ML20237D888
| ML20237D888 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 05000604 |
| Issue date: | 11/01/1987 |
| From: | ALL CHEMICAL ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT, INC. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20237D881 | List: |
| References | |
| 28811, NUDOCS 8712280008 | |
| Download: ML20237D888 (89) | |
Text
-
56-40f
- r s c 9 9 RECEIVED M
DEC ;
Q}"'5'*ctA cg tmss 11987)hl s$Sa'ri"*"A l ~hcc i t O i n3 f '~
f a eh e sLL CHEMICAL ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT,.INC. m a FACILITY 2 - OLIVER SPRINGS e ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
,D Docxtrto O 9 ~~ q
} DEC 11gg7 y f
) MAIL SfCTl0N I' DOCKET CllRX c 5, ,. s "
Prepared for: ',
All Chemical Isotope Enrichment, Inc.
Pine Ridge Office Park 702 South Illinois Avenue Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 l
l l
Prepared by. ;
Engineering, Design and Geosciences Group, Inc. !
725 Pellissippi Parkway i P.O. Box 23010 -
Knoxville, TN 37933-1010 November 1, 1987 g k=="J a t f %
99M A The EDGE Group
TABLE OF CONTENTS O PAGE LIST OF ACR0NYMS................................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES.................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES................................................... v
- 1.
SUMMARY
.................................................... 1-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
.......................................... 1-l'
1.2 DESCRIPTION
OF THE ALCHEMIE FACILITY 2 AT OLIVER SPRINGS, TENNESSEE............................ 1-2 1.3 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTI0N...............................................1-2 1.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT.................................. 1-2 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES............................ 1-3 1.6 UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES........ 1-4 1.7 IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENTS OF RES0VRCES.............................. 1-4 1.8 RELATIONSHIP 0F LAND-USE PLANS, POLICIES, AND CONTR0LS.......................................... 1-4 1.9 RELATIONSHIP 0F SHORT-TERM USES OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 1.10 TRADE-0FF ANALYSIS.................................... 1-5 O
\- / 2. DESCRIPTION OF ALCHEMIE FACILITY 2 AT OLIVER SPRINGS....... 2-1 2.1 PURPOSE AND NEED...................................... 2-1
2.2 DESCRIPTION
OF THE OLIVER SPRINGS OPERATIONS.......... 2-1 2.3 POWER-GENERATING FACILITIES........................... 2-6 2.4 REGULATORY STATUS..................................... 2-6 2.5 TANGIBLE BENEFITS..................................... 2-7 2.6 KNOWN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7' ,
- 3. A LT E RNAT I V E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 1 3.1 PROPOSED ACTI0N....................................... 3-1 3.2 INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE CPDF......................... 3-1 3.3 NOACTI0N.............................................3-1
- 4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT....................................... 4-1 4.1 L AN D U S E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.2 SITE T0P0 GRAPHY, S0ILS, GE0 LOGY, AND HYDROLOGY........ 4-9 4.3 REGIONAL HYDR 0 LOGY....................................
4-13 4.4 METEOROLOGY........................................... 4 4.5 EC0 LOGY............................................... 4-23 4.6 CULTURAL RESOURCES.................................... 4-24 j 4.7 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27 4.8 D EM0 G R A P H Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
,,) 4.9 SOCI0 ECONOMICS........................................ 4-31 i
/' TABLE'0F' CONTENTS - cont'd PAGE
- 5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES................................. 5-1 5.1 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT..................................... 5-1.
5.2 EC0 LOGICAL ENVIRONMENT................................ 5-1 5.3 P0TENTIAL ACCIDENTS................................... 5-1
- 6. UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS.................. 6-1
- 7. IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENTS OF RES0VRCES..................................................7-1
- 8. RELATIONSHIP OF LAND USE. PLANS, POLICIES, A N D CO NTR0 L S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 1
- 9. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHORT-TERM USES OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY................................. 9-1
- 10. TRAD E-0 F F AN AL Y S I S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10- 1 .
- 11. LIST OF PREPARERS.......................................... 11-l'
- 12. REFERENCES CITED........................................... 12-1 l
APPENDICES 1
9
'ii
~,.
4 I
-. LIST OF ACRONYMS l AlChemIE All Chemical Isotope Enrichment, Inc. '
l BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics CPDF Centrifuge Plant Demonstration Facility DOE U.S. Department of Energy EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency GCEP Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plant 4 I-40 U.S. Interstate 40 i
K-25 Oak Ridge K-25 Plant l MMES Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.
MSL mean sea level NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPDES National Pollution Discharge Elimination System ORGDP Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORR Oak Ridge Reservation PCM Poplar Creek mile j PSAR Preliminary Safety Analysis. Report PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration TDAPC Tennessee Division of Air Pollution Control ,
TDHE Tennessee Department of Health and Environment I TSP total suspended particulate TVA Tennessee Valley Authority Y-12 Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant 1
1 I
iii i
)
l i
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE l 2.1.1. - P1 centri fuge schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 4.1.1. General location of the A1ChemIE Facility 2 -
Ol i ve r S p ri n g s s i te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 '4.1.2. The Oak Ridge Reservation Wildlife Management Area..............................................4-5 )
~
4.1.3. Major transmission'line carridors near A1ChemIE.
Facility 2 - Oliver Springs ........................- 4-8 4.2.1. General site geologic map .......................... 4-11 l
4.4.1. Annual precipitation-history of Oak Ridge, J
Tennessee ( 1948-1985) ............................. 4-21' 4.4.2. 1985 annual wind . rose at 10 meters (33 ft)-level a t meteorological tower a t ORGDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22 l -4.4.3. 1985 annual wind rose at 60 meters (197 ft) level j at meteorological tower at ORGDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 i i
1 l
4 9
9 iv T
I
LIST OF TABLES (l
t/ TABLE PAGE 2.1.1. Feedstock elements and compounds to be processed and their respective isotope product .................... 2-2 4.1.1. Schools within a 16 kilometer radius of AlChemIE Facili ty 2 - Ol iver Sp ri ngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 4.3.1. Water quality data from Poplar Creek mile (PMC) 13.8, May 1984 ...................................:.. 4-15 4.3.2. 1984 sediment characterization data for Poplar Creek near Popl a r Creek Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 4.4.1. Monthly climatic summary for the Oak Ridge area ba sed on a 20-yea r period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19 1
4.5.1. Analyses of fish samples for priority pollutant metals and Tc-99, PCM 13.8, 1984 .................... 4-25 4.8.1. Population of central East Tennessee towns . .... . . . .. 4-29 4.8.2. 1980 population and 1990 estimated population for 4 the five county area surrounding AlChemIE Facili ty 2 - Ol i ver Spri ngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30 V 4.9.1. Employment and labor force data by county compared with Tennessee and the United States in April 1987 .. 4-32 j 4.9.2. Labor force and distribution in major economic I sectors for the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs area, 1983 .................................. 4-32 4.9.3. Occupations of the employed labor force ir? the '.
AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs area, 1980 ..... 4-33 4.9.4. Personal income for the AlChemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs five county area and the State of Tennessee ........................................... 4-35 5.3.1. Important characteristics of marketable isotopes .... 5-2
[
%,}
f y
O 1.
SUMMARY
U
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The All Chemical Isotope Enrichment, Inc. (A1ChemIE) project began in November 1984 with the recognition by Dr. A. Andrew Carey that centrifuge machines which were originally created and designed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) solely for the enrichment of uranium could be used to enrich in quantity a variety of other elements.
In June 1985 the DOE discontinued the three billion dollar centrifuge program and by late 1985 and early 1986 excess centrifuge machines were being destroyed due to their classified technology. In March 1986 the DOE recognized alternative uses for the centrifuge machines and through the Federal Register sought statements of interest from the private sector for use of the centrifuge machines and technology.
Based upon the knowledge of Dr. A. Andrew Carey and the decision by the DOE to seek private sector interest, AlChemIE conducted a private sector market analysis to determine the demand for enriched non-radioactive isotopes. Results of this investigation indicated that a substantial private sector
- g. market existed for enriched non-radioactive isotopes with i additional markets possible. Private sector markets C) immediately identified included medical imaging and diagnostic needs, scientific research, the lighting industry, consumer products, defense, and solid state electronics.
The original Centrifuge Plant Demonstration Facility (CPDF) was located at the DOE K-25 Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. It was an essential part of the continuing development of centrifuge technology that allowed integration of centrifuge, machines into a process and enrichment plant design.
The CPDF was placed in service in November 1982 to provide facilities for testing and ccntinuing development of a unit cascade in direct support of the commercial Gas Centrifuge EnrichmentPlant(GCEP)locatedatPortsmouth, Ohio. The basic cascade-oriented equipment, feed, and auxiliary and support equipment were tested in an operating configuration that represents, to the extent possible, GCEP arrangement and operating conditions. The objective was to demonstrate procedures for production cascade installation, start-up,
- operation, and maintenance and to provide proof of overall system design and construction concepts. The CPDF was placed :
in standby status in November 1984.
J In 1986, AlchemIE initiated plans to place CPDF back into q operation. As those plans were being developed and market b analysis continued, it became evident that additional !
1-1 !
. _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ ____m
i i
facilities were warranted. Since CPDF cuuld not handle O(,/ additional machines or operations, plans were developed to establish the AlChemIE Facility 2 at Oliver Springs, Tennessee.
1.2 DESCRIPTION
OF THE ALCHEMIE FACILITY 2 AT OLIVER SPRINGS, TENNESSEE The Oliver Springs facility will be located within a 247 ha (100 ac) industrial park site, the Andy Justice Industrial Park, being developed by the City of Oliver Springs. The physical plant will comprise approximately 42,000 sq ft and will house administrative and production facilities.
Approximately 120 gas centrifuge machines will be located at !
the Oliver Springs location at start-up of the facility. Fuli operational capacity is estimated at 600 machines. The plant site is located within the corporate limits of the City of Oliver Springs, in Anderson County, Tennessee.
The only thoroughfare providing access to the plant site is j via a secondary access road leading from Tennessee Highway 62. i The entire site will be fenced to provide limited access to i the casual visitor with access to the facility monitored via a visitor control point lacated within the main office building.
Overall support services for che AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver i Springs site include electric p;,wer, water, sanitary sewage, I l
(
V) and waste disposal services. These services will be provided by public utilities and private contractors.
1.3 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION The proposed action is the operation of the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs for the production of nonradioactive, stable isotopes. This action will result in increased '
employment opportunities in the private sector and provide increased tax revenues for local and state governments.
Two alternatives to the proposed action are: 1)increasingthe size of the CPDF facility at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (0RGDP)and2)noaction. The proposed action was determined to be preferable to Alternative 1 due to the lack of currently available land near CDPF for expansion.
Alternative 2 (no action) would result in no increase in employment opportunities for the private sector and result in ~
the non-usage of the available technology and resultant I
marketable products.
1.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT The AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs site is located in
!q,1 Anderson County, Tennessee. Approximately 20% of the area is farmland, with the remaining percentag. being wooded. The i
1-2 u.______.______ _
.g
A climate is classified as a humid subtropical with a yearly .
Q average temperature of 14.4'C (57.9 F). The average monthly temperature varies from 5 C (41 F) in the winter to 27 C (80.6 F) in the summer. Rainfall annually averages about 150 cm (59.1 in.). .The weather is clear 30% of the time, partly cloudy 25%, and cloudy 45%. Winds are primarily bimodal in nature, consisting of prevailing up-valley (SW) and down-valley (NE) movement.
The elevation along Poplar Creek is about 233 m (775.ft) above mean sea level (MSL) with a maximum relief of 128 m (425 ft) to the ridge crests southeast of the site. The waters are moderately hard, well buffered, and slightly alkaline.
The principle stratigraphic unit underlying the site is the Conasauga Shale. In this terrain, the Conasauga has not been divided into the six formations that characterize its central phase. However, field mapping of the area in 1963 by C. F.
Mann identified the Maynardville limestone, one of the six formations that make up the Conasauga Group's central- phase.
The site lies within 1000.ft of the trace of the Kingston fault and is located in the axial region of a syncline. Soil' depths on this site have not been determined but probably range from 0 to 30 ft. '
A wide variety of wildlife exists in the area surrounding the Oliver Springs site. White-tailed deer, cottontail rabbits, eastern gray squirrels, opossums, woodchucks, skunks, raccoons, red foxes, and other small mammals are common to the a rea . No hunting is allowed within the city limits. Several species of fish have been identified in Poplar Creek. Fish collected in the lower portions of Poplar Creek consist of about 32% game fish, 23% rough fish, and 45% forage fish, with the gizzard shad being the most common species.
1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES Environmental consequences from the operation of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs are expected to be minimal and commensurate with other industrial, commercial, and residential activities within the'immediate area. The primary consequence is the conversion of the site from pasture, woodlots, and wildlife habitat to paved and concreted areas, with buildings and maintained lawns. No off-site environmental disturbance will occur due to construction activities. Operational activities will result in' minimal environmental impacts through the use of existing control and ~ ~
treatment facilities.
Existing environmental consequences to the area ' adjacent to AlchemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will be.the result of p long-term development in both the public and private sector
( due to this facility's proximity to a major highway and the cities of Oliver Springs and Oak Ridge.
1-3 m_ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ . _
The analysis of effects of potential accidents at AlChemIE
( Facility 2 - Oliver Springs, assuming a worst case scenario where the entire contents of a 150 kg (331 lb) cylinder of Hg(CH,)7 is instantly released to the atmosphere, indicates that UnTy individuals directly involved in the accident and at the accident site could receive lethal concentrations.
1.6 UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES Unavoidable adverse environmental impacts of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs operations are primarily a function of the conversion of the existing site into.an industrial park setting.
Waste generated by the operation'will be placed in existing and permitted classified, hazardous, sanitary, and low level radioactive waste disposal sites.
1.7 IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENTS-0F RESOURCES Some of the resources committed to the operation of AlchemIE .
Facility 2 - Oliver Springs are irretrievable. These include gasoline and other fuels used primarily for transportation, fluorocarbon coolants that escape to the atmosphere, and chemicals used in water treatment. Materials contaminated
. with radioactivity that cannot he decontaminated are irreversibly committed. The electric power used to operate N the plant and the human labor are irretrievable.
1.8 RELATIONSHIP OF LAND-USE PLANS, POLICIES, AND CONTROLS The operation of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs does not-conflict with local, state, or. federal land-use plans and policies. Air and water pollutant discharges are regulated by various permits and must be in compliance with stated - ,
standards. Any incidents'of noncompliance are to.be report'ed and corrected. Operation of the facility is compatible with the intended use of the industrial park.
1.9 RELATIONSHIP 0F SHORT-TERM USES OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY The short-term use of the AlchemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs is to supply enriched, stable isotopes for use in research and numerous industrial, medical, and consumer products. 'The length of operation will be dependent upon economic ~
. considerations and consumer demands. The anticipated life of the operation is 40 years.
The operation of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver. Springs will result in local effects through impacts on existing land use.
However, these effects are short-term and are offset by the 1-4
positive economic benefits to'the-employees and su'rrounding.
' communities. ' Long-term productivity should not be-impaired' since ultimate decommissioning of the plant could restore most of the-environment to. its original condition.:
1.10 TRADE-0FF ANALYSIS The major effects associated with the operation of AlchemIE..
Facility 2 - Oliver Springs are environmental whereas .the'-
major benefits are socioeconomic. _The primary environmental
-impacts will be the result of the construction of new
. facilities. The minimization of impacts from new construction activities will- be accomplished. through state-of-the-art mitigation practices.
l LO O
'l i
^
i
- 2. DESCRIPTION OF ALCHEMIE FACILITY 2 AT OLIVER SPRINGS 2.1 PURPOSE AND NEED The AlChemIE project began in November 1984 with the recognition by Dr. A. Andrew Carey that centrifuge machines which were originally created and designed by the DOE solely for the enrichment of uranium could be used to enrich in quantity a variety of other elements.
In June 1985 the DOE discontinued the three billion dollar centrifuge program and by late 1985 and early 1986 excess centrifuge machines were being destroyed due to their classified technology. In March 1986 the DOE recognized alternative uses for the centrifuge machines and through the Federal Register sought statemants of interesc from the private sector for use of the centrifuge machines and technology.
. Based upon the knowledge of Dr. A. Andrew Carey and the decision by the DOE to seek private sector interest, AlchemIE conducted a private sector market analysis to determine the demand for enriched, non-radioactive isotopes. Results of this investigation indicated that a substantial private sector market existed for enriched, non-radioactive isotopes, with additional markets possible. Private sector markets immediately identified included medical imaging and diagnostic needs, research needs, the lighting industry, consumer products, defense, and solid state electronics.
Conventional methods of enrichment such as calutron, thermal '
diffusion, gaseous diffusion, and cyclotrons are either too inefficient or incapable of producing kilogram quantities of enriched, non-uranium isotopes on a cost efficient and continuing basis. In comparison, the centrifuge technology can efficiently manufacture kilogram quantities of many non-uranium, non-fissile isotopes on a cost efficient and continuing basis.
l
2.2 DESCRIPTION
OF THE OLIVER SPRINGS OPERATIONS The A1ChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will include offices and processing facilities as well as material storage areas.
The overall facility will be similar to the CPDF, which was originally constructed by the DOE on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) to demonstrate the viability of gas centrifugation for '
uranium enrichment.
The A1ChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will produce stable
. isotopes enriched in the minor isotope species. The isotopes of major interest include xenon, krypton, argon, sulfur, mercury, chlorine, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, cadmium, boron, O and molybdenum. However, many of the specific compounds to be processed are listed in Table 2.1.1.
2-1
's .
p Table 2.1.1. Feedstock elements and compounds to be processed and their respective isotope product V
Feedstock Isotope 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86 Kr Kr 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136 Xe Xe 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 130 Te TeF 6
19 , 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204 Hg(CH3 )2 H9 32, 33, 34, 36 SF S 6
35, 37 CF C1 C1 3
36, 38, 40 Ar Ar 64, 66, 67, 68, 70 Zn Zn(CH3 )2 13 CF C 4
N N 2
0 N' U CO2 ( r PF30)
II BF B 3
28, 29, 30 SiF 3j 4 ,
50, 52, 53, 54 Cr022 F Cr 54, 56, 57, 58 Fe Fe(CO)5 .
58, 60, 61, 62, 64 Ni Ni(CO)4 ge 70, 72, 73, 74, 76 GeF '
4 74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82 SeF Se 6
79, 81 CF Br Br 3
180, 182, 183, 184, 186 WF W 6
ye 20, 21, 22 Ne 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 TiCl 4 Ti y 50, 51 VF 5
Ga 09' II Ga(CH 3 )3 2-2
I i
Table 2.1.1.
(continued)
'(u '
3
- }
i
'[
Feedstock Isotope ,
> o , .r -; [f . 9) it i
MoF M0 6
99, 100, 101, 102, 104 ,,
Ru Ru(CO)4 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116 Cd Cd(CH 3 )2 In(CH3 )3 I"
,I 112, 114, 115, 116, 11/ 118, 119, 120, 127..;124 SnH Sn 4
121, 123 'i SbH Sb 3
OsF 6 Os # ' E ' # ' M ' M ' N o f IrF6 IP l9l' l9? .
~<
190, 192, 19 , 195 Pt ,
Pt(PCH3 )3 ,
M' N <'
( TI(CH)3 3
Tl ,. 3 204, 206, 207, 200 C >
Pb Pb(CH 3 )4 TaF Tis
- ' E i (I s 5
e ReF Re ,
6 - '( 4I
}. l , d
, .' ef
(,, ,
s, 6
,[ [
r: ) kg s
,, ' o . a/r ' )s.
s s 2
/, ,
f s y r ? . 1' ,
,, i /
l "
. n l
?[ ,
i t
t
). 3 9
z p s, j
-s- A
.4 l ) '} _
1 ... . ,
' ', 1,- - ; }
. ;/. .
L'
')
, i
/ l fa '
GI lJ l ;, , }'l- '
if ) .\
, , i, el I h 'f k 2-3
?,/ l'. l 8
\>) j L. ___ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _
? , y
'; ~v '/ .
T:
Qh, '<
yy n L
- 6,/ '
- f-c, (/ ,. , .
~)
1
's, .
s T- !
J \
AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Spring: will utilize-O
- countercurrent flow gas centrifuges to perfona the' Isotope separation. Centrifuges n'pc/4tn materials by.taking ddvantage of the cass differences between two isotopes ort chemical species. Because of the h1gh spaeds necessary to effect the required separation of tdMsotopes having fairly cla m passes, the gas centrifuges operate in a vacuum. The gas % .e.re collected via scoops positioned at different , p
, distances relative to the wall of the centrifuge rotor. ,
! Countercurrent fhig is irduced by the stationary bottom scoop
, and is enhanced by'an axial temperature gradient which is .
established by maintaining an axial temperature profile on the l . exterior of the vacuum casing and a reflective radiative heat transfer shield between the casing and the rotor.
I As shown in. Figure 2.,1.1, process gas is introduced into the centrifugs 'near the axial center of the machine and Withdrawn at either end. The product, or stream enhanced in the, desired '
isotope specie, is withdrawn via a product scoop located nc+r -
the top of the machine. The tails, or stream depleted in the :5
. desired isotope specie, are withdrawn by the stationary bottom
~
SUJ0p.
S Me feed gas is vaporized by hetting feed 96s cylinders with hu ' air or beating blankets. 16 is fed at subatmospheric pressures to the centrifuge. tha product and tails streams 4 O are withdrawn at subatmospheric pressuret minto. cold traps where they are condesui inta solids. .Theipmduct ans tails are then transferred under vacuum to_ uippinycylinders by hectimj the cold traps criccoHng the shipptrg cylinders.
g
'The centrifuge process 16 supported by system!, to 6tablish and maintain the process under vacuum. Additionally, plant y support utilities include electricity, steam, and compressed air. t ;'
s l
l l
l i
l
.9 3r
,9 t s
]
2-4
% 1
_W'
( ~
3 x 'w UPPM SugDVgay
&- &- Assway
], g m .a-
~
'E' l l'-
- n PROWS $ UNE. <
cavncras 1 j # ^(' / ~ uPPm scoaa l-tt I4 r
,?. N.
ASSway Mu CAS'NC .
A
-g' '
%L'W SSWK Y 5: ~
si s .~ .
l CGUMV E' ASSW M y M -n ,i,r fZlD PQ97 G Tll%:%%z/
u,ei
?
i onugav PuuP
~; . ,
\
m ,
\
VACULy ~
CAUG '
( :
- I I
~4 ts :
'\,
LCMG SC000
/;
f
\
is '
\T /N!
r e n a, p s .
io n n e no m ion snagQv muar _\ \
L I U uy
'4 9"re 2 1 1.
O et ce t<4+eee crem.14c 2.,
z o
7 2.3 POWER-GENERATING FACILITIES (G Electrical ener Authority (TVA)gy will be supplied by the Tennessee Valleyutilizing gas turbine units), hydro units, nuclear uaits, and a pump storage unit. The TVA system functions as a single unit; therefore, no specific generating plant (s) can b> considered as being dedicated to the A1ChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs. AlchemIE will contract directly with the TVA for a guaranteed quantity of electrical energy.
The initial operational phase is expected to require a consumption of 400 kw/ day. At full operations, that figure is anticipated to increase to 2000 kw/ day. This level of consumption is well below the existing capabilities of the TVA.
Transmission lines, towers and corridors, substations, and control and maintenance measurers are in place and active through the TVA and the City of Oliver Springs.
2.4 REGULATORY STATUS The AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs operation will meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Tennessee Department of Health and Environment (TDHE) statutory c\ requirements by acquiring new permits, where necessary. Only (d those waste streams and emission sources specific to the AlChemIE operation will be monitored for compliance with the appropriate permit requirements.
A1ChemIE will coordinate with the TDHE for the required National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits (Appendix A). A permit application with TDHE will be filed by A1ChemIE for the discharge of stormwater from surface runoff at the site. The necessary permit applications for the discharge of wastewater and sanitary sewage will be coordinated with TDHE and the City of Oliver Springs.
AlChemIE will enter into an agreement with a private contractor for the transportation and disposal of solid waste in a privately permitted landfill, as per the requirements of TDHE.
Additionally, due to the classified technology and contamination of the centrifuge machines, A1ChemIE will seek ~
an agreement with the DOE for disposal of discontinued centrifuge machines and support equipment (Appendix B).
AlChemIE will comply with the TDHE requirements for hazardous waste generated by small quantity generators.
p All appropriate federal, state, and local business licenses V will be obtained prior to operation of AlchemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs.
2-6
2.5 TANGIBLE BENEFITS Operating of A1ChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will result in the creation of 50 management and skilled labor positions.
The production of nori-uranium, non-fissile isotopes on.a regular schedule and at guaranteed volumes will stimulate 'a greater market utilization and may lead to increased research efforts.
2.6 KNOWN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES There are no known environmental issues. associated with the operation of'A1ChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs'for.the production of non-uranium, non-fissile isotopes. .There are-no recorded occurrences of any -threatened, ~ endangered, or, otherwise rare species of plants or animals in the immediate '
vicinityofthefacilitylocation(AppendixC).
O I
I j
O ,
l 2-7 {
~!
l.
% .)
- 3. ALTERNATIVES Alternatives evaluated by this report include: 1) construction-of a new facility for the production of non-uranium, non-fissile isotopes; 2) increasing the size of the A1ChemIE Facility 1 - CPDF; and 3) the no-action alternative.
3.1 PROPOSED ACTION The proposed action is the' construction of a new facility for the production of non-uranium, non-fissile isotopes at Oliver Springs, Tennessee.
Centrifuge machines and. support equipment at the Portsmouth !
(Ohio) GCEP have been deactivated and the facilities there dedicated to other endeavors. 'This equipment can now be used for- additional production of non-uranium, non-fissile isotopes for markets in the private sector. Initial production will take place in AlChemIE Facility 1 - CPDF where equipment is in' place and requires only minor maintenance'and reconditioning.
Operation of the second facility will supplement that of A1ChemIE Facility 1 - CPDF in meeting market demands.
Machinery at the GCEP will be obtained and transported to the new facility at Oliver Springs.
The Andy Justice Industrial Park in Oliver Springs was selected
, as the site for the new facility after considering other possibilities. A primary concern was that the two facilities be located near each other to allow certain employees the flexibility of working at either location as the need should arise. Other industrial parks in the region that were considered as the site for the AlChemIE Facility 2 were rejected because they were basically in the incipient construction phases and/or had inadequate utilities or roadways.
3.2 INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE CPDF ,
Increasing the size of CPDF rather than building a second facility is not a viable alternative at the present time.
Such an increase has not been addressed during negotiations with DOE nor is there currently available land near CPDF appropriate for expansion to the necessary production capacity, s
3.3 N0 ACTION ,
The no-action alternative wauld result in the centrifuges .
either being unused indefinii.ely or being destroyed by D0E.
3-1 j
This alternative has several negative effects. The Oliver
(~
-( Springs community would suffer a negative socioeconomic impact with respect to employment. The technology of the centrifuge equipment would not be utilized in a productive and worthwhile-manner nor would non-uranium, non-fissile isotopes be as readily available to the private sector. Moreover, the general public would have to pay the continued government cost associated with maintenance of the GCEP at Portsmouth and j potential destruction of the machinery.
The no-action alternative was judged to be unacceptable to the AlChemIE program at the present time.
OV O !
3-2 j l
Q 4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT V 4.1 LAND USE Regional land use around the site of AlChemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs includes agricultural, industrial, residential, and recreational uses. The AlChemlE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs is located in east central Tennessee, in the western portion of Anderson County. The facility will be located in the 247 ha (100 ac) Andy Justice Industrial Park in the City of Oliver Springs (Fig. 4.1.1).
Agricultural Land Use. Eastern Tennessee has followed a national trend in farming activities over recent years with a declining number of farms. The average farm size has increased, and a shift towards less labor intensive farming has occurred.
While farming activity has gradually declined, it still represents a significant portion of the total land use in the area. The percentage of total land area devoted to agricultural use in Roane County is 27.8%. For Anderson, Knox, and Loudon Counties the percentages are 20.3%, 32.4%,
and 52.9%, respectively (U.S. Dept. of Commerce,1983).
Approximately 19.8% of the total land area of Morgan County is devoted to agricultural activities (State of Tennessee,1974).
t
( The principal cash crops grown in the five surrounding counties are corn, tobacco, soybeans, and wheat. These crops l are produced on relatively small farms, interspersed I
throughout areas of differing land use.
l l
Pasture and grazing constitute a large portion of the agricultural land usage in the region. Over 37,000 head of cattle were in the five county area in 1980. In 1974, beef',
cattle were found in scattered herds consisting of 20 to 30 head each (PMC, 1975). Beef cattle production has increased substantially over the last several years.
l Dairy farms are prevalent throughout eastern Tennessee.
However, no commercial dairy farms are found within the 16 km (10 mi) radius of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs in either Morgan, Anderson, Knox, Roane, or Loudon Counties.
Coal mining, both by underground and surface methods, is important within the region, particularly in Anderson and '
Morgan Counties. Other minerals and resources extracted from the surrounding area include limestone, crushed stone, marble, zinc, granite, and manganese (TN Div. Comm. Dev. ,1983). Two TVA coal fired steam plants, Kingston Steam Plant and Bull Run Steam Plant, are located within a few kilometers of the site.
O 4-1
i O _ -- ,
m -
one Q .
. m ctTY mm
.. I d n uvessee .,....-
m$ +g .i_
f
,%g .,
. . C. ? :-f,,,l
~
/p mmm ',
lm . -a OIJVER SPRMGS 1
i f
- v
\ AIChemE FACHfrY OZZYER SPRWGS 2.-.
SITE CAK RmGE a m wAu
/p/'
/
/ j
/ 'i /
/ l O l
)
AZYcswN mmm m J
",e,,, ,, , ,f*
dc tavutsstr en Izx0m city
- "**=
A@
Figure 4.1.1. General location of the AlchemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs site.
l O
4-2
I p
V Timber resources in eastern Tennessee are extensive. Over one-half of the land area in the five surrounding counties of 1
the site is in commercial' forest. .
Industrial Land Use. Urbanization of the larger cities within this portion of eastern Tennessee is increasing. However, j much of the area of the five surrounding counties is-still predominantly rural. Knoxville, the largest city within the surrounding area, continues to expand. It serves as a major center for commercial, industrial, and social activities. The. ,
City of Oak Ridge is also within 16 km (10 mi) of the site.
Constrictions such as the Ridge and Valley topography and the ;
large amount of federally owned lands have severely limited the industrial growth of the general area. Additionally, the nearest commercial airport is approximately 58 xm (36 mi) from the site.
The major industrial activities which provide much' of the.
employment in the five county surrounding area to the site are DOE-and DOE-related nuclear industry facilities. Of these' .
facilities, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), a '
research and development center, and the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant (Y-12), a research and production center for DOE's military program (PMC, 1975), are the largest. Both of these operations are within 16 km (10 mi) of the AlChemIE Facility 2- Oliver Springs.
The Andy Justice Industrial Park, which encompasses 247 ha (100 ac), is located within the city limits of Oliver Springs near the Tri-County Shopping Center. In addition, five .
industrial parks are located within the Oak Ridge City limits.
These include the Clinch River Industrial Park - 38 ha (95 1 ac), the Valley Industrial Park - 85 ha (210 ac), the Municipal Industrial Park - 35 ha (86 ac), the Commerce Park -
104 ha (260 ac), and the Bethel Valley Industrial Park - 40 ha (100ac). Companies currently occupying these sites are involved in metal fabrication and casting, machinery and tool production, various nuclear related ' activities, high technology development, hazardous waste management, and i agricultural research and development.
Residential Land Use. Although the AlChemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs is located within the city limits of Oliver Springs and is near the City of Oe.k Ridge, the surrounding i area has a relatively low population density. *
\
Residential development is primarily rural. This' residential ;
population has historically been stable and can be. expected to i remain approximately constant. i Recreational Land Use. . Numerous recreational facilities exist O- within the 16 km (10 mi) radius of the site. Many of these are associated with water-related activities afforded by the. ;
Clinch River and numerous lakes in the vicinity. Outdoor l 4-3 !
l
/3 recreational activities include swimming, fishing, boating, V and camping. Portions of Frozen Head State Park, several public and commercial campgrounds, day use parks, boat launches, and lake access areas are located within the 16 km (10 mi) radius of the site.
Hunting of both big and small game and migratory birds is also an important outdoor recreational activity in the surrounding areas. In 1984, partions of the ORR were dasignated as a wildlife management area. Figure 4.1.2 outlines the wildlife management area on the ORR where big game (deer) hunting .is currently allowed.
A stockcar race track is also. located'within the 16 km (10 mi) radius of the site. ' Additional recreational activities in 'the surrounding area include scenic roadways and hiking trails.
Usage of these facilities, especially during peak hour use,.
could result in' substantial increases in the transient population in the vicinity of the site.
Public Facilities. 0ne major highway, U.S. Inters tate 40 (I-40), passes about 16 km.(10 mi) south of-the plant site.
The closest interchanges on I-40 are State Highway Routes 58 ;
and 95. The average traffic count on I-40 between.the exits for Routes 58 and 95 for a 24-hour period .is 16,500 vehicles.
The closest rail mainline is situated approximately 1.6 km (1 mi) north of the site. !
The four airports located. near the site are: 1 i
Approximate Name Type Distance and Direction l Meadowlake Air Park Sport 27 km 17 mi) SW j Oak Ridge Air Park Sport 1.6 km 1 mi) NNE l Rockwood Municipal Business and Sport 32 km 20 mi) W !
McGhee-Tyson Commercial 58 km 36 mi) SE l McGhee-Tyson (Knoxville) is the only airport with scheduled commercial flights. The nearest flight path, V16, is about 24 i km (15 mi) south of the site. Aircraft approaching .
McGhee-Tyson would be at a minimum altitude of 1500 m (5000 ft) as they pass 16 km (15 mi) south of the site. The nearest i holding pattern for McGhee-Tyson is about 50 km (30 mi) ;
northeast of tb site. l
~
There are no military installations within the 16 km (10 mi) radius of the site. l Schools within the 16 km (10 mi) radius of the site are' listed in Table 4.1.1.
Utilities. TVA transmission lines near the site consist of 69 KV lines. The wood pole structures which support the.
4-4
+.
G '
..'- g@ .
L t
A E
Qw:
, :: ::g_ x 5;
g R
A C
)m )A W T
E N
nNU
., . y_ :0 ;.
- ; R Y A T .. ; -. . w%o 42w h e
G mH a N
'5 o N t n I s S K
f' cnTM a" . ' ..% -
- g. -
J A
(R E
A T )C M(
A E
aV c H U
N WT R A
)C N
mOT WVU
- i y .:,
.: T T o T V
.D
.A M H N Nv D
~O .,
A M h n
.R
.o
.p u M O e T
.i '
.y .. M w (O E
N A
N (N wSD S
cEDU M A E A
.k' :
- m. l T
Z u T S a o O
< R (a
t
.# Y e L
- h nT v E r Di N T
W nA
.k_}:
p[
- 9 v
a r _
l -
]
N S F
A l
M A
t f
a u @
a
,@l M u
) y _
L-2 -.
S
. ) .- s
.,- .}
N l '
.i p
5.Tj f: -
t:
j 0
y 9
0
- d d
. :;.e. a. dm k
.n..
j?
5 ::..
f.s.
E M(
'g I v
's. !. ,s i
4"
g
(.' ~
(3 g
^
M A
Q'P l
_ v. ' ., ' '
' l
.'- l s
i E
wKM 2 ,J
_ # ,s l
1s
[
j.s _-
l .
o -
.' ' ._ 9 .._
i
) -.
o}0 N c T 5
?w
f Table 4.1.1. Schools within a'16 kilometer O- radius of A1ChemIE Facility '2. - Oliver Springs (Sources: PMC and TVA, 1975; Joyce' Harris, 1987) ,
System Name Grades Enrollment-Morgan County .Coalfield Elementary 1-8 375 Coalfield High School 9-12 200 Roane County Cherokee 1-6 500
- 1. - Dy11is 1-8 300' Emory- 1-8 200 Fairview K-6 200 Oliver Springs High School 9-12 429
_0 liver Springs Elementary K-8 617-Oak Ridge Glenwood K-5 368 Linden K-5 546 Willow Brook K-5 467 Woodland K-5 522 .
Jefferson Junior High 6-9 620.
Robertsville Junior High 6-9 676 Oak Ridge'High 10-12 1173
-Anderson County Norwood Junior High School 6-9 320 Norwood Elementary '- X-S 338 0_ Marlow Elementary '
K-6 114 Knox County No schools are within (16 km) 10 mi of the site, and
-none are forecast for 1980 or 1990.
e O
4-6'
~
69 KV. lines vary in height and spacing ' depending upon -
Q'V topographic conditions. These power transmission lines are located on Figure 4.1.3. Transmission line corridors'are approximately 75 ft wide.(Teal, 1987).
The substation in the vicinity of the site is owned by TVA.
Substations are enclosed in cyclone fencing or.in areas-surrounded by cyclone fencing. Most'of'the areas'within the substations are covered with crushed . stone. Transmission line corridors are covered by either grass or low growth vegetation. Vegetative growth control on corridors is accomplished by either mowing,-bush-hogging, or herbicide applications.
The water main for Oliver Springs parallels Tennessee Highway.
- 62. Facilities include a pumping station, treatment facility, storage tanks, and distribution lines.
i The sanitary sewage main line parallels Tennessee' Highway. 62.
l- Feeder lines will be: lain along the access road to the industrial park. Sewer connections will.be made at:the appropriate locations within the plant site and tied into-the main line servicing the industrial park.
O O
v 7
g
=,
g,
-l J ;
.u (w '%
c#
~
1) y
- 'r w**
g.,\
\n c'^ [ A' .,' -
ww. "
4..f. . r,M
,(*," Q xQ=20
'e s, % g. I 1syO..f4,g//4
'% *g ', c.<
ogg w t {'t a i
. . , , ~ . % ,, '
} .
,a
, c'
),
a p h . !. O 4, 4 . .
o y'
.s c y-5' h
'% -= o ' '
GQ 4 , ,
- ~
3 $$10N .
o x 0 s j, o ,,. -
EMrnIEF W) .. ,.
[9 ,, ,Q '-
@,' Wpfyff3y_
, .r a ' e~ J/ <
- ,s y1 % g f
& \
.N
' N) ' s, ]g ,
W I 1/2 o
-l bN.
gwtt x GRAPHIC
() -
Figure 4.1.3. Major transmission line corridors near AlchemIE Facility 2 - Oliv'er Springs SCALE 4-8
4.2 SITE TOP 0 GRAPHY, S0ILS, GE0 LOGY, AND HYDR 0 LOGY Topography. The subject site is located on the eastern toe slopes of a small knoll that projects from the floor of Poplar Creek Valley. These slopes are irregularly dissected by drainage features that trend to the northwest, southwest, and south. Slopes
- range from 16% near the western extremity of the site to less-than 5% on the site's central portion.
Maximum relief is about 30 ft, ranging from a low 770 ft on the site's western extremity to a high of 800 ft on the eastern extremity of the site.
Soils. At the present time, there are no detailed site specific investigations of soil characteristics for the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs site. Based on field experience in similar terrain, the soils on site are probably a combination of residual materials derived from the Conasauga shale and colluvial and alluvial materials. The colluvium represents an aggregation of soil materials which have been transported under the influence of gravity from topographic highs to a location downslope of their former position.
Alluvial materials are derived from surface water deposition of suspended sediment and bedload.
Typically the Conasauga shale which underlies the site O develops a silty brown, micaceous clay with abundant weathered V
shale fragments. Soils derived from the Conasauga are usually strongly leached, acidic, and low in organic content.
Additional soils information can be extrapolated from a foundation investigation of the adjacent property (Tri-County Shopping Center located less than 1000 ft east of the subject site). During the investigation, seven holes were drive sampled and two were power augered. The soils consisted of clayey silt and silty clays produced from in-place weathering of the bedrock. Borehole data indicate that there is not a distinct soil / bedrock interface; rather there is an interval of variably weathered shale that grades into fresh rock. Six of the boreholes refused, presumably on bedrock, at depths ranging from 8.5 ft to 25.3 ft below grade.
Regional Geology. The AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs site is situated in the Valley and Ridge Subregion of the Appalachian Highlands Province which lies between the Cumberland Mountains to the northwest and the Great Smoky Mountains to the southeast. This subregion consists of a '
series of northeast-southwest trending ridges bordered by the Cumberland Plateau on the west and by the Blue Ridge Front
- Percent slope and maximum and minimum relief were taken from a t'7 digitized site map (courtesy of King and Johnson Architects, Inc.)
O prepared from topographic information compiled from a Tennessee Valley Authority Aerial Photo.
4-9
1 (7 on the east. The long, narrow ridges are breached at U irregular intervals by stream channels, which otherwise follow the trend of the ridges. The AlchemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs site is located in Poplar Creek Valley which is bounded by Black Oak Ridge to the southeast and Pine Ridge to the northwest.
The valleys and ridges originated from sediments deposited in nearly horizontal layers during the Paleozoic Era; crustal movements caused the faulting and folding of these compressed sediments. Weathering and erosional processes removed the less resistant strata, leaving ridges composed of sandstone and shale or cherty carbonate rocks. Erosion of the less resistant materials formed the valleys composed primarily of limestone or weathered shale. (Petrich et al., 1984).
The Rome Formation and the Knox Group form ridges to the northwest and southeast of the subject site, respectively.
The valley floor is underlain by the Conasauga shale. The regional geologic structure consists of subparallel outcrep belts striking to the northeast and dipping to the southeast.
l Regional thrust faulting has caused the stratigraphic sequence to be repeated within individual fault blocks and from one fault block to another. Fault blocks of this type are believed to be relatively thin (a few thousand feet thick) and .
, to have been sheared along an incompetent zone and then l
(' displaced horizontally. Each fault block has overridden other j strata as it was displaced to the northwest; the dip of the-fault plane is commonly greatest near the surface, decreasing l
with depth. The forces necessary to create structures of this magnitude also commonly overcame the internal integrity of weaker strata (i.e., shale) within the thrust block. Fractures, folds, and complex imbricate structures are exhibited a considerable distance from the trace of the thrust fault. l Site Geoloay. The geology of the area is described in a l Masters of Science thesis by Charles F. Mann (1963); field mapping for the thesis was cond'ucted under the direction of the Department of Geology at The University of Tennessee.
According to Mann, the site is underlain by Cambrian age shales, siltstones, and carbonate rocks of the Conasauga shale (Figure 4.2.1). The Conasauga shale conformably averlies the Rome formation, the contact being gradational and therefore difficult to place. The coundary is generally placed at the top of the uppermost thick sandstone oed in this sequence or approximately placed by the relative decrease in abundance of '
sandstone and siltstone chips in the residuum.
The Conasauga has been divided into six formations in the central part of East Tennessee (Rodgers,1953, pp. 49-51).
These formations (collectively called the Conasauga Group) p are, in order of decreasing age, the Pumpkin Valley shale, the Q Rutledge limestone, Rogersville shale, Maryville limestone, Nolichucky shale, and Maynardville limestone. In the Oliver 4-10
-- ='
~ 's ~
pe#
cJ ~ n e :n-JWAed maA,g lb/
81
.___ f J \pgh b . ' ", . 'W Qb 6,
'g /
- <//}661 NT M -w; 0.r%f, I .'- -
cy
- UEo '
} 9#N dhd[*NMyk l\ '.
- gg: *
)
j
~
$l_fL afg ,{gh;'
NS $$10N f pA j< 6c s c l' j$tAp ;k,d##;
.1*W
/ v o e
- [p'D Q <
o
,i , ,
I hm .f '
I I/2 0 :M;LE GRA PHIC O Figure 4.2.1. General site geologic map SCALE LEGEND g
@ cONASAUGA SHALE 4-11 Q bysyoWE Q KNOX GROUP
1 Springs area, the Conasauga can only be divided into an upper part, a limestone equivalent to the Maynardville, and a lower s
shale, siltstone, and limestone phase that is similar in :
lithology to the Pumpkin Valley and Nolichucky formations.*
i The lower Conasauga unit is composed of yellow, green, and purple calcareous shales with brown to maroon, thinbedded siltstone byers, and a-prominent bed of limestone. The limestone bed appears to extend continuously through the area but was not mapped as a separate unit. Argillaceous shales {
predominate in this lower unit; however, there are abundant !
intercalated siltstone layers. Intensive folding and faulting are common throughout the lower part of the Conasauga, and for this reason accurate measurement of thickness was impossible.
The bed of limestone within the lower part forms a line of j small knobs or hogbacks through the area and is approximately 150 to 200 ft thick. The limestone is dark bluish gray, commonly oolitic and glauconitic, thinbedded to massive, with intraformational conglomerates up to 8 in. thick. Abundant silt and shale partings give this limestone a shaly appearance when weathered.
The uppermost Conasauga unit, or Maynardville, is I predominately a dark bluish gray, crystalline, siliceous limestone that directly underlies the Knox group. It is -
persistent, thin to mediumbedded,-somewhat cherty, and oolitic in the upper portions. It is approximately 350 ft thick and J
outcrops along the base of Black Oak Ridge.
Brachiopods of the Lingula type occur in several of the green shale beds of the lower part of the Conasauga. Fossils in the f overlying limestones are apparently rare.
A thin, acid soil, with abundant shale and siltstone chips, is characteristic of the lower part of the Conasauga shale. The reddish residuum of the Maynardville limestone unit at the top of l this group is thicker than that of the lower shales. Within the residuum of the Maynardville, small chert blocks and nodules can occasionally'be seen.
Structurally the site is located on the Chattanooga Fault block in the axial region of a syncline about 1000 ft northeast of the trace of the Kingston fault. Available strike and dip data and the proximity of the site to a' major fault suggest that there may be other structural features in the vicinity of the site. ,
- On the Oak Ridge Reservation located about 9 mi south of the-subject site, Haase et al. (1985) identified the six formations that typify the Conasauga's central phase. However, Haase's descriptions were developed from the Conasauga on the Copper Creek y allochthon, and his description will not be applied to the subject l site, which is located on the Chattanooga allochthon. !
4-12 i
i l
n Earlier geologic maps of the area (Rodgers, 1953) place the h trace of the Kingston fault north of the location identified by Mann. TheapparentthicknessoftheConasauga(calculated from the width of the outcrop belt and the dip of the strata) is greater than its "true" thickness which was derived from measured sections and drill core. Both Rodgers and Mann invoked a fault to account for the added thickness. The actual location of the fault trace in the vicinity of the subject site has not been clearly established. Locating-the fault would require additional field investigation including a drilling program. The actual location of the fault may be a mute point since the most recent movement on the faults in this area was late Pennsylvanian /early Permian - about 290 to 280 million years ago. The Rodgers' map is best suited to regional interpretation while Mann's work is specific to the study area; in view of this, Mann's interpretation is preferred.
4.3 REGIONAL HYDROLOGY Regionally, the surface water regime exhibits a trellis drainage pattern. First , second , and third-order streams drain the linear ridges then coalesce on valley floors to form northeasterly or southwestly flowing streams. The streams occasionally breach a ridge through narrow water gaps but continue in a northeasterly or southwesterly direction conforming to the linear trend.of the valleys and ridges.
With respect to ground water, East Tennessee lies in a region designated the Unglaciated Appalachians. Within this i
region is the Valley and Ridge province; the lowlands are j underlain by carbonate rocks and shale, and the ridges are ,
capped by resistant sandstone and shale or carbonate rocks {
with a significant chert fraction. Here, most of the ground I water supplies are derived from Cambrian and Ordovician l carbonates. The water is of good quality although locally l very hard (240 mg/L), and dissolved solids are as much as 500 mg/L. Farther west is the Appalachian Plateau, which is formed by Pennsylvanian sandstone and shale except southward.
in the Sequatchie Valley where carbonate rocks are exposed. ,
In this region, most of the ground water is obtained from '
fractured sandstone. Dissolved solids exceed 200 mg/L, and the water is commonly characterized by a low pH value.
Site Surface Hydrology. Poplar Creek, located less than 500 ft south of AlChemlE 2 - Oliver. Springs, is.the largest surface water body in the vicinity of the subject site. ~
The Poplar Creek drainage basin comprises 136 sq mi. The q western portion of the basin lies in the Cumberland Mountains i of the Appalachian Plateau while the eastern portion lies in ,!
the Valley and Ridge Province. The upper elevation of the !
western divide of the drainage basin is 3200 ft MSL. Poplar i Creek then flows to the southwest towards the Clinch River; q the confluence of these two water bodies occurs at an l l
I 4-13
(m elevation of 735 ft MSL. The stream gradient in its reach
('~ adjacent to the subject site is less than 2%, and the stream morphology is one of broad meanders that span the valley floor. Water quality data and stream sediment chemical data are available for a reach of Poplar Creek approximately 4 mi downstream of the subject site. These data are presented in Tables 4.3.1 and 4.3.2.
Site Hydrogeology. Ground water data for the proposed site are not presently available. In view of this, the ground water regime of the site will be described conceptually.
l The occurrence and movement of ground water in the Conasauga can be broken into two unique regimes (Webster,1976): a residuum system and a t'edrock system. Though considered herein as separate entities, the two regimes are believed to be hydraulically connected by a transition zone consisting of several feet of variably weathered rock.
The residuum is composed primarily of unconsolidated clay and silt with some isolated bedrock fragments; it has a primary permeability consisting of interconnected, intergranular voids. The secondary permeability of the 3 residuum consists of relict geologic structures (such as I fractures) retained by the residuum after the bedrock has !
weathered as well as voids left after roots and other organic i
( materials have decayed. The greater total volume of I L interconnected void space of the primary system probably 1 represents the majority of the storage capacity of the !
residuum. However, the role of the storage capacity in the ,
hydrologic system is largely dependent on the storage media. ,
For example, coarse grained sediments typically exhibit high I specific yields while fine grained clays and silts, such as are found in the residuum of the Conasauga, typically exhibit low yields (i.e., have high specific retention). Therefore, groundwater stored in these finer grained sediments may only be available for evapotranspiration.
The bedrock aquifer is thought to consist primarily of interbedded shales, siltstones, and limestones that apparently have no primary permeability. The secondary permeability consists of fractures that both cut across and are coincident with bedding plane partings, the latter developing as the result of preferential weathering'and of strata unloading (overburden relief). At depth, the openings along these fractures are thought to be restricted because of greater -
overburden pressure. ,
O v
4-14
Table 4.3.1, Water quality data from Poplar Creek mile (PCM) 13.8, May 1984. (Source: TVA,1985a).
Parameter Measurement Temperature 14.0C Conductivity 230 Dissolved oxygen 9.2 mg/L pH 7.7 Alkalinity 49 mg/L-Arsenic, dissolved' U*
Arsenic, total U Beryllium, dissolved- U i Beryllium, total U Cadmium, dissolved- U Cadmium, total U Chromium, dissolved U Chromium, total V Copper, dissolved U O- Copper, total U Lead, dissolved 1 mg/L Lead, total 2 mg/L Thallium, dissolved U Thallium, total U --
Nickel, dissolved '17 ug/L
, Nickel, total 18 ug/L Silver, dissolved -
U Silver, total U Zinc, dissolved V Zinc, total 10 ug/L Antimony, dissolved U Antimony, total U Selenium, dissolved U Selenium,-total U Mercury, dissolved U Mercury, total U
'O
- U = Checked for but not detected.
4-15 t
Table 4.3.2. 1984 sediment characterization data for Poplar Creek near Poplar Creek Road. (Source: TVA,1985a).
Parameter Measurement (3 Moisture Content 41%
Total Residue Volume 4%
Specific Gravity 1.97 Cation Exchange Capacity 8.4 meq/100G Mercury 0.1 mg/kg Total Sediment Particle Size .0005 mm 8.9%
Total Sediment Particle Size .002 mm 19.3%
Total Sediment Particle Size .008 mm 34.2%
Total Sediment Particle Size .016 mm 41.2%
Total Sediment Sieve .062 mm 49.6%
Cyanide 0.80 mg/kg Arsenic 8.2 mg/kg Cadmium 2.1 mg/kg-C0 Chromium 19 mg/kg Lead 23 mg/kg Nickel 43 mg/kg Silver 10 mg/kg Zirconium 220 mg/kg-ZR Alpha 9.0 pCi/G Beta 36 pCi/G Ra-226 0.62 pCi/G Ra-224 0.80 pCi/G Ra-223 0.17 pCi/G Sr-90 0.1 pCi/G Pb-212 0.76 pCi/G Pb-214 0.68 pCi/G Be-7 0.80 pCi/G K-40 10.7 pCi/G T1-208 0.28 pCi/G Bi-212 0.9 pCi/G Bi-214 0.62 pCi/G .
Th-234 1.5 pCi/G Uranium 4.9 ug/G Cs-137 0.1 pCi/G Co-60 0.018 pCi/G
/]
'" Ac-228 0.8 pCi/G u
4-16
.1 Fractures also form an important part of the secondary.
O permeability system. The Conasauga, having a significant ~
shale component, is not a structurally competent unit and is subject to both ductile and brittle deformation. For example, when this type of lithology is compressed )
horizontally it may form a fold, buckling perpendicularly to l the direction of applied force. As the fold is propagated, longitudinal tension fractures form around the external radius of the fold hinge. . Longitudinal shear fractures form around the internal radius of the fold hinge and along bedding laminae in the limbs of the fold.
These three types of fractures, as well as the-bedding plane fractures described earlier, are typically oriented-approximately parallel to geologic strike. Also of significance is the down dip orientation of the bedding
' plane fractures. Another component of the secondary f permeability system of the bedrock (which can be predicted from basic' structure principles) is a. set of orthogonal fractures, oriented about 45 degrees to the direction of principal force. Presuming that the principal tectonic force acted from southeast to northwest, then these fractures should cut across the strike-oriented fracture system described .!
earlier and provide a greater degree of interconnection within- I the bedrock aquifer. Other fracture systems may also occur; however, those described above can be reasonably predicted.
The overall result may resemble an irregular and incomplete O. lattice-like secondary permeability system composed of relatively short but interconnected fractures.. The Conasauga Group contains several limestone intervals that may exhibit some of the characteristics of carbonate aquifers. However, the more significant aspect of the secondary permeability system may be the influence of the shale interval on deformation styles (i.e., folding and attendant fracture systems).
The depth of fresh water circulation is unknown. It is possible that the sandstones of the Rome formation and the presumably tightly cemented gouge of the Chattanooga fault and Kingston Fault are impervious and act as barriers to groundwater movement. According to-this hypothesis, the base of the Conasauga Group or the fault zones would define the limits of the Poplar Creek bedrock aquifer. However, this conclusion cannot be corroborated without additional field study and subsequent analysis.
Generally, it can be presumed that groundwater within the subject site flows from the potentiometric highs on ridge crests to the potentiometric lows on valley floors and that the surface water system (Poplar Creek and its tributaries) serves as a constant head discharge boundary. The phreatic IO 4-17
(m surface beneath the subject site is probably a subdued d replica of the topography. Fluctuations ir. the phreatic surface are expected to correlate with the annual meteorologic cycle. Heavy precipitation during late winter and early spring probably correspond to phreatic surface highs. Alternatively the relatively dry periods during late summer and early fall probably correspond to phreatic surface lows.
Permeabilities of Conasauga soils and thg upper portion of the bedrock generally range from 1 X 10~ cm/s to 1 X 10-cm/s. Increases in permeability may occur locally where buried stream channels occur, and decreases in permeability may occur at depth in the bedrock.
4.4. METEOROLOGY There are no meteorological data available for Oliver Springs.
The closest information is from the Oak Ridge area. Because of the proximity of the two areas, variations in temperature or rainfall can be considered minimal. Wind data.from the ORGDP located approximately 13 km (8 mi) southwest of the site were utilized due to existing topographic features. The meteorology of the Oak Ridge area is primarily a result of its topography. The Appalachian Mountain Range on the east and the Cumberland Plateau on the west have a protecting and ,
( ,T moderating influence on the climate. As a result, the climate V is milder than the more continental climate found just to the west on the Plateau or on the eastern side of the Smoky Mountains. The prevailing winds follow the topographic trend of the ridges. The Smoky Mountains to the southeast provide shelter so that severe storms, such as tornados or high velocity windstorms, are rare. Similarly, the mountains divert hot southerly winds that develop along the southern Atlantic coast.
Temperature. In the fall, slow-moving, high-pressure cells suppress rain and remain statio' nary for days, thus providing 1 mild weather. Year-round mean temperatures are about 15 C (58 F), with a January mean of approximately 3.5 C (38 F) and a July mean of approximately 25 C (77 F) (MMES, 1986). l However, temperatures above 38 C (100 F) or below -18 C (0 F) I occur but are unusual. Low-level temperature inversions occur i during approximately 56% of the hourly observations (MMES, ;
1986). Table 4.4.1 summarizes the climatic conditions of the Oak Ridge area. ,
Precipitation. The mean annual precipitation in the Oak Ridge.
area is approximately 138.2 cm (54.4 in) based on 1948 through 1985 precipitation data (NOAA, 1965-1985). Mean annual precipitation ranges from more than 147 cm (58 in) in the rm northwest to less than 117 cm (46 in) in the northeast
(~' ) (Rothschild,1984). Rainfall is at a maximum near the Cumberland Mountains and decreases from northwest to southeast where it reaches a minimum at the foot of the Smoky Mountains.
4-18
s Table 4.4.1. Monthly climatic summary for the Oak Ridge area based on a 20-year period (Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA], 1965-1985)
Temp _eratu re Precipitation Month Max Min Mean Rain Snow a
C C C cm cm January 9.3 -1.8 3.3 13.5 8.6 February 10.7 -0.8 4.9 13.5 6.6 March 14.8 2.4 8.6 14.2 3.3 April 21.7 8.3 15.0 11.2 0.03 May 26.2 12.5 19.3 9.1 0.0 June 29.6 17.1 23.3 10.2 0.0 July 30.7 19.1 24.9 14.2 0.0 g August 30.4 18.4 24.4 9.7 0.0 V September 27.5 14.8 21.2 8.4 0.0 October 21.8 8.4 15.2 6.8 1.5 November 14.3 2.2 8.3 10.7 1.3 December 9.3 -0.8 4.3 14.5 6.4 Annual 14.4 135.9 26.2 a
C = ( F - 32) X 5/9.
U 4-19
(s Precipitation varies annually as demonstrated in Figure 4.4.1.
( The period of highest rainfall is the winter months which are characterized by passing. storm fronts. Winter storms are usually of low intensity and long duration. Another peak in rainfall occurs in July when short, heavy rains associated with thunderstorms are common. The total precipitation in 1985 was 107.7 cm (42.4 in.) (MMES, 1986).
Clear conditions prevail 30% of the time throughout the year; partly cloudy, 25%; and cloudy, 45%. An average of 53 thunderstorms and 40 days of heavy natural fog [ upper visibility limit, 0.4 km (0.25 mi) occur in a year] (Union Carbide,1979). Annual snowfall averages about 25.5 cm (10 in) per year with the maximum recorded snowfall for one year (1959) being 105 cm (41.4 in) (DOE, 1985). Rain, snow, and fog occurs approximately 127, 3, and 34 days per year, respectively.
Flood risk on the Clinch River and F.ast Fork of Poplar Creek has been evaluated by TVA (TVA, 1959; TVA, 1968). Regional floods predominantly occur in the December-to-April period of frequent and intense cyclonic storms. The gravity of the flood risk on the Clinch River was reduced considerably by the closure of the TVA dams at Norris, Melton Hill, Watts Bar, and Fort Loudon. From 1883 until the closure of Norris Dam in 1936, 47 floods overflowed the Clinch River floodplain. Since the completion of this dam, only once out of 23 times has a O', flood exceeded the storage of the reservoir (1937), and this flood affec.ted the entire Mississippi Valley.
Wind. Examination of the annual wind roses (Figures 4.4.2 and 4.4.3) reveals that the prevailing winds are almost equally split into two directions that are 180 degrees apart; one prevailing direction is from the SW to WSW sector, and the other prevailing direction is from the NE to ENE sector. The winds are strongly aligned along these directions due to the channeling affect induced by the ridge and valley structure of the area.
The opposing forces of regional and local winds counteract one another to yield a rather high occurrence of calm periods (23%) and the lowest wind-velocity classes [.44 to 1.33 m/sec (1 to 3 mph), 28%; 1.77 to 3.11 m/sec (4 to 7 mph), 26%]
.(Union Carbide, 1979). In fact the average wind speed for the Oak Ridge area is only 1.95 m/sec (4.4 mph). A major factor in the stability of air movement is the Cumberland Plateau, ~
which diminishes the strength of winter and early-spring storms.
An air pollution episode is forecast to occur whenever: 1) ;
the mixing depth is less than 1500 m (4921.5 ft), 2) the mean 1 q wind speed is less than 4 m/sec (9 mph), 3) no precipitation V
4-20 i
O
-0 / I i i i i i 4..;.
6 38-YEAR MEAN (138.2cm) :ill'.i
} 180 - -
i!!!!
j :: ::
160 _
_ . liit' 8 _. . -. ._ ._. . _ _ . . :
- i', -
M: 1JO *k:
e Q .!*.!!"-
100 _ ) _
- i i
- '
70 i f 1 I I I i 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 YEAR O Figure 4.4.1. Annual precipitation history of Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
(1948-1985).
(Source: MMES,1986).
4-21
r > .' r
, s ,
,. o i Q' p' j .I eg)1
- o. - .
c >l<e ,
>(- ,'x . ..
- <;cl.
g., ,, - r ,,
t , /
/
_ 4 .:.'E *
}. ji f)
NJ p,
p7
.l Y7
.e ,4
k" lb , Q ~Q i
w, .*
b
?.-
/tw s
L f ;
y.
3
.)< ,
4 ? C .Y8 f .g 3 ~ (. L I
l i ,
1 w o ~<=l s'E . :..\
g '
/L _
l g, hb/ f \ler h w / .1 swg
< 1 4 ) ( j [ 'p. ^
'p y % :N J' , / e,g f. -
y m/s
)
y.
- ' ,.4 n&' ~ ~g-?M'/
<u & ~u ! n ?!% 9, , '
t,
, ,J .:" s ,
t ,
' )
\
Figure 4.L? 1985 annuel / vin'd t ose at 10 meties (33 fiflevel at /e tuteorolojical tower at ORGDP. -
j (N (Sou r :<. . MNES, h 86). -
r
/ ,
' t, ,
V,/
l O. ,
g- --
'p; f.- ,,
gy , "g ,
M uw \wn b
.h '
s f, '
- M ww y
'Y,,
(. ;
> .'r;
\, Y w , y f o
e c,# } { (, ,
l
,;/ p i ( - -
( ,
pyff / l
\ e i t fff ,
) <
sw K \
) [,$ ,,,/, y > L[ ' , Y, N
{ O.M j j r . >;.
' ]
4_
, ,1
.> y.
e ,r. &
f
\ .> l '
I i Figure 4 A.3. 1985 annua $ 6d rose at 60 meters (197 ft) I veNat meteorologist 0 tornr at' 0RGDP. t p ;
l (Source: MNJ:,1986).s 4 ; .y ,.
7'
! , , t .
y f,
.y' >
I-
\
S 4 22 .
- ~,
~ , l a
3- J
>f7 "\} fo .g b og ,
. x k g is expected to occw, and 4) these oi' worse conditions persist O for T.wo days. The AlChem!E Facility 2 - Oliver Springs site is (a an area where 17 epf todes (a total of 40 days) of high air-pollution poterdal, by this definition, have occurred ovec ,3 five-year period. This potential is high for the eastern United States but low compared with a large part of the western Un9ted States (Holzworth,1972).
Air Quality.. The Tenne.rsee Division of Air Pollution Control (TDAPQ haI the responsibility for implemer. ting air gaality regulations and issuing air quality permits within the State.
Tennessee has adopted the national ambient air quality standteos [NAAQS (40 CFR 50)] which limt the concenc ations of six pollutants - total suspended pa #;iculates (TSP) . sulfur dioxide (S02 ), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (0 )' "D" dioxide (N02 ), and lead (Pb) - in the outside3 air.
.p Additionally, the TDAPC has adopted regulations governing'the, prevention of significant deterioration of air quality.. These regulations apply to all areas in attainment of the 3AAQS.
The closest Class I area is the Great Femky Mountains !/ational . ,
l Park, about 64 km (40 mi) southeast of t'ne A1ChemfE Facility 2 l - Oliver Springs site. Class I areas have the most restrictive limitations. The AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliv w l Springs is in a Class..I_1 area. Class $1 attainment areas are those which hcVe rektively good air quality %1d fall between O Class .I and Class 111 areas'as outlined in the " Prevention nf Significant Deterioration" (PSD) increment system (D0E '1?65). 3 4.5 ECOLOGY ]
u 1 The AlChemlE Facility 2 - Oliver, Springs site will cordiist of buildings and paved / concreted areas within a fenced,coinpouno. .j 4The region immediately surrounding the facility is primarily '
ixsture land with fonce row vegetation. The woodlandt communities in neighboring areas are typical of the second-growth forests that characterize this pcrtion of eastern Tennessee (PMC, 1975). l There are no data on terrestrial fauna specific' tu the Oliver '
T,prings area; however, component species are beMeved to be typical of those found'in similar habitats within the region.
Biological monitoring of the aquatic environments at various c l
sites on Poplar Creek and the Clinch Piver.was conducted in 1977-1978 (Loar et al. ,1981). While none of the sampling sites were located near the AlChemIE Facility 2 - 0?iver. -
Springs, two sites on Poplar Creek were above the confluds;e; l with East Fork Poplar Creek and should be representative of j the aquatic biota in similar habitats near the facility. i
)
O 4-23 n.
1
'S (7 TVA'(1985b) collected fish samples from PMC 13.8 and analyzed
() them for 11 priority pollutant metals and one radionuclides (Tc-99). Results of these analyses are presented in Table 4.5.1.
The' operations of the AlchemIE Facility 2'- Oliver Springs should have no impacts on the existing natural environment.
Comments from the regulatory agencies.concerning rare and m endangered plant and animal species near the site are found in N!' Appendix C..
i
4.6 CULTURAL
RESOURCES The National Re Interior,1976)gister lists of 23Historic sites inPlaces (U.S. Dept. of' i
M _"
the five-county area.
(Anderson, Knox,.Loudon,' Morgan,:and Roane) around AlchemIE
</ Facility 2 - Oliver Springs, with only one located within~the 16 km (10 mi)- radius of the plant site. 'The Graphite Reactor located.10 km (6'mi) east of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs is listed in Anderson County although it is located in Roane County. The Graphite Reactor is the first full-scale nuclear. reactor in the world to produce significant amounts of heat as well as measurable amount of plutonium-239. The response of the Tennessee State Historical Preservation Office to the. proposed site-or any cultural resources within
^
- the area is found in Appendix C.
The ORR operated by MMES for the DOE is. located near the facility. Operations include the ORNL,'the principal focus of
,- which is energy-related research, and the Y-12 Plant, which is l involved in production of. nuclear materials. -
h Archaeological field studies and reconnaissance.-(U.S. Dept. of i Interior, 1976; Fielder, 1974) revealed'45 sites of prehistoric occupation in the Oak Ridge area. These 45 sites
'1 included a paleo-Indian site, eight Archaic Period sites, 24 Woodland Period sites, and five Mississippian Period sites.
Most of these sites were' distributed along the Clinch River.'
The American Museum of Science and Energy is located 5.6 km (3.5 mi) northeast of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs-in Oak Ridge. .This museum contains' displays, movies, L demonstrations, and equipment on energy; it recorded 199,511 visitors during 1986 (Burgoss,1987). The University of:
Tennessee maintains one of the largest and most complete live; collections of Appalachian plant species in the Southeast at ~
o%, 4' the UT Arboretum located 9.7 km (6 mi) east-north-east of A1ChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs. The arboretum attracts n s ,
many visitors throughout the year.
y The community characteristics will be discussed by counties.
O ,
'A , 4-24
']__ .
( Table 4.5.1. Analyses of fish samples for priority pollutant t metals and Tc-99, PCM 13.8, 1984. (Source: TVA,1985b).
Contaminant (Unit) Species Bluegill Carp Redbreast Tc-99(pCi/g) 0.140 0.170 0.190 Antimony (mg/kg) 4* 1.00 U Arsenic (mg/kg) U V U c Beryllium (mg/kg) U U U Cadmium (mg/kg) U U V Copper (mg/kg) 0.40 1.60 0.90 Lead (mg/kg) 0.03 0.07 0.10 Mercury (mg/kg) 0.2 0.5 U Selenium (mg/kg) 0.400 0.700 0.700 Silver (mg/kg) U U U Thallium (mg/kg) U U U q Zinc (mg/kg) 7.30 8.50 12.00 l
l
- U = Not Detected l
1 l
l l
l
)
]
4-25 1
s
--_--______--__---_-__--_______J
p Anderson County. The 1980 population of Anderson County was
() of 67,346; this includes two distinct population groups because of the way in which the City of Oak Ridge was formed.
In the 1940s, the federal government acquired about 143,840 ha (58,000 ac) of rural East Tennessee land for weapons development during World War II. Part of the 143,840 ha (58,000 ac) set aside for the residential, commercial, and support services needed by the federal employees became the City of Oak Ridge in 1959. The entire original ORR is designated as the City of Oak Ridge, but only 15,000 ha (37,300 ac) remain under the control of DOE.
Anderson County has two distinct population groups - the rural population and the Oak Ridge population. The demographics of the rural population are similar to the surrounding rural Tennessee population. The demographics of the Oak Ridge population are unique in that it is set apart from other communities in the area and from the rural population.
Differences between the two populations in Anderson County include: (1) the rural populations are more evenly distributed by age group whereas the Oak Ridge population has proportionately more working-age and proportionately fewer retirement-age people; (2) only 52.8% of Oak Ridge's citizens are native Tennesseans compared with 85.9% native Tennesseans in the rest of the population; and (3) virtually all foreign-born residents live in Oak Ridge.
The development of the Oak Ridge Reservation was the main contributing factor in the urbanization of the once rural area. The population increase was most pronounced from 1940 to 1950 as a result of the establishment of the federal reservation. Between 1950 and 1980 the population increased from 59,407 to 67,346.
Knox County, Knox County, including Knoxville, is the population and service center of this region. Between 1960 and 1980, the Knox County population has grown steadily from a population of 250,523 to 319,694. The western part of Knox County (from the City of Knoxville towards the ORR) is the main growth area. This growth is due to various factors, including easy access by I-40 to either Knoxville or Oak Ridge, availability of developable land, and employment opportunities provided directly or indirectly by DOE, TVA, and the University of Tennessee. Urban areas account for 76%
of the total population.
Roane County. Roane County had a 1980 population of 48,425.
The population of Roane County is currently slowly but steadily increasing and changing from a rural to an urban type. Urban areas, accounting for 45.3% of the population, include Harriman (1980 population: 8303), Kingston (4441),
f- Rockwood (5767) and parts of Oliver Springs and Oak Ridge, t
b 4-26
. Loudon' County. Loudon County is a small, predominantly rural s county with two small cities, Lenoir City and Loudon. ' Between 1970 and 1980, the population of Loudon County has grown from 24,266 to 28,553. Rural areas account for 67.1% of the population.
Morgan County. Morgan County had a 1980 population of 16,604.
Morgan County is the largest in area of the five counties. but the smallest in population. Except for a small part of Oliver Springs (66 people), all of Morgan County is classified as rural.
4.7 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS Aesthetic characteristics of the AlchemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs and the surrounding area are described briefly in terms of noise levels and visual qualities.
Noise. It is not anticipated that operations' at the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver. Springs will result in noise levels that affect the surrounding communities.-_ Small noise-level ,
increases will result from the increased vehicular-traffic to -
and from the site. Plant design will be useo to minimize noise off-site.
Visual. The only major thoroughfare near.the AlChemIE
[ Facility 2 - Oliver Springs-is Tennessee Highway 62. The upper most portions of the facility buildings will'be visible from the. major, thoroughfare. However, the Tri-County Shopping Center is located between the. facility and the thoroughfare and obstructs visual contact with the majority of the site.
p The plant will be visible from the industrial park access i roads but will be appropriately landscaped to blend with-the surroundings. ..,
l 0
4 .
4.8 DEMOGRAPHY The AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will be located in Oliver Springs Tennessee. Oliver Springs is in Anderson, Roane, and Morgan counties.
The major population center near the site is the City of Oak Ridge, which is located to the southeast about'1.6 km (1 mi) and had a 1980 population of 27,662. The populations of nearby central East Tennessee towns is shown in Table 4.8.1..
Table 4.8.2 gives a breakdown.in the population and population density for the five county area. The five county area had a combined 1980 population of 480,622 with a projectod.1990-population of 533,635..
The five counties had a combined 1980 population of 300,584 in the 18- to 64-year-old age group with Knox County representing 68% of the total. ,This population group represents the.
potential labor force of this area. The size of the potential labor force of an area is inversely related to the number of.
migrants required to fill new job openings. The next largest-age group is the 5- to 17-year-old age group, which had a I combined 1980 population of 95,758. This population' group represents the potential demand for primary and secondary education services. The combined 1980 population of the over 65-year-old age group was 54,053. This population group O represents the' potential demand for medical and' nursing home care. The populations of these age groups are in the same proportions as the United States as a whole (D0E,1985)~ .
The closest residence to the proposed facility lies approximately one-half mile northeast of-the site.
I e
O 4-28 l
l ,
.j
\
4 Q Table 4.8.1. Population of central East Tennessee towns Petrich et al.,1984)
() (Source:
Town / City Population Anderson County Clinton 5,245 Lake City 2,335 Norris 1,374 Cak Ridge 27,662 Oliver Springs 3,600 Knox County Knoxville 183,139 Loudon County Greenback 546 Lenoir City 5,446 Loudon 3,940 i
'u Morgan County Wartburg 761 Roane County Harriman 8,303 Kingston 4,441 Rockwood 5,767 l
I i
O V
4-29 .
O p 6 u
o r
4, 7 3 7, 8, 2, 8, 1 5 5 3
0, 4
5 G
e 1 1 7 0 5 4 g 4 5 1 9 0 2 8 A 6 3, 1
, 5, 2, 3, 5, y 8 1 7 9 9 3 0 b 1 4 1 2 0 0 2 3 n
o -
3 i 0 9 5 2 2 8 e 8 t 1 4 3 0 6 5 hs9 t g1 l a 7 1 2, 8, 9, 7, 0, 7, n u - 4 5 3 0 1 5 ri , p 5 1 1 6 9 ore o f pc P S r
_ n e 0 7 7 9 3 1 7 orm 8 7 2 2 9 0 9 3, 8, 2, 2, 5, 2,
_ i e 9 5
. t vo 1
_ aiC 4 1 1 3 9 0 ll 1 3
. uOf p o o-p .
_ )
2t d p) n 2 eye 2 o y m i
ttD8 e i ai 9 g t t /
ml 1 0 a a i n 9 2 2 6 2 5
- 8 r s o 9 2 3 3 3 4 iiS.
t c ,
9 e u n s l
v p e r 1 1 1 6 2 saU e 1 eF c A o D e
- r P p 0E e (
8 9
9 m.
1 e1 o 9 5 m O
h ,C a dC e nl ef r ) .
aAeo A2 i 9 5 3 7 6 6 s 3 3 2 5 0 0 ngs .
onet d m(
n 3 2 5 3 5 9, iinp a 1 td ne L aneD l uT uo .
p oror f S. 4 3 3 8 7 5 pu U 4 7 4 0 6 3 sy 0 5, 7, 3, 9, 0, 6, 0 t 9 8ai 9 8 2 9 2 0 3 9 es n 1 7 3 1 5 7 5 1 rr o . 3 5 ae i v t
.yi a n
- 2. nU t l u
p 6 3 4 5 4 2
- 8. uo o 4 5 0 2 9 2 4c:
s P 0 8 3, 5, 6, 4, 6, 6, eee 9 7 8 6 8 9 0 l vc 1 6 2 1 4 1 8 bir 3 4 af u T o S
(
a e
r y A t n y y t u t t y s c o n n t y e a C u u n t i p o o u n t m n C C o u l n I o C o a u s n n C t o y r o a e o C r e d g n x T u r a o O
a d m n o o o n ir A- L M R K -
P p$
j
4.9 SOCI0 ECONOMICS Employment. Currently, the DOE and its contractors are the dominant force in the local economy. The DOE accounts for 77%
of total employment in Oak Ridge and owns 63% of the total land area within the city limits.
The 1974 total civilian labor force, totel employment, total unemployment, and the unemployment rate by county are presented in Table 4.9.1. The total civilian labor force in April 1987 for the five county area, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data, was 237,480, with Knox County representing 67% and Anderson County representing 13% of this total.
The unemployment rate varies from a high ot 11.9% in Morgan County to a low of 6.0% in Knox County based on 1987 data.
The unemployment rate af 6.5% in Anderson County was lower than the neighboring central county of Roane where it was 7.4%. The five county unem?loyment rate of 6.4% is ab ve the United States averags but balow the Tennessee average. The average unemployment in Oliver Springs is 8.1% (H. Elliott, personal communication,1987).
Data on employment by sector and county for 1983 are presented in Table 4.9.2. In 1983, 22% of the labor force in Anderson G County worked in manufacturing, 16% in wholesale and retail trade, 33% in professional or service jobs, and 25% for the government. In Morgan County, 15% worked in manufacturing, 3%
in wholesale, 3% in service jobs, and 15% in government. For counties outside the primary impact area,19.8% worked in manufacturing,19.3% in wholesale and retail trade,15.4% in professional or service jobs, and 18.6% in government.
The presence of the DOE, Y-12, and ORNL in Anderson and Roane counties explain the high percentage of workers in l manufacturing and government jobs. Much of the manufacturing activity in the area outside the primary impact area centers around the textile industry and the coal industry. Another .
large portion of manufacturing oroduces furniture, fixtures. l and other wood products utilizing the extensive local timber '
resources. Manufacturing of metals and machinery is also significant.
Table 4.9.3 summarizes the occupational mix af the employed labor force in the five county area surrounding AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs at the time of the 1980 census. '
As can be seen from the table, Anderson, Loudon, Morgan, and Roane countic.s have a high proportion of craft workers, machine operators, and administrative support and clerical workers. This would correspond to the requirements of 9
4-31
Table 4.9.1. Employment and labor force data by county 9 compared with Tennessee and the United States in April 1987 (Source: Tennessee Dept. of Employment Security, 1987)
Totai Total Total Unemployment Counties Labor Force Employment Unemployment Rate Anderson County 31,690 29,620 2,070 6.5 Loudon County 14,160 13,030 1,130 8.0 Morgan County 5,700 5,020 680 11.9 Roane County 26,300 24,580 1,720 7.4 Knox County 159,630 150,030 9,600 6.0 Total 237,480 222,280 15,200 6.4 Tennessee 2,319,400 2,160,300 159,100 6.9 United States 118,347,000 111,041,000 7,306,000 6.2 O
Table 4.9.2. Labor force and distribution in major economic sectors for the AlChemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs area, 1983 (Source: Tennessee Dept. of Employment Security, 1984)
Labor Force Employment Distribution (%)
Wholesale Civilian and i Labor Retail I County _ Force Manufacturing Trade Services Government Anderson" 33,276 22 16 33 25 Loudon 13,370 27 7 6 12 I- Morgan 5,840 15 3 3 15 Roane 16,780 18 8 8 19 b
Knoxville MSA 231,100 21 20 16 19
- a. The values shown are for 1980 (U.S. Department of Commerce,1983).
Separate information was not available on the 1983 labor force or its distribution for Anderson County since it is part of the 3 Knoxville MSA.
- b. Metropolitan Statistical Area; includes Anderson, Blount, Knox, and O Union Counties.
4-32
rm Table 4.9.3. Occupations of the employed labor force (j in the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs area,1980 (Source: University of Tennessee, 1985)
County Category Anderson Loudon Morgan Roane Knox Total Employed 31,342 14,132 6,088 22,286 155,355 Executive, Administrative, Managerial:
Number 2,330 635 290 1,221 14,890 Percent 7.4 4.5 4.8 5.6 9.6 Professional Specialty:
Number 4,538 1,099 375 2,210 20,766 Percent 14.5 7.8 6.2 9.9 13.4 Technicians and Related Support:
Number 2,081 347 88 836 6,227 Percent 6.6 2.5 1.4 3.8 4.0 Sales:
Number 2,356 871 317 1,525 16,817 Percent 7.5 6.2 5.2 6.8 10.8 Administrative Support, Clerical:
Number 4,370 1,555 540 2,708 24,485 Percent 13.9 11.0 8.9 12.2 15.8 Private Household:
Number 227 52 19 70 730 Percent 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 f] Protective Services:
U Number 534 140 170 296 1,892 Percent 1.7 1.0 2.8 1.3 1.2 Services, Except Protective and Household:
Number 2,852 1,422 465 2,162 17,719 Percent 9.1 10.1 7.6 9.7 11.4 Farming, Forestry, Fishing:
Number 311 481 179 278 1,297 Percent 1.0 3.4 2.9 1.2 0.8 Precision Production, Craft, and Repair:
Number 4,868 2,227 1,281 4,159 18,218 Percent 15.5 15.8 21.0 18.7 11.7 Machine Operators, Assemblers, Inspectors:
Number 3,678 3,203 1,234 3,619 15,736 Percent 11.7 22.7 20.3 16.2 10.1 Transportation and Material Moving: ~
Humber 1,118 762 504 1,044 6,422 Percent 3.6 5.4 8.3 4.7 4.1 Handlers, Cleaners, Helpers, and Laborers:
Number 2,079 1,338 626 2,158 10,156 p Percent 6.6 9.5 10.3 9.7 6.5
(.
4-33
S AlchemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs. Knox County shows a higher proportion of managerial, professional, clerical, sales, and service people. This reflects the position of Knoxville as a regional trade center and as a residence of the managerial and scientific workers at the Oak Ridge Reservation (DOE,1985).
Income. Table 4.9.4 summarizes the 1983 data for the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs five county area and the State of Tennessee levels of personal income and oer capita income.
The per capita income was utilized to cut pare income levels across counties. The per capita income of 01iver Springs is
$7799-(H. Elliott, personal communication, 1987). Of the five county area,. Anderson County with a per capita income of
$10,760 is wealthier than Roane County ($9338) and the surrounding counties. With the higher income, Anderson County residents probably buy more consumer durables and have higher quality community services than those in lower income per capita counties. It can also be anticipated that Anderson County residents spend money in surrounding counties and some of this income generates jobs and other. benefits in these counties, primarily Knox County.
Housing Characteristics. The current housing trend in the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs five county area has been for new residents to live in outlying regions, primarily West O
V Knox County (SAIC, 1985). Anderson County (City of Oak Ridge) has higher rent and housing-values than Loudon, Morgan, and Roane counties (University of Tennessee, 1983). However, Knox County values are higher still, reflecting new and more attractive housing stock. About 46% of the Oak Ridge housing is from the Manhatten Project in the-1940s; therefore, architectural variety is limited. Vacancy rates in Anderson County are low, reflecting a scarcity of housing in the City of Oak Ridge caused by a lack of land developers, unfavorable tax climate, low turnover rate, and uncertainty in the local government (City of Oak Ridge,1985).
Fiscal Characteristics. Revenues, expenditures on public services, and the county and city tax effort and debt' structure will be discussed in the follcwing paragraphs.
Expenditures will indicate haw fiscal resources are divided, thus indicating what the community valies by a measure of financial outflows.
Counties. Each of the counties supplied between about ~
one-half and one-third of its operating revenues from its own sources (Tennessee Div. of Community Development, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c, 1985d, and 1985e). Between one-half and three-fourths of this locally supplied revenue came from property taxes and about 60 to 80% came from sales taxes and property taxes combined (D0E, 1985). Property tax revenues O. ranged from a low of $76 per capita in Roane County to $130 per capita in Morgan County.
4-34
Table 4.9.4. Personal income for the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs-five county area and the State of Tennessee a (Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1985)
Total Personal . Per Capita .
Income 1983 Personal Income County or Area (millions of $) (1983 $)
Anderson County $736 $10,769 Loudon County 292 9,697 Morgan County 105 6,093 Roane County 462 9,338 Knox County 3,355 10,368 Tennessee $44,580 $9,515
- a. Based on 1983 Bureau of Census, estimated population.
O i
e O
4-35 4
e Operating expenditures for each of the counties were less than operating revenues, with a majority of the differences accounted for by capital projects and transfer of funds to other governments. Excluding these other expenditures, Anderson and Morgan Counties had a surplus in fiscal year 1983; Loudon and Roane Counties had a deficit. Schools accounted for between 60% (Loudon County) and 68% (Anderson County) of total operating expenditures of county governments (Tennessee Div. of Community Development, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c, 1985d, and 1985e).
Cities. Local effective property tax rates (taxes as a proportion of estimated market value) varied from $0.89 per hundred dollars of estimated value in Kingston to $1.88 in Oak Ridge (Tennessee Div. of Community Development, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c, 1985d, and 1985e).
Because of the differences between jurisdictions in their appraisal and assessment of property, the effective rate is the best measure of relative tax effort. Part of the difference between property tax rates is accounted for by the fact that some of the cities have higher city or county sales tax rates. Differences in assessed value do not account for differences in tax rates. The highest assessed value per capita is in the City of Oak Ridge.
9 The cities and counties also varied in combined debt burden.
In Wartburg the burden per hundred dollars of assessed value was only $3.60 while in Lenoir City it was $46.30.
The City of Oliver Springs, within which the facility lies, had a 1984 property tax rate of $4.82 and a net direct debt of
$324,000 (Garrett, 1987).
Public Education. There is a fairly wide spread, both in expenditures per pupil and in student / teacher ratios, in the counties surrounding the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs.
Oak Ridge schools have the high'est service standards based on higher expenditures per student and have the lowest student-to-teacher ratios. Morgan County, on the other hand, has lower expenditures per student and higher student / teacher ratio. The Tennessee 1983-1984 average student / teacher ratio l was 18.5 and education expenditures averaged $1675 per student l in average daily attendance (Tennessee Dept. of Education, 1984).
Social service statistics are determined by
~
Public Welfare.
demographics, the economic conditions, eligibility, and funding levels of the various programs. Overall, the number of poor in the five county area is a smaller percentage of the population than in Tennessee as a whole. Morgan County is the exception, with nearly 22% of all families having incomes 9 below poverty levels (University of Tennessee, 1985).
4-36
/ Transfer payments per capita are.above the state average with the exception of Morgan County. The highest participation rate for food stamps is Morgan County with almost 20% of the population participating (University of Tennessee, 1985).
Health Care. There are 23 hospitals located within 80 km.(50
.mi) of the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs,. including short-term, long-term, emergency, and psychiatric care (PMC, 1975). Knox County has 3114 staffed hospital beds, 753 -
physicians, and 242 dentists to serve the East Tennessee area (DOE,1985). The medical treatment facilities closest to the.
plant will be those in Oak Ridge.
Law Enforcement and Fire Protection. Initiating operations of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will not create a large.
influx of workers into the area. The local labor force is sufficient to provide adequate management and technical personnel . It is, therefore, anticipated that' no increases in law enforcement and' fire protection personnel will be required.
Utilities. The AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will use the potable water, waste water, and solid waste systems provided for the Andy Justice Industrial Park.
Transportation Conditions. . State-Highway 62 is the main O thoroughfare providing access to the plant site. In general, the rural highway system around the A1ChemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs should be. adequate to handle the existing number of commuters.
O 4-37
- 5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 5.1 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will have a positive impact on local government and industrial development.
Estimated tax payments to Anderson County are $168,000 per year. Payments to the City of Oliver Springs are estimated to be $73,000 per year. Additionally, an estimated employment of 50 persons during full operation of the facility will result in a substantial increase of employment in the private sector in the immediate area. The estimated payroll at full production is $1,800,000 per year.
Exposure of the human environment will be minimal due to the small quantities of feedstock and operational controls established by A1ChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs. . Under routine operating conditions, no health threatening exposures would be expected; however, accidental releases could cause significant problems as discussed in Section 5.3. AlChemIE will develop a spill prevention plan that will address potential spills, waste disposal, and spill response mechanisms. A1ChemIE will also monitor the work environment to ensure containment of all potential release:.
i 5.2 EC0 LOGICAL ENVIRONMENT-Operations of A1ChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs should not directly produce measurable impacts on the environment. A monitoring and permit coupliance program will be initiated at the direction of the EPA and TDHE and be commensurate with the appropriate permitting requirements. Compliance with program requirements should result in minimizing the ecological and environmental impacts from facility discharges. 4 5.3 P0TENTIAL ACCIDENTS i Associated feedstock compounds, prof.cted production levels, and isotope products (that may be enriched by the centrifuge method) based upon current knowledge are listed in Table 5.3.1. In addition, Table 5.3.1 notes that many of the feedstock compounds are toxic and volatile. Consequently, the accidental release of feedstock materials to the atmosphere-must be considered.
Feedstock accidental releases would most likely occur during two identifiable operations: (1) centrifuge machine operation
- and (2) feed cylinder unloading from transporter.
Operating centrifuge machine accidents causing the destruction of an active machine would result in approximately 100 g of feedstock being released into the plant area. In addition,
]
O 1 i
1 5-1
O _
) _ _
p _ _
l m _ _
ae _ _
iT _ _
t _ _
nm eo t o _ _ )
oR) _ ) _ s P s _ s _ a t a _ a _ g d ag _ g _ (
r ( _ ( _
s ae _ _ c e zt e _ e _ i p aan _ n _ x o Ht o _ o _ o t SN _ N _ T o ( _ _
s _ _
i _ _
e _ _
l _
b _ _
a _ _
t _ _
e l _ _
k en _ _
r vo _ _
a ei _ _
m Lt _ _ r cr _ r _ y f d uy _ y _ /
o ed/ _ / _ g t o1 _ 1 _
s cr _ _ 0 c eP0 _ 0 _ 5 i j 0 _ 0 _ 7 t or3 _ 4 _ 2 i
s P
ro _
r _ _
e O
t _ _
c r _ _
a e _ _
r d _ _
a n _ _
h it s _ s _ s c l hb _ b _ b t ygl _ l _ l t eCi _ _
n N e1 _ 6 _ 6 a dW6 _ 9 _ 7 t e _ _ 1 r e _ _
o F _ _
p _ _
m _ _
I _ _
e _ _
l c _ 6 0 9 _ 9
. an 6 5 7 _ 9 9 1 4 8 8 9 0 7 _ 8 6 7 1 1 ra 4 7 5 5 9 3 _ 0 0 9 4 0 1 8 4 8 _ 0 4 8 6 9 7 7
. ud% . _ . _
3 t n 5 2 1 1 6 7 _ 0 0 0 6 4 1 6 0 8 _ 0 2 0 4 6 8 au 3 2 1 1 5 1 _ 2 2 2 1 _
5 Nb _ _
A _ _
e _ _
l _ _
b _ _
a f _ _
T ot _ _
s _ _
ee _ _
pr8 0 2 3 4 6 _ 4 6 8 9 0 1 2 4 6 _ 0 2 3 4 5 6 8 oe7 8 8 8 8 8 _ 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 _ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 tt _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 on _ _
sI _ _
I _ _
/ _ _
t _ _
n _ _
ed _ _
mn _ _
eu _ _
l o _ _
E p _ _
m O
d o _ _ 6 eC _ _ F e r _ e _ e F K _ X _ T y"*
O )
d
) i _ ) _ _ _
.u _ C _ _ _
pq _ _ _ _
l mi _ 8 _ _ _
ael _ _ _ _
i T _ 4 _ _ _
t e _ 4 _ _ _
nml _ _ _ _
eoi _ . _ _ _
t ot _ p _ _ _
oR a _ . _ _ _
P l _ ) b _ ) _ ) _
t o _ s _ s _ s _
d av _ a ,
_ a _ a _
r ( _ g d _ g _ g _
ae _ ( i _ ( _ ( _
zt c _ u _ _ _
aai _ e q _ e _ e _
Ht x _ n i _ n _ n _
S o _ o l _ o _ o _
(l _ N ( _ N _ N _
l _ _ _ _
en _ _ _ _
vo _ _ _ _
eir _ r _ r _ _
Lt y _ y _ y _ r _
c/ _ / _ / _ y _
) d ug _ g _ g _ / _
edk _ _ k _ 1 _
t t o _ 0 _ _ _
n cr0 _ 0 _ 0 _ 0 _
o eP0 _
0, _ 5 _ 0 _
c j 1 _ _ 9 _ 2 _
( or1 _ 3 _ _ _
ro _ 1 _ _ _
P _ _ _ _
1 O
3 r _ _ _ _
e _ _ _ _
5 d _ _ _ _ s n _ _ _ _ b e it s _ s s _ s _ s _ l l l hb _ b b _ b _ b _
b t ygl _ l l _ l _ l _ 1 a eCi _ _ _ _ 0 T N e1 _ 7 7 _ 6 _ 9 _ 1 dW3 _ 0 0 _ 7 _ 2 _ -
e 3 _ 1 2 _ _ _ 2 e _ _ _ _ 2 F _ _ _ _
e _ _ _ _
l c 6 _ 4 _ _ 7 3 _
an 4 2 4 3 2 0 5 _ 6 2 1 _ 3 7 _ 3 6 _ 9 0 ra 1 0 8 1 2 8 8 _ 0 7 2 0 _ 5 4 _ 3 0 6 _ 8 ud% . . _ _ _ _
t n 0 0 6 3 3 9 6 _ 5 0 4 0 _ 5 4 _ 0 0 9 _ 8 1 au 1 1 2 1 2 _ 9 _ 7 2 _ 9 _ 9 Nb _ _ _ _
A _ _ _ _
f _ _ _ _
ot _ _ _ _
s _ _ _ _
ee pr6 8 9 0 1 2 4 _ 2 3 4 6 _ 5 7 _ 6 8 0 _ 2 3 oe9 9 9 0 0 0 0 _ 3 3 3 3 _ 3 3 _ 3 3 4 _ 1 1 tt1 1 1 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _
on _ _ _ _
sI _ _ _ _
I _ _ _ _
/ _ _ _ _
t r _ _ _ _
n r r o _ _ _ _
- ed o _ _ _ _
mn 2 2 _ _ _ _
eu 2
)
- 2) )
2 2
_ _ _ _ x l o) _ _ _ _
E p 3 2F H _ r _ 1 _ _ 6 mH F H F _ _ C _ _ F 0 O d oC C C C F
eC(
e
(
g g g g H H H H
( (
_ F 0
_ S 5 6 3
_ F
_ C 3
_ r
_ A
_ H =
_ C 2
x pw
l ill' I U -
- )
- s
- a
) -
- - - s - g -
- - - a -
g -
( - )
) - - - - d
. - - - ( e - i p - - - _ l - l l m - - c t - c t - b - o ae - - i c ) - i c - a - s iT - - x u d - x u - z -
t - - o d i - o d - i - e nm eo
- T o u
- r q
- T o -
- r -- or l -
- i l
t o - - - P i - - P - t oR - - l -
- c n - y
- d - a P ) - ) - c n - l t s - s - i o e - i o - h - o da a - ag - r i l - r i - - v r g - - o t i - o t - - - (
ae ( - ( - h s t p u a
- h s _
- p u - c
- c zt - -
aa e - e - o b l - o b - i - i Ht n - n - r m o
- y o v
- ry om x o
- x
- o S o - o - _
(N - N - P C ( - P C - T - T l - - - - -
en - - - - -
vo - - - - -
ei - - - - -
Lt - - - r - r - r c - - r - y - y - y
) d u r - r - y - / - / - /
. ed y - y - / - g - g - g t t o / - / - g - - -
_ n cr 1 - 1 - k - 0 - 0 - 0
_ o eP - - - 0 - 0 - 0 c j 5 - 0 - 0 - 0, 1, -
3,
( or 7 - 1 - 0 - _ -
ro - - 0 - 0 - 0 - 6 P - - 1 - 5 - 2 - 2
- 2
~ 1 - - - - -
( U 3 r
e - - - - -
5 d - - - - -
n - - - - -
_ e it s - s s - s - s - s - s l lh b - b b - b - b - b - b b tyg l - l l - l - l - l - l
_ a eCi - - - - -
T H e 0 - 2 6 - 9 - 9 - 6 - 5 dW 2 - 3 7 - 4 - 6 - 7 - 0
_ e - - 1 - 2 - - 2
_ e - - - - -
F - - - - -
_ e 5 - 4 7 - - - -
l c 6 3 - 0 6 3 - 9 1 1 6 2 - 2 8 - 7 -
an 3 6 - 2 7 0 - 8 8 1 5 6 - 2 7 - 2 8 5 - 1 6 5 8 ra - - . - - 6 0 - 3 7 5 3 ud% 0 9 - 0 9 0 - 8 7 4 0 0 - 0 9 - 2 -
t n 9 - 9 - 4 2 1 - 8 1 - 9 4 3 - 4 3 9 2 au - - - - - 8 Nb - - - - -
A - - - -
f - - - - -
ot - - - _ -
_ s - - - - -
ee pr 5 4 - 8 6 7 - 4 6 7 8 0 - 1 0 8 9 0 - 0 2 3 4 oe 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 6 6 6 6 7 - 1 1 _ 2 2 3 - 5 5 5 5 tt - - - - -
on - - - - -
sI - - - - -
I - - - - -
/ - - - - -
t - - - - -
n - - - - -
ed - - - - -
mn eu
- 2 l o - - ) - - -
Ep - r - 3 - - - 2
- o
' G d o eC e
m 2
- O F 0
2 3
- H
- C
- n
(
- F 3
- F
- i 4
- F
- 0
- r 2
F N - C P - Z - B - S - C V'#
4 l iililllllll(! l(l ll
- _ _ _ s
_ ) _ _ a
) _ s _ ) _ g d _ a g
_ e _ (
)i _ _ l _
. u _ ( _ i _ e pq _ _ t _ l l mi _ c t _ a _ b ael _ i c _ l _ a iT _ x u _ o _ z t e _ o d _ v _ i nml _ T o _ _ l eoi _ r _ d _ o t ot _ - P _ i _ r oR a _ _ u _ d P l _ c n _ q _ y t o _ i o _ i _ h d av _ r i _ l _
r ( _ o t _ ( _ -
ae _ h s _ _
_ c zt c _ p u _ c
_ aai _ o b _ i _ i
_ r m x x Ht x _ _
_ o o
_ S o _ y o _
(T _ P C _ T _ T l _ _ _
en _ _ _
vo _ _ _
eir _ r _ r _ r Lt y _ y _ y _ y c/ _ / _ / _ /
) d ug _ g _ g _ g
. ed _ _ _
t t o0 _ 0 _ 0 _ 0 n cr0 _ 0 _ 5 _ 0 o eP1 _
0, _
7, _
7, c j , _ _ _
( or5 _ 0 _ 5 _ 5 ro7 _ 5 _ _
P _ _ _
1 _ _ _
(C 3 r _ _ _
_ e _ _ _
_ 5 d _ s
- _ _ c n _ b _ _ i )
_ e its _ s l _ s _ s r ) s d
_ l l hb _ b _ b _ b t e e b i b t ygl _ l 1 _ l _ l a h r l u a eCi _ .
- _ _ p u q T N e6 _ 9 8 _ 2 _ 8 s s s 6 i dW5 _ 4 2 _ 4 _ 0 a o s 6 l e 1 _ 1 I _ 1 _ 1 g m e 2 (
e _ _ _ ( t r
_ F _ _ _ a p
_ e
_ 4 l c 4 8 7 1 _ 2 8 _ 7 5 8 0 _ 5 7 7 4 4 an 8 6 1 3 _ 2 7 _ 2 1 2 6 9 _ 5 3 6 7 6
_ ra . _ _ . _
_ ud%5 1 2 0 _ 0 9 _ 8 6 1 3 0 _ 0 7 7 6 7
_ t n 9 _ 8 1 _ 6 2 _ 2 2 3 au _ _ _
Nb _ _ _
_ A _
f _ _ _
ot _ _ _
s _ _ _
ee _ _
_ 8 0 pr4 6 7 8 _ 1 0 1 2 4 _ 0 2 3 4 6 oe5 5 5 5 _ 1 1 _ 5 6 6 6 6 _ 7 7 7 7 7 tt _ _ _
on _ _ _
sI _ _ _
I _ _ _
/ _ _ _
t _ _ _
n _ _ _
_ ed _ _ _
_ mn _ ' _ _
_ eu _ I _ _
l o 5 _ 2 _ 4 _
_ E p) _ ) _ ) _
_ mO _ 3 _ O _
d oC _ I H _ C _ 4 O
eC( _ 3 2C _ ( _ F e e _ F F ( _ i _ e F B B B _ N F _ G m*
^
f s _ - _ _
a _ - _ _
g _ - _ _
( _ - _ _
) _ - _ _
.e _ - e _ _ e pl _ - l _ _ l l mb _ - b _ _ b aea _ - a ) _ _ a iTz _ - z d _ _ z d t i _ - i i _ _ i i nml _ - l u _ _ l o q eoo _ - o q _ _
t or _ - r i _ _ r i oRd _ - d l _ _ d P y _ ) - y _ ) _ y th _ s - h e _ s _ h d a _ a - l _ a _
r - _ g - - i _ g _ - i t (
ae _ ( -
- c a
_ c a zt c _
aai _ e - i l _ e _ i Ht x _ n - x o _ n _ x o S o _ o - o v _ o _ o v (T _ N - T ( _ N _ T l _ - _ _
en _ - _ _
vo _
r ei _
Lt _ y - _ _
c _ / - _ r _ r
) d ur _ g - r _ y _ y
. ed y _ - y _ / _ /
t t o/ _ 0 - / _ 1 _ g n crg _ 0 - g _ _
_ 0 3 o
c j eP 1
0, -
- 4 _ 5
( or _ 2 - _ 4 _ 4 ro _ 0 - _ _
P _ 2 - _ _
1 _ - _ _
3Ug 3
5 d r
e n _ - _ _
e it s _ s - s _ s _ s l l hb _ b - b _ b _ b b t y gl _ l - l _ l _ l a eCi _ - _ _
_ 6 T N e1 _ 9 - 8 _ 5 dW4 _ 0 - 1 _ 1 _ 8 e 1 _ 1 . 2 _ _ 1 e _ _ _ _
F _ _ _ _
e _ - 6 _ 7 2 5 2 5 5 l c 7 2 8 2 2 9 _ 9 1 - 2 1 8 4 4 _ _
an 8 0 5 5 8 1 _ 6 3 - 1 3 2 6 6 _ 9 2 8 _ 9 7 ra . . _ - . _ _
ud%0 9 7 3 9 9 _ 0 9 - 0 6 4 0 8 _ 0 0 8 _ 7 7 3 5 5 t n 2 4 _ 5 4 - 2 1 3 2 _ 9 _
au _ - _ _
Nb _ - _ _
A _ - _ _
f _ _ _ _
ot _ - _ _
s _ - _ _
ee _ - _
_ 0 1 2 6 7 pr4 6 7 8 0 2 _ 9 1 - 0 2 3 4 6 _
oe7 7 7 7 8 8 _ 7 8 - 8 8 8 8 8 _ 2 2 2 _ 4 4 tt _ - 1 1 1 1 1 _ _
on _ - _
sI _ _
I _ - _ _
/ _ - _ _
t _ - _ _
n _ - _ _
ed _ - _ _
mn _ - _ _
eu _ -
l o _ _
E p _ - _ _
/ m _ r - _ _ 4 d o 6 _ B - _ _ l QL F eCF e
S e
_ F
_ C 3 -
- W F
6 _
_ N e
_ C
_ i
_ T u.
4 l
ll
_ _ _ ) _
_ _ _ s _
_ _ _ a g _
) _ _ _
.e _ _ e _ ( _ e pl _ _ l _ _ l l mb _ c t _ b _ c t _ b aea ) _ i c ) _ a ) _ i c _ a iTz d _ x u d _ z d _ x u _ z )
t - i i _ o d i _ i i _ o d _ i d nml u _ T o u _ l u _ T o _ l i eoo q _ r q _ o q _ r _ o l t or i _ - P i _ r i _ - P _ r o oRd l _ l _ d l _ _ d s P y _ c n _ y _ c n _ y th e _ i o e _ h e _ i o _ h e d a l _ r i l _ l _ r i _ l r - i _ o t i _ - i _ o t _ - i t
ae t _ h s t p u a _ c a
_ t _ h s _
p u _ c a zt c a _ _
aai l _ o b l _ i l _ o b _ i l Ht x o _ r m o _ x o _ r m _
y o _
x o o v S o v _ y o v _ o v( _
(" ( _ P C ( _ T _ P C _ T {
l _ _ _ _
en _ _ _ _
vo _ _ _ _
eir _ r _ r _ _
Lt y _ y _ y _ _
c/ _ / _ / _ _
_ ) d ug _ g _ g _ r _ r
_ . ed _ _ _ y _ y
_ t t o0 _ 0 _ 0 _ / _ /
n cr1 _ 0 _ 0 _ g _ g o 5, 0,
_ eP0 _ _ _ _
c j _ _ _ I _ 5
( or0 _ 1 _ 0 _ _ 1 ro _ _ 7 _ _
_ P _ _ _ _
1 _ _ _ _
_ 3 r _ _ _ _
e _ _ _ _
5 d _ _ _ _
n _ _ _ _
_ e it s _ s _ s _ s _ s s l l hb _ b _ b _ b _ b b b t ygl _ l _ l _ l _ l l
_ a eCi _ _ _ _
_ 5 9 0 T N e5 _ 2 _ 1 _
_ dW3 _ 0 _ 7 _ 9 _ 3 3 e
2 _ 1 _ 2 _ _ 5 5 e _ _ _ : _
_ F _ _ _ _
e _ _ _ _ 8 - .
_ l c 4 6 _ _ 6 2 0 0 5 5 2 _ 5 5 _ 1 9 4
_ an 2 7 _ 2 8 _ 8 1 7 5 4 7 6 _ 2 7 _ 0 5 6 3
_ ra . _ _ . _ _
ud%0 9 _ 0 9 _ 5 9 5 6 9 3 9 _ 7 2 _ 0 1 1 3 6
_ t n 9 _ 6 3 _ 1 1 1 2 _ 5 4 _
_ au _
_ Nb _ _ _ _
A _ _ _ _
f _ _ _ _
ot _ _ _ _
s _ _ _ _
ee _ _ _ _
pr0 1 _ 9 1 _ 2 4 5 6 7 8 0 _ 1 3 _ 4 6 7 8 9 0 oe5 5 _ 6 7 _ 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 _ 2 2 _ 8 8 8 8 8 9 tt _ _ 1 _ 1 1 _ 1 1 1 on _ _ _
sI _ _ _ _
I _ _ _ _
_ / _ _ _ _
t
_ n ed _ _ _ _
mn _ _ _ _
eu _
}
3 _ _ _
l o _ _ _ _
E p _ 3 _ _ _
-m _ H
_ C 6
3 6
4 d o- _ _ _
eC 5 _ ( _ F _ H _ F 0 e F _ a _ o _ b _ s s F V _ G _ M _ S _ O O-et"' -
J
V -
- s u d b i -
) -
)
_ )
- ) _
_ o q m u d - d
- i
) - d _ i
. e i C i _ u - u q
pl _ l _ l _ q l mb _ o _ c - i _ i aea _ s - i e l _ l i T z ) _ - x l _ -
t i d _ e - o i _ e - e nml i l - T t _ l - l eoo l _ i t
_ a _ i t
- i
_ t t or o - _ - l -
oRd s a _ o - a _ a P y _ l _ c v - l l th e o i ( - o _ o d a l _ v _ r _ v - v r _ i _ ( o t - ( - (
ae t _ _ h c -
zt c a _ c - p u - c _ c aai l - i - o d - i - i Ht x o - x r o - x - x S o v o _ y r o - o (T ( _ T - P P _ T - T l - - -
en _- - - -
vo _ _ _
ei - _ -
Lt r - r - r - r _ r cy _ y _ y - y - y
) d u/ - / - / - / /
. ed g - g - g - g _ g t t o - _ - _
n cr5 - I _ 0 - 5 2 o eP1 _ 8 - 5 _
c j _ - 1 - -
( or _ _ a -
ro _ - -
P - _ - _
1 - - -
V 3 5 d r
e n _ - - -
e it s _ - s - s - s l l hb _ - b b b b t y gl _ - l _ l _ l a eCi - - _ -
T N e8 - ? - 7 - 5 - 3 dW4 - - 9 1 - 7 e 6 - - _ 2 1 e - - _ _
F - - -
e - 2 - - _
l c _ 1 8 - 2 8 - 7 6 2 5 _ 1 7 an 5 5 - 0 7 8 7 _ 5 4 - 3 2 8 5 - 5 8 7 6 1 6 ra - _ -
- 5 1 2 2 7 ud%8 1 - 0 0 2 3 _ 9 0 - 1 6 0 1 1 t n 3 6 - 3 3 _ 2 7 - 2 2 5 - 1 1 1 3 au _ _ - -
Nb - - _ -
A - - -
f _ _ _ _
ot _ _ _ _
s - _ - _
ee - _ - _
6 8 9 0 1 2 4 pr1 3 - 0 2 4 5 - 3 5 - 4 6 7 8 _
oe9 9 - 9 9 9 9 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 _ 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 tt1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 _ 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 _ 1 1 1 on - -
sI _ - -
I _ - _ -
/ - - - -
t - - - -
n - - -
ed - _ -
mn - 3 _ ._
eu _ }
)
3 -
)
4 _
l o - 3 _ - - 4 E p - H _ 3 3 _ )
m - C - H _ H - O d o 6 _ P C _ C - C
.V F eCF e
I r
- P
(
t
(
1 T
(
b P
- R
(
u 7m
_ s d _ s
_ u i _ u
) _ b u _ b d _ m q _ m
)i _ o i _ o
. u _ C l _ C pq _ _
l mi _ c e _ c ael _ i l _ i iT _ x i _ x t e _ o t _ o nml _ T a _ T )
eoi _ l _
t ot _ - o _ - s oR a _ v _ a P l _ c ( _ c (
g t o _ i -
_ i d av _ r s _ r r ( _ o t _ o t ae _ h c _ h c zt c _ p u _ p u aai _ o d _ o d Ht x _ r o _ r o S o _ y r _ y r (T _ P P _ P P l _ _
_ en _ _
vor eiy
_ r
_ ry
_ Lt/ _ y _
_ cg _ / _ /
_ ) d u _ g _ g
. ed0 _ _
t t o0 _ 2 _ 8 n cr1 _ _ 1 o eP , _ 0 _
_ c j 5 _ _
_ ( or _ _
_ ro _ _
P 1 _ _
3 r _ _
e _ _
5 d _ _
n _ _
e it s _ s _ s
_ l l hb _ b _ b b t ygl _ l _ l a
eCi _ _
T H e4 _ 9 _ 0 dW0 _ 6 _ 9 e 1 _ 1 _
e _ _
F _ _
e 5 5 _ - '
5 5 4 4 7 1 6 7 1 8 l c 1 7 3 5 7 6 6 8 _ 3 7 _
an 2 6 3 7 0 2 8 7 _ 2 7 _ 9 6 7 2 5 0 5 9 7 9 ra _ _ .
ud%1 0 2 2 2 2 81 7 _ 4 5 _ 0 0 0 4 7 4 8 2 4 5 t n 1 1 1 2 _ 9 _ '- 1 2 3 au
~
Nb _ _
A _ _
f _ _
ot _ _
s _ _
ee pr6 8 0 1 2 3 4 6 _ 3 5 _ 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 4 oe0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 tt1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 on _
sI _
I _ _
/ _ _
t _ _
n _ _
ed _ _
mn eu 2
_ 3 l o) _ ) _
E p 3 _ 3 _
mH _ H _
d oC _ C _ 4 eC( _ ( _ H s e d _ r _ n F C _ I _ S p*
0
(C _
) _
p _
l me _ e )
ael _ l iTb ) _ b d t a d _ a i nmz i _ z u q
eoi l _ i t ol o _ l i oR o s _ o l P r _ r td e _ d e d ay l _ yl r h i _ h i ae t _ t zt c a _ c a aai l _ i l Ht x o _ x o S o v _ o v (T ( _ T (
l _
en _
_ vo _
_ eir _ r Lt y _ y
_ c/ _ /
_ ) d ug _ g
_ m ed m t t o _
n cr0 _ 0 o eP5 _ 0
_ c j _ 1
( or _
_ ro _
P 1 _
V 3 r _
e _
5 d _
n _
e i t s _ s
_ l l hb _ b
_ b t ygl _ l
_ a eCi _
T N e2 _ 5 dW1 _ 6 e 5 _ 6 e _
_ F _
3 _
e 2 8 _
l c 1 8 _
an 0 9 _ 5 5 ra _
ud%0 9 _ 7 2 t n 9 _ 3 6 aa _
Nb _
A _
f _
ot _
s _
ee pr0 1 5 7 oe8 8 _ 8 8 tt1 1 _ 1 1 on _
_ sI _
_ I _
/ _
t _
n _
ed _
mn
_ eu _
_ l o _
) E p m
, C d o 5 F
eCF e
T a
_ F
_ R e
6 Y'%
the rupture of associated piping would result in additional O small quantities of feedstock being released into the plant a rea. Feedstock releases to the atmosphere from machine accidents are considered to be minimal and insignificant due to:the building containment precautions. AlChemIE will control accidental feedstock releases from machine operations within the plant area.
A1ChemIE considers that the worst case accident scenario will' be the rupture of a 150 kg (331 lb) feed cylinder of a mercury feedstock compound, listed in Table 5.3.1, on..the loading dock' of the main processing building. This worst case accident scenario was based on a weighted analysis of the 48 feedstock compounds with respect to toxicity, estimated annual feed quantity, and volatility. The results of this worst case scenario would be the immediate release of the contents of the feed cylinder to the atmosphere. The mercury compounds.are liquid at normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature, thus resulting in releases to the immediate ground surface as well as the atmosphere. . Since the mercury compounds are liquid, this will reduce-the amount released to the atmosphere because all field cylinder contents will not likely aerosolize. Probable impacts of this release would include:
(1) at least one fatality on site, and (2) exposure of the immediate' area to mercury contamination. These impacts could be mitigated by requiring proper protective clothing and O respirator, personnel safety training,.and an enclosed loading dock.
To further assess any potential accidents, AlchemIE has analyzed scenarios for uranium releases and nuclear criticality. The following discussion outlines the potential for both.
Uranium Release. The likelihood of a uranium release is ';
mitigated by the facts that: 1) the process normally operates under high vacuum conditions; therefore, given a breach in the ,
vacuum containment, there would not be a source to readily .!
expel the uranium-bearing material into the operating. ]
environment; 2) operational experience 'with materials other-than uranium indicate that the residual uranium contamination-is not readily transferrable so that, given a breach in the-vacuum containment, only a fraction of the residual uranium would be available to be released; and 3) in addition ' ,
approximately one-half of the 1500 centrifuge machines l obtained from DOE are not contaminated with uranium. The ' ]
uncontaminated machines will'be used first, thereby providing i many years of operation prior to using contaminated machines, i Finally, the service modules and associated piping obtained
]
from DOE are not contaminated.
O !
1 5-11
Nuclear Criticality. As discussed in the Preliminary Safety
()
/^x Analysis Report (PSAR) for the AlChemie Facility 2 - Oliver Springs (H&R,1987), it is estimated that each machine contains 82 31 g of uranium at an average assay of 2.9%.
This amount of uranium is insufficient to form a critical mass under the most optimum conditions of full modulation and reflection (Paxton and Pruvost,1986). Therefore, nuclear criticality in a centrifuge is not a credible event.
Adverse health effects to the general population outside of the facility as a result of the centrifuge operation are considered minimal. Health effects, including increased cancer risk, have been studied at the DOE ORGDP since the 1940s(MMES,1986).
1 O V
V 1
l 5-12
x ,
f, i. . F, /., :
\ '
h "j ,) g f3
, _. y' ..
}
,9 ,.
, -}i \
r h
, /
p 6. OhAVOIDABl.E AD'!ERSE'64URONMPlTAL IMPACTS LJ Impacts roiated diree.d/ t.evN.c iperation of A1ChemlE Fav,lity 2 -
s-Oliver Springs for tiv pr%.;qion of non-uranium, non-fissile isotopes are those asscfiatsd,yt+h on-site construction. ,.
1, , i .t However,impactsrelatedindirectlytot@tionofnon-uraniue, Facility 2 - Olives Springs for thi produc operation of A\C ,
non-fissile isotopes tre expected'to be essocia'ri t with electrical ;
power prodoction, aasde water-treu, Gent, solid waste disposals classified technology, 'end low level rtJioactive waste disposi,i. - .
j j <}
f L i
i ,,
' i , p'tk)' ' > eb
/ ,' ' -
Y, 7
/- ( g.- ;
r y, c
s >
f% ! #
-l l
, {.
,'\ , L.
- (,
/ ,k 8-
) 7 l
- e. '. 1 '
\ y l ,
r' , .i (f
7
[ ,
i,
, ,;' y. #
( , I' f (3 "p - > r. , ' ?;
l ff e +
,j s
1 k /
t
( .,, , h, \
l ./ Pi >,.
4, " , '
> 1 ,
s u.
tg. <
t
/ )
's' :/
).s, y,(
s 1(
, }
m 6-1 ) ,.
[ -
t 4
I x3. . +
__ _ _ li(ll t
.. P
,.! gi i y
s y
,1 i) ri g I p ij u ,,
3, 4
fm 7. IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMI M NTS OT 9ESOURCES
.t Abiotic Resources. The land on which the AlChemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs.will stand will be, neither irrevehibly 'nor. y
- irretrievably committed. Recovery of this ladd for reuse decommissioning of the facilHy is prjmarily a'.raatter bnomic of d;afterh 4
- s. ., . %.
Water committed' cto the'fecility will be unavailable for.use by -
,- K ~ ,
other customers-in the-area. g
, < > ., L;[
AlChemIE: Facility 2 - Oliver Springs will replace' worn-out and o g ' .ll" broken equipment and will consume other materials during ' normal $
operations. . All scrap metal will be recovereh and radioactively " , y' contaminated metal.will be stored in anticipa.non' of ultimate recovery or disposed of in a classified barial ground. Other #. t""
~
c; materials to (v3 consumed will include: '(1) gasol.ine and fuel used primarily for transportation, (2) lubrication oil and fluar'ocarbon coolants that'may be lost from plant systems, (3) chemicait us'e d @
u ter treatment, and (4) some' process feed materials. 7
'N <
Coal, oil, and uranium'used to generate electricity; will be' irreversibly committed.- o Biotic Resources. The human resources used in operatting and' 1) maintaining AlChemIE Facility 2 .0Hver Springs' vill be irretrievably expended. Gaseous and Tiquid' effluents will be = '
discharged from the facility, but the concentration ~ of pollutants
(^.'s) in the air and water outside the plant boundary are not expected' to exceed minimum concentrations- that are known to be harmful to '
biota. %,
a No rare or endangered terrestrial plant and animal species 'are %; "
- known to occur near the plant. 7 i '
> .k ;< q
,{ L'.
O)
)
N. , . .
lT
- 7 3' n w i 6 .,
d '. \ ,p 1,
I
'l
< >l, n
kh Y \ s
\' rI s
g I 7-1 e .
n
'3 S(F '
.s. 4
- 8. RELATIONSHIP 0F LAND-USE PLANS, POLICIES, AND CONTROLS AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs does not conflict with current local or state land-use plans and policies.
n lt f
h.
\.
s v
i a
1 P
(*
8-1
~~ a.
)
sf
/' 9. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHORT-TERM USES OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND
\_% LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY li There will be a significant local social and economic benefit to the surrounding communities from the operation of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs. The estimated payroll at full operation is
$1,800,000 per year. Increases to the tax bases of Anderson County I and Oliver Springs are estimated to be $168,000 and $73,000, d I respectively, per year. Additional. increases to state and local sales tax revenues will also be generated.
l These funds will be utilized to support community services, state and local government services, and businesses.
There are no identified direct adverse relationships between the short-term uses of the environment and long-term productivity j related to the operation of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs. ;
Indirect adverse relationships of the facility have not been l identified. !
()
~_.
l l
Y l
i l
f 3 9-1
- _ - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ _ _ _ _ - . - _ _ . - - - _ = _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ .
- 10. TRADE-0FF Al4ALYSIS The impacts associated with the operation of AlChemIE Facility 2 -
Oliver Springs are environmental whereas the major benefits are socioeconomic.
An evaluation of impacts identified no significant threat to human life. No intrusion of toxic materials into the human food chain was evident, and harm to local wild animals, birds, plants, or aquatic life is expected to be confined to impacts attributable to the construction of AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs.
O
+
d 10-1 m
- 11. LIST OF PREPARERS (7 NAME PROJECT RESPONSIBILITY EDUCATION LJ ALCHEMIE Dennis L. Bell Chief Executive Officer B.S., Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
,l A. Andrew Carey Technical Director Ph.D. , Chemistry, M.S. Chemistry; Ohio ,
State University; i B.S., Chemistry, i Notre Dame William A. Pfeifer Director of Special Projects M.S., Energy Conversion, B.S. ,
Mechanical Engineering; Washington University NAME PROJECT RESPONSIBILITY EDUCATION i ENGINEERING, DESIGN, AND GEOSCIENCES GROUP, INC. - PRIME CONTRACTOR Dwight C. Flynn Senior Project Manager M.S., Wildlife and Fisheries Science; ;
B.S. , Forestry; )'
University of Tennessee.
Knoxville Monte C. Mcdonald Ecologist B.S. , Forestry; Graduate Studies, Wildlife and Fisheries Science; University of Tennessee, Knoxville J. Thomas Kitchings Senior Ecologist M.S. , Ecology; New Mexico Highlands University; B.S.,
Biology, Centre College Jane Tate Ecologist Ph.D. , Ecology; B.S., Psychology; University of Tennessee, '
Knoxville Basil A. Skelton, P.E. Environmental Engineer M.S., Civil Engineering; B.S., Civil Engineering; Tennessee Tech University n
b Greg Ackerman Graphics Architectural Drafting Sarasota County Vocational School 11-1
/~N NAME PROJECT RESPONSIBILITY EDUCATI5N H & R TECHNICAL ASSOCIATES, INC. - CONTRIBUTORS Ann H. Hansen, P.E. Safety Analysis M.S., Nuclear Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University; M.S. ,
Physics, Virginia Polytechnical University; B.S., Math and Physics, Florida Southern College '
(
l l
l
. b 4
/
V 11-2 l
i I
- 12. REFERENCES CITED Burgoss, Shirley.1987. Personal communication on April 30, 1987.
American Museum of Science Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
City of Oak Ridge Comprehensive Plan (Draft). April 8,1985. :
Elliott, Howard. 1987. Personal communication on October 8, 1987.
City Administrator, Oliver Springs, Tennessee.
Fielder, J. F. , Jr.1974. Archaeological Survey with Emphasis on Prehistoric Sites of the Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
ORNL/TM-4694. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Garrett, Trudy. 1987. Personal communication on October. 19, 1987.
Research Specialist. East Tennessee Development District. Knoxville, Tennessee.
1 Haase, C. S., E. C. Walls, and C. D. Farmer. 1985. Stratigraphic and Structural Data for the Conasauga Group and the Rome Formation on the Cooper Creek Fault Block Near Oak Ridge, Tennessee: Preliminary Results:
From Test Borehole ORNL-J0Y No. 2. ORNL/TM-9159, Oak Ridge National:
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. )
H&R Technical Associates, Inc.-(H&R). 1987. Preliminary Safety l Analysis Report for the AlChemIE Facility 2 - Oliver Springs. Oak I
, Ridge, Tennessee.
Harris, J.1987. Personal Communication June 3,1987. Director Michael Dunn Rehabilitation Center.
Holzworth, G. C. 1972. Mixing Heights, Wind Speeds, and Potential for ,
Urban Air Pollution Throughout the Contiguous United States. AP-101. 4 Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Loar, J. M. , e c al .1981. Ecological Studies in the Vicinity of the 0'ak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant. ORNL/TM-6714. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tennessee. -
Mann, C. F. 1963. The Geology of the Oliver Springs Area, Roane and Anderson Counties, Tennessee. Master of Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. !
Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (MMES). 1986. Environmental 3 Surveillance of the Oak Ridge Reservation and-Surrounding Environs i During 1985. ORNL-6271. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, ~
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).. 1965-1985. Local Climatological Data for Oak Ridge, Tennessee. U. S. Department of Commerce.
O 1
1 12-1
Paxton, H.C 1986. " Critical Dimensions of Systems 235 and$9.Pruvogj3 L
Containing U, 2 Pu, and U, 1986 Revision," LA-10860-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.
Petrich, C. H., et al.1984. Geography, Demography, Topography, and Soils. ORNL-6026/V7. Oak Ridge Re;ervation, Oak Ridge Tennessee.
Project Management Corporation (PMC).1975. Clinch River Breeder Rea: tor Plant Environmental Report. Vol. I-II (Amendments III-XIII through 1982). Docket 50537.2. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington,-
D.C.
Project Management Corporation (PMC) and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).1975. Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project, Environmental Report.
Docket No. 50-537.
Rodgers, J. 1953. Geologic Map of East Tennessee With Explanatory Text; Bulletin 58, Part II - State of Tennessee, Department of Conversation, Division of Geology.
Rothschild, E.R. 1984. Hydrology. ORNL-6026/V10. Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).1985.
Socioeconomic Assessment: Partial Closure of the Oak Ridge Uranium e Enrichment Faci.lity, Final Report. DOE /0R/20837-T7. .U. S. Department of I Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
State of Tennessee. 1974. Tennessee Statistical Abstract'1974.
Teal, David. 1987. Personal communication on October 13, 1987.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Department of Education. 1984. Annual Statistical Report of the Department of Education for the Scholastic Year Ending June 30, 1984. State of Tennessee Department of. Education, Nashville, Tennessee.
' Tennessee Department of Employment Security.1984. Annual Averages:
Tennessee Labor Force Estimates 1979-1983. Nashville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Department of Employment Security. 1987. CPS Labor Force Estimates Sumary. Knoxville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Division of Community Development. 1985a. Anderson County.
Profile. Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development, '
Nashville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Division of Community Development.1985b. Knox County Profile.
Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development, Nashville, Tennessee.
O 12-2
Tennessee Division of Community Development. 1985c. Loudon County Profile. Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development, Nashville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Division of Community Development. 1985d. Morgan County Profile. Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development, Nashville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Division of Community Development. 1985e. Roane County Profile. Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development, Nashville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Division of Comunity Development.1983. Tennessee Community Data. Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development, Nashville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).1959. Floods on the Clinch River and East Fork Poplar Creek in the Vicinity of Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Report 0-5922. Division of Water Control Planning, Vnoxville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).1968. Extension of Flood Study on East Fork Poplar Creek Upstream from Mile 12.4 to Mile 14.06. Suppl. No. I to Floods on the Clinch River and East Fork Poplar Creek in the Vicinity of Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Knoxville, Tennessee.
Tennessee Valley Authority. 1985a. Sediment Characterization, Task 2, 9 Instream Contaminant Study, Appendices. Prepared by the Office of Natural Resources and Economic Development for the U. S. Department of Energy, Agreement No. DE-AIO5-840R21444.
Tennessee Valley Authority. 1985b. Fish Sampling and Analysis, Task 4, Instream Contaminant Study. Prepared by the Office of Natural Resources ;
and Economic Development for the U. S. Department of Energy, Agreement ,
No. DE-AIO5-840R21444. i Union Carbide Corporation.1979. Environmental Assessment of the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant Site. DOE /EA-0106. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. -
U. S. Department of Commerce.1983. County and City Data Book. Bureau of the Census.
U. S. Department of Commerce.1982. County Level Projections of Economic Activity and Population. Bureau of Economic Analysis.
U. S. Department of Commerce.1985. County and Metropolitan Area Personal Income, 1981-1983. Survey of Current Business. 65(5): 41-99. -
U. S. Department of Energy (DOE).1985. Environmental Assessment for a Monitored Retrievable Storage Facility. Vol. 2 of Monitored Retrievable Storage Submission to Congress. DOE /RW-0035.
O 12-3
U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.1976. The O. National Register of Historic Places 1976. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
University of Tennessee. 1983. Tennessee Statistical abstract 1983/84.
Center for Business and Economic Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
University of Tennessee.1985. Tennessee Statistical Abstract 1985/86.
Center of Business and Economic Research, University of_ Tennessee, Knoxville Tennessee.
Webster, D. A.1976. A Review of Hydrologic Conditions.Related to the-Radioactive Solid-Waste Burial Grounds at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Open-file Report 76-727. U. S. Geological Survey.
O f
s e -
0 12-4
G APPENDICES O
O
O APPENDIX A-NPDES PERMIT O
O O .
O i 1
l
-)
APPENDIX B 1 i
ALCHEMIE/ DOE AGREEMENT O
)
O ,
I
.)
O APPENDIX C REGULATORY AGENCY RESPONSES l
l O
l l
l O
C-__-._____--___ __. -
]
l
. United States Department of the Interior f
o , j2 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Post Office Box 845 Cookeville, TN 38501 June 11, 1987 Mr. Owight C. Flynn Senior Project Manger MCI Consulting Engineers, Inc.
l- 10628 Dutchtown Road P. O. Box 23010 Knoxville, TN 37933-1010 Re: All Chemical Isotope Enrichment, Inc. (A1ChemIE) Gas Centrifuge Stable Isotope Enrichment Facility Anderson Co., TN l
Dear Sir:
l
( The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has reviewed the material provided dated May 26, 1987, concerning the above facility.
Adverse impacts to fish and wildlife resources could result from implementation of this proposal; however, due to manpower and funding limitations we cannot at this time provide significant comments.
Thank you for the opportunity for review and comment.
Sincerely, ,
__. lfhW ;
David R. Parsons Acting Field Supervisor DRP/bb O ,
i
% j u_ >
TENNESSEE HISTORICAL COMMISSION DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION 701 BROADWAY NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 37219 5237 615/742 6716 June 16, 1987 Dwight C. Flynn MCI Consulting Engineers P. O. Box 23010 Knoxville, Tennessee 37933-1010 Re: All Chemical Isotope Enrichment Stable Isotope Enrichment Facility, Oliver Springs, Anderson County
Dear Mr. Flynn:
The above-referenced undertaking has been reviewed with re-gard to National Historic Preservation'Act compliance by the participating federal agency or its designated representa-tive. Procedures for implementing Section 106 of-the Act are codified at 36 CFR 800 (51 FR 31115, September 2, 1986).
Based on available information, it is our opinion that, due to the location and size of the area of potential effects and the scope and nature of the undertaking, the proposed project will have no effect on National Register or eligible properties. Therefore, unless project plans are. changed or National Register-eligible properties are discovered during project implementation, no additional action is necessary to comply with the Act. -
The applicant or federal agency should keep this letter as evidence of compliance with Section 106. Questions or com-ments should be directed to Joe Garrison (615)742-6720.
Your cooperation is appreciated.
Sincerely, Herbert L. Harper .
Executive Director and Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer HLH:mb
)_1U 1, Y 11 A \
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY NASHVILLE DISTRICT, CORPS CF ENGINEERS d P.O. BOX 1Q70 JW 11 W N ASHVILLE. TENNESSEE 37202*1070 June 10, 1987 g, g, j, Regulatory Branch
SUBJECT:
A11 Chemical Isotope Enrichment, Inc. (A1ChemIE) Gas Centrifuge Stable Isotope Enrichment Facility Mr.. Dwight C. Flynn MCI Consulting Engineers, Inc.
P.O. Box 23010 Knoxville, Tennessee 37933-1010
Dear Mr. Flynn:
Thank you for your May 26, 1987 letter requesting our input.
with respect to permitting requirements of the Department of the Army for the subject proposal.
We have reviewed the location of the proposed facility and determined that this proposal would not impact wa t e rs of the United States over which the Corps of Engineers has regulatory jurisdiction. Therefore, no Department of the Army Permit will be required.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the subject activity. If you have further questions regarding our permit program, please let us know.
, h erely, j'ohn I. Case, J Chief, Eastern Regulatory Sectica Operations & Readiness Division 1
L______._.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _
~
....o 2.
nq RECEVD
'O 2 ! B87 STATE OF TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT M* C' !*
Dempster Buliding-Suite 200 305 Springdale Avenue, NW Knoxville, Tennessee 37917 5197 June 8, 1987 Mr. Dwight C. Flynn Senior Project Manager MCI Consulting Engineers, Inc.
10628 Dutchtown Road Box 23010 Knoxville, TN 37933-1010 Re: File No. 01-30000
Dear Mr. Flynn:
Please find enclosed a copy of the Division of Air Pollution Control, (m Chapter 1200-3-9, Construction and Operating Permits which you will need as guidance in applying for construction permits 'for the proposed All Chemical, Isotope Enrichment, Inc. , to be located in Anderson County. . Also enclosed please find copies of application forms needed.
If additional assistance is needed, please recontact this office at (615) 673-6035 or the Division's central engineering office at (615) 741-3931.
S i nce re l y ,
! ). .k V. N. MalIchis Envi ronmental Specialist Field Services Section Division of Ai r Pollution Cont rol VNM:dp cc: Division of Ai r Pollution Cont rol, .
Nashvi l le o
RECEIVED i;m TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION 701 BROADWAY NASWVLLE, TENPESSEE 372194237 AUGUST 27. 198/
MONTE C. MCDONALD MCI CONSULTING ENGINEERS. INC.
10628 UUTCHTOWN HD., P. D. box 23010 KNUXVILLE, TN 3/933-1010 RE: ALL CHMICAL ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT, INC. 6AS
, CENTRIFUGE STABLE ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT FACILITY
)
l DEAR MR. MCDONALD:
i
! IN RESPONSE TO YOUR LETTER CONCERNING THE ABovE, PLEASE I
BE ADVISED THAT THE DIVISION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICES DATA BASE PRESENTLY INDICATES NO RECORDED OCCURRENCES OF ANY THNEATENED, ENDANGERED, OR OTHERWISE RARE SPECIES OF PLANTS OR ANIMALS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF THE AREA IN QUESTION.
l
'}
} HOPE THIS INFORMATION WILL PROVE HELPFUL. IF YOU i NEED ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT ME I
Al b15//42-6552.
SINCEPELY, OBERTA . HYLTON ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW COORDINATOR UIVISION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICES REH: PT O
E-4
.