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CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2.0 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT 2.1-1 2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2.1-1 2.2 POPULATION AND LAND USE 2.2-1 2.2.1 GENERAL 2.2-1 2.2.2 LOCATION 2.2-1 2.2.3 PRESENT POPULATION 2.2-1 2.2.4 FUTURE POPULATION 2.2-2 2.2.5 LAND USE 2.2-3 2.2.5.1 Local Airports 2.2-3 2.2.6
SUMMARY
2.2-4 2.
2.7 REFERENCES
2.2-5 2.3 METEOROLOGY 2.3-1 2.
3.1 INTRODUCTION
2.3-1 2.3.2 PRELIMINARY DATA COLLECTION 2.3-1 2.3.2.1 Tornadoes 2.3-1 2.3.2.2 Thunderstorms 2.3-1 2.3.2.3 Freezing Precipitation 2.3-1 2.3.2.4 Tropical Storms and Hurricanes 2.3-2 2.3.2.5 Preliminary Diffusion Climatology 2.3-2 2.3.3 SPECIAL VERTICAL WIND STANDARD DEVIATION TESTS 2.3-4 2.3.3.1 General 2.3-4 2.3.3.2 Test Set 1 (October 17 to November 1, 1968) 2.3-4 2.3.3.3 Test Set 2 (February 11 through 20, 1969) 2.3-4 2.3.3.4 Conclusions 2.3-5 2.3.4 LAND-SEA WIND SPEED INVESTIGATION 2.3-5 2.3.5 THE PENETRATION ONSHORE WIND STUDY 2.3-5 2.3.6 CALCULATION OF INCIDENT AND ROUTINE LONG-TERM 2.3-6 RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS 2.3.6.1 Calculation of the Zero to Two-Hour Relative 2.3-6 Concentration 2.3.6.2 Calculation of the 2-24 Hour and 1-30 Day Average 2.3-7 Relative Concentrations 2.3.6.3 Calculation of Routine Long-Term Concentrations 2.3-7 2.3.6.4 Average Annual Concentration at the Milk Samples 2.3-8 Location 2.3.6.5 Continuing Studies 2.3-8 2.3.7 METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS 2.3-8 2.3.8 INVESTIGATION OF RELATIVE CONCENTRATION 2.3-9 FREQUENCIES USING THERMAL STABILITY PARAMETERS CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-i Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2.3.8.1 The Requirement For Additional Meteorological 2.3-9 Evaluation at Calvert Cliffs 2.3.8.2 The Weather Data for the Independent Evaluation 2.3-9 2.3.8.3 The Zero to Two-Hour Relative Concentration 2.3-10 Determined by T and Parameters 2.3.8.4 A Critique of the Data Record for the Independent 2.3-11 Evaluation 2.3.9 RECENT DATA COLLECTION 2.3-11 2.3.9.1 Strong Winds 2.3-11 2.3.9.2 Snow Storms 2.3-12 2.3.10 REFERENCES 2.3-12 2.4 GEOLOGY 2.4-1 2.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
AND
SUMMARY
2.4-1 2.4.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 2.4-1 2.4.2.1 Physiography 2.4-1 2.4.2.2 Stratigraphy 2.4-1 2.4.2.3 Structure 2.4-2 2.4.2.4 Geologic History 2.4-2 2.4.3 SITE GEOLOGY 2.4-3 2.4.3.1 General 2.4-3 2.4.3.2 Surficial Deposits 2.4-3 2.4.3.3 Subsurface Deposits 2.4-3 2.4.4 SHORE EROSION 2.4-4 2.
4.5 REFERENCES
2.4-5 2.5 HYDROLOGY 2.5-1 2.
5.1 INTRODUCTION
AND
SUMMARY
2.5-1 2.5.2 SURFACE HYDROLOGY 2.5-1 2.5.2.1 General 2.5-1 2.5.2.2 Site Conditions 2.5-2 2.5.3 GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY 2.5-3 2.5.3.1 Regional Conditions 2.5-3 2.5.3.2 Water Use 2.5-4 2.5.3.3 Site Conditions 2.5-5 2.
5.4 REFERENCES
2.5-7 2.6 SEISMOLOGY 2.6-1 2.
6.1 INTRODUCTION
AND
SUMMARY
2.6-1 2.6.2 TECTONICS 2.6-2 2.6.3 SEISMICITY 2.6-2 CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-ii Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2.6.4 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS 2.6-4 2.6.4.1 General 2.6-4 2.6.4.2 Refraction Seismic Survey 2.6-4 2.6.4.3 Uphole Seismic Velocity Survey 2.6-4 2.6.4.4 Shear Wave Measurements 2.6-5 2.6.4.5 Micromotion Measurements 2.6-5 2.6.4.6 Laboratory Shockscope Tests 2.6-5 2.6.4.7 Diesel Generator Building Siting Surveys 2.6-5 2.6.5 ASEISMIC DESIGN 2.6-6 2.6.5.1 Foundations 2.6-6 2.6.5.2 Operating Basis Earthquake (No Loss of Function) 2.6-6 2.6.5.3 Safe Shutdown Earthquake (Safe Reactor Shutdown) 2.6-6 2.6.5.4 Response Spectra 2.6-7 2.6.6 TSUNAMIS 2.6-7 2.6.7 MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE 2.6-8 2.6.8 RICHTER MAGNITUDE SCALE 2.6-8 2.
6.9 REFERENCES
2.6-8 2.7 SUBSURFACE AND FOUNDATIONS 2.7-1 2.
7.1 INTRODUCTION
2.7-1 2.7.2 EXPLORATION 2.7-1 2.7.2.1 Field Reconnaissance 2.7-1 2.7.2.2 Boring and Sampling Investigations 2.7-1 2.7.2.3 Geotechnical Investigations to Support Diesel Generator 2.7-2 Building Siting 2.7.3 SITE CONDITIONS 2.7-2 2.7.3.1 Area Geology 2.7-2 2.7.3.2 Soil Conditions 2.7-2 2.7.4 LABORATORY TESTING 2.7-3 2.7.5 STRUCTURAL DATA 2.7-3 2.7.5.1 Circulating Water Structures 2.7-4 2.7.5.2 Switchyard Structures 2.7-4 2.7.6 FOUNDATION EVALUATION 2.7-4 2.7.6.1 Site Excavation and Earthwork 2.7-4 2.7.6.2 Plant Foundations 2.7-7 2.7.6.3 Liquefaction Potential 2.7-8 2.7.6.4 Lateral Earth Pressure 2.7-8 2.
7.7 REFERENCES
2.7-9 2.8 CHESAPEAKE BAY STUDIES 2.8-1 2.8.1 USES OF THE BAY 2.8-1 CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-iii Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2.8.2 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY PROGRAM 2.8-1 2.8.3 HURRICANE TIDAL EFFECTS 2.8-2 2.8.3.1 Historic Storms and Tides 2.8-2 2.8.3.2 Tides and Storm Surges 2.8-3 2.8.3.3 Tide and Storm Surge Analysis 2.8-4 2.8.3.4 Probable Maximum Hurricane 2.8-4 2.8.3.5 Tidal Surge Computations 2.8-5 2.8.3.6 Wave Run-up at Intake Structure 2.8-8 2.8.3.7 Extreme Low Tide Considerations 2.8-10 2.
8.4 REFERENCES
2.8-11 2.9 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING 2.9-1 2.9.1 GENERAL 2.9-1 2.9.2 PREOPERATIONAL RADIATION MONITORING 2.9-1 2.9.3 OPERATIONAL RADIATION MONITORING 2.9-1 2.10 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2.10-1 2.10.1 COVE POINT LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS TERMINAL 2.10-1 2.
10.2 REFERENCES
2.10-2 CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-iv Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT LIST OF TABLES TITLE PAGE 2-1 COMMUNITIES WITHIN 30 MILES OF THE SITE WITH POPULATION 2.2-7 OF 1,000 OR GREATER 2-2 POPULATION OF COMMUNITIES NEAR THE SITE 2.2-8 2-3 ACCUMULATIVE POPULATION
SUMMARY
- 1970 2.2-9 2-4 ACCUMULATIVE POPULATION
SUMMARY
- 2010 2.2-10 2-5 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE - 1959 AND 1964 (Calvert County) 2.2-11 2-6 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE - 1959 AND 1964 (Calvert, Charles, 2.2-12 Dorchester, and St. Marys Counties) 2-7 REPRESENTATIVE AIRCRAFT DATA - PATUXENT RIVER NAVAL 2.2-13 AIR STATION 2-8 REPRESENTATIVE AIRCRAFT DATA - CHESAPEAKE RANCH 2.2-14 AIRPARK 2-9 REPRESENTATIVE AIRCRAFT DATA - ST. MARYS COUNTY 2.2-15 AIRPORT 2-10 FIRST YEAR ONSITE METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND 2.3-13 INSTRUMENTATION CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 2-11 RESULTS OF 256 SIMULTANEOUS ONSHORE WINDS IN RAFT 2.3-14 STUDY AS COMPARED TO CLASSICAL PASQUILL INVERSION CLASS VALUES 2-12 ONSITE METEOROLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTATION 2.3-15 CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 2-13 CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION, PERCENT OF TOTAL 2.3-17 OBSERVATIONS, FOR ON/ALONG-SHORE INVERSION WINDS 2-14 LOW-FREQUENCY /Q VALUES FOR ON-ALONG SHORE 2.3-18 INVERSION WINDS AT CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR STATION 2-15 THE FREQUENCY OF CONCURRENTLY OBSERVED DT VALUES 2.3-19 FROM THE 50-12 FT AND 97-12 FT LEVELS ABOVE GRADE 2-30 CALENDAR OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA AT STATION 2 FROM 2.3-20 NOVEMBER 1969 THROUGH OCTOBER OF 1971 2-31 AVERAGE MONTHLY DISCHARGE AT GAUGING STATION ON ST. 2.5-8 LEONARD CREEK (1958-64) 2-32 GEOLOGIC UNITS IN CALVERT COUNTY 2.5-9 2-33 PUBLIC SUPPLY WELLS IN CALVERT COUNTY (1967) 2.5-11 2-34 KNOWN WATER WELLS, VICINITY OF SITE 2.5-12 2-35 LABORATORY PERMEABILITY TESTS 2.5-13 2-36 CATION EXCHANGE AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSES 2.5-14 2-37 SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKES WITHIN 100 MILES OF THE SITE 2.6-10 2-38 GEOPHYSICAL DATA 2.6-11 2-39 SHOCKSCOPE TEST DATA 2.6-12 2-40 MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY (DAMAGE) SCALE OF 1931 2.6-13 (Abridged)
CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-v Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT LIST OF TABLES TITLE PAGE 2-41 BASIC INFORMATION FOR CONSTRUCTING PMH ISOVEL 2.8-13 PATTERN 2-42 ANGLES MEASURED FROM LINE OF FORWARD MOTION (USED 2.8-14 FOR CONSTRUCTING ISOVEL PATTERN) 2-43 BASIC DATA - PMH - FETCH 2.8-15 2-44 PMH SURGE COMPUTATION - OCEAN TO BAY ENTRANCE 2.8-16 2-45 BAY SETUP COMPUTATIONS AT PLANT SITE 2.8-17 2-46 WAVE RUN-UP AT INTAKE STRUCTURE 2.8-18 2.47 DELETED CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-vi Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.2-1 REGIONAL MAP 2.2-2 SITE VICINITY MAP 2.2-3 REGIONAL MAP, SHOWING PRESENT AND FUTURE POPULATION DENSITY 0-50 MILES 2.2-4 SITE VICINITY MAP, SHOWING PRESENT AND FUTURE POPULATION DENSITY 0-10 MILES 2.2-5 REGIONAL MAP, SHOWING PRESENT AND FUTURE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 0-50 MILES 2.2-6 SITE VICINITY MAP, SHOWING PRESENT AND FUTURE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 0-10 MILES 2.2-7 AIRPORTS IN THE VICINITY OF CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 2.2-13 LOW POPULATION ZONE 2.3-1 METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION LOCATIONS 2.3-2 METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION LOCATION/ELEVATION MAP 2.3-3 RELATIVE CONCENTRATION AS A FUNCTION OF DISTANCE FROM RELEASE POINT 2.3-4 AVERAGE ANNUAL VENTING RELATIVE CONCENTRATION 2.3-5 A COMPARISON OF 12-50 FEET ABOVE GRADE DT VALUES WITH THOSE BETWEEN 12-97 FEET 2.3-6 CONCURRENT OBSERVATIONS OF VERTICAL THERMAL GRADIENTS AT THE 50-12 FOOT AND THE 97-30 FOOT LEVELS ABOVE GRADE 2.3-7 FREQUENCIES OF ON-SHORE RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS ASSUMING AN INVARIANT CENTERLINE WIND 2.3-8 DATA CALENDAR, FINAL ANNUAL RECORD 2.3-9 DATA CALENDAR, NOVEMBER 1970 THROUGH OCTOBER 1971 2.3-10 sh 1 WIND FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION (Tables 2-16 through 2-29) 2.3-10 sh 2 (Sheets 1 through 28) 2.3-10 sh 3 2.3-10 sh 4 2.3-10 sh 5 2.3-10 sh 6 2.3-10 sh 7 2.3-10 sh 8 2.3-10 sh 9 2.3-10 sh 10 2.3-10 sh 11 2.3-10 sh 12 2.3-10 sh 13 2.3-10 sh 14 2.3-10 sh 15 2.3-10 sh 16 2.3-10 sh 17 2.3-10 sh 18 CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-vii Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.3-10 sh 19 2.3-10 sh 20 2.3-10 sh 21 2.3-10 sh 22 2.3-10 sh 23 2.3-10 sh 24 2.3-10 sh 25 2.3-10 sh 26 2.3-10 sh 27 2.3-10 sh 28 2.4-1 REGIONAL PHYSIOGRAPHIC MAP 2.4-2 REGIONAL GEOLOGIC MAP 2.4-3 REGIONAL GEOLOGIC SECTION - COASTAL PLAIN 2.4-4 GEOLOGIC COLUMNAR SECTION - SITE AREA 2.4-5 REGIONAL TECTONIC MAP 2.4-6 SITE GEOLOGIC MAP 2.4-7 PLOT PLAN 2.4-8 SOIL SAMPLER TYPE U FOR SOILS DIFFICULT TO RETAIN IN SAMPLER U.S. PATENT NO. 2,318,062 2.4-9A LOG OF BORING 2.4-9B 2.4-9C 2.4-9D 2.4-9E 2.4-9F 2.4-9G 2.4-9H 2.4-9I 2.4-9J 2.4-10A GEOLOGIC SECTION A-A 2.4-10B GEOLOGIC SECTION B-B 2.4-10C GEOLOGIC SECTION C-C 2.4-11 SCHEMATIC CLIFF SECTION - PLANT AREA 2.4-12 CLIFF FACE PHOTOGRAPH - PLANT SITE VICINITY 2.4-13 SHORELINE CHANGES 2.5-1 MAP OF AREA, SHOWING SURFACE HYDROLOGY 2.5-2 PIEZOMETRIC SURFACES IN CALVERT COUNTY 2.5-3 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN CALVERT COUNTY 2.5-4 MAP OF AREA, SHOWING KNOWN WATER WELLS 2.5-5A PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSES 2.5-5B PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSES 2.6-1 COLUMNAR SECTION, SHOWING GEOPHYSICAL DATA CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-viii Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.6-2 EPICENTRAL LOCATION MAP 2.6-3 UPHOLE SEISMIC SURVEY 2.6-4 RESPONSE SPECTRA - OPERATING BASIS EARTHQUAKE 2.6-5 RESPONSE SPECTRA - DESIGN BASIS EARTHQUAKE 2.7-1 BORING PLOT PLAN 2.7-2 OFFSHORE BORING LOCATIONS 2.7-3 OFFSHORE BORINGS 2.7-4 GRAPHIC BORING LOGS, BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC 2.7-5 COMPANY, CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 2.7-6 SUPPLEMENTARY SITE BORINGS 2.7-7 2.7-8 2.7-9 2.7-10 2.7-11 2.7-12 2.7-13 2.7-14 2.7-15 2.7-16 2.7-17 2.7-18 2.7-19 2.7-20 2.7-21 2.7-22 2.7-23 OFF-SHORE GRAPHIC BORING LOGS (Sheet 1) 2.7-24 OFF-SHORE GRAPHIC BORING LOGS (Sheet 2) 2.7-25 OFF-SHORE GRAPHIC BORING LOGS (Sheet 3) 2.7-26 OFF-SHORE GRAPHIC BORING LOGS (Sheet 4) 2.7-27 GENERALIZED SOIL PROFILES (Sheet 1) 2.7-28 GENERALIZED SOIL PROFILES (Sheet 2) 2.7-29 DREDGING PLAN FOR INTAKE & DISCHARGE 2.7-30 SLOPE CROSS-SECTIONS AT PLANT 2.8-1 GENERALIZED TIME FREQUENCY CURVE 2.8-2 P.M.H. PATH 2.8-3 CALVERT CLIFFS - CHESAPEAKE BAY PROBABLE MAXIMUM HURRICANE PARAMETERS 2.8-4 ISOVEL PATTERN 2.8-5 P.M.H. - PEAK OCEAN TIDE; BASIC DATA 2.8-6 OFFSHORE DEPTH PROFILE 2.8-7 WIND DIRECTION FOR FETCH CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-ix Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.8-8 BOTTOM PROFILE CHESAPEAKE BAY 2.8-9 MODEL TEST RESULTS - WAVE RUNUP AT INTAKE STRUCTURE 2.9-1 DELETED CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-x Rev. 51
CHAPTER 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT LIST OF ACRONYMS AEC Atomic Energy Commission ANA Annapolis, MD ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials BGE Baltimore Gas and Electric Company CCNPP Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant DCA Washington National Airport ESSA Environmental Science Services Administration LNG Liquified Natural Gas MLW Mean Low Water MRI Meteorology Research, Inc.
MSL Mean Sea Level NATC Naval Air Test Center NHK NHT Normal High Tide NPDES National Pollution Discharge Elimination System NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission OBE Operating Basis Earthquake PAX Patuxent PMH Probable Maximum Hurricane PPSP PSAR Preliminary Safety Analysis Report RIC Byrd Field, Richmond SSE Safe Shutdown Earthquake STUB YMCA Young Men's Christian Association CALVERT CLIFFS UFSAR 2-xi Rev. 51