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NUREG/CR-7259 Mildos Version 4.1 Computational Verification Report
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NUREG/CR-7259 ANL/EVS-19/3 MILDOS Version 4.1 Computational Verification Report Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

NUREG/CR-7259 ANL/EVS-19/3 MILDOS Version 4.1 Computational Verification Report Manuscript Completed: April 2019 Date Published: August 2019 Work sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Prepared by B.M. Biwer, D.J. LePoire, S. Kamboj, and Y.-S. Chang Environmental Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, IL 60439 Argonne is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under Contract E-AC02-06CH11357 Bruce Biwer, Argonne Program Manager Casper Sun, NRC Project Manager David Brown, NRC Technical Monitor Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

ABSTRACT Verification calculations were performed to provide assurance that the MILDOS computer code is performing its calculations as intended, that is, the models are properly implemented in the code. MILDOS is used to estimate the radiological impacts from airborne emissions from uranium milling facilities. It provides the capability to consider both conventional uranium ore operations and operations associated with in situ recovery facilities. The code is used by license applicants and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff to perform routine radiological impact estimates for the licensing of various uranium recovery operations. Independent verification of the calculations was performed external to the computer code in spreadsheets using Microsoft Excel. All major portions of the code were investigated. The verification was conducted on a step-by-step basis and used five sample test cases as templates. Calculations were performed to verify the reported radionuclide release rates, air dispersion results, environmental media concentrations, and human exposure doses.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... xi 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Sample Test Cases ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.3 Calculations Verified Directory ....................................................................................... 1-2 1.3.1 Radionuclide Release Rates ............................................................................ 1-2 1.3.2 Air Transport .................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3.3 Environmental Media Concentrations .............................................................. 1-2 1.3.4 Human Exposure ............................................................................................. 1-3 1.4 Report Organization ....................................................................................................... 1-4 2 RELEASE CALCULATIONS ................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Point Source ................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Area Source ................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.3 New Well Field Source ................................................................................................... 2-5 2.4 Well Field Related Sources ............................................................................................ 2-5 2.5 Drying/Packaging Source ............................................................................................... 2-6 2.6 Land Application Source ................................................................................................ 2-6 3 ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION ............................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Effective Release Height ................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Downwind Direct Air Concentrations .............................................................................. 3-6 3.2.1 No Plume Reflection ........................................................................................ 3-6 3.2.2 Plume Reflection ............................................................................................ 3-10 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA CONCENTRATIONS .................................................. 4-1 4.1 Radionuclide Ground Concentrations ............................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Radionuclide Air Concentrations .................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.1 Resuspension .................................................................................................. 4-4 4.2.2 Total Air Concentrations................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.2.1 Particulates ............................................................................................ 4-4 4.2.2.2 Radon .................................................................................................... 4-9 4.3 Vegetation Concentrations ........................................................................................... 4-23 4.4 Meat and Milk Concentrations ...................................................................................... 4-24 5 HUMAN EXPOSURE MODELS .............................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Inhalation........................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Particulates ...................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.2 Radon............................................................................................................... 5-2 5.2 External .......................................................................................................................... 5-4 5.3 Ingestion......................................................................................................................... 5-6 v

APPENDIX A Variable Definitions ............................................................................ A-1 APPENDIX B Case 1 User File Input Summary ....................................................... B-1 APPENDIX C Case 2 User File Input Summary ....................................................... C-1 APPENDIX D Case 3a User File Input Summary ..................................................... D-1 APPENDIX E Case 3b User File Input Summary ...................................................... E-1 APPENDIX F Case 3c User File Input Summary ...................................................... F-1 vi

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 Hand Calculation of the Particulate Emission Rate from the Ore Pad for the Sixth Wind Speed Category in Case 1 .................................................................. 2-3 Figure 2-2 Hand Calculation of the Particulate Radionuclide Release Rates from the Ore Pad in Case 1 ................................................................................................. 2-5 Figure 2-3 Hand Calculation of the Radon Release Rates from the New Well Field in Case 2 ................................................................................................................... 2-5 Figure 2-4 Hand Calculation of the Component Radon Releases from the Production Well Field in Case 2 .............................................................................................. 2-7 Figure 2-5 Hand Calculation of the Total Radon Release Rates from the Production Well Field in Case 2 ............................................................................ 2-8 Figure 2-6 Hand Calculation of the Radon Releases from the Restoration Well Field in Case 2 ...................................................................................................... 2-9 Figure 2-7 Hand Calculation of the Annual Activity Released from the Yellowcake Stack in Case 1 ................................................................................................... 2-10 Figure 2-8 Hand Calculation of the Activity Released from the Land Application Area in Case 2 at Time Step 4 ............................................................................ 2-11 Figure 3-1 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a for the Momentum-Driven Plume...................................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3-2 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 54 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a for the Momentum-Driven Plume...................................................................................... 3-3 Figure 3-3 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3c for the Buoyancy-Induced Plume ..................................................................................... 3-4 Figure 3-4 Hand Calculation of the Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise in Case 3c for 7.7 m Particulates ............................................................................................... 3-5 Figure 3-5 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ................................................... 3-7 Figure 3-6 Hand Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength in 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ..................... 3-8 Figure 3-7 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 54 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ................................................... 3-9 Figure 3-8 Hand Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength in 54 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ................... 3-10 Figure 3-9 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3c at Time Step 1 ................................................. 3-11 Figure 3-10 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ..................................... 3-12 Figure 3-11 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a.................... 3-13 Figure 3-12 Hand Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength for 7.7 m Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ....... 3-14 Figure 3-13 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m Particulates for the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a ................................................................................................... 3-15 vii

Figure 3-14 Hand Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength for 7.7 m Particulates at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ................................................................................... 3-16 Figure 3-15 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ......................................................................................................... 3-17 Figure 4-1 Hand Calculation of the Direct Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location in Case 1 ................................................................................. 4-1 Figure 4-2 Hand Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location in Case 1 ................................................................................. 4-2 Figure 4-3 Hand Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 .................................................... 4-3 Figure 4-4 Hand Calculation of the Direct Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10-20 km SSW on the Population Grid in Case 1 ..................................................................................... 4-4 Figure 4-5 Hand Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10-20 km SSW on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ......................................................... 4-5 Figure 4-6 Hand Calculation of the Ground Concentration of Po-218 from Rn-222 Decay at 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 1 in Case 3a ......................................................................................... 4-6 Figure 4-7 Hand Calculation of the Resuspended Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ........................................... 4-7 Figure 4-8 Hand Calculation of the Resuspended Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10-20 km SSW on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ......................................................... 4-8 Figure 4-9 Hand Calculation of the Total Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location and the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ......................................................... 4-9 Figure 4-10 Hand Calculation of the Total Air Concentration of U-238 from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location and the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ...................... 4-9 Figure 4-11 Hand Calculation of the Effective Release Height and Effective Wind Speed for a Gas at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a ........................... 4-10 Figure 4-12 Hand Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a ................................................................... 4-11 Figure 4-13 Hand Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a ................................................................... 4-11 Figure 4-14 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 ............ 4-12 Figure 4-15 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 ................. 4-13 Figure 4-16 Hand Calculation of the Effective Buoyancy-Induced Plume Release Height and Effective Wind Speed for a Gas (including Radon) at the N Receptor Location in Case 3c.......................................................................... 4-14 viii

Figure 4-17 Hand Calculation of the Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise in Case 3c for Gases (including Radon) at the N Receptor Location ......................................... 4-15 Figure 4-18 Hand Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c ................................................................... 4-16 Figure 4-19 Hand Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c ................................................................... 4-16 Figure 4-20 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 ................. 4-17 Figure 4-21 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 ................. 4-18 Figure 4-22 Hand Calculation of the Effective Momentum-Driven Plume Release Height and Effective Wind Speed for a Gas at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ............................... 4-19 Figure 4-23 Hand Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ............................... 4-20 Figure 4-24 Hand Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 ............................... 4-20 Figure 4-25 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 ............................................................................... 4-21 Figure 4-26 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 ............................................................................... 4-22 Figure 4-27 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Po-218 Daughter Product of Rn-222 ............................................................................... 4-23 Figure 4-28 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in aboveground and belowground Vegetables and Potatoes at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............ 4-25 Figure 4-29 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in Animal Feed, Meat, and Milk at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 .................................................. 4-26 Figure 4-30 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in aboveground and belowground Vegetables and Potatoes at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ......................................................................................... 4-27 Figure 4-31 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in Animal Feed, Meat, and Milk at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ....................................................... 4-28 Figure 5-1 Inhalation Dose Rate to Nearest Resident NNW from U-238 from All Particulates (7.7 m and 54 m) from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 ........................................................................................... 5-1 Figure 5-2 Population Inhalation Dose from U-238 from the Ore Pad at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 .................................................................................................... 5-3 Figure 5-3 Radon Inhalation Dose to Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 ................................................................................ 5-4 Figure 5-4 Radon Inhalation Population Dose from All Sources at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 ...................... 5-5 ix

Figure 5-5 External Dose from Groundshine and Cloudshine from U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............................... 5-6 Figure 5-6 Ingestion Dose from U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates to Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1.......................................... 5-7 Figure 5-7 Sample Calculations Used in Population Ingestion Dose Analysis for U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 ........................................................................................... 5-7 Figure 5-8 Activity of U-238 in Food from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid at Time Step 4 in Case 1 ........................................................................................... 5-9 Figure 5-9 Population Ingestion Dose from U-238 from the Ore Pad from Food Grown at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid at Time Step 4 in Case 1 ............................................................................. 5-10 x

LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Sample Test Case Emission Sources ................................................................... 2-1 Table 2-2 Calculated Radionuclide Release Rates for the Grizzly Dump Hopper................. 2-2 Table 2-3 Particulate Emission Rate Data for Case 1 ........................................................... 2-4 Table 3-1 Comparison of MILDOS Direct Downwind Air Concentrations of Ra-226 during Time Step 1 with the Verification Spreadsheet for Case 3a .......... 3-8 Table 5-1 Fraction of Food Type Consumed by Age Group .................................................. 5-9 xi

1 INTRODUCTION The MILDOS computer code is used to estimate the radiological impacts from airborne emissions from uranium milling facilities. It provides the capability to consider both conventional uranium ore operations and operations associated with in situ recovery (ISR) facilities. The code is used by license applicants and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff to perform routine radiological impact estimates for the licensing of various uranium recovery operations.

The technical reference and user manual for version 4 of the MILDOS computer code is provided in NUREG/CR-7258 (Technical Manual and Users Guide for MILDOS Version 4.1),

hereinafter referred to as the manual. This companion report documents the process used to verify the proper operation of version 4.1 of the computer code. It provides assurance that the code is performing the calculations as intended, that is, the models are properly implemented in the code.

1.1 Scope Independent verification of the calculations was performed external to the computer code in spreadsheets using Microsoft Excel 2016 (a component of Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2016). All major portions of the code were investigated. The verification was conducted on a step-by-step basis and used five test cases as templates. MILDOS user application files are in the SQLite database file format.

The types of calculations evaluated are summarized in Section 1.3. The calculations are presented as figures (of the stylized equations in the spreadsheet) throughout this document.

The equation numbers shown next to the calculations correspond with the equation numbers in the MILDOS manual. Consideration of all possible option combinations is not practical, but the calculations considered cover the basic operations of the code (e.g., radionuclide release, air dispersion, and deposition) and all major options (e.g., choice of plume rise model and Rn-222 outdoor equilibrium factor).

1.2 Sample Test Cases Five sample test cases were used to evaluate the proper operation of the code. Case 1 contains emission sources that could be found at a typical hard rock uranium milling facility. Case 2 involves emission sources typical of an ISR uranium facility. All source type options were exercised. Case 3a considers single stability class - wind speed meteorological data combinations for each direction; Case 3b considers the combined set, from Case 3a for a single direction to show proper operation of the air dispersion model. Case 3c is the same as Case 3a with the exception that the point source is modeled with buoyancy-induced plume rise rather than momentum-driven plume rise. Table 2-1 lists the emission source names and source types used. Detailed user input for each case is presented in the appendices.

The sample test cases are illustrative for verification purposes only and are not intended to be representative of any actual scenario. Likewise, the input values used in sample cases are for verification purposes only and are not intended to be representative of any specific facility, source type, or location. The default user input parameter values in MILDOS are only placeholders. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the appropriate value for each user input for a given scenario that is to be assessed.

1-1

1.3 Calculations Verified Directory 1.3.1 Radionuclide Release Rates

Point Source (Case 1; Table 2-2)

Area Source o Source Area Size (Section 2.2 discussion) o Particulate Emission (Erosion Model) (Case 1; Figs. 2-1 and 2-2, Table 2-3)

New Well Field Source (Case 2; Fig. 2-3)

Well Field Source (Case 2; Figs. 2-4, 2-5, and 2-6)

Well Field Purge Source (Case 2; Figs. 2-4, 2-5, and 2-6)

Well Field Ion Exchange Source (Case 2; Figs. 2-4 and 2-5)

Drying/Packaging Source (Case 1; Fig. 2-7)

Land Application Source (Case 2; Fig. 2-8) 1.3.2 Air Transport

Effective Release Height/Wind Speed o Momentum-Driven Plume Rise Particulates

- Individual Receptor (non-mixing plume) (7.7 µm and 54 µm) (Case 3a; Figs. 3-1 and 3-2)

- Individual Receptor (mixing plume) (7.7 µm) (Case 3a; Fig. 3-11)

- Population (mixing plume) (7.7 µm) (Case 3a; Fig. 3-13)

Radon

- Individual Receptor (non-mixing plume) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-11)

- Population (mixing plume) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-22) o Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise Particulates

- Individual Receptor (non-mixing plume) (7.7 µm) (Case 3c; Figs. 3-3 and 3-4)

Radon

- Individual Receptor (non-mixing plume) (Case 3a; Figs. 4-16 and 4-17)

Direct Downwind Air Concentration (particulates with plume depletion) o Non-Mixing Plume Individual Receptor (momentum-driven plume rise) (7.7 µm and 54 µm)

(Case 3a; Figs. 3-5 to 3-8 and 4-1)

Individual Receptor (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (7.7 µm) (Case 3a; Fig. 3-9) o Mixing Plume Individual Receptor (momentum-driven plume rise) (7.7 µm) (Case 3a; Figs. 3-10 and 3-12)

Population (momentum-driven plume rise) (7.7 µm) (Case 3a; Figs. 3-14, 3-15, and 4-4) 1.3.3 Environmental Media Concentrations

Ground Concentrations (particulates only) o Individual Receptor (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Figs. 4-2 and 4-3) o Population (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-5) 1-2

o Population (Rn-222 daughter Po-218) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-6)

Air Concentrations o Resuspension (particulates only)

Individual Receptor (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-7)

Population (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-8) o Total Air Concentrations (direct + resuspended)

Individual Receptor (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-9)

Individual Receptor (particulate total) (Case 1; Fig. 4-10)

Population (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-9)

Population (particulate total) (Case 1; Fig. 4-10) o Radon Individual Receptor

- Rn-220 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-12)

- Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-13)

- Pb-212 Daughter of Rn-220 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-14)

- Pb-214 Daughter of Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-15)

- Rn-220 (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (Case 3c; Fig. 4-18)

- Rn-222 (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (Case 3c; Fig. 4-19)

- Pb-212 Daughter of Rn-220 (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (Case 3c; Fig. 4-20)

- Pb-214 Daughter of Rn-222 (buoyancy-induced plume rise) (Case 3c; Fig. 4-21)

Population

- Rn-220 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-23)

- Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-24)

- Pb-212 Daughter of Rn-220 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-25)

- Pb-214 Daughter of Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-26)

- Po-218 Daughter of Rn-222 (momentum-driven plume rise) (Case 3a; Fig. 4-27)

Vegetation Concentrations o Human Consumables Individual Receptor (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-28)

Population (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-30) o Animal Feed Individual Receptor (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-29)

Population (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-31)

Meat and Milk Concentrations o Individual Receptor (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-29) o Population (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 4-31) 1.3.4 Human Exposure

Inhalation o Particulates Dose Conversion Factor Calculation (Case 1; Fig. 5-1)

Individual Receptor (particulate total) (Case 1; Fig. 5-1)

Population (particulate total) (Case 1; Fig. 5-2) 1-3

o Radon (Rn-220 and Rn-222)

Individual Receptor (Case 1; Fig. 5-3)

Population (Case 1; Fig. 5-4)

External (groundshine and cloudshine) o Individual Receptor (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-5) o Population (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-5)

Ingestion o Individual Receptor (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-6) o Population Fraction of Meat Produced in Population Segment Consumed by Adults (Case 1; Fig. 5-7)

Average Vegetable Concentrations in Population Segment (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-7)

Fraction of Food Type Consumed by Age Group (Case 1; Table 5-1)

Total Activity in Food in Population Segment (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-8)

Ingestion Dose by Age Group in Population Segment (7.7 µm) (Case 1; Fig. 5-9) 1.4 Report Organization The presentation order of the calculation verification follows the general order of the calculation order when estimating impacts. The first two test cases used as the basis for the code verification are described in Section 2 along with verification of the estimated radionuclide release amounts for each case. Section 3 considers the air dispersion calculations using the other three test cases. The resulting media concentrations (air, ground, plant, and animal) are examined in Section 4. Human exposure calculations are considered in Section 5.

1-4

2 RELEASE CALCULATIONS This Section examines the calculations used to estimate the amount of radionuclides released for each of the emission source types considered in MILDOS. The estimated release of activity for each source type is calculated according to the methodology provided in the MILDOS manual and compared with the results in the sample case files generated by the computer code to verify proper operation of the code.

2.1 Point Source The point source in Case 1 is the Grizzly Dump Hopper as listed in Table 2-1. The actual radionuclide release rate (the adjusted release rate) is the product of the user input release rate for a given radionuclide and the appropriate time step adjustment factor for particulates or radon. Table 2-2 lists the user release rate input, the particulate and radon adjustment factors for each of the four time steps, and the adjusted radionuclide release rates.

Table 2-1 Sample Test Case Emission Sources Case No. Source No. Source Name Source Type 1 1 Yellowcake Stack Drying/Packaging Source 2 Ore Pad Area Source 3 Grizzly Dump Hopper Point Source 4 Tailings Area 1 Area Source 5 Tailings Area 2 Area Source 6 Tailings Area 3 Area Source 2 1 Dryer Stack Drying/Packaging Source 2 New Well Field New Well Field Source 3 Production Well Field Well Field Source 4 Production Well Field - ISR Purge Source purge 5 Production Well Field - IX ISR Ion Exchange Source 6 Restoration Well Field Well Field Source 7 Restoration Well Field - ISR Purge Source purge 8 Land Application Area Land Application Area Source 3a, 3b, 3c 1 Point Source 1 Point Source, same source term as the Grizzly Dump Hopper source in Case 1 2-1

Table 2-2 Calculated Radionuclide Release Rates for the Grizzly Dump Hopper Release Adjusted Release Rate during Time Step (Ci/yr)

Rate Input Time Step Nuclide (Ci/yr) 1 2 3 4 U-238 0.026 0.0208 0.026 0.026 0.0234 U-234 Th-230 0.026 0.0208 0.026 0.026 0.0234 Ra-226 0.026 0.0208 0.026 0.026 0.0234 Pb-210 0.026 0.0208 0.026 0.026 0.0234 Bi-210 Po-210 Th-232 0.0008 0.00064 0.0008 0.0008 0.00072 Ra-228 0.0008 0.00064 0.0008 0.0008 0.00072 Ac-228 Th-228 0.0008 0.00064 0.0008 0.0008 0.00072 Ra-224 Rn-222 42 33.6 42 42 37.8 Rn-220 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.35 Particulate adjustment factor 0.8 1 1 0.9 Radon adjustment factor 0.8 1 1 0.9 2.2 Area Source In MILDOS, the particulate radionuclide release rate for an area source is dependent on the concentration of the radionuclide in the soil, the average emission (release) rate of particulate material per unit area, and the source area. Three types of area sources may be defined in MILDOS according to their geometry: circular, rectangular, or polygonal. Circular sources are defined by their radius (r) (area = r2), rectangular sources by their length (l) and width (w) (area

= l x w), and polygonal sources by the locations of their vertices, the area being calculated by the GIS module.

The Ore Pad in Case 1 is defined as a circular area source with a radius of 100 m. The area of the source is therefore r2 = 31,416 m2, as is shown in the user interface and the standard results output. In MILDOS, the particulate emission rate can be either input directly by the user or estimated using the particulate erosion model. The particulate erosion model was used for the Ore Pad. Figure 2-1 shows the calculation of the particulate emission rate for the sixth wind 2-2

Particulate emission rate 3.0 p (unitless) 3 0.000002 1.0872 Cv (g/m-s) 1 u* (m/s) 2.09E-04 = 94.12 x x x - 1 (2.2) 3 qv (g/m2-s) qh (g/m-s) 100 0.2910 0.2910 Ch (g-s 2/m4) u*t (s 3/m3) u*t (m/s)

Shear velocity 12.51712 uz (m/s) 1.0872 = (2.3) u* (m/s) 10 z w (m) 2.5 x ln 0.1 z o (g/m-s)

Threshold shear velocity 1/2 2-3 2400000 - 1200 3 3 p (g/m ) a (g/m )

0.2910 = 0.1 x x 9.8067 x 0.0003 x 1.8 + 0.6

log10 0.1 (2.4) u*t (m/s) Ct (unitless) 1200 g (m/s 2) d (m) W (wt. percent) 3 a (g/m )

Horizontal flux 2

94.12 = 100 x 1.0872 x 1.0872 - 0.2910 (2.5) qh (g/m-s) Ch (g-s 2/m4) u* (m/s) u* (m/s) u*t (m/s)

Figure 2-1 Hand Calculation of the Particulate Emission Rate (qv) from the Ore Pad for the Sixth Wind Speed Category in Case 1

speed category represented by a wind speed of 12.51 m/s. The total particulate emission rate (6.09 x 10-6 g/m2-s) is based on the weighted average of the value calculated for each wind speed category. Table 2-3 lists the wind speed for each wind speed category, the particulate emission rate calculated for each wind speed, and the fraction of time that the wind is blowing at each wind speed (from the joint-frequency distribution data in the Case 1 user file). Figure 2-2 shows the particulate radionuclide release rate calculations according to Equation 2.1 in the manual. These values match those shown in the standard results output (Table heading -

Source Release Terms before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y]) and are multiplied by the radon or radon adjustment factor for a given time step when estimating doses for that time step.

The dimensions of the Tailings Pile 1 rectangular area source are defined as 378 m by 378 m.

The source area is therefore 142,884 m2, which is correctly reported by the user interface and in the standard results output. A set of calculations for Tailings Pile 1 particulate radionuclide releases were performed similar to those shown in Figure 2-2 for the Ore Pad and compared with the standard results output for the Tailings Pile 1 source. The two sets of results matched.

For the Tailings Pile 3 polygonal area source, the area is reported as 840,000 m3 as determined by the GIS module and reported in the user interface and the standard results output. This source can be decomposed to adjoining rectangles and right triangles, the areas of which can be calculated and summed to obtain the same value of 840,000 m3.

A set of calculations for Tailings Pile 3 particulate radionuclide releases were performed similar to those shown in Figure 2-2 for the Ore Pad and compared with the standard results output for the Tailings Pile 3 source. The two sets of results matched.

Table 2-3 Particulate Emission Rate Data for Case 1a Wind Fraction of Particulate Speedb Time at Emission (m/s) Speedc Rated (g/m-s) 0.671 0.21091 0 2.459 0.27333 0 4.470 0.29776 3.98E-7 6.929 0.16841 9.76E-6 9.611 0.03979 5.75E-5 12.52 0.00976 2.09E-4 a For particle density of 2.4 gm/cm3.

b MILDOS default wind speeds for each of the six wind speed categories.

c From joint frequency data in Case 1 user file.

d Calculated using the erosion model in the verification spreadsheet.

2-4

Particulate Radionuclide Release Rates from the Ore Pad 3.91E-03 = 647 x 6.09E-06 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1)

U-238 (Ci/yr) Ua (pCi/g) qv (g/m2-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi) 3.91E-03 = 647 x 6.09E-06 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1)

Th-230 (Ci/yr) Th-230a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi) 3.91E-03 = 647 x 6.09E-06 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1)

Ra-226 (Ci/yr) Ra-226a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi) 3.91E-03 = 647 x 6.09E-06 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1)

Pb-210 (Ci/yr) Pb-210a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi) 1.03E-04 = 17 x 6.09E-06 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1)

Th-232 (Ci/yr) Th-232a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi) 1.03E-04 = 17 x 6.09E-06 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1)

Ra-228 (Ci/yr) Ra-228a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi) 1.03E-04 = 17 x 6.09E-06 x 31416 x 31557600 x 1.00E-12 (2.1)

Th-228 (Ci/yr) Th-228a (pCi/g) qv (g/m2-s) As (m2) (s/yr) (Ci/pCi)

Figure 2-2 Hand Calculation of the Particulate Radionuclide Release Rates from the Ore Pad in Case 1 2.3 New Well Field Source The amount of radon released during the installation of a new well field calculated by MILDOS is assumed to depend on the emission of radon from radium in the mud pits associated with the drilling of new wells. Thus, the release rate of radon depends on the concentration of radium in the ore (CoRa), the emanating power for radon from radium in particulates (ERn222 or ERn220), the amount of material in each mud pit (More), the storage time in the mud pit (tpit), and the number of mud pits generated per year (Npit). The new well field source in Case 2 is identified as New Well Field. The calculations for the release rates of Rn-222 and Rn-220 are shown in Figure 2-3. Both release rate values match those in the standard results output for Case 2.

New Well Field Source Release Rates 2.71E-02 = 1.00E-12 x 0.25 x 0.181 x 300 x 10 x 4750000 x 42 (2.7)

Rn222nw (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) ERn222 (unitless) Rn222 (1/d) CoRa226 (pCi/g) tpit (d) More (g) Npit (1/yr) 3.22E+00 = 1.00E-12 x 0.15 x 1077 x 10 x 10 x 4750000 x 42 (2.8)

Rn220nw (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) ERn220 (unitless) Rn220 (1/d) CoRa224 (pCi/g) tpit (d) More (g) Npit (1/yr)

Figure 2-3 Hand Calculation of the Radon Release Rates from the New Well Field in Case 2

2.4 Well Field Related Sources The amount of radon released from production and restoration well fields may be generated by up to three sources: well venting, purge water, and ion exchange resin unloading. All three processes depend on the radon concentration in the process water circulating through the well field. The radon concentration depends on the fraction of the radon source in the circulating water (fRn); the emanation power and decay constant (Rn222 or Rn220) of radon; the concentration 2-5

of radium in the ore ([Ra-226] or [Ra-224]); the active area of the ore zone (A); the average thickness of the ore zone (D); the bulk density of the ore material (); the vent rate of radon (vRn); the volume of water circulating through the well field (V); the purge rate of treated water (Fp); and the water discharge rate from resin unloading (Fix) if applicable.

The well field source type in MILDOS 4 is associated with the well venting release of radon and is considered to be an area source. The purge water and ion exchange source types are considered to be point sources, and each must be associated with a well field source because the amount of radon released is dependent on the water from that well field source. Typically, both production and restoration well fields will be associated with at least one purge source, and a production well field will be associated with at least one ion exchange source.

The concentrations of Rn-222 and Rn-220 in the production well field process water for Case 2 were estimated as shown in the top of Figure 2-4. These concentrations were then used in the estimation of radon releases from the purge water, the venting process, and the ion exchange unloading as shown in the lower portion of Figure 2-4. The total radon releases are the sum of these processes as shown in Figure 2-5. The estimated total release of 1,092 Ci/yr of Rn-222 and 23.9 Ci/yr of Rn-220 match the standard output results for Case 2.

Operation of a restoration well field is similar to that for the production well field. In this instance, there is no contribution to the radon release rate from the unloading of ion exchange resin, and the restoration activities may not run continuously throughout the year. Figure 2-6 presents the calculation of the radon release rates from the restoration well field for Case 2. As can be seen, the estimated total release of 683 Ci/yr of Rn-222 and 14.4 Ci/yr of Rn-220 match the standard output results for Case 2.

2.5 Drying/Packaging Source Estimation of the amount of activity in particulate matter that escapes from a drying/packaging source depends on the daily production rate of yellowcake at the facility (RYC); the fraction released to the stack (fs); the amount of U-238 in yellowcake; the specific activity of U-238 (U238sa); and the fractional amounts of Th-238, Ra-226, and Pb-210 relative to the release amount of U-238 (Th238dp, Ra226dp, and Pb210dp, respectively). Because isolated yellowcake (U3O8) is modeled, the contribution from U-238 daughter nuclides will be small, and no thorium ore radionuclides are considered in MILDOS for this type of source. Calculations for the activity released from the yellowcake stack source modeled in Case 1 are provided in Figure 2-7.

2.6 Land Application Source The emitted activity from a land application source depends on the past irrigation of the subject source area with water containing low levels of radionuclides and the retention of any radionuclides by the soil. Emission of the activity is assumed to occur via wind erosion of the contaminated soil.

To estimate the radionuclide concentration in the soil, a number of parameters are required including the concentration of the radionuclide in the irrigation water (Ciw); the water application rate (Rw); the source area (As); the depth of soil penetration (Ds); the soil bulk density (s); the number of time steps considered and their duration (tsi) for the ith time step; the particulate source term adjustment factor for each time step (PAi); the soil volume water content (w); decay constants to account for radioactive decay (i) and for environmental loss from the soil (e); and the radionuclide distribution coefficient for soil (Kd).

2-6

Radon Concentration in Circulating 'Production Well Field' Water 1.00E+06 x 300 x 270000 x 7 x 1.8 x 0.25 x 0.181 x 0.8 (cm3/m3) CoRa226 (pCi/g) A (m2) D (m) 3 (g/cm ) ERn222 (unitless) Rn222 (1/d) fRn (unitless) 1.01E+08 = (2.14)

CwRn222 (pCi/L) 0.181 + 0.001 x 1850000 + 18500 + 10560 Rn222 (1/d) vRn (1/d) V c (L) Fp (L/d) Fix (L/d) 1.00E+06 x 10 x 270000 x 7 x 1.8 x 0.15 x 1077 x 0.8 (cm3/m3) CoRa224 (pCi/g) Ao (m2) Do (m) 3 o (g/cm ) ERn220 (unitless) Rn220 (1/d) fRn (unitless) 2.21E+06 = (2.15)

CwRn220 (pCi/L) 1077 + 0.001 x 1850000 + 18500 + 10560 Rn220 (1/d) vRn (1/d) V c (L) Fp (L/d) Fix (L/d)

Radon Release Rates from Associated Purge Water (point source) 6.54E+02 = 1.00E-12 x 1.01E+08 x 18500 x 350 (2.16)

Rn222w (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) CwRn222 (pCi/L) Fp (L/d) dop (d/yr) 1.43E+01 = 1.00E-12 x 2.21E+06 x 18500 x 350 (2.17)

Rn220w (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) CwRn220 (pCi/L) Fp (L/d) dop (d/yr) 2-7 Radon Release Rates from Associated Venting (area source) 6.54E+01 = 1.00E-12 x 0.001 x 1.01E+08 x 1850000 x 350 (2.18)

Rn222v (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) vRn (1/d) CwRn222 (pCi/L) V c (L) dop (d/yr) 1.43E+00 = 1.00E-12 x 0.001 x 2.21E+06 x 1850000 x 350 (2.19)

Rn220v (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) vRn (1/d) CwRn220 (pCi/L) V c (L) dop (d/yr)

Radon Release Rates From Associated Ion Exchange Unloading (point source) 10560 = 2 x 13200 x 0.4 (2.13)

Fix (L/d) Nix (1/d) V ix (L) Pix (unitless) 3.73E+02 = 1.00E-12 x 1.01E+08 x 10560 x 350 (2.20)

Rn222ix (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) CwRn222 (pCi/L) Fix (L/d) dop (d/yr) 8.16E+00 = 1.00E-12 x 2.21E+06 x 10560 x 350 (2.21)

Rn220ix (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) CwRn220 (pCi/L) Fix (L/d) dop (d/yr)

Figure 2-4 Hand Calculation of the Component Radon Releases from the Production Well Field in Case 2

Total Radon Release Rates from the Production Well Field 1.09E+03 = 6.54E+02 + 6.54E+01 + 3.73E+02 Rn222pw (Ci/yr) Rn222w (Ci/yr) Rn222v (Ci/yr) Rn222ix (Ci/yr) 2.39E+01 = 1.43E+01 + 1.43E+00 + 8.16E+00 Rn220pw (Ci/yr) Rn220w (Ci/yr) Rn220v (Ci/yr) Rn220ix (Ci/yr)

Figure 2-5 Hand Calculation of the Total Radon Release Rates from the Production Well Field in Case 2 Figure 2-8 presents the calculations to estimate the emission of Ra-226 from the land application area at time step 4. The overall decay constant for Ra-226 is first calculated for later use in calculating the soil concentration. A retardation factor of 22,600 (Equation 2.28) is estimated for calculating the fraction of Ra-226 in the applied water in the soil - a value of 1 as determined by Equation 2.27. This value is then used in Equation 2.30 to calculate a concentration of 0.00789 pCi/g of Ra-226 in the irrigated soil at time step 4. The emission rate of Ra-226 is then calculated using Equation 2.1 to obtain 6.11E-14 Ci/s.

Because, unlike the other source types, the release rate of radionuclides from a land application source depends on the current and previous time steps, these intermediate results are not stored in the user file. To verify the calculated emission rate, it was multiplied by the normalized air concentration at the north fence line (taken from the Case 2 interactive results output) to obtain the direct air concentration of Ra-226 due to the land application area at that receptor location. Since the air concentrations reported by MILDOS include contributions from resuspension of previously deposited material, the Case 2 input was run with the resuspension deposition velocity set to 1E-5 m/s (its minimum value) to essentially zero out the resuspension contribution to the air concentration. The verification result of 1.42E-20 Ci/m3 for the Ra-226 air concentration as shown at the bottom of Figure 2-8 matched the result obtained for the Ra-226 concentration for time step 4 when resuspension is not considered.

2-8

Radon Concentration in Circulating 'Restoration Well Field' Water 1.00E+06 x 300 x 270000 x 7 x 1.8 x 0.25 x 0.181 x 0.8 (cm3/m3) CoRa226 (pCi/g) Ao (m2) Do (m) 3 o (g/cm ) ERn222 (unitless) Rn222 (1/d) fRn (unitless) 1.05E+08 = (2.14)

CwRn222 (pCi/L) 0.181 + 0.001 x 1850000 + 16000 Rn222 (1/d) vRn (1/d) V c (L) Fp (L/d) 1.00E+06 x 10 x 270000 x 7 x 1.8 x 0.15 x 1077 x 0.8 (cm3/m3) CoRa224 (pCi/g) Ao (m2) Do (m) 3 o (g/cm ) ERn220 (unitless) Rn220 (1/d) fRn (unitless) 2.21E+06 =

CwRn220 (pCi/L) 1077 + 0.001 x 1850000 + 16000 (2.15)

Rn220 (1/d) vRn (1/d) V c (L) Fp (L/d)

Radon Release Rates from Associated Purge Water 6.12E+02 = 1.00E-12 x 1.05E+08 x 16000 x 365 (2.16)

Rn222w (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) CwRn222 (pCi/L) Fp (L/d) dop (d/yr) 1.29E+01 = 1.00E-12 x 2.21E+06 x 16000 x 365 (2.17)

Rn220w (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) CwRn220 (pCi/L) Fp (L/d) dop (d/yr) 2-9 Radon Release Rates from Associated Venting 7.07E+01 = 1.00E-12 x 0.001 x 1.05E+08 x 1850000 x 365 (2.18)

Rn222v (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) vRn (1/d) CwRn222 (pCi/L) V c (L) dop (d/yr) 1.49E+00 = 1.00E-12 x 0.001 x 2.21E+06 x 1850000 x 365 (2.19)

Rn220v (Ci/yr) (Ci/pCi) vRn (1/d) CwRn220 (pCi/L) V c (L) dop (d/yr)

Figure 2-6 Hand Calculation of the Radon Releases from the Restoration Well Field in Case 2

Drying / Packaging Source Release Rates 7.15E-02 = 365.25 x 700 x 848 x 3.3E-07 x 1.0E-03 (2.22)

U238dp (Ci/yr) (d/yr) RY C (kg/d) (g U /kg U3O8) U238sa (Ci/g) fs (unitless) 3.58E-04 = 7.15E-02 x 0.005 (2.23)

TH230dp (Ci/yr) U238dp (Ci/yr) fTh (unitless) 3.58E-04 = 7.15E-02 x 0.005 (2.24)

RA226dp (Ci/yr) U238dp (Ci/yr) fRa (unitless) 3.58E-04 = 7.15E-02 x 0.005 (2.25)

PB210dp (Ci/yr) U238dp (Ci/yr) fothers (unitless)

Figure 2-7 Hand Calculation of the Annual Activity Released from the Yellowcake Stack in Case 1 2-10

Figure 2-8 Hand Calculation of the Activity Released from the Land Application Area in Case 2 at Time Step 4 (3 micron) 2-11

2-12 3 ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION This Section examines the calculations used to estimate the downwind dispersion of gases and particulates. The outcome is the (direct) normalized air concentration of a gas or a specific particulate plume at a given receptor location. Note that in the case of particulates for which ground concentrations are calculated (see Table 2-1 in the manual), the total air concentration at the receptor location includes a contribution from resuspension. The air concentration contribution from resuspension is covered in Section 4.2.1.

The calculated air concentration for a specific particle size from a specific source at a specific receptor location is the sum of the weighted averages of the fraction of time (frequency) that the wind is blowing in the direction of the receptor from the source at particular wind speed/weather stability class combinations. Knowing the radionuclide concentration per mass of particulate, the radionuclide concentration can then be calculated. To check the proper downwind air concentrations of radionuclides, the scenarios in the Case 3a, Case 3b, and Case 3c example files are used to check the proper calculation of downwind radionuclide concentrations at the individual receptors all located at a distance of 1 km from the source. The Case 3a file has a single point source with a single receptor at a distance of 1 km in each of the 16 directions used in the model. Each direction has only one stability class/wind speed value assigned in the joint frequency distribution data.

The sample calculations covered in the following sections review the calculations to estimate the effective release height (Section 3.1) and the radionuclide concentrations from the Gaussian plume model used in the code (Section 3.2) for a given radionuclide/particle size for a given stability class/wind speed combination. To show the proper summation of results from multiple stability class/wind speed combinations for the same direction, the sum of results from all 16 receptors in Case 3a are compared with the air concentration results from Case 3b where only one receptor at 1 km is considered using the same stability class/wind speed combinations from Case 3a, but all occurring in the direction of the one receptor.

3.1 Effective Release Height In Case 3a, a point source with a momentum driven plume rise involving the release of particulates having a distribution set of 30 percent with a 7.7 m diameter and 70 percent with a 54 m diameter is evaluated. The first equation in Figure 3-1 evaluates the plumes effective release height (H; 17.7 m) of the 7.7 m diameter particulates at a distance of 1,000 m. The effective release height is a function of the release height (h; 15 m), plume rise due to the plumes momentum at the release location (h; 3.28 m), vertical settling (hv; 0.57 m), and any correction due to the receptors elevation relative to the source (0 m). Both the momentum plume rise and the vertical settling of the plume depend on the effective wind speed (UH) as calculated (7.55 m/s) for the receptor location.

The parallel set of calculations for the effective release height and wind speed for the 54 m particulates is presented in Figure 3-2. In this instance, the heavier particulates cause substantial settling of the plume with the effective plume height limited to ground level (0 m) for the receptor location.

3-1

Effective Release Height 17.71 = max ( 15.00 + 3.28 - 0.57 , 0)

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

-(1- 0.50 ) x min ( max ( 17.71 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep Plume (Vertical) Settling 1000 x 0.00427 x (m) Vs (m/s) 0.57 = (3.10) hv (m) 7.55 UH (m/s) 0.00427 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2 x 2.40 (3.11) 3 V s (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm )

Plume Rise Momentum Driven Plume 11 x 1.5 vs (m/s) ds (m) 3.28 = 1.5 x (3.2) h (m) 7.55 UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed If H <= 10 m N/A = 6.93 UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) else 0.15 17.71 p H (m) 7.55 = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00 z a (m)

N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-1 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a for the Momentum-Driven Plume 3-2

Effective Release Height 0.00 = max ( 15.00 + 3.57 - 30.30 , 0)

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

-(1- 0.50 ) x min ( max ( -11.72 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+ h-hv Er - E p Plume (Vertical) Settling 1000 x 0.20995 x (m) Vs (m/s) 30.30 = (3.10) hv (m) 6.93 UH (m/s) 0.210 = 3 x 10-5 x 54.00 2 x 2.40 (3.11) 3 Vs (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm )

Plume Rise Momentum Driven Plume 11 x 1.5 vs (m/s) ds (m) 3.57 = 1.5 x (3.2) h (m) 6.93 UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed If H <= 10 m 6.93 = 6.93 UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) else 0.15 0.00 p H (m)

N/A = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00 z a (m)

N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-2 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 54 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a for the Momentum-Driven Plume As a check on buoyant plume rise calculations, a second set of parallel calculations for the effective release height and wind speed for the 7.7 m particulates were conducted (Case 3c) using a buoyant plume rather than the momentum driven plume. The resulting values were 20.8 m and 7.74 m/s for the effective release height and wind speed, respectively, and 6.36 m for the buoyancy induced plume rise as shown in Figures 3.3 and 3.4.

3-3

Effective Release Height 20.81 = max ( 15.00 + 6.36 - 0.55 , 0)

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

-(1- 1.00 ) x min ( max ( 20.81 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -15.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv Er - Ep Plume (Vertical) Settling 1000 x 0.00427 x (m) Vs (m/s) 0.55 = (3.10) hv (m) 7.74 UH (m/s) 0.004 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2 x 2.40 (3.11) 3 V s (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm )

Plume Rise Momentum Driven Plume 11 x 1.5 vs (m/s) ds (m)

N/A = 1.5 x (3.2) h (m) 7.74 UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed If H <= 10 m N/A = 6.93 UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) else 0.15 20.81 p H (m) 7.74 = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00 z a (m)

N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-3 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3c for the Buoyancy-Induced Plume 3-4

Buouancy Induced Plume Unstable/Neutral Conditons (A-D) x <= 10 x stack height 1.6 N/A = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 1000000 ]1/3 (3.3) h (m) 7.74 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s) x 2 (m2)

UH (m/s) x > 10 x stack height 1.6 6.36 = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 100 x 225.00 ]1/3 (3.4) h (m) 7.74 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s) h2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

Stable Conditions (E,F)

Still expanding [x <= 2.4 (UH /s1/2) and U >= Utest]

1.6 N/A = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 1000000 ]1/3 (3.5) h (m) 7.74 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s) x 2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

Far limit [x > 2.4 (UH /s1/2) and U >= Utest]

3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 1/3 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s)

N/A = 2.9 x (3.6) h (m) 7.74 x 0.001213 UH (m/s) s (s -2)

Light wind, vertical rise (U < Utest)

[ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 ] 1/4 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s)

N/A = 5.0 x (3.7) 3/8 h (m) [ 0.001213 ]

s (s -2) s: stability parameter [g/

d/dz]

9.80665 g (m/s 2) 0.001213 = x 0.035 (3.8) s (s -2) 283 dT/dz + l (oK/m)

Ta(oK) wind speed cut-off 0.089862 = 0.195 x [3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 ] 1/4 x [ 0.001213 ] 1/8 (3.9)

Utest (m/s) (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s) s (s -2)

N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-4 Hand Calculation of the Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise in Case 3c for 7.7 m Particulates 3-5

3.2 Downwind Direct Air Concentrations 3.2.1 No Plume Reflection As shown in Figure 3-5 for Case 3a, the downwind air concentration of Ra-226 in the 7.7 m particulates is first calculated to be 5.68E-15 Ci/m3 without adjustments for the fraction of that particulate size released, the particulate adjustment factor (PA), and the wind frequency in the direction of the receptor. As determined using Equation 3.18, plume reflection is not considered (i.e., at a distance of 1,000 m, the plume has not reached the lid [mixing layer] height) for the atmospheric conditions considered (D stability, 6.93 m/s wind speed). The downwind depleted source strength (Qxi) of 7.90E-10 Ci/s for Ra-226 used in Equation 3.26 depends on the original source term release rate (Q0i; 0.026 Ci/yr/3.15E-7 s/yr = 8.24E-10 Ci/s) and wet and dry deposition from the plume out to the receptor location.

The calculation for the depleted source strength is shown in Figure 3-6. Wet deposition depends on the washout coefficient (Vw; 0.000126 /s), the rainfall rate (R; 0.1255 mm/h), the distance between source and receptor (x; 1,000 m), and the effective wind speed (UH; 7.55 m/s). Dry deposition depends on the deposition velocity (Vdp; 0.01 m/s), the effective wind speed, and the no-mixing plume integral of F(x) as shown Equation 3.30. The F(x) is an integral from 0 to x involving the effective release height (H) and the vertical dispersion coefficient (z).

H2 exp 2 z2 F (x ) = ,

z (3.30)

The calculated value of the F(x) integral was performed in the hand calculation verification spreadsheet by evaluating F(x) and its component values at 1 m intervals from 1 to 1,000 m (from the source to the receptor) and the results for F(x) summed.

As shown at the bottom of Figure 3-5, the final value of 8.52E-17 Ci/m3 for the direct downwind Ra-226 air concentration from 7.7 m particulates at the N Receptor location is obtained by multiplying the unadjusted value of 5.68E-15 Ci/m3 by the fraction of release composed of 7.7 m particulates (0.3), the particulate adjustment fraction for time step 1 (0.8), and the fraction of time that the wind is blowing in the direction of the receptor (0.0625). This result is in excellent agreement with the value of 8.53E-17 Ci/m3 in the Case 3a results.

For Ra-226 in the 54 m particulate fraction in Case 3a, the calculation of downwind air concentration is presented in Figure 3-7, and the supporting depleted source strength calculation is shown in Figure 3-8. As seen in Figure 3-7, the plume does not reach the plume mixing region at the N Receptor location, as was the same for the 7.7 m fraction. For calculation of the depleted source strength (Equation 3.35 in Figure 3-8), the deposition velocity is set equal to the settling velocity any time that the settling velocity exceeds 0.01 m/s, as discussed in Section 3.6.1.

The deposition velocity in this instance is set to 0.210 m/s, the value of the settling velocity as calculated using Equation 3.11 shown in Figure 3-2. The final value for the direct downwind Ra-226 air concentration from 54 m particulates is 1.01E-16 Ci/m3 for time step 1 at the N Receptor location, in excellent agreement with the value of 1.00E-16 Ci/m3 obtained in Case 3a using the code.

3-6

Plume reflection not considered if (1 - 17.71 / 1000 ) 1/2 H (m) L (m) z(x) <= x 1000 = 825.9 [TRUE] (3.18) 1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m)

Then 199 = 1000.00 x tan(11.25o) (3.23) y sec (m) x (m) 7.90E-10 - 3.14E+02 Qxi (Ci/s) H2 (m2) 5.68E-15 = x exp (3.26)

Csec (i,x) if no mixing (2)1/2 x 31.5 x 7.55 x 198.91 2 x 9.94E+02 (Ci/m3) z (m) UH (m/s) y sec (m) 2 2 z (m )

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if 0 <= 17.71 / 1000 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37 x 17.71 / 1000 )2+0.489x( 17.71 / 1000 ) + 0.756 ] = 763.9 [FALSE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

OR 0.5 < = 17.71 / 1000 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37x 17.71 / 1000 )2+ 4.25 x( 17.71 / 1000 ) - 1.13 ] = -1055.5 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

Then 8.09E-10 Qxi (Ci/s)

N/A = (3.28)

Csec (i,x) if mixing 2 x 198.91 x 7.55 x 1000 (Ci/m3) y sec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

31.5 - 825.9 z (m) z,no-mix (m) 1.000 =

FracNoMix 763.9 - 825.9 z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is N/A = 1.0 x 5.68E-15 + ( 1 - 1.000 ) x N/A Csec (i,x) FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if mixing (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226 8.52E-17 = 5.68E-15 x 3.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02 Csec (i,x) Csec (i,x) Fraction P Ai (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-5 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a (Momentum-Driven Plume) at Time Step 1 3-7

Figure 3-6 Hand Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength in 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a (Momentum-Driven Plume) at Time Step 1 Table 3-1 provides a comparison of results for both particulate sizes for all 16 receptors considered in the Case 3a file against those results using the verification spreadsheet.

Table 3-1 Comparison of MILDOS Direct Downwind Air Concentrations of Ra-226 during Time Step 1 with the Verification Spreadsheet for Case 3a Wind Wind Blowing Speed Stability Case 3a (Ci/m3) Verification (Ci/m3)

Category/

From: To: Speed (m/s) Category Receptor Name 7.7 m 54 m 7.7 m 54 m N S 1 (0.67) A S Receptor 5.88E-17 8.73E-18 5.88E-17 8.71E-18 NNE SSW 2 (2.46) A SSW Receptor 1.96E-17 2.16E-17 1.96E-17 2.17E-17 NE SW 2 (2.46) B SW Receptor 7.70E-17 4.99E-17 7.69E-17 5.00E-17 ENE WSW 3 (4.47) B WSW Receptor 4.48E-17 5.32E-17 4.48E-17 5.33E-17 E W 4 (6.93) B W Receptor 2.97E-17 4.57E-17 2.96E-17 4.57E-17 ESE WNW 3 (4.47) C WNW Receptor 7.61E-17 7.33E-17 7.61E-17 7.27E-17 SE NW 5 (9.61) C NW Receptor 3.74E-17 6.16E-17 3.74E-17 6.13E-17 SSE NNW 6 (12.5) C NNW Receptor 2.90E-17 5.30E-17 2.91E-17 5.28E-17 S N 4 (6.93) D N Receptor 8.53E-17 1.00E-16 8.52E-17 1.01E-16 SSW NNE 5 (9.61) D NNE Receptor 6.34E-17 9.81E-17 6.33E-17 9.83E-17 SW NE 6 (12.5) D NE Receptor 4.96E-17 8.97E-17 4.96E-17 8.98E-17 WSW ENE 2 (2.46) E ENE Receptor 2.10E-16 1.87E-17 2.10E-16 1.86E-17 W E 3 (4.47) E E Receptor 1.38E-16 7.88E-17 1.38E-16 7.87E-17 WNW ESE 4 (6.93) E ESE Receptor 9.66E-17 1.19E-16 9.63E-17 1.18E-16 NW SE 1 (0.67) F SE Receptor 1.45E-16 5.80E-22 1.46E-16 5.68E-22 NNW SSE 2 (2.46) F SSE Receptor 1.62E-16 5.00E-18 1.61E-16 4.87E-18 Total 1.32E-15 8.76E-16 3-8

Plume reflection not considered if (1 - 0.00 / 1000 ) 1/2 H (m) L (m) z(x) <= x 1000 = 833.3 [TRUE] (3.18) 1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m)

Then 199 = 1000.00 x tan(11.25o) (3.23) y sec (m) x (m) 3.14E-10 - 0.00E+00 Qxi (Ci/s) H2 (m2) 2.88E-15 = x exp (3.26)

Csec (i,x) if no mixing (2)1/2 x 31.5 x 6.93 x 198.91 2 x 9.94E+02 (Ci/m3) z (m) UH (m/s) y sec (m) 2 2 z (m )

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if 0 <= 0.00 / 1000 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37 x 0.00 / 1000 )2+0.489x( 0.00 / 1000 ) + 0.756 ] = 756.0 [FALSE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

OR 0.5 < = 0.00 / 1000 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37x 0.00 / 1000 )2+ 4.25 x( 0.00 / 1000 ) - 1.13 ] = -1130.0 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

Then 7.90E-10 Qxi (Ci/s)

N/A = (3.28)

Csec (i,x) if mixing 2 x 198.91 x 6.93 x 1000 (Ci/m3) y sec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

31.5 - 833.3 z (m) z,no-mix (m) 1.000 =

FracNoMix 756.0 - 833.3 z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is N/A = 1.0 x 2.88E-15 + ( 1 - 1.000 ) x N/A Csec (i,x) FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if mixing (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226 1.01E-16 = 2.88E-15 x 7.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02 Csec (i,x) Csec (i,x) Fraction PAi (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-7 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 54 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a (Momentum-Driven Plume) at Time Step 1 3-9

Figure 3-8 Hand Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength in 54 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a (Momentum-Driven Plume) at Time Step 1 For the situation with a buoyancy-induced plume in Case 3c, the resulting direct air concentration of 7.84E-17 Ci/m3 of Ra-226 in 7.7 m particulates as shown in Figure 3-9 is in good agreement with the Case 3c results of 7.87E-17 Ci/m3.

In most situations, multiple meteorological conditions will contribute to the downwind air concentration in a specific direction. Case 3b takes the 16 stability class/wind speed combinations and their frequency of occurrence used in Case 3a and assigns all to blow in the direction of the Far SSW Receptor. The Ra-226 downwind air concentration calculated for time step 1 (1.32E-15 Ci/m3) exactly matches the sum of the contributions for all directions for both particulate sizes as shown in Table 3-1 for Case 3a.

3.2.2 Plume Reflection For locations where the plume reaches the mixing height, Equation 3.28 is used to calculate the downwind air concentrations, and the depleted source strength due to dry deposition depends on the simple integral where F(x) = 1/L. The Far SSW Receptor in Case 3a is at such a location.

For this direction, the meteorological data is set to a stability class of A and a wind speed of 2.46 m/s blowing from the NNE to the SSW. For the 7.7 m particulates released, the direct downwind Ra-226 air concentration is calculated to be 4.31E-18 Ci/m3 as presented in Figure 3-

10. This value matches that calculated by the code for Case 3a. The corresponding calculations for effective wind speed and release height and the depleted source strength are shown in Figures 3-11 and 3-12, respectively.

As a check on the population calculations, Figures 3-13, 3-14, and 3-15 present the calculations for the effective release height of 7.7 m particulates, the depleted source strength, and the downwind Ra-226 air concentration, respectively, at the 5-10 km WSW location in the population grid for Case 3a. The wind blows at 4.47 m/s in this direction from the ENE under stability class B. The calculated Ra-226 air concentration in 7.7 m particulates is 7.29E-19 Ci/m3 as shown in Figure 3-15, matching the output result for Case 3a.

3-10

Plume reflection not considered if (1 - 20.81 / 1000 ) 1/2 H (m) L (m) z(x) <= x 1000 = 824.6 [TRUE] (3.18) 1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m)

Then 199 = 1000.00 x tan(11.25o) (3.23) y sec (m) x (m) 7.91E-10 - 4.33E+02 Qxi (Ci/s) H2 (m2) 5.22E-15 = x exp (3.26)

Csec (i,x) if no mixing (2)1/2 x 31.6 x 7.74 x 198.91 2 x 9.97E+02 (Ci/m3) z (m) UH (m/s) y sec (m) 2 2 z (m )

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if 0 <= 20.81 / 1000 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37 x 20.81 / 1000 )2+0.489x( 20.81 / 1000 ) + 0.756 ] = 765.2 [FALSE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

OR 0.5 < = 20.81 / 1000 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37x 20.81 / 1000 )2+ 4.25 x( 20.81 / 1000 ) - 1.13 ] = -1042.6 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

Then 8.10E-10 Qxi (Ci/s)

N/A = (3.28)

Csec (i,x) if mixing 2 x 198.91 x 7.74 x 1000 (Ci/m3) y sec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

31.6 - 824.6 z (m) z,no-mix (m) 1.000 =

FracNoMix 765.2 - 824.6 z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is N/A = 1.0 x 5.22E-15 + ( 1 - 1.000 ) x N/A Csec (i,x) FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if mixing (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226 7.84E-17 = 5.22E-15 x 3.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02 Csec (i,x) Csec (i,x) Fraction P Ai (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-9 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the N Receptor Location in Case 3c (Buoyancy-Induced Plume) at Time Step 1 3-11

Plume reflection not considered if (1 - 21.73 / 1500 ) 1/2 H (m) L (m) z(x) <= x 1500 = 1240.9 [FALSE] (3.18) 1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m)

Then 338 = 1700.00 x tan(11.25o) (3.23) y sec (m) x (m) 7.35E-10 - 4.72E+02 Qxi (Ci/s) H2 (m2)

N/A = x exp (3.26)

Csec (i,x) if no mixing (2)1/2 x 1386.0 x 2.60 x 338.15 2 x 1.92E+06 (Ci/m3) z (m) UH (m/s) y sec (m) 2 2 z (m )

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if 0 <= 21.73 / 1500 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1500 x [-2.37 x 21.73 / 1500 )2+0.489x( 21.73 / 1500 ) + 0.756 ] = 1143.9 [TRUE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

OR 0.5 < = 21.73 / 1500 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1500 x [-2.37x 21.73 / 1500 )2+ 4.25 x( 21.73 / 1500 ) - 1.13 ] = -1603.4 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

Then 7.56E-10 Qxi (Ci/s) 2.87E-16 = (3.28)

Csec (i,x) if mixing 2 x 338.15 x 2.60 x 1500 (Ci/m3) y sec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

1386.0 - 1240.9 z (m) z,no-mix (m) 0.000 =

FracNoMix 1143.9 - 1240.9 z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is N/A = 0.0 x N/A + (1 - 0.000 ) x 2.87E-16 Csec (i,x) FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if mixing (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226 4.31E-18 = 2.87E-16 x 3.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02 Csec (i,x) Csec (i,x) Fraction P Ai (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-10 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 3-12

Effective Release Height 21.74 = max ( 15.00 + 9.53 - 2.79 , 0)

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

-(1- 0.50 ) x min ( max ( 21.74 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+ h-hv Er - Ep Plume (Vertical) Settling 1700 x 0.00427 x (m) Vs (m/s) 2.79 = (3.10) hv (m) 2.60 UH (m/s) 0.004 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2 x 2.40 (3.11) 3 V s (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm )

Plume Rise Momentum Driven Plume 11 x 1.5 vs (m/s) ds (m) 9.53 = 1.5 x (3.2) h (m) 2.60 UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed If H <= 10 m N/A = 2.46 UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) else 0.07 21.74 p H (m) 2.60 = 2.46 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00 z a (m)

N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-11 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a 3-13

Figure 3-12 Hand Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength for 7.7 m Particulates at the Far SSW Receptor Location in Case 3a at Time Step 1 3-14

Effective Release Height 13.41 = max ( 15.00 + 5.42 - 7.02 , 0)

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

-(1- 1.00 ) x min ( max ( 13.41 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -15.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+ h-hv Er - Ep Plume (Vertical) Settling 7500 x 0.00427 x (m) Vs (m/s) 7.02 = (3.10) hv (m) 4.56 UH (m/s) 0.00427 = 3 x 10-5 x 7.70 2 x 2.40 (3.11) 3 V s (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm )

Plume Rise Momentum Driven Plume 11 x 1.5 vs (m/s) ds (m) 5.42 = 1.5 x (3.2) h (m) 4.56 UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed If H <= 10 m N/A = 4.47 UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) else 0.07 13.41 p H (m) 4.56 = 4.47 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00 z a (m)

N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-13 Hand Calculation of the Effective Wind Speed and Release Height for 7.7 m Particulates for the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a 3-15

Figure 3-14 Hand Calculation of the Ra-226 Depleted Source Strength for 7.7 m Particulates at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 3-16

Plume reflection not considered if (1 - 13.41 / 1000 ) 1/2 H (m) L (m) z(x) <= x 1000 = 827.7 [FALSE] (3.18) 1.2 L (m) z,no-mix (m)

Then 1492 = 7500.00 x tan(11.25o) (3.23) y sec (m) x (m)

N/A - 1.80E+02 Qxi (Ci/s) H2 (m2)

N/A = x exp (3.26)

Csec (i,x) if no mixing (2)1/2 x 991.0 x 4.56 x 1491.84 2 x 9.82E+05 (Ci/m3) z (m) UH (m/s) y sec (m) 2 2 z (m )

Else a uniform distribution may be assumed if 0 <= 13.41 / 1000 < 0.5 [TRUE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37 x 13.41 / 1000 )2+0.489x( 13.41 / 1000 ) + 0.756 ] = 762.1 [TRUE] (3.19)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

OR 0.5 < = 13.41 / 1000 < 1.0 [FALSE]

Hef f (m) L (m) and z(x) >= 1000 x [-2.37x 13.41 / 1000 )2+ 4.25 x( 13.41 / 1000 ) - 1.13 ] = -1073.4 [TRUE] (3.20)

L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) Hef f (m) L (m) z,mix (m)

Then 6.62E-10 Qxi (Ci/s) 4.86E-17 = (3.28)

Csec (i,x) if mixing 2 x 1491.84 x 4.56 x 1000 (Ci/m3) y sec (m) Uef f (m/s) L (m)

Else a linear interpolation between 3.26 and 3.28 is used The fraction of the non-mixing concentration is given by:

991.0 - 827.7 z (m) z,no-mix (m) 0.000 =

FracNoMix 762.1 - 827.7 z,mix (m) z,no-mix (m) and the interpolated time-integrated ground-level air concentration is N/A = 0.0 x N/A + (1 - 0.000 ) x 4.86E-17 Csec (i,x) FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if no mixing FracNoMix Csec (i,x) if mixing (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Final Weighted Air Concentration of Ra-226 7.29E-19 = 4.86E-17 x 3.00E-01 x 8.00E-01 x 6.25E-02 Csec (i,x) Csec (i,x) Fraction P Ai (unitless)) Frequency wind blowing in direction (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) Particulate Size N/A = Not applicable.

Figure 3-15 Hand Calculation of Ra-226 Concentration in 7.7 m Particulates at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 3-17

3-18 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA CONCENTRATIONS Section 3 covered the calculation of downwind air concentrations from a source. These air concentrations are used to estimate the resulting radionuclide ground concentrations, total air concentrations, and concentrations in vegetation, meat, and milk. Section 4.1 verifies the calculations performed by MILDOS to estimated radionuclide ground concentrations at receptor locations. Resuspension of radionuclides in particulates is examined in Section 4.2.1, and the resulting total air concentration calculation (direct downwind + resuspended) is verified in Section 4.2.2. The calculation of estimated vegetation concentrations is covered in Section 4.3.

Meat and milk concentration calculations are examined in Section 4.4.

4.1 Radionuclide Ground Concentrations The starting point in MILDOS for calculating particulate radionuclide ground concentrations is the value for the direct downwind radionuclide air concentration. For the Ore Pad source in the Case 1 example, a calculation of the direct air concentration for U-238 7.7 m particulates is shown in Figure 4-1.

Direct Air Concentrations Csec(i,x,ts) for U-238 particulates with 7.7 m size from Ore Pad at Nearest Resident NNW Time Step 1 1.93E-17 = 3.91E-03 x 0.3 x 5.21E-07 x 3.17E-08 x 1 2 1.93E-17 = 3.91E-03 x 0.3 x 5.21E-07 x 3.17E-08 x 1 3 1.93E-17 = 3.91E-03 x 0.3 x 5.21E-07 x 3.17E-08 x 1 4 1.93E-18 = 3.91E-03 x 0.3 x 5.21E-07 x 3.17E-08 x 0.1 Csec (i,x,ts ) Ci/yr Released 7.7 m Fraction X/Q (s/m3) (yr/s) PAs (unitless))

(Ci/m3) from Ore Pad Figure 4-1 Hand Calculation of the Direct Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location in Case 1 The normalized air concentration (X/Q), which accounts for all weather conditions (stability class/wind speed combinations) and their frequency of occurrence for the direction toward the Nearest Resident NNW receptor from the Ore Pad, was taken from Case 1 results as a starting point for estimating the ground concentrations. As a check, the concentration values for the different time steps match Case 1 output if resuspension is not considered (resuspension deposition velocity was set to its minimum value of 1E-5 m/s).

The U-238 ground concentration from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW after time step 1 is 6.06E-12 Ci/m2 as shown in the top of Figure 4-2, matching the value in the Case 1 results. This value depends on the direct air concentration just discussed, the deposition velocity (Vdp), the length of time step 1 (ts1), and the decay of U-238 due to radioactive decay and environmental loss (i and e, respectively).

After each successive time step, the U-238 ground concentration not only depends on the amount freshly deposited during the time step (i.e., Equation 4.1), but also on the decay of U-238 remaining on the ground after the prior time step. For example, the ground concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW after time step 2 is 1.79E-11 Ci/m2 as shown in the bottom of Figure 4-2, matching the corresponding value in the Case 1 results.

4-1

Ground Concentration after Time Step 1 1 - exp [- ( 1.39E-02 x 1.00 )]

(1/yr) ts 1 (yr) 6.06E-12 = 0.01 x 1.93E-17 x (4.1)

Cg(i,p,x,t1) Vdp (m/s) Csec (i,x,ts1) 1.39E-02 x 3.1689E-08 (Ci/m2) (Ci/m3) (1/yr) (y/s) where 1.39E-02 = 1.55E-10 + 1.39E-02 (1/yr) i (1/yr) e (1/yr) for U-238 Ground Concentration after Time Step 2 1 - exp [- ( 1.39E-02 x 2.00 )]

(1/yr) ts 2 (yr) 1.79E-11 = 0.01 x 1.93E-17 x Cg(i,p,x,t2) Vdp (m/s) Csec (i,x,ts2) 1.39E-02 x 3.1689E-08 (Ci/m2) (Ci/m3) (1/yr) (y/s) (4.2)

+ 6.06E-12 x exp [- ( 1.39E-02 x 2.00 )]

Cg(i,p,x,t1) (1/yr) ts 2 (yr)

(Ci/m2)

Figure 4-2 Hand Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location in Case 1 The calculation for time step 4 is shown in Figure 4-3, with the amount deposited for each time step decayed for the length of time between the end of that time step and the end of time step 4.

The estimated value of 2.97E-11 Ci/m2 as shown in Figure 4-3 matches the corresponding value in the Case 1 results.

As a check on the calculations used in the population estimates, the direct air concentrations of U-238 in 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the center of the population grid segment 10-20 km to the SSW were estimated as shown in Figure 4-4. These values were used to estimate the U-238 7.7 m particulate ground concentration of 1.92E-13 Ci/m2 as shown in Figure 4-5, which matches the corresponding value in the Case 1 results.

Deposition of radon progeny also results in radionuclide ground concentrations. As an example, Figure 4-6 presents the calculation of the Po-218 ground concentration after time step 1 in Case 3a at the 5-10 km WSW location of the population grid. The calculation of the Po-218 air concentration used is shown later in Figure 4-27. The calculated ground concentration of 3.81E-15 Ci/m2 matches the Case 3a output result. Note that MILDOS assumes the ground concentrations of other Rn-222 progeny (Pb-214 and Bi-214) to be in equilibrium with the ground concentration of Po-218.

4-2

4-3 Figure 4-3 Hand Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1

Direct Air Concentrations Csec(i,x,ts) for U-238 particulates with 7.7 m size from Ore Pad at 10 - 20 km SSW on Population Grid Time Step 1 1.25E-19 = 3.91E-03 x 0.3 x 3.37E-09 x 3.17E-08 x 1 2 1.25E-19 = 3.91E-03 x 0.3 x 3.37E-09 x 3.17E-08 x 1 3 1.25E-19 = 3.91E-03 x 0.3 x 3.37E-09 x 3.17E-08 x 1 4 1.25E-20 = 3.91E-03 x 0.3 x 3.37E-09 x 3.17E-08 x 0.1 Csec (i,x,ts ) Ci/yr Released 7.7 m Fraction X/Q (s/m3) (yr/s) PAs (unitless))

(Ci/m3) from Ore Pad Figure 4-4 Hand Calculation of the Direct Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10-20 km SSW on the Population Grid in Case 1 4.2 Radionuclide Air Concentrations The total air concentration for a radionuclide in MILDOS is used to evaluate inhalation and external cloudshine exposure. The total air concentration is the sum of the downwind direct air concentration calculated using the dispersion model as discussed in Section 3 and the resuspended air concentration from previously deposited material at the receptor location in earlier time steps. Section 4.2.1 verifies the calculation of resuspended particulate air concentrations. Section 4.2.2 examines the total air concentration for particulates (the sum of direct and resuspended air concentrations) and the concentrations of Rn-222 and Rn-220 and their daughter products.

4.2.1 Resuspension Particulate material from a source deposited at a receptor location has the potential for being resuspended by mechanical means such as wind or human activities. In the resuspension model used in MILDOS, calculation of the resuspended air concentration as presented in Figure 4-7 depends on the resuspension half-life in the form of the resuspension decay factor (r), the initial and final values for the resuspension factor (RI and RF, respectively), and the deposition velocity for the reference particle size corresponding to RI and RF (Vdr).

The calculation of the resuspended air concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW receptor location after time step 4 in Case 1 is shown in Figure 4-7. Figure 4-8 presents the same calculation for the 10-20 km SSW location on the population grid. The estimated values of 1.29E-18 Ci/m3 and 8.37E-21 Ci/m3 will be used in the following section discussing total air concentrations.

4.2.2 Total Air Concentrations 4.2.2.1 Particulates The total air concentration for U-238 in 7.7 m particulates is the sum of the direct air concentration from the source (see Figures 4-1 and 4-4) and the concentration of resuspended material from anything previously deposited (see Figures 4-7 and 4-8). As shown in Figure 4-9, the total value for U-238 in 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW receptor location after time step 4 in Case 1 is 3.23E-18 Ci/m3, which matches the value found in the Case 1 interactive results. For the 10-20 km SSW location on the population grid, the total air concentration is 2.09E-20 Ci/m3, which also matches the Case 1 results.

4-4

4-5 Figure 4-5 Hand Calculation of the Ground Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10-20 km SSW on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1

Ground Concentration after Time Step 1 for Rn-222 daughters Po-218, Pb-214, and Bi-214 1 - exp - 1.17E+05 x 1.00 (1/yr) ts 1 (yr) 3.81E-15 = 0.003 x 4.72E-15 x (4.1)

Cg(i,p,x,t 1) Vdp (m/s) Csec (i,x,t s1) 1.17E+05 x 3.1689E-08 (Ci/m2) (Ci/m3) (1/yr) (y/s) where 1.17E+05 = 1.17E+05 + 1.39E-02 (1/yr) i (1/yr) e (1/yr) for Po-218 Figure 4-6 Hand Calculation of the Ground Concentration of Po-218 from Rn-222 Decay at 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 1 in Case 3a 4-6

4-7 Figure 4-7 Hand Calculation of the Resuspended Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1

4-8 Figure 4-8 Hand Calculation of the Resuspended Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at 10-20 km SSW on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1

Total Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates at Nearest Resident NNW 3.23E-18 = 1.93E-18 + 1.29E-18 (4.10)

Cair(i,p,x,tj) Csec (i,p,x,tj) CairR (i,p,x,tj)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Total Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates at 10 - 20 km SSW on the Population Grid 2.09E-20 = 1.25E-20 + 8.37E-21 (4.10)

Cair(i,p,x,tj) Csec (i,p,x,tj) CairR (i,p,x,tj)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Figure 4-9 Hand Calculation of the Total Air Concentration of U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location and the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 The calculations for the total air concentrations over all particulate sizes for U-238 for the Nearest Resident NNW and the 10-20 km SSW location on the population grid are presented in Figure 4-10. The summation of the individual particulate air concentrations matches the values found using the interactive results for Case 1.

Total Air Concentration of U-238 at Nearest Resident NNW 3.57E-18 = 3.23E-18 + 3.41E-19 (4.11)

Cair(i,x,tj) Cair(i,p1,x,tj) Cair(i,p2,x,tj)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Total Air Concentration of U-238 at 10 - 20 km SSW on the Population Grid 2.24E-20 = 2.09E-20 + 1.56E-21 (4.11)

Cair(i,x,tj) Cair(i,p1,x,tj) Cair(i,p2,x,tj)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Figure 4-10 Hand Calculation of the Total Air Concentration of U-238 from the Ore Pad at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location and the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 4.2.2.2 Radon MILDOS considers the radioactive decay of radon during air transport because of its short half-life. As a non-depositing gas, resuspension does not contribute to radon air concentrations.

Figure 4-11 shows the calculations for the effective release height (18.26 m) and effective wind speed (7.59 m/s) for a gas released from the point source in Case 3a with a momentum-driven plume at the source. The effective wind speed is then used to calculate the transit time between the source and the receptor ( = 1,000 m/7.59 m/s = 132 s) for the stability class - wind speed category combination used for the N Receptor location.

The transit time is used in turn to calculate the downwind source strength from radon radioactive decay based on the original release rate as shown in Figure 4-12. In combination with the weighted normalized air concentration value of 4.43E-7 s/m3 estimated (which matches the Case 3a results), the downwind air concentration of Rn-220 is calculated to be 3.26E-15 Ci/m3, matching the Case 3a results.

4-9

Effective Release Height 18.26 = max ( 15.00 + 3.26 - 0.00 , 0)

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

-(1- 0.50 ) x min ( max ( 18.26 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv E r - Ep Plume (Vertical) Settling 1000 x 0.00000 x (m) Vs (m/s) 0.00 = (3.10) hv (m) 7.58 UH (m/s) 0.00000 = 3 x 10-5 x 0.00 2 x 0.00 (3.11) 3 V s (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm )

Plume Rise Momentum Driven Plume 11 x 1.5 vs (m/s) ds (m) 3.26 = 1.5 x (3.2) h (m) 7.58 UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed If H <= 10 m N/A = 6.93 UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) else 0.15 18.26 p H (m) 7.58 = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00 z a (m)

Figure 4-11 Hand Calculation of the Effective Release Height and Effective Wind Speed for a Gas at the N Receptor Location in Case 3a The downwind concentration of Rn-222 is calculated using the same process. For Case 3a, the air concentration of Rn-222 at the N Receptor location is estimated to be 4.72E-13 Ci/m3 as shown in Figure 4-13, the same value found in the Case 3a results.

4-10

Figure 4-12 Hand Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a Release Rate of Rn-222 from the Point Source for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 33.6 = 42 x 0.8 Q0_Rn (Ci/yr) Annural release of Rn-222 Radon Adjustment Factor for Time Step 1 (Ci/yr)

Downwind Source Strength of Rn-222 at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 1.06E-06 = 3.17E-08 x 33.6 x exp [- 66 x 132 x 3.17E-08 ] (4.12)

Qx_Rn (Ci/s) (yr/s) Q0_Rn (Ci) Rn (1/yr) (s) (yr/s)

Downwind Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 4.72E-13 = 4.43E-07 x 1.06E-06 (4.13)

Cair(Rn222,x,t j) X/Q (s/m3) Qx_Rn (Ci/s)

(Ci/m3)

Figure 4-13 Hand Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 4-11

The downwind air concentrations of radon daughter products are calculated from the non-decayed downwind air concentration of the radon parent. Figure 4-14 presents the calculations for the air concentration of Rn-220 (non-decayed - 1.69E-14 Ci/m3) and its Pb-212 daughter product. The value of 1.97E-17 Ci/m3 at the N Receptor location at Time Step 1 in Case 3a matches the value in the Case 3a results. Note that when using the Interactive Results tab to view results in MILDOS, the radon progeny are considered as a Gas selection under the Particle Size option.

Figure 4-14 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 The calculation for the air concentration of the Pb-214 daughter of Rn-222 is presented in Figure 4-15. The value of 5.51E-15 Ci/m3 matches the value found in the Case 3a results.

4-12

Figure 4-15 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 In the case of a buoyancy-induced plume rise (Case 3c), the same set of calculations were verified for the concentrations of Rn-220 and Rn-222 and their progeny, Pb-212 and Pb-214, respectively, as shown in Figures 4-16 to 4-21. All four concentrations matched the Case 3c output results.

4-13

Effective Release Height 21.34 = max ( 15.00 + 6.34 - 0.00 , 0)

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

-(1- 0.50 ) x min ( max ( 21.34 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -11.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv E r - Ep Plume (Vertical) Settling 1000 x 0.00000 x (m) Vs (m/s) 0.00 = (3.10) hv (m) 7.76 UH (m/s) 0.00000 = 3 x 10-5 x 0.00 2 x 0.00 (3.11) 3 V s (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm )

Plume Rise Momentum Driven Plume 11 x 1.5 vs (m/s) ds (m)

N/A = 1.5 x (3.2) h (m) 7.76 UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed If H <= 10 m N/A = 6.93 UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) else 0.15 21.34 p H (m) 7.76 = 6.93 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00 z a (m)

Figure 4-16 Hand Calculation of the Effective Buoyancy-Induced Plume Release Height and Effective Wind Speed for a Gas (including Radon) at the N Receptor Location in Case 3c 4-14

Buouancy Induced Plume Unstable/Neutral Conditons (A-D) x <= 10 x stack height 1.6 N/A = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 1000000 ]1/3 (3.3) h (m) 7.76 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s) x 2 (m2)

UH (m/s) x > 10 x stack height 1.6 6.34 = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 100 x 225.00 ]1/3 (3.4) h (m) 7.76 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s) h2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

Stable Conditions (E,F)

Still expanding [x <= 2.4 (UH /s1/2) and U >= Utest]

1.6 N/A = x [ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 x 1000000 ]1/3 (3.5) h (m) 7.76 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s) x 2 (m2)

UH (m/s)

Far limit [x > 2.4 (UH /s1/2) and U >= Utest]

3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 1/3 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s)

N/A = 2.9 x (3.6) h (m) 7.76 x 0.001213 UH (m/s) s (s -2)

Light wind, vertical rise (U < Utest)

[ 3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 ] 1/4 (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s)

N/A = 5.0 x (3.7) 3/8 h (m) [ 0.001213 ]

s (s -2) s: stability parameter [g/

d/dz]

9.80665 g (m/s 2) 0.001213 = x 0.035 (3.8) s (s -2) 283 dT/dz + l (oK/m)

Ta(oK) wind speed cut-off 0.089862 = 0.195 x [3.7 x 10-5 x 35000 ] 1/4 x [ 0.001213 ] 1/8 (3.9)

Utest (m/s) (m4/cal-s 2) Qh (cal/s) s (s -2)

Figure 4-17 Hand Calculation of the Buoyancy-Induced Plume Rise in Case 3c for Gases (including Radon) at the N Receptor Location 4-15

Figure 4-18 Hand Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c Release Rate of Rn-222 from the Point Source for Time Step 1 in Case 3c 33.6 = 42 x 0.8 Q0_Rn (Ci/yr) Annural release of Rn-222 Radon Adjustment Factor for Time Step 1 (Ci/yr)

Downwind Source Strength of Rn-222 at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c 1.06E-06 = 3.17E-08 x 33.6 x exp [- 66 x 129 x 3.17E-08 ] (4.12)

Qx_Rn (Ci/s) (yr/s) Q0_Rn (Ci) Rn (1/yr) (s) (yr/s)

Downwind Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c 4.33E-13 = 4.07E-07 x 1.06E-06 (4.13)

Cair(Rn222,x,tj) X/Q (s/m3) Qx_Rn (Ci/s)

(Ci/m3)

Figure 4-19 Hand Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c 4-16

Figure 4-20 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 4-17

Figure 4-21 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the N Receptor Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3c for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 As a check on population calculations for radon at farther distances in the air dispersion mixing zone, radon concentration estimates were verified for the 5-10 km WSW location on the population grid for Case 3a. Figure 4-22 shows the calculation for the effective release height and wind speed for Case 3a. Figures 4-23 and 4-24 present the calculations for the Rn-220 and Rn-222 air concentrations, respectively, for Case 3a. The concentrations are calculated for the 5-10 km WSW location on the population grid during time step 1. The Rn-220 concentration of 3.84E-25 Ci/m3 is in good agreement with the Case 3a output result of 3.85E-25 Ci/m3, and the Rn-222 concentration of 4.73 x 10-15 Ci/m3 matches the Case 3a output result. Figures 4-25 and 4-26 present the air concentrations for the Pb-212 and Pb-214 daughters of Rn-220 and Rn-222, respectively. The concentration values of 2.39E-19 Ci/m3 and 2.05E-15 Ci/m3 for Pb-212 and Pb-214, respectively, match the Case 3a output results. The concentration of the first daughter product of Rn-222 (Po-218) was also estimated as shown in Figure 4-27 to be 4.72E-15 Ci/m3, which matches the Case 3a output result.

4-18

Effective Release Height 20.27 = max ( 15.00 + 5.27 - 0.00 , 0)

H (m) h (m) h (m) hv (m)

-(1- 1.00 ) x min ( max ( 20.27 , 0 ) , max ( 0 , -15.00 ) (m) (3.1)

Pc (unitless) h+h-hv E r - Ep Plume (Vertical) Settling 7500 x 0.00000 x (m) Vs (m/s) 0.00 = (3.10) hv (m) 4.70 UH (m/s) 0.00000 = 3 x 10-5 x 0.00 2 x 0.00 (3.11) 3 V s (m/s) dp (m) p (g/cm )

Plume Rise Momentum Driven Plume 11 x 1.5 vs (m/s) ds (m) 5.27 = 1.5 x (3.2) h (m) 4.70 UH (m/s)

Effective Wind Speed If H <= 10 m N/A = 4.47 UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) else 0.07 20.27 p H (m) 4.70 = 4.47 x (3.12)

UH (m/s) Ua (m/s) 10.00 z a (m)

Figure 4-22 Hand Calculation of the Effective Momentum-Driven Plume Release Height and Effective Wind Speed for a Gas (including Radon) at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 4-19

Release Rate of Rn-220 from the Point Source for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 1.2 = 1.5 x 0.8 Q0_Rn (Ci/yr) Annural release of Rn-220 Radon Adjustment Factor for Time Step 1 (Ci/yr)

Downwind Source Strength of Rn-220 at the 5 - 10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 8.61E-17 = 3.17E-08 x 1.2 x exp [- 393418 x 1597 x 3.17E-08 ] (4.12)

Qx_Rn (Ci/s) (yr/s) Q0_Rn (Ci) Rn (1/yr) (s) (yr/s)

/Q for Downwind Gas Concentrations at 7,500 m for the B stability - 4.47 m/s Wind Speed Category Combination (rearrangement of Equation 3.28)

Csec (i,x) if no mixing (Ci/m3) 1

7.14E-08

Qxi (Ci/s) /Q (gas) 2 x 1491.8 x 4.70 x 1000 (s/m3) y sec (m) UH (m/s) L (m)

Frequency weighted /Q (as reported by MILDOS) 4.46E-09 = 7.14E-08 x 0.0625

/Q (s/m3) /Q (gas) Met Data Frequency (s/m3) Wind Blowing Towards Receptor Downwind Rn-220 Air Concentration at the WSW 5 - 10 km Population Grid Location for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 3.84E-25 = 4.46E-09 x 8.61E-17 (4.13)

Cair(Rn220,x,t j) X/Q (s/m3) Qx_Rn (Ci/s)

(Ci/m3)

Figure 4-23 Hand Calculation of the Rn-220 Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 Release Rate of Rn-222 from the Point Source for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 33.6 = 42 x 0.8 Q0_Rn (Ci/yr) Annural release of Rn-222 Radon Adjustment Factor for Time Step 1 (Ci/yr)

Downwind Source Strength of Rn-222 at the 5 - 10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 1.06E-06 = 3.17E-08 x 33.6 x exp [- 66 x 1597 x 3.17E-08 ] (4.12)

Qx_Rn (Ci/s) (yr/s) Q0_Rn (Ci) Rn (1/yr) (s) (yr/s)

Downwind Rn-222 Concentration at the 5 - 10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid for Time Step 1 in Case 3a 4.73E-15 = 4.46E-09 x 1.06E-06 (4.13)

Cair(Rn222,x,t j) X/Q (s/m3) Qx_Rn (Ci/s)

(Ci/m3)

Figure 4-24 Hand Calculation of the Rn-222 Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 4-20

Figure 4-25 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Pb-212 Daughter Product of Rn-220 4-21

Figure 4-26 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Pb-214 Daughter Product of Rn-222 4-22

Figure 4-27 Hand Calculation of the Air Concentration at the 5-10 km WSW Location on the Population Grid in Case 3a at Time Step 1 for the Po-218 Daughter Product of Rn-222 4.3 Vegetation Concentrations Five categories of vegetation are considered in MILDOS at each receptor location; the first three are for human consumption, and the last two are for livestock consumption: (1) edible aboveground vegetables, (2) potatoes, (3) other edible belowground vegetables, (4) pasture grass, and (5) hay (stored feed). The vegetation concentrations depend on the local air and ground concentrations as well as:

the soil-to-plant transfer coefficient (Bv(i)),

the soil areal density for surface mixing (),

the fraction of the total deposition retained on plant surfaces (Fr),

the fraction of the foliar deposition reaching edible portions of vegetation (Ev),

the decay constant accounting for weathering losses (w),

the duration of exposure while vegetation is growing (tv), and

the yield density of vegetation (Yv).

Using the previously calculated air and ground concentrations (see Figures 4-9 and 4-3, respectively), the estimated concentrations of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in aboveground and belowground vegetables and potatoes at the Nearest Resident NNW 4-23

location are provided in Figure 4-28. The calculated values match those found in the Case 1 results. The estimated concentrations of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in pasture grass and stored feed at the Nearest Resident NNW location are provided in Figure 4-29. The calculated values match those found in the Case 1 results.

Similarly, using the previously calculated air and ground concentrations for the population analysis (see Figures 4-9 and 4-5, respectively), the estimated concentrations of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in aboveground and belowground vegetables and potatoes at 10-20 km SSW on the population grid are provided in Figure 4-30. The calculated values match those found in the Case 1 results. The estimated concentrations of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in pasture grass and stored feed at the 10-20 km SSW location on the population grid are provided in Figure 4-31. The calculated values match those found in the Case 1 results.

4.4 Meat and Milk Concentrations The radionuclide concentrations in meat and milk depend on their concentrations in pasture grass and stored feed as calculated in the previous section, the radionuclide-specific feed-to-meat or feed-to-milk transfer coefficient (Fb or Fm), and the fractions of the total annual feed requirement that is assumed to be satisfied by pasture grass or locally grown feed (hay) (Fpg or Fh). The concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad in meat and milk at the Nearest Resident NNW receptor and 10-20 km SSW location on the population grid after time step 4 in Case 1 are provided in Figures 4-29 and 4-31, respectively. These values all match the results found in the Case 1 output results.

4-24

Concentration in Aboveground Leafy Vegetables 2.97E-11 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 5.65E-03 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.23E-18 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m3) V dp (m/s) Fr (unitless) E v (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 60 )]

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16) 2 x 4.95E-02 Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Concentration in Potato 2.97E-11 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 8.44E-04 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.23E-18 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 0.1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m3) V dp (m/s) Fr (unitless) E v (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 60 )]

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16) 2 x 4.95E-02 Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Concentration in Belowground Vegetables 2.97E-11 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 8.44E-04 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.23E-18 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 0.1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m3) V dp (m/s) Fr (unitless) E v (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 60 )]

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16) 2 x 4.95E-02 Yv (kg [wet weight]/m w (1/d)

Figure 4-28 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in aboveground and belowground Vegetables and Potatoes at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 4-25

Concentration in Pasture Grass 2.97E-11 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,t j) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 1.19E-02 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.23E-18 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,t j) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 30 )]

w (1/d) t v (d)

(4.16) 0.75 x 4.95E-02 Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Concentration in Stored Feed 2.97E-11 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,t j) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 5.65E-03 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 3.23E-18 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,t j) (Ci/m3) Vdp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 60 )]

w (1/d) t v (d)

(4.16) 2 x 4.95E-02 Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Concentration in Meat 1.49E-04 = 50 x 3.40E-04 x ( 0.5 x 1.19E-02 +

Cb(i,x,tj) Q (kg [wet weight]/d) Fb(i)(pCi/kg per pCi/d) Fpg (unitless) CV_pg(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(pCi/kg) (4.18) 0.5 x 5.65E-03 )

Fh (unitless) CV_h(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

Concentration in Milk 2.68E-04 = 50 x 6.10E-04 x ( 0.5 x 1.19E-02 +

Cm (i,x,tj) Q (kg [wet weight]/d) Fm (i)(pCi/L per pCi/d) Fpg (unitless) CV_pg(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(pCi/L) (4.19) 0.5 x 5.65E-03 )

Fh (unitless) CV_h(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

Figure 4-29 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in Animal Feed, Meat, and Milk at the Nearest Resident NNW Receptor Location after Time Step 4 in Case 1 4-26

Concentration in Aboveground Leafy Vegetables 1.92E-13 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 3.66E-05 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.09E-20 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m3) V dp (m/s) Fr (unitless) E v (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 60 )]

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16) 2 x 4.95E-02 Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Concentration in Potato 1.92E-13 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 5.46E-06 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.09E-20 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 0.1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m3) V dp (m/s) Fr (unitless) E v (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 60 )]

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16) 2 x 4.95E-02 Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Concentration in Belowground Vegetables 1.92E-13 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 5.46E-06 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.09E-20 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 0.1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m3) V dp (m/s) Fr (unitless) E v (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 60 )]

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16) 2 x 4.95E-02 Yv (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Figure 4-30 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in aboveground and belowground Vegetables and Potatoes at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 4-27

Concentration in Pasture Grass 1.92E-13 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 7.72E-05 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.09E-20 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m3) V dp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 30 )]

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16) 0.75 x 4.95E-02 Y v (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Concentration in Stored Feed 1.92E-13 x 0.0025 Cg(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m2) BV(i) (pCi/kg(wet) plant per pCi/kg (dry) soil) 3.66E-05 = 1012 x +

CV(i,p,x,tj) (pCi/Ci) 240 2

(pCi/kg [wet weight]) s (kg/m [dry weight])

8.64 x 1016 x 2.09E-20 x 0.01 x 0.2 x 1 x (pCi-s/Ci-d) Cair(i,p,x,tj) (Ci/m3) V dp (m/s) Fr (unitless) Ev (unitless) 1 - exp [- ( 4.95E-02 x 60 )]

w (1/d) tv (d)

(4.16) 2 x 4.95E-02 Y v (kg [wet weight]/m2) w (1/d)

Concentration in Meat 9.67E-07 = 50 x 3.40E-04 x ( 0.5 x 7.72E-05 +

Cb(i,x,tj) Q (kg [wet weight]/d) Fb(i)(pCi/kg per pCi/d) Fpg (unitless) CV_pg(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(pCi/kg) (4.18) 0.5 x 3.66E-05 )

Fh (unitless) CV_h(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

Concentration in Milk 1.73E-06 = 50 x 6.10E-04 x ( 0.5 x 7.72E-05 +

Cm (i,x,tj) Q (kg [wet weight]/d) Fm (i)(pCi/L per pCi/d) Fpg (unitless) CV_pg(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

(pCi/L) (4.19) 0.5 x 3.66E-05 )

Fh (unitless) CV_h(i,x,tj) (pCi/kg [wet weight])

Figure 4-31 Concentration of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad in Animal Feed, Meat, and Milk at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 4-28

5 HUMAN EXPOSURE MODELS This Section considers the exposure model calculations used in MILDOS. Potential receptors, including individuals and population groups, are considered. Exposure pathways include inhalation of dispersed air and resuspended material using the total air concentration results as verified in Section 4.2, external radiation from ore material in the air (Section 4.2) and on the ground (Section 4.1), and ingestion of ore-associated radioactivity in locally grown foods (Sections 4.3 and 4.4). Inhalation exposure is covered in Section 5.1; external exposure is covered in Section 5.2; and ingestion exposure is covered in Section 5.3.

5.1 Inhalation 5.1.1 Particulates The adult effective dose coefficients (DCs) used in MILDOS are specific to a given receptor type (adult, teenager, child, or infant), particle size (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, or 50 m), and solubility class (day, week, or year). For particle sizes between those listed, a linear interpolation is used to calculate the DC before use in an inhalation exposure calculation.

In some cases, such as for U-238, the DC used in the code calculation includes the contribution from its U-234 daughter. Thus, for inhalation calculations involving U-238 such as shown in Figure 5-1, the U-238 inhalation DC for 5 and 10 m particulates are 0.0875 and 0.0501 mrem/pCi, respectively, for the Y solubility class as used in Case 1.

Inhalation Dose from U-238 Particulates 1.59E-03 = 1012 x ( 3.23E-18 x 6.73E-02 + 3.41E-19 x 0.000149 ) x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,tj) (pCi/Ci) Cair(i,p1,x,tj) DCinh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t j) DCinh,ikop2 Inhalation Rate (mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr) where 7.7 - 5 particle size (m) Ssp (m) 6.73E-02 = x ( 0.0501 -- 0.0875 ) + 0.0875 DCinh,ikop1 10 - 5 DClp DCsp DCsp (mrem/pCi) Slp (m) Ssp (m) (mrem/pCi) (mrem/pCi) (mrem/pCi)

Figure 5-1 Inhalation Dose Rate to Nearest Resident NNW from U-238 from All Particulates (7.7 m and 54 m) from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 Since the 7.7 m particulate size is intermediate between 5 and 10 m for which DC values are available, its DC value is calculated by adding the value for the smaller 5 m size (DCsp) to the difference between the DC values scaled by the difference in particle size between the particle size of interest (7.7 m) and the smaller particle size (Ssp; 5 m) relative to the difference between the larger (Slp, 10 m) and smaller particle sizes. The bottom of Figure 5-1 shows the calculation for the U-238 inhalation DC for a 7.7 m particulate for the Y solubility class.

The calculated dose rate of 1.59E-3 mrem/yr in Figure 5-1 matches the value in the Case 1 results. The air concentration for 7.7 m particulates (1st particle size) was previously calculated in Figure 4-9; the air concentration for 54 m particulates (2nd particle size) was taken from the 5-1

Case 1 results. The U-238 DC for the 7.7 m size (6.73E-2 mrem/pCi) was calculated at the bottom of Figure 5-1 as previously discussed, and the DC for the 54 m size (1.49E-4 mrem/pCi) is the sum of the values for U-238 (7.10E-5 mrem/pCi) and U-234 (7.82E-5 mrem/pCi) for 50 m particulates, as shown in Table B-3 in the manual. In MILDOS, the DC for a 50 m particulate is used for particulates larger than 50 m; no scaling of DCs is performed.

In this example, the receptor was an adult, so no DC multiplier was used to adjust for age. Also note that the breathing rate used for inhalation calculations is fixed at 7,300 m3/yr and not a user input value. See the following for the population inhalation calculations.

The individual age-specific inhalation dose calculations for individuals residing at the 10-20 km SSW location on the population grid are presented in Figure 5-2. The total population dose rate in that population grid segment was calculated to be 1.20E-2 person-mrem/yr from inhalation of U-238 in particulates from the Ore Pad during time step 4 in Case 1. The code results contained the same value.

5.1.2 Radon The calculation of the inhalation dose from Rn-222 is based on the extent of the indoor and outdoor equilibrium between Rn-222 and its daughter radionuclides at the receptor location. The indoor equilibrium fraction is specified by the user, and the outdoor equilibrium fraction can be specified by the user or calculated based on the downwind air concentrations of radon and its daughter radionuclides. The calculation of the outdoor equilibrium fraction and the inhalation dose to the Nearest Resident NNW in Case 1 from the Ore Pad is shown in the top portion of Figure 5-3. The calculated outdoor equilibrium fraction of 0.276 agrees with the value of 0.277 listed in the standard output results for Case 1. The dose of 0.384 mrem/yr from Rn-222 during time step 4 matches the output results for Case 1.

The calculation of the effective inhalation dose from Rn-220 follows a different methodology than that used for Rn-222 because of Rn-220s much shorter half-life. In most situations, the majority of Rn-220 released from the source will have decayed by the time the plume reaches a receptor. The Rn-220 dose is calculated using the concept of the working level (WL) as shown at the bottom of Figure 5-3. The Rn-220 inhalation dose of 1.07E-4 mrem/yr to the Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad during time step 4 in Case 1 matches the value in the Case 1 output results.

Calculation of the effective population dose from radon at the population segment 10-20 km in the SSW direction from all sources during time step 4 in Case 1 is shown in Figure 5-4. Here, the Rn-222 dose rate is estimated to be 4,230 person-mrem/yr and the Rn-220 dose rate to be 0.658 person-mrem/yr. Both values match the output results for Case 1.

5-2

Infant Individual Dose 4.93E-05 = 1012 x ( 2.09E-20 x 6.73E-02 + 1.56E-21 x 0.000149 ) x 4.8 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,tj) (pCi/Ci) Cair(i,p1,x,t j) DCinh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t j) DCinh,ikop2 Age multiplier Inhalation Rate (mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr)

Child Individual Dose 2.36E-05 = 1012 x ( 2.09E-20 x 6.73E-02 + 1.56E-21 x 0.000149 ) x 2.3 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,tj) (pCi/Ci) Cair(i,p1,x,t j) DCinh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t j) DCinh,ikop2 Age multiplier Inhalation Rate (mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr)

Teenager Individual Dose 1.23E-05 = 1012 x ( 2.09E-20 x 6.73E-02 + 1.56E-21 x 0.000149 ) x 1.2 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,tj) (pCi/Ci) Cair(i,p1,x,t j) DCinh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t j) DCinh,ikop2 Age multiplier Inhalation Rate (mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr)

Adult Individual Dose 1.03E-05 = 1012 x ( 2.09E-20 x 6.73E-02 + 1.56E-21 x 0.000149 ) x 1 x 7300 (5.3)

Dinh,kop(x,tj) (pCi/Ci) Cair(i,p1,x,t j) DCinh,ikop1 Cair(i,p2,x,t j) DCinh,ikop2 Age multiplier Inhalation Rate (mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (Ci/m3) (mrem/pCi) (m3/yr) 5-3 Population Segment Inhalation Dose 1.20E-02 = 883 x ( 0.0179 x 4.93E-05 + 0.1647 x 2.36E-05 Dinh,p(x,t j) Persons Finf ant Dinh,inf ant (x,t j) Fchild Dinh,child(x,tj)

(mrem/yr) (mrem/yr) (mrem/yr)

+ 0.1957 x 1.23E-05 + 0.6217 x 1.03E-05 )

Fteen Dinh,teen(x,t j) Fadult Dinh,adult (x,tj)

(mrem/yr) (mrem/yr)

Figure 5-2 Population Inhalation Dose from U-238 from the Ore Pad at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1

Inhalation Dose from Radon Rn-222 3.84E-01 = 1012 x 1.86E-12 x [ 0.005 x ( 0.583 + 0.417 ) +

Dinh,Rn222(x,t j) (pCi/Ci) Cair(Rn222,x,t j) DCinh,Rn222 Fin (unitless) Fout (unitless)

(mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/yr per pCi/m3) (5.4) 0.495 x ( 0.583 x 0.5 + 0.417 x 2.76E-01 )]

DCFinh,Rn222_D Fin (unitless) Ein_eq (unitless) Fout (unitless) Eout_eq (unitless)

(mrem/yr per pCi/m3) where 1.03E-06 x 8.49E-01 + 5.07E-06 x 2.84E-01 + 3.73E-06 x 1.07E-01 A B C 2.76E-01 =

Eout_eq (unitless) 1.03E-06 + 5.07E-06 + 3.73E-06 (5.5) where 8.49E-01 = 1.58E-12 / 1.86E-12 A Cair(Po218,x,tj) Cair(Rn222,x,t j)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) 2.84E-01 = 5.29E-13 / 1.86E-12 B Cair(Pb214,x,tj) Cair(Rn222,x,t j)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) 1.07E-01 = 1.99E-13 / 1.86E-12 C Cair(Bi214,x,t j) Cair(Rn222,x,t j)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Rn-220 1.07E-04 = ( 0.583 + 0.417 ) x 8.61E-09 x 12400 (5.6)

Dinh,Rn220(x,t j) Fin (unitless) Fout (unitless) WLRn220 (x,tj) DCinh,Rn220 (mrem/yr) (WL) (mrem/yr per WL) where (5.7) 8.61E-09 = 9.48E-10 x 6.51E-04 + 1.23E-04 x 6.88E-05 + 1.17E-05 x 1.22E-05 WLRn220 (x,t j) A' (pCi/m3) B' (pCi/m3) C' (pCi/m3)

(WL) Po-216 Pb-212 Bi-212 Figure 5-3 Radon Inhalation Dose to Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 5.2 External The calculation of external dose from cloudshine and groundshine from U-238 in 7.7 m particulates for an individual receptor and a population segment are presented in Figure 5-5.

The value of 8.84E-5 mrem/yr for the individual dose rate and the value of 5.04E-4 person-mrem/yr for the population segment both match the Case 1 output results.

5-4

Inhalation Dose from Radon Rn-222 4.23E+03 = 1012 x 883 x 1.40E-11 x [ 0.005 x ( 0.583 + 0.417 ) +

Dinh,Rn222(x,t j) (pCi/Ci) Persons Cair(Rn222,x,t j) DCinh,Rn222 Fin (unitless) Fout (unitless)

(person-mrem/yr) (Ci/m3) (mrem/yr per pCi/m3) (5.4) 0.495 x ( 0.583 x 0.5 + 0.417 x 9.34E-01 )]

DCFinh,Rn222_D Fin (unitless) Ein_eq (unitless) Fout (unitless) Eout_eq (unitless)

(mrem/yr per pCi/m3) where 1.03E-06 x 1.00E+00 + 5.07E-06 x 9.50E-01 + 3.73E-06 x 8.93E-01 A B C 9.34E-01 =

Eout_eq (unitless) 1.03E-06 + 5.07E-06 + 3.73E-06 (5.5) where 1.00E+00 = 1.40E-11 / 1.40E-11 A Cair(Po218,x,t j) Cair(Rn222,x,t j)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) 9.50E-01 = 1.33E-11 / 1.40E-11 B Cair(Pb214,x,t j) Cair(Rn222,x,t j)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3) 8.93E-01 = 1.25E-11 / 1.40E-11 C Cair(Bi214,x,tj) Cair(Rn222,x,t j)

(Ci/m3) (Ci/m3)

Rn-220 6.58E-01 = 883 x 6.01E-08 x 12400 (5.6)

Dinh,Rn220(x,t j) Persons WLRn220 (x,tj) DCinh,Rn220 (person-mrem/yr) (WL) (mrem/yr per WL) where (5.7) 6.01E-08 = 9.48E-10 x 1.56E-10 + 1.23E-04 x 4.50E-04 + 1.17E-05 x 4.07E-04 WLRn220 (x,t j) A' (pCi/m3) B' (pCi/m3) C' (pCi/m3)

(WL) Po-216 Pb-212 Bi-212 Figure 5-4 Radon Inhalation Population Dose from All Sources at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid after Time Step 4 in Case 1 5-5

External Dose Individual - Nearest Resident NNW 8.84E-05 = 1012 x ( 0.583 x 0.7 + 0.417 )

Dext,o(x,t j) (pCi/Ci) Fin (unitless) Sin (unitless) Fout (unitless)

(mrem/yr) (5.1) x ( 3.23E-18 x 1.61E-04 + 2.97E-11 x 3.61E-06 )

Cair(i,x,tj) DCcld,io Cg(i,x,tj) DCgnd,io (Ci/m3) (mrem/yr per pCi/m3) (Ci/m2) (mrem/yr per pCi/m2)

Population Segment Dose 20 km SSW 5.05E-04 = 1012 x 883 x ( 0.583 x 0.7 + 0.417 )

Dext,ko(x,tj) (pCi/Ci) Persons Fin (unitless) Sin (unitless) Fout (unitless)

(person-mrem/yr) x ( 2.09E-20 x 1.61E-04 + 1.92E-13 x 3.61E-06 )

Cair(i,x,tj) DCcld,io Cg(i,x,tj) DCgnd,io (Ci/m3) (mrem/yr per pCi/m3) (Ci/m2) (mrem/yr per pCi/m2)

Figure 5-5 External Dose from Groundshine and Cloudshine from U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1 5.3 Ingestion The ingestion dose attributed to a specific radionuclide is calculated by multiplying an individuals ingestion intake rate of the radionuclide by the age-specific ingestion DC for that radionuclide. In MILDOS, the ingestion intake rate calculation for an individual depends on the following input:

milk and meat ingestion rates for age group k (Umk, Ubk),

average milk concentration for radionuclide i during time step j,

average meat concentration for radionuclide i during time step j,

fraction of activity remaining in vegetables after food preparation (Fva),

vegetable ingestion rate for age group k (Uvk),

fraction of vegetable category c consumed by age group k (Fvck), and

concentration of radionuclide i in vegetation type v during time step j.

The ingestion rate intake and ingestion exposure dose rates associated with the Nearest Resident NNW in Case 1 are presented in Figure 5-6 for U-238 in 7.7 m particulates for time step 4. The U-238 concentration in the three vegetable types was calculated in Figure 4-27, and the milk and meat concentration calculations were shown in Figure 4-28. The ingestion dose of 1.03E-4 mrem/yr calculated in Figure 5-6 matches the Case 1 output results for the sum of doses from vegetable, meat, and milk ingestion.

For population exposure, MILDOS assumes that all locally grown food is consumed, either locally or outside the region. The following additional input parameters are required to estimate the population ingestion dose:

5-6

Ingestion Intake 1.87E-01 = 130 x 2.68E-04 + 78.3 x 1.49E-04 + 0.5 x 105 x Ik (i,x,tj) Umk (L/yr) Cm (i,x,tj) Ubk (kg/yr) Cb(i,x,tj) Fv a (unitless) Uv k (kg/yr)

(pCi/yr) (pCi/L) (pCi/kg) (5.10)

( 0.38 x 5.65E-03 + 0.57 x 8.44E-04 + 0.05 x 8.44E-04 )

Fv 1k (kg/yr) Cv 1(i,x,tj) Fv 2k (kg/yr) Cv 2(i,x,t j) Fv 3k (kg/yr) Cv 3(i,x,tj)

(pCi/kg) (pCi/kg) (pCi/kg)

Effective Ingestion Dose 1.03E-04 = 1.87E-01 x 5.53E-04 (5.11)

Ding,ko(I,x,tj) Ik (i,x,tj) DCing,iko (mrem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

Figure 5-6 Ingestion Dose from U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates to Nearest Resident NNW from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 5-7 in Case 1 Fraction of Meat Produced in Area Consumed by Adults 0.6217 x 127.9 (5.14)

Fpk (unitless) Uf k (kg/yr or L/yr) 0.7735 =

Ff k (unitless) 0.0179 x 0 + 0.1647 x 48.7 + 0.1957 x 78 + 0.6217 x 127.9 Fpk1 (unitless) Uf k1 (kg/yr) Fpk2 (unitless) Uf k2 (kg/yr) Fpk1 (unitless) Uf k3 (kg/yr) Fpk4 (unitless) Uf k4 (kg/yr)

Vegetable Concentrations of U-238 7.7 m Particulates at 10 - 20 km SSW on the Population Grid 2.97E-05 = 0.78 x 3.66E-05 + 0.2 x 5.46E-06 + 0.02 x 5.46E-06 (5.12)

Cv _av g(i,s,tj) W v 1s (unitless) Cv 1s (i,x,t j) W v 2s (unitless) Cv 2s (i,x,t j) W v 3s (unitless) Cv 3s (i,x,tj)

(pCi/kg) (pCi/kg) (pCi/kg) (pCi/kg)

Figure 5-7 Sample Calculations Used in Population Ingestion Dose Analysis for U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad during Time Step 4 in Case 1

weighting factor for vegetable type v in population segment s (fraction of total production) (Wvs),

annual production rate of food type f in population segment s (Pfs), and

fraction of the population belonging to age group k (Fpk).

The fraction of each food type consumed by each age group (Ffk) is first calculated. The calculation of the fraction of the amount of meat produced in an area that is consumed by adults is shown in Figure 5-7. The remaining values as calculated in the verification spreadsheet are shown in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1 Fraction of Food Type Consumed by Age Group Age Group Vegetables Meat Milk Infant 0 0 0.0178 Child 0.1417 0.0780 0.1850 5-9 Teenager 0.2168 0.1485 0.2728 Adult 0.6415 0.7735 0.5244 For the population segment located 10-20 km SSW on the population grid in Case 1, the total activity of U-238 in each food group from 7.7 m particulates from the Ore Pad at time step 4 is calculated as provided in Figure 5-8. In conjunction with the fraction consumed by each age group, the total effective population ingestion dose is calculated as shown in Figure 5-9. The total population ingestion dose of 8.23E-7 person-rem/yr matches the Case 1 output results for the sum of doses from vegetable, meat, and milk ingestion.

Activity of U-238 from 7.7 m Particulates in Each Food Type 1.46E+00 = 4.90E+04 x 2.97E-05 vegetables (5.13)

Qv (i,t j) Pv s (kg/yr) Cv _av g(i,s,tj)

(pCi/yr) (pCi/kg) 7.83E-02 = 8.10E+04 x 9.67E-07 meat Qb(i,t j) Pbs (kg/yr) Cb(i,s,t j)

(pCi/yr) (pCi/kg) 1.02E-03 = 5.90E+02 x 1.73E-06 milk Qm (i,tj) Pms (kg/yr) Cm (i,s,t j)

(pCi/yr) (pCi/kg)

Figure 5-8 Activity of U-238 in Food from 7.7 m Particulates from the Ore Pad at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid at Time Step 4 in Case 1

Total Effective Population Ingestion Dose for U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates for Each Age Group 2.92E-07 = 10-3 x ( 0.5 x 1.46E+00 x 0.6415 x 5.53E-04 PDing,ko(tj) (rem/mrem) Fv a (unitless) Qv (i,tj) Fv k (unitless) DCing,iko (person-rem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 7.83E-02 x 0.7735 x 5.53E-04 Adult Fba (unitless) Qb(i,tj) Fbk (unitless) DCing,iko (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 1.02E-03 x 0.5244 x 5.53E-04 )

Fma (unitless) Qm (i,tj) Fmk (unitless) DCing,iko (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested) 2.91E-07 = 10-3 x ( 0.5 x 1.46E+00 x 0.2168 x 1.71E-03 PDing,ko(tj) (rem/mrem) Fv a (unitless) Qv (i,tj) Fv k (unitless) DCing,iko (person-rem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 7.83E-02 x 0.1485 x 1.71E-03 Teenager Fba (unitless) Qb(i,tj) Fbk (unitless) DCing,iko (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested) 5-10 + 1 x 1.02E-03 x 0.2728 x 1.71E-03 )

Fma (unitless) Qm (i,tj) Fmk (unitless) DCing,iko (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested) 2.40E-07 = 10-3 x ( 0.5 x 1.46E+00 x 0.1417 x 2.19E-03 PDing,ko(tj) (rem/mrem) Fv a (unitless) Qv (i,tj) Fv k (unitless) DCing,iko (person-rem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 7.83E-02 x 0.0780 x 2.19E-03 Child Fba (unitless) Qb(i,tj) Fbk (unitless) DCing,iko (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 1.02E-03 x 0.1850 x 2.19E-03 )

Fma (unitless) Qm (i,tj) Fmk (unitless) DCing,iko (5.15)

(pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested) 6.34E-10 = 10-3 x ( 0.5 x 1.46E+00 x 0.0000 x 3.49E-02 PDing,ko(tj) (rem/mrem) Fv a (unitless) Qv (i,tj) Fv k (unitless) DCing,iko (person-rem/yr) (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 7.83E-02 x 0.0000 x 3.49E-02 Infant Fba (unitless) Qb(i,tj) Fbk (unitless) DCing,iko (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

+ 1 x 1.02E-03 x 0.0178 x 3.49E-02 )

Fma (unitless) Qm (i,tj) Fmk (unitless) DCing,iko (pCi/yr) (mrem/pCi ingested)

Total Effective Population Ingestion Dose for U-238 in 7.7 m Particulates 8.23E-07 = 6.34E-10 + 2.40E-07 + 2.91E-07 + 2.92E-07 PDing(tj) PDing,ko(tj) PDing,ko(tj) PDing,ko(tj) PDing,ko(t j)

(person-rem/yr) (person-rem/yr) (person-rem/yr) (person-rem/yr) (person-rem/yr) infant child teenager adult Figure 5-9 Population Ingestion Dose from U-238 from the Ore Pad from Food Grown at the 10-20 km SSW Location on the Population Grid at Time Step 4 in Case 1

APPENDIX A VARIABLE DEFINITIONS Rn220 Rn-220 decay constant (1/d)

Rn222 Rn-222 decay constant (1/d) a density of air (g/m3) bulk density of the ore material (g/cm3) p particle density (g/m3) z vertical dispersion coefficient (m) yb buoyancy-induced horizontal dispersion coefficient (m) zb buoyancy-induced vertical dispersion coefficient (m)

Ao active area of the ore zone (m2)

Ca local air concentration (Ci/m3) 1 CoRa224 concentration of Ra-224 in the ore (pCi/g)

CoRa226 concentration of Ra-226 in the ore (pCi/g)

Csec(i, x) sector-average air concentration of radionuclide i at distance x (Ci/m3) ch empirical constant to relate shear velocity to horizontal flux (1 x 102 g-s2/m4) ct dimensionless coefficient equal to 0.1 cv coefficient of proportionality for vertical flux (2 x 10-6 g/m2-s)

CwRn220 Rn-220 concentration in process water (pCi/L)

CwRn222 Rn-222 concentration in process water (pCi/L, Do average thickness of the ore zone (m) d average diameter of saltating particle (m) dp particle diameter for particulate p (m) ds inside diameter of the emission stack (m)

Ep release elevation, the reference point for the release height (m)

Er receptor elevation (m)

ERn220 emanating power for Rn-220 (unitless)

ERn222 emanating power for Rn-222 (unitless)

Fix water discharge rate from resin unloading of ion exchange columns (L/d) fothers fraction of Pb-210 relative to U-238 released through the drying/packaging facility stack (unitless)

Fp purge rate of treated water (L/d) fRa fraction of Ra-226 relative to U-238 released through the drying/packaging facility stack (unitless) fRn fraction of radon source carried by circulating water (unitless) fs fraction of production released through the drying/packaging facility stack (unitless) fTh fraction of Th-230 relative to U-238 released through the drying/packaging facility stack (unitless)

A-1

g gravitational acceleration (9.80665 m/s2) h plume rise (m)

H effective release height (m) h physical release height (m) hv vertical (gravitational) settling of the plume (m),

L mixing layer height, sometimes referred to as the lid height (m)

Lam average mixing layer height in the morning (m)

Lpm average mixing layer height in the afternoon (m) l normal adiabatic lapse rate of the atmosphere (0.0098 K/m)

More average mass of ore material in a mud pit (g)

Nix number of ion exchange unloadings per day Npit number of mud pits generated per year Pc plume-path coefficient (unitless)

Pix porosity of the ion exchange resin (unitless) 2 ptm percent of tailing mass that has a diameter smaller than 20 m (unitless)

PB210dp Pb-210 release rate from the drying/packaging facility stack (Ci/yr) p power for height ratio (unitless)

Qoi initial amount of radionuclide i released (Ci/s)

Qh heat flux from radionuclide release area (cal/s)

Qxi depleted source strength of nuclide i at distance x (Ci) qh horizontal flux of particulate material (g/m-s) qv vertical flux (emission rate) of particulate material (g/m2-s)

R rainfall rate (mm/h)

RA226dp Ra-226 release rate from the drying/packaging facility stack (Ci/yr)

Rn220nw Rn-220 release rate from a new well field (Ci/yr)

Rn222nw Rn-222 release rate from a new well field (Ci/yr)

Ryc daily production rate of yellowcake at the facility (kg U3O8/d) s stability parameter (unitless)

TH230dp Th-230 release rate from the drying/packaging facility stack (Ci/yr)

Ta ambient air temperature (K) t time following release (s) tpit storage time in a mud pit (d) u* shear velocity (m/s) u*t threshold shear velocity (m/s)

U238dp U-238 release rate from the drying/packaging facility stack (Ci/yr)

U238sa specific activity of U-238 (3.3x10-7 Ci/g) ua wind speed at measurement height (m/s) uH average wind speed at the effective release height (m/s) uz wind velocity at height z (m/s)

Vc volume of water in circulation (L)

A-2

Vdp deposition velocity for particle size p (m/s)

Vix volume content of the ion exchange column (L)

Vs settling velocity (m/s)

Vw washout coefficient (1/s) vRn rate of radon venting from piping and valves during circulation (1/d) vs exit velocity of effluent from emission stack (m/s)

W water content expressed in weight percent Wc washout coefficient (1/s)(mm/h)-1 x downwind receptor distance from release area (m) y crosswind distance from the plume centerline (m) z wind measurement height (m) zo characteristic surface roughness height (g/m-s) za height of anemometer for wind speed measurement (m) zr vertical distance above the release point (m) 3 A-3

1 Case 1 APPENDIX B CASE 1 USER FILE INPUT

SUMMARY

MILDOS STANDARD RESULTS REPORT Case

Title:

Case 1 Version: MILDOS 4.1 File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case1_verify_4_1.mla Date: 04/02/2019 13:22:26 Table of Contents

Input Listing o Parameters o Receptors o Sources o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters o Population Ingestion Parameters o 80km Population o 80km Vegetation o 80km Meat o 80km Milk o Meteorological Joint Freq Data o Food Transfer Factors Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Name Value Description ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) caseFile place holder not used caseInfo Sample file Additional user-specified information for the case under study caseTitle Case 1 User-defined title for case under study Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and milk cowIngestRate 50 cows) (kg/d)

Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion coefficients cutoffHeight 50 (m)

Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from decayPlants 14 vegetation due to weathering processes (days)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of animal-fracEdibleLeafAnimal 1 consumed vegetation (unitless)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-fracEdibleLeafHuman 1 consumed leafy vegetables (unitless)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-fracEdibleRoot 0.1 consumed root vegetables (unitless)

B-1

Case 1 Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual fracHayInd 0.5 consumption (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for consumption by fracHayPop 0.5 the general population (unitless)

Fraction of radioactivity in meat remaining after food preparation fracMeatPrep 1 (unitless)

Fraction of radioactivity in milk remaining after food preparation fracMilkPrep 1 (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for individual fracPastureInd 0.5 consumption (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for consumption fracPasturePop 0.5 by the general population (unitless)

Fraction of air-deposited radionuclides retained on vegetation fracRetain 0.2 (unitless)

Fraction of radioactivity in vegetables remaining after food fracVegPrep 0.5 preparation (unitless)

Size of grid blocks to use when calculating air concentrations gridSize 5 (m)

Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or isPopExposure True false (0)

Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or isPopIngest TRUE false (0) jfdNotes Sample data Stores user notes as needed Contains the current map projection being used for the map display; consists of a list of the UTM zone, the datum (WGS84 Local mapProj or NAD83), and the EPSG code for the projection (EPSG Coordinates stands for what used to be the European Petroleum Survey Group) mapState String with serialized map state Maximum distance between an area source and receptor where maxDistCalcArea 1000 the area source model will be used; the source will be treated as a point source beyond the specified distance (m) meatProd 0 Farmland meat productivity (kg/yr)

Frequency of time wind is blowing in a specific direction, under metFreq 0 a specific stability category, at a given wind speed (unitless) milkProd 0 Farmland milk productivity (kg/yr) nPeople 0 Number of people in sector segment (persons)

Fraction of particle size distribution for a given average particle partFrac 0 size (unitless) pmMix 1600 Annual afternoon mixing height (m) rain 0 Rainfall rate (m/yr) relRate 0 Nuclide release rate (Ci/yr)

Deposition velocity for particulates associated with the intial and resuspDepVel 0.01 final resuspension factors specified (m/s)

Final resuspension factor for determining resuspended air resuspFacFinal 1.00E-09 concentrations (1/m)

Initial resuspension factor for determining resuspended air resuspFacInitial 1.00E-05 concentrations (1/m) resuspHalfLife 0.137 Resuspension factor decay half-life (yr)

B-2

Case 1 soilArealDen 240 Areal surface density / effective surface soil density (kg/m^2) soilConc 0 Nuclide soil concentration for area sources (pCi/g) soilHalfLife 50 Environmental soil loss half-life (yr) vegProd 0 Farmland vegetable productivity (kg/yr)

Exposure time to radionuclides during the human-consumed vGrow 60 vegetable growing season(d)

Exposure time to radionuclides during the animal-consumed vGrowPasture 30 vegetation growing season (d)

Farmland production rate of meat for population ingestion yieldMeat 3070 calculations (kg/km^2-yr)

Farmland production rate of milk for population ingestion yieldMilk 6710 calculations (kg/km^2-yr)

Farmland production rate of vegetation for population ingestion yieldVeg 55800 calculations (kg/km^2-yr)

Yield density of human-consumed vegetation on farmland yVeg 2 (kg/m^2)

Yield density of animal-consumed vegetation on farmland yVegPasture 0.75 (kg/m^2)

Option that controls contents of the analysis output. STD -

optOutTable STD standard output only; STD_CUSTOM - standard and user specified custom output Option that specifies what receptor type custom output to optOutWho 1 generate. 1 - individual receptors; 2 - population receptors; 3 - both individual and population receptors.

B-3

Receptors (Return to Table of Contents)

Indoor Indoor Meat Milk Rn-222 User Input Rn-222 Indoor Outdoor External Inhalation Consider Vegetation Consider Ingestion Consider Ingestion Indoor Rn-222 Outdoor Age Occupancy Occupancy Shielding Shielding Vegetation Ingestion Meat Rate Milk Rate Eq. Outdoor Eq.

Name x (m) y (m) z (m) Group Fraction Fraction Factor Factor Pathway? Rate (kg/yr) Pathway? (kg/yr) Pathway? (kg/yr) No. Fraction Eq. Frac.? Fraction Fence 1.60E+03 -2.00E+02 9.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 1 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Boundary E Fence Boundary 1.08E+03 -1.60E+03 2.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 2 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01 SSE Grazing E 2.56E+03 0.00E+00 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 3 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01 Grazing ESE 2.58E+03 -8.90E+02 -1.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 4 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Nearest Resident -4.88E+02 1.47E+03 1.20E+01 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 5 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01 NNW Nearest 2.13E+03 2.17E+03 1.00E+01 Adult 5.83E-01 4.17E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 6 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01 Resident NE B-4 Case 1

Case 1 Sources (Return to Table of Contents)

Particle Source Release Distribution Dispersion Name Type Type Set x (m) y (m) z (m) Coefficients No.

Drying/ Pasquill-Yellowcake Stack Point 1 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.00E+01 1 Packaging Gifford Pasquill-Ore Pad Area Area 3 4.00E+02 4.00E+02 6.00E+00 2 Gifford Grizzly Dump Pasquill-Point Point 2 2.00E+02 2.00E+02 0.00E+00 3 Hopper Gifford Pasquill-Tailings Area 1 Area Area 3 1.73E+02 8.17E+02 -1.00E+01 4 Gifford Pasquill-Tailings Area 2 Area Area 3 -1.56E+03 -1.10E+03 -1.00E+01 5 Gifford Pasquill-Tailings Area 3 Area Area 3 1.20E+03 -2.20E+03 -1.00E+01 6 Gifford Source Release Terms Before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y]

Source Rn-222 U-238 Th-230 Ra-226 Pb-210 Rn-220 Th-232 Ra-228 Th-228 Yellowcake 0.00E+00 7.15E-02 3.58E-04 3.58E-04 3.58E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Stack Ore Pad 6.41E+02 3.91E-03 3.91E-03 3.91E-03 3.91E-03 1.69E+01 1.03E-04 1.03E-04 1.03E-04 Grizzly Dump 4.20E+01 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 1.50E+00 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 Hopper Tailings Area 1 1.28E+03 3.13E-04 7.44E-03 7.81E-03 7.81E-03 3.61E+01 2.20E-04 2.20E-04 2.20E-04 Tailings Area 2 3.64E+03 8.89E-04 2.11E-02 2.22E-02 2.22E-02 1.11E+02 6.75E-04 6.75E-04 6.75E-04 Tailings Area 3 1.51E+04 3.68E-03 8.76E-02 9.20E-02 9.20E-02 4.24E+02 2.58E-03 2.58E-03 2.58E-03 B-5

Source Type Specific Parameters Point Sources Inside Effluent Column Stack Exit Rn-220 Rn-222 Yellowcake Fraction Empty / Well Source Diameter Velocity Release Release Momentum Heat Production Released Th Ra Others Water Column Exchange Resin Field Name Type (m) (m/s) Rate Rate based rise? Release Rate (kg/d) to Stack Fraction Fraction Fraction Rate Volume Rate Porosity Source Grizzly Dump Point 1.5 0 1.5 42 True 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Hopper Yellowcake Drying/

1.2 14.2 N/A N/A True 0 700 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Stack Packaging Area Sources Rn-220 Rn-222 PART_ Surface Particle Water Source Area Rectangle Rectangle Rect Release Release Particulate RATE_ Erosion Tailing Mass Roughness Density Content Name Type Area Option Radius Length Width Rotate Rate Rate Release Rate LAND Option < 20 um (%) Height (m) (g/m3) (wt.%)

Ore Pad Area 31415.9265358979 CIRC 100 N/A N/A N/A 17 647 0 N/A True 3 0.1 2400000 0.1 Tailings Area 142884 RECT N/A 378 378 0 8 284.4 0 N/A True 3 0.1 2400000 0.1 Area 1 Tailings Area 270400 RECT N/A 520 520 0 13 427 0 N/A True 3 0.1 2400000 0.1 Area 2 B-6 Tailings Area 840000 POLY N/A N/A N/A N/A 16 570 0 N/A True 3 0.1 2400000 0.1 Area 3 (Area Sources table continued)

Saltating Ore Particle Ra-226 Rn-222 Circulating Storage Material Number of Diameter Water Soil Contamination Water Concentration Emanation Ore Ore Water Volume Rn Operating Time in Pit into Pit Mud Pits Name (m) Volume Density Depth Content in Ore (pCi/g) Fraction Thick Density (L) Fraction Rn Vent Days (days) (g/yr) (1/yr)

Ore Pad 0.0003 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Tailings 0.0003 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Area 1 Tailings 0.0003 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Area 2 Tailings 0.0003 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Area 3 Case 1

Case 1 Release Adjustments Over Time Source Particle Adjustment Radon Adjustment Time step Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Duration (years) 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 Yellowcake Stack 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Ore Pad 1 1 1 0.1 1 1 1 0.1 Grizzly Dump Hopper 0.8 1 1 0.9 0.8 1 1 0.9 Tailings Area 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Tailings Area 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Tailings Area 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Vegetable Ingestion Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Infant Vegetable Child Vegetable Teenager Adult Vegetable Population Vegetation Ingestion Ingestion Vegetable Ingestion Vegetable Type Fraction Fraction Ingestion Fraction Fraction Fraction Above Ground 0.00E+00 3.60E-01 3.80E-01 3.80E-01 7.80E-01 Potatoes 0.00E+00 5.70E-01 5.50E-01 5.70E-01 2.00E-01 Below Ground 0.00E+00 7.00E-02 7.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 Population Ingestion Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Fraction of Vegetation Ingestion Rate Meat Ingestion Rate Milk Ingestion Rate Age Group Population (kg/yr) (kg/yr) (kg/yr)

Infant 1.79E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.08E+02 Child 1.65E-01 2.38E+02 4.87E+01 2.35E+02 Teenager 1.96E-01 3.07E+02 7.80E+01 2.91E+02 Adult 6.22E-01 2.86E+02 1.28E+02 1.76E+02 B-7

Case 1 80km Population (Return to Table of Contents) 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 Direction km km km km km km km km km km km km N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 NNE 0 286 1603 1288 221 4073 6789 9505 12220 14591 15101 15552 NE 0 1288 1402 258 779 4073 6789 9505 12220 13210 12551 14482 ENE 0 1431 1202 1545 221 883 1472 3921 8870 14092 15611 16542 E 0 1431 2003 258 221 883 1472 2060 2649 3238 5900 8403 ESE 572 1431 2003 773 221 883 1472 2060 2649 3238 3826 4415 SE 572 143 21 26 221 883 1472 2060 2707 3677 4761 6404 SSE 916 215 21 26 221 883 1472 2060 3296 4995 5904 6812 S 286 143 200 26 221 883 1472 2060 2721 4995 5904 6812 SSW 12 15 21 26 221 883 2068 3870 3656 4995 5904 6812 SW 12 15 21 26 221 1360 3460 4844 6143 6304 6368 6812 WSW 12 15 21 26 370 2076 3460 4844 4789 4665 4838 5162 W 114 15 21 26 519 2076 3460 4844 2809 3214 3798 4382 WNW 114 15 21 26 519 2009 2904 3677 4427 4092 3798 4382 NW 229 15 21 44 519 1476 2348 3287 4226 5166 5841 6384 NNW 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 80km Vegetation (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents)

Direction 1-2 km 2-3 km 3-4 km 4-5 km 5-10 km 10-20 km 20-30 km 30-40 km 40-50 km 50-60 km 60-70 km 70-80 km N 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.90E+05 1.10E+06 1.70E+06 2.50E+06 4.20E+04 1.20E+05 NNE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6.90E+02 4.50E+05 8.70E+05 1.40E+06 2.30E+06 3.50E+05 3.90E+05 NE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.30E+07 4.80E+05 7.90E+05 1.20E+06 1.20E+06 0.00E+00 8.30E+04 ENE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.40E+04 4.70E+05 7.90E+05 1.00E+06 8.80E+05 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 E 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+05 4.50E+04 2.70E+05 4.40E+05 3.90E+05 0.00E+00 9.10E+01 ESE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.20E+05 2.80E+05 1.10E+03 2.30E+02 1.30E+03 1.20E+02 7.00E+02 SE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.20E+05 5.30E+05 2.80E+06 6.60E+06 2.20E+06 2.20E+02 3.30E+02 SSE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+05 5.80E+05 2.80E+06 1.20E+07 1.40E+07 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.00E+04 5.80E+05 9.70E+05 5.10E+06 4.80E+06 3.20E+05 1.10E+05 SSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.90E+04 5.80E+05 9.70E+05 1.00E+06 7.40E+05 5.90E+05 6.40E+05 SW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.90E+03 5.30E+05 8.90E+05 1.00E+06 7.50E+05 1.70E+05 2.90E+01 WSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.50E+05 4.90E+05 8.50E+05 1.10E+06 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 W 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.60E+05 3.40E+05 1.60E+05 7.00E+05 1.60E+02 1.20E+02 WNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.40E+05 4.00E+05 1.80E+05 5.60E+04 5.00E+02 6.30E+02 NW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.30E+06 3.10E+05 3.70E+05 3.10E+05 7.10E+01 4.00E+02 NNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.60E+06 2.00E+06 1.10E+06 1.00E+06 1.20E+02 0.00E+00 B-8

Case 1 80km Meat (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents)

Direction 1-2 km 2-3 km 3-4 km 4-5 km 5-10 km 10-20 km 20-30 km 30-40 km 40-50 km 50-60 km 60-70 km 70-80 km N 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.80E+06 3.10E+06 4.10E+06 6.30E+06 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 NNE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.10E+03 2.10E+06 3.40E+06 4.30E+06 6.70E+06 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 NE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.70E+07 2.20E+06 3.60E+06 4.80E+06 5.80E+06 6.50E+05 7.60E+05 ENE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+05 2.10E+06 3.60E+06 5.30E+06 8.00E+06 7.90E+06 8.10E+06 E 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.80E+05 2.30E+05 1.30E+06 3.40E+06 4.40E+06 3.80E+06 2.90E+06 ESE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.90E+05 5.00E+05 1.10E+05 5.40E+04 3.20E+05 2.00E+06 4.40E+06 SE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.00E+05 8.80E+05 8.20E+05 4.00E+05 1.40E+05 1.80E+06 3.50E+06 SSE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.90E+05 9.60E+05 1.30E+06 7.30E+05 1.20E+06 4.70E+04 1.20E+06 S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.50E+05 9.60E+05 1.60E+06 1.70E+06 2.40E+06 1.10E+06 7.90E+05 SSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8.10E+04 9.60E+05 1.60E+06 2.50E+06 3.80E+06 2.00E+06 3.30E+06 SW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6.30E+03 1.20E+06 2.60E+06 4.20E+06 5.10E+06 1.90E+06 7.40E+06 WSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.40E+06 6.30E+06 7.80E+06 9.90E+06 3.90E+05 9.70E+06 W 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.60E+06 6.30E+06 7.90E+06 1.00E+07 1.70E+06 1.80E+06 WNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.30E+06 6.60E+06 8.40E+06 5.30E+06 4.60E+06 5.60E+06 NW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6.40E+07 6.80E+06 8.80E+06 9.20E+06 4.20E+06 5.70E+06 NNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.80E+07 3.00E+07 6.70E+06 7.80E+06 2.60E+06 1.60E+06 80km Milk (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents)

Direction 1-2 km 2-3 km 3-4 km 4-5 km 5-10 km 10-20 km 20-30 km 30-40 km 40-50 km 50-60 km 60-70 km 70-80 km N 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 0.00E+00 9.10E+01 NNE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 1.20E+02 7.00E+02 NE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.40E+05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+03 2.20E+02 3.30E+02 ENE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.70E+02 3.30E+01 0.00E+00 1.60E+03 8.80E+03 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 E 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.30E+03 1.30E+02 0.00E+00 2.80E+03 4.10E+03 3.20E+05 1.10E+05 ESE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.40E+03 3.40E+03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.90E+05 6.40E+05 SE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.40E+03 6.30E+03 4.70E+03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.70E+05 2.90E+01 SSE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.30E+03 6.90E+03 8.70E+03 8.60E+00 2.40E+03 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+03 6.90E+03 1.20E+04 1.10E+04 4.80E+04 1.60E+02 1.20E+02 SSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.90E+02 6.90E+03 1.20E+04 3.10E+05 9.60E+05 5.00E+02 6.30E+02 SW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.60E+01 6.00E+03 3.10E+04 2.50E+05 7.70E+05 7.10E+01 4.00E+02 WSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.60E+00 3.20E+04 1.60E+05 2.10E+05 1.20E+02 0.00E+00 W 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.30E+04 1.30E+05 2.00E+06 3.30E+06 WNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 1.90E+06 7.40E+06 NW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 3.90E+05 9.70E+06 NNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 1.70E+06 1.80E+06 B-9

Case 1 Met JFD (Return to Table of Contents)

Direction Stability Class 0.67 m/s 2.46 m/s 4.47 m/s 6.93 m/s 9.61 m/s 12.5 m/s N A 0.00019 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE A 0.00035 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE A 0.00036 0.00012 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE A 0.00016 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E A 0.00030 0.00007 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE A 0.00155 0.00025 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE A 0.00121 0.00027 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE A 0.00083 0.00022 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S A 0.00159 0.00032 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW A 0.00035 0.00013 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW A 0.00194 0.00035 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW A 0.00078 0.00020 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W A 0.00066 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW A 0.00082 0.00010 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW A 0.00070 0.00017 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW A 0.00040 0.00003 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N B 0.00355 0.00088 0.00035 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE B 0.00430 0.00123 0.00047 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE B 0.00411 0.00185 0.00066 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE B 0.00136 0.00054 0.00032 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E B 0.00140 0.00054 0.00022 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE B 0.00090 0.00056 0.00093 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE B 0.00338 0.00249 0.00348 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE B 0.00208 0.00165 0.00249 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S B 0.00165 0.00067 0.00143 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW B 0.00204 0.00106 0.00089 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW B 0.00276 0.00084 0.00101 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW B 0.00365 0.00109 0.00136 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W B 0.00417 0.00128 0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW B 0.00352 0.00056 0.00180 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW B 0.00225 0.00104 0.00089 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW B 0.00313 0.00094 0.00071 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N C 0.00065 0.00189 0.00197 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 NNE C 0.00063 0.00180 0.00264 0.00040 0.00005 0.00000 NE C 0.00058 0.00192 0.00251 0.00056 0.00005 0.00002 ENE C 0.00021 0.00045 0.00050 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 E C 0.00023 0.00029 0.00019 0.00013 0.00000 0.00000 ESE C 0.00027 0.00056 0.00163 0.00042 0.00000 0.00000 SE C 0.00085 0.00345 0.01353 0.00348 0.00022 0.00002 B-10

Case 1 SSE C 0.00049 0.00219 0.00889 0.00305 0.00045 0.00012 S C 0.00040 0.00098 0.00300 0.00202 0.00064 0.00039 SSW C 0.00033 0.00088 0.00209 0.00254 0.00088 0.00039 SW C 0.00048 0.00099 0.00296 0.00261 0.00084 0.00020 WSW C 0.00095 0.00244 0.00284 0.00190 0.00064 0.00013 W C 0.00171 0.00572 0.00545 0.00163 0.00007 0.00005 WNW C 0.00127 0.00288 0.00623 0.00153 0.00045 0.00000 NW C 0.00073 0.00150 0.00498 0.00200 0.00032 0.00008 NNW C 0.00057 0.00197 0.00274 0.00067 0.00002 0.00002 N D 0.00094 0.00178 0.00266 0.00412 0.00077 0.00003 NNE D 0.00071 0.00145 0.00261 0.00534 0.00061 0.00019 NE D 0.00071 0.00153 0.00379 0.00481 0.00044 0.00002 ENE D 0.00073 0.00093 0.00077 0.00029 0.00000 0.00000 E D 0.00057 0.00076 0.00047 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 ESE D 0.00073 0.00118 0.00103 0.00120 0.00008 0.00000 SE D 0.00223 0.00441 0.01294 0.01432 0.00059 0.00002 SSE D 0.00208 0.00397 0.00894 0.01158 0.00148 0.00039 S D 0.00074 0.00133 0.00298 0.00668 0.00288 0.00118 SSW D 0.00053 0.00084 0.00221 0.00944 0.00353 0.00150 SW D 0.00075 0.00143 0.00330 0.01227 0.00569 0.00173 WSW D 0.00136 0.00274 0.00311 0.01032 0.00328 0.00101 W D 0.00233 0.00522 0.00761 0.00963 0.00170 0.00035 WNW D 0.00144 0.00325 0.00850 0.02129 0.00630 0.00098 NW D 0.00120 0.00274 0.00901 0.02629 0.00677 0.00081 NNW D 0.00105 0.00217 0.00454 0.00768 0.00104 0.00013 N E 0.00000 0.00108 0.00421 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE E 0.00000 0.00098 0.00261 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE E 0.00000 0.00044 0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE E 0.00000 0.00040 0.00024 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E E 0.00000 0.00015 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE E 0.00000 0.00015 0.00042 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE E 0.00000 0.00091 0.00468 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE E 0.00000 0.00089 0.00643 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S E 0.00000 0.00103 0.00323 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW E 0.00000 0.00086 0.00350 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW E 0.00000 0.00108 0.00446 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW E 0.00000 0.00374 0.01273 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W E 0.00000 0.00520 0.05597 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW E 0.00000 0.00224 0.01847 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW E 0.00000 0.00185 0.01606 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW E 0.00000 0.00153 0.00874 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N F 0.00392 0.00458 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 B-11

Case 1 NNE F 0.00360 0.00300 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE F 0.00241 0.00202 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE F 0.00111 0.00099 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E F 0.00036 0.00029 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE F 0.00045 0.00025 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE F 0.00184 0.00232 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE F 0.00291 0.00387 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S F 0.00345 0.00352 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW F 0.00472 0.00372 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW F 0.01120 0.01106 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW F 0.03006 0.04124 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W F 0.03300 0.05573 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW F 0.01247 0.01655 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW F 0.00809 0.00949 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW F 0.00643 0.00685 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 Food Transfer Factors (Return to Table of Contents)

FOOD_TYPE U Th Ra Pb Comments Soil to Above Ground (pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.40E-02 4.00E-03 Vegetables soil - dry weight)

(pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg Soil to Potatoes 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 3.00E-03 4.00E-03 soil - dry weight)

Soil to Below Ground (pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.40E-02 4.00E-03 Vegetables soil - dry weight)

(pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg Soil to Pasture Grass 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.80E-02 2.80E-02 soil - dry weight)

(pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg Soil to Stored Animal Feed 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 8.20E-02 3.60E-02 soil - dry weight)

Animal Feed to Meat 3.40E-04 2.00E-04 5.10E-04 7.10E-04 (pCi/kg per pCi/day)

Animal Feed to Milk 6.10E-04 5.00E-06 5.90E-04 1.20E-04 (pCi/L per pCi/day)

B-12

Case 2 APPENDIX C CASE 2 USER FILE INPUT

SUMMARY

MILDOS STANDARD RESULTS REPORT Case

Title:

Case 2 Version: MILDOS 4.1 File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case2_verify_4_1.mla Date: 04/02/2019 16:59:37 Table of Contents

Input Listing o Parameters o Receptors o Sources o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters o Meteorological Joint Freq Data o Food Transfer Factors Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Name Value Description ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) caseFile place holder not used ISR facility sample caseInfo Additional user-specified information for the case under study file caseTitle Case 2 User-defined title for case under study Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and milk cows) cowIngestRate 50 (kg/d) cutoffHeight 50 Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion coefficients (m)

Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from vegetation decayPlants 14 due to weathering processes (days) fracEdibleLeafAnima Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of animal-1 l consumed vegetation (unitless) fracEdibleLeafHuma Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-1 n consumed leafy vegetables (unitless)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-fracEdibleRoot 0.1 consumed root vegetables (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual consumption fracHayInd 0.5 (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for consumption by the fracHayPop 0.5 general population (unitless)

C-1

Case 2 Fraction of radioactivity in meat remaining after food preparation fracMeatPrep 1 (unitless)

Fraction of radioactivity in milk remaining after food preparation fracMilkPrep 1 (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for individual fracPastureInd 0.5 consumption (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for consumption by the fracPasturePop 0.5 general population (unitless)

Fraction of air-deposited radionuclides retained on vegetation fracRetain 0.2 (unitless)

Fraction of radioactivity in vegetables remaining after food preparation fracVegPrep 0.5 (unitless) gridSize 5 Size of grid blocks to use when calculating air concentrations (m) isPopExposure False Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) isPopIngest TRUE Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or false (0) jfdNotes From ISH data Stores user notes as needed Contains the current map projection being used for the map display; consists of a list of the UTM zone, the datum (WGS84 or NAD83), and mapProj Local Coordinates the EPSG code for the projection (EPSG stands for what used to be the European Petroleum Survey Group) mapState String with serialized map state Maximum distance between an area source and receptor where the maxDistCalcArea 1000 area source model will be used; the source will be treated as a point source beyond the specified distance (m) meatProd 0 Farmland meat productivity (kg/yr)

Frequency of time wind is blowing in a specific direction, under a metFreq 0 specific stability category, at a given wind speed (unitless) milkProd 0 Farmland milk productivity (kg/yr) nPeople 0 Number of people in sector segment (persons)

Fraction of particle size distribution for a given average particle size partFrac 0 (unitless) pmMix 1600 Annual afternoon mixing height (m) rain 0 Rainfall rate (m/yr) relRate 0 Nuclide release rate (Ci/yr)

Deposition velocity for particulates associated with the intial and final resuspDepVel 0.01 resuspension factors specified (m/s)

Final resuspension factor for determining resuspended air resuspFacFinal 1.00E-09 concentrations (1/m)

Initial resuspension factor for determining resuspended air resuspFacInitial 1.00E-05 concentrations (1/m) resuspHalfLife 0.137 Resuspension factor decay half-life (yr) soilArealDen 240 Areal surface density / effective surface soil density (kg/m^2) soilConc 0 Nuclide soil concentration for area sources (pCi/g) soilHalfLife 50 Environmental soil loss half-life (yr)

C-2

Case 2 vegProd 0 Farmland vegetable productivity (kg/yr)

Exposure time to radionuclides during the human-consumed vegetable vGrow 60 growing season(d)

Exposure time to radionuclides during the animal-consumed vGrowPasture 30 vegetation growing season (d)

Farmland production rate of meat for population ingestion calculations yieldMeat 3070 (kg/km^2-yr)

Farmland production rate of milk for population ingestion calculations yieldMilk 6710 (kg/km^2-yr)

Farmland production rate of vegetation for population ingestion yieldVeg 55800 calculations (kg/km^2-yr) yVeg 2 Yield density of human-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2) yVegPasture 0.75 Yield density of animal-consumed vegetation on farmland (kg/m^2)

Option that controls contents of the analysis output. STD - standard optOutTable STD output only; STD_CUSTOM - standard and user specified custom output Option that specifies what receptor type custom output to generate.

optOutWho 1 1 - individual receptors; 2 - population receptors; 3 - both individual and population receptors.

C-3

Receptors (Return to Table of Contents)

Indoor Indoor Vegetation Meat Milk User Input Rn-222 Indoor Outdoor External Inhalation Consider Ingestion Consider Ingestion Consider Ingestion Rn-222 Rn-222 Outdoor Age Occupancy Occupancy Shielding Shielding Vegetation Rate Meat Rate Milk Rate Indoor Eq. Outdoor Eq.

Name x (m) y (m) z (m) Group Fraction Fraction Factor Factor Pathway? (kg/yr) Pathway? (kg/yr) Pathway? (kg/yr) No. Fraction Eq. Frac.? Fraction North 0.00E+00 9.00E+02 1.00E+01 Adult 0.00E+00 2.30E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 1 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01 Fenceline East Fence 1.73E+03 0.00E+00 2.00E+00 Adult 0.00E+00 2.30E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 2 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01 Line South Fence 0.00E+00 -1.68E+03 -7.00E+00 Adult 0.00E+00 2.30E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 3 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Line West Fence -1.24E+03 0.00E+00 3.00E+00 Adult 0.00E+00 2.30E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 False 1.05E+02 False 7.83E+01 False 1.30E+02 4 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01 Line Nearest 2.11E+03 1.81E+03 1.40E+01 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 5 5.00E-01 False 7.00E-01 Resident C-4 Case 2

Case 2 Sources (Return to Table of Contents)

Particle Source Release Distribution Dispersion Name Type Type Set x (m) y (m) z (m) Coefficients No.

Drying/ Pasquill-Dryer stack Point 1 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.50E+01 1 Packaging Gifford New Well New Well Pasquill-Area 1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 2 Field Field Gifford Production Pasquill-Well Field Area 1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 3 Well Field Gifford Production Pasquill-Well Field - ISR Purge Point 1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 4 Gifford purge Production ISR Ion Pasquill-Point 1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 5 Well Field - IX Exchange Gifford Restoration Pasquill-Well Field Area 1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 6 Well Field Gifford Restoration Pasquill-Well Field - ISR Purge Point 1 7.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 7 Gifford purge Land Land Pasquill-Application Area 1 -7.23E+02 -2.75E+02 0.00E+00 8 Application Gifford Area Source Release Terms Before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y]

Source Rn-222 U-238 Th-230 Ra-226 Pb-210 Rn-220 Th-232 Ra-228 Th-228 Dryer stack 0.00E+00 5.31E-02 2.66E-04 2.66E-04 2.66E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 New Well 2.71E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.22E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Field Production 6.54E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.43E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Well Field Production Well Field - 6.54E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.43E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 purge Production 3.73E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8.16E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Well Field - IX Restoration 7.07E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.49E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 Well Field Restoration Well Field - 6.12E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.29E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 purge Land Application 0.00E+00 3.30E-05 1.38E-07 8.26E-07 8.26E-07 0.00E+00 2.75E-09 1.38E-07 1.38E-07 Area C-5

Source Type Specific Parameters Point Sources Effluent Column Exit Rn-220 Rn-222 Yellowcake Fraction Empty /

Inside Stack Velocity Release Release Momentum Heat Production Released Th Ra Others Water Column Exchange Resin Well Field Name Source Type Diameter (m) (m/s) Rate Rate based rise? Release Rate (kg/d) to Stack Fraction Fraction Fraction Rate Volume Rate Porosity Source Drying/

Dryer stack 1.1 2.5 N/A N/A True 0 520 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Packaging Restoration Restoration Well Field - ISR Purge 1.5 2 N/A N/A True 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 16000 N/A N/A N/A Well Field purge Production Production Well Field - ISR Purge 1.5 2 N/A N/A True 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 18500 N/A N/A N/A Well Field purge Production ISR Ion Production 1.5 2 N/A N/A True 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13200 2 0.4 Well Field - IX Exchange Well Field Area Sources Rn-220 Rn-222 Particulate Surface Particle Water Source Area Rectangle Rectangle Rect Release Release Release PART_RATE_ Erosion Tailing Mass Roughness Density Content Name Type Area Option Radius Length Width Rotate Rate Rate Rate LAND Option < 20 um (%) Height (m) (g/m3) (wt.%)

C-6 Land Land Application 250000 RECT N/A 500 500 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A True 3 0.1 2400000 0.1 Application Area New Well New Well 100 RECT N/A 10 10 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Field Field Restoration Well Field 270000 CIRC 293.161507141752 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Well Field Production Well Field 270000 CIRC 293.161507141752 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Well Field (Area Sources table continued)

Saltating Particle Ra-226 Rn-222 Ra-224 Rn-220 Circulating Storage Number Diameter Water Soil Contamination Water Concentration Emanation Concentration Emanation Ore Ore Water Rn Rn Operating Time in Ore Material of Mud Name (m) Volume Density Depth Content in Ore (pCi/g) Fraction in Ore (pCi/g) Fraction Thick Density Volume (L) Fraction Vent Days Pit (days) into Pit (g/yr) Pits (1/yr)

Land Application 0.0003 N/A 1.6 0.15 0.25 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Area New Well N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 300 0.25 10 0.15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10 4750000 42 Field Restoration N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 300 0.25 10 0.15 7 1.8 1850000 0.8 0.001 N/A N/A N/A N/A Well Field Case 2 Production N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 300 0.25 10 0.15 7 1.8 1850000 0.8 0.001 N/A N/A N/A N/A Well Field

Release Adjustments Over Time Particle Adjustment Radon Adjustment Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Duration (years) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dryer stack 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 New Well Field 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1 1 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 Production Well 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 Field Production Well 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 Field - purge Production Well 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0 Field - IX Restoration Well 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 Field Restoration Well 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 Field - purge Land Application 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 Area C-7 Case 2

Case 2 Vegetable Ingestion Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Infant Teenager Vegetable Child Vegetable Vegetable Adult Vegetable Population Vegetation Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Vegetable Type Fraction Fraction Fraction Fraction Fraction Above Ground 0.00E+00 3.60E-01 3.80E-01 3.80E-01 7.80E-01 Potatoes 0.00E+00 5.70E-01 5.50E-01 5.70E-01 2.00E-01 Below Ground 0.00E+00 7.00E-02 7.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 Met JFD (Return to Table of Contents)

Direction Stability Class 0.67 m/s 2.46 m/s 4.47 m/s 6.93 m/s 9.61 m/s 12.5 m/s N A 0.00019 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE A 0.00035 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE A 0.00036 0.00012 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE A 0.00016 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E A 0.00030 0.00007 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE A 0.00155 0.00025 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE A 0.00121 0.00027 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE A 0.00083 0.00022 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S A 0.00159 0.00032 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW A 0.00035 0.00013 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW A 0.00194 0.00035 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW A 0.00078 0.00020 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W A 0.00066 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW A 0.00082 0.00010 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW A 0.00070 0.00017 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW A 0.00040 0.00003 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N B 0.00355 0.00088 0.00035 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE B 0.00430 0.00123 0.00047 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE B 0.00411 0.00185 0.00066 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE B 0.00136 0.00054 0.00032 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E B 0.00140 0.00054 0.00022 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE B 0.00090 0.00056 0.00093 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE B 0.00338 0.00249 0.00348 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE B 0.00208 0.00165 0.00249 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S B 0.00165 0.00067 0.00143 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW B 0.00204 0.00106 0.00089 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW B 0.00276 0.00084 0.00101 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW B 0.00365 0.00109 0.00136 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W B 0.00417 0.00128 0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW B 0.00352 0.00056 0.00180 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 C-8

Case 2 NW B 0.00225 0.00104 0.00089 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW B 0.00313 0.00094 0.00071 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N C 0.00065 0.00189 0.00197 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 NNE C 0.00063 0.00180 0.00264 0.00040 0.00005 0.00000 NE C 0.00058 0.00192 0.00251 0.00056 0.00005 0.00002 ENE C 0.00021 0.00045 0.00050 0.00005 0.00000 0.00000 E C 0.00023 0.00029 0.00019 0.00013 0.00000 0.00000 ESE C 0.00027 0.00056 0.00163 0.00042 0.00000 0.00000 SE C 0.00085 0.00345 0.01353 0.00348 0.00022 0.00002 SSE C 0.00049 0.00219 0.00889 0.00305 0.00045 0.00012 S C 0.00040 0.00098 0.00300 0.00202 0.00064 0.00039 SSW C 0.00033 0.00088 0.00209 0.00254 0.00088 0.00039 SW C 0.00048 0.00099 0.00296 0.00261 0.00084 0.00020 WSW C 0.00095 0.00244 0.00284 0.00190 0.00064 0.00013 W C 0.00171 0.00572 0.00545 0.00163 0.00007 0.00005 WNW C 0.00127 0.00288 0.00623 0.00153 0.00045 0.00000 NW C 0.00073 0.00150 0.00498 0.00200 0.00032 0.00008 NNW C 0.00057 0.00197 0.00274 0.00067 0.00002 0.00002 N D 0.00094 0.00178 0.00266 0.00412 0.00077 0.00003 NNE D 0.00071 0.00145 0.00261 0.00534 0.00061 0.00019 NE D 0.00071 0.00153 0.00379 0.00481 0.00044 0.00002 ENE D 0.00073 0.00093 0.00077 0.00029 0.00000 0.00000 E D 0.00057 0.00076 0.00047 0.00008 0.00000 0.00000 ESE D 0.00073 0.00118 0.00103 0.00120 0.00008 0.00000 SE D 0.00223 0.00441 0.01294 0.01432 0.00059 0.00002 SSE D 0.00208 0.00397 0.00894 0.01158 0.00148 0.00039 S D 0.00074 0.00133 0.00298 0.00668 0.00288 0.00118 SSW D 0.00053 0.00084 0.00221 0.00944 0.00353 0.00150 SW D 0.00075 0.00143 0.00330 0.01227 0.00569 0.00173 WSW D 0.00136 0.00274 0.00311 0.01032 0.00328 0.00101 W D 0.00233 0.00522 0.00761 0.00963 0.00170 0.00035 WNW D 0.00144 0.00325 0.00850 0.02129 0.00630 0.00098 NW D 0.00120 0.00274 0.00901 0.02629 0.00677 0.00081 NNW D 0.00105 0.00217 0.00454 0.00768 0.00104 0.00013 N E 0.00000 0.00108 0.00421 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE E 0.00000 0.00098 0.00261 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE E 0.00000 0.00044 0.00118 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE E 0.00000 0.00040 0.00024 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E E 0.00000 0.00015 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE E 0.00000 0.00015 0.00042 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE E 0.00000 0.00091 0.00468 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE E 0.00000 0.00089 0.00643 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 C-9

Case 2 S E 0.00000 0.00103 0.00323 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW E 0.00000 0.00086 0.00350 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW E 0.00000 0.00108 0.00446 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW E 0.00000 0.00374 0.01273 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W E 0.00000 0.00520 0.05597 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW E 0.00000 0.00224 0.01847 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW E 0.00000 0.00185 0.01606 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW E 0.00000 0.00153 0.00874 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N F 0.00392 0.00458 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE F 0.00360 0.00300 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE F 0.00241 0.00202 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE F 0.00111 0.00099 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E F 0.00036 0.00029 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE F 0.00045 0.00025 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE F 0.00184 0.00232 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE F 0.00291 0.00387 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S F 0.00345 0.00352 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW F 0.00472 0.00372 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW F 0.01120 0.01106 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW F 0.03006 0.04124 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W F 0.03300 0.05573 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW F 0.01247 0.01655 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW F 0.00809 0.00949 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW F 0.00643 0.00685 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 C-10

Case 2 Food Transfer Factors (Return to Table of Contents)

FOOD_TYPE U Th Ra Pb Comments Soil to Above Ground (pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.40E-02 4.00E-03 Vegetables soil - dry weight)

(pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg Soil to Potatoes 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 3.00E-03 4.00E-03 soil - dry weight)

Soil to Below Ground (pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.40E-02 4.00E-03 Vegetables soil - dry weight)

(pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg Soil to Pasture Grass 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.80E-02 2.80E-02 soil - dry weight)

(pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg Soil to Stored Animal Feed 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 8.20E-02 3.60E-02 soil - dry weight)

Animal Feed to Meat 3.40E-04 2.00E-04 5.10E-04 7.10E-04 (pCi/kg per pCi/day)

Animal Feed to Milk 6.10E-04 5.00E-06 5.90E-04 1.20E-04 (pCi/L per pCi/day)

C-11

Case 3a APPENDIX D CASE 3a USER FILE INPUT

SUMMARY

MILDOS STANDARD RESULTS REPORT Case

Title:

Case 3a Version: MILDOS 4.1 File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case3a_verify_4_1.mla Date: 04/03/2019 15:52:06 Table of Contents

Input Listing o Parameters o Receptors o Sources o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters o Population Ingestion Parameters o 80km Population o 80km Vegetation o 80km Meat o 80km Milk o Meteorological Joint Freq Data o Food Transfer Factors Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Name Value Description ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) caseFile place holder not used Sample file to check caseInfo downwind dispersion, Additional user-specified information for the case under study momentum driven plume caseTitle Case 3a User-defined title for case under study Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and cowIngestRate 50 milk cows) (kg/d)

Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion cutoffHeight 50 coefficients (m)

Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from decayPlants 14 vegetation due to weathering processes (days)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of fracEdibleLeafAnimal 1 animal-consumed vegetation (unitless)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of fracEdibleLeafHuman 1 human-consumed leafy vegetables (unitless)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of fracEdibleRoot 0.1 human-consumed root vegetables (unitless)

D-1

Case 3a Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual fracHayInd 0.5 consumption (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for consumption by fracHayPop 0.5 the general population (unitless)

Fraction of radioactivity in meat remaining after food fracMeatPrep 1 preparation (unitless)

Fraction of radioactivity in milk remaining after food fracMilkPrep 1 preparation (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for individual fracPastureInd 0.5 consumption (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from pasture grass for consumption fracPasturePop 0.5 by the general population (unitless)

Fraction of air-deposited radionuclides retained on vegetation fracRetain 0.2 (unitless)

Fraction of radioactivity in vegetables remaining after food fracVegPrep 0.5 preparation (unitless)

Size of grid blocks to use when calculating air concentrations gridSize 5 (m)

Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or isPopExposure True false (0)

Option to perform population ingestion calculations; true (1) or isPopIngest TRUE false (0)

Each direction targets only one receptor with one jfdNotes Stores user notes as needed stability class - wind speed combination Contains the current map projection being used for the map display; consists of a list of the UTM zone, the datum (WGS84 mapProj Local Coordinates or NAD83), and the EPSG code for the projection (EPSG stands for what used to be the European Petroleum Survey Group) mapState String with serialized map state Maximum distance between an area source and receptor maxDistCalcArea 1000 where the area source model will be used; the source will be treated as a point source beyond the specified distance (m) meatProd 0 Farmland meat productivity (kg/yr)

Frequency of time wind is blowing in a specific direction, metFreq 0 under a specific stability category, at a given wind speed (unitless) milkProd 0 Farmland milk productivity (kg/yr) nPeople 0 Number of people in sector segment (persons)

Fraction of particle size distribution for a given average partFrac 0 particle size (unitless) pmMix 1000 Annual afternoon mixing height (m) rain 1.1 Rainfall rate (m/yr) relRate 0 Nuclide release rate (Ci/yr)

Deposition velocity for particulates associated with the intial resuspDepVel 1e-5 and final resuspension factors specified (m/s)

Final resuspension factor for determining resuspended air resuspFacFinal 1.00E-09 concentrations (1/m)

D-2

Case 3a Initial resuspension factor for determining resuspended air resuspFacInitial 1.00E-05 concentrations (1/m) resuspHalfLife 0.137 Resuspension factor decay half-life (yr) soilArealDen 240 Areal surface density / effective surface soil density (kg/m^2) soilConc 0 Nuclide soil concentration for area sources (pCi/g) soilHalfLife 50 Environmental soil loss half-life (yr) vegProd 0 Farmland vegetable productivity (kg/yr)

Exposure time to radionuclides during the human-consumed vGrow 60 vegetable growing season(d)

Exposure time to radionuclides during the animal-consumed vGrowPasture 30 vegetation growing season (d)

Farmland production rate of meat for population ingestion yieldMeat 3070 calculations (kg/km^2-yr)

Farmland production rate of milk for population ingestion yieldMilk 6710 calculations (kg/km^2-yr)

Farmland production rate of vegetation for population yieldVeg 55800 ingestion calculations (kg/km^2-yr)

Yield density of human-consumed vegetation on farmland yVeg 2 (kg/m^2)

Yield density of animal-consumed vegetation on farmland yVegPasture 0.75 (kg/m^2)

Option that controls contents of the analysis output. STD -

optOutTable STD standard output only; STD_CUSTOM - standard and user specified custom output Option that specifies what receptor type custom output to optOutWho 1 generate. 1 - individual receptors; 2 - population receptors; 3 - both individual and population receptors.

D-3

Receptors (Return to Table of Contents)

User Input Rn-Indoor Indoor Vegetation Meat Milk Rn-222 222 Rn-222 Indoor Outdoor External Inhalation Consider Ingestion Consider Ingestion Consider Ingestion Indoor Outdoor Outdoor Age Occupancy Occupancy Shielding Shielding Vegetation Rate Meat Rate Milk Rate Eq. Eq. Eq.

Name x (m) y (m) z (m) Group Fraction Fraction Factor Factor Pathway? (kg/yr) Pathway? (kg/yr) Pathway? (kg/yr) No. Fraction Frac.? Fraction N Receptor 0.00E+00 1.00E+03 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 1 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 NNE 3.83E+02 9.24E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 2 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor NE 7.07E+02 7.07E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 3 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor ENE 9.24E+02 3.83E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 4 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor E Receptor 1.00E+03 0.00E+00 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 5 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 ESE 9.24E+02 -3.83E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 6 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor SE Receptor 7.07E+02 -7.07E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 7 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 SSE 3.83E+02 -9.24E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 7.00E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 8 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor S Receptor 0.00E+00 -1.00E+03 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 9 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 SSW D-4 Receptor

-3.83E+02 -9.24E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 10 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 SW

-7.07E+02 -7.07E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 11 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor WSW

-9.24E+02 -3.83E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 12 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor W Receptor -1.00E+03 0.00E+00 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 13 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 WNW

-9.24E+02 3.83E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 14 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor NW Receptor to -7.07E+02 7.07E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 15 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 NW NNW

-3.83E+02 9.24E+02 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 16 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor Far SSW

-6.51E+02 -1.57E+03 4.00E+00 Adult 5.83E-01 4.16E-01 8.25E-01 1.00E+00 True 1.05E+02 True 7.83E+01 True 1.30E+02 17 5.00E-01 True 7.00E-01 Receptor Case 3a

Case 3a Sources (Return to Table of Contents)

Source Release Particle Dispersion Name Type Type Distribution Set x (m) y (m) z (m) Coefficients No.

Point Source 1 Point Point 3 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.50E+01 Pasquill-Gifford 1 Source Release Terms Before Time Step Adjustment [Ci/y]

Source Rn-222 U-238 Th-230 Ra-226 Pb-210 Rn-220 Th-232 Ra-228 Th-228 Point Source 1 4.20E+01 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 2.60E-02 1.50E+00 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 8.00E-04 Source Type Specific Parameters Point Sources Inside Effluent Stack Exit Rn-220 Rn-222 Momentum Yellowcake Fraction Source Diameter Velocity Release Release based Heat Production Released Name Type (m) (m/s) Rate Rate rise? Release Rate (kg/d) to Stack Point Source 1 Point 1.5 11 1.5 42 True 0 N/A N/A (table continued)

Th Ra Others Water Column Column Empty / Resin Well Field Name Fraction Fraction Fraction Rate Volume Exchange Rate Porosity Source Point Source 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Release Adjustments Over Time Source Particle Adjustment Radon Adjustment Time step Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Duration (years) 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 Point Source 1 0.8 1 1 0.9 0.8 1 1 0.9 D-5

Case 3a Vegetable Ingestion Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Teenager Child Vegetable Vegetable Adult Vegetable Population Infant Vegetable Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion Vegetable Vegetation Type Ingestion Fraction Fraction Fraction Fraction Fraction Above Ground 0.00E+00 3.60E-01 3.80E-01 3.80E-01 7.80E-01 Potatoes 0.00E+00 5.70E-01 5.50E-01 5.70E-01 2.00E-01 Below Ground 0.00E+00 7.00E-02 7.00E-02 5.00E-02 2.00E-02 Population Ingestion Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Fraction of Vegetation Ingestion Rate Meat Ingestion Rate Milk Ingestion Rate Age Group Population (kg/yr) (kg/yr) (kg/yr)

Infant 1.79E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.08E+02 Child 1.65E-01 2.38E+02 4.87E+01 2.35E+02 Teenager 1.96E-01 3.07E+02 7.80E+01 2.91E+02 Adult 6.22E-01 2.86E+02 1.28E+02 1.76E+02 80km Population (Return to Table of Contents) 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 Direction 1-2 km km km km km km km km km km km km N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 NNE 0 286 1603 1288 221 4073 6789 9505 12220 14591 15101 15552 NE 0 1288 1402 258 779 4073 6789 9505 12220 13210 12551 14482 ENE 0 1431 1202 1545 221 883 1472 3921 8870 14092 15611 16542 E 0 1431 2003 258 221 883 1472 2060 2649 3238 5900 8403 ESE 572 1431 2003 773 221 883 1472 2060 2649 3238 3826 4415 SE 572 143 21 26 221 883 1472 2060 2707 3677 4761 6404 SSE 916 215 21 26 221 883 1472 2060 3296 4995 5904 6812 S 286 143 200 26 221 883 1472 2060 2721 4995 5904 6812 SSW 12 15 21 26 221 883 2068 3870 3656 4995 5904 6812 SW 12 15 21 26 221 1360 3460 4844 6143 6304 6368 6812 WSW 12 15 21 26 370 2076 3460 4844 4789 4665 4838 5162 W 114 15 21 26 519 2076 3460 4844 2809 3214 3798 4382 WNW 114 15 21 26 519 2009 2904 3677 4427 4092 3798 4382 NW 229 15 21 44 519 1476 2348 3287 4226 5166 5841 6384 NNW 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D-6

Case 3a 80km Vegetation (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents)

Direction 1-2 km 2-3 km 3-4 km 4-5 km 5-10 km 10-20 km 20-30 km 30-40 km 40-50 km 50-60 km 60-70 km 70-80 km N 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.90E+05 1.10E+06 1.70E+06 2.50E+06 4.20E+04 1.20E+05 NNE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6.90E+02 4.50E+05 8.70E+05 1.40E+06 2.30E+06 3.50E+05 3.90E+05 NE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.30E+07 4.80E+05 7.90E+05 1.20E+06 1.20E+06 0.00E+00 8.30E+04 ENE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.40E+04 4.70E+05 7.90E+05 1.00E+06 8.80E+05 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 E 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+05 4.50E+04 2.70E+05 4.40E+05 3.90E+05 0.00E+00 9.10E+01 ESE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.20E+05 2.80E+05 1.10E+03 2.30E+02 1.30E+03 1.20E+02 7.00E+02 SE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.20E+05 5.30E+05 2.80E+06 6.60E+06 2.20E+06 2.20E+02 3.30E+02 SSE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+05 5.80E+05 2.80E+06 1.20E+07 1.40E+07 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.00E+04 5.80E+05 9.70E+05 5.10E+06 4.80E+06 3.20E+05 1.10E+05 SSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.90E+04 5.80E+05 9.70E+05 1.00E+06 7.40E+05 5.90E+05 6.40E+05 SW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.90E+03 5.30E+05 8.90E+05 1.00E+06 7.50E+05 1.70E+05 2.90E+01 WSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.50E+05 4.90E+05 8.50E+05 1.10E+06 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 W 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.60E+05 3.40E+05 1.60E+05 7.00E+05 1.60E+02 1.20E+02 WNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.40E+05 4.00E+05 1.80E+05 5.60E+04 5.00E+02 6.30E+02 NW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.30E+06 3.10E+05 3.70E+05 3.10E+05 7.10E+01 4.00E+02 NNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.60E+06 2.00E+06 1.10E+06 1.00E+06 1.20E+02 0.00E+00 80km Meat (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents)

Direction 1-2 km 2-3 km 3-4 km 4-5 km 5-10 km 10-20 km 20-30 km 30-40 km 40-50 km 50-60 km 60-70 km 70-80 km N 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.80E+06 3.10E+06 4.10E+06 6.30E+06 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 NNE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.10E+03 2.10E+06 3.40E+06 4.30E+06 6.70E+06 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 NE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.70E+07 2.20E+06 3.60E+06 4.80E+06 5.80E+06 6.50E+05 7.60E+05 ENE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+05 2.10E+06 3.60E+06 5.30E+06 8.00E+06 7.90E+06 8.10E+06 E 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.80E+05 2.30E+05 1.30E+06 3.40E+06 4.40E+06 3.80E+06 2.90E+06 ESE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.90E+05 5.00E+05 1.10E+05 5.40E+04 3.20E+05 2.00E+06 4.40E+06 SE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.00E+05 8.80E+05 8.20E+05 4.00E+05 1.40E+05 1.80E+06 3.50E+06 SSE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.90E+05 9.60E+05 1.30E+06 7.30E+05 1.20E+06 4.70E+04 1.20E+06 S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.50E+05 9.60E+05 1.60E+06 1.70E+06 2.40E+06 1.10E+06 7.90E+05 SSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8.10E+04 9.60E+05 1.60E+06 2.50E+06 3.80E+06 2.00E+06 3.30E+06 SW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6.30E+03 1.20E+06 2.60E+06 4.20E+06 5.10E+06 1.90E+06 7.40E+06 WSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.40E+06 6.30E+06 7.80E+06 9.90E+06 3.90E+05 9.70E+06 W 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.60E+06 6.30E+06 7.90E+06 1.00E+07 1.70E+06 1.80E+06 WNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.30E+06 6.60E+06 8.40E+06 5.30E+06 4.60E+06 5.60E+06 NW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6.40E+07 6.80E+06 8.80E+06 9.20E+06 4.20E+06 5.70E+06 NNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.80E+07 3.00E+07 6.70E+06 7.80E+06 2.60E+06 1.60E+06 D-7

Case 3a 80km Milk (kg/yr)

(Return to Table of Contents)

Direction 1-2 km 2-3 km 3-4 km 4-5 km 5-10 km 10-20 km 20-30 km 30-40 km 40-50 km 50-60 km 60-70 km 70-80 km N 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 0.00E+00 9.10E+01 NNE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 1.20E+02 7.00E+02 NE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.40E+05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+03 2.20E+02 3.30E+02 ENE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.70E+02 3.30E+01 0.00E+00 1.60E+03 8.80E+03 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 E 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.30E+03 1.30E+02 0.00E+00 2.80E+03 4.10E+03 3.20E+05 1.10E+05 ESE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.40E+03 3.40E+03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.90E+05 6.40E+05 SE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.40E+03 6.30E+03 4.70E+03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.70E+05 2.90E+01 SSE 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.30E+03 6.90E+03 8.70E+03 8.60E+00 2.40E+03 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 S 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+03 6.90E+03 1.20E+04 1.10E+04 4.80E+04 1.60E+02 1.20E+02 SSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.90E+02 6.90E+03 1.20E+04 3.10E+05 9.60E+05 5.00E+02 6.30E+02 SW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.60E+01 6.00E+03 3.10E+04 2.50E+05 7.70E+05 7.10E+01 4.00E+02 WSW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.60E+00 3.20E+04 1.60E+05 2.10E+05 1.20E+02 0.00E+00 W 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.30E+04 1.30E+05 2.00E+06 3.30E+06 WNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 1.90E+06 7.40E+06 NW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 3.90E+05 9.70E+06 NNW 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+05 1.70E+06 1.80E+06 Met JFD (Return to Table of Contents)

Direction Stability Class 0.67 m/s 2.46 m/s 4.47 m/s 6.93 m/s 9.61 m/s 12.5 m/s N A 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE A 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW A 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE B 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 D-8

Case 3a ESE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW B 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 SSE C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 S C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW C 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 SSW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 SW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 WSW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 D-9

Case 3a NNW D 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW E 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W E 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 NW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW E 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 N F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ENE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 E F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ESE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSE F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 S F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SSW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 SW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WSW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 W F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 WNW F 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NW F 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 NNW F 0.00000 0.06250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 D-10

Case 3a Food Transfer Factors (Return to Table of Contents)

FOOD_TYPE U Th Ra Pb Comments Soil to Above Ground (pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.40E-02 4.00E-03 Vegetables soil - dry weight)

(pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg Soil to Potatoes 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 3.00E-03 4.00E-03 soil - dry weight)

Soil to Below Ground (pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.40E-02 4.00E-03 Vegetables soil - dry weight)

(pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg Soil to Pasture Grass 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 1.80E-02 2.80E-02 soil - dry weight)

Soil to Stored Animal (pCi/kg plant - wet weight)/(pCi/kg 2.50E-03 4.20E-03 8.20E-02 3.60E-02 Feed soil - dry weight)

Animal Feed to Meat 3.40E-04 2.00E-04 5.10E-04 7.10E-04 (pCi/kg per pCi/day)

Animal Feed to Milk 6.10E-04 5.00E-06 5.90E-04 1.20E-04 (pCi/L per pCi/day)

D-11

Case 3b APPENDIX E CASE 3b USER FILE INPUT

SUMMARY

MILDOS STANDARD RESULTS REPORT Case

Title:

Case 3b Version: MILDOS 4.1 File: C:\mildos4\UserFiles\Case3b_verify_4_1.mla Date: 04/03/2019 16:53:01 Table of Contents

Input Listing o Parameters o Receptors o Sources o Vegetable Ingestion Parameters o Meteorological Joint Freq Data o Food Transfer Factors Parameters (Return to Table of Contents)

Name Value Description ambientT 283 Ambient temperature (K) amMix 400 Annual average morning mixing height (m) anemHeight 10 Anemometer height (m) caseFile place holder not used Sample file to check downwind dispersion, momentum driven plume All receptors from Case 3a except Far SSW Receptor caseInfo Additional user-specified information for the case under study now combined in one and put to the north and JFD modified appropriately to get same 'individual' receptor results caseTitle Case 3b User-defined title for case under study Ingestion rate (feed wet weight) of animals (beef cattle and cowIngestRate 50 milk cows) (kg/d)

Height above which to use Briggs urban dispersion coefficients cutoffHeight 50 (m)

Weathering decay half-life for loss of contamination from decayPlants 14 vegetation due to weathering processes (days)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of animal-fracEdibleLeafAnimal 1 consumed vegetation (unitless)

Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-fracEdibleLeafHuman 1 consumed leafy vegetables (unitless)

E-1

Case 3b Fraction of radionuclides reaching the edible portion of human-fracEdibleRoot 0.1 consumed root vegetables (unitless)

Fraction of livestock feed from stored hay for individual fracHayInd 0.5 consumption (unitless)