ML072150447

2007/08/03-LB Memorandum and Order (Ruling on Standing and Contentions of Petitioners North Carolina Waste Awareness and Reduction Network and Nuclear Information and Resource Service) (LBP-07-11)

ML072150447
Person / Time
Site:	Harris
Issue date:	08/03/2007
From:	Lam P, Mignerey A, Austin Young Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
To:
SECY RAS
References
07-855-02-LR-BD01, 50-400-LR, FOIA/PA-2008-0099, RAS 13956
Download: ML072150447 (72)

Text

LBP-07-11UNITED STATES OF AMERICARAS 13956NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIONDOCKETED 08/03/07ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANELBefore Administrative Judges: SERVED 08/03/07Ann Marshall Young, ChairDr. Peter S. LamDr. Alice MignereyIn the Matter of:CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT COMPANY(Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Unit 1)Docket No. 50-400-LRASLBP No. 07-855-02-LR-BD01 August 3, 2007MEMORANDUM AND ORDER(Ruling on Standing and Contentions of Petitioners North Carolina Waste Awareness andReduction Network and Nuclear Information and Resource Service)PageI.Introduction.............................................................2II.Background.............................................................3III.Board Ruling on Standing of Petitioner to Participate in Proceeding..................5IV.Standards for Admissibility of Contentions in License Renewal Proceedings..........11A.Regulatory Requirements and Commission Precedent on Contentions............11B. Scope of Subjects Admissible in License Renewal Proceedings.................161. Safety-Related Issues in License Renewal Proceedings....................172. Environmental Issues in License Renewal Proceedings.....................20V. Analysis and Rulings on Petitioners' Contentions...............................24A.Technical Contention T-1 [TC-1]: Noncompliance with Fire Protection Requirements.251. Petitioners' Basis for Contention TC-1..................................252. Positions of Applicant and NRC Staff on Contention TC-1...................303. Reply of Petitioners on Contention TC-1................................354. Board Ruling on Contention TC-1......................................36B.Environmental Contention EC-1: Failure to Address Aircraft Attacks..............461. Petitioners' Basis for Contention EC-1..................................472. Positions of Applicant and NRC Staff on Contention EC-1...................493. Reply of Petitioners on Contention EC-1................................524. Board Ruling on Contention EC-1.....................................53 1 The first of Petitioners' contentions, concerning fire protection issues, is identified as a"technical" contention, numbered "T-1," and also herein referred to as "TC-1." The remaining three are identified as "environmental" contentions, numbered "EC-1," "EC-2," and "EC-3."-2-C.Environmental Contention EC-2: Failure to Address Fire Impacts of Air Attacks.....551. Petitioners' Basis for Contention EC-2..................................552. Positions of Applicant and NRC Staff on Contention EC-2...................573. Reply of Petitioners on Contention EC-2................................574. Board Ruling on Contention EC-2......................................57D.Environmental Contention EC-3: Inadequacies in Evacuation Plan...............571. Petitioners' Basis for Contention EC-3..................................572. Positions of Applicant and NRC Staff on Contention EC-3...................613. Reply of Petitioners on Contention EC-3................................644. Board Ruling on Contention EC-3......................................64VI.Petitioners' Request for Backfits Relating to Air Attacks and Fires..................66VII.Petitioners' Motion for Stay................................................67VIII.Conclusi on and Order....................................................69I. IntroductionThis proceeding involves the application of Carolina Power and Light Company (CP&L)to renew the operating license for the Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Unit 1 (Shearon Harris or plant), located in New Hill, North Carolina, for an additional twenty-year period.

Petitioners North Carolina Waste Awareness and Reduction Network (NCWARN) and Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS), referred to collectively as Petitioners, have filed a request for hearing and petition to intervene in accordance with 10 C.F.R. § 2.309, in which they submit four contentions raising challenges in three principle areas of concern: allegednoncompliance with relevant fire protection requirements, failure to address the environmental impacts of possible aircraft attacks, and certain changes in circumstances that are asserted to render the current evacuation plan for the plant inadequate, in an environmental context.

1 (One 2 Harris Nuclear Plant License Renewal Application (ADAMS Accession No.ML063350270) [hereinafter Application], enclosed with Letter from Cornelius J. Gannon to U.S.

NRC (Nov. 14, 2006) (ADAMS Accession No. ML063350267).

3 Application at 1.1-1; see also Notice of Opportunity for Hearing, and Notice of Intent ToPrepare an Environmental Impact Statement and Conduct the Scoping Process for Facility Operating License No. NPF-63 for an Additional 20-Year Period[,] Carolina Power & LightCompany[,] Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Unit 1, 72 Fed. Reg. 13,139 (Mar. 20, 2007).

4 72 Fed. Reg. 13,139.

5 Petition for Leave to Intervene and Request for Hearing with Respect to Renewal ofFacility Operating License No. NPF-63 by [NCWARN] and [NIRS] (May 18, 2007) [hereinafter Petition].-3-of the contentions addresses the alleged combined environmental impact of the first twoconcerns.) Finally, Petitioners argue that certain backfits are required with regard to the first two areas of concern. In this Memorandum and Order we find that, while Petitioners have shown standing toparticipate in the proceeding, they have not submitted any admissible contentions at this time.

Therefore, as we are required to do under relevant law, we dismiss their petition and terminate this proceeding. We also address Petitioners' request for certain backfits to the plant, and a motion for stay made during oral argument held July 17, 2007. II. BackgroundCP&L's application requesting renewal of Operating License No. NPF-63 was received bythe NRC Staff on November 16, 2006.

2 The current operating license expires on October 24,2026; the requested renewal would extend the license for an additional 20-year period.

3 TheNRC published a notice of acceptance and docketing and opportunity for hearing regarding this license renewal application (LRA or Application) on March 20, 2007, 4 and on May 18, 2007, Petitioners timely filed a petition to intervene and request for hearing.

5 6 Memorandum from Annette L. Vietti-Cook to E. Roy Hawkens (May 25, 2007).

7 Establishment of Atomic Safety and Licensing Board (May 31, 2007).

8 Licensing Board Order (Regarding Schedule and Guidance for Proceedings) (June 5,2007) (unpublished).

9 NRC Staff Response to Petition for Leave to Intervene and Request for a Hearing filedby the [NCWARN] and the [NIRS] (June 18, 2007) [hereinafter Staff Response]; [CP&L's]

Answer to Petition for Leave to Intervene of NCWARN and NIRS (June 18, 2007) [hereinafter Applicant's Answer].

10 Petitioners' Reply to Opposition of CPL and NRC Staff to Petition for Leave toIntervene and Request for a Hearing (June 25, 2007) [hereinafter Petitioners' Reply].

11 Licensing Board Order (Regarding Oral Argument and Limited Appearance Session)(June 13, 2007) (unpublished).

See also Order (Regarding Oral Argument and LimitedAppearance Session) (June 26, 2007) (unpublished); Notice (Notice of Opportunity to Make Oral or Written Limited Appearance Statements) (June 26, 2007), 72 Fed. Reg. 36,516 (July 3, 2007); Order (Regarding Questions to Focus on in Oral Argument; Timing of Oral Argument)

(June 29, 2007) (unpublished) [hereinafter 6/29/07 Order (Regarding Questions)].

12 See Transcript at 1-186 (July 17, 2007) [hereinafter "Tr."].-4-On May 25, 2007, the Commission through its Secretary referred the Petition to the ChiefAdministrative Judge of the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel; 6 on May 31 this AtomicSafety and Licensing Board (Board) was established to preside over this adjudicatory proceeding; 7 and on June 5 the Board issued an order providing guidance for the proceeding.

8 On June 18, 2007, the NRC Staff and CP&L filed responses to the Petition, 9 and on June 25,2007, Petitioners filed a reply to these responses.

10 On June 13, 2007, the Board issued an order scheduling oral argument on the petition forJuly 17, 2007, as well as setting the evening of July 17 for a session to hear limited appearance statements pursuant to 10 C.F.R. § 2.315(a).

11 Thereafter, oral argument and the limitedappearance session were held in Raleigh, North Carolina, as scheduled.

12 Subsequently,following up on matters that arose at oral argument, Petitioners filed certain affidavits of their 13 Supplemental Declarations by Petitioners' Members (July 23, 2007) [hereinafterSupplemental Declarations].

14 Petitioners' Motion to Stay the Proceedings (July 20, 2007) [hereinafter Motion toStay].15 [CP&L's] Response in Opposition to NCWARN and NIRS Motion for Stay ofProceedings (July 20, 2007) [hereinafter Applicant Response to Motion to Stay]; NRC Staff Response to and Opposition to Motion to Stay the Proceedings (July 20, 2007) [hereinafter Staff Response to Motion for Stay];

see Tr. at 183.

16 42 U.S.C. § 2239(a)(1)(A) (2000).

17 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(d)(1) provides in relevant part that the Board shall consider threefactors when deciding whether to grant standing to a petitioner: the nature of the petitioner's right under the AEA to be made a party to the proceeding; the nature and extent of the petitioner's property, financial, or other interest in the proceeding; and the possible effect of any order that may be entered in the proceeding on the petitioner's interest. 10 C.F.R.

§ 2.309(d)(1)(ii)-(iv). The provisions of 10 C.F.R. § 2.309 were formerly found at 10 C.F.R.§ 2.714, prior to a major revision of the Commission's procedural rules for adjudications in 2004; thus, case law interpreting the prior section remains relevant.

See Changes toAdjudicatory Process, 69 Fed. Reg. 2182 (Jan. 14, 2004).

18 See, e.g., Yankee Atomic Elec. Co. (Yankee Nuclear Power Station), CLI-98-21, 48NRC 185, 195 (1998); Quivira Mining Co. (Ambrosia Lake Facility, Grants, New Mexico),(continued...)-5-members regarding authorization of NCWARN and NIRS to represent them in thisproceeding, 13 and a motion to stay, 14 to which the Applicant and NRC Staff have responded.

15III. Board Ruling on Standing of Petitioner to Participate in ProceedingA petitioner's standing, or right to participate in a Commission licensing proceeding, isderived from section 189a of the Atomic Energy Act (AEA), which requires the NRC to provide a hearing "upon the request of any person whose interest may be affected by the proceeding."

16 The Commission has implemented this requirement in its regulations at 10 C.F.R.

§ 2.309(d)(1).

17When determining whether a petitioner has established the necessary "interest" underCommission rules, licensing boards are directed by Commission precedent to look to judicial concepts of standing for guidance.

18 Under this authority, in order to qualify for standing 18(...continued)CLI-98-11, 48 NRC 1, 5-6 (1998); Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech ResearchReactor, Atlanta, Georgia), CLI-95-12, 42 NRC 111, 115 (1995).

19 Yankee, CLI-98-21, 48 NRC at 195 (citing Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env't, 523U.S. 83, 102-04 (1998); Kelley v. Selin, 42 F.3d 1501, 1508 (6th Cir. 1995)).

20 See id. at 195 (citing Wilderness Soc'y v. Griles, 824 F.2d 4, 11 (D.C. Cir. 1987)).

21 Id. at 195-196 (citing Ambrosia Lake Facility, CLI-98-11, 48 NRC at 6).

22 See Florida Power & Light Co. (St. Lucie Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1 and 2),CLI-89-21, 30 NRC 325, 329 (1989); Virginia Elec. and Power Co. (North Anna Nuclear PowerStation, Units 1 and 2), ALAB-522, 9 NRC 54, 56 (1979) ("close proximity [to a facility] has always been deemed to be enough, standing alone, to establish the requisite interest" to confer standing); Florida Power & Light Co. (Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Plants, Units 3 and 4),LBP-01-06, 53 NRC 138, 146-50 (2001).-6-a petitioner must "allege [1] a concrete and particularized injury that is (2) fairly traceable to thechallenged action and (3) likely to be redressed by a favorable decision" - three criteria commonly referred to as "'injury in fact,' causality, and redressability."

19 The requisite injurymay be either actual or threatened, 20 but must arguably lie within the "zone of interests"protected by the statutes governing the proceeding - here, either the AEA or the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

21 Additionally, Commission case law has established a"proximity presumption," whereby an individual may satisfy these standing requirements by demonstrating that his or her residence or activities are within the geographical area that might be affected by an accidental release of fission products, and in proceedings involving nuclear power plants this area has been defined as being within a 50-mile radius of such a plant.

22An organization that wishes to establish standing to intervene may do so by demonstratingeither organizational standing or representational standing. To establish organizationalstanding it must show that the interests of the organization will be harmed by the proposed licensing action, while an organization seeking representational standing must demonstrate that 23 See Yankee, CLI-98-21, 48 NRC at 195.

24 See GPU Nuclear, Inc. (Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station), CLI-00-6, 51 NRC193, 202 (2000).

25 Georgia Tech Research Reactor, CLI-95-12, 42 NRC at 115.

26 See Petition at 5-7; Attachment 1 to Petition, Declarations for NCWARN; Attachment2 to Petition, Declaration for NIRS.

27 Applicant's Answer at 2-3; see also Staff Response at 6 ("the Declarations fail tosupport representational standing . . . by failing to authorize representation in the license renewal proceeding"). the interests of at least one of its members will be so harmed.

23 To establish suchrepresentational standing, an organization must: (1) show that at least one of its members may be affected by the licensing action and, accordingly, would have standing to sue in his or her own right; (2) identify that member by name and address; and (3) show that the organization is authorized to request a hearing on behalf of that member.

24Finally, in evaluating and ruling on a petitioner's standing to intervene in an NRCadjudicatory proceeding, we are to "construe the petition in favor of the petitioner."

25Petitioners assert representational standing on behalf of seven individuals, each of whomprovided affidavits stating their name, occupation, address, proximity to the facility, concerns regarding the Shearon Harris license renewal, and affiliation with either NCWARN or NIRS (six from NCWARN and one from NIRS). Each of the seven affiants lives within fifteen miles of the plant: two within seven miles, four within eight miles, and one within fifteen miles.

26Both Applicant and the NRC Staff argue that Petitioners fail to establish representationalstanding because they have not "demonstrate[d] that they are authorized to represent the members whose affidavits are attached to the Petition."

27 According to Applicant and the Staff,the affidavits must specifically "state that [the affiants] authorize Petitioners to represent them in 28 Applicant's Answer at 3; see also Staff Response at 7 ("[t]he Declarations do not statethat the Declarants have requested or authorized NIRS or NC WARN to represent them in this proceeding").

29 Applicant's Answer at 3 n.1.

30 Petitioners' Reply at 3-4.

31 Id. at 3 n.3.-8-this proceeding."

28 In addition, Applicant asserts that Petitioners fail to establish organizationalstanding because they do not "allege a particularized injury that is fairly traceable to the license renewal, nor have they demonstrated how a decision regarding the license renewal would redress those concerns."

29In their Reply Petitioners assert, in response to the NRC Staff and Applicant's argumentregarding representational standing, that the Petition [o]n its face . . . clearly states that the Petitioners bring this action on behalf of theirmembers, and that those members, including the affiants, would be significantly and adversely impacted by the relicensing of the [Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant]. Thesestatements clearly demonstrate that these members have authorized the organization to represent his or her interests and meets the requirements for representational standing.

30If, however, Petitioners assert, the term "'authorized' is deemed to be a mandatory word forstanding in this proceeding, then [they] request leave to amend the[ir] Petition to include it."

31With respect to Applicant's argument that Petitioners fail to establish organizationalstanding, Petitioners contend that they satisfy each of the required criteria: injury in fact, causality, and redressability. Regarding injury, they state the members of NCWARN and NIRS live within fifteen miles of the Shearon Harris plant. Regarding causality, they assert that continued operation of the plant "while it is out of compliance with serious safety regulations, along with the inability for the affiants and all other members of the public, to safely evacuate them and their families, is directly traceable to the potential of serious accidents now and in the 32 Id. at 4.33 Id. at 4.34 Virginia Elec. & Power Co. (North Anna Power Station, Units 1 and 2), ALAB-146, 6AEC 631, 633-34 (1973).-9-future[]."

32 Finally, regarding redressability, they aver that, "if Petitioners receive [a] favorabledecision, and the plant is not relicensed, then the concerns by the affiants and Petitioners are directly addressed."

33We agree with Petitioners that it is implicit in their Petition and accompanying affidavits thatthe seven affiants are authorizing NCWARN and NIRS to represent their interests and participate in this proceeding on their behalf. By providing signed affidavits - which state their affiliation with either NCWARN or NIRS and their particular concerns relating to the Shearon Harris license renewal - it is clear that the affiants, each of whom live well within the 50-mile radius of the plant, are giving their assent to Petitioners' representing their interests in this proceeding.There is no support in either Commission or federal case law for the assertion put forth byApplicant and Staff that, in order to successfully demonstrate representational standing, the precise word "authorize" must appear in the supporting affidavits. Case law is clear that, while there must be "strict observance of the requirements governing intervention, in order that the adjudicatory process is invoked only by those persons who have real interests at stake and who seek resolution of concrete issues[,] . . . . it is not necessary to the attainment of that goal that interested persons be rebuffed by the inflexible application of procedural requirements."

34 Similarly, the federal courts have rejected the "approach that pleading is a game of skill in which one misstep by counsel may be decisive to the outcome, and accept the principle that the 35 Wilson v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 838 F.2d 286, 289-90 (8th Cir. 1988).

36 Given our ruling finding representational standing on the part of Petitioners, we find itunnecessary to decide the issue of organizational standing.

37 Virginia Elec. & Power Co., ALAB-146, 6 AEC at 633; see also U.S. Army (JeffersonProving Ground Site) (Feb. 24, 2000) (unpublished) (providing opportunity to cure defective hearing request that did not identify any member by name or address or indicate that any member authorized the particular organization to represent it).

38 Tr. at 6-7; Supplemental Declarations.-10-purpose of pleading is to facilitate a proper decision on the merits."

35 Thus, while Petitionerswould have been better served to include a precise statement of authorization, their failure to do so in this instance is not fatal to their claim of standing, and we find that Petitioners NCWARN and NIRS have demonstrated representational standing to intervene in this proceeding.

36Even if, however, we were to conclude that such failure on the part of Petitioners renderstheir Petition defective, we find that such a defect is readily curable. In Virginia Electric andPower Company, the Appeal Board found that a petition, which "was not submitted under oathand did not state expressly the manner in which the petitioner's interest would be affected by the proceeding," was a defect that "may be readily curable."

37 Here, the defect is far lesssevere in that all that is arguably missing from Petitioners' initial pleading is the word "authorize," an element they were able to provide quite readily after requesting and receivingthe Board's permission therefor.

38 39 See , e.g., Entergy Nuclear Generation Co. and Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc.(Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station), LBP-06-23, 64 NRC 257, 272-74 (2006), aff'd CLI-07-3, 65NRC 13, reconsid. denied, CLI-07-13, 65 NRC 211 (2007); PPL Susquehanna, LLC(Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Units 1 and 2), LBP-07-4, 65 NRC 281, 302-12 (2007).

An Appendix to the Pilgrim decision provides a more detailed summary of relevant case lawon contention admissibility than that found in this Memorandum and Order. See Pilgrim

,LBP-06-23, 64 NRC at 351-59.

40 See 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(a). 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1) states that:(1) A request for hearing or petition for leave to intervene must set forthwith particularity the contentions sought to be raised. For each contention, the request or petition must:(i) Provide a specific statement of the issue of law or fact to be raised orcontroverted; (ii) Provide a brief explanation of the basis for the contention; (iii) Demonstrate that the issue raised in the contention is within thescope of the proceeding;(iv) Demonstrate that the issue raised in the contention is material to thefindings the NRC must make to support the action that is involved in the proceeding;(v) Provide a concise statement of the alleged facts or expert opinionswhich support the requestor's/petitioner's position on the issue and on which the petitioner intends to rely at hearing, together with references to the specific sources and documents on which the requestor/petitioner intends to rely to support its position on the issue; and(vi) Provide sufficient information to show that a genuine dispute existswith the applicant/licensee on a material issue of law or fact. This information must include references to the specific portions of the application (including the applicant's environmental report and safety report) that the petitioner disputes and the supporting reasons for each dispute, or, if the petitioner believes that the application fails to contain information on a relevant matter as required by law, the identification of each failure and the supporting reasons for the petitioner's belief.-11-IV. Standards for Admissibility of Contentions in License Renewal ProceedingsA. Regulatory Requirements on ContentionsAs has previously been noted in a number of NRC adjudication proceedings, 39 to intervenein an NRC proceeding, a petitioner must, in addition to demonstrating standing, submit at least one contention meeting the requirements of 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1).

40 Failure of a contention to 41 See Private Fuel Storage, L.L.C. (Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation),CLI-99-10, 49 NRC 318, 325 (1999); Arizona Pub. Serv. Co. (Palo Verde Nuclear GeneratingStation, Units 1, 2, and 3), CLI-91-12, 34 NRC 149, 155-56 (1991).

42 Rules of Practice for Domestic Licensing Proceedings - Procedural Changes in theHearing Process, 54 Fed. Reg. 33,168, 33,168 (Aug. 11, 1989); see also Duke Energy Corp.(Oconee Nuclear Station, Units 1, 2, and 3), CLI-99-11, 49 NRC 328, 334 (1999).

43 Dominion Nuclear Conn., Inc. (Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Units 2 and 3),CLI-01-24, 54 NRC 349, 358 (2001) (quoting Oconee, CLI-99-11, 49 NRC at 334).

44 See 69 Fed. Reg. at 2182.

45 For example, the current version of the rules no longer incorporates provisionsformerly found at 10 C.F.R. §§ 2.714(a)(3), (b)(1), which permitted the supplementation of petitions and the filing of contentions after the original filing of petitions. Under the current rules, contentions must be filed with the original petition within 60 days of notice of the proceeding in the Federal Register, unless a longer period is therein specified, an extension isgranted, see Louisiana Energy Services, L.P. (National Enrichment Facility), CLI-04-25, 60NRC 223, 224 (2004), reconsid. denied, CLI-04-35, 60 NRC 619, 625 (2004); 69 Fed. Reg. at2200; or the contentions meet certain criteria for late-filed or new contentions based on information that is available only at a later time, see 10 C.F.R. §§ 2.309(b)(3)(iii), (c), (f)(2).

46 In this connection we note that a challenge to the new rules by several public interestgroups was rejected in the case of Citizens Awareness Network, Inc. v. NRC [CAN v. NRC]

,391 F.3d 338 (1st Cir. 2004), on the basis that the new procedures "comply with the relevant provisions of the [Federal Administrative Procedure Act (APA)] and that the Commission has furnished an adequate explanation for the changes." Id. at 343; see id. at 351, 355.-12-meet any of the requirements of § 2.309(f)(1) is grounds for its dismissal.

41 Heightenedstandards for the admissibility of contentions originally came into being in 1989, when the Commission amended its rules to "raise the threshold for the admission of contentions."

42 TheCommission has stated that the "contention rule is strict by design," having been "toughened

. . . in 1989 because in prior years 'licensing boards had admitted and litigated numerous contentions that appeared to be based on little more than speculation.'"

43 More recentamendments to the NRC procedural rules, which went into effect in 2004, 44 put into placevarious additional restrictions 45 and changes to provisions relating to the hearing process.

46 They do, however, contain essentially the same substantive admissibility standards for contentions.

47 Oconee, CLI-99-11, 49 NRC at 334.

48 Id. (citations omitted).

49 69 Fed. Reg. at 2189-90.-13-The Commission has explained that the "strict contention rule serves multiple interests."

47 These include the following (quoted in list form):First, it focuses the hearing process on real disputes susceptible of resolution in anadjudication. For example, a petitioner may not demand an adjudicatory hearing to attack generic NRC requirements or regulations, or to express generalized grievances about NRC policies.Second, the rule's requirement of detailed pleadings puts other parties in the proceedingon notice of the Petitioners' specific grievances and thus gives them a good idea of the claims they will be either supporting or opposing.Finally, the rule helps to ensure that full adjudicatory hearings are triggered only bythose able to proffer at least some minimal factual and legal foundation in support of their contentions.

48In its Statement of Consideration adopting the most recent revision of the rules, theCommission reiterated the same principles that were previously applicable; namely, that "[t]he threshold standard is necessary to ensure that hearings cover only genuine and pertinent issues of concern and that the issues are framed and supported concisely enough at the outset to ensure that the proceedings are effective and focused on real, concrete issues."

49 Additionalguidance with respect to each of the requirements of subsections (i) through (vi) of § 2.309(f)(1) is found in NRC case law, familiarity with which can be significant to the matter of whether a petitioner's contention will be admitted or denied.Because our rulings on the contentions submitted by Petitioners rest on subsections (iii),(iv), and (vi) of 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1), we focus in this section of our Memorandum on some of the guidance relating to these provisions to be found in relevant NRC case law. Under subsection (iii), a contention must allege facts "sufficient to establish that it falls directly within 50 Arizona Pub. Serv. Co. (Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station, Units 1, 2, and 3),LBP-91-19, 33 NRC 397, 412 (1991), rev'd in part on other grounds, CLI-91-12, 34 NRC 149(1991).51 See Duke Power Co. (Catawba Nuclear Station, Units 1 and 2), ALAB-825, 22 NRC785, 790-91 (1985); Pub. Serv. Co. of Indiana (Marble Hill Nuclear Generating Station, Units 1and 2), ALAB-316, 3 NRC 167, 170-71 (1976); see also Commonwealth Edison Co. (ZionStation, Units 1 and 2), ALAB-616, 12 NRC 419, 426-27 (1980); Commonwealth Edison Co.(Carroll County Site), ALAB-601, 12 NRC 18, 24 (1980).

52 10 C.F.R. § 2.335(a).

53 Philadelphia Elec. Co. (Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station, Units 2 and 3),ALAB-216, 8 AEC 13, 20 (1974).-14-the scope of [a proceeding],"

50 and is not cognizable unless it is material to matters that fallwithin the scope of the proceeding for which the licensing board has been delegated jurisdiction.

51 (We discuss the scope of license renewal proceedings specifically, in sectionIV.B below.) Also, a contention that challenges any Commission rule is outside the scope of the proceeding because, absent a waiver, "no rule or regulation of the Commission . . . is subject to attack . . . in any adjudicatory proceeding."

52 Similarly, any contention that amountsto an attack on applicable statutory requirements must be rejected by a licensing board as outside the scope of the proceeding.

53 A petitioner may, however, within the adjudicatorycontext submit a request for waiver of a rule under 10 C.F.R. § 2.335, and outside the adjudicatory context file a petition for rulemaking under 10 C.F.R. § 2.802 or a request that the NRC Staff take enforcement action under 10 C.F.R. § 2.206.Under 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(iv), a petitioner must "[d]emonstrate that the issue raised inthe contention is material to the findings the NRC must make to support the action that is involved in the proceeding," and the standards defining the "findings the NRC must make to support" a license renewal are set forth at 10 C.F.R. § 54.29 (which we discuss in our ruling below on Contention TC-1).

54 54 Fed. Reg. at 33,170; Millstone, CLI-01-24, 54 NRC at 358.

55 54 Fed. Reg. at 33,170; Palo Verde, CLI-91-12, 34 NRC at 156.

56 See Texas Utils. Elec. Co. (Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station, Unit 2),LBP-92-37, 36 NRC 370, 384 (1992).

57 See Florida Power & Light Co. (Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Plant, Units 3 and4), LBP-90-16, 31 NRC 509, 521 & n.12 (1990).-15-On the requirement of 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(vi) that a petitioner "provide sufficientinformation to show . . . a genuine dispute . . . with the applicant . . . on a material issue of law or fact," the Commission has stated that the petitioner must "read the pertinent portions of the license application, including the Safety Analysis Report and the Environmental Report, state the applicant's position and the petitioner's opposing view," and explain why it disagrees with the applicant.

54 If a petitioner does not believe these materials address a relevant issue, thepetitioner is to "explain why the application is deficient."

55 A contention that does not directlycontrovert a position taken by the applicant in the application is subject to dismissal.

56 Forexample, an allegation that some aspect of a license application is "inadequate" or "unacceptable" does not give rise to a genuine dispute unless it is supported by facts and a reasoned statement of why the application is unacceptable in some material respect.

57 In addition, the requirements at 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(iv), (vi) are related to the "scope"requirement of 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(iii), because if an issue is not within the scope of a proceeding, then it is also necessarily not material, either legally or factually, at the contention admissibility stage of the proceeding.

58 See , e.g., Pilgrim, LBP-06-23, 64 NRC at 274-80.

59 10 C.F.R. § 54.31(b) provides that:[a] renewed license will be issued for a fixed period of time, which is the sum ofthe additional amount of time beyond the expiration of the operating license (not to exceed 20 years) that is requested in a renewal application plus the remaining number of years on the operating license currently in effect. The term of any renewed license may not exceed 40 years.10 C.F.R. § 50.51(a) states in relevant part that "[e]ach [original] license will be issued for afixed period of time to be specified in the license but in no case to exceed 40 years from date of issuance."

60 See Florida Power & Light Co. (Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Plant, Units 3 and4), CLI-01-17, 54 NRC 3, 6-13 (2001); see also Duke Energy Corp. (McGuire Nuclear Station,Units 1 and 2, Catawba Nuclear Station, Units 1 and 2), CLI-02-26, 56 NRC 358, 363-65 (2002); Dominion Nuclear Conn., Inc. (Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Units 2 and 3),LBP-04-15, 60 NRC 81, 90, aff'd, CLI-04-36, 60 NRC 631 (2004); Florida Power & Light Co

.(Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Plant, Units 3 and 4), CLI-00-23, 52 NRC 327, 329 (2000);

Baltimore Gas & Elec. Co. (Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1 and 2), CLI-98-14, 48NRC 39, 41, motion to vacate denied, CLI-98-15, 48 NRC 45 (1998); Duke Energy Corp.(Oconee Nuclear Station, Units 1, 2 and 3), CLI-98-17, 48 NRC 123, 125 (1998).-16-B. Scope of Subjects Admissible in License Renewal ProceedingsAs noted in previous NRC proceedings, 58 Commission regulations and case law address insome detail the scope of license renewal proceedings, which generally concern requests to renew 40-year reactor operating licenses for additional 20-year terms.

59 The regulatoryauthority relating to license renewal is found at 10 C.F.R. Parts 51 and 54. Part 54 concerns the "Requirements for Renewal of Operating Licenses for Nuclear Power Plants," and addresses safety-related issues in license renewal proceedings. Part 51, concerning "Environmental Protection Regulations for Domestic Licensing and Related Regulatory Functions," addresses, among other things, the environmental aspects of license renewal.

The Commission has interpreted these provisions in various adjudicatory proceedings, probably most extensively in a decision in the 2001 Turkey Point proceeding.

60 61 10 C.F.R. § 54.4(a) describes those "systems, structures, and components" that arewithin scope as: (1) Safety-related systems, structures, and components which are those reliedupon to remain functional during and following design-basis events (as defined in 10 CFR 50.49(b)(1)) to ensure the following functions--

(i) The integrity of the reactor coolant pressure boundary; (ii) The capability to shut down the reactor and maintain it in a safe shutdown condition; or (iii) The capability to prevent or mitigate the consequences of accidents which could result in potential offsite exposures comparable to those referred to in

§ 50.34(a)(1), § 50.67(b)(2), or § 100.11 of this chapter, as applicable.

(2) All nonsafety-related systems, structures, and components whose failure could prevent satisfactory accomplishment of any of the functions identified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section.

(3) All systems, structures, and components relied on in safety analyses or plant evaluations to perform a function that demonstrates compliance with the Commission's regulations for fire protection (10 CFR 50.48), environmental qualification (10 CFR 50.49), pressurized thermal shock (10 CFR 50.61),

anticipated transients without scram (10 CFR 50.62), and station blackout (10 CFR 50.63).

62 See Final Rule, Nuclear Power Plant License Renewal; Revisions, 60 Fed. Reg.22,461, 22,463 (May 8, 1995).-17-1. Safety-Related Issues in License Renewal ProceedingsVarious sections of Part 54 speak to the scope of safety-related issues in license renewalproceedings. First, 10 C.F.R. § 54.4, titled "Scope," specifies the plant systems, structures, and components that are within the ambit of Part 54.

61 Sections 54.3 (containing definitions), 54.21(addressing technical information to be included in an application and further identifying relevant structures and components), and 54.29 (stating the "Standards for issuance of a renewed license") provide additional definition of what is encompassed within a license renewal review, which considers aging-management issues and some "time-limited aging analyses" that are associated with the functions of relevant plant systems, structures, and components.

62 Applicants must "demonstrate how their programs will be effective in managing the effects of 63 Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 8 (quoting 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,462).

64 Id. at 7.65 Id.66 Id. at 9. "Current licensing basis" (CLB) is defined as follows at 10 C.F.R. § 54.3:Current licensing basis (CLB) is the set of NRC requirements applicable to aspecific plant and a licensee's written commitments for ensuring compliance with and operation within applicable NRC requirements and the plant-specific design basis (including all modifications and additions to such commitments over the life of the license) that are docketed and in effect. The CLB includes the NRC regulations contained in 10 CFR Parts 2, 19, 20, 21, 26, 30, 40, 50, 51, 54, 55, 70, 72, 73, 100 and appendices thereto; orders; license conditions; exemptions; and technical specifications. It also includes the plant-specific design-basisinformation defined in 10 CFR 50.2 as documented in the most recent final safety analysis report (FSAR) as required by 10 CFR 50.71 and the licensee's commitments remaining in effect that were made in docketed licensing correspondence such as licensee responses to NRC bulletins, generic letters, and enforcement actions, as well as licensee commitments documented in NRC(continued...)-18-aging during the proposed period of extended operation," at a "detailed . . . 'component andstructure level,' rather than at a more generalized 'system level.'"

63The Commission in Turkey Point stated that, in developing 10 C.F.R. Part 54 beginning inthe 1980s, it sought "to develop a process that would be both efficient, avoiding duplicative assessments where possible, and effective, allowing the NRC Staff to focus its resources on the most significant safety concerns at issue during the renewal term."

64 Noting that the "issuesand concerns involved in an extended 20 years of operation are not identical to the issues reviewed when a reactor facility is first built and licensed," the Commission found that requiring a full reassessment of safety issues that were "thoroughly reviewed when the facility was first licensed" and continue to be "routinely monitored and assessed by ongoing agency oversight and agency-mandated licensee programs" would be "both unnecessary and wasteful."

65 Nordid the Commission "believe it necessary or appropriate to throw open the full gamut of provisions in a plant's current licensing basis to re-analysis during the license renewal review."

66 66(...continued)safety evaluations or licensee event reports.The Commission has also described the CLB concept in its Turkey Point decision, as follows:["CLB" is] a term of art comprehending the various Commission requirementsapplicable to a specific plant that are in effect at the time of the license renewal application. . . . The [CLB] represents an "evolving set of requirements and commitments for a specific plant that are modified as necessary over the life of a plant to ensure continuation of an adequate level of safety." 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,473. It is effectively addressed and maintained by ongoing agency oversight, review, and enforcement.Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 9; see also 10 C.F.R. §§ 54.29, 54.30.

67 Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 7.

68 Id. at 7-8.-19-The Commission chose, rather, to focus the NRC license renewal safety review "upon thosepotential detrimental effects of aging that are not routinely addressed by ongoing regulatory oversight programs," which it considered "the most significant overall safety concern posed by extended reactor operation."

67 The Commission in Turkey Point described some of the"Detrimental Effects of Aging and Related Time-Limited Issues" as follows:By its very nature, the aging of materials "becomes important principally during theperiod of extended operation beyond the initial 40-year license term," particularly since the design of some components may have been based explicitly upon an assumed service life of 40 years.

See [Final Rule, Nuclear Power Plant License Renewal, 56 Fed.Reg. 64,943, 64,946 (Dec. 13, 1991)];

see also [60 Fed. Reg. at 22,479]. Adverse agingeffects can result from metal fatigue, erosion, corrosion, thermal and radiation embrittlement, microbiologically induced effects, creep, and shrinkage. Such age-related degradation can affect a number of reactor and auxiliary systems, including the reactor vessel, the reactor coolant system pressure boundary, steam generators, electrical cables, the pressurizer, heat exchangers, and the spent fuel pool. Indeed, a host of individual components and structures are at issue. See 10 C.F.R.§ 54.21(a)(1)(i). Left unmitigated, the effects of aging can overstress equipment, unacceptably reduce safety margins, and lead to the loss of required plant functions, including the capability to shut down the reactor and maintain it in a shutdown condition, and to otherwise prevent or mitigate the consequences of accidents with a potential for offsite exposures.

68The Commission has also described the focus of license renewal review as being on "plantsystems, structures, and components for which current [regulatory] activities and requirements 69 Id. at 10 (quoting 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,469) (alteration in original).

70 Id. at 10 n.2.

71 Id.72 Id. at 10.73 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(C) (2000); see Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council, 490U.S. 332, 348 (1989).-20-may not be sufficient to manage the effects of aging in the period of extended operation."

69 Anissue can be related to plant aging and still not warrant review at the time of a license renewal application, if the issue is "adequately dealt with by regulatory processes" on an ongoing

basis.70 For example, if a structure or component is already required to be replaced "atmandated, specified time periods," it would fall outside the scope of license renewal review.

71Finally, the Commission has stated that "[a]djudicatory hearings in individual license renewalproceedings will share the same scope of issues as our NRC Staff review, for our hearing process (like our Staff's review) necessarily examines only the questions our safety rules make pertinent."

722. Environmental Issues in License Renewal ProceedingsRegulatory provisions relating to the environmental aspects of license renewal arise out ofthe requirement that NEPA places on Federal agencies to "include in every recommendation or report on . . . major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, a detailed statement by the responsible official on [ ] the environmental impact of the proposed action."73 As has been noted by the Supreme Court, the "statutory requirement that a federalagency contemplating a major action prepare such an environmental impact statement [EIS]

serves NEPA's 'action-forcing' purpose in two important respects":It ensures that the agency, in reaching its decision, will have available, and will carefullyconsider, detailed information concerning significant environmental impacts; it also guarantees that the relevant information will be made available to the larger audience 74 Robertson, 490 U.S. at 349 (citations omitted). The Court also noted that "NEPA itselfdoes not mandate particular results, but simply prescribes the necessary process. . . . If the adverse environmental effects of the proposed action are adequately identified and evaluated, the agency is not constrained by NEPA from deciding that other values outweigh the environmental costs." Id. at 350 (citations omitted). As the Court also observed, in thecompanion case of Marsh v. Oregon Natural Resources Council, 490 U.S. 360, 371 (1989), "byfocusing Government and public attention on the environmental effects of proposed agency action," NEPA "ensures that the agency will not act on incomplete information, only to regret its decision after it is too late to correct."

75 See , e.g., 10 C.F.R. § 51.70(b), which states among other things that "[t]he NRC staffwill independently evaluate and be responsible for the reliability of all information used in the draft environmental impact statement."

76 See 10 C.F.R. § 51.41.-21-that may also play a role in both the decisionmaking process and the implementation ofthat decision.

7410 C.F.R. Part 51 contains NRC's rules relating to and implementing relevant NEPArequirements, and § 51.20(a)(2) requires that the NRC Staff prepare an EIS for issuance or renewal of a nuclear reactor operating license. Other sections relating to license renewal include, most significantly, 10 C.F.R. §§ 51.53(c), 51.95(c), and 51.103(a)(5), and Appendix B to Subpart A.Although the requirements of NEPA are directed to Federal agencies and thus the primaryduties of NEPA fall on the NRC Staff in NRC proceedings, 75 the initial requirement to analyzethe environmental impacts of an action, including license renewal, is directed to applicants under relevant NRC rules.

76 Accordingly, § 51.53(c) requires a license renewal applicant tosubmit with its application an environmental report (ER), which must "contain a description of the proposed action, including the applicant's plans to modify the facility or its administrative control procedures as described in accordance with § 54.21," and "describe in detail the 77 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(2);

see id. § 51.53(c)(1).

78 See 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(i).

79 See NUREG-1437, Generic Environmental Impact Statement for License Renewal ofNuclear Plants (May 1996) [hereinafter GEIS]; Final Rule, Environmental Review for Renewal of Nuclear Power Plant Operating Licenses, 61 Fed. Reg. 28,467 (June 5, 1996), amended by 61Fed. Reg. 66,537 (Dec. 18, 1996); 10 C.F.R. Pt. 51, Subpt. A, App. B n.1.

80 Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 11.

81 Id. at 11 (citing 10 C.F.R. Pt. 51, Subpt. A, App. B).-22-modifications directly affecting the environment or affecting plant effluents that affect theenvironment."

77The ER is not required to contain analyses of environmental impacts identified as"Category 1," or "generic," issues in 10 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart A, Appendix B, Table B-1.

78 The basis of this is the Commission's 1996 "Generic Environmental Impact Statement for License Renewal of Nuclear Plants" (GEIS), adopted as required under 10 C.F.R. § 51.95(c).

The GEIS is an extensive study of the potential environmental impacts of extending the operating licenses for nuclear power plants, which was published as NUREG-1437 and provides data supporting the table of Category 1 and 2 issues in Appendix B.

79 Issuance of the1996 GEIS was part of an amendment of the requirements of Part 51 undertaken by the Commission to establish environmental review requirements for license renewals "that were both efficient and more effectively focused."

80Issues on which the Commission found that it could draw "generic conclusions applicable toall existing nuclear power plants, or to a specific subgroup of plants," were, as indicated above, identified as "Category 1" issues.

81 This categorization was based on the Commission'sconclusion that these issues involve "environmental effects that are essentially similar for all plants," and thus they "need not be assessed repeatedly on a site-specific basis, 82 Id. at 11.83 Even though a matter would normally fall within a Category 1 issue, ERs are alsorequired to contain "any new and significant information regarding the environmental impacts of license renewal of which the applicant is aware," under 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(iv). The Commission has, however, ruled that such information is not a proper subject for a contention, absent a waiver of the rule at 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(i) that Category 1 issues need not be addressed in a license renewal. See Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 12; Pilgrim ,LBP-06-23, 64 NRC at 288, 294-300; Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC, and EntergyNuclear Operations, Inc. (Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station), LBP-06-20, 64 NRC 131,155-59 (2006), aff'd, CLI-07-3, 65 NRC 13, reconsid. denied, CLI-07-13, 65 NRC 211 (2007). The Pilgrim and Vermont Yankee decisions have been appealed to the United States Court ofAppeals for the First Circuit in Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. NRC, Docket Nos. 07-1482and 07-1493 (1st Cir.).

84 Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 11 (citing 10 C.F.R. Pt. 51, Subpt. A, App. B).

85 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(ii).

86 Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 11.-23-plant-by-plant."

82 Thus, under 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(i), license renewal applicants may in theirsite-specific ERs refer to and adopt the generic environmental impact findings found in Appendix B, Table B-1, for all Category 1 issues.

83Applicants must, however, address environmental issues for which the Commission was notable to make generic environmental findings.

84 An ER must "contain analyses of theenvironmental impacts of the proposed action, including the impacts of refurbishment activities, if any, associated with license renewal and the impacts of operation during the renewal term,"

for those issues listed at 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(ii) and identified as "Category 2," or "plant specific," issues in Table B-1.

85 These issues are characterized by the Commission asinvolving environmental impact severity levels that "might differ significantly from one plant to another," or impacts for which additional plant-specific mitigation measures should be considered.

86 For example, the "impact of extended operation on endangered or threatenedspecies varies from one location to another," according to the Commission, and is thus included 87 Id. at 12.88 10 C.F.R. Pt. 51, Subpt. A, App. B, Table B-1 (Postulated Accidents); see 10 C.F.R.§ 51.53(c)(3)(ii)(L). This requirement arises out of "NEPA's demand that an agency prepare a detailed statement on 'any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented,' 42 U.S.C. § 4332(C)(ii)," implicit in which "is an understanding that the EIS will discuss the extent to which adverse effects can be avoided." Robertson, 490 U.S.at 351-52. The basis for the requirement is that "omission of a reasonably complete discussion of possible mitigation measures would undermine the 'action-forcing' function of NEPA.

Without such a discussion, neither the agency nor other interested groups or individuals can properly evaluate the severity of the adverse effects." Id. at 352.89 See 10 C.F.R. § 51.95(c).

90 See Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 12 (citing 10 C.F.R. §§ 51.70, 51.73-.74).

91 10 C.F.R. § 51.103(a)(5).-24-within Category 2.

87 Another example is the requirement that "alternatives to mitigate severeaccidents must be considered for all plants that have not [previously] considered suchalternatives."

88 Again, although the initial requirement falls upon an applicant, the ultimateresponsibility lies with the NRC Staff, who must address these issues in a SupplementalEnvironmental Impact Statement (SEIS) 89 that is specific to the particular site involved andprovides the Staff's independent assessment of the Applicant's ER.

90Finally, § 51.103 defines the requirements for the "record of decision" relating to anylicense renewal application, including the standard that the Commission, in making such a decision pursuant to Part 54, "shall determine whether or not the adverse environmental impacts of license renewal are so great that preserving the option of license renewal for energy planning decisionmakers would be unreasonable."

91V. Analysis and Rulings on Petitioners' ContentionsWith the preceding context regarding contention admissibility requirements and licenserenewal scope principles in mind, we turn now to the Petitioners' contentions, discussing eachin turn. While some raise questions of interest in other contexts, and one involves issues that 92 Petition at 18-19.

93 Id. at 19 (quoting NUREG-1150, Vol. 2, App. C, Severe Accident Risks: AnAssessment for Five U.S. Nuclear Power Plants, at C-128 (Oct. 1990) (internal quotation marks omitted)).

94 NUREG-1150, Vol. 2, App. C at C-128; see also Petition at 19.-25-may warrant further action in the future, none meets all of the admissibility requirementsdiscussed in Section IV supra. Accordingly, as we explain below, all must be denied.A.Technical Contention T-1 [TC-1]: Noncompliance with Fire Protection Requirements. Petitioners in their first contention state:Given that the [Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant] has been out of compliance sinceat least 1992 with requirements to maintain the post-fire safe shutdown systems of the reactor that minimize the probability and effects of fires and explosions as required in its Current License Basis and is not expected to come into compliance until approximately 2015 or later, extending into the license renewal period, and given that in the event of a significant fire, continued non-compliance can lead to the loss of the operators' ability to achieve and maintain hot standby/shutdown conditions further resulting in significant accidental release of radiation and posing a severe threat to public health and safety, it is therefore imprudent and improper to even consider extending the operating license for the [plant] for an additional 20 years until the plant comes into full compliance with all relevant fire protection regulations.

921.Petitioners' Basis for Contention TC-1In support of this contention Petitioners emphasize the risks of and from a fire at a nuclearpower plant, citing an NRC report for the statement that "based on plant operating experiences over the last 20 years . . . typical nuclear power plants will have three to four significant fires over their operating lifetime."

93 According to the report, fires are "significant contributor[s] to theoverall core damage frequency," among other things because, "like many other external events, a fire event not only acts as an initiator but can also compromise mitigating systems because of its common-cause effect[ ]."

94Citing the Application at Section 2.3.3.31, Petitioners note that "certain types of fire barriers"are described therein, and assert that these "include extensive applications of inoperable fire 95 Petition at 19-20.

96 Id. at 20. The acronym ASTM arises out of its origin as the American Society forTesting and Materials. Various NRC regulatory documents refer to ASTM standards, including, e.g., NUREG-0800, Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports forNuclear Power Plants, which refers to ASTM E-119 in Appendix I at I-245 and Appendix II at II-

751.97 Id. at 20, 9-10.

98 Id. at 20.99 Petition at 21. Petitioners cite the following Commission statement from its 1991rulemaking on license renewal for the "basic principle" they rely on:With the exception of age-related degradation unique to license renewal andpossibly some few other issues related to safety only during extended operation,(continued...)-26-barrier systems consisting of Thermo Lag, Hemyc and MT," materials which "were originallydesignated for the fire protection of electrical cables and conduits vital to the post fire safe shutdown systems."

95 Petitioners contend that "subsequent fire tests" have established that"these fire barrier systems do not provide the level of required fire protection on standardized time and temperature industry fire tests under ASTM [standard] E119."

96 Petitioners argue thatNRC regulations, including 10 C.F.R. Part 50, § 50.48; Appendix A, General Design Criterion 3; and Appendix R, § III.G, III.J, and III.O, "mandate that nuclear power station operatorsphysically protect emergency backup electrical systems, such as power, control and instrumentation cables, that are used to remotely shut down the reactor from the control room,"

in addition to physical protections tested under ASTM standards and modified as necessary to assure compliance.

97 Petitioners also cite NUREG-0800, Standard Review Plan for the Reviewof Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants, § 9.5.1, in support of their argument on fire protection requirements and capacity to shut down the reactor.

98Urging that "[o]ne of the basic principles in the relicensing of a nuclear power plant is thatthe plant is substantially in compliance with all relevant regulations,"

99 Petitioners argue that the 99(...continued)the regulatory process is adequate to ensure that the licensing bases of all currently operating plants provide and maintain an acceptable level of safety for operation so that operation will not be inimical to public health and safety or common defense and security.Id. at 8 (citing 56 Fed. Reg. at 64,946).

100 Id. at 21.101 Id. at 21-22 (citing "Delaying with Fire: The Shearon Harris Nuclear Plant and 14Years of Fire Safety Violations" (Sept. 20, 2006)).

102 Id. at 22. Petitioners also refer to, and incorporate by reference, various documentsrelating to the § 2.206 petition in support of this petition and contention, including the following (with their ADAMS accession numbers from the NRC document management system, "ADAMS," available on NRC's public website at www.nrc.gov): § 2.206 Petition, AccessionNos. ML062640550 and ML062830089; Transcript of Proceedings of Petition Review Board (Nov. 13, 2006) [hereinafter 11/13/06 Review Board Transcript], ML063210488; § 2.206 PetitionSupplements, ML062980107, ML063200168, ML063450098, and ML070510497; CarolinaPower & Light Co. (Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Unit 1) (Apr. 2, 2007) ("ProposedDirector's Decision"), ML070780537; and Petitioners' Response to Proposed Director's Decision, ML071230046.-27-"presumption that the regulatory system works is a rebuttable presumption" and that, as theplant at issue "has been out of compliance since 1992 . . . there is absolutely no reasonableassurance against cable and conduit fires and consequential impairment of the ability of the plant to safely operate, and in particular, to safely shutdown [sic] and maintain the reactor in emergency situations."

100 In support of this argument, Petitioners cite a September 20, 2006,report prepared by themselves and others that sets forth a history and documentation of the plant's noncompliance and failure to fulfill various promises to come into compliance with relevant fire protection requirements.

101Petitioners also refer to an enforcement petition that they and others submitted to the NRCpursuant to 10 C.F.R. § 2.206 (§ 2.206 Petition), seeking immediate shutdown of the plant, maximum fines for all violations, and investigation of the fire protection problems.

102 Petitionersagreed with an April 2, 2007, Proposed Director's Decision to the extent that it concluded that 103 Petition at 22.

104 Id. at 22 n.9; see also Carolina Power & Light Co. (Shearon Harris Nuclear PowerPlant, Unit 1), DD-07-03 (June 13, 2007)

[hereinafter Final Director's Decision] (ADAMSAccession No. ML071500403).

105 Petition at 23 (quoting 11/13/06 Review Board Transcript at 49).

106 Id. at 23.-28-the plant was indeed out of compliance with the fire regulations, but objected "to the Director'sproposed conclusion that the NRC staff was adequately enforcing these regulations."

103 Theyexpected that the Final Director's Decision would be available by the time of any hearing in this proceeding, and it was in fact later issued, on June 13, 2007.

104Referring to a November 13, 2006, Petition Review Board meeting on their § 2.206 Petition,Petitioners quote the following comments of NRC Nuclear Reactor Regulation Fire Protection Branch Chief Sunil Weerakkody:This is Sunil Weerakkody. For Sharon [sic] Harris and all other plants that aretransitioning to 805 [National Fire Protection Association or NFPA 805] we have a revised inspection procedure. And at a high level what I can say is, we have told inspectors to focus on the fire inspection infrastructure, like for example when inspectors go, you have the fire brigade, you have the suppression systems you know, and if the plant is transitioning to 805, in areas where we have basically said, our position is that they are not in compliance, we enable them to transition. In other words, there is no reason to go and reinspect things like operator manual actions where we believe that the licensee is not in compliance.

105Petitioners argue that "the showing of noncompliance and lack of further inspection clearlyrebuts any presumption that the plant is operating safely."

106 They also note that CongressmanDavid Price from the State of North Carolina has requested the Government Accountability Office to investigate the "same issues that are at the heart of this contention," namely:(1) the frequency and causes of recent fire emergencies at U.S. nuclear powerplants; (2) the adequacy and acceptable duration of interim compensatory 107 Id. at 23-24 (citing Letter from Congressman David Price to David M. Walker,Comptroller General of the United States (May 11, 2007), Attachment 3 to Petition).

108Id. at 23 n.11.

109 Id. at 24.110 Id. at 2-5; 7-17.

111 Petition at 2 (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 2133(d)).-29-measures; and (3) whether the transition to risk-based fire safety standards hasled to an over-reliance on such measures during the transition period.

107Petitioners project that the results of this study will be available at any evidentiary hearing thatmight be held in this proceeding.

108Asserting that CP&L "has relied on inoperable and inadequate fire safety systems for atleast fifteen years at the [Shearon Harris plant] and has indicated that it may resolve some of the fire protection problems by 2015 or later," Petitioners argue that this subjects people living in the vicinity of the plant to "severe and undue risks" and that therefore, "as a matter of law, the decision on the relicensing of the [plant] should be denied until the plant is fully in compliance with the fire regulations."

109Petitioners support all of their contentions including TC-1 with additional argument in anIntroduction section of the Petition, as well as a section thereof entitled "Statutory and Regulatory Framework."

110 In their introduction, Petitioners observe that the AEA "prohibits theNRC from issuing a license to operate a nuclear power plant if it would be 'inimical to the common defense and security or to the health and safety of the public.'"

111 In the "Framework"section, Petitioners concede that "the AEA does not set a safety standard for license renewal,"

stating as well that the "Commission generally interprets the AEA to require that it 'must have "reasonable assurance" that public health and safety are not endangered by its licensing 112 Id. at 8 (citing Petition for Emergency and Remedial Action, CLI-78-6, 7 NRC 400,404 (1978) (citing Power Reactor Development Co. v. Int'l Union of Elec., Radio and Mach.Workers, AFL-CIO, 367 U.S. 396, 402 (1961))).

113 Id. (citing 56 Fed. Reg. at 64,946).

114 Id. at 8.115 Id. at 8, 9.116 Applicant's Answer at 11-16; Staff Response at 14-17.-30-actions.'"

112 Recognizing that the Commission has determined that the "regulatory process"serves to "ensure that [plants' CLBs] provide and maintain an acceptable level of safety for operation so that operation will not be inimical to public health and safety or common defense and security,"

113 Petitioners note that "[t]hus, other than with respect to aging issues and issuesthat arise when significant new information becomes available, the NRC does not inquire into safety issues in the license renewal process but presumes that the current regulatory process is adequate."

114 As indicated above, however, Petitioners view this as a presumption that is"rebuttable if it is shown that the current regulatory process is not adequate to protect public health and safety or if the plant is not in compliance with the relevant regulations or provisions of its license," and provide a timeline of events they argue "clearly shows that despite numerous notices by the NRC staff about the failures of fire barriers and the need to comply with the Section III.G.2. standards, [CP&L] has not done so."

1152.Positions of Applicant and NRC Staff on Contention TC-1Both the Applicant and NRC Staff view Contention TC-1 as inadmissible because it isoutside the scope of this license renewal proceeding and fails to demonstrate a genuine dispute with the Application on a material issue of law or fact.

116Applicant argues that the contention is "beyond the scope of the proceeding because itdoes not relate to the potential effects of aging, which define the scope of the safety review in 117 Applicant's Answer at 12 (citing Millstone, CLI-04-36, 60 NRC at 637);

see id. at 12-13 (citing Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 7-8 (2001); McGuire, CLI-02-26, 56 NRC at 363).

118 Id. at 13 (citing 56 Fed. Reg. at 64,945-46; 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,473; Turkey Point

,CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 7-8).

119 Id. at 13-14 (alteration in original) (quoting Georgia Institute of Technology (GeorgiaTech Research Reactor, Atlanta, Georgia), LBP-95-6, 41 NRC 281, 305, vacated andremanded CLI-95-10, 42 NRC 1 (1995).

120 Id. at 14 & n.7 (citing Proposed Director's Decision; Final Director's Decision).

121 Id. at 14.122 Id. at 14 n.8 (citing Millstone, CLI-04-36, 60 NRC at 639).-31-license renewal proceedings,"

117 and that it instead concerns the plant's current licensing basis.118 Further, Applicant argues, the contention is "not supported by a sufficient basisdemonstrating a genuine dispute with the Application," in that Petitioners fail to provide (1) "a 'concise statement of the alleged facts or expert opinions' supporting Contention [TC-1],"

(2) "references to 'specific sources and documents on which the requestor/petitioner intends to rely to support its position on the issue,' as required by 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(i) and (v)," and (3) "'the [technical] analyses and expert opinion' or other information 'showing why its bases support its contention.'"

119With respect to Petitioners' contention and the Proposed Director's Decision under10 C.F.R. § 2.206, Applicant states that the proposed decision "in no way supports their claims" and in any event has been "superseded by a final Director's Decision."

120 "None of [Petitioners']documents reference or relate to any portion of the Application or explain how the Application is deficient," insists Applicant, nor does Congressman Price's letter "suggest[ ] any problem with the Application, or with Harris' fire protection program."

121 Nor, Applicant argues, canPetitioners or this Board rely on a "potential future GAO Report," the content of which is unknown.122 123 Applicant's Answer at 14-15 & 15 n.9.

124 Id. at 15 & n.11 (citing Final Director's Decision at 19; 10 C.F.R. § 2.206(c)).

125 Id. at 15 (citing 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(vi); Duke Energy Corp. (McGuire NuclearStation, Units 1 and 2, Catawba Nuclear Station, Units 1 and 2), LBP-02-4, 55 NRC 49, 80 (2002); Millstone, CLI-01-24, 54 NRC at 359-60).

126 Id. at 15 (citing Calvert Cliffs, CLI-98-14, 48 NRC at 41; Private Fuel Storage, L.L.C.(Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation), LBP-98-7, 47 NRC 142, 180 (1998).-32-Applicant asserts that Petitioners' § 2.206 Petition "involve[s] only the current licensing basisof Harris and Petitioners' attack on the Commission's fire protection regulations[,] how the NRCenforces those regulations," and "the Commission's approach to risk-based and performance-based fire protection."

123 Noting that the Final Director's Decision "rejects all of Petitioners'claims," Applicant argues that "Petitioners cannot attempt to collaterally attack the Final Director's Decision and re-litigate it in this proceeding," nor does this Licensing Board have jurisdiction to review it.

124 Moreover, Applicant urges, Petitioners have failed to point to specificportions of the Application "that are either deficient or do not comply with the Commission's regulations," or relate the content of their § 2.206 Petition to the Application.

125Finally, Applicant suggests that Petitioners have not "asserted that the alleged non-compliance with fire protection regulations described in the 2.206 Petition (and rejected by the Acting Director) constitutes a genuine dispute of fact in regard to whether Harris' license should be renewed, as required by Commission case law."

126 Therefore, according to Applicant,(1) "Contention [TC-1] is not material to this proceeding"; (2) "the resolution of the alleged dispute between Petitioners and Licensee would not make a difference in the outcome of thelicense renewal proceeding"; (3) Petitioners "have not demonstrated fault with the Application 127 Id. at 16 (quoting 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(vi)).

128 Staff Response at 14 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Petition at 3).

129 Id.130 Id. (citing Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 10).

131 Id. at 15 (citing Petition at 21, 8).-33-supported by sufficient basis"; and (4) the contention "must be rejected" because "[a] 'genuinedispute' does not exist 'with the applicant/licensee on a material issue of law or fact.'"

127The NRC Staff, quoting the Petitioners' characterizations of this contention as that "the [Shearon Harris plant] is currently not in compliance with fire protection regulations" and that the issues they raise in the contention are "the same" as those involved in their § 2.206 petition for enforcement action, urges that Petitioners' own assessment demonstrates "that the contention pertains to compliance with fire protection regulations under current operations, rather than license renewal."

128 Thus, Staff argues:The Petition fails to demonstrate that the issue raised in the contention is within thescope of this license renewal proceeding; fails to demonstrate that the issue raised in the contention is material to the findings the NRC must make to support the license renewal action; and fails to provide sufficient information to show that a genuine dispute exists with the applicant/licensee on a material issue of law or fact in this proceeding.

129According to the Staff, the contention "is plainly outside the scope of the proceeding as itdoes not raise any aspect of the applicants' aging management review," and, "[i]n particular, it fails to show that current compliance with fire protection requirements is material to the findings the NRC must make for granting or denying license renewal."

130The Staff challenges Petitioners' assertion that the "principle . . . that [a plant seekingrelicensing] is substantially in compliance with all relevant regulations" is a "rebuttablepresumption," stating that "the Petitioners offer absolutely no case [or regulatory] authority" for such argument.

131 In addition, Staff argues, "[t]o the extent the Petition argues that a 132 Id. at 17 (citing 10 C.F.R. § 2.335(a)).

133 Id. at 15-16 & n.21 (quoting 56 Fed. Reg. at 64,961; 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,463, 22,474).

134 Staff Response at 16 (quoting 56 Fed. Reg. at 64,961).

135 Id. at 16 (citing 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,482).-34-'rebuttable presumption' exists, it is an impermissible challenge to the Commission's rules, andcannot be used to support a contention in license renewal."

132Moreover, noting that the 1991 rulemaking was not the Commission's most recentstatement on license renewal, Staff points out that the Commission did nonetheless then state explicitly that the license renewal rule "does not require submission of information relating to the adequacy of, or compliance with, the current licensing basis," and that in its later 1995 license renewal rulemaking it reaffirmed that "the conclusions . . . for the previous . . . rule remain valid" and that "special verification of CLB compliance in connection with the review of a license renewal application is unnecessary."

133More specifically, Staff observes, the Commission stated in 1991 that "Section 54.29, whichdefines the standard for issuance of a renewed license, does not require a finding regarding the adequacy of, or compliance with, the plant's licensing basis."

134 Even though it believed thisguidance was clear, Staff says the Commission "decided to improve the rule," narrowing

§ 54.29 to the findings to be made for issuance of a renewed license, and adding § 54.30 "to address the licensee's responsibilities for addressing safety matters under its current license that are not within the scope of the renewal review" and "minimize any possibility of misinterpreting the scope of the renewal."

135 Regarding compliance with a plant's currentlicensing basis, the Staff quotes the following language from the 1995 rulemaking:The Commission does not contend that all reactors are in full compliance with theirrespective CLBs on a continuous basis. Rather, as discussed in the SOC for the previous rule, the regulatory process provides reasonable assurance that there is 136 Id. at 16-17 (quoting 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,473-74).

137 Id. at 16 (citing Petition at 10, 23, 24).

138 Id. at 17.139 Petitioners' Reply at 5-6.

140 Id. at 7-8 (citing NUREG-1800, Rev. 1, Standard Review Plan for Review of LicenseRenewal Application for Nuclear Power Plants (2005) [hereinafter NUREG-1800 or SRP])

(emphasis provided by Petitioner) (ADAMS Accession No. ML052110007).-35-compliance with the CLB. The NRC conducts its inspection and enforcement activitiesunder the presumption that non-compliances will occur.

136Therefore, Staff insists, "any argument regarding the continued violation of the plant'scurrent licensing basis is not material to the findings the NRC must make[, and] as such, the Petitioners' argument fails the materiality requirement of 10 C.F.R. 2.309(f)(1)(iv)."

137 "Accordingly," Staff argues, "inasmuch as Contention TC-1 addresses current compliance and fails to raise a matter that is properly within the scope of this license renewal proceeding, it is not admissible under license renewal and should be rejected."

1383.Reply of Petitioners on Contention TC -1Petitioners in reply argue that this, like their other contentions, has a legal basis, as well asa "brief and concise explanation that is supported by competent evidence, readily available documents, alleged facts and/or proposed expert testimony," none of which has been questioned.

139 In addition, they refer to a portion of the NRC Staff's 2005 license renewalreview plan, as follows: In addition to the technical information required by 10 CFR 54.21, a license renewalapplication must contain general information (10 CFR 54.19), necessary technical specification changes (10 CFR 54.22), and environmental information (10 CFR 54.23).

The application must be sufficiently detailed to permit the reviewers to determine(1) whether there is reasonable assurance that the activities authorized by the renewedlicense will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB and (2) whether anychanges made to the plant's CLB to comply with 10 CFR Part 54 are in accord with the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and NRC regulations.

140 141 Petitioners' Reply at 8.

142 Id.143 Id. at 11.144 Id. at 12.-36-From this, Petitioners draw the conclusion that the Staff's review "therefore needs to look atpast noncompliances, present status and time lines to correct the problems."

141 Petitionersassert that, in addition to the Shearon Harris plant not currently being in compliance with fire protection regulations, CP&L has provided "no demonstration or firm commitment that the SHNPP will come into compliance with these regulations in the near future, during the remainder of its present license period or during the license extension period."

142On the materiality of this and their other contentions, Petitioners state:

Each of the contentions are [sic] material in that [they] go directly to the most crucial,and at the same time unresolved, threats to public health and safety from the continuing operation of the [Shearon Harris plant]. The NRC simply cannot make its ultimatedetermination that the [plant] can be operated safely and protective of public health and safety during license extension without resolving the issues raised in each contention.

143Petitioners also ask to have the Final Director's Decision on their § 2.206 petitionincorporated by reference into their current petition in this proceeding, arguing that the "findings of the Director are relevant to the relicensing as they show that the [Shearon Harris plant] has been out of compliance with the fire regulations since 1989 and that there is no time line for it to come into compliance."

1444.Board Ruling on Contention TC-1Although we find that this contention raises a significant issue, under relevant law we furtherfind that we must deny its admission as outside the scope of this license renewal proceeding.

The Commission in the Turkey Point proceeding interpreted its license renewal rules to theeffect that a plant's CLB is "effectively addressed and maintained by ongoing agency oversight, 145 Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 9, 10; see also discussion supra Section IV.B.1.

146 See South Carolina Elec. & Gas, Co. (Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Station, Unit 1),ALAB-710, 17 NRC 25, 28 (1983) ("licensing boards are bound to comply with [Commission adjudicatory decisions], whether they agree with them or not").

147 See Final Director's Decision at 7.

148 Tr. at 170-71.-37-review and enforcement," and that "[i]ssues . . . which already are the focus of ongoingregulatory processes - do not come within the NRC's safety review at the license renewal stage."145 This case law constitutes binding precedent on this licensing board in any case thatis not distinguishable from it, absent higher binding legal authority to the contrary.

146We have learned in this proceeding that the Final Director's Decision, which to ourknowledge the Commission has not elected to review, requires the Applicant to file, by June

2008, 147 the application it has stated it intends to file, 148 to amend its license pursuant to 10C.F.R. § 50.48(c)(2)(vii) (which permits licensees that "wish to use performance-based methods for [certain] fire protection program elements and minimum design requirements" to apply for license amendments to allow for such use in lieu of other fire protection requirements). We are also aware, as discussed supra at Section IV.B.1 of this Memorandum and as pointed out byStaff, that 10 C.F.R. § 54.29 sets the "Standards for issuance of a renewed license."Taking into account these two factors (the requirement to file a license amendmentapplication by June 2008 and the standards set forth in § 54.29), we would observe that, if the application in question is filed timely as required in the Final Director's Decision, this would, in keeping with the Commission's language quoted above from Turkey Point, seem to allow for"ongoing agency oversight" and "regulatory processes" to address the question whether, as required under 10 C.F.R. § 54.29(a), the Applicant has identified "actions [to be taken that are related to aging] such that there is reasonable assurance that the activities authorized by the 149 See License Renewal Review Schedule, found on the NRC website athttp://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/licensing/renewal/applications/harris.html (last visitedAug. 2, 2007). We note that the schedule in question is preceded by the following language:These schedules reflect work plans that are subject to change. Early completionof a milestone may affect the target date of future milestones. Subsequent meetings and comment periods may change based on the revised schedule.

This work plan will be updated on a periodic basis. Please see the NRC Public Meetings Page or contact the listed [Project Manager] for the latest information on meetings and status.-38-renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB" - provided that theStaff in its license renewal review indeed looks at whether any new proposed fire protection program effectively addresses all relevant aging issues. This would seem to be a reasonable expectation, given that the Staff's review of the current license renewal Application is projected to continue through 2008, and the Commission's action on it into 2009.

149 In thesecircumstances, we find that Contention TC-1 is outside the scope of license renewal and thus does not meet the requirement of 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(iii).Our denial of Contention TC-1 does not necessarily mean, however, that issues relating tofire protection at the Shearon Harris plant can never be addressed by Petitioners in an adjudication proceeding. The Applicant's license amendment application regarding any proposed new fire protection program should produce an opportunity to petition to intervene in that license amendment proceeding and file contentions regarding any challenges Petitioners might have to the Applicant's new proposed fire protection program. In addition, given the timing of the Staff's and Commission's review of the current license renewal application, there exists the possibility that the license amendment application might also trigger another opportunity to petition to intervene in the license renewal now at issue, if appropriate and 150 See Dominion Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. (Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Units 2and 3), CLI-05-24, 62 NRC 551 (2005); Millstone, LBP-05-16, 62 NRC 56 (2005); Millstone ,CLI-04-36, 60 NRC 631 (2004); Millstone, LBP-04-15, 60 NRC 81 (2004).

151 In this regard, a related question indeed arises, how any license renewal could beviable when the current fire protection system referred to in the renewal application has been brought into question and no appropriate and legally authorized alternative system has been put in place.

See Tr. at 178-83. We note that, while Applicant's counsel challenged Petitioners'characterization of the plant as being in "noncompliance," and the Director's Final Decision on the Petitioners' § 2.206 petition discusses various past, present, and future efforts of the Applicant to compensate for and otherwise address problems, the Decision also makes repeated direct and implied references to the Applicant's "noncompliances."

See , e.g., FinalDirector's Decision at 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13. Reviewing the currently-configured system asto aging issues would not seem to satisfactorily address all relevant aging issues - i.e., thoseapplicable to a future system that is now unknown, and which as a result cannot now be reviewed with regard to aging issues, at least in any complete or unequivocal manner.-39-adequate contentions are timely and properly submitted under relevant requirements including,e.g., 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(c), (f)(1), (f)(2).

150If, on the other hand, the Applicant fails to file its intended license amendment application intime to allow for an aging review of any new proposed fire protection system, this would raise a significant question whether, as required under 10 C.F.R. § 54.29(a), the "actions . . . identified and . . . taken [on aging issues]" would in fact be "such that there is reasonable assurance that the activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB," at least with regard to fire protection systems, structures and components subject to aging review.

151 Such a reading and application of the rule is supported by thefollowing statement of the Commission in its most recent rulemaking on license renewal (made in the context of discussing the non-applicability of the backfit rule in license renewal and an industry request to require a consideration of the costs of aging management in license renewal):[T]he Commission sees no justification for requiring a consideration of costs amongalternative aging management programs. The renewal process is designed such that arenewal applicant proposes the alternatives it believes manages the effects of aging for those structures and components defined by the rule. The NRC staff has theresponsibility of reviewing the applicant's proposals and determining whether they are 152 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,490-91 (emphasis added). We note that we became aware ofthis language only after the July 17 oral argument, while reviewing the 1995 license renewal rulemaking, no party, including the Staff through its counsel, having brought it to our attention before or during oral argument.

153 See Petitioners' Reply at 7-8.

154 NUREG-1800 at 1 (emphasis added). We are also mindful of certain additionallanguage from NUREG-1800 at 4.7-1 that could also lead a reasonable reader to conclude that, while the "adequacy of the measures for the term of the current license is not within the scopeof the license renewal review" (emphasis added), the adequacy of such measures for the termof a renewal period might well be within the scope of license renewal.We note as well, to the contrary, the suggestion made by Staff and Applicant at oralargument (after the parties had been directed to focus their oral arguments regarding Contention TC-1 on certain defined questions including the "reasonable assurance" issue , see6/29/07 Order (Regarding Questions) at 1-2) to the effect that NUREG-1800 needs to be read in the context of the scoping process the Staff goes through with regard to any license renewal application, which involves first determining what systems, structures, and components need to

be reviewed with respect only to aging-related issues.

See Tr. at 102-05; 113-18. In thisregard, however, we would observe that Chapter 2 of the same document, entitled "Scoping and Screening Methodology for Identifying Structures and Components Subject to Aging Management Review and Implementation Results," also contains numerous instances of language that, while clearly addressed to the scoping process, suggests that, even if the Staff's ultimate, most detailed review is on aging issues related to those systems, structures and components that are identified as being "within the scope of license renewal," its actual review process includes more than merely looking at aging issues.For example, NUREG-1800 contains references to the Staff's "review" of "the NRC'ssafety evaluation report (SER) that was issued along with the operating license for the facility,"

and various parts of the plant's Updated Final Safety Analysis Report (UFSAR) and Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA), in addition to "the applicant's docketed correspondence(continued...)-40-adequate such that there is reasonable assurance that activities authorized by therenewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB. TheCommission believes that this license renewal review must necessarily be performedwithout regard to cost.

152This statement, which in fact concludes the Commission's Statement of Consideration on its1995 rulemaking, is consistent with a similar statement, pointed out to us by Petitioners 153 andfound in the Introduction to the Staff's Standard Review Plan for License Renewal, that "[t]heapplication must be sufficiently detailed to permit the reviewers to determine (1) whether thereis reasonable assurance that the activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB . . . ."154 154(...continued)related to . . . 10 C.F.R. 50.48, 'Fire Protection.'" NUREG-1800 § 2.1.3, at 2.1-2 and 2.1-3.

Another example of what a Staff reviewer "should review" is that of "relevant sources of information" to "identify the set of plant-specific conditions of normal operation, DBAs, external events, and natural phenomena for which the plant must be designed to ensure [functions including] . . . [t]he capability to shut down the reactor and maintain it in a safe shutdown condition." Id. § 2.1.3.1.1, at 2.1-5.More importantly, however, as is stated in both the Introduction to NUREG-1800 and bythe Commission in the 1995 license renewal rulemaking at 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,490-91 (seesupra text accompanying note 152), the Staff would seem undisputedly to have somemeaningful level of "responsibility" to determine whether the Applicant's proposals on aging-related actions are "adequate such that there is reasonable assurance that activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB." And this is relevant to our consideration herein, not in any sense to second-guess how the Staff performs its functions, see Carolina Power & Light Co. (Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1, 2,3, and 4), CLI-80-12, 11 NRC 514, 516 (1980), but because, as indicated above, the Commission has stated that the issues in a license renewal adjudicatory proceeding "share thesame scope of issues as our NRC Staff review

." Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 10(emphasis added).

155 Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 10 (emphasis added); see supra Section IV.B.1,at pp. 19-20.-41-Given the Commission's indication that "[a]djudicatory hearings in individual license renewalproceedings will share the same scope of issues as our NRC Staff review

,"155 it would seemreasonable to suppose that, if the Staff has the "responsibility of reviewing the applicant's proposals and determining whether they are adequate such that there is reasonable assurance that activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB," as stated by the Commission in 1995, this would likewise be within the scope of a license renewal adjudication proceeding, at least when "ongoing regulatory processes" fail to address a relevant issue - as would be the case if the Staff did not review any new proposed fire protection system with regard to aging issues. For it is undisputed, as stated in the 156 See Application § 2.3.3.31, at 2.3-116.

157 See id. at 2.3-117 to 2.3-118.

158 56 Fed. Reg. at 64,961; see Staff Response at 16.

159 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,473-74; see Staff Response at 16-17.

160 See supra text accompanying note 152; 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,490-91.

161 See supra at pp. 37-41. By comparison, two fundamental rules of statutoryconstruction are that a "statute's provisions should be read to be consistent with one another, rather than the contrary," United Steelworkers of America, AFL-CIO-CLC v. North Star SteelCo., Inc., 5 F.3d 39, 43 (3d Cir. 1993), and "that 'a statute ought, upon the whole, to be soconstrued that, if it can be prevented, no clause, sentence, or word shall be superfluous, void, or insignificant,'" TRW, Inc. v. Andrews, 534 U.S. 19, 31 (2001) (quoting Duncan v. Walker, 533U.S. 167, 174 (2001) (internal quotation marks omitted)).-42-Application at issue, that the fire protection system is within the scope of license renewal 156 andcontains components that require an aging review.

157To be sure, we are aware of the Commission's 1991 statement, pointed out to us by theStaff, that "Section 54.29, which defines the standard for issuance of a renewed license, does not require a finding regarding the adequacy of, or compliance with, the plant's licensing basis."158 And we note the additional statements pointed out to us by Applicant and Staff,including the Commission's indication in 1995 that "the regulatory process provides reasonableassurance that there is compliance with the CLB."

159 But we cannot ignore the Commission'sconcluding remarks to its 1995 Statement of Consideration, which we quote above.

160 And,significantly, if we analyze the two statements from the 1995 rulemaking together, we see that they can in fact be read to be consistent with each other, as well as with § 54.29 and Turkey Point, in the manner we discuss above, regarding "ongoing regulatory processes" and the"reasonable assurance" requirement.

161Of course, the rule itself, which has the force of law, prevails over guidance documentssuch as the Commission's rulemaking Statements of Consideration and the Staff's Standard 162 10 C.F.R. § 54.29 provides as follows:§ 54.29 Standards for issuance of a renewed license.A renewed license may be issued by the Commission up to the full termauthorized by 54.31 if the Commission finds that:(a) Actions have been identified and have been or will be taken withrespect to the matters identified in Paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section, such that there is reasonable assurance that the activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB, and that any changes made to the plant's CLB in order to comply with this paragraph are in accord with the Act and the Commission's regulations. These matters are:(1) managing the effects of aging during the period of extended operationon the functionality of structures and components that have been identified to require review under § 54.21(a)(1); and(2) time-limited aging analyses that have been identified to require reviewunder § 54.21(c).(b) Any applicable requirements of Subpart A of 10 CFR Part 51 havebeen satisfied.(c) Any matters raised under § 2.335 have been addressed.

163 We note also the provision at subsection (c) of § 54.29 referring to 10 C.F.R. § 2.335,which provides for a petition for waiver of a rule if "special circumstances with respect to the subject matter of the particular proceeding are such that the application of the rule or regulation (or a provision of it) would not serve the purposes for which the rule or regulation was adopted."

See also the Commission's discussion in the McGuire/Catawba license renewal proceeding ofthe "vehicle by which a petitioner may seek to raise issues that would otherwise be beyond the scope of a license renewal proceeding" to be found at 10 C.F.R. [then] § 2.758 (now found at

§ 2.335). Duke Energy Corp. (McGuire Nuclear Station, Units 1 and 2; Catawba NuclearStation, Units 1 and 2), CLI-02-14, 55 NRC 278, 291 (2002). However, no such petition has been filed with us.-43-Review Plan. Under the rule in question, i.e., 10 C.F.R. § 54.29, 162 a renewed license may beissued if "actions" related to aging (both managing the effects of aging and "time-limited aging analyses") have been or will be taken "such that there is reasonable assurance that the activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB" (and "that any changes made to the plant's CLB in order to comply with this paragraph are in accord with the Act and the Commission's regulations").

163If, in this license renewal, the "actions" required in the rule do not include "actions" relatingto the ultimate fire protection system that will at some point in the future be put in place, this would bring into doubt whether there could be any "reasonable assurance that the activities 164 See supra text accompanying note 152; 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,490-91.

165 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,490-91 (emphasis added).

166 See Tr. at 127.

167 Petition at 8 (quoting 56 Fed. Reg. at 64,946);

see id. at 11, 23, 24; Petitioners' Replyat 7-8; Tr. at 75-77, 80-81, 82-87, 127, 155-57. authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB,"as required under the rule. In other words, there would seem to be a "genuine dispute" whether the "actions" required under § 54.29(a) would - or could - be "such that there is reasonableassurance that the activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB," as also required under § 54.29(a). And to the extent that ambiguity exists, the Commission's concluding statement from its 1995 Statement of Consideration that is quoted above 164 would seem to be most directly on point as to the interpretation of 10 C.F.R.§ 54.29(a): The "applicant's proposals" as to aging must, according to the Commission's 1995 interpretation, be "adequate such that [it can be determined] that there is reasonable assurancethat the activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB."

165 In the same vein, notwithstanding some references to "rebuttablepresumptions" in their Petition, the essential thrust of Petitioners' argument on Contention TC-1 is that, while they freely admit they do not challenge any aging issues, 166 they do claim that,whatever "actions" might at some point in the future be taken, these are not "adequate" toprovide the requisite "reasonable assurance," or indeed any "assurance" that "the licensing bas[i]s . . . provide[s] and maintain[s] an acceptable level of safety for operation so that operation will not be inimical to public health and safety or common defense and security."

167With regard to the specific circumstances presented to us in Contention TC-1, we wouldnote that, to our knowledge, the precise situation presented by this case has never before arisen in any license renewal proceeding - that is to say, a situation in which there is some 168 68 Fed. Reg. at 22,490-91.

169 McGuire/Catawba, CLI-02-14, 55 NRC at 293.

170 Id. (emphasis added).

171 Id.172 See 10 C.F.R § 54.3; 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,274.-45-possibility of the Staff not being able to "review[ ] the applicant's proposals [on aging-relatedmatters] and determin[e] whether they are adequate such that there is reasonable assurance that activities authorized by the renewed license will continue to be conducted in accordance with the CLB,"

168 because a viable system within the scope of license renewal is not yet in place.We are aware that the Commission in the McGuire/Catawba license renewal proceedingstated, in CLI-02-14, that "[n]othing in our case law or regulations suggests that license renewal is an occasion for far-reaching speculation about unimplemented and uncertain plans" (referring to Duke's plan to use MOX [mixed-oxide] fuel in a pilot program).

169 The Commission inreaching its ruling therein relied on § 54.29 and the rule's "focus[ ] on the 'current' licensing basis," noting that the definition of "current licensing basis" at § 54.3 includes "'NRC requirements . . . that are docketed and in effect.'"170 On this basis the Commission ruled thatthe MOX fuel issue was not ripe for consideration in that proceeding.

171By contrast, however, in this proceeding, Applicant has made a "written commitment" toapply for the license amendment in question, to "ensur[e] compliance with and operation within applicable NRC requirements and the plant-specific design basis . . . ,"

172 which woulddistinguish this case from the McGuire/Catawba case.In such circumstances, a failure of the Applicant to file its intended license amendmentapplication in time to allow for an aging-related review of whatever new fire protection system 173 See supra note 163.

174 Petition for Remedial Action, CLI-78-6, 7 NRC at 404.

175 Petition at 24.-46-would otherwise be proposed and possibly approved, might arguably be occasion to submit anew request for hearing, petition to intervene, and contention(s) with regard to the renewal of the Shearon Harris license, possibly in conjunction with a petition for waiver of any exclusion of non-aging issues under 10 C.F.R. § 54.29, if it can be argued that the requirements of § 2.335 are met.173We do not, of course, by making this observation mean to state or imply any futureconclusions that might be reached on whether any such contention(s) would meet all of the requirements of 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(c), (f)(1), and/or (f)(2). But, in light of the preceding analysis, Petitioners may wish to follow the progress of the intended license amendment application. And in any event, given that the term of the current license does not end until 2027, there would seem to be more than sufficient time to address Petitioners' concerns and thereby better assure that, going into any new license term, the plant will ultimately be fully in compliance with all relevant fire protection requirements, so as to protect the health and safety of the public - which, as Petitioners point out and the Commission observed early on in its existence, is what the NRC's "licensing procedure is devoted to assuring."

174B.Environmental Contention EC-1: Failure to Address Aircraft AttacksPetitioners in this contention state:The Environmental Report for the SHNPP license extension fails to satisfy NEPAbecause it does not address the environmental impacts of a successful attack by the deliberate and malicious crash of a fuel laden and/or explosive laden aircraft and the severe accident consequences of the aircraft's impact and penetration on the facility. It is unreasonable for the NRC to dismiss the possibility of an aviation attack on the SHNPP in light of the studies by the NRC that this is a real possibility that could have devastating results.

175 176 Id. at 24-25.

177 Id. at 25 (citing NUREG-2859). Petitioners indicate that in any evidentiary hearing inthis proceeding they would seek to have this document introduced into the record "because it remains relevant to aircraft attacks, both accidents and deliberate malicious actions." Id. atn.12.178 Id. at 25.179 Id. at 25-27.-47-1.Petitioners' Basis for Contention EC-1In support of this contention Petitioners note that "[t]he EIS for the original [Shearon Harrisplant] license did not evaluate the consequences of an aviation attack and the resulting impact, penetration, explosion and fire," and argue that the "potential for accidents caused by deliberate malicious actions and the resulting equipment failures is not only reasonably foreseeable, but is likely enough to qualify as a 'design-basis accident,' i.e., an accident that must be designed against under NRC safety regulations."

176 Petitioners also cite in support of this contention theArgonne National Laboratory's analysis that was published in 1982 as NUREG-2859, "Evaluation of Aircraft Hazards Analysis for Nuclear Power Plants" [hereinafter NUREG-2859],

but subsequently removed from the NRC's public document room after the attacks of September 11, 2001.

177Noting that this study focused on accidental aircraft crashes, Petitioners argue that "thesame threat analysis can and should be made for the impacts of deliberate malicious actions" directed at the plant.

178 Petitioners quote various portions of NUREG 2859 that address thethreats and potential effects associated with aircraft crashes involving the collision of aircraft with power plant structures.

179In addition, Petitioners cite the NRC's March 2000 request that the Turkey Point nuclearplant respond to certain questions about "expanded aircraft operations at the nearby Homestead Air Force Base," the response thereto, and an October 2000 study of the spent fuel 180 Id. at 27-28 & nn.13, 14 (citing Letter from R.J. Hovey, Vice President - Turkey PointPlant, to NRC, Response to Request for Information Regarding the Potential Rick of the Proposed Civil and Government Aircraft Operation at Homestead Air Force Base on the Turkey Point Plant (May 2, 2000); NRC, Technical Study of Spent Fuel Pool Accident Risk at Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants (Oct. 2000).

181 Id. at 28 & n.15 (citing SECY-06-0219, Final Rulemaking to Revise 10 C.F.R. 73.1,Design Basis Threat (DBT) Requirements (Oct. 30, 2006) [hereinafter SECY-06-0219]).

182 Id. at 29 & n.17 (citing Union of Concerned Scientists Issue Brief: The NRC'sRevised Security Regulations (Feb. 1, 2007), at http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/clean_energy/20070201-ucs-aircraft-fire-hazards.pdf (last visited Aug. 2, 2007)).

183 Id. at 29.184 Id. at 29-30.

185 Id. at 30. We note that Petitioners provide additional argument relating toenvironmental issues in license renewal, SAMAs, and related issues in the Introduction to its Petition and in the section of it entitled "Statutory and Regulatory Framework."

See id. at 3-4;13-17.-48-pool hazard at plants undergoing decommissioning, in support of Contention EC-1.

180 Petitioners also cite and discuss the NRC's amendment of its "design basis threat" rule, 181 butchallenge it as contrary to the earlier studies and information.

182Finally, Petitioners point out that 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(ii)(L) (apparently referring to 10C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(ii)(L)) requires license renewal applicants to consider alternatives to mitigate severe accidents, or "SAMAs," and that SAMAs for aircraft impact have not been previously considered for the Shearon Harris plant.

183 Petitioners assert that the Applicant'sEnvironmental Report does not address SAMAs for aircraft impact, and therefore fails to satisfy 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(iii), "because it does not consider reasonable alternatives for avoiding or reducing the environmental impacts of this class of accidents."

184 Thus, Petitioners argue,"the application is insufficient" and "cannot be approved without a full study of the threats from aviation attacks and implementation of the SAMAs required to prevent or mitigate the impacts from those attacks."

185 186 Staff Response at 18-19.

187 Id. at 19 (citing Amergen Energy Co., LLC (Oyster Creek Nuclear GeneratingStation), CLI-07-8, 65 NRC 124, 128-29 (2007), aff'g LBP-06-7, 63 NRC 188 (2006)).

188 Id. at 19 & n.25 (citing Oyster Creek, CLI-07-8, 65 NRC at 128; San Luis ObispoMothers for Peace v. NRC, 449 F.3d 1016 (9th Cir. 2006), cert. denied sub nom.

, Pacific Gas &Elec. Co. v. San Luis Obispo Mothers for Peace, 127 S. Ct. 1124 (2007)).

189 Id. at 19 (citing Oyster Creek, CLI-07-8, 65 NRC at 131).-49-2.Positions of Applicant and NRC Staff on Contention EC-1The Staff's response to Contention EC-1 is brief and to the point. In the Staff's view, thecontention raises concerns which are "clearly beyond the scope of this license renewalproceeding" under applicable and binding Commission case law authority.

186 Staff cites theCommission's recent ruling in the Oyster Creek license renewal proceeding, in which theCommission upheld the Licensing Board's decision rejecting a contention challenging anapplicant's failure to consider an aircraft attack scenario in its environmental report's SAMA analysis.187 Staff points out the Commission's disagreement therein with, and decision not tofollow in other Federal Circuits the 2006 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Luis Obispo Mothers for Peace v. NRC, that the NRC could not underNEPA categorically refuse to consider the consequences of a terrorist attack against a spent fuel storage facility.

188 Staff also notes the Commission's further indication that there is no basis for admitting a NEPA-terrorism contention in a license renewalproceeding, because the [GEIS] had already performed a discretionary analysis of terrorist acts in connection with license renewal, and concluded that the core damage and radiological release from such acts would be no worse than the damage and release to be expected from internally initiated events.

189 190 Id. at 19.191 Applicant's Answer at 16-17. Applicant goes on to quote the following language ofthe Commission in the Turkey Point proceeding:The Commission recognizes that even generic findings sometimes needrevisiting in particular contexts. Our rules thus provide a number of opportunities for individuals to alert the Commission to new and significant information that might render a generic finding invalid, either with respect to all nuclear power plants or for one plant in particular. In the hearing process, for example, petitioners with new information showing that a generic rule would not serve its purpose at a particular plant may seek a waiver of the rule.Id. at 20 (quoting Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 12) (citing Entergy Nuclear, CLI-07-3,65 NRC at 20).

192 Applicant's Answer at 17 (citing Oyster Creek, CLI-07-8, 65 NRC at 129 (quotingMcGuire, CLI-02-26, 56 NRC at 364, 365); Pilgrim, LBP-06-23, 64 NRC at 300).-50-According to the Staff, the "Commission's decision in Oyster Creek establishes bindingprecedent for the resolution of Contention EC-1 in this proceeding," and Contention EC-1 must therefore be rejected.

190Applicant asserts that Contention EC-1 is inadmissible for essentially the same reasons,adding that it is also inadmissible "because the GEIS already addresses the environmental impacts of sabotage, and Petitioners neither request a waiver of the GEIS generic determination regarding sabotage nor do they provide new and significant information that would be required for such a waiver to be granted."

191 Applicant also quotes, inter alia, thefollowing language from the Commission's Oyster Creek decision:[A]s a general matter, NEPA "imposes no legal duty on the NRC to consider intentionalmalevolent acts . . . in conjunction with commercial power reactor license renewal applications." . . . . "The 'environmental' effect caused by third-party miscreants 'is . . .

simply too far removed from the natural or expected consequences of agency action to require a study under NEPA.'"

192. . . .

A license renewal proceeding is distinguishable from the situation considered in SanLuis Obispo Mothers for Peace, where the NRC had before it a proposal to construct adry cask storage facility at a nuclear reactor site. Unlike the situation in that case, a 193 Id. at 18 (citing Oyster Creek, CLI-07-8, 65 NRC at 130 n.25).

194 Id. at 18 (citing McGuire, CLI-02-26, 56 NRC at 365 n.24 (citations omitted)).

195 Id. at 19.196 Id. at 24-25.-51-license renewal application does not involve new construction. So there is no change tothe physical plant and thus no creation of a new "terrorist target."

193In addition, Applicant notes Commission statements, also cited by Staff, to the effect that theGEIS concluded that any sabotage event would produce no worse core damage or radiological release than would be expected from internally initiated events.

194 Thus, Applicant insists, "noseparate NEPA analysis is required to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a terrorist attack because the GEIS analysis of severe accident consequences bounds the potential consequences that might result from a large scale radiological release, regardless of the initiating cause."

195Applicant also argues that Petitioners fail to "provide a concise statement of the allegedfacts or expert opinion supporting the contention that a deliberate and malicious crash must be addressed separately or that the environmental impacts of such an act are not already encompassed within the GEIS"; fail to "explain how their assertions regarding Contention EC-1 would make a difference in the outcome of the licensing renewal proceeding;" and fail to "allege how the environmental impacts of a 'deliberate and malicious crash of a fuel laden and/or explosive laden aircraft' would differ from the environmental impacts of an 'internally initiated severe accident.'"

196Petitioners' arguments regarding SAMAs also lack merit, Applicant asserts, among otherthings because SAMAs are typically limited to damage to the reactor core, and Petitioners have not in any event referred to specific portions of the SAMA part of the Application or shown any 197 Id. at 25-28.

198 Applicant's Answer at 22-24 (citing, inter alia, 10 C.F.R. § 2.335). 10 C.F.R. § 50.13provides:An applicant for a license to construct and operate a production or utilizationfacility, or for an amendment to such license, is not required to provide for design features or other measures for the specific purpose of protection against the effects of (a) attacks and destructive acts, including sabotage, directed against the facility by an enemy of the United States, whether a foreign government or other person, or (b) use or deployment of weapons incident to U.S. defense activities.

199 Petitioners' Reply at 9.

200 Id.-52-genuine dispute with the Application in this regard.

197 In addition, Applicant challengesContention EC-1 to the extent that it "suggest[s] that aviation attacks are design basis threats warranting backfitting to protect the public health and safety," arguing that "[s]uch allegations are not only beyond the scope of this license renewal proceeding because they are unrelated to aging, but [also because they are] impermissible challenges" to the NRC regulation on the design basis threat for nuclear power plants, found at 10 C.F.R. § 73.1, and are "barred by 10 C.F.R. § 50.13."

1983.Reply of Petitioners on Contention EC-1In addition to their general argument that their contentions are material and have a legalbasis, explanations supported by evidence, documents, facts and/or proposed expert testimony, Petitioners question the Commission's Oyster Creek decision on various grounds,including that it "ignores the mandate from the Supreme Court in San Luis Obispo Mothers forPeace . . .

."199 Petitioners further challenge the "NRC staff's conclusion that all aviation attacksare terrorism-related so therefore all contentions raising the issue of aviation attacks are not admissible" as "circular reasoning."

200 Citing a definition of "terrorism" from the Federal Criminal 201 Id. at 10 (quoting from 18 U.S.C. § 2331 as follows:activities that involve violent . . . or life-threatening acts . . . that are a violation ofthe criminal laws of the United States or of any State and . . . appear to be intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and . . . (C) occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States . . . [or] . . .

(C) occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States . . .).

202 Id. at 9-10.203 Id. at 10-11.

204 See discussion supra at end of Section IV.A.-53-Code, 201 Petitioners argue that "not all aviation attacks would be from 'terrorists,'" that "it makeslittle difference to the disastrous outcome at the nuclear plant whether the motivation for the attack is political or psychotic," and that, "[n]o matter what the motivation, the [Shearon Harris plant] is not designed to withstand the impacts of an aviation attack or its direct consequences."

202Again noting the lack of any SAMAs in the Application for aircraft impacts, Petitioners urgethat the legitimacy of any studies cited by the Staff is "a matter in dispute that should be left to the ASLB for adjudication," in which the issues should be "whether the Commission has resolved these issues for the [plant], and whether during the . . . renewal period the risk topublic health and safety from an aviation attack and its consequences will be mitigated."

2034.Board Ruling on Contention EC-1Based on the Commission's ruling in the Oyster Creek proceeding, we find that ContentionEC-1 is beyond the scope of this proceeding, therefore fails to meet the requirements of 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(iii), (iv), (vi), 204 and is inadmissible. Petitioners are incorrect that we mustinterpret the U.S. Supreme Court's denial of certiorari as a "mandate" endorsing the Ninth 205 Petitioners' Reply at 9.

206 Maryland v. Baltimore Radio Show, 338 U.S. 912, 919 (1950);

see also ExcelCommunications, Inc. v. AT&T Corp., 528 U.S. 946 (1999) ("The importance of the questionspresented in this certiorari petition makes it appropriate to reiterate the fact that the denial ofthe petition does not constitute a ruling on merits.").

207 Virgil C. Summer, ALAB-710, 17 NRC at 28.

208 Oyster Creek, CLI-07-8, 65 NRC at 129 (citing McGuire/Catawba, CLI-02-26, 56NRC at 365; Private Fuel Storage , LLC (Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation),CLI-02-25, 56 NRC 340, 349 (2002)).-54-Circuit's decision in San Luis Obispo Mothers for Peace

.205 The Supreme Court has made clearthat a denial of certiorari "carries with it no implication whatever regarding the Court's views onthe merits of a case which it has declined to review."

206Because the Supreme Court has neither endorsed nor rejected the reasoning of the NinthCircuit, and because the Shearon Harris plant is located outside the jurisdiction of the Ninth Circuit, we are bound by the Commission's decision in Oyster Creek, absent anything thatwould distinguish this case from that one. As we recognized in our ruling on Contention TC-1, Commission case law is clear that "licensing boards are bound to comply with [Commission adjudicatory decisions]."

207Petitioners' assertion that the Commission's decision in Oyster Creek is limited to aviationattacks perpetrated for "terrorism" purposes as the word is defined in the Federal Criminal Code, and that the NRC must consider non-terrorism "deliberate malicious actions," must fail in light of the Commission's specific exclusion from NEPA consideration in NRC license renewalproceedings any "intentional malevolent acts" or actions of "third-party miscreants."

208 Moreover, Petitioners have failed to distinguish this proceeding from the Oyster Creekproceeding in any meaningful way.

209 See Petitioners' Reply at 9.

210 Petition at 30.

211 Id. at 30-33.

212 Id. at 33 & n.22 (citing SECY-06-0219).-55-Thus we are bound by the Oyster Creek decision, and must reject Petitioners' invitation to"reconsider" its scope in the context of this relicensing proceeding, 209 and deny admission ofContention EC-1. In addition to being outside the scope of the proceeding and therefore not in compliance with 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(iii), it also does not meet the requirements of

§§ 2.309(f)(1)(iv), (vi), which require a demonstration that the issue raised by the contention is "material to the findings the NRC must make to support the action that is involved in the proceeding," and "sufficient information to show that a genuine dispute exists with the applicant/licensee on a material issue of law or fact."We address below in Section VI of this Memorandum the backfit issue raised by Petitioners.C.Environmental Contention EC-2: Failure to Address Fire Impacts of Air AttacksPetitioners in this environmental contention state:The Environmental Report for the SHNPP license extension fails to satisfy NEPAbecause it does not address a significant fire involving noncompliant fire protection features for both primary and redundant safe shutdown electrical circuits caused by a deliberate malicious action using a fuel-laden and/or explosive-laden aircraft on the facility.2101.Petitioners' Basis for Contention EC-2In support of this contention Petitioners rely on the same arguments as those put forth forContentions TC-1 and EC-1, emphasizing in this contention that the collision of an aircraft into the plant could cause fires, with all their attendant risks.

211 Also cited in support of thiscontention is the NRC's recognition in amending the design basis rule that nuclear power plants "could only be protected by passive measures."

212 Petitioners argue that "significant fires 213 Id. at 33-34.

214 Id. at 34.215 Id.216 Petition at 34.

217 Id. at 34-35; see also id. at 1-4, 7-17.-56-caused by malicious acts are credible," referring to the structural damage caused by firesarising from the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center, and assert that the "structures protecting the electric circuits for the control operation of the safe shutdown systems at [the plant] are similarly vulnerable."

213In addition, Petitioners contend, "[t]he fire protection regulations, even if met in full andnonexempted, are intended to deal with a single fire in a single room or area," with no other equipment damage presumed, and the "fire protection regulations are not designed for and are not adequate to deal with fires in multiple rooms and areas that can easily result from an aircraft crash."214 Thus, Petitioners argue, Applicant's "noncompliance and violations of the fireprotection regulations at the [plant] would be compounded by deliberate malicious actions."

215Finally, as with Contention EC-1, Petitioners assert that this contention brings into play therequirement in 10 C.F.R. 51.53(c)(3)(ii)(L) for consideration of alternatives to mitigate severe accidents, or SAMAs.

216 Because Appendix E of the Applicant's ER does not address any suchalternatives relating to "fires caused by aircraft impact," Petitioners argue the ER fails to satisfy 10 C.F.R. § 51.53(c)(3)(iii), and the Application "cannot be approved without a full study of the risks associated with fires and explosions caused by aviation attacks and implementation of the SAMAs required to prevent or mitigate the impacts."

217 218 Staff Response at 20; Applicant's Answer at 28-31.

219 See Petitioners' Reply at 9-10.

220 Petition at 35.

221 Id. (citing 10 C.F.R. Pt. 50, App. E and NUREG-0654, Criteria for Preparation andEvaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants (March 2002)).-57-2.Positions of Applicant and NRC Staff on Contention EC-2Both the Applicant and Staff submit that this contention is inadmissible for the samereasons they contend Contention EC-1 is inadmissible.

2183.Reply of Petitioners on Contention EC-2Likewise, Petitioners provide the same argument in reply with regard to Contention EC-2 asfor Contention EC-1.

2194.Board Ruling on Contention EC-2 For the same reasons set forth above with respect to Petitioners' Contention EC-1, we findContention EC-2 to be beyond the scope of this proceeding under relevant and binding case law, and therefore deny its admission.D.Environmental Contention EC-3: Inadequacies in Evacuation PlanPetitioners in their final contention state:Due to highly significant and unforeseen changes in circumstances, throughdramatically increased populations and changing land uses, the evacuation plan for the SHNPP does not adequately protect the health and safety of the residents, students and workers around the plant.

2201.Petitioners' Basis for Contention EC-3In support of this contention Petitioners start with the requirement that, "[b]efore a nuclearplant is licensed to operate, the NRC must have 'reasonable assurance that adequate protective measures can and will be taken in the event of a radiological emergency.'"

221Petitioners assert that, although the evacuation plan for the plant was found to provide 222 Id. at 35.223 Id.224 Id. at 35-36.

225 Id. at 36.226 Petition at 36 (citing Attachment 4 to Petition).

227 Id. at 36.-58-"'reasonable assurances' that it would protect public health and safety" in 1987 when it wasapproved, "[i]t is apparent that this assurance cannot be relied upon for the entire 60-year period until the proposed relicensing period would expire."

222 Thus, Petitioners insist, "[t]heopportunity to reassess the adequacy of the evacuation plan should be in the present ER and EIS as part of the relicensing review, and should focus on the significant changes with the plant and its environment, including the human environment."

223Petitioners argue that the statutory and regulatory framework for license renewalestablishes a "presumption that the present rules protect public health and safety," which "can be rebutted with the presentation of significant new information."

224 Petitioners contend thatthere is significant new information in this regard, arising out of "significant changes in circumstances surrounding the plant that impact the adequacy of the evacuation plan."

225 Petitioners support this argument, and their contention, with the affidavit of Steven Wing,Ph.D., Associate Professor of Epidemiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health.

226 According to Dr. Wing, there have been "significant populationincreases" in the area around the plant and within the 10-mile emergency planning zone (EPZ),

and there will be additional increases through 2047, not only for the 10-mile zone but also for "the population within the 50-mile area around the plant."

227 Because the original 1987 228 Id.; see also id. at 37.229 Id. at 36.230 Id. at 37.231 Id. (citing NC Department of Transportation, NC Statewide Transportation Plan,September 2004, available at http://www.ncdot.org/

doh/preconstruct/tpb/statewideplan/pdf/NCStatewideTransportationPlan.pdf (last visited Aug. 2, 2007)).

232 Petition at 37.-59-evacuation plan "did not foresee the magnitude of these increases, [it] is inadequate today [and]in the future."

228Petitioners indicate that Dr. Wing "also is concerned that there are numbers of children,women of childbearing age, senior citizens and nursing home residents who may have special difficulties in the event of an evacuation and may be more susceptible to radiation emissions and other hazards that could occur in connection with evacuation and relocation."

229 Otherchanges in circumstances asserted to be relevant in this proceeding are "increased vehicle use on the highways in the area to the point that the major thoroughfares used as evacuation routes may be impassible [sic] at most times of day," which "reflects the significant increases in population as well as changes in land uses."

230 Petitioners also argue that forecasts relating tovehicle use on highways planned to be used for evacuation "may be completely useless by 2027 without extensive new spending on highway expansions and improvements."

231Petitioners point out that "local governments that have jurisdiction in the 10-mile and 50-mileEPZs have criticized the current emergency planning efforts because they do not have adequate planning, resources, training and staff to safely evacuate people within the EPZ during an emergency."

232 Petitioners cite an October 3, 2006, resolution of the Orange CountyBoard of Commissioners that "there is no coordinated emergency management and evacuation planning for the portion of the ingestion pathway beyond the area defined by the ten-mile radius 233 Id. (quoting Orange County Board of Commissioners, "A Resolution Calling forCoordinated Emergency Management and Evacuation Planning Within the 60-mile Radius Ingestion Pathway for Potential Discharge of Airborne Nuclear Waste Material from the Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant" (Oct. 3, 2006) (Attachment 5 to Petition)).

234 Id. at 37-38.

235 Id. at 38. Petitioners point out that the official study of the fire and evacuation by theState of North Carolina has not been completed, and attach to the Petition newspaper articles pointing to evidence that would become available in the near future.

See Attachment 6 toPetition.236 Petition at 38.

237 Id.-60-around Shearon Harris."

233 According to Petitioners, other local governments as well haveexpressed the same concerns.

234Petitioners provide, as an example of the "inability of local governments to meet therequirements for prompt and effective evacuation during an emergency," the "response by the company and State and local officials to an accidental fire at a hazardous waste storage facility in Apex, North Carolina, part of which is within the EPZ."

235 In this example, Petitioners state,the "flaws in evacuating nearby residents, even in potentially critical situations," were demonstrated by the "woefully ineffective" local evacuation plan, and the fact that "it was apparent that the government officials and the members of the public had no knowledge of the evacuation plans."

236Thus, Petitioners urge, the renewal Application "cannot be approved without a full study ofthe current and forecasted populations, including susceptible populations, and the ability of the evacuation plan to provide 'reasonable assurance' that all of these people will be provided adequate care in case of an accident."

237 Petitioners also discuss, in the "Statutory and 238 Id. at 12, 17.

239 Id. at 13-17.

240 Applicant's Answer at 31.

241 Id. at 32 (quoting Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 10; citing id. at 9; Millstone ,CLI-04-36, 60 NRC at 640);

see also Staff Response at 21-22 (citing Turkey Point, CLI-01-17,54 NRC at 9-10).

242 Applicant's Answer at 32 (citing Millstone, CLI-05-24, 62 NRC at 560-61 (footnoteomitted) (emphasis added));

see also Staff Response at 22 (quoting Millstone, CLI-05-24, 62NRC at 560-61 (citing, inter alia, 56 Fed. Reg. at 64,961; 60 Fed. Reg. at 22,464)).-61-Regulatory Framework" section of their Petition, evacuation issues 238 as well as SAMAs, 239 butthey do not mention or challenge any specific parts of the Applicant's SAMA analysis that concern, e.g., the input data relating to population and evacuation that is utilized in the analysis.2.Positions of Applicant and NRC Staff on Contention EC-3Applicant argues that this contention is outside the scope of license renewal, animpermissible attack on Commission regulations, and insufficiently supported.

240 In support ofits argument that the contention is out of scope for this proceeding, Applicant cites various Commission statements from the Turkey Point proceeding, including the following:Issues like emergency planning - which already are the focus of ongoing regulatoryprocesses - do not come within NRC safety review at the license renewal stage . . . .

241Also quoted by the Applicant is the following language from the Commission's decision in theMillstone license renewal case:[T]he primary reason we excluded emergency-planning issues from license renewalproceedings was to limit the scope of those proceedings to "age-related degradation unique to license renewal." Emergency planning is, by its very nature, neither germane to age-related degradation nor unique to the period covered by the Millstone license renewal application. Consequently, it makes no sense to spend the parties' and our own valuable resources litigating allegations of current deficiencies in a proceeding that is directed to future-oriented issues of aging.

242Regarding Petitioners' characterization of Contention EC-3 as an environmental contention,Applicant asserts that Petitioners "fail to identify any deficiency in the Environmental Report 243Applicant's Answer at 32 n.22 (citing McGuire, LBP-02-4, 55 NRC at 78).

244 Id. (citing Petition at 17; Sacramento Municipal Util. Dist. (Rancho Seco NuclearGenerating Station), LBP-93-23, 38 NRC 200, 246 (1993)).

245 Id.246 Id. at 33 (citing Petition at 36; 10 C.F.R. § 50.47(c)(2); Long Island Lighting Co.(Shoreham Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1), CLI-87-12, 26 NRC 383, 395 (1987); Citizens TaskForce of Chapel Hill, DPRM-90-1, 32 NRC 281, 290-92 (1990).

247 Id. at 34.248 Id. (citing Petition at 38).-62-and, therefore, Contention EC-3 must be rejected as fatally flawed."

243 Applicant argues thatPetitioners' assertion "that the ER should address the inability for [sic] the 1987 evacuation plan to protect the health and safety of the public" is but a "bald[ ]" and "conclusory assertion,"

inadequate to support a contention.

244 "In any event," Applicant avers, "Petitioners cannot claima deficiency in the Environmental Report for its failure to address a matter outside the scope of the licensing action for which the Environmental Report was prepared."

245Applicant argues that Petitioners' references to susceptible populations such as homeboundpersons and children are collateral attacks on the Commission's emergency planning rules at 10 C.F.R. § 50.47(b)(10), (c)(2), which "establish a plume-exposure pathway emergency planning zone ('EPZ') for nuclear power reactors of an area about 10 miles in radius."

246 Applicant further asserts that the Petition "provides no documentary evidence or expert opinion in support of its broad claims of serious flaws in the evacuation plans,"

247 and challenges certainnewspaper articles provided as Attachment 6 to the Petition, averring that they "do not support the Petitioners' claim that the evacuation around Apex, NC indicates that the local evacuation plan 'was woefully ineffective and it was apparent that the government officials and the members of the public had no knowledge of the evacuation plans.'"

248 "In fact," Applicantasserts, "the articles identify that over 16,000 residents were evacuated . . . with no major 249 Applicant's Answer at 34 (citing Attachment 6 to Petition at 5, 7, 2).

250 Id. (citing Petition at 38 n.26; Millstone, CLI-04-36, 60 NRC at 639).

251 Id. at 31, 34 (citing Petition at 36-37 & Attachment 4 to Petition ¶ 12).

252 Id. at 34-35 (citing Rancho Seco, LBP-93-23, 38 NRC at 246).

253 Id. at 35 n.23 (citing Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 9).

254 Staff's Response at 22.

255 Id. at 23 n.29 (citing Millstone, CLI-05-24, 62 NRC at 562-63).-63-injuries reported."

249 Applicant also argues, regarding a report on the Apex fire that Petitionersstate is yet to be completed, that "[p]romises to provide factual material at a later date in support of a proffered contention do not support the contention's admissibility."

250Challenging the expertise of Dr. Wing, Applicant also states that he "identifies nodeficiencies in the Application," asserting "only that '[t]he 1987 evacuation plan needs to be closely reexamined to meet the current and projected population increases.'"

251 Applicantargues that this "conclusory assertion, little more than a claim that the evacuation plan ought to be studied, is not an adequate basis for a contention,"

252 and points out that "emergency plansare periodically reviewed to ensure they are 'adequate throughout the life of any plant even in the face of changing demographics and other site related factors.'"

253The Staff likewise cites Commission holdings "that emergency planning issues are notadmissible in a license renewal proceeding," stating also that, while "Petitioner labeled theemergency planning contention as 'environmental,'" the "plain language of the contention shows the issue is safety."

254 Staff further notes that, "[a]lthough Contention EC-3 isinadmissible, NRC regulations provide two other procedural mechanisms (10 C.F.R. §§ 2.206 and 2.802) by which Petitioners may pursue their concerns about the adequacy of the Applicants' current emergency plan."

255 256 Petitioners' Reply at 11.

257 Id.258 Turkey Point, CLI-01-17, 54 NRC at 10; see also Millstone, CLI-05-24, 62 NRC at 567.259 See Pilgrim, LBP-06-23, 64 NRC at 338-41.-64-3.Reply of Petitioners on Contention EC-3In reply, in addition to their general argument that their contentions are material and have alegal basis, explanations supported by evidence, documents, facts and/or proposed expert testimony, Petitioners refer back to the Petition for its "length[y] discuss[ion]" showing that "the evacuation plans for the SHNPP are grossly inadequate because of the changing conditions."

256Stating that "[t]he population around the SHNPP has significantly increased from 1987 to the present, from the present to the end of the initial licensing period, and during the period of the licensing extension," and relying on the same "reasonable assurance" argument they make regarding Contention TC-1, Petitioners argue that, "[s]imilarly . . . , there is no reasonable assurance that the current inadequacies of the plans, and the likely compounded inadequacies in the future, will be resolved in a manner that protects public health and safety."

2574.Board Ruling on Contention EC-3 The Commission has clearly stated that emergency planning issues are not within the scopeof a license renewal proceeding as a safety issue. "Issues like emergency planning - which already are the focus of ongoing regulatory processes - do not come within the NRC's safety review at the license renewal stage."

258 However, a contention challenging the input data forcertain parameters in a severe accident mitigation alternatives, or SAMA, analysis, which parameters are related to emergency planning issues, has been admitted in another license renewal proceeding, as an environmental issue.

259 In that proceeding, which involves thePilgrim plant in Massachusetts, the licensing board admitted the contention to the extent that it 260 See id.261 Id. at 340.262 See , e.g., Application, Environmental Report at E-27 to E-29; E-129 to E-130; E-138to E-141. In addition, we note that during oral argument Applicant's counsel stated thatShearon Harris has its own emergency plan that does take into account updated population figures, contrary to Petitioners' assertions about population growth. Tr. at 58-59. This Emergency Plan states that theEvacuation Time Estimate (ETE) . . . will be considered valid until the populationwith the 10-mile EPZ has increased by greater than 10% since the last ETE was determined. If the population is found to have increased by greater than 10%

than a revised ETE will be established using appropriate guidance in NUREG/CR-4831, "State of the Art in Evacuation Time Estimate Studies for Nuclear Power Plants." An ETE update should be performed every five years to ensure the adequacy of other evacuation assumptions.Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Docket No. 50-400/License No. NPF-63, Changes toEmergency Plan and Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures, Revision 52 (Jan. 3, 2007)

(ADAMS Accession No. ML070100384).-65-concerned specific and supported challenges to SAMA input data in three areas - evacuationtimes, economic consequences, and meteorological patterns.

260 The board found that, byfocusing on "the accuracy of certain assumptions and input data used in the SAMA computation and how they affect the validity of the SAMA analysis under NEPA," the petitioners therein raised a valid environmental issue concerning severe accidents and SAMAs, which is a legitimate "category 2" environmental issue in a license renewal proceeding.

261 We are notaware of any other license renewal proceeding in which a contention relating in any way to emergency planning issues has been admitted.In contrast to the contention that was admitted in Pilgrim, Petitioners herein do notchallenge the input data in the SAMA analysis, nor indeed do they address those parts of the Application's Environmental Report that address evacuation, population density, and related issues.262 Thus they have failed to bring the contention within the scope of license renewal,failed to "demonstrate that the issue raised in the contention is material to the findings the NRC 263 Petition at 38-39.

264 Id. at 39.265 Id. at 17.-66-must make to support the action that is involved in the proceeding," and failed to provide"sufficient information to demonstrate a genuine dispute with the applicant on a material issue of law or fact," as required under 10 C.F.R. § 2.309(f)(1)(iii), (vi), and (vi). As such, we must deny the admission of Contention EC-3.VI. Petitioners' Request for Backfits Relating to Air Attacks and FiresPetitioners include as a final argument in their petition the assertion that, in light of theircontentions, it is evident . . . that a backfit is needed for all applications of inoperable fire barriersystems[,] including the rerouting of electrical cables out of fire zones as identified inNUREG-0800 BTP 9.5.1 and 10 C.F.R. 50 Appendix R Paragraph III.G.2 [as well as]upgrading inoperable fire barrier systems with qualified, maintainable and inspectable fire barrier systems to assure that post-fire safe shutdown systems will be maintained to be free of fire damage."

263Further, they argue, backfits are necessary in order "to prevent aviation attacks and the firesand explosions caused by those attacks [and] to minimize the risk to public health and safety from these deliberate malicious actions."

264 Finally, in the "Statutory and RegulatoryFramework" section of their Petition, they cite 10 C.F.R. § 50.109(a)(5), which provides:The Commission shall always require the backfitting of a facility if it determinesthat such regulatory action is necessary to ensure that the facility provides adequate protection to the health and safety of the public and is in accord with the common defense and security.

265The Applicant objects to Petitioners' request for backfits on the basis that it is unrelated toaging and therefore beyond the scope of this proceeding, and that it is an impermissible challenge to the NRC regulation at 10 C.F.R. § 73.1, defining the radiological sabotage against 266 Applicant's Answer at 22-23 & n.16.

267 Staff Response at 23-24 (citing Entergy Nuclear Operations Inc. (Pilgrim NuclearPower Station), Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC, and Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc.(Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station), CLI-06-26, 64 NRC 225, 226 (2006)).

268 Id. at 23 (citing Vermont Yankee, CLI-06-26, 64 NRC at 226-27).

269 Id. at 23-24.-67-which a licensee must defend.

266 The NRC Staff also objects to Petitioners' backfit request,relying on a recent decision of the Commission on requests for backfits that were made to the Commission in the Pilgrim and Vermont Yankee license renewal proceedings.

267 Staff quotesthe Commission's ruling that such a request "amounts to a request for agency enforcement action, a request not suitable for a license renewal adjudication, but perhaps suitable for consideration under 10 C.F.R. § 2.206."

268 Staff argues that, just as in the situation presented in Vermont Yankee, the Petitioners' request for the imposition of backfit requirements is not aproper subject for consideration in this proceeding. Although backfitting might have been a proper subject for Petitioners' § 2.206 petition, Staff argues, their request for the imposition of backfit requirements as part of this license renewal proceeding should be rejected.

269 As the Staff argues, the Commission has ruled that a petition for backfits is essentially arequest for enforcement action under 10 C.F.R. § 2.206 and is not cognizable in a license renewal adjudication. Therefore, under the authority of CLI-06-26, we must DENY Petitioners' request for the same in this proceeding.VII. Petitioners' Motion for StayDuring the July 17 oral argument on Contention TC-1, Petitioners' counsel moved to staythis proceeding until Applicant's intended license amendment request under 10 C.F.R.

§ 50.48(c)(2)(vii), to adopt as an alternative means of fire protection compliance for Shearon 270 Tr. at 183.

271 Motion for Stay at 1.

272 Staff Response to Motion to Stay at 4-5 (citing Vermont Yankee, CLI-07-13, 65 NRCat 214-15); Applicant Response to Motion to Stay at 2-3 (citing Texas Utils. Elec. Co.(Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station, Unit 2), CLI-93-2, 37 NRC 55, 57-58 n.2 (1993);

Vermont Yankee, CLI-07-13, 65 NRC at 214-15; In re Shieldalloy Metallurgical Corp. andNUREG-1757, 2007 NRC LEXIS 11 at *3-4 (Jan. 12, 2007)).

273 Applicant Response Motion to Stay at 6; see also id. at 5-7 (citing Virginia PetroleumJobbers Ass'n v. Federal Power Commission, 259 F.2d 921, 925 (D.C. Cir. 1958); Comanche Peak, CLI-93-2, 37 NRC at 58 n.2; U.S. Dep't of Energy, Project Mgmt. Corp., Tenn. ValleyAuth. (Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant), ALAB-721, 17 NRC 539, 543 (1983)); AlabamaPower Co. (Joseph M. Farley Nuclear Plant, Units 1 and 2), CLI-81-27, 14 NRC 795, 797(1981); Pub. Serv. Co. of Indiana, Inc. (Marble Hill Nuclear Generating Station, Units 1 and 2),ALAB-493, 8 NRC 253, 270 (1978)); Staff Response to Motion to Stay at 4 (citing EntergyNuclear Vermont Yankee, L.L.C, and Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. (Vermont YankeeNuclear Power Station), CLI-06-8, 63 NRC 235, 237 n.4 (2006)).-68-Harris NFPA Standard 805, has been filed and accepted.

270 As support for this motionPetitioners' cite the authority of the Board and Board chair under 10 C.F.R. §§2.321(c),

2.319(h), 2.307, and 2.323(g), relating to the duties and powers of licensing board and chairs, disposing of procedural requests, extension and reduction of time limits, and stays.

271The NRC Staff and Applicant urge denial of the motion for stay, citing case law for theprinciple that, only if one has been admitted as a "party" to a proceeding, through showing standing and submitting an admissible contention, can one have a request for stay consideredby a presiding officer.

272 Applicant and Staff also point to certain factors that should beconsidered in ruling on any request for stay, namely: (1) whether the movant would otherwise be irreparably injured in the absence of a stay; (2) whether the movant demonstrates a "strong showing" that it will succeed on the merits; (3) whether a stay would be to the detriment of other parties; and (4) what is in the public interest.

273 Staff and Applicant point out that these factors,which come from the opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 274 259 F.2d 921.

275 Staff Response to Stay Motion at 4; Applicant Response to Stay Motion at 5-6.

276 Comanche Peak, CLI-93-2, 37 NRC at 57-58; Vermont Yankee, CLI-07-13, 65 NRCat 214-15.-69-Circuit in the Virginia Petroleum Jobbers case, 274 have been incorporated into the NRC rules at10 C.F.R. § 2.342 and have been broadly applied by the Commission in ruling on stay requests.275The Commission in the Comanche Peak proceeding, and subsequently in Vermont Yankee

,CLI-07-13, did indicate that, in order to request a stay, the requestor must have been admitted as a party in a proceeding by showing standing and submitting an admissible contention.

276 InComanche Peak, the Commission also noted that, even assuming that the requestor was aparty, it had not met the four-factor test cited by Staff and Applicant.In this proceeding, as we admit no contentions herein, Petitioners are not a "party" underthe above case law, and therefore are not permitted to file a motion for stay. Moreover, they have not addressed the four-factor test specifically. Further, because it is possible their concerns will be met when the Applicant's license amendment request must be filed, we cannot find that Petitioners would be irreparably injured by the absence of a stay at this time. Thus, notwithstanding their argument that the fact the current license at issue does not expire until 2027 suggests the Applicant will not be harmed by a stay, we must DENY Petitioners' motion for stay.VIII. CONCLUSION and ORDERIn conclusion, although we find that Petitioners have established standing in thisproceeding, we further find that their petition may not be granted because they have not at this time submitted an admissible contention, for the reasons we have stated above.

277 Copies of this Order were sent this date by Internet e-mail transmission to allparticipants or counsel for participants.-70-Therefore, based on the preceding rulings, findings, and conclusion, it is, this 3rd day ofAugust, 2007, ORDERED that the Petition to Intervene of North Carolina Waste Awareness and Reduction Network and Nuclear Information and Resource Service be DENIED and this proceeding be TERMINATED at this time.Because we rule herein on an intervention petition, any appeal to the Commission from thisMemorandum and Order must be filed within ten (10) days after it is served, in accordance with the provisions of 10 C.F.R. § 2.311.THE ATOMIC SAFETYAND LICENSING BOARD/RA/_______________________________Ann Marshall Young, Chair ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE/RA/_______________________________Dr. Peter S. Lam ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE/RA/_______________________________Dr. Alice Mignerey ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGERockville, MarylandAugust 3, 2007 277 UNITED STATES OF AMERICANUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIONIn the Matter of ) )CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT CO. )Docket No. 50-400-LR

)

)(Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, )

Unit 1) )CERTIFICATE OF SERVICEI hereby certify that copies of the foregoing LB MEMORANDUM AND ORDER (RULING ONSTANDING AND CONTENTIONS OF PETITIONERS NORTH CAROLINA WASTE AWARENESS AND REDUCTION NETWORK AND NUCLEAR INFORMATION AND RESOURCE SERVICE) (LBP-07-11) have been served upon the following persons by U.S.

mail, first class, or through NRC internal distribution.Office of Commission Appellate Adjudication U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, DC 20555-0001Administrative JudgeAnn Marshall Young, Chair Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel Mail Stop - T-3 F23 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, DC 20555-0001Administrative JudgePeter S. Lam Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel Mail Stop - T-3 F23 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, DC 20555-0001Administrative JudgeAlice Mignerey Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel Mail Stop - T-3 F23 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, DC 20555-0001David E. Roth, Esq.Sherwin E. Turk, Esq.

Susan L. Uttal, Esq.

Office of the General Counsel Mail Stop - O-15 D21 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, DC 20555-0001John D. Runkle, Esq.Attorney at Law P.O. Box 3793 Chapel Hill, NC 27515 2Docket No. 50-400-LRLB MEMORANDUM AND ORDER (RULING ON STANDING AND CONTENTIONS OF PETITIONERS NORTH CAROLINA WASTE AWARENESS AND REDUCTION NETWORK AND NUCLEAR INFORMATION AND RESOURCE SERVICE) (LBP-07-11) John H. O'Neill, Jr., Esq.David R. Lewis, Esq.

Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP 2300 N Street, NW Washington, DC 20037[Original signed by Evangeline S. Ngbea]

Office of the Secretary of the CommissionDated at Rockville, Marylandthis 3 rd day of August 2007