ML24117A224

TMI-2 Draft Environmental Assessment for Public Review and Comment

ML24117A224
Person / Time
Site:	Crane
Issue date:	05/23/2024
From:	Robert Sun NRC/NMSS/DREFS/ERMB
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ML24117A220	List: ML24117A224
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NRC-2024-0099
Download: ML24117A224 (38)

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Office of Nuclear Material Safety & Safeguards ML24117A224 Environmental Assessment for Specific Decommissioning Activities at Three Mile Island, Unit 2 in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania Draft for Review Completed: May 2024 Environmental Center of Expertise Division of Rulemaking, Environmental, and Financial Support Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards

ML4117A224 Environmental Assessment for Specific Decommissioning Activities at Three Mile Island, Unit 2 in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania Draft for Review Completed: May 2024 Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................... V 2

LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................... VI 3

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.......................................................................... vii 4

1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1-1 5

1.1 History of TMI-2..................................................................................................... 1-1 6

1.2 Decommissioning Activities................................................................................... 1-1 7

1.3 Scope of the Environmental Analysis.................................................................... 1-3 8

2 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES.................................................... 2-1 9

2.1 Proposed Action.................................................................................................... 2-1 10 2.2 Purpose of and Need for the Proposed Action...................................................... 2-1 11 2.3 Alternative to the Proposed Action........................................................................ 2-1 12 3

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS.................... 3-1 13 3.1 Historic and Cultural Resources............................................................................ 3-5 14 3.1.1 Historic and Cultural Resources Affected Environment.......................... 3-5 15 3.1.2 Historic and Cultural Resources Direct and Indirect Impacts................. 3-5 16 3.2 Ecological Resources............................................................................................ 3-6 17 3.2.1 Terrestrial Resources............................................................................. 3-7 18 3.2.1.1 State-Listed Species........................................................... 3-7 19 3.2.1.2 Decommissioning GEIS Determination............................... 3-8 20 3.2.1.3 Site-Specific Activities......................................................... 3-8 21 3.2.1.4 Conclusion......................................................................... 3-10 22 3.2.2 Aquatic Resources............................................................................... 3-11 23 3.2.2.1 State-Listed Species......................................................... 3-11 24 3.2.2.2 Site-Specific Activities....................................................... 3-11 25 3.2.2.3 Conclusion......................................................................... 3-12 26 3.2.3 Conclusion for Federally Listed Species.............................................. 3-12 27 3.3 Executive Order 12898Environmental Justice................................................. 3-13 28 3.4 Cumulative Effects.............................................................................................. 3-14 29 3.5 Summary of Environmental Consequences........................................................ 3-15 30 4

CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION.......................................................... 4-1 31 4.1 National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 Consultation................................ 4-1 32 4.2 ESA Section 7 Consultation.................................................................................. 4-1 33 5

CONCLUSION AND DRAFT FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT............ 5-1 34

iv 6

LIST OF PREPARERS........................................................................................ 6-1 1

7 REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 7-1 2

APPENDIX A CONSULTATION CORRESPONDENCE.......................................... A-1 3

4

v LIST OF FIGURES 1

Figure 1 General Three Mile Island Nuclear Station Site Location................................... 3-2 2

Figure 2 Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2 Historic District Above-Ground 3

Resource from the Pennsylvania Historic and Archaeological Resource 4

Exchange........................................................................................................... 3-3 5

Figure 3 Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit Area of Potential Effect........................ 3-4 6

7 8

vi LIST OF TABLES Table 6-1 List of Contributors............................................................................................. 6-1

vii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ac acre(s)

ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation ADAMS Agencywide Documents Access and Management System BMP best management practice CAP Community Advisory Panel CFR Code of Federal Regulations DECON active decontamination and decommissioning DOE U.S. Department of Energy EA Environmental Assessment EMP Environmental Management Program ESA Endangered Species Act of 1973 Exelon Exelon Generation Company, LLC FBM fuel-bearing material FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service GEIS Generic Environmental Impact Statement ha hectare(s)

Inland NLF Inland Nature-Like Fishway IPaC Information for Planning and Conservation ISFSI Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation km kilometer(s) km2 square kilometer(s)

LAR License Amendment Request mi mile(s) mi2 square mile(s)

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NHPA National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 NLF Nature-Like Fishway NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRHP National Register of Historic Places SHPO State Historic Preservation Office PADEP Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection PDMS Post-Defueling Monitored Storage

viii PEIS Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement PNDI Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory POL Possession Only License PSDAR post-shutdown decommissioning activities report TMI-1 Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 1 TMI-2 Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2 TMI-2Solutions Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2 (TMI-2) EnergySolutions TMINS Three Mile Island Nuclear Station YHHPMD York Haven Hydroelectric Project Main Dam YHPC York Haven Power Company

1-1 1

INTRODUCTION 1

By letter dated February 22, 2023, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) received an 2

application from Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2 (TMI-2) EnergySolutions 3

(TMI-2Solutions) requesting an amendment to their Possession Only License (POL) for License 4

Number DPR-73 for the TMI-2, located in the Londonderry Township of Dauphin County, 5

Pennsylvania (TMI-2Solutions 2023a). The amendment request explained that TMI-2Solutions 6

will be engaging in certain major decommissioning activities, and that these decommissioning 7

activities include the physical demolition of buildings previously deemed eligible for the National 8

Register of Historic Places (NRHP) by the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office 9

(SHPO). Because the impacts on the historic properties from these decommissioning activities 10 have not been previously evaluated and are not bounded by the impact evaluation in NUREG-11 0586, Final Generic Environmental Impact Statement (GEIS) on Decommissioning of Nuclear 12 Facilities, TMI-2Solutions requested an amendment for evaluation of the impacts of the 13 activities on historic and cultural resources and the NRHP-eligible properties, in compliance with 14 Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR) Part 50.82(a)(6)(ii), which prohibits 15 licensees from performing any decommissioning activities (as defined in 10 CFR 50.2) that 16 would result in significant environmental impacts that have not been reviewed previously.

17 1.1 History of TMI-2 18 The Three Mile Island Nuclear Station (TMINS) is approximately 16 kilometers (km) (10 miles 19

[mi]) southeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The TMINS site includes Three Mile Island Nuclear 20 Station, Unit 1 (TMl-1) and TMl-2. It encompasses approximately 178 hectare (ha) (440 acres 21

[ac]), including the adjacent islands on the north end, a strip of land on the mainland along the 22 eastern shore of the river, and an area on the eastern shore of Shelley Island.

23 The TMINS site has significance in U.S. history because it is the site of the Nations most 24 serious commercial nuclear power plant accident, occurring at TMI-2. On March 28, 1979, 25 TMI-2 experienced an accident initiated by interruption of secondary feedwater flow which led to 26 a core heat up that caused fuel damage1. The partial meltdown of the reactor core led to a very 27 small offsite release of radioactivity. The TMI-2 accident initiated an institutional and public 28 response that was unprecedented in the history of nuclear power in the United States 29 (NRC 2016). In response to this accident many changes were introduced at nuclear power 30 plants including emergency response planning, reactor operator training, human factors 31 engineering, radiation protection, and heightened NRC regulatory oversight. All of these 32 changes significantly enhanced U.S. reactor safety (NRC 2004). TMI-2 has been shut down 33 since the accident in 1979. In 1993, the facility was defueled and in a condition known as 34 Post-Defueling Monitored Storage (PDMS) where it remained until December 2020, when the 35 license was transferred to TMI-2Solutions to perform decommissioning activities. Since then, 36 TMI-2 facilities have transitioned from PDMS to active decontamination and decommissioning 37 (DECON).

38 1.2 Decommissioning Activities 39 Following the 1979 TMI-2 accident, approximately 99 percent of the fuel was successfully 40 removed from the reactor, leaving a small quantity of fuel-bearing material (FBM)(small 41 1 More details about the accident can be found at the NRC Fact Sheet, Three Mile Island Accident (Agencywide Documents Access and Management System [ADAMS] ML082560250).

1-2 quantities of spent nuclear fuel, damaged core material, and high-level waste) at TMI-2. On 1

August 15, 1988, the TMI-2 licensee submitted a request to amend TMI-2 Operating License 2

No. DPR-73 to a POL and to extensively modify the Technical Specifications consistent with the 3

licensee plans for long-term storage of the facility (NRC 2023). Between 1986 and 1990, the 4

removed fuel was shipped to Idaho National Laboratory in Butte County, Idaho, for storage and 5

is under the responsibility of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Idaho Operations Office.

6 On April 12, 1990, the licensee informed the NRC staff that it had completed defueling efforts at 7

the TMI-2 facility. The cleanup to meet the NRC post-accident safe storage criteria was 8

completed and accepted by the NRC with TMl-2 entering into PDMS in December 1993 9

(NRC 2023).

10 Prior to the initiation of the PDMS in December 1993, the reactor coolant system was 11 decontaminated to the extent practical to reduce radiation levels to as low as is reasonably 12 achievable. As part of the decontamination effort, water was removed to the extent practical 13 from the reactor coolant system and the fuel transfer canal, and the fuel transfer tubes were 14 isolated. Radioactive wastes from the major cleanup activities have been shipped offsite or have 15 been packaged and staged for shipment offsite. Following the decontamination activities, only 16 the reactor building and a few areas in the auxiliary and fuel handling buildings continued to 17 have general area radiation levels higher than those of an undamaged reactor facility nearing 18 the end of its operating life (TMI-2Solutions 2024c).

19 On February 21, 2021, TMI-2Solutions submitted a request for an amendment to the POL and 20 Technical Specifications to support the transition of TMI-2 from a PDMS condition to that of a 21 facility undergoing radiological decommissioning (DECON) pursuant to 10 CFR 50.82(a)(7) 22 (TMI-2Solutions 2021). The request included removal or revision of certain license conditions 23 and certain technical specification requirements to reflect current plant conditions to support 24 entry into DECON. NRC approved and issued the license amendment on March 31, 2023 25 (NRC 2023).

26 The future decommissioning of TMl-2 has been divided into multiple phases. TMI-2Solutions 27 completed Phase 1a radiological decommissioning activities and is currently moving forward 28 with activities in Phase 1b of the post-shutdown decommissioning activities report (PSDAR) at 29 TMI-2 (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). Major decommissioning activities will occur under Phase 1b and 30 Phase 2 (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). These phases are described below.

31

• Phase 1 consists of Phase 1a and Phase 1b.

32 Phase 1a focused on preparation for decommissioning, which included activities such as 33 decommissioning planning, engineering and regulatory activities, performance of 34 radiation surveys, including the use of remote technologies, procurement of long lead 35 equipment, installation of shielding and monitoring equipment, restoration of lighting and 36 cranes, and limited decontamination activities consistent with the PDMS Safety Analysis 37 Report.

38 Phase 1b focuses on FBM recovery and radiological source term reduction, which 39 includes the recovery, packaging, and storage of FBM and the reduction of the overall 40 radiological source term at TMl-2 and the TMl-2 Site to levels that are generally 41 consistent with a non-core damaged nuclear plant toward the end of its operational life.

42 Most of this Phase 1b activity will occur inside buildings, such as source term reduction 43 of the reactor coolant system including the reactor pressure vessel, steam generators, 44 pressurizer, and piping; dose reduction and decontamination of locked high-radiation 45

1-3 areas, and packaging and shipment of low-level waste (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). The 1

FBM will be recovered, packaged, and stored in the Independent Spent Fuel Storage 2

Installation (ISFSI) onsite. Phase 1b activities are scheduled for completion in 2029 3

(TMI-2Solutions 2024c).

4

• Phase 2 activities include the removal of any radioactive components in preparation for 5

demolition of structures, decommissioning and dismantlement of the TMl-2 site to a level 6

that permits the release of the site, except for an area potentially to be set aside for storage 7

of FBM on the ISFSI, backfilling of the site, license termination plan submittal and 8

implementation, and site restoration activities (TMI-2Solutions 2024c).

9

• Phase 3 refers to the management of the FBM on the ISFSI, which include providing 10 security and maintenance for the ISFSI as well as decommissioning the ISFSI. FBM will 11 remain on the ISFSI until it is transferred to DOE after which the ISFSI will be 12 decommissioned. License termination will occur following NRC approval of the final site 13 survey.

14 Phase 2 activities have not yet begun. Pursuant to 10 CFR 50.82(a)(6)(ii), the licensee is not 15 able to begin Phase 2 activities, including demolition of structures, because the impacts to 16 historic and cultural resources and NRHP-eligible structures have not previously been reviewed.

17 18 1.3 Scope of the Environmental Analysis 19 To fulfill its obligations under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, the 20 NRCmust evaluate the radiological and nonradiological environmental impacts associated with 21 the proposed action. The NRC previously evaluated the potential environmental impacts of 22 nuclear reactor decommissioning in NUREG-0586, Supplement 1, Generic Environmental 23 Impact Statement on Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (NRC 2002). The Decommissioning 24 Generic Environmental Impact Statement (GEIS) is used by NRC staff to evaluate 25 environmental impacts that would occur during the decommissioning of nuclear power reactors.

26 The Decommissioning GElS is considered generic in that it evaluates environmental impacts 27 from decommissioning activities common to nuclear power reactor facilities. The GEIS 28 addresses decommissioning of nuclear power reactors licensed by the NRC, including 29 pressurized-water reactors, boiling-water reactors, and multiple reactor stations. The generic 30 analysis was based, in part, on experience with reactors that had already undergone or were 31 undergoing decommissioning.

32 After the accident at TMI-2, the NRC issued NUREG-0683, Final Programmatic Environmental 33 Impact Statement related to decontamination and disposal of radioactive wastes resulting from 34 March 28, 1979, accident Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2 (PEIS) (NRC 1984; 1987).

35 The PEIS is intended to provide an overall evaluation of the potential environmental impacts 36 from cleanup activities including decontamination and disposal of radioactive waste resulting 37 from the 1979 accident.

38 The NRC staff evaluated the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed 39 action and the no-action alternative and has documented the results in this environmental 40 assessment (EA). The NRC staff performed this review in accordance with the requirements of 41 10 CFR 51 and applicable staff guidance found in NUREG-1748 (NRC 2003). The NRC staff 42 reviewed the documents submitted by the licensee and from prior NRC reviews, including:

43

• PSDAR Revision 6 dated March 28, 2024 (TMI-2Solutions 2024c) 44

1-4

• Generic Environmental Impact Statement for License Renewal of Nuclear Plants (LR GEIS);

1 Supplement 37 Regarding TMI-1 Final Report (NRC 2009) 2

• Issuance of Amendment No. 67 for TMI-2 Phase 1b source term reduction (NRC 2023) 3

• Responses to Requests for Additional Information (TMI-2Solutions 2023b; TMI-2Solutions 4

2023c; TMI-2Solutions 2024a, 2024b) 5

• NUREG-0683, Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement related to 6

decontamination and disposal of radioactive wastes resulting from March 28, 1979, accident 7

Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2 (PEIS) (NRC 1984; 1987) 8

• NUREG-0586, Generic Environmental Impact Statement (GEIS) on Decommissioning of 9

Nuclear Facilities (NRC 2002) 10 These documents are further identified in Section 7 of this EA.

11

2-1 2

PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES 1

2.1 Proposed Action 2

The proposed action is to amend License DPR-73 so that TMI-2Solutions can continue with 3

certain major decommissioning activities as described under Phase 2, discussed above. In 4

order to comply with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(6)(ii), TMI-2Solutions is requesting that NRC evaluate the 5

impacts of certain major decommissioning activities on historic and cultural resources and 6

NRHP-eligible properties. The definition of major decommissioning activity is in 10 CFR 50.2, 7

which states, Major decommissioning activity means, for a nuclear power reactor facility, any 8

activity that results in permanent removal of major radioactive components, permanently 9

modifies the structure of the containment, or results in dismantling components for shipment 10 containing greater than class C waste in accordance with § 61.55 of this chapter. Due to 11 radioactive contamination, the TMI-2 structures must be demolished and removed during 12 decommissioning.

13 2.2 Purpose of and Need for the Proposed Action 14 By letter dated February 22, 2023, the licensee submitted its license amendment request (LAR) 15 to the NRC with a request for review of major decommissioning activities, as defined in 16 10 CFR 50.2, that would diminish the historic integrity (e.g., physical demolition) of the 17 TMI-2Solutions owned buildings previously determined eligible for the NRHP by the 18 Pennsylvania SHPO. The licensee requests this review of TMI-2 structures deemed eligible for 19 the NRHP prior to the removal, dismantlement, and disposal of contaminated, radioactive 20 mechanical systems and components, as well as the eventual physical demolition of the facility 21 (TMI-2Solutions 2023a). Due to the historic accident in 1979, the Pennsylvania SHPO has 22 determined TMI-2 structures eligible for listing on the NRHP under Criterion A (properties 23 significant for their association with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad 24 patterns of history) and Criterion Consideration G (properties that have achieved significance 25 within the last 50 years). Both the effects on NRHP-eligible properties, and effects on historic 26 and cultural resources beyond the operational area for sites with no current cultural and historic 27 resource survey, are not bounded by the evaluation in the Decommissioning GEIS and 28 therefore could cause significant impacts not previously reviewed under 10 CFR 50.82(a)(6)(ii).

29 Therefore, the purpose of the proposed license amendment, as informed by the NRC staffs 30 review in this EA of previously unassessed potential impacts, is to ensure that TMI-2Solutions 31 decommissioning activities will not result in significant environmental impacts not previously 32 reviewed, and therefore, TMI-2Solutions can continue decommissioning the facility in 33 accordance with NRC requirements. Decommissioning is necessary to ensure the facility and 34 site will ultimately meet NRC radiological criteria for unrestricted use in 10 CFR 20.1402.

35 2.3 Alternative to the Proposed Action 36 The alternative to the proposed action is the no-action alternative. Under the no-action 37 alternative, the NRC would deny the licensees amendment request to allow for the continuation 38 of major decommissioning activities under Phase 2. In this case, the NRC staff would not review 39 the historic and cultural resource impacts of the major decommissioning activities as defined in 40 10 CFR 50.2 and would therefore disallow the removal of NRHP-eligible structures and any 41 impacts to historic and cultural resources. However, due to the presence of radioactive 42 contamination, TMI-2 structures, including the NRHP-eligible structures, must be removed 43

2-2 during the decommissioning process to maintain public health and safety (TMI-1 2Solutions 2023a). Furthermore, the no-action alternative would not allow the licensee to meet 2

commitments made during licensing. The historic and cultural resource impacts have not yet 3

been evaluated and the TMI-2 structures must be removed due to radioactive contamination; 4

therefore, the NRC staff concludes that denying the amendment request is not a reasonable 5

alternative.

6

3-1 3

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 1

TMI-2 is located on the northern portion of Three Mile Island in the Susquehanna River adjacent 2

to TMI-1 and about 16 km (10 mi) southeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Figure 1). About 81 3

ha (200 ac) of TMINSs 178 ha (440-ac) site are occupied by the station. As seen in Figure 2, 4

there are four 112 meter (370-feet), natural draft cooling towers on the site. The two southern 5

most cooling towers were used by the TMI-2 during operation and the two northern most cooling 6

towers were used by TMI-1. Other buildings on the site include the reactor buildings, auxiliary 7

buildings, fuel-handling buildings, station blackout diesel generator building, intake screen and 8

pump house, and the turbine building.

9 The NRC staff evaluated previous environmental documents (NRC 1984; 1987) and the PSDAR 10 (TMI-2Solutions 2024c) to describe the affected environment. Environmental impacts from 11 decommissioning activities are addressed in the Decommissioning GEIS (NRC 2002) and the 12 PEIS for TMI-2 (NRC 1984; 1987). After review of the PSDAR, NRC staff found certain 13 decommissioning impacts for TMI-2 to be bounded by the Decommissioning GEIS and PEIS 14 (NRC 2013),but that others, were not bounded by the prior environmental reviews and, instead, 15 required a site specific assessment. PSDAR Revision 4 (TMI-2Solutions 2022) stated that TMI-16 2 structures are NRHP-eligible and Revision 5 stated that TMI-2 was determined to be NRHP-17 eligible in 2010 by the Pennsylvania SHPO (TMI-2Solutions 2022). Demolition to structures 18 eligible for listing on the NRHP would be considered an adverse impact or an unreviewed 19 significant environmental impact pursuant to 10 CFR 50.82(a)(6). Because mitigation was not 20 yet developed in consultation with the SHPO (see Section 3.1.2), the impacts on NRHP-eligible 21 properties are not bounded by the Decommissioning GEIS. The Decommissioning GEIS also 22 concluded that threatened and endangered species and environmental justice must always be 23 evaluated on a site-specific basis in site-specific EAs and are not bounded by the 24 Decommissioning GEIS. Additionally, terrestrial and aquatic ecology impacts beyond the 25 operational area are considered to be conditionally site-specific in the Decommissioning GEIS.

26 The proposed action is to amend the license so the licensee is able to continue with certain 27 major decommissioning activities after the NRC concludes its review of the potential impacts of 28 these activities on historic and cultural resources and NRHP-eligible properties. Based on a 29 review of the information described above, the NRC concludes that potential impacts of the 30 proposed action would not result in additional impact beyond that considered in the PSDAR 31 (TMI-2Solutions 2024c), PEIS (NRC 1984, 1987) and Decommissioning GEIS (NRC 2002) for:

32 land use, visual and scenic resources, the geologic environment, surface and groundwater 33 resources, air quality, noise, socioeconomic conditions, public and occupational health, 34 transportation, and waste generation and management. Those areas, therefore, do not require 35 an additional, site specific review. Accordingly, this EA focuses on impacts from the proposed 36 action on the remaining areas requiring site-specific analysis: impacts on NRHP-eligible 37 properties (see Sec. 3.1 Historic and Cultural Resources), threatened and endangered species 38 (see Sec. 3.2.3 Conclusion for Federally Listed Species), and environmental justice (see Sec.

39 3.3), as well as the terrestrial and aquatic ecology impacts that are considered to be 40 conditionally site specific (see Sec. 3.2.1. and 3.2.2.). The proposed action is part of Phase 2 of 41 decommissioning, as discussed earlier in the EA.

42 43

3-2 1

Figure 1 General Three Mile Island Nuclear Station Site Location. Adapted from NRC 2

2009.

3 4

3-3 1

Figure 2 Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2 Historic District Above-Ground 2

Resource from the Pennsylvania Historic and Archaeological Resource 3

Exchange 4

3-4 1

Figure 3 Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit Area of Potential Effect 2

3-5 3.1 Historic and Cultural Resources 1

3.1.1 Historic and Cultural Resources Affected Environment 2

The licensee for TMI-1, which is adjacent to TMI-2, assessed the archaeological potential of 3

Three Mile Island in its entirety as part of its PSDAR (Exelon 2019). The effort concluded that 4

there is high archaeological potential for subsurface resources on the island. There are seven 5

archaeological sites located in the TMI-1 and TMI-2 operational area. Four of these are within 6

the TMI-2 area of potential effect (Figure 3) (TMI-2Solutions 2022); none will be affected by the 7

proposed action. Of these four sites, two were determined not eligible for the NRHP, and two 8

archaeological sites were likely removed during construction of TMINS. There are 13 properties 9

listed on the NRHP in a 10 km (6 mi) radius of Three Mile Island and 32 properties that are 10 NRHP-eligible. The closest of these properties is 0.6 km (0.4 mi) away from TMI-1 and TMI-2, a 11 section of the Pennsylvania Railroad Main Line linear historic district, while the remaining 12 properties are over 1.6 km (1 mi) away (TMI-2Solutions 2022).

13 In addition to the archaeological sites referenced above, the TMI-2 structures were determined 14 to be eligible for listing on the NRHP in 2010 (TMI-2Solutions 2023a). These structures are 15 eligible under Criterion A (properties significant for their association with event that have made a 16 significant contribution to the broad patterns of history), and under Criterion Consideration G 17 (properties that have achieved significance within the last 50 years) of the National Historic 18 Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended.

19 3.1.2 Historic and Cultural Resources Direct and Indirect Impacts 20 Section 4.3.14 of the Decommissioning GEIS (NRC 2002) determined that potential effects of 21 decommissioning on cultural, historic, and archaeological resources would be small when the 22 decommissioning activities are confined to the operational area. Section 4.3.14.2 of the 23 Decommissioning GEIS states that, In a few situations, the nuclear facility itself could be 24 potentially eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places, especially if it is older 25 than 50 years and represents a significant historic or engineering achievement. In this case, 26 appropriate mitigation would be developed in consultation with the SHPO [State Historic 27 Preservation Officer] (NRC 2002).

28 29 Decommissioning activities at TMI-2 will be conducted within the operational area and backfill 30 would be obtained from an offsite source (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). In accordance with the TMI-2 31 Cultural Resources Protection Plan, TMI-2Solutions plans to avoid significant ground disturbing 32 activities within areas with potential archaeological historic properties and areas having high 33 archaeological sensitivity identified by the Pennsylvania SHPO. A significant ground disturbing 34 activity would be (1) obtaining fill material, or (2) another activity that, in terms of comparative 35 depth or breadth, causes more disturbance to the native ground than was caused by the 36 construction of the Three Mile Island ISFSI or caused by the construction of the improvements 37 to structures that are located in the Archaeologically Sensitive Areas (NRC 2024a). Additionally, 38 the TMI-2 Cultural Resources Protection Plan requires notifying the Pennsylvania SHPO prior to 39 conducting decommissioning activities that may occur near or within culturally sensitive areas 40 (TMI-2Solutions 2023d). Therefore, the impact to archaeological resources within the 41 operational area is bounded by the conclusion in the Decommissioning GEIS.

42 Mitigation had not been developed in consultation with the SHPO at the time of the PSDAR 43 Revision 5 submittal in October 2022, therefore, the Decommissioning GEIS conclusion related 44 to cultural and historic resources was not bounding for TMI-2. To address this, by letter dated 45

3-6 February 22, 2023, TMI-2Solutions submitted its license amendment request (LAR) to the NRC 1

with a request for review of major decommissioning activities, as defined in 10 CFR 50.2, that 2

would diminish the historic integrity (e.g., physical demolition) of the TMI2Solutions owned 3

buildings previously deemed eligible for the NRHP by the Pennsylvania SHPO. Following this, 4

the NRC staff initiated consultation under NHPA Section 106 with the SHPO for this proposed 5

action.

6 The NRC has identified the TMI-2 Historic District (Resource # 2010RE03382) within the area of 7

potential effect as an above ground historic property (Figure 2), which is eligible for listing in the 8

NRHP under Criterion A in the area of industry for its association with the sequence of events 9

that took place from March 28 through April 4, 1979, during and immediately after the most 10 serious accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant operating history. The property meets 11 Criterion Consideration G as an exceptional property of recent history. The above ground 12 NRHP-eligible historic property consists of four non-contiguous areas totaling 5.4 ha (13.3 ac) 13 and including: (1) TMI-2 Reactor Containment Building, (2) TMI-2 Turbine Building, (3) TMI-2 14 Control Service Building, (4) TMI-2 Natural Draft Cooling Towers, (5) TMI-2 Mechanical Draft 15 Cooling Tower, (6) TMI-2 Intake Screen and Pump House, (7) Fuel Handling Building, (8) TMI-2 16 Auxiliary Building, and (9) Observation Center.

17 By letters dated April 6 and August 14, 2023 (see Appendix A), the NRC staff initiated 18 consultation with the Pennsylvania SHPO, ACHP, Constellation Energy, 16 Tribes, TMI-19 2Solutions, the TMI-2 Community Advisory Panel (CAP), Historic Harrisburg Association, York 20 County History Center, Dauphin County Historical Society, and Middletown Historical 21 Restoration Commission (see Section 4.1 for more information about the consultation process).

22 Given that the TMI-2 Historic District will be adversely affected by the TMI-2 decommissioning, 23 and adverse effects cannot be avoided, the consultation focused on development of a 24 Programmatic Agreement to mitigate the unavoidable adverse effects. The NRC staff held a 25 series of webinars from August 2023 through February 2024 with the Consulting Parties to 26 develop a draft TMI-2 Decommissioning Project Programmatic Agreement. Consulting Parties 27 provided comments and input during development of the draft programmatic agreement.

28 Webinar participants, or Consulting Parties, included the NRC, the Pennsylvania SHPO, ACHP, 29 TMI-2Solutions, and the CAP.

30 The draft programmatic agreement was issued for public review and comment through a 31 Federal Register Notice dated March 6, 2024 (89 FR 16037), which provided an opportunity for 32 public involvement in the process. One comment was received during the comment period 33 (Jennings 2024); that comment suggested further consideration be given to the preservation of 34 the two cooling towers. NRC considered the comment in consultation with the programmatic 35 agreement Consulting Parties. Due to structural integrity, safety, liability, and future 36 maintenance, as well as ownership concerns, retaining the cooling towers was determined not 37 to be feasible and no changes were made to the programmatic agreement as a result of this 38 comment. The executed programmatic agreement provides the specific details regarding 39 mitigation of the identified adverse effect (NRC 2024a).

40 3.2 Ecological Resources 41 This section evaluates the potential impacts of the proposed action on ecological resources.

42 The TMINS site includes TMl-1 and TMl-2. It encompasses approximately 178 ha (440 ac),

43 including TMINS and adjacent islands on the north end, a strip of land on the mainland along 44 the eastern shore of the river, and an area on the eastern shore of Shelley Island. The proposed 45 action is part of Phase 2 decommissioning, as discussed earlier in the EA. For the purposes of 46

3-7 this ecological analysis, the affected environment is the operational area of the TMINS site 1

located on Three Mile Island including concrete intake structures and immediately adjacent land 2

where terrestrial wildlife and habitats could experience indirect effects.

3 3.2.1 Terrestrial Resources 4

Three Mile Island is located within the Lower Susquehanna River Subbasin. This subbasin 5

drains about 15,300 km2 (5,900 mi2) of urban and rural areas, ridges, and open valleys and 6

empties into the Chesapeake Bay at Havre de Grace, Maryland. The ridges of this subbasin are 7

primarily forested, and the valleys are predominantly used for agriculture. Other portions of this 8

subbasin contain developed areas with some abandoned mine lands. A dike system was 9

created during initial construction of TMI-1 and TMI-2, and a wetland habitat developed once the 10 associated borrow pits began to fill with water. Approximately 81 ha (200 ac) of natural habitat 11 remains on the island, mostly on its southern half (NRC 2009).

12 3.2.1.1 State-Listed Species 13 TMI-2Solutions PSDAR Section 6.1.7 identifies several terrestrial species that Pennsylvania 14 natural resources agencies have listed as State-threatened or endangered or designated as 15 species of greatest conservation need that are known to occur on Three Mile Island in 16 unmaintained areas adjacent to the operational area (TMI-2Solutions 2022). American holly 17 (Ilex opaca), which has the status of State-threatened, was observed on the southern portion of 18 the island in 2008 during ecological surveys conducted in support of the TMI-1 license renewal 19 (NRC 2009). Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), and 20 ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), all of which are protected under Pennsylvanias Game and Wildlife 21 Code, occur on the TMINS site (TMI-2Solutions 2022). Undisturbed areas in the southern half of 22 the island are likely to provide favorable habitat for these birds.

23 24 In January 2024, TMI-2Solutions obtained a Pennsylvania Department of Environmental 25 Protection (PADEP) Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) review of the 26 decommissioning project to support TMI-2Solutions responses to NRCs requests for additional 27 information (RAIs) regarding the occurrence of listed threatened and endangered species (TMI-28 2Solutions 2024a). TMI-2Solutions provided a copy of the PNDI review to NRC to demonstrate 29 TMI-2Solutions process of determining whether listed species may occur in the project area 30 before proceeding with decommissioning activities. The PNDI review serves as a clearinghouse 31 for all State agencies tasked with protecting rare and sensitive species and combines results 32 from the PA Game Commission (PAGC), PA Department of Conservation and Natural 33 Resources (PADCNR), PA Fish and Boat Commission (PAFBC), as well as the U.S. Fish and 34 Wildlife Service (FWS). For the PNDI review that TMI-2Solutions generated for the purpose of 35 responding to NRC RAIs, the PAGD, PADCNR, PAFBC, and FWS considered whether there 36 may be potential impacts to threatened, endangered, or special concern species, habitats, and 37 resources within the project area and under each agencys jurisdiction. The PAGC identified the 38 peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) as a special concern species.

39 Two bald eagles first nested on Three Mile Island in 2010 and the species has historically been 40 seen foraging in the area since at least 1990. Two bald eagle nests are present on Three Mile 41 Islandone is located north of the North Access Road, and one is located adjacent to the South 42 Access Road (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). Peregrine falcons have nested on the developed portion 43 of the TMINS site since 2002 and have produced two or three offspring annually since. Most 44 recently, TMI-2Solutions observed a peregrine falcon nest on the TMI-2 reactor building several 45 years ago (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). Ospreys have nested on the TMl-1 meteorological tower on 46

3-8 the north end of the island since 2005 and on two platforms erected on the south end of the 1

island.

2 3.2.1.2 Decommissioning GEIS Determination 3

The Decommissioning GEIS concludes generically that potential impacts to terrestrial resources 4

from decommissioning activities conducted within the operational area of a nuclear power plant 5

site would be SMALL. The Decommissioning GEIS acknowledges that land disturbed by 6

construction of a nuclear power plant typically continues to be of low value as terrestrial habitat 7

throughout operations and decommissioning unless the site goes into a decade-long period of 8

low decommissioning activity (NRC 2002). If impacts are expected outside the operational area, 9

the Decommissioning GEIS indicates that a site-specific analysis is required to determine the 10 significance of such impacts (NRC 2002).

11 3.2.1.3 Site-Specific Activities 12 This section discusses site-specific impacts that would occur outside the operational area, and 13 therefore, are not bounded by the Decommissioning GEIS (NRC 2002). Terrestrial wildlife and 14 habitats adjacent to and outside of the operational area could experience impacts from 15 decommissioning activities caused by increased noise, lights, vibrations, fugitive dust, soil 16 erosion, and surface runoff. TMI-2Solutions anticipates that decommissioning activities with 17 greatest potential for direct and indirect effects on terrestrial plant and animal communities are 18 those involving major reactor structure demolition, such as the TMl-2 cooling towers, which may 19 require TMI-2Solutions to use either explosives or mechanical means to demolish structures 20 (TMI-2Solutions 2022). Animals would be exposed to elevated sound and pressure levels for a 21 very brief period when explosives are used. The PADEP has established regulatory limits for 22 noise and in-audible airborne vibration energy from the use of explosives. PADEP regulations 23 also limit peak particle velocities to minimize ground vibrations. While this regulation is not 24 specific to protecting wildlife, placing limits on noise and vibrations from explosives also limits 25 the potential effects on wildlife. If TMI-2Solutions uses explosives, it would obtain the necessary 26 PADEP permit and implement standard demolition industry best management practices (BMPs) 27 (TMI-2Solutions 2022).

28 Because the TMINS site is an established industrial area that has operated continuously for 29 several decades, wildlife outside of the operational area, but near the site has generally 30 acclimated to noise and human activity associated with the site, including noise levels expected 31 during decommissioning. Noise levels associated with decommissioning activities outside of the 32 operational area are expected to be similar to noise levels that were generated during normal 33 operations of TMI-2 or during refueling outages. The TMI-2 Environmental Management 34 Program (EMP) includes procedures, plans, and environmental monitoring requirements related 35 to birds and other wildlife.

36 Nesting bald eagles located adjacent to the north and south access road will be exposed to 37 louder noises during major demolition activities than they are routinely exposed to from the 38 TMINS site. TMl-2Solutions stated in their RAI response (TMI-2Solutions. 2024b) that they will 39 (1) consult with appropriate Federal and State resource agencies during the planning process 40 for removal of the TMI-2 owned and controlled buildings and structures to ensure that Federal 41 and State agency concerns are addressed, and (2) ensure processes are in place such that any 42 potential impacts to terrestrial or aquatic species, as well as any threatened or endangered 43 species observed on or near the TMI operational area, are avoided (TMI-2Solutions 2024a,c). If 44 peregrine falcons continue to nest on the reactor building and present a risk of effecting the 45

3-9 schedule for demolishing TMl-2 structures during the falcon nesting season, TMI-2Solutions 1

plans to contract with environmental specialists prior to demolition to determine the most 2

feasible method to prevent the falcons from nesting on the structure without harming them and 3

attempt to relocate their nesting site. Although ospreys also nest on the TMINS site, the NRC 4

staff do not expect conflicts from decommissioning on ospreys because the nests are located 5

outside of and farther away from the operational area on the north and south ends of the island 6

compared to the eagle nests (TMI-2Solutions 2024c).

7 Dust generation from decommissioning activities and increased truck traffic would be a 8

short-lived, temporary adverse impact to nearby wildlife. During TMl-2 decommissioning, 9

TMI-2Solutions would use water to abate dust (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). TMI-2Solutions would 10 implement reasonable and appropriate control measures, such as wetting soil piles and 11 concrete structure demolition by hammering, covering loads and staging areas, and seeding 12 bare areas to control fugitive dust (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). These mitigation measures would 13 limit dust that may settle on nearby vegetation that would otherwise render it undesirable for 14 animal consumption. The NRC staff finds that these measures would minimize erosion, runoff, 15 and fugitive dust and prevent adverse impacts to terrestrial habitats.

16 TMI-2Solutions maintains an EMP, which ensures that decommissioning activities are 17 conducted in a manner that avoids or minimizes adverse impacts to the environment and that 18 TMI-2Solutions complies with applicable permits and environmental authorizations when 19 carrying out activities (TMI-2Solutions 2024b). The TMI-2 EMP outlines environmental 20 monitoring requirements related to avian and wildlife management, air permit preparation, 21 erosion and sediment control, and protection of cultural resources. The plan specifies BMPs that 22 TMI-2Solutions will implement during decommissioning to comply with environmental permits 23 and authorizations and minimize impacts to the environment. These include:

24

• minimizing emissions of air/airborne pollutants 25

• preventing inadvertent releases of hazardous substances into the environment 26

• minimizing the generation of radiologically contaminated hazardous waste (i.e., mixed 27 waste) 28

• preventing discharge of oil in harmful quantities to the Susquehanna River due to equipment 29 failure or human error 30

• controlling discharges to the Susquehanna River in accordance with the National Pollutant 31 Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit (individual and Construction General Permit) 32

• minimizing loss of fish or other aquatic life 33 In its PSDAR, TMI-2Solutions indicates that it would consult with State and Federal resource 34 agencies during the planning process for removal of TMI-2 buildings and structures to ensure 35 that State and Federal resource agency concerns are addressed. As stated in section 3.2.1.1, 36 TMI-2Solutions generated a January 2024 PNDI review to respond to NRC RAIs to demonstrate 37 TMI-2Solutions process of determining whether listed species may occur in the project area 38 before proceeding with decommissioning activities. Because TMI-2Solutions (1) demonstrated 39 their process of evaluating environmental impacts on threatened and endangered or special 40 concern species and resources from site-specific decommissioning activities for the PSDAR, (2) 41 plan to request PNDI reviews if a decommissioning activity requires a new permit or revision to 42 an existing permit as determined by the TMI-2 Environmental Screening Assessment process, 43 (3) stated that they will consult with appropriate State and Federal resource agencies during the 44 planning process for removal of the TMI-2 owned and controlled buildings and structures to 45

3-10 ensure that State and Federal resource agency concerns are addressed, and (4) stated that 1

they will ensure processes are in place such that any potential impacts to threatened and 2

endangered or special concern species and resources on or near the TMI operational area, are 3

avoided, the NRC staff concludes that TMI-2Solutions would effectively minimize impacts to 4

threatened and endangered or special concern species and resources. Section 3.2.1.3 5

describes potential impacts to peregrine falcons and additional BMPs that TMI-2Solutions will 6

implement to ensure that PAGC concerns are addressed. If potential impacts to sensitive 7

species or habitats are anticipated, TMI-2Solutions would implement appropriate procedures 8

and BMPs to avoid such impacts. As a Federal action agency, the NRC has statutory 9

obligations relating to certain federally protected ecological resources, such as species and 10 habitats protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA). Section 11 3.2.5 of this EA addresses federally protected ecological resources and the NRCs related 12 consultations.

13 In its February 12, 2024, response to an NRC staff request for additional information, 14 TMI-2Solutions stated that its company practice is to obtain a new PADEP PNDI review if a 15 decommissioning activity requires a new permit or revision to an existing permit as determined 16 by its Environmental Screening Assessment process, or at least prior to expiration of the most 17 recent PNDI review obtained, whichever is sooner, to ensure that potential impacts to sensitive 18 species or habitats are appropriately addressed prior to performing the activity 19 (TMI-2Solutions 2024b). If during this process, TMI-2Solutions identifies that site activities may 20 affect federally listed species, this would trigger consultation requirements under ESA Section 7.

21 Section 3.2.2 discusses these requirements in more detail.

22 3.2.1.4 Conclusion 23 The NRC staff concludes that direct terrestrial resource impacts may occur within previously 24 disturbed areas of the TMINS site. The NRC staff does not anticipate any direct impacts beyond 25 those considered in the Decommissioning GEIS. The Decommissioning GEIS concluded the 26 impacts of decommissioning on terrestrial resources are of SMALL significance within the 27 operational area. Indirect terrestrial resource impacts could affect animals immediately adjacent 28 to the operational area, and potential impacts to terrestrial ecology outside of the operational 29 area are not bounded by the GEIS. TMI-2Solutions plans to limit land disturbance from 30 decommissioning activities to the existing operational area, comply with its NPDES permit, 31 contract with environmental specialists prior to structure demolition to ensure that impacts to 32 peregrine falcon nests are minimized, and consult with appropriate State and Federal resource 33 agencies to ensure that agency concerns are addressed. Additionally, TMI-2Solutions would 34 continue implementing its EMP and Environmental Screening Assessment process, as well as 35 follow BMPs throughout decommissioning to protect terrestrial resources from indirect impacts, 36 such as increased noise, lights, vibrations, fugitive dust, soil erosion, and surface runoff. NRC 37 staff does not expect changes to local species populations. Indirect impacts from 38 decommissioning activities on terrestrial resources beyond the operational area would be 39 temporary. Based on the temporary and localized nature of any indirect impacts and on TMI-40 2Solutions processes to minimize impacts to terrestrial or aquatic species, as well as any 41 threatened or endangered species observed on or near the TMI operational area, are avoided, 42 (2) EMP, and (3) proposed BMPs, the NRC staff concludes that impacts to terrestrial ecological 43 resources outside of the operational area are expected to be SMALL and temporary.

44

3-11 3.2.2 Aquatic Resources 1

The aquatic resources of concern for TMI-2 decommissioning are York Haven Pond and Lake 2

Frederic, which form an impounded section of the Susquehanna River downstream of 3

Middletown, Pennsylvania, and the aquatic life within this impoundment. Lake Frederic provides 4

storage capacity for the York Haven Hydroelectric Project and served as the source of cooling 5

water for TMI-2 when it was operating. Section 2.2.5 of the NRCs Supplemental Environmental 6

Impact Statement for TMI-1 license renewal describes the aquatic resources in the vicinity of the 7

TMINS site in detail (NRC 2009). This region of the Susquehanna River has been highly 8

dammed, and this historically caused population declines in multiple anadromous species, 9

including American shad (Alosa sapidissima) and river herring. Intensive restoration efforts for 10 these species, including construction of upstream fish passage facilities at multiple dams in the 11 1990s and early 2000s, have allowed these populations to rebound. This region is also used for 12 recreational fishing smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), flathead catfish (Pylodictis spp.),

13 channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and walleye (Sander vitreus), among other species (NRC 14 2009).

15 3.2.2.1 State-Listed Species 16 As discussed in Section 3.2.1, TMI-2Solutions obtained a PNDI review of the decommissioning 17 project. In the report, the PA Fish and Boat Commission did not identify any aquatic species and 18 stated that, No impact is anticipated to [state-listed] threatened and endangered species and/or 19 special concern species and resources (TMI-2Solutions 2024b). While TMI-2Solutions PSDAR 20 identifies the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) as a Pennsylvania endangered species 21 and a species of greatest conservation need (TMI-2Solutions 2024c; PNHP 2024), TMI-22 2Solutions states there has been no observation of this species near Three Mile Island (TMI-23 2Solutions 2024c).

24 3.2.2.2 Site-Specific Activities 25 Direct impacts to aquatic resources may occur from decommissioning activities related to intake 26 structure removal (TMI-2Solutions 2022), which was evaluated in the Decommissioning GEIS.

27 The staff anticipate no additional impacts on aquatic resources from removal of intake structures 28 than those described in the GEIS. During TMI-2 operations, water from the Susquehanna River 29 was used to cool reactor systems and heated effluent was discharged into the Susquehanna 30 River. TMI-2Solutions plans to use cofferdams with dewatering systems during intake structure 31 removal. TMI-2Solutions would use BMPs to limit erosion while intake structures are removed 32 and would comply with regulatory and permit requirements to protect surface water and 33 groundwater resources (TMI-2Solutions 2024c). If the removal of intake structures could impact 34 jurisdictional wetlands, TMI-2Solutions would be required to obtain a Clean Water Act Section 35 404 permit and to follow the applicable regulations set forth at 25 Pennsylvania Code § 105, 36 Dam Safety and Waterway Management. With respect to other indirect impacts, TMI-2Solutions 37 would comply with all relevant permits and adhere to erosion and sediment controls, soil 38 stabilization practices, structural practices, and pollution prevention measures to ensure that 39 any water quality impacts from decommissioning are minimized and temporary (TMI-40 2Solutions 2024c).

41 As described in Section 3.2.1, Terrestrial Resources, TMI-2Solutions maintains an EMP, which 42 ensures that decommissioning activities are conducted in a manner that avoids or minimizes 43 adverse impacts to the environment and that TMI-2Solutions complies with applicable permits 44 and environmental authorizations when carrying out activities, including controlling discharges 45

3-12 to the Susquehanna River in accordance with their NPDES permit (individual and Construction 1

General Permit) and BMPs (TMI-2Solutions 2024b). Additionally, TMI-2Solutions would request 2

the PADEP to perform a new PNDI review of the decommissioning project if a decommissioning 3

activity requires a new permit or revision to an existing permit as determined by its 4

Environmental Screening Assessment process, or at least prior to expiration of the most recent 5

PNDI review obtained, whichever is sooner, to ensure that potential impacts to sensitive species 6

or habitats are appropriately consider prior to performing the activity (TMI-2Solutions 2024b).

7 3.2.2.3 Conclusion 8

The NRC staff concludes direct and indirect aquatic ecology impacts in areas adjacent to the 9

operational area would be insignificant. The NRC staff does not anticipate any impacts to 10 aquatic ecology other than those discussed in the Decommissioning GEIS. The 11 Decommissioning GEIS concluded the impacts of decommissioning on aquatic resources are of 12 SMALL significance within the operational area. TMI-2Solutions plans to maintain its EMP, 13 comply with its NPDES permit, conduct no dredging activities, continue the EMP and 14 Environmental Screening Assessment process, and implement BMPs throughout 15 decommissioning to protect the Susquehanna River from sedimentation, runoff, and fugitive 16 dust. Impacts to aquatic ecological resources outside of the operational area are expected to be 17 SMALL from decommissioning activities because decommissioning would occur within 18 previously disturbed areas of the TMI-2 site and impacts would be temporary and minimized 19 through the implementation of the EMP and associated BMPs.

20 3.2.3 Conclusion for Federally Listed Species 21 The NRC must consider the effects of its actions on ecological resources protected under 22 several Federal statutes and must consult with the FWS or the National Oceanic and 23 Atmospheric Administration prior to acting in cases where an agency may affect those 24 resources. These statues include the following:

25

• ESA of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.)

26

• Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, as amended by the 27 Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996 (16 U.S.C. § 1801 et seq.)

28

• National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. 1431 § et seq.)

29 The NRC staff used the FWSs Environmental Conservation Online System Information for 30 Planning and Conservation (IPaC) database to identify federally protected species and critical 31 habitats that may be present in the TMI-2 action area. The IPaC database (FWS 2024) 32 identified six species under FWS jurisdiction that potentially occur in the action area: Indiana bat 33 (Myotis sodalist), northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), tricolored bat 34 (Perimyotis subflavus), green floater (Lasmigona subviridis), northeastern bulrush 35 (Scirpus ancistrochaetus), and monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). The NRC staff 36 determined these species to be relevant to this review based on the FWSs IPaC report, 37 desktop analysis of the TMI-2 action area, and available scientific literature and studies. The 38 NRC staff concluded that the proposed action may affect but is not likely to adversely affect 39 these six species. The NRC staffs determination is provided in a letter to FWS May 24, 2024 40 (NRC 2024b), and is incorporated here by reference. The NRC staff requested the FWSs 41 concurrence with the staffs determination and FWSs comments will be provided in the final EA.

42

3-13 3.3 Executive Order 12898Environmental Justice 1

Executive Order (E.O.) 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority 2

Populations and Low-Income Populations, (59 FR 7629) dated February 16, 1994, directs 3

Federal agencies to identify and address the disproportionately high and adverse human health 4

or environmental effects of their actions on minority and low-income populations, to the greatest 5

extent practicable and permitted by law. Although independent agencies, such as the NRC, 6

were only requested, rather than directed, to comply with the E.O., NRC Chairman Ivan Selin, in 7

a letter to the President, indicated that the NRC would endeavor to carry out the measures set 8

forth in the E.O. and the accompanying memorandum as part of the NRCs efforts to comply 9

with the requirements of NEPA. In 2004, the Commission issued its Policy Statement on the 10 Treatment of Environmental Justice Matters in NRC Regulatory and Licensing Actions 11 (69 FR 52040).

12 The environmental justice impact analysis evaluates the potential for disproportionate and 13 adverse human health and environmental effects on minority and low-income populations that 14 could result from the proposed decommissioning activities. Such effects may include human 15 health, biological, cultural, economic, or social impacts. Minority and low-income populations are 16 subsets of the general public residing around the reactor, and all are exposed to the same 17 health and environmental effects generated from decommissioning activities.

18 Minority Populations in the Vicinity of TMI-2According to the U.S. Census Bureaus 2020 19 Census data, approximately 18 percent of the population (approximately 63,000 individuals) 20 residing within a 10 km (6 mi) radius of TMI-2 identified themselves as minority. The largest 21 minority population were Black or African American alone or in combination with other race 22 (approximately 4,400 individuals or 7 percent) followed by Hispanic or Latino of any race 23 (approximately 4,000 individuals or 6 percent) (MCDC 2024). According to the 2020 Census, 24 39 percent of the Dauphin County population identified themselves as minority with Black or 25 African American alone or in combination with other race (21 percent), Hispanic or Latino of any 26 race (11 percent), and Asian alone or in combination with other race (7 percent) comprising the 27 largest minority populations (USCB 2024).

28 Low-income Populations in the Vicinity of TMI-2According to the U.S. Census Bureaus 2018-29 2022 American community survey 5-year estimates, approximately 5,000 persons and 900 30 families (approximately 8 and 6 percent, respectively) residing within a 10 km (6 mi) radius of 31 TMI-2 were identified as living below the Federal poverty threshold (MCDC 2024). The 2022 32 Federal poverty threshold was $30,186 for a family of four. According to the U.S. Census 33 Bureaus 2022 American Community Survey Census 1-Year Estimates, the median household 34 income for Pennsylvania was $71,798 while approximately 8 percent of families and 12 percent 35 of the State population were found to be living below the Federal poverty threshold. Dauphin 36 County had a higher estimated median household income average ($122,403) and lower 37 percentages of families (10 percent) and persons (13 percent) living below the poverty level 38 (USCB 2024).

39 Impact AnalysisPotential impacts to minority and low-income populations would mostly 40 consist of radiological effects, which would be the same as for those of the general population.

41 However, radiation doses from decommissioning activities associated with the proposed action 42 are expected to be below regulatory limits with no significant visual or noise impacts. Based on 43 this information and the analysis of human health and environmental impacts in this EA, the 44 proposed decommissioning activities would not have disproportionate and adverse human 45 health and environmental effects on minority and low -income populations living near TMI-2.

46

3-14 3.4 Cumulative Effects 1

The NRC staffs assessment of cumulative effects considers the incremental effects of the 2

proposed action when combined with the effects of other past, present, and reasonably 3

foreseeable actions at the TMI-2 site.

4 In the preceding sections of this EA, the NRC staff has determined that the proposed action has 5

the potential to affect NRHP-eligible properties, threatened and endangered species, and 6

environmental justice. Accordingly, this section only addresses the cumulative effects that could 7

result from the proposed action and other actions on these resources. The proposed action 8

would have no effect on the remaining resources, and thus, cumulative effects would not occur 9

for these environmental resources.

10 As part of a Settlement Agreement for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) 11 relicensing of the York Haven Hydroelectric Project, York Haven Power Company (YHPC) plans 12 to construct an Inland Nature-Like Fishway (Inland NLF) along the Susquehanna River where 13 the York Haven Hydroelectric Project Main Dam (YHHPMD) joins Three Mile Island. The 14 primary purpose of the Inland NLF is to improve fish passage and connectivity in the 15 Susquehanna River (USACE 2023). An earlier in-river design was found not to be feasible. The 16 Inland NLF construction will involve the creation of an inland bypass channel on Three Mile 17 Island as well as certain modifications to the rock-filled concrete portion of the dam itself. This 18 area of Three Mile Island is known to have archaeological sites, and the York Haven 19 Hydroelectric Development facilities are eligible for the NRHP. Two previously listed 20 archaeological sites are located in the vicinity of the York Haven Project where the Inland NLF 21 will be constructed, and one of the sites is NRHP eligible. The Inland NLF may affect a portion 22 of the archaeological sites and the YHHPMD. The construction of the Inland NLF is scheduled 23 to occur over the course of approximately 18 months commencing in May 2024. YHPC has 24 initiated Section 106 consultation with the Pennsylvania SHPO and is requesting a modification 25 to its current FERC license for the construction of the Inland NLF to replace the original in-river 26 NLF design. FERC, as the lead Federal agency, has responsibility to ensure compliance with 27 NHPA. Due to the ongoing Section 106 consultation for the construction of the Inland NLF, the 28 NRC staff finds that the Inland NLF is not likely to contribute to cumulative effects on historic 29 and cultural resources. The Inland NLF would permanently impact wetlands. Additionally, the 30 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has preliminarily determined that the project is not likely to 31 adversely affect federally listed threatened or endangered species or critical habitat under ESA 32 Section 7 (USACE 2023).

33 In addition to the TMI-2, Three Mile Island also contains the TMl-1 facility that permanently 34 ceased power operations on September 20, 2019. TMI-1 is owned and operated by Exelon 35 Generation Company, LLC (Exelon). Exelon has submitted a PSDAR to NRC detailing its 36 decommissioning plan and schedule (Exelon 2019). As required by 10 CFR 50.82(a)(7), Exelon 37 must notify NRC in writing before performing any decommissioning activity inconsistent with, or 38 making significant schedules change from, those described in the PSDAR. Additionally, Exelon 39 will provide the NRC with updates of site-specific impact assessments once decommissioning 40 activities have been finally determined and scheduled. Decommissioning at TMI-1 is planned for 41 completion by 2078 (Exelon 2019). Decommissioning at TMI-2 is planned to be completed in 42 2037 (TMI-2Solutions 2024c), such that the demolition of TMI-1 buildings is unlikely to overlap 43 with the TMI-2 demolition activities. Ultimately, the TMINS will be released from NRC regulatory 44 authority after decommissioning and license termination is complete.

45

3-15 3.5 Summary of Environmental Consequences 1

The proposed action would not result in additional impacts in any of the resource areas beyond 2

those considered in the TMI-2 PSDAR, PEIS, and generically addressed in the 3

Decommissioning GEIS, except for those areas requiring site-specific analysis: impacts on 4

NRHP-eligible properties, threatened and endangered species, and environmental justice.

5 Depending on site-specific circumstances, terrestrial ecology beyond the operational area and 6

aquatic ecology beyond the operational area are considered to be conditionally site specific.

7 The proposed action will result in adverse impacts to historic properties. Therefore, a 8

programmatic agreement was executed as a means to resolve the adverse effects caused by 9

demolition of the TMI-2 buildings. The mitigation of adverse effects to the TMI-2 Historic District, 10 which is eligible for listing in the NRHP, will be completed in accordance with the TMI-2 11 Demolition and Decommissioning Programmatic Agreement (NRC 2024a).

12 Impacts to threatened and endangered species are not bounded by the Decommissioning GEIS 13 and must always be evaluated on a site-specific basis. The staff found that the proposed action 14 may affect but is not likely to adversely affect the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalist), northern long-15 eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), green floater 16 (Lasmigona subviridis), northeastern bulrush (Scirpus ancistrochaetus), and monarch butterfly 17 (Danaus plexippus). The NRC staff requested the FWSs concurrence on federally listed 18 species in correspondence dated May 24, 2024 (NRC 2024b). FWSs comments will be 19 provided in the final EA.

20 Environmental justice impacts could not be generically dispositioned in the Decommissioning 21 GEIS and must be assessed on a site-specific basis. The proposed action would not have 22 disproportionate and adverse human health and environmental effects on minority and low-23 income populations living near TMI-2.

24

4-1 4

CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION 1

The NRC staff consulted with other agencies regarding the proposed action in accordance with 2

NUREG-1748 (NRC 2003). These consultations were undertaken to (1) assure that the 3

requirements of Section 106 of the NHPA, and Section 7 of the ESA were met, and (2) provide 4

the designated Federal and State liaison agencies the opportunity to comment on the proposed 5

action.

6 4.1 National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 Consultation 7

By letter dated April 6, 2023, the NRC staff initiated consultation with the Pennsylvania SHPO, 8

16 Tribes and other identified members of the public. Error! Reference source not found.

9 contains the list of correspondence. In the letters initiating consultation, the NRC informed the 10 recipients about the project, requested any available information and started the consultation 11 process where appropriate.

12 The NRC received two responses; one from the Pennsylvania SHPO (Pennsylvania SHPO 13 2023) acknowledging receipt and initiation of the Section 106 process and providing comments 14 on historic resources, the other from the Shawnee Tribe accepting the invitation for consultation 15 and requesting to be informed of any future discoveries (Shawnee Tribe 2023). By letter dated 16 August 14, 2023, the NRC sent six additional letters to local organizations inviting them into 17 consultation on the programmatic agreement. Error! Reference source not found. contains 18 the list of correspondence. The NRC received two responses: one from the CAP accepting 19 consultation (CAP 2023), the other from Pennsylvania State Archives (PSA 2023) deferring 20 consultation to the Pennsylvania SHPO. All correspondence related to Section 106 consultation 21 can be found in Error! Reference source not found..

22 4.2 ESA Section 7 Consultation 23 Upon receipt of TMI-2Solutions application, the NRC staff considered whether any federally 24 listed or proposed species or designated or proposed critical habitats may be present in the 25 action area (as defined at 50 CFR 402.02) for the proposed action. As discussed in 26 section 3.2.3 of this EA and in the May 24, 2024 letter detailing the NRC determinations to the 27 FWS for its review and concurrence (NRC 2024b), the NRC staff found that the proposed action 28 may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), northern long-29 eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), monarch butterfly 30 (Danaus plexippus), northeastern bulrush (Scirpus ancistrochaetus), or green floater 31 (Lasmigona subviridis). FWSs comments will be provided in the final EA.

32

5-1 5

CONCLUSION AND DRAFT FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT 1

Based on its review of the proposed action, in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR 51, 2

the NRC staff has determined that amendment of NRC License DPR-73, addressing evaluation 3

of impacts of specific decommissioning activities on historic and cultural resources and the 4

NRHP-eligible properties, would not significantly affect the quality of the human environment.

5 The Decommissioning GEIS and the PEIS generically addressed many of the potential 6

environmental impacts of the specific decommissioning activities proposed at TMI-2. During its 7

review of the LAR, the NRC concluded that the impacts of the proposed action for the following 8

resource areas are bounded by the Decommissioning GEIS and PEIS: land use, visual and 9

scenic resources, the geologic environment, surface and groundwater resources, air quality, 10 noise, socioeconomic conditions, public and occupational health, transportation, and waste 11 generation and management. For these resource areas, the NRC does not expect impacts 12 beyond those discussed in the Decommissioning GEIS and PEIS, which concluded that the 13 impacts would be SMALL.

14 Three resource areas required a site-specific review; impacts on NRHP-eligible properties, 15 threatened and endangered species, and environmental justice. The proposed action will result 16 in adverse impacts to historic properties, which have been mitigated and resolved through the 17 execution of the TMI-2 Demolition and Decommissioning Programmatic Agreement 18 (NRC 2024a). The staff found that the proposed action may affect, but is not likely to adversely 19 effect, the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalist), northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis),

20 tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), green floater (Lasmigona subviridis), northeastern bulrush 21 (Scirpus ancistrochaetus), and monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). The NRC staff transmitted 22 a letter detailing the NRC determinations to the FWS for its review and concurrence on May 24, 23 2024 (NRC 2024b). FWSs comments will be provided in the final EA. The NRC staff found that 24 the proposed decommissioning activities would not have disproportionate and adverse human 25 health and environmental effects on minority and low-income populations living near TMI-2.

26 Therefore, based on this preliminary assessment, in accordance with 10 CFR 51.31, the NRC 27 staff has concluded that the proposed action does not warrant the preparation of an 28 environmental impact statement, and, pursuant to 10 CFR 51.32, a finding of no significant 29 impact is appropriate.

30

6-1 6

LIST OF PREPARERS 1

This EA was prepared by the Environmental Center of Expertise in the Division of Rulemaking, 2

Environmental, and Financial Support in the Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards.

3 Contributors to the EA are listed below (Error! Reference source not found..)

4 Table 6-1 List of Contributors 5

Contributor Years of Experience, Education Stacey Imboden, NRC

• BS Meteorology

• MS Environmental Engineering

• Duke NEPA Certificate

• 23 years of professional experience Jean Trefethen, NRC

• BA Biology and Chemistry

• Duke NEPA Certificate

• 15 years of professional experience Amy Minor, NRC

• BA Environmental Studies

• Duke NEPA Certificates

• 23 years of environmental site analysis and evaluations Jeffrey Rikhoff, NRC

• BA English

• MS Development Economics

• MRP Regional Environmental Planning

• A total of 43 years of combined industry and government experience in NEPA compliance for DOE Defense Programs/NNSA and Nuclear Energy, DoD, and DOI; project management; socioeconomics and environmental justice impact analysis, historic and cultural resource impact assessments, consultation with American Indian Tribes, and comprehensive land-use and development planning studies BA = Bachelor of Arts; BS = Bachelor of Science; DoD = U.S. Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; 6

DOI = U.S. Department of Interior; NRC = U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; MRP = Master of Regional 7

Planning; MS = Master of Science; NEPA = National Environmental Policy Act of 1969; NNSA = National Nuclear 8

Security Administration; NRC = U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; PhD = Doctor of Philosophy.

9 10

7-1 7

REFERENCES 1

References used in the preparation of this EA are publicly available online or through the NRCs 2

Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) at 3

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. To begin a search in ADAMS, select Begin WBA 4

Search. The ADAMS accession number is provided for references in ADAMS.

5 10 CFR Part 51. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Energy, Part 51, Environmental 6

Protection Regulations for Domestic Licensing and Related Regulatory Functions.

7 40 CFR Part 81. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Protection of Environment, Part 81, 8

Designation of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes.

9 50 CFR Part 402. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 50, Wildlife and Fisheries, Part 402, 10 Interagency CooperationEndangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.

11 59 FR 7629. Executive Order No. 12898. Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in 12 Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations. Federal Register 59(32):7629-7634.

13 February 16, 1994.

14 69 FR 52040. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Policy Statement on the Treatment of 15 Environmental Justice Matters in NRC Regulatory and Licensing Actions. Federal Register 69 16 (163):52040-52048. August 24, 2004.

17 85 FR 21282. May 18, 2020. General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds. Federal 18 Register. Fish and Wildlife Service.

19 89 FR 16037. March 6, 2024. Draft Programmatic Agreement: TMI-2SOLUTIONS, LLC; Three 20 Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit No. 2. Federal Register. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

21 CAP (TMI Community Advisory Panel) 2023 Response from Marie Louise Abram. TMI 22 Community Advisory Panel, regarding Section 106 Consultation. ADAMS ML24130A265.

23 Endangered Species Act of 1973. 16 U.S.C. Ch. 35 § 1531 et seq.

24 Exelon (Exelon Generation Company, LLC). 2019. Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 1 -

25 Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report, Revision 1. ADAMS ML19095A041.

26 FWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2024. Three Mile Island 2: List of threatened and 27 endangered species that may occur in your proposed project location or may be affected by 28 your proposed project. State College, Pennsylvania; Fish and Wildlife Service Pennsylvania 29 Ecological Services Field Office. ADAMS ML24075A006.

30 Jennings 2024. Comment on Draft Programmatic Agreement. ADAMS ML24101A256.

31

[MCDC] Missouri Census Data Center, Circular Area Profiles (CAPS). 2024. Demographic and 32 Housing Characteristics (DHC) File, 2020 Decennial Census (May 2023), Block Group data on 33 Race and Hispanic and Latino, and 2018-2022 American Community Survey (ACS), Block 34 Group data Poverty Status data (January 2024) within a 6-mile (10-kilometer) radius of TMI-2 35

7-2 (40.153889 Lat., -76.724722 Long.). Available at 1

https://mcdc.missouri.edu/applications/caps.html (Accessed March 2024).

2 National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (NEPA). 42 U.S.C. § 4321 et seq.

3 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (NHPA). 16 U.S.C. Chapter 1A, 4

Subchapter. II, § 470 et seq.

5 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 1984. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact 6

Statement Related to Decontamination and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes Resulting from 7

March 28, 1979, Accident Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2. Final Supplement Dealing 8

with Occupational Radiation Dose. NUREG-0683 Suppl. 1. ADAMS ML20106J132.

9 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 1987. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact 10 Statement Related to Decontamination and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes Resulting from 11 March 28, 1979, Accident Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2. Final Supplement Dealing 12 with Disposal of Accident Generated Water. NUREG-0683 Suppl. 2. ADAMS ML20235A112.

13 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2002. Generic Environmental Impact Statement 14 on Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities, Supplement 1: Regarding the Decommissioning of 15 Nuclear Power Reactors, Main Report - Final Report. NUREG-0586, Supplement 1, Volume 1 16 and 2, Washington, DC ADAMS Accession Nos. Supp. 1 and App. A-D; ML023470304, App. E-17 M; ML023470323, App. N - O pp 100; ML023500187, App. O pp101-end; ML023500211, App.

18 P; ML023500223.

19 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2003. Environmental Review Guidance for 20 Licensing Actions Associated with NMSS Programs. NUREG-1748. ADAMS ML032450279.

21 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2004. Three Mile Island Accident Backgrounder.

22 NRC Office of Public Affairs. Washington, DC. ADAMS ML040280573.

23 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2009. Generic Environmental Impact Statement 24 for License Renewal of Nuclear Plants; Supplement 37 Regarding Three Mile Island Nuclear 25 Station, Unit 1 Final Report. NUREG-1437, Supplement 37, Washington, DC. ADAMS 26 ML091751063.

27 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2013. Three Mile Island Nuclear Station Unit 28 2 - Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report, License: DPR-73, Docket: 50-320.

29 ADAMS ML13266A285.

30 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2016. Three Mile Island Accident of 1979 31 Knowledge Management Digest Overview. NUREG/KM-0001, Revision 1. Washington, DC.

32 ADAMS ML16166A337.

33 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2023. Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, Unit 2 -

34 Issuance of Amendment No. 67 (EPID: L-2021-LLA-0038). Washington, DC. ADAMS 35 ML23051A042.

36 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2024a. Programmatic Agreement. Washington, 37 DC. ADAMS ML24117A258.

38

7-3 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2024b. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1

Request for Concurrence with Endangered Species Act Determinations for Three Mile Island 2

Unit 2 Nuclear Station Specific Decommissioning Activities (Consultation Code: 2024-0029113) 3 ADAMS ML24120A324 4

PSA (Pennsylvania State Archives) 2023 Response from David Shoff, Chief, State Archives 5

Division, regarding Section 106 Consultation. ADAMS ML24130A269.

6 Pennsylvania SHPO (Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office). 2023. ER Project #

7 2021PR03278.009, TMI-2 Decommissioning Project, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Nuclear 8

Regulatory Commission (NRC), Conoy Township, Lancaster County. ADAMS ML23138A066.

9 PNHP (Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program). 2024. Environmental Review List.

10 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program.

11

<https://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/species.aspx> (Accessed 29 February 2024).

12 Shawnee Tribe. 2023. Email to NRC regarding Section 106 Consultation. ADAMS 13 ML23135A399.

14 TMI-2Solutions. 2021. License Amendment Request - Three Mile Island, Unit 2, 15 Decommissioning Technical Specifications. ADAMS ML21057A046.

16 TMI-2Solutions. 2022. Notification of Amended Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities 17 Report (PSDAR) for Three Mile Island, Unit 2 in Accordance with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(7), Revision 18

4. ADAMS ML22306A051.

19 TMI-2Solutions. 2023a. License Amendment Request - Three Mile Island, Unit 2, Historic and 20 Cultural Resources Review. ADAMS ML23058A064.

21 TMI-2Solutions. 2023b. License Amendment Request Three Mile Island, Unit 2, 22 Decommissioning Technical Specifications, Response to Request for Additional Information 23 Regarding Historical and Cultural Resources. ADAMS ML23025A039.

24 TMI-2Solutions. 2023c. License Amendment Request - Three Mile Island, Unit 2, Historic and 25 Cultural Resources Review, Response to Request for Additional Information. ADAMS 26 ML23121A249.

27 TMI-2Solutions. 2023d. Response to SHPO Request for Additional Information for ER Project 28

1. 2021PR03278.006, TMI-2 Decommissioning Project. ADAMS ML23192A827.

29 TMI-2Solutions. 2024a. License Amendment Request - Three Mile Island, Unit 2, Historic and 30 Cultural Resources Review, Response to Request for Additional Information. ADAMS 31 ML24044A009.

32 TMI-2Solutions. 2024b. Response to Request for Additional Information for the TMI-2 Post-33 Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report, Rev. 5. ADAMS ML24074A392.

34 TMI-2Solutions. 2024c. Notification of Amended Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities 35 Report (PSDAR) for Three Mile Island, Unit 2 in Accordance with 10 CFR 50.82(a)(7),"

36 Revision 6. ADAMS ML24088A012.

37

7-4 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2023. Public Notice. PN-23-35 NAB-2023-00151-P12 1

(York Haven Nature Like FishWay).

2

<https://www.nab.usace.army.mil/Missions/Regulatory/Public-Notices/Public-Notice-3 View/Article/3501213/pn-23-35-nab-2023-00151-p12-york-haven-nature-like-fishway/>

4 (Accessed February 2024) 5 USCB (U.S. Census Bureau). 2024. Table DP-1, Profile of General Population and Housing 6

Characteristics: 2020, 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table 1701 -

7 Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months and Table 1901 - Income in the Past 12 Months.

8 Pennsylvania and Dauphin County. Poverty Thresholds for 2022 by Size of Family and Number 9

of Related Children Under 18 Years. <https://data.census.gov/table> (Accessed March 2024) 10

A-1 APPENDIX A 1

2 CONSULTATION CORRESPONDENCE 3

This appendix contains a listing of correspondence between U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 4

Commission (NRC) and other Parties related to Section 106 of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 5

Commission (NHPA). The correspondence in this appendix can be found through the NRCs 6

Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) at 7

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. To begin a search in ADAMS, select Begin WBA 8

Search. The ADAMS accession number is provided below.

9 Table A-1 List of Correspondence 10 Addressee Affiliation ADAMS Accession 1

Emma Diehl Pennsylvania Historic Preservation Office ML23086A013 Response from Pennsylvania SHPO to the NRC ML23138A066 2

John Eddins Advisory Council on Historic Preservation ML23093A055 3

Roger Hill Tonawanda Seneca Nation, Chief ML23094A255 4

Sidney Hill Onondaga Nation, Chief ML23094A258 5

Darren Bonaparte St. Regis Mohawk Tribe, THPO ML23094A240 6

Courtney Gerzetich Oneida Nation of Wisconsin, THPO ML23094A239 7

Bryan Printup Tuscarora Nation, THPO ML23094A235 8

Carissa Speck Delaware Nation, Historic Preservation Director ML23094A236 9

Clint Halftown Cayuga Nation, Federal Representative ML23094A238 10 Susan Bachor Delaware Tribe of Indians, Preservation Representative ML23094A245 11 Tonya Tipton Shawnee Tribe, THPO ML23094A256 Response from Shawnee Tribe to the NRC ML23135A399 12 Joe Stahlman Seneca Nation of Indians, THPO ML23094A257 13 William Tarrant Seneca-Cayuga Nation, Cultural Director ML23094A260 14 Devon Frazier Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, THPO ML23094A265 15 Ray Halbritter Oneida Indian Nation, Representative ML23094A259 16 Paul Barton Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, THPO ML23094A261 17 Larry Heady Delaware Tribe of Indians, THPO ML23086C065 18 Jeffery Bendremer Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians, THPO ML23094A254 19 Steve Minnick TMI-1, Site Decommissioning Director ML23093A056 20 Steve Letavic Londonderry Township, Manager and TMI Community Advisory Panel Chairperson Response from David Shoff, Chief, State Archives Division ML23093A060 ML23216A178 ML24130A269

A-2 Addressee Affiliation ADAMS Accession Response from Marie Louise Abram. TMI Community Advisory Panel ML24130A265 21 Joanna Cain Middletown Historical Restoration Commission, President ML23093A057 ML23216A175 22 Christine Turner Historical Society of Dauphin County, Executive Director ML23093A058 ML23216A173 23 Rebecca Countess York County History Center, Chair ML23093A059 ML23216A177 24 David MorrisonHistoric Harrisburg Association, Executive Director ML23086C052 ML23216A174 ADAMS = Agencywide Documents Access and Management System; NRC = U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 1

SHPO = State Historic Preservation Office; TMI = Three Mile Island Nuclear Station; TMI-1 = Three Mile Island 2

Nuclear Station, Unit 1.

3