ML19241B180

1978-79 Annual Rept,Bailly Nuclear-1 Site, Apr 1978-Mar 1979.Prepared by Tx Instruments Corp

ML19241B180
Person / Time
Site:	Bailly
Issue date:	06/30/1979
From:	NORTHERN INDIANA PUBLIC SERVICE CO.
To:
Shared Package
ML19241B178	List: ML19241B180
References
EMR-790630, NUDOCS 7907130044
Download: ML19241B180 (400)

Text

J  %

1978-1979 ANNUAL REPORT BAILLY NUCLEAR-1 SITE ENCOMPASSING APRIL 1978 - MARCH 1979 JUNE 1979- .

Prepared for NORTHERN INDIANA PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY 5265 Hohman Avenue Hammond, Indiana 46325 g

bY TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED ECOLOGICAL SERVICES P.O. Box 22 5621 Dallos, Texas 75265 579CFG

. _ , m.

O P

e 1978-1979 ANNUAL REFORT BAILLY NUCLEAR-1 SITE ENCOMPASSING APRIL 1978-MARCH 1979 June 1979

]S07[ BOON Prepared for NORTHERN INDIANA PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY 5265 Hohman Avenue Hammond, Indiana 46325 Prepared by TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED ECOLOGICAL SERVICES P.O. Box 225621 Dallas, Texas 75265 5790g7 scienca services division

O

SUMMARY

AND CONCLUSIONS Terrestrial The summer :ampling program was accomplished on schedule during July 1978.

Sampling included analysis of foliar effects, vegetation analysis, mammal observations, roadside surveys (mammals and birds), reptile and amphibian surveys, invertebrate surveys, and soil sample analysis.

Vegetation and Soils. 5.'egetation sampling results were consistent with past years. Revegetation in the beachgrass community continued to improve in the area which was burned in 1976. Other sampling locations showed little change other than normal plant succession.

Foliar conditions of white pine appeared to be improvir.3, and the large cotton-wood that appeared stressed during 1977 seemed healthy in July 1978. Herbicide application to vegetation along the crarrnission right-of-way during July 1978 caused defoliation of numerous broad-leafed plant; and severely restricted the growth of blackberry plants adjacent to the sampling plots. Additionally, woody species were cut and allowed to remain in the transmission right-of-way, and sev-eral trees were cut along the southern bounda , of the maple forest.

Soil conductivity levels were well below potential stress levels, although the foredune samples had higher conductivity levels in May 1978 than in previous years.

Mammals. Seventeen species of mammals were reported from the Bailly Study Area during 1978. Small mammal t apping results throughout the year were most comparable to those of 1977, with significant increases in catches from May to October. Capture rates were low during Fby, with no captures in the beachgrass or immature oak sampling locales at that time. These data in-dicated that small mammals in sampling locations away from the lakefront, al-though low, apparently were not drastically affected by the severe winter of 1977-78.

Generally, larger mammals were as well-distributed on the site during 1978 as during past years. Although few sightings were recorded, signs indicated 111 573068 =oi.no. .rvio. division

O substantial large mammal activity in most sampling locales. The gray O

squirrel, however, was not sighted during 1978, and only two observations of the muskrat occurred. The gray squirrel apparently is rare on the site, but the muskrat appears to be declining from a larger population in the past.

Birds. During 1978 a total of 130 species of birds was reported from the Bailly Study Area. This number is comparable to those of past years.

During October, waterfowl, especially ducks, were common on most of the major water bodies, and gulls were abundant near the Bailly discharge canal and along the lakefront. During each season, the numbers of individuals of the more commonly sighted passerine species generally were up slightly from the previous year. Warblers were the most abundant group of passerines ob-served during May sampling, while blackbirds were the most numerous group during October. No new bird species were sighted.

Amphibians and Reptiles. Thirteen species (eight amphibians and five reptiles) were reported from the Bailly Study Area during 1978. During May, 11 species were observed, while only 6 species were observed during July. Frogs were the most numerous amphibian group, while turt.es 1 were the most abundant reptile group. Reptiles were generally more scarce during 1978 than during past years.

Invertebrates. Conditions for sampling insects at the Bailly Study Area in July 1978 were improved substantially from the previous year, although defoliation in the transmission corridor may have affected sweepnet captures from that location. With re-establishment of the pool in sampling location 2 and suffi-cient standing water in the wet woods of Cowles Bog, the full complement of samples was taken; and, most importantly for the sampling results, weather conditions prior to and during sampling were more typical for the season than during the previous year. The number of insect families observed (140) was comparable to those observed in summers of 1975 and 1976 and considerably more than collected during the dry, cool sampling period of 1977. Five insect families were newly recorded.

O mactA iv scionoe services division

O Aquatic Aquatic sampling was conducted during April, June, August, and November 1978 and January 1979. Phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, 2nthos, macro-phytes, fishery, water quality, and sediment particle size samples were col-lected and analyzed.

Aquatic Flora. Mean phytoplankton density was higher, although not signifi-cantly higher at p s 0.05, in Lake Michigan in 1978 than in any previous year (i.e., 1974, 1975, 1976 or 1977). Phytoplankton biovolume followed the changes in density, although not at the same fast rare, implying species compositional change from early years in the study. Blue-green algae continued to be numeri-cally dominant in fall 1978 sampling.

Mean phytoplankton densities in the interdunal ponds were comparable to those recorded for previous years, with no apparent consistent change in density over time. The biovolume peak observed in August 1977 was higher than any other mean value (with the exception of a June 1976 value caused by a " clump" of algal cells in one sample). The high 1978 biovolume occurred in April.

Comparing dominant algal forms with dominant forms from previous years indicated annual continuity, although considerable variability was evident among less com-mon forms. Eutrophication indices denote a change in Lake Michigan flora to more tolerant forms; however, no major changes in eutrophication indices were observed in the interdunal ponds.

Phytoplankton chlorophyll a and productivity levels mirror biovolur,m fluctua-tions, particularly in the interdunal ponds, although there was no exr.ct cor-respondence of biovolume with the other two parameters. Successional changes throughout the sampling year and between years affect chlorophyll and produc-tivity values.

As in previous years, 1978 periphyton data revealed similar abundance and dis-tributional patterns. Periphyton distribution was affected by the presence of heated water and nutrients. The presence of the thermointolerant taxon Rhoico-sphenia curvata defined the effective extent of plume influence. The genera Eunctia and Pinnularia, which were collected primarily in the interdunal ponds, may be considered eurytopic or eutrophic indicators.

v science services division S. W O 6 5790

o Zooplankton. Changes observed in the zooplankton community over the past fivm years were due primarily to periodic occurrences of uncommon species, nrinci-pally of cladocerans and copepods. Seasonal density distributions in 1978, com-pared with previous years, indicated essentially unimodal patterns from year to year. Density maxima were higher in 1978 than any previous year of this study.

Seasonal succession patterns in 1978 Lake Michigan zooplankton similar to pre-vious years are diaplayed by the dcminance of diaptomid copepods in the spring, bosiainid < 1adocerans in the summer and cyclopold copepodids in November. As in previous years, the relatively stable community structure in the lake suggests only negligible influence of plant operation on Lake Michigan's major zooplank-ton components.

Zooplankton communities in the ponds over the past five years reflect the more unstable conditions prevalent within this system; densities have been variable since 1974. Periods of peak bosminid occurrence have decreased compared to pre-vious years; concurrently, cyclopoid copepods and chydorid cladocerans have steadily increased in percent composition since 1974, while calanoid copepod percent composition has declined noticeably over the same period. Such trends are described in the literature as indiciative of increased eutrophication. As in previous years, 1978 pond zooplankton abundance was significantly higher than that recorded in the lake; generally, abundance peaked in November (ponds only) and in August in Cowles Bog.

The degree to which plant operation may influence pond community dynamics cannot be assessed. However, trends similar to those described above have ueen found in the literature, suggesting that the major community component shifts may be a natural linnological process.

Benthos. Benthic density in Lake Michigan increased from April through August as in previous years but did not show the general decline in Noveuber. Depth-related density variations were also observed in 1978 in that density generally increased with depth. Little or no difference in seasonal density distribution was indicated between near-field and far-field stations although densities at Station 10 (discharge) were considerably lower than at other stations. Overall density pattern during 1978 was very similar to that observed in 1976. A sea-sonal succession pattern in the lake was characterized by an April dominance of vi 67M7@clence services division

O tubificids with chironomids and tubificids co-dominant in June and August.

Tubificids alone were dominant in November. The basic community components and successional patterns of 1978 were consistent with those of previous years.

A trend of declining relative abundance of amphipods was continued in 1978.

Data indicated that while plant operation may exert a negative influence in the immediate vicinity of the discharge, no discernible deleterious effects of plant operation on Lake Michigan outside the area of the discharge are obvious.

Density of benthos in nearshore ponds was characterized by an April to August decline with a subsequent increase in November. Cowles Bog generally displayed the highest densities within this pond system. The steady decline of benthic densities in the pond system since 1975, most pronounced in the bog and Pond B, was not continued during 1978. Total densities have been relatively similar since 1976. Pond benthic fauna during 1977 was dominated throughout the year by tubificid worms, which was not the case during 1978. Tubificids were not dominant or even second most numerous during 1978. Chironomids were dominant during April, bivalves in June, and naidids in November.

A comparison of 1978 data with that of previous years indicates 1977 was atypical with diminishing dominance of naidids and their replacement by tubificids, whose growth and colonization can be attributed to increased clay deposits.

Aquatic Macrophytes. Composition of aquatic macrophyte communities sampled in June 1978 was generally similar to that of previous years. The dominant and/or common species were bullhead lily, bladderwort, watermilfoil and pondweed. Areas along the edges of Ponds B and C and throughout Cowles Bog were characterized, as in previous years, by a predominance of emergent species. Some factor other than natural variation may be influencing the dominant macrophyte species in Pond B since the dominant macrophyte in the pond has usually been different each year of the study.

Fisheries. The 1978 yield in fisheries sampling was distributed among 12 spe-cies. Alewife was dominant in gill net samples, while spottail shiner was dom-inant in samples collected by beach seine. Electrofishing in Pond B yielded 22 black bullheads. Ichthyoplankton collections were comprised of alewife and g cyprinid eggs and alewife and percid (yellow perch or Johnny darter) larvae.

All species collected in 1978 have been reported in previous collections, and vil science services division

O no major change in fish species composition was found in samples from the Bailly Study Area. Spawning in the area apparently is confined primarily to alewives and cyprinids. Condition of the collected fish was normal, and no external parasites were noted on salmonids collected during 1978. No potential disruption of rare or endangered species was noted.

Water Quality. Water quality values in both Lake Michigan and the interdunal ponds were similar to those from previous years. Virtually all values in Lake Michigan were well within applicable Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board (ISPCB) standards. One exception was pH, which was slightly more alkaline than ISPCB standards for Lake Michigan, but was well within normal tolerance limits for resident biota. There was more variability of water quality values in the near-shore ponds than in Lake Michigan, as was the case in previous years. Highest vari-ability and concentrations were generally in ash settling ponds. Pond B values were lower than those of the ash ponds but appeared to reflect some seepage from the ash ponds, as Pond C concentrations were generally lower than those of Pond B.

A trend of increasing sulfate concentrations since 1974 was noted in Pond B.

Although soma indication of increasing sulf ate levels was also observed in the g

ash settling ponds, the relationship between concentrations in the two ponds is not clear. Silica levels in Lake Michigan have been observed to be decreasing slightly over time, a condition also noted in other portions of Lake Michigan.

An examination of 1978 phytoplankton data indicates that this depletion may be one factor in the shift from a diatom-dominant fall population to a green / blue-green dominant fall population. In general, observations of silica, phosphorus, and nitrogen indicate that the nutrient levels of southern Lake Michigan waters are comparable, with the exception of silica, with previous years; even with the lower silica levels, the lake should support a diverse aquatic community.

Trace elements in both water and sediment, and indicators of industrial or or-ganic contamination were monitored only in the ash settling and interdunal ponds.

Trace element surveys reverled no consistent trends, but rather constant fluctua-tions of all values. The observed high and low values, considering the scattered nature of the high values, may indicate a normal pond cycle. High iron levels in all the ponds observed during 1976 and 1977 were not observed during 1978.

O tmomo us e o u u na viii science services division

O V

Total and fecal coliform levels in the ponds were also examined and values found quite variable. liighest values in natural ponds were found during August 1978 and appear correlated with warm-water temperatures. Biochemical oxygen de-mand, total organic carbon, and chemical oxygen demand levels were reasonably low, with variations during the study apparently seasonally related. The re-maining parameters (hexane soluble materials, phenols, e.nd methylene blue active substances) were below or, in the case of phenols in April, slightly above de-tectio.. limits.

From the composite data, it appears that the biota and chemical parameters in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area show natural variability f rom year to year.

With the exception of Pond B, into which some seepage may be occurring, and Station 10, which is influenced by the discharge, there is no indication that Bailly Station operation has a significant effect on the biota or water quality.

O ix science services division

O TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page SUFDIARY AND CONCLUSIONS iii 1 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY l-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

AND STATUS 1-1 1.2 VECETATION AND SOILS 1-3 1.

2.1 INTRODUCTION

AND METHODS 1-3 1.2.2 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 1-3 1.2.2.1 Beachgrass Community 1-3 1.2.2.2 Foredune Community 1-7 1.2.2.3 Immature Oak Forest Community 1-9 1.2.2.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) 1-11 1.2.2.5 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) 1-11 1.2.2.6 Cowles Bog (0 pen) 1-14 1.2.2.7 Maple Forest Community 1-16 1.2.2.8 Emergent Macrophyte Community 1-18 1.2.2.9 Transmission Corridor 1-18 1.2.3 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 1-18 1.2.3.1 Sedge Meadow Community 1-18 1.2.3.2 Immature Oak Forest Community 1-20 1.2.3.3 Wet Meadow Community 1-20 1.2.4 FOLIAR EFFECTS 1-20 1.2.5 SOIL CONDUCTIVITY 1-22 1.3 MABDIALS 1-25 1.

3.1 INTRODUCTION

AND METHODS 1-25 1.3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1-28 1.3.2.1 Beachgrass Community 1-28 1.3.2.2 Foredune Community 1-28 1.3.2.3 Immature Oak Forest 1-28 1.3.2.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded) 1-29 1.3.2.5 Cowles Bog (0 pen) 1-29 1.3.2.6 Maple Forest 1-30 1.3.2.7 Emergent Macrophyte Community 1-30 1.3.2.8 Transmission Corridor 1-30 1.3.2.9 Road Route 1-31 1.3.2.10 Yearly Comparisons 1-32 1.4 AVIFAUNA 1-32 1.

4.1 INTRODUCTION

AND METHODOLOGY l-32 1.4.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1-33 1.4.2.1 Beachgrass Community 1-33 1.4.2.2 Immature Oak Forest Community 1-33 1.4.2.3 Cowles Bog (Wooded) 1-34 1.4.2.4 Cowles Bog (0 pen) 1-35 1.4.2.5 Cowles Bog Trail 1-35 1.4.2.6 Maple Forest Community 1-35 G~a xi aclence services division

O TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD)

Section Title Page O

1 1.4.2.7 Transmission Corridor 1-35 1.4.2.8 Road Route Census 1-35 1.4.2.9 Aquatic Sampling Locations 1-39 1.4.2.10 Annual Bird Comparisons 1-42 1.5 AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES l-42 1.

5.1 INTRODUCTION

AND METHODOLOGY l-42 1.5.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1-42 1.5.2.1 Lakefront Communities 1-42 1.5.2.2 Cowles Bog (Wooded) 1-42 1.5.2.3 Cowles Bog (0 pen) 1-44 1.5.2.4 Maple Forest 1-44 1.5.2.5 Emergent Macrophyte Community 1-44 1.5.2.6 Transmission Corridor 1-44 1.5.2.7 Annual Comparisons 1-45 1.6 INVERTEBRATES 1-45 1.

6.1 INTRODUCTION

AND SAMPLING REGIME l-45 1.6.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1-46 1.6.2.1 Beachgrass Community 1-52 1.6.2.2 Foredune Community 1-54 1.6.2.3 1.6.2.4 Immature Oak Forest Community Cowles Bog (Wooded) 1-57 1-58 g

1.6.2.5 Dunes Creek 1-59 1.6.2.6 Maple Woods 1-60 1.6.2.7 Emergent Macrophyte -- Pond B l-61 1.6.2.8 Transmission Corridor 1-61 1.7 TERRESTRIAL REFERENCES CITED l-62 2 AQUATIC ECOLOGY

2.0 INTRODUCTION

AND STATUS 2-1 2.1 AQUATIC FLORA 2-4 2.1.1 METHODOLOGY 2-4 2.1.2 RESULTS 2-7 2.1.3 DISCUSSION 2-7 2.1.3.1 Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume 2-7 2.1.3.2 Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a and 2-34 Productivity 2.1.3.3 Phytoplankton Statistical Analysis 2-37 2.1.3.4 Periphyton Numerical Abundance and 2-39 Composition 2.1.3.5 Periphyton Chlorophyll a 2-51 2.1.3.6 Periphyton Statistical Analysis 2-51 2.2 ZOOPLANKTON 2-54 2.2.1 2.

2.2 INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY 2-54 2-54 llh 57S075 xii science services division

~V TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD)

Section Title Page 2 2.2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-55 2.2.3.1 Introduction 2-55 2.2.3.2 Zooplankton occurrence 2-55 2.2.3.3 Numerical Abundance 2-62 2.2.3.4 Percent Composition 2-66 2.2.3.5 Trophic Relationships 2-71 2.2.3.6 Statistical Analysis 2-73 2.3 BENTH0S 2-77 2.

3.1 INTRODUCTION

2-77 2.3.2 METHODOLOGY 2-77 2.3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-79 2.3.3.1 Numerical Abundance 2-79 2.3.3.2 Species Composition 2-80 2.3.3.3 Zonation 2-94 2.3.3.4 Benthic Indicator Organisms 2-97 2.3.3.5 Benthic Statistical Analysis 2-102 2.4 AQUATIC MACROPHYTES 2-106 2.

4.1 INTRODUCTION

2-106 2.4.2 METHODOLOGY 2-106 2.4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-106 2.5 FISHERIES STUDIES 2-110 2.

5.1 INTRODUCTION

2-110 2.5.2 METHODOLOGY 2-111 2.5.2.1 Experimental Gill Nets 2-111 2.5.2.2 Beach Seine 2-111 2.5.2.3 Electrofishing Unit 2-112 2.5.2.4 Benthic Pump 2-112 2.5.2.5 Hoop Net 2-112 2.5.2.6 Food Habits 2-112 2.5.2.7 Data Analysis 2-113 2.5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-114 2.5.3.1 Species Composition 2-114 2.5.3.2 Gill Net Sampling 2-116 2.5.3.3 Beach Seine Sampling 2-118 2.5.3.4 Electrofishing 2-119 2.5.3.5 Ichthyoplankton 2-119 2.5.4 SPECIES DISCUSSION 2-125 2.5.4.1 Alewife 2-125 2.5.4.2 Yellow Perch 2-130 2.5.4.3 Spottall Shiner 2-133 2.5.4.4 Salmonidae 2-138 xiii ai e services division

O TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD)

Section Title Page 2 2.5.5 COFDIERCIAL AND SPORT FISilINC 2-147 2.5.6 POTENTIAL DISRUPTION OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES 2-149 2.6 WATER QUALITY 2-151 2.

6.1 INTRODUCTION

2-151 2.6.2 MET 110DOLOGY 2-151 2.6.3 RESULTS 2-154 2.6.4 DISCUSSION 2-154 2.6.4.1 General Water Quality Parameters 2-154 2.6.4.2 Aquatic Nutrients 2-165 2.6.4.3 Trace Elements in Water 2-176 2.6.4.4 Indicators of Industrial and Organic 2-180 Contamination 2.6.4.5 Trace Elements in Sediments 2-182 2.7 AQUATIC REFERENCES CITED 2-185 APPENDIXES Appendix Titic A CilECKLIST OF PLANT SPECIES OBSERVED IN THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, JULY 1978 B ANNOTATED LIST OF MAMMAL SPECIES REPORTED IN THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, MAY, JULY, AND OCTOBER 1978 C 1974-1978 CHECKLIST AND 1978 ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRD SPECIES OBSERVED IN BAILLY STUDY AREA D ANNOTATED LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILE SPECIES OBSERVED AT THE BAILLY STATION STUDY AREA, MAY AND JULY 1978 E CHECKLIST OF ENTOMOLOGICAL FAUNA COLLECTED IN Tile NIPSCo BAILLY STUDY AREA, 1974-1978 F ANNOTATED LIST OF MACROPHYTE TAXA COLLECTED IN NEARSil0RE PONDS IN Tile BAILLY STUDY AREA, JUNE 1978 G UATER QUALTITY 579077 g xiv science services division

O TLLUSTRATIONS Figure Description Page 1.1-1 Terrestrial Sampling Locations, Bailly Study Area, 1978 1-1 1.2-1 Relationship of Vegetation Types, Mean Soil Conductivity, 1-24 Soil Structure / Composition, and Soil Moisture for Sample Plots in the Bailly Study Area 1.3-1 Twenty-Two Mile Road Route in the Vicinity of NIPSCo 1-25 Bailly Study Area 1.3-2 Numbers of Mammal Species Encountered on the Bailly Study 1-27 Area during 3978 1.4-1 Major Aquatic Habitats Utilized by Water Birds on the Bailly 1-40 Study Area, 1978 2.0-1 Aquatic Sampling Stations in Vicinity of NIPSCo Bailly 2-1 Nuclear-1 Plant Site (Bailly Study Area) 2.1-1 Mean Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume for Lake Michigan 2-19 in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, Fby 1974-November 1978 2.1-2 Mean Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume for Nearshore 2-20 Ponds in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, Fby 1974-November 1978 2.1-3 Phytoplankton Density, Lake Michigan Stations, 1975-1978 2-22 2.1-4 Phytoplankton Density, Lake Michigan Stations and Interdunal 2-23 Pond Stations, 1975-1978 2.1-5 Phytoplankton Biovolume, Lake Michigan Stations and 2-24 Interdunal Fond Stations, 1975-1978 2.1-6 Phytoplankton Density at Lake Michigan Stations Summed 2-25 over 1975-1978 2.1-7 Mean Phytoplankton Biovolume at Lake Michigan Stations 2-27 Summed over 1975-1978 2.1-8 Phytoplankton Biovolume, Lake Michigan, 1975-1978 2-27 2.1-9 Phytoplankton Density, Interdunal Ponds, 1975-1978 2-28 2.1-10 Mean Phytoplankton Density of Interdunal Pond Samples 2-29 Summed over 1975-1978 2.1-11 Phytoplankton Biovolume, Interdunal Ponds, 1975-1978 2-30 xv aclence services division

o ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTD)

Figure Description Page 2.1-12 Mean Phytoplankton Biovolure of Interdunal Ponds Summed 2-31 over 1975-1978 2.1-13 Mean Phytoplankton Density of Interdunal Ponds Summed 2-32 over 1975-1978 2.1-14 Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a_ Concentrations Recorded from 2-35 Lake Michigan and Pond Sampling Stations in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, June 1974-November 1978 2.1-15 Phytoplankton Productivity Levels Recorded from Lake 2-36 Michigt.a and Interdunal Pond Sampling Stations in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, June 1974-November 1978 2.1-16 Periphyton Chlorophyll a_ Concentrations Recorded from Lake 2-52 Michigan and Interdunal Pond Stations, 1076-1978 2.2-1 Zooplankton Density, Lake Michigan Stations, 1975-1978 2-63 2.2-2 Zooplankton Density, Lake Michigan versus Pond Stations 2-64 (1975-1978) 2.2-3 Zooplankton Density, Interdunal Ponds, 1975-1978 2-65 2.2-4 Average Zooplankton Density, Lake Michigan versus Interdunal 2-67 Ponds Summed over 1975-1978 2.2-5 Percentage Composition of Important Zooplankton Forms in 2-68 Lake Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.2-6 Percentage Composition of Important Zooplankton Forms in 2-69 Interdunal Ponds in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.2-7 Comparison of Phytoplankton Density and Zooplankton 2-72 Density within Lake Michigan from 1975-1978 2.2-8 Comparison of Phytoplankton Density and Zooplankton 2-74 Density within the Interdunal Ponds from 1975-1978 2.3-1 Benthos Density, Lake Michigan Stations, 1975-1978 2-81 2.3-2 >enthos Density, Lake Michigan versus Interdunal Ponds, 2-82 1975-1978 2.3-3 Benthos Density, Interdunal Ponds, 1975-1978 2-83 579079 g xvi science services division

o ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTD)

Figure Description Page 2.3-4 Percentage Composition of Important Benthic Organisms 2-84 in Lake Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area 2.3-5 Percentage Composition of Important Benthic Organisms of 2-91 the Interdunal Ponds in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.3-6 Sediment Grain Size Distribution. Lake Michinan and Inter- 2-96 dunal Poads, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.4-1 Some Cornon Macrophytes Found in Pond Areas in Vicinity of 2-108 Bailly Study Area 2.6-1 Temperatures Measured at Lake Michigan Control Station 95, 2-155 Discharge Station 10S, and Mean Pond Temperature for Stations 17S-21S 2.6-2 Alkalinity Values as Recorded at Lake Michigan Station 9S, 2-158 Settling Ponds 13-16, Ponds B and C, and Cowles Bog 2.6-3 Total Dissolved Solids Concentration 3 Observed in Lake 2-161 Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.6-4 Total Dissolved Solids Concentration f rom Interdunal Pond 2-162 Samples, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.0-5 Sulf ate Concentrations Recorded in Pond B and Ash Settling 2-164 Ponds Stations 14 and 15, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.6-6 The Downward Trend in Silica te Concentrations in Lake 2-167 Michigan during the Period 1962-1975 2.6-7 Mean Silica Concentrations at Lake Michigan Stations in 2-167 the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 '8 2.6-8 Silica Concentrations over the Period May 1974-November 2-168 1978, Interdunal Ponds, NIPSCo Bailly Study A.ca 2.6-9 Grthophosphate Concentrations from Lake Michigan Control 2-171 Station 9S and Interdunal Ponds, 1974-1978 2.6-10 Nitrate Nitrogen Concentrations at Lake Michigan Control 2-175 Station 95 and Interdunal Ponds, 1974-1978 579cgg xvii science services division

O TABLES Table Title Page 1.1-1 Terrestrial Ecology Sampling Schedule and Personnel for 1-2 the Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter Seasons of 1978 1.2-1 Mean Percentage of Ground Surface Covered by Vegetation and 1-4 Litter in the Herbaceous Stratum by Sampling Location, Bailly Study Area, during Summer Samplings from 1974 to 1978 1.2-2 Distribution of Principal Herbaceous Stratum Taxa on the 1-5 Bailly Study Area during the 5-Year Monitoring Period, with Importance Values for July 1978 1.2-3 Changes in Dominance, Rank, and Number of Individuals in the 1-6 Tree Class for Sampling Locations 2, 3, 4A, 4B, and 6, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 to July 1978 1.2-4 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-7 Vegetation Sampled in Beachgrass Community, Location 1, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.2-5 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-8 Vegetation Samples in the Foredune Community, Location 2, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.2-6 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-10 Vegetation Sampled in the immature Oak Forest Community, Location 3, Bailly ftudy Area, July 1978 1.2-7 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Impo; ance Values for 1-12 Vegetation Sampled in Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Community, Location 4A, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.2-8 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-13 Vegetation Samoled in Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Community, Location 4B, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.2-9 Density, Dominance 3 Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-15 Vegetation Sampled in Cowles Bog (0 pen) Community, Location 5, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.2-10 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-17 Vegetation Sampled in Maple Forest Community, Location 6, F; illy Study Area, July 1978 1.2-11 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-19 Vegetation Sampled in Emergent Macrophytu Cvmuiuni ty ,

Location 7, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 579081 xviii science services division

O TABLES (CONTD)

Table Title Page 1.2-12 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for 1-19 Vegetation Sampled in Transmission Corridor, Location 8, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.2-13 Vegetational Ta::a observed in Sedge Meadow Community, 1-20 Location 9, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.7-14 Vegetational Taxa Observed in Immature Oak Forest (Inter- 1-21 dunal) Community, Location 10, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.2-15 Vegetational Taxa observed ir. Wetland Meadow Community, 1-21 Location ll, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 1.2-16 Average Soil Conductivity Values from 10 Locations, Bailly 1-23 Study Area, May, July, and October 1978 1.3-1 " ambers of Small Mammals Captured per 100 Trapnights in 1-26 Five Sampling Locations at the Bailly Study Area, Fby and October 1978 1.3-2 Number of Signs of Mammals Reported from Eight Sampling 1-26 Locations at the Bailly Study Area, May, July, October 1978 1.3-3 Cottontail Rabbit Sightings along a 22-Mile Road Route 1-31 near the Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 1.4-1 Numbers of Birds per 100 Acre Calculated for the Beachgrass 1-33 and Immature Oak Communities on the Bailly Study Area, 1978 1.4-2 Numbers of Birds per 100 Acres Calculated for the Cowlec Bog 1-34 (Wooded and Open) Community on the Bailly Study Area, 1978 1.4-3 Numbers of Birds per 100 Acres for Each Tranrect along 1-36 Cowles Bog Trail on the Bailly Study Area, May and Octobar 1978 1.4-4 Numbers of Birds per 1)0 Acres for the Maple Forest and 1-37 Transmission Corridor in the Bailly Study Area, thy and October 1978 1.4-5 Number of Observations and Number of Stops Recorded for Each 1-38 Species along the 22-Mile Road Route Conducted in the Vicinity of Bailly Study Area, 1978 1.4-6 Fbximum 1:vmbers of Aquatic and Shore Birds Observed during 1-41 Aquatic Bird Surveys from 10 Sampling Locations on the Bailly

() Study Area, May and October 1978 xix M science services division

\

TABLES (CONTD)

Table Title Page 1.5-1 Relative Abundance of Amphibians and Reptiles Observed in 1-43 Eight Sampling Locations at the Bailly Study Area, May and July 1978 1.6-1 Checklist of Entcmological Taxa Collected in the Bailly 1-47 Study Area, July 1978 2.0-1 Aquatic Ecology Sampling Frequency, NIPSCo Bailly Study 2-2 Area, April 19'i8-March 1979 2.0-2 Scheduled Dates and Purposes of All Aquatic Field Trips 2-3 2.1-1 Phytoplankton Occurrence, N1PSCo 9ailly Study Area, 2-8 1978 2.1-2 Annual occurrence of Phytoplankton in Lake Michigan and Near- 2-11 shore Ponds from 1974 through 1978, NIPSCc. Sailly Study Area 2.1-3 Mean Phytoplankton Dersity and Viovolume by Station for 1978 2-18 2.1-4 1978 NIPFCo ANOVA Results 2-39 g

2.1-5 A Comparison of Periphyton Occurrence in the NIPSCo Bailly 2-41 Study Area, Sampling Years 2, 3, 4, and 5 2.2-1 Zooplankton Occurrence in Lake Michigan and Interdunal 2-56 Ponds during 1978 2.2-2 Annual Occurrence of Zooplankton in Lake Michigan and 2-58 Nearshore Ponds from 1974 through 1976, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area 2.2-3 Zooplankton Density for Lake Michigan Stations 1-10 and 2-62 Interlunal Pond Stations 17-21, NIPSCO Bailly Study Area, April, June, Au<ust, J and November 1978 2.2-4 Percent Composition of Major Zooplaakton Forms in Lake 2-70 Michigan and Interdunal Ponds, N1PSCo Bailly Study Area, April, June, August, and November 1978 2.3-1 Numerical Abundance of Benthic Invertebrates in the N1PSto 2-80 Bailly Study Area, April-November 1978 2.3-2 Farcent Composition of Major Benthic Organisms in Lake 2 'S Michigan and Interdunal Ponds in NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April-Lvember 1978 9

5730gg xx science services division

O TABLES (CONTD)

Table Title Page 2.3-3 Comparison of Benthic Organisms in Lake Michigan and 2-86 Nearshore Ponds in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area during the First 3 Years of Sampling 7.3-4 Benthos occurrence in Lake Michigan during 1978 2-90 2.3-5 Benthos Occurrence in Nearshore Ponds during 1978 2-92 2.3-6 Benthic Particle Size Analysis in the NIPSCo Bailly Study 2-95 Area, August 1978 2.3-7 Food, Habitats, and Tolerance Limits of Common Groups of 2-98 Benthic Invertebrates 2.4-1 Macrophyte Composition, Bailly Study Area, June 1978 2-107 2.4-2 A Generalized Key to the Common Nearshore Pond Macrophyte 2-109 Flora Collected in the Bailly Study Area 2.5-1 Common and Scientific Names of Fish Collected in Bailly 2-115 Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-2 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Gill 2-116 Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-3 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Catch Collected 2-117 by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-4 Number and Percent Compositico of Fish Collected by Beach 2-118 Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-5 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Catch Collected 2-120 by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-6 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by 2-121 Electrofishing, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-7 Mean Densities of Fish Eggs Collected by Vertical Net Tows, 2-122 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-8 Mean Densities of Fish Larvac Collected by i'ertical Net 2-123 Tows, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-9 Mean Densities of Fish Eggs Collected by Benthic Pump, 2-124 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-10 Mean Densities of Fish Larvae Collected by Benthic Pump, 2-124 Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 xxi sci n hMes division

O TABLES (CONTD)

Table Title Page 2.5-11 Incidental Icthyoplankton Observations from Ponar Grab 2-125 Samples 2.5-12 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of 2-127 Alewives Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-13 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of 2-128 Alewives Collected by Beach Seine in Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-14 Food Habits of Adult Alewife 2-129 2.5-15 Food Habits of Juvenile Alewife 2-129 2.5-16 Condition Factors Calculated by Month of Fish Collected 2-131 in NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April-November 1977, Plus Values Obtained from Relevant Literature 2.5-17 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of 2-132 Yellow Perch Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 g

2.5-18 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Yellow 2-134 Perch Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-19)8 2.5-19 Food Habits of Adult Yellow Perch 2-135 2.5-20 Food Habits of Juvenile Yellow Perch 2-135 2.5-21 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of 2-137 Spottail Shiners Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-22 Food Habits of Juvenile Spottail Shiners 2-138 2.5-23 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of 2-141 Chinook Salmon Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-24 Catch per Unit Effort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Lake 2-142 Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-25 Catch par Unit Ef fort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Brown 2-143 Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 9

cn9 owe xxii science services division

O TABLES (CONTD)

Table Title Page 2.3-26 Catch per Unit Ef fort and Mean Lengths and Weights of 2-144 Steelhead Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-27 Catch per bnit Ef fort and Mean Lengths and Weights of Coho 2-145 Salmon Collected by Gill Nat, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2.5-28 Food Habits of Adult Salmonids 2-146 2.5-29 Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids 2-146 2.5-30 Food liabits of Adult Gizzard Shad 2-147 2.5-31 Lake Michigan Com'ercial Fishery Reported Catch in 2-148 Pounca, 1970-1978 2.5-32 Rare, Fndangered or Threatened Fish Species in Indiana 2-149 2.6-1 Water Quality Values Defined by the Indiana Stream Pollution 2-152 Control Board, or USEPA and Applicable to Lake Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area 2.6-2 Water Quality Parameters Measured in the Vicinity of the 2-153 NIPSCo Bailly Study Area 2.6-3 Contributions of Total Soluble PO4 and Silica to Lake 2-170 Michigan by 19 Tributaries, 1963-1964 2.6-4 Concentrations af Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, and Organic 2-173 Nitrogen Recorded at Lake Michigan Control Station 9S and Interaunal Pond Stations 17-21, Fby 1974-November 1978 2.6-5 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards 2-177 as Recorded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1978-Furch 1979 2.6-6 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards as 2-178 Recorded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1977-March 1978 2.6-7 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards as 2-178 Recorded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, January 1976-March 1977 2.6-8 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards as 2-179 Recorded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1977-March 1973 2.6-9 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards as 2-179 Recorded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, May 1974-February 975 1975 xxiif

$7gg6S science senices division

1 33 SECTION 1 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY

1.1 INTRODUCTION

AND STATUS The objectives of the fifth annual report are as stated in the first annual report, i.e., to outline existing environmental conditions and to octermine changes in the terrestrial biota of the Bailly site as related to construction and operation of the NIPSCo Bailly Nuclear-1 plant (TI 1975) . The 11 established sampling locations in the primary study area (Figure 1.1-1), bounded on the north by Lake Michigan, on the cast by Dune Acres Road, on the south by Route 12, and on the west by the NIPSCo access road, were surveyed for biological parameters listed in Table 1.1-1. Dates of all sa.<pling traips and data collected on those trips are listed in this table.

All sampling stations are located in Figure 1.1-1, with the exception of the road-side counts (Figure 1.3-1) and the aquatic bird survey (Figure 1.4-1).

/

. a, i , -,

c c L i s f a,

[ FONJ ikA!L y - o- g-,,

IF S

f . '. sf b '

- 7 '

/ ' I Aa L E'N f i FS P

• '"L I P #' NAI NL N AW' g ,g _

g

%(EMR s! Pro i< iletv + " .

"BLARE A L_s .

g(O c-r M

(1) EEACb5RA55 C0"'flN!TY o I ,9 #

(2) FC"fDusE C M LNITY (3) Itt9.itCE Ch F0;EST C W lTt %k/t .,' O 99

. /Qf, ,.

(4) COWLES E01 (w oCf D A;[ A) ( A) rky, (3) SET

)D (5) COWLE S E C". (JEN APE A) *'*c.-

(6) MELE FCRLST CCYMJ.ITY '

,,3

( 7) EME PGENT MACWy TE Cit"+ ' NIT Y ""

(a) TRA* w 155icN Ce n rca (9) SEDGE h'E ADOW CO*t';NITY b

q (10) !>ttATtCE CM FOREST (INTELD 4) CCf"" NITY (11) WETLA'.D MEA:6W CCFF %ITY (12) INDUSTRI AL 7GNE (N^i A SCnEDULED SASTLINi , PE A) 2m m um m ,o

- TRAN5ECTS e GENERAL LOCATION Figure 1.1-1. Terrestrial Sampling Locations, Bailly Study Area, 1978 1-1579C87 sciono. ..rvio.. divi. ion

O Table 1.1-1 Terrestrial Ecology Sampling Schedule and Personnel O for the Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter Seasons of 1978t Spring Summer Fall My uly ct Sampling Sampling Activity Location 8-26 9-29 9-27

1. Vegetation and soils

a. Vegetation analysis e Quantitative 1-8 x e Qualitative 9-11 x

b. Foliar effects 1-11 x x x

c. Soil conductivity analysis 1-6, 8-10 x x x

2. Mar Tia1 s

a. Small mamal trapping 1,3,4,6,8 x x

b. Large mamal observations 1-11 x x x

c. Roadside counts (rabbits) 22-mi route

• x x

3. Avifauna

a. Transect counts 1, 3-6, 8, x x

b. Roadside counts (pheasants Cowles Bog Trail 22-mi route x x g

and doves)

c. Aquatic bird survey A-J** x x

4. Reptiles and amphibians 1-8 x x

5. Entomology 1-8 x PERSONNEL Roy Greer Roy Greer Roy Greer Tom Manthey Audrey James See Figure 1.3-1.

See Figure 1.4-1.

tNo winter sampling scheduled (1978).

579088 g 1-2 science services division

O 1.2 VEGETATION AND SOILS 1.

2.1 INTRODUCTION

AND METHODS. The general botanical history of the Bailly Study Area was described, vegetation types and land-use categories were mapped, and distinguishing characteristics of each mapped division were dis-cussed in the first annual report (TI 1975). Sampling methodologies used in 1978 for vegetation, foliar effects, and soils were identical to those used previously and follow the procedures defined in the Standard Operating Proce-dures for the Northern Indiana Public Service Company Bailly Station Nuclear I (TI 1978). Sampling was conducted at the 11 established locations (Figure 1.1-1),

and resulting data are presented in Tables 1.2-1 through 1.2-16 and Figure 1.2-1.

The entire vegetational stratigraphy (i.e., herbaceous, shrubs, trees) in each permanent sampling plot was quantitatively and qualitatively sampled in July ll. These sampling data were used to characterize present floral conditions, with emphasis again placed on the dominant and important species. These data also were compared with that collected in September 1974 and July 1975, 1976, and 1977 to better describe community dynamics and to indicate differences and similarities in vegetation over the five years.

Tables 1.2-1,1.2-2, and 1.2-3 present data by sampling location that indicate some of the vegetational changes occurring during the 5-year moni-toring program. Tne mean percentages of vegetation and litter cover of ground surface in the herbaceous stratum of each sampling location during the monitoring period are shown on Table 1.1-1. The distribution by sampling location of her-baceous stratum taxa having an importance value of 20 or greater during 1978 sampling is shown on Table 1.2-2; differences between the important herbaceous species in 1978 and those of past years also are shown on the table. Changes in dominance, rank, and number of tree-class individuals from 1974 to 1978 in applicable sampling locations (2, 3, 4A, 4B, and 6) are shown on Table 1.2-3.

An annotated list of plant species observed in the Bailly Study Area during the five-year monitoring period is presented in Appendix A.

1.2.2 QUANTITATlVE ANALYSIS 1.2.2.1 Beachgrass Community. The beachgrass community sampling location was on the Indiana National Lakeshore property adjacent to Lake Michigan, ap-() proximately 1/4 mile cast of the existing Bailly plume area (Figure 1.1-1).

• '* a c a = a rv'c a = d ='a a GLoMc) 1-3

O Table 1.2-1 Mean Percentage of Ground Surface Covered by Vegetation and Litter in the Herbaceous Stratum by Sampling Location, Bailly Study Area, during Summer Samplings from 1974* to 1978 Vege ta ti on Litter Total Sanpl ing Location Conrunity Nane 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 01 Eeachgrass 29 43 14 39 42 43 51 48 29 45 72 94 63 68 87 02 Foredune 23 30 17 22 38 36 36 36 25 14 60 66 53 48 56 03 Icrature Oak Forest 11 10 21 8 29 68 75 63 56 61 79 85 85 64 89 04A Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) 14 12 33 46 72 82 60 44 86 94 9? 90 04B Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) 17 12 64 26 66 82 65 34 22 100 78 61 F.8

" 44 "

05 Cowles Bog (0 pen) 51 51 53 48 51 42 32 3C 93 83 93 81 06 Maple Forest 3 5 22 11 23 74 80 67 81 50 78 86 90 92 73 03 Transmission Corridor 53 52 70 74 85 45 48 29 25 15 98 ' ' '

100 99 100 1974 sampling occurred in September; all other samplings in July.

Not available from data.

O S

e 3

@ C

. 4 o to 1 o a to

$ C a

i o

3 O O @

O Table 1.2-2 Distribution of Principal Herbaceous Stratum Taxa (Importance Value 220) on the Bailly Study Area during the 5-Year Monitoring Period, with Importance Values for July 1978 Sampling Location

• Taxa 1 2 3 4A 4B 5 6 8

• • +

Acer rubrum Amophilia breviligulata 300 **+

Andropogon gerardii 95 Andropogon scoparius 127 Calamovilfa longifolia 26 Carex pennsylvanica 73 96 feTastrus e scandens 23* **,

Circea alpina Geranium maculatum Impatiens bifora 29 61 43 Leersia cryzoides 30 60 41 Lemna minor 39 Lindera benzoin 24 Maianthemum canadense Osmunda cinnamomea

• • +

Parthenocissus guincuefolia *** 27+

Phragmites communis Pilea pumila ** 29 Poa sp- 26+

Polygonum g gittatE 38+

Prunus serotina 75 Pteridium aqualinum

• • • 52+

Rhus radicans Rosa blanda

• • +

Rubus flagellaris 29 Solida30 sp. 23 Stachn palustris 27+

Symplocarpus foetidus 25, Thalictrum polygamum **

Thelyptris palustris 26+

Typha_ latifolia 4?

Urtica urens 31, Vaccinium pennsylvanicum 92 Total species 1 4 3 2 3 6 4 4 Importance value 300 199 151 188 154 258 169 191 Percent of total importance 100.0 66.3 5 . 3 62.7 51.3 86.0 56.3 63.7

• Refer to Figure 1.1-1.

• • Taxa were observed with an importance value 1 20 during previous July samplings.

+ Change in status from 1977 samplings.

O  ?

g -WC'h e-  ::A:h ,

w n

$ r[me jl'%" g jLa GUsun ( WN 57sc31 15 science services division

{n N.

g Table 1.2-3 Changrs in Dominance, Rank, and Number of Individuals in the Tree Class for Sampling Locations 2, 3, 4 A, 4B, and 6, Bailly Study Area, May 1974 to July 1978 19/4-1978 1974-1978 May 1974 July 1978 individuals (nar.ge in Species Location 00ninance* Fanb* Dominance Fank LCst G4ined D r 1 nar t.e foredune Cominunity 2 Pinas ban 6siana 1.0 2 1.5 3 0 0 +;.E

, Epulus ' del toides 1.0 3 1.9 2 0 0 +] 4 daerc us vel utina 0.4 4 0.6 4 0 L + .2 filii ac.iricana 2.9 1 3.1 1 0 0 + 's . 2 Tota 5.3 7.1 0 0 1.c gg Imature Oak F orest Coruunity 3 s.,,gr" Qaercus alba 0.3 2 0.3 2 0 0 -

Quersus vylut_ina 32.9 1 33.2 1 1 13 +5.3 W yar s./ Total 33.2 33.5 1 13 5.3

$ Cowles Cog (Wooded-Dry) 4A

. Lindera be_nzoin** -

0.4 4 0 1 +0.4

%d Prunus serotina 1.0 3 2.6 2 0 1 +1.6 QJertus ilba'~~' 2.0 2 2.1 3 u 2 +0.1 k,.y Quercus velutina 79.0 1 94.4 1 0 14 +15.4 rr- 2 2 Total 32.0 99.5 0 It 17.5

. .w Cowles Log (Wooded-Wet) 4B

• % Acer rubrum 24.4 1 29.0 l 4 +4.6 dU Cetula lutea 3.9 3 5.0 3 1

0 0 +1.1 FCQ Ny s si sy_1_ _.a t i_c a * * - -

1.1 6 0 2 +1.1 p y ,. . Prunu.s se rot __i_na 0.9 5 1.1 6 0 0 +0.2 g

o g"- Salix nigra Sassaf ras albidan 16.3 3.0 2

4 5.6 3.0 2 4 4 -10.7 5 1 0 -

p

~

U l mu's' ~ rut > rs" ~' 0.7 3 @g.

g Total 48.5 45.5 4 0 6

1 11

+0.7

-3.0 Haple forest 6 9 Acer rubrum 51.4 1 63.3 1 3 5 +11.9 O Crataegus _ sp. 0.6 6 1.1 5 0 0 + 0.5

< Prunus serotina 13.4 3 16.8 2 0 0 + 3.4 g } Quercu_s alba ' 1.4 4 1.7 4 L 3 + 0.3 0 %j kobi_na pseudaacacia 9.7 2 3.7 3 1 1 -

W J Sassa f_ ras alt idum 1.4 5 1.7 4 0 0 + 0.3 E C3 Tetai 77.9 y4.3 3 e +1e.4 1 @ *lkriinante is expressed as the t,asal area in square feet per acre and rank is based on impcrtance values.

CB

_ g ** Species not present in May 1974.

O 3

O O @

O As before (July 1974-1977), American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) was the only species observed within sampling plots (Table 1.2-4). The density of this species doubled from the 1977 sampling. The greatest increases occurred in the plots that burned in 1976 and in the plots that were located in a swale area where additional available moisture may have favored increased growth.

Litter cover in the burned plots increased to a mean of 39 percent compared with none for the 1976 and 1977 samplings and about 60 percent prior to the fire.

The increases in density, dominance, and litter cover in this sampling location (Tables 1.2-1 and 1.2-4) seem to indicate at least a short-term stabilization of the beach sands in the community. Flowering stalks, which are indicators of mature stands of beachgrass (Laing 1954), were not observed in or near the sampling plots, but were observed in an active dunal area between the NIPSCo boundary fence and the discharge channel.

Table 1.2-4 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Vegetation Sampled in Beachgrass Community, Location 1, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Tetal Tetal Pelat15e belatIve 1; e l a t ive* !mportance ksersations Painance rensity* Nasit y h inance D.minance Frequency Frequency Value Amamphila brevilia-lata 1,870 u2 7 % ,799 190 19,?47 100 10 100 303 Total 7 % ,789

• Density i s expre s t.ed a s r.umbe r o f individuals 3 r acre, dominance as areal coverage in squ4rc feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sarF>le Flets in whic h a yec ies occ urred. Imprtance value is t he sum of the three relative values.

1.2.2.2 Foredune Community. Importance valres indicate that this community remained similar to the 1977 sampling, although a slight shift in the rank of several of the important species (importance value greater than 20) has occurred.

Little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius), sand reedgrass (Calamovilfa longifolia),

goldenrod (Solidago sp.), and bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) were the most im-portant herbaceous class species in 1978 (Tables 1.2-2 and 1.2-5), accounting for 66.3 percent of the total importance in the foredune community. A general trend of increased density and dominance for most species in the sampling loca-tion indicated normal dune succession, has occurred during the monitoring period (TI 1975-1978).

1-7 909Gionc oorvice aivision

Table 1.2-5 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Vegetation Samples in the Foredune Community, Location 2, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Pelative Importance Scientific Name Density

• Density Dominance

• Dominance Frequency

• Frequency Value Herbs Amophila breviligulata 3,238 0.5 44 0.2 30 4.8 5.5 A_n_d_ropoggn scgparius 475,118 74.4 6,706 36.9 100 16.1 127.4 Ascleplas tVbtrosa 405 0.1 44 0.2 10 1.6 1.9 Cajimv11.fA Ignsifplit 47,755 7.5 1,263 7.0 70 11.3 25.8 CflAltrui scaMent 3,642 0.6 3,179 17.5 30 4.8 22.9 44 C erositee I 2,024 0.3 348 1.9 20 3.2 5.4 te' Dic_o.t_ ! 405 0.1 tr tr 10 1.6 1.7

- DrADA sp. 2.428 0.4 tr tr 20 3.2 3.6 "Y EMtorhia corollata 3,642 0.6 523 2.9 20 3.2 6.7

- J7 ' Hamamelis virginiana 405 0.1 131 0.7 10 1.6 2.4 g~e' m kunnia sp. 405 0.1 87 0.5 10 1.6 2.2

[IU2sy'ermum carolinense 31,162 4.9 523 2.9 40 6.5 14.3 PinTcum h7Jachucae 3,238 0.5 87 0.5 10 1.6 2.6 Pa' rthenoc i sTuT q3i nque f ol ia 405 0.1 348 1.9 10 1.6 3.6 H i,. 95,h);,

Ouercus velitTna Rhus radicans 405 16.593 0.1 2.6 44 1,611 0.2 8.9 10 50 1.6 8.1 1.9 19.6 E ti Rosa blanda 3,238 0.5 174 1.0 10 1.6 3.1 025eMaTi rta R

(Z9)  :- Q

$ilix sV.~

Smilicina racemosa 1,214 2,024 3,238 0.2 0.3 0.5 87 218 0.5 1.2 10 10 1.6 1.6 2.3 3.1 y% S M da_go graminif61's- 3,642 0.6 87 1,176 0.5 6.5 10 10 1.6 1.6 2.6 8.7 4 5olTdago sp. 30,353 4.7 1,002 5.5 80 12.9 23.1 MN i Hescintia virginiana 405 0.1 87 0.5 10 1.6 2.2 C53 Verbascum thapsus-VHis sp.

809 2,833 0.1 0.4 87 0.5 1.7 20 3.2 3.8 305 10 1.6 3.7 dc.T1 lotal 639,026 L., Shrubs **

1. ~

Ouercus velutina 198.5 121 60 270 88.5 10 50.0

-. J Tilia americana 81 40 35 11.5 10 50.0 101.5 3 Total 202 O

O Trees a Pinus banksiana 8 20 1.5 21.1 20 33.3 74.4 0 ESTus.deWoides 4 10 1.9 26.8 10 16.7 53.5 2 M Quercus velutina 4 10 0.6 8.5 10 16.7 35.2 g Q l'iTia americana 24 60 3.1 43.7 20 33.3 137.0 0 @ Total 40 C

Q

• Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and 1 g frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance valL* is the sum of the three W relative values.

h ** Dominance, Relative Dominance, and Importance Values for shrub species are corrected from those appearing in the July-September 1978 quarterly report (TI 1978).

tr = trace O O O

C Shrub- and tree-class species in the foredune temained similar to previous sam-plings. In the tree class, the continued dominance of basswood (Tilia americana) was due primarily to a relatively high density in the sampling plots rather than a greater growth rate. The growth rate of cottonwood (Populus deltoides), which is recognized as the principal tree species to initially invade Michigan dunes (Shelford 1963, Curtis 1971), far exceeded that of other trees (Table 1.2-5).

Between July 1977 and July 1978 little tree stand growth was recognized in this community with a total tree basal area increase of 0.2 square feet per acre; this represented 11 percent of total growth during the monitoring program.

1.2.2.3 Immature Oak Forest Community. Sedge (Carex sp.), bluegrass (Poa sp.), and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) continued to show distinct year to year changes in importance value in this community. These fluctuations, as well as those of other more common species in the community, appeared to be within the normal patterns described by Olson (1958) and Curtis (1971).

Red maple (Acer rubrum) and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) were observed for the first time in this community (Table 1.2-6). These two species pencrally are associated with later successional stages in the Bailly Study Area [e.g.,

Cowles Bog (dry-wooded) and red maple communities). Seedlings of red maple and flowering dogwood, as well as those of bluegrass, are reported to be relatively shade-tolerant and sensitive to low available moisture (Fowells 1965, Whitford and Whitford 1978).

Witch hazel remained more important than sassafras (Sassafras albidum) and black oak (Quercus velutina) in the shrub class (Table 1.2-6). Four black oaks reached tree class size between July 1977 and July 1978, contributing to the total basal area increase of ~.3 square feet per acre. Dominance change in the community during the monitoring program has been litt1.e, with only the foredune community showing less change. The growth changes in the tree stratum that have been ob-served during the past five years were attributed mostly to the introduction of these four black caks and nine others since 1974 (Table 1.1-3). A relatively slow individual rate of growth, as apparent in this community, is reported as common in stands that occur on poorer sites (Fowells 1965).

529not- v t, 1-9 science services division

Table 1.2-6 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Impc-tance Values for Vegetation S upled in the Imature Oak Forest Comunit.v, Location 3, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Re1ative 9eletive

• Relative Importanca x ientific Name Cessity Densit/ Dominance

• Domir:a nce Freque.1cy Frequency Value iterbs Acer rubrum 2,426 0.7 44 0.4 20 2.9 4.0 eryopSta" - -

827 7.3 10 1.5 -

Carex pennsylvanica 183,329 52.7 1.132 10.0 70 10.3 73.0 7- ~

Chenopoyium standleyanum 2,024 0.6 tr tr 10 1.5 2.1 Cm Cornus florida 405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 E,7 7 N- " DIET 1F ~ 405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 Draba sp. 2,024 0.6 tr tr 20 2.9 3.5

% 'm fupporbiacorollata Graminae I 3,642 17,402 1.0 5.0 87 0.8 1.2 20 2.9 1.5 4.7 131 10 7.7 Hama vlis virginiana 4,047 1.2 305 2.7 50 7.4 11.3 I4e'liinB us microcephalus 405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 h.. m% f.r ilia. sp.

405 0.1 44 0.4 10 1.5 2.0 bCC Monarda fistulosa 1,214 0.3 tr tr 10 1.5 1.8 f . VanI5 haucTiucae 4,452 1.3 44 0.4 30 4.4 6.1 Y CM.~ #

Poa_ sp. 75,274 21.7 348 3.1 10 1.5 26.3 H u. Eteridium a_quilinum 6,475 1.9 4,8 34 42.8 50 7.4 52.1 O g". w,7 7 Rhus. radicans 8.903 2.6 1,089 9.7 50 7.4 19.7 j[ a ] ,

Rosa bla ida

$as'safras albidum 6,475 5,261 1.9 1.5 174 1,045 1.5 9.3 20 50 2.9 7.4 6.3 18.2 E" U,- Smilax rotun31(alla 809 0.2 131 1.2 20 2.9 4.3 sirillician stellata 6,880 2.0 392 3.5 70 10.3 15.8 g%

E' ~

5clidaSo sp. ~

7,285 2.1 261 2.3 60 9.8 13.2 Taraxacum officinale 405 0.1 44 0.4 l ') 1.C 2.0 tride'scantia virginiana 3.238 0.9 87 0.8 30 4.4 6.1

, Vaccinium pennsyTvanlcUm 2,024 0.6 131 1.2 10 1.5 3.3 p W la sp.

' - ~ ~ ~

2,428 0.7 tr tr 10 1.5 2.2

.6&eCJ Total 347,639 m Shrubs ***

O Hamamelis virginiana 1.376 65.1 8530 55.1 60 40.0 160.5 g Quercus veTGlina <83 13.5 960 6.2 30 20.0 39.7 3 Sa ssa f r'a s71 bILm 445 21.2 6000 38.8 60 40.0 100.0 Total 2,104 h

1. Trees O

2 Q Cuercus alba Quercus velutina 4

168 2.3 97.7 0.3 38.2 0.8 9') . 2 10 100 9.1 90.9 12.2 287.8 g Total 172 m O

• Density expressed as number of individuale per acre, dominance as areal co.co;e in square feet per acre, and O- freauency as percent of sarrple plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the 6hree

{ @ relative values.

1. _ ** Calculations for dominance, reiative dominance, frequency, and relative frequency only.

• • • Dominance values for shrubs are corrected from those appearing in the July-September quarterly report (TI 1978).

tr = trace 9 9 9

O 1.2.2.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry). Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pennsylvanica) and lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium pennsylvanicum) continued to dominate the herb class in this sampling location (Table 1.2-7). The status of these species re-mained essentially unchanged: together they accounted for 87 percent of the density and 72 percent or the cover (dominance). Catbriar (Smilax rotundifolia),

which was present in 1975 but not in 1976 and 1977 sampling, was third in impor-tance followed by starry false Solomon's seal (Smilicina stellata) and black cherry (Prunus serotina). Ash (Fraxinus sp.) and witchhazel were observed for the first time in the herb class. Witchhazel is a common associate of the im-mature oak forest but ash has not been observed as a common species in similar types on the study area.

Sassafras was observed for the first time in the shrub class. An increase in dominance of this stratum reflected the addition of sassafras as well as several red maple and black cherry into the shrub class. In the tree stratum, one black cherry and two white oak reached tree class size, while one black oak was lost through normal tree fall. These changes contributed to substantial increase in importance of white oak but did not affect the species' rank in the tree stratum (Table 1.2-3). The second greatest increase in basal area of the communities sampled has occurred in this location (Table 1.2-3) . This large increase prob-ably resulted from the relatively larger mean basal areas of the established individuals, excellent growing conditions, and introduction of 18 nca individuals into the tree class during the monitoring period. Black oak accounted for nearly all of the stand increase (88 percent) .

1.2.2.5 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet). Rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), small stinging nettle (Urtica urens), jewelweed, and skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) were the four most important terrestrial herb class species in this location during 1978 sampling (Table 1.2-3). Small stinging nettle, although previously recorded (TI 1977), was not positively identified until 1978. Duck-weed (Lemna minor), with the highest importance value in the herb stratum, in-creased in importance from the 1977 sampling, probably due to near r.ormal water level in the sampling area. Although there have been significant fluctuations in the status of the more important herb class species (Table 1.1-2), total den-sity and dominance values have generally increased during the monitoring period (Tables 1.2-8 and 1.2-3). The greatest species diversity in the herbaceous 1-11 *'" * "' "'"'*'"

57003'y

Table 1.2-7 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Vegetation Sampled in Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) Comx rdty, Location 4A, Bailly Study Area, July 1978

• Relative Relative Relative Importance*

Scientific Name Density Density Dominance

• Dominance Frequency

• Frequency Value Herbs Acer rubrum 578 0.1 497 2.7 14 2.5 5.3 Carex pennsylvanica 298,898 70.4 2,796 15.4 57 10.3 96.1 Dicotolydonae sp. 578 0.1 tr tr 14 2.5 2.6 fraxinus sp. 578 0.1 tr tr 14 2.5 2.6 iniana 1,734 0.4 tr tr 14 2.5 2.9 Hanamelis LIthospermum virg ca% lInense 3,469 0.8 2.5 tr tr 14 3.3 Poa sp. 8,672 2.0 tr tr 43 7.7 9.7 Prunus serotina 10,985 2.6 1,119 6.2 43 7.7 16.5 f'

Quercus velutina 1,734 0.4 311 1.7 43 7.7 9.8 Rosa braRda 5,781 1.4 249 1.4 43 7.7 10.5 4W* h , Ifubus allEheniensis 578 0.1 124 0.7 14 2.5 3.3 s

kIfnd Sassafras albidum 578 2,891 0.1 62 0.3 14 2.5 2.9 fag Milax_ rotundIfoTia 0.7 2,051 11.3 43 7.7 19.7 8

..._J Smilicina stellata 13,875 3.3 621 3.4 57 10.3 17.0 C d

~~

SMidago sp. 1,156 0.3 U[2-

.id M. Tephrosia virginiana 1,156 71,111 0.3 tr tr tr tr 14 14 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 Vaccinium pennsylvanicum 16.8 10,315 56.8 100 18.0 91.6 y Total 424.352 Q ]nj f.. ,_

Shrubs ry g Acer rubrum 347 30.0 96 23.9 57 32.2 86.1 Prmus serotina 73*J; Quercus veTMTha

~

463 289 40.0 25.0 196 100 48.9 24.9 57 43 32.2 24.3 121.1 74.2

" "T. ^U Sassafras albidum 58 5.0 9 2.2 20 11.3 18.5 g b Total 1,157 C Trees 3 M.9 Lindera benzoin 6 3.0 0.4 0.4 14 8.9 12.3 0

8 CMa Prunus serotina 17 8.4 2.6 2.6 14 8.9 19.9 gc, _ Quercus 7 ba 23 11.4 2.1 2.1 29 18.5 32.0 g g.y Quercus seliitina 156 77.2 94.4 94.9 100 63.7 235.8 Total 202

{

@ M

• Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and 8 g frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three a O relative values.

tr = trace O

3 O O @

O Table 1.2-8 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Vegetation Sampled in Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) Community, Location 4B, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Pelative nce*

Scientific hame Ernsity* Density Dominance

• Domina nc e frequency

• Frequency , #

Herbs ula lutes 578 0.1 373 1.2 14 2.3 3.6 y%@%;,a sp. 60,127 9.2 SC8 2.7 29 4.7 16.6 Q- @ 6us stolonifera 4 , C>3 7 0.6 746 2.5 57 9.3 12.4 stopteris Vrijilis~

4,625 0.7 62 0.2 14 2.3 3.2 i;m aparine 578 0.1 62 0.2 14 2.3 2.6

... . hm~ c a na 3, o se 7,516 1.2 1.4 0.4 14 2.3 3.9

,.erigpitiens bifinra 55,501 8.5 1,93a 6.6 M 14.3 29.4

'- ' f ib ia ta 29,485 4.5 1,367 4.5 29 4.7 13.1

'."2. fl/.Fs ia ~oryz o id e s 104,643 16.0 2, FM 9.5 29 4.7 30.2

[" t ensi ~m i nd r- ~~- 20a 130 31. 9 1,429 4.7 14 2.3 32. 9

filant' dnam' h canadense 42,204 6.5 870 2.9 14 2.3 11.7

% 1EoclFi'sensiblis 33,735 5. 9 2,361 7.8 14 2.3 16.0 Osma Ji cinnah. sea 22,547 3.5 3,107 10.3 29 4.7 1 F: . 5 mm ia n ic u .: s'T~

p 4,04 7 0.6 tr tr 29 4.7 5.3

- Po rtEericcissus goinquafolis 578 0.1 3i 3 1.2 14 2.3 3C g 2" 1 , fi Iygonum a r iTol i im - -

13.297 2.0 994 3. 3 14 2.3 7.6

% knus vernix 578 0.1 62 0.2 14 2.3 2.6 H pT - - SalIx'~n liri 578 0.1 tr tr 14 2.3 2.4 W Uht A ]ih'4 d2Tcamara 578 0.1 62 9.2 14 2.3 2.6 r ~ 5 nplo 16,187 2.5 3,91 5 13.0 57 9.3 24.c E'Y " ths~ carpus rubra feet idas 2,313 0.4 62 0.2 14 2.3 2.9

% rtica d Uca 5,203 0.8 373 1.2 43 7.0 9.0 g[ Ud -gV'$urtica tv w.s Urtica Urenssp. 21.969 6,933 3.4 1.1 7,64 3 497 25.4 1.6 14 14 2.3 2.3 31.1 5.0 A * - 1,734 0.3 tr tr 14 2.3 2.6

% '; ',VidlaTotal sp. 652,)l/

Shrubs hsAcerAlnus M{*, rubrumincana 176 58 5.1 2.5 653 1 74 11.3 3.0 43 29 17.6 11.8 34.0 17.3 g Cornos stolonife ra E67 38.5 1 .871 32.3 57 23.3 94.1 O

Lindera tenzoin'~ 752 33.4 2.306 39.8 29 11.8 85.0 khus radicL E 58 2. 5 123 3. 0 29 11.8 17.3 h., Rhus vernix ^ 231 10.3 479 8.3 29 11.8 30.4 2 Fa1 fu n3ra _ _58 7.7 131 2.3 29 11.8 21.E 3 To tal 2,14]

O O Trees

1. Acer rubrum 110 55.6 29.0 58.9 86 43.2 157.7 O Betula lutea '7.7 5.0 10.2 35 43 21.6 49.5 2 Nyssa sy%tica 12 6.1 1.1 2.2 14 7.0 15.3 Pralis'sFr6tini 6 3. 0 1.1 2.2 14 7.0 12.2 y Sil ix-^nhra_ 6 3.0 5.6 11.4 14 7.0 21.4

$4ssa fras albidum 23 11.6 3. 0 6 . '. 14 7.0 24.7 illmus r@ri- ~ ~ ~ _6 3.0 4.4 8.9 14 7. 0 18.9 fl To tal 19d I

• Density expressed as number rif individuals per acre, dominance as areal ceverage in square feet rer acre, b and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Impo rta nc e val ue Is t he s um c f O the three relative values.

3 tr = trace

O stratum of the communities sampled, consistently a characteristic of the trans-mission corridor, occurred in the wet woods in 1978. This reflected a change in the transuission corridor rather than in the wet woods: the wet woods ex-hibited near usual herbaceous species diversity but the transmission corridor exhibited less due primarily to herbicide application along the corridor prior to the July 1978 sampling.

Shrubs remained about the same as in previous sampling periods with red ozier dogwood (Cornus stolonif era) and spicebush (Lindera benzoin) the nore important species. The introduction of poison ivy (Rhus radicans) and the increase in der.sity of red ozier dogwood, spicebush, and poison sumac (Rhus vernix) accounted for much of the increase in dominance. The increase in shrub species is indica-tive of the trend noted in the wet woods during the monitoring period: between 1974 and 1978, four new shrub species were introduced and one species was lost.

Except for black willow (Salix nigra),the status of the tree class species in the wet woods remained similar to previous sampling years. The loss of four black willows, which occurred in a single sampling plot, acccunted for the 58-percent decrease in tree growth durird the monitoring period (Table 1.2-3). g Two of the black willows were leaning duririg the 1977 sampling (TI 1978), and the other had fallen since then. Additional change in the tree stratum of the wet woods was the gain of one slippery elm (Ulmus _ rubra) and one red maple.

1.2.2.6 Cowles Bog (Open). Rice cutgrass and jewelweed with almost iden-tical importance values (60.1 and 61.9 respectively, Table 1.2-9), wer, the most important herb class species in 1978 aampling. These were followed by cattail, arrow-leaved tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum), and cJearweed (Pileu pumila). Hedge-nettle (Stachys palustris) increased significantly in importance, primarily because of an increase in its dominance.

Some fluctuation of those species designated important in this location has oc-curred during the monitoring period (Table 1.2-2), but the vegetation ground cover values appear to be more consistent than those of other types (Table 1.2-1).

Between 1976 and 1978, arrow-leaved tearthumb increased in the plots both in den-sity and dominance. These increases were reflected in the significantly larger 1978 importance value (up from 5 to 37). Although reported as common in swampy woods and grassy swales of the dunes area (Peattie 1930), this species apparently 1-14 579100 .cienc. oorvic . oivi. ion

Table 1.2-9 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Vegetation Sampled in Cowles Bog (Open) Community, Location 5, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Importance*

Scientific Nante Density

• Density Dominance

• Dominance frequenc3* Frequency Value Herbs Bidens_sp. 2,024 0.1 tr tr 20 3.6 3.8 Convolvulus sepium 7,689 0.7 522 1.7 10 1.8 a.2 Cuscuta 2ronaviU 8,094 0.8 44 0.1 40 7.1 8.0

[Mopjeris fragalis 405 <0.1 tr tr 10 1.8 1.8 Eu 4,452 0.4 609 2.0 10 1.8 4.2 In.patorium purpureum patiens biflora 331,354 30.8 5,003 16.1 80 14.3 61.2 Leerzia oryzoides 342,376 31.8 4,916 15.8 70 12.5 60.1 Pllea puihila 168,760 15.7 1,436 4.6 50 8.9 29.2 W6cnum sagittatum-- 45,326 4.2 7,091 22.9 60 10.7 37.8 Rosa sp. 9,308 0.9 653 2.1 10 1.8 4.8

$5Enum carolinense 4,452 0.4 348 1.1 10 1.8 3.3 g stachys stris 25,901 2.4 5,307 17.1 40 7.1 26.6 i TVs la@tifolia Ifrtica sp.

107,246 10.0 4,693 15.1 100 17.9 43.0

[ 17,402 1.6 305 1.0 30 5.4 8.0 Zizia aurea 2J28 0.2 87 0.3 20 3.6 4.1 Total 1,077,717

• Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of the three relative values.

tr = trace a

O_ -

, 4 o )

e a b I s .A E.

o 3

O is not common in swampy woods of the Bailly Study Area: it has not been ob- g served in sampling plots of wet woods community In the past two years but was reported as an incidental species prior to then (TI 1976).

Litter cover values appeared to fluctuate slightly more than vegetation cover values in the open bog (Table 1,2-1), primarily because of water level fluctua-tions in the sampling plots. No shrubs or trees were reported for this type.

1.2.2.7 Maple Forest Community. In 1978, black cherry remained the most important herb class species in this location, followed by jewelweed, virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), and spicebush (Table 1.2-10). As during 1977, enchanters nightshade (circea alpina), pale rose (Rosa pallida), and red maple were equal in importance, each with importance values near 18. In general, this understory was similar to that of the maple-beech forests described by Stearns and Kobriger (1975) and Curtis (1971). The floors of the maple-beech forests were typified by subdued light intensity and sparse understory except in openings caused by disturbance. In the openings, species with little shade tolerance, including black cherry, occurred in dense patches, and vegetative ground cover (dominance) reached 100 percent in many instances.

The increase in importance of black cherry in the shrub class reflected an in-crease of three individuals of this species and a loss of one red maple. The status of the tree species remained the same as during the 1977 sampling with red maple as the dominant species. Between 1977 and 1978 sampling, two red maples and one black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) were lost through normal treefall, liigh tree seedling mortality was apparent in this community during the monitoring period (TI 1975-1978). It is comparable to a similar stand predominated by sugar maple (Acer sarrharum) in Wisconsin, where mortality between seedling and shrub stages was greater than 97 percent (Curtis 1971). In the Bailly Study Area red maple community, red maple, red osier dogwood, and black cherry seedling to shrub density ratios of less than 0.03 substantiates a similar mortality pat-tern. Red maple, however, remained the most important tree species followed by black locust (Robir.ia pseudoacacia) and black cherry. During the past five years, red maple and black cherry accounted for 93 percent of the growth in this community (Table 1.2-3).

lll g 1-16 science services division

Table 1.2-10 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Vegetation Sampled in Maple Forest Community, Location 6, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Importance*

Scientific Nane Density

• Density Domi na nce

• Doninance Frequency

• Frequency Value Herbs Acer rubrum 5,666 6.1 44 0.5 50 11.9 18.5 Corex sp. 3,238 3.5 tr tr 10 2.4 5.9 CTrcaea alpina 10,522 11.3 392 4.3 10 2.4 18.0 Cornus florida 3,238 3.5 44 0. 5 30 7.1 11.1 talium aparine 405 0.4 tr tr 10 2.4 2.8 Ceum canadense 7,689 8.3 783 8.5 10 2.4 19.2

'GTecoma hederacea 2,428 2.6 tr tr 20 4.8 7.4 impatiens biflora 14,569 15.7 1,436 15.6 50 11.9 43.2 Eindera benzoin 5,666 6.1 1,001 10.9 33 7.1 24.1 Parthenocissus quinquefolia 11,736 12.6 653 7.1 30 i.1 26.8 Prunus serotiria 19,830 21.3 3,828 41.7 50 11.9 74.9 g Quercus velutina 405 0.4 tr tr 10 2.4 2.8 i Rosa blanda 4,452 4.8 566 6.2 30 7.1 18.1

[ fa TcETa trifoliata 405 0.4 tr tr 10 2.4 2.8 s5IIax herbacea 405 0.4 tr tr 10 2.4 2.8 551Heina racemosa 1,214 1.3 131 1.4 30 7.1 9.8 Urtica dI'oca 405 0.4 174 1.9 10 2.4 4.7 2izia aurea 809 0.9 1 31 1.4 20 4.8 7.1 93,082 g Total Y Shrubs p

U Acer rubrum 160 21.0 2,523 29.9 60 54. 5 105.4 foW us florida 40 5.3 174 2.1 20 18.2 25.6 O Prunus serotina M1 73.7 5,742 68.0 30 27.3 169.0 m CJ Total 761 0 e E Trees **

$ Acer rubrum 202 72.7 62.79 66.6 80 44.4 183.7 0 Crataegus crus-galli 8 2.9 1.1 1.2 10 5.6 9.7 m Prunus serotina 24 8.6 16.8 17.8 20 11.1 37.5 e Quercus alba 8 2.9 1.7 1.8 10 5.6 10.3 2 Robinia pseudo-acacia 30 10.10 10.2 10.8 50 27.8 48.7 g Sassafras albidum _H 2.9 1.7 1.8 10 5.6 10.3 o Total 278 m

g

• Density expressed as number of individuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, y and frequency as percer.t of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value is the sum of g the three relative values.

O ** Values for Acer rubrum and Robinia pseudo-acacia are corrected from those appearing in the 3 July-September 1978 quarterly reportTTIT978f tr = trace

O 1.2.2.8 Emergent Macrophyte Community. Samples from pond B in July 1978 yielded two species (Table 1.2-11). Bullhead lily (Nuphar variegatum) remained the most important spe 's while the second species, pondweed (Potamogeton.sp.),

increased in importance over the 1977 sampling. The status of common shoreline emergent species appeared to be similar to that of previous years.

A further discussion of the aquatic macrophyte community is in Section 2.4.

1.2.2.9 Transmission Corridor. Several weeks prior to the July 1978 sampling, the transmission corridor was treated with herbicide (see subsection 1.2.4) and several shrubs and trees were cut along the edge of the corridor. As indicated, this line maintenance affected the character of the sampling plots. The herbi-cide inhibited growth of broad-leaf (Dicot) species but had little or no appar-ent adverse effects on narrow-leaf (Monocot) species. The selective nature of the herbicide was apparent from the significant increase in importance of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi) and rice cutgrass (Tabla 1.2-12). In addition, these species showed little or no visible stress, while most broad-leaf species exhibited various degrees of leaf necrosis. Thirteen species observed in the 1977 sampling, 12 of them broadleaf taxa, did not occur in the 1978 sampling.

The treatment apparently also accounted for a 28 percent loss of diversity com-pared to the 1977 sampling.

1.2.3 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 1.2.3.1 Sedge Meadow Community. During the July 1978 sampling, 19 taxa, representing 38 percent of the common species in past samplings, were observed in this community (Table 1.2-13). Daisy fleabane (Erigeron strigosus), horse mint (Monarda punctata), and goat's rue (Tephrosia virginiana), were among the common species of 1977 that were not observed in the current sampling. Canadian anemone (Anemone canadense), not observed in previous sampling, was recorded for July 1978. The other species previously recorded in the location but not recorded in 1978 were absent or uncommon in 1977. Such differences in presence / absence are attributed to natural fluctuations in populations of these predominantly annual plants.

579104 $

l-18 science services division

Table 1.2-11 o Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Vegetation Sampled in Emergent Macrophyte Community, Location 7, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Relative Relative Relative Impo rta nce

• Scientific Name Density

• Density Dominance

• Dominance frequency

• Frequency Value N. Nuphar variegatum 9,066 90.3 768 92.8 0.28 77.8 260.9 Y Fotamogeton sp. 971 9.7 60 7.2 0.03 22.2 39.1 l,0 i Total 10,037 M

O

• Density expressed as numter of ir.dividuals per acre, dominance as areal coverage in square feet per acre, and frequency as percent of sample plots in which a species occurred. Importance value i s t he s um o f the three relative values.

Table 1.2-12 Density, Dominance, Frequency, and Importance Values for Vegetation Sampled in Transmission Corridor, Location 8, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 y

H Q3 S'I be l .t i ve Gel.tive Rela t t ve ler+rt.M e*

@ M* M ier.t i f ic None Msity* Der.s i t y bran n.% e

• Sw&.se F rewent y

• f reg ens e V. I .e se r t.s I 9  !.5 3.7 A hill e4 sn 111 e 41 i o 2 ,02 4 0.1 I li 2

% bdr , 3m f ra ni t A,e fn =1ie be,6,116 1,214 47.6 U .1 14 , t i ti 1-M 35.3 0 41 10 s 12. !

I h 95 2

2. 7 (ai es w t l ,514 4. 3 261 C.6 19 1. d. 6. 7 9 ( i re l e . r ver. .e 1,019 0.1 21M O. 5 23 15 41 o pa 3.1 el ^e 10 1.8 ' .1

, - i <. tf e yy Fryrie v i rj i n una F,0

• 0.1 44 G. I 10 f. 2. a C-~

• A : s m % s g;ptra 1,214 1.1 2el 0.6 10 1.E '* 2.5 Df7 pg $ ]ji ris ve r i-last., a ou r

i>ts 21,4 4 +

en

1. '

.)

1,1 11 44 2..

r j 10

1. 1. 4 t0 1,9 5eMio ,s/ 1, e. r s u a ry z a t ies 3;; ,97 2' 1 5,'it 12.2 4 .' l.' 42 5

(=w.t N re m,r i < s ta 4? CI 34- Cr 1.9 2.6 g

f w- nw

• bo w led ser.51() i g 12,9%d C,9 l,h2 3 12 v

33 b,3 3, 9 g .EQ4 fani i tien 'es tj ne 15, :k1 1.1 4 15 1.1 L' '. 3 7.5 f orthem nsus n~ew. 3,o42 c. 3 oe o is 2.,

cJ Dj 2

g $,m,.a.s

2 5,4 'e t.1

" E sb 1. x 3w 0. 9 v 3.5 3 g'rhA F .c ijf rue sgitt t r W+ 0.1 at C .1 13 1. 5 2.F

1. i #2' 55" I' 5 ' '5 I'5 O D f .7 ? "e r i sI "U " ii"" '.375 1hus" "l 0

y g]m '

t M a : . ",t.

u i ng groinmit.

53.016 i,2u

+ . 342 u

. 2 3.915 u4 i,m

9."

cu 24 15 k 15 s

• ~

4. i 12.7 g (i #

".J i to g i s; . -

%1 y; terus palust ris 4,452 123,414 G. ]

F.5 52?

4, N 1.3 10 5 12 40

5. 3 69 2 6. P

~' "-]

h- _F Tr a gew e n t I4 w i rp n,I~.e.

m,....

4,c % .) II. i.3 il 1. e 2.4 4.. a Su o o i.5 o O fs w T o t.1 1.443,3 1 g

a Q. -

w s it y c.gres sea .s noms., o r ino i v ie..i s t er ... re, e.v-r4nte .s are.1 c over. ie in s wa re veet per .er

.u f rew 4y .s tertent of ws.le pict s in m a s;n !rs ot :.rre . :mvrtas e vais n tw sr :*

t he t h ree re l d t i ve v. l ues ,

3 O

3

V Table 1.2-13 Vegetational Taxa Observed in Sedge Meadow Community, Location 9, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Scientific Name Common Name Acer rubrum Red maple Anemone canadensis Canadian anemone Carex sp. Sedge Euphorbia corollata Flowering spurge fiamameTii virginiana Witch-hazel Hieracium sp. Hawkweed Monarda fistulosa Wild bergamot P_anicum sp. Panic grass Pinus banksiana Jack pine Poa sp. Bluegrass Prunus serotina ~ Black cherry PTerslium aquilinum Bracken fern Quercus.velutina Black oak Posa blanda Pale rose Sassafras albidum Sassafras smilacina stellata Starry-fal se-Solomon's seal Tradescantia virginiana Spiderwort Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lowbush blueberry Vitis sp. Wild grape 1.2.3.2 Immature Oak Forest (Interdunal) Community. During the July 1978 sampling, 27 taxa were observed in this location. These species represented 47 percent of all the taxa observed in this type during the monitoring period.

Three taxa observed in the 1977 sampling (Table 1.2-14) - Lupine (Lupinus peren-nis), wild lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum canadense), and beardtongue (penstemon hirsutus) - were not observed during July 1978.

1.2.3.3 Wet Meadow Community. Seventy-five percent (15 taxa) of the repre-sentative taxa in the wet meadow were observed during the 1978 sampling. Several species not recorded for the 1977 sampling were observed during July 1978. All of the species (Table 1.2-15) are common for this type and occurred throughout the dunes area (peattie 1930).

1.2.4 FOLIAR EFFECTS. Foliar effects previously noted along the NIPSCo ac-cess road appeared to be diminishing. The large cottonwood that exhibited foliar damage in 1977 (TI 1977) appeared healthy during July 1978, and the white pines (pinus strobus) that incurred foliar damage during 1976 (TI September 1977a) ap- g peared to be recovering, although needle browning was still observed on old needles.

1-20 a

N8 science services division

O Table 1.2-14 Vegetational Taxa Observed in Immature Oak Forest (Interdunal) Community, Location 10, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Scientific Name Common Name Andropogon scoparius Little bluestem Apocynum medium Dogbane Artemisia campestris Wormwood Carex sp. Sedge

.Erigeron strigosus Daisy fleabane Euphorbia coroll'ata Flowering spurge Hamamelis virginiana Witch-hazel Helianthus divericatus Woodland sunflower Hieracium sp. Hawkweed Monarda fistulosa Wild bergamot Opuntia compressa Prickly-pear Panicum sp. Panic grass Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Pinus banksiana Jack pine Poa sp. Bluegrass

_ Prunus serotina. Black cherry Pteridium aoJilinum Bracken fern Quercus velutina Black oak Rosa blanda Pale rose Rubus sp. Blackberry Sassafras albidum Sassa fras Smilacina stellata S ta rry-fal se-Sol omon 's-seal Solidago sp. Goldenrod Tephrosia virginiana Goat's rue Tradescantia virginiana Spiderwort Vacc'nium pennsylvanicum Lowbush blueberry Vitis sp. Wild grape Table 1.2-15 Vegetational Taxa Observed in Wetland Meadow Community.

Location 11, Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Scientific Name Common Name Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem Cephalanthus occidentalis Button bush Impatiens biflora Jewelweed Leersia oryzoides Cutgrass Rhes vernix Poison sumac RhJs radicans Posson ivy 32TTx sp. Willow LaIIx nigra Blackwillow Sambucus canadensis Elderberry

' olanum dulcamara-S Nightshade Solanum carolinense Horsenettle Spirea alba Meadow-sweet Sp_irea tomentosa

~ypha T latifolia Steeple bush Cattail b73gp UrtTca dioca Stinging nettle g science services division

O Recent stress was observed along the South Shore and South Bend Railroad and Northern Indiana Public Service Company right-of-way area (sampling location 8, Figure 1.1-1). This stress was associated with selective brush removal and herbicide treatments. Selective brush removal occurred beneath and odjacent to the NIPSCo transmission line. Beneath the transmission line, several black cherry saplings were cut and felled into one of the sampling plots. Adjacent to the transmission line, along the eastern edge of the maple woods (sampling location 6), several trees and understory brush were removed.

The stress related to herbicide treatment was apparent on broadleaf (Dicot) spe-cies in the transmission corridor. Both NIPSCo and South Shore and South Bend Railroad use herbicide for vegetation control along their respective rights-of-way. The South Shore and South Bend Railroad has used herbicide annually for treatment of its right-of-way (beginning prior to 1974). The railroad has ap-plied a variety of selective and nonselective herbicides by broadcast and spot treatment method < (Personal communication with G.K. Clem, Manager-Engineering, South Shore and South Bend Railroad, Michigaa City, Indiana).

During early July 1978, Amdon-Ten K pellets were used for broadcast treatment kh of the NIPSCo right-of-way. This herbicide was developed as a selective brush and broadleaf weed-control agent (Personal communication with Dr. J.B. Grumbles, Dow Chemicals, Dallas, TX). Applied as recommended, Amdon-Ten K is safe for

dlife and enhances a ground cover composed of grasses. Under normal applica-tion and weather conditions, effectiveness of the herbicides used near or in the sampling plots lasts from 12 to 18 months. On this basis future vegetation sam-pling should reflect the 1918 treatment by showing an increasing importance of grass species.

1.2.5 SOIL CONDUCTIVITY. Electrical conductivity (soil salinity) values (Table 1.2-16) were generally greater than those for 1977, but were within the maximum and minimum mean values recorded between 1974-1978. As in previous years, May salinity levels were generally higher than those for July and October. Sampling locations with dry, well-drained sandy soils (types 1, 2, 3, and 10) had generally higher conductivity values in 1978 than in previous years, but the remaining locations, with wet, poorly-drained organic soils had conductivity levels similar to previous years. (h 579108 1-22 science services division

o Table 1.2-16 Average Soil Conductivity (umhos/cm) Values from 10 Locations, Bailly Study Area, Fby, July and October 1978 Sampling Location May Jul Oct Beachgrass (01) 228.6 148.5 125 Foredune (02) 754.5 196.0 150 Immature Oak Forest (03) 242.3 137.4 160 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Dry) (4a) 300.5 209.6 79 Cowles Bog (Wooded-Wet) (4b) 389.6 267.1 483 Cowles Bo9 (0 pen (5)* 418.0 368.6 695 Maple Forest (6) 631.1 339.3 410 Transmission Corridor (8) 387.4 189.4 237 Sedge Meadow (9) 250.2 152.4 71 Immature Oak Forest (Interdunal) (10) 377.3 164.9 336 Soils and conductivity values in Cowles Bog (5) and Wet Meadow (11) are similar.

The apparent conductivity patterns for the Bailly Study Area are consistent with principles of soil / salinity relationships presented by FA0/ UNESCO (1973) and Black (1954). Naturally occurring soluble salts tend to move with water and may be carried by precipitacion or runoff into topographically lower areas.

Ridges or hilltops in an area often are drier and have greater leaching of the soil due to runoff characteristics while moist areas or lowland basins receive runoff waters high in soluble salts from the upland areas. This process of out-ward movement of salts is called leaching.

Soluble salt concentrations in the surface soil vary seasonally and are closely related to the precipitation-evaporation characteristics of a site. After periods of considerable precipitation, salts may be leached from the site and during dry periods, evaporation of soil moisture draws salts to the surface where accumula-tion results. The evaporation characteristics, in turn, are influenced by soil structure and composition. Sites in the Bailly Study Area with high percentage of sand and low percentage of organic material generally are subject to greater icaching and less surface accumulation of salts from evaporation then soils with more organic material.

579w9 l-23 solonce services division

Vegetation cover types in an area are often correliited with soil, drainage and salt accumulation patterns. This is well illustrated by the vegetation cover types within the *udy area (Figure 1.2-1).

. For example, the beachgrass, fore-dune, immature oak forest, and immature oak forest (interdunal) cover types oc-cur on dry, well-drained sandy soils and have lower soluble salt concentrations than other cover types. Similarly, the Cowles Bo); (wooded wet) and Cowles Bog (open) cover types occur on wet, poorly-drained organic soils hauing the highest roluble salt concentrations. The remaining types represent areas with interme-diate soil characteristics and correspondingly intermediate conductivity values.

The effects of salts on vegetation are often evaluated on the basis of electrical conductivity of an aqueous solution (e.g., soil, irrigation, or rainwater). Salt solutions with electrical conductivity values of 0 to 2,000 micrombos/cm at 25 usually have negligible effects on plants; values from 2,000 to 4.000 may re-strict the yield of salt-sensitive crops; values from 4,000 to 8,000 restrict the yield of many plant species, and at values over 8,000 micrombos/cm only salt-tolerant species yield satisfactorily (Richards 1954). As shown in Table 1.2-16, the highest mean electrical conductivity value encountered was 754.5 micrombos/cm in the Foredune cover type. This is still far below salinity levels that might be harmful to crop or native plant species. From the existing data collected to date, it does not appear that natural salinity levels reach suffi-cient concentrations to create serious soil salinity problems.

COVER TYPES (SAPPLING LOCATIONS) FANtED BY PEAN S0IL CONDUCTIVITY Soll STRU(TURE/ COMPOSITION (nicromhos/cm @ 25* C) o ea

" e EEACHGRASS (1)

FOREDUNE (2)

IPMATURE OAK TOREST (3)

IMMATURE CAK FOREST (INTERE'UNAL) (10)

CCWLES COG (WOODED-DRY) (4) a e TRANSMISSION CORRICOR (8) ",

SEDGE MEADOW (9) h Y

• MAPLE FOREST (6) u e COWLES BOG (WOODED-WET) (4b) 7 g . .

CCWLES ROG (GFEN) (5) 3I e S0IL POISTURE Figure 1.2-1. Ik lationship of Vegetation Types, Mean Soil Conductivity, Soil Structure / Composition, and Soil Moisture for Sample Plots in the Bailly Study Area g science services division

FV 1.3 MAMM.itS 1.

3.1 INTRODUCTION

AND METHODS. The sampling techniques, locations (Fig-ure 1.1-1), and intensity used to survey mammals during 1978 were consistent with those cf previous years (TI 1975). Small mammal trapping data were col-lected during May and October, while data for larger mammals were collected in in May, July, and October. The road route survey for cottontail rabbits was run in May and July, as shown in Figure 1.3-1. An annotated checklist indicating common and scientific names of the species reported during 1978 is presented in Appendix B. Small mammal live-trapping data along assessment lines in live sam-pling locations are presented in Table 1.3-1. Larger mammal sightings and signs are summarized in Table 1.3-2. Figure 1.3-2 shows the numberc of mammal species encountered in each sampling location vnd each sampling period.

LAKE MICHlGAN N 13 PARK 12 16 22 g to POND C

@D 21 CCVLES BCG WEST P0t.D EAST ROAD o cco ll PORT 0 INDIANA 9 BETHLEHEM AND 8 NORTH ROAD MIDWEST STEEL 19 18 20 7

2 3 M I

6 START FERE 5 STCP HERE Figure 1.3-1. Twenty-Two Mile Road Route in the Vicinity of NIPSCo Bailly Study Area gg 1-25 science services division

O Table 1.3-1 Numbers of Small Mammals Captured per 100 Trapnights in Five Sampling Locations at the Bailly Study Area, May (M) and Octobe - (0), 1978 Sampling Locations Ima ture Transmission Beachgras' Oak Forest Cowles Bog (w) Maple Forest Corridor Species M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 Short-talleo -brew 0.3 0.3 0.7 3.0 0.3 7.3 Masked shrew 0.3 Eastern chipmunk 0.3 .0 0.3 1.7 0.3 Southern flying squirrel 0.3 Red squirrel 0.3 1.0 Wh te-footed rouse 0.7 1.3 0.3 1.3 2.3 67 1.7 Meadew vole 1.7 0.7 3.0 Meadow jumping nouse 1.3 0.3 2.3 Number /100 trapnight 0 4.0 0 1.9 1.6 2.6 2.3 12.4 1.6 14.6 Number of species 0 4 0 3 3 4 1 4 4 5 Total species 4 3 5 4 6 Table 1.3-2 Number or Signs (x) of Mammals Reported from Eight Sampling Locations at the Bailly Study Area, May (M), July (J), October (0), 1978 Sampling Lccation Ima ture Cowles Bog Ccwles Bog Maple Emergent Transmission Beachgrass Fore bne Oak Forest (Wooded) (0 pen) Forest Macrophyte Corridor Scecies M J 0 M J 0 M J 0 M J 0 M J 0 M J 0 M J 0 M J 0 Opossum x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Eastern male x x x x x x x Eastern cottontail rabbit x x x v x x 1 x 1 1 Eastern chipmurk 4 1 3 27 13 10 3 2 2 2 Woodchuck x x x I x Fox squirnel 1 1 8 2 3 1 1 Red souirrel 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 Muskrat 1 x Striped skurk 1 Raccoon x x < x x x x x x x 2 2 x x x x x 1 x x x x long-tailed weasel

• White-tailed deer x x x x x x x x x x 1 x x x x x x x x x x x x No of Species 3 . 4 3 5 4 6 6 6 7 9 7 4 6 4 6 5 6 2 3 3 3 3 4 Road

• ill just of f the imediate study area during July.

x06)I3 [I N / M M g 579112 v U kG @& k ]k[n & p Q 1-26 science services division

o

~

pay yg _

JUL*

OCT

~

TOTAL 14 -

C O

w 12 -

~

'.A t, 10 -

a -

![!!

"i -'

~

N .-

3~

v. e e -

,m  :

!a i p l w ', )

W

,.i ,

p '

D Cf ACHGPA% f or:E Dur

• IMMATURE CONLES COG COWLE> B0G MAPLE MACT:0PHfiE

• TRANEMISSION SliE p OAK ( WOODE C ) (Or[N )

• F r a[ ST CORRIDOR 3

• SMALL t1AMMAL TRAPPING NOT INCL'JDED 4

N e

sJ to a H Figure 1.3-2. Numbers of Mammal Species Encountered on the Bailly Study Area during 1978 O

3

O 1.3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1.3.2.1 Beachgrass Community. The 1978 mammal trapping results in this com-munity were most comparable to those of 1977, with notable increases in captures from May to October. No small mammals were captured during May, while at least one individual of each of four species was captured during October. Results in other years of the monitoring period also indicate pronounced changes in trap-ping success and/or fluctuations in small mammal populations from season to sea-son and year to year. Several factors may be involved. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) become virtually untrapable during certain months due primarily to excess food availability (Krebs et al. 1969). Other species (e.g., chipmunks) decrease activity or become dormant during prolonged hot or cold periods (Condrin 1936). The most important factor probably is winter dieof f, attributable to food scarcity from snow or ice accumulation and expiration due to extreme cold. Com-pensatory reproductive capabilities in turn enable population increases during moderate weather and when foods are readily available. Such extreme fluctuations in small mammal populations are not uncommon (Smith 1966).

Signs were reported for four species of larger mammals along the narrow beach-grass community during 1978 (Table 1.3-2). All except the eastern cottontail g

rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) were reported during the three sampling periods.

This community is used extensively by larger mammals as a migration curridor to and from the Lake Michigan lakefront.

1.3.2.2 Foredune Community. As in past years, small mammal trapping was not conducted in the foredune. Five species of mammals, including the only striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) sighted on the study area, were reported from this transitional community in 1978. The striped skunk is predominately carnivorous, feeding on whatever animal life is most plentiful (Martin et al. 1951); eggs of ground-nesting birds are a favorite food.

1.3.2.3 Immature Oak Forest. Three species of small mammals were captured during 1978 in this locale (Table 1.3-1). Captures per 100 trap-nights were lower (1.9) than those of 1977 (5.6). The reduced number of captures in lake-front locales, possibly reflecting low population levels, was believed to be caused by the extreme weather conditions during winter 1977-78.

1-28 science se~ vices division

O The eastern chipmunk (Tamia_s, striatus) was the most commonly sighted species during 1978 in the immature oak forest (Table 1.3-2). Fox squirrels (Sciurus niger), the most abundant tree squirrel throughout Indiana (Muniford 1969),

were sighted during May and October, as were red squirrels (Tamiasciurus bud-sonicus). The red squirrel, unlike the fox squirrel, is distributed in suit-able habitat only in the northern third of Indiana (Mumford 1969). Tracks were reported for the raccoon (Procyon lotor), opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during each sampling period.

1.3.2.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded). Live-trapping in the wooded bog in 1978 pro-duced five species of small mammals (Table 1.3-1). The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and eastern chipmunk, both common woodland inhabitants, were taken during May and October, while the others were captured in only one period. The southern flying squirrel (Glaucomy volans) captured during May in the wooded bog was the only 1978 sighting of the species on the study area.

Flying squirrels, although rarely sighted during the day, are probably fairly abundant in the wooded bog. Mumford (1969) noted that this species is most abundant in mature and over-mature hardwood stands such as those found in the Indiana State forests.

Two of the trapped mammals and seven others were sighted or reported from tracks or signs in the wooded bog (Table 1.3-2). Four of these were encountered during each sampling period. The 12 mammal species reported in this sampling locale represented two-thirds of those found on the site (Figure 1.3-2).

Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), seen in past years at least once twice in Cowles Bog woods, have always been uncommon on the study area. No sightings were made during 1978, perhaps indicating that the trend of decreasing popula-tions noted in the northern third of Indiana during the mid-60's (Mumford 1969) is continuing.

1.3.2.5 Cowles Bog (Open). Six mammal species were reported from the open bog in 1978 (Table 1.3-2). Two, the eastern cottontail rabbit and woodchuck (Marmota monax), were sighted, while the others were reported from tracks, seats, or other visible signs. The dike running along the southern boundary of the open h bog was the location of many of the observations.

1-29 science services division

O 1.3.2.6 Maple Forest. The white-footed mouse was the only small mammal captured during May 1978 in the maple forest (Table 1.3-1). October trapping yielded three additional species, as well as an overall increase of approxi-mately 10 individuals per 100 trap-nights. The second highest overall abun-dance (number per 100 trap-nights) of small mammals on the site occurred in this locale durint; October.

Five other species of mammals were sighted or reported by signs or tracks from the maple forest (Table 1.3-2); the fox squirrel was the only one sighted.

1.3.2.7 Emergent Macrophyte Community. The muskrat (Ondatra zibethica) and raccoon were sighted in this locale and tracks of the opossum and white-tailed deer were observed (Table 1.3-2). Both the raccoon and muskrat are com-mon inhabitants of the macrophyte community. While the muskrat spends most of the time in or near water, good raccoon habitat, as noted on the Jasper-Pulaski Wildlife Area in northern Indiana (Lehman 1977), includes a mixture of timber and wetlands. Muskrat numbers have declined en the Bailly Study Area during the past two years, although there is no apparent reason.

1.3.2.8 Transmission Corridor. The greatest number of small mammal species captured on the Bailly Study Area during 1978 (6) was taken in this locale (Table 1.3-1). Three species, the short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), meadow vole, and meadow jumping mouse (Zapus M dsonicus), were trapped during May and October. Following trends on the site, each was captured more frequently in October. Captures of the short-tailed shrew, a vc nious little species that consumes approximately its weight in food each day (Earbre 1975), increased durim October (22 captures versus one in May). Those of the meadow vole and meaj amping mouse increased more moderately. Peak population levels, activ-ity ;. ds, or trapping susceptibility of the meadow jumping mouse reportedly are greatest during August (Rybak et al. 1975).

An eastern chipmunk was also captured in this locale during October. Chipmunks are rarely seen out of nonforested habitat. It is doubtful that the NIPSCo right-of-way represents a barrier for chipmunks, since right-of-ways as wide as 100 meters apparently do not inhibit movements of smaller mammals (e.g.,

white-footed mice and short-tailed shrews)(Schreiber and Graves 1977).t- w 4 a o Of. .,. a 1-30 science services division

O Additionally, two chipmunk sightings were recorded along the transmission cor-ridor during October. Cottontails were observed during May and July, while surface runways of the eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) were distributed along much of the transmission corridor during all three sampling periods. The east-ern mole constructs two types of runways, surtace (approximately 2 to 5 centi-meters deep) and underground [approxim .ely 10 to 40 centimeters deep (Harvey 1976)]. Surface runways were visible in other sampling locales on the Bailly site.

1.3.2.9 Road Route. The May and July 1978 road route surveys for cottontail rabbits produced fewer sightings than past surveys, except that of April 1975 (Table 1.3-3). As in past surveys, the majority of the sightings occurred with-in the first ten stops.

Table 1.3-3 Cottontail Rabbit Sightings along a 22-Mile Road Route near the Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Month of Observation Jun Aug Apr Jul May Jul May Jul May Jul Stop 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1

2 2 3

4 4 2 3 3 1 5 1 1 2 6 3 3 6 4 1 2 1 2 7 4 2 2 7 5 2 1 3 3 7 1 1 8 4 1 1 3 9 2 1 1 10 5 1 11 3 1 1 2 12 2 1 2 1 1 3 13 2 1 14 1 15 1 15 3 1 2 17 1 1 1 18 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 i9 1 1 1 4 1 20 2 1 21 3 22 Total 24 13 6 19 15 34 18 12 7 7 Observations / Mile 1.1 0.6 0.3 . . . , 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 Extreme 1977-78 winter weather conditions may have been responsible for the noticeable reduction in rabbits, although, as we have reported in the past,

${OJ,4 *aj 1-31 science services division

o cottontail population fluctuations are not unusual. Low numbers of cotton-tails were also reported during 1978 by other investigators using the roadside survey censas method (Ill. Natur. Hist. ;urvey 1979).

1.3.2.10 Yearly Comparisons. For the past five years mammal populations on the Bailly Study Area have been monitored at an approximately equal level of effort. Some of the more important trends are included in the following dis-cussion.

Small mammal populations on the Bailly Study Area generally fluctuate more within a year than from year to year. October trapping has generally produced greater catches than thy trapping, probably indicating an overall post-winter recovery of small mammal numbers (populations). Peak populations may occur between May and October or during late fall (November or early December). It is unlikely that any small mammal population would peak much later than December.

Both small and larger mammal utilization of the study area appears to have re-mained fairly constant, except for decreases in muskrat numbers from aquatic habitat and the apparent absence of gray squirrels from forested habitat. Cot-tontail rabbit populations also appear to be experiencing a decline.

g 1.3.2.11 Disease and Parasites. No noteworthy occurrences of diseases were en-countered during 1978 sampling. A previous report (TI 1975) described sources and vectors of mammalian disease.

1.4 AVIFAUNA (BIRDS) 1.

4.1 INTRODUCTION

AND METHODOLOGY. The objectives of the avifauna study have been previously stated, as ham the methods (TI 1975). Birds were observed during Fby, July, and October 1978. Transect counts in sampling locations 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and along Cowles Bog tr nl (Figure 1.1-1) were accomplished during May and October (Tables 1.4-1 through 1.4-4). Roadside surveys (Figure 1.3-1) for Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and Mc- ting Dove (Zenaida .nacroura) were run during May and July (Table 1.4-5). Birds inhuvit ng aquatic areas (Fig-ure 1.4-1) were censused during May and October and the results of these surveys given in Table 1.4-6. A checklist of all species observed in 1978 and reported since 1974 and an annotated checklist of 1978 species occurrences on the study area are presented in Appendix C.

g 1-32 science services division

O Table 1.4-1 Mumbers of Birds per 100 Acres Calculated for the Beachgrass and Immature Oak Communities on the Bailly Study Area, 1978 Sampling Locations Beachgrass Immature Oak May Oct May Oct Species a* b* a b a b a b Eastern Phoebe 116 Willow Flycatcher 58 Blue Jay 58 116 Common ' Crow 116 Gray Catbird 58 Philadelphia Vireo 58 Magnolia Warbler 116 Black-throated Green 58 58 Warbler Blackburnian Warbler 58 Chestnut-sided Warbler 58 Scarlet Tanager 58 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 58 Dark-eyed Junco 279 116 No. of Species 0 0 1 0 8 5 1 1 Total Species 0 1 11 2 Transects.

1.4.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1.4.2.1 Beachgrass Community. The Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) was the only species reported from transect surveys along the beachgrass community in 1978 (Table 1.4-1). The Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) was the only other spe-cies that occurred commonly in this locale. Both are commonly observed over other open habitats on the Bailly Study Area.

1.4.2.2 Immature Oak Forest Community. Eleven of the 13 species of birds reported in this community in 1978 were sighted during Fby and the other 2 were seen during October. The Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) and Common Crow (Corbus brachyrhynchos) are considered permanent residents, while the others are seasonal residents or migrants, 579119 l-33 science services division

rg o

, ewawdauaN,L Large numbers of migrating songbirds (passerines) enter and exit Indiana by way of the forested communities that border the southern shoreline of Lake Michigan. Some, as noted by numerous dead birds occasionally found along the beachfront, expire during the migratory journey. Songbirds generally have a 50 percent chance of surviving one year, with mortality greatest during migra-tion or periods of severe weather (Robbins 3978).

1.4.2.3 Cowles Bog (Wooded). Transect surveys during May and October 1978 revealed 18 species of birds in the wooded bog (Table 1.4-2). Fifteen species were sighted during May, and four species were sighted during October, with the Wood Thrush (Ilylocichla mustelina) the species observed during both periods.

Wood Thrushes were abundant in the wooded bog during 1978, as indicated by Cowles Bog trail data as well (Table 1.4-3) . Six species of warblers were sighted dur-ing May; all are migrants or sunmer residents.

The diversity of habitat (dry, wet, open, forested) in a community such as the wooded bog strongly influences the number of species present (Galli et al.1976) .

Table 1.4-2 Numbers of Birds per 100 Acres Calculated for the Cowles Bog (Wooded and open) Community on the Bailly Study Area, 1978 Sailing Locatiocs Cowles Een (wo44) ( wles gog (0 pen)

"ay Oc t Ma r Oc, t

'tr m s' ** a t- a

• a b Maliarj 54 5d war f ruck sa Red- heade l = o +;e 6 er rj B l ue Ja y lif Plac k -car t v o Chic k nice ei lorttille t %rs k .ren M

%crt-bille1 Nrsh n ren H 116 Gra f CatMr H *a Accr i c .gn , ,r i o 5 a md Rru@ 116 M keery i1 5tarlMg a4 1 i <d n .c rewnM e i r g o ' 116 Whi te-a m t V i rm 3 53 En i i a.:e 1 ;f i . ; ac., t a

'n 3 rt,1 I r ; y i ri rs CJ Gol den-w w ,od arr i er r-vel t ,..run ed na e er u 174 174 h ll rw . art lar 174 wa rcli a kartier 116

• curni n g nirt.ier M .

Canais urtler >

Amrier Deds ta rt '2 Ilt Ce d - g i n grij bl4chtir3 l ! f; l /4 L22 174 Coas,nn Gra c k l e 240 Prowmbea ted C .wri rd $3 Mari ca , (< : F i nth 53 Cark-e yed J.mco 116 51 sha# O 7 ;'a re0w f 6 kh i t e - t h rn h

• e4 '.;' a rr _ n '

59 0, ef nim '

3 3 4 6 4 6 Tct0 ' rec ta s 1; 5 /

T ra a s e( t s , 579120 1-34 science services division

O 1.4.2.4 Cowles Bog (open). Sixteen species of birds were reported along transects in the open bog during 1978 (Table 1.4-2). Ten species were observed during May, while seven species were noted during October. The Red-winged Black-bird (Agelaius phoeniceus) was observed during both months. It was also one of the most abundant species during May and October. Redwings nested by the hun-dreds in the cattail marsh in the open bog during May, and roosted by the thou-sands in the cattails during October. Of the 34 million terrestrial birds that are estimated to breed in Indiana, nearly 10 percent (3 million) are Red-winged Blackbirds (Webster 1966).

1.4.2.5 Cowles Bog Trail. The trail through the wooded bog traverses some of the most productive habitat for wildlife on the Bailly Study Area. The di-versity of habitat accounts for the species represented. The 1978 lby and Oc-tober surveys along the eight sections of Cowles Bog trail accounted for 36 bird species (Table 1.4-3). Twenty-nine species were sighted during May and 8 species were sighted during October. The Gray Catbird (Dgmetella carolinensis) was observed along all eight transects during May. Other common species in-cluded the Blue Jay, Wood Thrush, American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), and Red-winged Blackbird. These species were also common along transects in Cowles Bog (wooded).

1.4.2.6 Maple Forest Community. Twelve bird species, nine during May and four during October, were observed in the maple forest (Table 1.4-4). The Blue Jay was sighted during Fby and October. Birds inhabiting the maple forest were those typically associated with other forest habitats on the Bailly Study Area.

1.4.2.7 Transmission Corridor. Only six birds were noted in 1978 in this location, four in May and two in October (Table 1.4-4). Unlike forested habi-tats on the Bailly Study Area, the transmission corridor contains primarily grasses and other low herbaceous vegetation, with comparatively little strati-fication. The lack of significant stratification limits the kind of roosting, nesting, and other spaces so that fewer species utilize this locale.

1.4.2.8 Road Route Census. The road route census was conducted during May and July 1978 (Table 1.4-5) along the 22-mile route shown in Figure 1.3-1. The census is conducted primarily to monitor trends in two of Indiana's important game birds, the Ring-necked Pheasant and Mourning Do7e.

1-35 aclence services division 5?S121

Table 1.4-3 Numbers of Birds per 100 Acres for Each Transect along Cowles Bog Trail on the Bailly Study Area, May (M) and October (0), 1978 375-Ft Transects 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Species M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 Mallard 116 116 Yellow-billed Cuckoo SS Common Nighthawk 58 Common Flicker 58 Eastern Kingbird 58 Blue Jay 116 58 58 58 58 White-breasted Nutnatch 58 Brown Creeper 58 Tufted Titmouse 116 Shortbilled Marsh Wran 116 58 58 Gray Catbird 116 116 58 116 116 53 58 116 Brown Thrasher 58 58 7

u American Robin 174 58 58 58

• Wood Thrush 58 58 58 116 116 58 58 58

• /I Swainson's Thrush 58 s} Cray-cheeked Thrush 58

)

.A Veery Ruby-crowned vinglet 58 58 116 58 3 116 g White-eyed Vireo 58 Yellow-throated Vireo 58 4

Red-dyed Vireo 58 58 58 Warbling Vireo 58 58 58 Magnolia Warbler 116 58 Bay-breasted Warbler 116 58 Nashville Warbler 58

$ Wilson Warbler 58 58 Hooded Warbler 116

$ Canada Warbler 116 58 58 174 O American Redstart 116 58 58 58 116 8 Red-winged Blackbird 232 116 58 58 58 8 Common Grackle 58 58 58

$ Brown-headed Cowbird 116 i Scarlet Tanager 58 O Rufous-sided Towhee 58

$ White-throated Sparrow a 58 116 g Fox Sparrow c7 No. of Species 12 4 9 4 5 8 3

{ 1 6 1 11 2 8 1 9 2 m

E Total Species (36) 14 12 6 10 7 13 9 11 s

@ 9 e

O Table 1.4-4 Numbers of Birds per 100 Acres for the Maple Forest and Transmission Corridor on the Bailly Study Area, May and October 1978 Maple Forest Transmission Corridor May October May October Species a* b* a b a b a b Mallard 58 Hairy Woodpecker 58 Blue J.ay 58 116 Brown Creeper 58 American Robin 58 58 Veery 116 White-eyed Vireo 58 Philadelphia Vireo 58 Blackburnian Warbler 116 Canada Warbler 58 American Redstart 174 58 Red-winged Blackbird 58 Rosebreasted Grosbeak 58 Dark-eyed Junco 58 Field Sparrow 58 Tree Sparrow 58 58 White-throated Sparrow 58 No. of Species 6 4 2 2 3 2 2 0 Total Species 9 4 4 2 Transects.

The Ring-necked Pheasant was not observed during May and July along the 22-mile road route. Pheasants have always been uncommon in the study area, with gener-ally only one or two sightings per survey. Mourning Dove observations were also down slightly from past years. Only 2 and 10 sightings were made during thy and July respectively.

The species counted in most numbers during both surveys was the Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis). Gulls and other shore and wading birds congregate on the lake and beach near the Bailly discharge canal, which is near one of the stops on the road route.

The most frequently sighted species during May was the Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), observed on 18 stops. The Mourning Dove was the most frequently sighted species during July.

1-37 57S123 =cience services oivision

O Table 1.4-5 Number of Observations and Number of Stops Recorded for Each Species along the 22-Mile Road Route Conducted in the Vicinity of Bailly Study Area, 1978 tiay July No. of Stops No. of Stops Species Obse rva ti ons Observed Jbservations Observed Great Blue Heron 1 1 2 2 American Kestrel 2 2 Least Sandpiper 1 1 Killdeer 2 2 Herring Gull 15 1 18 1 Ring-Billed Gull 185 2 123 1 Bonaparte's Gull 6 1 Ruddy Turnstone 14 1 Rock Dove 4 2 Mourning Dove

• 2 2 10 7 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1 1 Chimney Swift 2 1 1

1 Belted Kingfisher l 1 Common Flicker 3 3 5 1 Red-headed Woodpecker I l Hairy Woodpecker 1 1 1 I Downy Woodpecker 2 2 Clif f Swallow 3 1 Tree Swallow 4 2 12 4 Barn Swallow 4 1 3 2 Bank Swallow 7 1 Blue Jay 9 8 9 6 Comon Crow 1 1 8 5 Carolina Wren 1 1 Gray Catbird 13 7 3 3 Brown Thrasher 1 American Robin 33 16 10 6 Veery 4 4 4 3 Starling 16 5 Philadelphia Vireo i 1 Red-eyed Vireo 1 1 Warbling Vireo 5 3 Blackburnian Wa 3r 1 1 Yellow Warbler 4 3 Canada Warbler 2 2 Magnolia Warbler 2 2 Comon Yellowthroat I l American Redstart 1 1 2 1 House Sparrow 13 5 17 5 Red-winged Blackbird 18 6 13 6 Q Rusty Blackbird Corron Grackle 31 18 14 8

4 4

Q

,q Brown-headed Cowbird '

I g

Cardinal 8 5 1 1 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 10 6 1 1 b Indigo Bunting 1 1 D American Goldfinch 2 2 Rufous-sided Towhee 1 1 Chipping Sparrow 1 1 Song Sparrow 4 4 1 1 Tree Sparrow 7 3 5 2 No. of Species 43 30 Game species.

1-38 science services division

O Data collected during 1978 along the road route was similar to past years in both numbers of species and numbers of individuals observed.

1.4.2.9 Aquatic Sampling Locations. Since May 1977 comparative surveys for aquatic birds have been made during May and October at 10 aquatic locations (Figure 1.4-1) on the Bailly Study Area. During each survey, period maximum counts of aquatic birds are made for each location. Table 1.4-6 presents 1978 aquatic survey data.

Sampling locations with the greatest numbers of species and individuals were B, C, and J (Table 1.4-6). Ponds B and C were utilized heaviest by waterfowl during October. The Bailly discharge area (J) contained greater numbers of shore birds during May, although the dif f erence between Fby and October usage was not so great as noted on the ponds. Most of the birds assembled during bby and October were migrants, although small numbers of some of the species do breed in the area. As many as 100,000 dabbling ducks [e.g., Fbilard (Anas platyrhynchos), Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)) and 75,000 diving ducks (e.g., Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris)) migrate through an area encompassing northcentral Indiana (Be11 rose 1968).

As in past surveys, the >bilard was generally the most frequent and abundant waterfowl species sighted on the study area, possibly because Indiana is about midway between the principal breeding and wintering grounds of the species (Bellrose and Crompton 1970). The Ring-billed Gull was the most abundant spe-cies counted in 1.978, and practically all of these sighted occurred along the lakefront. A maximum count of 210 individuals was tallied during Fby surveys, while a maximum of 51 individuals was observed during October aquatic bird sur-veys; a greater number (123), however, was observed in the same location during the October road route survey (Table 1.4-5).

The species of gulls that occur on the Bailly Study Area are primarily fish eaters and scavengers (Martin el al. 1951). Desirable fish (game species) constitute a minor part of their diet and the service they render in scavenging marine and other detritus is considerable.

5 9/25 1-39 science services division

LAKE MICHIGAN BAILLY DISCHARGE AREA

/ / I m -

-a -  % ,

//

C

//I / ~ )

'~Q '~ ; c?

[ & Eb ' b' h c

'[y Ql D s .

o

^

m #

F u- *

).U})'Itva

oon. -

o

.sog, 3

"7 o  !

2

.)

g 7 v

/

a f Figure 1.4-1. Major Aquatic Habitats (A through J) Utilized by Water Birds on the Bailly Study Area, 1978 6l 3

@ O 6

Table 1.4-6 Maximum Nutabers of Aquatic and Shore Birds Observed durir.g Aquatic Bird Surveys from 10 Sampling Locations on the Bailly Study Area, May (M) and October (0), 1978 Aquatic Sampling Locat:ons A B C D E F G H I J Species M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 M 0 Horned Grebe 2 Pied-billed Grebe 2 1 2 3 3 2 Double-crested Cormorant 1 Great Blue Heron 1 Great Egret 1 Green Heron 2 1 1 7 1 Black-crowned Night Heron 1 Least Bittern 1 7g Canada Goose 1

$s  ; Mallard Black Duck 1 2 2 3 76 10 2 4 3 9 2 2 1 p Gadwall 13 y Pintail 21 y Green-winged Teal Blue-winged Teal 39 12 American Wigeon 56 Northern Shoveler 1 Wood Duck 7 2 Ring-necked Duck 18 Q Cocoon Merganser 1 g Sora 1 s Common Gallinule 2 Q American Coot 9 20 3 2 4 12 18

, Killdeer 2 o Ruddy Turnstone 6 20 2 Herring Gull 34 13 E Ring-billed gull 210 51

$ Bonaparte's Gull 37 3 g Connon Tern 2 7

Belted Kingfisher 2 1 1 2 1 m

6 No. Species (29) 3 9 10 4 5 1 7 2 2 8 s

O

[

1.4.2.10 Annual Bird Comparisons (1974-1978). Few changes in species or numbers l' ave occurred f rom the onset of the >tudies on the Bailly Study Area.

g Grebes have occurred in about equal numbers and at the same locations. Gen-erally, waterfowl numbers and species have fluctuated little, although two species, the Black Duck (Anas rubripes) and Wood Duck, appear to be decreasing in numbers slightly. Ilawks and owls have never been common on the study area.

Wading birds remained in the reduced state noted during 1977. Numbers of in-dividuals of commonly sighted passerine species were up slightly from 1977 re-sults.

1.5 AMPillBIANS AND REPTILES 1.

5.1 INTRODUCTION

AND METHODOLOGY. IIerpetofauna were sampled during May and July 1978. Moderate temperatures during the May sampling periods accounted for a substantial amount of chorus activity . The intensity and sampling loca-tions were identical to 1975.

Sampling locations (1-8) are noted in Figure 1.1-1. The results of surveys with-in these locations are reported in Table 1.5-1 and Appendix D. No attempt was made to calculate abundanca, since most sightings occurred away from established transects.

1.5.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1.5.2.1 Lakefront Communities, The blue racer (Coluber constrictor) was the only species observed in the three lakef ront communities in 1978 (Table 1.5-1).

The large (1 meter) individual observed appeared to be searching for food. Small mammals, an important item in the diet of larger racers, were scarce in these communities during May 1978 (see subsection 1.3.2.1) .

1.5.2.2 Cowles Bog (Wooded). Six species of herpetiles were observed in the wooded bog, five during May and two during July (Table 1.4-1). Cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) and gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor) were abundant, with chorus activity noted from numerous locations. Most of the gray treefrog calling came from high in the forest canopy. The gray treefrog is the only arboreal am-phibian in Indiana (Minton 1966). g 1-42 science nervices division

O Table 1.5-1 Relative Abundance of Amphibians and Reptiles Observed in Eight Sampling Locations at the Bailly Study Area, May (M) ana July (J), 1978 Sampling Locations

• Cowles Cowles Maple Emergent Transmission Beachgrass Foredune Oak Forest Bog (W) Bog (0) Forest Macrophyte Corridor Species M J M J M J M J M J M J M J M J Amphibians Red-backed salamander C American toad U Cricket frog A A A Spring peeper A C y Gray treefrog A C C Bull frog C C Green frog U C U U V Wood frog C Reptiles Painted turtle A A Northern water snake C U g Blue racer U iii Eastern hognose snake U 3

g Eastern garter snake U

$ Total (13) 1 0 0 5 4 3 5 1 2

• g A = Numerous individuals observed, C = Several observations, U = Only one or two observations.

a 1

2.

o 3

Green frogs (Rana clamitans), which were observed during both surveys, appeared considerably less abundant in the wooded bog than during past years. This spe-cles overwinters in the larval stage (tadpoles), transforming into the adult stage in the spring. Low water levels in the wooded bog, combined with cold temperatures during winter 1977-78, possibly killed a number of 1;reen f rog larvae.

1.5.1.3 Cowles Bog (open). Large choruses (50+ Individuals) of cricket frogs and spring peepers (llyla cruicifer) were hcard in the open bog during May 1978.

A small chorus of gray treefrogs and an occasional green frog were also heard.

Rainfall plays an important roll in anuran emergence and chorus activity. Spe-cies such as the green frog are capable of emergence during periods of warm rainfall when air temperatures are as low as 40 F (Martof 1953) . It is quite possible that peak emergence preceded May sampling.

1.5.2.4 Maple Forest. The spring peeper was the only species commonly ob-served in the maple forest. Peepers become quite obscure when they are not calling. and although undoubtedly present during July, none were sighted. One eastern hognose snake (lleterodon platyrhinos) was observed along the floor of the maple forest community. The hognose has not been previously reported from the maple forest; it is also uncommon in other habitats on the site.

1.5.2.5 Emergent Macrophyte Community. Three of the five species of herpe-tiles observed in this sampling location occurred during both May and July (Table 1.5-1). Cricket frogs were abundant during May. Painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) were observed sunning on above-water structures during both sampling periods, liabitat within the macrophyte community is excellent for painted turtles since they are quiet water turtles that feed on all sorts of plant and animal material (Cochran and Goin 1970). The northern water snake (Natrix s1pedon) was another fairly common inhabitant of the macrophyte commun-ity. This community has through the years produced consistently equal numbers of species and individuals.

1.5.2.6 Transmission Carridor. The American toad (Bufo americanus) was the only species encountered along the transmission corridor during 1978. Toads are almost exclusively insectivoruc, with ants and beetics making up 70 to 80 percent of their diet (Clark 1974).

1-44 science services division 579130

O 1.5.2.7 Annual Comparisons. The changes in amphibian and reptile popula-tions on the Bailly Study Area have been generally subtle. Each year there appear to be fewer individuals of many of the reptile species (especially snakes and lizards), although few of the reptile species present have ever been observed to be common.

1.6 INVERTEBRATES 1.

6.1 INTRODUCTION

AND SAMPLING REGIME. Entomological sampling in 1978 on the Bailly Study Area comprised 26 samples from established vegetative and aquatic 1ceations and reconnaissance over the entire site, especially to deter-mine butterfly activity and presence and extent of pest activity. The number of somples taken represented the secluded couplement: sweepnet and litter samples from locations 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 6, and 8; dipnet samples from locations 2, 4B, 5, 6, 7, and 8; and lighttrap samples from 1, 2, 3, 4B, 6, and 8 (Figure 1.1-1).

Sampling methods are described ir. the Standard Operating Procedure for the Northern Indiana Public Service Company's Bailly Station Nuclear 1 (Tl 1978) and the 1974-1975 annual report (TI 1975).

Sampling conditions on the study area in general were good. Two aquatic loca-tions not sampled during the previous summer, 2 and 4B, again contained suffic-ient water for sampling. The level of standing water in location 4B, the wet woods of Cowles Bog, is maintained naturally and typically fluctuates with the season and amount of precipitation; tha low level of last summer (1977) reflected the drought conditions prevalent in the area during spring 1977. The cattail /

shallow pool habitat of location 2, on the other hand, is maintained partially by drainage shunted into the location. The area was drained in summer 1977 to allow construction of a fence around the Bailly plant, but the viable conditica of the vegetation and advanced recovery of the arthropod community a year later indicated disturbance of the habitat was only temporary and probably did not im-pact the site's entomological fauna.

Besides the more normal rainfall that preceded 1978 entomological sampling, a second factor contributing to good sampling conditions was the stability of atmospheric conditions during the sampling period. Daily temperatures were more typical of July than during 1977 sampling, when a record low temperature occurred, and most days were fair rather than cloudy and windy as in 1977. The 1-45 solence servicos division NH3f

O coolest sampling temperatures in 1978 (approximately 14 to 17 C) occurred while lighttrapping locations 4B, 6, and 8. These temperatures apparently O affected the activity of some insect groups but apparently not that of moths, which are captured most effectively at lighttraps.

1.6.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Entomological taxa identified during July 1978 sampling on the Bailly site are listed on Table 1.6-1. The number of in-sect families observed (140) was comparable to those observed in summers of 1975 and 1976 and considerably more (by two dozen) than collected in 1977.

Composition and abundance varied somewhat from previous sampling periods, re-flecting characteristic population fluctuations and emergence patterns. Ento-mological taxa recorded during the five-year study are in Appendix E.

Five insect families were newly observed on the site in 1978: termites (Isop-tera:Rhinotermitidae), giant silkworm moths (Lepidoptera:Saturniidae), reticu-lated beetles (Coleoptera:Cupeidae), velvet ants (Hymenoptera:Mutillidae), and mydas flies (Diptera:Mydidae).

The termites, which were clustered in the foredune feeding on the vegetation sampling plot stakes, were the eastern subterranean termite, P.eticulitermes flavipes. Subterranean species nest in soil and either tunnel to wood or con-struct earthern tubes to wood not in contact with soil. They are the only kind of termite likely to be found in the region. Species that attack dry wood such as furniture and utility poles (drywood and powderpost termites) and those with need Jor high moisture content as in tree roots and damp logs (dampwood termites) are restricted east of the Great Plains to the southern states.

Two giant silkworm moths were observed: the polyphemus moth (Anthernea polyphemus),

a large (125-mm wingspread) yellowish brown moth with an eyespot in each hindwing and the io moth (Automeris io), a smaller (75-mm wingspread), brighter yellow-brown species, also with hindwing eyespots. The polyphemus was seen in two loca-tions: the immature oak community at the lighttrap and the dry woods of Cowles Bog on leaf litter. The caterpillar of this common species, which ranges to the westernmost states, feeds on several trees, including oak, hickory, elm, and birch. The io was swept from vegetation in the maple woods. The io is a common species aloo, but it ranges westward only to the Great Plains. The larva, a highly spiny green caterpillar, is a general feeder.

1-46 science services division

o 3hb r

la y\ ,y ,

?4 .

. fE t i

,4 hlhl.M:,'-[g$

i , c e .3 d v, f .

', h */

, m ,, - e t. 6x f '.1 htaMNp,n b o. tm c: n.denit _

Table 1.6-1 Checklist of Entomological Taxa Collected in the Bailly Study Area, July 1978

' 4-p 1 ! n1 5.1 a t t ot s 1 2 3 4A dB 5 6 1 6

! aria f wi e (., sele s Bog O=:es Bog n ;ne s %1e T ran sel u t on 74=4 Be sc hgr a n F e.re ne f. a k Cry m mds ' re t aboos e C reek Eu js Foro1 8 (cr r i dor F re..t ,e 4 (pr ,e an s ) I

( e l l ee.c i a (ser tr ;t e1Is)

Poet ,r 1.14, 3 I I I

! w t .e i .14e r I X 1 I I I

( ri r , br i

• re t I I (pbmere pt ei a ( +a ff 1'e sI

( a cn i .f ie t.sen t s s; p . I I Ra e t I dae C le n sp I 04i m a ' 4 ( h a vr e f + e a el f lier )

Aestin t f ae l ira ;. < f l ies )

Ac s thet sp 3 Era - .'o a I L 't elI[ i 1.ie ( !r a.,. e. f t t i .]

Fr t Ne t s i t X i 'yt * ' l ,[ t W I NF 'es 1 < e ri I n, u,1 s i~ 4 i t,,e , m l m i r., n E Les t t- ne fa t,s.es ,e c, el f l ies,s) .

,j ,.

Corna ar r se - *iv ei f t .t s ) X X X l a il l e y 'a w. I a a 4 yp I er e er., 'es,er.t )

Asr t ti tae tI{a r.P h i 6i ,1 t f s , ,

q as.N M er s) ] t I piss , , ci 01me Kar at e .:r ee n er) r

'et ti ;a i

• lie ' a st y f t.ts ) a I Cr y l l i te (t ri brIi) ne . e Ng s X Ph a ,u t ' te wa I t 11 j'. t i t h s )

o ,. se r y.. , e r e-ic , e + , ,

Mac t i ie t a st A Blatti e Ir a te s )

tar a tt v 5 r l'n a t D >r%1; t er e c A r'me \ r F oi i al1 *ae I l vit t er a ( t, *1'es k h i n . ! e rv i t t j j, 3 F l ei. C Perd ( s f 'rr e8Ilts) l er i i d ae fer let t i pI4 ' .T a I Ps ;iera i .: t ds t I;eu 1+ H' Ae 41 I i e f X rw )qac ,

Thysinc s tera t ter s i n, 4, ,

r(cir i ;. t e r a tt is)

{pr a 1 1.te ' hed ' e > s*wr i

-.r. .

, , a Y LP.' st ' 6 I R

v. t r e, t i,ue It a. s. t vere 4< ' fP '9 8,l' p l N Flei te I;. l t -4 me, s e , m. , e n.1 m.i t er , , ,

Be10 f . ea ' id ie i, q iir t qu e er I ne ' it-au. p Gerr i t ie s"e+ t e r s t r erg) r ,,, u , a e ea'e, w y I

<eu m, o m n..r,.4 .. e r m ,,o ,

e so . ., <..t,, , e ,4e r s i E.p aIi4 sp ] [ {

Re tu v i i iae ' a .s e s ' ri t .,p ) i e .s se r

n. e m .s, . .o tw s, t x iI" 4e 4 f.e k tj n,,.~,.. ., ,

(. v

• 4'4 R t m.e u. e c see , a crus w. s f,c, w r g gg. I 1s. 6 <,....s fali.u y wi r i j ie 'Te33 Ms) v i 1

t,y j ;r ' apo

, .,s, l a r i s f e a rn i WJ PI sr t t uq)

• 7 I } f'.!g e fl}*

j

, , s .i . s, $ , , i n o n t , )

rer..a c

u u... na . a .

.r s ~ . . r. 1e

. . . .. , i ms. s., ,

%.,r. rm.,r s , .e,. n , et < )

wr..a ue wee- ers )

c,r n e s. u . , , ,

(i. a !clIIj te ( l e t c hr.per g ) y v t I roi sp- r N t +i re t e* e t s , ~.

a

, e n133 1-47 science services division

h f!A' k % V , U ! 6h

? .. k l ' 'i n ' 11 9 d N d i,$ %

1 .

y evua v m mm v w u _u -

Table 1.6-1 (Contd) 5s.mpling Sta tioes 1 2 1 4A 49 5 6 7 8 Na t >ce Cow? es Br-) (c=les Pog Dur ies Ma p l e T r an w i s s ion Tama Be ac hgre ss F arc 4see C. Ory 'em js i.et hods Creet win e Pond B Corr t d.,r Htwo era :C ne t a l I sp. I E I

[grytoghr,re4est a w , I Ieuamla sp 4 I Or aj ene epha 1 a ',0 I I C 3

$yl ? I'$re L.e spsp. I w...', e ries d *,ne r i we .e ti a sp I Isr aj > Ie' i u s ', p 1 f c l y 4- 9 4 v. I E Cer t. g i jde ( W f l eNn k 1 I I I I I "e ' ptar 13ae ( 1c ith4: 11 pl.tr tt H er tl 3. 3 I f i s i 9 tte (( l s 1 $d pl A* i mr i pers ) I A4 h115dae ( a. h t l i s c l ar.t' 1 ers ) I I I AC and loni f d4e ( at anJI'aril id p I erthorperg ]

. I Ps r il ldae ( jsr.r t'g pl ect i 1( e) t I Aph t4 t dee (a h t 1sl I 1 I CCleof tere i!eetles)

/,ut eli jae ( re' t tigla'ed t eet les) fu, esc ><c' r I C l( in fe ll t he i t i ,e r ' cet te) I (ic i nie iI e ite'r

• al i s I (It ledell a s-o p t t s t a I Ca r aki jae [grt und t eet!cs ) I I l er.a pf t l e t fl e,rus sp E Ict c s t ltbos sp . I I4(", s ! ? 1 Helipiljae (< reeling mater tve t l e )

He los sp. I 1 Dr li tcI' doe l pre 14 e.hs d i s tr 1 tee t le )

>*jd rg.oru s t. es_t p l 9 } I I ]

5. ni o I j

Gy; +vs sp R I Il y L'_s sp I wgrcchil t f a, I.u e r so ree9er t+et led Dernsas sp I el . .i . r s y I ej ir bt Us 'sp I b rara ( 4's

'yd i I I

er erf% 5p. I i s t era A % i I

$ t aph,yl 'n Nde (r%e feetles) A I I 1 I f ee % nr% s % . I ESI 1 p I n L'. I Ptilii he (f ee"erw'r ,e 1 t.eet les)

Et teella % I I Pselag bi f ac (short.Le ,e of f teetles } f Can t har i dae ( soli'er t eet les ) E f aa'heri5 rer ' u s t E tes .r,ne (ei,en,ea rnose 4 a . -r e ,u 4~ I r.; ~s v I Cler ike f( heu ered t eet les )

r ey l l re aan < p4113 ene t3 I (Ia terid te (( (a beetles) u 4crepits sr. I I

[We f inters t it te'is I 82;-- s t i .i .e [+ a11 k .o r,crer$ 1 m., ma ,

ke l ud ia * { ,r,rsa. . . nt ec t ie s )

(j;* n sp. I t I t r i .,

h n so. t F r i t a i ,s p. X X X Ph4Ia. r t jae (sr ' a t ng 8an a t cet !es)

^1 trus sp I 41 t i.'! al i j4e ( sa; teet les )

Pre

• erss ss. I  :

t c ,.. w ue re %1, er - s .a ., , , i ce t ic o Im 't iri e tp I

[ 'C tf d l iej fwe'Ns I2eet les )

% ,4 II ee u e, (D e.et.a c e C O' LieellIhe (I4 lr (tef f es) I rr em,3t i l e f ,< r t ! .i ris i I i

l'y r l "r.e j a' s r.a p en y I

%9.hy ,a aa po ,e@-s . s a tr- e r roi r m+a q p +is g y Jat iu I Ar tI. he [aatli e flwr hen 1cs) k

% 1t Js s I tse o n. D.(a ti,,e it s tectiec

[ wl'%s sp.

Pe j t } I.] se '( f al se en t1 i h e fIower teetleg) I I wr>,-se t i t t.e (vr1 tog f l wer teet les )

eenr ie l l a s pp . I I Allei ul 5.1 se (cpm 15 red t'ee t l e s )

u , me-cras n. I i;m se... ee I I 1-48 science services division

+

% fMW f/s[hfd)I%}r). 1. ' qtl q,/ Q R r

o M P l ' ?_

• 0 i ,!

h lhk

~ "' ~ %d g) Q Qt "l Table 1.6-1 (Contd)

Sam 1 *r g S tat ions 1 2 ] 4A D 5 6 7 E ivatore Co. e s Br g (c.ies Bag Ws Mwle v ra a sc i s s i on lana R eaegra a Forekre Caa t ry a n 1s met = :Js C reek ami s Nod B C ar r ide r Cole (wters (Cc: td )

Tenebr i an t ue ( isr611rq t'eet les) I u be4 w e r+ 4 s I r ybp , n e,di > i 9 s i t we leadryihes s 3[ 4'f alse arse lin j teatles!

'y+nr a a _ . 4 I I

't e r at e ijse (uarah) a+a a f ss spr. I I

% truj+s w. I

+ t he r ss I b yli;n *yass j a w.

ny e I s Cere4fcIdse (lcm r nei beetles )

Psen v eros s a cre 'at a I Chrysueelidae Ocaf i+et'es) I Al ti a sp.

t Analit ts tr.se palis~~ a Chabis es' sp. ' t (brp ..easp.

1 Ca'a s p s i s I frjI p *; 6a14 sp. I tio u sp a C Nlia sp, I

• e sp.

[I ene I myr 17 a r a s I

I

%+ f a sp ~

fu FJ i *1s sp. a I

Aet'h r ilida. Tf.c%s weev il s ) '

(arc.1 toci jae ( weev il g } I I I I t 7 a I I Ap t en sp.

I f a' er- fr a 4 1 5 tai rt liae i t.ar n te+ ties ) I heurortera f arti tan , do ssarflies , et c . )

Corydsi t *ae ( kbon flies , f 'sne t tes) u i Chryscrine ( greers l ac e.t q s ) I s i t

Heaerot:1i Joe / trewn l ac e= < qs) i i I

pyrmeleartif ae (art i toes) t i Mec notera Is arr oa flies )

B it tat icae r han r np l'es )

Bittsr us sp.

Trichoptera (cadaisflies) 8 Pns ,qanei jae Paat s w a se1

• s "jvet w' r L tener R I 1 4A Aterips i.s sp r I

lepideet e a Nt terflies , wa t % )

Facil t oa Mae ( s.all mt a il but terf!1es)

Pa il t 0 jmij n ene_s ( t. lac k swil ! . wet } 11 ) # 3 P ter{i jee ! ='i tes , s.l f w es)

C oi t a s pM i od i c e ( c ormn s ul f ur' i I Pieris r4p4e (iwortes rett.a2c w) t a u 8

Cana Daraus liaeptevig hiis-ced, Niterflies

, f ew+a r: - ) )

Wnal ba, I'rusi f sted Nt terf1 sed I un ~ . c . - , a m e ,e > i Ma ? $ s ar(b g Js V t f erOy f* n i,i s t heras ipear t c resent '

r,1,r~r ia i"* rwt w s ut o a 4ro

• frey*r}s c '

w e s s a a./' *' e I.,re s t sva c'ed f r i t t i f ri) v a

4-t a t re4 aw ra u sat yr H4, Batyr tm e t er v l i es ) i

( 6tfr 15 c v414 lI1i t Ie Cod sa t ,r j A

[Ph he e.,, y r e[e yed trw1) 1 le' h* , ell o l'a (pearl r e re)

I I

tycacaine T Les, cmers, nairstrei.s) lyeres crefat a s r ea s tern t o t ied t h e

{f f b**,  ; }ls arj ' is ( sD'inG aZJre) E I E9!f e I_ j* r. a r4wv , (

• ic t er y ha i rg' resa i i

Sa t urn i - d ee i g i aat S_ II s e: r* m. t % )

a-t erae. mms s,ms see A,.~risis s o a n1

, i Ar. e i t J34 tf iger n ** 5 ) i kil i s 7 94 t es 4,e l er i s (pale fos s: r e nte) k9 ;a jae i n.T e t ie - ' an.3e ,.4 e ;s t arec a ,s: x r e z,, s - 1, ,

fN 3 r i' , e i elines r we so a ca. ~ , , m n~- , , rs:

o,m is sp i

lh r i s' di , er g 41 * *p i t a ( 1 e v ice I ce; er ) a w Ta .. r i,u e, ,.. is(~,p a

i i

Pf rat !cae (g rad 1 % si we m ~ c, '^~-

tip*jy e f ir p -_ . s e I r

fertrsc ua, ; t ro r 4 - tes i

$r[

• i es { p 4 I ' e ' 4

..c,-s i , ,

E i i i i 1_49 5?S1659 science services division

O Table 1.6-1 (Contd)

Sam ling St at ions 1 3 4A 48 5 6 7 8

!wture Cowles Th g C iwies bog Nr.e s w a ple Tr ansa ! s s ten tasa Pe.c hgra s s I sr e d.n Oak Cr y ood s met wods C r ee k wou<t s Pend B C or r i or f> 45 ters (files)

T i pu l i d ee (t rane flies) I I I I I Ptyt hopteridae (phantum crane flies)

P i t t a, m epba c lavipes I I I I Psyi kodIise (es th fliesl I I I Chaeboridae (peantw eldjes) I I I I C hi ronre ldse (eidges) I I I I I I I I I Di s i dae (dis td sidges) I Cal ic i dae (=inqui t*s ) I I I 1 I I I myc et o;>hilidae ( f engus gnat s ) I I Sc iaridae (dare.tn j. d f eg. s yna r s) I I I I I Cec tawrlidae (gal t ehfics)  : I I I C er a

• 3mr n i dae (B i t ing e t hes ) I I I I I I I St rat tray t 11ae ( sc,t o t er flies) I I I eedicel t a sp. I Ftec t kus sp. I Tahanidae (deer flies, hc,rse flies)

Chrysops witt a%s I I I Therevidae [stilleto flies) I As t ildae (- other fites)

(f ferta alt'r aris I l ett u pa s t

• annu Yar as I ShaglonIdee {'sn i. e fl {es) I Mydidae (mydas f lie s )

My<1a s s l a v. ' n I Phor idae lh erN t-at ted files) I I

[mp f d i lae (d. enc e f lies)

C he l npaa 5 0. I I fos sp h I I I I Tat hj;.ela sD . I I I Dolic P opM Qae (lon;4 pe4 fliet)

Argra sp. I Thry'.ot us sw I I I I Solir N ya sp. I I I I fifewg r e reu s s p . I k lapus a.p. - I thing hil.n sp I Yephritidae if ruit flies) 8

e p s i d a e ( L l a' k s< a nea ,er flies) teps ts sp I laumanlldae (la.ori t t f iles)

Ca3 topresnpella sp I I I kme jra sp. I bline* t ia sp I I

tapr vy f e sp. I I I I Ptopb Illiae (sh i,l er flies) I I 5t haeren er i jae f dung files) I I Drosephilidae ( vinegar flies) t hrey r a sp. I I Chl arop i Ja, i< blorop 6 flie ,)

Ch'nrnps sp. I EI Totuna so I h!gire lates up. I I I I Mer t ry t a sp . I Agr'ryt tdee (Iea'ef ner flies) I Clus tidae (<!ss tiJ flies) I Ant hes yildee ( ant hosny r ld f lies ) I Call tphort $ae inlow fl ie s)

MtJsc idae (s%sc id f lies ) I I I I I I I f achinidae (tachintf flies) I Hywnoptera (tees , wags , f( bncusann s , etc . )

'ent hredinia te ( sawfi tes ) I Brannt f ae (bracon tds) I I I I Ic hnemidae d ic hnenos) I I I I I I I f ulophidae f euf shlos) I I Pterrmalidae ipre rer.a l i n ) I

5. el t ccidae (v el n.nids) I E uryt* t dae %rytw S ) I Ivant idte (ers o n nam) 3 m till'ame (ve!<et ant s) E For mic id se t ent s ) I I F I I I I

$chet Idae N1 cia @ers) I Hal t( t i lae ( s. e t t bees) I Ap 4 dae A (ht ce y her ) I F I A@h!pi pbfsaul(st} isJs]

f er t I I N

I I I Che10ae' h lia ( p e si nc orp t ens) I I I Phalang tda ( harves t ryn ) I I I I I 4c a ri (e t te s ) I I I I I I I

[+mac ee' r v er t at ills ( Aneri can do.1 t i .k ) I Araneida lspiders)

~

I I I I I I I is waa (15%m I 01plapoda (ellli;+dr 3) I I I I i Q <

f >*4

] ' kh h h ( O'3 00 @

j L(b b h WVU'M b[Mdud l

Ml' b/r 1, 1-50 science services division

O One of the five known species of reticulated beetles in eastern United States, Cupes concolor, was observed in the immnture oak forest at the lighttrap. This primitive beetle is dark-colored, elongate (7 mm), and irregularly sculptured on the surface. Reticulated beetles are little collected, although perhaps not because of rarity but because their habitats are overlooked (Arnett 1968). The larvae are woodborers in pine and oak and the adults often remain under bark or in wood as well.

Velvet ants are actually wasps with a common name that describes the females, which are wingless and antiike and covered with a dense pubescence (Borror et al. 1976). The group is large - about 470 North American species, mostly distributed in the south and west and primarily in dry habitats. Appropriately, the single individual observed on the site was in the beachgrass sampling loca-tion. Most species are external parasites of the larvae and pupae of various bees and wasps; others attack certain beetles and flies.

The mydas fly observed on the site was Mydas clavatus, a widespread species in the United States. A single individual was observed on the sand along the beach-grass-beach interface. Mydas flies are large (about 25 mm) black species, some-times with a distinct orange-gold second abdominal segment. Both larvae and adults of this group apparently are predaceous, although little is known about their prey. The larvae live in decaying wood, perhaps feeding on beetle larvae (Peterson 1960).

Butterfly activity in July 1978 was good as in previous summers and comprised essentially the same species in the same locations. The imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae) was observed most commonly in open areas (beachgrass, foredune, ar.3 transmission locations), as was the common sulfur (Colias philodic_e) and monarch (Danaus plexippus) . The open-wooded areas harbored satyrs, blues, and hairstreaks particularly, while the several species of brushfooted butterflies observed appeared evenly distributed among the wooded and wood / field ecotonal ateas. The most commonly observed blue was the spring azure (Lycaenopsis giolus),

found in Cowles Bog (wooded) areas; the most common satyr was the eyed brown (Lethe eurydice), which was active in the dry woods of Cowles Bog and along the maple forest / transmission corridor edge; and the most frequently sighted brush-footed species was the great spangled frittilary (Speyeria cybele) found in the dry woods of Cowles Bog and along the foredune.

w_

o /.U177- science servicee division 1-51

O Hairstreaks, represented by the hickory hairstreak (Satyrium caryaevorous),

were observed for the first time on the site and were especially abundant in the interdunal areas. Hairstreaks are medium-sized species (about 25-mm wing-spread), often bluish or brownish in color and generally characterized by a hair-like tail on each hindwing and narrow bands on the undersides of both pairs of wings. Larvae of the hickory hairstreak apparently feed on hickory, black ash, and hawthorn (Erlich and Erlich 1961), of which the latter is the likely host on the site.

The other obvious variation in the abundance of butterflies in 1978 compared with 1977 was the prominence of the imported cabbageworm again rather than its congenor, the southern cabbageworm (Pieris protodice). As indicated in the 1977-1978 annual report (TI 1978), the southern cabbageworm, recorded then for the first time on the site, was considerably more abundant in July 1977 than the imported cabbageworm. Although the July 1977 sampling period undoubtedly coin-cided with an emergence of the protodice summer brood, while the other July sampling periods did not, the consistent presence and general abundance of rapae indicate it probably is the more established and abundant species on the site.

Pest activity during the 1978 sampling period was limited to biting insects -

deer flies and mosquitoes. Tent caterpillars that had occupied black cherry at the southern edge of the maple woods were not observed in 1978. Their ab-sence, although possibly caused by a cyclic population decline (the number of webs noted in 1977 was less than in 1975 and 1976), could have been linked to the removal of several trees f rom the location.

1.6.2.1 Beachgrass Community. Both the number and composition of insect families collected from the beachgrass location in July 1978 were essentially comparable to those of past July sampling periods. As in 1976, delphacid plant-hoppers were the most abundant group in the sweepnet sample. They were col-lected in fewer numbers in sweepnet samples from other locations (foredune and transmission corridor in 1978), as has been the trend in past years. These collections and those of previous years indicate planthoppers are found over the site in suitable herbaceous habitats but apparently are most abundant on the beachgrass vegetation.

h 5?S128 1-52 science services division

- o

(

Other prominent insect groups in the 1978 beachgrass sweepnet sample were leaf-

\

hoppers, longlegged flies, midges, and false ant 11ke flower beetles. The bee-ties, wnich were collected also from the foredune, and in the past were collected i from these locations and the transmission corridor as well, have not been ob-served previously in such abundance. Apparently they inhabit all nonwoody loca-tions on the site but are most abundant in the beachgrass/foredune area. Food habits of these dark, 5- to 12-mm cylindrical beetles are unknown, but sardy areas, including dunes, are reported habitats (Arnett 1968). Their attraction to light, as exhibited at the beachgrass and foredune lighttraps, also is re-ported.

Of the other prominent insect groups in the 1978 beachgrass sweeonet sample, only leafhoppers seem to be more abundant in the beachgrass area than in other sampling locations. They generally are represented there by fewer species, how-ever, as might be expected in a monoculture-like habitat. In the adjac'ent fore-dune area, where vegetation is more diverse, the abundance of the group 1r some-what less but more species are represented; similar numbers of species have been observed in the other sampling locations but abundance is less than in either the beachgrass or the foredune. The most frequently collected species in the beach-grass area is Macrosteles divisa, a small (about 4 mm) greenish yellow and black leafhopper that is common throughout the United States (DeLeng 1948).

Longlegged flies consistently are a prominent component of the beachgrass insect fauna and that of all other sampling locations except perhaps the transmission corridor, where they have been collected somewhat less frequently. As with the plart-feeding leafhoppers, more species of these predaceous flies occur in sam-pling locations with greater varieties of vegetation. Although ton _ittle is known of these species' precise feeding habits to implicate prey specificity as the only factor in such distribution, the greater variety of prey associated with the more diverse vegetation could be an influence. The prominence of the group on the site as a whole probably is related to the extent and distribution of water, since the group generally is adapted to moist and wet habitats (Curran 1934; Cole 1969).

The most abundant groups in the 1978 beachgrass lighttrap sample were midges, as expected, and formicine ants. Formicine ants have been collected at least once at all other lighttrap locations in the past, but abundance similar to 1- science services division

O that at the beachgrass, foredune, and immature oak forest 1978 lighttraps has not been noted. This species, whose winged forms seem to be strongly attracted to light, apparently was nesting on the beach side of the site since none was noted at lighttraps beyond the interdunal areas.

A conspicuous component of the lighttrap sample was a number of scarab beetles in the genus Ataenius. These small (3 to 5 mm), were observed in similar abun-dance in summer 1974. They likely occur over the site, although none has been collected from the immature oak and maple forests, but, like most of the groups just mentioned, appear to be most abundant in the beachgrass area. The 1978 beachgrass lighttrap also attracted more thy beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) than other lighttraps. These large (15 to 20 mm), light-attracted species are her-bivorous scarabs. They are consistently observed at lighttraps over the site although rarely in large numbers. As mentioned previously, their larvae (white grubs) are associated with roots of grasses, particularly lawn varieties, so that populations in residential areas may be larger than those of areas similar to the Bailly site.

Significantly more spiders were collected from the beachgrass in the 1978 sample.

More than half of them were long-jawed spiders, a group frequently inhabiting ll fields or meadows adjacent to water. Arthropods extracted from the litter and soil sample were, as usual, comparatively few in number.

The robber fly Efferia albibaris was again observed on the Lake Michigan beach but not in abundance. Insect presence on the beach comparable to the clusters of western corn rootworms and convergent lady beetles of 1977 and blow fly lar-vae of 1976 was not observed in 1978. An increase in western corn rootworm abun-dance apparently was typical in the northern one-fourth of Indiana at that time (Meyer 1977). The blow fly larvae, as reported, were associated with beached decaying fish, which were fewer in number during 1978 sampling.

1.6.2.2 Foredune Community. The sweepnet sample from the foredune contained the greatest number of insect families in the 1978 samples. In the past, this number generally has been second highest, surpassed by that collected from vege-tation in the transmission corridor. Both the foredune and transmission corridor contain a variety of grasses, forbs, and low shrubs, and since sweepnet samples e__ _

l-54 science services diviulon

O primarily reflect insect habitation in the herbaceous stratum, somewhat larger numbers of insect families in these samples might be expected. The smaller variety collected from the transmission corridor vegetation in 1978 quite pos-sibly was related ta herbicide usage, as discussed in subsection 1.6.2.8.

Five insect groups were represented by 20 or more individuals in the sweepnet sample: midges, muscid flies, leafhoppers, aphids, and longlegged flies. The abundance of muscid flies, most frequently the horse fly (Musca domestica),

geaerally is greatest in the foredune und transmissio.n corridor, although they occur over the site. Aphids, which often cluster to suck fluids f rom plant stems and leaves, also occur over the site; they have been collected in com-paratively large numbers from all sampling locations except the beachgrass.

As in previous sampling periods, a variety of beetles was included in the fore-dune sweepnet sample. Most are general feeders that may be found on a number of different plants, while a few are either host-specific or at least show some host preference. Lema collaris, collected consistently here and from the trans-mission corridut, is a leaf beetle particularly associated with spiderwort. Two beetles newly recorded from the foredune were Xylopinus saperdiodes, a medium-sized (12 to 16 millimeter) black darkling beetle that lives under oak bark, and Psenocerus supernotatus, a small (approximately 5 millimeter) long-horned beetle that breeds in a variety of trees and shrubs (Knull 1946), of which only sumac (Rhus aromatica) is recorded in the location. Xylopinus also is recorded from the adjacent immature oak forest.

Most of the abundant groups at the 1978 foredune lighttrap were the same as those at the beachgrass lighttrap: midges, Ataenius, formicine ants, and mos-quitoes. Next to _he scarabs, the most common beetle groups at the trap were combclawed beetles and marsh beetles. Combclawed beetles, which have been col-lected previously in the foredune, immature oak forest, and the dry woods of Cowles Bog, also were collected again in the immature oak forest. One species, Hymenorus niger, collected only in the foredune, was newly recorded on the site; it is an elongate small (6 mm) blackish, pubescent beetle typically found on dead branches of oak (Dillon and Dillon 1961).

@ 573.1a.:t 1-55 science servicea division

O Marsh beetles were collected in nearly all locations where they had been re-corded previously, indicating a consistent distribution over the site. Three genera, Prionocyphon, Cyphon, and Scrites, were present and, as in the past, the latter was most abundant in the foredune and Cyphon mast abundant in the wet woods of Cowles Bog; Prioncyohon, recorded from the beachgrass and wooded area of Cowles Bog, is more abundant in the bog. Another genus, Elodes, was collected previously in the bog, indicating this likely habitat probably sup-ports the greatest diversity of these minute (2-3 mm), oval to round, brownish to black beetles. A single individual of Megalodacne fasciata represented the first observation of the species on the site and only the second observation of a pleasing fungus beetle. Despite a large size (approximately 12 millimeters) and colorful appearance (black and red), this species is rarely seen since it inhabits decaying wood and other fungus-rich habitats.

Litter from the foredune contained only a few more individuals than that from the beachgrass and fewer groups. The groups were rove beetles, isotomid spring-tails, ants, and soil mites. The foredune litter and soil sample, with one ex-ception (TI 1977), has contained greater numbers of individuals than that from the beachgrass and fewer than those from other sampling locations. It generally h also contains a somewhat greater variety of taxa than found in the beachgrass sample. Apparently the combined litter and soil stratification is less complex in the beachgrass and foredunes than in other sampling locations on the site.

As mentioned previously, a new small pool formed next to the cattail area at the base of the foredune inside the Bailly site fence. Many of the same taxa collected from the old pool were present in 1978 although only toad bugs and soldier fly larvae were seen there last year following drainage of the area.

One of the abundant taxa was the water scavenger beetle Tropisternus lateralis.

The only other beetle collected, Hydrochara obtusata, also a hydrophilid, was not abundant. Predaceous diving beetles were notably absent since this area previously produced the only significant populations of Laccophilus spp. on the site. Also absent were water scorpions, although these species also were not collected in other known habitats on the site. Other hemipteran groups, water boatmen, backswimmers, water treaders, and water striders were present as before.

The most abundant odonates in the sample were coenagrionid damselflies.

579142 1-56 science services division

1.6.2.3 Immature Oak Forest Community. Midges were by far the most abundant group in the 1978 sweepnet sample from these woods. Ants were the second most abundant group, followed by dance flies, spittlebugs, and spiders. Most of the other 35 groups were not abundant, represented by fewer than 5 individuals.

The abundance of midges, ants, and spittlebugs in unaerstory vegetation in the immature oak forest is documented by past samples, in which one or more has been either the most abundant or second or third most abundant group. Datee flies or other dipteran groups comprising generally minute species associated with decaying materials consistently are a significant component of the sweep-net sample. Apparently dance flies are predators or scavengers in such communi-ties (Borror et al. 1976); they are so-named because the adults sometimes swarn, flying in up and down movements.

Several Cosmopepla bimaculata, mostly larvae, were again swept from this loca-tion. This small (approximately 6 millimeter) black and red stink bug has been consistently present in the oak forest and once was recorded from the maple for-est. Like most stink bugs, it is herbivorous and apparently is a general feeder that will utilize oak as well as several other trees (Furth 1974).

The lighttrap (and the trappers) in this woods attracted an abundance of mos-quitoes as had occurred under suitable weather conditions in past summers.

Midges, of course, were abundant, as were formicine ants.

Two moths associated with oak were identified at the lighttrap: Herculia himon-ialis, a pyralid moth, and Phosphila miseliodes, a noctuid; the latter is as-sociated with Smilax also. Both species are widespread and common in castern and most western United States. The most abundant moth at the trap was the noctuid Epizeuxis aemula, a species associated with fallen leaves; it also is common and distributed over most of this country. None of these moths was identified at other sampling locations.

Litter and soil from the oak forest contained the single shortwinged mold beetle observed on the site in 1978. This group of minute (less than 3 mm) beetles has been observed in all wooded sampling locations on the site and is apparently re-stricted tb these habitats. These species apparently feed on mites (Dillon and (g Dillon 1961).

f5[> rig 4 n wm 1-57 science services division

O Also present in the oak forest litter were larvae of case-bearing leaf beetles, likely a species of Chalmisus, which has been obeerved in the location in the adult stage. Other groups included pseudoscorpions and millipedes. The same millipedes were found in all wooded sampling locations in 1978. previously this group, which generally inhabits damp places, was recorded only from the maple forest. Pseudoscorpions have been recorded from each wooded location at least once in the past, and this year were observed again in all but the maple woods.

1.6.2.4 Cowles Bog (Wooded).

1.6.2.4.1 Dry. The sweepnet sample from the high side of Cowles Bog woods contained the greatest number of individuals of the 1978 sweepnet samples.

Midges, mosquitoes, biting midges, and ants were the most abundant groups, each represented by more than 25 individuals. Among the next most numcrous individuals were crane flies, phantom midges, longlegged flies, and darkwinged fungus gnats. The most abundant beetle, as in the past, was the soldier beetle Cantharis rectus. Ichneumons were, next to ants, the most abundant of several hymenopteran groups in the sample.

h These observations generally were consistent with those of other summer sampling periods, with the exception of spittlebugs not being among the most abundant groups. Several spittlebugs were in the sample, however, and once again their presence over the site was documenecd by capture in all sweepnet samples except that from the beachgrass. They consistently are most abundant in samples from wooded areas, and for the first time were twice as numerous in the maple woods sample, indicating a prevalence in wooded habitats on the site and approximately equal abundance in each locations.

The litter and soil sample from the dry woods also contained the greatest number of individuals of that sampling category. Among the groups present were pseudo-scorpions, millipedes, rove beetles, featherwinged beetles, and a proturan. Rove beetles, as usual, were collected over the site, and featherwinged beetles again were collected only in the wet and dry woods of Cowles Bog. The proturan repre-sented only the second observation of the group on the site. These obscure spe-cies are infrequently collected and apparently rare as well (Borror and White 1970). 579144 O l-58 science services division

O 1.6.2.4.2 Wet. The sweepnet sample f rom the lower part of Cowles Bog woods contained as many midges as that from the dry woods. The only other group of similar abundance was aphj?- Of somewhat lesser prominence were mosquitoes, dance flies, and lono' .a files. Among the Arachnida in the sample, spiders and harvestme.. :c 3ually represented, whereas the general ratio in other sweepnet samples was 2 spiders to one harvestman. In the past, harvestmen have been collected in most numbers from here and the maple forest, possibly indi-cating a preference for moist woodland habitats. The dipnet sample from the wet woods contained only midges in abundance. Typical of past sampling periods, the midge numbers were greater than collected from other aquatic habitats. The other taxa in the sample were mosquitoes, predaceous diving beetles, scuds, fish-flies, and water boatmen -- each represented by either one or two individuals.

As mentioned previously, lighttrap activity in this location was affected by coolness. Among the comparatively few individuals attracted to the trap were mosquitoes and midges in greatest numbers and single representatives of gall midges, crane flies, and longlegged flies. Several moths were attracted to the light; the most abundant was the grapevine looper, Lygris diversilineata, a consistent visitor to lighttraps in this location. The cool temperatures during both the 1977 and 1978 lighttrapping in this location appear to be the only reason for fewer observations in those years than in the three previous years. Arthropods in the litter and soil sample from the wet woods were simi-lar to those collected in past samples, including featherwinged beetles, as mentioned above.

The deer fly Chrysops vitattus was again abundant on the Cowles Bog trail. It seemed to exhibit greatest activity patterns during cloud cover and/or high rela-tive humidity.

1.6.2.5 Dunes Creek. A variety of aquatic beetles was in the 1978 dipnet sample from Dunes Creek. The most abundant, as usual, was the predaceous div-ing beetle, Hydroporus consimilus. Hydroporus niger was also present again, along with Hygrotus sp., the hydrophilids Paracymus and Helophorus, and the crawling water beetle, Haliplus. Several fishfly larvae and water boatmen were in the sample as well as a single backswimmer and giant water bug. As usual, h the sample contained phantom crane fly larvae, but their abundance was greater than observed previously.

1-59 $7gg science services division

O Dragonfly and damselfly larvac, although never abundant in Dunes Creek samples, have not been collected during the past two years. These groups also are col-1ected infrequently from the aquatic sampling location in Cowles Bog, but are well represer,ted in the .hree other aquatic locations. The single whirligig beetle noted here in 1976, along with the individual collected at the same time in the foredune pool, represented the only observations of this group in sampling locations. The greatest number of whir 11 gigs noted during the monitoring period was in 1975 in one of the ash settling ponds along the NIPSCo access road.

Apparently the group is not established in most, if any, of the site's water bodies.

1.6.2.6 Maple Woods. The 1978 sweepnet sample from the maple woods contained the fewest insect families as well as comparatively few individuals. Spittlebugs and mosquitoes, equally represented, were the only abundant groups present and leafhoppers were the only other group represented by more than 10 individuals.

Among other taxa present, and typically so, were scorpionflies, leaf beetles, click beetles, and lauxaniid flies.

In addition to the perennially abundant scuds, the dipnet sample from the small maple woods tributary to Dunes Creek contained water striders, midges, and a phryganeid caddisfly. The caddisfly, Oligostomis ocelligera, lives in long cases constructed of narrow strips of leaf arranged in a spiral. This species in one of the few phryganeids that live only in lotic waters; it probably is rectricted on the site to this tributary since the other water bodies, including Dunes Creek, are either ponds or slow streams.

Conspicuous among the comparatively few individuals appearing at the maple woods lighttrap were the grapevine looper, apparently a common species in all wooded habitats on the site, and another geometrid moth, Scopula inboundata. The lat-ter, a common eastern species, is a general feeder often assoicated with cherry (Forbes 1948), which is an important plant in the maple woods. Other prominent groups at the lighttrap were midges, mosquitoes, phantom midges, and gall midges.

The litter and soil sample, like that from the foredune, contained comparatively few individuals. The primary difference in comparative numbers of individuals in this and most instances is the difference in numbers of mites, especially soil mites. Among the groups represented in the sample were uillipedes, ground g beetles, and ants.

r .~ n . _

AJ ( 2JJL G(i 1-60 science services division

O 1.6.2.7 Emergent }berophyte - Pond B. As in 1977, caenid mayflies were the most abundant group in the dipnet sample from this location. Late instars of the aeshnid dragonfly Anax junius were collected for the third consecutive year.

Numbers of early instar aeshnid dragonflies were not observed as in 1977, al-though eggs could well have been present during this somewhat earlier sampling period. Coenagrionid damselflies were again abundant in the sample as were midges. Aquatic pyralid moths, typically present in the pond, were collected in greater numbers than previously. One group, snipe flies, which comprises a few aquatic species, was newly recorded from the habitat.

1.6.2.8 Transmission Corridor. The variety of taxa observed in the 1978 sweepnet samples from the transmission corridor was approximately equivalent to that observed in 1977 and did not approach the greater numbers recorded in 1976 and 1975 as did those of most other sampling locations. This likely was caused by additional herbicide usage along the transmission / railway right of way (see subsection 1.2.4), although, of course, the sampling regime does not permit that conclusion.

As in Fby 1975 and July 1976, the seed bug Ischnodemus falicus was the most abundant insect in the sweepnet sample. The plant bug, Trigonotylus tarsalis, which was considerably more abundant than I. falicus in the 1977 sample, was nearly as abundant as the seed bug in this sample. A congenor of tarsalis, T. ruficornis, was present in fewer numbers as in 1977. Aphids, jumping plant-lice, anthomyzid flies, and chloropid flies were the other insect groups prom-inent in the sample. These groups also are typically associated with the habitat.

The dipnet sample from the channel adjacent to part of the transmission corridor showed little variation from previous samples. It contained predaceous diving beetles, caenid mayflies, midges, and aquatic mites in abundance. Crawling water beetles, pleid water bugs, and water striders also were prominent com-ponents of the sample. Present in tew numbers, as before, were water scavenger beetles, libellulid dragonflies, and coenagrionid damselflies. A single lim-nephilid caddisfly was collected.

The number of soil and litter inhabitants extracted from the ground sample was not equivalent to those of 1976 and 1977 samples but this was a general observa-tion among-the 1978 samples. The groups extracted were typical and, as mentioned 1-61 67g science services division

O previously, except for soil mites, were present in approximately equivalent numbers. Cround beetle larvae were again more abunuant in this ground sample than others.

1.7 TERRESTRIAL REFERENCES CITED Arbib, R. 1977. The blue list for 1978. Amer. Birds 31:1087-1094.

Arnett, R.H. 1968. The beetles of the United States. Amer. Entomol. Institute, Ann Arbor, MI. 1112 p.

Barbre, M.R. 1975. Common shrews of Indiana. Outdoor Indiana 40:25-26.

Bellrose, F.C. 1968. Waterfowl migration corridors east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States. Ill. Natur. Hist. Sur. Bio. Note No. 61, 24 p.

Bellrose, F.C. and R.D. Crompton. 1970. Migration behavior of Mallards and Black Ducks determined from banding. Ill. Natur. Hist. Sur. Bull.

30:167-234.

Black, C.A., D.D. Evans, J.L. White, L.E. Ensminger, and F.E. Clark. 1965.

Methods of soil analysis: part 2. Amer. Soc. of Agron., Madison, WI.

771-1572.

Borror, D.J., D.M. DeLong, and C.A. Triplehorn. 1976. An introduction to the study of insects. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. N.Y. 852 p.

Borror, D.J. cnd R.E. White. 1970. A field guide to the insects of America.

Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 404 p.

Clark, R.D. 1974. Food habits of toad genus Rufo, Amphibia: Bufonidae. Amer.

Midl. Natur. 91:140-147.

Cochran, D.M. and C.J. Goin. 1970. Reptiles and amphibians. G.P. Putman Sons, N.Y., N.Y. 359 p.

Cole, F.R. 1969. The flies of western North America. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 693 p.

Condrin, J.M. 1936. Observation on the seasonal and reproductive activities of the eastern chipmunk. Jour. Mammals. 17:231-234.

Curran, C.H. 1934. The families and genera of North American Diptera. Publ.

by the author, New York. 521 p.

Curtis, J.T. 1971. The vegetation of Wisconsin: an ordination of plant com-munities. Univ. Wis. Press, Madison, WI.

DeLong, D.M. 1948. The leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae, of Illinois. Ill. Nat.

Hist. Sury. Bull. 24:97-376.

g 1-62 science services division

O Dillon, E.S., and L.S. Dillon. 1961. A manual of common beetles of eastern 9 North America. Row, Peterson and Company, Evanston, IL. 884 p.

Earlich, P.R. , and A.H. Ehrlich. 1961. How to know the butterflies. Wm. C.

Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 262 p.

FA0/ UNESCO. 1973. Irrigation / drainage and salinity. Camelot Press Ltd, London.

Forbes, W.T.M. 1948. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part II.

Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 274. 263 p.

Fowells, H.A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. Agric. Hand-book No. 271, U.S. Covt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 762 p.

Furth, D.G. 1974. The stink bugs of Ohio (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae). Ohio Biol.

Surv. Bull. 5, new series. 60 p.

Galli, i.F., C.F. Leck, and R.T.T. Forman. 1976. Avian distribution patterns in four islands of diferent sizes in central New Jersey. AWK. 93:356-364.

Hardin, K.I. and K.E. Evans. 1977. Cavity nesting bird habitat in the oak-hickory forests - a review. USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rpt NC-2.

23 p.

Harvey, M.J. 1976. Home range, movement, and diel activity of the eastern mole (Scalopus aquat) Amer. Midl. Natur. 95:436-445.

Illinois Natural Histery Survey. 1979. Trends in cottontail abundances. Jan 1979, No. 183.

Knull, J.N. 1947. The long-horaed beetles of Ohio (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae).

Ohio Biol. Surv. Bull. 7:133-354.

Krebs, C.J., B.L. Keller, and R.H. Tamarin. 1969. Microtus population biology:

demographic changes in fluctuating population of M. ochrogaster and M.

pennsylvanica in southeastcrn Indiana. Ecol. 50:587.

Laing, C.C. 1954. Ecological life history of the Ammophila breviligulata com-munity or Lake Michigan dunes. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Botany, Univ.

Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

Lehman, L.E. 1977. Population ecology of the raccoon on the Jasper-Paluski Wildlife Study Area. Pittman Robertson Bull. 9. 97 pp.

Martin, A.C., H.S. bim and A.L. Nelson. 1951. American wildlife and plants, A guide to wildlife food habits. Dover Pub. N.Y. 500 p.

Martof, B. 1953. Home range and movement of the green frog (Rana clamitans)

Ecol. 34:529-543.

Meyer, R.W. 1977. Insects and other arthropods of economic importance in

@ Indiana during 1976. Ind. Acad. Sci. 87:231-23.

.N.M M.9 l-63 science services division

O Minton, S.A. 1966. Amphibians and reptiles. In: Natural features of Indiana.

Ind. Acad. of Sci. 597 p.

Mumford, R.E. 1969. Distribution of the mammals of Indiana. Ind. Acad. of Sci.

Olson, J.S. 1958. Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michi-gan sand dunes. Bot. Gaz. 119(3):125-170.

Peattie, D.C. 1930. Flora of the Ind' na dunes. Field Museum Nat. Hist, Chicago, Ill. 432 p.

Richards, L.A. (Ed.). 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Handbock No. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 153 p.

Robbins, C.S. 1978. Census techniques for forest birds. In: Proceedings of workshop for management of the southern forests nongame birds. For. Ser.

Tech. Rpt. SE 14:142-163.

Rybak, E.J., E.J. Neufarth and S.H. Vessey. 1975. Distribution of the jumping mouse, (Zapus hudsonicus), in Ohio: A twenty year update. Ohio Jour. Sci.

75:184-187.

Schreiber, R.K. and J.H. Graves. 1977. Powerline corridors as possibic barriers to the movements or small mammals. Amer. Midl. Natur. 37:504-508.

Shelford. 1963. Tha ecology of North America. Univ. Illinois press, Urbana, Ill. 610 p.

Smith, R.L. 1966. Ecology and field biology. Harper and Row. 686 p.

Stearns, F. and N. Kobriger. 1975. Environmental status of the Lake Michigan region: 10, vegetation of the Lake Michigan drainage basin. Natl. Tech.

Inf. Serv., U.S. Dept. Commerce, Springfield, Va.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1975. 1974-1975 annual rpt, Bailly Nuclear-1 Site, encompassing April 1974-February 1975.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1976. 1975-1976 annual rpt, Bailly Nuclear-1 Site, encompassing March 1975-February 1976.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1977. 1976-1977 annual rpt, Bailly Nuclear-1 Site, encompassing March 1976-March 1977.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1978. 1977-1978 annual rpt, Bailly Nuclear-1 Site, encompassing March 1977-March 1978.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1978. Summer quarterly rpt, Bailly Nuclear-1 Site encompassing July-September 1978.

Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1978. Standard Operating Procedures, Quality g Control and Quality Assurance Manual (Terrestrial). Prepared for Northern W Indiana Public Service Company.

5W150 1-54 science services division

O Van Camp, L.F. and C.J. Henny. 1975. The Screech Owl: its life history and population ecology in northern Ohio. USDI N. Amer. Fc.una. No. 71. 65 p.

Webster, J.D. 1966. The birds. In: Natural features of Indiana. Ind. Acad.

Sci. 597 p.

Whitford, P.C. and P.B. Uhitford. 1978. Effects of trees on ground cover in old-field succession. Am. Midl. Natur. 99(2)435-444.

Wright and Wright. 1970. Handbook of frogs and toads. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca. 640 p.

579151 1-65 aclence aorvices division

! ,I g I

. b .

ij g SECTION 2 AQUAT N ECOLOGY

2.0 INTRODUCTION

AND STATUS Sampling during the 1978-79 sampling year (April 1978-March 1979) was scheduled for April, June, August, and November 1978 and January 1979 at the stations shown in Figure 2.0-1 and as scheduled in Table 2.0-1. Samples were collected on the dates and by the personnel shown in Table 2.0-2.

0 '/f 8 "' ' E so ' s ,3 .- -

W' .C AL E 9

g__ ._

'n _ _ 6_ f -

- ~~ ~ ~

~

--______--~4s N~~%~_.._.~'~'~ _. _ __

~'

- _ _ __- - - - "C

~~_~-- ____.___ __.----

^~'

~' ' - ~ ~

s s 7.p-3c ;_- - - - - - - -- -

_. -- !s u,s _ _ _ __ _ _- _ ,8 _ _ 3c

.dk:*h- . :~;z 7~ ~taatQunceiGAN-}'

zs

~ o 23 ,o r-

~[' _

,L 10 ___ _ --- -- - -___5 ci ~ ~ - - - - - - - - i::L - - ,o

- __ r -_ _ _

/r J ~',

7

. m, .. % , .1. c 4 _

-,c %8Q c>

./d I

ehnMk TN 9 aust /

$'Y@hhrf .  ? ,f l , ."ll ',',', ,m l

r.- . m ~ "... ~

w. , c a

//

/

%,7r,cm.ess, ed. e-

' ., s

" t 9 ? b sx , f. o., . . c,  ;,u- .:

f tocarms u4e J

• Station 22 is a " floating" station located on the plume center line, 1,000 feet from the discharge.

Figure 2.0-1. Aquatic Sampling Stations in Vicinity of NIPSCo Bailly Nuclear-1 Plant Site (Bailly Study Area) 579152 2-1 science services division

Table 2.0-1 Aquatic Ecology Sampling Frequency, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1978-March lo' < o 1978 1979 Parameter Sampling Stations Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Ma r Phytoplankton Identification, enumeration 1-10, 17-21 X X X X Productivity 1-10, 17-21 X X X X Chlorophyll a_ l-10, 17-21 X X X X Zooplankton Identification, enumeration 1-10, 17-21 X X X X Periphyton Identification, enumeration 1,10,11,12,25,17,19,21 X X X X Chlorophyll a_ 1,10,11,12,25,17,19,21 X X X X Benthos 1-10, 17-21 X X X X y Fish (gill netting) 4,7 X X X X Fish (beach seining) 23,24,25 X X X X Fish (electrofishing) 18 X X Fish food habits 4,7,23,24,25 -

300 fish per year  :

Ichthyoplankton 1-10* X X

• • X Water quality General water quality 1-22 X X X X g- Aquatic nutrients 1-22 X X X X Trace elements 13-21 X X X X

$ Indicators of industrial and 13-21 X X X X o organic contamination 8

Sediments, trace elements 13-20 X X X X g Sediments, particle sizing 1-10, 17-21 X o

e Aquatic macrophytes 17-21 X e

h l-10 with zooplankton; 4 and 7 also collected with pump.

With zooplankton hauls.

3 579153

O Table 2.0-2 Scheduled Dates and Purposes of All Aquatic Field Trips Date Personnel Parameters Sampled April 10-23 1978 Paul fleier Phytoplankton, zooplankton, Frank Crawford periphyton, benthos, fish, Steve DuBois ichthyoplankton, water quality June 12-18 1978 crank Crawford Phytoplankton, zooplankton, Paul Meier periphyton, benthos, fish, Dave Schiappa ichthyoplankton, water quality, aquatic macrophytes August 22-26 1978 Frank Crawford Phytoplankton, zooplankton, Paul Meier periphyton, benthos, fish, Steve DuBois ichthyoplankton, water Bill Galloway quality, sediments November 15-27 1978 Frank Crawford Phytoplankton, zooplankton, Sid Soleum periphyton, benthos, fish, Steve DuBois ichthyoplankton, water quality, sediments January 18 1979 Frank Crawford Sediments for trace element Glen Rasmussen analysis 579154 2-3 science services division

O 2.1 AQUATIC FLORA 2.1.1 METHODOLOGY. Duplicate 2-liter samples were collected utilizing a 6-liter Van Dorn bottle at Lake Michigan stations 1 through 10 and inter-dunal pond stations 17 through 21 (Figure 2.0-1). Samples were collected quarterly during the months of April, June, August, and November 1978. All samples were collected 1 meter below the surface. Prior to sampling, each 2-liter sample container was prepared with 20 milliliters of acid-Lugol's solu-tion, a narcotizing settling agent. After sampling, each container was supple-mented with buffered formalin to a final concentration of 4 percent and 3 to 5 drops of liquid detergent to facilitate sedimentation. Before processing, each sample was allowed to settle for 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br />, at which point 1800 milliliters of supernatant was siphoned off with a membrane-covered siphon. The remaining 200 milliliters was spun on a laboratory centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes to furthu concentrate the organisms. The supernatant was then filtered off and the " bead" of phytoplankton transferred to 12-dram vials.

In the laboratory, concentrated phytoplankton samples (10 milliliters) were thoroughly mixed, and three subsamples were placed in Palmer cells. The algae in 12 fields (four per subsample) were identified, enumerated, and measured at 400X magnification. In certain instances scarcity of organisms in a sample ne-cessitated extending the total field count to 24 fields. Biovolume (microliters per liter) was determined by attributing to the algae geometric shapes best suit-ing their morphology and calculating their appropriate volumes (Nauwerck 1963; Rodhe, Vollenweider, and Nauwerck 1958; Strickland 1960). Instead of developing an average volume / species based on a few representative organisms, dimensions of each organism enumerated were measured.

Phytoplankton productivity samples were taken at the same locations and at the g same frequency as samples collected for identification, enumeration, and biovol D T' 4 ume measurements. Duplicate samples were collecteu from 1 meter below the sur- @

b face at each station using a 6-11ter Van Dorn bottle. After all samples were g collected, each was strained through a 333-micron mesh nitex net to remove zoo-plankters and detrital materials that could be labeled by the carbon-14 material.

The strained water of each sample was placed into a 2-liter flask to which four 1-milliliter ampoules of 10 pCi Nall 14CO3 were added and thoroughly mixed. Time-zero samples consisting of one 0.5-milliliter subsample per sample were measured 2-4 acience services division

O and placed into scintillation vials along with one drop of 6N sodium hydroxide.

One 50-milliliter subsample per sample was removed and strained through Whatman GF/C filters at minimum vacuum pressure (<50 millimeter lig dif ferential across the filter) and the filters placed in scintillation vials to provide an estimate of background counts. Duplicate clear and darkened 300-milliliter BOD bottles were filled with the remaining sample. When all samples were prepared, they were suspendad 1 neter below the surf ace at their stations for 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br />. Following in-cubation, the bottles were retrieved and the contents of each preserved by adding 12 milliliters of buf fered formaldehyde. Subsamples of 50 milliliters were re-moved from each bottle, filtered as previously described, and each was placed in a scintillation vial with enough tissue solubilizer to cover the filter pad.

Activity counts were made using a liquid scintillation counter.

Phytoplankton productivity in milligrams of carbon fixed per liter was calculated for each replicate sample from the scintillation counts using the formula:

mg carbon fixed /2 = (counting rate / total activity) x (total sample volume /

subsample volume) x alkalinity (mg/E) x 0.95 x 12 x 1.064 where:

Total activity = amount of potentially available carbon-14 at time zero Counting rate = clear bottle minus darkened bottle counts Total sample volume = 300 milliliters Subsample volume = 50 milliliters 1.064 = correction for the isotope effect Phytoplankton chlorophyll a samples were collected from the same water sample from which regular phytoplankton samples were extracted (stations 1 through 10 and 17 through 21) . To prepare phytoplankton samples for analysis, a meacIred volume of water was filtered through a 0.45-micron filter pad stabilized with magnesium carbonate. The filter pad was then frozen for shipment to the central laboratory, where it was extracted for 14 hours1.62037e-4 days <br />0.00389 hours <br />2.314815e-5 weeks <br />5.327e-6 months <br /> with acetone, ground for 30 sec-onds with a tissue grinder, centrifuged, and measured on a narrow-band spec-trophotometer at 665- and 750-millimicron wavelengths before and after sample 2-5 science services division 573156

f acidification. Periphyton samples were similarly processed, except that scrap-ings from natural (as available) or arti ficial substrates were used. All con-centrations were calculated using the equation:

Chlorophyll a (pg per sample) = (D 3 h -U)a [R/(R-1)] (V/E) (10 /ac) which equals 11.9 x [2.43 (Db

- D )] (V/E) for these samples, were:

D = optical density of sample af ter acidification =

D 665 -D750 (acidified)

I)b " "U " '""' Y " U*

I)665 -D 750 (unacidified) a = specific absorption coefficient for chlorophyll a.

(in grams per centimeter)

V = volume of solvent used to extract the sample (milliliters) g R = path length (centimeters)

(7)

R = D /D for pure chlorophyll a = 84 according to b g Talling and Driver (1963) O To convert to micrograms per liter er micrograms per square centimeter, the above chlorophyll a value was divided by number of liters filtered or number of square centimeters scraped.

During this survey, periphyton camples were collected at five stations (1, 10, 11, 12, and 25) in Lake Michigan ar~ st three pond stations (17, 19, and 21).

Pond samples were collected using a modification of an artificial substrate sam-pler described by Patrick, llohn, and Wallace (1954) and flohn and He11erman (1963).

This sampler suspends two racks of five glass slides each, with a surface area of 37.5 square centimeters per slide, just below the surface as a substrate for peri-phyton colonization. Colonization generally takes place in 2 to 4 weeks; thus the " incubation" time per sampler was one month. Qualitative lake samples were scraped from natural substrates found at each sampling station. When samples were collected, the slidea (both sides) and substrate scrapings were placed 2-6 aclence services division

O

\

into 8-dram vials and preserved with 6-3-1* solution. Two replicate slides were quantitatively analyzed per sample, although all slides were scraped and the scraping saved for reference. Counts were made as described for the regular phytoplankton samples. Biovolume estimates were also generated for these data in the manner described for phytoplankton.

2.1.2 RESULTS. Results for numerical abundance, biovolume, chlorophyll a, and productivity have been included in relevant quarterly reports (TI 1978b, 1978c, 1979a, 1979b). Tables 2.1-1 through 2.1-5 and Figures 2.1-1 through 2.1-19 sum-tarize that data and provide comparisons with previous years' data.

2.1.3 DISCUSSION 2.1.3.1 Phytoplankton Density and Biovolume. In 1978, as in the previous sampling years (1974-1977), a multitude of phytoplankton taxa were co11ceted in the vicinity of the NIPSCo Bailly Study .ea (Table 2.1-1). This table shows spe-cies occurrence for Lake Michigan stations 1 through 6 and 10, lake stations 7 through 9, and pond stations 17 through 21. Table 2.1-2 shows the taxa col-1ected during each of the five years (1974-1978). A total of 168 taxa (including unidentified forms) were collected in Lake Michigan and nearshore interdunal ponds in 1978, and to date a total of 325 taxa has been collected in five years of study. Mean numerical abundance and biovolume of total phytoplankton by sta-tion are listed in Table 2.1-3. Figures 2.1-1 and 2.1-2 summarize lake and pond changes in density and biovolume April 1974 through November 1978.

Density peaks are evident in Lake Michigan data (Figure 2.1-1) in June, August, and October 1974; June 1975; November 1976; November 1977; June and November 1978. Biovolume peaks indicated a bimodal annual change, with primary peaks in spring and fall (April and November). The large difference in magnitude of the fall 1978 density and biovolume peaks is due to predominance of small coccoid and filamentous blue-green algae. In the conds (Figure 2.1-2) density and biovolume peaks more nearly coincided until August 1977, when large Cladophora in Pond C caused biovolume to greatly exceed cell density. In April 1978, large desmids and diatoms caused the same disparity while the inverse (high cell densities with low biovolume) occurred in August 1978 due to a bloon of blue-green algae.

6 water: 3 ethanol: 1 formalin.

Sw %,

~ -~ w .

2-7 science services division

• • • o Table 2.1-1 Phytoplankton Occurrence, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1978 SPR SUM FAL SPR SUM FAL TAXA 12345 12345 12345 TAXA 12345 12345 12345 LNIDENTIFIED ALGAE CHLCRELLA ( LPIL I 23 5 LHIDENTIFIED ALGAE (LPIL) 2 12345 1234 CLOSTERIOPSIS LCN3ISSIMA 3 CYAtiOPHYTA CLOSTEPICPSIS ( LPIL) 4 345 CHRCCCCCCACEAE KIPSCHNEPIELLA LUNiRIS 3 C190CCCCCU3 LIMNETICUS 2 COCYSTIS ( LPIL) 3 123s 123 5 CHRCOCCCCUS ( LPIL) 1 QUAJRICULA CFCOATII 1 A011ENELLUM ( LPIL) 2 5 1 GOLEtNINIA (LPIL) 3 2 F1ICROCYSTIS ( LPIL) 1 12 45 12 MICPACTINIUM PUSILLUM 1 OCitPHOSFHAERIA LACUSTPIS 12 12 _

MICPACTINIUt1 ( LPIL) 1 1 GOMFHOSPHAERIA AFCNINA 1. < -

DICTYC0rHAERIUt1 PULCHELLUt1 1 CCt1FHOSPHAEPIA i:AEGELIANUM 12 F" DICTYCSPHAEPIUM ILPIL) 2 1 CCt FHOSPHAERI A ( LPIL) 2 34 1 SCDIECESt'US ACU:1INATUS 12 APMANOTHECE (LPIL)

CHAMAESIFHOMACEAE 1 12 5 12 {6 ,d 5 w

SCENEDESMUS ACUTUS SLEtCDEft:US DENTICULATUS 3

4

'/*" h CHAT *AESIFHCN (LPIL) 3 SCEfCDCSMUS CUACRICAUCA 3 3 13 CSCILLATC7IACEAE ~.D SCENEDESMUS ECCENIS 123 1 34 1 CECILLATCPIA (LPIL) 1 45 12345 13 C 7/l SCENECESMUS EPIMCSUS 3 3 to lyt:CDYA ( LPIll 12 5  % SCEf; IDES:tUS ( LFIL) 12345 3

$ OSCILL ATCRI ACEAE ( LPIL)

NOSTCCACEAE 13 FEDIASTPUt1 DUPLEX PLDIASTPUt1 TETRAS 3

4 AN AD AE!!A CIPCINALIS 2 FEDIASTFUM CORTANUM 1 AN'.C AEr1A ( LPIL ) 1 34 1 17 TETPAECRCN CAUDATU'1 4 AFHANIZCt'ENCN F LCS-AQUAE 12 1 C 'l{ TETRALDRON MUTICUM 2 5 CYANOPH)TA ( LPIL1 23 3 m: y TETRAECPON ttINIMUM 4 CHLCROFHYTA ;q TETRAEtrCN TFICCWM 3 VOLVOCALES 'T ' SCH?OEDERI A ( LPIL) 12 CARTERIA (LPIL) 1 4 CRUCIGENIA CUACRATA CH Lt ti r D0t"CNAS ( LPIL ) 12345 1234 12 l .-Q. ~#'. CRUCICENIA FECTANCULARIS 1

5 EUCC71NA (LPIll 1 ' chi TETP ASTRUt1 ( LPIt,) 1 GCNIU'1 ( LPIL ) 2 4 1 7?",{ ; COELASTFUM MICROFC?UM 34 2 g PtDICTILU'1 ( LPIL) 4 .g CHC0ATELLA CILIATA 2 VOLVCCALES ( LPIL) 4 13 4 CHLOPOCOCC ALES ( LPIL) 12345 234 o- TETRACFC7 ALES 1 ULOTRICHtLES h GLO:CCVSTIS (LPIL) 123 2 ULOThRIX (LPIL) 1 O

O ELAKATOTHRIX VIPIDIS E LtKATOTHRIX ( LPIL) 2 1

13 S.H MICROSPCRA ( LPIL)

ULCTRICHALES ( LPIL) 1 1

W CHLCROCCCCALES CEDCOCNIALES 8 SPHACPOCYSTIS SCH00ETERI 1 4 3 OEDC30NIUM ( LPIL) 1 5 35 12 4 2 Q SrH AEROCYSTIS ( LPIL) 12 3 '+ 5 1 Z1GNEt1\ TALES 6

O g ANKISTPCOESMUS CONVOLUTUS AinISTFCDES!"US FALCATUS 12 12 4 13 12 5 1 4 MOUSEDTIA (LPIL)

CLOSTERIUM MONILIFEPUM 1 34 3

13 2

1. At/AISTRCCESMUS (LPILi 1 4 CLCSTERIUM (LPIL) 234 l1 N 7 AA k

5 3

9 9 9

l-Table 2.1-1 (Contd)  % ,7 Tr }

h b

= SPR SUt1 FAL SFR S U'1 FAL

'C 12345 12345 12345 T A.v4 12345 12345 12345 TAXA

', CCCMARILRi (LFIL) 1 4 2 4 Cm^C '

HYALOTHECA (LPIL) 3 C):R:CrHYTA (LPIL) 1 E STAU ASTPL"1 FA?/ C0YU9 4 2 E SCIL 11 ICPH YT A-CENTP!C EUTCDISCALES L STAUPASTFUM JCHN:0NII 4 ST?C ASTFL"1 ( LF IL ) 3 234 1 t'E LCSI? A ITALIC A 1 CCNST0Z1CC:: PILCLU"'1 4  !'ELC3 IPA ISLf ?". !CA 12 12 CHLC?CFHfTA (LPIL) t'CLCSICA (LPIL) 12 5 135

(. EUG LEt:OrH f T A 12 4 2 CfCLOTELLA CAS5!A 1 I EUS LE t: t L E S CYCLOTELLA (LPIL) 1 1 1 EU3LEt:\ (LPIL) 345 5 STErHAtC3!CCU3 EIPOEPANA 1 2 f 12 12 T P ACH E LCt;O!! AS ( LPIL ) 35 4 STEFMNOJICCUS AS r?AEA

[

XANTHOIHfiA STEF:ttt:COISCUS ( LFIll 12 1

( ) HETE00CCCCALES !v E LETC?:EF A CCSTATL'1 2

' 6' FERC' LIE LLA ( LPIL) 1 D ELETCNEtta FOTarV3 2 k Of! HETEPOTPICHALES U ELETONEMA (trIL) 12 C J" TRIEONEMA (LPIL) 1 EUTC3ICCALES ( LFIL) 12 12345 1 C d ]g FHIZOCHLOPIDALES FHIZC20 LEN! A LE S FH I2000LEtil A EPIENSIS 12 12 1 g; % STIPITCCCCCUS ( LPIL) 12 m CHRYSOPHYTA BACILLt0ICFHYTA-FENNATE CUPYCOMON!CALES FPAGILA?IALES MALLAM0'ItS (LPIL) ACTEDIC?CLLA FCMMCS A 12 1234 12 g6 CH?i!CCCCCUS ( LPIL) 1 3 5 D I A T C"12 T E t ?.'E 12 12 5 S i t?J" A (LPIL) 1 FP AGIt ?PI A C;OTC';EiiSIS 12 4 12 12 DINOC? tCN SEPTULARIA 1234 2 3 FP?CILARIA CAPLCINA 1034 DIMC27 YON DIVEPGENS 12 3 F P

• S!L API A '.'tCCHE0I AE 123 DINCCRTCN PE0!FCTME 1 FF? CILARI A ( LFIL) 1 34 12345 1 4 DINCCR1CN C1 LIf C0!CL"1 1 2 FEFIDICN CIPCULA?E 5 DI!CCRTC:4 SCCI ALE 12 12 1 4 MEPICICN ( LFIL) 2 DINOCTYC:4 ( LPIL ) 12345 1 34 ST::CCT A L'U:t 12 5 10 CHOO",ULItiA ( LFIL ) 5 SINEC?A (LPIL1 12345 1034 45 FCEU0CKCFHtPIC'4 ( LPIL) 1 1 TACCLLtRIA FENESTPATA 1

1. VEFatRICN ( LFIL) 1 T/CELLAPIA FLCCCULCSA 12 4 12 123 S CH0Y0CCMPOMULIt:A PACVA 2 12 4 2 T/EELLARIA (LPIL) 1 8 CH71 CCCHF OMU LIN A (LPIL) 12 FPASILAPI ALES ( LPIL) 1 5 3 CHRYCCMOUDALES t LFIL) 12345 4 EUNCTIALES h E L!J T I A (LPIL) 5 35 g ISOCHRYSIDALES ISOCH;YSIDALES ( LPIL) 3 ALEN NTHtLES g ACHNINTICS ( LPIL) 345 234 4 ty MONOSIGALES MONO 31G A ( LPIL ) 12 3 CCCCCNEIS ( LFIL) 3 24 1 Q- STELE MMONAS DICHOTC'1A 12 2 NAVICUL/LES t'ONOSIGALES (LPIL) 1 AMPHIPLEL7 A FELLUCID A 1 GYRCSIGMA (LPIL)

. c. ,

Table 2.1-1 (Contd) o SPR SUM FAL TAXA 12345 12345 12345 L ey~nd~

NAVICULA (LPIL) 123 5 345 45 pit 0 ULARIA (LPIL) 3 5 SPP = April Sampling CO1PHONEMA TPUNCATUM S SUM = June and August Sa pling CC 1PHCNEt1A Act."11NATUM 3 FAL = November Samplina 00:1P iCNEttA ( LPIL ) 1 5 1 5 35 CilCELLA (LPIL) 1 4 Location 1 = Near-field stations 1-6 and 10 NAVICULALES (LPIL) 12 5 Location 2 = Far field stations 7-9 EPITHLMIALES Location 3 = Pond B PHCPOLCDIA GICEA 45 4 Location 4 = Pond C PHCPOLODI A ( LPIL ) 4 Location 5 = Cowles Cog BACILLARIALES H ANTZSCHI A ( LPIL ) 4 NITZSCHIA ACICULARIS 1 4 12 4 1 4 NITZSCHIA H3LSATICA 1 NITZSCHIA LINEARIS 1 t4ITZCHIA (LPILI 123 5 123 5 12 5 -

g l

SURIPELLALES CYilTCPLEU7A SOLEA SURIRELLA ( LPIL) 12 13

^Q

$ BACILLARIOPHYTA-PENNATE (LPIL)

PYPPHOPHYTA-DINOPHYCEAE 123 12345 2 45 }@Q._

.'Nh GYtiNODINIALES Git;tC3INIU1 I LPIL) 1 4 1 4 Dd/

a1 PERIDINIALES PERIDINIUM GATLHENSE 34 g

PERIDINIUM INCCNSPICUUM PERIDINIUi1 CINCTUM 12 4 1

%T-

[Q, PERIDIN!U1 (LPILi 1 34 1 4 (w" ? D CERATIUM HIPU!CINELLA CRYPTCPHYTA 12

(("

gQg i CR Y PT O!'ONCD A L ES o

CRYPT 07:CNAS r1ARSSCNII CRYPTCt:ONAS CVATA 4 5 13 13 1 34 45 b]% -[

3

$ CRYPTCriONAS (LPIL) 12345 12345 12345 O PHODO: ION AS t1It."JTA 12345 1234 1234 A <

G , PHCOC!10NAS LENS l' "

cs PHODOMCNAS fLPIL) 12 2 9 d CMROO!!ONAS ( LPIL) 12345 1234 2 CYAt:0:10NtS ( LPIL )

g 7.0 p\ CRYPT 0MONADALES ( LPIL) 2 O

12 5 h' y

E O a P

r E

O 3

0 -

O O

Table 2*1-2 Annual Occurrence of Phytoplankton in Lake Michigan and Nearshore Ponds from 1974 through 1978, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area vear 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 oca* 5 Ta 6 t*er "raiam Fonds t a k e Pi h i ran F'on d s L a k e i c h i 'ia n Fv $s la e wi c h i c.a n F or d' Lake *1 ce t ue Pceds Cyanophyta e 5p* 5p 5 5 Un i sen t i f ied C yano;+y t a 5p F 5 F W Chrooc os c a eae Ur.

• den t i f ied (F rauc ot c a< pae 5 Fe w 5 p* 5* F so F* $9  % F 5 F s

<* s F c.

Ayena llian sp . 5 F c p s t* 5 5 F F* '* !p 5 5 (p Aphan.nc apsa sp. e *<*Fe 5 F

Apanc th.( e sp , 5p t hrm.t orus sp  !* F W ' F 5p F 9 $p 5 F 5p 2 F F Ci { resc c,t t i. 5 F

C . l i ar t i c us c C ocl es, na er i um w . s I .* F* <p, s F C at ty loc c,c s ,pi s sp. $ 5- F Cl oept he< e sp. F*

f (* c,* F Grieg hosp ae er i a sp $ F F F $

G. cayjol,ian r 5 F F*

d. aponica 5 F 53 F*

G. lac ustris ** (* 5p **F 5p 5 F 5; '*F. (*

5p ( sp F* F mc roryst i s sp. F I* F FhddMerma sp. F C hadar s iphon ac e ae

( h aPa e s ijib'Ws N Pleu ~rotavsareae Un id*nti f ied Pleure:a; sat eae 5 Osc illa tor 1 at e ae g '.p* F $ s Uni dent i f ied Osr. il l at ,r i ar eae s F .* s ca 5p* $* I $ F 5p'(* F 5p <*F* 5p* $* F *p < F 1r*<=F sp Asgilla'oria sp. 50*<* F l' .*

5

0. agh i ts i a s

O. prin, ep <*

s F ho m i d i um s ** se F $

lyngtyi sp Os t o( a t eae Un t ien t i f ied Nos t N ace 4e Sr* 5 F 5p $*

An64cna sp *F 5p I Sp F $ F 5 sa *F $* F s F

$= F i T. (ir(wlis F $*F A. fim-apae A pan i rwenon 5*

in C ylsr had d.Jrosper%e i d sp. sp . $p R aphid i ops _i s sp . $

g C h l ':enph y t a g Un iden t i f ied C h lorn $hyta Ep **r w $* w 5p $* $* F 5p $* F 5p $* $ F

@ Chaetopherales

's 5 5 s 3 trnident i f ied Chaetophorales s Q thinrnsarc ina sp. r F%eiriendodonicps_1s sp. s g

C hl oro(oc c ale s sF s F

1. 5p sa I w 9 **Fa w Sn 5 I (p s F s F sp $* sp sF 5c' s r itn i den t i f ied C hlorncoc c a le s F

G Actinastram sp.

AnyJ s t rmiesaus so s F w spa s I ga s* F sp s s F so s s e s F 5p s s F Q sp s r sp s s s $p s s

, A. omoi o t us_ sp 5 so 5 ' sp $ F O A. falcatus $p F Sp 5p (p $ F 9 5 5

'p g A. spi ralis F 5 Dorinant taza 1 '

7 sp = spring, 5

• surver, F' fall, w , winter d y t@: .Mt {17; F q ., s.-

e, , +. t

e'Il

,i Ir , y \ '

r - -

A g >

j f)f* .

E.m CI 579162

Table 2.1-2 (Contd) O Year 1 Year 2 tese 3 veer 4 ' ear 5 Tais t a6 e "icnican F ord s La6e C:ai m Pones t a6 e rit ei ;en F .< d s L ane Sc*i;an F ar is L an e "T i a $ can Pr is Chiaro;*fta ICytd)

C h i c.res c oc c 31 g g (Cantd}

ChMa?ella sp. $p 5 F $ F' S* $ F $

C iiliata s r C . c i t r i f :.-i s s

f. pa $r$seta s fyic ra T i -~ <p r p

t!~c s teriepsis_ so s 5: s F F s C . l og i s s f -a <-

rvlastre sp r <*F* sp F sp F* s 5 sp 5 5 r p* 5 ,* F r C . ~ ir u r opor # F C . c c+ r :# s s F $*

f.r x jyr'~i s s p . 5, F Sp F Sp $

C.cruc ifere 5 F

(, y a1 rata n 5 F 5

< F T. t e t r a;+d i a 2 S

C . r h t n'r ,5 ~ ~~_r i _s

., exe , s.

I _. ,y . t + sa r_1. # 5p 3 o 5. p **

• F s 'p (

e r ro r.t - rg i a _ r ,

pu *. ell e F Sg 5 F s F F y h 1f q ystig ip i Franteia sp. $

H 41,<. inia sp. '-

N G. ra 11at a c.p

%1em in_i spsi s sp 5 W i r se r r eriella s p.

~

5 F $ F ' * 'p

• Sp 5 F 5p*

6 .~ 1.,o a r i s - 57 F. obe s a 5 5 $ F F F 'p Mic rac t iair sp. $p f Sp 5

".' ps il l e

~

$ F w . .w i s 5 0;brg yty r sp

• F $

^Q tis sp F Sp 5 F Sp 5* F $ F 5 F 5; e

0 31,epcy s t i 9re i s

" err < m t u s 5

( 'p'5 (- 5p F a Lias t re ? p F F F, tergan_# F Sp 5 F S 5 F 5 F

f. vien F Sp* $* F F F 50 5 5 5 F 5 g P. sd[les F 0 P. tetre s 5 F p S 5

- Pse 1v ri er.11a sF 0 ha iriy a sp~ F h 5 5 5 F 3 $ (*Raatii s o $< e,m- 5 7Ns < D 5 F = S c' *

• F* m

• Sp* 5* F

• 5,

• 5

• F

• to 5 F 5p 5 5 r ', S $ $ F S $. ac ur i r_a t as S 5* F

• 5 F s s F 5

$. ac u' as F F* 5 sF F 5p g $. arc uat ss $* F 5 5 5 0 5. c oi scr a t ;5 s 2 N, t.ti n rin us s o- g }. den t sM at 4 a ~ree sp s F 5 S (,0

5. et cm s 5 r r s 5 sr s*s F <; 5 F <- s 5

1. g

. }.. .iarsr~1M c~ l ,e s i s s s So s s

g_ sp s r < y* s s F s F s-* s F F < s r*

@ 5. qIa ir _dau sa r , s 6 (* F <*F 5 F 1 00 m

0-3

? ,

g U c

• b a) CBuskh&M, , ,

W: 1.'u NO i.

Table 2.1-2 (Contd) ,

c, VU Year i Tear ? Year 3 Year 4 Tear 5

_ Tara Lake Michipn Ponds la6e wichigan Ponds La6e M? chi gan F ond s L an e m i c h i gan Pros Lake ric e f ;a n Fonds

a. ..)

4.,-

m g Chlorconyta (Contd)

E^ "'; 7 Chlorococcales (Contd)

, S. sptnosus 5 5 F 5 5p 5 5p 5 F b3' b bre ederia sp, F F $ $ 5 Sa Selec as t roer sp. 5p 5

{- ;3 '

' yW if e ' 5 F f" , riaut ,m (,

, , 'c ra s t rum so. F

> v Sp* 5 5 F 5 5 F 5* 5 F

5. '.4ero<

st bre eysteri t i s sp . 5 F 5* 5 5 f*

{ J * "7j tet r4e ne sp. 5 F

')

I. cas ut e g,, f. ut it s 5 T . t r im.oum 5 5D

' '.%. T. r fnImum F F 5 5 F 5 F $ $ F 5 J Tet re.t r e sp. be $p 5 5 5 Treut4ria sp. F r" r 'E nest *lla sp. 5 Oe do<p m I sles NfTois sp. F Sp F 5 F 5 Sp r $p

5. un iul a t o F s Bulbo < haete sp.

N

~

Cla 1op hore fei 3 h

y C l a dop pora Te t ranorales

.p .

, g 5* F

• 5p 5 5 "

Un iden t i f leu fetrasperales 5 F W 50 A s t e ror nq us s p. 5 g 3 p y 5

f l o a t nt.br_i_ sp. F 7

lohg 5p 5 F 5 F SP 5 7 5 Sp 5 F 5p 5 F 5 F 5 s sp. 5 F G. gi<us F p

f. yT3tynn_9a U10 t r u hale s 5 F

Un ident i f ied I;10t r ic ha les 5 F W 5 F Sp F 7

Mic rmpora sp. g t;l a t h r i n sp. 3 D a i t e filip sp.

VOl v0b ales e e e e 5p 5 5p 5 F 5p 5* F 5p 5 F -P 5 j '

Unidentified Volvotales F 59 5 F W ED SP $ r 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 50 5 5 F ' 5 F h 5 g a mas sp. F r F ed-lr i.n a sp. Sp Q_ fn i a.n sp.

5 O Pan.ior ina sp. 5p 4

3 Pedinmmas sp.

5 5 E O (9ermtoivpsi_g sp $,

Q V ol .o = sp.

Z y gnema ta les O Unidentif ied Zygnenatales F Sp 5 F O Arthre iesmus sp. 5 Sp 5p g e c, 5 S 'E CTFiterium sp. F 5* F F 5 F g

}_ C. grat tle 3 $ ,,

O C. 6tetiinj i t 7 3 Q C. set uer $

g C,suri.e cosmet e 5

5 r 5 F 5 F 5p 5 5 I SD 5

, c. osm_e r_.m. so. -- ,

O 3

579164

Table 2.1-2 (Contd) o ear i tear 2

^3M. y.g

~..

Tana t aa e mchigan F ond s Lake Nhigan Fond s year 3 f ono Year 4 Year 5 take "ichigan L ane *1ce t gan For n Late micripn pond s

(=~.:,

S l ortpr y ta ( Coc t d )

Zyven.atales (Con td)

BTyy p__sup sp. r 5-

-4 v. e v t ,q >n i r 5 Q.. QW D . t'a i T e,T-- - 5 C. siartti 5 f ast re sp. 5 pTL, Q a t n' il,m.

c. vins sp. 5

,a ,m La yel!dtker_aso.

. 5 5

k. m+ osa 5 b-.-

".T** P*i c ra s t er i a s sp. 5

[1[ p.' b ren ergi1 5 t r 2 r c Q K i M p. - 5, r Sp r r 5 5, 5 i 5 Sp E r $s r r-g,n . e hrot aen i, sp Sp.cogra sp.

w Sr. $5 r w

<o r - 5

,22 . .d

' p te dy lo s t en sp 5p I

' # sp 5 F W 5 I W ** 5 r $*

[ 1 SP F 5

F 5p 1 ", 5. dicilei ~ >

as#- 6 S . p6:51,n t hum 5 N u G.CE 5. t aMo de 5 5 1

]M- S. radiars ~ 5 j Sta S . pa s

}ra's.>nt rum $*

6% ' i i " J ", ,

im $. gral~a t arium 5 ib 5. Innjirsdietum 5 5

5. 6pr iara de 5 F 5

$ . tet r ac crum 5 5 Iugleno; h y1a Unidentified f u'J enrg i byt a 5 fuglenales Unidentified f uglenales 5 F $ F f SP 50 Eu F F Sp 5 F SP 5

[ .glena sp. '"*5 50 $

a C u_s_ $

l. q irocyre ,

t epc incTis sp. F 5 5' inacus sp. 5p Tr ac heloma s sp.

F F 5 5 SP 5

$p F 5p 5 5 5p 5 F S Iar tioim y' ta~

~~

SP 5 O Unident i fied Ianthophyta FW R* i te( h l e,r t da l e s

{ imident i fled Philo( H oridales 5 Stipitococcus sp. 5 F 5p 5 SP 5 5 O R hilleringsis sp. Sp*

O He t eroc o( Ea les ~

g Unident if tef Feterococcales F f 5 g Up h i ocy I i tFN sp. 5 og ferreiea sp, ,, y ke fe rot'r Eha le s T r i bon-a ..p . 5 O T. a f f ir,e 5 O C hl c racroel a les

 #                         Unidentified Chlorawbales                                                                          59              SP i

m cn165 a 9 0-3 O O O

44 ,

      ) '. i .e    ,

q .,

              "~

o

         }2'y                                                                                             Table 2.1-2 (Contd)

{ , (> f Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Veer 4 Year 5 s' ' ) Tasa 1.ame Pichigan Pvds Lane Michigan Fonds L ake P'ch t ge Pon h Lake "icht aan Fonds take F'chigan Ponds ( / Chrysophyta [. { Lnidentified Chrysephyta Sp 5 F W 5p 5* F Sp 5 Sp 5 5p 5 F Sp 5 5 Chrysomn a dale s { f Unider tified Ch mo*xa dales 5 F W 5* F w* Sp *F* 5 p' " F

• 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5p* F 5 5 F l l E1 *nas sr Sp Ctr' ATirs sp.

5 5* Sp 5,, f brys 4 hrmu_14a sc Sc* 5p 5p 5p 5p (

                     )

C he v ny c u s_ s p. I W Sn 5 5p 5* F 5p F Sp 5 Spa 5 53 5 F 5p 5 5 f M onem i s sp. 50* F 5p F 5p 5 [. " ; i My nry,g sp. $* F y F we (-* 5* F 5p* 5 $p 5 F 5p* $ F 5p' Sp* F 50* 5 ** F p ., , t uvarir 5p f Qljndr f f 5 F 5p 57 5 f_ .g'

                              ". a t verrens                          5 F                           5 F                       5p      F         5p     F       5 F                          5                 F*

g._ O. ped I. Force 5 py CQ D s*rtal aria 'a 5 F 5p 5p F sp c p F o Sc 5 5p+ F. C LI 0 p[rj ale ' ~ $ F F F Sp 5 4* sg* F 5p 5 F r*

rer+r sp. Sp 5

Sp 5 F W Sp 5 f W 5p* $* F 5***F* So

• F Sp 5 F* Sp* 50 $ F Ac anar t hes sp. 5p Sp 5 F 5p F 5p 5p F 5 !p 5 F ,. 5 F 5

Am; 6 _a 'sp . 5 F A*1 ". Fra_ sp F 5p

k. Ornata F b 3 9f rieura pellgr if_a F 5p As ter i onella s p. 5 A . ' f-s a^ 5p r* F* we F 'g* 5 F Sg * $* F

• 5p F Sg
• 5 F 5p Sr* 5 F 5 hv e nne is g F F 5 F 5p 5 fyw4trjleyra sp. F F t C. solea F 5p 5 F So f f"4 el_la sp Sp F 'p* 5 F
• F 5 5 'O 5 D_gt ora sp 5p < $ 5 E . t er.se $p 5 F Sp Sc' 5* 5 50 5 F 50 5 5

f. t erw v. el ce m t e ~ ~ ~ ^ $p 5 5p 5p g B. v aIg re F "*5 3

fan i. 8 a sp 5p 5 F w* Sp 5p r* 5.:* 5 Sp 5 H Frv ilaria sp. So 5 F*w '*F 'O 5 F 5p F* 'n 5 F 5 F* 5p $ F 5p 5 F 10 ** F* Sp 5 F @ T. c apuc i a s F F Sp , f . ( ep t on*n s i) 5p $* F

• w F 5;-* 5 F* F 5
• 5* F
• F 5p* 5 F 5p F ' p* 5 F* *p

f. vae.beria F F* F Fru k t ul j 4 s'p . F b p _n n*4 sp 'p 5 F 5p 5 F w 5*5*r* F 5p 5 F 'p ratum 5 5, 5 F 5p F F

r.

f. . ata c an ur"s

- a t s. cvococ a t a ^~ F f.. t rbnc st e So Cy ros i ma or F le urns t 'vea 5 5 F rp s ,7a 5 werii mn_ c i m u _l a re 50 Sp henaea a sys 5p e4n t is c gi_a Aivit ul a sp 5 5p 5 Sp 5 F 5p 50 5* f hit zs(bia so. F is Sp F 5 50 $ F 5p 5p 5 F 5p 5 5p $ F 5p 5 F g N. ac ic ul a ri Sp 5 F W F 5,

• 5
• 5p 5 50 5c F 5p F 5p 5 F !p 5 F g h. c l_ni t e rju- 5 N. I mearis sp

@ s. l_%cgisiira. 50 3  %. hol sat ic a F 50 5p 50 5p g kirnul_ a r _i 4~hp. W F F sf * $ g i hm c ospen i g s p . 5 W Q h . EuFv e t a C nep f oli a F 50 Sp 5 @ N R _~ qiy ba F r p ', 5 g a stage,s so. %rnismm F 5 r o g b4 (gri_re_Tl a so Mea _ra. sp. 5 5 Sr* 5 F w St. 5 r w L . 5. F 5p 5 F 5p* 5 F 5p F* 5p+ 5 F 5p 5 r 5p 5 '; 5 r g 4 5. ac us 5p o. Q L oina

5. a . v. ra s ,er e F

F 5 50 5 r 5p 5 5;* O 3 4 & 4 E< m s im . 2 . y:[3 - = Table 2.1-2 (Contd) O Vear 1 iear 2 Year ) Year 4 Year 5 Taxa Lake Michigan Pon ds Lake "ichigan Fonds Lake Midigsn roods la6e %chigan Pon d s La6e Mictilan Ponds Sic illar t ophyta (Contd) Pennales 'Contd) Tpbe.l l a.r i a s p . W F 3, . g. 5 g I. fenest ra Sp 5 SP 5 5 T . fln, t ulotsat 5* F

• wa Sp* 5 F sp* 5* F
• Sr F 5p 5 F* F Sc' 5* F Sp 5 F* 59 F*

hniden tified Fraq11ariaceae 5p 5p F 5p 5p 5 F c.p 5 F *

• r Unidentified Ar.hnanthales F Unidentified haviculales 5p 5p F $p p $p g g 5 C rypt oph y ta Unident ified Cryptophyta 5p FW 5 F*

C ryptocona ta les 1:nidentified Cryptorionadales 5 F* W 5*F*W* Sp 5 F 5p* 5 F* Sp s. 5p 5 5 F 5p F Sp 5

• C.hrne,cuu a s sp. F* F* Sp 5 F 5 F* 5 5p 5 F 50 $ F 5p F Sp 5 SD 5 Crypf.ormnas sp.

5* F* W 5p* *

• F t' 5p 5 F= 5pa F* Sp 5* F
• Sp+ So Fe 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5' F
• C . ma r s ,n i i F F 2 F 5p 5 t C. ov'ata ' ~ Sp 5 Sp 5* F

(. refleng F Pho<kwwmas sp. 5* F W 5p 5* 5p* 5 F* Sp* 5* F

• 5p* 5* F
• Sp 5* F e 5 F D. larushs 5*F* 5 F sp* 5p Sp 5p R. lens 5 5 D. irinuta 5 5* r sp 5 F 5p 5 F*

Cyano 6na s_ $ N F y rroph y t a l Un i dent i f ied W $* W 5p 5 Sp H Gymxt in iales Un i den t i f i . d 5 F Cfeo li n i.e F 5 F F 5p 5 50 5 F Sp

• Sp F Perid in(iales .

th identif teJ Pr > 5 F 5 F ed 5p 5p Sp 5* SP $ 5 5p Cerati_um n 5* C. 'I 5 F S 5 5* 5* r.l e.7- 7 61 ur- 5* Sp Sp* 5 f.oiy i-elin s F F 5 Per i.1 fn i ams 5 5 F* So 5* Sp* 5 F Sp 5 ap* $* P . gm od inj .s - 5 5 P. i.rc on,sp ica y 5 5 5 5

f. ptune a, 5 5*

UnidentC fed Allse $p 5 F F 5p 9 0_ 3 0 @ b 7 n- . NEg , ,e s ~ ./(

• L.

s [r'.x' i #, w s..n 4 = %T 4 4* .j/" *i, . '

• i
• M, y ,

U =' U $ll~$o.(,,,. ' b, t 7')lf (0/3,1 - .o 9 , . 4 3 a .j ;c ] 7 D Ov . h Lt O_ 3 O s. Table 2.1-3 Mean Phytoplankton Density (No./mt) and Biovolume (pt/t) by Station for 1978 g Station Apr Jun Aug Nov 1 D* 3,433.8 a:913.3 2,168.3 47,656.0 B 4.76 2.44 1.12 7.18 2 D 5,436.6 1,112.8 6,876.9 26,548.3 8 6.47 0.45 0.24 3.82 3 D 1,954.2 2,822.0 594.0 69,049.1 B 2.13 2.08 0.58 2.47 4 D 5,614.6 7,498.3 4,251.2 28,074.3 B 5.34 1.48 2.3 1.25 5 D 10,733.0 4,942.7 934.0 19,416.2 B 6.38 1.46 0.20 0.94 6 D 1,534.9 8,670.6 2,402.2 26,574.3 8 1.91 4.71 2.02 1.17 7 0 3,827.1 12,733.8 717.5 17,020.3 8 3.69 4.85 0.26 4.09 8 D B 11,367.3 6.37 3,887.4 1.18 7,280.8 1.77 148,133.3 7.21 9 D 7,235.5 7,781.8 404.4 21,609.8 B 12.9 1.36 0.20 2.41 10 D 2,756.5 3,177.6 592.4 28,981.3 B 2.82 0.86 5.82 4.0 17 D 6,990.7 1,935.9 13,546.6 10,924.9 B 11.17 0.26 2.6 2.12 18 D 9,540.7 2,477.2 2,753.3 4,249.9 B 25.32 0.52 0.87 2.23 19 D 3,628.5 981.1 23,219.2 1,700.4 B 2.41 2.41 1.94 0.60 20 0 9,938.8 2,542.5 11,895.4 1,510.8 8 6.33 1.23 1.67 0.40 21 D 547.8 25,344.8 40,847.6 256.4 8 30.59 14.79 2.01 0.30 *D = Density; B = Biovolume s7 sics 9 2-18 science services divialon G

• O

~12.5 1 ~4 3. 0 a I- 3.0 J. CONTINUQUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. _73 7 5 y' g DENSITY ,# g . . . . . . . BIOV0LUME h 'g 7[ t 4 - , \, l / I, 2.0 I \ g g a \ a  ? 8 I \, l I S w 3 s' I 0 ' i t # L e -y3 - ' s s i f - 4  % ,# i jgs c ,l \,

,. l's u

s. 5 1 ,,- ,,' u, u i

u e ~ ~ r \ t ss I \ t g ' ' ', ' I h2 m ~ s 1 g \ %v ,s' 1, 1 I y I o t g I r 1.0 z i I i i g i a n s t t 8 V \ g s  ! \ s s I \ l \ / \ l 1 i a ) \ g 1  ! \ r 1I o i 1 1 1 ' . . s, t' ,j! ~ \<s is su g i m ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' O.0 k 0 g (g MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV O Q 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 $ 0

o. H 7 Q Figure 2.1-1. Mean Phytoplankton Density (No./f) and Biovolume (pt/E) for Lake Michigan F Q in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, May 1974-November 1978r 19 E

l CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 18,000 - =10 W/r n 9.16 :/; Il lI It I i fg g 3 - 7.0 17,000 - . g' g 8 I , g Extremely high biovolumes associated with monospecific organism "clurrping" gg - deleted from overall biovolume calculations as unrepresentative of total 3 , I f pond system (Exception: August 1977 in which Cladophora and Micrasterias Ag I A were present in high biovolume in pond samples, particularly in Po'nd C.) I T 15,000 - fI g 6.0 rg T I r I T I i l 1 f g g i f g _ CENSITY f I g 13*000 - I I I lig - - - BIOV0LUME l l 5,0 ,8 3 f I 1 l t f ' ' I g g _ E 11,000 - I, ,# I i l g 9 [ g' t I S . g I I 4.0 l r g ) # 1 I k _ C 9,000 - , r I r i, ,f I I s - i i 2 i g 1 8 \ O -l i $ M$ 1 ks I I I k i i  % I I I 3.0 I I I \ 7,000 -l I g ,' \ # I g i i \ I I 8 I - l l 0

• I I r t 's$- i I I \

5,000 ,' 1 - 2.0 I , # g 1 i ,' g 'i t f4 i i ti l ' \ # ~ r I l' S ' I \ II \ g* t gi-p i / ' ,f i i I, ,8 8 3,000 E k ,# n ) 4 ,' I8 g - 1.0 g , t / 1 /' , 18 8 o \, 's s'  ! I' i, i- in 1.000 - 0 O.0 MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB f1AR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV $ g 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 h d Figure 2.1-2. Mean Phytoplankton Density (No./mi) and Biovolume (pt/O for Nearshore 7 C Ponds in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, May 1974-November 1978 iii N g ~1 3 N O @ O O Average densities at each depth contour within Lake Michigan indicate small dif f erences among the 15 , 30 , and 50-f t depth contours from 1975 through 1978 (Figure 2.1-3). The only major difference was the deep-water transect (50 ft) which did not show an autumn pulse in 1976. Phytoplankton density increased through time, marked by autumn pulses of increasing magnitude in 1976, 1977, and 1978. A summary of the average density trends for all Lake Michigan stations is shown in Figure 2.1-4. The Lake Michigan average densities also show a general in-crease through time, with prcminent temporary increases in the autumn of 1977 and 1978 due to bleoms of coccoid blue-green algae. A similar increase in blue-green algae for Lake Michigan has been attributed to depletion of silica in the epilimnion (Schelske 1977); water quality data show that silica depletion has been ongoing in Lake Michigan (see Figure 2.6-l) and thus the fall increases in density of bluegreen algae may not represent any change in the trophic status of 12ke Michi-gan since biovolume has not increased significantly. Within the interdunal ponds (Figure 2.1-4), density continued to change without apparent consistent trends. Phytoplankton biovolume values for Lake Michigan and the interdunal ponds (Fig-ure 2.1-5) have changed very little through time (including 1978). This indi-cates that the identified density changes have not resulted in concomitant bio-volume changes and suggests that the density of smaller but more numerous green and blue-green algal forms is increasing. No association with plant operational influence is suspected since the operational mode of the Bailly plant did not change during this time period. Density and biovolume for cepth contours averaged over four years are presented in Figures 2.1-6 and 2.1-7. There are no appcrent density differences due to distance from shore. Overall average density in August is decreased relative to the 1977 summary, reflecting & 5?S172 science services division o 6- 30.7 g7 l 39.11 I CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THPOUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. l .I 14 -  ! g , /\\ l l / \ l I-12 - / \ l / \ l / . . \ l f 10 - / \ l .l a // \ - \ \ ll b 15-FT CONT 0UR STATIONS (1, 4, 7) E g l' o -i g 8 - --- 30-FT CONT 0UR STATIONS (2, 5, 8) -.- 50-FT CONT 0UR STATIONS (3, 6, 9) f[ I ) l f 4 g ~ .. ll . r I I 11 \ \ l .j  ? I- A g '\. ~ i I! j\ g l B If \ .\ - \, I u /~~ 4 - / ,i 'g$ ~ s \.;/ \\; j . - s v\l . . 'a. . -- . - . f- / n g o 2 - / Ny \l g ~p-----. .. q e j  %. - a r i l I i i I I l I g APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV 1977 1978 $ Q 1975 1976 a 4 7 to E g P Phytoplankton Density (No./1), Lake Michigan Stations (1975-1978) q Figure 2.1-3. M @ 9 9 G o CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. =18.4 =43 12 - I g  ; I \ I I r 10 - l  ; LAKE MICHIGAN STATIONS l j [*I ---- INTERDUNAL POND STATIONS l k e 8 - / \ l I d j \ l \ 2 - \ l \ ~ / I t h C 6 - \ / ---' \ s \ \ q \ $ \ l \ ' / \ \ m \ / \ / / \ 5 4 - g / \ / l \ \ \ /\ ) \ / / \ / D \ - \ / 2 - s- - - - s' 7 o - v . [ e i e i i e i 1 e i I h APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV 1975 1976 1977 jg7g a O 4 = M E A 1 h Figure 2.1-4. Phytoplankton Density (No./t), Lake Michigan Stations 3 and Interdunal Pond Stations (1975-1978) o CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CO*nECTitP LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS 35 - b 30 - \\g I\ 25 - l \ } \ ~ LAKE MICHIGAN STATIONS l g } 20 - --- POND STATIONS  ! {  ? I ? E l n \ N o 15 l u I \ l \ 10 - I \ \ 3 I i \ ^ l \ / / \ / \ / \ 5 - l 5 / / \ ^ \ # - s  ; \ / # \ g -__ - / \ sj \ - / \ g / / b~N s, - 0 i I t i i i e e I i b I i t j APR JUN f.UG NOV APR JUN fUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV O 1975 . 1976 1977 1978 0 m o 1 C/I Q 'd . o a & 5 N Figure 2.1-5. Phytoplankton Biovolume (pR/E), Lake Michigan Stations and Interdunal Pond Stations (1975-1978) s O O O 9 0 CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAtiPLING MONTHS 25 - 15-FT CONTOUR STATTONS 1, 4, AND 7 -- FT CONTOUR STATIONS 2, 5, AND 8 - -- 50-FT CCNTOUR STATIONS 3, 6, AND 9 / p / G / 5 / 3 / / Y E 15 - / U, C / E  ! / ' 7' s / '/ ./ t jo - / ./ w / / 6 / / / ./ / */ / e / o 5 - / o ' - - ~ $ ;__. _. . _. w ,&'~--' o -~~ ~ _ s e o 2 0 i e i i i i o o f'f. APR JUN AUG NOV m 'O a M i ~ .} Q Figure 2.1-6. Phytoplankton Density (No./O at Lake Michigan Stations su =ed over 1975-1978 o 3 O O slightly decreased density of blue-green algae in August 1978. The four-year summary (Figure 2.1-6) indicates an overall density increase in November. Phytoplankton blovolume (Figures 2.1-7 and 2.1-8) reflects the limiting effect of available nutrients. While densities fluctuated greatly with changes in cell size of dominant species, the total average phytoplankton biomass from 1975 to 1978 (Figure 2.1-7) showed only slight fall and spring increases. The spring increase may be attributed in part to replenishment of epilinmion nutri-ents during winter mixing. During strutification (summer and fall), mixing takes place to 10 meters (Figure 2.6-3) and nearshore transects (15 ft and 30 ft) sup-port more biovolume than the 50-ft stations. This annual cycle is seen in Figure 2.1-8, where slight peaks are apparent each April, and somewhat larger peaks in the fall of 1977 and 1978. Stations along the nearshore contour (1, 4, 7) yielded higher biovolume concentrations during late summer and fall than the stations along the 50-ft contour. Density patterns within individual nearshore ponds are shown in Figure 2.1-9, llh while mean seasonal densities across ponda and years are shown in Figure 2.1-10. Ponds B and C showed highest densities in April and August, while Cowles Bog peaks occurred in August. Overall densities averaged across years were highest in April and August (Figure 2.1-10). Phytoplankton biovolume in the ponds was relatively constant. Peaks recorded in ponds B and C during 1976 and 1977 (Figure 2.1-11) were the result of algal clumps which did not disperse homogeneously. These individual results are re-flected in the five-year summary (Figure 2.1-12) as biovolume peaked for ponds B and C in August, even though high densities for these stations occurred in April (Figure 2.1-13). The high average August cell density shown for Cowles Bog (Fig-ure 2.1-13) was largely small blue-green algae, contributing to a low average August biovolume (Figure 2.1-12). 579177 9 2-26 science services division o CCNTDeUJU5 SA'UI E Of C0%ECT'% LINL5 LCLS Nai IM ER DAT A CONTIN.J'TY THROUGH NC::5A,rLING MChTHS. E, - - 15 FT C0fiinuR STAil0NS I, 4, AND 7 - - - 3017 CohTOUR STATIC % 2, 5. AND w 4 _,- 50-F i CO*.T0hR S T Ai!ONS 3, 6, A'O 9 y s d  % N g's } p ., as ,- gjX" , , . - - ' ~ - ~ _ . _ . _ - - b I i 1 1 a i e Ar a u Av sov Figure 2.1-7. Mean Phytoplankton Biovolume (ut/t) at Lake Michigan Stations Summed over 1975'1978 G gT 14ute, kA Nel 0F L ant L Tl%5 L ist s f i', rit 7 lvf4 l A' A (ni'; % . [ T r %9 ; K,re % r% ',JuerL ! st, es. h e li ~ 1 % F T ( /i h a R ', T A ' l e ( 1, 4, 7) --- IG. F f ( % f.) rs $ r1 : g, f /, (. p IC - - - 51 if C h * ' 4 9 $ ? A!! .s', f 1, 6, 9 ) K 0 e .g . ,Y'N \ ' / 0 gg - i LQ y 1 8 1 1_ _1_ ^ 1 s 1 i 1 Q a_D-a V e Ar'N J.A A< !  % !v Ab  ;,,5 Ap gi , A, w Lg Ay g,g A, y g .,Ag , ,,j l '4 ' S 14 'r 1 J /1 1, ? d Figure 2.1-8. Phytoplankton Biovolume (ut/t), Lake Michigan (1975-1978) .D, n 1,.,n (3 2-27 scienco services division o CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LIitES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 25.3  ::41 20 - es es ms ev A  !.\ /g C0WLES B0G -- POND B lg 15 - /l - - POND C l \ .. i? I \ \ \ e I \ . u , i 1 I \. 5 t I w c 10 - 1 / } I \. L 6 \ l \ * ~ 2 t \ / t A /\ I r\ I. ~ \ 1 \ A 1 , j/ . 5 t , 1 fr . y , I, / \ I .A \ / ./ 5 - I I /a \ / 1 / \ / '0 1 ll ) - \ I/ \ / y / / '\ \ .; \ 75 , \\ / \ /~ s s O- y \ ,/ \ ll  ; \\ ,b - l \\/ U ' ,' , - ' \ '\ // .\ I ,E - - \ g \ \ ,/ \ fj' N = v .- s $ 0 - , , , , , , i , , , , , e i t , PD 2 APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG Nov APR JUN AUG NOV f m Cll M 1975 1976 1977 1978 ct CO 7 )* 5 Q f @ Figure 2.1-9. Phytoplankton Density (No./1), Interdunal Ponds (1975-1978) O O O 0 8 F CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DrTA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS 7 - 6 - G 5 0 a 5 - 5 INTERDUNAL POND STATIONS ~ w b S

• d 4 -

C 8 3 - o

9. 2 -

o C:1 S sJ e Co a f4 1 T i Q 0 i i i i i i $ APR JUN AUG NOV e S { Figure 2.1-10. Mean Phytoplankton Density (No./E) of Interdunal Pond Samples Summed over 1975-1978 0 (e.g., April data equals mean value for .\pril 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978) o CONTINUGUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMFLING MONTHS. 100 - C0WLES B0G - --- POND B - - - POND C 80 - li g i \ l \ \  ! s R 60 - / g  ? I r y / \ Q l \ " 8 / 1 d, E 40 o I \ / \ 1 \, z0 - l \, i .ex x a / ' ' \ ' g / \ f s s / s ~.~.-----:.. - - y o _ ,p . . . p p APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV 1975 1976 .! 1977 1978 m 8 2 dl 5 E . .i $ NA a CO lr F4 I Figure 2.1-11. Phytoplankton Biovolume (pt/E), Interdunal Ponds (1975-1978) o 3 I O O O G O 30 - COWLES B0G 25 - --- POND B - - - POND C A 20 - / \ / \ , / \ b / \ f / \ N E 15 - / \ 6 3 \ ~ 8 / \ 2 / \ / N / \ 10- - / N / \ N / \ \ \ s / N ' \ /  %,~ a  % / . \ 5 _ s , 9. o N N / . s,N.s- \ N  %,'- \ 5 s g --.m_.  %.N.sg , s g  ! 'I na i i i i f = n APR JUN AUG NOV &d ) 1 ,- Figurc. 2.1-12. Mean Phytoplankton Biovolume (pt/t) of Interdunal Ponds Summed over 1975-1978 (e.g., s 8.6 pt/E value for Pond B in April equals mean value of 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978) 'CONTINU0US NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. o I 14 - C0WLES BOG - - - - POND B 12 - _._._. POND C 10 \ \ \ Ea - \ \ 'F S \ M i \  ! \ . ^ . 26 z \ - / \. N l '% \ 3 \. / 'N a N. \ /

• s 4 -

N N ~~ - N, \ /' '~~y a 0 N

• g w-7 - q .

e . / 3 2 -. N -

• O ,/ \

e a @

• M 1 CD o P 0 -

h C APR JUN AUG NOV a. 'A y Figure 2.1-13. Mean Phytoplankton Density (No./t) of Interdunal Ponds Summed over 1975-1978 (e.g., 5 pt/t g value for Pond B in April equals mean value of 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978) s 9 9 9 O The data collected during five years of study may be used to follow changes in the trophic state of Lake Michigan and the nearshore ponds. Nygaard (1949) has proposed that the ratio: Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales + Centrales + Euglenineae Desmidiaceae may be used to generate a compound quotient. Nygaard stated that a compound quotient less than one indicates oligotrophy. Patrick (1973, cited in Cairns and Dickson 1973) indicates that a quotient greater than one indicates eutrophy. Prescott (1968) indicates that a quotient greater than three equals eutrophy; a quotient ranging from one to three should be the indicator of mesotrophy. While Lake Michigan remains in the mesotrophic range, the increacing autumnal pulses of blue-green algae indicate that the Nygaard index tor the lake is in-creasing. This change may reflect results of competition for nutrients rather than a change in trophic status. The nearshore ponds would continue to be judged cutrophic by the Nygaard index, based on the dominance of Myxophyceae and Chlorococcales. This is at variance with the character of periphyton diatoms. While Euglenoids were present in both ponds and Cowles Bog during the spring and were present in Pond C and Cowles Bog during June, the Euglenineae quotient (Euglenineae/Myxaphyceae + Chlorococcales) (Nygaard 1949) approached saprotrophy only during spring in Cowles Bog. Chloro-coccoid green algae and Myxophyceae were dominant in Cowles Bog as well as ponds B and C during June and August. During November, Chlorococcoid green algae dom-inated the ponds while Cryptomonads were prominent in Cowles Bog. Genera tolerant of organic pollution decreased in abundance during 1978. Palmer (1969) synthesized indices of tolerance for various genera from reports in the literature. Cenera with high Palmer indices such as Oscillatoria, Chlamydomonas, and Synedra had densities during August 1978 of less than 50 cells per milliliter, and thus are not included in the calculation of the Lake Michigan Palmer index for August. M'/15c/ - 2-33 sclonce servlaos division O Lake Michigan Nearshore Ponds Genera Palmer Index Genera Palmer Index Microcystis 1 Microcystis 1 Oscillatoria Scenedesmus Melosira Total 1 Total 11 These totals are similar to those found in 1976 (lake = 1, ponds = 16), and much lower than the limit of evidence for high " organic loading." It is in-structive to consider the Palmer indices for samples taken during June. During June 1978, the following pollution-tolerant genera were present in excess of 50 cells per milliliter. Lake Michigan Nearshore Ponds Genera Palmer Indax Genera Palmer Index Oscillatoria 5 Oscillatoria 5 Microcystis 1 Microcystis 1 Scenedesmus 4 Scenedesmus 4 (acuminatus) (quadricauda) Cyclotella 1 Navicula 3 (eupodiscales) Nitzschia 3 Synedra 2 Total 13 Total 16 While these totals are somewhat below the limits of evidence for high organic loading, it is significant that the taxon Skeletonema potamus was also present , at the westerly lake stations, and had a mean density in excess of 50 cells per milliliter during June 1978. This diatom has been associated with waters having high levels of available nutrients (Weber 1970) and with increases in certain salts (Hasle and Evensen 1976; Stoermer et al. 1974). (...s s m ~ 2.1.3.2 Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a and Productivity. Chloroptiyll a and productivity levels have been plotted for sampling years 1-5 in Figures 2.1-14 and 2.1-15. Chlorophyll a values for Lake Michigan correlate generally with biovolumes. In November 1977 and Apcil 1978, large diatoms and Chrysophyceae dominated lake biovolume, and chlorophyll ft values did not reflect the large in- h crease in biomass. The ratio of biomass to chlorophyll It has been found to vary 2-34 science services division S99/g o 50 - 45 - ^ c $ 40 - l } 3 l l y g 35 - I w p 1

• l g 30 -

R z 1 h 25 - rn h 8 el 20 - t # { 5 k ' N, 15 - #. b I B t $4 T' $s 4 10 - (' k' - ..u $ 5 - ,1 ,, m o ' A l " - - " '~~ -- o JUN- JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG* NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV O 1974 1975 1976 1977 . 1978 LAKE AUGUST 1976 LAKE STATION 4 REPLICATE A EXCLUDED, TURBIDITY E. PONDS IN SAMPLE. VALUE ACCURACY DOUBTED. o e a g (7 Figure 2.1-14. Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a Concentrations (pg/E) Recorded from Lake li- Q Michigan and Pond Sampling Stations in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, si O June 1974-November 1978 o M 3 CD CD O 9 8 - 9 7 - 10.97 6L 84 0 00 M.17 LAKES 6 h t Q PONDS y y 'g ND = NO DATA f ff lf s - u o i 4 y e Y 6 $ -4 _ E* E e . -I 6< 7, 53 E t 4 Fi z - 4 n '.. r g ,, m g2 - , y g (f , f e f g x 1 g!. > C f i 3 0 rt JUN 0,_ _? JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV ?_P i ,0 - O N FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV $ ona 3 I APR JUN AUG NOV rEJ ai APR JUN AUG t NOV ri APR JUN AG NOV $ *1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 e 2 is o # Figure 2.1-15. Phytoplankton Productivity Levels Recorded from Lake Michigan and Interdunal & Pond Sampling Stations in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, June 1974-November 1978 5 o 579187 O O O O directly with cell size amongst diatoms and to be highest in the Chrysophyceae (Parsons et al. 1961). Chlorophyll 31 values for the ponds more nearly follow blovolume fluctuations, since the relative abundance of the Baci11ariophyceae and Chrysophyceae during spring and fall is about half that in the lake, and green algae (Chrysophyceae) yield more chlorophyll 31 per unit biovolume. The notable deviations, in August 1977 and April 1978, coincide with large contri-butions to total biovolume by dinoflagellates. Productivity values during 1978 roughly followed phytoplankton density and biovolume values, with deviations caused by seasonal changes in dominant species. Highly productive chlorococcoid green algae (Malone 1971; Mullen, Sloan and Eppley 1966; Strickland 1972) yielded high carbon fixation rates in ponds B and C during August and November, while Cowles Bog exhibited low productivity. Large diatoms dominating Lake Michigan biovolume during April and June fixed less carbon than the chlorococcoid green algae and blue-green algae, which succeeded them in August and November. 2.1.3.3 Phytoplankton Statistical Analysis 2.1.3.3.1 Methodology. The following statistical methodology was applied not only to phytoplankton density and biovolume but also to zooplankton density and benthos density. For all samples, the procedure of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between factors of interest. Signifi-cant effects were further analyzed using Newman-Keuls multiple range tests (Winer 1971). The analysis was performed on log-transformed data. Zero values were ad-justed to the minimum detectable levels. These levels were: zooplankton density (1), benthos density (1), phytoplankton density (19), and phytoplankton biomass (0.01). Two ANOVA models were used. The first compared data from the 1978 sampling sea-son only. The second considered data from 1975, 1976, and 1977 as well.* Month and year ef fects were considered to be random while station ef fects were treated as fixed, the effects tested, and the error terms used are shown on the follow-ing page. 1974 data were not considered for phytoplankton, zooplankton, or benthos with the remaining data because of the lack of April data in that year. C79/N-vv 2-37 science services division O 1978 only 1975-1978 Month Year Station Month Station 10 vs rest Station Row linear Year x month Row quadratic Year x station Column Month x station Row linear x column Month x station x year Row quadratic x column Replication (residual) Station x month Replication (residual) The two factors, year x station and month x station, were tested. When one proved nonsignificant, it was possible to use the other as the denominator for the F-test of station effects. 2.1.3.3.2 ANOVA Results and Discussion. ANOVA results are shown in Table 2.1-4. For Lake Michigan, monthly densities and biovolume were significantly different within 1978; among years, only biovolume was significantly different. The significant year-month interaction of density and biovolume reflects the non-parallel changes in density and biovolume during like months in different years. Station densities were not significantly different when averaged over years, but significant station biovolume differences were observed. Newman-Keuls results for the lake station effects indicate the average biovolume at Station 1 was significantly higher than the average biovolume at Station 3. Biovolume at all other lake stations was similar. The monthly densities for the ponds were significantly different during 1978 (Table 2.1-4 and Figure 2.1-9). Comparison of yearly mean densities and bio-volume yielded no significant differences for the ponds. Although no differ-ences were observed in the means, differences did occur in the time of year (conth) when peak values were observed and where (station) peak values occurred as indicated by the significant year x month, month x station, and year x month x station interactions. 579189 9 2-38 science services division O Table 2.1-4 1978 NIPSCo ANOVA Results Phytoplankton Density Phytoplankton Biovolume Degrees Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares F- Va lue of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Va lu e 1978 Single Year Lake Stations Mordii 3 97.8583 24.96* 3 34.0780 9.77* Station 9 10.4626 1.21 9 8.1724 0.58 10 vs rest 1 2.3501 2.457 1 0.0605 0.04 Row (linear) 1 0.6404 0.67 1 0.5404 0.35 Row (quadratic) 1 1.792 1.87 1 0.0016 0.01 Column 2 1.8355 0.96 2 1.1948 0.38 Row linear x column 2 0.7179 0.37 2 1.2000 0.39 Row quadratic x column 2 3.1267 1.63 2 5.1752 1.67 Month x station 27 25.9393 0.747 27 41.9i32 1.34 Residual (replicate) 40 52.2752 40 46.4908 Pond and B01_ Stations Month J 17.1186 6.44* 3 20.3068 2.46 Station 4 4.7163 0.38 4 0.5557 0.05 Ponds vs bog 1 0.7357 0.24 1 0.0902 0.03 Pond B 1 0.9422 0.30 1 0.1021 0.03 Pond C 1 0.7248 n.23 1 0.0001 0.01 B vs C 1 2.3136 0., 1 0.3634 0.12 Month x station 12 37.4872 3.53* 12 35.2337 1.07 Residual 20 17.7089 20 54.9273 1975-1978 Multiyear Comparisons Lake Stations Year 3 101.568 3.11 3 77.1935 5.73* Month 3 38.2850 1.17 3 49.4006 3.67 Year x month 0 97.9396 10.08* 9 40.3810 5.25* Station 9 15.3954 1.86 9 15.3484 2.42* Year x station 27 32.3616 1.12 27 14.4564 0.47 Month x station 27 24.8808 0.86 27 23.6662 0.78 Year x month x station 81 87.0055 0.99 81 91.3421 1.38 Residual 150 162.0275 150 128.3056 Pond and Bog Stations Vear 3 15.1141 1.46 25.5974 3 1.09 Month 3 36.8308 3.56 3 49.6286 2.12 Year x Month 9 31.0544 5.55* 9 70.1761 5.15* Station 4 7.3908 0.44 4 14.7347 0.76 Year x station 12 7.1900 0.55 12 23.0592 1.08 Month x station 12 50.4353 3.84* 12 58.5016 2.74* Year x month x station 36 39.9469 1.76* 36 64.1287 3.22 Residual 75 46.6401 75 *Significant at 50.05 2.1.3.4 Periphyton Numerical Abundance and Composition. Most of the material discussed in the previous subsections (particularly 2.1.3.1) deal solely with phy-toplankton studies. Any periphytic algae mentioned are mainly tychoplanktonic (i.e., forms of the littoral community occurring accidentally in the plankton) and usually are not important components of the phytoplankton. The diatom Tabellaria g flocculosa (fenestrata /flocculoca complex) is the only organism encountered in 2-39 scieNObO@s division both habitats in significant numbers. Examples of algae which are usually strictly periphytic are the genera Chamaesiphon, Cladophora, Stigeoclonium, and Navicula. These genera and all other taxa collected on artificial and natural substrate by season in the NIPSCo Bailly Station Vicinity are summarized in Table 2.1-5. Dominant taxa (> 4 percent of either density or biovolume) are designated by an asterisk. As samples were collected from natural and artificial substrates during sam-pling year 5 (1978), abundance and biovolume data appear somewhat biased from station to station inasmuch as natural substrates are exposed year-round and artificial substrates are exposed for only four weeks. Table 2.1-5 is therefore based only on relative abundance data to obviate bias. The reader is referred to Texas Instruments quarterly reports 16-19 (TI 1978b, 1979a, 1979b) for numeri-cal abundance data. Several minor changes occurred in periphyton distribution during 1978: (1) Calothrix sp., Mougeotia sp., and Fragilaria vaucheriae were found in the plume. Other dominant plume taxa were as in 1977; Lyngbya dominated biovolume throughout the year. Oscillatoria, Cyclotella spp., Stephanodiscus astraea, Diatoma vulgare, D. tenue, Fragilaria crotonensis, Nitzschia spp., and Navicula were also present in 1978. (2) Lyngbya and Oscillatoria continued to dominate lake stations outside the plume area. Calothrix and Ulothrix were identified as components of periphyton during the spring and summer. Dia-toma vulgare and Rhoicosphenia curvata were again present at non-plume stations. Achnanthes minutissima, Gomphonema olivaceum, Fragilaria vaucheria, and Stigeoclonium were also important in the lake periphyton. (3) Diatoms (Achnanthes minutissima, Comphonema acuminatum) dominated density end biovolume at pond stations during spring, but were succeeded by green and blue-green algae during summer and fall. (4) In previous years, Rhoicosphenia curvata has been present only outside the thermal plume. In November 1978, R. curvata in-creased its relative abundance at stations 1 and 12 to 66 percent and 77 percent of the total diatom population. At tnis time, it also comprised 30 percent of the diatom population in the plume. Tlus, the thermal effect seems inhibitory but not exclusive to this diatom. (5) Eunotia and Pinnularia continue to be represented by numerous species in the ponds. Most species occurred at Station 19 in Ponc' C during summer and fall. The species present are character-istic of waters of low nineral and nutrient content (Patrick and Reimer 1966). 2-40 science services division G va +. Table 2.1-5 %J ' 7,',,. A Comparisen of Periphyton Occurrence in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, Sampling Years 2, 3, 4, and 5 %w w C'y Year 2 (1975) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) Year 5 (1978) Mkj Taxa Lake Michigan Ponds Lake Michigan Ponds Lake Michigan Ponds Lake Michigan Icnds , Cyanophyta  ;--D Chamaesiphon sal es 1.-v" Unidentified Chamaesiphonaceae 5* g~l.'[@l '- I Chamaesinhnn sp. Lnroccoccaies 5 5 %j Ar:renellam sp. 5 F CJ"Z,] I Ef_a]n{tMe F F ,, C hlorogloea sp. F 4 ChFoscoccus sp. 5 5 F 6 Ld DaTc{Jlococccf_ sis sp. F D ri?.C] M'?.119P$1d sP-Microcystis sp. S 5 F Sp* 5 F F F y) - 'Un' identified throococcales 5 Sp 5p da@zzJ Pl euroca psacea e Chroccoccopsis Sp 5p PTFu~ro'cQsa Dernoc a rpa l es %-4 Unidentified Dermocarpaceae F M+ Oscillatoriales F* 5* F* 5* F* Sp* $* Sp* 5* F* Sp 5 F* Lyngby_a sp. 5 F y p l PP fhy_t_ica i L. limnetica 5 5 5p H L. martensiana 5 Sp* Oscillatoria sp. 5* F* 5* F* Sp* 5* F* 5= F* Sp 5* F* 5* 5p* 5* F* 5p

0. amoena 5

6. ani hiI;ia 5

0. sp endida 5* F Phartnld ium sp. 5* 5* Sp* 5*

ici'sp. 5p* Tymp]intifie<1 On id ~ Oscillatcriales 5p 5* Sp* Rivulariales Calothrix sp. F 5 F* Sp* 5 UnTJentified Rivulariales Sp Nostocaceae W Anabaena sp. 5 F 5 Sp F 0 AphanTFomenon fIos-a quae - ' 5 0 @ @ W o_c sp. Sp 3 O g Chamaesiphanales Chamaesiphon sp. 5* F S @ Chlorspifyti -- g g  % Chlorococcales Ankistrodesmus sp. 5 5 5 5 ~ g K.~ ~c osv oTu tTis- Sp 5 ,N A. faTEaTu's~ 5 F 5p Sp C- Cha ra c ium aquum 5 S Cielastrum sp. ~ ~ ~ $ 5* F # C;riuciSenia apiculata 5 g Desmatractum sp. 5 iiscKrieFiella sp. Sp 5p { - K. Tunaris 5 #_ k. obesa 5 0 3 Table 2.1-5 (Contd) O Year 2 (1975) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) Year 5 (1978) Taxa Lake Michigan Ponds Lake Micnigin Ponds Leke Michig en Pcids Lake Michigan Poncs Chlorophyta (Contd) Chlorococcales (Contd) Sp Mic ractinium pusillum-Kefiroc~yYTini sp. ~ 5 Docystis s~pT ~ - F S Sp Pediastrum boryanum~~- F S Pe3Iastrum tetris Sp SP OhidrTo W sp. So F 5c'enMFs~mus n. S Sp 5 Sp S Sp 5 F F Sp F $. acuminatus

5. a'cutus 5 Sp 5 S*

$.ar[ujiluy 5 SP S $. bicaudatus S , S. FaVin'a'tos is $. $U51kS[ SP Sp \Y[d.5 $. ecornis 5 yC% S. eaadFIiau ti S S F $ . sp Tnis u s' '-- S S S S Sp* 5 F S S ' "f'i F S F Sp* 5 F Sp telenTst' rum 32-Sorastrum SD  % -/, w letraedron sp. F F C;Zb-F I T.~il n IEdi D Iet rastrum staurogonia fomis Sp S [~4 ; C UnToentified l'hTorococca fe's - Sp Sp Sp C1 ado; horal es 3 F* Cladophora sp. S* F* S* F* S* 9 -- Q Rh'iiocl nlum sp. 5 F r- V Chae'tophirales S Sp g 1~~,. Chaetophora- 9 ' '-" - Chiftos}Ih'ieridium globosam S? f- (i StiSeoclonium sp. 5 UnIdestlTTeTChaetorhorales Sp* S* F* 5 F F [M3 F S F Colecchaete F h-- m, f C Eerzojil S F s. <.y D M. iiTandI a Sp S Sp 5 Sp S F

1. t' . I t aT id-

~ S F Sp 5 F ti, virTsi Sp S T Sp S F Sp 5 F Sp Sp 5 F Sp 5 F F {CQ: 1-* rm O_ Sp S S Sp F Sp* e Sp 5 C,2 c yg $tenhano IIscus sp. Sp 5 F S 3 $7astraea S Sp 5 F Sp Sp 5 Sp 5 F Sp Sp 5 F Sp Sp S F O $. binicFana Sp F Sp 5 D:w?* 9 -

5. {an' tic;hij S

$ $ So* N Sp g $. invisitatus F 5 7/&JJ e $. n ia_g.irae~ S 3 } UniEr tiYied Centrales Pennales Sp S F S S Sp 5 F F Sp S F F O Achnanthes sp. 0 Sp* S F* Sn* S* F* Sp 5 Sp* S* F* F* A.~iffisis~ F S* Sp S* F Sp S F Sp S F 8  ? A. E_Te_v_e_i S S E-5?S193 O O O G w .a fF Table 2.1-5 (Contd) o ~ =% DL g -O Year 2 (1975) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) Year 5 (1978) 1 ary Tama lake Michigan Ponds Lake Michigan F'ond s Lake Michigan Ponds Lake Michigan Fonds (hlorophyta (Contd) Il _ ) Fer... 1es (Contd) Achr.anthes exigua 5 Sp 5 T* 5 r 5* F 5 f , ., A. hauck iana Sp 5 F f A. 50 5 F F 5 F A..hungarg hustedi Sp [ , A. lanceola ta F Sp* S* 5p 5 F Sp $* F F S F S f -p A. TinedTs- - Sp 5* F Sp 5* Sp 5 F* Sp S F 5* F* 5* F Sp* 5 F S A . m'i c r'o'c e h a l a 5 Sp 5p F E A. minst is[s ima Sp 5* F Sp* 5* Sp S S F 5 f* Sp* 5* F* 5* F sp* 5* F ql tcp fi.i il etTra~ s p . 5p 5 (-- ~ j A.peJucida 5 5 F SP F Sp S 5p t..< A. rutilans F l ' --;g Amph ipioia~orna t a 5 F L - d, Am S Sp S S 5 Sp F K.phora c'oYfeasp. f ormi s 5p f b.- .t2 A. lyFic a Sp i D 3 A. ovalis S F Sp F S T f SP 5 F 5 db , A USP55,ilja Anonneneis sp. 5 5 F S f $p F F ,2 A. serians ~ 5 5* F 5 f F 5 f i A. vTtrei-5 Sp SS Sp 5* F Sp 5* F F Sp S* f b W Asteriohella fornosa Sp 5 Sp 5 Sp F T 5p 5 F UaFilIa rTa- ~p}da7fo d 5p Calineis sp. ----' F F Sp 5 C. tJcIl!um F 5 C. ventricosa 5 F CoccoreTs TpC S F Sp 5 F Sp Sr S Sp 5 F 5 F C'. <fisEulus 5p C. [Ud fc~uTus 5 F 5 r 5 5 F T C. placKnTula S Sp 5 5 f F 5 f S F S F Sp 5 F Cyma tiipTeura sp. S

t. ellipfiFa F 5 C. siirea -- 5 F 5 Cymh61Ta sp. 5p 5 f Sp S* F S F Sp 5 F Sp 5 F* Sr S Sp F 5p 5 F g C. TffTnis 5 F F 5 F* F Sp 5 o- C. iih'io7y~s SP

@ C. ajpera So Q $ C.caesp]tosa 5 g g g C. c istula L. Tunata F F N C. itiIcTocephala Sp Sp F S* F 5p F Sp F l F F @ C. mfnuta - C. naviculiformis 5 F 5p 5 F S F F Sp C. '[ Fos't r'a t a Sp S* F F SP 5 F Sp F SP 5 F Sp S F f O C. s_inuata_ Sp g C. sphaerophora 5 e C. tuifdi > g C. lifrg'i'da 5 5p 5p Sp 5 C. vintricosa 5 Sp 5 F 5 Sp 5 f 5 Sp S 7, . C. ven'tricosa var minuta 5 5 0 3 Table 2.1-5 (Contd) o  ?**=* Year 2 (1774) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) Year S (1779 Ta n ta6 e Michican ronds tale Michiaan ronds take Michig.in rends take t'ichigan ronds g Chlorophyta (Contd) e,c= F Fennales (Contd) Dittona sp. Sp* ** f* Sp 5 f Sp S Sp 5* 5p A jy/ Ci D anceps 5* f* $* 5

0. h}iervl a 50 S

's treue 5 5 Sp 5* T 5 f Sp 5 5p f 5 Sp S* F S r- S f ,*,, I-mC " D. tenue v. e l on_cg_t um 5 5 5p (pA D. tenue v. tenje 50 5 D. v_ulija re Sp 5 F* Se f N*D 5 f 5p I 5;

• 5 I* Sp 5 f Sp S f S F

h. vulaire v. r> v il e s I M Dent icGli sp ^

]} Sp f 5 I 50 5 f L'i J P.tefuis f Oedogen ia les 7 -, y%. -}4 f ult +0t harte sp. j %rl- pedoomnium sp. a* 5* sp- 5- I* sp* 5* I* r* Sp 5 r C 'i 3 0. u$da' latum 5 '  % Tetrasporales h^' '[ Llatatethrix sp. 5 d~d - Clochtjstissp. 50 5 5 5p I C' I2l N h'_a e ror ys t i .s s p , 5 g ;- N f. -y' Unidentified Tetrasporales Trentephanlisles 5 ' Q.z M Un i den t i f ied T.'en t e;, ton l in eae I EA y Ulctrichiles Nj V - Cy l i n d roc ap_s a 9 7_i_t e l_1_a 5 C.orn n ell a M s_rni_idTum sp. SP* f Microspora sp. 5 UTothrix sp. s* r N* f S f 5* EP I* Sp f '" ~ 5 U. ~t7rfrrin_ u U. ver ruc o sa 5 D. zh'n a t a $* 5* Sp* I IJ ronifa' s p . 'O 5 Unidenti f ied Ulc t ric haeles ',* Sp S* 5p Volvncales Chlevdomonas sp. I 5 0 Spe rr fa t o'z oop i s s p 5 F O_ t o. idAnii f ied 'Vol vec il es S f Sp S T I 5 O lyyenatales 3 Closterium v Sp O SE C'.~ nonlTi ferum 5 O Cos6arium'sp. Sp f 5 5 5 g hesmidium sp 5 0 fuastrum sp. 5 Q t1ouyct ip sp. S Sp* 5 r Sp* S* f s r* Sp* s p. r ;p r - fleurataenium sp. tr* O Wiro'6rs io. O S S* Sp 5 Staurastrum sp. 5 ' ~ 5 UnidFot'ified Desmidiaceae 5 & Unidentified Zyqnesitales " { Unidentified Chierophyta Ep 5 f Sp* 5 Sp S* 5* Sp 3-O 3 579195 9 9 9 Table 2.1-5 (Contd) Year 2 (1975) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) Tann Year 5 (197?) LJ6e Michigan Pcnds Lake Micnigan Ponds La b e "ic h t :an fonds Lsse "tchigan Pcros Euglenophyt. Unidertified Eu1 1eracete 5p T ra c hel cme > , s p . O f'."d. so. 5 5 3 Xanthcphyta Heterotrichales Unidentif f ri Tritionenataceae 5 Chrysophyta Chrysomonadales ggw Chrysococcus si. 5 tt V' D IIUSAV IP SP 5P 0'1 n trypnsp. 7 r, Ci

b. divernons ~ 7 ,' 7 w;;

L s{ritju]alr[ia 5 ,,__ fpipyx is ut riculus f -- - Unieehtifief th7yiononadales Sp 5p f* 5p - QM Un ident i f ied Rh izoc hrys ida les I I - - - - SP LM iden t ified Chrysophyt 3 Unidentified CFromulinales Sp 5p --MY Unidentified Chrysocapsales ,J N Bacillariophyta SP '~ -- Centrales h Actinoc yclus ncminii ~;~;' l/ .

v. CssTnisn siui laHrst ri s N Iri5fis~cui s'p.

CfcIn t elli~s p. 5 5 4 SP = -w'O -- f Sp 5 f Sp 5p atonus F 5 F 5p 5 f So f SP I _l Q 5 F ' m C. U5 fin ic a " C. crwrens is f* 5 F ,' " C. c orta C. nTimra ta f SP " I J l';g C.futzingiaru 5 5 SP '

• D F 5 Sp 5 F C.meneg}ita hinsana  ; F Sp* 5 f .

C . oM l ~ - - - a ) f s ' e 7 ( ,q 5 r s i " L C.jiirFusilla 5 5 ' 5 C. * " O C . [ pros t ra t a 5 ~~ g 5p *G - NC.s[s[euEestellicera tellinera ' r 3 Q C. st'rIa~t1 ~~ SP 0 Mol6sira~sp. 5 F F* ri,amhTjua SP 5 5 5 Sp 5 5 F O 5 N ft. EiiUera na 5 3 - 5 O Q H. cranul~ati biionetssp. f 5 Sp 5 2 fi.~p~sm i th'i 1 5 5 5 i thEmIf sp. f 8" ' 5 8 CL cl22". functiTsp

f. curvati Sp 5 f Sp* 5 F Sp 5* f 5 Sp 5* f* I SP 5- l 7

S SP 5 r Sp 5 7 L. diiMon 5p 5 F Sp 5 F O 5 0-3 Table 2.1-5 (Contd) o L*l Year 2 (1975) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) fear 5 (197E) Taxa labe Michigan Ponds Lake Michigan Ponds Lake Michigan Ponds Lake Wchigan Fords ( ~C,c~ Bacillariophyta (Contd) Centrales (Contd) CD Epithmia diadon 5 g rd P.lelaas t exioug 5 5 5p 5 ,d f_. VaITax 5 C Rj f. TTeTEsa 5 Sp Sp Sp F 5 F

f. 5

(. Ee M i v. eun cephila .3 f, Sra_cIlls hex @ g his_ F 5 5 F E. incisa 5 Sp 5p 5 g, O '!,)l . E. EG6r

f. naegelti Sp 5 F F 5 F 6 -C/ -

F. [ecliniTis 5 5* F 5 F S F F* 5p F 5  !"4173 ,_ f. f . praerppta_ rhnmboides 5 Sp "

• F (e

akt J 16 E. septentrior.al is I. EenelTa 5 5 Sp 5 C O!'ij I- EiT{E Sp g pM, f. vanneurkii 5 5 5 5 F Fr Sp* 5 F 5p* 5 5p 5 50 5 F* Sp 5 kg JiuYa1 F _agjlirii'sp. t>rev i s t -ia t a F F Sp* 5* F* 5p 5 F 5 F 5* W u I. capucina Sp 5 Sp 5p 5 5 So Sp Sp 5 F jyh I.c]apucina v. rnesolepta 5 Sp 5p 5 F F v- T. constricta 5 E5W T. const ruers 5 F 5p 50 5 Sp F Sp $ T. crotonensis Sp 5 F Sp 5 F* Sp 5 F Sp 5 F* Sp 5 F* Sp* 5 F* Sp* 5 F 5p 5 F f . inInu t is sTda Sp T . p~in~n a tF - Sp 5 F Sp F 5p 5 5p 5 Sp 5 F. vascForiae Sp* 5* F* 5 F* Sp* 5* F* Sp* $* F Sp* 5* F* Sp* 5 F* Sp* 5* F* Sp 5 F Frustul ia sp. 5 5 U Fh&Icides v. crassinorica ~ - ~ 5 T. rhhrh~o ides v'. s'a n'rnic a ~~ ~ 5 F. rhmtoides Sp F 5* F 5p 5 F* 5 F Sp 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5* F Sp 5* Sp* 5 5p 5* F* Sp 5 C(cephonmasp. . ac ur-ir a t um 5p F F Sp* 5 F O 5 Sp 5 Sp 5 F 5 Sp F C. acuminotum v. coronatum Sp 5p 5 S C. afhne F 5;* O C. ancustatum Sp 5 3 5 Sp 5 Sp 5 F* (p* F 5p 5;* F C. c~oIIs~tFic t um F Sp 5 F 0 C. h7aciTe 5 0 C. Ins'tahilis ~~ 5 F Sp F Sp 9 C. IFtFicatum F 5p 5 Sp C C. linsolatUm 5 F 5 2 C. Tonniceps 5 F 5 F 5p 5 F 5p = C.lin3IFepsv. s ubc la v a t a ~^ 5 F G. m g C. ynt_a}njd~~ . ciliv ac ea t de s 5 5 C. oTlvaceum Sr. 5 F F Sp 5 F 5p 5 sp* 5 F 5p Sp 5 F F M C.piRJ2TuW Sp 5 So 5 5 5 5 F 5 Sp 5 F Sp 5 F 4 W O 3 . ' 1 "l 6 9 9 9 9 Table 2.1-5 (Contd) k$ 1 Yese 2 (1475)

• ear 3 (1975) tear 4 (Isel) Year 5 (li7a; g Tava la6e Mic higan Freds La be Michi;an PcN s Lake Micht:an F or d s Labe Michi;39 Per n

~#'. Eacillaric; *.ta (Contd) d'- ', CP"t"8Ie5 (C'rtd) G' 'aw;h

c. . s e;:yntsle cissatr c;

0-

• C. t.r_arcat_r 5

p. __

( rrurai s tec , n i a f 5 (*vresm'u sp. 5 f F 5 -' r, . scieterse 5 5 [F Menijfor sp'. 5 5 F t M. cycylare 5p 5 r Na y 1_c u]p. s p . 5p 5 Sp Sp Sc 5 F Sp 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 F N. eccecrda 5 T 5p 5 F 5;; 5 F 5 F 5 5 F 5' k. M1'i a w~ N. t'iiilTin 5; N. ca3 Rata 5p (s J ' N. Fe~pl t a  % . c o s t al.ta ata v . cpp_i t a ta Ep 50 50 5 5 F 5  % F 5 f C N. c r;vp tiej _h.a l a r $p 5p p 7^ s F 5p 5 r N cryptocej u Ta v. sacets 5 5 5 Sr r "~ N. caspidata I N. distro 9 fca Sr Sp 5 F g "y M *~ N. ehiTne'n' sis 5 D s y *'O p N .N.eiT{Iandica c:9 t 1 J -' 5 5 F 5 5 f h; ' 5 Y3B Yoides F N. falf_ j'hilf' T Sp 5 f 5: F 5 N. ha-tergii 5 5 N. ~~heuf141' f Sp F 5p 5p N ie ts 'i ~ 5 N. Ife~vIisima 5 5; 5 N. 1~aWcFaro t i sp N. latens ' ~ 5 N. Flo~rensis 5 N. irac ulaTa' ~ 5 N. mTn isiulas ~ 5 N . f_i riu_tia G $ . m t. p a. F o-N. noncu!a Sp F N. ectha Sp 3 N. eig_Qa t_a 5 5 a N. detr.tcra f Q N. p seudo re i_r.h_a r;j i f_, 5 F F N. punc tula ta. f g $. p;fala -- 5 5 r r Sp ., N. rad wsa Sp 5 r 5 5p 5 r < 5 r 5 r 5 r 5p 5 5 Se 5 r N. ra & Ta v. ternalla 5 5 5 r r r X 0 e O N. A v~ric'oce3 n aT a N. salin*rtum 5 5 -}. N. spEfis 5 I * ~sul n_a_mu? _52 5* g 4 ") N. - t. r .N ~ i pu% t a._t a_ . lata Sp 5 5 .M F F 5 Sp 5 F *.se tit s , Table 2.1-5 (Contd) o Year 2 (1975) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) Year 5 (1978) Taxa Lake f*icMgan Fonds La6e MicMgan Fonds take "ichigan F:md s Lake "ichigan Fords Bacillaricchyta (Ccrtd) Cer,trales (Cor td) m.p ~ Nivicula viri N1a 5 5 sf Neidism sp. Sp 5* [3/  % N. affino F 50 5 F F 5 $,, N.a}E2atur 5* m N. dubium 5 '4 lFilI's F 5 5 5 F 2 N. boz E ii 5 ,4 ' i tic ~hTa' sp. ~ Sp 5* F Sp 5 f So 5 F 5p 5 F* 5p 5* F Sp 5 F 5p 5 F Sp 5 F 5 '[,* ,[ N. acicularis Sp 5 5p 5p 5p F Sp F F N. acuta 5 F  % 'd ' N. affinis 5p 5p N. a?[hTtj a Sr F 5 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5 5 F N. a=p_nig g_s 5 h_  % 3 N. a n c ul a r i e, $p Q -J N. avaustata Sp 5 F Sp 5 F .f -' Q ~ N. EaTa onis, N.diss[idua F $p O ' h' N. dissinata Sp* S F F 5p* 5 F 5p 5 Sp 5 F 5p 5 F 5 F g 3 N. Tilt G M is 5p r, , , N. f on t ic oTa 5 F F 5p 5 F Sp 5 5p 5 F 5p F *--- ~, N. f rus t ul um 5 F 5p p(d f;} 5 5p F . N . cep_cj lj 's-' Sp F Sp 5p 5p 5 C ri Q N- b_a_n_t_2_s c_h i a N. inacrata F 5 3 fi. litzTnalana Sp 5 F Sp 5p 5p 5 (a[ a F F 5 5p 5 F h lan.cen}a_ta  %,, N.lyearis F 5 F 5p 5 F 5 h N . m 1 c roc ej~b a l a 5 CE ~ -~ N. cc'tusi ~ F F" &m ' N. [aTea 5 F* 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5p 5 F 5* F* Sp 5 F* Sp 5 F F d N. pa l a c e_a e F 5 N. recta F 5 F N. hrMa Sp F F g N. sc~ alaris F 0 N. si r 5p 5 5p E

h. sivoidea 5 5 F th3rslis

~ N. 5 F 5 N- F 0 Oner.t[ybl_i@e_1_1 < g _hrra cartn Sp F Sp 5 Pirnalaria sp. Sp 5 5 5 Sp x F F . a p iuTe~n s i s 5 F F $ P.aliokhaeria 5 F _ P.a-[elficulita fp F o T. b[ueps 5 g P. tmrealis F 5 F e P. trTEIT~ & 5 F a P. Erfirastata P. centT11s p 5 5 C 4 P_. Tequ _e n F o 3 O O s 6 g %f nas r 4 % C.' 4 , Table 2.1-5 (Contd) - O b xv _ [(y - Year 2 (1975) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977) vear 5 (IC) CL iana Lake Michigan pcnds Lake Michican pcnds Labe Michigan pords Lake Michican Pands Cacillariethyta (Contd) p , Centrales (Contd) C Finpu_la Qa g y r 5 - P. ma ior v. 4 5 E. eriEros ron tau'oulc he' C f. rno insa 5 5 F 5 y P.c]lc}ura 5 P. streptnrarhe ^ 5 [ P. s~uN a3i t [t'a~ 5

p. s'uh s't n'iut o hnra

~- ~ 5 F 5p 5 F d' p~. r , WM ic a j ~ - ~ ~ F F 5 b ~,' P. i f~r i f is' ~ 5 F 50 5p 5 5 Dl a isFt rcF is C - kbnicris~rG nia curvata 5, 5* F* 5 F 5p 5* F* 5 F 5p 5* F 5p 5 5p 5p 5 F* 5 F L>c; A ., fA]lodusp.k!In r hqa Si?^ 5 50 5 I 5 I Staurnheil sp. 5 5p 5 S 5p 'Q c ] 5. a r( ef s. 5 fluminea F # 5 F ^ F

5. .hh nocenteron $p 5 5 I

$. ~riec'eri'- ~ ~ Sp N S u r i'ril i a~ ~s p . 5p I 5 Sp 5 F

5. au%stata

$ 5. nvita ~ %vnedri se. ~ Sn 5 F 5 F 5 5 5 F 5 Sp 5 F 5p 5 Sp* 5 F* Sp F* 5p *- 57 acui 5 5 F* 5 5p 5 F T F 5p $. iih_ic ep ha la F 5p 5 Sp 5

5. croitata T F

$. ca F 5p $. cyclojibmhc'lFa Sp 5 5p 5

5. del icit is! u 5 5 5

5. faic ic ul a t h F 5p 5 Sp

$ . Ia s'cTc ulit a v . t a t ul a t a 5

5. f/sc icula ta v. t'rIldit i

~ 5

5. {iTllon ii

5. incisa I Sp W s. pirisit ica Sp E M 5-

5. raduns NIC)PEi' 5 f 5

g 3 g , $ . ~r~urpen_s 5 Sp 5p f* Sp* 5 Sp* F Sp Sp 5 Sp O d 5. tenera 5 5 Sp 5 Sp Sp 0 g Q $ fi TIforris $ nedra uTni 5 5 Sp ~ Sp Sp 5 F* 5 Sp g 5 eletonema sp. 5 F Sp 5 F ( ;.- 5 F I C Ta TTirTa sp. 5 5 5 5 5p 5 Sp 5 F T ~~ fine'sira F F 5p 5 5p* O 5 5p 5 T Sp 5 F 5p T. fl~o'c'cuTosa Sp 5 F 5p* 5 F* 5 5 0 5 F Sp* 5* F 5p $* T Sp* 5 F 5p 5 F * # linifentifIKf Achnanthales 5 , 5 F Lnidentified Epithemisles 5 CL Unidentified Fragilariales 5 5 Sp Sp 5 5p 5 T Sp 5 F* { Unidentified Naviculales Sp 5 F 5p 5 f 5p 5 T Sp 5 F 9 l'n identified F'erniies Sp 5 F* Sp* 5 F* Sp* 5 F 5p 5* 5p 5 F F F Sp F* F f 0-3 o Table 2.1-5 (Contd) Year 2 (1975) Year 3 (1976) Year 4 (1977; year 5 (1972) Tama Lake Michigan For ds Lake ftichigan Fords Lake Michigan Fees Lake Michigan Icr as Cryptcphyta Cry;tomndales Crvrtemras 5, 5 kretconas sr F 5p 5 F 5 F F E rinuta 5 Sp lni e tified Cry;torendales 5 F "yrrcphyta Unidentified Peridinales 5p Ceraticm hirun1irella F 7erTitnium sp. 5 T. Inconsric a Sp FFodochyta Eaagicchyceae ha Ean11 ales 5 I U1 tviideTtifydAlgae Sp 5 F F O Cvirant ta xa. 5p = Ar.ril 5 = Lre and/ e Augast F = '.a m*er 4 *C e bIC a um I L1 E:: mi2 =d G2.j)1 . 5 0 a N enn, 5 a  %=-j e a FA rew >-~Q ).s

7. . *-

E K/C p g ;-.~. 4h c:J O $- cra em tu m L 2% 9 ti c C - g g O (6) While a few taxa have been reported for the first time in 1978, the dominant taxa reported in Lake Michigan and the nearshore ponds have retained a stable annual repetition of occurrence. The diatom taxa which dominated the pond periphyton during spring 1978 were eurytrophic species. 2.1.3.5 periphyton Chlorophyll a. Figure 2.1-16 shows that periphyton chlorophyll a values in Lake Michigan were higher than in past years during the spring, but reached an August peak lower than in past years. Periphyton bio-volume during the same months roughly corresponded with Lake Michigan chloro-phyll a values; pond chlorophyll a values were again lowest in August, as was pond periphyton biovoluce. Chlorophyll a values were higher in April and Novem-ber in the ponds, but did not correspond with biovolume changes. The pond chloro-phyll a levels continue to show an early spring periphyton growth pulse. The low summer pond chlorophyll a concentrations reflect their distrophic status during this season. 2.1.3.6 Periphyton Statistical Analysis. Owing to the heterogeneity of sam-pling techniques (natural and artificial substrates) necessitated by existing conditions during the sampling year, statistical comparisons between data cells were deemed invalid. Qualitative comparisons involving relative abundance and dominant taxa were discussed previously. Comparisons have also been made using a similarity index (Odum 1971), which is calculated as follows: 2C A+B where S = Similarity index A = Number of species in sample A B = Number of species in sample B C = Nunber of species common to both samples The limits of the similarity index are 0 and 1, where 0 indicates complete dis-similarity and 1 equals equivalence. The following comparisons were made: m saca 2-51 science services division 15 ^ 14 - o h PONDS 13 - 12 - 11 C b 10 - A J g 9 - D M kg 8 - M 7 - y el ~ a $ 5 - i u 4 - 3 - m o Ea y 2 - p 3 a - O g @ '} V- ., m .' j b -) N b .' _ - m l C O APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV 8 1..)) I 1976 1977 1978 a Q 5 Figure 2.1-16. Periphyton Chlorophyll a Concentrations (pg/cm )2 Recorded from Lake Michigan and Interdunal Pond Stations, 1976-1978 3 O O O O Lake Michigan 1977 vs 1978 0.657 Ponds 1977 vs 1978 0.626 Lake Michigan versus Ponds 1978 0.638 A functional dividing line between similarity and dissimilarity has been set at 0.7 in past analyses. On this basis, Lake Michigan periphyton composition was marginally dissimilar between 1977 and 1978. Pond periphyton composition was dissimilar between 1977 and 1978. The periphyton flora of Lake Michigan and the ponds were also dissimilar during 1978. The hypothetical dividing line between similarity and dissimilarity is 0.50; however, the dissimilarity of the peri-phyton community composition was determined by the arbitrary dividing line set at 0.7. 5?92c4 2-53 science services division O 2.2 ZOOPLANKTON O 2.

2.1 INTRODUCTION

. The present survey represents the fifth year of baseline data accumulation designed to determine and document existing ecologi-cal conditions at the site and immediate vicinity at the Bailly Generating Sta-tion in order to assess any possible alterations in the zooplankton community. As early as the late 1800s, information describing this component of the Lake Michigan ecosystem was being compiled. In recent years, the quantity and qual-ity of this work has increased. Since 1966, synoptic sampling in Lake Michigan has intensified, producing much information on zooplankton distribution and abundance (Robertson 1966; Beeton 1970; Roth and Stewart 1973; Watson 1974; Beeton, Torke, Brooks, and Bowers 1975; Gannon 1974; and Evans and Stewart 1977). Much additional information describing zooplankton population dynamics and regulatory mechanisms af fecting community structure in Lake Michigan has also been published (McNaught 1966, Norden 1968, Wells 1970, Patalas 1972, and Gannon 1972). The following subsections present data describing seasonal and annual fluctua-tions in zooplankton abundance, percent composition, and species occurrence. Spatial distribution is also described for zooplankten at ten Lake Michigan stations (1-10) and five stations (17-21) located in nearshore, interdunal ponds (Pond B, Pond C and Cowles Bog). 2.2.2 METHODOLOGY. Zooplankton were sampled regularly once during April, June, August, and November 1978 at each of ten lake stations and at each of five stations in three ponds (Table 2.0-1). Lake samples were collected by the ver-tical haul of a No. 25 mesh, 0.5-meter-diameter plankton net (Texas Instruments 1975), and pond samples were collected with a 6-liter Van Dorn sampler. During 1978, a total of 240 zooplankton samples were collected. CD (Q 07 All samples were processed as previously described (Texas Instruments 1975). p% In sum, four replicate samples per station were transferred f rom the net or the U Van Dorn bottle to 1-liter polyethylene bottles, narcotized with a Lugol's rose bengal dye solution, and subsequently fixed with buffered formalin. A minimum of 200 organisms (EPA 1973) was enumerated as representative of the g sample. If 200 organisms were encountered midway through analysis of a subsample, 2-54 science services division

O the remaining subsample was completed. If zooplankton in a sample were sparse, the entire sample was analyzed. Reference keys and pertinent literature used in establishing field and labora-tory procedures and taxa identifications included Wilson (1932), Pennak (1953,1963, 1978), Usinger (1956), Edmondson (1959), Brooks (1957), and UNESCO (1968). Statistical analyses were performed on zooplankton data according to the metho-dology presented in subsection 2.1.3.3. 2.2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2.2.3.1 Introduction. The data presented and discussed in this report rep-resent parameters chosen to characterize the zooplankton community in the vicin-ity of the Bailly study area of Lake Michigan from April 1978 to November 1978 A checklist of zooplankton occurrences seasonally during 1978 and annually from 1974 through 1978, as well as figurative and tabular data characterizing seas-onal variations in the relative numerical abundance of zooplankton, appears in Tables 2.2-1 through 2.2-4 and Figures 2.2-1 through 2.2-8. 2.2.3.2 Zooplankton occurrence. Through the three seasons (spring, April; summer, June and August; and fall, November) of 1978, 50 taxa were identified from Lake Michigan and 69 from the interdunal ponds (Table 2.2-1). Previous years (1974-1977) yielded 69, 55, 49, and 44 taxa, respectively, for Lake Michi-gan stations (Table 2.2-2). The interdunal ponds (Pond B, Pond C, and Cowles Bog) yielded 96, 93, 87, and 57 taxa, respectively for years 1974 through 1977 (Table 2.2-2). During 1978, the most temporally and spatially ubiquitous organ-isms were the bosminid cladocerans and immature (copepodid) copepods. Other taxa occurring regularly throughout 1978 were Chydous sp., several species of Diapto-mus, Daphnia galeata mendotae, and Cyclops bicuspidatus rhomasi at the lake sta-tions and Nematoda, Chydorus sp., Cyclops vernalis, harpacticoid copepods, and ostracods in the ponds. As in previous years, basic habitat differences between lake and pond stations were manifest in the respective community structures. Certain littoral species of Macrothicidae cladocerans were strictly limited to the shallow, enclosed habitats of the pond stations. Also more prevalent in the weedy, shallower, pond habitats were the various chydorid cladocerans. The large linnetic copepod Limnocalanus macrurus was again most prevalent in the deeper, more open waters charocteristic of the lake stations. 5792C6 2-55 science nervices division

e sww

    %T                                                                     Table 2.2-1 ai                                                                                                                                               o C T                                  Zooplankton Occurrence in Lake Michigan and Interdunal Ponds during 1978 Ch         NET ( LAKE ) 3 E.0TTLE ( PCND )

py LAKE (1,0) FCtOS ( 3.4.5 )

    .T. -                                            SFR     SUM       FAL                                                 SFR   SUM     FAL C?K        LS TAXA                                  12345   12345     10345         LS TAXA                               10345 10345   10345 pg          0 CitID ARI A (TOTAL)                                                    1    CH1001IDAE (LPIL)                                 345 O     H)DROZOA                                                           0    CAPHNIDAE 19         HYOPA ( LPIL)                 1 34      34         3           1       CAPMNIA ANSICUA              1     123 h-&)

ed 1 HYCRA ( LPIL) O net!ATCCA (TOTAL) 34 1 1 C AFSNI A G ALEATA t'E?COTAE DAPHNIA RETRCCU1VA 10 10 10345 10345 103 hw 1 NEMATCDA (LPIL) 12345 12345 12345 1 DAPUNIA FULEX 0 1 [*;r;g 0 O LICCCH AETA (TOTAL) 1 OAFHNIA PARVJLA 1 0 t4AIDIDAE 6 DAPHNI A ( LPIL) 12 10 1

   #4        1         CHAETOSASTER (LPIL)           1 4       34         34          1       DAFhMIA (LPIL)               1     1       13 1      NAIDICAE (LPIL)                  12 4    10345     12 45          1       SIMOCCPHALUS VETULUS                           35
@%.          0      TUDIFICIDAE                                                       1       sit:0CCP3ALUS SERPULATUS                        4 pf*"":1      1      TLGIFICIDAI ( LPIL)                    5                          1       sit % CEfr8 ALUS ( LPIL)         4     345     34 U            0 GASTRCTCD A (TOTAL)                                                    1       CER1JD APMIA ( LPIL)             4 12345       345 bJ     2 GASTROPCDA (LPIL)                         4       4                    0    HOLOTEC'OAE
      &      0 61VALVIA (TOTAL 1                                                      1       HOLCPLO UM OIOCERUM                12        0 cn     2 CIVALVI A ( LPIL )                    1 4                      5       0    LEPTCD0?ID,-

0 APACHNIDA (TOTAL) 1 LEP TC00R A 'INDTII 1234 0 PRCSTIGMATA 2 LEPTC20'A h M TII 1 1 HYDRACARINA ( LPIL) 1 4 0 t1ACF OTh2ICIO AE 19 hic 7 ACARINA ( LPIL) 24 345 1 ILYCC9YPTUS !O;1IDUS 34 4 0 CLADCCERA (TOTAL) 1 ILYCRYPTU3 SPINIFER 4 0 EOSMINICAE 1 ILYC;P(PTUS ( LPIL) 1 1 E03%N!3AE ( LPIL) 10345 10345 10345 1 titCROTHRIX ROSE A 4 0 CHYCCRID,*E 1 CLNCPS SERRICAUDATA 4 1 ALCNA RECTANGULA 4 1 345 345 0 SIDIDAE 1 ALCNA AFFINIS 1 34 5 1 SIDA CRfSTALLINA 3 1 g 1 ALCNA CUADRANGULARIS 4 35 35 1 CIAPHANOECMA (LPIL) 4 1 34 2 o 1 ALONA INTERi;EDIA 1 4 3 0 CSTRACCDA (TOTAL) { 1 ALCNA GUTTATA 35 19 OSTRACCDA (LPIL) 1 345 345 345 3 1 ALCNA ( LPIL) 1 1 4 345 0 COPEPC?A (TOTtL) O 1 CtMPTCCERCUS RECTIROSTRIS 4 34 4 0 CAL At:0ID A (TOTAL) 8 1 CH)C07US ( LPIL) 1234 12345 12345 1 OIAPTot'US C7EGCNENSIS 12 1034 W 1 KU7ZIA LATISSIMA 4 45 4 1 DIAPTCMUS ASHLit:31 12 4 12 123 0 1 Elm CERCUS LAMELLATUS 1 1 12 1 DIAPTCMUS PALLICUS 34

         <   1         ALCNELLA ( LPIL)                  4                            1       DIAPTCMUS SICILIS            12    12      10 E   1         GRAPTOLEDERIS TESTUDINARIA        45     3 '+        4         1       DIAPTCNUS t:INUTUS           10    10      103 0   1         LE)DIGIA QUADRAN:Ut\RIS                    4    12             1       EU'YTE;:02A AFFINIS                13      10
         #   1         OXYURELLA TEN'JICAU3IS                        5        5       1       LIM"00ALANUS r1ACRU?US       10    103     1 CL  1         PLEUROXUS DENTICULATUS           34     345        345         1       EPIECd'.,7 A LACUSTRIS             12      10 7   1         PLEL'ROVUS FROCURVUS              4     345                   14    CALAN 3ICA ( LPIL 3             1234  12345   1034 4                       CYCLCPUIDA (TOTAL) 5    6      CHYDORID AE ( LPIL )                                             0 g                                                                            1       CYCLCPS BICUSPIDATUS THOMASI 12 4  10345   1034 579207 O                                                                O                                                           O

O "e] Table 2.2-1 (Contd) o @M)@ h,s C NET ILAKE) & BOTTLE ( FCtO ) LAKE (1,2) PCtOS ( 3,4,5 ) SFR SUM FAL I LS TAXA 12345 12345 12345 I l 1 CYCLOPS VARICANS RUEELLUS 4 j 1 CYCLOPS VERNALIS 1 34 12345 12345 4, n/ 1 CYCLCPS ( LPIL) 3 r 3 1 EUC)Clors ASILIS 35 2345 345 1 EUCYCLOPS FRICNDPHCRUS 1 g j 1 EUCYCLCPS SPERATUS 1 345 345 I' d 1 MACR 001 clops ALBICUS 5 345 1 345 1 MESCCTCLOPS EDAX 1 4 3 1 $$h]# M 1 ME00 CYCLOPS LEUKARTI 45 1 FARACYCloPS FIM3RIATUS PCPPEI 1 5 1 TP0FCCiCloTS FRASINUS MEXICANA 12 12 5 14 CYCLOPOIDA ( LPIL) 12345 12345 12345 w 1 CYCleP310A (LPil) 1 1 8 0 HAPPACTICoIDA (TOTAL) d 14 H APFACTICoIDA ( LPIL) 12 45 12345 12 5 12 45 5 345 legend: 1 H/IPACTICoID A (LPIL) 0 ANTHIPCDA (TOTA L ) LS = life stage O GAMMARIDAE (TOTAL) 1 G AM.i> PlD AE ( LPIL ) 1 5 0 = Summary level 0 HAUSTonIIDAE 1 = Adult 1 PCNTCTCPEIA AFFINIS 1 2 - Larva 0 HYALCLLIDtE 6 = Immature 1 HfALELLA AZTECA 5 13 = Nymph 0 CRUSTACE A LARVAE (TOTAL) 14 = Copepodid 0 EPHEMEPCPTERA ( TOTAL) 19 = Undetermined 3 0 BAETICAE . O 13 CAETIDAE ( LPIL) 4 3 20 = Mixed e 0 CAENICAE 3 13 CAEnIctE (trIL) 4 34 Spring = April sanpling O 13 EPHEMEROPTER A ( LPIL) 34 Summer = June and August sampling 7T 0 ocenATA (TOTAL) Fall = November sampling Wi 0 CoEH AGRIC'4ID

                                .-  AE adM l = baMeM WWM 14 ad M
  'n'
  '01 h     0 OIP ER 0

t OC P CnIPc::CnIDAE AL) Location 2 = Far-field stations 7-9 location 3 = Pond B 2 CHIPCMCMIDt.E ( LPIL) 1234 1 345 1 345

  @            2 DIPTERA h"_9ATCCERA (LPIL)                        4       5    Location 4 = Pond C a           0 (ARDIGRADA (TOTAL)                                             location 5 = Cowles Bog l TARDIGRADA ( LPJL 3                 1         2

{ o 3

O Table 2a2-2 g Annual Occurrence of Zooplankton in Lake Michigan and Nearshore Ponds from 1974 through 1976, NIP 5Co Bailly Study Area 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 use une u6e 3 une use M ic higan ' Fondo # Michigan 3 Fond o Michigan Fond e Mic higen! Fond s Mi c hi gan Fonde (ne lent e r a re Hydroso , S S Sp Sp S Sp $ F W Sp 5 Sp S F Sp F Sp F SP Sp S T

    ' H,wd r a oo ,

H,vdre amer t e ana S Rot e t t s ia Sp 31valvia Sphaer t ue sp. S Flatsar idae Sp Nees t uda Sp 5 F W Sp 8 F Sp b F Sp 5 Sp* 5 F Sp 5 F Sp 5 F Sp* 5 F Sp S F Ec t op r oc t a ( S t a t ob la s t ) Sp W Annelida Sp Sp S haldidea Naididae (unidentit led) Sp S W Sp $ Sp 5 F Sp S Sp $ F Sr S F Sp S F [ hee.t ogast er op.

                       ~ ~ ~

F W Sp Sp $ SP Sp S F f obis ic id ae Sp Sp Crustacea (unidentified) SP Clador et a (unident if ied ) $ F S F Sp 5 Sp S Soemialdae Bo em i n id a e (un id en t i f i ed ) W Sp $ # Sp S F Sp* 5* F

• Sp* S* F* Sp S* F Sp S* F Sp S
• F* Sp S* F Fubose t na sp.

             ~

F F "RIIse t na' l ongt r os t r i s Sp 5 F S F W $ B. sp. W Chydor tJae Chydoridae (unident if sed) F F S F S F Acroyerus haryse~~ - 5 S S T h 17na 's f f' t n s a S F S F W Sp S F S Sp S F S Sp S F Sp S P A7cJetarT ~ S F S F W Sp S Sp $ F S So S F S S A. [tista F F S F S F S F F

k. [raedraNgalar te

                   ~

S F SP S F A. ret tin't.1 FW $ F S Sp 5 F* $ Sp 5 F S Sp 5 F* A. in t e r med ia I Sp Sp S A. sp. $ F $ F W Sp S F Sp S F Sp S Sp S F Sp S Sp S S F Alonella sp. 5 Sp camptm:erc us rec t irostris S F Sp S Sp S F Sp S F S S F Sp S F Cbydorue sp_naer t us S S W Sp [. op. 5 F S F Sp S F Sp S F Sp 5 Sp* 58 F* Sp 5 F Spa $* F* Sp S F S p* $

• F*

Fury _r e t r u e l ame l l a.t_u e $p 5 F S F Sp S S F Sp 5 Sp S F E'._*fiel eh r t_s t es_t ud inar ia S S F S F Sp S F Kur s ia lat t es ima S S S F S F Sp S F Lert_lgi a guad r gnra la r i s W 5 S F F S onyur ella t enu tc aud t o S S T Fleuromus dent iculatus S S F W Sp 5 F Sp 5 F Sp 5 F Sp S T F. p r oc u rvu e S F S S S Sp S Daphnidae Cer tmtephnia pulc hella S F S F S C. Tudrangula F S C. ret tr ulata F S C sp. F F Sp 5 S* S S $ $ F S Sp S* F Daih_n t.a sp. Sp $ F S F W Sp $ F Sp S F Sp S T Sp . Sp Sp S F F D. amb t;2a F F Sp F Sp $ F $ S Sp S S D. g.a l ea t a_ Sp 5 W S S D. ga lea t e mendot a, F F Sp S F Sp S F F S F Sp S F F D. l angt r_eele Sp S T S F S De f a r vu [a Sp S Sp D. pules S S F D. r e t r N.urya Sp S F S F W Sp 5 F Sp S F Sp S F* S F S F S S*F S F D. sc hoo ler i Sp Molna br as h let a $ M. ap. g Moinodghpig plent] 3

      % arntit .- r i s sp .                     S       S

5. aay J S S

5. air *= S hj?:C3falu e e,up t_no_ey s k S F Sp S. s_ey r u l_s ty a F S F S Sp S F S F Sp S F S. v_.e t y ly e W Sp S F S F F S. op. S F F Sp h F Sp S t e

All Boeminidae f amily nma lumped in Bosetnidae; no genue level distinction made. I h,

                                                                                   -                            &     FM g     @"p*? 99 4y@ Egg                                                             p            saaces NdUldMkgA,                                                                       9 2-58                                 science services division

O Table 2.2-2 (Contd) 1974 1975 I'I' 1977 1978 take 1.s h e 14 h e ta k e la k e Po nd e M 1( h i g an Ponds M ic h igan Pond e Mic hinan Fond s M ii h t g an P,md e wic h t gen L yc l opo l J a Sp Sp S Cyc lopold s opepudiJe S F S F W Sp 5 F Sp 5 F Sp* S*F* Sp* S* F* S' 1  %* F* 'r***F* Sp* S*F* Sp* S* F* L ye lopo ida e 5p t yg _l 'r s h t < 3 ar t d a t_u s bp S F S F W Sp S F Sp S F Sp* S F8 Sp S F 5p* S F 5p F Sp* S* F 5p 5 F 3 bosna =.1 C. es t I t_s F =

t. nearc r in us 5

( , v a r I[a n

• S S

                     ~

r u tie t _l y s C. var 13ans F S Sp C. vem.s t c a f ee Sp C. v e_ r .aj_1. . $p 5 F S W 5p S Sp 5 F 5p S F Sp S F S 5p S F Sp % F Sp S F

t. pp. Sp S F S F W Sp sp S S F Fc r ot yg l_q g y t.i_l e t i t_9 s y tu fl or a att l_1 s S W F S F 5p %p S F S 7 5 Sp 5 F dp S S F S F S  % F

         ". p r t op yr.phy.2 5                                         S         W                                                                   S P. . spe r a tj.e  .

S W Sp S F S F S S S F E. op. W S

         %_ r m yy j < ps sp.                                                                          Sp M. 41tt b_s                                        S        5         =                    Sp S F                           % F                           S F                 F      Sp 5 F M. d 1,n t_ i n_ttj e                                                 W Me y yc in e n                                                                                     S P. ed_4 s                                          S F      S F                            5p S                                                           S      Sp           F      5p 5 5p S                                                                5
         % l.eu h a r I i                                                                                   S or t hocy .1 g s not e s ty.                                                                  Sp                               S                             S Pa r a c vi l g.s f l er t a t_u g                                       W                    5p       F                       S                                                 T                F P If'.1 Trep3w__y 1qq sp.                                                        W                                                                                   S T. prasino*                                              F     5 F W         5p S F                S F     Sp S       F*  Sp S F

_T . py.a s t n-

• me a t 4 _a n..a S Sp S F S F S F F Har pac t i c o ida 5p S S F W 5p 5 F Sp 5 F Sp S Sp* S F Sp S F Sp* 5 F Sp 5 Sp* 5 F ost ra c od a F S F W sp S Sp 5 F sp 5 Sp* S* F S F Sp S*F Ep Sp* 5 F De( a poda S Am p h i pod a S t,amm4r id a e Sp sp 'p F f.a n it uy sp. 5 S Ta ll t r 1Jae Hya j le la a r t e ,4 W Sp S S haus L ot idae Fan t egr e ta a f f ly 1_s Sp Sp

   ! aopod a                                                                                           Sp Ame 111J ee Ap e l l u s sp.                                                         W Arac hn ida 5t vd r a er ina sp.                          Sp F            s          6   Sp               Sp 5 F       Sp S           Sp 5               5               S       Sp S                Sp Insec t a                                                           S                               Sp f rheme re p t e r a Ep hemer o p t e r a (n ymph )                                       S F                             Sp S F                           S                             S                                 S Ra e t id a e                                                    S F                                                              S                             S                           SP S Csenidae                                                                    W                                                     S F                     5p S F                            Sp 5 (sente sp.                                                                                                                Sp S Heal pi ct a                                                                                              S Co r i n 1J a e ( n ymp h )                                                                                                       S                             S Dipt er a                                                            S                               Sp S                        Sp                                                                   5 I Diptera ( 14 r v ae )                                                       W                         5 F Ch i r o ma id a e                                                                                                                     F Ch i r once l d a e (lar vae )                   Sp S F          S F m          Sp S             Sp S                S       Sp   S*             S         Sp S F        - ' I
                                                                                                                                                                              *0                   4P S I thd ona ta                                                                      W Coenagr Leutdae                                                                                                              Sp                                                             50 Co 11 embe l a                                                                                            e Se> nt hur ida e ( unid en t if i cJ )                                                                                       Sp Tr i c hop t e r a (l a rv ae )                                                                                                       S Homop t e r a (larvae)                                                                                                                S Coleoptera                                                                                                                                 F Ta r d igr as e                                                                            S                      Sp      ,           S                              5      Sp S Gast ropod t                                                                                                                     Sp                                  S                           Fp 5 81=a;via                                                                                                                                                                     Sp                  Sp         F
 *Netnant .ama.
 'So winter samples collected in Lake Michigan.
 'No sp rint samples collei ted in nearsbore ponds during 1974.

Sp

• spr .ng ( April); 5 = su. amer (June , Augus t ); F = f all (Oc tober or November); W = winter (February or March) s*(1/;

a..  %,, .f 3 3.., s 7 s e- t. , [ . 1 i%m. . ., I fi "m @ d Oudf 4 574 10 2-59 science sonices division

O Table 2e2-2 (Contd) 1974 1975 1976 1977 1975 La k e take Lake 1.a m e Lake M !( h i nan ' F and o Mit h igen! Fonde Mic h igan 3 Pond s hi6 hi.aa l P utad e Nichigan P.ind e Holoped idee Hy_lpped l u_e glhberue Sp S F S F W Sp $ F Sp F $ $ SP S F S F le p t odor idae ine n<tr_re k i nde n t Sp 5 F F Sp S S S S S S S Mac rothr 1r ideo Mar t o t hr t c idae (unid en t i f ied ) $ S S Stybim e_r ue seelc_syta r u e Sp 5 EJgsme_ue S

     !_tyo< rypt ue sor d id u e                            5                  S       Sp S F                                  S            S                                               s F I . sp i n i t e.r                                         F                                                                           $                5                              5

1. sc u_t i f ro_n_e $

     !. op.                                                 5                                                                         SP                                         F Mar rot hr i n l et I c ornie                                                           S M. gsee                                                                              S                                                                S                              S M. sp.                                                  5                               S                                  S                             S Bu.n te ser r .15aude t.a                                                                                                 S                             S                              s P o l y p hee ld a e Falyphceus pedli ulus  -

S F S S S S Sididae Diapharge. yea br ac hyur u_e 5 F S F S 5p 5 5 5 D. . leuc ht enb t r1. 1anum S F S F 5* D. sp. 5 5 $ F $ F S F Sp S sp sp s F _34 t_ona sp. F L. set tf era F S l at opef e t s se. F Side c ryst allina F S F Sp S F S Copepoda Calanoida (unident if ied) S S Sp S F Calanoid e cpepodide F FW Sp S F Sp S F Sp* 58 F* Fra S* F Sr

• S* F* Sp S F Sp*
• F*

Cent r opag id ae c

                                                                         $p        F                     5p                           5p               Sp              5p 5 t Llanor alanus mat t oru s                   5 S

peptrenticum lab ronec t ue Sp F D ia pt <*1dse S F FW sp S F Sp 5 F sp a S r* s p* 5 F spa 5 r sp r Spa S F sp r plaptoeue ..pland t D. bi rge t 5p D. r iey_typ tdee S S D. leptppus Sp 5 F S F Sp 5 F Sp 5 F 5p* 5 F Sp 5 Sp 5 F Sp sp* e t i

0. e t _nu.t u s 3 F S F W Sp 5 F Sp 5 F Sp S F Sp 5 F Sp S F Sp S 5p F* F D. cr egonene L e W 5p S F S F F s D. pa l_1_t ,dy s S F S S S

D. pypa eue S D. r e ig5p d l. S S S D. e ll_i latie s Sp S F Sp sp D. sicille S F W Sp 5 sp 5 F S p* 5 F Sp Sp F 5p sp* S F D. sp. Sp S F S F W sp sp S F $ F Pseud oc a la nidae Sener e t t a < alanolde. F T enor idas Fp t sc hur a lac u st r ie $ F S F 5 F F S F S S F S F R. nevolensis 5p S F F S E. op Sp F fugtem ra af finis 5p 5 F Sp S F Sp S F 5 F S F S F S E. op. Sp 3 2-

• h h f D h . b h, Na +44 4 N D

j. W a

                                                                                                    ,a -

g( ,J t; d 1' j. bj ;e; < O M it"'yql; O

                                                                                                                                         >3                               .e    ti L!                  gj $ hhhkklk
                                                                                                                                ?

579111 $ 2-60 aclence services divialon

O The Index of Similarity (Odum 1971) is useful in comparing one community with another, either spatially or temporally; it makes maximum use of information contained in species occurrence data by comparing the number of taxa in com-munity A (A) with the number of taxa in community B (B) and the number of taxa common to both (C) by the following relationship: 2C S (similarity) = ,3 The index ranges from 0 to 1, and any value greater than 0.5 indicates that the two communities were more similar than dissimilar. A comparison of Lake Michigan and nearshore pond zooplankton communities of 1974 through 1978 yielded the fol-lowing result:

• h V

l

                 ~                      o v                                     _-

LAtt l 4 0  ;

                =            =  =                    =m                       :  :

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978

                '-           +  ',                   --   '-                  -

n PONDS <  ;- n 1974 = SANLING YEAR 0.6' - S VALUE The data suggest that the zooplankton communities are similar from year to year, but the degree of similarity fluctuates somewhat. The trend of decreasing sim-ilarity of the lake zooplankton community from 1974 to 1977 was reversed in 1978 owing to increased number of taxa collected during 1978. The variation observed in the zooplankton communities are due primarily to the variable nature of col-1ecting low abundance species, principally cladocerans and copepods. Many of the less abundant taxa collected intermittently are species associated with the bot-tom substrates and therefore are not collected in abundance with plankton sam-pling techniques. No shifts in major community components are apparent from 1974 to 1978. 2 T. '? C _#~ e 2-61 science services divialon

O 2.2.3.3 Numerical Abundance. Zooplankton abundance in Lake Michigan re-flected similar seasonal patterns between near-field staticas (1-6 and 10) and far-field stations (7-9) (Tab le 2.2-3) . Zooplankton densities peaked in August with bosminid cladocerans the most numerous. Density values ranged from a low of 256/m3 at Station 2 in April to a high of 214,722/m3 at Station 7 in August. This range is considerably higher than observed for previous years; previously the maximum observed density was 138,010/m in 1974 (Texas Instruments 1975). Densities during 1978 were generally higher at the inshore stations and lowest offshore, a continuation of a trend that was observed in 1976 and 1977 (Figure 2.2-1). Table 2.2-3 Zooplankton Density (No./m3 ) for Lake Michigan Stations 1-10 and Interdunal Pond Stations 17-21, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April, June, August, and November 1978 Station Apr Jun Aug Nov m 1 366 12674 52381 84786 5

         'S 2                        256     20786      66962    43811            &

W 3 550 7863 39433 25650 3 4 675 5855 58924 55459 "E 5 549 7289 52012 31279 ER 6 485 5658 64538 29604 5 ci 7 1277 8561 214722 22784 55 8 727 7377 41972 19636 E 9 505 6592 19748 20672 e 10 928 3127 38377 29235

         -s Near-field i 1-6,10       544      9036      53232    42832 Far-field x 7-9          836      7510      92147    21031 m      17                       2.i     305.2      95.2     937.0 5      18                        1.0    414.2     509.8     137.0
         '5 0    19                      25.8     323.8    468.5      495.1 07     20                       22.7     299.5     593.4     785.9 "S     Cowles Bog 21            51.8     105.4     354.1      19.1 7~     Pond B i 17-18            1.6     359.7    302.5      537.0 2      Pond C i 19-20           24.3     311.6    531.0      640.4 O

579213 2-62 science services division

O t.E l+ T 1 Na h t ! .:l c. ssi tt ,, L : si s a f ; v i !si t s :p a ( ghi t s 1 T+ 4 i N c 6 ; : s,, ig n

                                                                - l $-f i C' N
                                                                --- M. F T (. 4         g h                                                         - -t?f7(Ds'Rw y i z r-

n

            ,j                             ~ ~ ~ .m        - _ s,                         - W               .-Ny= ~ _           ./

m s, m s, .m .. m zs ,, m m m . - la'  :).i t7 19 Figure 2.2-1. Zooplankton Density (No./m3), Lake Michigan Stations (1915-1978) As in previous years, pond densities were significantly higher than lake zoo-plankton density (Table 2.2-3, Figure 2.2-2). Values ranged from a low of 1.0/ liter (1,000/m ) in April at Station 18 to a high of 937/ liter (937,000/m3) at 3 Station 17 in November. Densities in the ponds generally peaked in Novem-ber; Cowles Bog densities, however, peaked in August (Figure 2.2-3). Densities in Cowles Bog were much lower than those observed in Ponds B or C as in previous years, except during August when densities in Cowles Bog generally peaked (Fig-ure 2.2-3). Comparison of 1978 seasonal density distribution patterns in Lake Michigan with previous years indicates that peak density occurrences and intensity vary annu-ally (Figure 2.2-2) although seasonal patterns rc::ain essentially unimodal from year to year. During the first three years of study and in 1978, density peaks (mean lake density) occurred in August, while 1977 peak zooplankton abundance occurred in June. Density levels of annual maxima (lake mean) steadily declined from 1974 through 1977 but increased considerably in 1978. Density levels dur-ing the April and June (nonpeak periods) have remained comparable from year to year with significantly higher densities in August and November of 1978 (Figure 2.2-2). The data in Figure 2.2-2 suggest a seasonal pattern characterized by a steady increase in density f rom April to August with a subsequent decline in November. This trend is similar to that described for adjacent areas within Lake Michigan (Roth and Stewart 1973). 2-63 science services division

o _ CONTINU0US NATURE CF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSA.WPLING MONTHS. 500 -

                                                                                                                       ;\\

LAKE STATIONS I g ,

                                               --- PCND AND BOG STATIONS                                             I      g                                                                    /

I \ / I / g 400 - ' g

                                                                                                                                \                                                       j 5                                                                                                             i              \                                                     /
    $                                                                                                            I                 \                                                 #

g /

   ~
   ~                                                                                                            l                   \                                            /
  "cs   300  -                                                                                                  l                     \                                         /

I \ / y g (' '% s I I I \

                                                                                                              \
                                                                                                                                         \
                                                                                                                                          \                                 '

s I g i N s fs I \ l H 200 - I \ /

                                                                               \                            I                                                            i s                                                            y I                              s              /          \                       l                                                            I l                                 \          /              \                    \                                    \                       l N                         N
                                                                                                                                                \                     l I

I 'sj f

                                                                                          's \          l I                                        \
                                                                                                                                                    \               l l

100 - N I  % I \ l

                                                                                                                                                        \         g a                   1                                                                              \ gl                                                   N      I C                                                                                                     4                                                                                      %

l \ I

             - I
.          0     ,            ,     ,      ,                 ,    .         ,           ,             ,s               ,         ,              ,                            ,           ,          ,

8 APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NO" "PR J J'. Aul * [ Q 1975 1976 1977 197d a C.O e N , a 9 i CR E o 3 Figure 2.2-2. Zooplankton Density (No./m3), Lake Michigan versus Pond Stations (1975-1978) O O O

O CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING Li':ES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 700 - C0WLES BOG

                                                              --- POND B                                                                                                              .
                                                              --- - POND C                                           ,                                                              /

600 - g\ ,/

                                                                                                                     \\                                                      /

j ' '\g l' / 500 -

                                                                                                                 }      \ \_                                            j           l is                          f     g                                      A                                   I        \     s.                                                 /
   $                          /        s                                    /\                                            \        \                                 '
                                                                                                                                                                      /         /

h 400 - / \ f \ \ g j t / \ \ \ / f gg . Y ' e / \

                                               \                         I       \

y I,;

                                                                                                                             \
                                                                                                                               \
                                                                                                                                        \                       $/

I. g; a 300 ll\

                       /                         N I                                                                  \
                                                                                                                                                               //

s \ s // s / \ fl \ \ f. s f\ -

                                          /
                                                     -s
                                                       's  s         /

I \ s s ll i

                                                                                                                                   \
                                                                                                                                               '\            f./

o 200 j;

                                                                                                                                                             /

g

                    / \v. /                              ' L.Y.

N s s i, 1 s

                                                                                                                                                      \

100 -

                                                                         '\ ,.. ' '         

s . .ll - a f. \ { O c

• _V t I t I i 1 f I l i I t

                                                                                                                                                     -- - ]
                                                                                                                                                           !     I        i 8                                                           APR JUN AUG APR    JUN         AUG          NOV                                     NOV             APR JUN              AUG         NOV                APR JUN AUG                NOV
 $                        1975                                        1976                                              1977                                       1978 1

8 c1

 =   9 a   0 1   N g                                Figure 2.2-3.         Zooplankton Density (No./m 3), Interdunal Ponds (1975-1978)

In terms of the ponds, temporal density variations of maxima and minima reflected much greater annual fluctuation (Figure 2.2-3). Data collapsed over the past three surveys (Figure 2.2-4) indicate a seasonal pattern as densities increased from April to June with relatively high densities through November. 2.2.3.4 Percent Composition. Defining community structure and monitoring temporal variations in the community are essential in characterizing the ecosys-tem. Figures 2.2-5 and 2.2-6 indicate temporal changes in relative (percent) abundance of the major taxa in Lake Michigan and nearshore ponds during this and previous studies in the Bailly study area. Table 2.2-4 presents relative abun-dance (percent) values for the major taxa during 1978. Zooplankton seasonal succession in Lake Michigan during 1978 displayed a similar pattern to previors years with diaptomid copepods, bosminid cladocerans, and cyclopold copepodids the most numerous organisms. Diaptomid copepods (54 percent) dominated the spring 1978 fauna followed by cyclopold copepodids (46 percent) in June, bosminid cladocerans (66 percent) in August, and bosminid cladocerans and cyclopoid copepodids in November (25 and 31 percent, respectively). Calanoid copepodids (13 percent) were also abundant during November (Table 2.2- 4) . The pond zooplankton community also exhibited salient seasonal fluctuations in community structure. Cyclopoid copepodids dominated April and August and were followed by bosminid cladocerans in June and chydorid cladocerans in November (Table 2.2-4; Figure 2.2-6). The chydorid cladocerans were the second most num-crous group in August and were dominant in Novenber, comprising 73 percent of the total density. Compared with previous years, Lake Michigan 1978 zooplankton community dynamics were similar to seasonal succession patterns observed earlier during 1974, 1975, and 1977 (Figure 2.2-5), further isolating the 1976 sampling year as atypical by exhibiting high relative abundance of cyclopoid copepodids and relatively lower abundance of bosminid cladocerans during August. The seasonal succession pattern observed for 1974, 1975, 1977, and 1978 of this survey has been described pre-viously for southern Lake Michigan by Roth and Stewart (1973). 5732'7 2-66 science services division

O CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 350 - 300 - [--------'  %

                                                  /                                      -s'~~~,'
                                                /                                                          ~ ~ ~ ,

G 250 - e / 3 /

      $                                 /

O 200 - / m / 'fm k / o 'd 5 / LAKE STATIONS g 150 -

                              /                            --- POND AND BOG STATIONS G                     /

5 /

                        /

100 -

                      /
                    /
                  /
 *              /
 ,E       50 -

3 o o e o 0 7 i , i , , o H APR JUN AUG NOV 3 N a C lir D-k Figure 2.2-4. Average Zooplankton Density (No./m3 ), Lake Michigan versus o s Interdunal Ponds Summed over 1975-1978

LALE MICHIG/N 100 I

        ,-) _                                                   ,                            g li               2                                                                             f                         '

s l  ; ' I l j b 5 I i

                                                                                                                                                                              \

l r l i m 6 -) .

                                                   ,l ll     , ,
                                                                 ,g                                                  j l

s 5 - ll t! < 's

                                                                    .;.                                              L'                         "

N M l h 1 E' I l' j l ll 1 l l I ql

      ~2-                              i j                                                      I lll                                                I k.

hj;!' l  ! 2Q-di

s l l

                                                                                                                                       ., \
                                                                                                                                            ~

l

                                                                                                                                                                 \

r; m. 0- "  ; ~ i i 1 4 I I I 6 i i i i g i i g g N J J A S O N F M A M J A "j A J A N A i - 9  ; e 'y 1974 1975 1976 1977 3 197

!8                %1 9      G CYCLOPOID COPEPODIDS                     Q E,05MIt4IDAE                                                                       ,

C CALANOID COFEPODIDS C DIAPTOMIDAE a i Figure 2.2-5. Percentage Composition of Important Zooplankton Forms in Lake Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 O @ O

DA  %.d) a]

                .,-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              o 6 ..~~

C. .. =

• 9. ,

C -n .) (.  % D~ )100 t*EARSHORE PONDS g, , ( 'L . ) C -.; OTHERS .. OTHERS

                                                                                                                                                      .n                                                                                           ..
                                                                                                                                                     .n                                                                                        . :nnt.

(.-

 ,'-' 1        -)

T

                        *c<                                                                                                               '.n:n*
                                                                                                                                                 .= ;

Onn=:- ann:n:::n.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      . n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    .: ::n' rN.                                             un:n:nnnn.

m :jn:n .n:. .u n L' 3 n:.. ...~ u;=.. .;=n nu 4:n-r== rnnn: n:= !n~n:n;.

                                                                             =                                                                                                          .                                                                2                                 n*: -

C.rc .un:t in=:r+-+nn:*n g :=:m..nija ..

un m... -

m::je n:nni n . ;uu:.n unnen::nn"u;u..n n ::- 3 3_ < :nnt:  ::nnan... un::: ntnr. =n .

                                                                        ,, l l 9:.                                                    nnu-                                we ~~                                                                                  n:.             nn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ', :~n n un n:nn, s: ,.-,

gl..m g i, uu;; + .  ::::nn:u.=up;.*:j- ;;.;nnnnn nn:F:u:n::p'  ::::::. :n n p 1

                                                                                                                                    .=:-                           +

Frig,] ua ;Jl, . . . . . . u l < :n= l n+turrn- :.nn n:: :.+n t:g,: - n+++++

n. -

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  - n==-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     -+n:n;nn

n t:tnn;u;gil.i-ji.nn

     --, , '                                                                                                                      .+.

e a.- ' -+

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ._ .n:n:nny:n=-

r j . . .a. [ ' gnr. + :-;: . :. . . l }l .:n.. -  :- - nn ,

                                                                         '+j n . 1::, .. - +                                                                                                                       := uu n ..:. n:                                  ~~n= nt: Su;E S.           ;"

o g::i! ) . -'. i -  ; inn..: nn::::- [ ,i i i I l :nn:- :me - - - t 4:; - =:;::: t-- n.n.::. n u.; -: tI L:.. ~ ; -

' 1 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      . - . .._n $. :n. nn*

m,

                             -    w          .                   <-
                                                                                                                             . n. =..:

l . c m I.:nu i

                                                                                                      *.                 ..;:nn::---                                                     l l

i

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      .n....uu;                                      :: nn:n: tun                                   ,i,
                                                                                                       .un. ..; nun:nnn.

a nn i x :n:  ; l s: = n t =i

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    'I w
                     "            " .': :::1-                                                            n!':Onn*n: nnn:

n . . '"' r ~~ . i

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        'i-
                        ,. J -

t::: n;ntutr::: n::u I: b +:n::un umn?HH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  .n                        I:

r,a m gp+ --*n:..ntutun:: o +n nn-  ::n:. . i1. ,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 . ::::r. .y ,

m I unn:n

                                                                                                             + :nn;nntnny l                        [                                           '                                                                                                                               -

A' i

  &                                                                                                                                                >:                                                                                                                                                     I
                                          +
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  'I        nprr-                                                                                       '..';l a                                                                                                                                                                                                         r                                                               t i.

C  :::h:nn.nr .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            +<
                                                                                     ,14,                    ;- n .. .                           i                                                                  l                                                             .

ll}' ti:: s t- l

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ,.                                        :.: +.                   l),) ,               il      1

il:nn --

                                                                                                                     . .: ur '                                                                                                  /                                                                 .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ;;\

o J

                                                                                        -),i

= 1 -nu  ; ,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .       fi;
                                                                                             > H.                      n                                                                                               1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ~+-                   il                    ,

f ;, , f,  : p':n:t: .- l, 1I i l 2d- - F j~' .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ,                                . i
                                  +
                                                                                                 '&I'j                                       .

l

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     >f                                  ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        $,';Ili l               'q' l   f,'

5 + ,f : ,/ '  : !i j

                                                                                                          ;               llfl       4                     ~

i i

i j 3 . .

                                                                                             ~l                    '

[L  ; l g[

                                                                                                                                   ^

0 , , , , , , , , , , , , i l --i q } M J J A 5 0 N F M A M J A N A J A N A J A ti A J a t. g O., 1974 1975 1976 1977 19' S 3 CYCLOPOID COPEPODIDS DIAPTOMIDAE 18 CALANOID C0FLPODIDS CHYDORIDAE

    <                            N                                                                 ..         BOSMINIDAE                                           ++
                                                                                                                                                                   ** nt.          : OSTRAC00A V                                                                                                                                          tmn
    $                          D
    #                          D C)                                Figure 2.2-6.                        Percentage Composition of Important Zooplankton Forms in Interdunal 8                                                                                             Ponds in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 o

3

O r' Table 2.2-4 Percent Composition of Major Zooplankton Forms in Lake Michigan and Interdunal Ponds, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area,

                         &     , June, August, and November 1978 Apr               Jun             Aug            Nov Taxon          Lake    Pond >    Lake    Ponds Lake      Ponds  Lake    Ponds
         ,Joridae              <1      15         2      13      <1      21     <1      73 Bosminidae                2       3        22      42     66         1    25        1 Cyclopold Copepodids      6      41        46      12     11       42     31      14 Calanoid Copepodids      13      <1        18       1     10       <1     13      <1 Diaptomidae              54      <1         1       1       1       0     17      <1 Ostracoda                <1       7         0       1       0       5      0       2 Total %                  75      66        89      70*    88       69     86      90 No. Taxa                 33      37        25     40      27       46     30      44 Ceriodaphnia sp. comprised 21% of pond density in June.

Seasonal succession patterns in the nearshore ponds may be indicative of changes in the trophic condition within these ponds. Comparisons of seasonal succession patterns over the past five years (Figure 2.2-6) indicate several significant trends. Periods of peak bosminid dominance have decreased since 1976, no longer lasting until August as observed in 1974 and 1975. Concurrently, cyclopoid cope-pods and chydorid cladocerans have steadily increased in perciat composition since 1974 with the cyclopoids most prevalent prior to bosminid peaks and the chydorlds occurring most heavily after the bosminids' short summer peak. Cala-noid copepod percent composition has diminished noticeably from 1974 as well. Gliwicz (1969) noted that smaller species are more abundant in Polish lakes since they feed on smaller food particles that are more prevalent in eutrophic condi-tions. The general trend in the nearshore ponds indicated increasing numbers of smaller forms, most notably the chydorid cladocerans. Gannon (1972) indicates that Chydorus sphaericus often appears as c common plankter in eutrophic waters accompanying blue-green algal blooms. It should be emphasized, however, that while shifts in species composition of crustacean zooplankton may be indicative of changes in the degree of cutrophy, similar shifts in species composition, and especially size-related shifts, can also be attributable to size-selective fish predation. Cannon (1972) states that it would be difficult to separate shifts in species composition due to size-selective predation or cutrophication. mezzi 8 2-70 science services divialon

O The more stable cocaunity structure observed in the lake suggests, as in previous years, that plant operation has a negligible influence on the major zooplankton components in Lake Michigan. Zooplankton community dynamics in the nearshore ponds indicates that shifts in ma jor cornunity components are occurring that may reflect increased eutrophication and/or fish predation. The degree (if any) to which plant operation is influencing this trend cannot be assessed at this time; however, similar trends observed in the literature suggest that this phenomenon is more related to natural limnological processes than plant operation. 2.2.3.5 Trophic Relationships. Although other factors are often influential, food availability is important in regulating zooplankton community structure. In general, nuch information regarding the trophic interrelationships of zooplankton can be gained by observing those of the phytoplankton; normally, zooplankton abundance depends almost entirely on phytoplankton levels and reacts accordingly, but the system can exist only when the zooplankton abundance is free to fluctuate greatly and is not rigorously limited by predation (O'Brien and deNoyelles 1974). In a study by Lane and McNaught (1970) involving a mathematical analysis of Lake Michigan zooplankton niches, food was considered the dominant factor in niche separation. While temperature cont.ols crustacean growth and hatching rates (Elster 1954; Eichhorn 1957; as cfted in Patalas 1972), food availability affects the fertility of females (Edmond. a 1965; Comita and Anderson 1959; as cited in Patalas 1972). Trends described earlier for Lake Michigan zooplankton in which densities have decreased during the 1975-1977 period may be closely related to phytoplankton community dynamics rather than interactions from higher trophic levels. Figure 2.2-7 presents zooplankton and phytoplankton densities f rom 1975 through 1978 which indicate a steady increase in phytoplankton density concomitant with de-clining zooplankton abundance; however, zooplankton and phytoplankton abundance increased in 1978, indicating factors other than total phytoplankton abundance are influencing zooplankton abundance. Levels of blue-green algae increased steadily from 1974 through 1978 accounting for the najor portion of the phyto-plankton community during peak periods (see Phytoplankton, subsection 2.1.3.1). Blue-greens are generally considered undesirable as a food source for inverte-brates, especially cladocerans (Arnold 1971), but apparently there is sufficient phytoplanktoa to support high densities of zooplankton since 1978 zooplankton densities are bl>;her than any previous year of the Bailly study. 2-71 science services division 579222

7a

                                                                                                                                                   =43 I

16 - 60 CONTINUOUS NATURE OF COMECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROJGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. I 14 - -"-PHYTCPLANKTCN LAKE MICHIGAN ZOCPLANKTON ,

                                                                                                                                                                     ~

50 8

                                                                                                                                                                     ;2 12 -

h

   ,                                                                                               .A                                                                5
   -o                                                                                                                                                               o 10 -
                                                                                                 /
                                                                                                      \                                      :           -

a :: C

   =                                                                                           l
                                                                                                                                                                    =

2U \. . N 8 - i o - 33 '3

                                                                                             /
                                                                                                                                         .                             m n   E                                                                                                           .
   =                                                                                       -

l s

                                                                                                                 \

5 6 - [ - l 'L

• l -

20 B<

                                                                                                                                    ~

5 4 - \- r

                                                                     ------..~\       /                                                                     l
                                                      .[./

z

                                                                                  \                                              N                      -

10 e 2 -

                       ,'w...

o s' _.._..s' O 3 0 0 ' ' ' ' ' 0 ' ' ' > a e i n e e A J A N A J A N A J A N A J A a. 0

==                    1975                          1976                              1977                                   197d o-        E o

Q MONTHS / YEARS CD E N

5. N E CJ Figure 2.2-7. Comparison of Phytoplankton Density (No./R x 10 )6and Zooplankton

!                                         Density (No./m3 x 103) within Lake Michigan from 1975-1978                                                                     ,

9 O O

O While size-selective predation on zooplankton by alewives has been indicated for Lake Michigan (Gannon 1974), predatory pressure from tertiary trophic levels does not appear to be a major mechanism af fecting zooplankton community dyr.amics in this area. In general, no major size-related shif ts in zooplankton community have been observed during the five years of study. Phytoplankton-zooplankton relationships in the ponda during 1977 were more direct in that zooplankton density generally followed the pattern established by the phytoplankton (Figure 2.2-8). It appears tha? this was not entirely true during 1978 although zooplankton community dynamics were more closely related to phenom-ena occurring in lower trophic levels than to any major predatory stress higher in the food chain. Looplankton community dynamics in Lake Michigan near the Bailly Study Area apparently are influenced by factors other than those shown in the phytoplankton surveys, although probably not owing to predatory stress higher in the food chain since organism size-related shif ts have not been observed. 2.2.3.6 Statistical Analysis 2.2.3.6.1 Lake Michigan. Total zooplankton densities of Lake Michigan were subjected to an analysis of variance. To stabilize variance, the data values were logarithmically transformed. Months (seasons) were considered as random effects, stations as fixed efncts. A complete description of statistical anal-ysis methodology is presented in Section 2.1, Phytoplankton. The summary analy-sis of variance can be tabulated as follows, with significant F-statistics marked with an asterisk (u = >0.05) . 1973 ANOVA Results Degrees Scurce of Variaticn of Freedor Sun of Souares F-Value Month 3 437.3190 1455.04* Stations (1-lC) 7 0.2906 1.00 Statiens (1-0 vs 10) 1 0.6383 0.69 Staticos (1-9) 1 Rcw (livear) (contour) 1 5.372- 5.55' Ecw (quadratic) (contour) 2 0.07% 0.03 Colurn 2 1. E24 0.25 Pow L x colum 2 1.3726 0.75 Rew 0 x colunn 2 0.3631 0.2C Snth station 27 24.F096 3.20* Peplication 120 13.4517 1975-1978 Across Years A%2VA Results Years 3 145.7C00 1.17 ftnth 3 1331.6113 14.71

• Year x rrnth 9 373.f590 551. C*

Staticn 9 11.9926 1.50 year x station 27 43.7523 c

                                                                                   '.3^*

Month x station 27 23.9610 1.17 Yew x conth x station 81 61.5483 10. M* Deplication GO 36.1361 g7 SClence SerVICOS dlVISIOn

o CONTINU0US NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMi' LING MONTHS,

                   - - PHYTOPLANKTON                            NEARSHORE PONDS                                                                                     500 10 -

ZOOPLANKTON

                                                    /

4 / - o \ l 1 - wCC 2 8 -

                                                        \

x

                                                 /

l } 7j y

\ s e

l .1 , , _ ~ . l \ - s 300 e 6 -\ \-

                                                                                                                                                         \              o s

o

               \                             l                .                                        A                    /                              \            Q w    -            g
                                                              }

{ n.< 4 c-E \ / \\ / \ s 5 - 1

                                                                                                                         /                                        -200 o 4

[ ( I y

    !                                      I                        ^                          j                 \     /                                                i
                                        .j                                x               /                                                                             >

k . k IN

y.,

(. , V W , , , i i i i t i I I 8 ' O A J A N A J A N A J A N A J A N 1976 1977 1978 h 1975 8 MONTH 5/ YEARS a CR 1 4 g to

.        N a        N 5        U                   Figure 2.2-8.       Comparison of Phytoplankton Density (No./E x ll ) and Zooplankton Density (No./m3 x 103) within the Interdunal Ponds from 1975-1978 3

9 O O

O As one would expect, the seasonal effect (months) for 1978 data was significant, with August density highest and April the lowest. Generally, stations 1-10 were fairly uniform in terms of density distribution with no significant differences in mean density (a = >0.05) . The contour (15 ft, 30 ft and 50 ft) means were sig-nificantly different with the highest densities along the 15-ft depth contour and lowest densities along the 50-ft depth contour. The significant month x station f actor indicates the spatial pattern of den-sities was not uniform across all months. Although August usually exhibited the highest densities, stations 1 and 9 had higher densities during November. Cen-erally all other spatial relationships were uniform throughout 1978. Across-year comparisons of zooplankton data indicate that while no significant year-to-year differences were observed, seasonal (monthly) variations were sig-nificant as observed in the 1978 ANOVA (a = >0.05). Year x month, year x station, and year x month x station interactions were also significant. indicating changes in the spatial pattern of zooplankton density across months and years. Although changes in spatial distributions occurred throughout the four-year period when averaged over time, the densities at each station were not different, nor were the yearly means different. This indicates natural variation in abundance but no ap-parent overall change in zooplankton abundance. 2.2.3.6.2 Ponds and Bog. Analysis of variance was performed also on total zooplan'(ton densities in the ponds and bogs, and the data values were logarith-mically transformed to help stabilize variances. In the analysis of variance, months (seasons) were considered as random effects; stations as fixed. The sta-tion sum of squarea was partitioned with orthogonal contrasts for specific tests. The summary analysis of variance can be tabulated as follows, with significant F-statistics marked with an asterisk: 1978 ANOVA Results Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value Month 3 175.7252 161.60* Station 4 21.1505 0.82 Ponds vs bog 1 5.8746 0.91 Pond B 1 0.1561 0.02 h and B vs Pond C 1 1.6 77.5558 17.83* b Month x station 12 Replication 60 21.7478 science services division 2-75

O 1975-1978 Across Years ANOVA Results Degrees h Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value Year 3 245.5091 0.68 f1onth 3 885.6640 2.46 Year x month 9 1080.0821 697.22* Station 4 104.4386 4.41* Year x station 12 71.0101 1.96 ftonth x station 12 55.4565 1.53 Year x month x station 36 108.8048 7.14* Replication 240 101.6216 Seasonal (monthly) effects were found to be significant for zooplankton density within the ponds, as one would expect. Mean zooplankton densities for 1978 for all stations were found to be not significantly different. Monthly density dit-ferences combined with lower densities in Cowles Bog resulted in significant station x month interactions. Comoarisons across years for zooplankton pond density revealed that while annual density differences were not statistically different, year x month and year x station interactions were significant. Station x month x year interactions were also significant, indicating fluctuations in the station seasonal density pat-tern during the past four years. Cowles Bog had significantly lower densities when averaged over the four-year period (station factor significant). 5?922? O 2-76 science services division

O 2.3 BENTH0S 2.

3.1 INTRODUCTION

. Benthic studies of the open waters of the Great Lakes have largely emphasized numerical distribution in relation to sediment character-istics and depth and the significance of particular organisms as indicators of water quality (Eggleton 1937, Powers and Alley 1967, Mozley and Garcia 1972, Mozley and Alley 1973, and Mozley and Winnell 1975). A recent study by Mozley (1975) describes benthic community responses co power plant effluents in the Great Lakes. In addition, several studies have been conducted which concentra-ted upon specific major taxa groups such as amphipods (Alley 1964, Kidd 1970, and Mozley and Garcia 1972), molluscs (Hensen and Herrington 1965) and oligo-chaetes (Stimpson et al 1975) . Several studies describing species association of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Great Lakes have also been conducted (Cook and Powers 1964, Hiltunen 1967, Brinkhurst et al 1968, and Johnson and Brinkhurst 1971). This survey of the benthic community was designed to characterize the spatial and temporal variation in composition and abundance in the vicinity of the Bailly Study Area. This report contains the results of the fifth year of continuous monitoring effort, 1978, and also draws comparisons among the study years 1974-1978. A general discussion of certain groups as they function as organic pol-lution indicators is also provided for comparison with data collected in this study. 2.3.2 METHODOLOGY. Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were scheduled to be collected at 10 lake stations (1-10) and 5 pond stations (17-21) during April, June, August, and November 1978. All samples were collected as scheduled. Sediment size analysis at all benthos lake and pond stations was scheduled and conducted during August 1978. Lake station samples consisted of duplicate quantitative samples collected with a 9-inch by 9-inch Ponar grab sampler. This particular sampler was chosen for its ability to sample a variety of substrates. The Ekman grab is better for sampling fine substrates, but the Ponar grab is more effective on firm substrate samples (Hudson 1970, Howmiller 1971, and Lewis 1972) such as are found in Lake Michigan. 2-77 science services division

O Ponar grab samples were taken at each station until duplicate valid samples were collected. A valid grab haul was defined as one containing substrate within the completely closed jaws of the sampler. Invalid haul contents were discarded. Replicate samples were placed la separate containers, labeled, and preserved to a final concentration of 4 percent buf fered formalin. Rose-bengal dye (0.5 per-cent solution) was added as a stain to aid in rapid detection of the organisms during separating processes. Each sample was washed through a No. 30 U.S. standard sieve and examined, using white enamel pans and 10X illuninated magnifying lenses. The brightly stained organisms were easily distinguished in the sediment-laden samples. Specimens were scrted by taxon, enumerated, and placed in appropriately labeled vials con-taining 70 percent ethanol. Specimens were examined using dissection and com-pound microscopes; principal reference keys used in identification included: Johannsen (1934, 1935, 1937); Ross (1944), Burks (1953), Wiggins (1977); Pennak (1953, 1978); Usinger (1956); Roback (1957); Ward and Whipple (1959); Edmunds et al (1976); and Brinkhurst and Jamieson (1971). These references were sup-plemented as necessary with specific monographs. O Benthic samples were collected in the ponds with a 9-inch by 9-inch Ekman dredge. This grab was chosen because of its ability to sample areas where the sediment is primarily silt or mnck (APHA 1971). Pond samples were collected, preserved, and analyzed in the same manner as the lake samples. Substrate sediment analysis was performed on regular benthic samples from Lake Michigan and the ponds during August 1978. Five random subsamples were taken from each sample and strained through a National Bureau of Standards sieve series (No. 5, 10, 18, 35, 60, 120, and 230). The fractions passing through the No. 230 screen were caught in an enamel pan, dried at 110 C, and weighed and the percentage composition calculated. Particle sizes were classified accord-ing to Wentworth scale as follows: Sediment Size (mm) Scale 24 Pebble 2 Granule 1 Very coarse sand 0.500 Coarse sand 0.250 0.125 Medium sand Fine sand g 0.063 Silt

                            <0.063         Clav 2-78                science services division

O 2.3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2 2.3.3.1 Numerical Abundance. Numerical abundance (No./m ) (Table 2.3-1) in Lake Michigan exhibited a temporal distribution pattern unlike that observed in previous years. Values for April and June overall were relatively constant; however, increases were noted at all stations on the 15-foot and 30-foot con-tour lines while total densities at the 50-foot contout stations and Station. 10 were markedly reduced from April to June. August densities generally were higher than those observed in June with exceptions being noted at stations 6, 7, 8, and 10. Whereas densities in previous years declined in November, Novem-ber sampling yielded the highest densities of the 1978 sampling progras. Den-sities were particularly ?arge at the 50-foot contour stations where a maximum value of 32,356/m2 at Station 6 was observed. The increasing density with in-creasing depth phenomenon observed in previous years (TI 1975, 1976, 1377, 1978) and also documented by other authors (Mozley and Garcia 1972, Ayers and Seible 1973, and Stimpson et al 1975) was again observed (Figure 2.3-1) . A comparison of near-field stations (1 to 6 and 10) with far-field stations (7 to 9) indi-cates that mean densities were generally higher at the near-field stations with the exception of the June sampling period when densities were approximately equal (Table 2.3-1). As in the past, Station 10 (discharge) exhibited low den-sity values with a zero value being observed in August. The general compar-ability of numerical abundance within depth contours for each sampling period at stations outside the immediate discharge area and the low densities observed at Station 10 (discharge) suggest that plant operation effects in terms of total abundance are confined to the immediate vicinity of the discharge. As with previous data, the nearshore ponds in 1978 generally yielded much higher average densities than observed in the lake (Table 2.3-1, Figure 2.3-2), although differences in sampling gear (Ponar vs Ekman grab) preclude a strict comparison between lake and pond densities. Densities generally decreased from April to June, declined again in August and increased in November (considering all sta-tions as a whole). Cowles Bog displayed the highest densities throughout the nearshore pond area during the April and June study periods, while Pond C ex-hibited the highest values in August and November. Values ranged from a low of 0.0/m2 at Station 17 during August to a maximum of 14,471/m2 at Station 21 in June (Table 2.3-1). Perhaps the most significant pattern occurring within 2-79 science services division

O Table 2.3-1 2 Numerical Abundance (No./m ) of Benthic Invertebrates in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April-November 1978 Station Apr Jun Aug Nov 1 279 1,192 7,481 885 2 500 1,135 1,596 1,904 3 1,212 577 5,183 11,654 8 4 327 414 731 1,683

     . -,                  5              471           962       1,942         769
     %9k                   6           11,462         4,125       3,817      32,356 M';                   7               192        1,788         817         856 a j!                 8              519           981         548       1,538
     %                   9            1,846           202       3,365       4,952
       "                                                                        164 10               490             29           0 Near-field i 1-6,10          1,747           943       2,964       7,059 Far-field     i 7,9            853           990       1,577       2,449 m                  17               606         1,625            0      4,336 8                  18            11,337         1,240       1,144       5,567
     !1sT                19             3,002           827       4,423       7,923 3Ji                 20            10,077         7,433       1,500       6,490
     *d    Cowles Bog 21               14,471        4,500          885       3,058 lifi s?

Pond B Pond C i 17-18 i 19-20 5,971 6,543 1,433 4,130 572 2,962 4,952 7,207 g the ponds is the continued low total density relative to 1975 (Figure 2.3-2). This phenomenon is most pronounced in Cowles Bog and Pond B (Figure 2.3-3). It has been noted in the literature concerning benthic communities in the Great Lakes region that maximum seasonal abundances of nearshore benthos vary from year to year with fivefold changes not uncommon (Mozley 1975). However, this phenomenon may reflect changes in the physical and/or chemical environment of these ponds. 2.3.3.2 Species Composition. Determining the temporal and spatial variations in benthic species composition can provide information concerning the effects of subtle environmental changes not always discernible by instantaneous physico-chemical testing. The April Lake Michigan sampling period was dominated pri-marily by tubificid worms (Table 2.3-2; Figure 2.3-4). Chironomids and tubifi-cids dominated in June; however, the amphipod Pontoporeia affinis (Tables 2.3-3 and 2.3-4) was also abundant during this period. The August benthic fauna was dominated primarily by tubificids and chironomids and was succeeded in November 57s2.,3 2-80 science services division

o CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTIN'ITY J THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 20 -

                                                                                     \

15 - l\ ,

                                                                                                                                                                  /

I\

• l c,

I \ 8 j s \ N 15-FT CONT 0UR .

                                                                                 /          g g
    ' 10   --                           --- 35-FT CONTOUR                                   \

• g - FT CONT 0UR ,

e - / . E / \ / I \ l 5 - j \,

                                                                                                                                  ,                 j
                       ,.     .~                                         I                         \                             /\   .
                                                                                                                                                 /
                                                                      )
                                 ~

g / . 's

                                                                 ^                                   \         ./N           /          \      .
;                 /     /     's            's N.

v-

                                                                    \           ~ ~~ ' - -

m._. G' s f i./

                /

p

                                   's                      . _ ,

f 's%]___ m 8

       @    ~

i i i i e i e i i

       %      APR   JUN AUG         NOV                APR JUN AUG                  NOV              APR JUN    AUG    NOV        APR JUN         AUG            NOV
<      cc}                                               1976                                             1977                            1978 E      h)             1975
$      Q a      N 7

e f Figure 2.3-1. Benthos Density (No./m2 ), Lake Michigan Stations (1975-1978)

o CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 30 - S

                                                              ' -1
                          /\

25 - l\ f,- g g

                                                     /             I l     \
                                                   /                \
                       /        \                /                   t
                      /          \             /
                                               '                      l

{ 20 -

                     /            \          /                        {

g I \ l \ g / LAKE STATIONS g {/\; / }

                                                                         \
                                                                                                --- POND AND BOG STATIONS is -

~ ~ 1 m S ~ I

                                                                            \

l \

    $ 10     -
                                                                              \                p~

E o \ '

                                                                                           /        \
                                                                                \
                                                                                       /
                                                                                         /            \
                                                                                                                                           /
                                                                                                                                             /n\

I / \ / \ 5 - \ / g \ / \ / o ^ / \ / g x / \%,/  % / 3 g # N / h y V e 0 - i i e i , i i i i e i i k APR JUN AUG NOV APR JLN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV 0 +l 1975 1976 1977 1978 o I 3

 &               1 1               a Figure 2.3-2.                   Benthos Density (No./m2 ), Lake Michigan versus Interdunal Ponds (1975-1978)
         @                                                                                         @                                                                  O

G O CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGP NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 60 - COWLES B0G 50 - -- POND B 4 - - POND C 7

                                                        /
                                                      /       \
                                                     /        \

54 a A / 1 s /\\ l 9 / 8E 20 -

                      / \                      /

1 1 7 \ j

                                                                  \

y E

                  /            \           /                       g w     .

j

   =                            \    -                             1
   ;g 20    -
                                                                    \

i a i l

n.  ;

10 -

                      -j            -.,'%.                              ;
                                                                                    /

is

                    /                                                         -

p, / \ x j \.x\ysi / ', i N

                                                                                                           .A._ G ,      a-            .'

g

                                                                                          ~. . ~ . s                    . y      ~ ~ , ,/

0 O ~ t e i i e w e s/ i n e s i e n

$               APR     JUN     AUG     NOV               APR JUN AUG                  NOV            APR   JUN AUG NOV APR JUN    AUG  NOV 1

0

    ,y
     ._i->
               ]!        1975                                            1976                             1977              1978 o              )

e ~O 5 nyk f tc p. Figure 2.3-3. Benthos Density (No./m2 ), Interdunal Ponds (1975-1978)

O O IOC , -

                                             !                                                                   O!rERc                                                                                         l cintas cms an                                                                                                                                          1

u. n

_. . . .4: iin Fi.uj::

                  .nn                                       ,-
                                                                 .                                                      :nn                                 .fk n           .-                                                                          -

n-m: , , a :n=. n= a.

            +:iF:i:t.                                 ,,               --
                                                                                                   . . . .      .:.. ==                                  .:         :r                                                         . :n.

80- :.nt=

                                                                           .                   .........-:r :=a

.=nn n. u. 36 .

nu . ..

                                                      ,                  .  ...               .n=          n=r
                                                                                              =na;.==:. . una:n.   .                                     n                                                                   --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              .nn
                                                    ,                ..a rn.                                                                         a:             .:     .

_.. .=n tn .. . =n an:...n n. } , nr  : ':qc=en npu - r:m=. .= ..unn= =m an:;n

g:.. . n..

                 =_ tun                                             -+;
                                                                  , m.          .            .nnn =:. 3. .. . . .. ,,,,,; ;
                                                                                                                                                                                    ..=.

n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          . - -,m.nn:- y         e.n.g..:=2-n
         .            ..a                                       l-m         . n=     ==-    .n          unn....       ;n=:           -
                                                                                                                                          =:  -  -   -
                                                                                                                                                                                 ..;num:                                 n :           .a .nu=..:n=
      -:       - M!Ei                                                                                                   i E33 E                                       ,afiEEiEEfini;                                    E ' !u.:*iEEiE5EINED]

[Enli Ei HEHa==n n=7N - hm:::nn=nm:: l "g n;j=E!!EEEEEEE!E!EE'EJ mn: ;h . . .. . .. . ~ . . . f

               . ==g j                                      ; 3                   nen=:==f - g2 .==uu ::gili                                 run:f,. '                 naisianemang g-I 9'           ;;;n=====]w
             .n =- n.                                     ,. g! . . . .n=:n:        ...                                         ..-

n=n. -.e.n.g. gn... f . 4. :=mp~:2n=:. t: r - -

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     - n;"..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       " ==::=  . . - .. *
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ~=====
                                                                   = , ;          n=r-                                                                                 <-

g' - unn.

                   - :nn o

0

                                                                                    =-
                                                                                     .ar
                                                                                                                    -              =w=un.. naT
                                                                                                                                  - uEE:n= na:
                                                                                                                                                                             .n :=nt  ..

n : : ~+++ "

                                                                                                                                                                                          . =+ aup+ -

la:=n =n=.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .cnnnn::;4;=

,u::=n yf .6, - 2:===

                                                                                                                                                                              .t ~ Ei
                                                                                   -\-f .                                                                 v-- . r.1g^

g au lv ,, . -  ; -n=...... n.n i!!.E.~~in'.I

                                                                                                                                                                                      =: main; m       t 'p:. "=:t       m                n-::n==

mn* =

w a = n un n=n==

y n l gl p- ,

                                                                                                                                              ,e
                                                                                                                                                                                                      ~~

==gn -

z v

                      . n v.

e .r 2 -

                                                                                                                                    . \. .=. -
                                                                                                                                    -n-
                                                                                                                                                                               .:a. - =
                                                                                                                                                                                ,=nne n =.. = . -
                                                                                                                                                                                                       .n= n n = n-.=
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            =n :n n=nn n = n-

c - nnn -

                                                                                                                                                                                             - - :nn      .= nr m                                                         e                                                        3                                               .x-                                                                         n=n a                              a                          i
                                                                                                                                                                   - [' .                                 ini !!~                                Ti::'
                                                                                                                                                                                                           .2:      :r:                               a.

l}7=. . ,. 5; ,,, , n: , .a E- , r ti [. .a , .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ~

Emi + as -e

• v r c2 '

S jN g,;

                                    .. . . i h           u-                                                                                                                                                    %-

g< , o.

                                 . 7                  e t

• 20-
• b a

1  : i- . 81. 0 I i 3 I I i l- l 8 I I I I i J n 0 F , , J 4 J ' A J , N 1771 i)b 1U6 1977 13 C ' .1!:.it @ f. I J 'sL ', I A

                           . ce              s    ata :                                        O, .< ! ren ,

L L ; F I C ICM u., 4I L a . . b; . . w

                                                                                                   $P                                                        1                                                 a+:5 Figure 2.3-4.                                                  Percentage Composition of Important Benthic Organisms in Lake Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area 2-84                                                    science services division e9

{.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               . t ,'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       / T.

9 l w J '=*

O Table 2.3-2 Percent Composition of Fbjor Benthic Organisms in Lake Michigan and Interdunal Ponds in NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April-November 1978 Taxon Apr Jun Aug Nov e Amphipoda 3.5 10.7 8.9 2.2

                @     Tubificidae       72.5     39.2    31.0    74.9
               !! gp  Chironomidae       8.5     32.4    38.2     8.8 3H     Naididae           1.2      3.4     7.9     7.5
               *1
                ,~-

Bivalvia 8.4 4.0 3.5 2.1

               %      Total %           94.1     89.7    89.5    95.5
               "      No. Taxa           18       21      25       20 m     Naididae           5.4     17.4    39.8    35.8
                @     Tubificidae       14.8      6.6    13.1      9.1 Il;?   Amphipoda          0.1      0.0     0.2      6.7 37    Chironomidae      40.1     31.2    21.9    27.6
               *O     Bivalvia          20.8     35.5     6.0     4.2 mv
                @     Total %           81.2     90.7    81.0    83.4
               "                                          26 No. Taxa           33       30               53 by tubificids. Other subdominants during August and November were amphipods (Pontoporeia affinis), naidids and bivalves. The predominant chironomids throughout the study were Cryptochironomus sp., Chironomus sp.,      Cricotopus sp., and Procladius sp. (Table 2.3-3). Tubificid relative abundance was greater in April and November 1978 than was observed in the corresponding time periods for 1977. Pontoporeia affinis also displayed declining relative abundance values between 1977 and 1978. Other community components remained fairly constant fium 1977 Lo 1978 in thic arca of Lake Michigan (Table 2.3-4).

The predominance of the amphipod F antoporeia affinis in the lake has been de-scribed previously by several auth)rs. In a comparative survey of the Lake Michigan benthos (Robertson and A1..ey 1966), the structure of this community was compared with a prior descript:on by Eggleton (1936, 1937). Both surveys indicated the abundance of Pontoporgia affinis and oligochaetes. In another survey by Mozley and Garcia (1972) Pontoporeia affinis was the domi-nant organism, occurring in greater densities at deeper stations. The occurrence of tubificids as a dominant taxon is also consistent with trends described in the literature, as Mozley (1975) indicates that tubificids are the most numerous when-ever the substrate is primarily silt or sand (as in southeastern Lake Michigan). 2-85 acier.ce services division n '7 E O / ld

O Table 2.3-3 Comparison of Benthic Organisms in Lake Michigan and Nearshore Ponds in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area during the First 5 Years of Sampling 7974 1975 1976 1977 1979 lake La k e La ke Laite Lake Mic higan! Fonds 2 Michiga n Fonds Michigan Fond s Mithigan Panda Fonds Mich1 den Coelentersta (Hydr oid s ) Hyd r.a sp . 5 F S F W Sp 5 F Sp F Sp S F S F Sp F F F S F ( e r dy_1_np ho r a lat aet ris F Fur bella r la ( F la tworms) Nge s ta sp. W U n tJ . Tur bella r ia W 5 5p 5 F F Sp S F Wena t od a (R oundwor m s ) S F F* W* S* F Sp S* F S F Sp S F V S F Sp S F 5p S F Sp S I Nemer t es W 5 Sp F S Br yozoa (Moss animalc ules) F lep.epod i dae l'1_Wfpd_e_((a sp. F F l uma t e ll id ae S F Criststellidae

          ! LLs3_*!_e l_} a sp .                        F*                       $

L' t. i d . Stateblast S Annelidae ( Se g:sen t ed worm s ) S S Cl igoc hae t a ( Aqua t ic ear thwores ) W Sp Na id idee UniJ. Na id ida e S F* 3* F* S* F* Sp S* F* S* F S* F* s s r Sp S* F Sp S F Sp S F Au t oyhoros sp. S (hut epe rer sp. S S F Wa S N* S Fe S Sp S F S S F v t _s sp . k* Sp S;

• Sp* S Fr i s t ina sp. 5 F W Sp S F Sp 5tylaria lat us t r ia S S

Lumbr a c idae 5p 5 Sp Sp Lumt r ic u l id.n e e S F S;

• 5 F Tub it i c id a e u n id . Tub t f ic idae S* F* 5* V* Sp* S* F* Sp* S* F* S p
• S
• r'
• Sp
• S
• Sp* 5* F
• Sp* S
• F* F* Sp S F Sp 5 F f *l S .*f f *l M *p- S Er pot d e ll idae F S li t r ud inea ( Le ec he s ) S Classiphonidae S F C l os s ig h on i a sp. . Sp F F pe lg e l } 9 s t a paJ Lg
• 5 5 Sp S F S S F Sp S F Sp S F S Sp S F F He l c hd e l la sp.* F F . Sp Sp 5 S Sp S F F Un id . C los siphon LJae . 3 F Sp Fiscicolidae Fisc icola sp. S Sp S Er;<tdellidae F rp* 4 e_ i l a sp .

Sp S 3 3, 5 L ind oc er a . sp Lep t od o r i da e lept o<!at a k ind t li S F S 3 y Bo s s i n 1J a e Ltn1J. Be sm i n I Ja r *

• F Bo sa t_na_ sp.*
• F* sp Ch ydor ida e F S .-

(h_l@ r y_g s p . S p ry_Leguy s p . S F E. lamellatus S S L a phn id ae F F 9dIh?M *p- F W Sp F Sp S F Siw ( ept.a l us sp- Sp S F* F S he l cp ed 1J a e Ho l oped lys sp. F E KlkhD'* F y Mac r o t .ir ic id ae ll_15IJIt94 sp- S 5 W SidIdae enid. S 1J idae S S N3Ga s_egf eya S Cnepoca Sp S F C yc la po lda W [yc } ey e sp. 5 F Sp 5 F Sp* $ F 5p Ep 5 F F Ca la no taa . 5p S fp Sp Sp Unid. Calanoida ODrums sp- F S T liar pau t ic oida S F S F* W Sp S F S Sp

  *Frobably t he s ame species

• • All Bmmina and T h **ine spet les now c lassificJ under Bassicidae M

1m'} q m u. w N I 2-86 science services division . 1 l l

                                                                                                                                                                ]/ /

O Table 2.3-3 (Contd) 1974 1975 *4 I* 7 1976 Line ske La k e L4e gm M 6cn ion rond s Mish :pn Poed s P ts hiva, Pond * *i ti l g m Per *

• M:t, g4n P.md e 11os sp. W 5p h SP F Sp S Sp F

      ^' ] * ' *H![t_ay                                S t iry aa         s.

Myeidae Mysts .rgt py F Sp p h lipoda Tel s tr idee Hva ll el a a r t c< a S F 6 S* Sp S* F S sp 5 y 5p p Haunter 11dae Fon_t epor e t.a 4_f f i n i s sa F 5 F Sp* $ F* 'p' 5* F Sp S F* Sp*S*F* S Sp 5 F F Gammar id a e (.a spa r_u_5 ap. 5p S Sp 5 5 _s. fts 12, a ' S F Ust ra c mi a ( Seed at.r isp ) F* W (p S F F 5p F Hyd roc a r ina (hate r mites) $* F 5 F = 5p 5 F p 5 F Sp S sp 5 P 5p S S 5p S F Un tJ . Aras hn 1Ja A Sp to l l cebo l a (Springtalis) En t ou.t> r y i d a e 5 En t tTr v a sp. $ pp F pnemer op t e r a (Ma y I I t e s ) b Sp p Baetig up. F p t.a p ty sp.

• F* m sp* S F* F 'p* S*F* sp s t gg g y Bync lacop sp . S

' W ona t a (De arn flics, damselflical Unid. 6hi.'ru t a                                                                  sp i F                   S               5                                                               y Aesc tn idae Ac m, h n_,e     sp,                            5                                                                       5 Libellulidee Un id . Libellulidae                                      =                    5p          F                                                                                        g C e l_ _t t _ bye _1 s sp                                                      Sp f or d a..I t a sp.                                   F f p t . . r_145ta         -

F E ry tbete t.s sp. F he lac erdul 1,e so. 5 l a,1_ p a e r t l '. ' . 'y r.hM t._a n o . sp gp 5 p qp g y Lib f_Ilula sp. sp 3 y "14_OJr ia sp. 3 sp Paiby.d t p I_a3 sp . p P[a_gys19 sp. y P,31y a : a 4

• I Sy=;y t.r.us sp. cp

        'a r ne t r m cp.                                                              '- p Qcna,t r 1 in tJa Unid . rc mu gr t .n t.f ie                          FW                       5p S         F*                     Sp 5 F                       3p 3        y-              Sp S F Coe na g r ien ap.                                                                                                           F F n a l_1 a gu sp .

F = Sp g L*! .h_ny t a op 5p F Les es sp. 5 for tu leg.ss t er 1J.ne L'n t d . 5 m Hem iot e r a ( Bue s ) Be l e s t e4 t IJ ee eclo ; ma op. Cor in idae S S Pleidae = So F P l.c.*_ stt19la S F

        'ewpp sp.                                       ,

Neuroptera 5 C 1.i r.y_1 s 6p 5 Co r yd a l L d a e n i f m i_i_ sd e s Trie 5cpt era h a.id i s flies) Un1J. Tr t45epters . Hvd rop e 111dae F Agray leg sp. F Ap F p P1 '_Yfy t t la sp. F

      '_'r t._b_^5 r I; ti_3 s p .

F F (%ye t hira sp. S F V 'n S F* Sp S F Pd f *4 ! 2

• SP- p Lep tos er 11Jae s S lef.tfu y J.la op. F cr S F "vst ar t ica ap F t tcy_t_t s sp. S F W Ap S Sp S F 3 y r Ulb fE.t_ty_ pys s p . W $ 3 r

p5 ,. 2 -a pt. 3-/

                                                         ,                   t 3 ,w mi n. a r m
                                                                                             <.              4        .e,                                                                    F
                                         ..r, ,i.,      ,

r t cc,; -sAQ q.- g:  :,, , i p . 1, es tj

                                                                                   ' C b, u hj f,J                            gg]

Ag 5' 2-87 science services division

O Table 2.3-3 (Contd) 1974 1975 1976 1177 :yn

14. IA c I .i a t iA. Ia(

Mii hipa Pond s Mit h ten

• i s w i . 51.:an P< mi, M ii h . x i Enf. t- 1 le P'>i L l ane ph i 1 ida t i L imp _c1h i _l us. sp . NP S PySpi syc he sp. %P Phr yga ne l da e

h. n ky lg ] p c.i f _n_a (formerly A$ry pp_t 3 sp. ) sp sp s ,, t A g rj yn i a v e.* t i t a Sp Py ry g a n .a p. W Sp R ing t o l .s c_ri t c_n 1 ( t ur ar r 1 y Ph ry pn a A.) sp s F , s , sn P s yc hoey L t dae Neur . I1pe 8 F S Rh wet uph ilid ae s R.,hya ,ph_1 la sp. 5 Be r a c idae L' n i d . Be r a c i d.ie S Lep idop t er a ( A<p at te c a t er p t llar )

li n id . Lep tJopt e r a F S l' aid . P yr a l 1J avae S S Coleoptera ( Bre t le s ) Chr y some l tJa e S CurculloniJae F 5p F De r me s t 1.14e sp Dy t 1 % k 1.* e S F 3 Agaj es sp. 5 Elmidae S Ha l l p l i da e sp 5 F H4] ip l_oy s p. F 5 5P Fe l cx11da e Sp Hyd r oph il id ae Sp S Bc r _c sys sp 5 Diptera (Flies, o.asq ol t oe s , midges) Culic Idae C_harJ_so r o s op. s S F = 5p "p F S F s Tend i ped Ldae O hit onoelide) A_b_1 b 3 esyv f.a sp. F S* F*m* Sp* sa F s F s; if ' ' Au logyn t a sp. F Brillia sp. W %p ca. , .e. t t s sp. 5* C .' v a r t.Ta' ~ 5* ( a rd s h._ tad _tus sp. S t h i r mos.us sp. 5* F S F* 6* Sp* S* F* 5p* 9 F sr*(* F i s F* sr S F 5; S F* # 5 8 3 f Cgelo t anypy sp. F S s s L .c ryy neuy p op . . sp S S 3 r_r i c_o_typ.g s p . F S = $ Sp S F w 5 F S (p s F Sp < S .- S t Cyyp e .a b ir i wes sp. 5 F F . ( * $a y 3p 3 s,. .y. S *5* F* S F % 5 F S 3 D t_5mey_a sp. S Sp p i_i.r e t.e-n.1p e s sp. 5 F* W cp s F 1 Sp E F Sp S F > S f E in'_ eld ia sp. F F nd 4r h t rpnoy s sp. = F s S F S T F.u k t e.' e r t e l .14 sp. > p.1;f tyt end.ipey sp. S $ sp Sp 5 s (, s Hay n i s. _h 14 sp. $* 3 7 5 Sp S , s 3p s S Het ero t r 15 5. .c lad ius ep. 5 S Sp Sp Sp s c '> 5 F Kief f eruits sp. m Sp

1. a t.eyp r n t e ; ly sp . F Me t r i ae nee s_ sp.

           ~

S S I Mi h[ nee'ra sp. e S S* Sp S T M ic ret end ipp sp. F F = 5 F F Sp F Moned_145_esa s p. Sp 5

a r v 1 + 1 nie t ei Pa ra lau t er bor n i e l l a sp. S P a r s t en i ip_e s sp. e p Fe . Pen t any_ar a sp 5 Thaeprp s e_r_ty e sp. = sp  % g Pp lyl e l 11_.:m sp . S S F W 5 5p 5 , sp 5 F S S s i s F Po t t $a_? tJ_4 *P- Sp S;- F Pr x l ad ius sp. 5 F S

• F
• V* Sp S F Sp* 5* F* sp S F Sp 5 F Sp
• 3 F Lp S F 5p s F 5 r Frpi_
• ame_n sp. F m- t MJ &a , 0

f. . I 1

es w w.aute e . o 1, - / c)-. / 2-88 science services division O Table 2.3-3 (Contd) 1974 1975 li76 1977 1978 Loae Lake Lake uake Lone Mic h igan Pond s M i s h iga.1 For + 5'it n a pti Fonds Michigan Pend s Mic ni gan Farid s Foec t r oc l ad i u s sp . S S F W S Sp S Sp S F S F S Sp S F FA*S iff a'j'lu_s 8P. F S Pseud.s h i r:.n.>mo s sp. . S F hben t aci t a r su s sp. F* 1anvpu s op. F Sp Sp F S F T a n2_t _a r,eu s op. S 5' W* Sp F Sp* $*F* F s

• S*F* 5 Sp 5 F Sp S F TeyJ Qed in i sp. 5 F Teydj f e s sp. F W Sp Tr 3beJy on S h S Sp Tr ic h. c l a=11us op S Tr i s s . c l .ij t u s ap S F Se f t t ia sp. =

S t enor m i r wmus sp. . Sp En1J. Lh r r onoal d4e S F Sp s Sp S F* S Sp S S S S Sp S l'n id , T4 n y pod i na e Sp S Sp S F C e r a t o pc gan i d a e A l l va 4J"ev i a sp. s .*

• S*F* Sp S* F S F cn S F Pa_1yptrv t a sp. S F*

Dolic hoW idae Sp Ephy d r id ae {pb_24 i r.a. s p . $ ' riid . Ephsdridae q s .N i tffbile sp. Sp Sc iosp id ae _S 'I d_'."

• P ' S S t ra t i >my t id aw

_L'g a_r3_*__i s sp. Ep S Sp F t est ic es sp. Sp Ta ban id ae (b ry sp. S = 4 F Sp S F Sp Tipulidae Po l meh sp . F F F Sp T_ti_o _i_ a. sp F Tr_ty! c r g sp. F Laid. Diptera . < S Cas t ropoda (Unid.) S F S L ymna ed id a e  ! vnm ed sp. . s a s F F Sp } S F S F Sp Sp Anc y l id ae Fer r is t-s sp. 5 T . s S T Amn ic o l id ae Agn i_q.Qq s p . 3 F S " 5 S F S F Sp 5 F Th s idae riv s3 s p . 5 S F = sp 3 Sp S S F = Sp S F P lano r b id ae Cyrsubs sp 9 S f . # F S F Sp 5 F S*F Sp 5 F he l l__*._?a_ s p 5 F n 5p F c* F Sp S* F Sp 5 F P r'.sen t u s sp . F = ' a F \'a l va t 134 e \ al v.it a sp. 3 I 5 Sp C,. S F Viviparidae Un iJ . Viviparid c s Elvalvia (tntJ.) S S phaer l idae F1 sid iura sp. ' f S*F e S T c- S Sp S F c, S* F Sp S F Sp S fytaertum sp. 5 F S*f*W Sp S F

• S* F* Sp S* F Sp s* F* Sp 5 F Sp* S F Sp 5 F Sp 5 F l'n ident i f ied 'nvertet r ate Eggs S*t* Sp* S 7 5 Un ident i f ied inve rt ebra t es 5 F Fish Eggs s* s Fish Larvae s S Annelidae Fgg Sp No samples in take M!chipn F r t r .u r 197 Stat ica 2. dr; , no sv ples taaen Aup s t 1477

*Do*s i na n t taxa 5p = spring (April); 5 s mer ( J ans , Au.t s t i ; F =fa i s te .e r er : - .ri - = w i r. t e r (i e' rua r ; < r 'a r d ) i 3 d O ' O' NP1 c zs b,!f4 ff t*1 p JJ f f'Id goAd'.9) . e, ;a;v/] d ur n s 4 g s N, N{l.] # g Af c, :! oi '240 2-89 science aarvices division O Table 2.3-4 Benthos occurrence (Presence / Absence) in Lake Michigan during 1978 STR SUM FAL SP2 SUM FAL LS iAXA 10 12 12 LS TAXA 12 12 12 0 CHIDAPIA (TOTAL) I ttYSIS RELICTA 12 0 H)CCCZOA 0 I!CTCD A (TOTAL) 1 HrD?A ( LPIL) 12 0 ASILLICAE 11 CC70YLorMC?A LACUSTRIS 1 1 LIRCEUS f!?IL) 2 0 NEPERTIth (TOTAL) 0 AMrHIr:0A ' QTAL) I tE'-E" TINA ( LPIL ) 1 12 0 G/* t?'!",AE (TOTAL) 0 N:t* \TCD A ( TCT AL ) 1 GA:: "U3 FASCIATUS 1 1 1 tE"ATCOA (LFIL) 12 10 12 0 HAUCTC7IIDAE O CLIOCCHAETA (TOTAL) 1 P' MTCFCPE! A AFFINIS 12 12 12 . O t:AIDIDAE C C ALEr;CCLA (TOTAL) 1 CH KTCOASTER (LPIL) 12 0 E::T C.*2:P Y IC a E 1 t:AIS ( LPIL) 1 1 E NTC:;O:" f;- (LP!L) 2 1 STYLA"IA (LPIL) 12 0 C!PTET A t :. TAT' :P A ( TOTAL) 1 NAIDIDAE (LPIL) 12 12 12 0 CED ATCTCICMIC '.E O TU3IIIC10AE  : CERATCTCTC::ICAE ( LFIL) 1 1 TL'OITICID AE ( LPIL) 12 12 12 0 CH ICO:W: TID AE M 0 t 2 CHICO:!C':US ( LPIL ) 12 1,6 1,- l T H I:!U"t 1..( .TO T~* '~ ) 2 CR FTCCHIRC" :".lS ( LPIL 3 10 12 10 $ kt b LA TACMALIS 12 12 12 2 CRICOTCPU5 ( LDIL) 12 1 1 1:E LC:2E LL A (LPIL) 12 D!CF; 'DIFES ( LPIL ) 12 6 HIFL'JI':E A ( LPIL ) 12 2 FDL)TCILUM ( LPIL) 12 1 HIRU3 D:: A (LPIL) 1 2 rPCCLADIUS ( LTIL ) 1 12 1 5 HIPU31t:E A ( LrIL) 12 CC2 W:'; URA (LFIL) 1 0 G AST::CFC0 A ( TOTAL ) 2 U I I^ I ' 0 Li*ID.c 2 NNNW(N) 1 1 LY r ".: A (LPIL) 2 2 CENE I NI U 0 HfCPCSIIDAE (:AMMICOLIDAE3 2 ttICRCPCECTF ' (LPIL) 2 1 A!:11CCLA ( LIIL) 12 12 12  : PM '.C L *.C CPE LM? (LFIL) 12 0 'TICAE F0 W,W M 6 # 1 VAL'klVATA V ( LPIL ) 2 2 2 2 O p.,". - 3 v . -- (tplt) 0 CIVALVIA (TOTAL) ' " ' ' ' * ." l'a 12 0-g 0 STMAeRIIDAE 3 CH!rC:;0MID t.E ( LFIL ) 12 3 1 STHAE"!C1 (LPILy 12 12 12 , CH I L. , ,. ,,, , .. l , ,, ,+_ , .3 O 1 PISIDICt ( LFIL ) 12 12 12 O 1 SrHAIRIICAE ( LPIL) 1 # 0 APAC"NIDA (TOTAL) LS = Life Stage O CCLFU310A 0 = Sumary Level g , 1 = Adult O 0 FPOSTIC"ATA

• d E

'S 1 III C"AC ARIN*. ( LPIL ) 1 3 = Pupae 8 0 N)SIO *CE A ( TOTAL) 5 = Imature E O tifSIDAE y Spr = Arril Sampling -g Sum = Ju: e and August Sampling J- +0 Fal = h e,7.ber Sampiing ~~ 1 hh@  % T1 j: ,y > Location 1 = Near-field Stations 1-6 and 10 gp pwe):kb{! mu nua Ah location 2 = Far-field Stations 7-9 O The nearshore pond benthic fauna was dominated throughout the year by tubificid and naidid worms, chironomids and bivalves (Table 2.3-2). The prevalent chiron-omids in the ponds during 1978 were Chironomus sp., Cryptochironomus sp., Dicro-tendi es sp., Pracladius sp., und Tanytarsus sp. (Table 2.3-3 and Table 2.3-5). The dominant bivslves during the study were as in previous years, Pisidium sp. and L_phaerium sp. Annual trends obaerved in the ponds (Figure 2.3-5) reflect the variable percent composition that has been characteristic of the pond and bog stations since the onset of field san.pling in 1974. Naidid worms displayed a much larger contribu-tion to percent ccmposition in 1978 than was observed in 1977. This naidid in-crease was concomittant with a marked decrease in Tubificidae relative abundance. Chironomids and bivalves also generally exhibited higher relative abundance in 1978 than in 1977. im CN[ 9 5 'i!FE US W5 e r 80- . a: - ..nt -s i i N.3 . iiEE. 't 1 D '

S !!bi 3 [.. - .

&c u. & e. . i&nE"E k  :. t J~ EnnnMi"E: . Isti - 'E

numis is  %.snaf i!!!E E5 7.:. . i Ns. ;

 !! d. 6-Mik:!"jh s o  ? :!E e si hOh -:-C n EEHi i.i isi munum w == ., <

iinnF

. :liiE ut. . "!mm si XM = L ^ ~ + ma m r! e W  :". c issE#!!dEEE mumm =um:: xuna... iii. . . J1:i" auw Es ",um:i u- & M!! 5^. . g f riimii!Ui!!!F"i!! Ei i';;;;;;;;in=.. d@" :E .y h P. ;a * . g r '"linnimir s insEEnsi!ESEF' lt =n + munnm!I , -umEli: iman=as=mmer - =gmstEM2 s ~ ' ::mme . . . ._+ En miE!!* "n.':"=+ r -.s-I a

• 4p HEB ERHin'"*"

6 _5_. + " - cac ,1.M ' m agga: i - -91: - ,0+E:mn g+ CQ }siis5Hi15i lERNSIEi% =$!!Ef WM./ "

ZVs $$fS$k.

 ? i: 5556 n3 CUPE TE! ! E E x N $55$$n;!!!!!' i!!l$g! Niii ir 3. + i samss"sgi hi sF.Fa h A , b) 7 2 e, '#-I , lie #3 s g;;pgggi sifi:- a;;;g, a s#fENSEsg{g;gpungg." t3C'.I ist;iiiinmGnmsi: .E:  :!sgMi!" t=rT;gt siigHiHHHH&. Ti!-. ;g "$g? CTOUx:: 'difyf ==' '!I gi giF ..g m; c i i i , , i i i i i i i i i i i i J A 0 f 4 A J A N a ' A N A J A i ' N A N 1474 ig7$ 1)76 I 197' l l a 10 a u rec-s n.u n taar [: .i wt v.i 'f 6 1 r,:. Cn MNDAE BIV AL tI A NAIDl cal h Figure 2.3-5. Percentage Composition of Important Eenthic organisms of the Interdunal Ponds in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2-93 aclence services divialon ,} ' i' Table 2.3-5 Benthos Occurrence (Presence / Absence) in Nearshore Ponds during 1978 SPR SUM FAL SPR SUM FAL LS TAXA 234 234 234 LS TAXA 234 234 234 0 CNIDARIA (TOTAL) 0 AMPHIPCDA (TOTAL) 0 HYDROZOA 0 HAUSTC7IIDAE 1 HYCRA ( LPIL) 2 234 1 FCNTOPCREIA AFFINIS 2 0 NEMERTINA (TOTAL) 0 HYALELLIDAE 1 NEMERTINA ( LPIL) 2 1 HYALELLA AZTECA 23 24 0 NEttATCDA (TOTAL) 1 HYALELLA ( LPIL) 4 3 1 NEMATCDA (LPIL) C .- 234 34 234 0 EFHEMEPOPTERA (TOTAL) 0 OLIGCCHAETA (TOTAL) 02 0 DAETIDAE 0 NAIDICAE c 10 CAETIS ( LPIL) 3 1 CHAET00 ASTER ( LP!L) 234 234 0 CAENIDAE 1 NAIDIDAE ( LPIL1 'N ' 034 234 234 10 CAENIS ( LPIL) 23 23 23 0 TUDIFICIDAE . 2.;U.h 10 ErHEMEROPTERA (LFIL) 2 1 TUDIFICIDAE ( LPIL) Tb/ 234 234 234 0 CCCNATA (TOTAL) 0 HIRUDINE A ( TOTAL) 0 LIDELLULIDAE C GLOSSIrHCNIIDAE 77 ~ '.'J 10 PACHYDIPLAX LCN3IPEtMIS 3 N ^. 7 e 1 1 HELCEDELLA STAGNALIS GLOSSIPHCNI A ( LPIL ) 2 3 10 10 LEUCCT7HINIA ( LPIL) LISELLULIDAE ( LPIL) 3 2 3 3 N CCENASRICNIDAE 1 GLOSSIPHONIIDAE ( LPIL) ff ~ h 3 0 D ERPOODELLIDAE t - .,) 10 ENALLt0MA (LPIL) 3 1 ERPOEDELLA (LPIL) 4 4 10 COENACRIONIDAE ( LPIL) 23 34 34 p,. . ~l c 0 GASTROFCD A ( TOTAL) 0 LYMNAEIDAE I; ' 10 C00 NATA (LPIL) 0 HEMIPTEPA (TOTAL) 2 1 LIMMAE A ( LPIL) E-. - ] 4 0 BELOSTCMATICAE PHYSIDAE T 10 DELC3TCMA (LPIL) 4 O 1 FHYSA ( LPIL) { . , g,) 234 34 0 COLEOPTERA ACEPHAGA (TOTAL) O PLAN 07BIDAE g' , q 0 HALIPLIDAE 1 G1R AULUS ( LPIL) i 234 34 234 2 H ALIPLUS ( LPIL ) 3 1 HELISOMA ( LPIL) .d 3 34 34 0 DYTISCIDAE e 1 PRCMENETUS C ..AJG 4 1 DiTICCID AE ( LPIL) 4 0 1 GASTROPCDA (LPIL) k 3 0 NEUCCPTERA (TOTAL) 0 3 0 BIVALVI A ( T')TAL) 0 SFHAERIIDAE [t#m,, 0 2 CCRYDALIDAE CHAULIODES 4 .[71 l 1 l SPH AERIUM ( LPIL) PISIDIUM (LPIL) f 34 4 234 4 34 0 TRICHCPTERA (TOTAL) 0 HYDIOPSYCHIDAE g 6 BIVALVIA ( LPIL1 2 2 POTAMYIA (LPIL) 3

• 0 ARACHNID A ( TOTAL) 0 H1DROPTILIDAE g

O FR0 STIGMATA 2 C7THOTRICHI A ( LPIL) 23 0 1 HYDP ACARINA ( LPIL) 2 3 34 3 09TUOTRICHI A ( LPIL ) 2 N l 0 ISOF0DA (TOTAL) O ASELLIDAE 0 2 PHRYGAMEIDAE BANKSIOLA SELINA 3 b 1 ASELLUS ( LPIL) 4 4 2 DANMSICLA CROTCHI 3 1 1 LIRCEUS ( LPIL) 4 0 LIMNEPHILIDAE E o 3 6 9 9 O Table 2.3-5 (Contd) SPR SUti FAL SPR SUM FAL LS TAXA 234 234 234 LS TAXA 234 2?+ 234 2 LIMt:EFHILIDAE ( LPIL) 4 0 CIPTERA CYCLC"RH APHA (TOTAL) O LEPTCCERIDJE O SCIC 11ZID AE O CECETIS ( LPIL) 3 2 Serf CC t ( LPIL) 4 2 TRIA ::CDES ( LPIL) 2 0 EPitC?ICAE 2 t:: CT0r$1CHE (:LEF TOCELLA)( LPIL) 0 2 2 3 EFil10?A ( LPIL) 4 0 ECTOPCCCTA (TOTAL) 2 LEPTCCE?IDAE ( LPIL) 3 0 PLU:tiTELLIDA: 0 LEPICCPTECA t1ICFOLEPICCPTERA (TCTAL II TRE0ECELLA SULTANA 2 2 LEPICOPTEPA MICIOLEFICOPTE?A (LFIL) 2 4 0 CPISTATELLIDAE O DIPTEPA t:E. \TCCEPA (TCTAL) 8 CRISTATELLA (LPIL) 3 0 TIFULID/E C FOL); .:D A (LPIL) 4 0 CEPATCPCO:NIDAE Cho-2 CLR ATC~CTONID AE ( LP!L ) 234 234 3 N2 0 CHI?CN :!IDAC CHIRONO :U3 ( LPIL) g"- Q 2 23 234 234 ( 2 i::TRICCt::MU3 ( LPIL) 4 2.* O CPYPTCCHIRCNCt:U3 ( LPIL) 2 3 ND LS = Life Stage g 2 CRICOTCPUS (LPIL) 03 23 23 Q.? [ t 0 T AtM T/.RSUS ( LPIL ) 03 034 034 CT7 1 2 = Larva j 2 DIC~0TEl:0IFES ( LIIL) 034 034 03 r,~; 3 = Pupae 0 FOLYTEDILUi1 ( LPIL) 03 034 034 10 = Nymph 0 tr L?. ES! fI A ( LPIL ) 034 03 034 , 2 0 FROCLACIU3 ( LFIL) C07)t.::: LEA ( LPIL ) 03 03 234 234 h,1h '- f Spr = April Sampling Sum = June and August Sampling 0 P/.DACHIPC::CMUS ( LPIL) 23 3 C'J y Fal = November Sampling 0 PCEUCC:HIFC:l0::L' (LPIL) 3 C 742 2 GLYPTOTENDIPES ( LPIL) 3 r .. Location 2 = Pond B (stations 17,18) 2 HAEN!CCHIA (LFIL) 4 7J[.lf lJ Location 3 = Pond C (stations 19, 20) 0 1RIC LCS ( LPIL) 3 ( Location 4 = Eowles Dog (Station 21) TAtMFU3 i LPIL) *{47 2g 0 3 Q,C/ g 0 FEECTFCCL/CIL;S ( LPIL) 23 234 2 , 2 MIC?OPOECTPA (LPIL) 3 C'Cr-U" C TM O~ g 2 P?.PAOLAOCFE LMA ( LPIL ) 2 3 0 H:TERCTRIS30CL! OIL'S 03 2 2  % O 2 Et:30CHIRCNC::US ( LPIL) 3 23 0 'y"" 2 U? NOD I!f G C A (LPIL) 2 ,_ 0 N!! OTANt FU3 ( LPIL ) 3 3 ,V ) 3 CHIR 0NO TID AE ( LFIL I 23 23 0 DIPTCPA E* 'CHYCERA (TOTAL) WD 0 TACANIDAE O 2 CHR10CIS ( LPIL) 4 W n:-CL s A.- W 2.- O 3 O 2.3.3.3 Zonation 2.3.3.3.1 Physical Zonation (Sediment Analysis). A descr13 tion of substrate O composition is essential to identify accurately the distributional mechanisms of the benthic community inhabiting a particular area. The Wentworth particle sizing analysis conducted during August 1978 indicated that the predominant size fraction throughout the lake sediments was in the 0.063 to 0.5 millimeter (silt, very fine sand and fine sand) range stable 2.3-6), which compares favorably with the predominant fraction described in the three previous years' surveys and in the literature (Hough 1935) . In terms of depth distribution, the shallow (15-foot) and mid-depth (30-foot) stations were dominated by silt to fine sand (0.063 to 0.5 millimeter) while the deepest (50-foot) stations were composed predominantly of a very fine sand / silt / clay mixture. A comparison of previous years' data (Figure 2.3-6) indicates that the lake substratum is relatively sta-ble through time as the major sediment components (fine-very fine sand) have persisted with only moderate annual variations in percent composition. In the ponds, substrate type was composed of much finer material, predominantly clay (<0.063 millimeter) mixed with very fine sand. Very coarse sand / gravel substrates were also major components of each station in the ponds (Table 2.3-6). This was also the case in the four previous survey years. In comparison with Lake Michigan, the nearshore ponds are more variable over time in terms of sub-strate composition (Figure 2.3-5). Greatest annual variability exists within the coarser components (gravel-very coarse sand). This latter trend was evident in both ponds and Cowles Bog. 2.3.3.3.2 Faunal Zonation. Benthic faunal distribution at the lake stations was closely related to both physical zonation (sediment characterization) and depth. The 50-foot contour represented by stations 3, 6 and 9 generally ex-hibited the highest density values in the study area during 1978, as it did in previous years. Sediment composition along this contour also displayed the highest percentages of very fine sand, silt and clay, a substrate condition particularly conducive to colonization and growth of dense Tubificidae and Chironomidae populations. Although shallow-water stations along the 15-foot contour also exhibit finely divided substrate characteristics, it is probable that wave action precludes the establishment of dense populations at this depth 2-94 science services division l Y 'i i O Table 2.3-6 Benthic Particle Size Analysis in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, August 1978 >4 m 2-4 m 1-2 m 0.5-1 m 0.25-0.5 m 0.125-0.25 m 0.063-0.125 m <0.063 m Gravel Very Coarse Sand Coarse Sand Medium Sand Fine Sand Very Fine Sand Silt Clay Locatioa Station NBS No. 5* NBS No. 10 NBS No. 15 NBS No. 35 NBS No. 60 NBS No. 160 NBS No. 230 NBS No. 230 Lake 1 0.00 0.10 0.09 0.89 11.66 68.99 6.71 11.55 2 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.24 23.91 62.55 8.30 4.90 3 0.33 0.00 0.06 0.56 8.57 72.62 12.76 5.11 4 0.25 0.44 0.71 0.17 9.03 71.02 11.79 6.59 5 2.55 0.31 0.48 0.98 9.03 69.77 14.12 2.74 6 0.00 0.19 0.65 0.66 6.39 53.40 21.95 16.77 7 0.47 0.68 0.45 0.78 2.89 65.71 25.59 3.44 8 9?.22 2.63 0.79 0.42 0.52 0.33 0.00 2.29 9 0.40 0 09 0.22 0.31 2.62 28.35 58.69 9.32 10 26.61 12.26 12.71 27.22 21.74 2.03 0.16 1.23 i Lake 12.38 1.67 1.63 3.22 9.64 49.48 16.01 6.39 7 Shallow 1,4,7 0.24 0.41 0.42 0.61 7.86 68.57 14.70 7.19 e Mid-Lake 2,5,8 31.92 0.98 0.46 0.55 11.16 44.22 7.47 3.31 Deep Lake 3,6,9 0.24 0.09 0.31 0.51 5.86 51.46 31.13 10.40 Pond 17** 20.92 0.45 1.95 2.21 7.88 23.39 ' 90 35.30 18** 24.96 0.23 0.74 3.16 8.80 18.59 o.55 31.97 19** 35.12 2.05 2.38 0.30 1.88 1.87 2.14 54.26 20** 12.37 0.07 0.51 2.33 11.94 25.21 3.93 43.64 21** 19.32 4.09 7.02 10.67 8.55 7.29 3.70 39.35 e 2 Pond 22.54 1.38 2.52 3.73 7.81 15.27 5.24 40.90 O S f8

• National Bureau of Standards Screen Size No. 5.

** Samples contained large amounts of organic material which collected in the No. 5 sieve. This material was not counted as part # of the sediment analysis. J. . O r m 3 O 9 d CL 'I U o gio74  ; ., m y j k'fJs, s ' ;,. . ,Jn . , .a h 'y _j U d pw' h. ~, . I? ,' . O b u i'i Od g stclutNT SITE ANALYSIS 100 N \ . N 80-70 - 2 60-3 5 50- / we E 40-U 5 5!LT 10-h s ' ') s ' X> s 974 1975 19'76 197/ f!NE SAND 90-N 80- C0 ARSE / MEDIUM SAND 70 - x \' s x' '\ GPAiEL/ 60- \ 'N x \ x s' / x\ VERY C0 ARSE SAND { . \ss - a C 5 50- ' yr s 40- , 30 - .e x - 20- N ' ,0 $ $ s s'H!s & M M ' i,,, i,'73 19'76 "" " Figure 2.3-6. Sediment Grain Size Distribution, Lake Michigan and Interdunal Ponds, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2-96 science serv!ces division T3 ,' () [- O range in most instances. The stability of benthic faunal density distribution patterns during 1974-1978 can be attributed to relatively stable substrate com-pcsition at the various depth contours. Distinct faunal zonation patterns among the ponds are not readily discernible. Similarities in substrate composition among the ponds have led to the establish-ment of relatively similar distributions of benthic invertebrates in each of the ponds. 2.3.3.4 Benthic Indicator Organisms. Biological indicators of environmental conditions are shown to be of great value in monitoring subtle changes in the aquatic ecosystem. To compare these data with some standard, Table 2.3-7 was prepared from several sources (Borror and Delong 1971, Pennak 1953, Usinger 1971, EPA 1973). The table is designed to elucidate the trophic positions, habitats, and tolerances of some of the benthic organisms described in tne vi-cinity of Bailly Generating Station. The tolerance indications presented in Table 2.3-7 are those of EPA (1973), and caution should be taken in applying and interpreting this technique in describing environmental conditions based on this indicator-organism scheme. (This scheme is simply based on an organism's tolerance or intolerance to or-ganic contamination based on descriptions found in the literature.) The three classifications used in this system are: e Tolerant, meaning frequently associated with higher levels of organic contamination e Facultative, meaning a wide range of tolerance fre-quently associated with moderate levels of organic contanination e Intolerant, meaning not found even at moderate levels of organic contamination and generally intolerant of moderate reductions in dissolved oxygen (EPA 1973) This technique is limited in that it can only provide positive evidence of clean water, and then only when intolerant forms are collected (EPA 1973). In addi-tion, the presence or absence of an organism may reflect qualities of the physi-cal environment other than contamination, including current or substrate type. Describing the faunal zonation with respect to substrate composition has hope-fully eliminated this problem. 2-97 science services division b[9 5 /! 9 Table 2.3-7 o Food, Habitats, and Tolerance Limits of Common Groups of Benthic Invertebrates Adult Immature classification Common Name Dencription Food Description Food Habitat Tolerance Hydrozoa hydra Radially synnetrical; Carnivore, feeding Bud on side Same as Sessile on rock F main body is elongated on metazoans in- of adult adults and debris cylinder with circlet cluding cladocerans, of tentacles on digi- copepods, insects, tal end and pedal disk and annelids on proximal end Turbellaria Flatworms Elongate with exterior Usually living on Similar to Same as l'nder ob- F end differentiated to dead or crushed adults adults jects or in resemble " head" eye- animal matter in- debris spot usually present cluding protozoans, on exterior end rotifers, nematodes Nenatoda Roundworms < 1 cm long; body Dettitus feeders Eggs; imma- Same as In sand, mud, F slightly tapered and and herbivorous and ture form adults debris, or round with terminal carnivorous; carni- similar to vegetation to mo u t t- posterior end vores prey on pro- adult tapers to five points tozoans, oligochaetes, f oo rotifers, and other nematodes Bryozoa Bryozoons Unit of organisms Bud (stato- Colonies occur T more or less cylindri- blast) re- on underside of F cal zooid or polypide leased to logs and stones I similar to hydra operate new or on twigs and color other objects where light is dim fg Oligochaeta Aquatic Earth-Segmented worms with length ranging from Bacteria Cocoons; similar to Same as adults Common in mud and debris or T F 3 worms 1-30 mm. Prostomium adults in masses of O projects in roof-like filamentous 4 fashion above mouth; algae g most segments have O chitinoid setae ar-2 ranged in bundles O O O O. -O ~ n . m t.,  ? e, 'o es fj M : ,: f/M p\ % ,3 m O 3 (o* < L. J. ) .  ; l v a x. . iJ{ d '1By:p []  ;~risay;~9 9 myj9) & n h d m o e e - O Table 2.3-7 (Contd) Adult Innature Classification Common Name Description Food Description Food Habitat Tolerance Hemiptera Bugs Terrest rial and semiaquat ic ; Predaceoas Eggs hatch t o Omnivorous a..J Adults terre- ~ mouth parts greatly modi- on scull nymphs similar carnivorous on strial, semi-fled to form jointed pierc- terrestrial to adult protozoans, algae aquatic, and ing sucking beak; anterine and aquatic and other aquatic aquatic (on wings leatFery at base and insects invertebrates beach areas); membranes apical nymphs aquatic around rock and vegetation Trichoptera Caddisflies Head with long, t hic klike Feeding not Eggs hatch to Omnivorous and Adults terre- F antennae, mandibles; vest- common larvae with carnivorous f eed- strial near 1 igial; two pairs of wings head and thorax ing on algae, lakes and held roof-like over body heavily scelero- higher plants, streams; larvae and covered with hairlike tized, abdomen crustaceans, under stones in setae sof t ; most annelids, and debris and vege-build protec- insect larvae tation nive cases Lepidoptera Aquatic Terrestrial butterflies Feed on Eggs hatch to Feed on algae Adults terre- F Caterpillars and moths; body and wings p l..a t s larvae having and diatoms strial; found j (butterflies covered with scales; long long elenuer along stems on arid mot hs) antennae body with blood brush or trees gills; mandi-bles are large; flattened; teeth arranged in tlat plane Coleoptera Beetles Terrestrial and aquatic; Carnivorous Eggs hatch to Carnivorous and Around stems and T small to large; forewings and herbivor- larvae having herbivorous vegetation F g modified into leathery ous well developed I o elytra head and three g well developed 3 legs on thoracic 0 O segments g ._n g ~. 2 x0 O N- 5j9 ,s i s - 4 5 @~hn mp Q f]f e. m yaso o Table 2.3-7 (Contd) Adult lumna ture Classification Common Name Description Food Description Food Habitat Tolerance Polychaeta - Head 3-5 mm long bears two large lateral lopho-phorelike structures hav-ing long tentacles; paired eyes near midline. Hirudinea Leeches Segmented; dorso-ventrally Parasites on Cocoons; Same as In varin pro- T flattened body having oral fish or cru- similar to adults tected shalloss F and caudal sucker; usually staceans or adults where plants, one or more eyespots snails, chiro- stones, and de-nomids, and bris afford con-oligochaetes cealment Cladocera Water Fleas 0.2-3.0 mm long with tho- Bacteria, Eggs carried Same as Littoral and F racic and abdominal re- algae, pro- by adult; adults limnetic and gion covered by carapace; tozoa, and young similar in aquatic head has large compound organic to adult vegetation eyes detritus to h CD Copepoda - Elongated body 0.3-3.2 mm and divided into head Protoz oans algae, and Eggs hatch to to nauplius Similar Limnetic; bottom to adults debris and sand F O thorax and abdomen head organic debris- forms; meta- and in fused with first two seg- morphosis some 4n-ments of thorax; five development stances pairs of appendages parasitic on fish Ostracoda Seed Shrimp Body 1-3 mm long covered Bacteria, molds Fggs hatch to Similar In algae, decay- F by opaque bivalve shell algae, and fine to nauplius; to adults ing vegetation, T detritus metemorphosis rooted aquatics, 9 deve lopmen t mud and gravel O where there is O little current 3 0 Isopoda Aquatic Body 5-20 mm long and Scavengers Eggs hatch to Similar Hide under rocks, T g , Sow Bug strongly flattened dorso- feeding on to forms to adults vegetation, and F g ventrally; six pairs of live-dead similar to detric 1 abdomen appendages animals and adults Q g plants p _; i 7 w w {f. O M JG;

• 3 r l Ut' M

-J . %m/\ n r, ) , h(O, e , , , -/  ! *4 i W bdi ?!.!;L  % ag '3filf)f G O G Tabic 2.3-7 (Contd) k As Incature Clasr if ic at 'on Common Na.e Description Food Desc r ipt ion Food Habitat Tolerance Amphirada Scuds body 5-20 mm long, lat- Omniverous Eggs hatch to Similar Hid" under rocks, F erally compr ssed, and scavengers forms similar to adults vegetation, and consisting of cephalo- to adult debris thoracic segments, 6-segner.ted abdomen , and small terminal telson Hydracarina W ter Mites Appear to te minute Carnivorous Eggs hatch to f'a r a s i t ic On algae, decey- I spiders feeding on lasval forms on ether ing vegetation, vorms and small aquatic and rooted insects insects aquamics such as plecopterans, odonates, dip-terans, and hemir-Nymph similar teran immature farms, to adult same as adults f4 i Ephemeroptera Mayflies 'ted ium- s i z ed terrestrial None Eggs hatch to - Adult terrestrial, F H usually clinging I o insects with delicate have clongated H many-veined, transparent bodies, larvae to vegetation; wing; held vertically when head; well de- nymph in water at rest veloped mandibu- under stones and late mouth parts, in vegetation; may stout legs; larvae, burrow in mud or ionpound eyes and debris large lateral or dorsal gills on abdominal segment s W O Odonata Dragonflies Medium-large insects Predaceoe sn Eggs hatch Predaceous Adults terrestrial F g and Damsel - having long slender mosquiNes, to aquatic on other nymphs aquatic I 3 f!i< abdomen and two pairs gnats, and nymphs; body aquatic on submerged O of long, narrow, net- other pests robust or insects vegetation and on O veined wings; head rough and and small rocks in sand or mobile and bearing large bears spines: fish silt compound eyes large labium O-O a De a 'f Y p - w, : 1.;i f ,n:s, ,, in. ,n, . s p s ~~ Y t  ?: f 3 fl"u, da)ug, w v ::a:[ip .: m O The identified organisms -- most of which are Chironomidae, Tubificidae, or Naididae -- are listed by the EPA (EPA 1973) as tolerant or faculative and are so classified here. These organisms reflected the broadest representation in the ponds during this survey and are indicative of a more nutrient-rich state in the ponds than in the lake. Certain other taxa (i.e., Hydracarina, Hyellela azteca, and some of the Ephemeroptara) are forms termed facultative to intolerant of pollution. Fhny of the forms just described are present in both the lake and ponds. It is therefore thought that the lake can be classified as relatively oligotrophic (based on numbers of organisms intolerant to pollution), while the ponds con-tain greater loads of decomposable organic material. Water quality data and data from other flora and fauna further substantiate this description. 'ihe benthic data from this study indicate that, although the area in the vicinity of Station 10 (discharge) may be adversely affected by the discharge through scouring, the Bailly Generating Station does not contribute significantly to eutrophication in this area. 2.3.3.5 Benthic Statistical Analysis O 2.3.3.5.1 Lake Michigan. Total benthic macroinvertebrate densities of Lake Michigan were subjected to an analysis of variance. In order to stabilize variance, the data values were logarithmically transformed. Months (seasons) were considered as random effects and stations as fixed effects. A complete description of statistical analysis methodology is presented in subsection 2.1.3.3, Phytoplankton. The summary analysis appears on the following page and is tabulated with significant F-statistics marked with an asterisk (a = >0.05). Across-year comparisons reflected the relatively stable temporal density dis-tribution described previously, as no significant differences among years wet. observed. Significant differences were observed among the 1975-1978 mean den-sities at each of the stations. Newman Keul's multiple range test results illustrate which stations are significantly dif ferent. A horizontal bar drawn beneath the station numbers, as shown below, indicates those stations that are not statistically dif ferent from one another: O 2-102 solonco sorwices division - tl l [UO O Lake Station Numbers: 10 9 7 4 1 2 8 5 3 6 Group Similarities: Density Distribution: lowest highest 1978 ANOVA Results Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value Months 3 18.1 7.10* Stations (1-10) 9 154.9 5.49* S ta tions (10 vs 1-9) 1 107.1 34.20* Stations Row (linear contour) 1 27.6 8.80* Row (quadratic contour) 1 2.7 0.37 Column 2 6.8 1.08 Row x column 4 10.8 0.86 Station x raonth 27 84.6 3.68* Replication 40 34.0 - 1975-1978 Across-Year ANOVA Results Years 3 92.5 3.01 Month 3 128.7 4.20* Station 9 359.4 6.00* Years x month 9 92.0 10.16* Years x station 27 282.9 1.84* Month x station 27 179.7 1.17 Month x station x year 81 462.3 5.67* Replication 160 161.0 -- a = > 0. 05 Months and stations were a significant source of variation during 1978. For most stations, November densities were higher than in other months; and, in most months, Station 10 reflected significantly lower density. Significant differ-ences were not observed among stations 1 through 9; however, densities generally increased with depth (significant row effect). ) The sirnificant station x month in;eraction indicates spatial patterns of density werc different from month to month. rO d$75 Ji / 2 103 .... O 2.3.3.5.2 Ponds and Bog. Analysis of variance was performed on total benthos density. The data values were logarithmically transformed to help stabilize variances. In the analysis of variance, months (seasons) were considered ran-dom ef fects and stations were considered fixed. The summary analysis-of-variance table for benthos density appears below with significant (a = >0.05) F-statistics marked with an asterisk: 1978 ANOVA Results Degrees Source of Variation of Freedom Sum of Squares F-Value Months 3 49.4 23.23* Stations (17-21) 4 41.7 2.15 Pond B (17 vs 18) 1 21.96 4.52 Pond C (19 vs 20) 1 1.42 0.29 Pond B vs Pond C 1 13.98 2.88 Ponds vs Bog 1 4.3 0.89 Station x month 12 58.27 6.85* Replication 20 14.18 -- O 1975-1978 Across-Year ANOVA Results Years 3 135.6 9.89* Month 3 31.7 2.31 Station 4 31.3 2.78* Years x month 9 41.2 6.61* Years x station 12 33.9 1.19 Month x station 12 33.5 1.17 Month x station x year 36 85.7 3.44* Replication 80 55.4 - Results from 1978 data analysis indicate that only seasonal density variations were a significant source of variation. No significant spatial differences be-tween stations were observed. Significant interactions resulted from low den-sities at Station 17 relative to the other stations. Cross-year comparisons reflected the dynamic nature of this system as annual population fluctuations were a significant source of variation. Densities in the ponds were generally h uniform from 1976 through 1978 with the 1975 densities significantly higher. 2-104 , ,- a b : 'i e O ^ Year x month and month x station x year interactions were also found signifi-cant; however, seasonal (month) across years was not a significant source of variation. Stations were significantly different with the density at Station 17 significantly lower than the density at Station 21. Pond Stations Numbers: 17 19 20 18 21 Croup Similarities: Density Distribution: lowest highest. n 53U 2-105 science services division O 2.4 AQUATIC K\CROPilYTES 2.

4.1 INTRODUCTION

. One of the indicators of change in water quality within an aquatic ecosystem is a change in the aquatic plant community. Changes in both the micro (phytoplankton and periphyton) and nucro (aquatic nacrophyte) forms are observable. Considerably more information has been generated on en-vironmental tolerances of the microforms, but there also exists a growing data base on tolerances of the larger aquatic macrophytes. With this data base in mind, a study of the submerged and floating macrophytes was conducted in Pond B, Pond C, and Cowles Bog in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area during 1978. 2.4.2 METHODOLOGY . During the 1978 sampling, aquatic macrophytes were collected at all pond sampling locations. Pond B samples were taken in the vicinity of stations 17 and 18, Pond C in the vicinity of stations 19 and 20, and Cowles Bog in the vicinity of Station 21. At each of these locations, representative specimens were collected using a 9-inch by 9-inch dredge at five randomly selected points along a 250-foot transect. The transects were as close as possible to those of 1975, 1976, and 1977. Extent of coverage was ll estimated qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data were described in the following terms: e Scattered individuals (or patches) e Uncommen (or relatively uncommon) e Common (or common in certain areas) e Very common e Dominant Extent of coverage was estimated also in terms of grams dry weight per 81 square inches of sampler. With this sampling technique, comparisons will be avail-able for future use. Table 2.4-1 presents the results. 2.4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Summer 1978 macrophyte composition was similar to that of previous years. Some of the less common forms were missed because of the quantitative sampling technique employed in 1978. However, sampling yielded the same dominant and/or common species as in previous years -- g bullhead lily (Nuphar sp.), bladderwort (Utricularia sp.), pondweed (Potamogeton 2-106 science services division

                                                                             .n

O sp.), and watermilfoil (Myriophylltra sp. ) (Table 2.4-1). As in previous years, the area in and around Cowles Bog was characterized by a predominance of emergent species. Table 2.4-1 Macrophyte Composition, Bailly Study Area, June 1978 Density location Corron Name Scientific Name Relative Abundance (gm/81 in.2) Pond B Smartweed Polygonum pennsylvanicum Uncomon 3.5 Pickerel weed Pontederia cordata Scattered specimens 1.5 Pondweed Potamogeton natans Very comon 30.1 Watermilfail Myriophyllum sp. Dominant 60.5 Bullhead lily .Nuphar sp. Dominant 45.0 Duckweed Lemna minor Comon 0.02 Pond C Bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris Dominant 384.5 Bullhead lily Nuphar sp. Dominant 270.7 Smartweed Polygonum pennsylvanicum Uncomon 3.5 Pickerel weed PontederIa cordata Scattered specimens 1.5 Duckweed Emna minor Comon 0.07 Cuwles Bog Watennilfoil Myricphyllum sp. Comon 6.0 Duckweed Lenna minor Very comon 1.0 Coontail Ceratoph 11um diversum Comon 5.0 Cattail 4 tycha lattfoTia Dominant 60.0 Bladderwort Otricularia vulga is Dominant 42.0 Bullhead lily Nuphar sp. Comon 5.0 Arrow arum Peltandra virginica Scattered specimens 0.6 Diagrams of some of the common macrophytes counted or seen within the ponds are shown in Figure 2.4-1, and a key to the common nearshore pond flora is provided in Table 2.4-2.

                                                * /

W E7m nro J! / (JU 2-107 science services division

g 7

                                                                                          \'

N 1 4 1 i Ng

                ,j
                                           .                        I I

l Peltandra virginica i I (Arrow arum) Pontoderia cordata (Pickerel weed)

          #                                                                                                      9 Typha latifolia (Ca t ta il )

W Potamogeton natans {'{* (Pondweed) y pk. V

        ..J6-                      '('s.  'R -         Ceratophyllum demersum                n
       ,75d0 s

f3 i. (Coontail ) ,t 4 s 4

                               %                                                  ' ~

z. Brasenia schreberi [ ~ (Water shield) n -< r, ,

                                                                                                       ']

L 'j / Figure 2.4-1. Some Common Macrophytes Found in Pond Areas in Vicinity of Bailly Study Area (after Hutchinson 1975) 2-108 science services division

O Table 2.4-2 A Generalized Key to the Concon Nearshore Pond Macrophyte Flora Collected in the Bailly Study Area A. Free floating, without roots cc with roots pendant in water. I. At surface, upper part of plant ordinarily dry. Lemnaceae - Lemna minor (duckweed) II. Below surf ace, plant entirely subcerged, floating at mid-depths.

a. Leaves capillary with traps (utricularids)

Lentibulariaceae - Ul icularia (bladderwort)

b. Leaves capill3ry in whorls, without traps, roots absent but stems sometimes become buried (ceratophyllids).

Ceratophyllaceae - Ceratophyllum (coontail)

8. Rooted in sediment (rhizophytes)

I. Part of vegetative structure emerging above water for most of year.

a. Elongate emergent stems with long cylindrical or narrow flat leaves.

Sparaganiaeae Sparganium (bur-reed) Cyperaceae Carex (sedge) Dulichium arundinaceum (3-way sedge) Eleocharis (spike rush) Scirpus (bulrush) Typhaceae Typha (cattail)

b. Leaf-bearing stem emerging well above water with air leaves that are usually lanceolate, elliptical, or compound above water.

Polygonaceae Polygonum (smartweed) Haloragaceae Proserpinata (mermaid-weed)

c. Foliose, petiole extending above water so that the leaf rather than the whole shoot is emergent; flower stalk or inflorescence ordinarily emerges above water; emergent leaf cordate, sagittate, or lanceo' te.

Pontederiaceae Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed) Araceae Peltandra virginica (arrow arum) II. Leaves, or at least some of them, floating but not usually emergent.

a. Floating leaves cordate, circular, or elongate-oblong.

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea (water lily) Nuphar (water lily) Cabombaceae Brasenia (water-shield)

b. Floating leaves lanceolate Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton (pondweed)

III. Plant, except flower or inflorescence, submerged, percnnially or curing most of the growing season.

a. Vittate, long stems or creeping rhizomes with long flexible branches.

(1) Small leaves Hydrocharitaceae Elodea (waterweed) (2) Leaves negriophyllard, greatly divided Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum (milfoil) U

b. Stem very short, leaves in a rosette.

Hydrocharitaceae Vallisneria (eelgrass) 2-109 science services division

O 2.5 FISHERIES STUDIES 2.5.1 ItTERODUCTION. The fish community comprises one of the more impor-tant components of the Lake Michigan aquatic system both from an ecological and public viewpoint. Fish represent the higher consumer levels in the aquatic eco-system and provide the basis for the sport and commercial fishing industries. Additionally, fish are excellent indicators of aquatic environmental quality, since changes in environmental conditions often effect changes in the resident fish community. Typically, fish communities inhabiting a disturbed portion of a water body may differ in some respects (i.e., species composition, growth rates and condition, incidence of parasitism / disease) from the fish community in an un-disturbed area with similar habitat. The objective of the fisheries portion of the ongoing NIPSCo Bailly Generating Station study is to obtain baseline data on the fish community in potentially disturbed (experimental) and undisturbed (control) nearshore areas of Lake Michigan in the vicinity of an existing fossil-fueled electric generating plant and a planned nuclear-fueled electric generating plant. These baseline data are being used to evaluate changes, if any, in the Lake Michigan nearshore ffsh com- h munity within and outside an area potentially affected by the combined thermal discharges of these two plants, as well as fish community changes in a natural pond (Pond B) potentially affected by water acepage from existing ash-settling basins. This subsection represents the fifth in a series of fishery study re-ports characterizing the ecology of the nearshore Lake Michigan fishery in the study area and the fish community inhabiting Pond B. Adult and juvenile iish samples were collected in Lake Michigan and Pond B dur-ing April, June, August, and November 1978 to determine species occurrence, com-position and spatial / temporal distribution, as well as condition and degree of external parasitic infestation. Additionally, food habits were determined for a number of important species (spottail shi ar, salmonids [ salmon and brown trout combined], alewife, yellow perch, gizzard shad, and carp). Similar de-terminations (except food habits) were performed on fish samples collected in Pond B. Fish eggs and larvae samples were collected in Lake Michigan to evalu-ate the extent and temporal / spatial distribution of spawning both within and F

1) /

2O 2-110 science services division

O outside the potentially thermally affected areas. Subsequently, these data were compared with the extant fishery data base (Texas Instruments 1975, 1976c, 1977, and 1978a) in order to discern possible changes, if any, in the resident fish community. 2.5.2 METHODOLOGY. Adult and juvenile fish samples were collected in near-shore Lake Michigan control and experimental stations with experimental gill nets and beach seine; Pond B samples were collected by backpack electrofishing. All captured fish were identified, counted, weighed (grams), and measured for total length (millimeters), and examined for external parasites. Young-of-the-year fish and smaller species were immediately preserved and 1cter taken to the lab-oratory for length and weight measurements while larger fish were processed in the field. 2.5.2.1 Experimental Gill Nets. The experimental gill nets were 91.4 meters (300 feet) long, 3.0 meters (10 feet) deep and contained six 15.2-meter (50-foot) panels, ranging from 25.4 to 88.9 millimeters (1.0 to 3.5 inches) square mesh measured from knot to knot. Gill nets were set perpendicular to the shore across the 4.6-meter (15-foot) depth contour at stations 4 and 7 (Figure 2.0-1) during each sampling month. Generally, the nets were set in late afternoon and re-trieved the following morning. The nets were anchored at each end with concrete blocks attached to the lead-lines and buoyed with polyethylene floats attached to the floatlines. 2.5.2.2 Beach Seine. Shore-zone samples were collected during daylight at stations 23, 24, and 25 (Figure 2.0-1) during each sampling month with a 15.2-meter (50-foot) long, 1.2-meter (4-foot) deep beach seine having 3.1-millimeter (0.125-inch) square mesh webbing. Samples were taken by wading to a depth of 0.9 meter (3 feet), drawing the seine parallel to the shoreline, and hauling both ends of tt; net simultaneously shoreward. Caution was exercised to ensure that the net was stretched its entire length and that the leadline was hauled slightly ahead of the floatline. Following net retrieval, samples were con-centrated in the center of the seine, removed, and immediately preserved in 10-percent buf fered formalin. bh 2-111 science services division

O 2.5.2.3 Electrofishing Unit. A Coffelt Model BP-2 backpack electrofishing unit was used to collect duplicate electrofishing samples in April and August g at pond stations 17 and 18 (Figure 2.0-1). The duplicate samples were of 5-minute duration each. The fish collected during each sample were bagged sep-arately and immediately preserved in 10-percent buffered formalin. 2.5.2.4 Benthic Pump. Ichthyoplankton samples were taken immediately above the substrate using a Gorman-Rupp water pump with reinforced neoprene intake and discharge hoses during daylight at stations 4 and 7 in April, June, and November 1978. The stream of water from the pump was directed into a conical hoop net with 80-micron mesh size netting, suspended in the water column. Fish eggs and larvae contained in the volume of water strained in 15 minutes (3.41 cubic meters) constituted a single sample, and four samples were collected at each station. Fish egg and larvae samples were stained with Lugol's iodine and rose bengal solutions and preserved in 4-percent buf fered formalin. Fish eggs and larvae were removed from the samples and identified and enumerated under magnification using standard freshwater identification keys and other relevant literature. 2.5.2.5 Hgep Net. Zooplankton samples (Section 2.2) netted during daylight at stations 1 ti rough 10 also were examined for fish eggs and larvae during each sampling month. Fish eggs and larvae were removed from each sample and iden-tified and enumerated. 2.5.2.6 Food Habits. Food habits of 50 individuals (25 juveniles and 25 adults) of each selected species (alewife, yellow perch, spottail shiner, carp, gizzard shad, and all salmonids [ salmon and trout combined]) were determined from fish collected by gill net and beach seine. Smaller fish were injected with buffered formalin to halt gastric digestion and preserved whole; only the stomachs of larger fish were preserved. Stomach contents we.e teased out into a petri dish and the food items identified to the lowest practical taxon and enumerated. Quantitative data were used to determine each taxon's frequency of occurrence and percentage with respect to total number of organisms counted. Qualitative estimates of stomach fullness (s ; c') . " O .) 2-112 science services division

O and degree of digestion were also recorded for each fish examined. To more accurately represent each food item's importance, percent estimated importance (Importance Index) was determined by multiplying the individual percentage vol-ume of each food item by the percent fullness of each individual stomach; thus, a food organism representing 60 percent of the volume in a stomach would be rated at 42 percent in a 70 percent full stomach (i.e., 0.60 x 0.70 = 0.420). The percent estimated importance values of all food items encountered in each species were added together, and each food item's in.portance was expressed as a percentage of the total food values in all stomachs. 2.5.2.7 Data Analysis. Catch per unit effort (C/f) was the principal cri-terion used to determine spatial and temporal distribution patterns of fish and was defined for gill net catches as the number of fish collected in a single overnight gill net set and for beach seines as the number of fish collected per seine haul. Catch per unit effort was tabulated for each species and an average value calculated for various time periods (i.e., month, year, study to date) and for each sampling location. Condition factors (Lagler 1956) were calculated for individual fish using the equation K= L3 where K = condition factor W = weight in grams L = length in millimeters Additionally, monthly and yearly averages were calculated for each species. Densities (number per cubic meter) of each ichthyoplankton taxon collected by zooplankton hoop net and epibenthic pump were calculated for each sample using the following equation:

• s Density of eggs or larvae of taxa = -

r ' O' ') /$ ;i 1l ; Lv 2-113 acience services division

O wi.e re x = number of eggs or larvae of taxa within aliquot analyzed f = total volume of aliquot s = volume of sample v = total volume of lake water sampled Mean densities of eggs attd/or larvae of individual taxa were calculated for each set of four replicate samples collected at each station using the follow-ing equation: Mean density of eggs or larvae , (d1 + d, + d3 ... dx) of taxa at a specific location r where d = density of eggs or larvae of taxa in an individual replicate r = numbec of replicates 2 . 5 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2 e.3.1 d ecies Composition., Twelve species were identified f rom the 3353

.ish collected in the Bailly Study Area during 1978 (Table 2.5-1). In general, the species composition observed in 1978 samples was similar to the composition observed in 1977 catches; however, some differences were noted. Although carp, white sucker and shorthead redhorse were collected in low numbers during 1977, these species were not taken during 1978. Conversely, rainbow smelt and channel catfish were collected during 1978 but not during 1977.

Alewife was the dominant fish (72.1%) collected by gill net at Lake Michigan stations during 1978, and spottail shiner (93.3%) comprised the majority of the beach seine catch. Other abundant species taken by these gear included lake trout, yellow perch, coho salmon, and brown trout. Black bullhead was the only fish species collected in Pond B during the 1978 study period. O science a 2-114 Ic9s divia )nU fl / w

Table 2.5-1 Comon and Scientific Names of Fish Collected in Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 o "d** ttay 1974- fla r 1975- !1ar 1976- ttir 1977- Mar 1978-Comon Scientific Feb 1975 Feo 1976 Feb 1977 Feb 1978 Feb 1979 Herrings Clupeidae Alewife Alosa pseudoharenous X X X X X Gizzard shad DorosomacegdVnW X - X X X

                     . Trouts and Salron           Salmonidae Crom trout                   Salmo trutta                         X           X          X           X        X
              ..h .      Steelhead trout              5. nairdneFT                         X           X          -           X        X
               .-   /    Lake trout                   Salvelinus riamaycush                X           X          X           X        X j;         Chinook salron               D'richorhyncus tshWy~tscha           X           X          X           X        X P           .'          Coho salunn                  DT lisut W ~                         X           X          X           X        X
               .SC.. Lake whitefish               Coregonus clupeiformis               X           -          -           -        -

e C. 7 E) Smelts Painbow smelt Osmeridae Osmerus mordax X - X - X N t;udninnows Unt ridae CN ' i~" Central mudminnow** Umbra limi X - - - - G C .- 7 H p y -' Minnows and Carps Cyprinidae g^,^- Emerald shiner Notropis antherinoides X X - - - [ Spottail shiner ti. hifsonius X X X X X hf"1.9

                                                                -~

Carp Cypr'inus Eirpio. X X X X -

m. C/

COQ Suckers Catostomidae U N. White sucher Catostor'us corrorsoni - X - X - d d].g Shorthead redhnrse

                                                                        ~

ftonostoma macroV pTdotum - - - X - kkw gjr Freshw3ter catfish Ictaluridae Channel catfish Ictalurus - X - - X

           *W            Black bullhead               I. melis~ punctatus                  X           X          X           X        X 8               Sunfish                      Centrarchidae E                 Bl uen il l * *

• Lepomis macr ochirus -

X X - - Green sunfish ** l . cyanellus X

      !O Pack t' ass                  hrbl ojil i Gs ~rupest r is          -

X - - - g Perch Perc ida e e Yellow perch Perca flavescens

                                                            ~

X X X X X 2- . g Anerican Fishery Society. 1970. Spec. Pub. No. 6, 3rd ed. p ** Taken only in nearshore ponds. 1 Taken in nearshore pond and in Lake flichiaan. 8 o 3

O 2.5.3.2 Gill Net Sampling. Gill net sampling accounted for 799 of the 3353 fish collected during 1978 in the study arec (Table 2.5-2). Alewife was the dominant species collected, followed by lake trout, yellow perch, coho sal-mon, and brown trout. During 1977, yellow perch was the dominant species col-1ected, followed in abundance by chinook salmon, alewife and lake trout. This apparent shift in species composition was due primarily to larger catches of alewives and lake trout during 1978 than during 1977. Typically, apparent shifts in species composition during previous study years (1974-1977) were re-lated to fluctuations ir, alewife and salmonid populations. State and federal fish stocking programs . gely govern the size of salmonid populations in the study area, while alewife population levels may still be adjusting, following their relatively recent (1949) invasion of Lake Michigan and the salmonid in-troductions designed to curb their population levels Table 2.5-2 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978

• P No.

Corron Name No.  % No. No. No. t  ! Alewife 68 17.9 285 54.8 123 66.E 18 15.0 576 72.1 Brown trout 11 2.9 9 1.7 7 3.8 2 1.7 23 2.9 Carp 4 1.1 4 0.8 3 1.6 5 4.2 - - Channel catfish - - 2 0.4 - - - - 1 0.1 Chinook salmon 14 3.7 2 0.4 2 1.1 29 24.2 14 1.8 Coho salmon 2 0.5 47 9.0 1 0.5 8 6. '/ 23 2.9 Gizzard shad 1 0.3 - - 1 0.5 1 0.8 2 0.2 Lake trout 1 34 35.3 53 10.2 5 2.7 16 13.3 110 13.8 Lake whitefish 1 0.3 - - - - - - - - Rainbow smelt 1 <0.1 - - 1 0.5 - - 6 0.7 Rock bass - - 1 0.2 - - - - - - Shorthead redhorse - - - - - - 2 1.7 - - Steelhead trout 37 9.7 3 0.6 - - 1 0.8 8 1.0 White sucker - - 2 0.4 - - 1 0.8 - - Yellow perch 103 28.4 112 21.5 41 22.3 37 30.8 36 4.5 Total 381 - 520 - 184 - 120 - 799 - The total gill net catch (all species combined) was higher during 1978 than dur-ing previous years (1974-1977) (Table 2.5-3). Gill net catches were highest in April and lowest in June. Higher spring gill net catches were also noted during 1975, 1976, and 1977, and probably were a result of inshore spawning activities of some species (yellow perch, alewife) and nearshore movements of salmon and trout. 2-116 science services division

                                                                                             !                   /

_ ,,/

O Table 2.5-3 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Catch (All Species Combined) Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date Ca tc h Catch Catch Sampl es C/f 1974 Pa f 26 9 46 55 2 27.5 Jun 15 7 22 2 11.0 Jul 72 31 111 2 56.5 Auo 3 f, 9 2 4.5 ntac 2a as 72 2 36.0 Oct 21 al 21 C1 2 m. 5 Nov 1" 37 12 43 2 24.5 Total fish 20' 173 3El Total s> roles 7 7 14 C/f 29.7 24.7 2/.2 1973

                %r                    *               *

• 0

                 *pr 17           157             1 34       2T             2    142.0 my 2?               13              1E        29            2     'd.5 Jun !1              35              19        5:           2      c/.0 Aaa                 26              20        SE            2     23.0
                '; o v '            Ge              33        17           2      45.5 TcN i fish            2:. 3          237         527 Tital sr ples             5              5                    10 C/f                     5E.F           47.4                           52.0 1976 "cr 7              o?              42        124           2      E2.0

@ J;n f Aa: 12 5 0 2? 9 14 37 2 2 7.0 18.5

                *. cv 10              7              2          9          2        4.5 Total fish             In3              31        1E4 Total saroles             4              4                     E C/f                     23.'            20.3                           23.0 197/

anc 14 3s 33 E9 2 34.0 Jun 11 7 a 11 2 S.5 Aug 2E 21 17 33 2 19.0 Nov 23 1 2 3 2 1.5 Total fish C4 56 123 Total s3 roles 4 3 C/f 16.0 14.. 15.0 1978 Apr 21 30' 255 6E3 2 281.5 Jun 17 33 26 69 2 34.5 Jun 21 E7 12 73 2 39.5 Nov 19 43 43 ^3 2 44,0 Tctal fish OE3 33E 799 Total s3rples a 4 8 C/f 115 o E4.0 99.9 1974-197E Tctal fish 1121 cB3 2004 Tctal sa ,nlos 24 24 48 C/f 4E.7 36.3 41.8 I o U dUh dunudahldL 2-117 science services division

                                                                  <     . O l               t

O Spatial distribution during 1978 (Table 2.5-3) was characterized by higher catch-per-unit-effort (115.8) at the warm-water station (Station 4) than at the down lake control station, Station 7 (84.0). Previous years data and 1974-1978 catch-per-unit-effort (C/f) values were also higher at Station 4, indicating that fish prefer this area over the area at Station 7. 2.5.3.3 Beach Seine Sampling. Beach seine sampling during 1978 produced 2532 fish comprising five species (Table 2.5-4). Spottail shiners and alewives were the dominant species collected; one species, rainbow smelt, was previously unreported in beach seine samples. Numbers of fish collected by beach seine dur-ing 1978 were considerably higher than the numbers collected during 1977 but lower than total catches for 1974 and 1976. Previopsly, species composition, although not strictly comparable because of reduced sampling frequency in 1975, had shifted from a shore-zone community dominated by alewife and spottail shiner during 1974, 1975 and 1976 to a community dominated primarily by spottail shiner and yellow perch during 1977. The return to a spotta11 shiner and alewife-dom-inated community during 1978 was due primarily to substantial increases in the catch for these two species and was probably not related to Bailly Generating Station operation or Bailly Nuclear-1 construction activities. Table 2.5-4 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 No. No. No. No. " No. " Alewife 1762 84.0 1232 32.2 2033 51.2 1 0.4 140 5.5 Bluegill - - 1 0.1 6 0.2 - - - - Brown trout 12 0.6 - - - - - - - - Chinook salmon 10 0.5 5 0.1 - - 3 1.2 7 0.3 Emerald shiner 1 <0.1 3 0.1 - - - - - - Gizzard shad 4 0.2 - - - - - - - - Spottail shiner 282 13.5 2563 67.0 1928 48.6 220 89.8 2361 93.3 Steelhead trout 1 <0.1 - - - - - - - - White Sucker - - - - - - 1 0.4 - - Yellow perch 19 0.9 21 0.5 - - 20 8.2 16 0.6 Rainbow smelt - 8 0.3 Total 2091 - 3825 - 3967 - 245 - 2532 - 2-118 aclence services divialon T_ 'l

O f Beach seine catches were highest during June (775.3) and were dominated by sub-adult fish. Highest beach seine catches during previous years (1974-1976) oc-curred during August and were dominated by young-of-the-year fish. Zero or extremely low seine catches have occurred during April sampling since 1975; this trend continued during April 1978. Spatial distribution of total catch (all species combined) during 1978 was characterized by high catches at Station 24 (experimental or warm-water sta-tion) and low catches at Station 23 (control station) (Table 2.5-5). During most of the previous years (1974-1977), yearly catch values were usually higher at Station 24. However, higher catches usually varied by sample date from Sta-tion 24 to 25, indicating that fish may prefer the area of one beach seine sta-tion over the other during certain times of the year. 2.5.3.4 Electr^ fishing. Electrof f shing in Pond B during 1978 produced 22 black bullhead (Table 2.5-6), the species that dominated each of the pre-vious years collections except during 1974, when qualitative dip net samples documented the presence of central mudminnow and green sunfish. The 22 black bullhead collected during 1978 ranged from 86 to 125 millimeters in total length, and had a mean condition factor of K = 1.25 (Table 2.5-16, subsection 2.5.4.1.4). Previous data have shown that the black bullhead is common and in apparent good health in this pond (TI 1977). 2.5.3.5 Ichthyoplankton. Alewife and cyprinid (probably carp) eggs and alewife and percid (yellow perch or johnny darter) larvae were the only fish eggs and larvae identified f rom Bailly area ichthyoplankton net samples col-1ected during 1978 (Tables 2.5-7 through 2.5-10). Alewife eggs and larvae have been the dominant ichthyoplankton collected during previous years, but this was the first year that Cyprinidae eggs have been identified from Bailly area ichthy-oplankton net samples. Alewife egg densities in 1978, an indication of alewife spawning in the Bailly area, were slightly higher than 1974, 1975, and 1977 con-centrations but were lower than densities found in 1976 samples (Table 2.5-7). Alewife ?ggs were collected only in June 1978, a month when peak egg densities were collected during previous years; concentrations were higher at stations 1, 2, and 7 than at other sampling locations. SClenCO ServlCes divlslon g,n -- e / _ s

O Tabic 2.5-5 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Catch (All Species Combined) Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25 Total Total Date Catch Catch Catch Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 24 8 82 0 90 3 30.0 Jun 28 0 14 0 14 3 4.7 Jul 2 77 4 61 540 3 180.0 Aug 26 1 738 102 841 3 280.3 Sep 21 0 0 10 10 3 3.3 Nov 7 233 20 0 253 3 84.3 Nov 7 329 14 0 343 3 114.3 Total fish 573 945 573 2091 Total samples 7 7 7 21 C/f 81.9 135.0 81.9 99.6 1975 riar 27 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Apr 17 1 0 0 1 3 0.3 flay 15 102 0 50 152 3 50.7 Jun 13 214 595 12 821 3 273.7 Aug 8 497 991 1363 2851 3 950.3 Nov 2 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Total fish 814 1586 1825 3825 Total samples 6 6 6 18 C/f 135.7 264.3 237.5 212.5 1976 Apr 10 1 0 0 1 3 03 Jun 8 7 1596 31 1634 3 54t.7 Aug 11 0 638 lE98 2331 3 77' 0 Nov 16 0 1 0 1 3 .3 Total fish 8 2235 1724 3967 Total samples 4 4 4 12 C/f 2.0 558.8 431.0 330.6 1977 Apr 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Jun 10 2 19 2 23 3 7.7 Aug 26 8 39 172 219 3 73.0 Nov 20 0 1 2 3 3 1.0 Total fish 10 59 176 245 Total samples 4 4 4 12 C/f 2.5 14.8 44.0 20.4 1978 Apr 18 0 0 0 0 3 0.0 Jun 16 32 2276 18 2326 3 775.3 Aug 10 8 47 87 142 3 47.3 Nov 18 0 64 0 64 3 21.3 Total fish 40 2387 105 2532 Total samples 4 4 4 12 C/f 10.0 596.8 26.3 211.0 1974-1978 Total fish 1445 7212 4003 12660 Total samples 25 25 25 75 C/f 57.8 233.5 160.1 168.8 2-120 science seyces,Walo,n1

                                                                                   >; i    Li.

e

O

 \

Tcble 2.5-6 Number and Percent Composition of Fish Collected by Electrofishing, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 1974* 1975 1976 1977- 1978 Comon Name No. No. 7 No.  % No. i No.  % Black bullhead 1 3.6 10 90.9 42 100 2 100 22 100 Bluegill - - 1 0.1 - - - - - - Central mudminnow 1 3.6 - - - - - - - - Green sunfish 26 92.9 - - - - - - - - Total 28 11 42 2 22 Qualitative dip net samples taken in September, electrofishing produced no fish. Alewife larvae were collected only during June 1978; concentrations were highest at stations 1, 2, and 10 (Table 2.5-8). Alewife larval densities were lower in 1978 than during previous years and although densities were somewhat higher at several sampling locations, actual numbers indicate the similar usage of these sampling locations as a nursery area. Based on the presented data (1974-1978), no consistent yearly differences in egg or larval concentrations were evident be-tween sampling stations. No eggs or larvae were collected in nearshore ponds. The effect of the warm-water discharge on the nearshore spawning and nursery areas in the Bailly vicinity was further determined by sampling fish eggs and larvae with an epibenthic pump during April, June, and November at a warm-water station (Station 4) and a control station (Station 7). No fish eggs or larvae were collected with the epibenthic pump during 1978 (Tables 2.5-9 and 2.5-10). Based on the presented data (1974-1978), no consistent yearly differences in egg and larvae concentrations were shown between the two sampling locations. Incidental ichthyoplankton observations from Ponar dredge samples are shown in Table 2.5-11. Although all samples did not yield eggs, those which did, yielded from 19 to approximately 1,435 eggs per square meter. The vertically hauled zooplankton net yielded fewer eggs, indicating net samples may underestimate egg density in the Bailly area of Lake Michigan. r c, i 2-121 3l / /acienca services division

                                                                                                          )

O Table 2.5-7 Mean Densities

• of Fish Eggs Collected by Vertical !!ct T:ss, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 1974 1975 117 t. 1977 1979 S t a t ir ri Taxon Kiy Jun s ul Aoq 5ep Nt 'iv feb Mir Anr May Jun Aug Nov Apr Jun Auc Now Atr Jun Aug Now Ar r an AJO *,v 1 Alewife - - - - - - - -

2.23 - - 2.F0 - - - C.13 - - - 12.22 - - 2 Alewife - - - - - - - - - - 0.2 - - - 3.30 - - - - - - - 2.89 - tridentifie1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.04 - - - - - 3 Alewife - - G.01 - - - - - - - - -

                                                                                                                               $ 00            -   -  1,57      -    -   -   0.55          -

4 Alewife . - - - - - - - - - - - 1r 1 : 0 - - - 0.14 - - - 0,21 - - l'n t kot i f ied - i .01 G12zard 5%d - - - - . - - - - - - 0.70 - - - - - - - - - N h g

                 $        Alewife r, izzard shad
                                                                                                                          -    4.(O 0.03 0.11 1.73 N                     Cyprinidae          -       -      -        -    -   -   -   -     -    -      -    -   -       -      -         -   -   -   -        -    -   -

0.04 - - 6 Alewife - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - 0.17 - - - 0.41 - - - 0.02 - - - 0.4" - - 7 Alewife - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.10 - - - - - - - 7.50 - Unidentiffed - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C.07 - - Alewife - 0.27 - - - - - - - 0.14 - - - 0.20 - - - 0.11 - - - 0.02 - - Gizzard shad - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.07 - - - - - - - - - 9 Alewife - - - - - - - - - - - 0.25 - - - 0.90 - - - 1.r0 - - - 1.44 - - Smelt 0.r? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - g 10 Alewife - - 0.13 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.50 - - - 3.12 - - - 1.50 - - tin iden t i f ief 0.10 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.51 - - - - - - - - - - O== Cyr,ri n i13 e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C.17 - - 3

• Mean numt.cr per tut'ic meter.

O 2 -n {= , -

                                                                                                         ' ny G Q
                                                                                                            ,aD Li $-e                                                   I'h @. ,
                                                              , ... u'J w , vMWd                             5 3                                                ')w(J..           . -

rD 3 ~ ~. O O O

G O Table 2.5-8 Mean Densities of Fish Larvae Collected by Vertical Net Tows, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 1974 1975 l'40 1977 177S Stiti.n Taman Fat J ;n Jul Ava Se Ot t ,<M "sr

                                                                                                  .   /-r      May    un As N c. v Ar i   'an      A;a '..;< A; r  'r     A ,q 'e v -g r Jan     ' - N1v 1      Alewife                 -

0.04 0.11 - - - - - - C.;t - - -

9. ' 3 - - -

0.01 - - -

0. f ' - -

Carter sp. - - - - - - - 0.? - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 /,lewife . - 0.01 - - - - - . -

c. - - - - - - -

0.1. . - - - 0.14 - - 3 Alewife O.C? 0.09 C.0' - - - - - - 1.34 - - - - - - 3.PE - - - C.l- - - 4 f. l ew i f e - 0 r.4 0.15 - - - - . - - . - - - + Ja ^ ' 0.11 - - - - - - 5 Alewife - 0.14 0.01 - - - - - - 1.51 - - - U.G1 - -

                                                                                                                                                                  .10    -     -   -

0.04 - - l'n Hentified - - - - - - - - - - - n.]4 - - - - _ - - - - - - - - f H Perc1d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.12 - - - - - - - 0.04 - - N f; Alewife - 0.C4 - - - - - - - - 1.'* - - - P.01 - - -

0. l - - - -

W 7 Alewife 0.01 0.19 - - - - - - - - - - - 2.2' - - - 0.cl - - - - - -

           -      Alewife                 -

0.01 0.03 - - - - - - - - J 42 - - - 0.27 0.01 - - 0.1; - - - C.04 - - Smelt - - - - - - - - - 0.14 - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 Alewife C.nz 9.nl - - - - - - - - - - J.3 - - - C. - - Deep-water $;.;lpin - - - - - - - - - - 0.0" - - - - - - - - - - - - } 10 Alewife - - 0.13 - - - - - - - - - - - -

0. U: - - - - - - - 0. 0,' - -

Cy r r in i d.ie - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.12 - - - - 9 Mean nur.t.er per culic net er. O 4 N 3 s O + . . O O g y e

                                               /w fi crtsf.j..,           -

f% ff ygp ~ 7,,. p ., 4

                                       '^ 9 h h                    '

4' .i.' , 5 $}; a['[ b a ( 'd ~n,

                                                                        ~

e, g,1 m g g i _ MEI]l) Q 0-3

Tabic 2.5-9 Mean Densities

• of Fish Eggs Collected by Benthic Pump, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 1974 1975 1976 1978 Station Taxon May** Jun Jul Nov Apr May Jun Jul Nov Apr Jun Nov Apr Jun Nov Apr Jun Nov 4 Alewife 0.31 - - - - - -

0.F1 - - - - - 0.29 - - - - 7 Alewife 0.14 - - - - - - 4.25 - - 0.90 - - 0.07 - - - - Unidentified - - - - - - - 11.22 - - - - - - - - - - 10 Alewife - - - - - - 27.27 18.50 - - - - - - - Unidentified - - - - - 2.00 0.76 - - - - - - - - - - - Note: see footnotes below Table 2.5-10 y Mean Densities

• of Fish Larvae Collected by Benthic Pump, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 C

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Station Taxon May** Jun Jul Nov Apr May Jun Jul Nov Apr Jun Nov Apr Jun Nov Apr Jun Nov 4 Alewife 0.01 - - - - - 0.76 - - - - - - - - - - - Unidentified 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 Alewife - - - - - - 1.78 0.25 - - - - - 0.22 - - - - Unidentified - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a Cyprinidae - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.07 - - - - O e 10 No catch 3 0 0 s a Mean number per cubic meter. 1 Data collected with 0.5-meter (1.6-foot) epibenthic sled having net with 333-micron mesh aperture. Station 10 not g sampled with this gear. ~ J g Epibenthic pump replaced by hoop net at Station 10 during 1977. x. 7 O~ s rs' 9 O O

Table 2.5-11 Incidental Ichthyoplankton Observations from Panar Crab Samples Station Species Life Stage Namber Nutrbe r/ri 2 IB Alewife Eggs 6 115 2A Alewife Eggs =75 =1,435 23 Alewife Eggs =75 =1.435 3A Alewife Eggs 8 153 33 Alewife Eggs 2 50 =957 SA Alewife Eggs = 40 2765 SB Alewife Eggs =25-30 =478-574 63 Alewife Eggs 1 19 7A Alewife Eggs 2 38 7B Alewife Eggs 2 33 cA Alewife Eggs 10 191 EB Alewife Eggs =25 =478 9A Alewife Eggs 1 19 9B Alewife Eggs 6 115 10A Alewife Eqqs =60 =1,143 Cyprinidae Eggs 1 19 103 Alewife Eggs =25 e478 Cyprinidae Eggs 9 172 2.5.4 SPECIES DISCUSSION. The following species discussion addresses fish community, spatial and temporal distribution, reproduction in the study area, and condition and external parasitism for each species collected during 1978. Food habits will also be discussed for selected species (alewife, carp, gizzard shad, salmonids [ salmon and trout], spottail shiner, and yellow perch). 2.5.4.1 Alewife. 2.5.4.1.1 Introduction. The alewife is a small exotic fish that has become established in all five of the Laurentian Great Lakes (Scott and Cross: 2n 1973). Its invasion of Lake Michigan was first detected in May 1949 when a single adult was taken in a gill net set off South Manitou Island (Miller 1957). Since that time, it has become the most abundant and widely distributed species in the lake, occupying all areas of the lake and its tributaries, estuaries, and bays during dif ferent seasons of the year (Smith 1968). The alewife has a strong competitive advantage over other planktivorous species because of its efficient filter-feeding behavior and its characteristic of forming dense schools (Smith

• i " * **'"i ** di'i*i "

2- W E ~- Q 9 f - J/ / d/d

O 1968). Because dense schools of alewives occupy dif ferent portions of the lake uuring dif f erent seasons of the year, they can influence all other fish species (Smith 1968), 2.5.4.1.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution. Gill net catches of alewife were highest during April and lowest during August and November 1978 (Tabic 2.5-2). Gill net catches of alewife in April and June of 1978 were higher at Station 4 (warm-water station) than at Station 7 (control or unaffected station). Gill net catches during previous years showed no consistent yearly preference for area (station), and overall catch rates (1974-1978) for the two gill net stations were similar (23.5 = Station 4 versus 20.7 = Station 7). Alewife catches were much higher during 1978 than in previous years, and a temporal (timc-related) pattern of higher alewife catches during spring than during sum-mer and fall was evident in the 1978 catch data as in each of the previous years. Mean lengths and weights of alewife (Table 2.5-12) were similar for fish col-1ected at the two gill net stations, when numbers permitted comparison (April, June); all fish collected were adults. Several authors (Norden 1968, Wells 1968, and Brown 1972) reported that alewife overwinter in deep water and ini-tiate shoreward spawning migrations led by larger fish during March, with peak abundance in nearshore areas occurring in late April and May. After spawning, h alewife gradually move back to the deeper water. Beach seine catches of alewife were higher during 1978 than the previous year (1977) but much lower than observed during 1974-1976 (Table 2.5-134 Alewife catches were similar during 1978 at Station 24 (warn-water station), and con-trol Station 25. Overall catch records (1974-1978) show that greater numbers of alewife (usually young-of-the-year fish) were collected at Station 25 (C/f = 103.8) and beach seine catches decreased in a westward direction to a low at Station 23 (C/f = 42.3). 2.5.4.1.3 Food Habits. Adult alewife collected in the Bailly vicinity dur-ing 1978 fed on a variety of food c rganisms (Tabic 2.5-14) . Zooplankton was found in a high percentage of the stomachs containing food items, indicating that alewife probably fed primarily in open water. Bosminidae, a small clado-ceran, and unidentifiable copepods, were the most important food items by fre-quency of occurrence and percent by number. Based on the importance index (sub-section 2.5.2.6), unidentifiable zooplankton was the most important food item followed by Bosminidae and unidentifiable copepods. 2-126 science services division gp 3l

                                                                        ,t  a !       l

O Alewife in previous years (1974-1976) also fed primarily on zooplankton (TI 1975, 1976a, 1977,1978a); however, Webb and McComish (1974) and Rhodes et al (1974) re-ported that fish eggs and larval alewife were important food items of Lake Michi-gan alewife during late summer and early fall. Juvenile alewife fed primarily on zooplankton, primarily cladocerans and copepods (Table 2.5-15). Table 2.5-12 Catch pe.- Unit Effort (C/f) and Meaa Lengths and Weights of Alewives Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date Catch 1 Ler.gth + SE 1 Weight + SE Catch 1 Length f SE 2 Weight ! SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 4 20J.5 t 12.9 44 9.9 Jun 5 3. 0 t 11. 4 204.3 1 63.5 3 9.7 48 2 24.0 7 192.7 1 31.9 75.9 f 58.6 4 189.6 f 31.5 37,0 t 11.7 11 2 5.5 Jul 6 162.7 1 66.9 46.5 + 15.2 2v 7. 5 + 10.6 4.0 Aug 0 2 40.0 3 4.2 8 2 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Ott 4 Oc t 24 1 190.0 1 0.0 61.0 t 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 8 0 - - 0 0 2 0.0 Total fish 18 50 68 Total samplen 7 7 34 C/f 2.6 7.14 4,9 1975 Mar a *

• 0
• Apr 17 117 202.8 + 13.0 66.3 1 8.2 116 202.2 1 7.5 6 7.9 f 4.4 233 2 116.5 May 22 9 203.0 1 11.9 6 3. 7 + 13.0 14 20 7.9 + 14. 8 65.1 2 13.0 23 2 11.5 Jun 18 11 202 2 + 19.0 53.6 1 12.4 6 194.6 3 14.3 46.2 + 8.6 17 2 8.5 Aug 8 6 196.1 + 10.3 51.0 + 12.3 3 180.0 f 30.0 39.0 2 21.9 9 2 4.5 Ney 3 3.0 3 203.0 + 62.0 2 9.2 0 0 0 3 2 1.5 Total fish 146 139 285 Total samples 5 5 10 C/t 29.2 27.8 28.5 1976 Apr 7 76 202." + 1.0 64.0 + 1.2 37 205.1 3 1.2 68.9 t 1.0 113 2 56.5 Jan 6 2 20 7.5 + 2.5 55.5 +^

4.5 8 194.0 + 8.8 52.3 + 6.9 10 2 5.0 Aug 12 0 - 0 -  ! 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 78 45 123 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 19.5 11.3 15 4 1977 Apr 14 9 ..n + Jun 11 2 '.F1 65.1 + 6.. 6 219.n + 11.02 56. 3 + 9.63 15 2 7.5 1 A.0+ 0 >7 iA 9 2 I H.0 + 4.00 86.5 +- 3.50 3 2 1.5 Aug 26 o - 0 1 0 2 0 Nov 23 0 - 0 - 0 2 0 Tata) fish 10 g jg Total samples a g C/f ,5 ,,q  ;,3 1973 Apr 23 293 203.1 + 1.C1 69.1 + 0.85 2;6 203.3 + 1.09 69.8 + 0.9) 529 2 264.5 Jun 1.' 30 211.0 + 2.1 66.2 + 1.A2 16 194 4 + 3.36 67 6+ 2.89 46 2 23.0 Ad 2' O - - - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - 1 19 7. 0 + 0.0 6 .0+ 0.0 1 2 0.5 Tetal fish 311 2e3 576 Total samples 4 8 C/f 74.3 +5.8 72.0 1974-1978 565 497 1062 Total fish , ., 43 al sagles

                                 }) 5                                          C,7                                                                77,1 No sample                                                                                                    [     fl            , ((

l, / i / U Q U $ 10 ih b 2 Qi<tP!L C d , '[ O"f P C ] { , ,. 2-127 science services division g t.} n b .4 ki

i Table 2.5-13 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Alewives %o Collected by Beach Seine in Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 2 3 Station 24 Date Station 25 Catch t 1.ength + SE T Weight + SE Catch I Length i SE 1 Weight + SE Catch

                                                                                                                                              ~

Tml htal I Length + SE E Weight ? SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 Ny 24 0 - 0 - Jun 2M 0 0 -- 2 161.0 + 12.7 39.00 + 1.84 0 3 0.0 Jul 0 -- 0 - -- 2 8 20.8 + 1.6 3 0.' Aug 26 1 25.0 + 0.0 0.15 + 0.00 665 0.1 -+

• 461 25.4 + 2.1 0.1 +
• 4 ,9 3 156. 3 Sep 21 0 -- 34.2 { 6.9 0.28 3 0.27 36 32.2}9.1 0. 36 } 0.5 3 v2 3 14 . 0 Nov 7 0 - --

0

23) 57.9 + 6.9 1. 7 3 + 0. 5 8 17 5.4 C 3 o hov 7 326 54.0 + 8.9 46.4 + 0.90 + 0.32 0 -

m 1.46 + 0.79 13 44.5 + 7. 6 0.82 + 0.42 0 - 250 3 83.3 Total fish 560 33s 3 113 705 Total samples 7 497 1762 7 C/f 80.0 7 100.7 21 71.0 83.9 l 1975

                                      %r 27            0             -

Apr 17 0 - -- 0 0 -- 0 3 0.0 My 19 0 - G 0 -- -- 0 0 3 0.0 Jun 13 0 -- 0 - -- 0 3 0 - 0.0 Aug 8 497 0 22.5 + 3.3 0.10 +

• 401 3.3 0 3 0.0 Nov 12 0

                                                                                             ~

29.8 +^ 0.21 + 0.09 3 34 50. 2 + 2. 2 1.01 + 0.23 1232 0 ~

                                                                                                                                                   ~

O -

                                                                                                                                                                                                           '                    3       410.7 y                          Total fish        497 0       3           0.0 l                         Tot al sas;sles                                                   401                                                           334 6                                                                                                                                                          1232 Ed                         C/f                                                                   6                                                            e N                                               82.8                                                                                                                                                                     18 66.8                                                          55.7
     @                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   e 9. 4 1976 g                 j       Apr 10           0         --

Jun M 0 -- -- 0

g. 0 -

0 Aug 11 82 M1.0 + 0.8 3.10 + 0.10 0 3 0.0 0 -- 82 259 3 t'.3

             ,dg                     Nov 16           0         --

0 2 7. 6 _+ 0.4 0.16 3

• 1692 26.6 + 0. 5 0.22 +
• 1951 3 t50.3 0

             '%y                Total fish            U
                                                                                                   %1 0       3           0.0
                       ,        Total samples         4                                                                                                        1692 2033 4

M, C/f 0.0 85.3 4 12 la'u 423.0 It9.6 p*y %'*-,.- = 1977

                          '          April            0        --

0 hJ

• U*~ ' Jun 10 0 --

fl -- 0 -- 0 3 0 Aug 26 0 -- si -- 0 Nov 20 0 0 -- 0 -- o j u 55 U 0 O_ _;,. e Total floh 0 1 + 0 1.2 + it 0 -- - 3 g ,.r. j , Total samples 4 1 0 1 3 0.3

               - ' ' ~                                                                               4                                                                                                                 g 3                          C/I                   O                                                                                                             4 g     b.w- : w  -                                                                                0.3 0

1,i g p# b"'s .- 1978 c.I Apr 2 3 0 O O C7IC Jun 16 0 0 5 133.8 + 2.

• 0 --

0 3 0

               , 9g                Aug 19            0        -- '                                                                  22.1 +             7. 8 )     0          --
           /, ~ T"5                                                                   --

0 5 3 1.'

    }                              Noe 18                                                                        -                       --

45.h + 0.59 w: w i 0 -- 64 50.5 ? .13 1.21 + 0.11 71 0 -

                                                                                                                                                                                  -            0.71 + 0.04 71 0

3 1 23.7 p,7(- j Tetal fish 0 69 O

                ,              Tetal sampics         4                                                                                                            1 140 4
              *L_              C/f                   0                                                                                                            4

~~.

    ==

4 ING 19, -1978 17.2 17. M 12 l '. ' E. Total fish 1057 g  %~ Total samples 25 1517 2594 25 SM4 C/f 25 0"" p .. a .'.3 60.' 103.8 75 3 g 69.9 is s. e O

• o_

Table 2.5-14 Food IIabits of Adult Alewife Length Range - 172-212 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 25 Stomachs Empty - 7 Frequency Percent Importance of Occur rence by N m.ber Index Food Items (%) (1) (%) Zooplankton 88.8 99.8 90.7 Copepoda (unid.) 61.1 29.3 12.5 Calanoida (adult) 33.3 16.2 8.4 Cyclopoida (adult) 44.4 16.4 8.9 Cladocera (unid.) 33.3 0.7 0.1 Cladocera (Ep) 22.2 0.1 Bosminidae (adult) 55.5 33.9 15.6 Daphnidae (adult) 22.2 2.7 1.8 Chydoridae (adult) 22.2 0.5 Zooplankton (unid.) 22.2 43.4 Diptera (adult 5.5 T* 2.0 Chironomidae (larvae) 11.1 T Chi :nnmidae (pupae) 5.5 T Invertebrate (cggs) 5.5 0.1 0.3 Filamentous algae 11.1 0.2 Plant material (terrestrial) 5.5 0.6 Digested material 44.4 6.2 Sand grains 5.5 T = trace. (i gy 7 . .

                                       '         t)f; Table 2.5-15
                                                             %uGQ[Q Food IIabits of Juvenile Alewife Length Range         82 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 25 Stomachs Empty           0 Frequency      Percent      Importance of Occurrence   by Number         Index Food Item                     (%)                           (%)

Cladocera 100.0 64.4 69.6 Daphnidae (adult) 96.0 47.3 59.2 Chydoridae (adult) 96.0 8.2 7.7 Bosminidae (adult) 96.0 8.9 2.7 Copepoda 100.0 35.6 27.3 Calanoida (adult) 92.0 13.5 10.6 Cyclopoida (adult) 80.0 4.5 1.5 Harpacticoida (adult) 12.0 Copepoda (unid.) 100.0 17.6 15.2 Amphipoda remains 4.0 Chironomidae remains 4.0 Plant material (terrestrial) 4.0 Digested ruterial 92.0 3.1 Sand grains 44.0 2-129 science services division gq s J, / Ju

O The pretence of zooplankton in a high percentage of stomachs indicated that juvenile alewife fed in open water while the occurrence of sand grains indi-cates that juvenile alewife also fed on or near the bottom. Cladocerans, es-pecially Daphnidae, were the most important food item by number and were ranked as the most important food item based on the importance index. Calanoid cope-pods and unidentifiable copepods were the second most important food item. 2.5.4.1.4 Condition and Parasitism. Condition factors for alewife collected during 1978 were higher than those collected during 1974 and 1977, and only slightly lower than those observed during 1975 and 1976 (Table 2.5-16). Yearly condition factors were similar to or fell within the ranges reported by Liston and Tack (1973). No obvious external parasites were noted on alewife collected during 1978. Parasites that have been known to infest alewife have been pre-viously discussed by Texas Instruments (1975). 2.5.4.2 Yellow Perch 2.5.4.2.1 Introduction. The yellow perch, a percid, is commonly found in all of the Great Lakes (Hubbe and Lagler 1958). In Lake Michigan, it inhabits h the shallow and intermediate depths and is near bottom during most of the year and at mid-levels in summer (Wells 1968). 2.5.4.2.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution. Yellow perch were collected in greater abundance at Station 4 (warm-water station) than at Station 7 (con-trol station) and were most abundant in the Bailly area in August (Table 2.5-17). Year-to-date (1974-1978) catch rates (C/f) were higher at Station 4; 1976 was the only year with higher catches at Station 7 than at Station 4, indicating that yellow perch may prefer the area of one gill net station over the other. High catches in August also were observed during 1978, a year when sampling frequency corresponded to that in 1976 and 1977. Thirty-four of the thirty-six yellow perch collected were adult fish. The other two fish were subadults. When comparable data were available, no discernible difference between lengths and weights of yellow perch collected at the two sampling locations was noted (Table 2.5-17). 2-130 science services divialon

                                                                                   ^

E ~' O

                                                                           'r  I   ( (g) 1l

O Table 2.5-16 Condition Factors Calculated by Month of Fish Collected in NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April-November 1977, Plus Values Obtained from Relevant Literature X X X X X Species Apr Jun Aug Nov 1973 1977 1976 1975 1974 Literature Source Alewife 0.821 0.812 0.669 0.796 0.783 0.690 0.834 0.800 0.708 0.700-0.861 (Liston and Tack 1973) Cizzard shad 1.111 1.280 1.195 1.519 1.058 1.113 1.2193 (Jude et al 1973) Chinook salmon 1.201 1.14R 1.036 - 1.12H 1.002 1.125 1.151 1.171 1.3462 (Jude et al 1973) Coho s.ilnon 1.150 1.245 - 1.050 1.295 0.884 1.010 0.926 1.085 1.0535 (Jude et al 1973) Erwn t rout 1.493 2.035 1.211 1.379 1.403 1.354 1.267 1.336 1.327 1.26 (Cariander 1969) - 1.2621 (Jude et al 1973) 1.a k e trout 1.221 1.124 0.877 0.967 0.90'. 0.983 0.9 32 0.97_ l.022 0.950-1.151 (Liston and Tack 1973) Carp 1.503 1.564 10 (Carlander 1969) 1.489 1.349 1.2. Spottall shiner - 0.828 0.882 0.845 0.762 0.795 0.870 0.809 0.826-0.941 (Liston and Tack 1973) h Black bullhead 1.241 - 1.345 - 1.255 1.062 1.384 1.213 1.243 1.11-1.66 (Carlander 1969) N Yellow perch - 1.532 1.016 - 1.092 0.989 1.099 1.063 1.075 1.0485-1.359 (Jude et al 1973) White sucker - - - - - 0.997 - - - Shorthead - - - - 1.419 - - - redhorse Steelhead 1.211 1.501 0.H95 - 1.162 1.457 W 0.942 1.115

                                                              ,. ,sm g

O PEA'7-] e 3 ND O e

                                                               . An_h O

W MY L O w MiW) echs O r evg; e 0, (f%.Q) Ad O' i M M W T2 5 CD nu' .3 O~ N d 7 s GT m

O Table 2.5-17 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Yellow Perch g Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 4 Station 7 Md Toul Date Catch i Length f SE i Weight i SE Catch i Length i SE i Weight i SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 0 - -- 1 191.0 f 0.0 68.0 1 0.0 1 2 0.5 Jun 7 190.7 1 45.4 112.6 1 79.5 1 185.0 1 0.0 64.0 1 0.0 8 2 4.0 Jul 69 200.3 1 18.9 93.6140.5 28 205.5 1 23.9 99.6 3 60.2 97 2 48.5 Aug 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0.0 Oct 4 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0.0 Oct 24 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0.0 Nov 8 2 205.3 1 6.3 97.0114.8 0 -- -- 2 2 1.0 Total fish 78 30 108 Total samples 7 7 14 C/f 11.1 4.3 7. 7 1975 Kar * -- -- * -- -- * *

• Apr 17 0 -- --

0 - -- 0 2 0.0 May 22 0 -- -- 1 195.0 1 0.0 80.0 f 0.0 1 2 0.5 Jan 18 21 186.4 1 10.7 75.4 1 15.1 12 193.5 1 5.3 75.6 1 5.3 33 2 16.5 Aug 8 16 211.0 1 22.6 98.1155.4 23 206.8 1 12.1 92.8 1 21.1 39 2 19.5 Nov 3 23 201.9 1 15.6 92.8 1 21.0 16 209.4 1 11.7 95.3 1 17.7 39 2 19.5 Total fish 60 52 112 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 12.0 10.4 11.2 19 76 Apr 7 0 - -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0.0 Jun 6 2 215.0 1 10.0 92.0 1 18.0 1 201.0 f 0.0 85.0 1 0.0 3 2 1.5 Aug 12 8 208.4 f 4.4 105.4 1 9.1 27 200.4 f 1.7 90.5 1 3.6 35 2 17.5 Nov 19 3 217.3 1 20.0 116.7 2 35.5 0 -- -- 3 2 1.5 Total fish 13 28 41 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 3.3 7.0 5.1 1977 Apr 14 2 183.5 1 2,12 67.0 1 11.31 0 -- -- 2 2 1.0 Jun 11 6 206.0 1 5.50 96.0 1 7.00 2 211.5 1 0.50 SS.5 1 5.50 8 2 4.0 Aug 26 18 212.4 1 3.71 101.2 1 6.80 9 211.7 1 4.65 105.8 1 6.00 27 2 13.5 Nov 23 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0 Total fish 26 11 37 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 6.5 2.8 4.6 1978 Apr 23 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0.0 Jun 17 1 197.0 1 0.0 91.0 1 0.0 0 -- -- 1 2 0.5 Aug 19, 21 35 2 C '. 0 1 5.66 98.2 1 9.70 0 -- -- 35 2 17.5 Nov 19 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 2 0.0 Total fish 36 0 36 Tctal samples 4 4 8 C/f 4.5 1974-1978 Total catch 213 121 334 Total samples 24 24 48 C/f 8.9 5.0 7.G No sample. (

                                     , J.' yn 9

VR 4 nf Dd e ;i- i j () gh bl;s bj tgd h ,, N 2-132 aclence services division E, fb

O The first catch of subadult yellow perch by beach seine occurred during June sampling at stations 24 and 25 (Table 2.5-18). Young-of-tbe-year (47-57 mm) and subadult (73-83 mm) yellow perch were collected by beach seine during August 1978 at stations 24 and 25. Young-of-the-year perch were not collected during 1976 but were collected in similar numbers at these same two stations in August 1974, 1975, and 1977. 2.5.4.2.3 Food Habits. Adult yellow perch examined during 1978 fed exclu-sively on fish (Table 2.5-19). The primary food during other years was fish although other food categories were encountered (TI 1975, 1976a, 1977, 1978a). Juvenile yellow perch stomachs examined during 1978 were essentially empty (Table 2.5-20). Only digested material and sand grains were found in the stomachs examined. During previous years, zooplankton was the predominant food item; however, fish were usually a prominent food item in the diet (TI 1975, 1976a, 1978a). 2.5.4.2.4 Condition and Parasitism. The condition factor (1978) for yellow perch collected during 1978 was slightly higher t'<n those of fish collected during 1974, 1975, and 1977 and slightly lower than observed during 1976 (Table 2.5-16). Slight differences in yearly condit on factors were probably i due to the different lengths, weights, and life stages of perch collected (Tables 2.5-17 and 2.5-18), rather than effects caused by operation of Bailly Generating Station or construction activities for the Bailly Nuclear-1 facility. No obvious external parasites were noted on yellow perch during 1978. Para-sitic infestations of yellow perch have been discussed previously (TI 1975).

  .5.4.3       Spottail Shiner 2.5.4.3.1      Introduction. The spottail shiner is a small cyprinid that belongs to the group of fish collectively referred to as minnows. Spottail shiners in-habit all of the Great Lakes, where they can be found close to the bottom in nearshore water (Hubbs and Lagler 1958; Wells and House 1974). In Lake Michigan, they are most abundant in the southeastern portion of tne lake and in Green Bay (unpublished data cited by Wells and House 1974).

2-133 science services division 93

Table 2.5-18 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean lengths and Weights of Yellow Perch Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25 Total Total Date Catch i Length ? SE A Weight ! SE Catch i Length ! SE i 'de ight ! SE Catch i Lengt h i S E a Wei gh t i SE Catch Samp '. e s C/f 1974 May 24 0 -- -- G -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 Jun 28 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 Jul 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 Aug 26 0 -- -- 11 48.3 ! 3.3 1.09 t 0.21 8 46.2 + 2.8 1.02 ! 0.19 19 3 Sep 21 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 Nov 7 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 Nov 7 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0

              ..- E.         Tot 41 fish           0                                 11                                          8                                    19 Total samples          7                                 7                                          7                                          21 C /f                   0.0                               1.6                                        1.4                                             0.9 1975 Mar 27              0        --              --

0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 g/h Apr 17 0 - -- 0 -- -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0 ww=w 4 M.n y 19 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 - -- 0 3 0.0

                     ._         Jun 13              0         -              --

0 -- -- 0 - -- 0 3 0.0 C. ! M *j Aug 8 0 -- -- 6 2 3. 7 + 6. 4 .1110.16 15 48.5 ! 4.9 1.10 t 0.20 21 3 7. 0 r-S Nov 2 0 - -- 0 - -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 N Total 'ish 0 6 15 21 h y pr Total samples C/f b 0.0 6 1.0 6 2.5 18 1.2 e L w.,,e - El +-. r 10 0 - -- 0 - -- 0 - -- 0 3 0.0

        %                       Jun 8 Aud 11 0

0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 3 3 0.0 0.0 E~. ~ u .m.w Nov 16 0 - -- 0 -- -- 0 - - 0 3 0.0

          . - -         b    Total fish             0                                 0                                          0                                      0 gj {j                Total samples          4                                 4                                          4                                          12 C/f                    0.0                               0.0                                        0.0                                             0.0 V            . Y..

1971 _ Vi]

                    . ,[         Apr                0         --             --       0           --                 --          0        --                 --

0 3 0.0

              * * . = =

Jun 10 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 [,D* Aug 26 0 -- -- 9 67.0 1 2.97 2.9 1 0.36 11 62.1 1 3.59 2.4 1 0.33 20 3 6.7

               @3               Nov 20              0 0
                                                                             --       0 9
                                                                                                  -                  --          0 11 20 0    3   0.0
              ,, fQ          Total fish 0     .'

Total samples 4 4 4 12 3 C/f 0 2.3 2.8 1.7 O O 1978

     @                          Apr la              0          --             -

0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0

     @                           Jun 16             0          --             --

5 80.2 1 4.79 5.8 1 1.08 1 86.0 1 0.0 10.6 3 0.0 6 3 2.0 Aug 18 0 -- -- 1 57.0 1 0.0 1.9 1 0.0 9 62.0 t 5.17 2.6 ! 0.63 10 3 3. 3

     }                          Nov 18              0          --             --

0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 0 g} $ Total fish 0 6 10 16

     @                        Total samples          4                                 4                                          4                                         12 C/f                    0                                 1.5                                        2.5                                             1.3 w,    g 4C                       197 -1978 g"                          Total fish          0                               32                                         44                                     76
     ==                          Tot al samples    25                                25                                         25                                          50 C/f                 0.0                               1.3                                        a.8                                             1.5 7

CD L 9 O O

o Table 2.5-19 Food Habits of Adult Yellow Perch Length Range - 149-309 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 24 Stomachs Empty - 3 Frequency Percent Importance of Occurrence by Number Index Food Items (%) (%) (%) Fish 95.2 100.0 99.6 Rainbow smelt 4.8 8.3 6.0 Fish (unidentifiable) 42.8 52.7 48.8 Fish (postlarvae) 33.3 29.2 Fish remains 47.6 15.6 Digested material 9.5 0.4 Table 2.5-20 Food Habits of Juvenile Yellow Perch Length Range 96 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 5 Stomachs Empty - 4 Frequency Percent Importance of Occurrence by Number Index Food Items (%) (%) (%) Digested material 100.0 100.0 Sand grains 100.0 9 2-135 science services division

                                                                            /00 L4t'lOL-m%

L

O 2.5.4.3.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution. Spottail shiners were col-lected only by beach seine and were found in greatest abundance at warm-water Station 24 (Table 2.5-19). Most spottail shiners were collected during June. Total catch (C/f) for spottail shiners during 1978 was higher than observed during pervious years (1974-1977). Catches of spottail shiner during most of the previous years (1974, 1975, 1976) and overall catch rates (1974-1978) were higher at the warm-water station (Station 24), indicating that these fish may prefer the warm-water area. Spottails collected during June and August 1978 were primarily subadult or adult fish (Table 2.5-21). During previous years subadult and adult fish were collected during spring or early summer and smaller (young-of-the-year or subadult) fish were collected during late summer. Wells (1968) reported that spottail shiners in southeastern Lake Michigan were con-fined to depths of 12.8 meters (42 feet) in early spring and fall and to depths of 31.1 to 45.7 meters (102 to 150 feet) in winter. This behavior in the Bailly area would preclude the capture of spottail shiner during these times of year. Wells (1968) also reported that during summer, spottails were usually restricted to depths less than 12.8 meters (42 feet). 2.5.4.3.3 Food Habits. Only 13 of the 25 juvenile spottail shiner stomachs examined during 1978 contained food. The most important food items in stomachs containing food, based on frequency of occurrence, percent by number, and the importance index, were cladocerans and copepods (Table 2.5-22). During pre-vious years, spottail shiners fed on fish eggs, insects, and plant material (TI 1976a, 1977). Scott and Crossman (1973) reported that juvenile spottail shiners feed primarily on zooplankton (cladocerans, copepods, rotifers) and algae, while adult fish feed on zooplankton, insect nymphs and larvae, molluscs, and fish eggs and larvae. 2.5.4.3.4 Condition and Parasitism. The condition of spottail shiner col-lected during 1978 was similar to the condition of fish collected during pre-vious years (Table 2.5-16). No obvious external parasites were noted on spottails collected during 1978 but external parasites found during other years (1974-1976) and possible parasites have been previously discussed by TI (1975, 1976a, 1977). 2-136 science services division G.l'j

                                                                      . .,    ni Loi

G Table 2.5-21 0 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Spottail Shiners Collected by Beach Seine, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 2 3 Station 44 Station 25 Total Total Date Catch i Length ! SE i Weight ! SE Catch i Length + SE i Weight ! SE Catch i 14ngth 1 SE i Weight t SE Catch Samples C/f 1974

                                     %y 24              0           -                    --

78 54.3 + 11.8 1.33 _+ 1.32 0 -- - 78 3 e6.0 Jun 2c 0 -- -- 1 125 + 0.0 22.70 + 0.00 0 - - 1 3 0.3 Jul 2 18. 0 + 2.8 0.10 1 0.00 69 20.0[+j 1.6 0.1 -+ 0.00 0 - - 71 3 23.7 Aug 26 0 - -- 62 44. 9 + 13. 5 0.89 1 0.11 58 54.9 + 23.7 2.26 ! 2.36 120 3 40.0 Sep 21 0 -- -- 0 - - 10 30.1 + 1.1 0.29 + 0.07 10 3 3.3 Nov 7 0 -- -- 2 31.5 f 21 G.29 1 0.03 0 - -- 2 3 0.7 p Nov 7 0 -- -- 0 - -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 u J (.h.m, i aa fish 2 212 68 282 la -1 samples 7 7 7 21 ( bQ

                   *m. su
                           .ng t
                                   }9]$

0.3 30. 3 9.7 13.4 [ 'Tw .gg Nr 27 Apr 17 0 0 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 ( 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 L f My 19 101 42.9 .+ 11.8 0.89 t 1.58 0 -- -- 50 46.3 t 9.4 0.99 + 0.62 151 3 50.3

                          . - ,      Jun 13           210     55.1 +       5.6     1. 5 7 + 0. 60   594       51.4 +    6.5     1. 2 3 + 0. 40     10      60.8 + 24.3        2.70 + 3.20     814     3   271.3 y                      Aug 8              0           --                  --

584 32.4 + 8.7 0. 40 + 0. 30 1014 28.0 +~ 9.0 0.21 + 0.30 1598 3 5 32. 7 g '* Nov 2 0 - -- 0 c

                                                                                                                                                                                      ~

o 3 0.0 h u f, _._ __ %. Total fish Total samp1..i 311 6 1178 6 1974 6 2563 18

         %                       ) C/f                 51.8                                         196.3                                         179.0           ,                                       142.4 C     , ' ?.].        1976 r--               -?    Apr 10             1     40.0 +       0.0     0.50 + 0.00         0           --               --

0 C ' 1 3 0.3 Jan 8 7 55.6 A 3.3 1.60 A 0.3 1508 56.0 + 0.7 1.40 + 0.10 31 54.7 + 1.3 1.50 + 0.10 1546 3 515.3 [ ~ ~C] Aug 11 0 1 2 379 29. 8 + 0.9 0. 4 5 j

• 1 21.0} 0.0 0.16i0.00 380 3 126.7 Nov 16 0 -- --

1 24.0 ? O 0.08 + 0 0 -- -- 1 3 0.3

                     ~ -h k                      Total fish           9                                          1887                                            32                                        1928

(, T Total samples 4 4 4 12 nu- i. ' . d C/f 2.3 471.8 8.0 160.7 K '.:.,*~) 1977 b, bM 0 0 0.0 Vr -- -- i 0 -- -- 3 E?. Q. Jun 10 0 -- -- 18 51.5 1 1.53 1.08 1 0.12 1 86.0 1 0.0 6.0 + 0.0 19 3 6.3 Aug 26 8 3+ 2.6 0.3 + 0.6 30 40.9 1 1.75 0.81 1 0.16 161 27.1 1 0.56 0.18 1 0.01 199 3 66.3 g g b, - v "7 Nov 20 o 31 0 -- -- 2 60.0 + 21.20 2.29 + 2.14 2 3 0.7 Total fish 8 48 164 220 g 3N Total samples 4 4 4 12 O C/f 2.0 12.0 41.0 18.3 g s,9-g 1978 g Apr 18 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 3 0.0 3 Jun 16 32 51.3 ? 1.39 1.. + 0.11 2260 58.8 1 0.71 1.7 t 0.07 16 82.1 + 4.15 5.6 + 0.79 2308 3 769.3 ( Aug 18 0 -- -- 46 61. 3 +~ 1.0 '.1 -+ 0.09 7 62.0 + 5.17 1.7 + 0.32 53 3 17.7 s g" Nov 18 0 -- -- 0 -- - 0 1  ! O 3 0.0 C (, ^) g Total fish 32 2306 23 2361 Total samples 4 4 4 12 W C/f M.o 576.5 .0

         &-                                                                                                                                                                                               196.7 4
         -                         1974-1978 E,                          Total fiub       362                                          5611                                          1361                                        7354 O                           Totai sample. 25                                            25                                            25                                                75 3                           C/f               14.5                                         225.2                                          54..                                                    98.0

O Table 2.5-22 Food Ilabits of Juvenile Spottall Shiners Length Range 65 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 25 Stomachs Empty - 12 Frequer.5 Percent Importance of Occerrence by Number Index Food Item  ;%) (%) (%) Cladocera 76.9 62.8 41.8 Chydoridae (adult) 69.2 16.3 19.4 Daphnidae (adult) 46.1 5.2 4.7 Daphnidae (unid.) 7. 7' 8.4 6.7 Bosminidae (adult) 15.4 0.7 Cladocera (unid.) 53.8 32.2 11.0 Copepoda 23.1 36.3 43.0 Calanoida (adult) 23.1 11.5 10.3 Cyclopoida (adult) 7.7 0.2 Copepoda (adult) 15.4 24.5 32.7 Chironomidae (larvae) 15.4 0.5 8.3 Chironomidae (larval remains) 7.7 2.2 Chironomidae (pupae) 15.4 1.5 Invertebrate eggs 7.7 0.5 Digested material 7.7 3.2 Sand grains 46.1 0 2.5.4.4 Salnanidae (Salmon and Trout) 2.5.4.4.1 Introduction. The salmonid species collected during this investi-gation included the lake trout, steelhead trout, brown trout, and chinook and coho salmon. Generally, these fish occur throughout the Great Ides (Scott and Crossman 1973) where they are highly prized and avidly sought by sport fisher-men. All of the salmonids collected during this study except lake trout are exotic species which have been introduced into the waters of the Great Lakes; the lake trout populations in the lakes are also maintained at this time by stocking. All salmonid populations are maintained through stocking programs initiated by various governmental agencies of the lake states and provinces. Within the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan, these fish are stocked solely by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The Indiana DNR began its strcking pro-gram in 1967 when the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife provided 87,000 lake trout for stocking off the Bethlehem Steel pier within the cntrance chan-nel of the Port of Indiana (personal communication, Bob Kcch, Indiana DNR (1976]; 2-138 aclence services division E 9 g cy r;

O since that initial planting, the DNR has increased the number of lake trout planted and has broadened its program by stocking trout at several other lo-cations. Lake trout were stocke1 in response to their rapid decline and near extinction in the 1950s because of predation by sea lamprey followed by com-plete failure of natural reproduction (Smith 1968). Koch (personal communica-tion) states that, even now, natural reproduction of lake trout is not con-firmed anywhere in Lake Michigan. Stocking of lake trout was followed by plantings of steelhead trout in 1968, coho and chinook salmon in 1970, and brown trout in 1971. All of these salmonids have been planted as fingerlings in the east branch of the Little Calumet River where they remain for varying periods of time, depending on the species, before migrating to the lake. This was probably the source of many of the salmonids collected during the Bailly study. Once in the lake, however, they are largely unavailable to capture in nearshore nets since they inhabit the open lake of various depths. When mature, these fish return and congregate in large schools at the mouth of their natal streams before " running" upstream to spawn. At this time, they are vulnerable to capture by net in the nearshore water. Spawning runs generally occur from early fall to late winter, depending on the strain or race of the stocked fish. Natural reproduction does occur, but only in streams and for some species only on a limited basis (Koch, personal communication). Koch (personal communication) has stated that there has been no evidence that any of these species spawn in the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan, but there has been evidence of limited natural reproduction by coho and chinook salmon and steelhead trout in the east branch of the Little Calumet River and in Trail Creek; additionally, he has stated that there is evidence of successful natural reproduction by brown trout spawning in the east branch. Since there is only limited natural reproduction of these fish, their abun-dance in the study area is governed largely by the number of each species stocked by the DNR and their survival and return rates. The latter range from 1 to 6 percent, depending on the species stocked and the year of stocking (Koch, personal communication). However, strict computation of abundance in the study area based on these percentages is often misleading, since faster-maturing male salmonids return before slower-maturing females stocked during the same year; (g therefore, any fluctuation in yearly relative abundances presented for these 2-139 science services division 6, l N

O species in the following discussions should be reviewed in the light of these factors. Specific spawning activities for all of the salmonids except lake trout have been deleted, since these species spawn in streams and would not likely be affected by the construction or operation of the Bailly Nuclear-1 plant. 2.5.4.4.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution. Salmonids were collected in greatest abundance by gill net during November 1978. Salmonids were more abun-dant at Station 4 (Tables 2.5-23 through 2.5-27). Overall (1974-1978) and yearly salmonid catches were usually higher at Station 4 (warm-water station) or were similar for the two stations, as noted in previous years. High catches of lake trout, the most numerous salmonid in the study area, usually occurred during the cooler fall months. Higher catches of other salmonids usually occurred during spring and summer. Juvenile chinook salmon were collected by beach seine at Station 24 in' June 1974, stations 23 and 25 in June 1975 and 1977, and at stations 24 and 25 in 1978. Mean total lengths of fish collected during 1978 (110.4 mm) were larger than fish collected during previous years (TI 1977, 1978), possibly indicating an earlier stocking date or an improved growth rate. 2.5.4.4.3 Food Habits. Seven lake trout, seven brown trout, five coho salmon, three chinook salmon, and three rainbow trout (steelhead) stomachs were examined to determine the food habits of adult calmonids collected in the Bailly area dur-ing 1978. Adult salmonids fed exclusively on fish, some of which were identified as adult alewife (Table 2.5-28). Few juvenile salmonids were collected during 1977; but based on the stomach contents of the seven juvenile chinook salmon ex-amined, insects were the primary food item in the diet (Table 2.5-29). Data pre-sented for fish collected during 1978 were consistent with previously collected data (TI 1976a, 1977, 1978). 2.5.4.4.4 Condition and Parasitism. Mean condition factors for coho salmon and brown trout collected during 1978 were higher than condition factors of fish collected during previous years, while condition factors observed for lake trout were lower than in previous years (Table 2.5-16). Chinook salmon and steelhead condition factors were similar to or slightly lower than condition factors of fish collected during previous years. No external parasites were observed on salmonids collected during 1978. h 2-140 science serylces, division-b, l (_ l >

O Table 2.5-23 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Chinook Salmon Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date C at c h A 1.ength + SE 2 Weight + SE Catth $ Length +

                                                                                              ',E
                                                                                              . E Welght ! SE       Catch Femples C/f 1974 0                                            0            -                      -            0     2     0.0 May Zh                             -                   -

0 0 - 0 2 0.0 Jun - - - Jul 0 - 2 9 'A . 0 + 11.3 104 5 7. 0 + 1500.5 2 2 1.0 Aug 3 880.0 + $0.0 8791 + 10 52.0 6 916.2 + 51.1 10074.0 + 1207.0 9 2 4.5 900.0 + 0.0 9194.0 + 0.0 2 717.0 + 68.6 4483.0 + 833.2 3 2 1.5 Oct 4 1 ~~ I 0  ! 0 2 0.5 Oct 24 0 - - 0 2 0.5 Nov 8 0 - - G - - 4 10 14 Tot at t ish 7 14 Tot al sample s 7 1.4 1.0 C/t 0.h 1975 , , , Mar - - Apr 17 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 May 22 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun la 0 - - 0 - - ) 2 0.0 Aug 8 0 - - 2 P69.0 1 1.4 8207.0 1 1040.8 2 2 1.0 Nov 3 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 0 2 2 Total s.eples 5 5 10 C/f 0.0 0., 0.2 1976 Apr ' 2 776.0 + 1.0 5603.0 + 1547.0 0 - - 2 2 1.0 Jun 6 0 2 - o - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 U.0 Total fish 2 0 2 Total sastples 4 4 8 C/f 0.5 0.0 0.3 1977 Apr 14 18 556.6 1 163.63 22n4 2 1 1792.78 9 627.8 t 129.73 2842.6 1 1930.55 27 2 13/5 Jun 11 0 - - G - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 26 1 745 3 0.0 4717. + 0.0 1 715 1 0.0 4536 + 0.0 2 2 1.0 Nov 23 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 19 10 29 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 4.8 2.5 3.6 1979 Apr 23

• J .' . 7 + 91.40 3111.3 + 1012.15 0 - -

7 2 3. 5 Jun 17 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 19, 21 5 861.6 ! 26.10 6537.6 + 488.97 2 758.0 1 '4.0 4721.5 1 272.5 7 2 3.5 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0" Total fish 12 ' 14 Tetal samples *

• 8 C/f 3.0 0.5 1.8 19' -1978 Tctal fish 37 2' 61 T-:til sarples 4 .* 48 C/f 1.5 1.0 1.3 L> s4mple.

                                                                /9.

a 4 g p{gPpIm Gud G;Nh g,g' m ,

                                                                                                                                            /

2-141 science services division

O Table 2.5-24 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Lake Trout g Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date Catch i Length + SE 5 weight + 5 t. Catch i Length + SE i Weigt.t + Si. Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 1 741.0 + 0.0 4500 + 0.0 0 - 2 1 0.5 Jun 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jul 0 - - 2 688.5 + 77.1 3693.0 + 1180.8 2 2 1.0 Aug 0 - - 0 - 0 0.0 Oct 4 21 6 78.0 + 4 3. 7 3185.0 + 6 79.0 40 679.0 + 59.2 3385.0 + 1156.0 61 2 0.0 Oct 24 35 694.0 i 56.6 3430.0 3 56 6 13 659.0 7 37.0 3071.0 i 461.0 48 2 24.0 Nov 8 18 659.0 -- 61.9 2761.0 I- 696.1 4 675.0 i 31.6 22 11.0 Total fish 75

                                                                                       -          3028.0 +- 412.8                  2 59                                               134 Total samples        7                                            7                                                       14 C/f               10.7                                            8.4                                                               9.6 1975 Mar               *            -                  -            *             -                     -              *      *

• Apr 17 0 - -

1 691.0 + 0.0 4047.0 + 0.0 1 2 0.5 May 22 2 20.5 0 2 2 674.0 1 14.1 3353.5 1 2 2 0 Jun 18 2 736.5 + 37.5 4287.5 + 340.1 0 Aug 8 2 2 1.0 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 3 28 674. 3 + 6 5.1 3012.8 + 1032.4 20 Total fish 32

                                       -                  -                  689.1 +- 55.3        3256.5 +- 289.3       48        2     24.0 21                                                 53 Total samples        5                                             5                                                       10 C/f                  6.4                                          4.2                                                               5.3 1976 Apr 7            0             -                  -            0             -                      -

0 2 0.0 Jun 6 0 - 0 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 0 - - 0 Nov 19 0 2 0.0 3 751.0 + 127.3 589. 7 + 95. 6 2018.7 1 848.0 2 _ 4160.0 + 2440.9 5 2 2.5 Totel fish 3 2 5 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 0.8 0.5 0.6 1977 Apr 14 4 658.0 + 34.92 '817.3 + 417.13 11

                                     '~

669.5 + 66.11 32 36. 5 + 957.22 15 2 7.5 Jun 11 0 -  ! 0.0 2 2 Aug 26 0 2 0.0 0 - - 0.0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 2 3 1 723.0 + 0.0 0.0 Total fish 3i41.0 +- 0.0 - 1 2 0.5 5 11 16 Total samples . C/f 8 1.3 2.8 2.0 1978 Apr 23 2 592.0 + 5.00 2531.0 + 34.0 0 - - 2 2 1.0 Jun 17 6 643.7 + 31 33 3447.3 A 562.87 0 - - 6 2 3.0 Aug 19, 21 11 Nov 19 631.8 5 14.84 2868.4 5 221.30 8 638.3 + 17.93 2 326. 8 .+ 256.50 19 2 9.5 41 679.9 + 8.87 3100.0 + 120.67 42 686.6 + 9.12 3129.1 + 144.57 83 2 41.5 Total fish 60 50 110 Total sample

• 4 8

C/f 15.4 12.) 13,8 1974-1978 Total fish 175 70 313 Total samples 24 24 48 C/f 7.3 2.9 6.6 No sample, m

                                                                                                                *          -h qQ4.0 g

3?ktG2 2-142 science services cfivision _ b[h 2b

O Table 2.5-25 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Brown Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 4 Station 7 Total Total Date Catch i tength 1 SE I Weight t SE Catch i Length 1 SE E Weight + SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 2 498.0 + 9.9 1910.5 + 99.7 0 2 2 1.0 Jun 1 595.0 i 0.0 3545.0 + 0.0 2 504.5 + 7.8 2042.5 + 160.5 3 2 1.5 Jul 1 508.0 + 0.0 1896.0 - 0.0 0 2  ! 1 2 0.5 Aug 0  !  ! O - - 0 2 0.0 Oct 4 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Oct 24 3 603.0 + 160.7 3411.0 + 2188.0 0 - - 3 2 1.5 Nov 18 0  !  ! 4 474.0 + 157.7 2023.0 1 1260.0 2 2 1.0 Total fish 7 4 11 Total samples 7 7 14 C/f 1.0 0.6 0.8 1975 Mar * - - * - -

• 0
• Apr 17 2 325.8 + '.1 436.5 + A2.9 2 382.5 + 219.9 1139.5 + 1430.4 4 2 2.0 May 22 0 - -

0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 18 0 - - 2 600.0 1 127.3 3290.0 1 2194.1 2 2 1.0 Nvv 13 1 420.0 + ~ 0.0 772.5 +- 0.0 2 395.0 +- 127.3 847.0 +~ 664.5 3 2 1. 5 Total fish 3 6 9 Total sansples 5 5 10 C/f 0.6 1.2 0.9 1976 Apr 7 4 491.5 ' 19.8 1593.3 + 395.5 2 479.0 + 52.0 1471.5 + $37.5 6 2 3.0 Jun 6 0  ! 0  !  ! 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 1 704.0 1 0.0 4981.0 + 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 Nav 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 5 2 7 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 1.3 0.5 0.9 1977 Apr 14 1 755.0 + 0.0 .217.0 + 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 Jun 11 3 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 25 0 - - 1 592.0 + 0.0 3583.0 + 0.0 1 2 0.5 Nov 23 0 - - 0 - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 1 I 2 Total samples . . 8 C/f 0.3 0.3 0.3 1978 Apr 23 6 516.5 + 23.36 2323.2 + 254.0 3 429.0 + 25.51 1210.7 + 170.49 9 2 4.5 Jan 17 1 432.0 + 0.0 1678.0 + 0.0 555.0 + 0.0 3402.0 +

                                     ^

1 0.0 2 2 1.0 Aug 19, 21 8 463.8 + 43.81 1481.5{415.932 476.05 89.0 1248.5 I_ s67.50 10 2 5.0 Nov 19 2 437.5 + 30.50 1154.5 + 158.50 0 - - 2 2 1.0 Total fish 17 6 23 Total samples 4 . 8 C/f 4.3 1.5 2.9 1974-1978 Tetal fish 33 19 52 Tctal samples 24 2. 48 C/f 1.* 0.8 1.1 So sserle, ns **>#' .'\ ! . [ K

              'ry A :@s pi%

(d m/li n: ]@m J ,w u UMg LNu, E d [ 3 to W.g r'n  : 3 / '/ /n p/ 4 2-143 science servicos division

O Table 2.5-26 g Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and Weights of Steelherd Trout Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 station = Station 7 Total Total Date Catch $ length + SE x Weight + SE Catch I Length + SE E Weight + SE Catch Samples C/f 1974 May 26 2 536.5 + 41.7 1556.5 + 440.5 1 191.0 + 0.0 68.0 + 0.0 3 2 1.5 Jun O  ! T 0  !  ! 0 2 0.0 Aug 3 773.0 + 14.7 5065.7 + 614.0 0 - - 3 2 1.5 Oct 4 0  !  ! O - - 0 2 0.0 Oct 24 2 388.0 + 16.9 679.0 + 120.2 6 385.0 + 15.3 - 8 2 4.0 Nov 18 17 406.0 i 27.6 702.0 i 118.3 6 335.0 i 15.7 - 23 2 11.5 Total fish 24 13 37 Total samples 7 7 14 C/f 3.4 1.9 2.6 1975 mr * - - * - - * *

• Ap r 17 0 - -

0 - - 0 2 0.0 May 22 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 13 3 350.3 t 62.2 381.4 + 112.5 0 - - 3 2 1.5 Total fish 3 0 3 Total samples 5 5 10 C/f 0.6 0.0 0 . 1976 Apr 7 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 6 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 12 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 0 0 0 Total samples 4 4 8 C/f 0.0 0.0 0.0 1977 Apr 14 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 11 0.0 - - 0.0 - - 0 2 0.0 Aug 26 G.9 - - 0.0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 23 3.0 - - 1 A l . ')

                                                                               +     0.0   1725.0 !    0.0    1      2         0.5 Total fish             U.'                                     1                                            1 Total samples          4                                                                                           8 C/f                    G.0                                     0.3                                                           0.1 1978 Apr 23               1  4 % . 0 _+ 0.0    1249.0 +     0.0  0              -                 -

1  ; 0.5 Jun 17 3 610.3 + 79.32 3366.7 + 813.78 0 - - 3 2 1.5 Aud 19, 21 e 7C3.0 + 25.08 3121.35; 567.53 0 - - 4 2 2.0 Nov 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Tot al f ish 4 0 8 Total s mples 4 4 8 C/f 2.0 0 1.0 1974-1979 Tot il fish 35 14 49 Tota l samp tr s '4 24 49 C/f 1.5 0.6 1.0 So sample,

                                                                                                     \
                                                            . gg @N{b$$fqd6.       $U 2-144                                science services division I

[') , R')) [ ']$ ' s

O Table 2.5-27 Catch per Unit Effort (C/f) and Mean Lengths and L' eights of Coho Salmon Collected by Gill Net, Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Station 4 Station 7 Tal Total Lat e La t ( ' a length + SE i'neight +SE titch N Lengt h + SE I Weight .+ SE Catch Samples C/f 19/* May 26 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jun 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Jul a - - 0 - 0 2 0.0 Aug 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Ost 4 0 - - 1 640.0 + ' 0.0 2813.0 + 0.0 1 2 0.5 Oct '* 1 45.0 + 0.0 5037.0 + 0.0 0 - Z 1 O.5 Nov 8 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 1 1 2 Total *amplen 7 7 14 C/f 0.1 0.1 0.1 19'S Mar * - - * - - * *

• Arr 17 11 45a.1 + 1 h.s 1154.1 + H28.2 1 462.9 + 20.4 88).3 + 112.8 45 2 22.5 Ma v 2 1 379.0 + 0.) 4%.0+ 0. r 0 - -

1 2 0.5 Jun 18 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 kg 8 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nov 3 1 6 4 4. 0 + 0.0 3048.0 + 0.0 0 - - 1 2 0.5 Total fish )) 14 47 Tatal narples 5 5 10 C/f 6.6 '.8 4.7 1976 Arr 7 0 - - 1 .28.0 + 0.0 792.0 + 0.0 1 2 0.5 Jun 6 0 - - 0 -  ! 0 2 0.0 Aag 12 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Nos 19 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Tatal fish 0 1 1 Tet al samples *

• 8 C/f 0.0 0.3 0.1 1977 Apr 14 1 411 + '

3M  ! 0.0 7 4 W .1 + .2. 08 102 ).O + 10 5.04 8 2 4.0 en 11 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 N 26 0 - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 3,v ;) v - - 0 - - 0 2 0.0 Total fish 1 7 8 Total samples 4

• 8 C/I 0.3 13 1.0

    !974 Apr 23              P     .d4.5 +        v.C   1 p; 4 +     ts.M ]         .70.7 1 2.92           1112.3 + 112.00      11        2        5.5 Jun 17                    523.5 +       3'.&   17 * . 5 + 343 ;4           576.8 + 9.17           '*

• 2 + 130.04 11 2 5.5 Aug 19, 21 0 -  ! O -  ! 0 2 0.0 Scv I) 1 3?5.0 + 0.0 2 %.0 + 0.0 0 - -

1 2 0.5 Tat 41 fish 11 12 23 Totil sa'ples

• 6 C/f .R 3.0 2.9 1974-14'8 Total fish 46 15 81 Tctal sa ples 4 48 C/f 1.9 1.7 No srp l e .

IE% O - nu p b F .*'+ A b ri!QT3 i c t, N n +u m ".;j -.c [avj s k j i i: ,, i . f i r-: f.d D - F dIh j' Ej w f)!d ct . b i u. uutaudus 2 a 2-145 aclence services division

                                                                                                                                   }             .

b;/ '- '

O J Table 2.5-28 Food Habits of Adult Salmonics Length Range - 305-857 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 24 Stomachs Empty -8 Frequency Percent Relative of Occurrence by Number Volume Food items (%) (%) (%) Fish 75.0 100.0 98.0 Alewife 37.5 63.2 78.1 Fish (unid.) 37.5 36.8 14.7 Fish remains 31.2 5.2 Digested material 25.0 2.0 Sand grains 6.2 Table 2.5-29 Fooo Habits of Juvenile Salmonids Length Range - 104-118 millimeters Stomachs Examined - 7 Stomachs Empty -0 Frequency Percent Importance of Occurrence by Number Index Food Items (%) (%) (%) Insecta 85.7 97.5 63.8 Insecta (adult) 71.4 34.2 24.3 Insecta (adult remains) 14.3 5.3 Diptera (adult) 14.3 2.4 3.0 Chironomidae (pupae) 57.1 29.3 3.0 Chironomidae (pupae remains) 28.6 Coleoptera (unid.) 28.6 4.9 12.7 Staphylinidae (adult) 14.3 2.4 1.8 Hydrophilidae (adult) 14.3 2.4 1.8 Arachnida (adult) 42.9 7.3 Corixidae (adults) 28.6 4.9 3.3 Corixidae (nymph) 28.6 4.9 3.0 Corixidae remains 14.3 1.2 Trichoptera (adult) 14.3 2.4 4.4 Veliidae (adult) 14.3 2.4 Aquatic insect remains 14.3 Amphipoda 14.3 2.4 Fish remains 28.6 11.0 Cycloid scales 14.3 Plant material (seed) 28.6 Digested material 85.7 25.2 sand grairs 42.9 O 2-146 science services division C, l }}l

O 2.5.4.4.5 Other Species. Other species collected in the Bailly vicinity by gill net included rainbow smelt (one at Station 4 in April and two at Station 4 in August), channel catfish and gizzard shad (one each at Station 4 in August) and gizzard shad (one at Station 4 in November). Eight rainbow smelt were col-lected by beach seine at Station 23 during August. All fish collected by gill nets were adults; fish collected by beach seine were young-of-the-year. The only gizzard shad gastrointestinal tract examined contained only a few food items (percent fullness ~1%) . Bosminidae (a small cladoceran) was the most im-portant food item by number (Table 2.5-30). Digested material was rated as the primary food item based on the importance index. Table 2.5-30 Food Habits of Adult Gizzard Shad Length Range - 565 millimeiers Stomachs Examined - 1 Stomachs Empty - 0 Importance of Occurrence by Number Index Food items (%) (%) (%) Copepoda (adult) 100.0 17.8 Bosminidae (adult) 100.0 76.8 Daphnidae (adult) 100.0 5.4 Digested material 100.0 100.0 Sand grains 100.0 Rainbow smelt ranged from 35 to 265 mm total length and had a raan condition factor of K = 0.566. The only channel catfish captured was 386 mm total length and had a ecndition factor of K = 0.770. Condition factors of gizzard shad are presented in Table 2.5-16. No obvious external parasites were observed on rainbow smelt, channel catfish, or gizzard shad collected during 1978. 2.5.5 COMMERCIAL AND SPORT FISHING. Commercial and sport fishermen are active in the Bailly Generating Station vicinity. Texas Instruments (1975, 1976a) reported that three commercial fishermen used the Bailly arca in 1974 and 1975, fishing primarily for yellow perch. There was only one commercial operation in the Bailly area in 1976 and 1977; information was not available for 1918; past commercial fishing records for the Indiana water of Lake Michigan indicated that 2-147 science services division n ( -. . . ,1

O yellow perch was the dominant species taken (Table 2. 5-31) . This single com-mercial fishing operation was conducted from Burns Ditch by a single gill net tug, the STELLA POLARIS, owned by the Westerman Brothers. The Westermans in-dicate that they do not fish in the Bailly study area because of probable in-terference with sport fishermen and that they set their nets at varying depths and locations, depending on the time of year but that they do not set nets within the 15.2-meter (50-foot) depth contour. Thus, their fishing operation is excluded from the Bailly Study Area. Table 2.5-31 Lake Michigan Commercial Fishery

• Reported Catch in Pounds (1970-1978)

Species 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Lake treut 8,079 25,790 13,903 R,400 R,003 12,929 5,651 1,541 405 Brown trout - - - 9 72 53 29 87 69 Steelhcal - - - - 13 - - - - Cobo 3,227 5,083 1,157 218 12 1,050 116 1,036 1,679 C h i rio0 x - . - 9 4 29 - 64 59 Chubs 74,390 23,489 38,262 35,668 4,401 910 1,641 1,244 8,619 Whitefish 3,816 22,636 999 868 111 172 155 600 890 Suckers 31,698 208,984 17,659 12,255 8,013 8,269 4,041 2,183 3.511 Yellow N rch 205,764 333,850 300,607 257,R83 176,338 153,799 176,2E6 155,810 91,938 Snelt 239 43,642 9,466 " 16,418 7,R52 5,463 1,363 3,770 Total production 334,600 784,R55 428,373 35?,000 213.385 185,063 193,382 156,439 111,341 Indiana Dept. Nat. Resources (1979).

     " Error on printou t.

Fishing in the Bailly vicinity and in all the nearshore Indiana waters of Lake Michigan is a highly popular sport. Texas Instruments field crews have ob-served many boats trolling in the Bailly study area and in the vicinity of the Bailly Generating Station discharge. Other fishermen have been observed along the flume structure, where bow hunting for carp and hook-and-line fishind for carp, salmonids and catfish are popular. The Indiana water of Lake Michigan has seven access sites with boat-launching ramps; three are located along Burns Ditch, two are in Michigan City, one is in Gary, and one is in East Chicago. Also, the Port of Indiana was recently opened to shoreline fishing on a limited basis. Sport fishermen from these areas primarily fish for salmonids (cobo and chinook salmon and lake, steelhead, and brown trout), yellow perch, and small-mouth bass. The total sport catch from Indiana waters of Lake Michigan in 1975 was 83.8 percent coho salmon, 5.0 percent chinook salmon, 4.0 percent yellow perch, 3.9 percent lake trout, 2.1 percent steelhead trout, 1.0 percent brown trout, and 0.2 percent smallmouth bass (Koch, 1975). 2-148 scieoco services division b , g;

                                                                                                                     '.G')
                                                                                                                     ! i s

O 2.5.6 PufENTIAL DISRUPTION OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES. Fish con-sidered to be endangered or threatened in Indiana are listed in Table 2.5-32. Specimens denoted with an asterisk were listed by J.L. Janisch, fisheries staff specialist, Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Those specimens bearing two astericks also were listed by Janisch and are reccgnized by Miller (1972) as well. Those specimens having three asterisks were not noted by Janisch but are considered rare or endangered in Lake Michigan by Miller (1972). Table 2.5-32 Rare, Endangered, or Threatened Fish Species in Indiana Eastern sand darter

• Ammocrypta pellucida
• Spring cavefish
• Chologaster_ agassizi Northern cavefish ** Amblyopsis spelaen Southern cavefish ** Typhlichthys subterreaneus Silverband shiner
• Notropis shumardi Ribbon shiner
• Notropis fumeus Fopeye shine:
• Notropis ariomnus Crystal darter
• Ammocrypta asprella Stargazing darter
• Percina uranidea Gilt darter
• Percina evides Spotted darter
• Etheostoma maculatum Harlequin darter
• Etheostoma histrio Tippecanoe darter
• Ethoestoma tippecanoe Spottail darter
• Etheostoma squamiceps Redside dace
• Clinostomus elongatus Rosefin shiner
• Notropis ardens Swamp darter
• Etheostoma swaini Blue sucker ** Cycleptus elongatus Ohio River muskellunge ** Esox masquinongv ohioensis Bluebreast darter
• Etheostoma camurum Variegated darter
• Etheostoma variatum Lake sturgeon ** Acipenser fulvescens Longj aw cisco** Coregonus alpenae Kiyi*** Coregonus kiyi Shortj aw cisco*** Coregonus zenithicus Blackfin cisco*** Coregonus nigripinnis Shortnose cisco*** Coregonus reighardi

  *According to Janisch 1976 (see text)
**According to Janisch (1976) and Miller (1972)

• • • Rare and endangered in Lake Michigan (Miller 1972) r '

2-149 science services division

O Neither were any of the species identified by Janisch as endemic to Indiana collected in studies conducted at the Bailly Generating S tation, nor were they considered indigenous to Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Of the known endangered species in Lake Michigan but not on the Indiana list, only lake sturgeon have been collected in impingement studies at Lake Michigan power plants; however, none were found to be either impinged or entrained at the Bailly Generating Station during TI 316(b) study (1976c) or collected in gill nets or beach seines. The five coregonid species listed are deep-water forms and are not expected in the shallow waters of the Bailly Cencrating Station vicinity. O h ; U-/ x-

                                                                                'io e

2-150 science services division

O 2.6 WATER QUALITY 2.6.1 INT RODUCT ION . As discussed in previouc annual reports , the Great Lakes have been a focal point of scientific interest since the 1800's because, as stated by Beeton (1970), they represent "the most important single factor for the settlement, growth and development of the mid-continent of North America." tbltiple-purpose use of the lake waters ias created a number of problems since the 1800's including collapse of fisheries, changes in species composition of primary and secondary trophic level organisms, and changes in water quality. With the realization that change was occurring came the establishment of water quality standards for Lake Fuchigan and other lakes. These standards will be used as the reference base herein. Criteria for Lake luchigan and other water bodies in Indiana are listed in Table 2.6-1 In the present study, Lake Fuchigan water quality was characterized through the analyses of five major groups of parameters, as listed in Tabic 2.6-2. Samples were collected during five months over the period April 1977 through January 1978. Data derived f rom these samples will be compared with data col-Iceted during the previous survey years and with the Lake Buchigan water quality standards (as outlined in Table 2.6-1). 2.6.2 METHODOLOGY. All water quality s amples in the Bailly Station vicinity were taken in duplicate using a 6.1-11ter Van Dorn sampler (for water samples), a J-Z sterile water sampler (for bacteria samples), and an Ekman dredge (for sediment samples). Samples from the ash settling basins (stations 13 through 16), the natural ponds (stations 17 throur,h 20), and Cowles Bog (Station 21) were collected at mid-depth (sediment samples from the substrate). Lake FRchigan samples f rom locations along the 15-foot contour (stations 1, 4, 7, and 10) were collected f rom 1 meter below the surf ace. Lake samples along the 30-foot contour (stations 2, 5, and 8) were collected 1 meter below the sur-face and 1 meter above the botton, while lake samples along the 50-foot contour were collected 1 meter below the surf ace, at mid-depth, and 1 meter above the bottom. Samples at stations 11, 12, and 22 were taken from 1 meter below the surface. @ 53 302 2-151 science services division

O Table 2.6-1 Water Quality Values Defined by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board, or USEPA and Applicable to Lake Michigan in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area g General water Quality Uni ts Indiana, USPHS or EPA Levels Alkalinity mg/t 30-500 range whatever is of natural origin ** Calcium mg/t No limits defined Chlorides mg/t 20 single values,15 monthly average

• Chlorine mg/t .002 mg/t**

Conductivity vmhos Color <800-1200 microthos/cm (at 25*C)* APHA units 15 single value maximum, 5 monthly average

• Dissolved oxygen mg/t Not 57 mg/t*

Fluorides mg/ Not to exceed 1.0 at any time

• Hardness mg/ 0-5000 range, natural origin **

Magnesium mg/ Odor No limits defined odor units pos-neg Single value 8 - daily avg 4* pH pH units 7.5-8.5* Potassium mg/t No limits defined ** Scdlum mg/t No limits defined ** Total dissolved solids mg/t 172 (Lake Michigan monthly avg) 200 daily max

• Total suspended solids mg/t Should not reduce the depth of the compensation for photosynthesis by more than 10%

Sulfate mg/t 50-single value; 26-monthly average

• Water temperature *C 3*F above existing 1000 f t from discharge or 45* (Jan-Nr) 55* ( Apr) 60* (Ny) 70* (Jun) 80*

(Jul-Sep) 65* (Oct) 60* (Nov) 50* (Dec), which-Turbidity ever is lower

• FTU None other than natural origir*

Aquatic Nutrient Armonia mg/* Nitrates 0.05 single value, 0.02 monthly average

• mg/t 10 mg/t***

Nitrites mg/t No limi ts defined ** Organic nitrogen mg/t No limits defined ** Orthophospha te mg/t Total phosphorus No limits defined - presumably less than total P. mg/t 0.04 single value, 0.03 monthly average

• Silicates mg/t No limits defined Trace Elements Arsenic, total mg/t Cadmium, total Not to exceed 0.05 at any timr*

mg/t Not to exceed 0.01 at any time

• Chrmium, hexavalent mg/t Chromium, total Not to exceed 0.05 at any time
• mg/t Not to exceed 0.05 at any time
• Ccpper, total mg/t Iron, soluble

1. 0" mg/t .30 single value; .15 monthly average

• Iron, total mg/t Lead, total 0.3 domestic supply; 1.0 freshwater aquatic life **

mg/t Not to exceed 0.05 at any time

• Manganese, total mg/t 0.05 "

Mercury, total mg/t Nat to exceed 0.0005 at any tice* Nickel, total mg/t Selenium, total 1/50 96 hr TL50 - = . 5-2 rg/ t*" mg/t Not to exceed 0.01 at any time

• Vanadium, total mg/t Zinc, total No limits defined" mg/t 5**

Indicators of Industrial and Organic Contamination Bacteria, feca? colifonu #/100 mt 20/100 (take Michigan open water 200/100 mt at Bacteria, total coliform beaches based on geometric mean of 5 samples

• e/100 m No limits defined **

Biochemical oxygen demand rg/ t No prescribed limits Chemical oxygen demand mg/t No prescribed limits Cyanide mg/t Hexane, soluble material Not to exceed .01 at any time

• mg/t No limits defired Phenols rg/t Methylene blue active sub- .003 single value; .001 monthly ave age
• mg/t No limits defined stances Total organic carbon mt,/ t No prescribed limits"
• Indiana Regulation SPC 4R-2 (1978)

             ** EPA Water Quality Criteria Data Boek (1976)
           *" EPA National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations Implementation (1978)

T.O . O bI / J U .)

                                          .nc 3e n n; 2-152                              science services division n m -'.

i 6_1u;p >gjd I qQ k q / S F ,sM!:N:"'!) 3 ti Vs s'

            ~ i        u o m la RA,  udNp    W  e Wb

O Table 2.6-2 Water Quality Parameters Measured in the Vicinity of the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area Parameter Station *ethed Ac c u r ac y f J A@AI1C Water Chemistry and Bacteriology Ceneral Water pality Alkalinirv, tatal 1-21 Tit ation it at 100 mg/l Calcium, soluble 1-21 exc 12 At mic abscrption 20.05 a.g/t Chierije, total Aato analysis 2/3% at 5 mg/l Chloride, tots 1 1-21 exc 12 titration Condactance, s pec if ic Cenductivity bridga 5% at 5G kmhos exygen, dissolved 1-21 Winkler and polaro- 20.1 mg/L graphic exvgen, saturation 1-21 Calculation N/A Odor. threshold 1-21 exc 12 Threshold N/A

                % gne s t am, soluble                 1-21 exc 12     Atomic absorption        20.004 mg/l Hardness                              1-21 exc 12     Tittation               2.9% at 232 mg/t pH                                    1-21            Electrode               20.1 pH Potassium, soluble                    1-21 exc 12     Atomic absorption       *0.005 mg/t scd:    ,  solable                    1-21 exc 12     Atomic absorption       ?0.005 mg/t Dissolved solids, total               1-21 exc 12     bravinetric             4% at 100 mg/l Saspended solids, tctal               1-21 exc 12     Gravimetric             4% at 100 mg/l sulfate                               1-21 exc 12     Colorimetric            3% at 100 mg/l Temper. tere                          1-21            Thermometer             +0.1*C Turbidity                             1-21            Nephclowtric            N/A Colcr, true                           1-21 exc 12     trandard filters        N/A Flucride, solable                     1-21 exc 12     Distillation            8% at 600 Lg/t A m ttc     ut rier ts Ammonia, seluble                       1-21            Au o   analysis         0.31% at 8 sat /iN Nitrate, soluble                       1-21           Auto   analysis          0.59% at 2.5 . gat /tN Nitrite, soluble                       1-21           Aato   analysis          0.59%    at   2.5 agat/tN Organic nit rogen, tctal               1-21           Auto   analvsis          1.25%    at   50 mg'tN nrthephosphate, soluble                1-21           Auto   ana? - -          1.991    at   2 Lgat/IP Phosphorus, total                      1-21           Auto ana:,, ,            0.891   at    30 mg/tP Silica, soluble                        1-21           Auto saal.., -           0.36% at 5 mg/sSiO2 Tra<e Flewnts Cadziam, tetal                         13-21          Atomiu arscrption        ?0.005 mg/L Chromiur. scluble hexavalent           13-21          Auto analysis            10.14% at 0.10 mg/l Chremium, tetal                        13-21          Atomic akscrption        *0.002 icg/L (cpper, total                         13-21           Atceic absorption        to.03 mg/t Iron, soluble                          13-21          Atomic absorption        ?0.05 mg/t
               %n aane se , total                    13-21           Ato=1c a5 sorption       t0.01 mg/l
               *ercurv      total                    13-21           Atomic    abserption     ?0.00C2 mg/t Nickel, tctal                         13-21           Ato=1c    absorption    *0.05 mg/t Zinc, tctal                           13-21           Atomis    absorption    *0.01 mg/l trad                                  13-21           Atomic    absorption    f0.01 mg/l Indicators of Industrial a r. d g nic t w e irat ie-Bacteria, fecal cc11ferm              13-21          *emtrane filter          N/A Bacteria, total coliform              13-21           Membrane filter         N/A Biochemical Oxygen rem 4nd            13-21          '41nkler and polaro-     23.1 mg/l graphic hexane-v s sie iterials               13-?1          Hexane extracticts       N/A Crganic Carton, total                  13-21          cembustion - IR          N/A Phenols                                11-21          Chloro f ern extrac tior to.0001 mg/t
               ' ethylene B1 m- Act ive v stance     13-21           spectrephotametric      ?O.02 mg/t Cv sn ide                              13-21          cvanide distillation ?0.C05 mg/l Chemical Ow on: e and                  13-21          Titrat'on                +^>.1  mall se di ent radmiu*, total                         13-20          Atcmic abse r; t ion     to.005 mg/t Crromt.m, tetal                        13-20          Atemic     absorption    t0.07 mg/l Cepper, tetal                          11-20          Atomic     abscrption    !O.03 mg/i Iron, tetal                            7.3-20         Atomic     absorptiun    ?O.05 mg/t Lead, tetal                            13-29          Atemic     absorption    ?0.06 mg/t Manganese, total                       13-20          Atoaic    absorptien     t0.01 mg/l Mercury trtal                          13-20          Atomic    abscrption     20.0C]2 g/t (flameless)
              $1ckel, .ctal                         13-20           Atomic absorption        *0.C5 mg/l c elenium, t zal                      13-20           At o:r i atscrption      10.C90 3 ag/t
     ,        Vanadium. t tal                       13-20           At a.i t atsorption      f0.002 mg/l Zinc, total                           13-20           Atomic .' sorption       to.C1 wg/t I        T he s p hc: ru s , total             13-20           men analysis             tl.08' at 2 Lgat/t 579 304 y   2-in                                   .cienco . mico, ais,i ion P

9 1O@a y* ud

           ' %yd 4

gh h.. W r )M MM

                                         %"M%

O All samples were preserved and processed following Standard Fbthods (APilA 1975 and EP!.19 73) techniques. Table 2.6-2 lists the sample locations, method and accuracy of individual analyses performed during the study. 2.6.3 RES ULTS , Results of monthly analyses for the 1978-1979 su rvey in the Bailly Station vicinity have been presented in previous quarterly re-ports (TI 1978b, 1978c, 1979a, 1979b). These parameters are presented by month in the following five classes: e General water quality parameters e Aquatic nutrients e Trace elements e Indicators of industrial and organic pollution e Sediments 2.6.4 DISCUSSION 2.6.4.1 General Water Quality Paremeters. Water temperature, one of the easiest and most commonly measured parameters in natural waters, is known to have significant effects on aquatic organisms. Fkan monthly temperatures for h Lake Fuchigan, the Bailly Station discharge, and the nearshore ponds are pre-sented in Figure 2.6-1. Lake Buchigan temperatures normally peak in July or August, ith the highest temperature recorded being 22*C ir. July 1974 and August 1978. August temperatures over the period 1974-1977 varied only 1 C. Discharge temperatures ranged fran 0 to 18 F above ambient Lake Michigan temperatures. A 316(a)(b) study conducted in 1976 (TI 1976b) indicated a mean discharge AT of 7.9 C. Thermal stratification was observed in August 1978, when an approxi-mately 8*C AT was recorded between the 30-foot (9.14-meter) and 60-foot (18.2-mete r) depth. No thermal stratification was observed during the remainder of the 1978 sampling period. During 1978, the interdunal ponds and Cowles Bog reached maximum temperatures in August with a range from 26 to 27.5 C. Funimum temperatutes were recorded in November 1978, ranging f rom 9 tc 10 C. Although temperatures are measured only quarterly (monthly in 1974 and early in 1975), pond temperaturcs no doubt fluctuate daily because of their ability to gain or lose heat more rapidly than largur water bodies such as Lake Fuchigan. Year 5 (1978) results were similar ggg 2-134 aclence services division i /

CONTINUOUS NATUPE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSMiPLING MONTHS. o 30

                                                                                                    \

2s

                                                                    \
                                                                                                      \                                                                   A
                                                                                             'i

( \ \ /\

                                                                                                                                                                     ' / b\

I \ \ hi \ \

         '   ~

ll\\ l 0

                                                                         \

A\ '

                                                                                                                                  , 'i]

lll!\\ y e 1 N1 1 I I

                                                                                                   /
                                                                                                      '\\                  (          /                         l I j

g"

             ~

I I l,

                                                                             \ss
                                                                               \               l

{ l I l l ~ j l $ J! I I 1 l b \ l .

                                                                                                                                                                 ,           y
                                   \\              (                                                                   ,

v\\ l i \ l l \' l I I I {/ ,I

                                      \\
                                       $\

I' y

                                                                                      \I i

I 1 \\(;

                                                                                                                                                   \ ',

y ,g/ 9 p\ vv s

              ~

RJ \! l

                                                            - - L AFE
                                                            --- PONDS o                                                                        DISCHARGE

$ 0 , q (f1 M J J A S 0 N M A M J A N A J A N A J A N A J A N g '4 1974 1975 1"76 1977 l 1978 l MONTH E i v; e c;) Figure 2.6-1. Temperatures Measured at Lake Michigan Control Station 95, Discharge Station 10S, C;s and F an Pond Temperature for Stations 17S-21S

O to those of years 1 through 4; i.e., the temperature of the smaller water bodies was generally higher than the lake (excluding discha rge temperatures). Ponds warmed sooner in the spring and cooled sooner in the fall. Based on the higher surface-to-volume ratios of the ponds, these changes were not unexpected. Oxygen content is equally as important to the aquatic community structure as temperature. Water low in dissolved oxygen caa harm fish and other aquatic life. An absence of dissolved oxygen brought on by the accumulation of oxidiz-able material may result in anaerobic conditions, especially near the sediment layers of the bottom. Oxygen content may be modified by such factors as tem-perature, phytoplankton composition, sunlight, nutrients, and decomposable or-ganic matter (Reid 1961). Solubility of oxygen increases with decreasing tem-perature and vice-versa. Indiana standards call for not less than 7 milligrams per liter of oxygen for Lake Michigan (Indiana Reg. SPC 4R-2). Oxygen content in Lake Michigan in the vicinity of Bailly Station during 1978 ranged from 8.1 to 11.8 millig ams per liter and 81 to more than 100 percent saturation. Percentage saturation levels averaged in excess of 95 percent. Oxygen levels in the interdunal ponds during 1978 were highly varicble, ranging from a low of 4.6 milligrams per liter in Cowles Bog (Station 21) in November to 15.0 milligrams per liter in June also in Cowles Bog. Percent saturation values over the same period ranged from 41 to 175 percent. Observed Jevels in the interdunal ponds (stations 17-21) were, with the exception of the marginal 4.6 milligrams per liter value at Station 21 in November, ample for the protec-tion of indigenous aquatic populations. Acidity or alkalinity of the water, as reflected by pH, is also important. Maxi-mum productivity generally occurs between pH 6.0 ce 8.0, and Indiana standards set a range of 7.5 to 8.5. The parameter pH, which is expressed mathematically aslog10h,isregulatedbythebufferingcapacityofthewater,acapacity generally controlled by carbonate and bicarbonate ions, although iron compounds and silica are also important (Garrels 1965). The pH is altered ty such factors as productivity and influx of external acidic or alkaline ions, and fluctuates through the day as CO 2 is utilized or produced. In 1978, pH in Lake Michigan ranged from 7.1 to 8.7, a range exceeding the standard. i} } .;i 2-156 science services division

G In 1976, t o pH in Lake Michigan varied from 7.3 to 8.3, a range also exceeding the standard while during 1975 pH ranged from 6.4 to 3.2; the 1974 pli range was 6.4 to 8 4. As discussed by the EPA (1976), normal surface water pH ranges from 6.0 to 9.0. Tolerance limits for most organisms fal' between 5.0 and 9.0 (when pH is the only factor considered [ EPA 1976]), and McKee and Wolf (1963) state that 90 percent of the waters supporting good fish populations have ranges of 6.7 to 8.3. On these bases, the pH range described in the Bailly vicinity is normal and should not cause any problems for indigenous species. The pH in the discharge was similar to the open-lake values, indicating that plant operation apparently doe not affect pH. Pond values were lower (i.e., more acid) than lake values, as in 1974 and 1976 but not in 1975, when values were similar. Values were particularly lower in the settling ponds, probably the result of ash addition to these ponds. ri: alues as low as 3.9 were re-corded in the settling ponds in 1978. Va?ues as Icv as 3.0 were recorded in 1977, 3.6 in 1976, 2.8 in 1975, and 3.5 in 1974. The pH at Station 21 (Cowles Bog) was generally higher than expe;ted for a bog area, with valum.- ranging from 7.0 to 7.8 (similar values wet , recorded in previous years); this is prob-ably due to the location of the sts. ion at the edge rather than center of the bog. Bog waters are generally charac_erized as being brown in color, high in nutrients and organic naterial, lower in pH, and with little or no oxygen in deeper areas (Reid 1961). Thes conditions generally exist at Cowles Bog, although the bog is also quite shallow and apparently does not become anoxic except perhaps under the ice in winter. The conditions observed during 1978 were similar to previous years' data for the interdunal ponds in the Bailly Station vicinity. Alkalinity is the measure of the ability of a solution to neutralize hydrogen ions and is generally expressed as an cquivalent amount of calcium carbonate (CACO3 ). This measure is the effect of a combination of substances comprising primarily carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydroxides (McKee and Wolf 1963). Mean quarterly alkalinity values in the lake ranged from 62 to 119 milligrams per liter, well within acceptable standards and ccmparable to past data. Alkalinity values for control Station 9S in Lake Michigan, plus values for the nearshore ponds, are shown in Figure 2.6-2. Alkalinity values at the discharge station khh were similar to lake values. These concentrations are similar to 1977, 1976, E t, /ai s j *1'L) 2-157 science services division

CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 350 -

                                                            --- PONDS B AND C
               ~
                                                            -- - LAKE (9s )
                                                            - - SETTLING POND COWLES BOG 250 -
   =
   } 200 m   $

M N a a cc

   $ 150       -

u 8

                                 +
                        ~               ~
                                             ,s-           s'~~~~~~%                           ^

p___._-~,_ a o .

                                                                                                                           .A.

F [ " A ,s /'N So

                                                                       /'                                                 /     Y--

8 f. , -v'M,'N.. e:. (*%,v p. / ^. . " ~ / ' = -

                         "y                            x                                              N_. s N

N g , ~ . /.

                                                                                              ,/ \      _ / n . . ' 'W-S.

O i i i i i i i % --f' "f n i i  : o _i MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV e g, _ '( 1974 1975 '976 1977 1978 [ Figure 2.6-2. Alkalinity Values as Recorded at Lake Michigan Station 9S, o Settling Ponds 13-16, Ponds B and C, and Cowles Bog o .., CD a

         @                                                                 O                                                           O

O 1975, and 1974; the observc 1 alkalinity levels are adequate for the mainten-ance of moderate buffering capacity and should keep pH within acceptabic ranges. Alkalinity in the nearshore ponds exhibited much wider variability, and all ponds except Cowles Bog exhibited generally low alkalinity (mean values less than 50 milligrams per liter, some below detection limits), an indication of low buffering capacity. Cowles Bog levels fluctuated widely from a low of 145 milligrams per liter in November 1978 to a high of 287 milligrams per liter in August. Similarly wide ranges were observed in past years and appear to be an annual occurrence, although the August 1977 peak was the highest observed to date. Observation of this and other water quality parameters indicates that the Cowles Bog area may be influenced or maintained by runoff. Because of this, the Cowles Bog area is potentially sensitive and will be closely moni-tore) in the future. The remaining parameters used as indicators of general water quality are often considered interrelated in their contribution to the chemical environment of water. Turbidity and colsr, suspended and dissolved solids, hardness, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulfates, conductivity, chlorides and fluorides, and odor will be discussed in groups. Turbidity is the property of water that causes light to be scattered and ab-sorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines. The presence of suspended solids such as silt, finely divided organic material, bacteria, and plankton de termines turbidity levels. Color is derived partly from dissolved solids and partly from suspended particulate material. Turbidity in Lake Michigan ranged from less than 0.1 to 51, while color levels remained at 1 Platinum-Cobalt unit throughout the year. Values for turbidity were relatively con-stant throughout 1978 in both the open lake and discharge waters, continuing a trend established in the period 1974 through 1977, and within ISPCB standards. High turbidities in the bottom sample at Station 9 may have been the result of sediment disturbance by the sample bottle. As expected, turbidity and color in the nearshore ponds were generally higher than in the lake; possible sources of both turbidity and color include organic growth and decomposition or contribu-tions of material from outside sources. Dramatically high color levels were observed in Cowles Bog (e.g., 350 Pt-Co units in August and November) probably r1 ', , . /'n

                                                                          / 3: U 2-159                  science services division

O the reruit of high levels of organic material. Color observed in the lake generally indicates " clear" water; the EPA (1973) has described waters below 45 APHA units as desirable for photosynthetic activity and lakes with levels of 0 to 5 units as highly transparent. In natural waters, suspended solids normally consist of silt and clay from erosion, particulate organic detritus, becteria, and plankton, while dissolved solids consist of carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, phosphates, and nitrates in combination with metallic cations such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and mag-nesium. Suspended and dissolved solids are important in the ecosystem, where the suspended solids, which include bacteria and phytoplankton, may be used by secondary consumers, and where the bacteria and phytoplankton can assimilate the dissolved solids in the form of nutrients and/or osmotic balancers. Suspended solids levels recorded in the Bailly Study Area were low (lees than 1.0 to 180.8 milligrams per liter with most of the values being less than 5 milligrams per liter) in the open lake and discharge, indicative of the low turbidity and color values in the lake. The 1978 data are similar to the 1974-1977 levels. Contribution by runoff to suspended solids levels was not apparent during any of h the years. The nearshore ponds exhibited varying levels of suspended solids throughout 1978, indicating man-related influences (ash particles suspended in settling pond water) or natural particulate matter addition from rainfall and sub-sequent runoff. It should be noted that natural pond (stations 17-21) levels were low, probably as a result of absorption or filtering of runoff by pond vegetation. This was also observed in data from previous years. Lake Michigan dissolved solids ranged f rom 52 to 1083 milligrams per liter. Values were generally similar to those observed during 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977 (Figure 2.6-3). Extremely high dissolved solid values found in June sam-ples were suspected to be the result of contaminated bottles. These data were not utilized. Variations in concentrations of dissolved solids probably re-sulted from runoff and changes in water circulation patterns near the shore. Nearshore ponds exhibited a highly variable pattern in dissolved solids (Fig-ure 2.6-4), probably owing to such natural processes as dilution and runof f, evaporative concentration, and assimilation of clements in biological metabolism. O j J \ 2-160 science services division

O c o.i t wm , v* a o c m a r. ; u sn n n i lu n m A wa r. :tiv is ' w s , u t m

• s ,

      ?

( '4 : - m - n { - g , , , , . , i i i i i i i i i i i i i e i i i > > > U W J. % tt A, MP Ca ' ' . W! W AN W MA f, NA AM JUN AM V1 AW M Ad W Af R JN A% W 1974 1975 1976 197/ 1978 Figure 2-6.3 Total Dissolved Solids Concentrations (mg/t) Observed in Lake

                             !!ichis;an in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Many factors affect conductance.                     Concentrations of dissolved solids are notably important, and there is usually a high correlation between conductance and cal-cium and magnesium ion levels, because the two elements are the most abundant ions in fresh water.                Lake Michigan conductance values during 1978 ranged from 242 to 310 micrombos, while 1977 values fluctuated from 240 to 325 micrombos.

Ranges of lake conductance values in previous years were 225 to 411 micrombos in 1976, 182 to 340 micromhos in 1975, and 160 to 340 micrombos in 1974. Va'.- ues for all four years fell well within ISPCB standards of <800-1200 micrombos. Conductance values in the ash aettling ponds, Pond B and Cowles Bog were gen-erally higher than in the lake; Pond C yielded lower conductance than the other ponds and conductance similar to the lake. The conductance value fluctuations observed in the ponds are not unusual for sbn110w bodies of water, which re-fler t environmental changes quicker than larger bodies of water. Conductance was particularly high in the ash settling (stations 13-16) ponds and Pond B. Values in the ash settling ponds appear to be relrted to coal-ash addition; seepage into Pond B from the ash ponds is speculated but unproved at this time. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and sulfate comprises a group which is important to the chemical nature of the water and which plays a role in deter-mining hardness of waters. They are considered together because of their solu-bility and because they do not generally form complexes readily (except for calcium, which may precipitate under alkaline conditions, and sulfates, which because they are oxidation products, react somewhat differently). Concentra-tions of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, fluctuated slightly during h 1978, a trend of values similar to 1974 through 1977. High sulfate values (high-er than ISPCB standards) were found during April at all pond stations except 2-161 science services dinslon q~n (j

o CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER DATA CONTINUITY THROUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. _ POND B

                                                                                                                   .     .        C0WLES B0G

_ _ _ _ POND C 960 - 880 - f it 800 - 1I fI y 720 - $ E 640 I

                                        !1
                                     />8 560 -

h. 1 E '

   -                             .l '            .
   ! 48
                              ./'             i \..
                                                                   .                                                                   /'

N

                     ,N 9 100     -f
                            '/ ,              i                                            4                                       /           \
                                                                         \.                              e s*

e y  ; \

                                                                                        ./  '\                                                  -

f. 320 -

                                   ,           t
                                                                                  -/
                                                                                     /                                        a j               \,                '

j. -

s

                                                \                                                                                                   N'/ /i O       240  -
                      ^

I t A \. [. ^ j l 's' '

         'so l              \                                              \-
                                                                                                    !,r~~.,,\',

lN

                                                           ^y g                 l      ~ ~ . .j                 L_.,                    l                                                ~
                                                                                 \                                                             l
$         80    s'                                            '
                                                               \ wj                %~~'

yl  %# #' 7 g 'O _J' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 0 MAY J'JN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APrt JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV. APR J U'i AUG NOV 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 7

,E   '-'               Figure 2.6-4.
     ~                                            Total Dicsolved Solids Concentration (mg/1) from Interdunal Pond Samples, 3                                                  NIP 3Co Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 t<

9 O O

O Statica 13 (higher than previous years) . The levels of sulfate in Pond C and Cowlen dog were reduced to near Lake Michigan levels during the remainder of the year. No exact explanation is evident and high levels may simply be the result of increased spring runoff. There are no defined ISPCB standards for any of the above parameters except sulfate. All of the above are found in what are considered to be acceptable concentrations in lake and discharge sam-ples. Their concentrations in Lake Michigan appear to be indicative of water of good environacntal quality. Results for all nearsbore pands revealed higher concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sulfates than in Lake Michigan, although levels in Pond C and Cowles Bog were periodically as low as lake values. Since the begianing of the study in May 1974, a trend of increasing sulfate concentrations has been observed in Pond B. An attempt was made to relate concentrations in Pond B to concentraticas in the ash settling pondc, particu-larly ash peads 2 and 3 (stations 14 and 15), which are located directly across the Bailly station access road from Pond B. Although a trend of increasing sul-fate concentrations was observed in the ash ponds as well as in Pond B, the re-lationship between the ash ponds and Pond B is not totally clear, as shown in Figure 2.6-5. Hardness is affected by a variety of ions, primarily calcium and magnesium, mainly because of the ability of these ions to remain in solution at high con-centrations. Since relatively small fluctuations (10 to 20 percent) in calcium and magnesium concentrations were observed in the lake, the result was rela-tively constant hardness for 1978, as in previous years. Hardness fluctuated more in the nearshore ponds than in Lake Michigan, as expected based on wide variability in ionic concentrations. For example, June 1978 calcium values ranged from a low 23.1 milligrams per liter in Pond C to 112 milli, rams per liter in Pond B. Variability was similar in other months. Chlorides, chlorine, and fluorides were found at low concentrations in both Lake Michigan and the interdunal ponds. Chloride levels have averaged 39 1 2 milligrams per liter in Lake Michigan since program initiation in May 1974. Values in the interdunal and ash ponds have been only slightly different and were relatively similar to Lake Michigan levels in 1978. Chlorine levels have E ~O 7 1 3// Jl 2-163 science serviu 4 division

CONTINUOUS NATURE OF CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INTER 0ATJ CONTINJITY TH OUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. IOO9

                                                                                                                                       *1 so'r                                                                                                                   i f         t                                      h#

8 8

                                                                                                                               #                                                  1 f          8 Il 7N  -

I ' 8 9

                                                                                                                                           ;                                !i
                                                                                                                                            ,                                     i 8                                                     1 I                                             >        I 600                                                                                                                             I 8                 g                                     !

I e i I '

                                     - __          ASH POND STATIONS 14-15                                               g                                                          I
         ^

O PCND B f g g ig k l i M T \ l 4 m s Sm es ,

                                                                                                                       ,f                       ;
                                                                                                                                                         ,I     g -sN                i i

n 5 A s' \ 8 s I l C s^ o' I i

                                                                                                                \ k't                                 I                              g
                     /
                            \                                            [       g                   g'                                                                               I ao                                                                                     '

N l t :l . ,s s$ \b- [ t I f I, i s s $ ,8  : I

                                                      ,.__,         l                i 300                                     '
                                                            's      I l

s , s * \,

• a s 'i

                                                \ /           \   S 1
                                                                                               '                                                                                        IS 200 -

t O 8 0 ' s e il 2 100 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' t t ' y MAY JUN JUL avg SEP GCT i,0V FEC MAR APR MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR J'vN AUG APet J U*i AUG NOV _O 1974 1975 1976 1977 1973 .a s . 9. 1

     -             Figure 2.6-5.          Sulfate Concentrations Recorded in Pond B and Ash Settling Ponds U:s Stations 14 and 15, NIPfCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 O                                                                                       O                                                                                                      O

O averaged 10 2 milligrars per liter in Lake luchigan since program initiation in Ray 1974. Values in the interdunal and ash ponds have been only slightly different and we re relatively similar to Lake Michi>;an levels in 1978. Chlor-ine levels have remained at or below limits of detectability (50.01 milligrams per liter) in both the lake and the ponds throughout the study, while fluoride levels have remained at approximately 2 milligrams per liter or less and during 1978 were less than 0.5 milligrats per liter in all samples. Odor, the last general water quality parameter to be considered, is restricted by Indiana standards to being less than 8 units f or a single value or a daily average of 4 units. The method for obtaining these values is to dilute the orf.ginal sample with odor-free water and smell it. A value of 4 indicates a sample having a detectable odor after dilution to one fourth of its original concentration. This was done for samnles from the Bailly vicinity, with values being reported as positive (mean value 4 or greater or single value(s) of 8 or greater) or negative (no detectable odor). Results for 1978 were identical to previous years' results. Lake samples had virtually no odor and were reported as negative in all cases. All settling pond samples were negative, but all natural pond sampics had detectable odors exceeding ISPCB standards, undoubt-edtly due to decomposition of organic material. This is natural for most small pond systems , except for relatively rare sand-bottom oligotrophic ponds, and was expected in the nearshore ponds. 2.6.4.2 Aquatic Nutrients. Nineteen elements have been reported as being essential nutrients for aquatic plants: boron, carbon, calcium, chlorine, co-balt, copper, iron, hydrogen, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, ni-trogen, sodium, oxygen , phospho rus , sulfur, vanadium, and zine (AWWA 1970). In this group the less common are as essential for plant growth as are the more coccon elemen ts -- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The ma-jor nutrients considered in the Bailly N-1 study were phosphorus (orthophosphate and total phosphorus), nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, and organic nitrogen), and silica. Studies by FWPCA (1968) have shown that ammonia, total phosphorus, and silica are not heavily concentrated in the nearshote areas of scuthern lake luchigan. The potential ef fect of additions of these elements, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, is as follows (from Schelske 1971): b j ') )iO 2-165 science services division

O e Increase in plankton biomass e Decreasing water transparency e Changing water color (apparent) e 6xygen depletion in the hypollenion e Changes in species composition These ef fects are generally considered undesirable, as they change the ecosys-tem, reduce recreational opportunities, increase costs for water treatment, and reduce or destroy aesthetic values. Conclusions from studies of Lake Fuchigan (Schelske 1971) are that 1) silica depletion will become an increasingly serious problem (values of less t! 'n 0.1 milligram per liter were reported as early as 1969 in southern Lake 111chigan by Schelske 1971); 2) phosphorus additions have caused an increased demand by diatoms f or available soluble silica supplies; and 3) because of the conditions 1 and 2, Schelske predicted a possible shif t from diatom-dominant populations to increasing green- and blue-green-dominant populations. An examination of the 1978 phytoplankton data from the vicinity of Bailly Station shows that such a shift mt. indeed be occuring. While dia-toms remain the biovolume dominant, green and blue-green algae dominated the density in June, Au gus t , and November 1978. g Silica (SiO )2 is a common component of natural waters. Silica is important, Lince diatoms incorporate silica into their frustules during reproduction. Un-like many other minerals, silica does not appear important in the composition of animal or plant protoplasm. As mentioned, silica concentration has decreased in Lake Flichigan since the early 1900's, and silica is now found primarily offshore away from the produc-tive nearshore zone. The downward trend in silicates in Lake litchigan is shown in Figure 2.6-6. In the vicinity of Bailly Station, silica concentrations dur-ing 1978 ranged f rom 0.05 to 0.55 milligram per liter; 1974 through 1977 data yielded similar ranges, although mean values did fluctuate by month, as shown in Figure 2.6-7. Silica wn found at considerably higher levels in the interdunal ponds than in Lake Micnigan (Figure 2.6-8) . Values in Ponds B and C tended to be lower in spring, a period of known diatom abundance, and higher in the sunmer. Values within Cowles Bog were erratic, ranging from 1.57 to 22.1 milligrams per liter. g 2-166 science services division l~; O /5 7 c, / jjf

P.0 - O O

                                      'os 5

w 1.0 - G M d w N N N 0.0 ' ' ' 1962 1970 1975 Figu re 2. 6-6. The Downward Trend in Silicate Concentrations (mg/E) in Lake Michigan during the Period 1962-1975 (Fr om Verdium, 1977 - data compiled f rom 1962 data of Risley and Fuller [1965],1970 data of Schelsk.e and Roth (1973] and 1971-1975 data collected by NALCO Environmental Sciences for Commonwealth Edison Company)

          ,0NTINUOUS NATURE CF CC%ECTING LINES DCES NOT INFER DATA CONTINJITY THROUGH NONSMFLING MONTHS.

0 1 .0 - X 5 2 7 w Y 0.5 - 8

          , ND ND ND 1   1  I   t   f   t  i      i  t t      i     1   a     1   1      I     i    1       1        1    I    a      t    a MAY    J2      gr.'   NOV   FES APR JUN AUG        Nuy   APR JUN AUG NOV       APR JUN AUG NOV       APR JUN     AUG NOV 1974                         1975                     19'6                      1977               1973 ND = NO DATA Figure 2. 6-7.              Mean Silica Concentrations (mg/1) at Lake Michigan Stations in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 2-167                          science services division i r, g/o i
                                                                                           /         I l ', )

O O CONTINUOUS NATLRE Of CONNECTING LINES DOES NOT INFER CATA CONTINUITY TnROUGH NCNSAMPLING MONTHS. 2} PGND 6 - STATION 17 15 9 - 3 - 13 0 18 AUG AUG AUG AUG 21 15 - pCND B - STATION 18 9-3 ND ND

           -'--4-*~                        '          '     '            '        '             '        '  '    '     '      '   '

0 "19 AUG AUG AUG AUG ,,q 21 - E - a 15 - POND C - STATION 19 h9 - 9 -

       ~
       ,"               i U
                                ,                                        b                   i           ,             ,M 20                                       AUG                           AUG                    AUG                  AUG 21 -

15 - POND C - STATIC 1 20 J

       ~

3

       - h'$,""\ \,
                                ,          M,                            M                   ,
                                                                                               +

21 AUG > AUG A"G

                                     ,8.8 3

01 - 31.C 15 -

                             ,e 9   ,p' CCWLES COG 3 -

g e Q t I t I f 1 i f I I I s I f i i 1 MAY JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG NOV APR JUN AUG P0V 4 APR JUN AUG NCV AFR JUN AUG NOV 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Figure 2. 6- 3. Silica Concentrations (mg/1.) over the Period May 1974-November 1978, Interdunal Ponds, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area 2-168 science nervices division tn p? / g/ >!/

O 'e Phosphorus occurs in many forms in aquatic ecosystems. The fully oxidized state, phosphate, is the principal form in naturally eccurring phosphorus com-pounds. Orthophosphate (P03 f ) is generally the least abundant nut rient in natural waters. although i t is the active component involved in growth of green aquatic plants. Considering the principal f orms of phosphorus, dissolved ortho-phosphate makes up only 0.21 percent of the total, while particulate phosphorus represents 98.5 percent of the total. Concentrations of orthophosphate and to-tal phosphorus in Lake Michigan during 1978 ranged f rom 'O.002 to 0.310 milli-gram per liter and <0.002 to 0.540 milligram per liter respectively. The high orthophosphate and total phosphorus values were apparently caused by sample bottle contamination (see Appendix Table G-7) . Other values (those not be-lieved contaminated) were comparable to the 1977 and 1976 Lake Michigan levels. A possible source of the high concentrations is Burns Ditch, which is relatively close to Station 2 and which is one of the major eources of phosphorus input to Lake Michigan (Tab le 2.6-3). Because of the randcm distribution and occurrence of the higher phosphorus levels at the Bailly site, concentrations do not appear to be related to plant operations. Phosphorus (orthophosphate and total) loadings in the nearshore ponds were gen-erally similar as a group to those in the lake. Concentration varied f rom <0.002 to 0.500 milligram per liter for orthophosphate and <0.002 to 0.632 milligram per liter for total phosphorus. Ran ges for previous years were similar as shown for phosphates in Figure 2.6-9. Values were high in Ponds B and C in the ini-tial month of study (April), but decreased to lower and f airly constant levels thereafter. Levels in Cowles Bog were much more variable; peak in phosphorus each year were recorded in June or August. Th ' remaining major nutrient measured in the Bailly Station study was nitrogen, which exists in several forms in the aquatic ecosystem, including dissolved ni-trogen gas (N2 ) , ammonia nit rogen (NH4 +) , nitrate salts (NO3 ), nitrite (N02)' ions, and organic nitrogen compounds (primarily ar t vibutable to the presence of aquatic life). The community structure of the aquatic ecosystem can be influ-enced by the concentration of the above forms, which are commonly made available to the aquatic ecosystem through biological processes (such as nitrogen release, denitrification, nitrification, and nitrogen fixation). Most of the nitrogen other than gaseous N3 it in the form of organic nitrogen (Sauchelli 1964, as 2-169 anlence services division C~ ( ;n J<O / Jw G

O Table 2.6-3 Contributions of Total Soluble (PO )( ) and Silica to Lake Michigan by 19 Tributaries (1963-1964) .4 Data from Ayers (1970) I Hean concen-trations Loading mp/1 lbs[ day I Hean Total Total flow saluble SiO e luble Sto y 2 cfs l'O PO 4 Boardman 186 C.20 7.5 275 10328 Hanistique 845 0.04 5.8 182 26400 Hanitowoc 83 0.62 5.7 277 2550 Sheboygan 132 0.40 3.9 285 2780 Milwaukee 191 0.61 2.8 628 2880 Burns Ditch ]$0 1.8 10. 1456 8090 St. Joseph 2060 0.24 6.4 2670 71000 Kalamazoo 1140 0.21 5.9 1290 36300 Grand 1900 0.52 5.3 5330 54300 Huskegon 1731 0.06 5.6 560 52300 Pere Marquette 570 0.03 7.8 92 24000 Fox 4420 0.28 9.4 6670 224000 Oconto 790 0.17 9.2 724 39200 Peshtigo 890 0.08 9.8 384 47000 Henominee 3250 0.11 4.4 1930 77100 Ford Escanaba 337 1017 0.04 0.06 7.0 7.0 73 329 12700 38400 h l<apid 80 1.59 3.1 686 134(/ Whitefish 227 0.18 5.7 220 6980 Sums 24,061 737,64

a. Po values should be divided by 3 to convert concentrations z

to phosphate as phosphorus,

b. Ayers has corrected the sums to account for ungaged drainage and f or n.can f lows that were smaller in 1963-64 than the long-term cican flows. 'lhe combined correction increases the sums by a f ctor of 1.3.

3 3 200-300 mg/m NO -N and 10 mg/m PO 4

                                                      -P end greater concentrations dur-3 ing the winter are suf ficient to cause phytoplankton problems.

Because nutrients flow into most lakes throughout the year, another way of Tooking at the problem is in terms of loading on an annual basis. Vollenweider has /:=veloped a loading scale for phosphorus and nitrogen from data for European lakes based on the average depth of a lake. The utility of the loading scales depends on many f actors other than average depth, including depth of photic zone, residence time of water in the lake, and rates of mixing in relation to the surfare area of the lake. In other words, any process that ten.S to maintain phosphorus in the system f rom year to year will decrease th. permissible or dangerous loadings. O 2-170 aclence services divialon p .- _, J,/ ;m l

O 9 CONTINUOUS NATURE OF C0%ECTING LINES DOES N:T INFER DATA CONTINUITY THJOUGH NONSAMPLING MONTHS. 14 - LAKE MICHIGAN CONTROL STATION 95 10 - 6 -

         ~

s 2 - l l t 1 i i  ! l 1 i 1 i l 1 i I 32 _ POND B 24 - 16 - 8 -

  ,                                                                                                                             i     i 3

2 2

  $,                                            00'O C w

g 24 - m 16 8 i i i M e

                                                                            *HIGH VALUE IN REP 20a 137                                               E)             CISCOUNTFn A: SAMPLE CCWLES EOG                      r.eN T Ay t sA , ,

sc 3: 1 I I l l 1 I i i I e MAY AUG N2V AFR JLN AUS NOV AFR JLN ALG NOV AFR JUN A't NOV AFR J UN AUG NOV 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 MONTH Figure 2.6-9. Orthophosphate Cancentrations (parts per billion) from Lake Michigan Control N:ation 9S and Interdunal Ponds, 1974-1978 2-171 aclence services division

                                                                                                              -,.,o s'  j

O recorded f rom AA'A 19 70) . Inorganic nitrogen f orms se ldom exceed concent ra-tions of a few milligrams per liter in surface waters, although they may reach 100 parts per million in ground waters. The con cent rat ions of nitrogen in the water varies widely in the U.S., ranging from 0.1 to 3 milligrams per liter. ISPCB o r U.S. EPA standards pe rm it the following maximum levels Ammonia - 0.05 milligram per liter Nitrates plus nitrites - 10 milligrams per liter Total organic nitrogen - no limits set Of the nitrogen found in nature, organic nitrogen, as mentioned, is the pre-dominant form, followed closely by nitrate nitronen (Hutchinson 1957). This is particularly true in the summe r because of rapid incorporation of organic nit rogen by 3;reen plant t issue and because of the more complete nitrification occurring at this time. Ammonia nitrogen concent rations in Lake Michigan were similar in April and June, decreased in Aul;ust , and then increased in November (Table 2.6-4). Some-what similar trends were observed in past y ea rs . Values for ammonia exceeded ISPCB standards only during November 1978 at stations near the plant discharge; g values exceeded ISpCB standards in portions of all previous years; power plant operation has seemed to ha"e little apparent relationship to these excessive values. Significantly f( . .> ammonia values were in excess of state standards during 1978 than during 15/7 when standards were exceeded during all months sampled. During all five years, ammonia values were high at many pond stations, in some cases exceeding standards several fold. These levels were due primarily to microbial activity on detritus and possibly the introduction of ammonia from external sources. The excessive values in the ponds were probably of natural origin, as from decomposition products. No extremely detrimental concentrations of ammonia were observed during 1978, 1977, or 1975 sampling periods in the nearshore ponds. During Septembe r 1974 a 1.66-milligram per liter value was recorded at Station 20 while a 1.54-milli-gram per liter value was recorded at Station 17 in November 1976. Both alues are in excess of the 0.29 to 0.41-milligram per liter levels noted by Ball (1967) as being lethal to lake trout and yellow perch (neither of which are 2-172 science. . services div,ision l f p

O Table 2.6-4 Concent rations of Ammonia, Nitrate , Nitrite, and Organic Nitrogen Recorded at Lake Michigan Cont rol Station 9S and Interdunal Pond Stations 17-21, May 1974-November 1978 Location Ammonia Nitrate Ni tri te Organic Nitrogen Yea r tbnth 95 Pond 95 Pond 95 Pond 95 Pond 1974 May 0.06 0.15 0.03 1.90 0.006 0.008 0.10 0. 31 Jun 0.02 0.06 0.18 0.02 0.006 0.006 0.31 1.22 Jul 0.004 0.53 0.16 0.02 0.005 0.004 0.16 1.82 Aug 0.004 0.11 1.45 0.04 0.007 0.004 0.34 1.24 Sep 0.04 0.49 0.17 0.01 0.005 0.004 0.23 0.98 Oct 0.03 1.22 0.10 0.01 0.004 0.006 0.11 1.45 Nov 0.05 0.81 0.26 0.05 0.005 0.004 0.18 1.16 1975 Feb 0.10 0.66 0.27 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.15 0.77 Ma r 0.05 0.12 0.29 0.006 0.003 0.004 0.G5 0.48 Apr 0.03 0.058 0.27 0.03 0.004 0.002 0.09 0.41 bby 0.07 0.060 0.31 <0.04 0.008 0.004 0.20 0.46 Jun 0.04 0.049 0.23 <0.04 0.006 0.002 0.13 0.60 Aug 0.02 0.054 0.18 0.04 0.005 0.002 0.17 0.56 Nov 0.008 0.089 0.13 0.05* 0.004 0.005 0.12 0.67 1976 Apr 0.03 0.112 0.26 0.37 0.004 0. r,03 0.17 0.28 Jun 0.02 0.430 0.18 <0.04 0.004 0.002 0.05 0.36 Aug 0.01 0.213 0.18 <0.04 0.007 0.002 0.13 0.30 Nov 0.05 0.572 0.14 0.35 0.005 0.005 0.07 <0.04 1977 Apr 0.02 0.206 0.26 0.06 0.002 0.003 0.18 0.32 Jun 0.04 0.293 0.24 0.11 0.002 0.007 0.14 0.54

             'ug      0.01     0.061  0.14      0.01    <0.002       0.002      0.11    0.27 Nov      0.07      0.07L  0.21      0.04      0.003      0.002     0.19     0.37 1978     Apr      0.04      0.042  0.25      0.166**   0.003      0.002**    0.71    0.90 Jun      0.02      0.100  0.95      0.103**   0.003      0.009     0.44     0.76 Aug      0.01      0.013  0.15     <0.040   <0.002       0.005     0.23     0.59 Nov      0.04      0.177  0.16      0.060     0.003      0.004     0.31     0.91
    *5 ample contamination in three samples; thase values were deleted in calculation.
   ** Sample values below detection not used in calculation.

thought to be found in Pond B) in 2 to 7 days (LD50 r 50 percent death in 2-7 days). Other species (e.g. , green sunfish or bluntnose minnow which could po-tentially be in the pond) would not have been as susceptible to these concentra-tions (Henderson et al 1960, Hemens 1966, Summerfelt and Lewis 1967) but prob-ably would have moved from the zone. Because of the wind-mixing potential of these shallow ponds, it is unlikely that toalc levels of mamonia were reached, and no dead fish have been noted during sample collection. 2-173 I~O scie 6ce services division dl / JL \

O This same nitrogen load that controlled ammonia levels undoubtedly also affected nitrate and nitrite loadings, total levels of which must be below 10 milligrams per liter by U.S. EPA standards. Leve ls in the lakes and ponds never exceeded this value during the four years. Although nitrate values in Lake Michigan were higher than normal during November 1975, with concentrations at Station 5 of 2.80 milligrams per liter and at Station 6 of 2.80 and 3.40 milligrams per liter, levels during 1976 and 1977 never exceeded 0.3 milligram per liter; 1978 values were similarly low and usually below 0.2 milligram per liter. Concen-trations in the interdunal ponds were usually lower. Concentrations f rom com-parable months (insofar as data were available) of 1974-1978 are shown in Figure 2.6-10. With the exception of a relatively few higher values, nitrate levels in Lake Michigan and the ponds were stable. Average levels in Cowles Bog were the lowest observed in the study, of ten below the 0.04 milligram per liter detec-tion limit. Nitrites occur in very minute quantities in unpolluted waters (Reid 1961) ; ap-preciable quantities of nitrite are characteristic of sewage contamination. llh Seasonal variation in nitrites generally followed nitrate concentrations. Since all green plants require nitrate, the amount of nitrite, which is converted to nitrate by nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrobacter, is often quite low at the end of the growing season. This appeared to be the case in the Bailly study, where levels less than or equal to 5 micrograms per liter were reported by the end of the growing season. Concentrations of nitrite in the ponds were generally lower than in Lake fuchigan, with the exception of several of the ash settling ponds which may receive some nitrite addition via sanctuary wastes. Organic nitrogen is formed and degraded primarily by biological action. The commonly recognized forms of organic nitrogen are proteins and their deriva-tive s -- purines , pyrimidines , and urea (AWWA 1970). The concentration of organic nitrogen can be expected to vary seasonally in natural waters such as Lake Michigan. Total organic nitrogen is a valuable indicator of the productivity of a body of water. Lake Fuchigan organic nitrogen values in the vicinity of Bailly Station ranged f rom 0.09 to 0.74 milligram per liter during 1978. Values for 2-174 science services divialon E 'O 7

o

1. 6 l-

1. 4 .

               .                                       L Air F:' r!' A4 (CNTRJL 5' All:N 75 g 0.8       -

0.4 -

                                                                                  ^                          _

i j i I I i  ! I l I t i E 1 i f f I 4 . O ,' 1' r,si a

      ?..

7 . 1 -

                               ~W            -
         .f:

C Y -

• I l s i a i t* f* M t- -

               -                                                        (J.LE5 E:
        .10    -

E r~ > 1 1 1 i 1 2* * * /, MAY J' N ALG N 7v AT R J% A fa  %;v AFR ;tN AuG  %^t Arg Jun Aug Nov Ara _i, A;G ,,3 y 1974 1975 1476 1977 1978 (CSIINck1 NAIJf CF GSNECil% L l'4E5 W[ 5 ?."T %5 iR i,.T A C0%;!v;]Ty 'rggur,s NnN;Avrt ! 5G wy,',,5 V a l ue s t-e l aw I w i t. cf detectier Figure 2. 6-10. Nitrate Nitrogen Concentrations (mg/t) at Lake Michigan Ocntrol Station 9S and Interdunal Fonds, 1974-1978

                                                                                                                                                         , (,)

is . s -) O! / J L'. 2-175 science services division

O previous years were in the same range. Values in the ponds exhibited individ-ual rang"s from <0.03 to 1.49 milligrams per liter. Values from the ponds in h previous years were similar. The interdunal ponds, especially Cowles Bog, ex-hibited generally higher concentrations and greater fluctuations than Lake flichigan. The previous years' studies revealed similar trends. The relatively low organic nitrogen concentrations in the lake were substantiated by low phyto-plankton productivity results, while higher organic nitrogen concentrations in the ponds indicated a higher productivity, as substantiated by results of con-current phytoplankton analysis. ' observations of the concentrations of the above described aquatic nutrients re-vealed that the waters of southern Lake Flichigan in the study area are environ-mentally of excellent quality and can support diverse aquatic communities; the nearshore ponds are somewhat more enriched (with the exception of silica) but should, and do, support a diverse communtiy. 2.6.4.3 Trace Elements in Water. Trace elements are as essential to plant growth as are the more common compounds such as nitrates, phosphates, and silicates. Howeve r, just as with the nutrients, an overabundance of a trace llh e lement can cause problems to the indigenous flora and fauna. For example, copper is important for algal growth at low concentrations but at higher con-centrations inhibits algal growth. Mercury can become concentrated in fish and other animal tissues and is linked to poisoning and reduced reproduction. Cad-mium, lead, and zinc are known toxic metals to which some plants (such as Typha latifolia, broad-leafed cattail) can develop a tolerance (McNaughton et ai 1974), thus preventing devoid areas in the vicinity of known concentrations of these elements. Copper, nickel, and zine have been shown to be toxic to some fish species by investigators including Renwoldt et al (1971) and Doudorof f and Katz (1953). With this background and other literature in mind, water quality standards for the great majority of these elements have been proposed. For the State of In-diana, these have been presented in Table 2.6-1. Data collected in the Bailly Station vicinity will be compared with these standards. During the period April 1976 through Bhrch 1979, in Lake Buchigan, samples for trace element analysis were not scheduled for collection. During 1974, cadmium 2-176 science services division

                                                                          /    3dI

O concentrations were reported in excess of limits in seven of 42 samples col-1ected in Lake flichigan during October. This is the only known excessive occur-rence. During 1975 and 1976, many of the trace element concentrations were at or below analytical detection limits, an indication of water of good quality for existing biota. The trace element survey in the nearshore poads revealed no trends, but constant fluctuations of all values. Cafnium, manganese, and nickel were found in con-centrations greater than ISPCB limits during 1978. Mercury, which had been found at greater than U.S. EPA recommended levels in 1974 and 1975, was not found to exceed these levels in 1976,1977, or 1978 samples. Table 2.6-5 shows those elements in excess by month for the 1978 collections. Tables 2.6-6, 2.6-7, 2.6-8, and 2.6-9 show excessive values for 1977, 1976, 1975, and 1974, respec-tively. The other element showing values above limits during past years was iron. During 1978 iron levels were below maximum standards. The source of this element is thought to be airborne input from nearby steel producing f acilities. Cadmium, lead, and manganese were found in all ponds during 1978 in at least one of the quarterly samples. Coal-ash deposition is thought to be the cause for the levels in the ash ponds; subsequent seepage to Pond B is speculated but un-proved as the source of manganese in Pond B. Table 2. 6-5 Trace Element Concen t rat ions Exceeding Indiana Standards as Re corded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area,.ipril 1978-March 1979 Stations

• Element 1-10 Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Cadmium Apr, Nov, Aug Jun Chromium

opper Iron Lead Manganese Apr, Nov Mercury Nickel Nov Zinc No. of values 6 1 0 0 in excess

        *No samples collected at these stations 2-177                    aclence services division E

O i 770 J c. U

O Table 2. 6-6 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Tndiana Standards as Re co rded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1977-March 1978 Stations

• Element 1-10 Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Cadmium Apr, Jun Aug, Nov Chromium Jun, Nov Jun Copper Iron Apr, Jun Aug, Nov Nov Apr, Jun Aug, Nov Aug, Nov Lead Aug Manganese Apr, Jun Nov Nov Mercu ry Nickel Zinc No. of values 14 3 1 5 in excess

    *No samples required at these stations O

Table 2.6-7 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards as Re co rde d in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, January 1976-March 1977 Stations

• Element 1-10 Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Cadmium Apr, Jun Apr Aug, Nov Iron Apr, Jun Apr, Aug Jun, Aug Jun, Aug Manganese Apr, Jun Apr Aug, Nov Nov Chromium, Aug Hexavalent Chromium, Total Aug Nickel No. of months x 14 6 2 2 No. of occurrences

 *Not sampled for these elements in 1976                                       ;

2-178 science services division

O Table 2.6-8 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards as Reco rded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1975-March 1976 Stations

• Element 1-10 Ash Ponds Pond B Pond C Cowles Bog Mercu ry Mar, Jun Jun Nov May Cadmium Mar, Apr May, Aug Nov Iron Mar, May Mar, Jun May, Apr Mar, Jun Aug , Nov Jun Nov Manganese Ma r, Apr Ma r , Ap r Apr, May Apr, May May, Jun May, Aug Nov Nov Aug, Nov Nov Chromium Nov No. of months x 18 8 7 7 No. of occurrences

     *None Table 2.6-9 Trace Element Concentrations Exceeding Indiana Standards as Re corded in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, May 1974-February 1975 Stations Element                1-10        Ash Ponds      Pond B          Pond C     Cowles Bog Mercury                              May, Jun      May, Jun        May, Jun     Jun, Feb Jul, Aug      hov, Feb        Nov, Feb Nov , Feb Cadmium                  Oct         May, Jun      Aug Jul, Aug Sep, Oct Nov Iroo                                 May, Jun      Jul, Aug        Jun, Jul     Jun, Jul Jul, Oct      Sep, Oct        Aug, Sep     Aug, Feb Feb           Feb             Oc t , Feb Manganese                            May, Jun      Pay, Jun        Jun, Jul     May, Jun Jul, Aug      Jul, Aug        Aug, Sep     Jul, Aug Sep, Oct      Sep, Oct        Oct, Feb     Sep, Oct Feb           Feb                          Feb Chromium                             May, Nov      Nov             Nov          May, Jun Jul No. of months x           1              27            18              17           16 No. of occurrences r-     .    /7D D ; (J     )JU 2-179                          science services division

O Iron has received particular attention. Although lethal levels are estimated by Shaw and Gruskin (1967) as 100 milligrams per liter (for Daphnia magna) and the observed concentrations did not approach this level, ( ancentrations approaching 20 milligrams per liter were observei in November 1977 in both Pond B and Cowles Bog, as well as within the ash ponds. Although ash pond water may be laaching into Pond B and carrying iron with it, the source of the iron in the more distant Cowles Bog is less clear, particularly since Pond C iron coacentratiens were low. Probable sources for the element are being searched for at this time. These high iron concentra tions did not recur in 1978 w.'.th no direct source being resolved. Because of the scattered nature of excess values, the observed high and low values may be a normal pond cycle. The increases are possibly due to changes in solubility or to additions f rom exterr_al sources (possibly airborne pollu-tants f rom nearby n.anuf acturing f acilities) . Decreases may occur through dilu-- tion by rainfall or through uptake by the aquatic flora or sedimentc. The dra-matica11y lower iron levels found during 1978 are not understood at this time in relation to previous years' data. Whatever the source of excess trace elements in tne ponds, the indigenous pond O populations have suf fered no apparent ill effects. As mntioned in other sec-tions, productivity in the ponds is higher than in the lake, and species com-position is varied. 2.6.4.4 Indicators of Industrial and Grganic Contamination. As with the other parameters studied in the Bailly Station vicinity, indicators of indus-trial and organic contamination are represented by several parameters : fecal and total coliform bacteria, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD) , total organic carbon (TOC), c.yanides , phenols , hexane-soluble materials , and methylene blue active substance. All have limits prescribed in Indiana or U.S . EPA standards, as listed in Table 2.6-1. These standards will be used for comparison to all data presented. Fecal and total coliform bacteria are a measure of a system's contamination by coliform bacteria and provide an index of contamination by warm-blooded animals. The coliform bacteria are a group of 17 bacterial forms, only four of which are fecal in origin. The remainder are natural soil or water organisms. Levels 2-180 science services division I~s> 77j

                                                                            !,  /     jJi

O prescribed f or Lake Michigan are 20 per 100 milliliters of ecal coliform bac-teria in open water and 200 per 100 milliliters at beaches , based on a geomet-ric mean of five s amp les . No specific limits for total coliform levels are available. Considerable variability existed in fecal and total colif orm levels during 1978. During April all settling ponds, interdunal ponds and Cowles Bog had fecal col-itorms <1 per 100 milliliter. liighest fecal coliforms were found during August in Pond B and Cowles Bog, 30,750 and 23,250 cells per 100 milliliters respectively. Although very high, these values do not specifically exceed allowable limits as there are none specific to these waters. The source of the coliform bacteria is not known but is not attributed to operation of the power plant. Relatively high total colif orm bacteria were present in the natural ponds and Cowles Bog during all samplir.g periods. Total colif orms were high in the ash settling ponds during June and August only. As in previous years of study highest bac-terial levels were associated with highest water temperatures in August. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) are all methods used for determination of total organic contami-nants. Measuring TOC is a direct determination of contaminating pollutants in th e wate r (APil A 19 71) . BOD and COD ara both " methods for measuring organic con-taminants based on determinations of the equivalence of oxidizing agents which can react with organic substances" ( APII A 19 71) . While not direct measures of organic contamination, these methods are widely used, and a rationale for data interpretation has been develrped. Allowabic limits for these three parameters have not been established. The natural ponds yielded somewhat higher BOD, TOC, and COD concent rations than did the settling ponds. Overall, BODS were generally low, with the highest value reported, 37 milligrams per liter, in Cowles Bog during June. COD and TOC men-surements were also highest in Cowles Bog. Cowles Bog generally behaved differ-ently from the other ponds because of differences in nutrient input, productiv-ity, and amounts of decomposable organic matter present. During 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977, the interdunal ponds (especially the Cowles Bog area) also re-vealed higher BOD, TOC, and COD 1cvels than the settling ponds. In general, these three measurements indicate that the nearshore ponds have reasonably low {^ q ~[ O 2-181 science services division

O levcis of organic loading, with the variations during the study apparently sea-sonally related to macrophyton growth and runof f patterns. These remaining parameters , hexane-soluble materials (oil and grease), phenols, and methylene blue active substances (surf actants), were also analyzed as indi-cators of contamination. Phenols and methylene blue active substances (MBAS) are both low-level parameters (Indiana standards are 0.001 milligram per liter for phenols). MBAS levels were never above detection limit 0.02 and phenols were detected at concentrations above detecta5ility limits only in April 1978. As these compounds were found only in April and at ve ry low concentrations , it is not considered noteworthy. Hexane-soluble materials (oils and greases) have no assigned standard in Indiana regulation SPC-4R-2. The ponds were generally low in hexane-solubic materials. The highest value (73.6 milligrams per liter) was observed at pond station 14 during April 1978. The source of the material is unknown, but levels had dropped to below detectability by June and remained so during the rest of the year. 2.6.4.5 Trace Elements in Sediments. Trace elements often collect in sediments at much higher concentrations than in the water column. Much of the lh material becomes tied to clay-micelles, to Sphagnum in bogs, and to detritus, ef fectively removing it from the system except under specific conditions of low oxygen tension. When such conditions occur and the oxidatica/ reduction poten-tial changes, iron, manganese, and silica concentrations often rise in the inter-stitial waters (Sullivan 1967), and mineral recycling begins at the sediment-water interface. When lake or pond waters turn over, this hypolimnetic concen-tration is mixed throughout the water column, providing a basis for the primacy productivity and for all levels that depend on that primary production. During sampling year 5, sediment samples in the NIPSCo Bailly Station vicinity were collected during April, August , and November 1978 and January 1979. Sam-ples were collected and processed according to an EPA procedure in which a weighed portion of settled, wet, dredge material was added to a fixed volume of water and shaken under controlled conditions. After shaking, the samples were settled and the supernatant decanted and analyzed. Results were expressed in milligrams of constituent per kilogram of sediment (equivalent to parts per million). I) ; f

                                                                            ;))

2-182 science services division

O 4, Sediment elements analyzed were cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mangan-h ese, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, zinc, and total phosphorus. These elements were chosen for their importance as nutrients to the phytoplankton and, in the case of metals like mercury, because of their potential danger in human consumption of fish. Values for all ranged f rom low to moderately high. Concentrations of many ele-ments were at or below analytic detection limits. For example, mercury was be-low detection limits except during January 1979 when levels were only slightly elevated. Selenium was below detectable levels at most stations during the en-tire year. Only at stations 14,15,16, and 17 during November and stations 17,18, and 19 during January were detectable levels found. Cadmium was low in all months in the natural ponds but present in concentra-tions up to 0.045 milligram per liter in the ash settling ponds; very similar to 1977 levels. Chromium, copper, and nickel were also found in low concentrations, with the highest concentrations generally occurring during November. Average concentra-tions of copper at each station revealed values below allowable maximum levels even for water samples, much less sediment. Vanadium and manganese, both important trace elements for phytoplankton, were present during 1978. Vanadium was present during August, November, and January at low levels, while manganese was present in all four months at levels up to 77 milligrams per kilogram (Station 19) . Levels of manganese were higher than previous years. In general the values in the interdunal ponds are thought to be due to allochthonous airborne additions, but the high manganese levels are difficult to explain. It does appear that wastes from the Bailly Station had any effect on manganese levels, based on the low observed levels in the ash ponds. Zinc concentrations were similar to those found in 1977. No standards for zine have been promulgated for sediment samples, but allowable water ccacentrations are 5 milligrams per liter and this level was not exceeded. Phosphorus and iron are commonly reported together in sediment analyses. Phos-phorus values were moderate at most stations, with a range of 0.003 to 0.876 milligram per kilogram reported; many values for total phosphorus were below 2-183 science services division

                                                    ., - 3

( si

                                                     ))

O { applicable standards for water. (Again, no standards for sediments have been promulgated.) Iron was found in concentrations ranging from <0.003 milligram per kilogram to 43.8 nllligrmas per kilogram. Iron was also found to be in excess in water samples from all ponds, as discussed previously, though more frequently in the ash ponds. Airborne particulates may be the source of this material. Lead values were highly variable. Levels ranged from below detection limits to 0.087 milligram per kilogram. Highest values were recorded in the ash ponds. None of this material appears to have been released into the water column. From the composite data, it appears th:2t from 1974 through 1978: e Cadmium, mercury, and phosphorus appear tied to ash deposition or atmospheric particulate fallout. Iron and manganese values also appear tied to atmospheric deposition although the high manganese and iron values in 1978 are unexplained. e There is a tendency for a general decrease in most trace elements with the onset of winter. e Copper and lead values fluctuate erratically in the environment (possibly chromium and manganese also). llh e Sediment selenium values probably reflect background levels and are influenced little or not at all by the existing Bailly station plant or other facilities in the area. e ~

, L

                                                                       /   ))J 2-184                 science services diviulon

O 2.7. AQUATIC REFERENCES CITED Alley. W.P. 1964. Ecology of the burrowing benthos amphipod Pentoporeia affinis in Lake Michigan. Spec. Rpt. No. 36. Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 131 p. American Water Works Association. 1970. Chemistry of nitrogen and phosphorus in water. J. Amer. Water. Wks. Assoc. 51:127-139. American Public Health Association. 1971. Standard methods for the examina-tion of water and vastewater. 13th Edition. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington, D.C. American Public Health Association. 1975. Standard methods for the examina-tion of water and wastewater, 14th Edition. APHA, AWWA, WPCF. Washington, D.C. Arnold. D.E. 1971. Inge , tion, assimilation, survival, and reproduction by Daphnia pulex fed several species of blue-green algae. Limnol and Oceanogr. 16(6): 906-920. Ayers, John C. and E. Seibel. 1973. Cook plant preoperaticnal studies 1972. Benton Harbor Plant Limnological Studies, Part XIII. Special Rpt. No. 44. Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich, S Ball, I.R. 1967. The relative susceptibilities of some species of freshwater fish to poisons. I. Ammonia. Water Res. 1:767-775. Beeton, A.M. 1970. Statement on pollution and eutrophication of the Great Lakes. Special Rpt. No. 11. Delivered to the U.S. Senate subcommittee on Air and Water Polluticn of the Committee on Public Works, May 1970. Beeton, A.M., B.G. Terke, A.S. Brocks, and J.A. Bowers. 1975. Influence of energy-related effluents on Great Lakes zooplankten. Proc. of the 2nd conf. on the Great Lakes. Prepared by Argonne National Laboratory for the Interagency Committee on Marine Science and Engincering of the Federal Council for Sciences and Technology. p. 432-437. Borror, D.J. and D.M. DeLong. 1971. An introduction to the study of insects. Holt, Rinehatt and Winston, N.Y. 319 p. Brinkhurst, R.O., A.L. Hamilton and H.B. Herrington. 196G. Components of the bottom fauna of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. Grect Lakes Inst., Uaiv. Toronto Publ. No. 33, 49 p. Brinkhurst, R. O. and B. G. M. Jamieson. 1971. Aquatic oligochaeta of the world. University of Toronto Press, Tornuto. 860 p. N,l :bO 2-185 science services divialon

O Brooks, John L. 1957. The systematics of North American Daphnia. Memoirs of the Connecticut Acad, of Arts & Sci.; 13. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven. Brown, E.H., Jr. 1972. Population biology of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, in Lake Michigan, 1949-70. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29:477-500. Burks, B. 1953. The nayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Sury. Bull 26(1):1-216. Comita, G.%'. and G.C. Anderson. 1959. The seasonal development of a population of Diaptomus ashlandi Marsh and related phytoplankton cycles in Lake Washington. Limnol. Oceanogr. 4:37-52. Cook, G.W. and R.E. Powers. 1964. The benthic fauna of Lake Michigan as affected by the St. Joseph River. Proc. 7th Conf. Great Lakes Res., Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan. 68-76. Doudoroff, P. and M Katz. 1953. Critical review of literature on the toxicity of industrial wastes and their components to fish. II. The metals, as salts. Sewage and Ind. Wastes, 25(7):802-839. Edmondsoa, W.T. 1965. Reproductive rates of planktonic rotifera as related to food and temperature in nature. Ecolo. Monagr. 35: 61-111. Edmondson, W.T. (ed). 1959. Freshwater biology. 2nd Ed.. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., N.Y. Edmunds, G. F. , S. L. Jeasen, and L. Berner. 1976. The mayflies of North and Central America. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 330 p. Eggleton, F.E 36. The deep-water bottom fauna of Lake Michigan. Papers Mich. Aca Sci., 21:599-012. Eggleton, F.E. 1937. Productivity of the profundal benthic zone in Lake Michigan. Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, 22:593-611. Eichhorn, R. 1957. Zur populationsdynamik der Calaniden Copepoden in Titisee und Feldsee. Arch. Hydrobid. Suppl. 24:186-246. Elste c , J.il. 1954. 'Jber die populationsdynamik von Eudiaptomus gracilis Smrs und Heterocope borealis Fischer in Bodensee-Obersee. Arch. Hydrobiol, Suppl. 20: 546-614. Environmental Protection Agency. 1971. Water gaulity criteria data book. Vol. 3. E"fects of chemicals on aquatic life. 526 p. 1973. Biological field and laboratory nethods for measuring the quality of surface waters and effluents. Edited by C.E. Weber. Nat. Env. Res. Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45168. O r 7 2-186 science services division

O Evans, Marlene S and John A. Stewart. 1977. Epibenthic and benthic micro-curstaceans (copepods, cladocerans, ostracods) from a nearshore area in southern Lake Michigan. Limnol, and Oceanogr. 22(b):1059-1067. Federal Water Pollution Control Adminstration. 1968. Physical and chemical quality conditions, Lake Michigan Basin - FWPCA, Great Lakes Reg. Chicago Ill. 81 p + errata. Gannon, J.E. 1972. Effects of eutrophication and fish predation on recent changes in zooplankton crustacea species composition in Lake Michigan. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., 91(1):82-84. Cannon, J.E. 1974. The crustacean zooplankton of Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 1974: 28-51. Garrels, R.M. 1965. Silica: role in buffering of natural waters. Sci. 2 Apr. 1965: p. 69. Gliwicz, Z.M. 1969. Studies on the feeding of pelagic zooplankton in lakes with varying trophy. Ekol Polska. 17A:663-708. Hasle and Evensen. 1976. Brackish water and freshwater species of the diatum genus Skeletonema II. Skeletonema potamos. Comb. Nov. J. Phycol. 12:73-82. Hemens, J. 1966. The toxicity of ammonia solutions to the mosquito fish (Gambusia af finis, Baird and Girard). J. Proc. Inst. Sewage Purif. 3:265-271. Henderson, C., Q.H. Pickering, and C.M. Tarzwell. 1960. The toxicity of or-ganic phosphorus and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to fish. In: Biological problems in water pollution (C.M. Tarzwell, comp.), Cincinnati, Ohio. Robt. A. Taf t San, Eng. Center, Tech, Rpt. W60-3:76-88. Henson, E.B. and H.B. Herrington. 1965. Sphaeriidae (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of Lake Huron and Michigan in the vicinity of the Straits of Mackinac. Proc. 8th Conf. Great Lakes Res., Great Lakas Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, 77-95. Hicks, Charles R. Fundamental concepts in the design of experiments, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2nd Ed. 1973. Hiltunen, Jarl K. 1967. Some oligochaetes from Lake Michigan. Trans. Amer. Microse. Soc. 86(4):433-454. Howmiller, R. 1971. A comparison of the ef fectiveness of the E'.czn and Ponar grabs. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 100:560-564. Hubbs, u.L. and K.E. Lagler. 1958. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Araor, Mich. XV + 213 p. E~O 2 7, '!

                                                                    )l )      J J r) 2-187                    science services division

O Hudson, P. 1970. Quantitative sampling with three benthic dredges. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 99:603-607. g Hutchinson, G.E. 1957. A treatise on limnology. Vol. 1. Geography, Physics and Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons Inc. N.Y. Hutchinson, C.E. 1975. A treatise on limnology. Vol. 3. Limnological Botany. John Wiley & Sons Inc. N.Y. Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board. 1972. Regulation SPC4R, Lake Michigan and Contigaous Harbors.

                                         . 1973. Regulation SPC-IR3, Water quality standards for waters of Indiana.

Johannsen, O. 1934, 1935, and 1937. Aquatic Diptera. Entomol. Reprint Specialists. Los Angeles, Calif. Johnson, M.G. and R.O. Brinkhurst. 1971. Benthic community metabolism in Bay of Quinte and Lake Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 28:1715-1725. Kidd, Charles C. 1970. Pontoporeia affinis (Crustacea, Amphipoda) as a moni-tor of radionuclides released to Lake Michigan. Benton Harbor Power Plant Limnological Studies. Part IV. Spec. Rpt. No. 44. Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Koch, R.A. 1973. A creel census of the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan, 1970-72. Koch, R.A. 1975. Personal communication from Indiana Department of Natural Re-sources. Koch, R.A. 1975. A creel census of the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan, 1975. Tech. Rpt., Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Lagler, K.F. 1956. Freshwater fishery biology. Wm. C. Brown Co. Debugue. 421 p . Lane, Patricia A. and D.C. McNaught. 1970. A mathematical analysis of the niches of Lake Micigan zooplankton. Proc. 13th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 47-57. Internat. Assoc. Creat Lakes Res. Lewie. P. 1972. Evaluation of bottom grabs for macroinvertebrates. EPA, Qual. Contr. Newslet. 15:11. Cincinnati, Ohio. Liston, C.R. and P.I. Tack. 1973. A study of the effects of installing and operating a large pumped storage project on the shores of Lake Michigan near Ludington, Michigan. Mich. State Depu. of Fis'.. and Wildlife. 113 p. Mason, W., Jr. 1973. An introduction to the identification of Chironomidae larvac. Anal. Qual . Contr. Lab . EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio. McKee, J.E. and H.W. wolf. (eds.) 1963. Water quality criteria. 2nd Ed. Sacramento, Calif., State Water Quality Control Board, Resources Agency '(: of California, Publ. No. 3-A, 548 p. i 3)/ 2-188 science services divialon

O McNaught, Donald C. 1966. Depth control by planktonic cladocerans in Lake Michigan, Publ. No. 15, Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. McNaught, D.C. and M. Buzzard. 1973. Changes in zooplankton populations in Lake Ontario (1939-1970). Proc. 16th Conf. Great Lakes Res: 78-86. McNaughton, S.J., T.C. Folson, T. Lee, F. Park, C. Prico, D. Roeder, J. Schmitz, and C. Stockwell. 1974. Heavy metal tolerance in Typha latifolia witnout the evolution of tolerant races. Ecol. 55:1163-1165. Miller, R.R. 1957. Origin and dispersal of alewife, Alosa pseudohrengus, and the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedranum, in the Great Lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 86:97-111. Miller, R.R. 1972. Threatened freshwater fishes of the United States. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 101(2):239-252. Mozley, 3.C. 1975. Bent'aic community responses to energy-related effluents Inter-in the Great Lakes. In: Proc. of the 2nd Fed. Conf. Great Lakes. agency Committee a Marine Science and Engineering of the Federal Council for Science and Technology. Argonne Natl. Lab. Mozley, S. C. and W. P Alley, 1973. Distribution of benthic invertebrates in lhh the south end of Lake Michigan. In: International Association Great Lakes Research, Proceedings 16th Conference, Great Lakes Research. 87-96. Mozley, S. C. and L. C. Garcia. 1972. Benthic macrofauna in the coastal zone of southeastern Li ke Michigan, st.ceedings 15th Conference, Great Lakes Research. 102-131. Mozley, S. C. and M. H. hinnell. 1975. Fberozoobenthic species assemblages of southeastern Lake Michigan, U.S. A. Verhandlunzen Internationale Vereinl-gung fur Theoretische und Ungewandte Limnologie. 19:922-931. Nauwerck, A. 1963. Die beziehungen zwischen zooplankton und phytoplankton im See Erkn. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 17(5):1-163. Norden, C.R. 1968. Morphology and food habits of the larval alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), in Lake Michigan. Proc. lith Conf. Great Lakes Res. 1968. p. 103-110. Intl. Assoc. Great Lakes Res. O'Brien, W.J. and F. deNoyelles Jr. 1974. Relationship between nutrient concentration, phytoplankton density, and zooplankton density in nutrient-enriched experimental ponds. Hydrobiologia 44:1 105-125. Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadel-phia, p. 144.

                                                                                                *n c) ; c,}  J 'i U 2-189                   aclence services division

O O Parsons, T. R., K. Stephens, and J. D. H. Strickland. 1961. On the chemical composition of eleven species of marine phytoplankters. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 18(b): 1001-1008. Patalas, K. 1972. Crustacean zooplankton and the eutrophication of St. Law-rence Great Lakes, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29:1451-1462. Patrick, R. 1971. The effects of increasing light and temperature on the structure of fiatom communities. Limnol. Oceanogr. 16(2):405-421. Patrick, R., M.H. Hohn, and J.H. Wallace. 1954. A new method for determining the pattern of the diatom flora. Bull. Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci. 259:1. Pennak, R.U. 1953. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. The Ronald Press Co., New York. Pennak, R.W. 1963. Species identification of the fresh-water cyclopoid cope-poda of the United States. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 82(4):353-359. Pennak, R. W. 1978. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 803 p. Powers, C.F. and W.P. Alley. 1967. Some preliminary observations on the depth distribution of the macrobenthos in Lake Michigan, p. 112-125. Jg1:3.C. Ayers and D.C. Chandler, [eds.] Studies on the environment and eutrophica-tion of Lake Michigan, Great Lakes Res. Div., Spec. Rpt. No. 30, Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 415 p. Reid, G.K. 1961. Ecology of inland waters and estuaries. Reinhold Books in the Biological Sciences, N.Y. xvi + 375 p. Renwoldt, R., G. Bira, and E. Newman. 1971. Acute toxicity of copper, nickel, and zine ions to some Hudson River fish species. Env. Cont. and Tech. 6(5):445-448. Risley, C., Jr. and F.D. Fuller. 1965. Chemical characteristics of Lake Michigan Pub. No. 13. Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 168-174. Rhodes, R.J., D.A. Webb, and T.S. McComish. 1974. Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res., 593-595. Roback, S. 1957. The immature tendipedids of the Philadelphia area. Mon. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Pa. 4 s .3 ; 4! 2-190 aclence services division

O Robertson, Andrew. 1966. The distribution of calnoid copepods in the Great Lakes. Pu'ol. No. 15, Great Lakes Res. Div., Univ. Mich., Ann Arbor, Mich. Robertson, A. and W.P. Alley. 1966. A comparative study of Lake Michigan macrobenthos. Limnol, and Oceanogr. 11(4):576-583. Rodhe, W., R.A. Vollenweider, and A. Nauwerck. 1958. The primary production and standing crop of zooplankton. In: Perspectives in Marine Biology (edited by A.A. Buzzati-Traverso), 299-322. Univ. Calif. Press. Ross. H. 1944. The cridis flies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull 23(1):1-236. Roth, James C. and John A Stewart. 1973. Nearshore zooplankton of south-eastern Lake Michigan, 1972. Proc. 16th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 10:132-142. Intl. Assoc. Great Lakes Res. Schelske, C.L. 1971. Nutrient inputs and their relationship to accelerated eutrophication in Lake Michigan. From: Biological effects in the hydro-biological cycle, E.J. Monke (ed.). 1971, Proc. of the 3rd Int. Symp. for Hydrology Professors, Purdue Univ., Dept. Agri. Eng. 59-81. Schelske, C. L. 1977. Trophic status and nutrient loading for Lake Michigan. Michigan University, Great Lakes Research Div. EPA Publ. No. 600/3-77-086. Schelske, C.L. and E.F. Stoermer. 1972. Ph;orhorus, Silica and Eutrophica-tion in Lake Michigan. In: G.E. Likens, Ed., Nutrients and Eutrophica-tion. Amer. Soc. Limnol. and Oceano gr. Spec. Symposia Vol.1. Schelske, C.L., and J.C. Roth. 1973. Linnological survey of Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, and Erie. Publicaticn No. 17. Great lakes Res. Div., Ann Arbor, Michigan 108 p. Scott, W.B., and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Frestaater fishes of Canada. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Bull. 184:966 p. Shaw, R.H.R. and B. Gruskin, 1967. The toxicity of metal ions to aquatic organisms. Arch. Biochm. Giophys. 67(2):447-452. Smith, S.H. 1968. Species succession and fishery exploitation in the Great Lakes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 25:667-693. 4timpson, K. S., J. R. Brice, M. T. Barbour, and P. Hone. 1975. Distribution and abundance of inshore oligochaetes in Lake Michigan. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 94(3):384-394. Stoermer, E. F., M. M. Bowman, J. C. Kingston, and A. L. Schaedel. 1974. Phyto-plankton composition and abundance in Lake Ontario during IFYGL, University of Michigan Great Lakes Research Div. , University of Michigan Publ. Spec. Rpt. S3:1-373. E O j ,, , J: i jq( 2-191 science servh:es dhrision

O Strickland, J.D.H. 1960. Measuring the production of marine phytoplankton, h Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. Bull. 122:1-172. S umme r f elt , R.C. and W.M. Lewis. 1967. Repulsation of green sunfish by cer-tain chemicals. J. Water Pollution Contr. Fed. 39(12):2030-2038. Talling, J.F., and D. Driver. 1963. Some problems in the estimation of chlorophyll a. Proc. Conf. of Prim. Prod. Meas. , Marine and Freshwater, Hawaii. 1961. U.S. AEC TID-7633:142-146. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1975. 1974-1975 annual report, Bailly Nuclear-1 site, encompassing May 1974-February 1975. Prepared for Northern Indiana Public Service Company.

                                   . 1976. 1975-1976 annual report, Bailly Nuclear-1 site encompassing March 1975-February 1976. Prepared for Northern Indiana Public Service Company.
                                   . 1976. 316(a) Demonstration Bailly Station Units 7 and 8.      September 30, 1976.
                                   . 1976. 316(b) Demonstration Bailly Station Units 7 and 8.      Dec. 30, 1976.
                                  . 1977. 1976-1977 annual report, Bailly Nuclear-1     g site, encompassing April 1976 through February 1977. Prepared for Northern           W Indiana Public Service Company.
                                  . 1978. 1977-1978 annual report, Bailly Nuclear-1 site, encompassing April 1977 through February 1978. Prepared for Northern Indiana Public Service Company.
                                  . 1978 Spring 1978 quarterly report, Bailly Nuclear-1 site, encompassing April-June 1978. August 1978.
                                  . 1978. Summer 1978 quarterly report, Bailly Nuclear-1 site, encompassing July-September 1978. November 1978.
                                  . 1979. Fall 1978 quarterly report, Bailly Nuclear-1 site, encompassing October-December 1978. February 1979.
                                  . 1979. Winter 1979 quarterly report, Bailly Nuclear-1 site, encompassing January-March 1979. May 1979.

UNESCO. 1968. Monographs on oceanographic methodology 2. Zooplankton sampling. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi-zation. Paris, France. Iisinger, R. 1956. Aquatic insects of California. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, Calif. L t

                                                                                     ~1 J O

2-192 science services division

O Verduin, J. 1977. Testimony of Dr. Jacob Verduin, Ph.D. on impact of Zion and Waukegan power plant operation on phytoplankton and periphyton in the Zion and Waukegan area of Lake Michigan. For Commonwealth Edison Company, May 1977. Ward, H.B. and G.C. Whipple. 1959. Freshwater biology. 2nd Ed. W. T. Edmondson (ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Watson, N.H.F. 1974. Zooplankton of the St. Lawrence Great Lake - species composition, distribution, and abundance. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. 31:783-794. Webb, D.A. and T.S. McComish. 1974. Food habits of adult alewives in Lake Michigan near Michigan City, Indiana, in 1971 and 1972. Proc. Indiana Acad. of Sci. 83:179-184. Weber, C. 1970. A new freshwater centric diatom Microsiphona potamus gen. et sp. Nov. J. Phycol. 6:149-153. Wells, L. 1968. Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15:556-565. Wells, LaRue and Robert House. 1974. Life history of the spottail shiner (Notropis hudsoni_us) in southeastern Lake Michigan, the Kalamazoo River, and Western Lake Erie. Bur, of Sport Fisheries and Wildl., Res. Rpt. 78. 10 p . Wiggins, G. B. 1977. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichop-tera). University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 401 p. Wilson, C. B. 1932. The copepods of the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 158:1-135. r r. i. l// ) 'I l 2-193 s=lence services division

TV APPENDIX A CllECKLIST OF PLANT SPECIES OBSERVED IN Tile BAILLY STUDY AREA, JULY 1978

                                       '] , ' /
                                           ,      'l science services division

O Table A-1 Checklist of Plant Species Observed in the Bailly Study Area, July 1978 Sampling Locations

• Scientific Name (cmon %me 1 2 .1 4A 48 , 6 7 8 9 10 11 Aceracaea Maple f amily Ac er rut rum Red maple X X X X X Acer saccharin~um Silver maple - -

Aizcaceae ' - Carpetweed family Mollu w verticillata Carpetweed - - Alismaceae~ ~~ ~~ ~ ' aster-plantain family ~ A,l i sna p l an t a jo -_ aqua t_i_c 3 Water plantain X Sajittiria panina Arrowhead Anacardiaceae Castew family PNs copallici ~

                                                  ' min ;ed vac                                                    -                                                                    -*

C r ;s r;l ar ra Smooth sumac Chus raff ans Foison ivy X X X X X phus typ .a Fairy surac Chus v' er,

        ~

roison seac g X X Anncnaceae- Custard-apple family Asimina triloba Pawpiw Apocyanaceae Dc"&ane family Apnryn um an dr_ns aa-i f o l i um Dr ';t a ne Apu y n u m w f i;r Dogbine _ _ Araceae Arum 'amily Pel_t tpd ra_ v t_r,(cyc a Arrew arun YF 05aT25 M_t MO. AsciepiadJceae 94 cam 49e X Milb. eu family Asc lepia s t_ncarna ta 5-amp milkwaed Ascle Ias purpu rascens Furpleweed @ _. AscI_q[las Ias t derbsa ~' vertI~cillata Cutterfly-weed X Asclep M ;rled rildaeed _ _ _ Bal sahInac e ae Touch-ce-not family Impatiens bifinra Jewelweed y X X X Betulaceae Birch family Alr;us ircana Speckled alder X eetala l'utea

          ~                                       Yellow birch                                                               X 8er t e r ld a r. e a e                       Earterry fa'ily                                                                                                    ~ -

FoJ%hyllum jeltato m Mayanole Bo ral ia a r.e a e Forget-me-r:ot f am ily Lithospe ro_n raro11ranse Icelin's puccoon X X [ I ti ,qemu n c rbe elm ~ ~ ~ Hairy cuccoon - Cactaceae Cactss family Opun_t i g c epre s s t Prickly pear X Campanslaceae Ha ret el l fartly X Camricula rnturdifolia Harehell Caprifol iac eae m neysuckle fani1y

                                                                                                                                                                                   ~

Diarvilla lenicera t rthern tush-hoceysuckle Linifera d' ora Cli-bing %reysuckle Sa~rtac us cWadesty Elderterry Viburrum a '.~e ri f ol i n Parle-1 raved viturnun _ Viporn g denta F ' Arrcwond [

                                                                                                                                                                 ~

X Vitsrnu m linta Nannyberry Ca 6cFyll a c eif"go Pink family Arecaria sr Sand wort L M nis alta Evening lychnis s'ilen ~ c Gr 2a tus Bia11ar chamcion Silene_ ngc t iflora Ni pt-flowering catchfly _ Celastraceae Staff-tree family Celastru scandens Rittersweet X C hen e;od i u e ae G?csef act f amily (bengeliu* albide he s e f ac t Umngn i f A s t anilh'acun

                        ~ ~                                                                            r          _           _.

c Corr el in ac e ae cife wort fa-ily Tr_a ies c a n t i a virciniani *piderwort X X Corrmsltie u cficwer fay ly X X X A-hillei mill *folium Varrcw Ari srsii arteLisIif61ia Conne,n rarweed X Ar t rfsii pslins tayi- P3 g.eed Actenniria sp. Pussyttes A,herf M Esus Rashy aster  % hC- L I1

  -r tm i_s la c a_'pe s t ri s Aster l i n a r i i f ol i us
                                                'crm ood Stiff aster 3

r. ui tj l. CC :I C ha

                                                                                                                           ;.. ]-t Q_}9   ;-          y/                            -

Aster sp. b,!sts i " M n j j h f *: 4 g4 X Aster M - Mm i f (_j~ ...fL...,.k iy

     ,                                                                m                    -             m              mmF I ,4.J. i. q u. n'W    .mS . fl h"alineatedcnFig;re1.1-l.

X iadicates Mcurrer:ce cf a taxon within 53mpling 010ts. inFcates cccurrence cf a tutn witric a corrmnity but not within samcling picts.

       - indicates trat tre tacr. was previnsiy encountered in plots tot was not observed in JJIf l9I8. ani sacCles witn ro rarks indicate tnat the ta,on was previously unobserves in ,ne picts.
                                                                                                                                                  .-  ,g                       a Sj;                 ) #1 U A-1                                              science services division

O Table A-1 (Contd) Sampling Locations

• Sc ien t i fic Sarne Conron Name 1 2 3 4A 4B 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Compositae (cc.ntd) bidens comosa Beggar-ticks ~- -

BIdens W ~' X (entforea dubia

               ~

Knap.eed Centaurea jacea C h ry s a'n_t Nn :3 fem antheFrJn 0 -efe daisy _ irstum arvense Canada thistle V {lonjzacanad.nsis horseweed frheronpnilah}phitys C onr 'c n f l e a t.a n e trtgaron- ramcsus Daisy fleabane _ [fipron s t r_Ign s a s Daisy fleatane X fopatprjug perfollat? Purple boneset X - - fr a tor _i u m purggren ,e-nu .ced Heliaathu e dtvicatus ~ vuodlard sunficwer - X HellanO n g_iginteu's' Tall sunflower X Helian thus microcep~ealus X hellantM mollis~ _ NelIsotius petIolaris

          ~                                      Prairie sunflower he i r a c I.mc an a den s e               Crar;e taakaeed He i r e c l utt' sp.                        Hawkweed                                       _                                                    X       X L ac txa c a_'1a am s 1 s liatris aspera                                Slazing s'ar                                                                         -

frigiT biflc~ra Dwarf dardelion - k r'Ig i a v irgi.n _ cI a_ Dwarf dandelion krigia sp X ku--e nIa e;patorioijes ~ False toneset X Rudbec kla Id rt a ' ' -- Black-eyed susan X X

   $eneCIb sp.                                  Ra Wort SM Na p altissima                            Tall goldenrod                                                                        _
   $        ano caesia -                     61 ae-sterr'ed goldenrod
   $^lliijo o          c anasists                     Canada goldenrod Soliday gemnifolia Narrow-leaved goldear-                   A                                               X SoI Mago hIspida                             Fiiry goldenrcd                                                                                          -

Solidig5 chicensis TOIIda N sp. X X X X - X Sonchus oleraceu saw thistle - Taraiaiuc o f ficinale Candelion X - Tripppo[riteesis_ Goatsbeard - - Vernc ia mi ssurIra DruTced's irnr eed Convolvulaceae - ' - ~ h enindgler" f a"-il y Convolvu us arvensis Field bindweed - - C^nvolv6ius sepiu ?

             ~

Fedaa bindweed I - (6u i.ita pardv ii ~ Dcd!er X ~ Ip yoep purpurea %rnina-glory - C or r a c e .ie Scawr.c1 family Cornus alternitclia Alterrate-leaved dogwoof - (creu s a c. mum Silk y di;wod - Cornss flnrica Flowering dogwod Co'rnui ilol6ni f era Ped. osier dogwood X X X Cruciferae Mustard family A rar_f 3 ty r_a t a lyre-seaved rockcress - - fiartaren vuliaris

            -                                  Winter cress f aille edentCli ~                           Sea rcchet (ar'd rnire W]hasa                           Spring cress                                                                                      -       -

Drata so. X X -- kescoris ratrcralis Cre's rocket - - [ ep_i d if l ep idip._virgi are 2tald 4ru7 ~~ fe;;ervass Wild cer:ergrass h - Cyreraceae Sete f a-ily Drei s;. ',e d :e X - X - X X X X Care, me teraergta Car d rernsylva;ica X i'ehc N M s DallU L lrpus blidus'~~ Scite ru Eull ru? h g fleagraceae Cleaster family I;?twi3 9 Hf3.*Jycarpa Lcesestrife Ericaceae Feath fa'ily A_rc tost _aphylos uva-_urs_i Eearberry - fiaultheria crocyrtens nintes ,rpen nalM a so 5. ,n la rel - hirCinib h een' i_n Ic u9 I r'wk en tiveterry X I Eucncrtiaceae spr;, family Euphorbia ccrelle a Fltwerirq spurge X X - X X

 .fup.Ecrhia ~h h I~ strata                   Hairy spreadtrg Surge
                                                                                                                                                  ,z

[) : , s 't : JMg g @~,(@ o M

                                                                                ,u w+o g

r

                                                                                             -   p    Jc         r v        n

c. y ..; ) ;;N g

C Table A-1 (Contd) Sampling Locations

• Sc ien t i f ic Name Cwrion Name i 2 3 4A 4B 5 6 / 8 9 13 11 Fagaceae Beech family Querc as alba White oak X X X -

bercu( r@ra Red oak Qdercusvefutina Black cak X X y X X X Geraniac~eae-~~ Geranium family Gerania n Mculatum Wild geranicm - Geranium rotertianum " erb geranium - 6e r aln i um_ s o . Ge ra n i ur - Graminese Gr.iss family A3rppy ron t r_a c hyc ajl um blender e eatgrass Arunophila brev ilIqula ta Arerican techgrass X X A nd r_cp pyn p rard_i E g blaesten X - Ar irppcg_n sccparius little bluestem X X f al a a ':ros t i c c anadens i s Blue-joirt reed]rass - - - Reed grass X

   @0 ' 21_t                  d_r ' i03Tamaj]restissp.b*'

54"29tna]_Is Sand reedgrass tranqrass y lyg_i_ folia f ragr_o_s t.1_c pec t inacea Purple lovegrass festuca octollera fescue [ee'rsia ory:sius Rice cutgrass X X X X t eers ia_ v ~i_rMn ic_a Cutgrass Laptoloma cov atam Fall ..itcngrass - - Pani ~ci/,clanIesti6am Corn grass X f a6Icuri diiFtiruT ~ Panic grass - - PanTclM ' Edb2ai h Panic grass X X - f anic um sp Peric grass X X X fanicum virgstum-Panic grass Ehra_jmites ccMnis Ccrron reed - - IFa~ p r a t en sli- kentucky bluegrass - Poi sp.- - - Blaegrass - X X - X X X HalEragaceae Water-milfail family Projerpinaq palustris Merwaid-weed Hamamelidaceae Witch-hazel family Famar elis vir.lirit ana Witch hazel X X X X X Iridaceae Iris fam ly Irit versicolor Iris X STsyrinchium sp. Blue-eyed grass - Jaglundaceae Butternut family Juglans cinerea B e ternat juncaceae Deh f ell - Jancui effa us assn intus militaris E n tret r.sh Labiatae Min' fanily Glechoma hederacea Gill-ower-the-g"Ound X Collinsonia canade-ris Horse-talm lycopas an ricanas Bugle weed lycopus virginicus Sal le waed Mentha arvensis mild Fint ~ v entha 50. Mint - Manarda fistulesa Wild tergamot X

                                                                                                                                ~

X X Monarda punctata Horse mint - - -

   *.el*Ea~cafir_Ii~                        Cat nip Prunella vuljiris                        Self-heal                                                                -

I gnintseO virTinianum %r.tain trint X scIlt elldis~gileEC;I3 T t a (non skullcap S t a c;_qs_ a_-_b iju a L edge-rett'e 5tacbvs bjss g ifolia Peta nettle -

   $*a 8[s pa G tris -
               ~

Hedge-rettle X ftaciv~s tc {ifolIa Smooth bedle-rettle Telcri;} 'dir U s se Ge mander ~ - La raceae Laurel frily Lirdara tectoin Spice bush X X X

  $ a s s dIr a s' al b Il _                Sossafras                                   X      X      X               X                  X       X Le prinesae                               Legre frily Afic_S. M arEsa                          Grcund out                                               -

Latyyruspalustris Vetchling - Lup nus perarnis Lu:: ice Ndi a io 12T6i Black redic - -

  #cbTiia ps/ M n icia                     Black locast                                                               X Tefo^siav.irginiana                      Goat's rue                                          X                                      ~         X T r ' iol i um c.:1um

[rTT6T i e e e v r i d e Alsike clover Ocu sm ', e t c h - - f) 'n , .g; A_3- science ser A as divlHot.

        } O)

Is 9 !/? ( ia Il s ; ; si.. la< LM ' iD u L v _ .- _._ , j

O Table A-1 (Contd) Sampling Locatiens*

                                                                                                                                                                    -O Scientif          Name                        co,rmn Name                   1     2        3      4A          4B       5   6    7     8      9    10     11 Lemnaceae                                    Duc kw(ed f amily Lemna minor                                  Duckweed                                                                X Len ti bula' rTaEeae                         B l a .1de rwu r t family Utricularia purpureq                         Purple bladderwert Liliaceae                                   Lily family A111mn canadense                             kild qtrlic fcin'va11 aria majalis                       Lily-of-the-valley lilium superbum                              Turk's cap lily                                                         X         -

M bnthemun cana1pnse Wiij lily-of-the-valley Polygona tam bi florum. Solomon's seal _ _ Lnil e,. i n a' r ac emRs a false Solomon's seal X X X - - 9nIlar ina 's tell'ata

               ~

atarry false Solomon's scal Y X X X

    $mIlax hert icea ~ ~                         Cattrier                                             X       X                       X Ssilau rotandlfolia                          Pound-leaf cattrier                                -

Irilli-W recurvitum

                 ~                               Frairie trillium lfvularia gIandiflora                        large-flowered bellwort Lycopodi~aceae                              Crcurdpine fnily                                                                                         _

ly;cpodium cbscurun Groun @ i ne Lythraceae Lecsestrife family Dec odon vert i.c_i.l l a t u..s Sw cp loosestrife ~ Najas sp. Naiad Potam_ggenton polrher F,ndweed _

   )n t ampy t o.n. y gyi                       fo A eed                                                                                  X P.ptygyton so.                              Pandweed Nym; hac eac                                 Water lily family Brasenia schrebert                          a
                                               'ater shield Olumt o' lutea                              Arerican Ictus
   %U[har~v O l d a t u_m                      Bullhead Iily hfnp_bta_ odorata_                          Fragrant waterlily Nys sac ea e                                Gum family Nma ulg.a ! i r .)                          Llack g p                                                       y Onagraceae                                  Evening primrcse family Circaaa aff .na       i                     fr. chanter's nightsba1e                                                              X

[ pile.blum sp. Firaweed - L u_dwi g i.a ' 's p_b a e roc a rp a False loosestri'e fenctbera Puricata NortFern evenirr, primrose X Osmundaceae Pant fern fa-ily Osmu nda cinname.nea Cinra-on fern - - Ossu nda.rega_l h "~ Payal fern Oxalidaceae .cci-scrrel fa-ily Ovalis stricta w cd sorrel Phytolaccacese Pck eweed f a' nil y - Phytolaqra a+ericana Pcbeweed Pinaceae Fine fa-ily Larin laricira

        ~

b ric an l a rc h Pihus Eahiiiana

           ~

Jack pire X X X PiEUs strhlIus' White pine Polesoniaceae ' Thlos fa-ily Phlos bifidi shlov di~varicata Blue X cx thloi sp. Th1re - Polygalaceae Milkwart family EDIJ3.ala sang dne3 i'a r p l e -s i l k wc r t Polygonaceae Buchwreat family Poly y num am bibiam water eartweed fol M d ar1IolI_um Tear-thp t y foIy p num ccccileum Sw r; smartweed folyggrum sajitiatur Arrcm-le3ved tear-thumb - foIyypun sp. Smartwaed - X X Pum = acetnsella Sheep s3rrel Loe n crisgs Carly dock Polypediaceae Poln ody f imily fj,*"+cris frap^lis~ WJb N,n g y fenn s t a ed t ia }Ucc t'IIo* u l a Hav-scented fern - f,n o(l e i sp siblis Sensitive fern Os undi cinna , ra Cinna% n fern X x x eteridi d'aqillihim Erac6en fern - X Ib_e[Ih_terispaQtris N rsh fern - - - X X

                                                                                . ' r1                            0 science services division
                                                         /

O 31Rj' [/i j b P_q el . yPI P.  !) q 1D l 3, 1 p }% .?(> y V Ml9 g h uc9 a @n s ,'a :

O Table A-1 (Contd) Sampling Locations

• Scientific Name Ccmen Name 1 2 3 4A 43 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pontederiaceae Pickerel-weed family Pontederia cordata Pickerel-weed PrimLlaceae Primrose family tysimachia ciliata Tringed loosestrife lyiikic' hfa terrestris

                     ~ -

loosestrife f ri'entalis borealIT- Starflowar Ranunculaceae Crowfoot :. ally Anemone reparia Thimbleweed Anenone c aM den s e Canada aner,one X Arutlel at canadensis Columbine Ult i plustris i Nrsh marigold RiAuniulu faE irtivus Kidney leaf buttercup - Q nunculus fid All'aris i Yellow water butterrup Ra'gncuTui [p[nni_ylji'n icus Sut te rcep Qanunculus sceleratus Cursed buttercup - -~ f nii Tc t roni p61_yFrGm-- Rue Rosaceae Rose family Alrim;,nia 1ryposepala_ Agrimony Arylarchier canadensis Serviteterry Amelan: 5;er , laevis serviceterry - - Aronia artsut ifol fi Red chokecherry f_ra ta ej;s c rus. call t Newcastle thornapple - X ~ Fragiria virginiana Wild strawberry - X 6eum canadense white avens X X CFun vi h inIan~um Avens IntietIIIa canadense Dwarf cinquefoil - ~ P6tentilla recta Cinquefoil fotpKti1Ta sie Tex' p Comen cinquefeit PotentIIla ip. - Drunus seretina Slack cherry X X

                                                                                                              ~

X X X Pru'nusvlT[ifana Choke cherry - - D6sa blanda Wild rese X X X X X X Rosa'sp.~ ~ Rose - X PuFus alle&eniensis Blar' berry X - Pubus fli$11arfs- ' r v X Aubus sp. s n - X Spirea alta Mew uw-s eet - X 5pr}eiito*ntoss Stee;:le tush Rubiaceae Bedstraw family Ceohalanthus z occidentalis Buttonbush - a l[ufn adarine "ejstraw X - X dalI~um' trifoTium Fragrant bedstraw - Rutaceae Rue family Pteles trifoliata Money tree Salscaceae ailicw family Pcp lus deltoides Cottonwood X P 90lus' tFeAuT~o Hes Caaking ascen fails nijra Black wilic , X X

 $aT G sp.                                                                      X                                                       X Santiliceae                             Sandalwcod family Conraadri ur tellata                      Bastard-toadflas                         -    -                            -    ~

Sarraceniaceae Pitcher plant family Sarracenin puryured Pitc*er plaat Sa x f fra gaceae Sax 1f rage family Rites american e Wild black currart Scrophulariaceae SnaDoragan fa'ily au res1 Fcul love aria [edicularia Aureolaria pu Furple au 'ealaria kEU5l,Sk VE_InrpC;3,)re a' C# 'I false fc*gicve Linaria ca*3densis Bise tcad-flax Mal ~arfy'rus Tise ire'

               ~

ccw wa est NIMus aTatus 5*arp-winged rcM ey ficwer fe_ny emon hTfsqtus Beardtongwe Pen s t eiron sp. Seardtongse icUtillaha lilericulata Skull cap kertascum tearsus N i l ien X

 'veroniC8 dtsericana                    Ienny"Cyal                                                           -

Solanaceae ro cata fa.jjy Scla v carolinense "orse cettle X X X bbla h d'ulcanara hightshade - I $parfaniaCede bb"-reed famiIy g ar7anium sp E r-weed

                                                                                                        /         )v ij g4             ;t r                                                                   =='--'=="'*'a" l_iJ k m                      m _ _ _

m rig.? g gdnill

O Table A-1 (Contd) O Sampling Locations

• Scientific Nr e Cen"en Nime 1 2 3 .:A 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tiliaceae tinden family
• Tilia americana 3asswood -

Typnaceae Cattail family Typha l atifolia Cattail x X Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra Sli p ery elm X Um'b ell i f e rd e f'arsley family Cicuta buibifera Waterbee'ock Pait in'a r a~~s a~tIv a

                     ~

Wild carsnip - - lza clajteni Sweet cicely ) X X OM Taricuh_l[a t rTf oII a t a X 2izia aarea Golden alexander X _ Urticaeae Nettle family Boehneria cylir4rica- False rettle

• X PIIea p2mila Clearweed X IJriTEa droEa

            ~

Stinging nettle x 0r' tic ~a u7efs~ Small stinging rettle - - Urtica sp. Nettle X X Verbenaceae Vervain family Verbena hastata Blue vervain - Viola (.eae Vi0let f amily Viola peda_tt Bird's +cct violet - - - Vio_Ta potescens De nny wellow violet viola sp. Violet I X - - - V:!.iceae Grape family Parthenoriss/ 'uirpe folia

                           ~

Virginia creeger X x X X X X X X - H_its_ sp. Crape O n'bj i) iE p hbh h h-:.11i ~b h Q 11 lt Ci)gf'. fGs JfsdpiA!.hs[Niu} Mu

v. ,

                                                                                                                            . u\          Q A-6                                 science services division

O ( APPENDIX B ANNOTATED LIST OF MAMMAL SPECIES REPORTED IN THE BAILLY LiUDY AREA, MAY, JULY, AND OCTOBER 1978 [ U ,

                                            - - /   J O.'[

science services division

O APPENDIX B ANNOTATED LIST OF MAMMAL SPECIES REPORTED IN THE

               . BAILLY STUDY AREA MAY, JULY, AND OCTOBER 1978     ,,

Opossum, Didelphis marsupialis Tracks were reported from all sampling locations. Masked shrew, Sorex cinereus A single masked shrew was captured along the transmission corridor during May. Short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda Short-tailed shrews were captured from all trapping locations. The species was most numerous along the transmission corridor during October. Eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus Mole tunneling was observed in the open and wooded bog, maple forest, and transmission sampling locations. Eastern cottantail rabbit, Sylvilagus floridanus Cottontails were reported from all sampling locations except the maple forest and emergent macrophyte community. Eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus Chipmunks were sighted and captured in all three wooded sampling locales and along the transmission corridor. The chipmunk appeared more abundant in the wooded bog than in other locations. Woodchuck, Marmota monax Woodchuck dens were reported in the L= mature oak forest and wooded bog. The only sighting took place along the dyke in the open bog. Southern flying squirrel, Claucomys volans An individual was captured in a livetrap in the wooded bog during May. Fox squirrel, Sciurus niger Fox squirrel sightings were made in all three wooded sampling locales on the study area. Fox squirrels were most numerous in the wooded bog. Red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus This small arboreal squirrel was sighted in all three wooded sampling locales and trapped in two [ maple forest - Cowles Bog (wooded)] of the three. Muskrat, Ondatra zibethica One sighting of this species occurred in the macrophyte sampling location. B-1 science services division l b

O APPENDIX B (Contd) O White-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus The white-footed mouse was trapped along all five assessment lines. It was the most abundant species captured in forested habitats. Meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow voles were captured only in nonforested trapping locations. October results revealed increases over May. Meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonicus Jumping mice were captured in the beachgrass and transmission assessment lines. Raccoon, Procyon lotor Tracks of the raccoon were found in all sampling locations, while the most sightings took place in the wooded bog. Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis A skunk sighting occurred in the foredune area during July. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus Deer tracks and/or other signs (e.g. scrapes) were noticed in all sampling locations and during all but one season in 1978 on the Bailly Study Area. An i ndividual was observed during July in the wooded bog. O B-2 - science services division l cl b h'. -

O APPENDIX C 1974-1978 CHECKLIST AND 1978 ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRD SPECIES OBSERVED IN BAILLY STUDY AREA science services division h ',[ h' )'

O APPENDIX C Table C-1 Checklist of Birds Reported from the Bailly Study Area, 1974-1978 Conmon Loon

• Ruddy Turnstone
• Horned Grebe American Woodcock
• Pied-billed Grebe
• Common Snipe
• Double-crested Cormorant
• Spotted Sandpiper
• Great Blue Heron Solitary Sandpiper
• Green Heron Greater Yellowlegs
• Great Egret Lesser Yellowlegs
• Black-crowned Night Heron Pectoral Sandpiper

    *Least Bittern

• Least Sandpiper American Bittern Dunlin
• Canada Goose Long-billed Dowitcher Snow Goose Semipalmated Sandpiper
• Mallard Sanderling
• Black Duck Great Black-backed Gull

    *Gadwall

• Herring Gull
• Pintail " Ring-billed Gull
• Green-winged Teal
• Bonaparte's Gull
• Blue-winged Teal *Conmon Tern

    *American Wigeon                       Caspian Tern

• Northern Shoveler
• Rock Dove
• Wood Duck
• Mourning Dove Redhead
• Yellow-billed Cuckoo
• Ring-necked Duck
• Black-billed Cuckoo Greater Scaup
• Screech Owl Lesser Scaup Great Horned Owl Common Goldeneye Barred Owl Bufflehead Whip-poor-will White-winged Scoter
• Common Nighthawk Ruddy Duck *Caimney Swift Hooded Merganser Ruby-throated Hummingbird

    *Connon Merganser

• Belted Kingfisher Red-breasted Merganser
• Common Flicker
• Turkey Vulture Red-bellied Woodpecker Sharp-shinned Hawk
• Red-headed Woodpecker
• Red-tailed Hawk Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-shouldered Hawk
• Hairy Woodpecker Rough-legged Hawk
• Downy Woodpecker Broadwinged Hawk *Easterr. Kingbird Marsh Hawk Great Crested Flycatcher

    *American Kestrel

• Eastern Phoebe Bobwhite Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
• Ring-necked Pheasant *Acadian Flycatcher Virginia Rail
• Willow Flycatcher

    *Sora                                  Alder Flycatcher Yellow Rail                        *Least Flycatcher

• Common Gallinule *0 live-sided Flycatcher

    *American Coot

• Eastern Wood Pewee Semipalmated Plover Horned Lark
• Killdeer
• Tree Swallow Black-bellied Plover
• Bank Swallow Rough-winged Swallow

    *0bserved in 1978 C-1               .      science services division
                                           ^O        )u

1/ /

                                                        ~

O Table C-1 (Contd)

• Barn Swallow
• Black-throated Green Warbler

   *Clif f Swallow

• Cerulean Warbler Purple Martin
• Blackburnian Warbler
• Blue Jay
• Chestnut-sided Warbler
• Common Crow
• Bay-breasted Warbler
• Black-capped Chicadee Blackpoll Warbler
• Tufted Titmouse
• Palm Warbler
• White-breasted Nuthatch
• 0venbird
• Red-breasted Nuthatch
• Northern Waterthrush
• Brown Creeper
• Louisiana Waterthrush
• House Wren Kentucky Warbler Winter Wren Connecticut Warbler
• Carolina Wren
• Mourning Warbler

  *Long-billed Marsh Wren

• Common Yellowthroat

  *Short-billed Marsh Wren                  Yellow-breasted Chat Mockingbird

• Hooded Warbler
• Gray Catbird
• Wilson 's Warbler
• Brown Thrasher
• Canada Warbler

  *American Robin

• American Redstart
• Wood Thrush
• House Sparrow
• Hermit Thrush Bobolink

  *Swainson's Thrush                        Eastern Meadowlark Gray-cheeked Thrush

• Red-winged Blackbird
• Veery Northern Oriole Eastern Bluebird
• Rusty Blackbird ggg Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
• Common Grackle
• Golden-crowned Kinglet
• Brown-headed Cowbird
• Ruby-crowned Kinglet
• Scarlet Tanager Cedar Waxwing
• Cardinal Northern Shrike
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak
• Starling
• Indigo Bunting
• White-eyed Vireo Purple Finch
• Yellow-throated Vireo
• American Goldfinch Solitary Vireo
• Rufous-sided Towhee
• Red-eyed Vireo
• Savannah Sparrow
• Philadelphia Vireo Leconte's Sparrow
• Warbling Vireo
• Dark-eyed Junco
• Black-and-white Warbler
• Tree Sparrow
• Golden-winged Warbler
• Chipping Sparrow Blue-winged Warbler
• Field Sparrow
• Tennessee Warbler White-crowned Sparrow

 *0 range-crowned Warbler

• White-throated Sparrow
• Nashville Warbler
• Fox Sparrow
• Northern Parula Lincoln's Sparrow
• Yellow Warbler " Swamp Sparrow .t ;
• Magnolia Warble-
• Song Sparrow I
• Black-throated blue Warbler Snow Bunting ,o
• Yellow-rumped Wtrbler 4 ,

O C-2 science services diviskan

O APPENDIX C Table C-2 Annotated List of Bird Species Observed in the Bailly Station Site Vicinity May, July, and October 1978 Horned Grebe, Podiceps auritus (Migrant) Two individuals were observed on Pond B during October. Pied-billed Grebe, Podi? mbus 7 podiceps_ (Summer Resident) Pied-billed Grebes were observed on three ponda (A, B and G) during May and October. Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus (Migrant) One cormorant was sighted on Lake Michigan north of the beachgrass locale feeding in the Bailly outfall. This species is on the 1978 blue list (Arbib 1977). Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias, (Summer Resident) This large wading bird was less common on the study area during 1978 than during previous years. The only sighting came from aquatic sampling loca-tion J. Green Heron, Butorides virescens (Summer Resident) Individuals of this species were sighted on five ponds during May. Nesting also occurred in the maple community during Fby. No sightings were reported during October. Great Egret, Casmerodius albus (Summer Resident) An individual was observed in the open bog during May. Black-crowned Night Heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (Summer Resideat) An individual was sighted on Pond D during bby. Least Bittern, Ixyobrychus exilis, (Summer Resident) An observation of this small wading bird was reported during Fby in Pond C. Canada Goose, Branta canadensis (Summer Resident) An individual was observed leaving Pond C during October. Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (Summer Resident) The Mallard was one of the most abundant and widely distributed ducks in-habiting aquatic areas on the study site. Black Duck, Anas rubripes (Migrant) Black Ducks were not reported during Fby, but were seen on one water body during October. They are rarely as common as Fb11ards. C-3 science services division q

                                                'l,' O/  6,
                                                        <~

O Table C-2 (Contd) Cadwall, Anas strepera (Migrant) A flock of 13 Gadwalls was sighted on Pond C during October. Cadwall are infrequent visitors of water bodies on the study area. Pintail, Anas acurta (Migrant) A flock of 21 Pintail was observed on Pond B during October. Green-winged Teal, Anas crecca (Migrant) A rather large flock of 39 birds was observed on Pond D during October. Blue-winged Teal, Anas discolor (Summer Resident) Blue-winged Teal were less numerous on the study area than were Green-winged Teal. Twelve individuals were sighted on Pond C. American Wigeon, Anas americana (Migrant) One flock composed of 56 individuals inhabited Pond B throughout much of October. The flock was never observed on any of the other water bodies. Northern Shovler, Anas Clypeata (Migrant) One sighting was made on Pond E during October. Wocd Duck, Aix sponsa, (Summer Resident) O Wood Ducks were uncommon on the study area during 1978. They are normally more abundant. Ring-necked Duck, Aythya_ collaris One flock of 18 Ring-necked Ducks was observed feeding on Pond C during October. Common Merganser, Mergus merganser (Migrant) One Common Merganser was observed on Pond E during October. Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura (Summer Resident) An individual was sighted flying over the study area during May. Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis (Permanent Resident) One individual was observed during thy. American Kestrel, Falco sparverius (Permanent Resident) Two sightings occurred south of the immediate study area during July. Ring-necked Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (Permanent Resident) Several birds were heard during May in the open bog. None were sighted h on the road route. C-4 science services division Et,'f C/ 3$9

O r Table C-2 (Contd) a Sora, Porzana carolina (Summer Resident) A Sora was reported from the shoreline of Pond G during May. Common Gallinule, Gallinula chloropus (Summer Resident) Two individuals were noted in Pond G during May. American Coot, Fulica americana (Summer Resident) Coots were among the most abundant and widely distributed aquatic species on the site. The greatest numbers occurred in Ponds C and G. Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus (Summer Resident) Killdeer occurred along the sandy beach of Lake Michigan during October and along the edge of roads at the Bailly Study Area during May. Ruddy Turnstone, Arenaria interpres (Migrant) Six turnstones were sighted along the shoreline of Lake Michigan north of the beachgrass community during May, while a flock of 20 was observed in the same location during October. Common Snipe, Capella gallinago (Migrant) Snipe were noted in the open bog during Fby generel observations. Spotted Sandpiper, Actitis macularia (Summer Resident) An individual was sighted along the beach area during May. Least Sandpiper, Calidris minutilla (Summer Resident) An individual was reported along the road route during July. Herring Gull, Larus argentatus (Migrant-Winter Resident) Spring and fall maximum counts for the Lake Michigan bea h area were 34 in May and 13 in October. Ring-billed Gull, Larus delawarensis (Permanent Resident) A maximum of 210 birds was counted along the beach of Lake Michigan / ring May. Bonaparte's Gull, Larus philadelphia (Migrant) Bonaparte's Gulls were abundant during >by, and scarce during Octob Common Tern, Sterna hirundo (Migrant) Two Terns were sighted during May flying along the beach of Lake Michigan. Rock Dove, Columha livia (Permanent Resident) Rock Dove were most commonly observed during the July road survey. C-5 science services division 579 3UU

O { Table C-2 (Contd) 4 Mourning Dove, Zenaida macroura (Permanent Resident) Greater numbers of Mourning Dove were sighted during the July roadside survey (10) than during the Fby survey (2) . Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus (Summer Resident) An individual was sighted along Cowles Bog trail in May. Black-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Summer Resident) One specimen of this more northern breeding species was sighted during May general observations. Screech Owl, Otus asio (Permanent Resident) An individual of this small owl species was heard calling at the edge of Cowles Bog in October. The Screech Owl is one of the most noctournal of North American Owls (Van Camp and Henny 1975). Common Nighthawk, Chordelles minor (Summer Resident) Numerous individuals of this aerial predator of insects were observed flying over the study area in late Fby, and an individual was observed along Cowles Bog trail. Chimney Swif t, Chaetura pelagica (Summer Resident) d Various numbers were observed hawking for insects over the open bog during May and July. Belted Kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (Permanent Resident) Kingfishers were cighted in both Bby and October. All sightings were near water. Common Flicker, Colaptes auratus (Permanent Resident) Flickers were seen sporadically in wooded sampling locations. Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erytbrocephalus (Permanent Resident) Red-headed Woodpeckers were most common in dead timber in the open bog during May. Hairy Woodpecker, Dendrocopos villosus (Permanent Resident) This large woodpecker was particularly common on the study area in May. It also was seen in July and October. Downy Woodpacker, Dendrocopos pubescens (Permanent Resident) This fairly common woodpecker species was recorded from woodlands over the study area. Woodpeckers are generally not destructive to healthy trees, but instead make cavities in trees that have been previously damaged by ,gl g insects, disease, fires, or storms (Hardin and Evans 1977). C-6 aclence services division h

4 as . s . q,' -

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        =*
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              =
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                =                                                                                                                                       ...

T * . .

• e e

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ,                              _p L

e e . p.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  )                                                                                                                                                      .

g ,, ' '4 . ,,,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   .-        l'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   .'               .,                 F.                       .

w

                                                                                                                                . ^ ';*                                                                                                                                             ,                                                                           :

s .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ,              'g
                                                                                                                                               .                             -, g

• a

( , , ,

                                                                                                                                         ~* &
 .                                                                                                                                                                     . - - -                                                                       A ' ..                                                     .                  .' ' ' s.           .

s . . . J a gi

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       . -                                                                                                             po .,

5 q. y

                                                                                                                           + * ' "

g. e. e ,,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .)                                 ,

i , ,.

                                                                                                                                                                                    .e               ,g'                                                                                                                                                                                                               -

• O . _

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   .                 no                                                       .
..                                                                                                                         g                   - -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     .                   :                                               . t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ' O
                                                                                                                                                                   .-                                                                            se.                                                     . '                                                                                                                 ,'G e                       .

• e ' ' , * ,. . ,

f 3 lk

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .)                    .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          =-                                         .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ..                -*:4 e          .

4 . ,.,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              -)
                                                                                                                    . - s' 'Y . , 'a b;b' *N
                                                           'f) k    b f$ ' ** f                         *
                                                                   ?<                              b'  .
                                                                                                             .y
                                                                                                                                                                                                      .l i'"D '.' D '                                                     E
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ?.                           ,p              Y ..                                              -Q '

whk m'$h5 m ah k$$$ t. yw$' Y f..d.p? if..Yh Yb.AN&b s$.h h. N $Ek EYS NN35ND MdMMM,am@s). n M 6N

                                                                                                                                                                                          .n
                                                                                                                                                                                                             , u$$N-aw.hh(d      NMTNMN n                          .w.

xn M m$

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          .n Af W > %m %..~ e$ $ d. m y e%@: w w p%,. ,% p % o WM3,Ms$2.

v. M.m.).i.k - . %.. , ~ MADF  :

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ..                                                           - ~

.M Wy, y d n r<a w . ?. ) -

                                                                                                                                                             , .v e Q:                        .,..,

w- e,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            -\          -;?..Q. . '* '                           <

t,ny.f.mf 4,r.y,%)h Sf;D?m.ey&. w: i W s ~ : ? . 9 , ,. p, teg

                                                                               ?@.Ah                p    M          W',               ,

V:.* ,* ~;p~< S c. ~ u'*? W .7.'..MQLW, ~$ ? .'$'.: % ?.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ':. m        m.'U%                ': ;

yb$h  % h','. . W, Ad; %v. s:~y d h H y @ [h I b b N.m& .M L w w2%hkhk$$ - Q bN5h.'dk smf .. 9 ,' E gip L, .& N N:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 . s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ~            ,       .         e::,y                     ,,n. m
          +y p.';pe1py;ycqk .%.,._w,24:mm.,8Aa,y,v-m         v mp%., ga +k x%.m:e'f. b .: . :e:+,:?M./ wsm s m%., e:.

s. .. c m. . .: ; m; s +p! m.x =-

4 Q ,p.J? Ht w'h Wa1 W .

          &,h _?kTR.k'                                         djh1S%%;                              $~?n L. a _MV:$N'%, :' #. MWgi5
                                                                                                                                 '      %.iS                              W' s
                                                       %4MbMM&Ye                           b.Wrff$l, kkTd                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. $Wg'??: " ' t T
          $#W'+,,$)MEMMMWaFs@WdW5%h-W:

M. _n' M _.  %.. n&' y,M W,. Aa :f- w_c..,% #$m~Q2:.n_w. M 6 O. M_Ds N. s3-M _ M LL%.';m:m%M': - .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .n: :i                 .

m . . a n': ;'~.. ~ y Q+56 % - -

g k .; L;t *; Q

Q:2 . *. :p :/C :s -

7, w' %.q%..~G.p$*:@".e!,Y. Vl.W Qpf 8 ."gjw b W,y-p J@p

                               'f                     rf

• sh <  ;

           .@f?$0p           #e.%                          q . sh,t: y 6h                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   %+,

M M;Db. % f MM5%9h@Q%:&@s'N2**(@ff?"W[# MM %sCb

                                                                                              %2
                                                                                                                                  "

• j l d,j.y ',~w 3,QNW. M wudMW MDJ,'.h@W W) E ^;h 9

M o.

                                                 %                 4G9WM@WW~kY&4%W@,

MM nt -M k M:%-e.W..% M W %? a W M: D . n.~ @ww3w. 4 C

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      -6JN           1.4         w M M.W%yk@x%

wsp

            $p?55CN;l.haS$
            ..<,QQ Q 2 % P W F, pW'W

QUN W;WNh

                                                                             &l%*A G.*N*Q
                                                                                       @:#(M.w        v' Mw l$?$bQ'f$$m&s^*$.WN.?w?:W'&a AM;A.C::;.s:/                       .Ff
                                                                                                                                                            ~
                                                                                                                                                                                    .o!5y&'QEW.4':

S

                                                                                                                                                                                                     .       -N' o-M':.f.'                                                         .

s:n$~O:I n.v G.:.',P:.% V

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          $$$.                    .?V
                                                                                               .%D                                                                                                                                         mlO-%                      ' ' L :JW                                                                                                                   :% P:?:y.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          -w I, yh.e'&g.M*W e
            *f %y&v~D .'d.=C     N'%,4   '
                                           . Mn%p  %./;;kp.fq%.         '; 2W%.?"diw&iM               .KQl*M&:.:                       f> , ' - ^ < - s -
                                                                                                                   'WN s. p:,;~3 ~~g: ?-                                                .                                   ? c.^                                                        :,,..t,3              $','Q"'.,'7l%,

O w

M JT V '

R '  ?., n :s u<

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       . 8:%e. '~2-s             6:t&
            .sM, &T% .R4          ,, , yf@ %>fM                                                                                                                                                            %'ibq

?. ,"v.;:W.

M V

            ?,$?          E?hfle                       .;.V.p?%5.                              5 NW n'$, N
            &y %af)&aW W u M M wf ig,$m$ &w@
            -                     n C?h&n%         ng                      $

WWR$n%a,w$n&;;W:&MN a MW MM Mk. uw n~WyWn% d $Vt% w%$yw?dS&w?W Q b, m% a kW%djf&,+Y.QNk&a&S,.w

                                                                                                 %n                                                                    mw W M .'&%'% elf? e%cy~:$.AM M                                                                                                                                                                          m.

d> Ro %g3fe91$>y, Y,,4+g s q <4 .

  \\\Y/        IMAGE EVALUATION                  '\

TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 lf a S in [33 j'd 036[il2.2 i a 1.25 1.4 1.6

                                 ==
     $                                          W
&b%      #f
                                        + /sN Wv.7
       , %' //                         4+3%ww@
                                        #6o         .

O <p ' <p '

                                            .;c

O Table C-2 (Contd) Eastern Kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus (Summer Resident) The kingbird was sighted in wet habitats in May, being most numerous around ponds. Eastern Phoebe, Sayornis phoebe (Summer Resident) This early-arriving and late-departing summer resident was seen on the study area in May. Acadian Flycatcher, Empidonax virescens (Summer Resident' This woodland inhabitant was observed in Cowles Bog ,(wooded) during May. Willow Flycatcher, Empidonax traillii (Summer Resident) Incidental sightings revealed several individuals of this species in the open bog. Least Flycatcher, Empidonax minimum (Summer Resident) This smallest of flycatchers was observed on the study area in May, oc-curring most commonly in edge ~ habitat along Cowles Bog trail. Eastern Wood Pewee, Contopus virens (Summer Resident) Observations of this woodland flycatcher were recorded in May, in the wooded bog. Olive-sided Flycatcher, Nuttallornis borealis (Migrant) This species was sighted along Cowles Bog trail. Tree Swallow, Iridoprocne bicolor (Summer Resident) This species was commonly sighted hunting for insects over several ponds and the beach area in May. Late individuals were observed over these same areas in October. Bank Swallow, Riparia riparia (Summer Resident) Bank Swallows were common in and around the same areas tree swallows were observed. Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica (Summer Resident) The greatest numbers of this spc.ies occurred during May and October around the beachgrass. Numerous 'adividuals of this and other swallow species were also observed hunting over the open bog. Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) Several individuals were observed flying along the beach area during October. Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata (Permanent Resident) This common permanent resident was observed in all woodlands on the study area. C-7 science services d' vision i ri ' 'Ai

                                              ;;l i j .) 'v d I

O Table C-2 (Contd) O Common Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos (Permanent Resident) Small flocks of this corvid were seen on practically all parts of the study area. Black-capped Chickadee, [trus atricapillus (Permanent Resident) Chickadees were les- frequent during 1978 than in past years. A few could be counted on most visits to suitable h.bitat. Tufted Titmouse, Parus bicolor (Permanent Resident) A few titmice were observed at all times in woodlands on the study area. White-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis (Permanent Resident) This :uthatch species was observed most frequently in maple and oak wood-lands. Red-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta canadensis (Migrant-Winter Resident) An individual was sighted during incidental observations in the wooded bog during May. Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris (Migrant-Winter Resident) Creepers were common in Cowles Bog (wooded) during October. House Wren, Troglodytes aedo_n (Summer Resident) This common summer resident was observed in Fby. Carolina Wren, Thyrothorus ludovicianus (Permanent Resident) An individual was observed on the edge of the maple forest during May. Long-billed Marsh Wren, Telr'todytes palustris (Summer Resident) An individual was sighted during Fby in the edge of the open bog. Short-billed Fbrsh Wren, Cistothorus platensis (Summer Resident) This smaller marsh wren was common in Cowles Bog during May. Gray Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (Summer Resident) Catbirds were most abundant in moist woodlands on the study area during Fby. Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (Summer Resident) This member of the family Mimidae was observed most commonly on the study area in Fby, in Cowles Bog (wooded). American Robin, Turdus migratorius (Summer Resident) Numerous observations were made of this common woodland thrush. C-8 science services division r_ A D iau U'Ul t-l

O Table C-2 (Contd) Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina (Summer Resident) The wood thrush was common during May and October in Cowles Bog (wooded). Hermit Thrush, Catharus guttata (Migrant) Incidental Hermit Thrush observations occurred during ray and October in Ccwles Bog (wooded). Swains,n's Thrush, Catharus ustulata (Migrant)

1. few Swainson's were sighted on the study area in Iby.

Veer', Catharus fuscescens (Summer Resident) As in previous years, the Veery bred in the woods along Cowles Bog trail. Several were also noted along the trail in October. Gciden-crowned Kinglet, Regulus satrapa (Migrant-Winter Resident) The kinglet was uncommon in the immature oak forest in October. Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calcndula (Migrant) Two individuals were sighted along Cowles Bog trail during October. Starling, Sturnus vulgaris (Permanent Resident) Starlings could usually be observed in the transmission corridor and in-dustrial areas. Large numbers again roosted in cattails in Cowles Bog (open). White-eyed Vireo, Vireo griseus (Summer Resident) White-eyed Vireos were commonly observed on the study area in May in wooded locales. Yellow-throated Vireo, Vireo flavifrons (Summer Resident) An individual was observed along Cowles Bog trail during May. Red-eyed Vireo, Vireo olivaceus (Summer Resident) Red-eyed Vireos, the most common vireo breeding in the region, were ob-served in wooded locaticas in May and October. Philadelphia Vireo, Vireo philadelphia (Migrant) This species was fairly common in wooded locations during May. Warbling Vireo, Vireo gilvus (Summer Resident) Warbling Vireos were also fairly common in wooded locations during May. Black-and-white Warbler, Minotilta varia (Summer Resident) A few incidental sightings of black-and-whites were reported in Cowles Bog (wooded) during Fby. C-9 science services diviolon b

O Table C-2 (Contd) O Colden-winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera (Migrant) An individual was sighted along Cowles Bog trail during May. Tennessee Warbler, Vermivora peregrina (Migrant) A Tennessee Warbler was sighted foraging for invertebrates in black oak trees in sampling location 3 during May. Orange-crowned Warbler, Vermivora celata (Migrant) One individual was observed along Cowles Bog trail in October. This was the only warbler observed only in October. Nashville Warbler, Vermivora ruficapilla (Migrant) One Nashville was sighted in woodlands along Cowles Bog trail in May. Northern Parula "arula americana (Migrant) One part o was seen on the study area in May. Yellow Warbler, Dendroica petechia (Summer Resident) Yellow Warblers were fairly common in the open bog during May. Magnolia Warbler, Dendroica magnolia (Migrant) g The magnolia was commonly observed on the study area in May. Black-throated Blue Warbler, Dendroica caerulescens (Migrant) Two individuals were seen along Cowles Bog trail in May. Yellow-rumped Warbler, Dendroica coronata (Migrant) The Yellow-rumped Warbler, the most common warbler migrating through the region, was recorded in May and October. They were sighted most f requently in the open bog.

  . tack-throated Green Warbler, Dendroica virens (Migrant)

Two individuals were noted in the immature oak forest during Fby. Cerulean Warbler, Dendroica cerulen (Summer Resident) An individual was sighted along Cowles Bog trail during Fby. Blackburnian Warbler, Dendroica fusca (Migrant) Blackburnian Warblers were seen in the immature oak and maple sampling locales during Fay. Chestnut-sided Warbler, Dendroica pensylvanica (Summer Resident) An individual was seen in the immature oak woodlands (sampling location 3) during Fby. g C-10 science ;aerv@e'sidivialon

O Table C-2 (Contd) Bay-breasted Warbler, Dendroica castanea (Migrant) Two Bay-breasted Warblers were sighted along Cowles Bog trail during May. Palm-Warbler, Dendraica palmarum (Migrant) A single individual was observed in open habitat near sampling location 5 during May. Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus (Summer Resident) One Ovenbird was sighted along Cowles Bog trail in Fby-Nort hern Waterthrush, Seiurus noveboracensis (Migrant) Two sightings occurred in wetter habitats along Cowles Ea3 erail. Louisiana Waterthrush, Seiurun motacilla (Si esident) A single Louisiana Waterthrush was observed during May in the wooded bog. Mourning Warbler, Oporornis philadelphia (Summer Resident) An individual of this secretive species was observed 1.t thicket habitat along Cowles Bog trail in Fby. Common Yellowthroat, Geothylpis trichas (Sumner Resident) The Yellowthroat, a species that commonly nests in marshy habitats, was observed in bby. Hooded Warbler, Wilsania citrina (Migrant) Two individuals were sighted along Cow.es Bog trail in May. Wilson's Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla (Migrarc) Several individuals were observed ir. May along Cowles Bog trail. Canada Warbler, Wilsonia canadensis (Summer Resident) Canada Warblers were common in Fby in Cowles Bog (wooded) . American Redstart, Setophaga ruticilla (Summer Resident) Redstarts were common in forested habitats on the study area during May. House Sparrow, Passer domesticus (Permanent Resident) This introduced species was most frequent in residentia] areas along the road route. Red-winged Blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus (Summer Resident) Red-winged Balckbirds were abundant on the study area during all sampling periods. Redwings again roosted by the thousands in Cowles Bog (open) in October. C-ll science services divis* n 500 Lt5

O Table C-2 (Contd) Rusty Blackbird, Euphagus carolinus (Migrant) A few hundred birds were observed roosting in and around Cowles Bog (open) in October. Common Crackle, Quiscalus quiscula (Summer Resident) Grackles were common to abundant on the study area during all sampling seasons. Grackles were among the large number of birds roosting in the open bog during October. Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater (Summer Resident) Cowbirds were commonly observed during Fby and October, although their number were lower than other blackbird and related species. Scarlet Tanager, Piranga olivacea (Summer Resident) Sightings were made in the immature oak forest and in Cowles Bog (wooded). Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis (Permanent Resident) Although generally common in forested locales, this conspicuous permanent resident was rarely observed during 1978. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicia3us (Summet Fesident) Grosbeaks were common only during Fby. Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea (Summer Resident) An individual was sighted along the road route during May. American Gcidfinch Spinus tristis (Permanent Resident) Several small flocks of this small finch were observed in open habicat during Fby and October Rufous-sided Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Sumner Resident) Towhees were observed in May and October. Woodlands along Cowles Bog trail appeared to be the most favored habitat. Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (Summer Resident) One individual was seen in the border between the wooded and open bog during Fby. Dark-eyed Junco, Junco hyemalis (Winter Resident) Small flocks were common in all open habitats during October. Tree Sparrow, Spizella arborea (Winter Resident) Trce sparrows were most common in the transmission corridor and along the euge of the maple forest. llh science services division C-12 - uv Lq ~,.-

O Table C-2 (Contd) Chipping Sparrow, Spizella passerina (Summer Resident) An individual was observed during Fby on the road re 'e survey. Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla (Summer Resident) Field Sparrows were recorded from the transmission corridor during May and Octoter. White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicellis (Summcr Resident) This species was common in damp areas in the wooded bog during October. Fox Sparrow, Passerella iliaca (Migrant) One Fox Sparrow was sighted along edge habitat in Cowles Bog (wooded). Swamp Sparrow, Melospiza georgiana (Permanent Resident) This wetland-inhabiting sparrow was observed in the open bog during May and October. Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia (Permanent Resident) This common sparrow was observed in thicket and brushy habitats over the study area. C-13 . ,-i,

                                                             . science services diviolon b

O O 9 i. rsj no dv 2

O \ APPENDIX D ANNOTATED 7.IST OF AMPHIBIANS AN REPTILE SPECIES OBSERVED AT IdE BAILLY STUDY AREA, MAY AND JULY, 1978 I) [) ([, lj, ;U/ gn science services division

O APPENDIX D ANNOTATED LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILE SPECIES OBSERVED AT THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, MAY AND JULY 1978 Red-backed salamander, Plethedon cinereus_ Individuals c this species were found under logs in Cowles Bog (wooded) during May. American toad, Bufo americanus An individual was captured from the transmission corrid6r during July. Cricket frog Acris crepitans During May, chorus activity was reported from the wooded open bog and emergent macrophyte community. Spring peeper, Hyla cru ifer Peepers were reported from two of the eight sampling locations on the study area during Fby. Gray treefrog, Hyla versicolor Gray treefrogs were heard calling from Cowles Bog (wooded and open) sam-pling locaticns during May. Bull frog, Rana catesbeiana The bull frog was commonly observed during May and July in th2 aquatic macrophyte sampling location. Green frog, Rana clamitans The green frog was much less common in 1978 than during past years on the study area. Wood frog, Rana sylvatica Several individuals of this almost excit sively woodland frog were heard calling from Cowles Bog (wooded) during Fby. Painted turtle, Chrysemys picta Painted turtles were observed commonly during May and July from the aquatic macrophyte community. Northern water snake, Natrix sipedon The northern water snake was reproted from the aquatic macrophyte sampling location during Fby and July. Eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis Only one garter snake was observed during 1978. It has in past years been more common. D-1 science services division 5BC Ci0

O APPENDIX D (Contd) Blue racer, Coluber constrictor One blue racer was captured during tby in the beachgrass sampling locale. Eastern hognose snake, Heterodon platyrhinos An individual of this species was observed in the maple forest during May. O c, ei1 m 9 SClenCs ServlCOS divlSIOn

O APPENDIX E CHECKLIST OF ENTOMOLOGICAL FAUNA COLLECTED IN THE NIPSCo BAILLY STUDY AREA, 1974-1978 c n (s (' * ') (, i U i L science services division

O Table E-1 Checklist of Entomological Fauna Collected in the NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, 1974-197b Crder Protura (proturans) Order Thysaroptera (thrips) Order Diplura (diplurans) Aeolothripidae Order Collerbola (sprir.: tails) Thripidae Podaridae Phloeothripidae Onychiuridae Order Hemiptera (bugs) Isotomidae Corixidae (waterboatmen) Entenrjryidae g ra son. Smintouridae iricnocerixa sp. Order Ephereroptera (mayflies) No tonec tTdie Tbac k s.vinners) Caenidae Notonecta spp. Caenis spp. Pleidae (pTeid water bugs) Clcecn sp. Plea striola Baetidae Nepidae (waterscorpions) 33etis si. !_@pa apiCulata Heptageniicae Panatra sp. Stenenera sp. GeT'astocoridae (toad bugs) Ephereridae Belostomatidae (giant water bugs) H_exalenia sp. Belostora sp. Order Odonata ' dragonflies, damselflies) Gerridae Tsater spiders) Aeshnidae (dragonflies) Gerris sp. Aescena verticalis Trepcbates sp. Ea x gunius veTTidie7b7eadshouldered water striders) LiEeTTulidae (drag:nflies) Micrevelia sp. E rythamis sp. ~ Trepcbates sp. Leucorrhinia intacta Mesoveliidae (water treaders) Libellula sp. Mesovelia sp. EacnydT3 Tax lcn;ipennis Hebridae (velvet water bugs) Etat h is lydia Hebrus sp. Sy"petrum sp. Miridae (plant bugs)

5. vicinium Ceraeocoris sp.

Lestidae lM mselflies) Eustictus sp. Lestes rectanaularis F3Tticus tracteatus (garden fleahopper) Coenagrienidae (da-salflies) H Amonia;rion saucium [jaliodes opidea sp. sp. Enalla n s;p. QTTireolaris (tarnished plant bug) Tschrura spp. SenaTaTnia sp. F.eurocalpus sp. Plagiognathus obscurus Orde H rthoptera (grasshcp;ers, hatydids, reaches, etc.) Poecilocapsus lineatus Tetrigidae (pyg y grasshoppers) $Txecr.otus sp. Acrididae (grassho;;ers) Strorgloccris a tritibialis Dissosteira carolica (Carolina grasshcoper) Trijonotvlus ruficornis Melanoplus sep. T tarsalis T-ttigoniidae (katjdids) NaEidreTdamsel buas) Conocegalus,sp. Q EfMfJ Nabis so. icrocentrum sp. - ;) Peduviidae (assassin bJgs) secconccephalus sp. 7 alas sp. SCJdderia furcata Q. 9, rn ratieae (a-bush eugs) GrylTidieTcric k e ts) W. d ih rata sp. GryllJs sp. Cecantra s sD. [b .3 Tingidae (lace bugs)

                                                  ~ ~;       ~"3                Corythaca accuata H smatidae (walkingsticks)                            ^~

C~ contrac ta _ Jiactercrera fe crat3 Mantidae (rantiusT t"._(]' [. marmorata Leptcp~harsa sp. Blattidae (cockroac*es) E J.] Pie F Ttidse [ashgray leaf bugs) Pirccblatta virginica - Pies a cinera Order 'Cer a; tera ; earwigs) *G'. - <j Forficulidae Order Isoptera (termites L~ h! Lygaeidae (seed bugsl C rus sp. Phino;er-itidae Order Plecc; tera (st.neflies) ([ ff Q E 'rPjc o_r i s, s p . Gaccoris sp. Iscnnode us falicus Isc;erlidae

                                                              ,g                [scnnorhynchus resedae Iscperla sp.                                    ,                       L g eJs_ kklb i Ferfi cae                                                       J          sjsius sp.

Perlesta placida f fed 3ncala sp. Order rscco; tera Tpsocias) h. c.

                                                                              ?~ccettus fasciatus Liposceiidae (backlice)                           \y j                     Cettaea sp.

Pseudccaeciliidae (psccids) A p9envas attrevia tus Poly:Socidae (ps0cids) C3 3er/ tid 3e (stilt bug'sI Fsocidae (ps cids) faljs;s sc.

                                                        ,. % n.               -
                                                        ; 633 E-1                  ,

science services division hO vs b, hI ,1

O Table E-1 (Contd) Order Hemiptera (bugs) (Continued) Coreidae (coreid bugs) Order Coleoptera (beetles) (Centinued) O Haliplidae (crawling water beetles) Euthcchtha c.p. Haliplus sp.

    entatomTdae (stink bugs)                                           Pe'toTv~tes duodecirpunctatus Acrosternum sp.                                                   T. naticus Cosmopep W bp aculata                                        Dytisciaae Tpredaceous diving teetles) l'uchistus sp.                                                   Agabu_s sp.

Mormidea lugens Corgtotorus sp. Peribalus sp. Desmophachria sp. Podoot sn. Hydroporus spp. Solubea sp. H. consimilis CydnTriE-(burrower bugs) li. niter Alloccris sp. Avarotus sp. GTgupaa_ sp. Fyb_iussp. Order Homcpter3 (hoppers,3phids) Laccophilus spp. Cicadidae ; cicadas) Rhantus sp. Membracidae 'treehnppers) Gfiniaae (whirling beetles) Ceresa sp. Gyrinus sp. C. bubalas G. borealis Cyrtolob q sp. Hydrephilidae (water scavenger beetles) [nchenoga binotata Anacaena 4 Vanduzea sp. Eerosus sp. CicadellHaa (leafhoppers) fjmbiodyta, fimbriata A]allia constricta Enochrus sp. Chlorotettiv sp. eelophorus sp. ConnelIus sp. HydrJbius sp. DTraneura SEp. -~ H7dFOcha_ra sp. Draecu'acechala sp. Hydrochas_ sp. Ercoasca sp. Paracyrus sp. Erytheoreura so. ~ Tropisternus sp. Texamia sp. T~.Ta t e ra i t s Gracnocechala sp. Ptiliidae (featherwinced teetles) Gypenana sp. Ptinella sp. Idiocer_us sp. PtineTlodes_ sp. L i"'o te t t it sp. Staphyllnidae (reve beetles) Macrosteles divisa 4ro Paena sp. C Mesamia sp. Faederus sp. Paraplapsius_ sp. _ Stenus Tp. Pojl a'ria sp.

         -                                                              Tachirus sp.

Cerccpidae (spittletags) Pse @ T He (shurtwinged nold beetles) Delphacidae (delphacid planthoppers) Ortheperidae (minute fungus beetles) Cixiidae (cixtid planthoppers) Artholios sp. Dictyopharidae (dictycpharid plarthoppers) Cantharidae~ (soldier beetles) Achilidae (achilid planthoppers) Cantharis sp. Flatidae (flatid planthoppers) C. rectus Acaraloniidae (acanaloniid planthoppers) Podabrus spp. Issidae (issid pla_nthorpers) Fol enius sp. Psyllidae (jumpina Ty f t honyx sp. Aphididae(aphids)plantlice) Lampyridie~(fireflies) Order Colecptera (beetles) EllycEnia corrusca Cupedidae (recticulated teetles) Lu_cidota sp. Cupes ccncolor Fhotinus sp. CicindellidH'-[ tiger beetles) Piktur.s sp. Cicindela dorsalis ennsylvanica C. hirticolTis Py rap?terg a sp. P C. repanda Derr'estidae idernestid beetles) C. Rutellaris Malachiidae (softwinced fi mer t.eetles) CarabidEWound beetles) Attalus sp. Accroderus (p. Cle'rTdae (checkered beetles) Anisodactylus sp. Enoclerus sp. Anonefss[sp. Ischvdr s era tabida Berti;icn sp. ihyllebaenus palli ChTaW sp. Ela teride TcTicrTe_pennis

                                                                             ~

eilea Cl i v i ni~a- s p . Athous sp. _H y alus sp. fonoderus vespertinus Lebla pumila [tentcera sp. L. viridis Hericrep'idius sp.

     @cphronJ_alia_tum.                                               Fetiro@res sp.

Platy'rus sp. L1rcnius basilaris PierostIc Ns sp. ' ~.l L n t e rs EI t 1"a l i s 5tenoceIlus sp. Melanotus spp. S~Fnoloihus sp. t Throscidae (tnroscid beetles) Tachyce[ Tis _~sp. AJ1onothrosc n sp. hf$% in m ._ i . f/  : h SClence servlCOS dlvlSIOn h dt bt !! II h m u s'f , u.i hQ y '

o Table b-1 (Contd) Order Coleoptera (beetles) (Continued) Order Coleoptera (beetles) (Continued) Buprestidae (netallic woodborers) Lucanidae (stag beetles) Acr.3eodera pulchella Pseudolucanus sp. A~crilus sp. F,ostrichidae Tialse powderpst beetles) AT arcuatus Lichenechanes sp. Brachys ovatus Sc a ra be i dae Ts~c~a ra b s ) faphrocerus sp. Anomala sp. Ftilodactylidae (ptilodactylid beetles)

                                                                                       ~

Ataenius sp. Ptilodactyla sp.- Geotrupes sp. HeTodidae (rar'sh beetles) Macrodiffylus subspinosus (rose center) Cyphon sp. Maladera castanea (Asiatic garden beetle) flod H so. Onthopni3us. Janus Frioncyphon sp. Ihyl ophaga spp. Scrites sp. Serica sp. Elnliielrif fle beetles) Trichiatinus sp. Cryptophagidae (cryptophagid beetles) Cerarbyc idFTlonghorned beetles) Paraxontha sp. Anoplodera ruhica Languriidae (languriid beetles) k erea tripunctata Acrepteroxys sp. Ethoscrabrunneum Cucujidae Tflat bark teetles) Fara w a brunnea Laemopholeus sp. ?ss . cerus supernotatus Phalacridae [Thinina funcus beetles) P3rossa unicolor Clibrus sp. Sacerda vestita NiTiUus sp. Tfoocerus sp. SiiThus sp. ChrysseeTidae (leaf beetles) NiticulIdae (sap beetles) Acaly y vittata Brachypterus sp. AJticasp. C anisostena sp. Lath. diidae tarchaTr gla_ tro n scavenger beetles) a+_inute Anoplitis inaeaualis Corticaria sp. BTbia sp. ErstyTidae (pleasing fungus teetles) Cillincapha spp. Ischyrus quadripunctatus Cerotoma trifurcata Melaladacne fusciata Chaetocnema minutt CoFcI @ idaa [la::y beetles) Chalepus sp. Adalia bipunctata (twnpotted lady beetle) C. scapularis C'hTliinris stiq"a (twicestabbed lady beetle) Chal-1 sus sp. foicinela noverr 5tata Chrysochus auratus C5 leo q lla fuscilabris Chr[vsodinasp.

      @ ls eda singuisp                                                    Chlaspsis sp.

Hippoda'ia Ccnverqens (Convergent lady beetle) Cresidodera sp.- H. gla c ial i s Crioceris duodeci . punctata (spotted asparagus beetle) H. Darenthesis Cryptocephalus sp. R. tridecerpunctata (13-spotted lady beetle) Dili ala cuttata

                                                                                 ~

hyperpspis.undulata bIitrotica undecirpunctata (spotted cucumber beetle) Microweisea sp. D. virp fira (western corn rootworn) W obora viginiti aculata Diachus sp. Sc vnnus sp . g DTRIoTia sp. Anthicidae (antiike f1c*er beetles) NJ C_isc ycra pennsylvanica nnthicus sp. D. Tatifrons Netoxus m juri ennis 4 Exera sp. Zuglenidae (antlilTleaf beetles) #2 Lera collaris Elenus sp. M~j ion 7itarsus sp. ILTP N. IR'lTrTus sp. PeifTiTae-(false antiike flower beetles) Mycetcphagidae (hairy fung;s beetles) (73 Kodanata sp. CelTonychus sp. Pachytrachis sp. Mycetcphaps sp. Pyrc 5 oih e [tirecolored beetles) {(1 W3 7*/3g Vn' j vfl 5Treta sp. Fhaa rn viridis

     @ndroid is_ sp.                                 {]g                   P a3i ;1_~a varsicolor (imported willow leaf beetle)

MordeTlidae (turbling flower teetles) 3' "' ..) Pl(a_cimetrionaclavata Mordella spp. IWilioces sp. Merdilliuena spp. fw'b] 1[ena

                                                                           $             frcntalis AlleculiFie Tcortclawed beetles)                                        S ca rj_inalis Hy y cru_s sp.                                  {2]       j           5tenispa sp.

Iso tra sericea Ty n es sp. TeReErTcWidW-{~6frklingbeetles) Antr lbTGae (fungus weevils) Mercangha_contracta Ulc-a imberbis yd _Ishnocg us sp. 7g, CurcuT1onidae (weevils) X ylopinus sap ~erdioides ,~.- Apion_ sp. Melandryidae (false darkling beetles) ^~ Canifa sp. byyhora sp.

                                                       "M)

EM Calendra sp. Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) Thodobaenus sp. PtinifiFTspider beetles) $phenophorus sp. 9 Ptinn sp. Anobiliae (anobiid beetles) Crypterama sp. mm- ~ - Scolytidie -(Lark beetles } Crder heuroptera (antlions, lacewings, dobsonflies, etc.) Jhd Corydalidae (dobsonflies) E-3 science services division lnp a i; L kn i -;lJ

C Table E-1 (Contd) Order Neuroptera (Continued) Order Lepidoptera (Continued) Sialidae (alderflies) Ncctuidae (Continued) Chrysopidae (green lacewings) Phoschila miselindes Hemerobiidae (brcwn lacewings) TrichoplusITWITaTba;e loop er) Coniopteryg1dae (dustywirms) bl WcicIne culea Myrmeleontidae (antlions) la e sp. Order Pecoptera (sccrpionflies) totid s tidae (notodcatid noths) Pancrpidae (scorpionflies) Cerura borealis Panorpa so. fiatana idi1Tstra (yellcwnecked iaterpillar) Bittacidie (hangingflies) Heteroca pa cuttivitta (saddlec prominent) Bittacus sp. Lasiocampidae [ tent caterpillar n oths) Order'T U choptera (caddisflies) Malacosoma americana (eastern tant caterpillar) Psychorfiidae

                                                                                            ~

Geonetridae (geonetrid noths) Hydropsychidae ementaria bydroptilidae Abbotana Ea ta vesta c_1llata lectoceridae CN"orochlamvschloroleucaria(blickberrylooper) Athripso y sp. ( Q opis_ c^r hus 3 aria Decetis sp. Eoirecis sp. Triaenodes sp. Lyjrie diversilineata (grapevine looper) Phryaaneidae PniIobia enotata bank 3iola selina sabafodes thisoaria Olicostomis sp. S. transversata Limnecnilidae scepuTa irboundata Athrgscdessp. [e t ra c_i s c roc a l l a t a Order Lepidoptera (butterflies, ruths) unthotype coelaria Papilionidae (swallowtail tatterflies) LiracadIdae (slug caterpillar noth) Pa P.pilia Euclea penulata poly cla z us.

                   =er_ei      (tiger

[Dlack saallowtail) swallowtail) Pyrorcrphidae (smoky r.oths) Pieridae Twhites , sul furs ) Pyralidae (pyralid roths) Colias philodice (CoTon sulfur) Desmia funeralis (grape leaf folder) PIeris protodice (southern cabbapwcrr) hercuTia hironialis f.rajie7IFpcetedcatbageworr) Ny7 n ul a s p . Canaidae iriikweed butterflies) Pantocrapha lirata (basswcod leafroller) Danaus plex 1poss (nonarch tutterfly) Paraponn sp. NympnaIIdae (br$Thfcoted butterflies) Tortrici d i (tcrtricid raths) Cynthia cardji (painted lady) irChips parallela Euphydras praeton (Palti ore) Micromoths h nia coenia (buckeye) Order - Diptera (flied Limenitis archippus (vicerSyy Tipalidae (crane flies) Nyrphalis antiopa.Treurningcloak butterfly) etycropteridae (phantom crane flies) Phyciodes tharos (pearl crescent) Bittacomorpha clavipes Pol g nia interrocationis (westion ark) Ptschnptera sp. f everia cvTe W T5reat s? angled fritillary) rssnocidae (moth flies)

     ?p"dlani OTali)

Chaoboridae (phantom todges) Vanessa atalanta (red ariral) chircnoridae (ridges) SatyrIdie [ satyr butterflies)

      --                     ~

Eibionidae (March flies) Euptychia cyrela (little wcod satyr) Eibio sp. E. ritct ellii (Hitchell's satyr) Dixidae (dixid rid;es) EDV [ethe eurydice (eyed brown) Si mliidae (black flies) rwy L, part @ W (pearly eje) Lycaenidae seTues, ccapers, hairstreaks)

                                                                         'icidee (roscuitoes)

Myce. "ilidae (funcss gnats) kg@ Everes comyntas (eastern tailed blue) Scatops1% ' black scavencer flies) gN.N fycaeropsis argiolus (spring azure) Sciaridae (darkw nced fungus gnats) 4 bi.A Satyrig caryaevorous (hickcry hairstreak) Cecidioryiid3e (911 ridges) C"yg Hesper11d3e l k1pDers)_ CeratcCogonidae (bitin 1 ridges) o Eparcyreus clarus (silverspctted skip;er) Saturni1d3e (giant silkworm -ctts) yy le;hagidae (xylophagid flies) Stratir yiidae (soldier flies)

                                                                                                                        %g{j f

Antherae3 polvcherus (poly;ter;s rctn) (j @ rvia sp. C '. -] gtogris_lo}10 roth) ' Fotelus sp. fx J Sphingidae (sph1rx roths) L e11 ceI'l a sp. ,. - Poanias S eps (smalle;ed spira) fetEcticus sp. M Srrerirthus ia-aicensis (twirspot sphiny) Ctenuchid3e (Ctenuchid roths) Scej sp fulvicollis (yellowcollared scape roth) Tataridae Chrp ops circticcrnis C. cuclux h[ Y_ Arct11dae ? tiger roths) C. vittatus s ~,, Estionina concrua~ Tatinus spp. . ' d i3Ti^sodota tesse1aris (cale tusscck roth) T. trimculatus - - J Faploa cnnfusa Therevidae TstTTTeto flies) 1 Hy_ceprecia riniata Phacionidae (snipe flies) ' H. fucosa

            -                                                       Scenopinidae (window flies)                          - .

Tsia Isab lla (banded woollybeir) "etatrichia sp. M --$; No duIdaT 5 Iet roths, underwings) MydIdae (rydas flies) 7.~ 2F tela sm , [ das clavatus g _a_pe can3densis CataccTa sp. Asi idae Trotter flies) Efferia albibaris g"

   @~zeuxissp.                                                      EoFt ylII3ae (t,eelies)

E-4 science services division iU

O Table E-1 (Contd) Order of Diptera (flies) (Cont' ued) Orcer of Diptera (flies) (Continued) Empididae (dance flies) Chloropidae (Continued) Cheli_poda sp. Diplctoaa sp. TR hypeza sp. Hippe'Iates sp. DoTichopodidae (longlegged flies) Meroryza sp. A rgra s p . Parectocephala sp. Asyndetus sp. Agromyzidie (Tiafminer flies) Chr Lsotus spp. Clusiidae (clusiid flies) Condylostylus sp. Clusiodes sp. [6Tichop~us sp.

             ~

Heteromil;ia sp. G p oternis sp. HeTeoFyzidae (heleomyzid flies) Pesorhaga sp. Anthomyzidae f anthomyzid flies) Ta astoneurus sp. Cuterebridae (rodent oots) Sciapus sp. Anthomyiidae (anthomylid flies) Thinophilus so. Calliphoridae (blow flies) Lonchopteridae (spearwinged flies) Lucillia sp. Loncholtera so. Phaenicia sp. Fhoridae (humpbacked flies) Muscidae (muscid flies) Pipunculidae (bigheaded flies) Musca dones,ica (house fly) Alloneura sp. Tachinidae (tachinid flies) P punculus sp. Order Hynenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees) Syrpnidae (flower flies) Pamphiliidae (webspinning sawflies) Conopidae (thickheaded flies) Pergidae (pergid sanflies) Micrucczidae (stiltlegged flies) Acordulecera sp. Otitidae (otitid flies) Argidae (argTd sawflies) Chietopsis sp. Tenthredinidae (sawflies) Eu etcpieTla sp. 3raconidae (braconids) Platystonattae (platystoutid flies) Ichneumon'dae (ichneunons) Rivellia sp. Eulophidae (eu'ophids) Teinritidae (fruit flies) Eupelmidae (eupelnids) Sepsidae (black scavenger flies) Perilampidae (perilampids) Sepsis sp. T"rymidae (torynids) Sciomyzidae Pteromalidae (pteromalids) Hoolodictya tp. Eurytomidae (eurytomids) Tetanocera sp. Chalcididae (chalcidids) Lauvaniidae (lauxantid flies) Cynipidae (gall wasps)

     .Carptcprosopella sp.                                   Evaniidae (ensign wasps) bororeura sp.                                           P'ototrupidae (prototrupids)

Pirettia sp. Ceraphronidae (ceraphronids) Saproryza sp. Diapriidae (diapriids) CFamae yiidae (chamaemyiid flies) Scellenidae (scelionids) Picphilidae (skip;er flies) Tiphiidae (tiphiids) Lcnchaeidae (Icnchaeid fiies) Formicidae (ants) Sphaeroceridae (dung flies) Pompilidae (spider wasps) Leptocera sp. Sphecidae (mid dauters) Scatophora sp. Andrenidae (andrenid bees) Epnydridae Tshore flies) Halictidle (sweat tees) Dichaeta sp. Apidae (bees) Fahydra sp. A is rollifera (honey bee) fcat W a sp. I V ocopa virginica (large carpenter bee) Eatechila sp. Crde Decapoda (crayfish) Crosop E idie (virecar flies) Order Anphipoda (scuds) Chynon? 2 sp. Order Chelonethida (pseudoscorpions) Crosech;1a sp. Order Phalangida (harvestren) ChIcro;idae (chlorcoid flies) Order Acari (mites) Cetera sp. Derracentor variabilis ( American dog tick) Chlorops_ sp. Crde D rar.eida (spiders) trassiseta sp. Order Isopoda (isopods) Class Chilopoda (centipedes) Class Diplopoda (millipedes) r W $f k

                          - g e r ,'        MW w+

t. 6' ** " 1vjuuuhj@ E-5 science services division t,n m yCU \ t {d l l-

9 O ul8

O APPENDIX F ANNOTATED LIST OF MACROPHYTE TAXA COLLECTED IN NEARSHORE PONDS IN THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, JUNE 1978 science services division f] i/

o APPENDIX F ANNOTATED LIST OF MACROPHYTE TAXA COLLECTED IN NEARSHORE PONDS IN THE BAILLY STUDY AREA, JUNE 1978 Bullhead or yellow water lily, Nuphar microphyllum Yellow, tulip-like flowers and broadly oval, bilobed leaf blades char-acterize this lant. Many birds and animals eat the flowers, seeds, leaves, and rhizomes, the latter being the chief food of muskrats (Prescott 1969). Deer are known to browse on the leaves. The stems (actually petioles) may grow ta 12-foot length. The bullhead commonly inhabits eastern United States bays and ponds. Pickerel weed, Pontederia cordata The deep-green leaves of this plant are heart or lance-shaped. The purple or bluish flowers grow on a spike rising above the water surface and are very showy. Like the yellow water lily, this plant is also a food for muskrats, and the seeds are consumed by many birds. It appears along soft, mucky shores in the eastern United States. Coontail or hornwort, Ceratophyllum spp. (protably demersum) Readily identifiable by the whorls of leaves spaced at intervals along the stem, the cocntail does not have true roots, but the stems are some-times embedded in the substrate, particularly in muddy bottoms. The flowers are small, solitary red cylinders in the axils of the leaves. The plant is only moderately efficient as an aerator, but is eaten by muskrats and birds. C. demersum is found throughout the continental United States. It is characteristic of shallow ponds and slow streams. Cattail, Typha latifolia This particular species is common in the United States (found in all states except those in the lower Mississippi Valley - Muenscher 1944). It grows in dense stands in shallow waters and along the edges of ponds and provides excellent cover for birds and other animals. The rhizomes are food for muskrats and beavers. Water lily, Nymphaea sp. This species was probably Nymphaea odorata or N. tuberosa. Necessary identifying structures were unavailable at time of collection. Both species have large, showy, white or violet lotus-like blossoms and cir-cular but deeply lobed leaves. Nymphaea often occurs along with Nuphar, as it does in the NIPSCo Bailly N-1 vicinity, but may be more common by itself in soft or acid-water habitats. Duckweed, Lemna minor Duckweed is perhaps the most common aquatic macrophyte species in the United States. A " floater" on the surface of the water or entangled in other macrophytes, it is about 1/4 inch in diameter and often forms ex-tensive surface mats in quiet waters or slowly flowing streams. It is F-1 science services division l D"u'O ! ' _

O a useful indicator organism of hard-water habitats (Prescott 1969). Use of this plant for nutrient renoval in water treatment ponds has been pro-posed (Harvey and Fox 1973). fh Water shield, Braseni_a schreberi This species is a rooted plant with leaves that float on the surface sim-ilar to water lilies. B. schreberi is found chiefly in the eastern half of the United States (Muenscher 1944) and is most abundant in ponds and lakes with water of pH less than 7.0 and a bottom of sand or partially decomposed plant remains. It, like Utricularia, provides a point of attachment for periphytic algae. Sedge, Carex spp. These taxa, comprising about 1000 species, are grasslike perennials occur-ring in marshes and along wet shorelines. The taxa are useful as a shore-line builder, as home for birds, and as a food for muskrats and birds. Pondweed, Potamogeton spp. This rooted genus is comprised of 90 to 100 species worldwide, of which ap-proximately 40 are indigenous to North America. Pondweeds are found pri-marily in shallow ponds, lakes, and quiet waters of rivers and streams. The achenes (hard, dry fruits) are a favorite and important wildfowl food. Other plant parts also are eaten by waterfowl, mcrshbirds, muskrats, and deer. The taxa also provide food, shelter, and shade fcr fish, zooplankton, and benthic fauna. Arrow Arum, Peltandra virginica O This stout perennial has a short, erect rootstock and arrow-shaped leaves with three major veins. P; virginica is found mostly in the eastern states in shallow waters and alc,g stream banks. The seeds of this plant are eaten by species such as wood ducks, marshbirds, and shorebirds and to some extent, by muskrats (Correll and Correll 1972). Smartweed, Polygon _um sp. This taxon is a member of the same family as Rumex (Dock). Like Rumex, the taxon is cosmopolitan, with approximately 320 species identified worldwide. More than 20 species are common in the United States, five of which are amphibious. The taxon is consumed (primarily the seeds) by many songbirds, waterfowl, marshbirds, and small mammals. The stems often are eaten by browsers such as deer. Regions where Polygonum densities are high are often popular congregating areas for waterfowl (Correll and Correll 1972). Bur reed, Sparganium (chlorocarpum) This perennial species, tentatively identified as chlorocarpum, is common in temporary ponds and on boggy shores. The most distinguishing charac-teristic of the genus is the fruiting head, which grows to 1-1/2 inches in diameter and resembles a large, fleshy cocklebur. Waterfowl and marsh birds eat the achenes of the plant, and muskrats and deer eat the whole plant. The primary value of the bar reed is as a cover plant to attract kh marsh birds and waterfowl (Correll and Correll 1972). F-2 science services division Oh b)f

O Cutgrass, Leersia virginica A perennial grass found near the edges of ponds and bogs, this species is distributed over much of the United States but occurs infrequently in the far West. The species provides food for songbirds and small mammals. Black willow, Salix nigra This woody plant, like buttonbush and others found near the ponds, is not a true aquatic plant, although x; 1111 also grow in areas inundated for a portion of the year, a characteristic it shares with other willows. Like the buttonbush (Cephalanthus oscidentalis), it serves a uscful role in sub-strate stabilization and as a home for avifauna. Rush, Juncus spp. This genus is represented in the United States by in excess of 30 species. The species are usually perennial, tufted grass-like plants wi; persistent flowers. The fruit forms a small capsule with numerous smali .ceds. The genus is common in open, moist areas. Chara, Chara Chara, although relatively large in size, is in truth r macro-algal form, with a primary axis, branches and leaves differentiated into nodes and internodes. Branches arise in the axils of leaves and there is usually but a single branch at each node, along with a ahorl of 6 to 16 leaves. This genus of the division Chlorophyta (green algae) is relatively common throughcut the United States. Water plantain, Alisma plantago-aquatica This species is considered a marsh or aquatic perennial herb. Common from April through November in marshes, pond and stream borders, it is identified by the carpels attached to the receptacle in a ring; perfect flowers; paniculate inflorescence; and leaves never vagittate. F-3 aclence services division Iqn (;'11 I;; Ufb

O CITED LITERATURE O Correll, D.S. an? ".B. Correll, 1972. Aquatic and wetland plants of south-western United States. EPA Pub. 16030 DNL 01/72. XV + 1777 pp. Harvey, R.M. and J.L. Fox, 1973. Nutrient Removal using Lemna minor, J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 45(9):1928-1938. Muenscher, W.C., 1944. Aquatic plants of the United States. Comstock Pub. Assoc. Ithaca, N.Y. x + 374 pp. Prescott, G.W. 1969. How to know the aquatic plants. Wm. C. Brown Co. (Publishers). N.Y. O F-4 science services division p'Q d L}y

o APPENDIX G WATER QUALITY solence services division bbb b ." ' '

t Rep. 35 3B 45 55 58 65 6M 6B hrameter Unit 15 25 28 3M 122 120 122 122 122 110 111 110 ill 112 I Alkalinity, total mg/t a- 122 172 122 122 122 122 123 110 109 113 111 113 I b 122 122 36.5 37.2 36.9 36.2 36.5 35.8 36.9 37.5 37.1 38.5 35 F Calcium, soluble mg/t a 37.2 b 37.0 36.4 36.6 35.8 36.4 35.3 36.0 37.5 37.7 3d.4 36.3 35.8 10 5 10.4 9.7 13.1 9.8 9.6 11.1 10.7 10.1 10.0 9.9 9.6 Chloride, total mg/t a 9.6 b 10.5 10.3 9.3 10.1 9.8 9.6 10.9 10.8 10.1 10.0 9.7 Chlarine, tctal mg/t a 0.01 _ __--_ __ ____ - - ~ _. _ - - - _ - - - _ . _ _ _ . . ._. b 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - pnos 260 242 265 270 260 249 260 270 247 25d Condactance a 2> 0 255 255 260 242 265 270 260 24) 200 270 247 258 b 270 11.6 11.6 11.6 11. 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.9 11.0 11.7 11.7 11.6 0xygen, dissolved mg/c a 11.7 11.7 11.6 b 11.6 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.9 11.0 97 95 94 94 33 83 95 95 95 0xygen, I sat 2 ration

• sat.

a 95 35 93 95 95 b 96 15 93 97 95 94 94 98 69 95 Odor, threshold Fos /Neg a Neg _ __ .- _ _ . _ _ . _ __ b Seg ---- - - mg/t 10.4 10.1 10.5 9.99 9.91 9.82 9.74 9.87 9.6t 9.60 9.70 16.9 N gnesium, soluble a 9.45 b 10.2 10.1 10.2 9.P2 10.3 9.70 9.95 10.1 9.40 9.91 9.28 132.7 136.3 141.2 134.6 140.2 20 161.7 137.4 132.6 145.9 145.1 153.9 Hardness n't a b 132.9 137.4 134.9 1 38.2 114.1 13;.0 150.3 142.4 ' * ' '

                                                                                                                                                                                         'd.1             145.7                     138.8 pH                           pd units            a       8.35        E.2        S.2         S.35        8.2        3.2         8.42          8.45                       8.4           8.2              8.3                      8.4 b       8.J5        8.2        8.2         8.35        d.2        8.2         8.42          . 45                       8.4           8.2              S.3                      8.4 Potassium, soluble           ng/t                 a      1.16        1.13         1.12      1.15        1.11       1.17         1.36          1.24                      1.15          1.18              1.11                     1.08 h      1.i3        1.l?         1.27      1.Di        1.11       1.17         1.23          1.21                      1.20          1.11              1.03                      1.03 Sodiam, solable               mg t                a      5.27        5.20         4.95      5.12        5.07       4.E4        5.59           5.45                      4.E2          4.97                    .65                4.73 b      5.33        5.35         4.75      5.12        5.D5       4 68         5.46          5.27                      4.95          5.03              4.00                     4.7/

Dissolved solfds, total mg/l a 172 1 71 155 145 163 141 143 183 173 177 147 125 b 176 125 176 163 149 IJ3 16? 169 174 131 152 172 Suspended solids, total m/ t a 7.8 0.6 4.8 4.0 4.0 4.4 3.6 8.P 2.4 1.0 1.8 3.4 b 2.4 1.6 40.4 5.0 2.2 6.4 4.0 3.2 6.0 3.8 6.4 1.6 27.7 27.4 27.2 27.2 27.4 27.2 29.3 23.3 29.2 24.7 27.2 29.8 Sulfates ng/t a 27.4 30.3 b 27.7 27.7 26.7 27.2 27.7 26.7 29.3 29.3 28.5 23.0 7.5 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.5 0.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.3 Tercerature *C a 6.5 6.3 6.3 b 7.5 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 Turbidity Niu a 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0. 5 0.4 b 1.2 0.9 7.5 1.0 C.8 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.6 0.8 0.9 0.4 1 1 Color, true Ft-Co units a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 b 1 1 1 Fluoride, sol.ble mg/i a 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.11 C.12 0.09 0.C5 0.C3 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.09 b 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.C9 0.05 0.C5 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.03

                         ,h h                      , ^ "~                        r    p
                     @W  w 'c                                   ']h'!p e[p: cp a f,y           @

S pi h gU p(.

                           - - - -                              3 W,e,."*4 b{
                                                                        "i e, 6                   d
   \,

W '

                                '       d
               . V

                                                       'o
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   /

Table C-1 General Water Qaality Parameters, NIPSCo Bailly Station Vicinity, April 1978 5talian 75 h5 rd 95 M 98 105 115 125 225 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 2]S 215 4 123 12' lla 112 H 125 12) 127 126 55 10 6 44 24 21 40 22 147 2 120 116 113 112 t2 12' 126 126 57 10 4 44 '4 21 21 2' 14) 7.2 k.5 36 4 37.3 .,n 3d.6 37.9 4.8 39.5 Jo . - 51. ' 64.5 t 3.2 51.2 IJU.0 93.4 29.? 31 3R.0 4.5 36.1 St.6 36. 5 - 4 3;.4 ,2  !). 3 33.4 37.7 51.2 6a.4 t3.? 95 9:4. 7 v.7 3e.1 4.3 37.4 0 10.4 9. 10.3 IJ.' ,.S 10.5 12 , 10.4 11.2 12.2 12.0 12.3 12.9 10.0 10.4 4.1 3.6 t.8 1.3 10.4 9.9 10.L 13.1 e 10.7 1J., 10 4 11.2 12.3 12.0 12.3 11.1 10.0 1;.4 4.1 3. 4 6.H

                                 - - . _ _ -                                -                                                                                                                                       y         ,q

- . - - - - - _ _ ~ _ _ . - - - - _ - _ y .a al ') N 276 241 ' 261 260 270 e' '75  !.N '3 6L (10 MJ 1" 215 24] J 26. 275 4J ' 201 +, < m

• 275 >J 510 6JO +1] 563 135 215 i40 1.2 11.2 11.0 11.7 11.- 11.3 11.4 11.6 11.* 11.4 10.3 10.3 11.0 ' .) 17.2 11.' 12 4 13.0 3.t 1.2 11.2 11.0 11./ ll.t 'l.1 11.4 11.6 11.6 11.4 13. 10.9 11.1 13.9 u 2 11.- 12.4 13.0 86 2 31 N is H n 10e 95 is IH 1:4 1C 104 10 117 112 lli 126 B3 2 91 W 35 4

                                                                   ~3           t)        IM                     95      101       1;4         10      131        10;      117         112        119        126            83

_ _ . _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ y Neg N, > Pos

- _ _ _ _ . . _ . _ _ . _ _                                                    _ _ .                                                                          ,. seg      pgs -                                 >         pas 0.1                          9, t t.           4.?7      I J. <      ..(         10.3      1 J.7        13.5     13.5      10.1         2.3     17.0     15.5      .2.2     15.:        15.3           .5       ,    m      13.0 9.99                         3. ,             13.7       10.4      11.6          10.6      i    '.5     10.6     11.0      13.1       12.5      16.3     15.3       12.7    15.0        16.0         8.5       '0           13.2 7,7                   153.                  132 )     140 4      141         1%9         IF 2        151.4      5     14 7      176.6       24;.0   2        173.0    311.1       331.1      117.9     !: .9         1 61 .0

.4. 5 17' 15r ' 1(5 ' 17. 4 .5a ., IF 14 .1 * ^ 16." 2 ' ] '

                                                                                                                                               .51.6   c   4     !c'.4     3;t.1       11 3.      111.3      is .2        15 .

M4 ' ' s.2 '

                                                           ,         '.3                     -
                                                                                                            .4       :.4        45                5.9      '.1          .4    7.r         7,75       , 45         ,3         7,4 8.2                           !.4             ,"          5.?          .3              t           3     8.4        :.4    4 45      '.s' 7 35      5.4      7.1        '.4     7.;         7.25       7.75      P.3           7.*

1.42 1. 1.11 1.17 1.. 1. 1 1. 3 1,17 1.21 1., 3.? 7,27 8.67 3,0j 12.7 13.3 1.47 1,63 1,47 1.M 1. a 1.13 1.17 1.12 1. - 4 .lc 1.14 1. . 43 3.c' '.27 6.t? 3.03 12.7 13 3 1.47 1.00 1..'

 ~ n                         5 .11             4..         4         5.01            4.t5    5.6L            54    5.37     6. a1     <     2   24.6     27.2      'l.2     17.1        1: 1

• 49 3.97 5.83 5.ls 5. i ; 4 23 4.; ' 54 5 /4 5.54 5.91 J 1. .> cE.5 27.' Al 17.4 i .1 4.4) 3 s; 5.77 0 172 15'  !!1 155 10 17 IE. S 113 '21 ,-1 l . 572 SE 142 154 1:

,4 It' 157 li ' 166 156 IW 166 14) 154 3a 451 '?] 311 542 '54 177 143 22] 3.4 4.4 5.4 3 . O.; lHl.F 52 3.4 1.' 11.6 1.6 e m 1 1.1 2.4 45 " 1.4 J.2 2.0 4.2 4.8 i.6

• 5 165.0 3.2 3.: 1. 4.3 1R.2 '. 6 3.0 0.6 2J 21.1 1.0 1.0 2.6 11.8 11.8 31.1 32.1 32.1 26.7 *9 . a s ..] 04.4 24., 725.1 .1 ()i.8 'c3.4 1115.2 1:15.2 1147.1 ll Fs. H 12.9 31." 31.6 12.4 23 v 25.1 t. 9 3'.8 32 ^ 35.5 23.1 751.5 57.0 6 'i l M.8 1147.1 1215.2 119 ) . ! 1252.5 7.0 6.L t.5 t. 5 6.0 5.5 '2' i.] 7.0 10 ' 13.0 12.5 13.0 14.0 13.9 5.5 13.9 14.4 14.5 7.0 5.5 *5 6.5 6.0 5.5 12.0 7.0 7.0 10 0 14 2 12.- 13 " 14 u 13.9 13.5 13.9 14.4 14.5 0.4 0.8 2< 0./ 0.5 35.0 1.4 0.7 0.4 '.6 1.2 2.e 0.4 0.3 1.5 6.- J.2 0.2 0.h 0.5 1.6 0.7 3.7 2.1 51.0 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.7 0.3 5. < 3.1 0.4 2.1 43 14 v O6 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 20 25 'J 30 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 30 )5 3J 120 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.13 3. l t 0.13 '.14 0.14 0.11 0.25 0 23 0/ 0.01 u.11 0. M 0.37 0.22 0 23 0.43 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.15 s.15 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.23 ^ 2)

                                                                                                                                          .       0.34    0.i l      J.i2     0.34        0.3e       0.21      u 24          0.44 G-1/2                                       science services division L !;               U (i V                      ,

Jvv

A.

      \
        \

Farameter Unit E IS X " 35 31 3B 45  % SR 65 6M 63 Arr enia, soluble rr;/ t a 0.0 34 0.. 0.022 0.0J2 0.C26 0.023 0.C36 0.036 0.027 0.031 0.026 0.024 b 0.016 0. 337 0.010 0.0 36 0.029 0.014 0.038 0.029 0.036 0.018 0.02) 4.C18 Nitra te, soluble og/l a 0.26 0 26 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.24 0. 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.24 b 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.25 v.24

          'o tri te, sch.ble               ng/i     a 0.002 0.Or2 0.C02 0.003 0.002 0.02                 .003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 b 0.003 0.002 0.002    0. C:0 3 0.003 0.CC/         0.003 0.C03 0.003 0.003 0.002 Cr pnic ni trogen, tota l og/t            a 0.22   0.20    0.14  0.16    0.44   0.34  0. 32   0.38   0.33  0.40  0.34 0.40 D 0.Ct   0.34    0.12  0.22    0.22   0.20  0.34    0. ' t 0.42  0.30  0.46 0.32 Orthephosphate, soluble rr;/ t            i 0.004  0. C B 0 003 0.002 0.002 0.002     0. 0 04 0.004 0.003  C. D 0.002 0.002 b 0.003 0.C06 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.C04 0.004 0.022 C . C'A 0.002       (  r s2 Pnosphorus, total                rg/ i. a 0.014 0.u14 0.012 0.016 0.018 0.C18 J.00d 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.C22         0.C20 b 0.012 0.016 0.016 0. 0 34 0.016 0.020 0.C10 0.016 0.01% 0.014 0.020       0.026 Silica, soluble                  mg/i     a 0.21   0.23    0.27  0.20    0.22   0.2s  0.17    0.12   0.2%  0.32  0.25 0.24 b 0.13   0.20    0.25  0.24    0.29   0 21  0.13    0.13   0.19  0.31  0.27 0.21
                                ~-s c,$e%n%  t v.N cp).

l ~ .. L, ,, ,# Di% m bD D cm

 ~
      \
                             )

                                                                                                                                       /
                                                                                                                                     /

Table G-2 Aquatic Kutrient Concentre.tions, NIPSCo Bailly Station Vicinity, April 197G 75 ES 9B "s 4M 9B 10S 115 125 225 1 35 145 155 165 1 75 IES 195 2CS 215

0. L4 3 0. 0 H 0. 04 J 0.035 0. 0 F 0.022 0.G32 0.032 0.021 0.026 0.034 0.173 0.223 0.023 0.067 0.083 0.ClE 0.003 0.008

0. C4 5 0.C44 0.038 0.CH 0.03) 0.Cl3 0.03o 0.C29 G.030 0. C17 0.C23 C.178 0.2 36 0.033 0.071 0.031 0.011 0.017 0.010 0.23 C.27 0.25 0.25 0.25 C.23 0.27 C.27 0.26 0.30 C.43 0.46 0.43 0.50 C.4A 0.11 0.03 <3.04 0.04 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.23 0.26 0.2" C 44 0.46 0.49 0.49 0.07 0.09 2.04 -0.04 0.C4 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.00 3 0. GC ' O.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0. Gad 0.010 0.CCc 0.CC8 0 C02 0.002 0.'02 <0.UG2 C.002 0.003 0.011 0.003 0.003 ' OC2 0. 0% 0.002 C.002 0.002 0.uC3 0.010 0.012 0.00M 0.C03 0.r02 0.0C3 <0.002 <0.002 0.CC?

C.40 0.45 0.70 0.74 0.74 0.62 P 4L 0 33 0.66 0.50 0.46 0.58 0.5a 0.41 0.72 1.ZJ C.72 0.'? 1,32

0. x 0.46 0.68 0.68 C.Ed 0.5S 0.68 0. x 0.33 0.52 0.46 0.72 0.63 0.42 0.94 0.94 0.56 0.54 1.40

0. " ' O.CC3 0.003 0.003 m 003 0.003 0. N ? 0.007 C.C07 0.032 0.CC, 0.003 C.00 0.004 0.004 0.002 -0.C?2 <0.002 0.002

<0.; 2 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.0c2 0.004 r.LJ/ 9.003 0.003 0.007 0.00d C.010 0.007 0.003 0.C03 <0.CO2 0.002 <0.CO2 0.C02 0.:14 0.C16 0 14 0.'72 C.C27 0.019 0.034 0.C20 0.C20 0.033 0.018 0.C66 C.01E 0.010 0.024 0.052 J.018 0.020 0.034 0.013 0.040 r.C19 0.040 0.018 0.020 D.C21 0.024 0.025 0.035 0.042 0.076 0.C42 0.012 0.026 0.0'O 0.020 0.C20 0.033 0.0 0.15 0.22 0.21 C.21 C.34 0.16 0.13 C.15 0.16 1.87 1.21 1.00 1.42 0.65 C.96 0.C5 <0.05 2.88 0.G7 0.15 0.^3 0.22 0.21 0. 34 0.23 0.17 0.11 0.17 1,29 1.13 0.4 0.93 0.65 1.23 0.05 <0.05 1.57 G-3/4 science services division '

                                                                                                                                     /

E [ !) fi

                                                                                                    .) U b       O ) V{

Ul

O Table G-3 Trace Element Concentrations, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1978 Parameter lnit Rep. 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205 2'3 Bacteria, 140./100 m: a <1w--- - - - - -

                                                                                                                                        -------->I_

fecal coliform b <lw- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -

                                                                                                                                                                            *    <I Ba c ter i a ,      i.o./100 m: a          <1     <1          <1                               200                       2575             2075 1175                 1400     1525 total caliform                    b        50      <1         <1                               75                        3600             2900            825       1475     157' Biochemical         mg/t         a         1   *- - -                              - - ---                                     -

• I _

exygen demand b 1 * - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - --

• I '

Chemical mg/t a 2.6 1.4 2.7 2.4 9.1 8.9 15.8 16.0 33. oxygen demand b 2.9 1.2 2.0 3.0 9.1 9.0 '6.0 16.0 43.0 Hexane mg/r a 0.1 < 0.1 1.2 0.8 <0.1 1.2 .3 3.2 7.2 soluble materials b 3,6 73.6 2.8 5.2 2.0 1.2 .4 3.6 24.8 Total mg/t a 5.1 2.3 3.8 5.2 9.5 7.7 8.5 9.4 20.8 organic carbon t 5.5 2.0 5.5 5.2 9.6 7.9 9.2 9.0 20.5 Pherols mg/t a <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.00e <0.005 <0.006 0.005 <0.005 0.007 b <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.007 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.007 Methylene blue tg/2 a <0.02 = & <0.02 active substat.ces b <0.02 -  ;-- <0.02 Table G-4 Indicators of Industrial and Organic Contamination, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1978 Station Pa rare te r Unit Rep. 135 14S 155 165 17S 18S 195 205 215 Cadmium, total rg/t a 0.007 0.033 0.029 0.01 3 0.004 0.008 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 b 0.011 0.031 0.0 32 0.013 0.005 0.008 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Chromium, hexavalent rg/i a <0.001 * - - - - - - - -

                                                                                                                                                               -- - - - - >      <0.001 b      <0.001 * - -               -                          - - - - -
                                                                                                                                                                 - - - - >       <0.001 Ch romi um, total       mg/i    a      <0.001 *-- --                              --- -                              - ---                      -- - ~
                                                                                                                                                                          ->     <0.001 b      <0.001 * - - -                                                           ~---------
                                                                                                                                                                          ->     <0.001 Copper, total           mg/. a       C.002     0.084      0.C88                         0.00 3                0.002                    0. 00 4 <0.001             <0.001      0.005 5       0.002     0.078      0.088                         0.002                 0.007                   <0.001          <0.001       0.001      0.001 Iron, soluble           rg/     a       0.112     0.033      0.051                        0.123                  0.192                    0.265           0.074       0.060      0.185 b       0.088     0.024      0.018                        0.140                  0.1 72                   0.239           0.082       0.071      0.242 Lead, total             rg/. a       0.001     0.003      0.007                         0.007                 0.001                    0.003 <0.001               <0.001     <0.001 b       0.001     0.00 3     0.007                        0. 0)1                 0.003                    0.003 <0.001               <0.001     <0.001 Mangarese, total        rg/t    a       0.002     0.103      0.104                        0.012                  0.012                    0.043 <0.001               <0.001     <0.001 b       0.029     0.102      0.104                        0.016                 0.009                     0.027          <0.001      <0.001     <0.001 Mercury, total          rg/c    a      < 0. 0C0 3 * - -- ' - - ~ ' - -
                                                                                                                                                             ~
                                                                                                                                                                            > <0.0003 b      <0.0003 * - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - -                                                                           ----- - * <0.0J03 Nickel, total           mg/z    a       0.017     0.117      0.156                        0.025                  0.023                    0.030           0.001       0.001      0.00s b       0.020     0.113      0.164                        0.027                 0.026                     0.028           0.001       0.001      0.001 Zinc, total             ag/t    a       0.050     0.775      0.763                        0.094                 0.063                     0.088           0.005       0.003      0.004 b       0.069     0.825      0.750                       0.091                  0.069                     0.083           0.004       0.004      0.007
 *Na Lake Michigan (stations 1-12) samples required by contract.

Uylgo r 7N g' "'y ~i F *'*" uuw Aw - -

O Table G-5 g Levels of Trace Elements Recorded in Sediment Samples from Nearshore Ponds, NIPSCo Bailly Study Area, April 1978 S ta tion Parameter (ma/kg)* Rep. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Cadmium a 0.006 0.041 0.040 0.003 0.027 0.003 0.002 0.008 b 0.011 0.039 0.040 0.011 0.022 0.003 0.002 0.003 Chromium a <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 b <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.02 <0.004 < 0. 066 <0.005 Copper a 0.009 0.077 0.076 -0.003 0.052 0.018 0.015 0.006 b 0.003 0.072 0.067 <0.003 0.125 0.015 0.018 0.005 Iron a 0.018 0.043 0.024 0.203 0.760 0.430 0.550 0.720 b 0.065 0.024 0.049 0.204 1.920 0.470 0.870 0.780 Lead a <0.003 0.006 0.003 <0.006 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.006 b <0.003 0.006 0.006 <0.003 <0.02 <0.004 <0.006 <0.005 Manganese a 0.106 0.198 0.143 0.b60 1.220 0.005 0.024 0 82 b 0.108 0.243 0.119 0.830 1.410 0.037 0.024 0.215 Mercury a <0.0009 <0.0009 <0.0009 <0.0009 <0.004 <0.001 <0.001 <0.002 b <0.0009 <U.0009 <0.0009 <0.001 <0.005 <0.001 <0.002 <0.001 Nickel a 0.006 0.028 0.049 0.003 0.026 <0.005 <0.005 <0.006 b 0.009 0.028 0.049 0.045 0.031 <0.004 <0.006 <0.005 Selenium a <0.0006 <0.0006 <0.0006 <0.0006 <0.003 <0.0009 <0.0009 <0.001 b <0.0006 <0.0006 <0.0006 <0.0006 <0.003 <0.0008 <0.001 <0.001 Vanadium a <0.006 0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.03 <0.009 <0.009 <0.01 b <0.006 <0.006 <0.006

                                                        <0.006      <0.03      <0.008   <0.01      <0.01 Zinc                  a      0.192    1.580     1.710   1.09?        1.930     0.340    0.242      0.289 b      0.117    1.580     1.670   0.121        0.780     0.156    0.151      0.280 Total phosphorus      a      0.007    0.005     0.007   0.007       0.011      0.022    0.020      0.018 b      0.007    0.00 6    0.005   0.009       0.022      0.024    0.022      0.027 Percent solids        a     18.9     18.7     17.8     21.1        80.6      45.5      48.3       56.8 b     18.9     19.1     17.7     21.8        84.0       39.2     58.7       49.9 All results expressed as mg/kg dry weight. Variable minimum detectability limits based c.1 amount sample had to be concentrated prior to analysis G-6                           science services division s

(* E O f' kJ . ) d iv u

s 25 35 3M 3B 45 5, SG 65 6M 6B Pa ranrte r Unit Pop 15 2B Alkalinity, ng/t a 109 10d 108 111 110 111 109 110 108 109 10d 110 to ta l b 103 103 108 109 110 112 109 109 10H 110 109 110 Calcium, ng/t a 3d.5 35.9 34. 6 35.9 35.9 33.3 35.9 35.9 35.9 35.9 35.9 35.9 soluble b 31.2 35.9 37.2 36.5 35.9 34.6 35.9 36.5 36.5 35.9 36.5 33.5 Chloride, eq/t a 10.8 10.8 10.9 11.0 10.5 10.9 10.8 10.8 10.3 10.8 19.5 10.1 to tal b 10.9 10.8 10.8 11.0 10.S 10.3 10.6 10.4 10.6 11.4 10.8 10.0 Chlorine, ng/c a 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 so.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 - 0.01 - tc ta l b 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 -0.01 <0.C1 <0.01 <0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.C1 . G r jac t.!rce ene s a 290 ,. 50 280 300 243 M3 31 0 310 t o Ud 290 295 b 290 250 230 300 290 300 31 0 310 300 300 230 295 O n y'Je n , og/t a 10.P 9.1 9.6 9.7 10.8 10.3 9.2 9. 7 10.8 9.3 10.7 9. 5 dissolved b 10.8 9.1 9.6 9.7 10.R 10.3 9.2 9.7 10.P 9.3 11.7 9.5 0, y y n , tsat a 113 94 95 97 106 99 92 W 105 9? 105 31

     , sa tura tion               D    118     94       95      97      106      99       92      9P     105      92       105       91 Cier,                 Ns/ a        Neg     %g       Nrg     Neg     Neg      Neq      Nej     Neg    Nog      Nel      Neq       fo g threshold            Nog     b    Neg     Neg      Neg     Neg     Nog      Neg      Neg     Nej    Neg      Nog      Neg       Nej Mqne s t am,          rg/z a       12.6     12.6    12.4    12.6    12.4     12.4     12.6    12.6   12.6     17.6     12.6      12.6 saluble                      b    12.6    12.6     12.6    12.6    12.6     12.6     12.6    12.6    12.6    12.6     12.6      12,6 Nrdness               ry/t    a    136.9    1:a.5   136,4   135.8   135.3     135.P   136.3   137.7   1 36.0  137.4    115.4      135.2 b   137.9    1 36.2  136.4   136.1   135.5     134.6   136.2   136.6   135.0   136.5    1 34. 7    135.9 pi                    PH      a    d.1     8.5      E.5     8.6     8.6      8.5      8.3     H.3     '.3     E.4      s.5       3.4 b    3.1    8.5      S.5     0.6     8.6      d.5      8.3     8.3    8.3         4     H.S       E.4 Po ta s s i um,      mg/r    a    1. 33    1 . 33   1.44    1.25   1.25      1 . 31  1.44    1.25    1. 31    1. u    1.?S       1.12 soluble                       b   1.33     1.25     1.25   1 . 33  1. 31     1.25    1.31    1.V     1,63    2.00     1.50       1.12 md i e,              mg/t     a   6.79     6.05    6.11    5.92    5.30      5.92    6.65    6.17    5. A    6.17     5.80       5.E0 saluble                       b   6.05     5.93    6.05    6.05    5.92      5.RG    6.05    6.17    6R      6.42     5.M        5.E0 Dissolved solids, rg/ 4       a   2224** 2623**     969**   670**   1597**   97c**   1038**  1152 " 1103 "    ItJ1**  1537**     1227**

total b 212 203 199 207 210 224 231 204 193 17s 191 190 Suspended soli A mg / s. a .0.1 4.5 2.2 1.0 1.7 1.7 2.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 total b 7.7 2.7 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.1 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.7 0.7 1.1 Salfates, ry/t a 24.4 23.6 23.4 23.3 23.3 23.3 23.3 236 23.3 23.7  ??.1 23.0 so'uble b 24.7 23.5 23.3 23.4 23.3 23.0 23.4 24.0 23.1 23 6 22.7 22.7 Teepe ra t a re *C a 20.5 17.0 15.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 16.0 16.5 14.5 15.5 15.0 14.0 b 20.5 17.0 15.5 16.0 14.9 13.8 16.0 16.5 14.5 15.5 15.0 14.0 Turbidity NTU a 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 b 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 Colcr, Pt- a l 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 true to b 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fluoride, mg/L a 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

      ,oluble                      b    0.15    0.15     0.15    0.15   0.15      0.15    0.15    0.15    0.15     0.15    0.15       0 15 5 = Surface B = Bottom

• Meter reading of f rrmimum scale reading of 15; mter checked for accuracy and found to be correct.

     **Feplicate sa' role lottle contamination suspected; values discarded.

~ ad{s' w ~ 4,l &h %

 \.        F 0 i'       f 1

1 00 Us

                                                                                                                                                     ?

o e e Table G-6 General Water Quality Parameters, NIPSCo Eailly Station Vicinity, June 1978 Station 'S BS EB 95 'M 9B 105 115 125 225 135 '45 155 165 175 185 1 15 205 215 0 109 10d 110 llo 110 103 103 101 110 56 67 74 58 3d 37 45 45 193 D 110 109 102 110 106 109 112 lod 110 58 72 74 57 33 36 4? 40 193 '.5 17.8 13.5 37.8 31.1 37.8 37.8 M.5 3H.5 37.1 52.6 74 . 3 71.8 53.8 109 110 30,7 26.9 51.3 4.5 39.1 3d.5 37.8 37.8 37.1 3d.5 37.1 37.8 37.1 53.8 74.4 69 2 53.8 1C9 112 2).5 23.1 62.8 ). 6 11.0 11.0 12.7 10.6 9. 9 10.5 10.6 10.8 10.6 11.7 10.9 11.3 12.3 11.3 11.3 7.4 7.0 4.2

 .6   11.0    11.0    11.0  10.5      4. 9  10.4  10.6    10.8   10.8     11.7     10.9   11.3    12.3  11.5    11.3  7.4        6.8     4.3

.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 < 0. 01 <0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 .01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.bl 0.01 0.C1 -0.01 M N 1% 29) 211 271 275 M) 31 0 2HS 500 650 540 520 725 700 300 '50 420 10 MO 30d 2's9 24) 279 275 3JO 21 0 2.95 500 650 510 520 725 700 3a0 250 420 ).2 9.4 9.8 9.4 .1 7.0 f.6 10.2 8. 5 8.4 9.3 9.6 9.7 9.4 7.8 7.5 10.9 11.4 -J5.0*

).?   9.4     1.8     9.4      .1    7. 0   8.6   10.2      .5   S.4     9.3       9.6    9.7    9.4    7. 8   7.5    10.9       11.4  >15.0*

12 11 91 94 bl 65 102 lul 90 99 109 106 103 101 E7 ' 121 130 >176* 2 il 44 94 HI 65 10 101 99 99 109 106 10a 107 87 <2 121 IM >l76* .g Ncq Neq Wg Oq Neg Nrq Vg Nog Mg bg Neg Vg Neg Pos Po, fos Pos Pos

'q    Vq      Neg     Neg   Nog      Mg     Neg   Neg     Neg    Vg      heg       Neg    Neg    Neg    Pos    Pcs   Pcs         Pos     Pos

'.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.0 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 1B.2 29.9 26.7 1/.9 20.5 20.5 14.1 12.1 22.6

'.6   12.6    12.6    12.6  12.6     12.0   12.6  12.6    12.6   12.6     1 -3. 2  27.7   26.7   17.9   20.4   20.5  14.2        12.1    25.9
?6. 3 137.6   1 37.5 134.9  1 M. 3   136.9  135.9 1 35.6  136.9  137.2    IS7.1    297.5  274.4  192.0  335.2  326.6 120.9       1 D. 5 221.3 A4     1 %.9   137.3 1 36.4  1 34 . 4 126.2  137.1 135.3   1 37.9 136.2    Ic7.7    2 94.9 273.0  150.4  327.0  3a. 7 123.5       1l , 2 235.5

.7 '2 4.0 '.3 ;4

                               .      '.2   A.)   8.6     7.1    8.1      7.1      7.2      .0      ?   7.4    7*    8.8         9.2     7.8

.7 >2 4. 0 8.3 M.4 .2 '.1 n.6 7.1 8.1 7.3 7.? 8.0 8.2 7.4 7.4 P.s 9.2 7.- .25 1.25 1.25 3.04 1.21 1.14 1.3J 1.27 1.39 1.33 5.06 11.3 10.1 5.31 13.3 13.1 1.39 1.20 0.14 .25 1.', 1.25 1.14 1.'" 1.14 1.27 1.33 1.?7 1.52 4.% 11.4 4.9 5.25 13.6 13.1 1.33 1.20 0.10 .05 e.03 6.17 6.4J 5. 9..' 5.67 5.12 5.92 5.92 5. P 1 ). l?.4 12.2 ?1.5 15.1 15.4 6.79 5.61 6.30 .05 6.17 6.17 6.05 c.92 5.67 5.92 5.92 5.92 5.92 l 's. 3 12 ' 12.2 21.5 15.4 15.1 6.79 5.66 7.65

'74 " 1577**  1647** 12 4 " N '*     1210** 414** 419**   156    145      ?t4      4%     47     367    61/    94    l E3        176     259 135     la2     153   1 34     172    181   167     141    146      353      475    429    371    50     (0?   211         155     339

.8 2.5 1.7 1.3 2.3 23.0 14.0 9.3 11.0 6.6 19.4 4.d 2.4 4.1 12.1 22.' 30.4 34.7 95.2 .2 0.9 1.6 2.3 0.9 4.8 8.5 6.4 5.0 6.1 919 2.5 4.7 13.1 9.8 43.2 1.9 5.4 13.4 3.9 23./ 24.0 22.7 23.0 22.3 25.0 23.3 23.7 34.7 169 227 214 1,4 312 316 79.0 63 ? 9.S 3.4 24.! 24.0 23.0 ?2.7 24.0 24.8 22.7 32.5 23.8 153 2 32 220 173 315 31 8 79.4 63.0 8.1 5.9 15.5 13.8 15.9 15.9 12.0 24.5 15.5 18.5 '4.0 24.0 21. 21.0 22.0 21.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 24.0 5.9 15.5 13,8 15.9 15.9 12.0 24.5 15.5 18.5 24.0 24.0 21.0 21.0 22.0 21.0 20.1 21.0 22.0 24.0 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 4 5 2 2 2 3 6 4 3 8 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 3 8 6 3 10 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 30 15 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . I 1 15 10 40 20 180 .15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.29 0. 31 0.20 0.19 0.42 .15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.31 0.20 0.!9 0.42 G-7/8 science services division - Qf,n I

                                                                                                                'dU         (' J. w d                     '

s A w Parareter Unit Rep 15 25 23 35 3'i 38 45 55 5 ^. t5 N G 75 A; s,0. .a . ;r g h a 0.034 0.024 0.;26 0.031 0.026 0.018 0.032 0.034 U. l 2d 0.020 0.03J 0.023 0 . 0 34 ulale b 0.037 0.03] 0.23? 0.034 0.014 0.032 0. 0 34 0.032 0.L2d G.032 U.n23 0.0i0 0.031 Nitrate, mg/l a 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 soldie b 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 J.12 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.l? Nitrite, m;ft a 0.003 <0.002 0.002 0.002 <0.002 0.002 0.003 '.003 0.003 ' t . 00 3 0.004 - 0. C1' O.00' sal ule b <0.002 6. ' C2 <0.002 0.GC2 <0.0C2 0.003 0. E 2 3 0.003 0.0]3 0.003 0.003 0. tk ' C.C03 Or;;an :c n itrogen, rw;/ t a 0.53 0. 4 J 0. 4 ) 0.49 0.52 0.44 0.42 0.3 3.55 0.44 0.40 0.30 0.46 t.tal b 0.41 0.42 0.52 0.41 0.33 0.37 0. 7 s 0.40 0.41 L . 3 '! 0.33 0.19 Ort % hosotate, eq/! a 0.0 5 's 003 0.116* 0.0C4 0.no: 0.142* 0.U"4* 0.CC3 < 0. Gi:2 0.:03 0.003 0.002 0.00 salutie b 0. :.M 0.003 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.004 0. 0M '

                                                                                                                 ,2  0.07t*  0. 0 4 '

• 0. X? 0.002 0. G.h F ho ; ho ru s , ri;/ s a 0. f r 0.012 U.135* 0. Cl 3 0.011 0.173* P. ll P 1.C11 0.U05 0.Cll n.012 0.UC' O.Uf t;tal b 0.C17 0.012 0.016 0.013 0.C14 0.01 2 0.015 0.016 0.111* 0.14t* 0.012 0. ' G6 0.011 Lilua, mg ' . a 0.03 0.C6 0.t6 0.06 0.C6 0. Ct. 0.0/ 0.03 0.Ct C.' '.L$ 0 07 0.06 selulle b 0.11 0.05 0.C6 0.06 0.C6 U.03 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.0 " - 0.0/ 0.OR S = Surface M - Mid-depth B = Pcttnm

       *Saspec ted srple contamina t ion 6  '

y @

                                               /                -- %
                                             , ~ . WQ s
                                                         )

a

                                          .m%     A %:Q g%gy./g

• 4%[..?

s . N.h[

                                  %D P-
                         %~Q., q,
                        !M6%

e Ag y 5 -*

                    ? % "gy
                     \ s,4 v.

Q a

                                    . ,.          1
     \                        -(         1

O

                                                                                                                                                                    /

Table G-7 Levels of Aquatic Nutrients in Lake Michigan and Pond Samples faily Study Area, June 1978 5tation a 95 .M

                                     'J B      105      115      12,   225       135       145     155        165   175        IVS      195         205     215

0. i t 0.03/ 0.01 0 0. c11 0.034 C. '2 5 0. " 0 0.073 0.041 0.015 0. lf.0 0. G16 0.205 0.i05 C.~ 5 U.Li] C.Ge5 0.015

0. 0 % 0.00 0.01) 0. 0A 0.052 0.C 1 C. 21 0.0?3 0.051 0. f'v 1 0.340 0.100 0.163 0.163 0.141 0.01) 0.004 0.f 0 0 0.12 0. 5:i 0.10 0.15 J.10 0.17 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.i9 0.14 0,13 0.18 n.0-: 0. 0 f. 0.04 0. M 0.04 0.12 0. 3d 1./4 0.10 0. 's 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.lP C.13 0.11 0.20 0.23 0.04 0.r4 <0.04 C.G4

0. ' <! 3 0.003 0.003 0. W 3 'J 0.004 0.064 0. />4 0. 0% 0.G13 0.012 0.014 0.005 0.r 5 0.006 0.003 0. r. 7 0.064

0. n3 0.004 0.003 C.f 3 j3 0.004 0. s t ; 0.0"a 0.005 C.ull 0.010 0.010 0.027 0.E55 0. 0': ; U. Odd .. Le 0.003 0.2' ( 26 0.45 0 43 0. t 0.34 v.41 0.) 0.26 0.31 0.31 0.34 0.34 rs . s n0 0.: 2 0 7L 1.28 0.2t 0,44 0.43 L.31 0. 3d 0. 2 0.41 42 0.4 : 0.3 0.44 0.51 U.36 0.5% 0.53 0.7f D.(2 1.20

0. : : 6 0. r, 5 0. i t6 0. u% 0. 0u: 0.f w. 0.002 0.310 0.G10 0.011 0. CP: U.10.* 0.05 0. D s' O.nn D.M 0.L G. !36

n. , - n . P. 5 0.0J7 0. " 1- 0.010 0. U"4 C.006 0. f V 0.1 <.

• 0.010 0. CW 0.f A 0.00 0.165* 0.f G. 1 ^ v ]- 0.Lil 0.?17 ".013 C. W* 1.(21 0.G21 0. 01 '+ 0.01 7 0. M 0 0.U? 0.Cl2 0. 20 0. 0 il ' O.01/ 0.01 0 0.019 0. R 0 0. 21 0.050

0.  ; a. 12 0.Uli U.Cll 1 021 0.018 0.0!0 0.013 u.It'* 0.r25 0.C13 e Zi 0.020 0.104* 0.025 0.D21 0.(22 0. 0 34

0. l ' 0.G3 0.10 '. L6 0.l? 0.11 0.10 0. I'; 0.03 1. 0') 1.42 1.56 0. 91 1. 32 1.4 0.50 u 63 10.02 0.1, 0.1 :1 0.0b o.0/ .La o.01 0.06 0.14 0.13 1.11 1.' l.5% l.13 1." 1.46 C.48 '5s 11.J4 G-9/10 science services division C

v', i o, ;n . s

                                                                                                                              '. s \1       _'   't La

O MM et eT NN me en OO @ wt m em et - r- m DD M OO OO OO OO OO OO OO

                  -                                                                                                                     OO                 OO                 O-OO          OO                 CO                                                  OO N     O. O         .

O. O . O. C .

                                                                                              - .                           O. O.       O. O                                  C O.

OO OO OO OO CO OO OO OO OO OO v v v v v v s v v v v v v mm Mm -- -- mm D 00 e-- - -- QO -- Nm OO OO OO 00 O OO OO OO OO OO O N O O. _ OO O O. C. O.

                                                                                    "O O

OO _ _ O O. O O. OO O O. 0O OO OO CO OO OO OO OO OO OO v v v v v v v v t' o m D D- mm -m et N wt ch -- N- CQ O -e -- OO OO OO OO OO OO OO '. O OO NN Ch OO OO OO m O. O .

                                                    .       O. O.              .

OO OO O: - OO OO OO OO OO CO CO OO CO rs O CO OO v v v v v v v v v et m MM mm NN W et -m -- OO c- mm M CO OO CO OO

                                                           -O "O       OO           OO                OO                   OO          OO                  OO                m CO CO                                                     O. O       OO           CO                OO                                                  OO                 OO N

O. O O O. OO OO OO OO OO CO CO OO OO CO m v v v v v v v v H U C C CO O mM mm

                                                          --           mN          @m                 --                  M-           OO                 eN                 -N 3    O A        eN                OO               OO           OO          OO                 OO                  OO           OO                 OO                 *1 m m

• N m O O. OO OO OO OO OO OO OO 4.a CO O O. O O.

O L OO OO

           <a                                                                      OO                 OO 9                                                 v v                                                          OO           OO                 OO                 OO d                                                                                               v v                      v       v v W

o 4 4 mm et e NN -- NN wt C -r & - OO eN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    . 1 h         A W

OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO

                                                                                                                                                                             *t N Nm D

OO OO CO OO CO OO OO Q*%1r d m m - O. O OO OO Q Oo OO CO OO 4.J OO CO OO OO OC OC T*"O'q-._ V V v v v v N-O h mm sr r-4 -- NN -- -- D et C e-4 D OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO ss OO NN Q" ' * - H .e4 m OO OO mD *~ g 4 m O. O . O O. OO OO O. O OO OO OO %c .' ng OO CO CO CO OO OO OO OO CO g v v v v v v v v CO - -f v v -.~.~

                                                                                                                                                                                                              ~_

(t) vg NN mm VA D OO OO OO NN W CB -- mm OO &- MM O OO OO OO OO OO OO

     ~           *t   OO                CO               OO           CO           OO                CO OO                 r-                         . .-e O. O        O. O                                                                  h.

CO. OO CO CO OO q) CO OO OO CO CO ,y ~ V v v v v v v p O a^'"y . A m -- NN mm mm M M

                                                         --                       NN                 --                  DC           OO                 NN                 N CQ OO                OO               OO           CO          CO G         m     OO                OO               OO           OO          OO OO OO OO           OO                 CO                 NN                           Iwr g         -                                                                                                        OO                              OO                 OO                       ,.,
                                                                                                                                                                                                       ;,L ,

g CO CO OO O O. 2 OO OO OO v v v v OO OO OO CO w. v v v v vs' ;

       ;                                                                                                                                                                                             aw u          a g         0     m4               C4                C4           9D          CD                 C4

• 4 C4 C4 - 2

               %                                                                                                                                                             CD 0                                                                                                                                                                                                         I' a                                                                                                                                                                                            M.$he#

o i m a a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

                                                                                                                                                                                                 ,    .i -
     ~.d

[ N CD N N N N N N N N N

                                                                                                                                                                             ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                 *-mMM, Ch               C,           O            CD                CD                   D            D                  CD                 CD g        $"     E                 E                E             E           E                 E                    E            E                  E                  E U

C W Ed CD e- m L - 40 e- 3 c H &

f. to w M - C) O O O m 4' O O C - 9 M M M O m a M D w O M - @

W M O 3 to

• M O M U E os e +.a - M C) M M 'C a Eo E to O O a
• O
• L F 3- D
• m M 'O h * +' L

                #O    3                *e-       er      -            L                                                  C            L                 -                                     3 cu    .-

E e ::.s OC e a . . ,o a e - e O C1 C t CD U d O V L x L C1 O 9 C L U m rO E C U O L 9 O u .C u u - a 0 "3

E 1 0 *-

Z N M G-ll science services division C n i, t I !_, , lj , y

Table G-9 o Indica. ors of Industrial and Organic Contactination, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, June 1978 Station Pa rarm ter Unit Rep 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205 215 Bacteria, fecal coliform f40./100 mr a 325 <1 <1 25 25 <1 <1 <1 300 b <1 <1 <1 <1 225 <1 <1 45 225 P>acteria, total No./100 m; a 1,9/! 25 100 19,750 6.750 35 3,375 1,600 162,500 coliform b 2,925 100 50 1,050 18,250 21,450 2,550 2,175 410.000 Biochemical oxygen mq/< a 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 37 den and b 3 1 I 1 1 4 1 1 33 Chemical oxygen demano rg/c a  :.1 2.1 2.8 4.3 10.9 11 2 26.5 26.1 72.2 b 3.1  ?.8 3.3 5.2 10.6 10.0 25.0 26.3 77.0 Hexane soluble materials mg/: a <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ~0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 b <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0. 0.1 <0.1 <0.1

                                                                                                                                                        <n.1         <0.1 Total organi. carbon        mg/c         a        8.3       5.3           7.3         6.0            7.4           7.3      10.2          9.7        39.3 b        7.7       6.1           6.4         5.1           6.5            9.9         9.9      10.3         37.8 O

3 Prenals ma/t a <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 Y b 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 Methylene - blue- mg/0 a 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.C2 active-substances <0.12 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Cyanides r9/r a 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.0r6 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 b 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 5 = strface O S e 3 ._T T O 0 ' '

• CD ,

L,~ 22 f,) - O ' sf

• j'lf ;<, %

1 17 anl em n % .e, m N NkJ h], g s o 3 9 O @

Table G-10 o Trace Elements in Sediment Samples from iiearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, August 1978 Station Parameter Unit Rep 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

• Phosphorus mg/kg a 0.005 0.015 0.016 0.027 0.074 0.071 0.079 0.067 b 0.008 0.013 0.010 0.031 0.070 0.167 0.058 0.094 Cadmium mg/kg a <0.003 0.028 0.045 <0.003 0.013 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 b <0.003 0.031 0.003 <0.003 0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.003 Chromium mg/kg a <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 b <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 Cepper mg/kg a 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.021 0.030 0.019 0.034 0.029 b 0.015 0.021 0.018 0.021 0.027 0.029 0.031 L 0.01 6 4 Iron mg/kg 40.003 <0.003 0.228 1.352 1.001 0.564 1.150 1.245 Al u

a b 0.013 <0.003 1.578 322 1.728 3.740 3.119 1.660 {MS Lead mg/kg a <0.014 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.017 <0.014 <0.019 <0.016

                                                                                <0.013       <0.015   <0.017    <0.016  <0.016 b     <0.013      <0.013      <0.013 J};g)
                                                                                                                                 !-?v" Manganese              mg/kg    a      0.100       0.228       0.011   0.019        0.037    0.214     0.140   0.079 b      0.118       0.233       0.026   0.005        0.027    0.264     0.178   0.041 Mercury                mg/kg    a     <0.0005     <0.0005     <0.0005 <0.0005      <0.0005  <0.0005   <0.0005 <0.0005   k      'l b     <0.0005     <0.0005     <0.0005 <0.0005      <0.0005  <0.0005   <0.0005 <0.0005   LQ Q'. C ]

Nickel mg/kg a 0.022 0.048 0.053 0.027 0.047 0.027 0.015 0.035 tz:m 0.015 0.052 0.058 0.013 0.048 0.033 0.019 0.006 fn 7{ L' a b b;g g;g j CD 9. Selenium mg/kg a <0.014 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.017 <0.014 <0.019 <0.016 'f g

• b <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.015 <0.017 <0.016 <0.016 I^;' 'i.;L._,)

   $                                                                                                                    <0.006    Gsd c- o       Vanadium              mg/kg    a     <0.005      <0.005      <0.005  <0.005        0.060    0.025    <0.008
,                                         b     <0.005      <0.005      <0.005  <0.005        0.033    0.030    <0.006  <0.006            g 2       Zinc                  mg/kg           0.030       0.235       0.332   0.122        0.295    0.011     0.004   0.029    %L"l?1 5'                                     b      0.031       0.297       0.359    0.094       0.185    0.017     0.010   0.022     h o
   #      Percent solids         7        a     90.7        92.3        89.7    90.3         65.8     59.6      49.1    63.9
   &                                      b     90.9        90.1        90.7    92.6         70.2     64.7      52.2    71.5 1      .

L8 Results expressed as mg/kg dry weight. Variable minimum detectability limits based on amount sample 0 had to be concentrated prior to analysis.

e F QC W 6 {lhh$U " Parameter Unit kp 15 25 2B 35 3M 38 45 55 SR 65 CM 6B e Alkalinity, n;/t a 112 112 .14 114 114 116 115 115 116 116 112 111 11 soluble b 112 112 116 114 113 116 117 115 116 116 111 111 11 Ca l c i am, mg/t a 35.0 36.3 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.0 33.t 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.7 35 salable b 36.3 36.3 35.6 35.0 35.0 33.3 33.8 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.7 3! Chloride, ng/t a 8.3 8.9 8.6 S.6 8.7 8.I 8.8 8.6 3.7 .5 8.? 9.0 ' total b S./ d.6 S.7 8.6 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7 d.5 c.8 8.6 # Chlorine, mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 -0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 <0. total b < 0. 01 0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 ~0.01 <0.01 0. Co nduc tanc e enes a 270 2E0 280 230 270 270 230 230 290 2?O 280 290 2! L 270 2E0 230 230 270 270 230 280 230 260 2E 3 290 2' Cxygen, ng/t a 10.0 9.4 10.0 9.4 10.3 10.6 9.4 9.8 10.3 9.4 10.3 1C 7 9. dissolved b 10.0 9.4 10.0 9.4 10.3 10.6 9.4 9.P 10.3 9.4 10.3 10.7 9. Cny;en, ,g/t a 110 101 109 102 103 97 103 106 105 1 04 106 104 11

    ' sa t ara tion               b     11J     101    109    102    103      97     103     106    ICS    1 04   126     104    11 O Lr,                  ces/   o     Neg     Neg   Neg    Neg    %eg       Neg    Neg     Neq    Neg   ', e g  %rq     Neg   N.

threshuld rea L Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg %eg Seq Neg N Pegnesium, mg/r a 11.5 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.3 11.0 11.7 11.3 11.7 11.5 11.3 11.3 11 saluble b 11.5 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.2 11.0 11.7 11.3 11.3 11.5 11.3 11.3 11 ba r dne s s mg/t a (34 133 133 129 134 133 132 133 133 133 134 133 m b 134 1 32 133 132 134 134 132 133 134 134 132 132 13

    ;H                    pH      a    d4      8.4    d.4    c.4    d.3      a.1       .3   8.5    8.4       .2   <.2    H.2    9 b     e.4    3.4    8.4     S.4   8.3      3.1     8.3    9.5    8.4     4.2    S.2    8.2    c.

Po ta s s i um, m/i 1.35 1.43 1.23 1.20 1.23 a 1.17 1.35 1.23 1.32 1.20 1.29 1.72 1. saluble b 1.24 1.23 1.23 1.20 1.29 1.63 1.23 1.35 1.41 1.17 1.29 1.26 1. Scdiz rg /; a 5.12 5.12 5.12 5.00 5.12 4.75 5.25 5.12 5.12 5.25 5.12 5.0] 5. al Ale b s.12 5.12 5.12 5.12 5.12 5.00 5.12 5.25 5.12 5.00 5.12 5 25 5. suspended solids, mdi a . , 1.2 0. 0. 6 2l 4.0 5.0 1.t 3.6 1.0 2.4 3.4 1. total b 1.3 1.4 2.0 0.3 3. 0 10.4 2.8 1. t> 4.6 1.s 3. 0 3.2 1. Cissalved solfL , mg/ a 350 591 t05 GL e63 1,0x3 595 731 7t 5 76) tct31 4 2 442 39 b 679 573 64 3 61 3 cil 557 71 0 632 /01 727 60 7 403 23 521 fates, ns/i a 24.2 24.2 24.1 24.3 24.2 21.8 23.1 22.0 23.4 23.5 21.9 23.1 23 s ol u t:1e 24.2 24.1 24.5 21.2 24.7 22.3 23.6 21.0 26.1 23.3 2 '. 9 23.5 24 Te,,_ +r iture *C a 20.5 19.5 < 0. 0 20.0 16.0 11.5 20.5 20.0 16.5 21.0 17.0 14.5 22 te 20.5 19.5 20.0 20.0 16.0 11.5 20.5 zu J 16. ', 21.0 17.0 14.5 22 b r t- i d i ty N1U a 0.3 1.i 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.7 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.5 C. b 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.7 0.7 1.4 1.1 0. Color, Pt- a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 trae Cc L 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

   ~

tlacride, g/( a 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0. so1Jle b 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 n.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.14 2.11 0.12 0.11 C. 5 = Surface B = Bottom M = Mid-depth h cjCDe oL

O l i

                                                                                                                                                              /

Table G-ll General Water Quality Parameters, NIPSCo Bailly Station Vicinity, August 1978 S ta tion 05 PB 95 9M 9B 105 115 125 225 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205 215 112 113 112 112 114 112 113 115 115 50 43 34 44 34 47 71 74 287 112 113 112 112 113 111 112 116 lib 50 32 46 41 32 41 70 75 293 7 35.0 35.0 35.7 35.7 35.7 35.7 35.0 36.2 35.6 44.4 83.7 53.1 45.0 72.5 81.2 43.6 31.2 57.6 7 35.0 35.0 35.7 35.7 35.7 33.7 35.0 3 6. ?

• 2 44.4 04.2 52.5 45.6 73.' 72.5 4 3. " 31.2 5 t>. 2 u6 9.1 12.8 8.9 u.1 8.6 8.7 9.1 8.6 9.4 9.0 9.2 9.5 9.9 10.4 8.8 2.3 3.7 H.6 9.0 3.5 8.9 9.1 3.6 8.7 9.1 E.6 9.4 9.0 9.1 9.4 9.9 10.4 8.8 7.4 3.5 1 0.01 -0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 < 0. 01 0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 -0.C1 <0.01 10.01 <0.01 <0.01 1 0.01 40.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 < 0. 01 0.01 <0.01 T 01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.C1 -0.51 0.01 2 41 290 230 2E0 2E0 230 27'3 230 270 400 790 750 400 SP0 600 400 305 440 290 230 30 250 250 230 270 290 270 400 790 750 400 Eno 600 400 3C5 443 9.7 9.2 9.3 9.6 10.0 9.7 9.7 8.7 9. 5 7.5 8.9 9.3 8.3 6.3 6.4 5.3 10.7 *.15. 0

9. 7 9.2 9.3 9.6 10.0 9. 7 9.7 3.7 9.5 7.5 3.9 9.3 8.3 6.3 6.4 5.3 10.7 >15 ,

104 100 106 103 91 120 1Cd 95 116 96 11 0 113 106 77 79 65 134 lRC 101 100 in6 1C3 91 120 103 95 lle 56 110 113 106 77 79 t5 1 34 >1 FJ wg Nog Neg Nej Nag Neg Neg N> g Neg heg Neg Neg Neg Pos ros Pos Pos Fos Vg Nog Neg Neg 'e? g .e g N.> g 'eg Neg teg (eg Neg Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Pas 3 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.2 11.5 11.2 11.5 11.5 11.5 15.1 31. 5 30.3 14.9 20.2 20.2 1S.0 11.5 26.9 3 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.3 11.5 11.2 11.5 11.5 11.5 15.1 31.5 30.3 14.9 20.2 20.2 17.8 14.1 26.9 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 132 IMO 326 367 169 259 278 192 149 262 133 133 133 133 133 133 1 32 1 34 133 172 394 363 172 259 27d 192 145 267

      .5  3.4          s.4    <.3    8.0     c.3      .4     u4      8.4       7.0     7.5     7.7     7.3       6.7     7.2     7.1       S.0     7.0
      .5  e.4          8.4    ".3    8.0     '3. 8.4   E.4       E.4      7. 0     7.5     7.7     7.3       6.7     7.2     7.1       8.0     7.0 0   1.20   1.29         6.23   1.26    1.20   1.32    1.29   1.41      1.29     3.87   17.b     17.8    3.I       12.0    11.4    1.72      2.83    C.25 3   1.c0   1.29         1.17   1.48   2.46    1.29    1.35  1.41       1.29    3.93     19.4    17.2    3.r3      12.6    11.2    1.60      1.54    0.22 5     .12  5.12         5.3d  5.12    5.50    5.25    5.12  5. M      5.3M     12.0    14.8     14.8    13.3      14.3    14.5    >5 .      7.2     6.00

, 5.12 5.33 6.25 5.25 4. &i 5.25 5.25 5. 5.3? 12.- '.' 14 ' 13.1 14 14. 6.70 ',00 2.6 1.6 J.? 6.8 3. b O.6 0.2 0.8 C.H 1.2 0.5 0. : 9.6 12.4 3.6 19.6 71.4

       )

4.6 2.0 1.4 11.4 C.' 2.0 u.1 1.2 C.2 0.6 0.4 5.4 42. 21.6 15 7 4. ) 30.8

   '29    300         255    2U      228     19      187   253       260      358     766     713      326       536     531    297        231     294 310     2M          237    259     216     17K     153   23)       236      34 5    779     730      3 ?.5     530     54;     320       214     2E4 3  24.3    24.4        23.5   22.7   22.9    24.7     24.2  23.5      23.4     136.0   409.0   AE .0    147.0     25 0    277.0   163.C     73.1    9. 0 2 .1    23.9        22.7   24.3   22.1    25.0    24.1   23.5      23.4     1 0.0   415.0   J .0     141.0     263.0  276.0    161 C     74.4    7.5 i

21.0 20.0 22.0 19.5 11.5 27.0 <3.0 2J.0 26.0 29.0 27.0 26.0 21.0 26.0 27.0 27.0 27.5 26.0 1 21.0 2'.0 22.0 19.5 11.5 27.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 29.0 27.0 25.C 29.0 26.0 27.0 ?i.0 2 7. E 2E.0 1.1 0. 9 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 2.38 1.0 1.3 4.1 3.7 1.7 1.. 1.7 6.7

     ,;  0.7          0.8    1.5     1.4    C.6     0.9    1.0       0.7      1.9     1.1     1.5      1.9      2.1      1.7    4.3        1.7     6.2 1      1            1      1      1       1       1      1         1        1       1       l       1          10     15      50         35        C0 1      1            1      1       1      1       1      1         1        1       1       1       1          10     15      SC         35      EO
  ',11   0.13        0. lil  0.11   C.10    c.13    0.11   0.10     0.09      0.13   0.23     0.22    0.18      0.22    0.22    0.C9      0.13    0m c.11   0.12        0.10    0.11   0.10    0.11    C.10   0.11     0.09      0.13   0.22     C.22    0.19      C.22    0.22       .08    0.12    U.31 science services divislori G-15/16                        c n ;i           ~:

(,J/ / jay L

p '%- ' Y s' s~ n-y;: -J e h. Q ,*e. J i

                                   *? ~                ,
                                              . = .J p,. . , Q- . '

_g s ,. - (('

                               -)

GR.. m:, ' 4N. s *-s T.

       . h. ' '

NN*d(if  %

         *b    s Units Rep                             25     2B     35      3M      38     45    55    50    05    6M    6B Pa rame te r                              15 Aronia,              irrJ/ t        a      0.01 2         0.005  0.011 0.002    0.022   0.022  0.005 0.011 0.02] 0.007 0.007 0. 01 6 0 solutle                             b      0.013          0.003  0.007  0.010   0.018   0 C17  0.002 0.008 0.C29 0.004 0.009 0.018    0 Nit. ate,            mg/t           a      v.16           0.16   0.16   0.15    0.17    0.17   0.16  0.16  0.17  0.15  0.17  0.16     0 solutie                             b      0.16           0.10   0.16   0.15    0.16    0.17   0.15  0.16  0.17  0.15  0.17  0.16     0 Nitrite,             mg/z           a       0.002         0.002  0.002  0.002   0.003 <0.002   0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002    0 soluble                             b       0.002         0.002  0.003  0.002   0.003   0.002  0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 Organic nitrogen, rg/t              a       0.45          0.30   0.24   0.24    0.30    0.37   0.30  0.13  0.25  0.30  0.17  0.21     (

total b 0.22 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.25 0.20 0.27 0.11 0.31 0.23 0.31 0.19 Crt hopho spha te, mg/l a <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.002 sC.002 <0.002 0.002 0.015 0.011 0.C02 0.002 0.002 saluble b 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.002 .0.002 0.002 0.002 0.C10 0.0C2 0.00? Phosphates, mg/l a 0.020 0.019 0.006 0.005 0.014 0.020 0.020 0.006 0.032 0.010 C.014 0.010 total b 0.020 0.003 0.009 0.013 0.021 0.016 0.010 0.012 0.016 0.C26 0.015 0.01 9 Silica, mg/t a 0.22 0.26 0.19 0.27 0.15 0. 34 0.24 0.33 0.12 0.26 0.24 0.20 soluble b 0.22 0.23 0.21 0.33 0.11 0.36 0.33 0.20 0.C3 0.27 0.19 0.24 5 = Surface M = Mid-bottom B = Bottom \

 \

s ..

                                          's
                    .v v

                  'O
                                                                                                                                       /

Table G-12 Levels of Aquatic Nutrients, NIPSCo Bailly Station, August 1978 Sta tion H 105 115 125 225 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205 215 85 CB 95 9M 0.023 0.006 0.014 0.022 0.012 0. M0 0.030 0.013 0.0 36 0.51 0 0.370 0.055 0. C16 0.002 0.01 6 (,012 0.021 17 0.020 13 0.010 0.043 0.007 0.015 0.0'1 0.011 v.0 34 0.024 0.015 0.063 0.480 0.370 0.042 0.044 0.002 0.003 0.011 0.007 4 0.14 0.1 >t 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.20 <0.04 0.04 0.04 <0.04 +0.04 6 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.21 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 <0.04 02 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 <0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.021 02 0.002 0.003 <0.002 0.007 <0.002 <0.002 0.002 0.002 -0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.014 5 0.28 0.20 0.22 0.03 0.25 0.25 0.43 0.18 0.31 0.15 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.17 0.26 0.47 0.52 1.43 2 0.16 0.30 0.23 0.13 0.30 0.28 0.30 0.11 0.29 0.16 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.35 0.24 0.43 0.4? 1.49 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.0n2 0.003 0.00 3 0.002 0.002 0.0r2 0.003 0.002 0.021 02 0.003 03 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.00 3 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.0C2 0.003 0.002 0.014 12 0.011 0.014 0.007 0.00 4 0.01 0 0.010 0. 00t; 0.018 0.011 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.012 0.012 0.01 6 0.017 0.044 16 0.010 0.011 0 007 0.007 0.011 0.01 0 0.012 0.011 0.012 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.009 0.01 6 0.012 0.019 0.019 0.038 34 0.22 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.28 0.2d 0.23 0.36 0.24 1.44 2.69 2.16 1.55 2.72 2.17 3.17 0.91 22.0 4 0.22 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.32 0.25 0.23 0.36 0.24 1.46 2.70 2.15 1.57 2.69 2.18 3.16 0.91 22.1

                                                                                                                                          /

G-17/18 science se,rvices divisipn El nu i, fi i., l u.6

O

                 -- --               e-           mm      wm         O Ch       mm     OO       N-      mN OO       OO         CO           OO      mN         -O         CO     CO       CO      OO OO       CO         CO           OO                 CO         CO     OO       CO      OO N

OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO v v v v v v v v mN -e NN mm OO mN MN OO OO C O OO Nm OO CO OO OO OO O OO OO t" O OO OO OO OO OO OO OO N - - - . - - . - - - - - - - CO OO OO OO CO OO CO CO OO OO V v v v v v v v

                 -- -- --                         MM      CO T       CC CO      MC     OO       NN      M-OO       OO         OO           CO               m OO         CO     OO       CO      OO CB OO       CO         OO           OO      OO         OC         OO     O ()     OO      OO OO       OO         OO           OO      OO         OO         DO     CO       CO      OO v v      v v       v v                                               v s
                 -- --               NN           NN      e-         NN         mm     OO       No      CB N
    @            OO       OO         OO           OO      -N         CO         OO     OO       --      OO N

CO OO OO CO OO CO CO OO CO OO CO Os OO OO CO CO OC OC 00 OO OO CO g v v v v v v U ft) 3 -- g C m- -- -- mm m Cn NN em CO -- mm O OO OO OO OO (D m OO OO OO NN N-d e N OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO f a - . OO K OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO

        , +>                v v        v v                                              v v d

y CO n -- -- mm me ce me OO CO mN

• 1.?f#J.9 OO OO OO OO Nm OO OO OO -- -O r w

h e OO OO OO OO OO CO CO OO CO OO ' y~'[*V.

                                                                                                                                                          .s . . ,

9 - . . . . . . . . - _ _ s; y a CO CO v v OO v v OO 07 OO OO OO v v OC 00 _ NQ m m os m g -N DM g g ee -- -- mm CC OO eN CO

                                                          -N NM me OO mO
                                                                                -m OO OO eN CO ms
                                                                                                        -O
                                                                                                                                                    -'p-i w l   H         m  OO       OO         OO           OO      CO         OO         OO     OO       --      -N                                               ' k ~,

Q M e CO OO q OO OO OO OO OO OO CO OC g g  % v v v v b,., - ~ .o . UQ ~ n M f.T ] b EE

    'o U          Oc Vv
                          -- -- ce OO         OC           CO Cn N O-mm ne OO         OO     CO Ne MN NN WO                                    CY3  N' O       W  OO       OO         OO           OO      OO         OO         OO     OO       --      O-p.,       -                                                                                                                                  ': ,.1 OO       CO         OO           OO      OO         CO         CO     OO       OO      OO g                     v v        v v                                               v v                                                  (Xy/
     ,                                                                                                                                  ^/_..

O .,

                                                                                       --                                                   wa U           ee -- --                         =t m    O Cn       -m         mm     CO       (C Ch   AN k           OO       OO         OO           CO      N CC       OO         OO     OO       OO      OO                              tt ]

M m OO OO OO OO OO OO OO CO OO OO g - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

                                                                                                                                      . %     v.
    ~            CO       CO         OO           OO      CO         OO         OO     OO       CO      OO
    ^                       v v        v v                             v                 v v                                      /, [; F '  -
        ,                                                                                                                                 p M                                                                                                                             -%n U

k. .4 9e r ~

U MD MD mD mD mD mD mD mD mD mD a Q mg . ed [2.3 ,t u e. e., e a. e., c. c. w w g C 7 m g c g 7 e 7 e 7 U E E E E E E E E E E d k a H C O m -

                           >         -                                           m L -         m          m                                         +J     -

W m X 4 - 0 O M - M 4.3 o O m - W M M D O D M M D e-- O +' - E 4 C 3 m 4 O m m *

• 4 - p 4 4 L
• E E O O
• O m 6 3 3
• m M u) h * @

CL 3 r- - L C L e---

                  -        E          E            o        *           =        m       3       O

• E O O C.L C V O U M V t L L CL O m C L U C n D D O u o n w -- -

U V U V me a E E Z N science services division G-19 _ .. . htli' tid, L 4 y a -

Table G-14 0 Indicators of Industrial and Organic Contamination, Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, August 1978 Station Parameter Units Rep 135 145 ISS 165 175 185 195 205 215 Eacteria, fecal coliform No./lCO m; a 175 0 0 50 30,750 10,350 975 850 21,250 b 82' O 0 125 9,050 10,900 725 8,650 23,250 Bacteria, total coliform No./100 m; a 2 500 50 150 2,950 36,750 36,750 25,750 33,750 58,000 b 2,275 100 225 3,500 13,750 32.250 22,750 2" ? 50 35,000 Biochemicil oxygen ng/2 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 demand b 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 Chemical oxygen derund nq/t a <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 10.3 12.2 33.8 b 2.0 <2.0 <2.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 11.7 12.2 34.0 Hexane soluble materials rg/; a <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 3.6 b <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 c1 [ Total crganic carbon rg/: a 3.2 3.3 4.5 7.2 6.3 7.0 16.0 14.4 37.8 c) b 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.7 6.6 6.6 16.4 18.0 48.2 Phenols rzq / i a <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 b <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 :0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <C.005 <0.005 <C.005 Methylene - blue m1/. a <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 :0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 active substances b <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 5 = surface e b S 3 0 v'.- S C, ,s y C' Q is 0 f v.1-e. gA iwn a f i :l e,ah 9h ] r. O v.< *y" Ga la d y 0s1 Tb zg

                                                                                                                        . m.

3 9 @ 9

O Table G-15 Trace Element Concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) in Sediment Samples from Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, November 1970a Pa rameter Replicate 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Cadmium a 0.013 0.009 0.007 0.006 <.013 <.006 0.005 0.004 b 0.010 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.037 <.007 <.005 <.004 Chromium a 0.025 0.006 0.008 0.028 0.040 0.013 0.011 0.008 b 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.016 0.025 0.014 0.011 0.008 Copper a 0.135 0.006 0.015 0.050 0.255 0.131 0.080 0.053 b 0.013 0.006 0.018 0.020 0.174 0.103 0.072 0.056 -- Iron a 3.40 0.301 0.042 2.14 2.25 0.831 1.29 b 0.203 ~ ' 0.597 0.192 0.011 2.59 2.06 0.468 1.24 0.804 Lead a <.003 <.003 <.004 0.009 <.013 <.006 <.005 <.004 -n {} b <.003 <.003 <.004 <.003 <.012 Manganese a 1.49 0.541 0.006 0.011 0.008 ($ o 0.471 0. M2 2.64 0.157 0.010 0.069 U b 1.30 0.573 0.616 0.229 1.59 0.227 0.011 0.056 19 6] Z Mercury a <.002 <.002 <.002 <.002 <.008 c.004 <.003 <.002 D b <.002 <.002 <.002 <.002 <.007 <.003 <.003 <.002 {j Nickel a 0.195 0.073 0.049 0.040 0.552 0.157 b 0.054 0.032 E '7 7 0.079 0.082 0.064 0.033 0.287 0.165 0.033 0.016 C >' Selenium a <.002 0.002 <.002 t_ J

0. 0('2 0.008 <.003 <.003 <.002 -

b <.002 <.002 0.003 Vanadium a <.006 <.006 0.003 0.007 <.003 <.003 <.002 [ ~c)

                                                                     <.007   <.006    1.20    0.275   0.085   <.003  EI b       <.007    <.006       <.007                                           '
                                                                             <.006    0.735   0.337   0.056   <.008              l
       $  Zinc                          a       0.302    0.066                                                       r           u 0.011   0.093    0.040   0.046   0.101   0.028  t y                                b       0.076    0.104       0.011   0.164    0.100 0.041   0.039   0.012  gm_ad,y 5  Phosphorus                    a       0.057    0.016       0.046 11 o o                                b       0.040    0.018       0.036 0.218 0.102 0.283 0.274 0.144 0.110 0.083 0.089 0.061 0.096

[# Percent Solids a 78.6 78.8 66.1 80.4 19.5 36.6 54.7 61.3 Y }, {o b 76.7 79.1 70.1 78.5 20.6 36.6 44.8 61.4 o

• Variable mit imum detectability limits based on amount sample had to be concentrated prior to analysis.

    , a

_; . . 7

s &

O~ 3

                                                                                                             << Y 9\   .A     '. 71A d.

a

                                                                                                   &. oa 4g
                                                                                        -p 6 ,f,. A* */*' 45 $4 w.

tjt % g 1* 4 i 1 .,a.' ' ' ' * (j s * % (+.-c

g. t

                                                                          %.0. y A..

O \ *

• p' e n ,w(_.'nQ  % .;} 's,h,a w k ,O
• h g <

j g y, r-. , si y v) *, y- se 'i.,a., a t

                                   . ~ ,"eJ
                                                                                                                                                                       '                                 V                             tS                '"               '

Paramter Unit Peoli: ate 15 25 1 E iv 4 c' q ! i 1 1 ^, 111 11] 111 E' 1:* 1. 3 li 1;* 11 l Alkalinity, a 111 lin so121e 6 112 111 111 101 1 . la lla 11 - l ' 11 4 l' 1: d la)

                                                                                                                                      '+                            0                                 33.9              2.1          31.1             31. !             31. ,         31 Calci:r, sol / , i n 's                                 i                31.5               !?.6           13.4                           31. 2                     4      31 13.1             E                                                                31.               31.'          3-3'.1                                                                                                                        4      '

t '

                                                                                                            .1           '.3        33.4             l'.1                                                                       4     !)

Chinride, tttal rc< a li + 4

                                                                                                                     ' 1.1          11.1            1' 2            I ?.c            il                    .1                            f.

• lJ.1

                                                                                              <       11?            19.1                           1.1. 3          11 i             111              l'                     .i                           't..

4 <

                     -i m           tal     rm/,                   ,                            '1               1            ':1                            C1                :)             "1              '1              21                 1                  1       ' fl          ,
                                                                                                                                                       , 91                                      '            '1           1                 1                   1           D1 C1          1 01               11               i
                  + +i                         rry                a                       1         .1             ;              27                +

2 *1 2: 2 .> < l 3 a!; a 11.6 .E 1 . f- 1 ;.4 11.1 l' . 11.1 4 r 1 In 4 13 ' l .~,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      '                                                         r     1 ).

11 -- -1< t 11.6 1 " . fi 1;+ '

                                                                                                                                            ,        1!.1           1                1 1. )                                           l'r             1. . 4            1
                                                                                       '                                                                '            '                                                                  '                4               +            '44
                *     ',                         Sat.             a                                      5                                       1:

lo' , ,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         '                                .                           44 s it ro t i '-
                                     ,!j     Pes /Y q                               'eq                  .. g                             q
                                                                                                                                                                                                          .y                                                   ,         ,;           4 r,    teo '                                     a                                                          ,                              7               ,               ,

• P eg '.e g ', , %q 'gy ,e q ', ,
• g v i; ,1 . -r i 3

                                                                                             .1           4    .          .             a              1.3                 .6            G.,              .5               4   4                          ,                                4 col ele                                                t
                                                                                         ~
                                                                                        'f..             7.4              4    3
                                                                                                                                       ') . 4            ar                .4            1.5              1.5              4.a            4                                  41 3 r den                       rq/;                  a              1 37               137            1h            19              1               1.9               137             13              13              l~              , ~F,             IF            13 b              1?,                136            135            13,            '+               19               137             1:              l ',            1:             1      ;           IV            1%

r '

           ,                                 ;5                     a                           1         3.5             )

5 5 .4 4 >5 '

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ..                                   4 b                         .4           s.5                  5           .5                 r                             .4                 c
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                .,                                             .4 tiv.ia        ,             r<;/ s                  a                    1.5             1.5             1.;           1.4             1.5             1.               1.4              1.4              1.'            1,              1.4                1.4          1 sold le 1.'             1.E             I.5           1.5             i.E              1.'             l.a              1.4              1.4            1.4             1.3                1.4          1 di e         c l ,/ 11      mg/J                    a                   5.3              5.1             5.2           4               4       +

c 4.1 .1 4.0 2.1 4 4 5.1 5 4.7 ' 5.0 4.7 4. t 5.6 6.2 4.9 4 ) 5./ 5 Sus m&* rg/ 3 7.2 0.4 1.6 2.0 4.' 16.'

3. ' C.0 22 '.4 2J 7 soli k, tttal

• 12.2 2.9 5.R 2.4 1. 10.4 4 5' 4.4 2 >

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          !.                ?.            7 157 15               r'                61              15           1; 2

[:i s ol m* rq/ a 105 170 162 167 101 15? solids totil t 171 163 162 163 1(3 151 15 l lE d i f .' 154 i: 6

             'ulfates,                       mq/i                    a                25.8              25.2           25.1           2m?             2            25.              t   r.4                   2      2 .2                             ?4. -           ' .1           2 s ol @ le                                               t                25.8             25.7            25.3           25.'            ?5.3           2' .1            25.2                      ,      2 5 . t-       2 .1              ?5.3            25.2           25 T e ' ; e r.i t u re             *C                     a                11.0              11.0            11.0          11.3            11.             11.0            11.0              1?.T            11.0           .1.'             11.              11.0          1:

L 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11. 11.s 11.0 12 ] 11.0 11. 11.4 11.4 1) Tud idit / MU a <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 11 n.1 1.1 .1 1.1 .1 0.2 0.1 b 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 '.1 '.1 0.1 '.1 .1 0.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Coice, true it-Ce a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 b 1 1 1 1 1 Fluoride, og/r a 0.25 0.25 0.24 3.24 0.24 .24 0.23 1. < ' D 24 0.24 0 23 0.23 ' soluble b 0.26 0.24 0.2% 0.24 0.: 4 0.24 0.23 2.74 0.?4 ^ 24  ; 23 J.23 S = surf ace, ? - t attom, M rid-depth.

 ?

s

  \

l U 't s E . t

                                            ~1 y lU

O Table G-16 i General Water Quality Parameters, NIPSCo Bailly Station Vicinity, November 1978 Stations W 55 135 115 12' 22' 135 14S 15# 165 175 185 175 205 215 m) ':N 12 10' 17 112 113 113 116 t5 .S - 37 37 41 69 76 145 12 l' 117 197 117 112 113 lit 115 65 5 .5 3)  % 42 D 76 146

  ;.3     30. ,         21.7        21.4       i 2   29.7        M.'         3?.3      3 ). '    4'.5       'J . 2    J.3       51.           E.5    91.9       41.3     4'.1     54.6
 r      U.'           23.7        31.7    2 .1          2 .6        <    .)     32.6      31.3      47         57.2      .5      u.3         0.0      M.7        ~4.2     47.7     55.2 1                   9.o         9.0        i.1      10.0        10.1        10M       10.3          9.6      9.6       4.6       9.-       10.7     10.8         9.4      9.7   24.9 4          ,

9.7 9" 7.2 9.7 1.1 E .1 12.1 l'.i 10.1 9.7 1.6 1.6 9.' 10.7 10.1 9.5 9.7 24.9 1.91 0.01 .o.P1 r "i '.01 0.01 .D.01 l 01 9.01 ' Cl 0,r1 01 01 0.01 0.01 1 01 0.01 <0.Cl 0.01 e . 01 .f l 2 il ' 01 0.01 61 0.r1 3 01 1.01 0.01 ' 01 i 1 0.01 m 31 '.01 0.21 0.C1 S1 a s s n ' 2f 3 p ,3 r' ui 515 i) 50 415 420 520

          .- )        M?           Mi      2<!          '

i N ', 2  ; .) 50 Et.1 515 1 70 415 420 520 13 ' 10.; 10.7 1 .4 n.6 ' 1 1. - 1 .t 113 13.0 9,2 4 o 10.5 9.? 10.1 .1 4.3 4.6 11.5 13  ; 11.7 11.4 4 .6 ' 11.3 1 .6 11 11.0 1.2 9. 15.5 1.0 10.1 ' .1 8.3 4.6

                                                                      %            3                                       9?        95

• A 70 73 41 93 U.
• 44 113 123 '

m 93 is - 04 m 113 is 3 123 , 42 'l 70 73 41 (q 'eg %q  %, N cq m  % <, rg Vg %3 g %g fos Pos Pos Pos Pos bg 'eg  %'g %a ' ' ..' g %q Vg  %.g *cq

                                                                                                                 %? ]      %g        heq         PCs      Pas        Pos      PCs      IOs 5               4        9.1        4.7         4   2     7.5          4.6         v.5      9.R      13.7       31.0     27.0      13.R        13.9     10.5        13.'    13.5     22.0 R.'        'i .1         R.1        1.0        0.'         l."         4.6        1.5       1.6      13.7       30.0     27.0       13.e       18.9     19.5        13.3    13.5     22.7 13r       1M           134          135     13'          137         137         1 35       13!       1R'       '23       251        200         3h       343        1 76     192     239 1%        1 35          134         131     134          137         137         13t       137        19        324       2(0        193         346      343        175      19      237 e   5
                           ".4        P.4           .5          .4       H.4        P.4       v.5         7.4      3.1       4.3       7.5         7.1      7.45       7.35     7.5      7.45 5          .5        R.4        E.4           .5      ".4           .4        8.4       '.5         '.4       3.9       4.5      7.5         7.1      7.45       7.35     7.5      7.45 1.3       1.3           1.5        1.5        1.7         1.5         1.4         1.4      1.5         4.9     13.2      12.2       4.8       14.1     14.3         2.4      2.6      2.6

1. 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1-; 4.9 13.1 12.1 4.R 14.2 14.1 2.5 2.7 2.6 5.1 5.1 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 11.5 21.2 22.; 13.0 16.2 15.0 6.S 7.2 13.0 5.1 5.' 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.7 4." 4.7 4.R 11.2 21.R 21.2 12 . 16.8 15.2 6.9 7.0 12.9 5.2 s.6 1.0 0.4 10.E 12.2 5.2 5.4 27.4  ?.0 10.0 9.2 1.2 3.2 3.4 37.1 15.7 2.0

2. 7.0 1.6 1. d.0 13.6 6.4 F.4 19.0 4." 10.4 4.E 1.R 3.6 5.8 36.0 2.0 0.8 17' iM 1r5 173 159 if 9 167 167 if6 302 537 &0 334 615 573 292 276 342 171 Di7 If6 174 155 172 177 l'3 If3 217 532 c76 335 603 5'a 276 276 334 25.2 't.9 23.' 24.1 23.3 26.9 2!.7 25.5 26.2 275 392 36 9 240 365 3F0 168 159 51 25.1 2 4. ' 23.? 24.0 23.9 27.0 ?C.0 25.4 26.0 204 400 36 7 2 31 311 3d4 152 159 44 10.' 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 23.0 11.0 11.0 27.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 11.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 10." 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 21.0 11.0 11.0 27.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 11.0 10.C 10.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 'O.1 0.1 s0.1 -0.1 S.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 40.1 0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 25 15 350 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 25 15 320 0.24 0.24 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.29 0.lo 0.18 0.22 0.34 0.32 0.33 0.24 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.?? 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.29 0.17 0.17 0.28 0.34 0.31 0.33 0.23 0.26 i

                                                                                                                                                                                                /

h science services division G-23/24 E, : s i ! J

                                                                                                                                              .ICb              s 'i C

s Station Is 2b is le 35 as $s 5 Pa raave t e r it Rev As rioni a ny a 0.033 0.031 0.C4n 0.0 31 r.il2P 0. 0% 0.034 0.032 C. b 0 051 D . 010 0.041 0.039 0.030 0.031 0.n37 0.03R 0. 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.lR 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.14 0. Nitrate m/ s a b 0.?0 0.18 0.18 0.19 3.12 C.13 C.19 0.1) O. c.y4 n.cr4 , 0c7 0.cc4 o.ons o. Nitrite m/ i a 0.003 0.M3 0 . or,4 _ 0. b 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.f 04 0. 0f 4 0.004 0.004 Crqanic nitrogen N/ A a 0.38 0.30 ^ 29 0.42 0.?4 0.M 0.23 0.14 0. b 0.46 0.29 0.32 0.M 0.33 J.27 C.16 C.24 0. Orthrphospaate mg/t a 0.005 0.004 0.r03 0 . 0.: 2 1.0n2 0.0T 0. 0': 4 0.003 0. b 0.Cr6 C.004 0.n 3 c.oc2 0.: '2 c.nn' O . 0i' 4 0.003 0.

                                 '          'ntal Mosphate     my/     a 0.C15 0.00? 0.003    0. "      .nr'    O . 0% 0 ( F2       0.002   0.
                                         *'                            b 0. 0M 0.00% 0.003   <".00?       ' Te 0.0G1 0.PC?          0.002   0.

(. ?, - < 0.13 0.43 0.25 0.?4 0.

                             ,     'N *D    Silicate           og/t    a b

0. 3 ',

0.38 0.?4 0.22 0.14 n.11 0.10 0.08 0.14 0.23 0.25 0.22 0. _-d (Er D. 41 u rQNQ r~ ( . w),,

                        ~i.

m; .

                               -h f' ;33 k:%,4 - 3y a.
                           ~ ==
                ,.,..   =N h

p~..- .m A/g:tw$

                    +: M
              '[kN %

8. w%) m k.

  \,

r n!9 3 + u> I, t;t ,f' ;/

O

                                                                                                                                                                               /

Table G-17 Aquatic Nutrients, Bailly Study Area, November 1978 Statim 6s f.m (b 7s S h k ** D 10s 115 125 225 Il 14; lh 165 I75 Ih lh th 2li f 0."24 0.014 0.035 0.03R 0.015 i d4 0.C45 J D. 21 'f1 ' 53 9."47 1. ' t 1 4 'M' .3d .l l? ' .I'.' d t O.l '21 4 ^ ^i 0.026 0.038 0.043 0.042 0.0M 0.035 0. " 0.n36 C.059 0.C54 0.052 0.Ok3 ' 045 3.340 0.i"6 0.' d 0.159 0.l00 0. %0 v.C45 0.014 0.1% 0.13 0.14 0.1R 0.13 0.lR 0.16 0.16 0.16 0. : # 0.19 0.11 0.14 0.;2 0.39 0.29 0.31 0.07 C.07 0.C6 0.03 0.07 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.la G.12 0.1P 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.13 0.29 9.31 0.29 0.3i 0.07 0 C7 0.07 0.02 0.07 'S 0.i ' O.904 0.0P4 0.003 C.DE3 0.003 0

• 0.003 0.0C3 n.004 n.or4 0.cos 0.pos a.c11 c,c19 0 019 0.001 0.0C3 0 P' 0 nns 0o 4 ' 014 5 0. r :t 4 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.0E3 0.OC3 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.0gr g,ng; g , ,n 5 0.0 5 0.011 0.C19 0.011 0.C07 0.C"4 0 0U'4 4 0.'05 4 Obb'4 0. h4 0.18 0.30 0. l' 3 0.25 0.23 0.32 0 26 0.4i 0.31 0.32 0.64 0.34 0.44 0.5? D.?' O.33 0.47 0.40 1.c4 1.10 0.M 1.13 0.'" 0.28 0 .1 ". 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.36 0.49 0.43 0.33 0.t; 3.43 o 26 r 36 0.?4 0.21 c.33 0.41 0.63 0.99 0.9e 1.37

'?  0."cl     D.nn?  0.00? 0.003    0. r' ) 0.002 0.75 0.002 0.007 0. 0<.4 0.~" OM" o a'4 0. 0m              0.0n4   0.10'    0.006       0 Or?        0. c w n,co      c,cg3 c,917 O.On2     0.00,  0.00? 0.003 G.C02 0.008 0.002 0.002 0. Df 3 ' L n14 0.0C3 0.302 0.304 0.0 '             O.004   1. 0' 2  0. D' 6     0.09 0.0C2 0.004 0 13 0.Cl2
'2  C.rG3 0.0c6      0.00? 0.or5 0 : ^5     0.005 0.005 0.003 0 n03 c.Ons 0.C12 0.0/ 4 0.0c3 0.006           0.002    4.On?   G.N2        0.003 n.0l0 0.007             0. a ' C.n24
'6   0. r01 0.005   -0.002    0.0C5 0.0C4 0.007 0.0C2 0.003 0.010 e cc4 n.ecn c . ct' 7 c . ac ) O _ <M 3 9 rec      0.r 2 0 0'4           0.0::? C.019         0.t GH 0.C07 0.014 O.<1      0.?6  0.18     0.32  0.24    0.22  0 26   C.49  0.29  0.36   0.26   0.21     0.3A    2.22     2.26    3.30     3.16          1.62       0.75     0.78    0.09 17.9 0.21      0.26   0.34    0.32   0.23   0.20  L.29   0.55  0.28  C.Si   0.25   0.34     0. V. 2"      ?.27    3.29     1.14          1.59       U.74     0.7A    0.07 17.9 r

G-25/26 science services division k 1 v (c 2 i \f- 'k { #

o 1 1 0 00100 55 00 00 100 94 41 22 1 1 1 1 1 100 00 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 01 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 100 1 1 1 00 2 .

                 < < < < < < < < O0                                  < < 00 < < < < < < 00                                                          < <

1 1 88 0 100 1 55 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ;43 1 1 1 1 1 1 e 00 220000 00 00 00 00 1 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1 1 1 1 00 22 00 2 . . . .

                 < < < < < < < < 00                                  < <     00 < < << < < 00                                                       < <

1 88 1 1 55 00 00 00 00 1 1 1 1 66 88 00 00 1 1 4400 100 100 00 00 0000 1 1 1 22 9 00 00 00 00 1 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1 .

                 < < < < < < < < 00 << 00 < < << < < 00 < <

8 7 21 37 22 55 98 38 00 38 22 00 00 00 100 00 22 1 1 9 1 1 8 00 00 100 100 87 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 1 s r 00 < < < < < < 00 < < 00 0 < 00 00 00 < < i s e y b 21 33 m 1 55 1 1 37 1 84 00 93 47 11 22 la e 7 100 00 100 100 76 100 21 00 00 00 00 00 n v 1 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a o 00 < < < < < < 00 < < 00 0 < 00 00 00 < < o N t

        ,                                                                                       1                                   00                        r a         99 55           1 1                 23 100 32                   100        27                62                           22        o 1

e 1 6 00 00 00 100 00 00 00 00 00 22 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 1 41 00 21 43 00 1 1 00 i r r p h A 00 < < < < < < 00 < < 00 < < 00 00 00 < < . d . y e 21 11 t _ i d u t 5 1 04 55 71 00 00 00 00 00 1 1 39 59 69 670 00 11 1 100 1 22 00 99 00 22 20 55 00 00 77 132 00 00 1 1 2 00 00 22 t a n r n S s 00 < < 00 00 00 00 00 0 < 00 00 00 < < e c 8 i l l y 06 55 60 86 57 60 32 00 50 70 21 75 n o c e

                                                                                                                                                                                 ;e 1    a   4    88 00 01 00 00 00 32 09 81                  01        69 00 82 44 00 00 1 1            22 b                     _u B                                              1 2 00 22 00 08 44 00 00 h

1 G o

        ,       00 < < 00 00 00 00 00 0 < 00 00 00 < <                                                                                                      t e s                                                                                                                                                      d l

b a o T P d n 3 66 55 1 1 1 1 00 00 00 00 87 00 00 00 22 33 00 00 09 1 1 22 100 2 00 00 1 1 1 1 22 h l a e f,@ 1 00 00 00 00 1 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 p l a n e 00 < < < < < < 00 < < 00 <0 00 00 00 < < m a s u d u r e i l t a c p ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab t n o m u h% fk t a n e I R d n o O'u r e t e b s a I a a W s t s t t E E 2 R i t c 2 t 2 t n i / / / / / / g

                                                                                          /

g

                                                                                                    /

g

                                                                                                                      /

g

                                                                                                                                   /             /

g i m i n l/ l g g c g 9 i U m m m m m m m m m m m m l s y t t n i e l m i b e at l t c E c a er e t t c t n en d o a e c r l a m uy T v l l a l

• mb a a t a ind l l l a x t l e o a l t a t e o a l t t a o t i e t

o h t t o b u l a , t o t o l a t t o mr i r e t e m m u m u

                                  ,        t l

o s t t o s e y t t t o m u m

                                                                                                                                                     ,     leu b e q

e u i i r n r l i u ar m i m m e , , a u -- , n d i a m o o p n d g c k c e a rt @ P r a d C a C h r h C r C p o I o r L a a M n a M r e iN c i Z n l S e V n a VN ao

                                                                           ?y                                                                     mC.e$O #02.O0      .
                                                                                                                                                                               %iO3 1          . .^_

7. C O . ~

Table G-19 o Indicators of Industrial and Organic Contamination, Interdunal Ponds, Bailly Study Ar"a, November 1978 Parameter Units Replicate 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Bacteria, Fecal Coliform No./100 mt a <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 75 <1 25 b <1 <1 <l <l <l <l <l <1 25 Bacteria, Total Coliform No./100 me a 25 <1 <1 <1 425 500 125 <1 3'd b <1 <1 <1 <1 525 500 200 1 250 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/2 a 4 7 11 1 2 2 4 2 6 b 4 5 12 1 2 2 3 3 5 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/t a 4.7 20.3 23.4 5.0 10.1 10.1 26.5 26.4 46.9 b 4.9 20.4 23.4 4.9 10.1 10.5 26.5 26.4 47.9 Hexane Soluble ftaterials mg/t a <.1 <.1 <.1 <1 . <1

                                                                                                                          .     <.1    0.6    <.1    <.1 b      <.1           <.1         <.1            <.1           <.1    <.1    <.1    <.1    <.1 Total Organic Carbon          mg/t              a      5.9           5.4        11.9            7.3           4.1   10.1   31.6   13.0   36.5 6.2           5.9        14.4            5.9           6.9   10 0   28.0   12.3   28.1
        ?                                                  b E$ Phenols                       mg/t              a      <.005         <.005        <.005         <.005         <.005  <.005  <.005 < 005 <.005 b     < 005
                                                                    .           < 005
                                                                                  .          < 005
                                                                                               .           < 005
                                                                                                               .         < 005
                                                                                                                           .    < 005
                                                                                                                                  .    < 005 < 005 <.005 Methylene-blue active         mg/t              a      < 02
                                                                    .           < 02
                                                                                  .          < 02
                                                                                               .           < 02.         < 02
                                                                                                                           .    < 02
                                                                                                                                  .    <.02   <.02   <.02 substances                                       b     < 02          < 02
                                                                                  .          < 02
                                                                                               .           < 02.         < 02
                                                                                                                           .    < 02
                                                                                                                                  .    <.02     .02  <.02 a

0 o 3 o Q m _\ o .32 a ii (~ e Q p *c l p.-,- Y c pn b I n _ et

 -z
                                                           .- s
                                                                -. ~~       ,
                                                                                                 $;,.,II,*{

b l. q

  . ' ;;-                                                                       '/..    . , ,           .,

w. .a ~! ' fji ,;

     -,o                                                                                                         u d 'y W 3
           #                                                        9                                                                               e

O y) Table G-20 , Trace Element Concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) in Sediment Samples from Nearshore Ponds, Bailly Study Area, January 1978 Parameter Replicate 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Cadmium a 0.009 0.003 0.003 <.004 <.042 <.080 <.007 <.007 b 0.006 0.006 0.003 <.004 0.020 <.011 <.029 <.009 Chromium a <.003 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.042 <.080 <.027 <.007 b <.003 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.020 <.011 <.029 <.009 Copper jh a <.003 <.003 <.003 0.014 0.468 0.399 0.015 0.020

1. ~ b <.003 <.003 <.003 0.007 0.081 0.1 P,7 0.258 0.038 Iron C a 0.150 0.085 0.066 0.826 5.8 '.o 0.6 i 1.5 b 0.112 0.122 0.010 0.507 2.6 .8 43.8 1.8 Lead tr m q a 0.015 <.003 <.003 <.004 3.9 2.5 0.052 0.054 rA;) b 0.009 <.003 <.003 0.013 0.831 0.330 0.372 0.047 a Manganese a 0.380 0.120 0.076 <.004 5.7 39.7 1.1 0.992 L ,f. .,h b 0.212 0.088 0.199 <.003 5.5 0.989 7/.0 1.5 Mercury Lidi a 0.0025 0.0025 C.0007 0.0025 0.021 0.024 0.0015 0.003 L.m 7) b <.0003 0.0030 <.0003 0.0030 0.0081 0.0066 0.0200 0.004 Nickel h a <.003 <.003 <.003 <.004 0.127 <.080 c.007 0.014

f. ; &J b 0.019 0.009 c.003 <.003 <.020 0.022 < 029

                                                                                                       .     < 009 e ,

Se'2nium t: :m a <.0009 <.0009 <.0010 <.0010 0.025 0.024 <.0022 <.0020 t: -7 b <.0009 <.0009 <.0009 < . 0010 0.020 <.0033 0.0020 <.0028 3 Vanadium a 0.015 <.003 <.003 <.004 3.9) 2.5 0.052 0.054 E Zinc hM sm b a 0.009 0.309

                                                         <.003 0.047
                                                                   <.003 0.023 0.013 0.058 0.831 0.637 0.330 0.878 0.372 0.045 0.047 0.027 j                    b             b       0.121     0.063     0.018   0.017    0.365   0.110    1.5     0.047 o

o Phosphorus a 0.344 0.098 0.105 <.007 0.468 <.144 0.468 0.443 _n g b 0.403 0.098 0.i16 0.017 0.813 <.022 0.876 0.450 C 2 Percent Solids a 81.1 82.1 78.7 68.6 10.0 4.5 81.1 43.5 O g b 79.4 81.1 78.5 77.5 12.3 25.0 20.4 27.9 e

• Variable minimum detectability limits based on amount sample had to be concentrated prior to analysis, w 1

_m # o 3

     .}}