
. As discussed in previous annual reports, the Great Lakes have been a focal point of scientific interest since the 1800s because, as stated by Beeton (1970), they represent "the most important single factor for the settlement, growth and development of the mid-continent of North America." Multiple purpose use of the lake waters has created t number of problems since the 1800s including collapse of fisheries, changes in species composition of primary and secondary trophic level organisms, and changes in water quality. With the realization that change was occurring came the establishment of weter quality standards for Lake Michigan and other lakes. These standards will be used as the reference base herein. Critet'2 for Lake Michigan and other water bodies in Indiana are listed in Table 2-53. In the present study, Lake Michigan water quality was characterized through p the analyses of five major groups of parameters, as listed in Table 2-54. G Samples were collected during five months over the period of April 1979 through January 1980. Data derived from these samples will be compared with data collected during the previous survey years and with the Lake Michigan water quality standards (as outlined in Table 2-53). 2.6.2 METHODOLOGY. All water quality samples in the Bailly study area were taken in duplicate using a 6-liter Van Dorn sampler (for water samples), a J-Z sterile wate: sampler (for bacteria samples), and an Ekman dredge (for sediment samples). Samples from the ash-settling basins (stations 13 through 16), the natural ponds (stations 17 through 20), and Cowles Bog (Station 21) were collected at mid-depth (sediment samples were from the substrate). Lake Michigan samples from locations along the 15-foot contour (stations 1, 4, 7, and 10) were collected from 1 meter below the surface. Lake samples along the 30-foot contour (stations 2, 5, and 8) were collected 1 meter below the surface and 1 meter above the bottom, and lake samples along the 50-foot contour were collected 1 meter below the surface, at mid-depth, and 1 meter U above the bottom. Samples at stations 11,12, and 22 were taken from 1 meter below the surface. 2-145 science services division
o Table 2-53 Water Quality Values Defined by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board, or USEPA and Applicable to Lake Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area General Water Quality Units Indiana USPHS or EPA Levels Alkalinity mg/t 30-500 range, whatever is of natural origin" Calcium mg/1 No limits defined Chlorides mg/t 20 single values.15 monthly average
- Chlorine mg/t .002 mg/t" Conductivity umhos <800-1200 micrombos/cm (at 25'C)*
Color APHA units 15 single value maximum. 5 monthly average
- Dissolved oxygen mg/t Not 57 mg/t*
Fluorides mg/ Not to exceed 1.0 at any time' Hardness mg/ 0-5000 range, natural origin" Magnesium mg/ No limits defined Odor odor units pos-neg Single value 8 - daily avg 4* pH pH units 7.5-8,5* Potassium mg/t No limits defined" Sodium mg/t No limits defined" Total dissolved solids mg/t 172 (Lake Michigan monthly avg) 200 daily max
- Total suspended solids mg/t Should not reduce the depth of the compensation for photosynthesis by more than 10%.
Sulfate mg/t 50-single value; 26-monthly average
- Water temperature 'C 3*F above existing 1000 f t f om discharge or 45' (Jan-Mar) 55' (Apr) 60' (May) 70* (Jun) 80*
(Jul-Sep) 65' (Oct) 60' (Nov) 50* (Dec), which-ever is lower
- Turbidity FTU None. Other than natural origin
- Aquatic Nutrient Ammonia mg/t 0.05 single value. 0.02 monthly average
- Nitrates mg/t 10 mg/t"*
Nitrites mg/t No limits defined" Organic nitrogen mg/t No limits defined" Orthophospha te mg/t No limits defined - presumably less than total P. Total phosphorus mg/t 0.04 single value. 0.03 monthly average
- Silicates mg/l No limits defined Trace Elements Arsenic, total mg/t Not to exceed 0.05 at any time
- Cachium, total mg/t Not to exceed 0.01 at any time
- Chromium, hexavalent mg/t Not to exceed 0.05 at any time
- Chromium, total mg/1 Not to exceed 0.05 at any time
- Copper, total mg/t 1. 0" Iron, soluble mg/t .30 single value; .15 monthly average
- Iron, total mg/t 0.3 domestic supply; 1.0 freshwater aquatic life **
Lead, total mg/t Not to exceed 0.05 at any time
- Manganese, total mg/t 0.05**
Mercury, total mg/t Not to exceed 0.0005 at any time
- Nickel, total mg/t 1/50 96 hr TL50 - t.5-2 mg/t***
Selenium, total mg/t Not to exceed 0.01 at any time
- Vanadium, total mg/t No limits defined **
Zinc. total mg/t 5" Indicators of Industrial and Organic Contamination Bacteria, fecal coliform t/100 mt 20/100 (Lake Michigan open water 200/100 mt at beaches based on georretric mean of 5 samples
- Bacteria, total coliform f/100 m No limits defined" Biochemical oxygen demand mg/t No prescribed limits Chemical oxygen demand mg/t No prescribed limits Cyanide mg/t Not to exceed .01 at any time
- Hexane, soluble material mg/t No limits defined Phenols mg/t .003 single value; .001 monthly average
- Methylene blue active sub- mg/t No limits defined stances Total organic carbon mg/t No prescribed limits"
- Indiana Regulation SPC 4R-2 (1978)
" EPA Water Quality Criteria Data Book (1976)
*** EPA National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations Implementation (1978) 2-146 science services division
O t ; t r v Table 2-54 Water Quality Parameters Measured in Bailly Study Area Parameter Station Method Accuracy l AQUATIC Water Chemistry and Bacteriology General Water Quality Alkalinity. total 1-21 Titratian 1% ac 100 mg/L Calcium, soluble 1-21 exc 12 Atomic absorption 20.05 mg/t Chloride, total Auto analysis 2/3% at 5 mg/t Conductance, specific conductivity bridge 5% at 50 kehoe Oxygen, dissolved 1-21 Winkler and polaro- 20.1 mg/t graphic oxygen, saturation 1-21 Calculation N/A odor. threshold 1-21 exc 12 Threshold N/A Magnesium, soluble 1-21 exc 12 Atomic absorption 20.004 ag/t Hardness 1-21 exc 12 Titration 2.9% at 232 as/t pH 1-21 Electrode 20.1 pH Potassium, soluble 1-21 exc 12 Atomic absorption 20.005 mg/t Sodium, solutie 1-21 exc 12 Atomic absorption' 20.005 mg/E Dissolved solids, total 1-21 exc 12 Cravinetric 42 at 100 mg/1 Suspended solids, total 1-21 exc 12 Cravimetric et at 100 mg/t Sulfate 1-21 exc 12 Colorimetric 31 at 100 mg/L Temperatute 1-21 Thermometer 20.1*C Tarbidity 1-21 Nephelometr ic N/A Color, true 1-21 exc 12 Standard filters N/A Fluoride, soluble 1-21 exc 12 Distillation 8% at 600 ag/t Aquatic Nutrients Ammonia, soluble 1-21 Auto analysis 0.31% at 8 ,igat/tN Nitrate, soluble 1-21 Auto analysis 0.59% at 2.5 $ sat /tN 1-21 0.591 at 2.5 kgat/tN {}f Nitrite, soluble Auto analysis organic nitrogen, t;tal 1-21 Auto analysis 1.25% at 50 mg/is Orthophosphate, soluble 1-21 Auto analyeh 1.981 at 2 kgat/LP w/ 0.891 at 30 mg/IP Phosphorus. total 1-21 Auto analyn s Silica. soluble 1-21 Auto anaiss u 0.361 at 5 mg/1SiO2 Trace Elenents Cadmium, total 13-21 Atomic absorption 20.005 mg/L Chromium. soluble hexavalent 13-21 Auto analysis 20.141 at 0.10 mg/t Chromium, total 13-21 Atomic absorption 20.002 mg/t Copper, total 13-21 Atomic absorption 20.03 mg/t Iron, soluble 13-21 Atomic absorption 20.05 mg/1 Manaanese, total 13-21 Atomic absorption 20.01 ag/t Mercury, total 13-21 Atomic absorption 20.0002 mg/t Nickel, total 13-21 Atomic absorptlan 20.05 mg/t Zinc total 13-21 Atomic absorpt on 20.01 m1 4 Lead 13-21 Atomic absorption 20.01 agi-Indicators of Industrial and organic contamination Bacteria, fecal caliform 13-21 Membrane fil'er N/A Bacteria, total coliform 13-21 Membrane filter N/A Biochemical Oxygen Demand 13-21 Winkler and polaro- 20.1 mg/t graphic Hexane-soluble materials 13-21 Hexane extraction N/A organic carbon, total 13-21 Combastion - IR N/A Phenols 13-21 Chloroform extractior 20.0001 mg/t Methylene Blue-Active substance 13-21 Spectrophotometric 20.02 mg/t Cyanide 13-21 Cyanide distillation 10.005 mg/t Chemical Oxygen temand 13-21 titration 20.1 mg/L Sediment Cadmium, total 13-20 Atomic absorption 20.005 mg/t Chromium, total 13-20 Atomic absorption 20.07 ag/t Copper, total 13-20 Atomic absorption 20.03 mg/L 1ron total 13-20 Atomic absorption 20.05 mg/t t.eaJ. total 13-20 Atomic absorption 20.06 agl1 Manganese, total 13-20 Atomic absorption 20.01 mg/t Mercury, total 13-20 Atomic absorption 20.0C02 ag/l (flameless) Nickel. total 13-20 Atomic absorption 20.05 mg/t Selenium, total 13-20 Atoe ts arsorption 20.0003 mg/A Vanadium, total 13-20 Arcaic atsorption 20.002 mg/t
'in total 13-20 Atomic W orptian ?9.01 ag/t .
/ g *1.ose at 2 agat/t 13-20 . W e analysis l iv/ - + N ephorus. total 2-147 science services division
O All samples were preserved and processed following Standard Methods (APHA 1975 and EPA 1973) techniques. Table 2-54 lists the sample locations, method, and accuracy of individual analyses performed during the study. 2.6.3 RESULTS. Results of monthly analyses for the 1979-1980 survey in the Bailly study area have been presented in previous quarterly reports (Texas Instruments 1979b, 1979c, 1980a, 1980b). These parameters are pre-sented by month in the following five classes: e General water quality parameters e Aquatic nutrients e Trace elements e Indicators of industrial and organic pollution e Sediments 2.6.4 DISCUSSION 2.6.4.1 General Water Quality Parameters. Water temperature, one of the easiest and most commonly measured parameters in natural waters, is known to have significant effects on aquatic organisms. Mean monthly temperatures for Lake Michigan, the Bailly Station discharge, and the nearshore ponds are presented in Figure 2-33. Lake Michigan temperatures normally peak in July or August, with the highest temperature recorded over the 6 year study period being 23 C in August 1979. Discharge temperatures ranged from 3 to 15 C above ambient Lake Michigan temperatures at the surface. A 316(a)(b) study conducted in 1976 (Texas Instruments 1976b and c) indicated a mean discharge AT of 7.9 C. Thermal stratification was observed in June 1979, when an approximately 7C AT was recorded between the surface and bottom at the 50-foot depth contour. No thermal stratification was observed during the remainder of the 1979 sampling period. During 1979, the interdunal ponds and Cowles Bog reached maximum temperatures in August with a range from 21.5 to 26.0 C. Minimum temperatures were recorded in November 1979, ranging from 4.8 to 5.6 c. Temperatures are measured only quarterly (monthly in 1974 and early 1975), although pond temperatures fluctuate daily because of their ability to gain or lose heat more rapidly than larger water bodies such as Lake Michigan. Year 6 (1979) ] l l 2-148 science services division l l
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O O O o CONTINUUUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THP.00GH NONSN1PLING MrATHS. 30 -
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## 1974 1975 1976 1977 478 1979 h MONTH n. ;i- Figure 2-33. Temperatures Me.asured at Lake Michigan Control Station 9S, Discharge Station 10S,
{ and Mean Pond Temperature for Stations 17S-21S, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 N
O results were similar to those of years 1 through 5; i.e., the temperatures of the smaller water bodies were generally higher .han the lake (excluding dis-charge temperatures). Ponds warmed sooner in the spring and cooled sooner in the fall. Based on the higher surface-to-volume ratios of the ponds, these changes were not unexpected. Oxygen content is as important to the aquatic community structure as tempera-ture; water which is low in dissolved oxygen can harm fish and other aquatic life. An absence of dissolved oxygen brought on by the accumulation of oxidizable material may *esult in anaerobic conditions, especially near the sediment layers of the bottom. Oxygen content may be modified by such factors as temperature, phytoplankton composition, sunlight, nutrients, and decomposable organic matter (Reid 1961). Solubility of oxygen increases with decreasing temperature and vice-versa. Indiana standards call for not less than 7 milligrams per liter of oxygen for Lake Michigan (Indiana Reg. SPC 4R-2). Oxygen content in Lake Michigan in the vicinity of Bailly Station during 1979 h ranged from 7.2 to 17.3 milligrams per liter and 83 to more than 100 percent saturation. Average monthly percentage saturation levels were in excess of 89 percent. Oxygen levels in the interdunal ponds during 1979 were highly variable. ranging from a low of 0.0 milligrams per liter in Cowles Bog (Station 21) in August to 12.4 milligrams per liter in April in Pond C (Station 20). Percent saturation values over the same period ranged from 0 to 115 percent. Observed levels in the interdunal ponds (stations 17-21) l were, with the exception of the extremely low value at Station'21 in August, ample for the protection of indigenous aquatic populations. Low oxygen i levels in Cowles Bog are a natural occurrence for this type of pond. l l l l Acidity or alkalinity of the water, as reflected by pH, is also important. Maximum productivity generally occurs between pH 6.0 to 8.0, and Indiana standards set a range of 7.5 to 8.5. The parameter pH, which is expressed mathematically as log 10 , is regulated by the buf fering capacity of the water, a capacity generally controlled by carbonate and bicarbonate ions, although iron compounds and silica are also important (Garrels 19e5). The pH is altered by such factors as productivity and influx of external acidic ., r 2-150 science services division
,ON () alkaline ions, and fluctuates through the day as CO is utilized or produced. 2 In 1979, pH in Lake Michigan ranged from 7.5 to 8.65, a range slightly exceed-ing the standard. In 1976 and 1978, the pH in Lake Michigan varied from 7.3 to 8.3 and 7.1 to 8.7, respectively, (ranges also exceeding the ISPCB standards) and during 1975, pH ranged from 6.4 to 8.2; the 1974 pH range was 6.4 to 8.4. As dis-cussed by the EPA (1976), normal surface water pH ranges from 6.0 to 9.0. Tolerance limits for most organisms fall between 5.0 and 9.0 (when pH is the only factor considered [ EPA 1976]), and McKee and Wolf (1963) state that 90 percent of the waters supporting good fish populations have ranges of 6.7 to 8.3. On these bases, the pH range described in the Bailly study area is normal and should not cause any problems for indigenous species. The pH in the discharge was similar to the open-lake values, indicating that plant operation apparently does not affect pH. Pond values were lower (i.e., more acid) than lake values, as in previous years except 1975, when values (- were similar. Values in the settling ponds were much higher (low of 6.6) in 1979 than in previous years. The lowest pH value recorded in the settling ponds was 3.9 in 1978, 3.0 in 1977, 3.6 in 1976, 2.8 in 1975, and 3.5 in 1974. The pH at Station 21 (Cowles Bog) was generally higher than expected for a bog area, with values ranging from 6.5 to 7.4 (similar values were recorded in previous years); this is probably due to the location of the station at the edge rather than center of the bog. Bog waters are generally characterized as being brown in color, high in nutrients and organic material, lower in pH, and with little or no oxygen in deeper areas (Reid 1961). These conditions generally exist at Cowles Bog, although the bog is also quite shallow and apparently does not become anoxic except perhaps under the ice in winter. The conditions observed during 1979 were similar to previous years' data for the interdunal ponds in the Bailly Station vicinity. Alkalinity is the measure of the ability of a solution to neutralize hydrogen ions and is generally expressed as an equivalent amount of calcium carbonate (CACO ). This measure is the effect of a combination of substances J 3 comprising primarily carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydroxides (McKee and Wolf 1963). Mean quarterly alkalinity values in the lake ranged from 92 to 111 1 l 2-151 science services division !
O milligrams per liter, well within acceptable standards and comparable to past 4 data. Alkalinity values for control Station 9S in Lake Michigan, plus values for the nearshore ponds, are shown in Figure 2-34 Alkalinity values at the discharge station were similar to lake values. These concentrations are similar to previous years of this study, and the observed alkalinity levels are adequate for the maintenance of moderate buffering capacity and should keep pH within acceptable ranges. Alkalinity in the nearst,re ponds exhibited much wider variability, and all ponds except Cowles Bog e thibited generally low alkalinity (mean values less than 55 milligrams per liter) - an indication of low buffering capacity. Cowles Bog levels fluctuated widely from a low of 94 milligrams per liter in November 1979 to a high of 234 milligrams per liter in June. Similarly wide ranges were observed in past years and appear to be an annual occurrence, although the August 1977 peak was the highest observed to date. Observation of this and other water quality parameters indicates that the Cowles Bog area may be influenced or maintained by runoff. Because of this, the Cowles Bog area is potentially sensitive and will continue to be closely monitored in the futuro. The remaining parameters used as indicators of general water quality are often considered interrelated in their contribution to the chemical environ-ment of water. Turbidity and color, suspended and dissolved solids, hardness, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulfates, conductivity, chlorides and fluorides, and odor will be discussed in groups. Turbidity is the property of water that causes light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines. The presence of suspended solids such as silt, finely divided organic material, bacteria, and plankton determines turbidity levels. Color is derived partly from dissolved solids and partly from suspended particulate material. Turbidity in Lake Michigan ranged from less than 1 to 16, while color levels remained less than 5 Platinum-Cobalt units throughout the year. Values for turbidity were relatively constant throughout 1979 in both the open lake and discharge waters, continuing a trend established in the period of 1974 through 1978, and within ISPCB standards. As expected, turbidity and color in the near-shore ponds were generally higher than in the lake; possible sources of both 2-152 science services division
O O o o CONTINU0US NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INTER DATA CONTINUITY THRCJGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 350 -
--- PONDS B AND C
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O h 200 - S ra m M E t'; i , W 150 - U 5
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n , , , , , . , , k MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUGNOVlAPR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV i 1974 1975 1976 l 1977 1978 1979 o O u Figure 2-34. Alkalinity at Lake Michigan Station 9S, Settling Ponds 13-16, h Ponds B and C, and Cowles Bog, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979
,7 c7 3
O turbidity and color include organic growth and decomposition or contributions of material from outside sources. Dramatically high color levels observed in Cowles Bog (e.g., 270 Pt-Co units in August) probably were the result of high levels of organic matet tal. Color observed in the lake generally indicates
" clear" water; the EPA (1971) has described waters below 45 APHA units as d 'irable for photosyntnetic activity and lakes with levels of 0 to 5 units as highly transparent.
In natural waters, suspended solids normally consist of silt and clay from erosion, particulate organic detritus, bacteria, and plankton, while dis-solved solids consist of carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, phosphates, and nitrates in combination with metallic cations such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium, Suspended and dissolved solids are important in the ecosystem where the suspended solids, which include bacteria and phyto-plankton, . may be used by secondary consumers, and where the bacteria and phytoplankton can assimilate the dissolved solids in the form of nutrients and/or osmotic balancers. O Suspended solids levels recorded in the Bailly study area ranged from less than 1.0 to 166 milligran.s per liter with generally higher values during April and August than during June and November. The suspended solids levels (generally between 5 and 40 milligrams per liter) during April and August 1979 were higher than the levels observed in previous years (generally less than 5 milligrams per liter). Contribution by runoff or wind action to suspended solids levels may have been the cause of the high suspended solids levels. The nearshore ponds exhibited varying levels of suspended solids throughout 1979, indicating man-related influences (ash particles suspended in settling pond water) or natural particulate matter addition from rainfall and subsequent runoff. Suspended solids levels in the natural pond (stations 17-21) were higher during 1979 than during previous years. Lake Michigan dissolved solids ranged from 65 to 205 milligrams per liter. Values were generally similar to those observed during 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977 (Figure 2-35). Variations in concentrations of dissolved solids probably resulted from runoff and changes in water circulation patterns near the shore. Nearshore ponds exhibited a highly variable pattern in dissolved 2-154 science services division
o
,9 U solids (Figure 2-36), probably due to such natural processes as dilution and runoff, evaporative concentration, and assimilation of elements in biological metabolism.
; CONTINU0US NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTH $.
k
- 240. -
160 so - 5 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . > > > h MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUC NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG MOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUM AUG MOV 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Figure 2-35. Total Dissolved Solids Concentrations, Lake Michigan, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Many factors affect conductance. Concentrations of dissolved solids are notably important, and there is usually a high correlation between conduc-tance and calcium and magnesium ion levels, because the two elements are the most abundant ions in fresh water. Lake Michigan conouctance values during O V 1979 ranged from 220 to 580 micromhos. Ranges of lake conductance values in previous years were 242 to 310 micromhos in 1978, 240 to 325 micromhos in 1977, 225 to 411 micromhos in 1976, 182 to 340 micromhos in 1975, and 160 to 340 micromhos in 1974. Values for a.. four years fell well within ISPCB standards of 1800-1200 micromhos. Conductance values in the ash-settling ponds, Pond B, and Cowles Bog were generally higher than in the lake; Pond C yielded conductance lower than the other ponds and similar to the lake. The conductance value fluctuations observed in the ponds are not unusual for shallow bodies of water, which reflect environmental changes quicker than larger bodies of water. Conductance was particularly high in the ash-settling (stations 13-16) ponds and Pond B. Values in the ash-settling ponds appear to be related to coal-ash addition; seepage into Pond B from the ash ponds is speculated but unproved at this time. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and sulfate comprises a group which is important to the chemical nature of the water, and which plays a role in determining hardness of waters. They are considered together because of g their solubility and because they do not generally form complexes readily (_- (except for calcium, which may precipitate under alkaline conditions, and l l 2-155 science services division i
o CONilNUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITi THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. POND 8 COWLES B0G _ . . POND C 960 - 880 - ei 800 - Il fI ii 720 - 1 3 640 - o I />,
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i.._ 'y!,f'~a' Y s' j\ Q 80 s' \u- j 's #', v' y g i . . . i e i . . . i i i i i i i . . i i i . . . . i i - g) MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB. MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APA JUN AUG NOV APR JUN A NOV, APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV U 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 0 () 2
.7 ry Figure 2-36. Total Dissolved Solids concentration from Interdunal Pond Samples, g Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 E
5 45 o e _ - - - - - - - ---- -- - O O
o b' v sulfates, which, because they are oxidation products, react somewhat differ-ently). Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium fluc-tuatad slightly during 1979 and constituted a trend of values similar to 1974 through 1978. High sulfate values (higher than ISPCB standards) were found during November at stations 10 and 22. Sulphate levels at other stations were higher during November than during other months but did not exceed the 50-milligram per-liter allowable limit. Levels of sulfate continued to be considerably higher in the ponds than in the lake. The levels of sulfate were reduced to near Lake Michigan levels during June 1979 in Cowles Bog and during April in Cowles Bog and Pond C. No exact explanation is evident and high levels may , imply be the result of increased spring runoff. There are no defined ISPCB standards for any of the above parameters except sulfate. All of the above are found in what are considered to be acceptable concentrations in lake and discharge samples. Their concentrations in Lake Michigan appear to be indicative of water of good environmental quality. Results for all nearshore ponds revealed higher concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sulfates than in Lake Michigan, although levels in Pond C and Cowles Bog were periodically as low as lake values.
> Since the beginning of the study in May 1974 through mid-1978, a trend of increasing sulfate concentrations has been observed in Pond B; l'oweve r , the sulfate levels were lower in 1979 than in 1976-1978. An attempt was made to relate concentrations in Pond B to concentrations in the ash-settling ponds, particularly ash ponds 2 and 3 (stations 14 and 15), whict are located directly across the Bailly station access road fron Pond B. Although a trend of increasing sulfate concentrations was observed in the ash ponds as well as in Pond B, the relationship between the ash ponds and Pond B is not totally clear, as shown in Figure 2-37.
Hardness is affected by a variety of ions, primarily calcium and magnesium, mainly because of the ability of these ions to remain in solution at high concentrations. Since relatively small fluctuations (10 to 20 percent) in calcium and magnesium concentrations were observed in the lake, the result ! V was relatively constant hardness for 1979, as in previous years. liardness 157 science services division
o 1009 CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 1 A,
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% Figure 2-37. Sulfate Concentrations, Pond B and Ash Settling Pond Stat ions 14 and 15,
- Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 O O O
o O V fluctuated more in the nearshore ponds than in Lake Michigan, as expected based on wide variability in ionic concentrations. For example, June 1979 calcium values ranged from a low of 19.6 milligrams per liter in Pond C to 81.5 milligrams per liter in Pond B. Variability was similar in other months. Chlorides and fluorides were found at low concentrations in both Lake Michigan and the interdunal ponds. Chloride levels during April 1979 were sli;htly lower in Lake Michigan than any observed since program initiation in May 1974. Chloride values in the interdunal Pond B and a@ ponds were slightly higher than Lake Michigan values with values from Pond C and Cowles Bog relatively similar to Lake Michigan levels in 1979. Fluoride levels have remained at approximately 2 milligrams per liter or less from 1974 to 1980, and during 1979, levels were less than 0.5 milligrams per liter in all samples except in Pond B and Cowles Bog during June, when individual samples reached 2.0 milligrams per liter. O d Odor, the last general water quality parameter to be considered, is re-stricted by Indiana standards to being less then 8 units for a single value or a daily average of 4 units. The method for obtaining these values is to dilute the original sample with odor-free water and smell it. A value of 4 indicates a sample having a detectable odor af ter dilution to one fourth of its original concentration. This was done for samples from the Bailly vicinity, with values being reported as positive (mean value 4 or greater or single value(s) of 8 or greater) or negative (no detectable odor). Results for 1979 were identical to previous years' results. Lake samples had virtually no odor and were reported as negative in all cases. All settling pond samples were negative, but all natural pond samples had detectable odors exceeding ISPCB standards, undoubtedtly due to decomposition of organic material. This is natural for most small pond systems, except for relatively rare, sand-bottom oligotrophic ponds, and was expected in the nearshore ponds. ;
)
2.6.4.2 Aquatic Nutrients. Nineteen elements have been reported as being O %/ essential nutrients for aquatic plants: boron, carbon, calcium, chlorine, cobalt, copper, iron, hydrogen, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, l 2-159 science services division i
o nitrogen, sodium, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, vanadium, and zine ( AWA 1970). In this group the less common elements are as essential for plant growth as are the more common ones - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The major nutrients considered in the Bailly Nuclear study were phosphorus (orthophosphate and total phosphorus), nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, and organic nitrogen), and silica. Studies by FWPCA (1968) have shown that ammonia, total phosphorus, and silica are not heavily concentrated in the nearshore areas of southern Lake Michigan. The potential effect of additions of these elements, particular phosphorus and nitrogen, is as follows (from Schelske 1971): e Incre: se in plankton biomass e Decreasing water transparency e Changing water color (apparent) e Oxygen depletion in .he hypolimnion e Changes in species composition These effects are generally considered undesirable, as they change the eco-system, reduce recreational opportunities, i. tase costs for water treat-ment, and reduce or destroy aesthetic values. Cenclusions from studies of Lake Michigan (Schelske 1971) are that 1) silica depletion will become an increasingly serious problem (values of less than 0.1 milligram per liter were reported as early as 1969 in southern Lake Michigan by Schelske 1971);
- 2) phosphorus additions have caused an increased demand by diatoms for available soluble silica supplies; and 3) because of conditions 1 and 2, Schelske predicted a possible shift from diatom-dominant populations to increasing green- and blue green-dominant populations. An examination of the 1979 phytoplankton data from the vicinity of Bailly Station shows that such a shift may indeed be occurring. While diatoms remain the biovolume dominant, green and blue green algae dominated the density during all seasons in 1979.
Silica (SiO )2 is a common component of natural waters. Silica is important, since diatoms incorporate silica into their frustules during reproducion. Unlike many other minerals, silica does not appear important in the composi-tion of animal or plant protoplasm. 9 2-160 science services division
o i
!j As mentioned, silict concentration has decreased in Lake Michigan since the early 1900s, and silica is now found primarily offshore, away from the productive nearshore zone. The downward trend in silicates in Lake Michigan is shown in Figure 2-38. In the vicinity of Bailly Station, silica concentrations during 1979 ranged from 0.39 to 1.35 milligrams per liter; 1974 through 1978 data yielded similar ranges, although mean values did fluctuate by month, as shown in Figure 2-39. Average silica concentrations were slightly higher during 1979 than during previous years (Figure 2-39).
Silica was found at considerably higher levels in the interdunal ponds than in Lake Michigan (Figure 2-40). Values in ponds B and C tended to be lower in spring, a period of known diatom abundance, and higher in the summer. Values within Cowles Bog were erratic, ranging from 5.7 to 17.2 milligrams per liter. O G' 2.0 - o O D
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n N 0.0 1962 1970 1975 Figure 2-38. The Downward Trend in Silicate Concentrations in Lake Michigan
/"N during the Period 1962-1975 (From Verdium, 1977 - data compiled l
C from 1962 data of Risley and Fuller [1965], 1970 data of Schelske and Roth (1973], and 1971-1975 data collected by NALCO Environ-mental Sciences for Commonwealth Edison Company) 2-161 science services division l
C CONTINDOU$ NATLRE OF Con 4ECT!4G LI4E$ 00E5 NOT IMFER DATA C047!1GITY WROUGH IIONSM4PLi% 504?w$. _g i.0 - 3 E fa 0.5 - 40 NO % I f I L 1 1 i f I t t j t I t l t alAY JUL SEP 40V FE5 APR JUN AUG WV APR pg3 463 %g APR Jun MG MOV APR JUM AUG APR JLN AUG 40V 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 MD = h0 DATA Figure 2-39. Mean Silica Concentrations, Lake Michigan Stations, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 CONTINUOUS NATURE CF CONNECTING LINES DCES NOT IhFER CATA CONTIMUITY THROUGH NCNSAMPLING MONTHS. Zi L " POMO 8 - STATION 17 15 - 9 - 3 - .T' 90 0 18 AUG AUG AUG AUG AUG 21 - 15 - PCND B - STATION 18 9 - 3 40 40
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, , , , i , , i i a i i i e i t t a n MC4 MAT JUN AUG NCV l APR JUN AG NOV l APR JUM AUG MQV l APR JUM AUG DJV l APR JUM AUG NOV l APR JUM AUG 1974 l 1975 l 1976 1 1977 l 1978 L 1979 Figure 2-40. Silica Concentrations, hearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-162 science services division
i i 1 I / () Phosphorus occurs in many forms in aquatic ecosystems. The fully oxidized state, phosphate, is the principal form in naturally occurring phosphorus compounds. Orthophosphate (P04 -3) is generally the least abundant nutrient in natural waters, although it is the active component involved in growth of green aquatic plants. Considering the principal forms of phosphorus, dis-solved orthophosphate makes up only 0.21 percent of the total, while particu-late phosphorus represents 98.5 percent of the total. Concentrations of orthophosphate and total phosphorus in Lake Michigan during 1979 ranged from
<0.002 to 0.029 mi? ' gram per liter and <0.002 to 0.074 milligram per liter, respectively. A high total phosphorus value (0.297 milligram per liter) was observed in November, apparently caused by sample bottle contamination (see Appendix Table G-7). Other values (those not believed contaminated) were comparable to 1975 through 1978 Lake Michigan levels.
Phosphorus (orthophosphate and total) loadings in the nearshore ponds were generally similar as a group to those in the lake. Concentration varied from
<0.002 to 0.031 milligram per liter for orthophosphate and <0.002 to 0.143 milligram per liter for total phosphorus. Ranges of orthophosphate for previous years were similar as shown in Figure 2-41. Values were high in ponds B and C in June, but decreased to lower and fairly constant levels in the other months. Levels in Cowles Bog gradually increased from April through November with no extremely high levels as observed in previous years (Figure 2-41).
The remaining major nutrient measured in the Bailly Station study was nitrogen, which exists in several forms in the aquatic ecosystem, including dissolved nitrogen gas - (N 2), ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 +), nitrate salts (NO 3_ , nitrite (N0 2 -), ions, and organic nitrogen compounds (primarily attributable to the presence of aquatic life). The community structure of the aquatic ecosystem can be influenced by the concentration of the above forms, which are commonly made available to the aquatic ecosystem through biological processes (such as nitrogen release, denitrification, nitrification, and nitrogen fixation). Most of the nitrogen other than gaseous N2 is in the form of organic nitrogen (Sauchelli 1964, as recorded from AWA 1970). Inorganic nitrogen forms seldom exceed concentrations of a few milligrams per (,) liter in surface waters, although they may reach 100 parts per million in SClence SerWICes dlVISIOn
O ground waters. The concentrations of nitrogen in the water varies widely in the U.S., ranging from 0.1 to 3 milligrams per liter. ISPCB or U.S. EPA standards permit the following maximum levels: Arcaonia - 0.05 milligram per liter Nitrates plus nitrites - 10 milligrams per liter Total organic nitrogen - no limits set Of the nitrogen found in nature, organic nitrogen, as mentioned, is the pre-dominant form followed closely by nitrate nitrogen (Hutchinson 1957). This is particularly true in the summer because of rapid incorporation of organic nitrogen by green plant tissue and because of the more complete nitrification occurring at that time. 14 - LAKE *ICHIGAM CON'ROL STATION 95 10 - 6 2 - i t A E I I f n 1 i i f I I I T I PO4D 8 24 . 16 - 8 -
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Figure 2-41. Orthophosphate Concentrations, Lake Michigan Control Station 9S and Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-164 science services division
m (v) Ammonia nitrogen concentrations in Lake Michigan decreased from April through November (Table 2-55). Somewhat similar trends were observed in past years with lowest values usually during August. Values for ammonia exceeded ISPCB standards during April 1979 at all stations; ammonia values have exceeded ISPCB standards in portions of all previous years. Power plant operation has seemed to have little apparent relationship to these excessive values. Fewer ammonia values were in excess of state standards during 1978 and 1979 than during 1977 when standards were exceedad during all mouths sampled. The levels observed during April 1979 should not endanger any indigenous fauna (EPA 1971). During all six years, ammonia values were high at many pond stations, in some cases exceeding standards several fold. These levels were due primarily to microbial activity on detritus and possibly the introduction of ammonia from external sources. The excessive values in the ponds were probably of natural origin, as from decomposition products. O ( ,/ Potentially detrimental concentrations of ammonia (0.32 to 4.9 milligrams per liter) were observed during 1979 in Pond B (in April, June, August, and November) and in Pond C (April and November). This was different than during 1978,1977, or 1975 sampling periods when no extremely detrimental concentra-tions of ammonia were observed in the rearshore ponds. However during Septem-ber 1974, a 1.66 milligram per liter value was recorded at Station 20, and a 1.54-milligram per liter value was recorded at Station 17 in November 1976. The values observed during 1974, 1976 and 1979 are in excess of the 0.29 to 0.41-milligram per liter levels noted by Ball (1967) as being lethal to lake trout and yellow perch (neither of which are thought to be found in the ponds) in 2 to 7 days (LD50 or 50 percent death in 2-7 days). Other species (e.g., green sunfish or bluntnose minnow which could potentially be in the pond) would not have been as cusceptible ta these concentrations (Henderson et al. 1960, Hemens 1966, Summerfelt and Lniis 1967) but probably would have moved from the zone. Because of the wita-mixing potential of these shallow ponds, it is unlikely that toxic levels of ammonia were reached, and no dead fish have been noted during sample collection.
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l ! 2-165 science services division l l
o O T.' ale 2-55 Concentrations of Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, and Organic Nitrogen (mg/1), Lake Michigan Control Station 9S and Nearshore Pond Stations 17-21, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Amonia Nitrate Nitrite Organic Nitrogen Year Month 95 Pond 95 Pond 9S Pond 9S Pond 1974 May 0.06 0.15 0.03 1.90 0.006 0.008 0.10 0.31 Jun 0.02 0.06 0.18 0.02 0.006 0.006 0.31 1.22 Jul 0.004 0.53 0.16 0.02 0.005 0.004 0.16 1.82 Aug 0.004 0.11 1.45 0.04 0.007 0.004 0.34 1.24 Sep 0.04 0.49 0.17 0.01 0.005 0.004 0.23 0.98 Oct 0.03 1.22 0.10 C.ui 0.004 0.006 0.11 1.45 Nov 0.05 0.81 0.26 0.05 0.005 0.004 0.18 1.16 1975 Feb 0.10 0.66 0.27 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.15 0.77 Mar 0.05 0.12 0.29 0.006 0.003 0.004 0.05 0.48 Apr 0.03 0.058 0.27 0.03 0.004 0.002 0.09 0.41 May 0.07 0.060 0.31 <0.04 0.008 0.004 0.20 0.46 Jun 0.04 0.049 0.23 <0.04 0.006 0.002 0.13 0.60 Aug 0.02 0.054 0.18 0.04 0.005 0.002 0.17 0.56 Nov 0.008 0.089 0.13 0.05* 0.004 0.005 0.12 0.67 1976 Apr Jun 0.03 0.02 0.112 0.430 0.26 0.18 0.37
<0.04 0.004 0.004 3.003 0.002 0.17 0.05 0.28 0.36 g
Aug 0.01 0.213 0.18 <0.04 0.007 0.002 0.13 0.30 Nov 0.05 0.572 0.14 0.35 0.005 0.005 0.07 <0.04 1977 Apr 0.02 0.206 0.26 0.06 0.002 0.003 0.18 0.32 Jun 0.04 0.293 0.24 0.11 0.002 0.007 0.14 0.54 Aug 0.01 0.061 0.14 0.01 <0.002 0.002 0.11 0.27 Nov 0.07 0.078 0.21 0.04 0.003 0.002 0.19 0.37 1978 Apr 0.04 0.042 0.25 0.166**. 0.003 0.002** 0.71 0.90 Jun 0.02 0.100 0.95 0.103** 0.003 0.009 0.44 0.76 Aug 0.01 0.013 0.15 <0.040 <0.002 0.005 0.23 0.59 Nov 0.04 0.177 0.16 0.060 0.003 0.004 0.31 0.91 1979 Apr 0.08 0.710 0.26 0.04 .0.006 0.004 0.45 0.34 Jun 0.04 0.315 0.190 0.262 0.009 0.001 0.180 1.32 Aug 0.01 0.113 0.16 <0.01 0.001 <0.001 0.169 2.20 Nov <0.002 1.748 0.14 0.008 0.019 0.041 0.182 2.64 Sample contamination in three samples; these values were deleted in calculation. Sample values below detection not used in calculation. 9 2-166 science services division
l This same nitrogen load that controlled anuonia levels undoubtedly also affected nitrate and nitrite loadings, total levels of which must be below 10 milligrams per liter by U.S. EPA standards. Levels in the lakes and ponds never exceeded this value during the six years. Although nitrate values in Lake Michigan were higher than normal during November 1975, with concentra-ticas at Station 5 of 2.80 milligrams per liter and at Station 6 of 2.80 and 3.40 milligrams per liter, levels during 1976 and 1977 never exceeded 0.3 milligram per liter; 1978 values were similarly low and usually below 0.2 millig am per liter. Higher levels occurred in 1979, however, with April nitrate levels between 0.3 and 0.4 milligrams per liter. Concentrations in the interdunal ponds were usually lower. Concentrations from comparable months (insofar as data were available) of 1974-1979 are shown in Figure 2-42. With the exception of relatively few higher values, nitrate levels in Lake Michigan and the ponds were stable. Average levels in Cowles Bog were the lowest observed in the study. O LJ Nitrites occur in very minute quantities in unpolluted waters (Reid 1961); appreciable quantities of nitrite are chracteristic of organic contamination and decomposition. Highest nitrite concentrations were observed in November 1979. Concentrations of nitrite in the ponds were generally lower than in Lake Michigan, with the exception of several of the ash-settling ponds which may receive some nitrite addition via sanctuary wastes. Organic nitrogen is formed and degraded primarily by biological action. The commonly recognized forms of organic nitrogen are proteins and their deriva-tives - purines, pyrimidines, and urea (AWWA 1970). The concentration of organic nitrogen can be expected to vary seasonally in natural waters such as Lake Michigan. Total organic nitrogen is a valuable indicator of the productivity of a body of water. Lake Michigan organic nitrogen values in the vicinity of Bailly Station ranged from 0.04 to 0.83 milligram per liter during 1979. Values for previous years were in the same range. Values in the ponds exhibited individ-O ual ranges f rom < 0. 01 to 13.10 milligrams per liter; values from the ponds in () 2-167 science services division
o previous years were lower. The nearshore ponds, especially Cowles Bog, exhibited generally higher con-entrations and greater fluctuations chan Lake Michigan. The previous years' studies revealed similar trends. The rela-tively low organic nitrogen concentrations in the lake were substantiated by low phytoplankton productivity results, while higher organic nitrogen concen-trations in the ponds indicated a higher productivity, as substantiated by results of concurrent phytoplankton analysis.
- 1. 6 1.2.
. LME *ICHIGAN COM*ROL STAT!0M 95
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T i , , MY JUN AUG NOV l APR JUN AUG %V APR J',1 AUG NOV APR JUN AUG APR JUN AUG MOVI APR JUM Ai3G NOV 1974 l 1975 1976 1977 1979 1979 CONT!10005 NATURE OF CChMECTING LINES DOES NOT I4FER DATA CONTINUITY THRC'EH NON5A,9 LING O'HS. l values below limit of detection Figure 2-42. Nitrate Nitrogen Concentrations at Lake Michigan Control Station 9S and Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 2-168 science services division 1 i I
o t i L) Observations of the concentrations of the described aquatic nutrients revealed that the waters of southern Lake Michigan in the study area are environmentally of excellent quality and can support diverse aquatic communities; the nearshore ponds are somewhat more enriched (with the exception of silica) but should, and do, support a diverse community. 2.6.4.3 Trace Elements in Water. Trace elements are as essential to plant growth as are the more common compounds such as nitrates, phosphates, and silicates. However, just as with the nutrients, an overabundance of a trace element can cause problems to the indigenous flora and fauna. For example, copper is important for algal growth at low concentrations but at higher concentrations inhibits algal growth. Mercury can become concentrated in fish and other animal tissues and is linked to poisoning and reduced repro-duction. Cadmium, lead, and zine are known toxic metals to which some plants (such as Typha latifolia, broad-leafed cattail) can develop a tolerance (McNaughcon et al. 1974), thus preventing devoid areas in the vicinity of p' \' known concentrations of these elements. Cop ~ r, nickel, and zine have been shown to be toxic to some fish species by investigators including Renwoldt et al (1971) and Doudoroff and Katz (1953). With this background and other literature in mind, water quality standards for the great majority of these elements have been proposed. For the State of Indiana, these have been presented in Table 2-53. Data collected in the Bailly Station vicinity will be compared with these standards. Samples for trace element analysis were not , scheduled for collection in Lake Michigan during the period April 1976 through March 1980. During 1974, cadmium concentrations were reported in excess of limits in seven of 42 samples collected in Lake Michigan during October. This is the only known excessive occurrence. During 1975 and 1976, many of the trace element concentrations were at or below analytical detection limits, an indication of water of good quality for existing biota. The trace element survey in the nearshore ponds revealed no trends, but 7 constant fluctuations of all values. Cadmium, manganese, iron, and mercury (V were found in concentrations greater than ISPCB limits during 1979. Mercury 2-169 science services division
O was found at greater than U.S. EPA recommended levels in 1974 and 1975, but did not exceed these standard levels in 1976, 1977, or 1978 samples. Table 2-56 shows those elements in excess by month for the 1979 collections. Tables 2-57, 2-58, 2-59, 2-60, and 2-61 show excessive values for 1978, 1977, 1976, 1975, and 1974, respectively. The other element showing values above limits during past years was iron. During 1978 iron levels were below maximum standards but was above standards in previous years. The source of this element is thought to be airborne input from nearby steel producing facilities. Cadmium, lead, and manganese were found in all ponds during 1979 in as least one of the quarterly samples. Coal-ash deposition is thought to be the cause for the levels in the ash ponds; subsequent seepage to Pond B is speculateo but unproved as the source of mangar.ase in Pond B. Table 2-56 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, Bailly Study Area, April 1979-March 1980 Element Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog 0 Cadmium Apr, Jun Chromium Copper Iron Apr, Jun, Aug. Nov Apr, Jun Apr, Nov Apr, Jun, Aug Lead Manganese Apr, Aug, Nov Apr, Aug, Nov Nov Nov Mercury Jun l Nickel l Zinc l No. valucs in excess 10 5 3 4 Note: No samples required for stations 1-10. G 2-170 science services division
t o N V I Table 2-57 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, Bailly Study Area, April 1978-March 1979 Element Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Cadmium Apr, Nov, Aug Jun Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Apr, Nov Mercury
, Nickel N( v Zinc No. values 6 1 0 0 in excess Note: No samples required for stations 1-10.
O Table 2-58 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, Bailly Study Area, April 1977-March 1978 Element Ash Ponds Fond B Pond C Cowles Eog Cadmium Apr Jun Aug, Nov Chromium Jun, Nov Jun Copper Iron Apr, Jun Aug, Nov Nav Apr, Jun Aug, Nov Aug, Nov Lead Aug Manganese Apr, Jun Nov Nov Mercury Nickel Zinc No. values 14 3 1 5 , in excess
, Note: No samples required for stations 1-10.
2-171 science services division
O Table 2-59 h, Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, Bailly Study Area, January 1976-March 1977 Element Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Cadmium Apr Jun Apr Aug, Nov Iron Apr, Jun Apr, Aug Jun, Aug Jun, Aug Manganese Apr, Jun Apr Aug, Nov Nov Chromium, Aug Hexavalent Chromium, Total Aug Nickel No. values in excess 14 6 2 2 Note: No samples required for stations 1-10. O Table 2-60 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards, Bailly Study Area, April 1975-March 1976 Stations
- Element 1-10 Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Mercury Mar, Jun Jun Nov May Cadmium Mar, Apr May, Aug Nov Iron Mar, May Mar, Jun May, Apr Mar, Jun Aug, Nov Jun Nov Manganese Mar, Apr Mar, Apr Apr, May Apr, May May, Jun May, Aug Nov flov Aug, Nov Nov Chromium Nov No. values in excess 18 8 7 7
*None l 9 2-172 science services division
,n Table 2-61 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards Bailly Study Area, May 1974-February 1975 Stations Element 1-10 Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Mercury May, Jun May, Jun May, Jun Jun, Feb Jul, Aug Nov, Feb Nov, Feb Nov, Feb Cadmium Oct May, Jun Aug Jul, Aug Sep, Oct Nov ,
Iron May, Jun Jul, Aug Jun, Jul Jun, Jul Jul, Oct Sep, Oct Aug, Sep Aug, Feb Feb Feb Oct, Feb Manganese May, Jun May, Jun Jun, Jul May, Jun Jul, Aug Jul, Aug Eg, Sep Jul, Aug Sep, Oct Sep, Oct Oct, Feb Sep, Oct Feb Feb Feb Chromium May, Nov Nov Nov May, Jun Jul No. values in excess 1 27 18 17 16
- O i Iron has received particular attention. Although lethal levels are estimated by Shaw and Gruskin (1967) as 100 milligrams per liter (for Daphnia magna) and the observed concentrations did not approach this level, concentrations approaching 20 milligrams per liter were observed in November 1977 in both Pond B and Cowles Bog, as well as within the ash ponds. Although ash pond water may be leaching into Pond B and carrying iron with it, the source of the iron is unclear since concentrations of iron were variable in 1979 and not always highest in the ash ponds nor consistently high in any of the natural ponds. Probable sources for the element may be airborne input from nearby steel producing facilities. Iron concentrations above the standards did not occur in 1978, but occurred in all ponds during 1979.
Because of the scattered nature of excess values, the observed high and low values may be a normal por.d cycle. The increases are possibly due to changes L/ in solubility or to additions from external sources (possibly airborne 2-173 science services division
O ( pollutants from nearby manufacturing facilities). Decreases may occur through dilution by rainfall or through uptake by the aquatic flora or sediments. 'The dramatically lower iron levels found during 1978 are not understood at this time in relation to this year or years previous to 1978. Whatever the source of excess trace elements in the ponds, the indigenous pond populations have suffered no apparent ill effects. As mentioned in other sections, productivity in the ponds is higher than in the lake, and species composition is varied. 2.6.4.4 Indicators of Industrial and Organic Contamination. As with the otter parameters studied in the Bailly Station vicinity, indicators of industrial and organic contamination are represented by several parameters: fecal and total colifons bacteria, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), cyanides, phenols, hexane-soluble materials, and methylene-blue active substance. All have limits prescribed in Indiana or U.S. EPA standards, as listed in Table 2-53. These standards will be used for comparison to all data presented. Fecal and total coliform bacteria are a measure of a system's contamination by coliform bacteria and provide an index of contamination by warm-blooded animals. The ci.iform bacteria are a group of 17 bacterial forms, only four j of which are fecal in origin. The remainder are natural soil or water organisms. Levels prescribed for Lake Michigan are 20 per 100 milliliters of fecal coliform bacteria in open water and 200 per 100 milliliters at beaches, l based on a geometric mean of five samples. No specific limits for total coliform levels are available. Considerable variability existed in fecal and total coliform levels during ! 1979. During April all settling ponds, interdunal ponds and Cowles Bog had fecal coliforms less than 1 per 100 milliliters. Highest fecal coliform counts found in Pond C during June and August, were 1925 and 1850 cells per 100 milliliters, respectively. These values do not specifically exceed allowable limits as there are none specific to these waters. The cource of the coliform bacteria is not known but is not attributed to operation of the power plant. Relatively high total coliform bacteria counts were present in 2-174 science services division
v the natural ponds and Cowles Bog during all sampling periods except April 1979. As in previous years of study, highest bacterial levels were asso-ciated with highest water temperatures in August. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) are all methods used for determination of total organic contaminants. Measuring TOC is a direct determination of contaminating pollutants in the water (APHA 1971). BOC and C0D are both " methods for measuring organic contaminants based on determinations of the equivalence of oxidizing agents which can react with oganic substances" (APHA 1971). While not direct measures of organic contamination, these methods are widely used, and a rationale for data interpretation has been developed:. Allowable limits for these three parameters have not been established. The natural ponds yielded somewhat higher BOD, TOC, and COD concentrations than did the settling ponds. Overall, BODS were generally low, with the highest value reported, 20 milligrams per liter, in Cowles Bog during June. \/ COD and TOC measurements were also highest in Cowles Bog. Cowles Bog generally behaved dif ferently from the other ponds because of dif ferences in nutrient input, productivity, and amounts of decomposable organic matter present. During 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978, the interdunal ponds (especially the Cowles Bog area) also revealed higher BOD, TOC, and C0D levels than the settling ponds. In general, these three measurements indicate that the nearshore ponds have reasonably low levels of organic loading, with the variations during the study apparently seasonally related to macrophyton growth and runoff patterns. These remaining parameters, hexane-soluble materials (oil and grease), phenols, and methylene-blue active substances (surfactants), were also analyzed as indicators of contamination. Phenols and methylene-blue active substances (MBAS) are both low-level parameters (Indiana standards are 0.001 milligram per liter for phenols). MBAS levels were above detection limit 0.02 only during August, and phenols were detected at concentrations above detectability limits in April and November 1979. These phenol concentrations a were above the ISPCB standards for Lake Michigan, however the standards do not necessarily apply to the nearshore ponds. Hexane-soluble materials (oils 2-175 science services division
O and greases) have no assigned standard in Indiana regulation SPC-4R-2. The ponds were generally low in hexane-soluble materials. The highest value (36.4 milligrams per liter) was observed at pond station 13 during April 1979. The source of the material is unknown, but levels had dropped to low levels by June and remained so during the rest of the year. 2.6.4.5 Trace Elements in Sediments. Trace elements often collect in sediments at much higher concentrations than in the water column. Much of the material becomes tied to clay-micelles, to Sphagnum in bogs, and to detritus, effectively :emoving it from the system except under specific conditions of low oxygen tension. When such conditions occur and the oxidation / reduction potential changes, iron, manganese, and silica concen-trations often rise in the interstitial waters (Sullivan 1967), and mineral recycling begins at the sediment-water interface. When lake or pond waters turn over, this hypolimnetic concentration is mixed throughout the water column, providing a basis for the primary productivity and for all levels that depend on that primary production. O During sampling year 6, sediment samples in the NIPSCo Bailly Station vicinity were collected during April, August, and November 1979 and January 1980. Samples were collected and processed according to an EPA procedure in which a weighed portion of settled, wet, dredge material was added to a fixed volume of water and shaken under controlled conditions. After shaking, the samples were settled and the supernatant decanted and analyzed. Results were expressed in milligrams of constituent per kilogram of sediment (equivalent to parts per million). Sediment elements analyzed were cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnagese, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, zinc, and total phosphorus. These elements were chosen for their importance as nutrients to the phyto-plankton and, in the case of metals like mercury, because of their potential danger in human consumption of fish. Values for all ranged from low to moderately
- high. Concentrations of many elements were at or below analytic detection limits. For example, chromium and lead were below detection limits during all months. Selenium was below 2-176 science services division
Q detectable levels at most stations during all months except August. High levels of mercury were observed during April and January, primarily in Pond B (Station 17). The source of mercury in Pond B is aot known. Cadmium was below detecticn limits in all months in the natural ponds but present in concentratioc up to 0.040 milligram per liter in the ash-settling ponds during April; cadmium levels in 1979 were very similar to 1977 and 1978 levels. Nickel was found in low concentrations, with the highest concentrations generally occurring in ash-settling ponds during April. Average concentra-tions of copper at each station revealed values above allowable maximum levels for water samples during April and November. Since these levels were observed in sediments, slightly higher levels than observed in water c;n be expected. Vanadium and manganese, both important trace elements for phytoplankton, were g(3 present during 1979. Vanadium was present during all months with unusually high levels found in Pond B (Station 17). Manganese was also present in all four months at levels up to 6.1 milligrams per kilogram (Station 17). High levels of manganese were also observed during previous years. In general, the values in the nearshore ponds are thought to be due to allochthonous airborne additions, but the high manganese levels are difficult to explain. It does not appear that wastes from the Bailly Station had any effect on manganese levels, based on the low observed levels in the ash ponds. Zinc concentrations were similar to those found in 1978. No standards for zine have been promulgated for sediment samples, but allowable water concen-trations are 5 milligrams per liter and this level was not exceeded. Phosphorus and iron are commonly reported together in sediment analyses. Phosphorus values were moderate at most stations, with a range of <0.002 to 0.943 milligram per kilogram reported; many values for total phosphorus wure below applicable standards for water. (Again, no standards for sediments have been promulgated.) Iron was found in concentrations ranging from 0.003 ((,) milligram per kilogram to 11.3 milligrams per kilogram. Iron was also found 2-177 science services division
O to be in excess in water samples from all ponds, as discussed previously, h though more frequently in the ash ponds. Airborne particulates may be the source of this material. From the composite data, it appears that from 1974 through 1979: o Cadmium, mercury, manganese, iron, and phosphorus appear tied to ash deposition or atmospheric particu-late fallout. e There is a tendency for a general decrease in most trace elements with the onset of winter. e Most trace element concentrations fluctuate errat-ically from station to station and from season to season. e Sediment selenium values probably reflect background levels and are influenced little or not at all by the existing Bailly station plant or other facilities in the area. 2.7 AQUATIC REFERENCES CITED Alley, W.P. 1964. Ecology of the burrowing tanthos amphipod Pontoporeia affinis in Lake Michigan. Spec. Rpt. No. 36. Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 131 p. American Water Works Association. 1970. Chemistry of nitrogen and phosphorus in water. J. Amer. Water. Wks. Assoc. 51:127-139. American Public Health Association. 1971. Standard methods for the examina-tion of water and wastewater, 13th Edition. APHA, AWWA, WPCF. Washington, D.C. American Public Health Association. 1975. Standard methods for the examina-tion of water and wastewater, 14th Edition. APHA, AWWA, WPCF. Washington, D.C. Arnold, D.E. 1971. Ingestion, assimilation, survival, and reproduction by Daphnia pulex fed several species of blue green algae. Limnol and Oceanogr. 16(6):906-920. Ayers, John C. and E. Seibel. 1973. Cook plant preoperational studies 1972. Benton Harbor Plant Limnological Studies, Part XIII. Special Rpt. No. 44. Creat Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Ball, I.R. 1967. The relative susceptibilities of some species of freshwater fish to poisons. I. Ammonia. Water Res. 1:767-775. 2-178 science services clivision
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U Beeton, A.M. 1970. Statement on pollution and eutrophication of the Great Lakes. Special Rpt. No. 11. Delivered to the U.S. Senate subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Committee on Public Works, May 1970. Beeton, A.M., B.G. Torke, A.S. Brooks, and J.A. Bowers. 1975. Influence of energy-related effluents on Great Lakes zooplanktot, Proc. of the 2nd conf. on the Great Lakes. Prepared by Argonne National Laboratory for the Interagency Committee on Marine Science and Engineering of the Federal Council for Sciences and Technology. p. 432-437. Borror, D.J. and D.M. DeLong. 1971. An introduction to the study of insects. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, N.Y, 319 p. Brinkhurst, R.O., A.L. Hamilton, and H.B. Herrington. 1968. Components of the bottom fauna of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. Great Lakes Inst., Univ. Toronto Publ. No. 33, 49 p. Brinkhurst, R.O. and B.G.M. Jamieson. 1971. Aquatic oligochaeta of the world. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 860 p. Brooks, John L. 1957. The systematics of North American Daphnia. Memoirs of the Connecticut Acad, of Arts & Sci.; 13. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven. Brown, E.H., Jr. 1972. Population biology of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, in Lake Michigan, 1949-70. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29:477-500. O Burks, B. 1953. The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Sury. Bull 26(1):1-216. Carlander, K.D. 1969. Handbook of freshwater fishery biology. Vol. I. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, 752 p. Comita, G.W. and G.C. Anderson. 1959. The seasonal development of a popula-tion of Diaptomus ashlandi Marsh and related phytoplankton cycles in Lake Washington. Limnol. Oceanogr. 4:37-52. Cook, G.W. and R.E. Powers. 1964. The benthic fauna of Lake Michigan as affected by the St. Joseph River. Proc. 7th Conf. Great Lakes Res., Great Lakes Res. Div. , Univ. Michigan. 68-76. Doudoroff, P. and M. Katz. 1953. Critical review of literature on the toxi-city of industrial wastes and their components to fish. II. The metals, as salts. Sewage and Ind. Wastes, 25 (7):802-839. Edmondson, W.T. 1965. Reproductive rates of planktonic rotifera as related to food and temperature in nature. Ecolo. Monogr. 35:61-111. Edmunds, G.F., S.L. Jensen, and L. Berner. 1976. The mayflies of North and Central America. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 330 p. Eggleton, F.E. 1936. The deep-water bottom fauna of Lake Michigan. Papers j q Mich. Acad. Sci., 21:599-612. !U l 2-179 science services division l
o Eggleton, F.E. 1937. Productivity of the orofundal. benthic zone in Lake Michigan. ? apers Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, 22:593-611. Eichhorn, R. 1957. Zur populationsdynamik der Calaniden Copepoden in Titisee und Feldsee. Arch. Hydrobid. Suppl. 24:186-246. Elster, J.H. 1954. Uber die populationsdynamik von Dudiaptomus gracilis Sars und Heterocope borealis Fischer in Bodensee-Obersee. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 20:546-614. Environmental Protection Agency. 1971. Water quality criteria data book. Vol. 3. Effects of chemicals on aquatic life. 526 p. Environmental Protection Agency. 1973. Biological field and laboratory methods for measuring the qualit, of surface waters and effluents. Edited by C.E. Weber. Nat. Env. Res. Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268. Evans, Marlene S. and John A. Stewart. 1977. Epibenthic and benthic micro-crustaceans (copepods, cladocerans, ostracods) from a nearshore area in southern Lake Michigan. Limnol and Oceanogr. 22(b):1059-1067. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1968. Physical and chemical quality conditions, Lake Michigan Basin - FWPCA, Great Lakes Reg. Chicago Ill. 81 p. + errata. 1972. Ef fects of eutrophication and fish predation on recent Gannon, J.E. chages in zooplankton crustacea species composition in Lake Michigan. l Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., 91(1):82-84. Gannon, J.E. 1974. The crustacean zooplankton of Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 1974:28-51. Garrels, R.M. 1965. Silica: role in buffering of natural waters. Sci. 2 Apr. 1965. p. 69. Gliwicz, Z.M. 1969. Studies on the feeding of pelagic zooplankton in lakes with varying trophy. Ekol Polska. 17A:663-708. Hemens, J. 1966. The toxicity of ammonia solutions to the mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis, Baird and Girard). J. Proc. Inst. Sewage Purif. 3:265-271. Henderson, C., Q.H. Pickering, and C.M. Tarzwell. 1960. The toxicity of organic phosphorus and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to fish. In: Biological problems in water pollution (C.M. Tarzwell, comp.), Cincinnati, Ohio. Robt. A. Taft San, Eng. Center, Tech, Rpt. W60-3:76-88. Henson, E.B. and H.B. Herrington. 1965. Sphaeriidae (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of Lake Huron and Michigan in the vicinity of the Straits of Mackinac. Proc. 8th Conf. Great Lakes Res., Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, 77-95. Hiltunen, Jarl K. 1967. Some oligochaetes from Lake Michigan. Trans. Amer. Microse. Soc. 86(4):433-454 lll 1 l l l l 2-180 science services cHvision j l l
V Howmiller, R. 1971. A comparison of the effectiveness of the Ekman and Ponar grabs. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 100:560-564. Hubbs, C.L. and K.E. Lagler. 1958. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Mich. XV + 213 p. Hudson, P. 1970. Quantitative sampling with three benthic dredges. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 99:603-607. Hutchinson, G.E. 1957. A treatise on limnology. Vol. 1. Geography, Physics and Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons Inc. N.Y. Hutchinson, G.E. 1975. A treatise on limnology. Vol. 3. Limnological Botany. John Wiley & Sons Inc. N.Y. Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board. 1972. Fegulation SPC4R, Lake Michigan and Contiguous Harbors. Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board. 1973. Regulation SPC-IR3, Water quality standards for waters of Indiana. Johannsen, O. 1934, 1935, and 1937. Aquatic Diptera. Entomol. Reprint Specialists. Los Angeles, Calif. s Johnson, M.G. and R.O. Brinkhurst. 1971. Benthic community metabolism in Bay of Quinte and Lake Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. 28:1715-1725. Jude , D.J. , F.J. Tesar, J. A. Door III, and J.T. Miller. 1975. Inshore Lake Michigan fish populations near the D.C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant, 1973. Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Mich., Spec. Rpt. No. 52:267. Kidd, Charles C. 1970. Pontoporeia affinis (Crustacea, Amphipoda) as a monitor of radionuclides released to Lake Michigan. Benton Harbor Power Plant Limnological Studies. Part IV. Spec. Rpt. No. 44. Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Koch, R.A. 1973. A creel census of the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan, 1970-72. Koch, R.A. 1975. Personal communication from Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Koch, R.A. 1975. A creel census of the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan, 1975. Tech. Rpt., Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Lagler, K.F. 1956. Freshwater fishery biology. Wm. C. Brown Co. Debuque. 421 p. Lane, Patricia A. and D.C. McNaught. 1970. A mathematical analysis of the niches of Lake Michigan zooplankton. Proc. 13th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 47-57. Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res. (M Lewis, P. 1972. Evaluation of bottom grabs for macroinvertebrates. () EPA, Qual. Contr. Newslet. 15:11. Cincinnati, Ohio. 2-181 science services division
o Liston, C.R. and P.I. Tack. 1973. A atudy of the effects of installing and operating a large pumped storage project on the shores of Lake Michigan near Ludington, Michigan. Mich. State Dept. of Fish. and Wildlife. 113 p. Mason, W., Jr. 1973. An introduction to the identification of Chironomidae larvae. Anal. Qual. Contr. Lab. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio. McKee, J.E. and H.W. Wolf. (eds.) 1963. Water quality criteria. 2nd Ed. Sacramento, Calif., State Water Quality Control Board, Resources Agency of California, Publ. No. 3-A, 548 p. McNaught, Donald C. 1966. Depth control by planktonic cladocerans in Lake Michigan. Publ. No. 15, Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. McNaught, D.C. and M. Buzzard. 1073. Changes in zooplankton populations in Lake Ontario (1939-1970). Proc. 16th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 78-86. McNaughton, S.J., T.C. Felson, T. Lee, F. Park, C. Prico, D. Roeder, J. Schmitz, and C. Stockwell, 1974. Heavy metal tolerance in Typha latifolia without the evolution of tolerant races. Ecol. 55:1163-1165. Miller, R.R. 1957. Origin and dispersal of alewife, Alose pseudoharengus, and the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, in the Creat L.kes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 86:97-111. g Miller, R.R. 1972. Threatened freshwater fishes of the United States. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 101(2):239-252. Mozley, S.C. 1975. Benthic community responses to energy-related effluents in the Great Lakes. In_: Proc. of the 2nd Fed. Conf. Great Lakes. Inter-agency Comeittee in Marine Science and Engineering of e Federal Council for Science and Technology. Argonne Natl. Lab. Mozley, S.C. and W.P. Alley. 1973. Distribution of benthic invertebrates in the south end of Lake Michigan. In: International Association Great Lakes Research, Proceedings 16th Conference, Great Lakes Research. 87-96. Mozley, S.C. and L.C. Garcia. 1972. Benthic macrofauna in the coastal zone of southeastern Lake Michigan. Proceedings 15th Conference, Great Lakes Research. 102-131. Mozley, S.C. and M.H. Winnell. 1975. Macrozoobenthic species assemblages of southeastern Lake Michigan, U.S.A. Verhandlunzen Internationale Vereini-gung fur Theoretische und Ungewandte Limnologie. 19:922-931. Nauwerck, A. 1963. Die beziehungen zwischen zooplankton und phytoplankton im See Erkn. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 17(5):1-163. Norden, C.R. 1968. Morphology and food habits of the larval alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), in Lake Michigan. Proc. lith Conf. Great Lakes Res. 1968. p. 103-110. Intl. Assoc. Great Lakes Res. 2-182 science services division
p x- O'Brien, W.J. and F. deNoyelles Jr. 1974. Relationship between nutrient concentration, phytoplankton density, and zooplankton density in nutrient-enriched experimental ponds. Hydrobiologia 44:1 105-125. Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Costany, Philadel-phia, p. 144. Palmer, M.C. 1969. A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution. J. Phycol. L:78-82. Parsons, T.R., K. Stephens, and J.D.H. Strickland. 1961. On the chemical composition of eleven species of marine phytoplankters. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 18(b):1001-1008. Patalas, K. 1972. Crustacean zooplankton and the eutrophication of St. Lawrence Great Lakes, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29:1451-1462. Patrick, R. 1971. The effects of increasing light and temperature on the structure of diatom communities. Limnol. Oceanogr. 16(2):405-421. Patrick, R., M.H. Hohn, and J.H. Wallace. 1954. A new method for determining the pattern of the diatom flora. Bull. Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci. 259:1. Pennak, R.W. 1953. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. The () Ronald Press Co., New York. Pennak, R.W. 1963. Species identification of the fresh-water cyclopoid copepoda of the Unites States. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 82(4):353-359. Pennak, R.W. 1978. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 803 p. Powers, C.F. and W.P. Alley. 1967. Some preliminary observations on the depth distribution of the macrobenthos in Lake Michigan, p. 112-125. In:J.C. Ayers and D.C. Chandler, [eds.] Studies on the environment and eutrophica-tion of Lake Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div., Spec. Rpt. No. 30, Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 415 p. Reid, G.K. 1961. Ecology of inland waters and estuaries. Reinhold Books in the Biological Sciences, N.Y. xvi + 375 p. Renwoldt, R., G. Bira, and E. Newman. 1971. Acute toxicity of copper, nickel, and zine ions to some Hudson River fish species. Env. Cont. and Tech. 6(5):445-448. Risley, C., Jr. and F.D. Fuller. 1965. Chemical characteristics of Lake Michigan Pub. No. 13. Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Ar'mr: Mich. 168-174. Rhodes, R.J., D.A. Webb, and T.S. McComish. 1974. Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res., 593-595. (~') %/ :
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O Roback, S. 1957. The immature tendipedids of the Philadelphia area. Mon. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Pa. Robertson, Andrew. 1966. 'he distribution of calnoid copepods in the Great Lakes. Publ. No. 15, dreat Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Mich., Ann Arbor, Mich. Robertson, A. cnd W.P. Alley. 1966. A comparative study of Lake Michigan macrobenthos. Limnol, and Oceanogr. 11(4):576-583. Rodhe, W., R.A. Vollenweider, and A. Nauwerck. 1958. The primary production and standing crop of zooplankton. In: Perspectives in Marine Biology (edited by A.A. Buzzati-Traverso), 299-322. Univ. Calif. Press. Ross, H. 1944. The caddis flies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull 23(1):1-236. Roth, James C. and John A. Stewart. 1973. Nearshore zooplankton of south-eastern Lake Michigan, 1972. Proc.16th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 10:132-142. Intl. Assoc. Great Lakes Res. Schelske, C.L. 1971. Nutrient inputs and their relationship to accelerated eutrophication in Lake Michigan. From: Biological effects in the hydro-biological cycle, E.J. Monke (ed.). 1971, Proc. of the 3rd Int. Symp. for Hydrolgy Professors, Purdue Univ., Dept. Agri. Eng. 59-81. Schelske, C.L. 1977. Trophic status and nutrient loading for Lake Michigan. h Michigan University, Great Lakes Research Div. EPA Publ. No. 600/3-77-086. Schelske, C.L. and E.F. Stoermer. 1972. Phosphorus, Silica and Eutrophication in Lake Michigan. Irt: G.E. Likens, Ed., Nutrients and Eutrophication. Amer. Soc. Limnol, and Oceanogr. Spec. Symposia Vol. 1. Schelske , C.L. , and J.C. Rot'i. 1973. Limnological survey of Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, and Etie. Publication No. 17. Great Lake s Re s . Div., Ann Arbor, Michigan 108 p. Scott, W.B., and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Bull. 184:966 p. Shaw, R.H.R. and B. Gruskin. 1967. The toxicity of metal ions to aquatic organisms. Arch. Biochm. Geophys. 67(2):447-452. Smith, S.H. 1968. Species succession and fishery exploitation in the Great Lakes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 25:667-693. Stimpson, K.S., J.R. Brice, M.T. Barbour, and P. Hone. 1975. Distribution and abundance of inshore oligochaetes in Lake Michigan. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 94(3):384-394. l l Stoermer, E.F., M.M. Bowman, J.C. Kingston, and A.L. Schaedel. 1974. Phyto-plankton composition and abundance in Lake Ontario during IFYGL, University of Michigan Great Lakes Research Div., University of Michigan i Publ. Spec. Rpt. S3:1-373. l l 2-184 science services division l
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o UNESCO. 1968. Monographs on oceanographic methodology 2. Zooplankton sam-pling. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris, France. Usinger, R. 1956. Aquatic insects of California. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, Calif. Verduin, J. 1977. Testimony of Jacob Verduin, Ph.D. on impact of Zion cnd Waukegan power plant operation on phytoplankton and periphyton in the Zion and Waukegan area of Lake Michigan. For Conmonwealth Edison Company, May 1977. Ward, H.B. and G.C. Whipple. 1959. Freshwater biology. 2nd Ed. W.T. Edmondson (ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Watson, N.H.F. 1974. Zooplankton of the St. Lawrence Great Lake - species compasition, distribution, and abundance. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. 31:783-794. Webb, D.A. and T.S. McComish. 1974. Food habits of adult alewives in Lake Michigan near Michigan City, Indiana, in 1971 and 1972. Proc. Indiana Acad. of Sci. 83:179-184. Wells, L. 1968. Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan. U.S. Fish Wildl. Ser. Fish. Bull. 67:1-15. Wells, L. 1970. Effects of alewife predation on zooplankton populations in Lake Michigan. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15:556-565. Wells, LaRue and Robert House. 1974. Life history of the spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) in southeastern Lake Michigan, the Kalamazoo River, and Western Lake Erie. Bur. of Sport Fisheries and Wild 1., Res. Rpt. 78. 10 p. Wiggins, G.B. 1977. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera). Unversity of Toronto Press, Toronto. 401 p. Wilson, C.B. 1932. The copepods of the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 158:1-135. Winer, B.J. 1971. Statistical principles in experimentc1 design. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 907 p. O 2-186 science services division
O O 2 APPENDIX A OCCURRENCE OF PLANT TAXA OBSERVED IN BAILLY STUDY AREA, JULY 1979 AND PREVIOUSLY O< ---- AND DENSITY, FREQUENCY, DOMINANCE, AND IMPORTANCE VALUES FOR VEGETATION, BAILLY STUDY AREA, 1974-1979 I O Science services division
o n
/, i, Table A-1 Occurrence of Plant Taxa Observed in Bailly Study Area, July 1979 and Previously Sasollag Locations
- ScientiffC Rame Corunon name i 2 3 44 48 6 6 7 8 9 10 in Acerscaes Maple family Acer ru hrym eed maple a e e e e Acer ECWetaum St1ver maple a a A12Mese Carpetweed fatfy MQI1990 verticillata Carpetweed a E hilsmaceae Water-plantain family Altsma plantago-aouatica deter plantate a e Mtarit A ceamina Arrowhead AnacerUaceae Cashew fastly cau s conslltaa Winged spec a N gebra Samotn spac N raIIIcans Poison Ivy e e 3 a e N typMaa na1ry sene N verata Poison sumac a a e W~aceH~ Costard-apple family Asfaiaa trilotta Famoa. I Spoc yaaaceae bene fan 11y apocyas cadrosas*1fo11gm tiene Apocfaue med te Dogeaae a a a a Araceos Are family Peltendre viejtaica Arrow arum 3poToce* pus rettidus 5kwa cabbage o Asclepiadaceae Milkweed family Asc'entas f acarasta Swamo milkweed Ascleptes purpuresCeas Purpleweed 3scle 4as tuberosa Butterfly-weed s a e e e Asc le WetTdTT1sta whorlod etlaseed a Ba sen naceae Taven-se-act Faelly
_fogatieas tt*1 era Jewelweed e o e a e Betulaceae 81rch faily alaus iaceaa 50ecklad alder a IEuTa 1stee Yellow Dirce e u a Csteya UhTaiaas tronwood e Serberidaceae Sarderry f astly Actea rubra Red baneberey e PMocer 11s peltaten 4ayapole a w^ Boraginaceae Forget-me-not family Lithosperaun carottaease Gmelin's puccoon a a e Lithosper=ve crecer patry puccoon a
,b Car taceae Cactus faily Opuatia compressa Petchly pear e a Capanulaceae Narebell f amily Carpaa via rotvadt'olta Marenell a a Caprifoliaceae poneysuckle fastly e Diervf11a loateere sorthern tush-haneysuctie Loaicees dio-a Cilmetag haceysuckle samucus c_aaaceasi EIcerterry a e Viburaum acer e um MaDie*1 eaved viburnum 8 E I Viburas deatate Arrowwood E Viburap Teata10 flannyberry a Caryooey n aceae Pine f astly Areaarta so. Sand wort
]Qvc ha i@ (vecing lychnis
ileae Cucubetus Bladder chamolon M aoyttiTorg Night flowering CatChfly A Ce astraceae Staff-tree faily Celastrus Bittersweet e CheveaTii ae scaadeas sossefoot fartly Cheaopodige efeide ceaseeoot faeaopodie sp. Goosefoot e LhepepodM standleyaeue e a E 3 Commelinaceae Spiderwort family tradesceatie virq+aisaa Spiderwort e e o e e Caeoositae Sunflower family e Achilles #111efolium Tarrow a Actinonerfs altemiTelia stagsten e Ambresia artemis t Sl f a CorPon regweed I Artrosia psilosta'hya Raqueed Aateaparta sp. Pussytoes E Aster deosus Bushy aster a Arteesta ceapestris Wormwood a a As ter 1 Gari t ro11us Stiff aster 3 AAer, sp. Aster e e Observed in saapitag location in 1979, s Observed in sapoting location previously.
Unmarked species are recorced from the stady area. 1
- Beachgrass 2 = Foredwae 3 = Inmature Cat Forest 4A e Cowles Bog (hooded-Ory) 48 e Cowles Sog (Wooded-wet)
$ = Cowles Bog (Opea) 6
- Naple Forest 7 e toergent Macrophyte 8 e Trans91ssten Corridor 9 = Sedge Meadow 10 = lainature Caa Forest (!nterdunal)
(g 11 Wetland 4eadow f ) T / w-A-1 science services division
O Table A-1 (Contd) Samoling Locatioes Scientific ease Canaan eame 1 2 3 84 a8 5 4 y a 9 10 11 Capoositae (conta) 8'de's casesa leggar-tickt a a a e"s 50- g Ceateu r ti dulit Enapwed riaTaures Tscee ChrysantaerGo Teuceathemum On-eye daisy a a frsium fr!**11 Canada thistle a a zm caaade >is 1.orseweed elleron sailade'pateus Common fleabane rherca rmsus Catsy floacane a
'rigeron strMosul Datsy fleabane e apatorIm perhTTats Purple boneset s a a usatoriu m pu r purea Joe-pg wed a
agirac'un taascease Orange hawkweed e e
*e'racl Ja sp. Hauhmeed a a e del taatmus divitatus Woodland sunflower a
hel i a nt *3 gigaateus fall sunflower a s
*eliantFus micrxeomalus a pelisat%us mJo111 a
*elianthus petiolaris Pratrie sunflower Lactuca cacaovests a a Uetris aspera Blastag star Dwarf gendelion a e ari1I s Diflora Krigie virgielta Dwarf dandelion Kritis so. s r u ha'a eupatoricides False boceset a 81act-eyed susan e e a e dudtecnia 3 eagwort jeaecio so. a fall goldenrod
.olidago altissi's
.cl *daqo caesia Blue-stemed goldenrod a
'.,clidago ceaadcasts Canada goldenrod : a
%arraw-leaved goldearod e e e e helica3g areciadolia a foTToaqo hispica Matry goldereed Lolifego catocasts Wng so. e e e e a a a
! oncau s oleraceus $au tMstle eramace or ficiente Candei ton e a T@on gesteasTI Goatsbeard a a Greata eissurica Drwvione's ironweed Convolvulaceae Morning-glory family Field bindweed a s Convolvutus arve* sis
- edge bindweed a e 1.aavoivulus sepium Dodder a e Cuscuta c*oaovii e Iporeea pu rpurea porntng-g1ory Coraaceae Dopcod far1Ty Coraus af teraifolia Altereste-leaved dogwood a Lornu s a-wn.a $tley dogwood a Flowering dogwood e Curaus FirI3a Coraus toloe" era ped-oster dogwood a e CrucITere}e s Mustard famtly a
Arasis l Eata Lyre-leased rockcress a a a Farbacea v31 garis hinter co ess Catile edeatula Sea rocket spring cress a a Cardamine bu bosa l s a s Draba so. kesper's estroaalis Dese's rocket a a Lepid! A spetalue PeDoergrass a Le2 d'E 'i"14*'C # 1 Wild De00ergrass Cypereceet $ edge f amily e Sulbosty is capillaeis l Lulersty115 (areu mumleabergia ' e e Grii peaamvaaica e a e a a e e e G77. sp. $ edge Feoinaris sma1141 Spike rush scirpui Tii TTur suli rusa Eleagnaceae 01 easter family Loowigia spaaerocarpa Loctestrife touisetaceae worsetatt fastly Smoots horsetail e Equisetum prale a tricaceae seat
- family 8 Arc *ostapayles uva-urst Bearberry ' 8 Gaultaeria Drgerbeas Wintergree9 8 f ebia sp. SeaWe laurel e e Lowbush bluecerry e e Qc'aium peansylva94c 8a (uhnor5IECiae
$0 urge f amily ( e e flowering spurge a Eua Mortia corollata (uDaorb's E#ist-ata Netry s0readiag sDe ge Fagaceae Beech family e Ouercus alba umte oak
%eecus rubra Red oak *
- e
*1act osa e e e quercus TeTutica GerenTaceae Geran ;# f amily
- Geraase peculate mild geranium a r,ergnip FebeRia%;n were cerante a
ferrW so. Geranium Grass family Graminese a7ecove en trac *ycaulum $1eaoer uneatgrass e Agrostis alba eed too ArepHlaTrivilitulata Arwrican beacngress e e Big einestem
- 5 e Kade ;egoa gerardi e e e sadrooms scJa,Tus Little blueste* 8 8 "
GTaraicostis caaa1 easts Stue-jefat reedgrass need grass
- GTa-ayyti ss a e e GTaso,iTTa locate s11a Sand reedgrass O
A-2 science services division
o
/^\,
U Table A-1 (Contd) Sona, t-at,ons Scientif te name Commen name 1 3 3 aA 44 5 4 y a e to 11 Graminose (conte) N,,,t . c "Nerns Puro e
- .re,ce scue cutyens e . e o v ut os c C, air..s w , ass e -
e c1 a Dt , tas Care grass a e 8 Paalcumn d,icotamum u P, ante grass e e -
,a. ,u ,hv i,aat m, ,an,i,c an yess yass e
,a m s.. ,ani a .
r_. .,,u amu, n ,s Co on c ,rm reed a a a Poe protons a sentucky bluegrass s
. . . . . . e
.iaPo,ag,ac. e. .a ter-mu ,s.iuevas o ,amo, PeoserD98 Mermald-use
-n .aca Dalustris . ten-,,m,,m.d i o, . . a e namam t te. i .
nen,,. ir
.,,ecior we ens ,e,retn.eaes ,,i s,4 sf.any a e a
Tsyrinchium so. Blue-eyed grass Jugin adaceae lutternut family Jug?aas cineeet Sutternut 3 Juncaceae Ruse fanHy a hacus effusu9 eusn hacus militects sayonet rush Labiataa mint family C0111esente canadeasts Horse-balm Gill-ovee-the-ground e
'D ec%mlaerac ea
.ycopus americanus Segle need
, ou vironicas lugle weed Wtle sint a t*e arveasls a meatha so. Nint u s a Monaria fistviese Wild bergamot a a a a IEaM punctatt Horse mint Cat nie a a he t catarla a cuae la vdu1 a_rti self. heal Pycaeathemum Treatanus Mountain pint e D 5 cute 1Teria salericulate Casion sku11cas a tac hys astia2e Hedge. nettle 1
{g y) TIacays hyssopifolta
'.tachys palustris Hedge-nettle Medge-nettle s a
';tachys teavi'oita smooth hedge-aettle a
i "euc r ium canecease Germander La'eraceae Laurel fantly
$ptce busn o e e (Na bearotn e a e e e e l'ssaTr'as a albidum Sassafras LeWaesese Legee feat 1y Ground nut a tos tubecess Eirvs palustris vetenling a e a uprus oe-eaats Luotee Me3dpo_ ingis Black medic llack locust e 8hla neudoacacia Goat's rue e o e ranna e viroataae Tvq01Tb 0 debif Tr4 Fol 6# bybridum Alsike clever s a Veten e victa so.
Laariaceae Ductueed fastly a a son siaor Duckweed Lent ariaceae Bladderwort famOy Utricularia purpurea Pur91e bladderwort Lill-eee LlIf f astly A11tum canadense Wtid garlic a Convalleria majalit Lily-of-the-valley Turk's cap fily a Lilium }u >eettum a utaatheswa ceasdease utid illy-of-the-valley a e a E Polygonatum biflor um Solomon's Sea 1 1milacina recamesa False solomon's seal e e e a a Starry false Solomon's seal a e e o TeTTali e e a 7as bemilatiaadecea Catbrier e a l Round-leaf catbrier
'FE'rTUum rotundifolia recurvatum Pratrie teditum a Uve' aria cread t flora Large-flowered bellwort Lobel teceae Lonelta family e
Loeelta sipaditica Blue labelle Lycopodiaceae Ground 0ine fastly Groundgies a Lycepodf an obscurum Loosestrife family Lythraceae
%r ea . .reietitatas 5. ape loosestrife a taisoecese Pondweed fastly 4aias so. 4a t ed a
We amoe,eton guichee Pondweed e Fitaar>;etoa M
~
Pondweed 80tapeceton so. Pondweed 4ymonaceae Water Illy family e Sensed schrebert water shield lieT~u%o lutea Amer 1Can 10tus e Eupber vartecatum Bullhead illy Fy=6es odorata Fragrant water 111y Myssaces e Gum fastly since se
- anu srivat'ce
\
f v) s A-3 science services division
O Table A-1 (Contd) sa. iia, tutt cos
$cteattf tc same Carron nam 1 2 3 4A 48 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 eaa, rune 6v in, ,,i. rue . a, Ci re a* eintae f achantee's nightshade e
; ce p se. Fire ed a ubi 9a 9 ipme**ocacy False N.sestrife Beactvre murITeta Morthern evening primrose a femoths so. Primrose e Osmuedeceae Royal fern fastly Osmu nda Cinaamones Cinnamon fern e a
[i,iddi regelis Royal fern Os a R3a2eae wood-sorrel family Oma11 stricta Wood sorrel Phyto aCeaCeae Pokeweed f amily Pan telecca americaat Poseweed e Pinace6e Pine fastly tarts leriC ae t ANr1Can IarCM FTa~ t>ana s i aas Jaca sine o e e FTn]us stems matte etae Pofsiionsecue Phlos family Phlos bif'da Phias divaricata llee Pntos FAT 67 so. Palos a Polygalaceae milkwort fe=11y Poly 1 ele saaguines Purple stikwort Pol y90exeae Buckeneet femity Pelf 90ap efepnibf p bater Smartweed Fol one eHfelip Tear-tnure e go7a c oc c i aeus 5. amp smartueed ygoas saiTliii-p Arrow leaved tear.thure a a e o Pol yg 53. $martweed I Ten aceteselle Sheeo secret a e B~pii crispus Curly dock a GT werticilla?Js e poi 7poliaceae Polypody family Crstopter9s freja11s Bladser fern a s ieanstieMa p%cti obule Hay = scented feen I feocles seaste$ Seesitive fern e a vunoi cTr~emomes- Ctenemon fern a NrTdTe aqui 6 tap Bractee fere e e e
'iwiroteris cebstits asess fern a a a Poetodert eceae P(cherel. weed feAlly Poetederie cordata pickerel-meed Primulaceae Prferose fastly Lysimachia g.111ay Fetaged loosestrife lysleac*ia terrestets Loosestrife Trtertalis t+ reel f s Starflamer Ranu nculaceae Crowfoot fastly Ace =one caaseease Canada anemone o LeGe reparia Thiseleweed K5]Tiite canadeen Columetne a Caltha palustris warsn maricolds Beauncubs aoorti<us tidney feaf buttercup a Raauxubs FTateilarts 'ellow mater buttercup Eaav aculus peanseheaicus Buttercao liilacvTus sce eratus Cursed buttercuo a Malic trs= coTy1on# eeu e Rosaceae Rose fastly Agetmeate grypesepala Agrimony AmelancMer cradcasis Servicenerry K=elancMer Taevis Se*viceberry a a Arcais arbutITUTII Red ChoDeterry Lretacqus crus-ge111 4ewastle thorneople a e a Ifiiaria virg'aisas W111 strawberry a a e 6ee ca*acerie dhite avons a e We v irg*Meava Avens a a PW 1T'a canaderse Smarf cicouefoil Fote .TTTi rec ta Cinouefo$1 foiea T Couron cinquefoil 8t eAqGIT u a^ so.
siemies Prvaus serottaa Black cherry e e e a a e e Prunus Erg d ai aan Choke cherry e e FTua2 so. Cherry e e Dosa tiaada slid rose o e o e o e o Idii so. ecse a a a G5 elleihanisasis 81achtvery a a e R& FTag 11 er 4 s Dewb e a as so. era erry i , o wrea aiu udo.e .S .te . . Grea tai tese steenie o . ea xne nedstra. f ush ti, Ceanstaathus occideatalis But ton str, a er,*e sedst,busn
- a. s . e e nu, i'rTi eTTe reagreet bedstr.. .
e;rra ... sedi e e nuixeae av e f, era, oy etein tr+fo14ees a o .ey tr sa o c xue wmo f ee ny Co t t ae.ood . equius deieeides irm i oides %attag asDe4 bpu .din san. six .m o. . e e san. so. . . saaisrune seeni. cod f,4i, Comaadra J%eHeta Bastard-toadfles a a a e O A-4 science services division
C O Table A-1 (Contd) 5,,i la, w s e . ,a, se,e.t ,ic .ame ca . i : a as i e r s e io is Pf tchee plant family sacrece.ntec,eae s.re eitca soif,.c.ea e nenre,
.co.e suif .er .e cf at iiy s lack sit im.;re scr,y ameetcm.e a e,ier . ne
. c i.ria sea.ite.b,on er ru,ie.e f.cu,rrent iy a,ee,ari.
r;; car 4Y, e ere.r,r,rc . e.,,ie .,eciar,iaw,ie,e fsis. f i oe L,aaeceas.rera.
. l c.
B.lue .t.e.d.flas s _s_to1 sn r....t ee, fio.er Peastemon hirsetWS Seerttongue 8 Pgattenen sp. Seardtongue Scr 1 erie teaccolata Figuort e cute erTo giTF4culate 5kull can vertesce ta*2lys Mu111ea e 7ecoa4ca enee' cane Pennyroyal a varonica scutellate marse seeeomell e Selenaceae fomete fastly Morse nettle a a a Soleaum cere11ae*3 ao eaus 61canere 41gntshade e e seergeaisce.e ser-reee fastly 5Jaretse o sp. Sve-eeed flitaceiI Ltaden fastly filie americaas Basswood e a fysEse Cattatt family f,gaa f at9fc14e Cattall e a e Ulmaceae Ulmus eyv $1topery la e e u.6;Tmer parce, f.ei, Ciceta be1B+'ere Wateraemlock F*inea'es bwibes, hartinger of spring e OmrhTie genj $=eet cicely a a a Wile persato a a m em Urticaeae aoi .ie.a ee 4ettle fantly Boeweis evitadrity False nettle a
'Iles ee a Clearweed e e a et ce ha $ttaging nettle e 1 et ca um Snail stingtag eettle e a e e Urtice se. 4ettie e e Verbenaceae vervate fantly verteae mastata Blue vervatn a Vtelaceae Violet fastly f fe!t Ledsta 8ted'l foot stelet u e a M PvMe*1 Douny yellow violet W sp. a a s a a vereese Vi olet.,
sr.oe r sy e Virgiei r e e e e . . e e.rea ace,.4siv.i vitis r* r4 %iaoue.c e. ni.e, e.a ncre,e,e
- r. e e UEI se. sr po . e , e, i
/ i ' \v/
1 l I A-5 science services division (.
o Table A-2 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Beachgrass Comunity Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Densityl Density Frequency l Frequency Dominance 1 Dominance Value HerbaCGous brmphiIta brevitiga:ata 235,627.53 100.00 1.00 100.00 8,934.51 100.C0 300.00 No shrubs or trees recorded. 1 Density is expressed as the number of individuals per acre; frequency as the fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and dominance as the areal coverage (herbaceous and shrubs) or basal area (trees) in square feet per acre. Table A-3 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Foredune Comunity Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 Relative R6lative Relative Importance Species Densityl censity Frequencyl Frequency Dominancel Dominance Value Herbaceous Amerhilia breuiligaI2ca 21,052.63 13.00 .50 10.87 2.179.15 17.48 41.35 Androrogon ax;2rias 20.647.77 12.75 .60 13.04 3.225.14 25.87 51.66 Aster sp. 1,619.43 1.00 .10 2.17 174.33 1.40 4.57 Cruciferae 37,651.82 23.25 .50 10.87 392.24 3.15 37.27 Cerani:rr sp. 404.86 .25 .10 2.17 43.58 .35 2.77 Salianthus sp. 809.72 .50 .10 2.17 87.17 .70 3.37 Iithcapermer carcZine ms 8,097.17 5.00 .20 4.34 305.08 2.45 11.79 Panie:r: sp. 2.429.15 1.50 .10 2.17 43.58 .35 4.32 Parthenosisa:.s quinquef:Ifa 404.86 .25 .10 2.17 trace .00 2.42
;aereas ve:atina 404.86 .25 .10 2.17 1,525.40 12.24 14.66 Phus r2discns 3,238.87 2.00 .20 4.34 217.92 1.75 8.09 Res: sp. 1,619.43 1.00 .10 2.17 435.83 3.49 6.66 Smi:acina ste!!ata 7.287.45 4.50 .20 4.34 348.66 2.80 11.64 SoZ2:rr Morarc 7,692.31 4.75 .40 8.70 1,481.82 11.89 25.34 So:idag: so. 27.125.51 16.75 .70 15.22 1,089.57 8.74 40.71 ritis sp. 404.86 .25 .10 2.17 130.75 1.05 3.47 Unidentified - 2 species 21.052.63 13.00 - - 784.44 6.29 -
Total 161.943.34 12.464.71 Shrubs c.erzas ve:otina 40.49 25.00 .10 50.00 1,961.23 52.94 127.94 Ti ia erinna 121.45 75.00 .10 50.00 1,743.32 47.06 172.06 Total 161.94 3,704.55 Trees Pinus banksiana 8.10 20.00 .20 33.33 1.05 18.81 72.14 Pcralas Je*tcidea 4.05 10.00 .10 16.67 1.26 22.58 49.25
;aereas ve:atic 4.05 10.00 .10 16.67 40 7.17 33.84
;*Zia a ericana 24.29 60.00 .20 33.33 2.87 51.44 144.77 Total 40.49 5.58 A
Density is expressed as the number of individuals per acre; frequency as the fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and dominance as the area coverage (herbaceous and shrubs) or basal area (trees) in square feet per acre. A-6 science services division u
(. LJ Table A-4 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Imature Oak Forest Comunity Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974
. Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Densityl Density Frequency 1 rrequency Dominance 1 Dominance value Herbaceous AsclePi as sp. 5.263.16 2.74 .30 5.26 87.17 .60 8.60 cares sp. 103.643.72 53.89 .80 14.04 3.835.30 26.43 94.36 Banasselis virginiana 2.024.29 1.05 .20 3.51 435.83 3.00 7.56
#ianaaim sp. 404.86 .21 .10 1.75 43.58 .30 2.26 Libiatae 7.287.45 3.79 .10 1.75 348.66 2.40 7.94 Poa sp. 8.502.02 4.42 .20 3.51 87.17 .60 8.53 404.86 .10 1.75 174.33 1.20 3.16 PodophyIIws peltate .21 3.90 12.95 Polygonattes bif ortes 7.287.45 3.79 .30 5.26 566.58 5.05 .20 3.51 3.399.47 23.42 31.98 PolypcGiaceae 9.716.60 2.68 Prunus sp. 1.214.57 .63 .10 1.75 43.58 .30 cuareus sp. 404.86 .21 .10 1.75 43.58 .30 2.26 6.32 40 7.02 2.048.40 14.11 27.45 Rhus mdicans 12.145.70 12.65 7.287.45 3.79 .30 5.26 523.00 3.60 Rosa 50 4.96 404.86 .21 .10 1.75 435.83 3.00 Sassafras albid:et 8.77 435.83 3.00 13.45 s'riZaeina steI:ata 3.238.87 1.68 .50
.84 40 7.02 43.58 .30 8.16 Smilar sp. 1.619.43 10.72 Solidago so. 8.097.17 4.21 .20 3.51 435.83 3.00 Tm deseancia sp. 3.238.87 1.68 .20 3.51 305.08 2.10 7.29 vaccinius sp. 2.429.15 1.26 .20 3.51 217.92 1.50 6.27 3.643.72 1.89 .40 7.02 784.49 5.41 14.32 vibur.us dancatwr .30 2.47 viola sp. 809.72 42 .10 1.75 43.58 Unidentified - 3 species 3.238.87 1.68 - - 174.33 1.20 -
Total 192.307.65 Shrubs Famametis virginiana 1.133.60 51.85 .50 31.25 6.319.53 54.10 137.20 404.86 18.52 .50 31.25 2.614.98 22.39 72.16 Quercus velutina 23.51 90.64 Sassafras albid:en 647.77 29.63 .60 37.50 2.745.73 Total 2.186.23 Trees 4.05 3.23 .10 10.00 .32 .96 14.19 cuareas alba 99.04 285.81 quereus valucina 121.46 96.77 .90 90.00 32.87 Total 125.51
- Density is expressed as the number of individuals per acre; frequency as the fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and dominance at the areal coverage (herbaceous and shrubs) or basal area (trees) in
$4uare feet per acre.
l b v A-7 science services division l l
o O Table A-5 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Densityl Density Frequency 1 Frequency Dominance 1 Dominance Value Herbaceous her ratre 578.37 .19 .14 2.59 186.78 1.33 4.11 A-etanchier arborea 1,156.74 .39 .14 2.59 trace .00 2.98 An.fr2;ogon sp. 1,156.74 .39 .14 2.59 249.05 1.77 4.75 carer sp. 167,727.01 56.04 .43 7.95 3,050.81 21.68 85.72 con 2 :sdeI!ata 578.37 .19 .14 2.59 62.26 44 3.22
;indera beu sin 578.37 .19 .14 2.59 trace .00 2.78 n2 tan:hcr.n wadense 578.37 .19 .14 2.59 trace .00 2.78 Poa sp. 8,097.17 2.71 .57 10.54 62.26 44 13.69 Pohnnar:n biflorw.r 11.567.38 3.87 .29 5.36 622.61 4.42 13.65 Polypodiaceae 578.37 .19 .14 2.59 trace .00 2.78 Franas sero:iu 2,313.48 .77 .14 2.59 311.3! 2.21 5.57 42erms sp. 578.37 .19 .14 2.59 62.26 .44 3.22 ;aereas ve!atiu 1,156.74 .39 .29 5.36 124.52 .88 6.63 F s2 sp. 5,205.32 1,74 .57 10.54 498.09 3.54 15.82 M as sp. 1,156.74 .39 .14 2.59 186.78 1.33 4 . 31 .?24s2fras aIbiin 1.156.74 .39 .29 5.36 186.78 1.33 7.08 S*i:aci u stellata 13,880.86 4.64 43 7.95 560.35 3.98 16.57 racci'fa7 sp. 74.609.60 24.95 .71 13.12 7.595.89 53.98 92.05 vibarnw- Zentago 578.37 .19 .14 2.59 124.52 .88 3.66 Unidentified - 2 species 5.783.69 1.93 -- -- 186.78 1.33 --
Total 299,016.80 Der rafrw: 57.84 11.11 .14 13.86 249.05 6.25 31.22 Iranas seretir:a 173.51 33.33 .29 28.71 1,182.97 29.69 91.73 a sreas 2:52 115.67 22.22 .29 28.71 498.09 12.50 63.43 Jaereas ve:attu 173.51 33.33 .29 28.71 2,054.63 51.56 113.60 Total 520.53 Trees Franas ser;eiu 11.57 6.90 .14 10.85 1.44 1.76 19.31
; a r s alla 11.57 6.90 .29 22.48 1.97 2.40 31.78 Jareas veluctu 144.59 86.20 .86 66.67 78.54 95.84 248.71 Total 167.73 3 Density is expressed as the number of individuals per acre; frequency as the fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and dominance as the areal coversge (herbaceous and shrubs) or basal area (trees) in square feet per acre.
O A-8 science services division
Table A-6 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 aelative Relative Relative Importance Species Censitv1 Density Frequency 1 Frequency Dominancel Dominance value Herbaceous Aase rutrwe 1.156.74 .09 .29 3.76 124.52 43 4.28 Cate4 patussris 578.37 .05 .14 1.82 435.83 1.53 3,40 cardeine bubosa 2.891.84 .24 .14 1.82 trace .00 2.06 cars: sp. 5.205.32 43 .57 7.39 498.09 1.75 9.57 cor-u.s come 2.735.11 .14 .14 1.82 176.78 .66 2.62 corm.s staffer 2 5.205.32 43 43 5.58 871.66 3.06 9.07 3alfwm sp. 578.37 .05 .14 1.82 trace .00 1.87 Gvun sp. 2.313.48 .19 .14 1,82 186.78 .66 2.67 Graminese 30.075.19 2.46 43 5.58 622.61 2.19 10.23 Ivarians o2pensis 27.761.71 2.27 .86 11.15 1.494.27 5.25 18.67 Lama sp. 983.227.30 80.34 .14 1.82 4.358.30 15.32 9?.48 Iinder2 benzoin 1.735.11 .14 .29 3.76 124.52 43 4.33 x2&anche se anzianas 91.382.30 7.47 43 5.58 2.864.03 10.07 23.12 cam.nda ainnanomsa 8.097.17 .66 43 5.58 3.237.59 11.38 17.62 P2rthenoaissus quinquefotia 4.048.58 .33 .57 7.39 249.05 .88 8.60 Polypodiaceae 2.313.40 .19 .29 3.76 560.35 1.97 5.92 Poca rgaten sp. 1.156.74 .09 .14 1,82 62.26 .22 2.13 S e b+ r a sp. 1.156.74 .09 .29 3.76 249.05 .88 4.73 solan:e datomurs $78.37 .05 .14 1.82 62.26 .22 2.09 sotilago sp. 6.940.43 .57 .14 1.82 249.05 .88 3.27 Snlcocrpus fostfla 15.037.59 1.23 .86 11.15 11.082.53 38.95 51.33 Fibkrma lentago 1.735.11 .14 .14 1.82 622.61 2.19 4.15 Fiola sp. 1.735.11 .14 14 1.82 124.52 .43 2.39 Ficia sp. 578.37 .05 .14 1.82 trace .00 1.87 Unidentified - 2 species 26.604.97 2.17 -- -- 186.78 .66 -- V Total 1.223.830.92 Shrubs Acer ruirw- 347.02 40.00 .43 43.00 809.40 27.66 110.66 corn:.s e n 115.67 13.33 .29 29.00 622.61 21.28 63.61 Cornus statenifer2 231.35 26.67 .14 14.00 747.14 25.53 66.20
;inder2 tenacin 173.51 20.00 .14 14.00 747.14 25.53 59.53 Total 867.55 7rees Aase rubrwm 92.54 48.49 .86 46.49 24.41 50.30 145.28 Escuta :enta 34.70 18.18 43 23.24 3.88 8.00 49.42 Prunus sp. 5.78 3.03 .14 7.57 .92 1.90 12.50 SaIf nisc2 5.78 3.03 .14 7.57 4.86 10.01 20.61 Salfe sp. 23.13 12.12 .14 7.57 11.45 23.59 43.28 Sassafess albfi c 28.92 15.15 .14 7.57 3.01 6.20 28.92 Total 190.8b l10en?.ity is expressed as the number of individuals per acre; frequency as the fraction of sarpilng plots in whict, a t sper.ies occurred, and dominance as the areal coverage (herbaceous and shrubs) or basal area (trees) in square feet per scre.
V A-9 solence services division
O O Table A-7 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (0 pen) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Density 1 Density Frequency 1 Fret;uency Dominance 1 Dominance Value Hertaceous cabine hIbosa 1.619.43 .18 .10 1.41 87.17 .38 1.97 ca b ine sp. 4.453.44 .49 40 5.63 43. 58 .19 6.31 ru er sp. 24.696.36 2.71 .10 1.41 828.08 3.58 7.70 ctraf e sp. 7.287.45 .80 .20 2.82 566.58 2.45 6.07 a.patcri:e parfoliat:e 3.238.87 .36 .10 1.41 130.75 .57 2.34 Jalliwi sp. 2,024.29 .22 .20 2.82 43.58 .19 3.23 Gramineae 72.094.78 7.92 .70 9.86 5,142.79 22.26 40.04 I raciens xper. sis 44,939.27 4.94 .60 8.45 2,004.82 8.68 22.07 Irc=ce2 sp. 1,619.43 .18 .10 1.41 87.17 .38 1.97 La thpa.4 sp. 404.86 .04 .10 1.41 43.58 .19 1.64 Nantb so. 20,242.91 2.22 .50 7.04 566.58 2.45 11.71 crtiss Jicica 3,643.72 40 .10 1.41 392.25 1.70 3.51 Thrag-(tas xm.nis 13,765.18 1.51 40 5.63 915.24 3.96 11.'O Foa sp. 229.554.66 25.22 .40 5.63 3.399.47 14.72 45.57 Polyvnwa so. 13.360.32 1.47 .10 1.41 784.49 3.40 6.28 Polycodiaceae 5.263.15 .58 .20 2.82 174.33 .75 4.15
.e:rer sp. 1.214.57 .13 .20 2.82 87.17 .38 3.33 Sc!:ous sp. 809.72 .09 .20 2.82 217.91 .94 3.85 SoIanw 1. Zen 2r2 3.238.87 .36 .20 2.82 435.83 1.89 5.07 SO:(&go sp. 91,781.72 8.98 .30 11.28 2.876.28 12.45 32.71 Tb liotrwa sp. 37,246.96 4.09 .50 7.04 2.527.81 10.94 22.07 T376 !atifolia 10,931.17 1.20 .60 8.45 1,176.74 5.09 14.74 Unidentified - 2 species 326,720.65 35.90 - - 566.58 2.46 -
Total 910.121.45 Shrubs carb:cntir s midenta:in 121.45 100.00 .10 100.00 261.50 100.00 300.00 No trees recorded.
*Dersity is expressed as the number of individuals per acret frecuency as the fraction of sanele plots in which a species occurred, and dominance as the areal coverace (berbaceous and shruts) or tasal area (trees) in square feet per acre.
O A-10 science services division u
O p., L/ Table A-8 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Maple Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 Relative Relative Pelative Importance Species Censityl Density Frequencyl Frequency Dominancel Dominance Value Herbaceous Aaer sp. 1.214.57 1.12 .10 2.38 43.58 .61 4.11 A a ilapiJ Oam densis 404.86 .37 .10 2.38 43.58 .61 3.36 ci m sa so. 53.441.30 49.25 .50 11.90 1.045.99 14.72 75.87 caZIinsonia oanadensis 809.72 .75 .10 2.38 174.33 2.45 5.58 Compositae 404.86 .37 .10 2.38 trace .00 2.75 cornus sp. 2.024.29 1.87 .30 7.14 174.33 2.45 11.46 Jaraniwe sp. 4.048.58 3.73 .10 2.38 871.66 12.27 18.38
>;uttens oapensis 15.789.47 14.55 .20 4.76 1.481.82 20.86 40.17
.Nrthenooissus Mnouafolia 4.858.30 4.48 40 9.52 261.50 3.68 17.68 A'!ygonatum bifIcnov 404.86 .37 .10 2.38 trace .00 2.75 Prunus serofina 6.862.59 6.34 .50 11.90 1.133.16 15.95 34.19 Prunus 50. 4.453.44 4.10 .20 4.76 1.002.43 14.11 22.97 Rananeutus abcretous 404.86 .37 .10 2.38 trace .00 2.75
#cea sp. 1.214.57 1.12 .30 7.14 435.83 6.13 14.39 Sanbuous sp. 2.429.15 2.24 .20 4.76 174.33 2.45 9.45 Sassonas albid:s9 1.214.57 1.12 .10 2.38 87.17 1.23 4.73
.'hitam rotundif Ita 404.86 .37 .10 2.38 43.58 .61 3.36 n fentalis boreatts 3.643.72 3.36 .20 4.76 130.75 1.84 9.96 UnidentifieJ - 3 species 4.453.44 4.10 - - trace .00 -
Total 108.502.01 Shrubs A>er n.brice 383.40 35.00 40 36.36 6.755.36 66.52 137.88 cernas stolonifam 161.94 20.00 .10 9.09 653.74 6.44 35.53 Prunus serotina 202.43 25.00 .30 27.27 1.917.65 18.88 71.15 Prums sp. 40.49 5.00 .10 9.09 392.25 2.58 16.67
/c}
V Sassafh:s 21bif.es Total 121.46 909.72 15.00 .20 18.18 435.83 4.29 37.47 Trees A3er rubrwn 202.43 70.42 .60 37.50 51.38 65.94 173.86 cracaegus sp. 8.08 2.82 .10 6.25 .64 .82 9.89 Pn nus serocina 28.34 9.86 .20 12.50 13.44 17.25 39.61
? arcus alba G.CS 2.82 .10 6.25 1.42 1.82 10.89 Fobinia pseudoaoaafa 24.69 11.27 .50 31.25 9.66 12.38 54.90 32ssafh2s aZbid:se 8.08 2.82 .10 6.25 1.38 1,77 10.84 Total 279.70
" Density is expressed as the number of individuals per acre; frequency as the fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and dominance as the areal coverage (berbaceous and shrubs) or basal area (trees) in square feet per acre.
Table A-9 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Densityl Density Frequencyl Frequency Dominancel Dominance Value Herbaceous Petamgecon sp. 485.83 100.00 .04 100.00 69.73 100.00 300.00 2 Density is expressed as the number of individuals per acre; frequency as the fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and dominance as the areal coverage (herbacecas and shrubs) or basa? area (trees) in square feet per acre. A & I-g A-ll science services division
Table A-30 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Valt..ss for Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Densityl Density Frequency l Frequency Dominancel Dominance Value Herbaceous Ambrosia artuisiifolia 2.429.15 .33 .10 1.61 43.58 .31 2.25 Asclepias sp. 2,024.29 .29 .10 1.61 43.58 .31 2.21 Aster sp. 20,647.77 2.84 .20 3.23 130.75 .94 7.01 Carex sp. 304.858.30 41.97 1.00 16.13 5,099.21 36.79 94.89 Convolvulaceae 10,931.17 1.51 .50 8.06 261.50 1.89 11.46 Augaria virginiana 2,834.01 .39 .20 3.23 217.91 1.57 5.19 Gramineae 194,331.98 26.76 1.00 16.13 2,440.65 17.61 60.50 niemainm sp. 404.86 .06 .10 1.61 trace .00 1.67 Irio sp. 26,315,79 3.62 .10 1.61 1,612.57 11.64 16.87 Juneus sp. 14,574.90 2.01 .10 1.61 130.75 .94 4.56 p Labiatae 1,619.43 .22 10 1.61 87.17 .63 2.40 1,214.57 .17 .20 3.23 trace .00 3.40 4 w 0xalis sp. Panicum sp. 1,214.57 .17 .20 3.23 87.17 .63 4.03 Pastinaea sativa 2,024.29 .29 .10 1.61 87.17 .63 2.53 Penstemon sp. 3,238.87 .45 .20 3.23 130.75 .94 4.G2 Poa sp. 45,748.99 6.30 .60 9.68 435.83 3.14 19.12 Polggo nan sagittatwr 3,238.87 .45 .10 1.61 130.75 .94 3.00 Polygonum sp. 51,417.00 7.08 .10 1.61 261.50 1.89 10.58 Potentilla canadensis 4,858.30 .67 .10 1.61 261.50 1.89 4.17 Rubus flagellaris 6,477.73 .89 .10 1.61 305.08 2.20 4.70 Rubus sp. 10,121.46 1.39 .50 8.06 1,045.99 7.55 17.00 Solidago sp. 3.643.72 .50 .20 3.23 217.92 1.57 5.30 Zi::ia aurea 11,740.89 1.62 .20 3.23 784.49 5.66 10.51
.06 1. .il 43.58 1.98
} Unidentifled - 1 species 404.86 10 . 's )
- h. Total 726,315.77 U
N No shrubs or trees recorded. M ' I i Density is expressed as the number of individuals per acre; frequency as the fraction of sample plots in which a p species occurred, and dominance as the areal coverage (herbaceous and shrubs) or basal area (trees) in square d feet per acre. 9. 1 k 3 O O O
O / l V Table A-ll Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Beachgrass Community Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 j Relative j Relative j Relative Importagce' Species Density Density Frecuency Frequency Dominance Dominance Value Annophilia breviliculata 186,235 100.0 1.0 100.0 12,421 'J0.0 300.0 I Censity is expressed as number of individuals per acre, frequency as a fraction of sa 'e plots in which a species occurred, and dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre. 2!mportance value is the sum of relative density, relative frequency, and relative dominc ce values. Table A-12 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for p Foredune Community Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 j Relative j Relative Relative importa ce Species Density Density Frequency Frequency Dominance) Dominance Value Ammophilia breviliculata 19,838 16.0 0.6 12.8 1,438 11.6 40.4 Andropogon scooarius 41,700 33.5 0.9 19.1 5,143 41.5 94.1 Celastrus scandens 8,097 6.5 0.4 8.5 1,743 14.1 29.1 Centaurea dubia 4,858 3.9 0.4 8.5 218 1.8 14.2 Comandra umbellita 2,024 1.6 0.2 4.3 131 1.1 7.0 Lithospermum caroliniense 3,239 2.6 0.2 4.3 349 2.8 9.7 Panicum dicotomum 3.239 2.6 0.1 2.1 131 1.1 5.8 Panicum virgatum 16,599 13.4 0.6 12.8 1,482 12.0 38.2 Rhus radicans 1,619 1.3 0.2 4.3 131 1.1 6.7 Rosa so. 1 ,21 5 1.0 0.1 2.1 44 0.3 3.4 EiiiTTacina stellata 3,644 2.9 0.1 2.1 305 2.5 7.5 Solidaco caesia 1,619 1.3 0.1 2.1 174 1.4 4.8 Solidaco sp. 16,194 13.0 0.7 14.9 1,002 8.1 36.0 Vitis sp. 405 0.3 0.1 2.1 87 0.7 3.1 Total 124,290 10ensity is expressed as number of individuals per acre, frequency as a fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre. 2! rportance val;e is the sum of relative density, relative frequency, and relative dominance values. O V A-13 science services division
o Table A-13 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Immature Oak Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 Relative Relative I Relative Importa ce Species Density I Censity Frequency 1 Frequenc y Dominance Dominance Value Aster sp. 1,215 0.8 0.2 3.9 0 0 4.7 Carex sp. 112,146 'I.6 0.8 15.7 2,876 46.8 134.1 Comandra umbellata 4,453 2.8 0.3 5.9 218 3.5 12.2 Hamamelis virginiana 810 0.5 0.1 2.0 131 2.1 4.6 Helianthus sD. 1,215 0.8 0.2 3.9 87 1.4 6.1 Hieracium sp. 405 0.3 0.1 2.0 44 0.7 3.0 Monarda fistulosa 2,429 1.5 0.1 2.0 174 2.8 6.3 Poa sp. 4,049 2.6 0.3 5.9- 44 0.7 92 E nus sp. 405 3? 0.1 2.0 44 0.7 3.0 Dteridum aquilinum 4,049 2.- 0.4 7.8 784 12.8 23.2 Quercus velutina 1,215 0.8 0.2 3.9 87 1.4 6.1 Rhus radicans 4,858 3.1 0.2 3.9 305 5.0 12.0 ifosa sp. 4,453 2.8 0.2 3.9 131 2.1 8.8 Tassafras albidum 2,024 1.3 0.3 5.9 523 8.5 15.7 Smilax sp. 1,619 1.0 0.4 7. 8 87 1.4 10.2 Solidaco caesia 5,668 3.6 0.2 3.9 349 5.7 13.2 Solidago sp. 405 0.3 0.1 2.0 44 0.7 3.0 hecinium sp. 1,215 0.8 0.2 3.9 87 1.4 6.1 Viburnum dentatum 4,049 2.6 0.7 13.7 131 2.1 18.4 Total 156,682 IDensity is expressed as nurter of individuals per acre, frecuency as a fraction of sample plots in which a ;pecies occurred, and dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre. 2I mportance value' is the sum of relative density, relative frequency, and relative dominance values. O Table A-14 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 Relative j Relative Relative Importance j Species Density Density Frequency Frequency Dominance3Dominance value2 Carex sp. 174,089 62.6 0.4 11.1 3,736 29.4 103.1 Comandra umbellata 1,157 0.4 0.1 3.7 125 1.0 5.1 Poa sp. 1,157 0.4 0.1 3.7 0 0 4.1 E nus serotina 2,313 0.8 0.3 7.4 934 7.3 15.5 Quercus velutina 1,157 0.a 0.3 7.4 125 1.0 a.8 Rosa sp. 3,470 1.2 0.4 11.1 125 1.0 13.3 RiTblis so. 578 0.2 0.1 3.7 125 1.0 4.9 Sassafras albidan 3,470 1.2 0.6 14.8 809 6.4 22.4 smilax sp. 578 0.2 0.1 3.7 0 0 3.9 Smilicina racemosa 578 0.2 0.1 3.7 125 1.0 4.9 Smilicina stellata 2,313 0.8 0.1 3.7 125 1.0 5.5 Vaccinilisi sp. 86,177 31.0 0.7 18.5 6,413 50.5 100.0 Viburnum lentago 578 0.2 0.1 3.7 62 0.5 4.4 vicia sp. 578 0.2 0.1 3.7 0 0 3.9 Total 278,193 I Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, frequency as a fraction of sample plots in which a sDecies occurred, and dominance as areal coverage 'n square feet per acre. 2 Importance value is the sum of relative density, relative frequency, and relative dominance values. A-14 science services division
O f% U Table A-15 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 Relative Relative j Relative !aportance y y Species Density Density Frecuency Frequency Ominance Dominance value2 Acer ruerum 578 0.3 0.1 1.9 125 0.9 3.1 BTRas coaosa 4.049 2.4 0.3 3.8 809 5.6 11.8 Cares sp. 5.205 3.1 0.6 7.7 620 4.3 15.1 EoEs stolonifera 18.508 10.9 0.6 7.7 1.370 9.4 28.0 Galium sp. 1.157 0. 7 0.3 3.8 0 0 4.5 Wratiens biflora 17.929 10.6 0. 7 9.6 1 ?70 9.4 29.6
.eersia o_ryzoides 29.497 17.4 0.4 5.8 1,370 9. 4 32.6
.indera Warota 1,157 0.7 0. 3 3.8 125 0. 9 5.4 Jnoclea seasiblis 15,616 9.2 0.4 5.8 1.432 9.9 24.9 Osmunda Cinnamomea 40.486 23.9 0.6 7. 7 5,043 34.8 66.4 Farthenocissus quinquefolia 4,049 2.4 0.4 5.8 249 1.7 9.9 Pilea pumila 4,049 2.4 0.7 9. 6 249 1.7 13.7 Ea sp. 2,313 1.4 0. 3 3.8 62 0. 4 5. 6 9oTentt1*a so. 3.470 2.0 0.3 3.8 249 1.7 7.5 Solanum dulcamara 578 0.3 0.1 1.9 0 0 2.2 Solidago so. 8,097 4.8 0.1 1.9 436 3.0 9. 7 Unidentified species A 2.313 1.4 0.3 3.8 311 2.1 7.3 Unidentified species 8 1.157 0.7 0.1 1.9 125 0. 9 3.5 Viburaum acerifolium 578 0.3 0.1 1.9 0 0 2.2 578 0.3 0.1 1.9 374 2.6 4.8 Viturn um 1entam 11.9 Viga sp.~
8.097 4.8 0. 4 5.8 187 1.3 70tal 169,461 Additional species tm sp. 7.310,584 0.3 2,179 I 0ensity is empressed as number of individuals per acre, frequency as a fraction of sample plots in nich a sDeCies occurred, and dominance as areal covera 9e in square feet per acre.
! !moortance value is the sum of relative density. relative frequency, and relative dominance values.
O V Table A-16 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (0 pen) Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 Relative Relative j Relative leportance j j Frequency Dominance Species Density Density Frequency Dominance Value2 Asclepias incarnata 405 0.1 0.1 1.7 174 0.7 2.5 aster sp. 11.336 1.8 0.3 5.3 741 2.8 9.9 CrrW so. 12.146 2.0 0.2 3.5 784 3.0 8.5 Ursfum sp. 1.619 0. 3 0.1 1.7 44 0.2 2.2 Compositae 810 0.1 0.1 1.7 87 0.4 2.1 Cuscuta tronovil 1,619 0.3 0.1 1.7 44 0.2 2.2 Eupatoriun perfoliatwa 3,644 0.6 0.1 1.7 523 2.0 4.3 Eupatorium sp. 4.049 0.7 0. 3 5.3 697 2. 7 8.7 Galiws sp. 405 0.1 0.1 1.7 0 0 1.8 Gramineae* 73,279 12.0 0.7 12.3 6,886 26.2 $0. 5 1mcatieas biflora 12.551 2. 0 0.3 5.3 784 3.0 10.3 Juneus sp. 1,619 0. 3 0.1 1.7 0 0 2.0 Leerste crytoides 2.834 0.5 0.1 1.7 174 0.7 2.9 Lycopus v+rginicus 810 0.1 0.1 1.7 44 0.2 2.0
**eatha arv*nsis 10,526 1.7 0. 3 5.3 610 2.3 9.3 Osmunda cianawrea 10.526 1.7 0.2 3. 5 741 2.8 8.0 Phra?nites enrrvnis 16,194 2. 6 0. 3 5. 3 1.569 6.0 13.9 piles pumilla 49,798 8.1 0.4 7.0 12,64 4.8 19.0 IE sp. 299,595 48.8 0. 3 5.3 4,053 15.4 69.5 F6Tycoaum saf ttatum 810 0.1 0.1 1.7 44 0.2 2.0 solygonum Feansv1vanicum 68.016 11.1 0.1 1.7 2,615 10.0 22.8 shus sp. 405 0.1 0.1 1.7 87 0.3 2.1 T6Tinum delemars 1,619 0. 3 0.1 1.7 174 0. 7 2.7 7halictr u m pyg 11,336 1.8 0.3 5.3 392 1.5 8.6
;T oha latifo ' a 14.174 2.3 0.6 10.5 3.497 13.3 26.1 Urtica dioica 3,239 0.5 0.2 3.5 218 0.8 4.8 Total 613.360 Additional species teana sp. 404.858 0.1 436
'Censity is empressed as number of individuals per acre, frewenty as a fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and desinance as areal Cevera9e in square feet per Pere.
(/ Importance value is the sum of relative density. relative frequency, tid relative dominance values. Unidentified species. A-15 science services division
O O Table A-17 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Maple Forest Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 j Relative j Relative j Pelative Importance Species Censity Censity Frecuency frequency Cominance Cominance Value2 Cornus stolonifera 2,834 10.8 0.3 8.3 174 7.0 26.1 C~eranium robertianum 810 3.1 0.1 2.8 44 1.7 7.6 Geum virginianum 1,215 4.6 0.2 5.6 44 1.7 11.9 IFoitiens biflora 2,024 7.7 0.1 2.8 261 10.5 21.0 U ndera benzoin 2,024 7.7 0.3 8.3 218 8.8 24.8 firt 5 ccissus quindefolia 810 3.1 0.2 5.6 44 1.7 10.4 Pilea pumila 405 1.5 0.1 2.8 87 3.5 7.8 Prunella vulgaris 405 1.5 0.1 2.8 0 0 4.3 Prunus serctina 3,644 13.8 0.5 13.9 305 12.3 40.0 Prunus virginiana 4,453 16.9 0.2 5.6 523 21.0 43.5 . Rosa sp. 810 3.1 0.2 5.6 174 7.0 15.7 1,619 6.1 0.2 5.6 218 8.8 20.s Sassafras albidun 44 1.7 7.5 Smilax sp. Sic 3.1 0.1 2.8 Thalictrum sp. 405 1.5 0.1 2.8 44 1.7 6.3 Dnidenti Hed species 4 405 1.5 0.1 2.8 0 0 i.3 Unidentified species B 405 1.5 0.1 2.8 0 0 4.3 3.1 0.1 2.8 174 7.0 12.9 Urtica dioica 310 12.9 Viburdun acerifoliun 1,215 4.6 0.3 8.3 0 0 VTbFrnum lentago 810 3.1 0.2 5.6 44 1.7 10.4 6.0 Rtis sp. 405 1.5 0.1 2.8 44 1.7 Total 26,318 Censity is excressed as number of individuals per acre, frequency as a fraction of sample plots in which a species occurred, and cominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre. 2!rportance value is the sum of relative der.sity, relative frequency, and relative dcriinance values. Table A-18 Density, frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 Relati ve i Relative i pelative Ir-tance Species Censity i Oensi ty Freauency Frecuency Cominance Dominance W1ge2 Mupber variente 1,134 17.1 0.04 14.3 784 54.2 85.6 Potamogeton so. 2.591 39.0 0.C3 23.6 341 24.1 91.7 Grpicaea calustris 486 7.3 0.04 14.3 17 1.2 22.8 Pontececia coecata 972 14.6 0.04 14.3 37 6.0 34.9 6s.1 m latifbTTa- 1,457 02.0 0.08 23.6 209 14.5 Total 6,640 I Oeasity is expressed as numtee of individuals per acre, frecuency a fraction of sample picts in which a scecies occurred, and dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre. 2 frocrtance value is se of relative dersity, relative frequency, ard relative dantaance values. i l O11 A-16 science services division
0 LJ (D L) o Table A-19 Density, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Values for Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Site, September 1974 Relative Ra h tive l Relative Importance Species Density I Density frequency l F.wquency Dominar.ce Dominance Value2 Andropogan scoparius 3,644 IO.7 0.1 1.6 392 1.5 3.8 Aster sp. 3,644 0.7 0.3 4.7 654 2.5 7.9 Carex sp. 229,960 46.5 1.0 15.6 5,012 18.9 81.0 Comanara umbellata 405 0.1 0.1 1.6 87 0.3 2.0 Dennstaedtia punctilabula 27,160 5.5 0.2 3.1 741 2.8 11.4 Festuca octoflora 9,717 2.0 0.1 1.6 349 1.3 4.9 Fragaria virginiana 3,644 0.7 0.1 1.6 174 0.7 3.0 Gramineae, species A 6,478 1.3 0.3 4.7 131 0.5 6.5 Gramineae, species B 14.575 3.0 0.5 7.8 5,361 20.2 31.0 3 Hieracium sp. 810 0.2 0.1 1.6 44 0.2 2.0 1 Iris sp. i 101 5.1 0.1 1.6 1,525 5.8 12.5 C Juncus sp. 12,146 2.5 0.4 6.2 87 0.3 9.0 Labiatae 25,101 5.1 0.2 3.1 305 1.1 9.3 Lysimachia sp. 1,215 0.2 0.1 1.6 87 0.3 2.1 Onoclea sensiblis 21,457 4.3 0.3 4.7 959 3.6 12.6 Panicum sp. 1,619 0.3 0.1 1.6 44 0.2 2.1 Poa sp. 58,300 11.8 0.7 10.9 392 1.5 24.2 Fofygonium o sagittatum 2,429 0.5 0.2 3.1 131 0.5 4.1 Potentilla simplex 3,644 0.7 0.1 1.6 131 0.5 2.8 Rubus sp. 23,482 4.7 0.7 10.9 8,324 31.4 47.0 Rudbeckia hirta 3,239 0.7 0.1 1.6 218 0.8 3.1 0 Solidago canadensis 2,834 0.6 0.1 1.6 349 1.3 3.5
- 9. Sonchus oleraceus 1,215 0.2 0.2 3.1 131 0.5 2.8 U Teucrium canadense 810 0.2 0.1 1.6 174 0.7 2.5
$ Unidentified species 11,741 2.4 0.2 3.1 697 2.6 8.1 0 g Total 494.336 I Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, frequency as a fraction of sample plots in which a 1 y species occurred, and dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre. p 2 Importance value is the sum of relative density, relative frequency, and relative dominance valu3s. 9: 1 N 3
o O Table A-20 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Beachgrass Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative Relative importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Ammophila breviligulata 265,182 100.0 8324 100.0 100 100.0 300.0 No ahrubs or trees recorded Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in f t 2/ acre, and f requency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. O Table A-21 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Beachgrass Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value8 Ammophila breviligulata 274,494 100.0 18,741 100.0 100 1M.0 300.0 Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in ft2/ acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
O A-18 science services division l l
i C l ( ,/ Table A-22 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Foredune Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative Relative laportance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Berbs Amophila brevilisulata 19,433 15.0 610 17.1 80 18.2 50.3 Androposon scoparius 25,506 19.7 567 15.9 80 18.2 53.8 Arabia 1 rata 36.032 27.8 218 6.1 60 13.7 47.6 Calamov onstfolia 2,024 1.6 44 1.2 30 6.8 9.6 Celastrus scandens 7.287 5.6 479 13.4 30 6.8 25.8 Lithosperstmi carolinense 1,619 1.2 87 2.4 20 4.5 8.1 Panicum sp. 810 0.6 436 12.2 10 2.3 15.1 Prunus sp. 405 0.3 0 0 10 2.3 2.6 Rhus radicans 2,024 1.6 131 3.7 20 4.5 9.8 E sp. 1,619 1.2 87 2.4 10 2.3 5.9 Sa'ITacina ste11sta 10,931 8.5 523 14.6 20 4.5 27.6 Solidaso sp. 21,862 16.9 392 11.0 70 15.9 43.8 Total 129,552 Shrubs Quercus velutina 40 25.0 654 50.0 10 50.0 125.0 Tilia americana 121 75.0 654 50.0 10 50.0 175.0 Total 161 Trees pinus barksiana 8 20.0 1.1 18.9 20 33.3 72.2 Populus deltoides 4 10.0 1.3 22.4 10 16.7 49.1 Quercus velutina 4 10.0 0.4 7.7 10 16.7 34.4 Tilia americana 24 60.0 2.9 51.0 20 33.3 144.3 Total 40 /\
- Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as either areal coverage (herbs and shrubs) or
?,'/ basal area (trees) in ft /2acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. Table A-23 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Foredune Comunity Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Amephilia breviliquiata 15,789 10.2 828 6.1 50 11.3 27.6 Andropogon scoparius 50,202 32.3 5,491 40.5 80 ;8.2 91.0 Asclepias purpurascens 810 0.5 87 0.7 10 2.3 3.5 Asclepias tuberosa 405 0.3 87 0.7 10 2.3 3.3 Calamovilfa longifolia 26.721 17.2 1.264 9.3 60 13.6 40.1 Celastrus scandens 11,336 7.3 2.833 20.9 30 6.8 35.0 Euphoroia coro11ata 3.644 2.3 261 1.9 10 2.3 6.5 Lithospermum carolinense 4,453 2.8 218 1.6 2G 4.5 8.9 Partnenocissus quinquefolia 405 0.3 87 0.7 10 2.3 3.3 Quercus velutina 405 0.3 87 0.7 10 2.3 3.3 Rhus radicans 4.453 2.8 479 3.5 20 4.5 10.8 Eii sp. 2,024 1.3 174 1.3 10 2.3 4.9 U TTacina stellata 3,239 2.1 392 2.9 20 4.5 9.5 Solidago sp. 30.364 19.5 1,177 8.6 80 18.2 46.3 Unidentiffable 405 0.3 44 0.3 10 2.3 2.9 Vitis sp. 810 0.5 44 0.3 10 2.3 3.1 Total 155,465 hj 0ensity is expressed as the number of individuals per acre, dominance as the areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as the percent of sample plots in which a species occurred.
I I A-19 science services division
o Table A-24 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Immature Oak Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Density
- Density Dominacce* Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbe Andrecoiton scocarius 405 0.2 44 1.1 10 2.0 3.3 Arabis tyrata 2,429 1.0 44 1.1 10 2.0 4.1 carex sp. 154,251 65.4 1,220 32.2 80 16.0 113.6 Hamamelis vireiniana 1,619 0./ 0 0 40 8.0 8.7 Hieracium sp. 405 0.2 0 0 10 2.0 2.2 Nepeta cataria 1.215 0.5 44 1.1 10 2.0 3.6 Poa sp. 17,409 7.4 174 4.6 20 4.0 16.0 To7ephv11um peltatum 2,429 1.0 174 4.6 10 2.0 7.6 Polvernature biflorum 3,644 1.6 87 2.3 10 2.0 5.9 Prunus sp. 1.215 0.5 0 0 10 2.0 2.5 Pteridium aquilinum 11,741 5.0 349 9.2 70 14.0 28.2 Rhus radicans 8,907 3.8 131 3.5 20 4.0 11.3 Ro U sp. 6,883 2.9 261 6.9 30 6.0 15.8 STsiafras albidum 405 0.2 131 3.5 10 2.0 5.7 Smilacina racemosa 1,215 0.5 44 1.1 10 2.0 3.6 Sn11acina stellata 10,526 4.4 479 12.7 60 12.0 29.1 Smilax rotundiflora 1,215 0.5 0 0 20 4.0 4.5 Solidsmo sp. 3,239 1.4 131 3.5 20 4.0 8.9 Tradescantia virginiana 3,644 1.6 174 4.6 20 4.0 10.2 Vaccinium pennsylvanicum 810 0.3 44 1.1 10 2.0 3.4 vt hnrn :.m denrat m 2,024 0.9 261 6.9 20 4.0 11.8 Total 235,630 Shrubs Hamamelis virginiana 1,538 54.3 3,999 56.1 50 27.8 138.2 Quercus velutina 567 20.0 1,482 24.5 60 33.3 77.8 Sassafras albidum 729 25.7 1,177 19.4 70 38.9 84.0 Total 2,434 Trees Quercus alba 4 3.0 0.3 0.9 10 10.0 13.9 Quercue v'elltina 130 97.0 35.0 99.1 90 90.0 286.1 Total 134
- Density is ressed as number of individaals per acre, dominance as either areal coverage (herbs or shruba ) or basal area (trees) in ft / acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
Table A-25 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Immature Oak Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value carex sp. 146,559 63.7 1,74? 15.2 80 13.3 92.2 Euphorbia corollata 6,478 2.8 218 1.9 30 5.0 9.7 Hamamelis virginiana 1,215 0.5 44 0.4 30 5.0 5.9 Helianthus sp. 2,429 1.1 131 1.1 30 5.0 7.2 Matanthemum canadense 405 0.2 0 0 10 1.7 1.9 Monarda fistulosa 4,049 1.8 174 1.5 10 1.7 5.0 Poa sp. 810 0.3 0 0 10 1.7 2.0 Prinus sp. 405 0.2 44 0.4 10 1.7 2.3 Pteridium aquilinum 19,433 8.4 5,753 50.2 70 11.6 70.2 Quercus velutina 1,215 0.5 87 0.8 20 3.3 4.6 Rhus radicans 8,502 3.7 1,002 8.7 40 6.7 19.1 Esa sp. 7,287 3.2 261 2.3 30 5.0 10.5 SU Infras albidum 4,858 2.1 567 4.9 30 5.0 12.0 smilacina racemosa 1,215 0.5 0 0 10 1.7 2.2 smilacina stellata 5,668 2.5 261 2.3 60 10.0 14.S Smilax rotundifolia 2,429 1.1 87 0.8 30 5.0 6.9 solidano sp. 7,287 3.2 261 2.3 20 3.3 8.8 Tradescantia virginiana 2,834 1.2 174 1.5 20 3.3 6.0 vaccinium rennsvivanicus 1.619 0.7 87 0.8 10 1.7 3.2 viburnum dentatum 5.263 2.3 567 4.9 50 8.3 15.5 Total 229.960 e
Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in f t2/ acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. A-20 science services division
O (o) v Table A-26 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency value*
Herbs Acer rubrum 578 0.2 62 1.2 14 2.9 4.3 Andropogon scoparius $78 0.2 125 2.5 14 2.9 5.6 (a,Iex sp. 152.689 53.8 1.619 31.7 57 11.4 96.9 Coissandra umbellats 1.157 0.4 0 0 29 5.7 6.1 Maianthemum canadense 1.157 0.4 0 0 29 5.7 6.1 PS sp. 7.519 2.7 187 3.6 71 14.2 20.5 Pote"tilla sp. 578 0.2 0 0 14 2.9 3.1 Prunus serotina 3.470 1.2 62 1.2 14 2.9 5.3 Prunus sp. 578 0.2 0 0 14 2.9 3.1 Pteridium aautlinum 578 0.2 0 0 14 2.9 3.1 Rosa sp. 4.049 1.4 125 2.5 43 8.5 12.4 Sassafras albidum 578 0.2 0 0 14 2.9 3.1 Silene noctiflora 6.362 2.2 62 1.2 14 2.9 6.3 Smilacina stellata 34.124 12.0 1,183 23.2 71 14.2 49.4 Smiles rotundiflora 578 0.2 0 0 14 2.9 3.1 vaccinium pennsylvanicum 69.404 24.5 1.681 32.9 71 14.2 11.6 Total 283.977 Shrubs A m rubrum 116 20.0 623 24.4 29 25.0 69.4 Prunus serotina 231 40.0 1.432 56.1 43 37.5 133.6 Quercus alba 58 10.0 125 4.9 14 12.5 27.4 overcus Etina 174 30.0 374 14.6 29 25.0 69.6 Total 579 Trees Prunus sert tina 12 6.5 1.5 1.8 14 9.8 18.1 Quercus alba 12 6.5 2.1 2.5 29 20.3 29.3 Ouercus velutina 156 87.0 79.5 95.7 100 69.9 252.6 f
, j Total 180 %d
- Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as either areal coverage (herbs and shrubs) or basal area (trees', in f t /2acre. and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three values.
Table A-27 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Acer rubrum 578 0.2 125 0.8 14 3.2 4.2 M anchief canadensis 1.157 0.4 62 0.4 14 3.2 4.0 Andropeaon scoparius 1.157 0.4 62 0.4 in 3.2 4.0 carex sp. 138.809 48.3 2.117 13.5 29 6.5 68.3 Matanthemum canadense 1.735 0.6 125 0. 8 14 3.2 4.6 Poa sp. 578 0.2 0 0 14 3. 2 3.4 Frunue serotina 2.313 0.8 1.307 8.4 29 6.5 15.7 Prunus sp. 578 0.2 0 0 14 3.2 3.4 Pteridium aquilinum 578 0.2 125 0.8 14 3.2 4.2 Quercus velutina 578 0.2 125 0.8 14 3.2 4.2 Rhus cocallinus 1.157 0.4 62 0.4 14 3.2 4.0 E sp. 4.049 1.4 249 1.6 43 9.7 12.7 Rubus sp. 578 0.2 0 0 14 3.2 3.4 Sassafras albidum 3.470 1.2 1.058 6.8 43 9.7 17.7 silene noctiflora 7.519 2.6 62 0.4 14 3.2 6.2 smilacina racemosa 2.892 1.0 249 1.6 29 6.5 9.1 smilacina stellate 14.459 5.1 498 3.2 29 6.5 14.8 seilan rotundifolia 1.157 0.4 187 1.2 14 3.2 4.8 vaccinium rennsrivanicum 104.106 36.2 9.215 58.9 71 16.2 111.3 Total 287.448 l r
( m, . Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre. dominance as areal coverage in f t2/ acre and g) f requency as percanc of sample plots in which e species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. A-21 science services division
O Table A-28 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative Relative laportance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbe Am rubraan $78 0.2 62 0.3 14 2.4 2.9 St.j,.fus scecas 1.157 0. 3 125 0.7 14 2.4 3.4 Caltha palustris 8.676 2.6 934 5.2 29 4.8 12.6 Careu sp. 4.627 1.4 685 3.8 57 9.4 14.6 Cornus stolenifere 9.254 2.7 374 2.1 43 7.1 11.9 Graminese 17.929 5. 3 125 0. 7 29 4.8 10.8 1spatiene biflora 35.281 10.4 498 2.8 71 11.9 25.1
%isacherm c onocense 204.164 60.4 1.992 11.0 57 9.4 80.9 Onocles sensibilis 5.784 1. 7 623 3.4 29 4.8 9.9 Osmunes cinnamo ee 5.205 1.5 125 0. 7 43 7.1 9. 3 Partnenocissus quing efolia 578 0. 2 0 0 14 2.4 2.6 Polvu w m op. 379 0.; 62 0. 3 14 2.4 2.9 Potentilla sp. 4,049 1.2 311 1.7 29 4.8 7.7 Prunus virginiana 578 0.2 125 0. 7 14 2.4 3. 3 Ranunculus sp. 578 0.2 0 0 1' 2. 4 2.6 Seilacica stellata 1.735 0.5 125 0. 7 14 2.4 3.6 Solidan sp. 5.784 4.7 187 1.0 14 2.4 5.1 Sv plecerous feetida 30.654 9.1 11.705 64.6 86 14.3 88.0 lintas $78 0.2 62 0.3 14 2.4 2.9 Total 337.767 Shruba Acer rubrure 405 25.9 1.307 34.4 43 33.3 93.6 Gus aucum 58 3. 7 125 3.3 14 11.1 18.1 Cornus stslonifera 810 51.9 1.968 49.2 57 44.5 145.6 Lindere benactn 289 18.5 499 13.1 14 11.1 42.7 Total 1.562 Trees Acer rubrm 104 51.4 25.9 50.9 86 42.9 145.2 Ela lutes 35 17.1 4.1 8.1 43 21.5 46.7 levees svMira 6 2.9 0. 6 1.1 14 7.1 11.1 Prunus sere tina 4 2.9 0.9 1.8 14 7.1 11.8 Salix nigra 29 14.3 16.8 33.1 29 14.3 61.7 Seesaf ras albidtm 23 11.4 2.5 5.0 14 7.1 23.5 Total 203
- Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as either areal coverage (harbe and shruba) or basal area (trees) la f t 2/ acre, and f requency as percent of sample plots is which a species occurred. laportance value is the sua of the three relative values.
Table A-29 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative laportance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency value M rube m 579 0.2 62 0. 3 14 2.3 2.8 81 dens coeosa 2.892 1.1 249 1.3 43 6.8 9.2 Ceres sp. 45.113 17.0 872 4.7 57 9.1 30.9 Cornus stolonifera 15.038 5.7 2.740 14.7 43 6.8 27.2 Ga'. tum apartne 1.157 0.4 0 0 14 2.3 2.7 Impatiens biflora 14.459 5.4 560 3.0 57 9.1 17.5 Leersia orysoides 39.329 14.8 1.370 7.4 29 4.5 26.7 wnthesum canedense 66.512 25.1 1.183 6.3 29 e.5 35.9 oneeles sensiblis 13.302 5.0 1.121 6.0 43 6.8 17.8 EE cinnamones 34.124 12.9 5.105 27.e 57 9.1 49.4 Parthenocissue quinquefst_13 1.157 0.4 125 0.7 29 4.5 5.6 Ptles ,u ils 1.735 0.7 187 1.0 29 4. 5 6.2 Polygonum sp. 1.157 0.4 197 1.0 14 2.3 3.7 Potent illa sp. 2.892 1.1 311 1. 7 29 4.5 7.3 Sapucus sp. 578 0.1 311 1.7 14 2.3 4.2 Solanum dulcamars 1.735 0. 7 123 0.7 16 2.3 3.7 Solidato sp. 6.940 2.6 311 1.7 14 2.3 6.6 Svwlocarvus f oetthe 8.097 3.0 3.424 18.4 71 11.5 32.9 v3oJ,a sp. 8.678 3.3 374 2.0 29 4.5 9.8 Total 265.473 e .
Density is expressed se number of individaals per acre, doeinance as areal coverase in f t-/ acre, and f requency as percent of sample plots La which a species occurred. laportance value is the am of the three relative values. l A-22 science services division
O i n 1 NJ Table A-30 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (0 pen) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative *alative importance species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Gar.sg (species A) 95,142 8.2 1,438 9.2 40 8.5 25.9 Carex (species 3) 47,773 4.1 610 3.9 20 4.3 12.3 Cirsium sp. 810 0.1 131 0.8 10 2.1 3.0 Calium agarici 2,024 0.2 218 1.4 10 2.1 3.7 Impatiens biffora 255.061 22.0 2,659 16.9 60 12.7 51.6 Leersia orvioides 193,117 16.6 785 5.0 50 10.7 32.3 Mentha arvensis 17,004 1.5 915 5.8 20 4.3 11.6 Phrammites coim.unis 6.883 0.6 174 1.1 20 4.3 6.0 Pm sp. 353.036 30.4 3.312 21.1 20 4.3 53.8 Polvawum sp. 1,215 0.1 44 0.3 10 2.1 2.5 Potomonoton op. 62,348 5.4 784 5.0 10 2.1 12.5 Rumex sp. 405 <0.1 44 0.3 10 2.1 2.4 Solidato sp. 31,984 2.8 1,046 6.7 50 10.6 20.1 Thalictrum polygamum 71.255 6.1 2,048 13.0 50 10.6 29.7 Typha latifolia 13,360 1.2 828 5.3 40 8.5 15.0 Urtica dioica 5,668 0.5 349 2.2 20 4.3 7.0 Ziria aurea 2,834 0.2 261 1.7 20 4.3 6.2 Unidentifiable 405 <0.1 44 0.3 10 2.1 2.4 Total 1,160.324
$hrubs Cephalanthus occidentalis 162 100.3 261 100.0 10 100.0 300.0 Total 162 No trees recorJed
- Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in f t2/ acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a spacies occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
p V Table A-31 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (0 pen) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Asclepias incarnata 810 0.1 131 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 Aster sp. 2.834 0.2 349 1.0 30 4.5 5.7 Carex sp. 27,530 2.1 1,177 3.5 20 3.0 8.6 convolvulus septum 810 0.1 87 0.3 10 1.5 1.9 cuscure aronavii 51.822 4.1 349 1.0 40 5.9 11.0 Eunatorium perfoliatum 405 <0.1 87 0.3 10 1.5 1.8 Eupatorium purpureum 4.453 0.3 741 2.2 30 4.5 7.0 Calium aparim 810 0.1 0 G 20 3.0 3.1 Graminese .
1,619 0.1 44 0.1 10 1.5 1.7 Impatiens biflors 260,729 20.5 3.574 10.6 70 10.4 41.5 h versicolor 9.717 0.8 654 1.9 10 1.5 4.2 Leersia orvroides 272.874 21.4 6.320 18.8 60 9.0 49.2 Poa spp. 412.146 32.4 5,709 17.0 30 4.5 53.9 Phrassites communis 40.991 3.2 3.399 10.1 40 5.9 19.2 Polymonum samittatum 2,834 0.2 131 0.4 30 4.5 5.1 Polymenue sp. 93,927 7.4 3.269 9.7 10 1.5 18.6 Scutellaria malericulata 6,073 0.5 523 1.6 40 5.9 8.0 solanum dulcamara 4C5 <0.1 0 0 10 1.5 1.5 Solidato sp. 3,239 0.2 261 0.8 20 3.0 4.0 stacnys palustria 19.028 1.5 872 2.6 20 3.0 7.1 Thalictrum polvEamum 25.101 2.0 3.617 10.8 50 7.5 20.3 Thelypterg palustris 43.887 1.9 523 1.6 30 4.5 8.0 Typha latifolia 9.717 0.8 1,395 4.2 40 5.9 10.9 Urtica diotes 405 <0.1 131 0.4 to 1.5 1.9 ziria surea 1.215 0.1 218 0.7 20 3.0 3.8 Total 1,273,281 [] g Density is expressed as number of individ_als per acre. dominance as areal coverage in ft 2/ acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the
'V three relative values.
A-23 science services division l l l
O Table A-32 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for h Maple Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative Relative 1sportance Species Density
- Donalty Dominanc e
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs A,cej rubrum 405 0.4 0 0 10 2.6 3.0 Cernus stolonifera 1.216 1.2 44 1.4 20 5.3 8.0 Geranium esculatum 9,312 9.9 479 15.5 10 2.6 28.0 Impatione biflora 19.028 20.1 436 14.1 20 5.3 39.5 Lilium superbum 4.453 4. 7 131 4.2 20 5.3 14.2 Li,:ers bensota 1.215 1. 3 87 2.8 20 5.3 9.4 Parthenacteous quincuefolis 2,834 3.0 44 1.4 40 10.5 14.9 Polymor.atum bif lorum 810 0.9 0 0 20 5.3 6.2 Z,r,a;;33 ser: tina 6.073 6.4 697 22.6 40 10.5 39.5 n;,gg sp. 810 0.9 174 3.7 20 3.3 11.9 Szilac19a f acesoes 2.024 2.1 44 1.4 20 5.3 8.8 selanum duleseara 3.239 3.4 87 2.S 10 2.6 8.8 Thalictem poivromm 405 0.4 44 1. 4 10 2. 6 4.4 Crtica gj,J,1g 2.024 2.1 174 5.6 10 2. 6 10.3 Y1hrna acer$folim 13.765 14.5 87 2.8 50 13.1 30.4 viburmss tentato 8.097 8.6 349 11.3 20 3.3 25.2 Zm agr,ea 4.858 5.1 131 4.2 20 5. 3 14.6 Unidentifiable species A 405 0.4 0 0 10 2. 6 3.0 Unidentifiable species 8 13,765 14.5 87 2. 8 10 2.6 19.9 Tot al 94.738 Shrube Acer rubem 283 31.8 2.528 49.1 50 45.4 126.3 Eue stolocifers 202 22.7 654 12.7 10 9.1 44.5 Prunus ser,tira 283 31.8 1.612 31.4 JO 27.3 90.5 sassafree albitm 121 13.7 349 6.8 20 18.2 38.7 Total 889 Trees Acer rubrus 194 69.8 52.3 64.4 70 38.9 173.1 Crataegua sp. 8 2.9 0.6 0. 8 10 5.6 9.3 Pm serotins 32 11.5 15.5 19.1 30 16.6 67.2 Quercus alba 8 2.9 1.5 1.8 10 5. 6 10.3 Recinia Qaoacacia 28 10.1 9.9 12.2 50 27.7 50.0 Sasse f ree al"idas 6 2.9 1.4 1.7 10 5.6 10.2 - Tot al 278
- Density is expressed as neber of individuals per acre, dominance as either areal ceverage (herbs and shrube) or basal area (trees) in f t 2/ acre, and f requency as percent of sample plots to which a species occurred. Importance valaa La the sum of the three relative values.
Table A-33 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Maple Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Ciremes quadrisulcata 5,097 12.8 523 8.2 10 2.6 23.4 Cornus stolont' era 2.324 3.2 131 2.1 20 4. 9 10.2 ceranium maculat;.g 6.478 10.3 741 11.6 10 2.4 24.3 Itrattens etf 1c ra 11.741 18.6 915 14.4 20 4. 9 37.9 Linsera benzoin 5.668 9.0 567 8.9 70 17.1 35.0 Maianthesm canadense 405 0.6 0 0 10 2.4 3.0 Parthenecissus coinquef oa 6.478 10.3 697 11.0 30 7.4 23.7 Prunus serotina 9.312 14.8 1.656 26.0 50 12.2 53.0 M3a, op. 2.024 3.2 218 3.4 20 4.9 11.5 sassaf rae albidum 1.215 1.9 213 3.4 20 4.9 10.2 Seilan retundifiera 1.619 2.6 87 1.4 40 9.8 13.8 Thatictrum polysonus 405 0.6 27 1. 4 10 2.4 4.4 L'rt ica d isica 610 1. 3 174 2.7 10 2.4 6.4 vtburn m acerifelius 4,458 7.7 44 0. 7 40 9.8 18.2 viburnum 1 entero 810 1.3 305 4.8 20 4.9 11.0 Viburnus op. 405 0.6 0 0 10 2.4 3.3 viola sp. 405 0.6 0 0 10 2.4 3.0 11no agreg 405 0. 6 0 0 10 2.4 3.0 Total 63.159 I
e Density is expressed as nutber of individdis per acre, dominance as areal severage in f t 2/ acre, and frequency as percent of samole plats in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. A-24 science services division
i O M (V k Table A-34 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Nuphar variegatum 3.563 100.0 1.447 100.0 12.0 100.0 300.0
- 2 Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in ft / acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
O 1 Table A-35 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Nuphar variegatum 4,409 52.1 1,395 71.4 8.0 40.0 163.5 Polygonum sp. 162 2.1 17 0.9 4.0 20.0 23.0 Potomogeton sp. 3,563 45.8 540 27.7 8.0 40.0 113.5 Total 7.774
- Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in f t2/ acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
O v 9 l A-25 science services division
o Table A-36 g Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 Relative Relative Relative importance Species Density Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Allium canadense 405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1. 8 2.3 Ascleptas sp. 32,794 8.0 479 4.9 40 7.3 20.2 Carex spp. 106,073 25.9 2,310 23.6 90 16.4 65.9 Cirsium sp. 810 0.2 87 1.3 20 1.6 5.1 Convolvulus arvensis 405 0.1 0 0 10 1.8 1.9 Frazaria vir2iniana 7,287 1.8 218 2.2 10 1.8 5.8 Hierscium canadense 810 0.2 87 0.9 10 1.8 2.9
!=ratiens bifiers 14.575 3.6 305 3.1 10 1.8 8.5 IIit verticoler 31,579 7.7 872 8.9 10 1.8 18.4 Juncus sp. 4.858 1.2 a7 0.9 10 1.8 3.9 Labiatae 4,858 1.2 87 0.7 10 1.8 3.9 Leersia virginica 89.878 21.9 610 7.6 50 9.2 38.7 oxalis stricta 405 0.1 0 0 10 1.8 1.9 Panicum sp. 405 0.1 0 0 10 1.8 1.9 Poa sp. 63,968 15.6 872 8.9 90 16.4 40.9 Potentilla canadensis 12,551 3.1 349 3.6 40 7.3 14.0 Pycnanthemum virginianum 1,619 0.4 87 0.9 10 1.8 3.1 Rubus flagell.ris 19,433 4.8 1,874 19.1 40 9.2 33.1 Run x sp. 4,453 1.1 131 1.3 20 3.6 6.0 so11 dago sp. 1,619 0.4 174 1.8 10 1.8 4.0 1;mbelliferae 3,644 0.9 349 3.5 20 3.6 8.0 Zizia aurea 6.478 1.6 610 6.2 10 1.8 v.6 Total 408,907 ,
No shrubs or trees recorded Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in f t2/ acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a spe:1es occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. Table A-37 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1975 Relative Relative Relative importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency 5 Frequency Value Andropogon sp. 19,433 2.1 1,656 4.2 20 3.3 9.6 Aster sp. 405 <0.1 44 0.1 10 1.6 1.7 Carex spp. 110,121 12.2 2,484 6.3 80 13.2 31.7 Cirsium sp. 810 0.1 87 0.2 10 1.6 1.9 Convolvulus septun 2.024 0.2 44 0.1 20 3.3 4.0 Euphorbia corollata 2,429 0.3 174 0.4 10 1.6 2.3 Graatneae (species A) 194,332 21.5 10,460 26.7 40 6.6 54.8 Impatiens biflor- 6,073 0.7 523 1.3 10 1.6 3.6 1r3 versicolor 31,174 3.4 2,179 5.6 10 1.6 10.6 Juncus sp. 34,008 3.8 392 1.0 20 3.3 8.1 Leersia vittinica 157,895 17.5 4,184 10.7 40 6.6 34.8 Lvsimachia terrestris 2,834 0.3 218 0.5 20 3.3 4.1 Monarda fistulosa 1,215 0.1 174 0.5 10 1.6 2.2 onocles sensiblis 19,028 2.1 741 1.9 20 3.3 7.3 Panicum sp. 2,024 0.2 44 0.1 20 3.3 3.6 P3 sp. 50,202 5.6 654 1.7 50 8.2 15.5 Polveenus sagittatum 9,717 1.1 305 0.8 30 4.9 6.8 Potentilla sp. 5.263 0.6 174 0.5 20 3.3 4.4 Rubus sp. 42,105 4.7 9,632 24.6 80 13.2 42.5 Rudbeckia hirta 2,334 0.3 174 0.5 10 1.6 2.4 Sisyrinchium sp. 3,239 0.4 87 0.2 10 1.6 2.2 Solidato sp. 3,239 0.4 218 0.5 10 1.6 2.5 Jeucrium canadense 11,741 1.3 654 1.7 10 1.6 4.6 Thelysteris palustris 132,794 14.7 1,656 4.2 30 4.9 23.8 21sta aurea 57,490 6.4 2,092 5.3 20 3.3 15.0 Total 902,429 Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in f t /2 acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative valvas.
A-26 science services division
O ( V Table A-38 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Beachgrass Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, Tuly 1976 REL REL REL IMPORTANCE SPECIES DENSITY
- DEN DOMINANCE
- DOM FREQUENCY
- FREQ VALUE HER8S AMMOPHILA OREVILIGULATA 161943 100.0 6494 100.0 70 100.0 300.0
- DENSITY IS EXPRESSED AS NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS PER AC4E.00MINANCE AS EITHER AREAL COVERAGE (HERBS OR SHRUBS) OR BASAL AREA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE AND FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE PLOTS IN WHICH A SPECIES OCCURRED. IMPORTANCE VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES.
Table A-39 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Foredune Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 REL REL REL IMPORTANCE TAXON DENSITY
- DEN DCMINANCE* DOM FREQUENCY
- FREQ VALUE*
rs HER8S ( ) AMMOPHILA BREVILIGULATA 8097 2.4 87 1.1 30 5.2 8.7 b' ANDROPOGON SCOPARIUS 191498 57.9 4053 52.0 90 15.5 125.4 ARASIS LYRATA 6883 2.1 0 0 50 8.5 10.7 ASTER SP. 405 0.1 0 0 to 1.7 1.8 CALAVOVILFA LONGIFOLIA 20648 6.2 349 4.5 60 10.3 21.0 CELASTRUS SCANDENS 10931 3.3 1220 15.6 40 6.9 25.8 EUPHORBIA COROLLATA 4858 1.5 174 2.2 20 3.4 7.1 LITHOSPERVUM CAROLINENSE 3239 1.0 44 0.6 20 3.4 5.0 PAN! CUM SP. 7207 2.2 44 0.6 20 3.4 6.2 PARTHENOCISSUS QUINQUEFOLIA 405 0.1 44 0.6 to 1.7 2.4 PRUNUS SP. 405 0.1 44 0.6 10 1.7 2.4 CUERCUS VELUTINA 810 0.2 218 2.8 20 3.4 6.4 RHUS RADICANS 8907 2.7 305 3.9 30 5.2 11.8 ROSA SP. 2429 0.7 87 1.1 to 1.7 3.5 RUDSECMIA HIRTA 5668 1.7 44 0.6 20 3.4 5.7 SMILACINA STELLATA 8502 2.6 131 1.7 to 1.7 6.0 SOLIDAGO SPP. 46154 14.0 741 9.5 90 15.5 39.0 UNIDENTIFIABLE - 2 SPECIES 3239 1.0 0 0 30 5.2 6.2 VITIS SP. 405 0.1 218 2.8 10 1.7 4.6 TOTAL 330769 SHRUSS QUERCUS VELUTINA 40 25.0 784 51.4 to 50.0 126.4 TILIA AMERICANA 121 75.0 741 48.6 10 50.0 173.6 TOTAL 161 TREES PINUS BANKSIANA 8 20.0 1.3 19.7 20 33.? 73.0 POD'JLUS DELTOIDES 4 10.0 1.5 22.9 to 16.7 49.6 QUERCUS VELUTINA 4 10.0 0.5 8.3 to 16.7 35.0 TILIA AMERICANA 24 60.0 3.1 49.0 20 33.3 142.3 TOTAL 40
- DENSITY IS EXPRESSED AS NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS PER ACRd. DOMINANCE AS EITHER ,
AREAL COVERAGE (HER8S OR SMRUBS) OR 8ASAL AREA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE. AND i FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE PLOTS IN WHICH A SPECIES OCCURRED. IMPORTANCE (~]/ ( VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES. A-27 science services division l
1 l l 1 1 Table A-40 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Immature Oak Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1976 REL REL REL IMPORTANCE SPECIES DENSITY
- DEN DOMINANCE + DOM FREQUENCY
- FREQ VALUE*
=
HER8S ARASIS LYRATA 3644 1.5 0 0 30 3.9 5.4 CAREX SP. 102024 42.5 1220 12.5 60 7.8 62.8 EUPnORBIA CCROLLATA 10931 4.6 261 2.7 30 3.9 11.2 HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA 7692 3.2 305 3.1 70 9.1 15.4 HIERACIUM SP. 405 0.2 0 0 10 1.3 1.5 KREGIA VIRGINICA 2025 0.8 0 0 20 2.6 3.4 MONARDA FISTULOSA 5668 2.4 349 3.6 20 2.6 8.6 PANICUM SP. 1619 0.7 0 0 30 3.9 4.6 POA SP. 32389 13.5 349 3.6 30 3.9 21.0 PODOPHfLLUM PELTATUM 1215 0.5 131 1.3 to 1.3 3.1 PRUNUS SP. 2024 0.8 44 0.4 30 3.9 5.1 PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM 18219 7.6 4039 20.1 80 10.4 38.1 CUERCUS VELUTINA 810 0.3 87 0.9 to 1.3 2.5 RHUS RADICANS 8907 3.7 523 5.4 40 5.2 14.3 ROSA SP. 7692 3.2 479 4.9 30 3.9 12.0 SASSAFRAS AL8IDUM 5263 2.2 915 9.4 60 7.8 19.4 SMILACINA RACEMOSA 405 0.2 87 0.9 to 1.3 2.4 S'.!! L A C I N A STELLATA 10526 4.4 261 2.7 70 9.1 16.2 SMILAX ROTUNDIFLORA 4049 1.7 87 0.9 50 6.5 9.1 SCLIDAGO SP. 7692 3.2 261 2.7 30 3.9 9.8 TRADESCANTIA VIR31NIANA 3239 1.3 174 1.8 20 2.6 2.7 VACCINIUM PENNSYLVANICUM 121S 0.5 44 0.4 to 1.3 2.2 VIBURNUM DENTATUM 1215 0.5 218 2.2 to 1.3 4.0 VIOLA SP. 1215 0.5 0 0 to 1.3 1.8 TOTAL 24C081 SHRUSS HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA 1498 54.4 3487 51.9 50 27.8 134.1 GUERCUS VELUTINA 526 19.1 1743 26.0 60 33.3 78.4 SASSAFRAS AL810UM 729 26.5 1482 22.1 70 38.9 87.5 TOTAL 2753 TREES QUERCUS ALBA 4 2.9 0.3 0.9 to .0.0 13.8 GUERCUS VELUTINA 134 97.1 34.6 99.1 90 90.0 286.2 TOTAL 138
- DENSITY IS EXPRESSED AS NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS DER ACRE.DCMINANCE AS EITHER AREAL COVERAGE (HER8S OR SHRUBS) OR BASAL AREA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE. AND FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE PLOTS IN WHICH A SPECIES OCCURRED. IMPORTANCE VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES.
O A-28 science services division
o r
),
V Table A-41 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1976 REL REL REL IMPORTANCE SPECIES DENSITY
- DEN DOMINANCE
- COM FREQUENCY
- FREQ VALUE*
HERBS ACER RUBRUM 1765 0.8 570 3.8 14 2.6 7.2 ANDRODCGON SCOPARIUS 1176 0.5 63 0.4 14 2.6 3.5 ASIMINA TRILOBA 588 0.3 570 3.8 14 2.6 6.7 CAREX SP. 109412 47.3 2596 17.4 43 7.9 72.6 CRATAEGUS SP. 588 0.3 0 0 14 3.6 2.9 POA SP. 1765 0.8 0 0 29 5.3 6.1 PRUNUS SEROTINA 4118 1.8 1077 7.2 57 10.5 19.5 PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM 588 0.3 0 0 14 2.6 2.9 QUERCUS VELUTINA 1176 0.5 127 0.8 29 5.3 6.6 ROSA SP. 5882 2.5 317 2.1 57 10.5 15.1 RUBUS SP. 588 0.3 63 0.4 14 2.6 3.3 SASSAFRAS AL8100M 5294 2.3 1266 8.5 71 13.2 24.0 SILENE NOCTIFLORA 3529 1.5 0 0 14 2.6 4.1 SMILACINA JTELLATA 18824 8.1 380 2.5 57 10.5 21.1 SOLIDAGO SP. 588 0.3 0 0 14 2.6 2.9 VACCINIUM PENNSYLVANICUM 75294 32.6 7915 53.0 86 15.8 101.4 TOTAL 231176
- c. SHRUBS Di ACER RUBRUM 116 20.0 871 27.5 29 25.0 72.5 PRUNUS SEROTINA 231 40.0 1618 51.0 43 37.5 128.5 QUERCUS ALBA 58 10.0 124 3.9 14 12.5 26.4 QUERCUS VELUT!NA 173 30.0 56L 17.6 29 25.0 72.6 TOTAL 578 TREES PRUNUS SEROTINA 12 6.5 1.7 2.0 14 10.0 18.5 QUERCUS ALBA 12 6.5 2.1 2.4 29 20.0 28.9 QUERCUS VELUTINA 156 87.1 83.9 95.6 100 70.0 252.7 TOTAL 180
- DENSITY IS EXPRESSED AS NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS PER ACRE. DOMINANCE AS EITHER AREAL COVERAGE (HERBS OR SHRUSS) OR DASAL AREA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE. AND FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE PLOTS IN WHICH A SPECIES OCCURRED. IMPORTANCE VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES.
l f O; l U A-29 science services division
)
o Table A-42 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1976 REL REL REL IMPCRTANCE SPECIES DENSITY
- DEN DOMINANCE
- DOM FREQUENCY = FREQ VALUE*
HERBS ACER RUBRUM 1765 0.7 0 0 14 1.7 2.4 DICENS COMOSA 598 0.2 0 0 14 1.7 1.9 CALTHA PALUSTRIS 588 0.2 380 1.6 14 1.7 3.5 CAREx SP. 55294 20.9 1456 6.1 43 5.2 32.2 CCNVOLvULUS SP. 588 0.2 63 0.3 14 1.7 2.2 CORNU 3 STOLONIFERA 12353 4.7 1330 5.5 57 6.9 17.1 DECODCN VERTICILLATUS 1176 0.4 127 0.5 14 1.7 2.6 GALIUf.1 AP ARINE 1175 0.4 0 0 14 1.7 2.1 IMPATIENS BIFLORA 46471 17.6 1300 5.5 86 10.3 33.4 LEERSIA ORYZOIDES 27059 10.2 443 1.3 29 3.4 15.4 LEMNA MINOR 57 6.9 LINDERA BENZOIN 588 0.2 0 0 14 1.7 1.9 f.!AI ANTHEMUM C ANADENSE 14118 53 380 1.6 14 1.7 8.S U!TCHrLLA GPPEN9 1117A 4.2 63 0.3 14 1.7 6.2 ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS 9412 3.6 823 3.4 43 5.2 12.2 OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA 5882 2.2 9372 39.1 71 8.6 49.9 PARTHENOCISSUS QUINQUEFOLIA 4706 1.8 G3 0.3 29 3.4 5.5 PILEA PUMILA 36471 13.8 1330 5.5 86 10.3 29.6 POLYGONUM SAGITTATUM 3529 1.3 443 1.8 14 1.7 4.8 POTEN11LLA SP. 1176 0.4 0 0 29 3.4 3.8 SAMSUCUS CANADENSIS 1176 0.4 63 0.3 29 3.4 4.1 SMILACINA STELLATA 14706 5.6 0 0 14 1.7 7.3 SOLIDAGO SP. 1735 0.7 0 0 14 1.7 2.4 SYr/PLOCARPUS FOETIDA 5882 2.2 6332 24.4 86 10.3 36.9 UNIDENTIFIABLE - FERN 538 0.2 0 0 14 1.7 1.9 UNIDENTIFIABLE - 1 SPECIES 588 0.2 0 0 14 1.7 1.9 URTICA DICICA 588 0.2 0 0 14 1.7 1.9
.' I O L A SP. 4118 1.6 0 0 14 1.7 3.3 VITIS SP. Saa 0.2 0 0 14 1.7 1.9 TOTAL 264118 SHRUBS ACER RUBRUM 347 21.4 1245 29.0 43 30.0 50.4 CORNUS AMOMUM 58 3.6 187 4.3 14 10.0 17.9 CORNU 3 STOLONIFERA 867 53.6 2240 52.2 57 40.0 145.8 LINDEPA BENZOIN 289 17.9 560 13.0 14 10.0 40.9 ULMUS RUBRA 58 3.6 62 1.4 14 10.0 15.0 TOTAL 1G18 TREES ACER RUBRUM 104 51.4 26.9 49.6 66 42.9 143.9 BETULA LUTEA 35 17.1 4.4 8.1 43 21.4 42.9 NYSSA SYLVATICA 6 2.9 0.6 1.2 14 7.1 11.2 P;UNUS SEROTINA 6 2.9 1.0 1.9 14 7.1 11.9 SALIX NIGRA 29 14.3 18.6 34.2 29 14.3 62.8 SASSAFRAS ALSIDUM 23 11.4 2.7 5.0 14 7.1 23.5 TOTAL 202 'OENSITY IS EXPRESSED AS NU".19ER OF INDIVIDUALS PER ACRE.COMINANCE AS EITHER AREAL COVERAGE (MERBS OR SHRUSS) OR BASAL APEA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE. AND FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE DLOTS IN WHICH A SPECIES OCCURRED. IMPORTANCE VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES.
O A-30 science services division
o O Table A-43 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Emportance Values for Cowles Bog (Open) Vegetation, Sailly Study Area, July 1976 REL REL REL IMPORTANCE SPECIES DENSITY
- DEN DOMINANCE
- DOM FREQUENCY = FREQ V A LUE
- ttERBS ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA 810 01 44 0.2 to 1.7 2.0 ASTER SP. 4049 0.4 218 0.8 20 3.4 4.6 CAREX SP. 20243 2.0 1307 5.0 to 1.7 8.7 CIRSIUM SP. 405 0 0 0 10 1.7 1.7 CUSCUTA GRONOVII 2034 87 87 0.3 to 1.7 2.3 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM 810 0.1 174 0.7 10 1.7 2.5 EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM 4049 0.4 610 2.3 20 3.4 6.1 GALIUM APARINE 405 0 0 0 to 1.7 1.7 IMPATIENS BIFLORA 144130 14.1 1918 7.3 60 10.3 31.7 IRIS VERSICOLOR 5263 0.5 218 0.8 to 1.7 3.0 LEERSIA ORYZOIDES 255061 25 0 5230 20.0 60 10.3 55.3 9HRAGMITES COMMUNIS 37247 3.7 3094 11.8 30 5.2 20.7 PILEA PUMILA 5668 0.6 131 0.5 30 52 6.3 POA SP. 377328 37.0 4838 18.5 40 6.9 62.4 POLYGONUM PENSYLVANICUM 84615 8.3 2615 10.0 to 1.7 20.0 POLYGONUM SAGITTATL'M 1619 02 44 0.2 20 3.4 3.8 SCUTELLARIA GALERICULATA 4453 0.4 131 0.5 30 5.2 6.1 SOLANUM DULCAMARA 1215 0.1 44 0.2 10 1.7 2.0 SOLIDAGO SP. 2024 0.2 44 0.2 20 3.4 3.8 STACHYS PALUSTRIS 11336 1.1 654 2.5 20 3.4 7.0
/%
t d THALICTRUM POLYGAMUM 23482 2.3 2571 9.8 40 6.9 19.0 THELYPTERIS PALUSTRIS 19028 1.9 436 1.7 20 3.4 7.0 TYPHA LATIFOLIA 12146 1.2 1787 6.8 60 10.3 18.3 URTICA SP. 810 01 87 0.3 to 1.7 2.1 ZIZIA AUREA 405 0 0 0 to 1.7 1.7 TOTAL 1019433 SHRUBS CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIP 94 100.0 305 100.0 to 100.0 300.0 TOTAL 94
- DENSITY IS EXPRESSE0 AS NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS PER ACRE,COMINANCE AS EITHER AREAL COVERAGE (HERBS OR SHRUSS) OR BASAL AREA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE. ANO FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE PLOTS IN hMICH A SPECIES CCCURRED. IMPORTANCE VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES.
O l0 i 7 A-31 science services division l
O Table A-44 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Maple Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, May 1975 REL REL REL IMPORTANCE SPECIES DENSITY
- DEN DCMINANCE* DOM FREQUENCY
- FREQ VALUE HEROS ACER RUBRUM 10121 8.7 0 0 70 10.9 19.6 CIRCAEA QUADRISULCATA 11741 10.1 1090 11.2 60 9.4 30.7 (URNUS STOLONIFERA 2024 1.7 349 3.6 30 4.7 10.0 CRATAEGUS SP. 405 0.3 44 0.4 to 1.6 2.3 GERANIUM MACULATUM 6883 5.9 654 .7 to 1.6 14.2 GRAMINEAE 2429 2.1 87 .9 to 1.6 4.6 IMPATIENS OIFLORA 30769 26.4 3339 3. 0 30 4.7 66.1 LINDERA BENZOIN 6073 52 567 u.8 60 9.4 2U.4 PARTHENOCISSUS QUINQUEFOLIA 8907 7.6 654 6.7 50 7.8 22.1 PRUNUS SEROTINA 19028 16 3 2223 22.9 60 9.4 48.6 ROSA SP. 3239 2.8 305 3.1 40 6.3 12.2 SAMSUCUS CANADENSIS 405 0.3 131 1.3 10 1.5 3.2 SASSAFRAS ALBIOUM 2834 2.4 87 0.9 40 6.3 9.6 SMILACINA RACEMOSA 405 0.3 0 0 to 1.6 1.9 SMILAX ROTUNDIFLORA 1215 1.0 0 0 30 4.7 5.7 THALICTRUM POLYGONUM 405 0.3 44 0.4 10 1.6 2.3 UNIDENTIFIABLE - 3 SPECIES 4453 3.8 0 0 40 6.3 10.1 URTICA DIGICA 810 07 44 0.4 10 1.6 2.7 VIBURNUM DENTATUM 810 0.7 0 0 20 3.1 3.8 VIBURNUM LENTAGO 1215 1.0 44 0.4 to 1.6 3.0 VIOLA SP. 810 0.7 0 0 10 1.6 2.3 ZIZIA AUREA 010 0.7 0 0 10 1.6 2.3 TOTAL 116599 l
SHRUSS ACER RL'ORUM 283 31.0 2876 49.6 50 45.5 126.9 CORNUS STOLONIFERA 202 22.7 784 13.5 10 9.1 45.3 PRUNUS SEROTINA 283 31.8 1700 29.3 30 27.3 88.4 SASSAFRAS ALBIDUM 121 13.6 436 7.5 20 18.2 39.3 TOTAL 889 TREES ACER RUBRUM 194 70.6 55.1 64.9 70 41.2 176.7 i CRATAEGUS SP. 8 2.9 0.7 0.9 10 5.9 9.7 l PRUNUS SEROTINA 28 10.3 15.1 17.7 20 11.8 39.8 QUERCUS AL8A 8 2.9 1.6 1.9 to 5.9 10.7 l ROBINIA PSEUD 0 ACACIA 28 10.3 10.9 12.8 50 29.4 52.5 SASSAFRAS AL8IDUM 8 29 1.6 1.9 10 5.9 10.7 TOTAL 274
- DENSITY IS EXPRESSED AS NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS PER ACRE.COMINANCE AS EITHER AREAL COVERAGE (HERES CR SHRUSS) OR SASAL AREA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE, AND FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE PLOTS IN WHICH A SPECIES CCCURRED. IMPORTANCE VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES.
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-:m A-32 science services ditt
O d Table A-45 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1976 REL REL REL IMPORTANCE SPECIES DENSITY
- DEN DOMINANCE
- DOM FREQUENCY
- FREQ VALUE*
HER85 ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUA 7ICA 323 6.5 17 4.8 4 12.5 23.8 NUPHAR VARIEGATUM 3548 71.0 278 76.2 12 37.5 184.7 POLYGONUM COCCINEUM 161 3.2 17 4.8 4 12.5 20.5 PONTEDERIA CORDATA 484 9.7 35 9.5 4 12.5 31.7 POTAMOGETON SP. 323 6.5 17 4.8 4 12.5 23.8 TYPHA LATIFOLIA 161 3.2 0 0 4 12.5 15.7 TOTAL 5000
- DENSITY IS EXPRESSED AS NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS PER AC4E.00MINANCE AS EITHER AREAL COVERAGE (HERBS OR SHRUBS) OR 6ASAL AREA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE. AND FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE PLOTS IN hMICH A SPICIES OCCURRED. IMPORTANCE VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES.
Table A-46 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1976 REL REL REL IMPORTANCE SPECIES DENSITY
- DEN DOMINANCE
- DOM FREQUENCY
- FRE3 VALUE*
% HERBS q) ANDROPOGON SCOPARIUS 24291 2.8 741 2.5 10 1.3 6.6 APOCYNUM SP. 2429 0.3 131 0.4 to 1.3 2.0 ASCLEPIAS SP. 20243 23 305 1.0 to 1.3 4.6 CAREX SP. 97166 11.1 2528 8.5 80 10.3 29.9 CIRSIUM SP. 4049 05 131 0.4 30 3.3 4.7 CONVOLVULVUS SEPIUM 5263 0.6 44 0.1 20 2.6 3.3 EUPHORBIA COROLLATA 97287 0.8 174 0.6 to 1.3 2.7 FRAGARIA VIRGINIANA 2024 0.2 44 0.1 20 2.6 2.9 ANDROPOGON GERARDI 247368 28.2 8629 28.9 50 6.4 63.5 IMPATIENS BIFLORA 14575 1.7 479 1.6 to 1.3 4.6 IPOMOEA PURPUREA 810 0.1 44 0.1 to 1.3 1.5 IRIS VERSICOLOR 15385 1.8 741 2.5 20 2.6 6.9 JUNCUS SP. 26316 3.0 131 0.4 10 1.3 5.0 LACTUCA SP. 1619 0.2 44 0.1 20 2.6 2.9 LEERSIA VIRGINICA 138866 15 8 4620 15.5 40 5.1 36.4 ONOCLEA SENS!8LIS 12146 1.4 131 0.4 20 2.6 4.4 OXALIS STRICTA 4850 0.6 44 0.1 30 3.8 4.5 PANICUM COMMUTA6 UM 4049 0.5 44 0.1 30 3.8 4.4 POA SP. 32389 3.7 218 0.7 50 6.4 10.8 POLYGONUM SAGITT.TUM 6073 0.7 87 0.3 20 2.6 3.7 POTENTILLA SP. 5668 0.5 87 0.3 20 2.6 3.5 PYCNANTHEMUM VIRGINIANUM 810 0.1 0 0 to 1.3 1.4 RUQUS FLAGELLARIS 41296 4.7 5404 18.1 80 10.3 33.1 RUDBECKIA HIRTA 1619 0.2 0 0 10 1.3 1.5 RUMEX SP. 2024 0.2 44 0.1 to 1.3 1.6 SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS 405 0 0 0 to 1.3 1.3 SISYRINCHIUM SP. 3239 04 44 0.1 to 1.3 1.8 SOLIDACO SP. 7287 0.8 915 3.1 30 3.3 7.7 TEUCRIUM CANADENSE 11365 1.3 305 1.0 30 3.8 6.1 THELYPTERIS PALUSTRIS 113765 13.0 1656 5.5 30 3.8 22.3 TRADESCANTIA VIRGINIANA 810 0.1 44 0.1 to 1.3 1.5 UNIDENTIFIABLE - 1 SPECIFS 1215 01 0 0 20 2.3 2.7 ZIZIA AUREA 19838 2.3 2092 7.0 to 1.3 10.6 TOTAL 876518 b) b
- DENSITY IS EXPRESSED AS NUvaER OF INDIVIDUALS PER ACRE. DOMINANCE AS EITHER AREAL COVERAGE (HERBS OR SHRUBS) 04 BASAL AREA (TREES) IN FT PER ACRE. AND FREQUENCY AS PERCENT OF SAMPLE PLOTS IN hMICH A SPECIES OCCURRED. IMPORTANCE VALUE IS THE SUM OF THE THREE RELATIVE VALUES.
A-33 science services division
O Table A-47 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Beachgrass Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Rela tive Relative Relative Importance Species Densi ty* Density Domi nance
- Dominance Frecuency
- Frecuency Value*
Herb:; Amophila breviliquieta 342,781 100 17,250 100 10 100 300 Total 342,781 Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Imcortance value is the sum of the three relative values. Table A-48 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Foredune Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Rela ti ve Pelative Relati ve Importance Taxon Density
- Gensity Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Andropogon scoparius 329,831 78.1 5,924 65.0 80 16.3 159.4 Calamvilfa longifolia 18,212 4.3 261 2.9 70 14.3 21.5 Celestrus stancens 2,833 0.7 479 5.3 20 4.1 10.1 Comp.I 5,666 1.3 218 2.4 10 2.0 5.7 01 cot I 3,642 0.9 44 0.5 10 2.0 3.4 Euphorbia corollata 4,856 1.2 1 31 1.4 10 2.0 4.6 Kunnia sp. 1.619 0.4 44 0.5 10 2.0 2.9 Lithospermum carolinense 6,071 1.4 1 31 1.4 50 10.2 13.0 Mullugo verticillata 1,214 0.3 44 0.5 10 2.0 2.8 Panicum hrsacnucae 3,238 0.8 87 1.0 10 2.0 3.8 Parthenocissus quinquefolia 405 0.1 87 1.0 10 2.0 3.1 Quercus velutina 1,214 0.3 87 1.0 20 4.1 5.4 Rnus radicans 10,927 2.6 392 4.3 3f. 6.1 13.4 kTsi blanca 2.024 0.5 44 0.5 10 2.0 3.0 Eoiieckia hirta 3,238 0.8 174 1.9 20 4.1 6.8 Smilacina stellata 1,619 0.4 0 0 20 4.1 4.5 Solidago sp. 23,877 5.7 741 8.1 80 16.3 30.1 Tragopoon pratensis 405 0.1 0 0 10 2.0 2.1 vitis sp. 1,214 0.3 218 2.4 10 2.0 4.7 Total 422.105 Shrubs Quercus velutina 121 60.0 318 84.8 20 66.6 211.4 Tilia anericana 81 40.0 57 15.2 10 33.3 88.5 Total 202 Trees Pinus banksiana 8 20.0 1.4 20.3 20 33.3 73.6 Populus celtoides 4 9.9 1.3 26.1 10 16.7 52.7 Quercus velutina 4 9.9 0.5 7.2 10 16.7 33.8 Tilia americana 24 60.1 3.2 46.4 20 33.3 139.8 Total 40 Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. A-34 science services division
O c Table A-49 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Immature Oak Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Relative Relative Relative Importance Taxon Densitf* Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Carex sp. 161.475 64.1 1,437 39.2 60 10.7 114.0 Chenopodium standleyanum 2.024 0.8 0 0 20 3.6 4.4 Dicot II 809 0.3 0 0 10 1.8 2.1 Dicot !!! 405 0.2 44 1.2 10 1.8 3.2 Oraba sp. 4.047 1.6 0 0 20 3.6 5.2 Eupnorbia corollata 809 0.3 0 0 10 1.8 2.1 Galium sp. 405 0.2 C 0 10 1.8 2.0 Gramineae ! 809 0.3 0 0 10 1.8 2.1 Hamamelts virginiana 5.666 2.3 218 6.0 40 7.1 15.4 Helianthus microcepnalus 2.833 1.1 44 1.2 10 1.8 4.1 Hieracium sp. 405 0.2 44 1.2 10 1.8 3.2 Monarda fistulose 405 0.2 0 0 10 1.8 2.0 heptea cataria 809 0.3 44 1.2 10 1.8 3.3 Panicum huacnucae 405 0.2 0 0 10 1.8 2.0 Poa sp. 32.781 13.0 131 3.6 10 1.8 18.4 Fteridium aquilicum 6.880 2.7 479 13.1 50 8.9 24.7 Rosa sp. 3.642 1.4 131 3.6 20 3.6 8.6 liiius radicans 8.499 3.4 436 11.9 30 5.4 20.7 Yaisafras albidum 6.071 2.4 305 8.3 50 8.9 19.6 Smilax rotundifolia 1.214 0.5 44 1.2 30 5.4 7.1 Smilicina stellata 3.238 1.3 87 2.4 60 10.7 14.4 Solidaqo sp. 2.833 1.1 87 2.4 30 5.4 8.9 Tracescantia virginiana 2.024 0.8 44 1.2 10 1.8 3.8 pi Taramicum officinale 405 0.2 0 0 10 1.8 2.0 V Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Viola sp. 2.428 405 1.0 0.2 44 44 1.2 1.2 10 10 1.8 1.8 4.0 3.2 Total 251.726 Shrubs Hamamelis virginiana 1.457 60.0 3.792 33,9 50 29.4 123.3 Quercus velutina 364 15.0 2.659 23.7 50 29.4 68.1 Sassafras albidum 607 25.0 4.751 42.4 70 41.2 108.6 Total 2.428 Trees Ouercus alta 4 2.5 0.4 1.1 10 11 14.6 Quercus Etina 1 54 97.5 35.6 98.9 80 89 295.4 Total 158 Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
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A-35 science services division
f Table A-50 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Relative Relative Relative importance Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Acer rubrum 1,156 0.4 249 1.8 14 3.0 5.2 Carex sp. 156,099 54.2 2.987 22.0 78 15.1 91.3 Elli6spennum carolinense 6,360 2.2 0 0 29 6.2 8.4 Poa sp. 1,734 0.6 0 0 14 3.0 3.6 P'runus serotina 1,156 0.4 311 2.3 11 3.0 5.7 Pteridium aquilinum 578 0.2 124 0.9 14 3.0 4.1 2.313 0.8 187 1.4 43 9.1 11.3 QuercusvelutTna 15.6 Rdsa blanda 7,516 2.6 124 0.9 57 12.1 Rubus sp. 1,156 0.4 187 1.4 14 3.0 4.8 Sassafras albidum 2,313 0.8 871 6.4 29 6.2 13.4 siillinid siillit'a 13.297 4.6 0 0 57 12.1 16.7 Tipir5sTa s i 16Ti~na 578 0.2 0 0 14 3.0 3.2 Vic H nlum p_enns71viiicum 92,503 32.1 8,525 62.8 86 18.3 113.2 VT6Ta sp. 1,156 0.4 0 0 14 3.0 3.4 Total 287,915
> Shrubs bos Acer rubrum Prisus serotina 58 289 10.0 50.0 185 832 13.5 61.5 14 71 10.9 55.5 34.4 167.0 231 40.0 339 24.9 43 33.6 98.5 Quercus veTuttna.
Total 578 Trees Lindera benzoln 6 3.0 0.4 0.4 14 9.9 13.3 Prunus seFolini 12 6.0 2.0 2.2 14 9.9 18.1 Querc_uillba 12 6.0 2.2 2.4 14 9.9 18.3 Quercus vel 5 tina _ 168 85.0 86.8 95.0 100 70.4 250.3 Total 198 e Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and O frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Inportance value is the sum of the thre. relative values. t; 3 L5 O O. . r a o 11 7 5 3 O O O
O
,O, Table A-51 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Relative Relative Relative Importance Taxon Densitv' Oensity Dominance
- 00minance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Alnus sp. 5.203 1.0 747 5.0 14 1.7 7.7 Apios tuberosa 15.610 3.1 1,431 9.6 14 1.7 14.4 Aster sp. 578 0.1 0 0 14 1.7 1.8 Bldens comosa 6.360 1.3 311 2.1 29 3.5 6.9 Carex sp. 91.347 18.2 1,120 7.5 57 6.9 32.6 Chenopodium standleyana 578 0.1 0 0 14 1.7 1.8 Cornus stolonifera 2.891 0.6 187 1.3 29 3.5 5.4 Cystopteris fragalis 1,734 0.3 62 0.4 29 3.5 4.2 Fragaria virginiana 5.780 1.2 249 1.7 14 1.7 3.6 Galium apartne 1,734 0.3 0 0 14 1.7 2.0 Impatiens biflora 36,423 7.2 1.120 7.5 86 10.4 25.1 Leersia oryzoides 35,267 7.0 3.733 25.1 14 1.7 33.8 Lemna minor s73.443 34.5 871 5.9 14 1.7 42.1 Leptoloma cognatum 12.719 2.5 0 0 43 5.2 7.7 Maiantnemum canadense 13,875 2.8 ',* 187 1.3 43 5.2 9.3 Nepetea cataria 3,4(9 0.7 0 0 14 1.7 2.4 Onoclea E sibTis 23,701 4.7 498 3.3 43 5.2 13.2 Osmunda cinnamonea 23.125 4.6 " 1.805 12.1 43 5.2 21.9 Partnenocissus quinquefolia 8,672 1.7 498 3.3 57 6.9 11.9 1.7 2.6 Polygonum arifolium 578 124 0.8 14 Polypodiaceae 1 5.203 0.A
- 1. 0 0 14 1.7 2.7 Rhus vernix 1,1 % 0.Z 187 1.3 29 3.5 5.0 E iiucus canadensis 4.047 U.8 436 2.9 14 1.7 5.4 Sassafras albide 1.734 0.3 0 0 14 1.7 2.0 Solonum dulcamara 1,734 0.3 62 0.4 14 1.7 2.4 e 5~ympiocarpus foetidus 5.203 1.0 560 3.8 43 5.2 10.0 t inelypteris palustris 1.734 0.3 0 0 14 1.7 2.0 (
fg 4 Ulmas sp. 1.156 0.2 243 1.7 14 1.7 2.6 jQ Urticaceae i Viola sp. 12.719 4,625 2.5 0.9 436 0 2.9 0 43 29 5.2 3.5 10.ci 4.4 Total 502.402 Shrubs Acer rubrum 173 10.0 400 14.4 43 27.4 51.8 XTnus incana 173 10.0 152 5.5 29 18.5 34.0 Cornus stolonifera 636 36.7 862 31.1 43 27.4 95.2 Lindera benzoin 636 36.7 1.232 44.4 14 8.9 84.6 Rhus sp. 58 3.3 62 2.2 14 8.9 14.4 3D Tx nigra 58 3.3 62 2.2 14 8.9 14.4 Total 1,734 Trees Acer rubrum 104 49.8 30.9 52.5 86 40.2 142.5 Ee Wla lutea 35 16.8 4.6 7.8 43 20.1 44.7 Nyssa sylvatica 12 5.7 1.0 1.7 14 6.5 13.9 Prunus serotina 6 2.9 1.0 1.7 14 6.5 11.1 Salix nigra 29 13.9 18.6 31.6 43 20.1 65.6 Sassafras albidum 23 11.0 2.8 4.8 14 6.5 22.3 Total 209 Censity is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. (3 A-37 science services division
O Table A-52 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (0 pen) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Relative Relattve Relative importance Species Densi ty
- Density Dominance
- Dominance
- Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs < Bidens sp. 8,903 0.8 610 2.9 30 4.9 8.6 Boenmeria cyltadrjca 16.997 1.6 261 1.2 30 4.9 7.7 Convolvulus septum 6,475 0.6 479 2.3 10 1.6 4.5 Eta aronavil 10.522 1.0 0 0 40 6.6 7.6 Cystederis fragalis 405 0.0 0 0 10 1.6 1.6
- 011obium sp. 2,428 0.2 218 1.0 30 4.9 6.1
- upaterium purpureum 5,666 0.5 610 2.9 40 6.6 10.0
>patiens biflora 305.953 29.1 3,615 17.0 80 13.1 59.2 l.eeesta oryzoides 300,692 28.6 4, i '.8 !9.5 60 9.3 57.9 Pilea gumila 226,632 21.6 1,L4 7.4 50 8.2 37.2 Polygon E 11ttatum 32,781 3.1 915 4.3 30 4.9 12.3 Polygonum sp. 10,927 1.0 479 2.3 20 3.3 6.6 Rosa sp. 16,188 1.5 1.045 4.9 20 3.3 9.7 5oTanum cacotinense 6,880 0.7 392 1.8 10 1.6 4.1 5pires alea 25,901 2.5 2,439 11.5 10 1.6 15.6 Stacny a 26,710 2.5 479 2.3 30 4.9 9.7 En_a_s'iaTustris Tattfolia 44,112 1,619 4.2 0.2 3,964 0
18.7 0 90 20 14.8 3.3 37.7 3.5 D zta au m Total 1,049,791 Density is expressed as numr.er of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage :n square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of samle plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values. Table A-53 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Maple Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Rela tive Relative Relative Importance h Taxon Censity* Censity Dominance
- Cominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
Herbs Acer ruerum 6,880 8.8 0 0 60 11.8 20.6 GTe's sp. 405 0.5 218 4.5 10 2.0 7.0 circea alpina 1,285 9.3 653 13.6 10 2.0 24.9 Cornus stolonifera 405 0.5 1 31 2.7 10 2.0 5.2 Otcot IV 4,047 5.2 1 31 2.7 30 5.9 14.7 Galium acarine 405 0.5 0 0 10 2.0 2.5 Geranium maculafum 3,642 4.7 44 0.9 10 2.0 7.6 Geum re adense 4,047 5.2 131 2.7 30 5.9 14.7 Famise II 405 0.5 0 0 10 2.0 7.6 Impatiens biflora 14.569 18.7 174 3.6 70 13.7 36 .0 Lindera benzoin 2,833 3.6 479 10.0 40 7.8 21.4 TslErWra claytoni 405 0.5 0 0 10 ?.0 2.5 Parthenocissus quinquefolia 6,580 8.8 871 18.2 30 5.9 32.9 Prunella vulgaris 405 0.5 0 0 10 2.0 2.5 Prunus serotina 22,663 29.0 1,481 30.9 60 11.8 71.7 quercus ve;utina 405 0.5 0 0 10 2.0 2.5 Robinia pseedo-acacia 405 0.5 0 0 10 2.0 2.5 Rosa BTanda 2,428 3.1 523 10.9 50 9.8 23.3 FiTan nereacea 1,619 2.1 44 0.9 30 5.9 8.9 Urtica dioca 809 1.0 0 0 10 2.0 3.0 viburnum lentaga 405 0.5 0 0 10 2.0 2.5 Zizia aurea 405 0.5 44 0.9 10 2.0 3.4 Total 78,110 Shrubs Acer rubrum 445 68.8 1,045 64.9 30 50.0 183.7 FrWus serotina 202 31.2 566 35.1 30 50.0 116.3 Total 647 frees Acer rubrum 214 73.8 56.9 63.9 70 35.0 172.7 Trataegus crus-calli 8 2.8 .6 0.7 10 5.0 46.1 Prunus serotina 24 8.3 18.0 20.2 20 10.0 24.7 Quercus alba 8 2.8 1.7 1.9 40 20.0 33.5 Robinia pseudo-acacia 23 9.7 10.2 11.4 50 25.0 8.6 Sassafras albidum 8 2.8 1.7 1.9 10 5.2 9.7 Total 310 Censity is expressed as nurber of individuals per acre, dominance as areal covera 9e in squam feet cer acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Imocrtance value is the sum of the three relative values. A-38 science services division
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Table A-54 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Relative Relative Relative Importance Species Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency value*
Herbs Nuphar variegatum 4,209 46.4 994 82.5 16 44.0 172.9 Potomogeton sp. I 4,695 51.8 196 16.3 16 44.0 112.1 Potomogeton sp. !! 162 1.8 15 1.2 4 11.0 14.0 Total 9,066 Density is expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of samle plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relat!ve values. Table A-55 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Relative Relative Relative Importarce Species Densi ty* Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value*
[N Merbs Achillea millefolium 405 0.0 0 0 M 1.4 1.4 (V) Ambrosie artemestifolia 405 0.0 0 0 10 1.4 1.4 Andropogr~ 20J.206 27.3 6,360 20.6 60 8.3 56.2 Apocynv 809 0.1 436 1.4 10 1.4 2.9 Caren- 14,165 1.9 436 1.4 10 1.4 4.7 Caren s,. . 90,248 11.9 1,176 3.8 20 2.8 18.5 Cirsium arvense 4,452 0.6 218 0.7 30 4.2 5.5 r.onvol vuTuTTsit um 3,642 0.5 87 0.3 40 5.6 6.4 E torium purpureum 809 0.1 0 0 10 1.4 1.5
- uphorcia coronata 4,856 0.6 37 0.3 20 2.8 3.7 4 alium sp. 4,047 0.5 218 0.7 10 1.4 2.6 Helianthus giganteus 809 0.1 44 0.1 10 1.4 1.6 Hieracium canacense 405 0.0 0 0 10 1.4 1.4 Al omea purpurea 405 0.0 44 0.1 10 1.4 1.5 Iris Tersicolor 25,091 3.3 1.307 4.2 10 1.4 8.9 Ee~ersia cryzoides 152,167 20.0 4,138 13.4 40 5.6 39.0 Oenothera muricata 405 0.0 0 0 10 1.4 1.4 Onoclea sensiblis 19,021 2.5 828 2.7 50 7.0 12.2 Panicum clandestinum 13,760 1.8 523 1.7 30 4.2 7.7 Panicum huacnucae 3,642 0.5 0 0 30 4.2 4.7 Partnenocissus quinquefolia 809 0.1 0 0 10 1.4 1.5 Poa sp. 24,282 3.2 2,178 7.0 10 1.4 11.6 PoTyqonum o saqittatum 3.238 0.4 174 0.6 10 1.4 2.4 Potentilla canad nsis 3,642 0.5 174 0.6 10 1.4 2.5 Prunus sp. 405 0.0 44 0.1 10 1.4 1.5 Pycantnemum virginianum 1,214 0.2 0 0 10 1.4 1.6 Rubus flagellaris 56,2!3 7.4 8,40) 27.2 90 12.5 47.1 Rudbeckia nirta 3,238 0.4 87 0.3 20 2.8 3.5 Solidago altissima 13,760 1.8 653 2.1 10 1.4 5.3 Solidago graminifolia 2,024 0.2 653 2.1 10 1.4 3.7 Solidago sp. 14.570 1.9 653 2.1 20 2.8 6.8 Stachys hyssopifolia 2.428 0.3 131 0.4 10 1.4 2.1 inelypterus palustris 55,039 7.2 174 0.6 40 5.6 13.4 Tracescantia virginians 405 0.0 87 0.3 10 1.4 1.7 E n aurea 4,047 0.5 87 0.3 10 1.4 2.2 Total 759,218 Density is expresse$ as numcer of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and fregaency as percent of sample plots in wnich a species occurred. Importance valve is the sum of the three
(] relative values.
\v )
A-39 science services division
0 9 Table A-56 Plants Observed in Sedge Meadow Community, Bailly Study Area, July 1977 Scientific Name Common Name Acer rubrum Red maple Carex sp. Sedge Erigeron strigosus Daily fleab,ane Euphorbia_corollata Flowering spurge Hamamelis virginiana Witch-hazel Hieracium sp. Hawkweed Monarde fistulosa
- Wild bergamot Monarda punctata
- Horsemint Panicum sg. Panic grass Pinus banksiana Jack pine Poa sp. Bluegrass Prunus serotina Black cherry Pteridium aquilinum Bracken fern Quercus velutina Black oak Rosa blanda Pale rost Sassafras albidum Sassafra.
Smilacina stellata Starry 'alse-solomon's-seal Tephrosia virginiana Goat's rue Tradescantia virginiana. Spiderwort Vaccinium pennsylvanicum_ Lowbush blueberry Vitis sp. Wild gripe
- Observed for first time.
O A-40 science services division
o {} V Table A-57 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Beachgrass C mlunity Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Total Total Relative Relative Relative
- Importance
- Taxon Observations Dominance Density
- Density Dostaaace* Dominance Frequency Frequency Value Annophila brev111gulats 1.570 442 756.789 100 19.247 100 10 100 300 Total 756.789
*DepeMy le expressed as number of indiv14uals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre and frequency as percent of sample piste La which a species occurred. Importance value is the sua of the thrte relative values.
Table A-58 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Foredune Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative importance* Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequev;y Value Herts Amophile brev111091sta 3.238 0.5 44 0.2 30 4.8 5.5 Is j 4ndronoaon stecarius 475.118 74.4 6.706 36.9 100 16.1 127.4 Asclectas t.nerosa 405 0.1 44 0.2 10 1.6 1.9 calamovtifa forat elia 47.755 . 7.5 1.263 7.0 70 11.3 25.8 Celastrus scancens 3.642 0.6 3.179 17.5 30 4.8 22.9 camoesitae 1 2.024 0.3 348 1.9 20 3.2 5.4 O Ei 1 405 0.1 tr tr 10 1.6 1.7 Drsba sp. 2.428 0.4 te tr 20 3.2 3.6 Eaonorbia cere11ata 3.642 0.6 523 2.9 20 3.2 6.7 Hanspwlis virginiana 405 0.1 1 31 0.7 10 1.6 2.4 kuhnia sp. 405 0.1 87 0.5 10 1.6 2.2 Lithospeme carolinense 31.162 4.9 523 2.9 40 6.5 14.3 Fanicum huaChucae 3.238 0.5 87 0.5 10 1.6 2.6 FarthenoCissus quinquefolia 405 0.1 348 1.9 10 1.6 3.6 Quercus velutina 405 J.1 44 0.2 10 1.6 1.9 Rhus radicans 16.593 2.6 1.611 8.9 50 8.1 19.6 E s blanda ?.238 0.5 174 1.0 10 1.6 3.1 Gd5eckia hirta 1.214 0.2 87 0.5 to 1.6 2.3
';alia sp. 2.024 0.3 218 1.2 10 1.6 3.1 UTITeina racemosa 3.238 0.5 87 0.5 10 1.6 2.6 Solidago graHnifolia 3.642 0.6 1.176 6.5 10 1.6 8.7 solidago sp. 30.353 4.1 1.002 5.5 80 12.9 23.1 Tradescantia virginiana 405 0.1 87 0.5 to 1.6 2.2 verbascum"TF4psus 809 0.1 87 0.5 20 3.2 3.8 VTtis sp. 2.833 0.4 305 1.7 10 1.6 3.7 Total 639.026 Shrubs Overcus velutina 121 60 2.700 88.5 10 50.0 101.5 TTTTa americana 1 40 348 11.5 10 50.0 198.5 Total 202 Trees pinus banksiana 8 20 1.5 21.1 20 33.3 74.4 P6puTus deltoides 4 10 1.9 26.8 10 16.7 53.5 Quercus velutina A 10 0.6 8.5 10 16.7 35.2 Tilia americaae E 60 3.1 43.7 20 33.3 137.0 Total 40
- Density entressed as number of individuals per acre. dominance as areal coverage, in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is tne sum of the three relative values.
p tr o trace i' A-41 science services division
o o O Table A-59 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Immature Oak Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Impo' *ance* Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Herbs Acer rubrum 2,428 0.7 44 0.4 20 2.9 4.0 Fyiphyta"" - - 827 7.3 10 1.5 -
Carex pennsylvanica 183,329 52.7 1.132 10.0 70 10.3 73.0 Chenopodium standleyanum 2,024 0.6 tr tr 10 1.5 2.1 Cornus florida 405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 Dicot II 405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 Draba sp. 2,024 0.6 tr tr 70 2.9 3.5 Euphorbia corollata 3,642 1.0 87 0.8 20 2.9 4.7 Graminae I 17,402 5.0 131 1.2 10 1.5 7.7 Hamamelis virginiana 4,047 1.2 305 2.7 50 7.4 11.3 Helianthus microcepnalus 405 0.1 44 0.4 'O 1.5 2.0 Kricia sp. 405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 Monarda fistulosa 1,214 0.3 tr tr 10 1.5 1.8 Panicum haucnucae 4,452 1.3 44 0.4 ~0 4.4 6.1 Poa sp. 75,274 21.7 348 3.1 10 1.5 26.3 Fieridium aquilinum 6,475 1.9 4.834 42.8 50 7.4 52.1 7.4 19.7
~
Rnus radTeans 8,903 2.6 1,089 9.7 50 Fosa'blanda 6,475 1.9 174 1.5 20 2.9 6.3 YaisaFaTalbidum 5.261 1.5 1,045 9.3 50 7.4 18.2 Smilax rotundifolia 809 0.2 131 1.2 20 2.9 4.3 Smt11cina stellata 6.880 2.0 392 3.5 70 10.3 15.8 Solidago sp. 7,285 2.1 261 2.3 60 8.8 13.2 Taranacum officinale 405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 Tracescantia virginiana 3,238 0.9 87 0.8 30 4.4 6.1 Vaccint>m pennsylvanicum 2,024 0.6 131 1.2 10 1.5 3.3 Viola sp. 2,428 0.7 tr tr 10 1.5 2.2 Total 347,639 Shrubs Har selis virginiana 1 .376 65.4 6,708 54.0 60 40.0 159.4 Quercus velutina 283 13.5 1,263 10.2 30 20.0 43.7 Sassafra N b T m 445 21.2 4,443 35.8 60 40.0 97.0 Total 2,104 Trees Quercus alba 4 2.3 0.3 0.8 10 9.1 12.2 Quercus veTutica 168, 97.7 33.2 99.2 100 90.9 237.8 Total 172
- Density expressed as number of individuals per acre. dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of samole plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
** Calculations for dominance, relativ dominance, frequency, and relative frequency only.
tr = trace O A42 science services division
/3 O, O
N) O O Table A-60 o Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Importance* Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Herbs Acer rubrum 578 0.1 497 2.7 14 2.5 5.3 Carex pennsylvanica 298,898 70.4 2.796 15.4 57 10.3 96.1 Dicotolydonae sp. 578 0.1 tr tr 14 2.5 2.6 Fraxinus sp. 578 0.1 tr tr 14 2.5 2.6 Hamame1Ts virginiana 1,734 0.4 tr tr 14 2.5 2.9 Lithospermum carolinense 3,469 0.8 tr tr 14 2.5 3.3 Poa sp. 8,672 2.0 tr tr 43 7.7 9.7 Prunus serotina 10,985 2.6 1,119 6.2 43 7.7 16.5 Quercus velutina 1,734 0.4 311 1.7 43 7.7 9.8 Itosa blanda 5,781 1.4 249 1.4 43 7.7 10.5 2.5 Rubus ilT Eheniensis 578 0.1 124 0.7 14 3.3 Sassafras albidum 578 0.1 62 0.3 14 2.5 2.9 Smilax rotuiidTfoTia 2,891 0.7 2,051 11.3 43 7.7 19.7
> Smilicina stellata 13,875 3.3 621 3.4 57 10.3 17.0 Solidago sp. 1,156 0.3 tr tr 14- 2.5 2.8 C Tephrosia virginiana 1,156 0.3 tr tr 14 2.5 2.8 Vaccinium penasylvanicum 71,111 16.8 10,315 56.8 100 18.0 91.6 fotal 424,352 Shrubs Acer rubrum 347 30.0 '585 20.6 57 32.2 82.8 FrEus serotina 463 40.0 1,478 52.2 57 32.2 124.4 Quercus velutina 289 25.0 708 25.0 43 24.3 74.3 Sassafras a15Tdum 58 5.0 62 2.2 20 11.3 18.5 Total 1,157 0
0 Trees 3 Lindera benzoin 6 3.0 0.4 0.4 14 8.9 12.3 y Prunus serotina 17 8.4 2.6 2.6 14 8.9 19.9 0 Quercus ilba 23 11.4 2.1 2.1 29 18.5 32.0 o Quercus velutina 156 77.2 94.4 94.9 100 63.7 235.8 Total 202 E O
- Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and U frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three 9: relative values.
h tr = trace G 3
Table A-61 o Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative luportance* Taaon Density
- Density Duninance* Dominance Frequenc y* Frequency Value Herbs Betula lutea 578 0.1 373 1.2 14 2.3 3.6 Caren sp. 60,127 9.2 808 2.7 29 4.7 16.6 lb'r6us stolonifera 4,047 0. 6 146 2.5 57 9.3 12.4 Cyiftojteris f@ Tis 4,625 0.7 62 0.2 14 2.3 3.2 GaTlum~ijirthe 578 0.1 62 0.2 14 2.3 2.6 Cesin cahadense 7,516 1.2 124 0.4 14 2.3 3.9 leistleniblfTora 55,501 8.5 1,988 6.6 88 14.3 29.4
[ablitie' 29,485 4.5 1.367 4.5 29 4.7 13.7 [~ecisli oryzoides 104,643 16.0 2,858 9.5 29 4.7 30.2 lemna al6br 208.130 31. 9 1,429 4.7 14 2.3 38.9 MITan theKK canadense 42,204 6.5 870 2.9 14 2.3 11.7 onoifsi iesslblli-
~
38,135 5. 9 2.361 7.8 14 2.3 16.0 Od uhda cinnimusea 22,547 3.5 3,107 10.3 29 4.7 18.5 Panicum sp. 4,047 0. 6 tr tr 29 4.7 5.3 Piitihnocissus quin g olia-- 578 0.1 373 1.2 14 2.3 3. 6 Pslygonum ariToTium 13,297 2.0 994 3. 3 14 2.3 7.6 N s ve'rnia 578 0.1 62 0.2 14 2.3 2.6 blin~nigE 578 0.1 tr tr 14 2.3 2.4
$bli6unidulcamara 578 e.1 62 0.2 14 2.3 2.6
$~yu@loca r[Es~ fikt idus 16,187 2.5 3,91 5 13.0 57 9.3 24.8 blaus rubri 2,313 0.4 62 02 14 2.3 2.9 3* Drtice dI5ca 5,203 0.8 373 1.2 43 7.0 9.0 1 Ortui urens 21, % 9 3. 4 7,64 3 25.4 14 2.3 31.1
$ Orilca sp.
[Iolasp. 6,938 _.1,734 1.1 0.3 497 tr 1.6 tr 14 14 2.3 2.3 5.0 2.6 lotal 652,781 Shrubs Acer rubrum 176 5.1 46,2 11.3 43 17.6 34.0 A16us~1ncina 58 2.5 123 3.0 29 11.8 17.3 Cornus ~st5linifera 867 18.5 1,324 32.3 57 23.3 94.1 OsJera l'enidiF~ 752 33.4 1,632 39.8 29 11.8 85.0 N i ridlcans 58 2.5 123 3. 0 29 11.8 17.3 Rhus vernlu- 231 10.3 3 39 8.3 29 11.8 30.4
%)i= hljd
~
__ 50 7.7 92 2.3 29 11.8 21.8 total 2,140 0 Trees d A er rubrum 110 55.6 29.0 58.9 86 43.2 151.7
~Ftula lutea B 35 17.7 5.0 10.2 43 21.6 49.5 3 hyssa sylvatica 12 6.1 1.1 2.2 14 7.0 15.3
- ? Frunuisirbilni 6 3. 0 1.1 2.2 14 7. 0 12.2 G silla nlya 6 3.0 5.6 11.4 14 7.0 21.4
. $4ssafras albidum 23 11.6 3.0 6.1 14 7.0 24.7 H, Oldu Crubra 6 3.0 4.4 8.9 14 7.0 18.9 total ) 198
- Density empressed as nundser of individuals per acre, dominance as areal ccverage in square feet per acre, and f requtncy as percer t of san &ie plots in which a species occurred. Ipportance value is the sum of
{j the three relative values. Q. tr = trace k M hh 3 e O O
b v Table A-62 Density Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Cowles Bog (0 pen) Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Importance* Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Dominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Herbs Bidens sp. 2,024 0.1 tr tr 20 3.6 3.8 Convolvulus sepium 7,689 0.7 522 1.7 10 1.8 4.2 Cuscuta gronavii 8.094 0.8 44 0.1 40 7.1 8.0 Cystopteris fraca11s 405 <0.1 tr tr 10 1.8 1.8 Eupatorium mur reum 4,452 0.4 609 2.0 10 1.8 4.2 Impattens biflora 331.854 30.8 5,003 16.1 80 14.3 61.2 Leerzia oryzoides 342,376 31.8 4,916 15.8 70 12.5 60,1 Pilee pumila 168.760 15.7 1,436 4.6 50 8.9 29.2 FolyTonum sagittatum 45,326 4.2 7,091 22.9 60 10.7 37.8 Irisa sp. 9.308 0.9 653 2.1 10 1.8 4.8 foTinum carolinense 4,452 0.4 348 1.1 10 1.8 3.3 5tacnys palustris 25.901 2.4 5,307 17.1 40 7.1 26.6 I ha latifolia 107,246 10.0 4,698 15.1 100 17.9 43.0 rt ca sp. 17.402 1.6 305 1.0 30 5.4 8.0 lizia aurea 2.428 0.2 87 0.3 20 3. 6 4.1 T tal 1,077,717
- Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
tr
- trace Table A-63 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for O Maple Forest Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Importance*
Taxon Censity* Density Dominance
- Cominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Herbs Acer rub:um 5.666 6.1 44 0.5 50 11.9 18.5 5 7eu s3 3.238 3.5 tr tr 10 2.4 5.9 Circaea aloina 10,522 11.3 392 4.3 10 2.4 18.0 CorEflorida 3,238 3.5 44 0.5 30 7.1 11.1 Galium ap r t ne, 405 0.4 tr tr 10 2.4 2.8 Geum canadense 7,689 8' 783 8.5 10 2.4 19.2 5Tecoma rederacea 2.428 2.o tr tr 20 4.8 7.4 Impatiens biflora 14.569 15.7 1,436 15.6 50 11.9 43.2 Lindera benzoin 5,666 6.1 1 , 001 10.9 30 1.1 24.1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia 11,736 12.6 653 7.1 30 7.1 26.8 Prunus serotina 19,830 21.3 3,828 41.7 50 11.9 74.9 Quercus velutina 405 0.4 tr tr 10 2.4 2.8 Rosa blanda 4,452 4.8 566 6.2 30 7.1 18.1 TinTeula n trifoliata 405 0.4 tr tr 10 2.4 2.8 Smilax herbacea 405 0.4 tr tr 10 2.4 2.8 WITTeina racemosa 1,214 1.? 1 31 1.4 30 7.1 9.8 Urtica dioca 405 0.4 174 1.9 10 2.4 4.7 Zizia aures S09 0.9 131 1.4 20 4.8 7.1 N1 93,082 Shrubs Acer rubrum 160 21.0 3,528 41.7 60 54.5 117.2 CoFus florida 40 5.3 174 2.1 20 18.2 25.6 Prunus serotina f.11 73.7 4,751 56.2 30 27.3 157.2 7td 761 ;
l Trees Acer rubrum 202 72.7 62.79 66.6 80 44.4 183.7 I C7ataegus crus-galli 8 2.9 1.1 1.2 10 5.6 9.7 l Prunus serotina 24 8.6 16.8 17.8 20 11.1 37.5 quercus alba 8 2.9 1.7 1.8 10 5.6 10.3 Robinia psEdo-acacia 28 10.10 10.2 10.8 50 27.8 48.7 Sassafras albtde J 2.9 1.7 1.8 10 5.6 10.3 g Total 278
- Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
tr
- trace A-45 science services division
O \ Table A-64 h Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Emergent Macrophyte Community Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Impo rtance* Taxon Censity* Density Dominance
- Cominance Frequency
- Frecuency Value Nuphar variegatum 9,066 90.3 768 92.8 0.28 77.8 260.9 Potamogeton sp. 971 9.7 60 7.2 0.08 22.2 39.1 Total ?0,037
*Dersit/ expressed as number of individaals per acre, deinance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
Table A-65 Censity, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for g Transmission Corridor Vegetation, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Importance* Taxon Density
- Density Dominance
- Cominance Frequency
- Frequency Value Herbs Achilles millefo1fum 2,024 0.1 131 0. 3 20 3.5 3.9 Ar.arcpogon gerardi 686,776 47.6 14,616 35.3 70 12.3 95.2
/.coc r um medium 1,214 0.1 348 0. 8 10 1.8 2.7 Caren sp. 61.514 4.3 261 0.6 10 1.8 6. 7 Lirctum arvense 1,61 9 0.1 218 0.5 20 3.5 4.1 DTc o tylea donae 809 0.1 37 0.2 10 1.8 2.1 Fragaria virginiana 809 0.1 44 0.1 10 1.8 2.0 Heliantnus cicanteus 1,214 0.1 261 0.6 10 1.8 2. 5 Iris versicolor 21,449 1.5 1.1 31 2.7 10 1.8 6.0
[acTuca canadensis 405 <0.1 44 0.1 10 1.8 1.9 Leersia oryzoides 307,977 21.3 5,046 12.2 40 7.0 40.5 cenothera muricata 405 <0.1 348 0.8 10 1.8 2.6 Onoclea sensiblis 12.950 0.9 1,523 3.7 30 5.3 9.9 Fanicsa clandestinum 15,783 1.1 435 1.1 30 5.3 7.5 Tarthenocissus auinquefolia 3,642 0. 3 261 0. 6 10 1.8 2.7
.'oa sn. 25,496 1.8 392 0.9 20 3.5 6.2 F6Tygonum sagittatum 809 0.1 44 0.1 10 1.8 2.0 sycantre w virqinianum 7,285 0.5 5,568 13.5 20 3.5 17.b RM flage11aris 53,016 3.7 3,915 9.5 90 15.8 29.0 Rudbeckia nieta 3.238 0.2 174 0.4 20 3.5 4.1 solicago graminifolia 98,342 6.8 1,001 2.4 20 3.5 12.7 Solidaqo sp. 4,452 0.3 522 1.3 30 5.3 6.9 Thelypterus palustris 123,434 8.5 4,350 10.5 40 7.0 26.0 Tradescantia virginiana 4,856 0.3 1 31 0.3 10 1.8 2.4 Zizia aures 4,49? 0. 3 522 1.3 10 1.8 3.4 n o tal 1,443,970 *:ensity expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.
O A-46 science services divleic"
-- - .- .- - . ~ _ - _ _ . _ _ _ _ - -
I O i 1 APPENDIX B ANNOTATED LIST OF MA> DIAL SPECIES REPORTED FROM BAIILY STUDY AREA, MAY, JULY, AND OCTOBER 1979 O i O science services division
,\
O [ U APPENDIX B Annotated List of Mammal Species Reported from Bailly Study Area, May, July, and October 1979 Opossum, Didelphis marsupialis Tracks were reported from Cowles Bog (wooded and open), maple forest, and emergent macrophyte sampling locations. Short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda The short-tailed shrew was captured from all trapping locations except the immature oak forest. Masked shrew, Sorex cinereus The masked shrew was captured in beachgrass, Cowles Bog (wooded), and transmission corridor communities. Eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus Mole tunneling was observed in Cowles Bog (open and wooded), maple forest, and transmission corridor communities. Eastern cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus floridanus (,s) Cottontails were reported from all sampling locations except the Cowles Bog (wooded) and emergent macrophyte communities. Eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus Chipmunks were captured in all three wooded sampling locales. The chipmunk appeared more abundant in the wooded bog than in other locations. Woodchuck, Marmota monax Woodchuck dens were reported in the immature oak forest and Cowles Bog. Sightings took place in the wooded bog and the maple forest. Fox squirrel, Sciurus niger Fox squirrel sightings were made in all three wooeed sampling locales and along the edge of the emergent macrophyte locale. They were most numerous in the wooded bog. Red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus This small, arboreal squirrel was sighted and trapped in all three wooded sampling locales. Muskrat, Ondatra zibethica One sighting of this species occurred in May and October in the emergent macrophyte community. f-~\ L' .J B-1 science services division
o O White-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus The white-footed mouse was trapped along all five assessment lines. It was the most abundant species captured in forested habitats. Meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow voles were captured only in nonforested trapping locations during October. Meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonicus Jumping mice were captured in the beachgrass and transmission corridor communities during October. Raccoon, Procyon lotor Tracks of the raccoon were found in all sampling locations; the most sightings took place in the wooded bog. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus Deer tracks and/or other signs (e.g. scrcpes) were noticed in all sampling locations except the emergent macrophyte community. The maximum number of sightings in any 1979 survey period was two. O O B-2 science services division
O I APPENDIX C 1974-1979 CHECKLIST AND 1979 ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRD SPECIES OBSERVED IN BAILLY STUDY AREA j i i l l l I I l lO science services division
Table C-1 Checklist of Birds Reported from the Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Common Loon
- Ruddy Turnstone
- Horned Grebe *American Woodcock
- Pied-t~11ed Grebe Common Snipe
- Double-crested Cormorant
- Spotted Sandpiper
- Great Blue Heron Solitary Sandpiper
- Green Heron Greater Yellowlegs
- Great Egret
- Lesser Yellowlegs Black-crowned Night Heron Pectoral Sandpiper Least Bittern *Least Sandpiper American Bittern Dunlin
- Canada Goose Long-billed Dowitcher
- Snow Goose Semipalmated Sandpiper
- Mallard
- Saaderling
- Black Duck Great Black-backed Gull
*Gadwall
- Herring Gull
- Pintail
- Ring-billed Gull
- Green-winged Teal Bonaparte's Gull
- Blue-winged Teal
- Common Tern
*American Wigeon
- Caspian Tern
- Northern Shoveler
- Rock Dove e
- Wood Duck
- Mourning Dove Redhead
- Yellow-billed Cuckoo
- Ring-necked Duck Black-billed Cuckoo Greater Scaup
- Screech Owl Lesser Scaup Great Horned Owl Common Goldeneye
- Barred Owl Bufflehead Whip-poor-will White-winged Scoter *Comon Nighthawk Ruddy Duck
- Chimney Swift Hooded Merganser Ruby-throated Hummingbird
- Common Merganser
- Belted Kingfisher Red-breasted Merganser *Comon Flickce Turkey Vulture
- Red-bellied Woodpecker Sharp-shinned Hawk
- Red-headed Woodpecker
- Red-tailed Hawk
- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-shouldered Hawk
- Hairy Woodpecker Rough-legged Hawk
- Downy Woodpecker
*Broadwinged Hawk
- Eastern Kingbird Marsh Hawk Great Crested Flycatcher l
*American Kestrel
- Eastern Phoebe Bobwhite Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
- Ring-necked Pheasant Acadian Flycatcher
- Virginia Rail Willow Flycatcher
*Sora Alder Flycatcher Yellow Rail *Least Flycatcher
- Common Gallinule Olive-sided Flycatcher
*/merican Coot
- Eastern Wood Pewee 7 Semipalmated Plover Horned Lark (V
- Killdeer
- Tree Swallow Black-bellied Plover
- Bank Swallow Rough-winged Swallow
*0bserved in 1979 C-1 scistsee services division
O Table C-1 (Contd)
- Barn Swallow Black-throated Green Warbler Cliff Swallow Cerulean Warbler Purple Martin Blackburnian Warbler
- Blue Jay
- Chestnut-sided Warbler
- Common Crow Bay-breasted Warbler
- Black-capped Chicadee Blackpoll Warbler
*Tuf ted Titmouse
- Palm Warbler
- White-breasted Nuthatch
- 0venbird Red-breasted Nuthatch Northern Waterthrush
- Brown Creeper Louisiana Waterthrush
- House Wren Kentucky Warbler Winter Wren Connecticut Warbler Carolina Wren Mourning Warbler Long-billed Marsh Wren
- Common Yellowthroat
*Short-billed Marsh Wren Yellow-breasted Chat Mockingbird Hooded Warbler
- Gray Catbird
- Wilson 's Warbler
- Brown Thrasher
- Canada Warbler
*American Robin *American Redstart
- Wood Thrush
- House Sparrow
- Hermit Thrush Bobolink
*Swainson's Thrush Eastern Meadowlark
- Gray-cheeked Thrush a
- Veery
- Red-winged Blackbird Northern Oriole W
Eastern Bluebird
- Rusty Blackbird
- Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
- Common Grackle
- Golden-crowned Kinglet
- Brown-headed Cowbird
- Ruby-crowned Kinglet Scarlet Tanager
- Cedar Waxwing
- Cardinal Northern Shrike
- Rose-breasted Grosbeak
- Starling Indigo Bunting
- White-eyed Vireo Purple Finch Yellow-throated Vireo *American Goldfinch Solitary Vireo
- Rufous-sided Towhee
- Red-eyed Vireo
- Savannah Sparrow Philadelphia Vireo Leconte's Sparrow
- Warbling Vireo
- Dark-eyed Junco
- Black-and-white Warbler
- Tree Sparrow Golden-winged Warbler
- Chipping Sparrow Blue-winged Warbler
- Field Sparrow Tennessee Warbler
- Grasshopper Sparrow Orange-crowned Warbler
- White-crowned Sparrow Nashville Warbler
- White-throated Sparrow Northern Parula
- Fox Sparrow
- Yellow Warbler Lincoln's Sparrow
- Magnolia Warbler
- Swamp Sparrow Black-throated Blue Warbler
- Song Sparrow
- Yellow-rumped Warbler Snow Bunting O
C-2 science services division
o q V Table C-2 Annotated List of Bird Species Observec in the Bailly Studf Site Vicinity, May, July, and October 1979 Horned Grebe, Podiceps auritus (migrant) One individual was observed on Pond B during October, while three individuals were observed in the discharge area (sampling location J). Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (summer resident) Pied-billed Grebes were observed on ponds A and B during May, and on Pond B during October. Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus (migrant) Two individuals were s ighted on Lake Pichigan north of the beachgrass locale. This species is on the 1979 " Blue List" (Arbib 1978). Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias (summer resident) Several individuals were sighted in Pond D and the discharge area. Green Heron, Butorides virescens (summer resident) {] This species was sighted on four ponds during 1979. Sightings were also reported in the open bog near Cowles Bog trail. Great Egret, Casmerodius albus (summer resident) An individual was observed in ponds C and D during October. Canada Goose, Branta canadensis (summer resident) One individual was observed on Pond B and three were observed on Pond E. A flock was observed at the discharge in October. Snow Goose, Chern caerulescens (migrant) , An individual was observed on Pond C during October. Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (summer resident) The Mallard was one of the most common and widely distributed ducks inhabitating aquatic areas on the study site. Mallards appeared somewhat less abundant than during past years. Black Duck, Anas rubripes (migrant) This species was not reported during May, but four individuais were seen on Pond C during October. They are rarely as common as Mallards. Gadwall, Anas strepera (migrant) (j A flock of 19 Gadwalls was sighted on Pond C during October. The Gadwall is an infrequent vistor of water bodies on the study area. C-3 science services division
o Table C-2 (Contd) Pintail, Anas acurta (migrant) A flock of 10 Pintails was observed on Pond C during October. Like the Gadwall, this is an infrequent visitor on the study area. Green-winged Teal, _Anas crecca (migrant) The Green-winged Teal was the most abundant duck on the site during October; approximately 150 used Pond C. Blue-winged Teal, Anas discolor (summer resident) The Blue-winged Teal, although abundant, was less abundant in the study area than was the Green-winged Teal. American Wigeon, Anas americana (migrant) This species was observed on ponds A, B, and C during October. The largest flock totaled 34. Northern Shovler, Anas clypeata (migrant) Two individuals sere observed on Pond E during October. Wood Duck, Aix sponsa (summer resident) Small numbers of Wood Duck were observed on five ponds during October 1979. Ring-necked Duck, Aythya collaris (migrant) One Ring-necked Duck was observed feeding on Pond G during May. Common Merganser, Mergus merganser (migrant) A flock of 10 Common Mergansers was observed on Pond D during May, and small numbers were observed in the outfall during both May and October. Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis (permanent resident) One individual was observed feeding over the transmission corridor during May. Broad-winged Hawk, Buteo platypterus (permant resident) One individual was observed during May. American Kestrel, Falco sparverius (permanent resident) An individual was observed soaring over the open bog during October. Ring-necked Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (permanent resident) Several birds were heard during May in the open bog; none were sighted on the road route. Ring-necked Pheasant populations are down over most of the north-central states, primarily because o f two conse cut ive (1978, 1979) severe winters. g C-4 science services division
O U[~'N Table C-2 (Contd) Sora, Porzana carolina (summer resident) Soras were sighted along the shoreline of ponds F and G during May. Common Gallinule, Gallinula chloropus (summer resident) Two individuals were observed in the open bog during May. American Coot, Fulica americana (summer resident) American Coot was among the most abundant and widely distributed aquatic species on the site. The greatest numbers occurred in ponds B, C, and G. The highest count was 29 in Pond C during October. Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus (summer resident) Killdeer occurred along the sandy beach of Lake Michigan adjacent to the out fall during May and October. Ruddy Turnstone, Arenaria interpres (migrant) Turnstones were sighted along the shoreline of Lake Michigan north of the beachgrass community during May and October. American Woodcock, Philohela minor (summer resident) ()T
% One individual was noted along Cowles bog trail during October.
Spotted Sandpiper, Actitis macularia (summer resident) Two individuals we te sighted along the beach area during May. Lesser Yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (migrant) Four Yellowlegs vere sighted along the bank of Pond G during May. Least Sandpiper, Calidris cinutilla (sunmer resident) A flock of six Least Sandpipers was reported along the beach adjacent to the outfall in October. Herring Gull, Larus argertatus (migrant / winter resident) Spring and fall musimum counts for the Lake Michigan beach area were 39 in May and 16 in October. Gulls generally occur only along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Ring-billed Gull, Larus delawarensis (permansat resident) A maximum of 218 Sirds was counted along the beach of Lake Michigan during May, and 132 birds were tallied during October. Common Tern, Sterna hirundo (migrant) f 'T Twelve Common Terns were observed resting along the beacn at the outfall () s_ during May. C-5 science services division
O Table C-2 (Contd) O Caspian Tern, Hydroprogne caspia (migrant) Eight Caspian Terns were observed resting with the Common Terns and gulls noted above. Rock Dove, Columba livia (permanent resident) Rock Doves were most commonly observed during the July road survey. Mourning Dove, Zenaida macroura (permanent rerident) Two more Mourning Doves were sighted during the July roadside survey (5) than during the May survey (3). Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americany (suma:er resident) An individual was sighted along the road route in July. Screech Owl, Otus asio (permanent resident) An individual of this small owl species was heard calling at the edge of Cowles Sog in October. The Screech Owl is one of the most noctournal of North American owls (Van Camp and Henny 1975) . Barred Owl, Strix varia (permanent resident) One sighting occurred along Cowles Bog trail in May and October. Common Nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (summer resident) Numerous individuals of this aerial predator of insects were observed flying over the study area in May, Chimney Swi f t , Chaetura pelagica (summer resident) Various numbers were observed hawking for insects @ver the open bog during May and July. Belted Kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (permacent resident) Belted Kingfishers were sighted in both May and October. All sightings were near water. Common Flicker, Colaptes auratus (permanent resident) This species was seen sporadically in wooded sampling locations. Red-bellied Woodpecker, Centurus carolinus (permanent resident) Severl observations were made along the road route during May. Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (permanent resident) Red-headed Woodpeckers were most common in dead timber in the open bog. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius (permanent resident) Several were observed during May and October in the wooded bog. C-6 science services division
'~
Table C-2 (Contd) Hairy Woodpecker, Dendrocopos villosus (permanent resident) The Hairy Woodpecker was observed in the study area only in October. Downy Woodpecker, Dendrocopos pubescens (permanent resident) This fairly common woodpecker species was recorded from woodlands over the study area. Woodpeckers are generally not Astructive to healthy trees, but instead make cavities in trees that have been previously damaged by insects, disease, fires, or storms (Hardin and Evans 1977). Eastern Kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus (summer resident) This species was sighted in wet habitats in May and was most numerous around ponds. Eastern Phoebe, Sayornis phoebe (summer resident) This early-arriving and late-departing summer res ident was seen on the study area in May. Least Flycatcher, Empidonax minimum (summer resident) p One individual was observed in edge habitat along Cowles Bog trail in
'V May.
Eastern Wood Pewee, Contopus virens (summer resident) Two observations of this woodland flycatcher were recorded in May, in the wooded bog. Tree Swallow, Iridoproene bicolor (summer resident) This species was commonly sighted hunting for insects over several ponds and the beach area in May. Late-migrating individuals were observed over these same areas in October. Bank Swallow, Riparia riparia (summer resident) Bank Swallows were common in and around the areas where Tree Swallows were observed during May. Barn Swallow, Hirundo runtb s (summer resident) The greatest numbers of this species occurred during May around the beachgrass. L - vu. luaividuals of this and other swallow species were also observed hunting over the open bog. Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata (permanent resident) This common permanent resident was observed in all woodlands on the study area. n ( ) v C-7 science services cilvision
o Table C-2 (Contd) O Common Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos (permanent resident) Small flocks of this species were seen on practically all parts of the study area. Black-capped Chickadee, Parus atricapillus (permanent resident) Black-capped Chickadees were even less frequent during 1979 than they were in in 1978. Few individuals were obaerved. Tuf ted Titmouse, Parus bicolor (permanent resident) A few individuals were observed in woodlands on the study area during May and October. White-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis (permanent resident) This nuthatch species was observed infrequently in maple and oak woodlands. Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris (migrant / winter resident) Brown Creeper was common in Cowles Bog ( wooded) and the immature oak forest during October. House Wren, Troglodytes aedon (summer resident) Four House Wrens were observed along the road route in May. Short-billed Marsh Wren, Cistothorus platensis (summer resident) This smallest marsh wren was common in the open bog during May. Gray Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (summer resident) Gray Catbirds were most abundant in moist woodlands in the study area during May. Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (summer resident) This species was observed most commonly along the road route in May. American Robin, Turdus migratorius (summer resident) Numerous observations were made of this common woodland thrush, especially in the maple forest. Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina (summer resident) The Wood Thrush was common during May and October in Cowles Bog ( woode d ) . Hermit Thrush, Catharus guttata (migrant) Incidental Hermit Thrush observations occurred during May, but in October this species was common in the wooded bog. C-8 science services division
o Table C-2 (Contd) Swainsons's Thrush, Catharus ustulata (migrant) A few individuals were sighted in the study area in May. Gray-cheeked Thrush, Catharus minima (migrant) An occasional Gray-cheeked Thrush was observed along Cowles Bog trail during May 1979. Veery, Catharus fuscescens (summer resident) As in previous years, the Veery nested in the woods along Cowles Bog trail. Blue-gray Gnatcather, Polioptila caerulea (summer resident) One individual was observed along the bog trail in May. Golden-crowned Kinglet, Regulus satrapa (migrant / winter resident) This species was common in the wooded bog in October. Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula (migrant) This species was observed in Cowles Bog in both May and October. O O Cedar Waxwing, Bombveilla cedrorum (permanent resident) A small flock was observed in the maple forest during May. Starling, Sturnus vulgaris (permanent resident) Starlings could usually be observed in the industrial areas. Large numbers again roosted in cattails in Cowles Bog (open). White-eyed Vireo, Vireo griseus Isummer resident) White-eyed Vireos were commonly observed in the wooded bog in May . Red-eyed Viceo, Vireo olivaceus (summer resident) Red-eyed Vircos were much less common than during past years. Warbling Vireo, Vireo gilvus (summer resident) A few Warbling Vireos were observed on the site during May. Black-and-white Warbler, Minotilta varia (summer resident) A few sightings of this species were reported in Cowles Bog (wooded) during May. Yellow Warbler, Dendroica petechia (summer resident) Two Yellow Warblers were observed in the open bog during May. \v' C-9 science services division
o Table C-2 (Contd) Magnolia Warbler, Dendroica_ magnolia (migrant) The Mcgnolia Warbler was commonly observed along Cowles Bog trail in May. Yellow-rumped Warbler, Dendroica coronata (migrant) The Yellow-rumped Warbler is generally the most common warbler migrating through the region. It was sighted moct frequently in the immature oak fore s t during May. Chestnut sided Warbler, Dendroica pensylvanica (summer resident) Several individuale were observed along Cowles Bog trail during May. Palm-Warbler, Dendrocia,palmarum (migrant) Two individuals were observed in the immature oak forest during May. Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus (summer resident) One Ovenbird was sighted along C(-vles Bog trail in Mcy. Common Yellowthroat, Geothylpis trichas (summer resident) The Common Yellowthroat was commonly observed along Cowles Bog trail in May. Wilson's Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla (migrant) This species was commonly observed in May along Cowles Bog trail Canada Warbler, Wilsonia canadensis (summer resident) One Canada Warbler was observed in May in Cowles Bog (wooded). American Redse, art, Sctophaga ruticilla (summer resident) American Redstarts were common in the wooded bog during May. House Sparrow, Passer domesticus (per.2nent resident) This introduced species was most frequent in residential areas along the road route. Red-winged Blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus (summer resident) Red-wirged Blackbirds were abundant in the study area during all sampli'ag periods. Redwings again roosted by the thousards in Cowles Bog (open) in October. Rusty Blackbird, Euphagus carolinus (migrant) A few hundred were observed roosting in and around Cowles Bog (open) in October. O C-10 science services division
. o rb us Table C-2 (Contd) Common Crackle, Quiscalus quiscula (summer resident) Common Grackles we re common to abundant in the study area during all sampling seasons. They were among the large number of birds roosting in the open bog during October. Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater (summer resident) This species was commonly observed during May and October, although its numbers were lower than other blackbird and related species. Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis (permanent resident) Although generally common in forested locales, this conspicuous permanent resident was rarely observed during 1979. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus (summer resident) 1 bis species was common only during May. American Goldfinch, Spinus tristis (permanent resident) Several small flocks of this small finch were observed in open habitat during May and October. Rufous-sided Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (summer resident) This species was observed commonly in May in the wooded bog. Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (sunmer resident) Two individuals were sighted in the beachgrass sampling location in October. Dark-eyed Junco, Junco hyemalis (winter resident) Small flocks were common in all open habitats during October. Trae Sparrow, Spizella arborea (winter resident) Tree Sparrows were observsd most frequently along the road route. Chipping Sparrow, Spizella passerind (summer resident) An individual was observed during May in industrial habitat. Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla (summer resident) Field Sparrows were recorded from the transmission corridor during May and October. Grasshopper Sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum (summer resident) Grasshopper Sparrows were fairly common along the transmission corridor rw during October.
! }
w/ C-ll science services division
o Table C-2 (Contd) White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis (summer resident) This species was common in damp areas in the wooded bog during October. White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys (migrant) An individual was observed along the road route during May. Fox Sparrow, Passerella iliaca (migrant) One Fox Sparrow was sighted .long edge habitat in Cowles Dog (wooded). Swamp Sparrow, Melospiza georgiana (permanent resident) This wetland-inhabiting sparrow was observed in the bog during May and October. Song Sparrow, Melospiza_ melodia (permanent resident) This generally common sparrow was observed in thicket and brushy habitats over the study area. O O C-12 science services division
l t I f d APPENDIX D ANNOTATED LIST OF AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE SPECIES OBSERVED AT THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, MAY AND JULY 1979 i l O , l i science services division i
APPENDIX D ANNOTATED LIST OF AMPHIBIAA AND REPTILE SPECIES OBSERVED AT THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, MAY AND JULY 1979 Cricket frog. Acris crepitans During May, chorus activity was reported from the open bog, emergent macrophyte community, and atanding water in the transmission corridor. Spring peeper, Hyla crucifer Large choruses of spring peepers were reported from the area of cricket frog occurrence during May. Gray treefrog, Hyla versicolor Gray treefrogs were heard calling from Cowles Bog (wooded and open) and macrophyte s ampling locations during May, and from the macrophyte location during July. Bull frog, Rana catesbeiana The bull frog was observed in Cowles Bog (open) and the emergent macrophyte sampling location during May, and in the wooded bog and macrophyte location during July. V Green frog, Rana clamitans The green frog was common during May in the wooded bog, and common or abundant in the wooded and open bog and the macrophyte locale during July. Wood frog, Rana sylvatica Several individuals of this almost exclusively woodland frog were heard calling from Cowles Bog (wooded) and the maple forest during May. Several individuals were observed in the wooded bog during July. Painted turtle, Chrysemys picta Painted turtles were observed commonly during May and July from the aquatic macrophyte community. An individual was also observed during May from the wooded bog. Six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus One individual was observed along the greenbelt in July. Northern water snake, Natrix sipedon The northern water snake was reported from the aquatic macrophyte sampling location during May. Eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis n Q Only one individual was observed during 1979. during May in the transmission corridor. The observation occurred l D-1 science services division l [
i l lO i i .I i i l l i 4 l l i i l 1 I i i I 1 I i l l APPENDIX E CHECKLIST OF ARTHROPOD FAUNA COLLECTED ; IN THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, 1974-1979 , l l l 1 l l l l l l i i 'l -l l i O science services division i
v Table E-1 Checklist of Arthropod Fauna Collected in the Bailly Study Area, 1974-1979 Order Protura (proturans) Order Hempitera (bugs) (Continued) Order 01plura (dipturans) Nepidae (waterscorpions) Order Collembola (springtails) he a spiculata Poduridae enetra sp. Onychiuridae Gelastocoridae (toad bugs) Isotamidae Be10stomatidae (giant water b*.gs) Entomogryidae Belostoma 50. Sainthuridae Gerridae (water striders) Order Ephemeropters (mayflies) Gerris sp. Caenidae TRpoEates 50. Caenis spp. Vellidae(broadshoulderedwaterstriders) Baetidae Micrevelia sp. Baetis sp. Mesovelt'dae (water treaders) CaTTTbaetis sp. Mesovelia sp. Cloeon sp. Hebridae (velvet water bugs) Heptagentidae Hebrus 50. Stenonema sp. Miridae (plast bugs) Ephemeridae Adelphocorts lineolatus Hexagenia sp. Ceratocapsus luteus Order Odonata tdragonflies, damselflies) collaria mei1Teuril Aeshnidae (dragonflies) Deraeocorts sp. Aeschna verticalis Eustictus sp. Anan junius halticus bracteatus (garden fleahopper) L15eTTu11dae (dragonflies) H alio_dn sp. Erythemis sp. op en sp. Leucorrhinia intacta JLus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) L Libellula sp. Neolyqus sp. Pachydiplex longipennis heurocolpus sp. E hemis lydia Plagfoonathus obscurvs 5ympetrum sp. Poecilocapsus lineatus
- 1. vicinium fineonotus sp.
lestidae (damselflies) Stenodema trispinosum lettes rectangularis Strongylocoris atritibialis CoenagrionTdae (damself11es) "riconotylus ruficceris Amphiagefon sauctum T. tarsalis [m) g' Enallaqma spp.
- scnnura spp.
ma51dae (damsel bugs) Mabis sp. behalennia sp. peduviidae (assassin bugs) Order Orthoptera (grasshoppers, katydids, reaches, etc.) Zelus sp. Tetrigidae (pygmy grasshoppers) Phymatidae (ambush bugs)
.Acrididae (grasshoppers) Phymata sp.
Dissetteira carolina (Carolina grasshopper) Tingidae (lace bugs) Melanoplus spp. Corythuca arcuata Tettigoniidae (katydids) C. contracta Conocechalus sp. C. marmorata Microcentrum 50. Eeptopharsa sp. Neoconocepnelus sp. P1esmatidae (ashgray leaf bugs) Orchelimum sp. Piesma cinera Scudderia furcata Lygacidae (seed bugs) Gryllidae (crickets) 811ssus leucopterus (Chinch bug) Gryllus 50. E C s sp. Oecantnus 50. Eremocoris sp. Phasmatidae (walkingsticks) Geocoris sp. DiapeeroM rs femorata schnodemus felicus Mantidae (mantids) schnernynchus resedae Blattidae (cockroaches) Lygaeus 6almit Parcoblatta virginica hyslus sp. Order cermaptera (carwigs) Oedancala sp. Forficulidae Oncopeltus fasciatus i Order !soptera (termites) Orthaea sp. Rhinotermitidae Phlegyas abbreviatus Order Pleceptera (stoneflies) Berytidae (stilt bugs)
!soper11dae Jalysus sp.
Isoperla sp. Coreidae (coreid bugs) Per11dae . Euthochtha sp. Perlesta placida ; Pentatomidae (stink bugs) Order Psocoptera (psocids) Acrosternum sD. Liposcelldae (booklice) Cosmopeple bimaculata Pseudocaeciliidae (psocids) Eucnistus sp. Polypsocidae (psocids) Morwidea lugens Psocidae (psocids) Feribalus sp. l OrderThysancoters(thrips) Podops sp. i Aeolothripidae Solubes sp. l Thripidae Cycnidae (burrower bugs) Phloeothripidae A11ocoris sp. Order Hemiptera (bugs) Galqupha sp. Corinidae (waterboatmen) Order Homoptera (heppers, aphids) Sicare 500. Cicadidae (cicadas) Trfenocorire sp. Membracidae (treehoppers) (7 sotoneestdae (backswirriers) Cyrtolodus sp. D) Notonecta spp. Pleidae (pleid water bugs) Enchenopa binotata Entylia sp. p h st*iola Opniderma sp. E-1 science services division
O Table E-1 (Contd) Order Homoptera (hoopers, aphids) (Contirued) Order Coleoptera (beetles) (Continued) Membracidae(treehoppers).;oetinued) Hydrophilidae (water scavenger beetles) Stictocephala bubalus Anaesena sp. 5tictocepWafa so. FroWsp. Te amoan sp. M Tihtas fabriate
-Wendurea sp. . n or. rus sp.
CicReTTTiae(1eafhoppers) welcraorus sp. Aga1114 constricts kydrobius 50. Chlorotettia sp. Hydrochere 30. Cicadula sp. Hydrochus sp. Cleanthanys sp. Paracymus sp. Correllus sp. E pisternus sp. DThrareurs spp. 1. lateralis Draeculacephalt sp. Ptillidae (featherwieged beetles) Empoesca sp. Ptiaella sp. Pythroseura sp. Ptinellodes sp. Flenamia sp. $tapnyllnidae (rove beetles) Grapnocephala sp. Cyrophaena sp. Gyponana sp. 5aederus 50. Hecalus lineatus 5tenus sp. Idiocerus sp. 4Chinus sp. Limotettin sp. Pselachidie (shortwinged mold beetles) Gacrosteles spp. 511phidae (carrion beetles) Eesaria sp. Microphorus sayi Palus sp. OrfiGieridae (sinite fungus teetles) Parapnlepsius 50. Artholips sp. Folyamla sp. Cantharidae (soldier beetles) Scapnoideus sp. Cantharts rectus Tylorrqus bifidus fantharis sp. Cercouldae (spittlebugs) Podabrus spp. Celphacidae (delphacid planthcopers) FoTeW so. Cistidae (cis11d planthoppers, @% sp. Dictycoharidae (dtetyocharid planthoppers) Lampyrfdae (fireflie ) Achilidae (achilid planthoppers) E11 chnia corrusca Flatidae (flatid planthoppers) oc EIa sp. Acanalontidae (acanalontid planthoppers) Fhotinu s sp. Issidae (issid planthoppers) Photuris sp. Psyllidae(jumpingplantlice) P. pennsylvanica Aphididae (aphids; Fyractonema sp. Order Coleoptera (beetles) Dermestidae (dermestid teetles) Cupedidae (recticulated beetles) Malach11dae (sof twinged flower beetles) Cu l es concolor Attalus terminalis Cicinde111dae (tiger beetles) Cleridae (checkered beetles) Cicindela dorsalis- Enocierus sp. C. hirticellis Tsoa enocera tabida E. repanda P ceaenue iiallTFennis [.scutellaris Elateridae (cTica teetleU CarabTdae (ground beetles) Agriotes olongicoitis Agonoderus sp. Athous sp. Anisodactylus sp. Conocerus vespertinus P o jmo lossus 50. CIiUcera sp. Cidio, sp. kemicrepidius sp. thleenius sp. keteroceres so. Clivinia sp. Limenfuilisilaris Galeritut 50. L. interstitialis' warpalus sp. Pelanotus 500. Febia ornata Escnemidae (false cifck beetles) [ p ile i irosctdae (throscid beetles) [. viridis Autonothroschs so. Umopnron labiatufi Buhrestidae (metallic woodborers) Flatynus sp. Ac*atodera pulchella Pterestichus sp. Agrilus sp. Stenocellus sp. a actuatus 5tenolepaus sp. Eachys ovatus IaChyCellus sD. Tec gb s sp. I'Qaahrocerus llodactylidae sp.(ptilodactylid teetles) HaTraiidae (crawling water beet 1ss) Ptilodactyla sp. Haliplus so. HeI~oi.ioe (marsh beetles) Feltodytes duodecimounctatus T9 sp. P. muticus C t
- 4. odes sp.
Dy51scidae (pred4Ceous divi 99 beetles) Frtoecyphon sp. AreSus sp. l g- Scrites sp. ' L EDtot9*us sp. Elmidae (riffle beetles) Wsmocmachria sp. Cryptochagidae (cryptorhagid beetles) Hy dreporus spp. Paramentea so. H. corsimIlis languriidae (languriid teetles) II. niger ac rooterntys 50. I Evqrotus sp. Cucujidae (flat bark beetles) IIlybiussp. Laemocholeus sp. l l Laccoe Tlus 500. Phalacridie Tihining fungus beetles) l FJEusTi- 011brus sp. Gyrinidae (whirling beetles) vnanacrus sp. ! Gyrinus sp. Stilbus sp. l Q.boreaiis 1 1 E-2 science services division . l l
o v
) Table E-1 (Contd)
Order Coleoptera (beetles) (Continued) Order Coleoptera (beetles) (Continued) Mitidulidae (sap beetles) Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles (Centinuedl Brachypterus sp. Callijrapha, spp. Cryptarcha ample Cerotana trifurcata Lathridlidae (minute brown scavecger beetles) Chaetocnema minuta Corticula sp. Chalepus scapularis Erotylidae (pleasing fungus beetles) Chale2us sp. Ischyrus quadripunctatus FaTintsus sp. Megaledacne fusciata Erysochus auratus Coccinellidae (lady beetles) Chrysodina sp. Ada11a biaunctata (twospotted lady beette) Colaspsis sp. Anatis qTindecimpunctata Crepidodera sp. Ch'TTocoris stigma (twicestabbed lady beette) Criocerts duodecimpunctata (spotted asparagus beette) Coccin M novemnotata Cryptocephalus sp. Coleomegilla fuscilaoris Celorala guttata Cycloneds sanguisqa Diabrotics undecimpunctata (spotted cucumber beetle) HippedaWa convercens (convergent lady beetle) D. viroifera (western corn rectworm) H. glacialis Diachus sp. R. parenthesis DT5aTTa sp. R. tridecompunctata (13-spotted lady beetle) Disonycha per.nsylvanica iiyperaspis signata D. latifrons H. undulata fxema sp. Ricroweises sp. .ema collaris Psyllobora viginitimaculata 3 5ftarsus sp. Scy'9nus si. 1odonota sp. Colydlidae (cylindrical Bark beetles) Gedionychus sp. Anthicidae (antlike f1wr beetles) Pacnybrachis sp. Anthicus sp. Phaedon viridis NotonuTmuripennis Myllotreta 50. EugTenTJae (antiike leaf beetles) Plagioders versicolor (imported willow leaf beetle) Elonus sp. Plagiametriona clavata E* linus sp. Psylliades sp. Pedilidae (false antlike flower beetles) Stentspa sp. Stereopalpus sp. Systena frontalis Mycetophagidae (hairy fungus beetles) 5. marginalis Mycetopnagus sp. Trirhabda virce a Pyrochroidae (firecolored beetles) Tymnes sp. Dendroides sp. Antnribidae (fungus weevils)
,G Mordellidae (tumbling flower beetles) !shnocerus sp.
Mordella spp. (\y) Mordellistena spp. Curculionidae (weevils) Apion sp. AtleculidaeTc5nbclawed beetles) Calendrs sp. wymenorus sp. Hypera postic_a (alfalfa weevil) Isomira sericea Rhodobaenus sp. Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles) 5pnenophorus sp. Mercantes contracta Scolytidae (bark beetles) Uloma +mberbis Order Neuroptera (antlions, f acewings, dobsonflies, etc.) TyTopinus saperdioides Corydalidae (dobsonflies, fishflies) Melandryidae (false darkling beetles) Sialidae (alderflies) Canifa sp. Chrysopidae (green lacewings) Symphora sp. Hemerobiidae (brown lacewings) Ptinidae(spiderbeetles) Coniopttrygidae (dustywin Ptinus sp. Myrmele mtidae (antlions)gs) Anobtidae (anobiid beetles) Order Meceptera (scopionflies) Cryptorama sp. Panorpidee (scorpionflies) Luc &nicae (stag beetles) Panoroa sp. Pseudo 1ucanus 50. Bittacidae (hangingflies) Bostrichidae (false powderpos; beetles) Bittacus sp. hbennphanessp. Order Trichoptera (caddisflies) Scarabeidae (scarabs) Psychomyiidae Anomala sp. Hydropsychidae ataenius sp. Hydroptilidae Geotrupes sp. Leptoceridae Facradactylus subspinosus (r0se center) Athriosodes sp. Maladera castanea ( Asiatic garden beetle) Decetis sp. Onteconagus janus Triaenodes sp. PhylloDeaqa spp. Phryganeidae Terica sp. Banksiola selina TrTchTotinus 50. Oligostomts sp. Cerambycidae (longhorned beetles) Limnephilidae Anoplodera rubica Order Lepiscotera (butterflies, moths) Oberea UTounctata Papilionidae (swallowtail butterflies) Orthosoma brunneum Papilio glaucus (siger swallowtail) Parandra brunnea P. polyuenes (black swallowtail) Ps2nocerus supernotatus Pieridae (whites, sulfurs) Psyrassa unice~ce Colias pnilodice (conynon sulfur) Pieris protodice (southern sabbageworm) [L _rda estrer ypocerus sp. P. rapae (imported cabbagewom: Chrysemelidae (leaf beetles) DaEaidae teilkweed butterflies) Acalymna vittata Canaus plenippus (monarch butterfly) ' Alti.a sp. Mympnalidae (brushfooted butterfiles) I anisostena sp. Cynthia cardui (painted lady) Woplitis inaequalis ,p i Babia sp. Euphydras phaeton (Baltimore) Junonia coenia (buckeye) > / E-3 science services division i l I
o Table E-1 (Contd) Order Lepidoptera (butterlifes. moths) (Continued) Order Diptera (flies) (Continued) Nymphalidae (brushfooted butterflies) (Continued) Ptychopteridae (phantom crane flies) Limenitis archippus (viceroy) Bittacomorpha clavipes Nympnalis antiopa (mourningcloak butterfly) hootera sp. Phyclodes theres (pearI Crescent) Psy@cnodidae(mothflies) Polygonia interrogationis (question mark) Chaoboridae (phantom midges) 5peyeria cybele (great spangled fritillary) ChircrJmidae (mtdges) T. diana (dtana) Bibionidae (Maren flies) Vanessa atalanta (red admiral) Bibio sc. Satyridae (satyr buttsrflies) Cixidae (dixid midges) Euptychia cymela (little wood satyr) Simultidae (bla k fifes) E. mitchellH (Mitchell's satyr) Culicidae (mosquitoes) Cethe eurydice (eyed brown) Mycetcphilidae (fungus gnats) L. porTandW(pearly t eye) Scatopsidae (black scavenger flies) Lycaenidae (blues. coppers, hairstreaks) Sciaridae (darkwinged fungus gnats) Everes comyntas (eastern tailed blue) Cecidiomyiidae (gall midges) L_y_caenopsis argiolus (spring azure) Ceratopogonidae (biting midges) Satyrium caryaeverous (hickory hairstreak) Xylophagidae (xyloonagid flies) Pesperfidae (skippers) Stratiomyiidae (soldier flies) Epargyreus clarbs (silverspotted skipper) Cyphemyia sp. Saturniidae (giant stikworm moths) henctelus sp. Antheraea polyphews (polyphents moth) Entomyia sp. Automeris To (io moth) Pedicella sp. Sphingidae (ipninx mcths) PetectT~ Cus sp. Poanias myops (smalleyed sphinx) Tabanidae 5merinthus f arattensis (twinspot sphinx) Chrysops cincticornis Ctenuchidae (c:enuchid moths) C. cu: lux SCepsis fulvicollis (yellowCollared ' cape moth) (. U tTatus Arctiidae (tiger motns) Tab Eus spp. Esti pina congrua T. trimaculatus IIaTisicota tesselaris (pale tassock motn) Thereviaae (stilleto flies) haplea confusa Rhagionidae (snips flies) kyecorepia *ucess Scenopinidae (window flies) H. miniata Metatrichia sp. Tsia isabella (banded woollytear) My3idae (mydas flies) NocWdae (owlet moths, uncerwings) Mydas clavatus Acatela sp. Asilidae (robeer flies) Calce canadensis Efferia albibaris CaE '* sp. Borbyllidae (bee flies) F r M s sp. Emoididae (dance flies) Leactata multilinea Chelipoda sp. Leuconvcta dichteroides Tachypeza sp. Mamestra vicina Dolichopodidae (longlegged flies) FeTI M s sp. Argyra sp. Fbospnila miseliodes Asyndetus sp. irichoosusia ni (cabbage 1 coper) Chrysotus spp. Uloloncre culea Condylostylus sp. Zale 50. Dolichepus sp. Notodontidae (notodontid moths) Gymnoternus sp. Cerura borealis Mesornaga sp. Datana mTeistra (yellownecked caterpillar) Felastoneurus sp. Peterocampa y tivitta (saddled prominent) Sciacus sp. Lasiocampidae (tent caterpillar moths) iienopnilus sp. Malacosma americana (eastern tent caterpillar) Loncnopteridae (spearwinged flies) Geometridae (geometrid moths) Lonchortere sp. Abbotana cle=entaria Phoridae (humpba:ked flies) Apicia conf asarH P1punculidae (bigheaded flies) Baota vcstaliata Alloneura so. Chlorocnlamys cnlorefeucaria (blackeerry looper) Pipunculus sp.
- ctropis crepuscularia Syrphidae (flower flies)
- pimecis sp. Conopidae (thickheaded flies)
? ris diversilineata (grapevine looper) Micropezidae (stiltlegged flies) imi ooia enotata Otitidae (otitid flies)
Physosteganta pustularia Chaetocsis sp. Sabuloces taisoaria E cetopiella sp.
- 5. transversata Platystematiae (platystomatid flies) 5ccoula imboundata aivellia sp.
Tetracis crocalista Tephritfiae (fruit flies) Xantnotype coelaria SeDsidit (black scavengee flies) Limacodidae (slug caterpillar moth) Sepsi, sp. Euclei penulata Sciomyzidae Prolimacodes scacha Woplodictya sp. Pyromorpnidae (smony moths) Tetaaocera sp. Pyra11dae (pyralid moths) Desmia funeralis (grape leaffolder) Laasaniidae (lauxaniid flies) Ca'rotocrosopella sp. EerETia himonialis womoneura sp. N/mphula sp. Finettia sp. Fantographa limata (basswood leafroller) 5apromyza sp. Paraponyn sp. Chamaemytidae (chamaecytid flies) Tortricidae (tortrictd moths) Ptochilidae (skipper flies) Archics parallela Micromeths Lonchaeidae (lonchaeid flies) Sphaeroceridae (dung flies) Order Diptera (flies) Leptocera sp. Tipulidae (crane flies) Scatopnora sp. E-4 science services division
o i
,m 'U) Table E-1 (Contd)
Order Diptera (flies) (Continued) Order Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees) (Continued) Ephydridae (shore flies) Argidae (argid sawflies) 01 chaeta sp. Tenthredinidre (sawflies) Pahydra sp. Braconidae (braconids) 5catella sp. Ichneumonidae (ichnewrons) Scatochile sp. Eulophidae (eulophids) Drosopnllidae (vinegar files) Eupe1midae (eupeimids) Chymomra sp. Perflampidae (perilampids) Drosophila sp. Torymidae (torymids) Chloropidae (chloropid flies) Pteromalidae (pteromalids) Cetema sp. Eurytomidae(eurytomids) Chloraps sp. Chalcididae (chalcidids) Crassiseta sp. Cynipidae (gall wasps) Diplotona sp. Orytnidae (drytntds) Epichlorops sp. Evan11dae (ensign wasps) Hippelates sp. Prototrupidae (prototNoids) Ceraphronidae (ceraphronids) Mertwyra sp. Diapr11dae (diapriids) Oscinella sp. Parectocephala sp. Scslionidae (scellonids) Thaumatomyia sp. Tiph11dae (tiphiids) Agramyzidae (leafminer flies) Formicidae (ants) pompilidae (spider wisps) t1us11dae (clustid flies) Sphecidae (mud daubos) Civsfedes sp. Heteromincia so. Andrenidae (andrenid bees) Heleomyzidae (helecrtyzid flies) Halictidae (sweat bees) Anthomyzidae anthomyzid flies) Apidae (bees) A is mellifera (horey bee) Cuterebridae .odent bots) y ococa virginica (large carpenter bee) Anthymylidae anthomytid flies) Ca111phoridae (blow flies) Order Decapoda (crayfish) Lucillfa sp. Order Amphipoda (scuds) Phaenicia sp. Order Chelonethida (pseudoscorpions) Order Phalangida (harvestren) Muscidae (muscid flies) Musca domestica (house fly) Order Acari (mites) Cermacentor variabilis (Anerican dog tick) Tacninidae (tachinid flies) Order Araneida (spiders) Order HymenCOtera (sauflies, wasps, ants, bees) Pamphiliidae (webspinning sawflies) Order Isopoca (isopods) Pergidae (pergid sawflies) Class Chilopoda (centipedes) Acorduleceea so. Class Oiplopoda (mil 11peces) V ,m ! ) V E-5 science services division
i o V I i 1 1 1 APPENDIX F ANNOTATED LIST OF MACROPHYTE TAXA COLLECTED IN NEARSHORE PONDS, BAILLY STUDY AREA, JULY 1979 l I - . i science services division
APPENDIX F (] N_/ ANNOTATED LIST OF MACROPHYTE TAXA COLLECTED IN NEARSHORE PONDS, BAILLY STUDY AREA, JULY 1979 Bullhead or yellow water lily, Nuphar microphyllum Yellow, tulip-like flowers and broadly oval, bilobed leaf blades char-acterize this plant. tiany birds and animals eat the flowers, seeds, leaves, and rhizomes, the latter being the chief food of muskrats (Prescott 1969). Deer are known to browse on the leaves. The stems (actually petioles) may grow to 12-foot length. The bullhead commonly inhabits eastern United States bays and ponds. Pickerel weed, Pontederia cordata The deep-green leaves of this plant are heart or lance-shaped. The purple or bluish flowers grow on a spike rising above the water surface and are very showy. Like the yellow water lily, this plant is also a food for muskrats, and the seeds are consumed by many birds. It appears along soft, mucky shores in the eastern United States. Cattail, Typha latifolia This particular species is common in the United States (found in all (T states except those in the lower Mississippi Valley -- Muenscher 1944).
\- / It grows in dense stands in shallow waters and along the edges of ponds and provides excellent cover for birds and other animals. The rhizomes are food for muskrats and beavers.
Duckweed, Lemna minor Duckweed is perhaps the most common aquatic macrophyte species in the United States. A " floater" on the surface of the water or entangled in other macrophytes, it is about 1/4 inch in diameter and often forms ex-tensive surface mats in quiet waters or slowly flowing streams. It is a useful indicator organism of hard-water habitats (Prescott 1969). Use of this plant for nutrient removal in water treatment ponds has been pro-posed (Harvey and Fox 1973). Pondweed, Potamogeton spp. This rooted genus is comprised of 90 to 100 species worldwide, of which ap-proximately 40 are indigenous to North America. Pondweeds are found pri-marily in shallow ponds, lakes, and quiet waters of rivers and streams. The achenes (hard, dry fruits) are a favorite and important wildfowl food. Other plant parts also are eaten by waterfowl, marshbirds, muskrats, and deer. The taxa also provide food, shelter, and shade for fish, zooplankton, and benthic fauna. Arrow Arum, Peltandra virginica This stout perennial has a short, erect rootstock and arrow-shaped leaves ,-- with three major veins. P. virginica is found mostly in the eastern states ('~' j in shallow wacers and along stream banks. The seeds of this plant are eaten by species such as wood ducks, marshbirds, and shorebirds and to some extent, by muskrats (Correll and Correll 1972). F-1 science services division 1
Smartweed, Polygonum sp. This taxon is a member of the same family as Rumex (Dock). Like Rumex, the taxon is cosmopolitan, with approximately 320 species identified worldwide. More than 20 species are common in the United States, five of which are amphibious. The taxon is consumed (primarily the seeds) by many songbirds, waterfowl, marshbirds, and small mammals. The stems often are eaten by browsers such as deer. Regions where Polygonum densities are high are of ten popular congregating areas for waterfowl (Correll and Correll 1972). Black willow, Salix nigra This woody plant, like buttonbush and others found near the ponds, is not a true aquatic plant, although it will also grow in areas inundated for a portion of the year, a characteristic it shares with other willows. Like the buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), it serves a useful role in sub-strate stabilization and as a home for avifauna. Bladderwort -- Utrilcularia vulgaris This unique species has animal-trapping bladders in its leaves (and stem branches). These bladders have " doors" which open to allow small animals to enter, whereupon they are trapped and digested, thereby contributing to the plant's nitrogen metabolism. The plants are rootless and may be located on the bottom or free floating. They are often coated 'cith peri-phytic algae. Utricularia vulgaris is a widespread species in ponds, lakes, and slow streams in the United States, except in the far South, and also is widespread in Eurasia. It is often found in acid or soft waters, although the taxon does occur in alkaline conditions. Water Milfoil (or Milfoil) -- Myriophyllum sp. Milfoil is a submerged perennial with a slender branched stem. It often forms dense beds on the bottom of clear ponds. When mature, the apices of the stems appear above the water surface and small flowert 2erte. Of nine species commonly found, six are recognized from Indiana t. acher (1944). The species tentatively identified in the Bailly N-1 vicinity is M. heterophyllum or M. exalbescens. To differentiate the two species, it is necessary to have the flowering parts, which had not yet come out at the time of sampling. The taxon is useful in aeration of the water and as a food source for such animals as muskrats. F-2 science services division
O CITED LITEFATURE Correll, D.S. and H.E. Correll, 1972. Aquatic and wetland plants of south-western 'Inited States. EPA Pub. 16030 DNL 01/72. XV + 1777 pp. Harvey, R.M. and J.L. Fox, 1973. Nutrient Removal using Lemna minor. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 45(9):1928-1938. Muenscher, W.C., 1944. Aquatic plants of the United States. Comstock Pub. Assoc. Ithaca, N.Y. x + 374 pp. Prescott, G.W. 1969. How to know the aquatic plants. Wm. C. Brown Co. (Publishers). N.Y. O O F-3 science services division
o O l
)
i i APPENDIX G WATER QUALITY O science services division
Q r% D s U o Table C-a Cencral Water Quality Paraiaeters, Bailly Study Area, April 1979 Station *
- Parameter Unit Rep 15 25 J 35 DI 38 45 55 58 65 en 68 75 85 88 Alkalletty, total a9/l a 113 109 Ill 110 115 109 110 110 109 110 106 109 110 109 108 b 111 310 113 10 109 107 110 111 109 110 109 110 110 llo 108 Calttua, soluble og/l a 36.3 33.7 36.5 33.7 3 3.(, 34.9 33.4 31.5 32.5 33.3 34.3 13.0 35.1 33.8 32.2 b 35.5 33.7 35.9 32.7 33.0 33.8 33.8 33.5 32.2 34.1 32.1 32.8 35.9 32.8 34.6 thloride, total a9/l a F.3 6.2 6. 7 6.1 6.0 6.2 7.1 6.4 6.6 7. 3 7.1 7.0 7.8 6. 7 6.6 b 7.4 6.3 7.0 6. 5 6.0 6.1 7. 3 6.3 6.3 7.2 8.2 7.2 8.1 6.8 6.8 Chlorine, total og/l a =0.01 =0.0a =0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 =0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 =0.01 0.01 =0.01 -0.01 b <0.01 1.01 =0.01 =0.01 +0.01 =0.01 0.01 =0.01 =0.01 0.01 0.01 =0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 Color, true PT-C0 un6ts a 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 I I i 1 1 b i 1 1 1 I i 1 1 1 I i 1 1 I I Condut.tance ' mmos i a 280 280 280 280 280 280 240 280 240 280 280 280 28u 260 280 b 280 280 280 280 280 280 240 280 240 280 280 280 280 260 280 Fluoride, soluble og/l a <0.01 0.01 0.01 =0.01 <0.01 O.01 =0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.91 0.01 0.01 +0.01 b =0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 < 0.01 <0.01 =0.01 =0.01 <0.01 =0.01 e6.01 <0.01 =0.01 = 0.01 Hardness ag/l a 160 158 160 144 149 151 144 149 149 145 150 14 1 161 155 159 b 154 154 147 148 149 157 150 148 153 150 185 I. 171 IS$ 155 M gnesium, soluble og/l a 9.67 9. l 3 9.35 P 72 8.72 8.78 8.90 9.01 9.13 9.13 8.78 8.58 9.07 8.89 8.54 b 9.37 8.90 9.19 8.w 4.84 8.74 9. l
- 9.01 8.98 9.19 8.54 8.42 J.95 8.48 8.66 Odor, thresheld Pos/IIeg a lieg heq lieg heg femy Meg Iseg fleg fleg fleg fle9 Ileg lleg lies lleg b Ileg heg neg leeg fle9 he, lies IIe9 hee lle9 Ileg he9 Iles lleg lleg p.,,
Onygen, dissolved ag/l a 12.7 13.2 13.0 12.8
- IF 3 13.6 12.9 12.9 13.1 12.9 13.0 13.1 13.0 13.0 b 12.7 13.2 13.0 12.8
- 17.3 13.0 12.9 12.9 13.8 12.9 13,0 13.l 13.0 13.0 Daygen, 5 saturation 1 sat a 106 103 102 99
- 135 102 101 100 102 lol 102 104 103 104 b 106 103 102 99
- 135 102 101 100 102 301 102 104 103 104 pH pH untts a B. 3 8. 3 8. 3 8.2 8. 3 8. 3 8.2 8.2 8.1 8. 3 8.2 8.2 8.2 8. 3 8.2 b 8. 3 8. 3 8. 3 8.2 8. 3 8. 3 8.2 8.2 8.1 8. 3 8.2 8. 2 8.2 8. 3 8.2 Potasstum, soluble og/l a 1.63 1.47 1.57 1.50 1.48 1.51 1.51 1.37 1.37 1,44 1.48 1.45 1,54 1.38 8.41 b 1.57 1,48 1.55 1,48 1.53 1.45 1.53 1.40 1.36 1.45 1.45 1.48 1.54 1.40 1.40 Sodium, soluble og/l a 6.66 5.98 6.22 5.92 5.88 6.00 5.% 5.60 5.56 5.16 5.94 5.72 6.09 5.5% 5.52 h 6.21 5.% 6.22 5.86 5.94 5.82 5.a2 5.58 5.37 5.88 5.76 5.82 6.06 5.46 5.62 Soltih, total dissolved (TOS) og/l a 202 187 205 137 189 193 ist 183 104 105 120 128 127 153 161 b 190 ist 199 190 189 190 19) 181 80 83 131 123 124 141 167 Sollos, total suspended (T55) mg/l a 13.6 27.4 37.6 6.6 5.4 13.8 29.2 10.2 14.4 14.2 14.4 18.2 37.2 11.4 15.4 b 0.6 5.4 94.8 5.4 78 12.2 29.0 11.8 16.2 13.0 11.2 19.2 35.2 11.4 15.8 5elfates as/1 a 18.7 17.0 14.3 17.u 17.7 18.0 17.7 16.7 17.0 19.3 19.7 20.0 18.3 17.3 18.0
. 6 18.7 17.0 18.3 17.3 17.7 18.0 18.0 16.7 17.0 19.3 19.7 20.0 19.0 17.7 18.3 i &> Tens =ra ture *C a 8.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 g 3 b 8.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 Turbidity RTU a 2 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 2 l i 1 3 2 I b 2 2 6 1 1 2 2 l 2 I I 2 3 2 )
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O Table G-3 Trace Element Concentrations, Bailly Study Area, April 1979 Station
- Parameter Unit Rep 13S 14S ISS 165 175 185 195 20S 215 Cadmium, total mg/l a 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.003 <0.001 <0.0C1 <0.001 <0.001 b 0.023 0.017 0.012 0.016 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Chroniium, hexavalent mg/l a 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.012 b 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.00? 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.011 Chromium, total mg/l a 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 b 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Copper, total mg/l a 0.088 0.043 0.076 0.147 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.006 b 0.114 0.056 0.063 0.033 0.705 0.006 0.00c 0.005 0.005
- Iron, soluble mg/l 0.132 0.326 0.243 0.102 0.359 e 0.331 0.276 0.303 0.366 b 0.222 0.324 0.135 0.098 0.453 0.380 0.283 0.303 0.331 Lead, total mg/l a <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 b <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Manganese, total mg'l a 0.190 0.168 0.169 0.171 0.259 0.166 0.002 0.010 <0.001 b 0.190 0.154 0.169 0.043 0.164 0.257 0.004 0.013 0.004 Mercury, total mg/l a <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 b <b.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 <0.0008 0.0008 <0.0013 S Nickel, total mg/l a 0.091 0.158 0.098 0.098 0.009 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.004 o b 0.111 0.111 0.078 0.073 0.010 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.004 0
[]' Zinc, total mg/l a 1.23 0.284 0.138 0.353 0.019 0.012 0.001 0.002 0.001 g b 0.431 0.365 0.130 0.343 0.019 0.012 0.001 0.001 0.006
*S - surface E
1 2 N O O O
O p Table G-4 V Indicators of Industrial and Organic Contamination, Bailly Study Area, April 1979 Station
- Parameter Unit Rep 135 145 ISS 165 175 185 195 205 215 Bacteria, fecal coliform No./100 ml a <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 b <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Bacteria, total coliform No./100 ml a 100 <1 <1 100 500 100 <1 .00 500 b 200 <1 <1 <1 200 100 400 100 300 Biochemical oxygen demand mg/l a 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 b 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 Chemical oxygen demand mg/l a 3.4 2.3 2.3 <2.0 4.6 4.0 15.5 18.4 50.0 b 3.4 2.9 2.9 6.3 4.0 5.2 16.1 15.5 51.1 Hexane soluble materials mg/l a 3.6 1.2 23.6 16.0 6.0 24.4 <0.1 16.4 <0.1 b 36.4 4.8 11.2 24.0 28.4 6.4 <0.1 6.0 14.8 Methylene-blue active mg/l a <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 substances b <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Organic carbon, total (TOC) mg/l a 14.9 4.2 2.5 1.5 0.8 6.9 4.2 6.7 23.0 b 14.8 2.5 1.1 3.0 11.7 2.8 6.3 6.7 24.1 Phenols mg/l a <0.005 <0.005 0.015 0.011 0.017 0.020 0.022 0.027 0.035 b <0.005 <0.005 0.024 0.011 0.020 0.021 0.025 0.022 0.046
*S - surface Table G-5 m Trace Elements in Sediment, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, April 1979 I I
\/-
Station Parameter Unit
- Rep 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Camium mg/kg a 0.033 0.C20 0.040 0.014 <0.016 <0.005 <0.015 <0.008 b 0.039 0.027 0.036 0.012 <0.014 <0.005 <0.019 0.017 Chromium mg/kg a <0.003 0.005 <0.003 <0.004 <0.016 <0.005 <0.015 <0.008 b <0.003 <0.007 <0.003 <0.003 <0.014 <0.005 <0.019 <0.003 Copper mg/kg a 0.130 0.810 " 0.390 0.340 0.016 0.014 0.030 0.031 b 0.140 0.860 " 0.120 0.170 0.042 0.058 0.210 0.010 tron mg/kg a 0.036 0.030 0.003 0.260 1.790 0.490 6.410 4.910}}