BECO-88-112, Semiannual Marine Ecology Rept 32,Jan-June 1988

Semiannual Marine Ecology Rept 32,Jan-June 1988

ML20195D710
Person / Time
Site:	Pilgrim
Issue date:	06/30/1988
From:	Richard Anderson, Bird R BOSTON EDISON CO.
To:	MASSACHUSETTS, COMMONWEALTH OF
References
BECO-88-112, NUDOCS 8811070118
Download: ML20195D710 (165)

Text

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I Summary II Introduction III Marine Biota Studies IIIA Marine Fisheries Mcnitorinq Semi-Annual Report on Monitoring to Assess Impact of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station on Marine Fisheries Resourcks of Western Cape Cod Bay, Project Report No. 45 (January - June 1988) (Mass. Dept.

of Fisheries, Hildlife and Environmental Law Enforcement; Olvision of Marine Fisheries)

Benthic Monitcrinj Benthic Algal and Fa"nal Monitoring at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, January 1988 -

June 1988 (Battello No England Marine Resea di Lab)

IIIC Entrainment Menito.ing Ichthyoplankton Entrainment Moni.oring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, January - June 1988 (Marine Researen, Inc.)

III0 Impingement Monitoring Impingement of Organisms at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station: January

- June 1988. (Bosten Edison Company)

IV Minutes of Meeting 69 of the Administrative-Tichnical Committee, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station li

SU W RY Highlights of the environmental surveillance and monitoring prograu results obtained over this reporting period (January - June 1988) are presented be-low (Note: PNPS was in an outage from January - June 1988 with virtually no thermal discharge present during this time frame, representing a control situation for data collection. For portions of the period, particularly in April and May, no circulating seawater pumps were operating).,

Marino Fisherles Monitoring:

1. Pelagic fish mean catch from January - June 1988 at the gill net sta-tion (315 fishes / set) decreased 14% from 1987 when 365.2 flthes/ set were taken. Atlantic herring (52%), pc11ock (26.5%) and cunner (8%)

made up 86% of the total catch. Striped bass and bluefish were sampled in much lower numbers than during operational years, p3ssibly due to a lack of an attracting thermal effluent.

2. Shrimp trawl catch from January - June 1988 recorded fif teen benthic fish species with winter flounder (41.7%), little skate (30.1%),

windowpane (14.7%) and yellowtati flounder (4.8%) composing 91% of the total. Mean catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for all species was lowest at the Intake Station (10.9) and 12,7 for all stations pooled in 1988 (three times less than in 1987). CPUE from January - June 1988 for commercially important winter flounder was lowest at the I-1

Intake Station. The smallest winter flounder recorded were sampled in the intake embayment.

3. Adult lobster sean monthly catch rate per pot haul in May - June 1988 was 0.35 lobsters (0.29 in 1987). This is comparable to the mean spring catch rate near Pilgrim Station over the last 18 years. The surveillance area (thermal plume) catch rate was 0.37 while the reference area (control) was 0.19; the same trend as 1986 and 1987 (outage years), but opposite 1985 when there was a thermal discharge.,

4. In May - June 1988 fish observational dive surveys six species were observed in the discharge area. Cunner (81%) were the most numerous species seen. No fish showed abnormal behavior and no gas bubble disease symptoms were observed on routine observational dives. Most fish were in greatest concentrations in the path of the PNPS discharge, being observed most often at station D.

i Blue mussel prollferation and alcal growth in the discharge canal, and outside of it, were dense because of the PNPS outage which commenced in early April 1986.

5. Sand lance spp, accounted for 73.7% of the June 1988 haul seine (shore zone) fish catch; Atlantic toscod 9.7%, winter flounder 6.8%,

with a total of ten species collected. Diversity was greatest at Long Point. CPUE was highest in the PNPS intake embayment where sand lance spp. were dominant.

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6. The June 1988 shorefront sportfish survey at Pilgrim Station recorded 90 angler-trips, mostly on weekends. The PNPS outage, which resulted in no thermal discharge to attract sportfish specits, reflected low catches of only two species, winter flounder and cunner.

7. The research lobster study commenced in June 1988 and recorded 0.25 adult lobsters (0.12 in 1987) per pot as a catch rate in 545 pot-hauls. The catch rate for adult lobsters was similar in surveillance and reference areas.

Imuingement Monitoring:

1. The mean January - June 1988 impingement collection rate was 0.30 fish /hr. The rate ranged from 0.04 fish /hr (June) to 1.13 fish /hr (March) with Atlantic silverside comprising 50.9% of tne catch, followed by winter flounder 8.8%, Atlantic tomcod 7.0%, and rainbow smelt 7.0%.

2. In March 1988, when the fish 1mpingement rate was 1.13, Atlantic sil-verside accounted for 80.0% of the fishes collected. Fish impingement rate was IX times higher than in 1987, but still relatively low because Pilgrim Station had much less circulating water pump capacity than normal.

3. The mean January - June 1988 invertebrate collection rate was 2.43/hr wtth polychaetes accounting for 31.5% and sand shrimp 30.9% of the catch. One American lobster was caught.

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4. Initial impinged fish survival at the end of the Pilgrim Station in-take sluicoway was 35.7% for static washes and 53.3% for continuous washes.

Benthic Honitoring:

1. Three new species of fauna were added to the list of sampled biota as a result of analysis of the March 1988 samples, bringing the total number of species to 469.

2. Species richness between the PNPS discharge and the Hanomet Point /

Rocky Point stations was notably different in March 1988, with the latter stations ranking highest.

3. Greatest faunal da 'st tles in March 1988 occurred at Manomet Point.

Faunal densities were also lower at the Effluent than at Rocky Point. A significant difference was found for both Hanomet Point and Rocky Point when compared to the Effluent. Changes in rank were not found among stations for density without mussels (Hvtilus edu11s).

4. There was some difference between pairs of stations for dominance patterns, with 6 of the 15 dominant species at each station not being shared. Species diversity was lowest at the Effluent Station and highest at Rocky Point.

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5. No additional algal species were encountered in the study area during March 1988. Algal community overlap was high (>801.) among all three station pairs, but community overlap values showed that the Effluent station was lower than the reference stations when compared to each other.

6. Total algal biomass was lower at Rocky Point than at the Hanomet Point and Effluent stations. Mean Chondrus blomass was much lower at the Effluent station than the other stations, and Phyllochora spp.

biomass was highest at Manomet Point and lowest at Rocky Point station.

7. March and June 1988 mappings of the near-shore acute impact zones were performed. A s.na;l decrease in the total near-fleid impact zone (stunted growth) 1s evident when comparing March and June 1988 results probably because of the continuing PNPS outage during this period and, more specifically, the minimal circulating seawater pumping capactty from March - June 1988.

Entrainment Monitoring:

1. A total of 34 species cf fish eggs and/or larvae were found in tne January - June 1988 entraird.ent collections.

2. Egg collections for January - April 1988 (winter-early spring spawning) were dominated by American plalce, fourbeard rockling and I-5

winter flounder. Hay and June (late spring - summer spawning) egg samples were most representative of Atlantic mackerel and labrids.

3. Larval collections for January - April 1988 were dominated by rock gunnel, sculpin, seasnail and sand lance. For May and June larvae, seasnall, winter flounder and mackerel dominated.

4. He lobster larvae were collected in the entratnment samples for January - June 1988.

5. In two cases high densttles of sculpin larvae almost required contingency sampling to be initiated. However, in both instances concentrations of the larvae quickly returned to average levels.

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INTR 000C?!ON A. Scope and Objective This is the thirty-second semi-annual report on the status and results of the Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring Program related to the operattor of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS). The monitoring programs discussed in this report relate specifically to tne Western Cape Cod Bay ecosystem -with particular emphasis on the Rocky Point area. This is the twentieth semi-annual report in accordance with the environmental monitoring and repSrting requirements of the PNPS Unit 1 NPOES Permit from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (#MA0003557) and Massachusetts Olvision of Water Pollution Control (#359). A multi-year (1969-1977) report incorporating marine fisheries, benthic, plankton /entrainment and impingement studies was submitted to the NRC in July 1978 as required by the PNPS Appendix B. Tech. Specs. Programs in thest areas have been contlaued under the PNPS NPDES permit. Amendment #67 (1983) to the PNPS Tech. Specs deleted Appendix 8 non-radiological water quality require-ments as the NRC felt they are covered in the NPOES Permit.

The objectives of the Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring Program are to determine whether the operation of PNPS resVlts in measurable ef-fects on the marine ecology and to evaluate the significance of any ob-served effects. If an effect of significance is detected, Boston Edt son Company has committed to take steps to correct or mitigate any adverse situation.

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These studies are guided by an Administrative-Technical Committee which was chatred by a member of the Mass. Division of Hater Pollution Control in 1988 and whose membership Includes representatives from the University of Massachusetts, the Mass. Olvt slon of Water Pollution Control, the Mass.

Olvision of Marine Fisherles, the Nationul Marine Fisheries Service (NCAA), the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, the U.S Environ-mental Protection Agency and Boston Edison Company. Copies of the Minutes of the Pilgrim Station Administrative-Technical Committee meetings held during this reporting period are included %n Section IV.

B. Marine Biota Studin

1. Marine Fisheries Monitoring A modified version of the marine fisherles mont*oring, initiated in 1981, is being conducted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF).

The occurrence and distribution of fish around Pilgrim Station and at sites outside the area of temperature increase are being monitored.

Pelagic species were samp'ed using gill net (1 station) collections (Figure 1) made at ,nonthly intervals. In 1981, shrimp trawling and haul setning were initiated which provide more PNPS impact-related sampling of benthic fish and shore zone fish, respectively. Shrimp trawling was done twice/ month at 4 stations (Figure 2) and haul setning weekly during June - November at S stations (Figure 1).

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Honitoring is conducted of local lobster stock catch statistics for areas in the proximity of Pilgrim Station (Figure 4). Catch statts-tics are collected. approximately btweekly throughout the fishing season (April-October).

A finfish observational dive program was initiated in June 1978.

SCUBA gear is utilized on btweekly dives from May-October (weekly mid-August to mid-September) at 6 stations (Figure 2) In the PNPS T

thermal plume area.

In 1987, an experimental, lobster pot trawl monitoring effort was initiated to eliminate any biases associated with the collection of lobster stock catch statistics for determining PNPS effects. Ten 5-pot lobster trawls were fished in the thermal plume and control areas around PNPS (Figure 3).

Results of the marine fisheries monitoring during the reporting period are presented in Section !!!A.

2. Benthic % nitoring The benthic monittering described in this report was conducted by Battelle New England Marine t. abs, Ouxbury Massachusetts.

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The benthic flora and fauna were sampled at three locations at depths of 10 feet (MLW) (Figure 1). Quantitative (rock substratum) samples were collected, and the dominant flora and fauna in each plot were recorded. Sampling was conducted two times per year (March and September) to determine blotic changes, if any. Transect sampling off the discharge canal to determine the e< tent of the denuded and stunted Zones is conducted four times a year (March, June, September and December). Results of the benthic surveys reported during this period are discussed in Section IIIB.

3. Plankton Monitoring Marine Research, Inc. (MRI) of Falmouth, Massachusetts, has been monitoring entrainment in Pilgrim Station cooling water of fish eggs and larvae, and lobster larvae (from 1973-1975 phytoplankton and zooplankton were also studied). Figure 5 shows the entrainment contingency sampling station locations. Information generated l

through these studies has been utilized to make periodic rrcdifications in the sampling program to more efficiently address the question of the effect of entrainment. These modifications have been developed by the contractor, and reviewed and approved by the Pilgrim A-T Ccemittee on the basis of the program results. Plankton monitoring in 1988 emphasized considerat1Cn of ichthyoplankten entrainment. Results of the ichthyoplankton entrainment monitoring for thi reporting period are discussed in Section IIIC.

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4. Imoincemen? Monitoring The Pilgrim I irrpingement monitoring and survival program speclates, quantifies and determines viability of the organisms carried onto the four intake traveling screens. Since January 1979 Marine Research, Inc. has been conducting impingement sampilng with results being reported on by Boston Ediscn Company.

A new screen wash s!uiceway system was installed at Pilgrim I in 1979 at a total cost of approximately $150,000. This new sluice =ay system was required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Mass. Olvision of Wa*er Pollution Control as a part of NPDES Permit

• MA0003557. Special fisn survival studies conducted from 1980-1983 to determine its effectiveness in protecting marine life were termin-ated in 1984, and a final report on them appears in Marine Ecology Semi-Annual Report #23.

Results of impingement monitoring and survival program for this re-porting period are discussed in Section !!!D.

C. Fish Surveillance Studies March - November, weekly fish spotting overflights were conducted as part of a continuing effort to monitor the times when large concentrations of fish might be espected in the Pilgrim vicinity, Regularly from May-October since 1978, btweekly dive inscections have been cc.nducted of the Pilgrim discharge canal in order to evaluate fish carrier net durability, and effectiveness in excluding fishes from the discharge canal.

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Annual summary reports for these efforts for 1988 uill be presented in Semi-Annual Report No. 33.

D. Station Coeration History The dally average, reactor thermal power levels from January through June 1988 are shown in Figure 6, As can be seen, PNPS was in an outage during this reporting period.

E. 1988 Environmental Proornms A planning schedule bar chart for 1988 environmental monitoring pregrams related to the operation of Pilgrim Station, showing task activities and milestones from December 1987 - June 1989, is included as Figure 7.

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SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT ON MONITORING TO ASSESS IMPACT OF PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION ON MARINE FISHERIES RESOURCES OF WESTERN CAPE COD BAY Project Report No. 45 (January-June, 1988)

By Vincent J. Malkoski, Brian C. Kelly, Robert P. Lawton, Mando Borgatti, Kevin P. Creighton, and Theresa L. Ritchot August 30, 1988 Massachusetts Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Environmental Law Enforcement Division of Marine Fisheries 100 Cambridge Street Bcston, Massachusetts 00002

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,.j TABLE OF CONTENTS

, Section Pace I. Executive Summary, 1 II.~ Introduction 4 III. Results and Discussion 4

1. Commercial Lobster Pot-Catch Fishery 4

2. Controlled Research Lobster Fishing 6

,. 1

3. Nearshore Benthic Finfish 8

! ).

4. Pelagic and Benthi-Pelagic Fishes 15

5. Shorezone Fishes 18

6. Underwater Finfish Observations 20

7. Sportfishing 22 IV. Acknowledgements 24 V. Literature Cited 25 l

11 I

L

i.

LIST OF TABLES Table Pace

1. Expanded trawl catch i and percent composition of 12 finfish captured by nearshore trawling in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, January-June, 1988.

2. Expanded trawl catch data (total length and 13 catch per unit effort) for dominant dumersal community finfish occurring in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, January-June, 1988.

3. Shore-zone fishes captured by haul seining at 19 sampling stations in the environs of Pilgrim Station for June, 1988.

iii

p.

LIST OF FIGURES Fioure Paae

'i. Lobster pot sampling grid for Marine 5

, Fisheries: Studies.

2. Location of experimental lobster gear 7 (5-pot trawls) for Marine Fisheries Studies.

. 3. Catch rates of total, legal, and sub- 9 legal lobster in the research lobster traps fished in'the area around Pilgrim Station, January - June, 1988.

4. Location of Shrimp Trawl and Dive Sampling 10 Stations for Marine Fisheries Studies.

5. Gill-net catch data (7 panels of 3.8- 16 15.2 cm mesh) from the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, January-June, 1988.

6. Location of beach seine and gill net 17 sampling stations for Marine Fisheries Studies, and Benthic Studies sampling stations.

7. Finfish abundance as observed by divers 21 in the area around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal, January-June, 1988.

8. Finfish abundance as noted by divers in 21 the area around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal, January-June, 1988.

iv

l i

I. EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

Commercial Lobster Pot-Catch Pinherv From May-June (spring) of 1988, data were obtained from the i trcp catch of one commercial lobsterman who fished in the vicinity of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. Sample size included c total of 833 pots hauled and 888 lobster captured. The percent of legal-sized (CL 1 81.76mm) lobster in the total catch was 25%.

Lad =1 catch rate for the overall inshore area averaged 0.35 lc3cla per pot-haul, which is higher than last year's spring rate I of 0.29.

Controlled Rencarch Lobster Fishina We completed eleven sampling trips in June, with data obtnined from 545 pot-hauls. Of the 1202 lobster captured in the study, 8% were of legal size. Legal catch rate averaged 0.25 lobater per pot-haul overall and 0.23 for the discharge area.

Nearnhore Benthic Finfish A bottom trat:1 survey of groundfish in the Pilgrim area was conducted January-June, 1988. A total of 545 finfish representing 15 cpecien was collected during 43 trawl town. Overall catch per unit effort for all stations and species pooled was 12.7 fich/ tow, as compared to last year's mean of 36.7 fish / tow.

Numerically dominant species in the catch were winter flounder, little skate, and windowpane. Winter flounder and windowpane cara most abundant in Warren Cove and little skate was most cbundant off White Horse /Priscilla Beach.

Polniric and Benthi-nelagic Finhua The 1988 gill not catch was dominated by three specten of fish: Atlantic herring (52%), pollock (26.5%), and cunner (8%).

-Atlantic cod, Atlantic mackerel, and .tautog each contributed approximately 2% to the total catch. Sixteen other species 'were captured in the gill net, but in sum they comprised less than 7%

of the total.

Shorezone Fishes Ten species of finfish, totaling 300 individuals, were captured in 16 standard haul seine sets in June. Sand lance, Atlantic tomcod, and winter flounder comprised over 90% of the total catch. Diversity (number of species sampled) was highest at Long Point. Catch per set (relative abundance) was hignest in the Pilgrim Intake embayment. Both of these sampling sites are sheltered shorelines.

Underwater Finfish Observations Biweekly observational dives were performed in May and June, 1988 at six stations in and around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal. Six species of finfish - cunner, pollock, rock gunnel, tautog, lumpfish and sea raven - were sighted. Cunner and pollock together comprised nearly 87% of the total observed. In the continued absence of a thermal effluent (the current outage began in April, 1986), algae including Irish moss, and blue mussels have flourished in the discharge canal.

Soortfishino The Shorefront recreational area at Pilgrim Station was l delayed in opening from April i to April 20 this year. Few anglers appeared to fish there in April and May. During June, fewer than 100 angler-trips were made to the Shorefronti most of these l were on weekends. Fishing was primarily for groundfisht l l

'cnly eight fish were reportedly caught (six cunner and two winter flounder). Overall, fishing effort and catch were. lower than Icot spring. Clearly, the extended plant outage has negatively icpected sport fishing at Pilgrim Shorefront.

4 0

s

II. INTRODUCTION Monitoring by the Massachu'setts Division of Marine Fisheries is ongoing to assess environmental change induced by the operation of ' Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. Ecological ir.vestigations of fisheries resources in the surrounding waters of Western Cape Cod Bay for 1988 are funded by Boston Edison Company under Furchase Order No. 65216. Sampling data collected from reference and surveillance stations during January-June, 1988 are summari:ed and dir, cussed in relation to past findings.

It is noted, huwever, that the plant has not operated since early April of 1986, negating waste heat discharge; current flow has been greatly reduced as one or both circulatir.g sea water pumps have been off. Measurements, counts, percentages, and indices of abundance are used in this progress report to identify trends and/or relationships in the data both spatially and temporally.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. COMMERCIAL LOBSTER POT CATCH FISHERY Seasonal monitoring of the commercial lobster fishery around Pilgrim Station was continued in 1988. We began monitoring the catch of a cocperating lobsterman in early May and continued through June with a total of 888 lobster sampled from 633 pot-haulu. Figure i depicts the distribution of pots sampled by quadrat.

The sampled catch included 224 legal ( l 81.76 mm carapace length - CL) lobster for a mean catch rate for the study area of 0.35 legals per pot-haul over the two months. This is a slight increase over last year's value of 0.29 but is on par with the

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Figure 1 Lobster Pot Sampling Grid for Marine Fisheries Studies.

mean value of 0.36 legals per pot-haul obtained during the past 18 years of monitoring (Lawton et al. 1985, 1987). The increase over the 1987 value is probably the result of warmer Cape Cod Bsy water temperatures in the spring of 1988 affecting the molt, and parallels findings noted in other Massachusetts waters (Bruce Estrella, personal communication)1 The mean legal catch rate for referencr quadrats (E-13 & 14, e

F-13) of 0.19 (6 legal lobster per 26 pot-hauls) is equivalent to the 1987 rate of 0.19 for the came period. Spring catch rates for the surveillance quadrats (H-11 & 12, I-11 & 12) were somewhat similar in 1987 and 1988 (0.33 and O.37, respectively).

2. CONTROLLED RESEARCH LOBSTER FISHING During June 1988, we began controlled research lobster trap fishing in the environs of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (Figure 2). Eleven sampling days were completed during which 1202 lobster were sampled from 545 trap hauls. Incidence of null pots, i.e., traps in which no lobster were found, was 22%. The lobster sampled were predominantly (89%) sublegal in size (< 81.76 mm CL). A total of 135 lobster was legal-sized (1 81.76 mm CL),

with a ratio of sublegal to legal of 7.9:1. The overall moan number of lobster of all sizes caught per trap-haul for the study area was 2.2. Mean study aret catch rates of legal and sublegal lobster were 0.25 and 1.96 lobster / trap-haul, respectively.

A comparison of total catch rates at the three sampling 1

0. Estrella, Senior Marine Fisheries Biologist, Coastal Lobster Investigations, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, Sandwich, MA.

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locations. (Figure 3) revealed a difference between Rocky Point- I and 'the. other two sites (Discharge. and Priscilla/ White Horse ,

v- Beach), with a1 higher rate of capture at Rocky Point. A similar pattern was noted for sublegal catch rates. It is, however, difficult to determine the significance of di ?rrences due to the limited amount of data.

In 1986 c.nd 1987, wa taggwd a portion of the sampled catch in orde- to determine the rate of recapture in .our pots;

, . recaptures could then be discounted and an unbiased estimate of catch obtained. As a result of two years of tagging data, we i

feel that catch rate need not be adjusted because of.the low t

recapture rate and have thus discontinued tagging in 1988. It is i interesting to note, however, that several sublegal lobster i

tagged in 1987 were recaptured in 1988. One of the returns was taken from the west side of Ste11wagen Bank, a distance of 23 nautical miles from the area of tagging (Warren Cove).

3. NEARSHORE BENTHIC FINFISH Our nearshore bottom'traw1' survey for 1988 commenced in mid- '

4 January and continued through June. Station locations (Figure 4) included Warren Cove, off White Horse /Priscilla Beach, in the  ;

I area of the Discharge, and in the Intake embayment at Pilgrim Station. Samnling was conducted monthly during January t h r e v.g h ;

l April and biweekly in May and June. Catches for tows greater than i I

or equal to 10 minutes, but less than the standard 15 minute i duration, were multiplied by an expansion factor (15 l minutes / actual tow minutes) to standardize sampling effort. Any [

3 tow of less than 10 minute duration was rejected a priorf.  !

A total of 545 finfish comprising 15 species was collected

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Catch Rates i June 1988 l Lobster / trap-haul 3

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during 43 tows in the study area (Table 1). Twenty species and 1,470 finfish were collected in 40 tows for the same period in 1987. In 1988, 3 of the stations had collections that were equally diverse with 10 demersal fish species sampled; at Warren Covo,8 species were captured.

CPUE (mean catch per standard 15 minute tow) for all ototions and species pooled was 12.7 fish / tow, as compared to 1 cot year's mean of 36.7 fish / tow. CPUE for all species pooled rcnged from 14.3 at the White Horse site to 10.9 in the- Intake.

For the same sampling period in 1987, CPUE was greatest in the Diccharge area (39.5) and lowest in Warren Cove (32.3). Four cpccies s winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus),

little skate (Raja erinacea) windowpane (Scophthalaus aquosus),

and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) comprised 91% of the total catch through the first half of 1988.

Winter flounder was numerically dominant (42%) in trawl ccmples. Relative abundance was highest in Warren Cove at 7.4 fich/ tow and lowest in the Intake embayment at 2.4 (Table 2). The

! overall winter flounder abundance index (catch / tow) was 50% lower then last year.

Little skate ranked second comprising 30% of the trawl catch. Spatially, CPUE ranged from 4.9 off White Horse /Priscilla Bscch to 1.8 in Warren Cove (Table 2). For the same sampling pOriod in 1987, the catch rate between sites was more variable, cgoin being lowest in Warren Cove (2.2) and highest off White Horco (10.2). The overall little skate abundance index declined throofold from 1987.

l l

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Table 1. Expanded trawl catch 1 and percent composition of finfish captured by nearshore trawling in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, January-June, 1988.

Species Warren Pilgrim Priscilla Pilgrim Totals */. Ca te Cove Discharge Beach Intake Winter flounder 88.5 45.7 75.9 17.1 227.2 41.7 Little skate 21.5 S0.9 63.3 28.S 164.2 30.h Windowpane 26.8 19.9 20.S 13.1 80.3 14.7 Yellowtail flounder 1.0 8.5 13.2 3.8 26.4 4.8 Atlantic cod 1.0 7.5 1.0 2.0 11.5 2.1 White hake 0.0 1.4 7.0 0.0 0.4 1.5 Ocean pout, 3.0 1.4 1.0 2.5 7.9 1.

Other spp.' 2.0 4.S 4.1 8.9 19.5 3.q6 Pooled Species Number of species 8 10 10 10 15 Number of tows 12 11 13 7 43 Total # fish 143.8 139.7 186.1 76.0 S45.4 Catch / tow 12.0 12.7 14.3 10.9 12.7 Percent catch 26.4 25.6 34.1 13.9 1

Catch rates were expanded for tows less than the standard 15-minuto duration.

2 Represent combined totals from 8 species of low catch.

l 1

Tcble 2. Expanded trawl catch data (total length and catch per unit' effort) for dominant demersal community finfish occurring in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, January-June, 1988.

Winter Little flounder skate Windowpane STATION 1 Menn catch / tow 7.4 1.8 2.2 M cn size (cm) 30.5 40.7 24.0 Sizo range (cm) 14-44 25-55 16-33 STATION 3 Mecn catch / tow 4.2 4.6 1.8 Morn size (cm) 29.8 33.5 22.5 Sizo range (cm) 11-41 17-52 15-30 STATION 4 Menn catch / tow 5.8 4.9 1.6 Macn size (cm) 30.9 33.6 23.3 Sizo range (cm) 11-46 20-52 13-28 STATION 6 Mecn catch / tow 2.4 4.1 1.9 Macn size (cm) 28.4 32.1 23.7 Siro range (cm) 9-38 23-47 15-33

Windowpane ranked third at 15% of the total. Relative abundance was greatest in Warren Cove (2.2) and lowest off White Horse /Priscilla Beach (1.6). The total windowpane abundance index also declined three-fold from last year.

Preliminary observations based on trawl catches from Cape Cod Bay during the 1988 spring Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Resource Assessment bottom trawl survey contrast with our findings by indicating a noticeable increase in the winter flounder abundance index (catch / tow) and unchanged abundance levels for little skate and windowpane relative to last spring (Arnold Howe, personal communication)1 The pronounced decline this year in.the catches of the three dominant demersal species from the Pilgrim area cannot be readily reconciled with data from i

Cape Cod Bay proper. This discrepancy may be partly attributed to inherent trawl catch variability or may be a very localized

phenomenon. The average January-June bottom water temperature from the Pilgrim area in 1988 (8.3 C) is unchanged relative to the same time period in 1987, remaining warmer than the 7-year average of 7.7 C (1982-88).

Comprising 5% of the trawl catch, yellowtail flounder was fourth in the dominance hierarchy. Catch per tow of this species f was highest off White Horse /Priscilla Beach and in the Discharge.

Atlantic cod ranked fifth in catch abundance (2%). The highest i CPUE for cod occurred at the Discharge station.

i i

i i

'A. Howe, Senior Marine Fisheries Biologist, Resource  !

Assessment Project, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisherius, ,

Sandwich, MA.

- 14 <-  :

4. PELAGIC AND BENTHI-PELAGIC FISHES A total of 2,204 fish, comprising 22 species (Figure 5) was '

notted in 7 overnight sets made in the vicinity of Pilgrim

' Station (FJgure 6) during the period January through June, 1988.

At1cntic harring (Clupea harengus harengus), pollock (Pollachius virons), and cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) comprised 86.5% of tha total catch.

Overall catch per overnight set (catch per unit effort or CPUE) for pooled species was 315 fish per set. This catch rate 10 somewhat less than that for the first half of 1987 (356) but 10 cubstantially higher than for 1986, when CPUE was 98.

Atlantic herring was numerically predominant, comprising 52%

of the total catch. This migratory fish has regularly been found in abundance in project gill net collections. Pollock ranked cccond in abundance making up 26.5% of the total, while cunner I

wac thir-J at nearly 8% of the catch.

It should be noted, however, that although Atlantic ' herring i

i rcnked first in total gill net catch for the period of January-l Juno, the largest number (1,146 or 99.7% of the species total)

, wro taken during a single set in February. As such, this reflects

! th31r seasonality and known schooling behavior (Bigelow and f

l Schroeder 1953). Pollock and cunner were more consistent in i

I occurrence, ranking first and second, respectively, in four of th3 ceven gill not sets.

(

l Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scocbrus) and tautog (Tautoga onit/s) each comprised roughly 2%

of the catch (Figure 5). The remaining 16 species did not occur in abundance with their sum comprising less than 7% of the total.

n

Gillnet Species Catch January - June 1988 Atlantic herring 52%

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Remaining species

• 7%

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Tautog 2%

{ -l Atlantic mackerei 2%

Atlantic cod 2%

t Pollock 26%

I Cunner 8%

1

• Remaining app. not found in abundance

Figure 5. Gill-met catch data (7 panels of 3.8-16.2 css miesh) f rom the vicielty of Pilgrim Station. January -

J u n e, 198 8.

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5. SHOREZONE FISHES Four stations were sampled by haul seining (Figure 6), with a total of 308 finfish representing 10 species captured. Sixteen sets of the 45.7 m haul seines were completed at 1 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> of low tide during 2 sampling days in the month of June (Table 3). For the same time period and equivalent sampling effort last year, we captured 2,186 finfish representing 12 species. However, of the 1987 total catch, over 1,900 individuals (89%) were sand lance (Ammodytes spp.) taken at the. Intake station, or over 1,700 more sand lance than were captured this year. Water temperature (surface) and salinity at the time of sampling in 1988 ranged overall from 11.0 to 18.0 C and 30.0 to 34.0 ppt, respectively.

Temperatures were higher at Long Point (Station S-5) than at the other three' sampling locations.

Three taxa -

sand lance , Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus toscod), and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) -

comprised over 90% of the total seine catch. Although sand lance led the catches, accounting for 74% of the total, they were captured only in the Intake embaymont. In fact, 80% of the total seino catch in June for all species pooled was obtained at this cite. Atlantic tomcod ranked second in overall catch (10%).

occurring nearly exclusively at Long Point. Winter flounder ranked third (7%), occurring at the Intake and Long Point otations.

Diversity, as measured by the total number of species captured at a sampling location, was highest in June at Long Point followed by Pilgrim Intake embayment. Catch por set (pooled a

Table 3. Ghore-zone fishes captured by haul seining at sampling stations in the environs'of Pilgrim Station for i June, 1988. ,

Warren PilgriT L ng Man met T ta Percent of Cpecies Cove Intake Point Point Number Total catch-4 4 G:nd lance spp.* 227 227 73.7 i At1cntic toccod 29 1 30 9.7 Winter flounder 13 8 21' 6.8 Northern pipefish 12 12 3.9 Windowpane 5 1 6 1.9 White hake 2 3 5 1.6 Grubby 1 2 3 1.0 At1cntic silverside i 1 2 Thrcespine stickleback i 1 1.2 At1cntic herring i i Total # fish 3 247 57 1 308 Nunber of sets 4 4 4 4 16 .

L l Catch / set 0.8 61.8 14.2 0.3 19.3 Total # species 2 5 8 1 10 Percent of total catch 1.0 80.2 18.5 0.0 100.0

• Not separated by species 1

45.7 m x 3.0 m seine; others sampled by 45.7 m x1.8 in seine.

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epecies), as an index of overall relative abundance, was highest in the Intaka and lowest at Manomet Point. It is problematic to comprehensively analyze species diversity and relative abundance trends based on one month's sampling.

In a continuing effort to more effectively sample shore-zone juvenile flat 11sh, we used a smaller double-leadline foot seine (6.im) at five locations (Figure 6) at low tide (1 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> of ebb tide). We completed 20 sets on two sampling days in June catching four windowpane (Scophthalmus aquosus,) four winter flounder, and a few white hake (Urophycis tenuis) and Atlantic tomcod. Although foot seine catches were extremely low, we expect a substantial increase in catch as coastal waters warm this summer.

6. UNDERWATER FINFISH OBSERVATIONS Diweekly observational SCUBA dives were made at six stations in and around the discharge canal in May and June, 1988. Six species of finfish (Figure 7) were noted, as well as blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), American lobster (Homarus americanus), starfish (Asteriss spp.), and rock and Jonah crabs (Cancer irroratus and C. borealis). We also observed numerous species of algae, including stands of kelp (Laminaria spp.) and Irish mass (Chondrus crispus).

The station outage that began in April 1986 continued through June 1988, resulting in a continuation of recolonization in the discharge area (Lawton et al. 1988). Enhanced algal growth (both biomass and number of species) was evident throughout the observational area, in particular the recolonization of the stunted and denuded zones by Irish moss.

-20o

Finfish Abundance All Stations Other' - 3 fish  !

7%  !

Cunner - 34 fish 81%  ;

% Pollock - 2 fish i 7% i Rock gunnel - 3 fish [

n i i.e.L en.n,s..n...

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. Figure T. Fiallah abundance se observed by divere in the I

sies around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal, January-June,1944. ,

,1 i

Finfish Distribution  !

All Species l

l Percent Occurrence l 100 l a0 ,

I 60 - -

j i

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40 -

l l

20 - -

p 0 l Stunted Denuded Control l Zone Zone Zone l

Distribution By Zone [

t Figure 4. Finfloh distribution se noted by dlwrs in the aree around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal,

(

i January June,1998, j l

I

Also in abundance was kelp, found attached to the many boulders in and around the discharge canal and on the large erratic at Station D g.

The total number of finfish observed (42) was considerably lower than the number (204) for May and June of 1987. Local distribution (Figure 8) was also somewhat different in that no fish were observed in the stunted zone this spring. It should be noted, however, that due to the limited number of observations l cnd the qualitative nature of the data it is difficult, if not impossible to attach statistical significance to differences in numbers between years. ,

Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) comprised 81% of the total I

fish sightings (Figure 7), being found most often at Station D t.

Only one tautog (Tautoga onitis) was tighted by project divers.

There appears to be a decrease in abundance of this species in ,

recent years (Lawton et al. 1988). The remaining species rock i

gunnel (Pholis gunnellus), lumpfish (Cyclopterus lunpus), pollock l (Pollachius virens), and sea raven (Henitripterus americanus) were sighted sporadically. As in the first half of 1987, no l i

otriped bass (Morone saxatilis) or bluefish (Panatonus saltatrix) L were observed by divers. f

7. SPORTFISHING Sportfish catch data from the Pilgrim Station Shorefront recreation area were obtained in June by BECo public relations

• personnel at the water front. A questionnaire was employed to record the information on a daily basis. This cooperative effort l

with the Division of Marine Fisheries en&bles us to maintain a l

data base on recreational shore fishing in the Pilgrim area.

The opening of the Shorefront to the public in 1988 was dolcyed from April i to April 20. No quantitative catch data wero obtained until June 11, however; at that time, BECo parconnel were stationed at the Shorefront. Pilgrim Station has be n in an extended outage since April 1986, which has negated wnote heat removal and resulted in reduced discharge current flow throughout this period. During April and May, 1988, both circulating seawater pumps were essentially inoperative, and only a minimal flow of water issued from the discharge canal as one or two of the five service water pumps were operated. One circulating pump was operated during much of June. A lack of tharmal current at Pilgrim Station has the effect of markedly d creasing the sportfish catches of gamefish at the Shorefront (Lewton et al. 1987).

Although no data were systematically collected in April and May, our observations in the area indicate that few anglers fiched at the Shorefror.t. In fact, at times the Shorefront was cloced to the public. In June about 90 angler-tripu were rccorded, with over 80% of these occurring on weekends. Most englers bottom fished from the outer intake breakwater. Only cight fish six cunner (Tautogolabrus adsper>us) and two winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes amer /canus) were landed. In June of 1 cot year, some 250 angler-trips were made to the Shorefront, and 30 fish were caught.

Overall, fishing effort and sportfish catch at Pilgrim Station were even lower this spring than last year. Clearly, the oxtended power station cutage negatively impacts sportfishing at tho Pilgrim Shorefront.

l

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge the contributions of numerous staff members of the Division of Marine Fisheries, who assisted in various phases of field sampling and data analysis, especially John Dinga, Virginia Fay, Dan McKiernan, and Ann-Marie Schultz. We thank Chris Kyranos for allowing us to sample his lobster catches, and Raymond Dand and Robert Ellenberger for ovarseeing l the collection of creel data at the Shorefront area. Finally, we thank Robert D.- Anderson, W. Leigh Bridges, and the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee for overseeing the entire l

study program.

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VI. LITERATURE CITED Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery Bulletin 53: 577 pp..

Lawton, R.P., C. Sheehan, V. Malkoski, M. Borgatti, S.

Correia and L. Gordon. 1985. Semi-annual report on  ;

monitoring to assess impact of Pilgrim Nuclear Power l Station on marine fisheries resources of western Cape Cod Bay. Project Report No. 39. (January-June, 1985)

IM: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Summary Report No. 26. Boston Edison Company. Boston, MA, USA.

Lawton, R.P., B.C. Kelly, V. Malkoski, M. Borgatti, and S.

Correia. 1987. Semi-annual report on monitoring to assess impact of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station on marine fisheries resources of western Cape Cod Bay.

Project Report No. 43 (January-June, 1987). 1N: Marine

, Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual Report No. 30. Boston Edison Company. Boston, MA, USA.

2

. Lawton, R.P., V. Malkoski, S. Correia, B. Kelly, C. Sheehan, M. Borgatti, and P. Brady. 1987. Final report on marine recreational fishing at the Pilgrim Station Shorefront, 1973-1975, 1983-1986. Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station l Marine Environmental Monitoi-ing Program Report Series No. 3. Boston Edison Company. 53 pp.

Lawton, R.P., B.C. Kelly, V. J. Malkoski, and M. Borgatti.

1988. Annual report on monitoring to assess impact of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Statier on marine fisheries resources of western Cape Cod Bay (Imoact na Fisheries Resources). Project Report No. 44 (January-December, 1987). Summary Report No. 20 (Volume 2 of 2). In:

Marine Ecology Studies Related to the Operation of Pilgrim Station, semi-annual Report No. 31. Boston Edison Company, Boston, MA, USA.

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SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT Number 32

_ to

, BOSTVN EDISON COMPANY  ;

19 <

on t

BENTNIC ALGAL AND FAUNIt MONITORING A* TE >

PILGRIM NUCL! +R P 7R LTATION January - Ji.< 1988 J October 1988 r

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r BATTELLE I Ocean Sciences '

397 Washington Street  !

Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 l I i l

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i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

...................................... 1 r

INTRODUCTION ........................................... 3 i

METHODS ................................................ 4 i PESULTS ............................................... 4 i.

FAUNAL STUDIES . . . . . . ................................ 4 ALGAL STUDIES . . . .. . . ................................ 22 QUALITATIVE TRANSECT SURVEY ......................... 28 DISCUSSION ............................................ J

'2 LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . ................................ 34 7 t

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LIST OF FIGURES Pace Figure 1. Location of Rocky Point, Effluent, and Manomet Point Subtidal 10 ft. MLW S t a t io n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (. . . . . . . . . . . ). . . 5. . . . .l Figure 2. Rarefaction Curves for March 1908 Samples ...................................... 14  ;

Figure 3. Dendrogram Based on the Bray-Curtis Similarity I Analysis of the March 1988 Samples ............ 16 j Figure 4. Dendrogram Based on the NESS Similarit of the March 1988 Samples ............y Analysis

......... 17 -

1 Figure 5. Constancy Diagram for Species Groups and Site Groups in March 198S ..................... 20 Figure 6, Fidelity Diagram for Species Groups and '

Site Groups in March 1988 ..................... 21 i

Figure 7. Algal Community Overlap (Jaccard's Coefficient i of Communityj and Number of Species Shared between -

Replicate Pedra at the Manomet Point, Rocky Point, ,

and Effluent Subtidal Stations (10 ft. MLW) in March 1988

. ................................... 24 Figure 8. A. Configuration of Denuded and Stunted Iones on March 16, 1988. B. Configuration of Denuded and Stunted tones on June 15, 1988 ................. 31  ;

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LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Faunal Species Richness in March 1988 .......... 7 Table 2. Faunal Density With and Without Mytilus edulis Included, March 1908 ................... 9 i Table 3. Rank Order of Abundance for the 15 Dominant Species in Samples Collected in March 1988 .... 10 Table 4. Diversity and Evenness Values for Each Replicate and Station Sampled in March 1988. Mytilus edulis Was Included  ;

in This Analysis ............................... 13  !

Table 5. Diversity and Evenness Values for Each Replicate and Station Sampled in March 1988. Mytilus edulis Was Excluded  ;

from This Analysis ............................ 13 ,

Table 6. Expected Number of Species for Pooled Station Dista 'Jaing Rarefied Samply EJ ues of 50, 400, 750, 2500, and 5000 Individaals .... 14 Toble 7. Species Groups Identified by Inverse ,

Cluster Analysis of March 1988 Data ............ 19 Table 8. Dry Weight Biomass Values (g/m2) for Chondrus crispus, Phyllophora spp.,

Epiphytes, the Remaining Benthic Species, and Total Algal Biomass for Manomet Point, [

Rocky Point, and Effluent Subtidal (10 ft. MLW Stations for March 1988 ......................).. 25 7

TObie 9. Colonization Index values for Chondrus crispus and Phyllophora spp, for the Manomet Point, '

Effluent, and Rocky Point Subtidal (10 ft. MLW)  !

Stations for March 1988 ....................... 29  !

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. , . - - _ - - - - , - - - - _ _ - - ~ , _ - _ - - ~ - , - - - , --

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

This report presents the results of the benthic monitoring voys conducted at thn Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) in ch and June 1988. Data discussed in this report were collected er two years of the outage at PNPS that began in April 1986.

ing the period between January 1 and June 30, 1988, only one culating water pump was operating for a portion of each month, iraging between 0.2 and 0.7 percent of the time por month.

QUANTITATIVE MONITORING Quantita*.ive samples of benthic fauna and algae were collected March 18 at three stations: Effluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky int. The Manomet Point and Rocky Point stations are reference ations that are oeyond the influence of the PNPS offluent.

Faunal Analysis The numbers of species and individuals found in the faunaA mples taken at the Effluent station were lower than those found i the samples from the other two stations. All three stations ire dominated by the bivalve Mytilus edulis, which accounted for

, percent or greater of all individuals found at each station.

.versity, a measure of how the individuals in a sample are

.stributed among the species in the sample, was lowest at the

! fluent station. The pattern seen in these results is similar to tat seen throughout the course of this study.

A similarity analysis showed that faunal samples taken at each the three stations were more similar to each other than to imples from the remaining stations. That is, each of the three tations had a unique identity in terms of the faunal community, s in past surveys, the Manomet Point and Rocky Point stations cre more similar to each other than to the Effluent station.

1 A

Alcal Analysis Total algal biomass was highest at Manomet Point and lowest at the Effluent station. Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) was equally abundant at Rocky Point and Manomet Point, where it represented 43 and 36 percent of the total biomass, respectively. Chondrus accounted for only 10 percent of the algal biomass at the Effluent station, represe: ting a significant decrease from both the March and Septembe. - 1987 values for that station. Phy11ophora spp.

accounted for 38 to 50 percent of the algal biomass at the three stations.

The highest biomass of epiphytic algae was found at Manomet Point and the lowest epiphytic biomass was found at the Effluent station. The warm-water indicator Gracilaria folifera was not seen in any of the March 1988 samples. The colonization index i study indicated that, as in the past, Phyllophora spp. was more l heavily colonized by algal epiphytes and invertebrates (such as bryozoans) than was Chondrus. Colonization was lowest at the l Effluent station and approximately equal at Manomet Point and Rocky Point.

QUALITATIVE TRANSECT SURVEYS f

Qualitative cata were collected on March 16 and June 25, 1988.

Divers followed a transect along the discharge canal centerline and noted the relative areas of stunted or sparse growth of Chondrus crispus. One small area near a large boulder that serves as a fixed reference point was devoid of algae; however, sparse growth of Chondrus was seen throughout the area that has historically been described as being denuded of this species. In June, there were no areas without Chondrus. The transition between areas of sparse and normal growth was not clear and ne definitive boundaries could be drawn. These results indicate a dramatic recovery within the zone of acute impact in response to the power outage at PNPS.

2 k _ __

INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of the most recent survey of the benthic algal and faunal communities near the Pilgrim Nuclear l Power Station (PNPS). PNPS is located on the northwest shore of Cape Cod Bay, 5 miles southeast of Plymouth Harbor, Massachusetts.

The surveys are part of a long-term monitoring effort by Boston Edison Company (BECO) to assess the impact on the inshore benthic community of the thermal effluent and current from the 655 megawatt nuclear-powered electric generating station. The quantitative algal and faunal data discussed in this report were I derived from field samples collected on March 18, 1988.

Qualitative transect data were collected on March 16 and June 15, ,

1988.

Sampling periods and procedures followed in this program were catablished by the Pilgrim Administrative Technical Committee (PATC). These procedures were adopted by BECO and modified in 1981 (BECO, 1982). A detailed description of the field, laboratory, and analytical methods can be found in Semi-Annual Report No. 29 (BECO, 1987a) and are discussed only briefly in this volume.

Data discussed in this report were collected after two years I

of the outage at PNPS that began in April 1986. During the period between January 1 and June 30, 1988, only one circulating water

• pump was operating for a portion of each month, averaging between '

O.2 and 0.7 percent of the time per month.

Batte11e's Project Manager for the PNPS algal and faunal i

investigations during the first part of this report period was Ms.

Tracy Stenner. Dr. James A. Blake assumed responsibility for the '

l program in May. Field logistics and collections were supervised by Mr. John Williams. Algae were identified by Ms. Brenda 4

Ccvicchi. Fauna werc: 'dentified by Ms. Nancy Alff Padell and Mr.

Russell Winchell. A ditional personnel participating in this  !

project included Dr. James Blake, Mr. Thomas Angell, Ms. Ellen Baptiste, Dr. Nancy Maciolek, Mr. Steven Mellenthien, Mr. Phillip Nimeskern, Mr. R. Eugene Ruff, and Mr. Robert Williams.

3

A METHODS Five replicate 0.1089-m2 benthic samples were collected with SCUBA at each of three sites: Effluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky Point (Figure 1). The Manomet Point and Rocky Point stations are l beyond the influence of the effluent and were selected as l reference sites. Quantitative samples were preserved in the field j and returned to the laboratory, where faunal and algal fractions I were separated and analyzed. Details of these procedures can be found in Semi-Annual Report No. 29 (BECO, 1987a).

Qualitative transect data were collected by divers using a fixed line stretched offshore along the discharge canal centerline and a moveable line placed perpendicular to the centerline. The l divers noted the boundaries of denuded areas or areas of stunted Irish moss, Chondrus crispas.

All data generated for samples analyzed during this report period were audited by Battelle's Quality Assurance Unit.

Statistical analyses of data were performed on Battelle's VAX 11/750 computer using software that had been used previously to analyze PNPS benthic data..

RESULTS FAUNAL STUDIES Systematics Three species were newly recorded from the samples collected in March 1988. These species were a polychaete, Scalibreema inflatum; an isopod, Chiridotea sp.; and a mollusc, Acmaeidae sp.

1. These additions bring the total number of invertebrate species recorded from the study area to 469.

4

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FIGURE 1. LOCATION OF ROCKY POINT, EFFLUENT, AND MANOMET POINT SUBTIDAL (10 FT. MLW) STATIONS.

5

goccies Richness Species richness values for all three stations in March 1988 are presented in Table 1. The Effluent station continued to have the lowest total number of species of the three stations; however, the 47 species found at the Effluent station represented an increase of 6 over the number found in September 198*/ (41 species) and an increase of 11 over the 36 species found in March 1987. At Manomat Point and Rocky Point, the total number of species in March 1988 was nearly identical to the number found in September 1987 (61 vs. 62 and 62 vs. 60 species at Manomet and Rocky Point, respectively). March 1988 values at both stations were higher by 13 and 20 species, respectively, than values in March 1987.

In order to assess rare species that might be present at the I

~

stations but were not found because of the small total area  !

sampled at each station (0.5445 m2), a jackknifed estimate was l calculated (Haltshe and Forrester, 1983). The estimated species richness was lowest at the Effluent station, intermediate at Rocky Point, and highest at Manomet Point, consistent with the pattern seen in previous years. At all three stations, values were higher in March 1988 than in March or September 1987.

The variance of the estimated species richness (var s) is a [

measure of the spatial distribution of species that occurred in only one replicate sample (i.e., unique species). High values for this parameter indicate that all unique species at the station are concentrated in a small space, whereas low values indicate that these species are evenly distributed over the space the community inhabits. A high variance value was found only at the Effluent station (Tablo 1). ,

I Faunal Density '

Benthic macrofaunal densities were calculated including all 3 l

specimens found in the samples, even if they were not identified to species (i.e., juveniles and indeterminants were retained).

Density was also examined both with and without the bivalve 1

6

-TABLE 1. FAUNA 1. SPECIES RICHNESS IN MARCH 1988.

,Tackknife Estimate Station / Number of Spec'ies Richness ($)

Replicate No. Species (i95 % CI) Var (3) l Effluent 1 25 2 28 3 21 4 26 5 25 e 5 25.0 Total 47 61.4 2 11.96 18.56 Manomet Point 1 41 2 43 3 34 4 39 2

5 40 5 39.4 Total 61 73.8 2 4.15 2.24 i.

l Rocky Point 1 43 ,

2 37 3 43 4 48 l 5 42 5 42.6 Total 62 /1.6 5.66 4.16 5 = Hean number of species per replicate.

i Total = Total number of species recorded from station.

t CI = Confidence interval.

Var ($) = Variance of the jeckknited estimate of species richness.  ;

7 {

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Mytilus edulis, which occurred in very high densities in all replicates (Table 2). With Mytilus included, mean density at the Effluent station was less than half that recorded at either Manomet Point or Rocky Point. Densities at the latter two stations were comparable to each other, but were slightly lower at Rocky Point, where mean densities were 87 percent of those found at Manomet Point. Mean values at all three stations wore between 2.2 and 4.9 times higher in March 1988 than in March or September 1987. (Values at the Effluent station were 2.2 and 2.4 times higher, values at Manomet Point were 3.0 and 3.2 times higher, and values at Rocky Point were 4.9 and 3.9 times higher in March 1988 than in March and September 1987, respectively.)

l When M. edulis was excluded, the mean density at the Effluent I station was still only 40 to 58 percent of that found at the other 1

two stations; however, mean densities at Manomet Point and Rocky Point differed substantially, with mean density at Rocky Point being only 70 percent of that recorded at Manomet Point. Even with M. edulis excluded, however, mean densities at both Manomet Point and Rocky Point were higher than values recorded in either March or September 1987.

A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Student-Newman-Kouls range test, indicated that mean densities at the Effluent station were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than mean densities at Manomet Point or Rocky Point. Mean densities at Manomet Point and Rocky Point were not statistically different at the p = 0.05 level. The results of this analysis were the same with Mytilus edulis included or excluded.

Species Dominance The 15 numerically dominant species at each station are presented in Table 3. The majority of dominant taxa at the three stations were arthropods, as is typical of rocky subtidal habitats. However, the bivalve Mytilus edulis ranked first and accounted for 58 percent or greater of the fauna at each of the three stations ( 60. 8 percent at Effluent, 57.9 percent at Manomet 8

TABLE 2. FAUNAL DENSITY VITH AND VITBOLTT NYTILUS EDULIS INCLUDED, MARC 81988.

Number of Number of Station / Individuals Individuals Replicatt No. (Mytilus included) (Mytilus excluded)

Effluent 1 8648 3656 2 8392 3172 3 8784 4360 4 2080 1472 5 9680 4940 R 7517 2 3078 3520 2 1328 2

a 69,025 32,323 Manomet Point 1 21,880 10,892 i 2 17,480 8712 3 11,612 5688

! 4 12,488 7276 5 27,732 10,916 R 18,238 2 6726 8697 3 2281 2

m 167,478 79,860 .

. Rocky Point 1 23,048 10,428 2 19,364 4860 3 9064 4344 4 16,656 6076 5 11,624 4580 i R 15,951 2 5672 6058 e 2533 m 146,476 55,625 R Mean density per replicate.

m . Density per square meter.

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TABLE 3. RANK ORDER OF ABUNDANC] FOR THE 15 DOMINANT SPECIES IN SAMPLES COLLECTED IN MARCH 1988.

AN

• MARKS THE DOMINANTS SHARED BY ALL THREE STATIONS. A - MARKS DOMINANTS SHARED ONLY BY EFFLUENT AND MONOMET POINT.

lesaa Immeber per percent statieuvspecies applicate of Total affluent

• Litus edults (givalve) 3996.8 40.43 cataseptue laevisevlue (Amphiped) 1007.2

'Pentoveneia inerat e ( Amphiped) 15.33 490.4 1.46

• Ucuna vincts toestrepod) 346 4 S.27

• • echyrocerus anguipes (Asphiped) 336.8

'Jassa falcata (Amynipod) S.13 88.8 1.3%

• Dessaine 3 (Amphiped) 44.8 0.44 teetoa phospherea (Zeopod) 43.2

• Prebelendes helmest (Amphiped) 0.64 36.8 0.54 cancer irreratus treceped) 28.0

• cereguium bonetti (Amphiped) 0.43 20.8 0.32

-carre11a penantse (capre111d) 17.6 0.21 Anenta .etseles talvelve) 15.2 0.23

_Pequrus op.1 (Decapod) 13.6

• ceropntum eeutus (Amphiped) 0.21 11.2 0.17 Total e* 13 spectee 4491.6 Semaining Fauna - 32 spectee 98.90 71.6 1.10 ,

Total Fauna - 47 sp+cies 6570.4 i

100.00 i seenemet point

• Mytilus edulte (sivstvel 9541.6

• Jeesa talesta (Amphipod) S7.90 I 1352.8 4.21

• techyrocerve enqu'. pes (Asphiped) 1285.6

• Pontogenote _1nerat e (Amphiped) 7.40 903.2 S.48

• 1acuna _vancta (Gastropod) 851.2

• Deseanne ~thea (Amphiped) S.11 460.0 2.79

• cerogatum benelli ( Amphiped) 401.6

• cereontum ocutum (Amphiped) 2.44 356.8 2.11

• Prebelendes helmeet (Aghtpod) 217.6 Pleueyotes glater ( Amphiped) 1.32 168.8 1.02 cmebe ocutee toastrepod) 153.6 0.93 Mergerates he11einus (Gastrend) 120.8 0.11

=cePrella penantas (Capre1114) 90.4 cerepntum taatstesun (Amphiped) 0.55 65.6 0.40 '

Amphtthee ruaracate (Amphiped) $3.6 0.33 Total of 15 sp+cies 14.023.2 Semaining Fauna - 46 e ncies 97.24 456.8 2.76 Total Fauna - 61 species 16.480.0 100.00 anchy potat

• Mytilus edu11e (sivolvel 9893.6 67.15

• tsenyrocerus anguipee l Amphiped) 1226.4

• Jassa falcata (Aspaiped) 4.34 903.2 6.14

• taeuna vaneta (Castrepodi 632.8

• Pentegeneta snormie (Aghiped) 4.?0 192.0 1.31

• Desamine & iAmyniped) 176.0 1.20 margarttee me!Leinue (Gastrepod) 175.2

• cera p tum tenellt (Aaghtped) 1.19 172.8 1.17 macelea sosteracete (Polychaete) 150.4 eneta acules (Gastropod) 1.02 144.8 0.98 '

• Predeloades helmeet ( Asgalped) 120.8 Pleueystes 91 ster (Amphiped) 0.42 111.2 0.76

• caropntum acutus (Amgaiped) 107.2 0.13 Alvente geouocereolata (Gastrepodt 84.0 0.57 Petere 11a angusta ( Appe.ipod) 74.4 0.51 I Total of 15 species 14.164.4 Remaining rauna - 47 spectee 96.29  !

$47.2 3.71 Total reuna - 42 species 14.712.0 l

100.00 10

l Point, and 67.2 percent at Rocky Point) . This dominance is in sharp contrast to results from March 1987, when M. edulis cecounted for 3.2 percent, 4.5 percent, and 1.7 percent at the Effluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky Point stations, respectively.

In September 1987, M. edulis accounted for 0.7 percent, 4.5 percent, and less than 2 percent, respectively, at the same three stations.

The remaining top dominants at the Effluent station included 8 amphipods, 1 capre111d, 2 crabs, 2 molluses, and 1 isopod. Of the top 15 species, only 5 did not occur among the top 15 dominant  ;

opecies at Manomat Point and 6 did not occur among the top dominants at Rocky Point. Idotea phosphorea was the only isopod i to occur among the top dominant species at any of the three stations. The species that were shared dominants of ten held a olmilar or higher rank at Manomet Point or Rocky Point, meaning 4

i that they occur in higher numbers at those two stations than at the Effluent station.

At Manomet Point, the dominant species that ranked 2nd through >

15th included 10 amphipods, 3 gastropods, and 1 capre111d. Of these species, 3 did not occur among the top 15 dominants at Rocky Point, and 5 did not occur among the top dominants at the '

Effluent.

At Rocky Point, species ranked 2nd through 15th included 9 cmphipods, 4 gastropods, and 1 polychaete. Nicolea zostericola, which ranked ninth, was the only polychaete among the top dominants at any of the three stations. Of the top 15 species at Rocky Point, 3 did not occur among the dominants at Manomet Point 4

cnd 6 did not occur among the top dominants at Effluent.

Species Diversity Species diversity is a measure of the number of species present (species richness) in combination with the relative cbundance (evenness) of each species in the sample. In general, low evenness values indicate that the community sampled is dominated by one or a few species. Shannon-Wiener diversity (H')

11

- - - _ = - . _ _ . . - . . -

and evenness (J) values were calculated after all juvenile or indeterminant specimens were excluded from the data set.

Including such individuals would provide a falsely high diversity value. For consistency with past reports, and because the Shannon-Wiener index is disproportionately influenced by a single, overwhelmingly dominant species, H' and J were calculated both with and without Mytilus edulis (Tables 4 and 5).

When M. edulis was included, the lowest diversity was seen at  !

the Effluent station (H' = 2.06), followed closely by Rocky Point  !

(2.16). Manomet Point had the highest diversity (2.52). Values [

at all stations were lower than the diversity recorded in either -

March or September 1937. Evenness values (J) were also severely  ;

depressed from the 1987 values, reflecting the high contribution

{

of M. udulis to the total density. t t

When M. edulis was removed from the data, evenness values were l I

higher (Table 5). The lowest diversity was still found at the Effluent station; however, H' was higher in March 1988 than in j March 1987 (2.78 vs. 2.33, respectively). With M. edulis

{

excluded, the highest diversity was seen at Rocky Point (H' =

l 3.82), and again this value was higher in March 1988 than in March  !

1987, when H' was 3.53. Similarly, diversity at Manomet Point was f higher in March 1988 than in 1987 (3.65 vs. 2.74). i Another measure of diversity, Hurlbert's (1971) rarefaction ,

method, was also used to compare the three stations. Results of [

this analysis are presented in Table 6 and Figure 2. These  !

results confirm the pattern seen with the Shannon-Wiener index:  !

diversity was lowest at the Effluent station and highest at the Rocky Point station in March 1988. l

[

Measures of Similarity 5 i

Similarity analysis followed by use of a clustering method is l a multivariate tecnnique used to assess the overall comparability [

. among samples and stations. It has been used here to address the l

, following questions: (

I l

i j 12 [

1 i

.~ .J

TABLE 4. DIVERSITY AND EVENNESS VALUES FOR EACH REPLICATE AND STATION SAMPLED IN MARCH 1988. MYTILUS EDULIS VAS INCLUDED IN THIS ANALYSIS.

Manomet Point Rocky Point Effluert Replicate H' J' B' J' 8' J' 1 2.46 0.46 2.29 0.42 1.75 0.38 2 2.61 0.48 1.31 0.25 1.85 0.38 3 2.55 0.50 2.63 0.48 1.91 0.43 4 2.82 0.53 2.09 0.37 2.89 0.61 5 1.99 0.37 2.13 0.40 2.09 0.45 Station 2.52 0.42 2.16 0.36 2.06 0.37 f

l

TABLE 5. DIVERSITY AND EVDMESS VALUES FOR EACH REPLICATE AND STATION SAMPLED IN MARCH 1988. MYTILUS EDULIS VAS F.ICLUDED FROM TEIS ANALYSIS.

Manomet Point Rocky Point Effluent Replicate R' J' B' J' 8' J' 1 3.23 0.61 3.15 0.58 2.19 0.48 2 3.48 0.64 5.32 0.64 3.37 0.71 3 3.50 0.69 3.86 0.72 2.19 0.51 4 3.58 0.68 4.12 0.74 2.95 0.63 5 3.44 0.65 3.42 0.64 2.66 0.58 Station 3.65 Os62 3.82 0.64 2.78 0.50 H' Shannon-Viener Diversity.

J' = Evenness.

13

l 4

l I

l TABLE 6. EXPECTED NUMBER OF SPECIES FOR POOLED STATION DATA USING RAREFIED ,

SAMPLE SIZES OF 50, 4U0, 750, 2500, AND 5000 INDIVIDUALS. NYTILUS ,

EDULIS VAS INCLUDED IN TBIS ANALYSIS. L t

Species Species Species Species Species i For 50 Per 400 For 750 Per 2500 For 5000 Stati 7s Individuals Individuals Individuals Individuals Individuals I Effluent 7.5 16.6 20.9 31.1 37.8 [

l Manoeet i Point 10.4 22.5 27.3 38,1 45.0 i j Rocky ,

Point 9.7 25.3 31.1 42.8 48.9 i

1 s

} .

' So-  !

Rocky Point i

homet Pont I 40-  !

Effluent f i i l 30-1 i

i c io-

{

i I

1 I

F Y s t s a g

1000 toco 3000 sooo 5000

m .~, . ...

f i

j FIGURE 2. RAREFACTION CURVES FOR MARCH 1988 SAMPLES.

I 14 lA 1

I

How similar is the benthic community at the Effluent station to the communities at the reference stations at Manomet Point and Rocky Point?

If there are difforences among stations, which species are responsible for those differences?

To address these questions, the similarity analysis was done using two different similarity measures: Bray-Curtis and the Normalized Expected Species Shared (NESS).

Analysis of Replicates The results of the cluster analysis based on log-transformed data and the Bray-Curtis similarity measure (with group average sorting and p set at -0.25) are shown in Figt;.re 3. Three major groups or clusters can be identified. Group 1 includes the five replicate samples from the Ef fluent station. These five samples cluster at 72 percent similarity. Groups 2 and 3 represent Manomet Point and Rocky Point, respectively. These two groups join each other at 76 percent similarity, but as a unit are similar to Group 1 (the Effluent station) only at 56 percent.

A somewhat different pattern was seen with the NESS similarity measure (Figure 4). Because NESS is less influenced by highly d:minant species in the samples and is more sensitive to the less cbundant species, the offeet of the dominant Mytilus edulis is loss apparent in these results. There are two major groups in Figure 4. One group includes all samples from the Effluent otation; four replicates are similar at 88 percent or greater.

R0plicate 4 joins the other replicates to form a station group at 77 percent similarity. The second major group includes all of the roplicates from Manomet Point and Rocky Point. Within this group, all of the samples from Manomet Point form a small subgroup, which is joined at various levels of similarity by the replicates from Rocky Point. The group comprised of Manomet Point and Rocky Point 15

0.55-0.60 -

0.65-1

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100 Replicate 1 3 2 5 4 1 5 2 4 3 1 3 4 2 5

! Effluent  ! I-Manamet Point ---I  ! Rocky Point  !

1

FIGURE 3. DENDROGRAM BASED ON THE BRAY-CURTIS SIMILARITY

ANALYSIS OF THE MARCH 1958 SAMPLES.

3

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17

samples is similar to the group comprised of Effluent station samples at 69 percent similarity.

Nodal Analysis For the nodal analysis, the top 50 species were clustered, and species groupings were identified. Replicates from each station were clustered and groups were chosen. These analyses were '

performed on log-transformed data; the Bray-Curtis similarity measure with group average sorting and # set at -0. 2 5 was used.

The two analyses were then combined in a matrix in order to interpret thu patterns observed for species and for samples. Two parameters, constancy and fidelity, were calculated for each intersection of the matrix. Constancy is a measure of how often a species occurs in a particular sample group out of all possible number of occurrences (in all samples combined). Fidelity is a measure of whether a species occurs only in a particular sample group or in many.

The analysis by species resulted in the groups listed in Table 7. When the log-transformed data were used for the analysis by sample, the five replicates from each station clustered together, resulting in three sample groups, each corresponding to one of the three stations. Abbreviated versions of each dendrogram are shown in Figure 5 (constancy) and Figure 6 (fidelity).

Constancy. Specif,s group 1 showed very high constancy at all three stations (Figure 5). This is not surprising because this group included many of the top dominants at each station. Eight of the 17 species in group 1 were top dominants at all three stations, and the remainder were top dominants at one or two stations. Similarly, species groups 2 and 5 included dominants found at Rocky Point, and these groups also showed very high ccastancy at that station, but low constancy at the Manomet Point and Effluent stations.

Species group 2 had high constancy at Manomet Point, but less than at Rocky Point. Species group 3, consisting of three 18

TABLE 7. SPECIES GROUPS IDENTIFIED BT INVERSE CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF KARCH 1988 DATA.

Group 1 Group 4 Idotea phosphorea Capre11a linearis Corophium acutum Caulleriella bioculata Corophium bonelli Hiatella striata Dexamine thea Cirratulus cirratus Proboloides holmesi Crepidula fornicata Caprella penantis Lumbrineris fragilis Pleusymtes glaber Ischnochiton ruber Onoba aiuIea Capitella capitata Margarites helicina Phyllodoce maculata Caprella nr. septemtrionalis Naineris quadricuspis Mitrella lunata Fabricia sabella Ischyrocerus anguipes Lacuna vineta Pontogeneia inermis Jassa falcata Group 5 Mytilus edulis Calliopius laevisculus Alvania pseudoareolata Group 2 Group 6 Metopella angusta Cerastoderma pinnulatum Nicolea rostericola Anomia simplex Corophium insidiosum Group 7 Ophiopholis aculeata Nereis pelagica Cancer irroratus Hiatella arctica Pagurus sp. 1 Mya arenaria Sabellaria vulgaris Strongylocentrotus Pagurus acadianus droebachiensis Dodecaceria sp. A Aephipholis squamata Harmothoe imbricata Group 8 Group 3 Nephtys caeca Amphithee rubicata Eualus pusiolus Onchidoris aspera 19

. - . _ . - - - - - _ - . - - _ ~ _ . _ _ .

i

}

.20 ' SPECtES GROUPS 2:- 21 c l 5 .30- .27

'E l M .33

.I l

? .40- I .38 3 42 O l

, .50- 43 M .60- .58 Blay-Curtis Similarity ,70 I 2

• E R* 2 S* 1 2 3 4 56 7 8

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n M,6; L~.. :J;,35i(,

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CONSTANCY 1

0.7-10 0.5-0.7 0.3-0.5 p; 0.1-0.3 <0.1 Very 85gh t Hgh d Moderate n Low _ Very Low FIGURE 5. CONSTANCY DIAGRAM FOR SPECIES GROUPS AND SITE GROUPS IN MARCH 1988. CLUSTERING IS DASED ON BRAY-CURTIS SIMILARITY AND GROUP AVERAGE SORTING.

i t

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21

l species, showed very high constancy at Manomet Point, and low or very low constancy at the Effluent and Rocky Point stations.

Species group 7, which included three crabs and two polychaetes, showed high constancy at the Ef fluent station. All other species groups had moderate to low constancy values at each l station.

Fidelity. Only one species (group 5, A1vania psuedoareolata) showed high fidelity to any station (Rocky Point), indicating that this species was found mostly at Rocky Point and not at the other two stations. Species groups 3 and 8 showed moderate fidelity at Manomet Point and Effluent, respectively. All other species groups had low or very low fidelity at any station, indicating that few species were restricted to a particular station.

ALGAL STUDIES Systematics No new species were added to the list of 37 species given in Semi-Annual Report No. 31 (BECO, 1988).

Alael comununity Description The rocks and cobble found at the Manomet Point, Rocky Point, and Effluent stations were heavily colonized by red macroalgae.

As indicated by biomass, Chondrus crispus was most abundant at Rocky Point; Phyllophora spp, was most abundant at Manomet Point.

The highest biomass of benthic species other than Chondrus and Phyllophora (the category "remaining benthic species") occurred at the Effluent station. The highest biomass of epiphytic algae was found at Manomet Point, and the lowest epiphytic biomass was found at the Effluent station. The primary hosts for epiphytes were l Chondrus and Phyllophora, but other benthic species, such as Polvides rotundus and Ahnfeltia plican, were also hosts. Red algae such as Spermothamnion repens, Polysiphonia spp., Phycodrys 22

rubens, Cystoclonium purpureum, Ceramium rubrum, and Rhodomola conforvoides were the most commonly observed epiphytes. The warm-water indicator Gracilaria foliifera was not seen in any sample collected in March 1988.

Alcal Community overlap Community overlap was calculated for the March 1988 data using Jaccard's Coefficient of Community (Greig-Smith, 1964) to measure the similarity in algal species composition among the three stations. This coefficient evaluates similarity based on presence / absence of species and does not take into account the cbundances of the species recorded. Presence / absence of the 37 species given in the last Semi-Annual Report (No. 31) (BECO, 1988) were used for the calculations.

Results of the community overlap comparisons are presented in matrix form in Figure 7. Overlap among replicates at Manomet Point ranged from 76.0 to 95.2 percent; from 72.0 to 95.2 percent Ct Rocky Point, and 69.6 to 94.7 percent at the Effluent station.

Overlap between ste. tion pairs was highest between the two reference stations (88.9 percent), but was also very hign for Rocky Point-Effluent (85.2 percent) and Menomat Point-Effluent

( 81.5 percent) . The last two values are higher than the percent overlap between the two reference stations in either March or September 1987.

Alcal Biomass Chondrus crispus Biomass of Chondrus crispus at each station in March 1988 is presented in Table 8. Mean biomass of this species was cssentially the same at Manomet Point and Rocky Point (132.5 and 133.9 g/m2, respectively), but was much lower at the Effluent station (27.3 g/m2). Chondrus accounted for only 10 percent of the algal biomass at the Effluent station, and 36 and 43 pe : cent 23

S 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 8 19 18 30 38 1 19 18 19 18 2 96.4 M M 19 s h of 2 M.S 19 20 21 W of

, species species 3 81.s 95.2 39 30 annesed 5 18.3 7e.2 Je 2e senseed j . .... .. M.. M . .... . .. 2 =

j , .... .. ....

..., x , .... ..., .. ....

pesomet esegley poecent eseelap WWWuMT SOtW Star 34W BBCBW WWEWF Starles j

, OUnasJhr EETWEEE SN

}

l Iheter of C - ity syncies senseed cometay y stattaa poet 1 2 3 4 5 " po&et-eacty St. 24 88.9

- Po&et-Sitammet 22 81.5 I to 18 16 17 l s w et me=*y em6et-Estlemet 23 35.2 2 94.7 18 51 17 species I

Sheaed

s os.e es.1 se se i

e 69.s 73.9 is.s se

! , st.e 77.s on.e is.s posseet eeneIap

! apriamme semanae i

l l

l FIGURE 7. ALGAL COMMUNITY OVERLAP (JACCARD'S COEFFICIENT OF COINIUNITY) AND

NUMBER OF SPECIES SHARED BET 10EEN REPLICATE PAIRS AT THE MANONET POINT, ROCKY POINT, AND EFFLUENT SUBTIDAL STATIOOf5 (10 FT. MLW)

! MARCH 1988.

i

}

f' Q

S TABLE 8. DRY WEIGHT BIOMASS VALUES (g/m ) FOR CHONDRUS CRISPUS, FHYLLOPHORA SPP.,

EPIPHYTE3, THE REMAINING BENTHIC SPECIES, AND TOTAL ALGAL BIOMASS FOR MANOMET POINT, ROCKY POINT, AND EFFLUENT SUBTIDAL (10 FT. MLW) STATIONS FOR MARCH 1988.

he,us Muy11ephora crisgnes

7 $ 8sytic-8 1' spp. e h e specAes Species (Total) Total Algs!

statia W 11cate sieness rescent ai - ,= roccent mismess peccent niemens percent alemass w Manoast reint 1 115.39 34 148.90 44 4.68 1 72.43 '21 341.40 2 155.97 40 158.81 41 2.39 0.6 70.40 18 347.57 3 213.62 49 181.21 41 1.84 0.4 42.05 10 438.72 4 39.64 12 158.08 49 63.98. 20 62.51 19 5 324.23 137.79 38 168.18 46 0.92 0.3 55.35 15 362.24 i 132.49 36 163.04 44 14.76 4 60.55 16 . 370.44.

u rocky Point Ut 1 44.80 14 188.65 60 0.46 0.1 19.32 25 313.23 2 100.25 42 101.44 43 9.27 4 27.18 11 238.14 3 225.C' 55 12$.35 32 1.74 0.4 50.30 12 407.03 4 199.21 64 62.61 20 1.10 0.4 47.28 15 310.20 1 99.69 34 116 . '.. 40 62.15 21 16.34 6 294.58 E 133.92 43 119.69 38 14.94 5 44.G8 14 312.63 Effluent 1 6.04 2 130.45 45 134.40 46 22.12 a 293.03 2 102.82 32 177.72 55 12.16 4 29.19 9 322.49 3 27.82 16 117.50 41 125.77 44 1;.85 5 243.94 4 0 0 88.63 42 112.91 53 10.92 5 212.51 5 0 0 151.01 69 4?.25 20 24.61 11 219.47 2 27.34 10 133.07 50 86.02 32 19.94 7 266.32 e-

~

. = nean biomans.

at Manomet Point and Rocky Point, respectively. Replicate values varied widely at each station, with the greatest range seen at the Effluent station (0 to 102.8 g/m2).

These values represent a significant decrease in Chondrus biomass at the Effluent stations biomass in both March and September 1987 was about 6 times higher than the biomass in March 1988. Biomass was about the same at Manomet Point in March 1987 and March 1988 (124.8 and 132.5 g/m2, respectively), and was higher in those months than in September 1987 (94.8 g/m2).

At Rocky Point, biomass in March 1988 was intermediate between that recorded in March 1987 (32.9 g/m2) and September 1987 (174.0 g/m2).

Phyllophora spp.

Biomass of Phyllophora spp. at each station in March 1988 is presented in Table 8. This species accounted for 50 percent of the algal biomass at the Effluent station, and 38 percent at Rocky Point, and 44 percent at Manomet Point. Mean biomass values were highest at Manomet Point (163.0 g/m2), intermediate at the Effluent station (133.1 g/m2) and lowest at Rocky Point (119.7 g/m2).

These biomass values were lower than those recorded in September 1987 at the Effluent and Rocky Point stations, but were essentially the same as at Manomet Point. There is no pattern in i relation to biomass recorded in March 1987: the March 1988 values were higher at Rocky Point, lower at Manomet Point, and

. essentially the same at the Effluent station compared to March 1987.

Replicate v0 lues were very consistent at Mcnomet Point and only slight 4; .h s s so at the Effluent station. The greatest variabili.ty among replicates was at Rocky Point.

26

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )

Remaining Benthic Species The category designated "remaining benthic species" includes all algal species except Chondrus crispus, Phyllophora spp., and algal epiphytes. Biomass values for each replicate and mean values for each station are given in Table 8. This category was most important at the Effluent station, where it accounted for 32 percent of the total algal biomass; at Manomet Point and Rocky Pcint, it accounted for only 4 to 5 percent of the total. At the Effluent station, mean biomass was 86.0 g/m2, more than 5 times the biomass at the other two stations.

At the Effluent station these values were higher than those rccorded in March and September 1987, but at Manomet Point and Rocky Point values are lower than earlier results. Mean biomass at Rocky Point (14.9 g/m2) was similar to biomass recorded in March 1987 (23.8 g/m2), but was an order of magnitude lower than was recorded in September 1987 (156.2 g/m2). Mean biomass at Mnnomet Point (14.8 g/m2) was intermediate between biomass recorded in March 1987 (3.2 g/m2) and September 1987 (20.1 g/m2) at that station.

Epiphytic Species Biomass values of spiphytic algae are giver in Table 8. As for most of the previous sampling times , Phyllophora spp. had a higher degree of colonization by epiphytes than Chondrus crispus.

M2an biomass of epiphytos was lowest at the Effluent station and highest at Manomet Point, although the biomass of Phy11ophora was similar at both stations. All March 1988 values were intermeciate between biomass recorded in March and September 1987.

Total Alcal Biomass Total algal biomass for each replicato and station is given in Table 8. The Effluent station had the lowest total biomass and Manomat Point had the highest. Total biomass at the Effluent 27

r station was lower than that recorded in March or September 1987.

Total biomass at Manomet Point and Rocky Point was intermediate between March and September 1987 values.

Chondrus/Phyllophora Colonization Index Study Colonization index values for Chondrus crispus and Phy11ophora spp. are given in Table 9. These values are a qualitative measure of the amount of algal epiphytes and invertebrate species (such af bryozoans) that are present on the host species. Details of the procedure to determine these values are given in Semi-Annual Report No. 30 (BECO, 1987b).

The March 1988 data indicate that, as in past sampling periods, Phy11ophora spp. was more heavily colonized than was Chondrus. This is probably due to the denser frond development of Phy11ophora app. compared with Chondrus, Colonization was lowest at the Effluent station and approximately equal at Manomet Point and Rocky Point.

QUALITATIVE TRANSECT SURVEY The qualitative transect surveys of acute nearfield impact zones were started in January 1980 and have been conducted quarterly since 1982. Diver surveys were made in March and June 1988, bringing the total number of surveys to 30.

The denuded zone has been defined as the area devoid of Irish moss (Chondrus crispus) and the stunted zone has been defined as the area with Chondrus of decreased size and der.aity compared with conditions considered normal for this species. By December 1987, after 1.5 years of the power outage PNPS, at it was difficult to defino these zones (BECO, 1988). The border between the stunted and the denuded zones could no longer be clearly defined because there was recolonization by Chondrus resulting in 28

TABLE 9. COLONIZATION INDEX VALUES FOR CHONDRUS CRISPUS AND PHTLLOPHORA SPP.

~

FOR THE MANOMET POINT, ROCKY POINT, AND EFFLUENT SUBTIDAL (10 FT. MLV)

STATIONS FOR MARCH 1988.

Manomet Point Rocky Point Effluent Chondrus crispus Algal Colonization 12 12 3 Faunal Colonization 11 9 6 Total 23 21 9 Phyllophora spp.

Algal Colonization 20 18 16 Faunal Colonization 19 19 14 Total 39 37 30 i

l 29

1 patchy, thin growth in the formerly denuded zone. Because the recolonization was not complete, zones were still indicated in Semi-Annual Report No. 31 (BECO, 1988), but the size (square meters) of the zones was not calculated after June 1987.

March 1988 The results of the divers' observations immediately of f shore from PNPS on March 16, 1988 are illustrated in Figure 8A. A large boulder that is nearly exposed at mean low water and that is used as a landmark by both the Battelle and Division of Marine Fisheries dive teams is plotted in the figure. The boulder serves as a visual fix for the proper placement of the transect line and ensures consistency over the series of observations.

Chondrus crispus was observed throughout the area that has historically been described as being denuded of this species.

Transitions from denuded areas to areas of stunted or normal Chondrus growth were not clear and no reliable areal measurements could be made. The solid line indicating clear boundaries has been drawn in Figure 8A as a dotted line to indicate the poor definition of this zone. One small area to the north of the large boulder was the only area that could be described as being denuded of algae. Laminaria sp. was observed out to 50 m and Fucus sp. was observed between 40 and 70 m along the transect line (Figure 8A).

June 1988  :

1 The results of the divers' observations on June 15, 1988 are plotted in Figure 8B. No denuded or stunted zones could be '

defined along the 80-m transect line. The small denuded area near  !

the boulder was colonized by a sparse growth of algae. Although growth was sparse in some areas, Chondrus, Laminaria, and Fucus were present throughout the entire area. Rocks that had been bare of algal growth were sparsely covered with Chondrus. Fucus and 30 l

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A. MARCit 16, 1988. B. JUNE 15, 1988.

the coralline alga corallina were also present on some' of the rocks about 40 m along the transect line.

DISCUSSION The impact of the thermal effluent on algal and faunal communities near PNPS appears to have been reversed during the two years of power outage at PNPS. Fluctuations in the PNPS operations have resulted in various departures from the typical relationships between the Effluent and reference stations sampled as part of this study. These responses were summarized in Semi-Annual Report No. 31 (BECO, 1988) and will not be repeated in detail here. In general, impacts on the benthic communities during "normal" operations have primarily affected the less dominant components of the Effluen*, station communities. In addition, a distinct zone of acute impact that fluctuates in lateral and offshore extent in response to variations in PNPS output developed in the area immediately adjacent to the dischargo canal.

The most significant result during the current report period is the decline in the acute impact zone, which had been denuded of the Irish moss Chondrus c_ri s pu s , or contained only stunted specimens of the alga. In March 1988, boundaries of denuded or stunted growth zones were no longer clearly defined, and by June 1988 there were no areas that could be characterized as denuded.

Patchy Chondrus growth was seen throughout the historically denuded area, and both Laminaria spp. and Fucus spp. were also seen. No warm-water indicator species such as Gracilaria spp.

were seen in March or June 1988, nor have they been recorded since September 1986. These results indicate a dramatic recovery within the zone of acute impact in response to the power outage at PNPS.

Other measures of the algal and faunal communities, however, indicate that the Effluent station continues to differ from the two reference stations. All three stations were dominated by the 32

bivalve Mytilus edulis, but faunal density and diversity were oignificantly lower at the Effluent station than at Manomet Point or Rocky Point, whether M. edulis was included or not. When Mytilus was included, diversities were lower in March 1988 than in March 1987, especially at Rocky Point, but when Mytilus was cxcluded, diversity was higher in March 1988 than in March 1987 at all stations.

Similarity between the Effluent station and the two reference stations, based on the Bray-Curtis analysis of log-transformed data, was 56 percent. This value is lower than has recently been obtained for periods when the plant was not operating, and may reflect the one Effluent station replicate that had unusually low densities. In 1987, similarity between the Effluent station and the reference stations has exceeded 70 percent (BECO, 1988).

l l

4 33

LITERATURE CITED BECO. 1982. Marine ecology studies related to operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual report No. 19. Boston, MA.

BECO. 1987a. Marine ecology studies' related to operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 29. Boston, MA.

BECO. 1987b. Marine ecology studies related to operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 30. Boston, MA.

BECO. 1988. Marina ecology studies related to operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 31. Boston, MA Grieg-Smith, P. 1964. Quantitative Plant Ecology. 2nd Ed.

Butterworths, Washington. 256 pp.

Heltshe, J.F. and N.E. Forrester. 1983. Estimating species richness using the jacknife procedure. Biometrics 39:1-11.

Hurlbert, S.H. 1971. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative parameters. Ecology 52:577-586.

I f

1 f

34 l

J l

i E4 Ichthyoplankton Entrainment Monitoring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station January - June 1988 4

Submitted to J

Boston Edison Company Boston, Massachusetts l

by I Marina Research, Inc.

Talmouth, Massachusetts i

i September 14, 1988

]

i

' Revised i'

September 29, 1988 i

i 1

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g. - _ - - - - - - - - -

t

. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE I

SUMMARY

1 II INTRODUCTION 3 III METHODS 4 IV RESULTS 11 V LITERATURE CITED 17

( APPENDIX A* Densities of fish eggs and larvae per 100 m8 of water recorded in the PNPS discharge canal by species, date, and I replicate, January-June 1988. Al APPENDIX B Mean monthly densities and range per 100 m8 of water for the dominant species

( of fish eggs and larvae entrained at l PNPS, January-June, 1975-1988. B1

• Available upon request.

l LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1 Entrainment sampling station in PNPS l discharge canal. S j 2 Location of entrainment contingency l

plan sampling stations. 10 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 Species of fish eggs (E) and larvae (L)

[ obtained in ichthyoplankton co'11ections from the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station discharge canal, January-June 1988. 12

3ECTION I

SUMMARY

Ichthyoplankton entrainment samples were collected from the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) discharge canal in triplicate twice per month in January and February, weekly from March through June. Although PNPS was out of service for an extended period, one of two circulating seawater pumps was in operation on each sampling occasion.

Through the first six months of 1988, 34 species of fish vers identified in the ichthyoplankton samples; 16 were represented by eggs, 28 by larvae.

Tho winter-early spring spawning period (January-April) was dominated primarily by American plaice, fourbeard rockling, and winter flounder eggs as well as sculpin, rock gunnel, seasnail, and sand lance larvae. May and June collections reflected the late spring-summer spawning species dominated numerically by Atlantic mackerel and labrid eggs as well as seasnail, vinter flounder, and mackerel larvae.

Comparison of January-June 1988 egg and larval densities with those observed over the 1975-1987 period suggested that Atlantic cod eggs were i

relatively uncommon from January through March and during May. On the other hand, windowpane eggs in May and mackerel eggs in June exceeded previous high densities for those respective months. Among the larvae in 1988 three species were found to be notably abundant: rock gunnel in March, seasnails in April, and sculpin in February and March; in each of these cases respective 1988 monthly mean densities exceeded all previous x 'n values for the same month.

1

~ _ .

Larval sculpin densities on February 25 and March 16, 1988 were unusually high as defined by the contingency sampling program. In both cases the unusual densities appeared to be short-lived. ,

No lobster larvae were collected through June.

t I

i 2

SECTION II INTRODUCTION-This progress. report briefly. summarizes results of ichthyoplankton entrainment sampling conducted at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) from January through June 1988 by Marine Research. Inc. (MRI) for Boston Edison Company (BEco) under Purchase Order No. 65221. A more detailed annual report covering all 1988 data will be prepared following the July-December collection periods.

I I

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)

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(

SECTION III METHODS Entrainment sampling at PNPS for January-June 1988 consisted of collecting triplicate samples twice monthly in January and February followed by weekly sets of. triplicates from March through June. Sampling utilized rigging mounted approximately 30 meters from the discharge canal headwall as in past years ,

All collections were made with a 0.333-mm mesh, 60-cm diameter  !

(Figure 1).

plankton net fitted with a General Oceanics Model 2030R digital flowmeter.

Although PNPS was out of service throughout the period, one of two circulating s'awater e pumps was-in operation during each collection period.

All samples were preserved in 10% Formalin and returned to the laboratory for microscopic analysis. Fish eggs and larvae were identified to the lowest distinguishable taxonomic category and counted. Common and scientific names followed Robins et al. (1980). In most cases, species were identifiable.

In certain cases, however, eggs- particularly in the early stages of develop-ment--could not be identified at the species level in the preserved samples.

v In such cases, species were grouped. A brief description of each of these egg groupings is given below.  ;

+ Gadidae-Glyptocephalus group (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua; haddock i

Melanogrammus aeglefinus; pollock, Pollachius virens; and witch flounder, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus): egg diameters overlap, no oil globule p i

present. Stage III eggs (those containing embr'o.s whose tails have [

grown free of the yolk; Ahlstrom and Counts 1955) are separated based l on relative size and pigmentation combinations. Haddock eggs are (

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O ICHTHYOPLANKTON UNIT I STATION t i 100 METERS Figure 1. Entrainment sampling station in PNPS discharge canal.

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difficult to identify until shortly before hatching (late stage 111)..

Because of this, some early stage III haddock eggs may have been iden-tified as cod eggs. This error should be quite small judging from the  !

relatively low numbers of late state III haddock eggs and haddock '

larvae collected at PNPS. The gadidae-Glyptocephalus grouping was not considered necessary in January and February because it is unlikely that witch flounder spawn during these months (Tahay 1983) and haddock 1

spawning is not likely to occur in peak numbers during January and February (Hardy 1978). All eggs of the gadidae-Glyptocephalus type were therefore classified as either cod or pollock based on differing egg diameters during those two months. ,

e Enchelyopus-Urophycis-Peprilus group (fourbeard rockling, Enchelyopus cimbrige; hake, ,Urophycis spp.; and butterfish, Pepeilus triacanthus): ,

egg and oil globule diameters overlap. Stage III eggs are separateri based on diefstences in sebrycnic pigmentation.

• Merluccius-Stenotomus-Cynoscion group (silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis; scup, Stenotomus chrysops; and weakfish, Cynoscion regalis): egg and oil globule diameters overlap. Stage III eggs are separated based on j dif ferences in embryonic pigmentation.

+ Labridae-timanda group (tautog, Tautoga onitis; cunner, Tautogolabrus e

adspersus; and yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea): no oil globule present, egg diameters overlap. Stage III eggs are separated into labridae and yellowtail flounder based on differences in embryonic i pigmentation. A high percentage of the two species of labrid eggs are 1

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. - - - - - - - - - - _ - - . _ . = - - _ _ - .

distinguishable, but only with individual, time-consuming measurement (Marine Research 1977). Labrid eggs are therefore grouped in all three stages of development in PNPS samples.

• Paralichthys-Scophthalmus group (fourspot flounder, Paralichthys oblongus; and windowpane, Scophthalmus aquosus): oil globule and egg diameters as well as pigmentation are quite similar. Separation of these two species, even at stage III, remains uncertain. They are therefore grouped in all cases.

Eggs of the bay anchovy (Anchos mitchilli) and striped anchovy (Anchoa hepsetus) are easily distinguishable, but their larvae are not. Eggs of i

these fishes were therefore listed by species while the larvae are listed j simply as Anchoa spp.

Several other groups of eggs and larvae were not identified to species

because adequate descriptions of each species are not available at this cime.

4 These groupings are as follows:

)

• Urophycis_spp. - consists of the red hake (U. chuss), the spotted hake (U. regia), and the white hake (U. tenuts).

Most larvae (and eggs) in this genus collected at PHPS are probably red hake (see summary in Hardy 1978).

• Menidia spp. - consists of the inland silverside (21. beryllina) and Atlantic silverside (pl. menidia). Atlantic silverside larvae are probably more likely to occur as far north as Plymouth based on their more northerly distribution.

• Ammodytes sp. No species d6signation was given the sand lance because considerable taxonomic confusion exists in the literature (se.e for example 7

Richards et al. 1963; Scott, 1968, 1972; Winters 1970; Fahay J983).

Meyer et 41. (1979) examinad adults collected on Ste11wagen nank and classified them as A. americanus (= A. hexapterus). This population is probably the source of larvas entrained at PNPS.

• Prionotus spp. - consists of the northern searobin (P. carolinus) and the striped searobin (P,. evolans).

Larval rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) , cunner, and winter flounder

(Pseudopleuronectes americanus) were classified into three or four arbitrary devalopmental stages because these species have been of particular interest in studios at PNPS. These developmental stages and corresponding length ranges are given below.

Rainbow smelt 4

Stage I - from hatching until the yolk sac is fully absorbed (5-7 mm TL).

g Stage II a fece the end of stage I until dorsal fin rays become visible (6-12 mm Ti.).

Stage III - fica the end of stage II onward (11.5-20 mm TL).

i.

4 cunner

! Definitions of development stages are the same as for smelt larvae.

i Observed size ranges for each state are: stage I, 1.6-2.6 mm TL; i

stage II, 1.8-6.0 mm TL: stage III, 6.5-14 mm TL.

Winter flounder Stage I - from hatching until the yolk sac is fully absorbed (2.3-2.8 mn TL).

Stage II - from the end of stage I until a loop or coil forms in the gut (2.6-4 mm TL).

8

Stage III - from the end of stage II until the lef t eye migrates past the midline of the head during transformation (3.5-8 mm TL).

Stage IV - from the end of stage III onward (7.1-8.2 nan TL).

Generally entire samples were examined for fish larvae and all but the most abundant types of fish eggs. When a species was especially abundant,

^

subsamples were obtained with a plankton splitter modified from Motoda (1959; see also Van Guelpen et al. 1982). Samples collected from May through October were examined completely for larval lobsters (Homarus americanus).

When the Cape Cod Bay ichthyoplankton study was completed in 1976, a contingence sampling plan was added to the entrainment monitoring program.

This plan was designed to be implemented if eggs or larvae of any dominant species proved to be "unusually abundant" in the PNPS discharge samples.

"Unusually abundant" was defined as any mean density, calculated over three replicates, which was found to bg 50% greater than the highest mean density observed during the same month from 1975 through 1987.

The contingency sampling plan consisted of taking additional sets of triplicates from the PNPS discharge on subsequent dates to monitor the temporal extent of the unusual density. An optional of fshore sampling regimo was also established to study the spatial distribution of the species in question. The offshore contingency program consisted of single, oblique tows at each of 13 stations (Figure 2) on both rising and falling tides for a total of 26 samples. Any contingency sampling required authorization from the Boston Edison Senior Parine Fisheries Biologist.

9

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i Tigure 2. Location of entrainment contingency plan sampling stations, C-1 through C-13.

10

i SECTION IV RESULTS Population densities per 100 m of water for each species listed by 8

date, station, and replicate are presented for the January-June period of ,

1988 in Appendix A (available upon request). The occurrence of eggs.and u

larvae of each species by month appears in Table 1.

Ichthyoplankton entrained during January through April generally repre-sent winter-early spring spawning fishes. The number of species found in the discharge ao11ections was four in January, ten in February, 16 in March, and 17 in April. Samples contained relatively few eggs since species con-tributing the greatest numbers to entrainment during this period spawn demersal, adhesive eggs which art not normally subject to entrainment. Only two eggs were found during January and February ccmbined, one aa emidentified demersal, the other an American plaice (Hippoglossoides_platessoides). March samples contained a greater variety of eggs (5 species) with wintar flounder being numerically dominant. They accounted for 92% of the month's total with a mean density of 9 eggs per 100 m 8 of water. Fourbeard rockling, Atlantic cod, American plaice, and yellowtail flounder, all with mean monthly densities less than 1 per 100 m , completed the March egg catch.

8 April collections contained six species of eggs with plaice and rockling being most numerous; monthly mean densities per 100 m 8 of 3.7 and 3.3 accounted for 26 and 24% of the total, respectively. Atlantic cod, haddock, yellowtail, and winter flounder completed the catch. Since winter flounder eggs are demersal and adhesive, their densities in the PNPS discharge canal cannot be considered 11

Table 1. Species of fish eggs (E) and larvae (L) obtained in ichthyoplankton collections from the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station discharge canal, January-June 1988.

Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun American eel Anguilla rostrata L L Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus E/L

! Atlantic herring Clupea harengus harengus L L L Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax L L

, Coosefish _Lophius americanus E Fourbeard rockling Enchelyopus cimbrius E E/L E/L E/L Atlantic cod Cadus morhua L E/L E E E/L i

lladdock Melanogrammus seglefinus E Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis E eo Attantic toscod Microgadus toscod L L L L Pollock Pollachius virens L L L IIake Urophycis spp. E Northern pipefish Syngnathus fuscus L Silversides Menidia spp. L Wrasses Labridae E E Tautog Tautoga onitis L

, Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus L Snakeblenny Lumpenus lumpretaeformis L i Radiated shanny Ulvaria subbifurcata L L L i

Rock gunnel Pholis gunnellus L L L L L Sand lance Ammodytes sp. L L L L

~

Table 1 (continued).

Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May' Jun Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus E E/L Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus E Searobins Prionotus spp. E Grubby Myoxocephalus menaeus L L L L L Longhorn sculpin M. octodecesspinosus L L L Shorthorn sculpin M. scorpius L L L Lumpfish Cyclopterus Iunpus L Seasnail Liparis atlanticus L L L L Gulf snailfish L. coheni L L L Windowpane Scophthalmus aquesus E E/L Witch flounder Clyptocephalus cynoglossus E E/L American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides E E/L E/L E/L. E/L Yellowtail flounder Lisanda ferruginea E E .E/L E Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus E E/L L L

representative of densities in the waters around Rocky Point. Those which were collected from the discharge canal were probably dislodged from the bottom by currents or perhaps fish.

Larval collections during the winter-early spring period contained increasing, numbers of species with each successive month - 4 in January, 9 in February, 13 in March, and 14 in April. Numerical dominants included sculpin (Myoxocephalus spp.), rock gunnel (Pholis runne11us), seasnails (Liparis spp.), and sand lance. Sculpin densities averaged 0.4 in January j (37% of the total larval catch), 41 in February (82% of total),115 in March  ;

(48%), and 43 per 100 m 8 in April (43%), with the grubby (M. senaeus) being l r

I most abundant overall among the three' species. For rock gunnel densities i per 100 m2 of water were 0.5 in January (50% of total), 8 in February (16%), ,

4 118 in March (50%), and 4.in April (5%). Larval seasnails were uncommon until i April when a monthly mean of 17 larvae per 100 m 2 was recorded representing i

25% of the larval catch; the majority of these~(99.4") were L. atlantieus, i

Larval sand lance did not appear in the January collections, averaged 0.4 per ,

100 ma in the February collectior.s (1% of the catch), 2 per 100 m 8 in March i

(1%), and 11 in April (16%).

l May and June collections (along with July) consist of late spring-summer i

i spawning species. Overall 19 species were represented in May and 18 were i

! represented in June, with 9 and 13 species being represented by eggs in those ,

I two respective months. Numerically dominant eggs included Atlantic sackerel t

4 t

(Scomber seembrus) and the labrids. Mackeret accounted for 87" of the eggs i l

6 taken in May and 61% of those taken in June; monthly densities amounted to l.

i 1

. IO 4 .

I

- . ., _ ---. _ _ - _. ._ _ _ _ _ - - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - _ - - - - . . - _ . _ . _ _ , - _ - - . - _ ~ . . .

1724 and 2220 per 100 m* respectively. Combined, labrid-Limanda and labrid eggs accounted for an additional 6% of the eggs in May and 35% of the eggs in June. t Larval collections contained 13 species in May, 15 in June, with sea- ,

snails (only L. atlantieus were found during this period), winter flounder, and Atlantic mackerel being the numerical dominants. Seasnails represented 42% of the larvae in May with a monthly mean density of 28 per 100 m 8 of water and 35% of the larvae in June with a monthly mean of 7 per 100 m 8 .

Winter flounder added 35% in May, 3% in June; monthly mean donsities were l

24 and 1 per 100 m 8

, respectively. Larval mackerel were not found until l June at which time a monthly mean density of 6 per 100 m 8 accounted for 29%

of the total larval catch.

! Appendix B lists mean monthly densities for each of the numerical dominants collected over the January-June period dating back to 1975. A general review of the data through the first six months of 1988 suggests i

i that month by month egg densities were within the range of monthly mean densities observed over the past 13 years with three exceptions:

l

1) Atlantic cod eggs were relatively uncommon from January through March i e

]

and during May. None were found in January for the third time and none  !

i

! vere found in February for the first time. March and May mean monthly 1

I densities were both the lowest yet observed over the 1975-1988 period.

1

2) Paralichthys-Scophthalmus_ eggs, which the larval collections suggested were primarily windowpane, were relatively abundant in May. The 1988 mean  ;

, r monthly density of 74 per 100 3 8 exceeded the previous May high (1980) by I a factor of 2.2. 3) Mackeret eggs were also abundant in June 1988 exceeding '

l w

June 1986, the previous high, by a factor of 8.0. ,

15 i l

~. . - .

lr Similar results were obtained among the 1crvae comparing 1988 with the l previous 13 years, again with three notable exceptions:- 1) Rock gunnel were.relatively abundant in March, the 1988 monthly mean of 118 per 100 m 8 of water just exceeding March 1984 (109 per 100 m3 ), the previous March

' high value. 2) Larval 1easnaitt ere more abundant in April 1988 (17.4 per 100 m8 ) than in previous Aprf,is, just barely surpassing 1977 (16.9 per 100 m ),

8 the previous high. 3) 1svJa! sculpin were numerous in February 1988 due f i

mainly to the shorthorn sc.ulpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and in March due {

mainly to the grubby. -shorthorn sculpin were absent from most previous Tebruary collections being found in only three years since 1979; in 1988 6

a mean density of 33 per 100 m 8 was obtained for the month, 5.3 times the previous February high obrerved in 1985. In March of 1988, with a monthly mean of 103 per 100 m8 , grubby exceeded the previous March peak (1980) by ,

a factor of 1.7.  ;

Larval sculpin densities on February 25, 1988 (79 per 100 m ; 81", = M.

8  ;

i scorpius) and March 16, 1988 (308 per 100 m ; 95" = _M. senaeus) were unusually 8

[

t high as defined under the contingency sampling program. In both cases, sub-sequent sampling on March 1 and March 21 suggested that the relatively high l l

densities were of short duration as values returned to levels below the 1 unutual level within those time frames. No additional, unscheduled sampling was conducted in response to the hig'.t densitics because no excess heat or chlorine were introduced due to the extended plant outage, and both circulating seawater pumps were frequently off between sampling periods. j No lobster larvae were found through June 1988.  !

f I

i 16 j

SECTION V LITERATURE CITED Ahlstrom, t.H. and R.C. Counts, l'*5. Eggs and larvae of the Pacif.e hake, Merluccius productus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Bulletin 56(99):295-329.

Fahay, M.P. 1983. Guide to the early stages of marine fishes occurring in the western northern Atlantic Ocean, Cape Hatteras to the southern Scotian Shelf. .Jurnal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, Volume 4, 423p.

Hardy, J.D., Jr. 1978. Development of fishes of the mid-Atlantic Bignt.

An atlas of egg, larval and juvenile stages. Volume II. Anguillidae through syngnathidae. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Service Program. 458p.

Marine Research, Inc. 1977. Investigations of entrainment of ichthyoplankton at the Pilgrim Statien and Cape Cod Day ichthyoplankton studies, March-December 1977; twelve-month summary for 1977, Cape Cod Bay ichthyoplankton s'sdies. III.C.2-1. Jn,: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of 111 grim Station, Semi-annual Report No.11. Boston Edison Company.

Meyer, T.L., R.A. Cooper, and R.W. Langtca. 1979. Relative abundance, behavior, and food habies of the American sand lance, Ammodytes americanus, from the Gulf of Maine. Fishery Bulletin U.S. 77:243-253.

Motoda, S. 1959. Devices of simple plaukton apparatus. Memoirs of the Faculty if Fisheries, Hokkaido University 7:73-94.

Richards, S.J., A. Perlmutter, and D.C. McAneny. 1963. A taxonomic study of the genus Ammodytes from the east coast of North America (Teleostei:

Ammodytes). Copeia 1963(2):358-377.

Robins C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Btooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea, and W.B. Scott. 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 12. 174p.

Scott, J.S. 1968. Morphometrics, distribution, growth, and maturity of offshore sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) on the Nova Scotia banks.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Soked of Canada 25:1775-1785.

. 1972. Morphological and meristic variation in Northwest Atlantic sand lances (Ammodytes). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 29:1673-1678.

Van Cuelpen. L., D.F. Markle, and D.J. Duggan. 1982. An evaluation of accuracy, precision, and speed of several zooplankton subsampling techniques. Inter-national Council for the Exploration of the Sea 40:226-236.

Winters, C.H. 1970. Meristics and morphometrics of sand lance in the Newfoundland area. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27:2104-2108.

17

l l

i l

l APPENDIX A* Densities of fish eggs and larvae per 100 m 8 of water recorded in the PNPS discharge Janal I by species, date, and replicate, January-June f 1988.

I l

l l

l

• Available upon request.

l A1

l I

APPENDIX B. Mean monthly densities and range per 100 m3 of water t

for the dominant species of fish eggs and larvae

~

entrained at PNPS. January-June 1975-1988.

1

Some standardization of data sets was required to adjust for changes

,' - in the sampling program which have occurred over the years:

1. Only 0.333-mm mesh net dsta were used in these cas.as (1975) when '

i field sampling was carried out using both 0.333 and 0.505 mesh nets. l

2. When, as in 1976 and 1977, 24-hour sampling series were conducted, the samples taken nearest the time of daylight low tide were selected for comparison since this conforms to the routine specification for

• the time of entrainment sampling used in all nubsequent years.

3. For the same reason only daylight low tide data were used when, in 1975, samples were also taken at high tide and/or at night.

4 Cod and pollock egg densities were summed to make up the category  ;

a "gadidae" since these eggs were not distinguished prior to 1976.

! E in January and February when witch flounder do not spawn, all three  ;

i

e64 stages are included in this category. During the remaining months, early-stage eggs are included with the gadidae-Glyptocephalus group.

5 Beginning in April when the Enchelyopus-Ursphytis-Peptilus grouping became necessary, the listing for Encholyopus cimbrius includes i

only late-stage eggs, the two early stages being included with the grouped eggs.

! 6. Since the Brosme-Scomber grouping was not considered necessary af ter 1983, grouped eggs were added to S. scombrus eggs in the table for

1975-1983 (B. brosme eggs having always been rare).

St

7. Sculpin latvae were identified to species beginning in 1979 following Khan (1971)*. They are shown by species beginning with that year as well as added together (Myoxocephalus spp.) for comparison with prior years.

8. Similar resuits are shown for seasnail larvae which were not speciated prior to 1981.

9. Although samples were in fact taken once in April 1976 and once in March and August 1977, comparisons with other years when sampling was weekly are not valid and consequently do not appear in the table. Data collected in 1974 was not included because samples were not collectsd at low tide in all cases.

10. When extra sampling series were required under the contingency sampling regime, results were included in calculating monthly mean densities.

Table format: Range

• Khan, N.Y. 1971. Comparative morphology and ecology of the pelagic larvae of nine cottidae (Pisces) on the northwest Atlantic and St. Lawrence drainage. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ottawa. 234p.

8:

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ht -

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O 4 W 4 b A M" H

• m M, Q Q = i MO

nay 1980 1981 1982 1983 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 tGGs 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 crevoortis tyrannus 0-1 GeJadse-Clyptocephalus O- 0 0 1.1 (1.5) (1.2) (9.6) (1.8) (1.2) (0.8) (0.I) (0.6) 0-3 0-61 0-5 0-4 0-3 0-0.8 O-3 Ged e d se* 0-3 0-4 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.6 1.5 1.2 9.6 1.8 0-61 0-4 0-3 0-0.8 0-3 cadus morhus 0-4 0-3 0-5 0 0 0 0 0 0 <

- 0 0 toll.<hsus virens s .. he lyopu s-tir ophyc i s-Fepr 9 t us 0 A 4 l 14.0 10.9 5.3 52.0 15.1 0.9 11.8 s 25.3 30.8

- t e.ct.,1 yop..s cialer ius 6-70 0-91 0-32 0-37 0-15 10-73 0-55 0-2 0-59 0 0 0 0 t's ..pl.yc a spp. 0 0 0 5 280.8 180 A MM M .0 M.I H 7.8 M.2

.8 12.0 t at.a s a me-i.s m.nd s 3-1240 3-11809 6-9475 5-9333 2-94 4-248 0-209 2-1248 5-23

~

~ * ~

1at.:sJaa 0-2 O

0-55 0-169 0-19 0-431 0-23 0.5-15 0-1 46.0 56.8 82.2 231.6 47.2 160.9 116.4 2.5 3.0 l

3. .mt.< r scoota r u s*

• 0-104 0-308 0.2-355 57-621 0-195 2-705 0-424 0-8 0-11 l

o.oi er s na s..a app. 0-0.5 10.4 21.0 34.0 22.2 11.7 9.6 10.1 6.3 12.5 syr lachehyu-Scophthalmus 0-19 2-32 0-169 0-76 7-67 0-64 0-43 0-27 0-64

!! ' M"' r.l " ' *

• d *

• P I* ' * * * ' d *

• O m 6 0 9 20l7.8 1638.3 3489.0 851.6 251.9 185.9 l 196.5 74.7 396.3 10-524 Tot.1 35-12t> 31-1324 13-12428 45-9925 1-10314 29-368 40-425 l 82-1366

• k<g.r esent s late-stage C. amerhua and P. virens eggs.

• l uc l ude s R r o mme-Scomie r . 1975-1983.

L_

g:ccg M*Y 1984 1985 1986 1987 1989 heevoortla eyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 l

2.0 1.0 0.6 2.0 0.2 C.eJadme-Glyptocephalus 0-8 0-3 0-5 0-73 0-2 Cadidae*

(1.0) (0.5) (0.2) (0.4) (0.004) 0-5 0-2 0-2 0-3 0-1 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.004 cadus maschus 0-5 0-2 0-2 0-3 0-1 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 8.5 14.9 46.0 19.8 27.5 i nche l yopu s-tirophyc i s-Pe pr i lus 0-41 0-98 3-189 l-66 0-131

-m suchelyopus cimbrius 8.4 9.8 22.5 17.5 39.2 0-44 1-22 0-52 0-57 1-91 0.9 0.1 0.1 tirophycis spp. 0 0 0-9 0-1 0-1 9.5 1464.8 54.0 20.2 108.8 1.4bridme- g anda 0-4622 2-225 0-40 0-141 3-424 1.a t,r i dae 0.4 2.6 2.4 0.8 7.5 0-5 0-16 OM 0-5 0-23 Scomber scon,brus** 17.9 2485.5 116.1 36.1 1723.7 0-44 5-20871 30-236 0-125 0-11981 Peionotus spp. 0 0.3 0.1 0-1 0

0-1 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 7.5 25.0 27.4 9.9 74.3 043 3-85 2-92 0*4 0-392 na proglossosdes plates soides 2.4 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.08 0-6 0-7 0-2 0-4 0-1 Tas t a l 59.5 4051.5 275.8 111.2 1989.1 19-123 38-21505 75-513 21-407 17-12625

• Represents late-stage C. storhua and P. virens eggs, o locludes Brosme-Scouber, 1975-1983.

June 1979 1980 1981 1992 1983 1975 1976 1977 1978 1c05 0.3 1.7 0.7 19.1 1.9 3.1 0.7 0.5 0.3 0-4 me<voorena tyrannus 0-1 0-3 0-9 O-2 0-83 0-10 0-11 0-2 2.7 0.5 0.4 2.5 1.5 6.4 C ad i d ae-Cl y pe ace pha l u s 1.1 2.3 2.6 0-11 0-7 O-5 0-16 0-9 0- 3 U 0-4 0-6 0.8 (1.5) (5.3) (2.0) (0.4) (9.7) (3.2) (0.2' (03)

,,,,, 0-25 0-21 0-1 0-5 0-3 0-4 0-27 O-7 0-2 ca.t u m enorhua O 7 0 0-0 0 0 0 0

- 0 0 0 s..lI.this:s wir no 38.0 34.7 93.7 8.8 39.8 28.5 11.3 24.4 75.8 03- 6-140 t ..< t.< l yopus-11s ophyc i s-Fepe t t us 0-308 17-98 2-26 4-634 16-55 2-25 0-96 18.4 6.9 14.0 25.6 51.5 14.7 24.3 49.8 3 e n.: tie t yop.is c a nt.r s us 20.0 I-76 9-90 5-114 0-33 2-65 2-51 7-38 OE 0-39

o. 27 O- 6

'_1'1 2i18 8PP- o 5 5217.8 631.0 3497.7 1607.8 6978.7

'2432.0 699.0 5739.1 1317.7 1080-10505 248-1266 164-12537 276-4588 57-17918 8*1d**~3'**ah 309 5501 147-2258 289-19708 24-3876 216.3 101.6 199.0 155.2 189.7 137.1 75.4 185.4 90.6 50-774 13-191 82-1492 75-238 14-650

• • '"'d*** 0-294 7-249 26-1181 0-262 18.0 40.8 155.9 135.2 144.1 126.3 5.0 55.0 151.8 4-41 0-100 3-1083 0-663 5-202 sc . t,< s s c omt,r u t

• 4-746 0.E 9 6-199 O-360 0 0 $

t e noe osus app.

61.2 27.5 64.3 38.7 45.2 18.2 17.2 18.6 41.8 2-76 89 a l s ch a t.y s-Scopht halmas 3-129 0-132 20-141 14-26 0-501 5-83 2-78 0-73 O

" '.1-1" *L3 " * *" ' d *

• P *I ' * *

• o i d e s 1934.7 5620.2 9 30.5 4158.4 1974.2 7634.9 2s19.8 856.2 6301.5 309-18628

342-2393 609-19425 228-5917 1401-18522 414-1652 407-22226 420-4912 819-5718 I .-pzement k s late-st age C. m rt us and P. ve rens eggs.

= = s uc l aule s m e .as.e- Sc ent.e r , 1975-1933.

""* 1938 IGCs 1984 1985 1986 1987 9.7 1.0 2.1 0.6 11.0 crevoortaa tyrannus 0-56 0-51 0-8 0-9 O-4 2.4 0.9 1.0 0.4 17 Gadadse-clyptocephalus 0-14 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-5 (0.8) (0.2) (0.I) (0.8) (0.3)

Gadadae 0-5 0-3 0-1 0-1 0-2 0.8 0.2 0.I O.8 0.3 Gadus mothua 0-1 0-1 0-5 0-2 0-3 rollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 12.3 19.1 45.0 20.2 39.2 1:nchetyopus-Urophycis-Pepritus 1-44 3-50 0-204 0-80 2-137 3 3.1 8.6 74.5 23.3 51.0

.. a.nchelyopus cimbrius 4-196 0-12 0-19 1-223 3-52 1.0 3.6 4.8 6.0 3.1 tre ophyc a s spp.

0-6 0-9 0-19 0-24 0-10 1489.9 639.9 1826.0 5166.2 1100.8 Labradae-Lamanda 47-5983 52-1126 332-6515 177-14223 238-3907 2.0 94.9 62.6 110.7 163.8 Labradae 67-338 0-6 12-241 0-119 2-359 33.4 109.8 276.7 122.6 2220.3 Scomber scombrus 1-88 3-349 0-990 12-411 27-6243 0.5 5.4 3.3 77.0 2.3 Prionotus spp. o.4' o-g5 g.9 o-225 0-20 9.9 43.9 25.9 51.7 49.9 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0-31 2-95 7-42 9-119 3-97 0.1 1.5 0.1

appntl assotdes platessoides 0-1 0-13 0-2 1581.1 936.7 2126.7 5589.8 3654.5 g

93-6074 79-1798 499-6712 313-14910 474-7879

• liepresents late-stage C. morhua and P. virens eggs.

• • Includes Bronme-Scomber. 1975-1983.

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tnevat 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 V 1 0.8 0.4 0.1 2.4 0.3 4.3 clures hereaans hoseemise- 0 0-2 0-4 0-2 1-10 0-2 0-1 e actie I yapes eimbe tus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O s 0 0 0 0 0 'O Ta.e t omo t et.e us ad oper :- e,

• 0.1 til wa r i a sul.lifurcete 0 0 0 0 0 o 0-0.5 14.0 11.2 9.3 22.5 23.7 18.7 6.4 H**3*a tuaa*II"' 26-47 0.7-28 1-34 0-8L l-62 13-34 3-25 o a Am.odytes af. ISai E O it*t $4*0 41'0 3$'4 i90*0 Q 11-60 0.7-22 9-228 1-157 10-78 0-613 0-29 sc oa l.e r sc n eus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

., .a es

61. m na 32.8 (12.3) (63.1) (35.3) (27.6) ( 6_. 7 )

• ty. ocephalus opp. 5-91 0-17 17-137 11-65 1-35 0-182 0-67 sc e. i 12.3 61.0 33.4 25.5 6. 6 -  !

U "'"*'"*

• • ~

g.35 0-177 4-86 4-64 OM I

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0 C 5 1

.a 0.5 m 0.4 3M M.M (0.8) (1.0 t s ,.s e n s spp. *-

0 0-18 0-2 0-1 0-8 0-1 0-4 E 0.04 1.4-

t. attantseus - - - - 0 g 5

en . . .

t, . c .,t.cn i .

0.0i 0.i 0.- 2.6 i.3 I.. ...... ..... .t.s rt. a 0 ,,

0-0.5 0-0.7 0-5 0-12 0-7 l l

l 127.5

• 55.7 76.8 129.2 99.6 240.6 28.1 I T ** '

• I 66-236 o 26-96 11-293 3-385 43-163 31-174 1-43 I

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S

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April lacynt 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981- 1982 1943 1.3 0.1 0.3 -0.6 0.1 1.0 1.9 Clupes t.orecaus hereamus 0-1 0.4-5 0-9 0-12 0-1 0-2 0-3

> 0.04 tact.elyopus ciebrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5

.a Tautogolet>eus odsperses 0 " 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o

M 3.9 0.2 0.3 2.5 0.3 ' 0.1 3.9 tilworia subbi f urcat e 0-19 0-19 0-2 0-1 0-6 0-2 0-2 0-11 1.8 sm 4.0 1.5 3.7 0.4 3.4 32.8 3.4 etiales runnellus 0-8 0-19 0-5 0-13 0-1 0-14 0-75 0-21 O

6.6 u.a 3sa.s 92.1 50.3 33.0 a.1 16.2 A***df'" 8 P' O.E S 6-85 6-1252 26-196 0-171 7-M 2WI O-58 as sc o.t.e r scombrus 0 , 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E e- (16.3) (16.4) (19.2) (se.5) (1,0)

~~ 72 30.7 21.3 eiyomoceptietus opp.

3Q g4 57 0 57 1-32 0-59 2-53 0-347 0-24 16.3 16.4 18.6 88.2 7.0

' ' . **"**"" o g-32 0-59 2-53 0-344 03-sE 0.4 0.2 0 0 0

3. octodeccespinosus - - -

0-2 0-1 0.1 0.2 0

g. scorpius - *' - -

0 0 0-1 0-3 e.

3.5 16.9 1.s 2.1 5.3 (0.9) (0.9) '85.3) 8*P*eas spp.

07

• 0-72 0-7 0-8 0-29 M 0-4 1-69

" 0.9 15.3

[. estantscus

, 0-3 1-69 0.9

- - - - - 0 0 l;. c otica s 0-4

" 2.1 3.6 1.8 9.5 15.6 2.9 a.9 5.6 P.nu.topleuronectes emericane.s x 0-21 0-127 0-8 2-24 0-3 0-36 0-13 0.8-10 29.7 103.1 458.2 820.5 36.0 M.5 185.4 51.7 total g4 43 e l54 21-1324 57-233 4-2M 29-142 4-732 3-135

i Pril 1984 1985 1$86 1987 1988

1. Altv A E 0.1 0.4 0.9 Clupea harengua harengus 0 0-3 0-0.9 0-2 l 0.1 a.nchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0-1 Trutogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 4.8 2.2 o 0.8 Utvaria subbifurcata 0 0-3 0-21 0-8 a:

2.4 29.1 8.4 3.5 pholis runne11os

• 0-11 0-77 O-27 0-8 22.4 35.7 11.0 Asunod y t e s sp. 0 e. 0-64 1-89 0 356

• O Sco.at>e r scombras 0 0 0

- 4 I (2.9) (121.1) (72.6) "

(43.0)

Nyomocephalus spp. 0-11 18-442 1-295 3-111 2.9 121.0 71.9 28.9

g. acnaeu" 0-11 18-442 1-292 o 3-111

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IMPINGEMENT OF ORGANISMS AT

' PILGRIM NUCLEAR. POWER STATION l

'E (Ja.1Jary - June 1988) i

.6 1

Preparedbyi [ .

/n g Robert D. Anderson Senior Marine Fisherles Biologist P

Nuclear Engineering Department .

Licensing Olvision Boston Edison Company i

October 1988 l

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TABLE OF CONTENTS l

Section Title Page 1

SUMMARY

I 2 INTRODUCTION 2 3 METH005 AND MATERIALS 5 4 RESULTS AND OISCUSSION 7 4.1 Fishes 7 4.2 Invertebrates 7 4.3 Fish Survival 11 5 CONCLUSIONS 13 6 LITERATURE CITED 14 11

LIST OF FIGURES Flqure Page 1 Location of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station 3 2 Cross-Section of Intake Structure of Pilgrim 4 Nuclear Power Station LIST OF PLATES Plate 1 The 300 foot long Pilgrim Station, concrete screenwash sluiceway is molded from 18" corrugated metal pipe, and meanders over breakwater rip rap.

l 2 Fish survival testing is done at the end of the sluiceway where it discharges to ambient temperature intake waters.

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LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Monthly Impingement for All Fishes Collected From 8 Pilgrim Station Intake Screens, January-June 1988 2 Species, Number, Total Length (mm), Weight (gms) 9 and Percentage for All Fishes Collected From Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, January-June 1988 3 Honthly Impingement for All Invertebrates Collected 10 From Pilgrim Station Intake Screens, January-June 1988 4 Survival Summary for the Fishes Collected During 12 Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, January-June 1988.

Initial, One-Hour and latent (56-Hour) Survival Numbers are Shown Under Static (8-Hour) and Continuous Wash Cycles l

iv

SECTION I

SUMMARY

Fish impingement averaged 0.30 fish / hour during the period January-June 1988.

Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), winter flounder (Pseudooleuronectes arre ri canu s ) , Atlantic tomcod (M_i c rogadu s tomcod) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) accounted for 73.7% of the fishes collected. Initial impingement survival for all fishes from static screen wash collections was approximately 36% and from continuous screen washes 53%.

The collection rate (no./hr.) for all invertebrates captured from January-June 1988 was 2.43. Polychaetes and sand shrimp (Crangon seotemsolnor,a) accounted for 62.4% of the invertebrates impinged. Mixed species of algae collected on intake screens amounted to 376 pounds.

The relatively low fish impingement rate (0.30) from January-June 1988 reflected no circulating water pumps operating during portions of this period. The relatively moderate invertebrate impingement was also representative of minimal intake flow.

! SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION I

Pilgrim Nuclear . Power Station (lat. 41'56' N, long. 70'34' H) is located on the northwestern shore of Cape Cod Bay (Figure 1) with a licensed capacity of 655 HHe. The untt has two circulating water pumps with a capacity of l approximately 345 cfs each and five service water pumps with a combined capacity of '23 cfs. Water is drawn under a skimmer wall, through vertical barracks spaced approximately 3 inches on center, and finally through vertical travelling water screens of 3/8 lach wire mesh (Figure 2). There are two travelling water screens for each circulating water pump.

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i This document is a report pursuant to operational environmental monitoring and reporting requirements of NPDES Permit No. 0003557 (EPA) and No. 359 (Mass.

OHPC) for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Unit I. The report describes

( 1mpingement of organisms carried onto the vertical travelling water screens at Unit I. It presents analysis of the relationships between impingement, environmental factors, and plant operational variables, l

The report is based on data collected from screen wash samples during January-June 1988.

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SECTION 3 METHODS AND MATERIALS Three screen washings each week were performed from January-June 1988 to provide data for evaluating the magnitude of marine blota impingement and associated survival. The total weekly collection time was 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> (three separate 8-hour periods: morning, afternoon and night). Two collections represented dark period sampling and one represented light period sampling.

At the beginning of each collection period, all four travelling screens were washed. Eight hours later, the screens were again washed (minimum of 30 minutes each) and all organisms collected. When screens were being washed continuously, one hour collections were made at the end of the regular sampling periods, and they represented two ligh: periods and one dark period on a weekly basis.

Water nozzles directed at the screens washed impinged organisms and debris into a sluiceway that flowed into a trap. The original trap is made of galvanized screen (3/8-inch mesh) attached to a removable steel frame and collected impinged biota, in the screenhouse, shortly af ter being washed off the screens. A second trap was designed and used for sampling, in conjunction with sluiceway survival s '.u d i e s , consisting of a section of half 18" corrugated metal pipe with 3/16-inch nylon, delta mesh netting attached.

Impinged biota sampled by this trap were collected at the end of a 300' slutceway where initial, one-hour and latent (56-hour) fish survival were determined for static (8-hour) and continuous screenwash cycles. Plates I and 2 provide views of the beginning and end of this sluiceway structure which was constructed in 1979.

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• molded from 18" corrugated metal pipe, and meanders over breakwater rip rap.

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Plate 2. Fish survival testing is done at the end of the sluiceway where it discharges to ambient temperature intake waters.

Variables recorded for organisms were total numbers, and Individual total lengths (mm) and .veights (gms) for up to 20 specimens of each species. A randcm sample of 20 fish or inverteorates was taken whenever the total number for a species exceeded 20; if the total collection for a species was less than 20, all were measured and weighed. Field work was conducted by Marine Research, Inc.

Intake seawater temperature, power level output, tidal stage, number of circulating water pumps in operation, time of day and date were recorded at tirre of collections. The collecticn rate (#/ hour) was calculated as number of organisms impinged per collecting period divided by the total number of hours in that collecting period. All common and scientific names in this report follow the American Fisheries Society (1980) and Smith (1964).

SECTION 4 RESULTS MJD DISCUSSICN

,, 4.1 Fishes In 188 collection hours, 57 fishes of fif teen species (Table 1) were collected from Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station intake screens during January-June 1988.

The collection rate was 0.30 fish / hour. Atlantic silverside (Menidia mentdla) was the most abundant species accounting for 50.9% of all fishes collected (Table 2). Winter flounder (Pseudooleuronectes americanus), Atlantic tomcod (Hierogadus tomcod) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) accounted for 8.8, 7.0 and 7.0% of the total number of fishes collected. Atlantic silverside were impinged in highest numbers during March. These were primarily adult fish Bhat averaged 104 mm total length. Winter flounder were also mostly impinged in March, Atlantic tomcod in February and rainbow smelt during January. The January-June 1988 fish impingement rate increased by a factor of about 1 1/2 from the rate for the same period in 1987 (0.21). This increase is possibly attributable to somewhat greater circulating water pump operating capacity, although still less than normal, from January-June 1988.

4.2 Invertebrates 1

8n 188 collection hours, 457 invertebrates of 18 species (Table 3) were collected from Pilgrim Station intake screens between January-June 1988. The collection rate was 2.43 invertebrates / hour. Polychaetes and sand shrimp (Crangon septemsolnosa), accounted for 31.5 and 30.8%, respectively, of the total number of Invertebrates collected.

{ _

Table 1. Monthly Impingement For All Fishes Collected From Pilgrim Station Intake Screens, January-June 1988 Species Jan. Feb. March April May June Totals Atlantic silverside 28 1 29 Winter flounder 1 3 1 5 Atlantic tomcod 2 1 1 4 Rainbow smelt 4 4

Threespine stickleback 3 3 Grubby 1 1 2 Rock gunnel 2 2 Alewife 1 1 American shad 1 1 l Atlantic cod 1 1

Atlantic herring 1 1

l Blueback herring 1 1 Lumpfish 1 1 l Red hake 1 1 l Tautog 1 1

TOTALS 6 3 35 7 4 2 57 Collection Time (hrs.) 18 27 31 26 32 54 188 Collection Rate (#/hr.) 0.33 0.11 1.13 0.27 0.13 0.04 0.30

Table 2. Species, Number, Total Length (mm), Weight (gms) and Percentage For All Fishes rollected from Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, January-Jtine 1988 Length Mean Height Mean Percent of l

Species Number Range Length Range Welaht Total Fish Atlantic silverside 29 83-130 104 3-10 5 50.9 Winter flounder 5 48-123 75 1-20 6 8.8 Atlantic tomcod 4 72-i25 106 3-17 10 7.0 Rainbow smelt 4 90-110 96 3-6 4 7.0 Threespine stickleback 3 55-65 59 3 3 5.3 Grubby 2 64-74 69 4-5 5 3.5 i Rock gunnel 2 128-145 137 7-9 8 3.5 l Alewife 1 103 103 8 8 1.8 American shad 1 165 165 27 27 1.8 Atlantic cod 1 190 190 72 72 1.8

Atlantic herring 1 265 265 123 123 1.8 l Blueback herring 1 110 110 9 9 1.8 Lumpfish I 85 85 21 21 1.8 Red hake 1 57 57 3 3 1.8 Tautog 1 65 65 5 5 1.8

Table 3. Monthly Impingement For All Invertebrat65 Collected From Pilgrim Station Intake Screens. January-June f988 Species Jan. Feb. March April ' la y June Totals Polychaete- 103 40 1 144 Sand shrimp 30 6 _84 21 141 Nudibranch 6 28 4 3 41 Horseshoe crab 1 37 38 L . Rock crab 1 12 10 13 1 37

) Nemertea 7 5 1 13 Amphipoda 10 10 l Isopoda 1 1 1 6 -9 Green seaurchin 2 2 1 2 7 Nerels sp. 3 ,1 4 Common starfish 1 2 3 Nematoda 2 1 3 Green crab 2 2 Actinaria 1 1 American lobster 1 1 Hermit crab 1 1 littorina sp. 1 1 Ophiuroidea 1 1 T07ALS 137 67 137 33 34 49 457 Collection Time (hrs.) 18 27 31 26 32 54 188 Collection Rate (#/hr.) 7.51 2.48 4.42 1.27 1.06 0.91 2.43 l

The collections of polychaetes occurred primarily in January, and sand shrimp during March which is typical for this species. One specimen of the ccreercially important Americari lobster (Homarus americanus) was captured.

Approximately 376 pounds of mixed  :.! gcc species c rc- recorded during impingement sampling, or 2.0 pounds / hour. Unlike the January-June 1988 fish impingement rate, the algal impingement rate was noteably higher than recorded for the same period in 1987.

4.3 Fish Survival Fish survival data collected while impingement monitoring was conducted are shown in Table 4. Static screen wash collections provided the greatest numbers of fishes and revealed relatively low initial impingement survival rates for most species. Continuous screen Wash collections had higher initial survival rates, although not many fishes were sampled. After 1-hour and 56-hcur holding periods data were biased on the low side because of survival pump problems during January, or fishes being collected in t.1e screenhouse where no survival facilities are located, or fishes being lost from the survival pool due to predation by sea gulls, etc.

l

Tchte 4. Survival Summary for the Fishes Collected During Pilgrim Station Impingement. Sampling, January-June' 1988.

Initial. One-Hour and latent (56-Hour) Survival Numbers Are Shown Under Static (8-Hour) and Continuous Wash-Cycles.

Number Collected Number Surviving Static Cont. Initial 1-Hour

• 56-Hour

• Total Length (mm)

Species Hashes Hashes Static Cont. Static Cont. Static Cont. Mean Range Atlantic silverside 24 5 7 0 -

0 -

0 104- 33-130-Hinter flounder 3 2 3 2 - - - -

75 48-123

-)

Atli~, tic toscod 3 0 2 0 0 1 - -

106 125 Raint,aw smelt 4 0 0 0 0 96 90-110 -l Threespine stickleback 1 2 0 2 0 -

0 -

59 55-65  !

Grubby 2 0 2 - - - - -

69- 64-74  ;

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1 -

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137 128-145  ;

Alewife 1 0 0 -

0 -

0 -

103 103 l American shad I O I -

0 -

0 -

165 165 i Atlantic cod 0 1 -

1 -- 0 -

0 190 190 1 Atlantic herring 0 1 -

1 - - - -

265 265 ,

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0 -

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110 110 l Lumpfish I O O -

0 -

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0 -

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0 !i7; 57

! Tautog 1 0 0 -

0 -

0 .-

fiS 65 All Species:

Number 42 15 15 8 - - - -

(7. Surviving) (35.7) (53.3) i limited data for some species because survival pumps were down in January 1988, fish were. lost from the survival pool or fishes were sampled in the screenhouse.

l 1

l SECTION 5 CONCLUSIONS

~

1. - The average Pilgrim I collection r:t: 'Or th: ;;;rted J:r.;;ry-June 1988 was 0.30 fish / hour. The collection rate was comparatively lower in 1987, possibly due to somewhat more circulating water pump capacity during 1988.

2. Fifteen species of fish were recorded in 188 Impingement collection hours.

3. The major species collected and their relative percentages of the total collections were Atlantic silverside, 50.9%; winter flounder 8.8%;

Atlantic tom:od 7.0%; and rainbow smelt, 7.0%.

4. The hourly collection rate for invertebrates was 2.43 with polychaetes 31.5% and sand shrimp 30.8% of the catch. One American lobster was l

l caught. Impingement rates for invertebrates were higher and algae lower 1

i for this period in 1987 than in 1988.

5. Initial Impinged fish survival was relatively low for species during static screen washes, and higher for continuous washes.

__ _ .. . a

3 SECTf0N 6 LITERATURE CITED American Fisheries Society. 1980. A list of Common and Scientific Names of f

Fishes From the United States and Canada. Spec. Pub. No. 12: 174 pp.

Smith, R. I. (Ed.). 1964. Keyes to Marine Invertebrates'of the Woods Hole Region. Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, Massachusetts I

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sesits5 Sandwich, MA 02563 HEHORANDUM TO: Members of the Administrative-Technical Comriittee, Pilgrim Power Plant Investigations FROM: Vincent Halkoski, Recording Secretary, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries

SUBJECT:

Minutes of the 69th meeting of the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee DATE: July 18, 1988 The 69th Pilgrim Administrative-Technical (A-T) Committee was called to order by Chairman S a1 on 16 June, 1988 at 10:22 a.m. at the Upper Blackstone Pollution Abatement District facility in M111 bury, Massachusetts. The following agenda items were addressed.

, I. 01Dut2E_Qf_tbn_63tb_dantius l

! Corrections and additione to the 68th Committee minutes were tendered by Bob Anderson and are attached as an addendum to these l minutes. Gerry Szal motioned that the 68th Heeting minutes be accepted with appropriate corre  :'

• and proposed a new procedure to better address the ir future corrections or additions. Gerry proposed that t h e, n of future meetings be available for review within thirt tys after the meeting and that any comments or correct . sent to the secretary within thirty days after receipt for inclusion in the final draft of the minutes. Corrections will be incorporated into the minutes, whereas additions will be placed in an addendum.

Carolyn Griswold seconded the motto.t, which passed unanimously.

II. 211 stim _StatiQu_12A221982_Qutagn_Barias Bob Anderson reviewed the prolonged outage which began in April 1986 and reported on work currently in progress at the plant. Prior to "start-up", an intensive inspection of the physical plant and operational procedures will be performed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). If formal approval for

start-up is received from the NRC, the plant could resume operation by mid-September. Bob reported that the plant had already passed an intensive inspection conducted by the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations. Gerry Szal asked why start-up had not occurred an expected in November 1987. Bob answered that at that time, plant management felt the station was not yet ready to resume operation.

Bob also provided information on of the two plans under consideration by Boston Edison Company (BECo) for additional cources of energy. One plan calle for reconstructing their now-cloced Edgar Station, located in Weymouth, with the objective of recuming power generation at the cite. Another calla for the purchace of power which would be transmitted along underwater cable laid from a power plant in Nova Scotia to Pilgrim Station.

III. 1222_Iasiassmaat20xstflight_Houitorias_Basults Summarizing the impingement data, Bob Andercon reported that l the average 1987 rate of impingement (0.28 fish / hour) was the l second lowest since 1975. Bob attributed this low rate to the absence of circulating water pump operation during the period-February through September. Dominant species impinged were rainbow smelt, Atlantic silverside, and cunner. Invertebrate collections were dominated by blue mussels. Relatively high mussel impingement was believed due to the inability to perform thermal back-washes during outage. No lobstors were impinged or have been impinged since 1985.

Bob also reported there has been a significant build-up of and in the intake embayment. It was his belief that it may become necessary to dredge the intake channel in the near future which was last done in 1982.

Reviewing the observations made by the pilots during the weekly overflights, Bob reported that overall sightings of fish in the area of the plant were low. Evaluation of the overflight data seems to indicate that fish abundance in the Pilgrim Station plume area, as measured by qualitative observation, is a function of the presence or absence of a thermal effluent.

IV. 1222 barias_Eisberiss_ dan 11erios_Basults Bob Lawton informed the committee that the final report on sportfish studies had been published by BECo. Bob Anderson said that, as soon as possible, copies of the report would be sent to all the members of the A-T c o r.m i t t e e . Bob Lawton then highlighted some of the findings, principally the attraction of gamefish to the thermal effluent. Although no formal creel interviews will be conducted by DNF personnel, an effort to continue the database will be made using qualitative information collected by the public relations personnel stationed at the Shorefront.

Summarizing the work performed by DMF in 1987, Bob noted that studies were essentially the same as in 1986. Several opecies of finfish (winter floundee, tautog, and cunner) were found to have decreased relative abundance, with cunner abundance et the lowest level yet recorded. The experimental lobster study benefited from the the prolonged cutage in that two year's of casentially non-operational data have been collected. This has c11 owed DMF to concentrate on comparisons between stations based on natural variation without the influaace of the plant. It is bolieved that the current program will be sensitive to the detection of impact on the local lobster fishery induced by plant operation.

v. 1982_aso&bic_M901terios_Basults Before reviewing the 1987 findings, Jim Blake from Battelle reported on the personnel changes that have resulted in his 4 casuming the position of project leader for the wnek performed at Pilgrim Station. Jim indicated that he will be the principal investigator for 1988 and that he will author the reports.

Summarizing 1987 data, Jim noted tha*. the most obvious finding was the recolonization of the denuded zone. In the obsence of the thermal effluent this area appears much the same ca the control areas. Further, statistical analysis of the faunal communities at the various stations indicates a high dogree of similarity between the discharge and control areas.

Analysis of the data at a seasonal level indicated the presence of distinct early spring and late summer communities. Further analysis will determine if there is repeatability to this pottern.

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Discussion ensued as to the effect of renewed plant activity on the benthic community in the discharge area. Jim stated that ho felt the timing of start-up would determine the severity of the impact. If plant operation resumed at a time when the bonthic community was undergoing change, the effect would be greater than if the community were in a period of stability.

Gerry Szal initiated discussion of some of the tests used by the Battelle group to measure diversity and species richness.

Bob Lawton stated that he would like to see more explanation of the significance of a given test result, rather than just a listing of test results.

VI. 1992_Entraiomant_Monitarios_Basults Mike Scherer first described the change in testing cathodology necessitated by the absence of flow from the circulating water pumps. Samples were collected using the flow of the service water pumps. Comparison of 1987 fish larvas data with that from 1983 - 1986, indicated that the 1987 data were vory different from the previous years, even the outage years of 1984 and 1986. Mike attributed the difference to the virtual

absence of circulating water flow during much of 1987, whereas at least one pump was operated during most of 1984 and all of 1986.

No lobster larvae were entrained in 1987.

VII. ig33-32_Eisbaciss_aod Statbis_Subsommittes_Machersb1E_and Massing _Esbaduins As in 1987, Jack Finn will chair the fisheries subcommittee Don Miller will chair the benthic cubcommittee. The and membership of both subcommitteen will remain as it was inthe 1987.

The benthic subcommittee met during the lunch break of A-T meeting, and the ficheriec =ubcommittee wac ccheduled to meet on 28 July, 1988 at Pilgrim Station.

VIII. Biorgy11og_Eragram_Undats Derek Mcdonald and Joe Egan of Marine Biocontrol spoke on modifications and repairs under way at the plant. The highlight of their presentation was a videotape made inside the intake structure with a remote-operated-vehicle (ROV) in June 1986.

Narrated by Derek and Joe, the tape provided an excellent look at the inner structure of the intake system. A similar dive is planned for this year.

IX. Qther_BWB1DREE This consisted of a brief discussion of NPDES permits up for review at other facilities in Massachusetts and related issues.

X. AddQuCDGRQt The meeting adjourned at 3.30 p.m.

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Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee Meeting Attendance June 16, 1988 Gerald S:al, Chairman Mass. DEQE/DWPC Vincent Malkoski, Recording Secretary Mass. DMF (non-voting)

Robert Anderson BECo Michael B11ger U.S. EPA, Lexington James Blake Battelle (non-voting)

Joseph Egan MBC (non-voting)

Carolyn Griswold NMFS, Narragansett Robert Lawton Mass. DMF Robert Maietta Mass. DEQE/DWPC Derek Mcdonald MBC (ncq-voting)

Don C. Miller U.S. EPA, Narragansett Michael Scherer MRI (non-voting) l l

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i MEMORANDUM TO: Members of the Administrative-Technical Committee, Pilgrim Power Plant Investigationn FROM: Vincent Malkoski, Recording Secretary, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries

SUBJECT:

Addendum t. the 68th meeting minutes of the Administrative-Technical Committee DATE: July 19, 1988 The following corrections and additions were made at the request of Boston Edison Company in order to avoid any potential

, misunderstanding. Due to the volume of suggested changes, the l 2nd, 3rd, and 4th paragraphs have been reproduced in their l entirety with the appropriate insertions and deletions.

i Page 4,Section VII, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th paragraphs:

1 The effluent water at Pilgrim Station is a pathway through which radioactivity is released into the environment. Liquid releases at the plant are batch releases into the waste-water l discharge. Radioactive isotopes such as cesium-137 and cobalt-l 60, are produced directly as major fission and activation products in the reactor. Cesium-137 has a half-life of 30.2 years and is initially strongly radioactive when produced.

Cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5.27 years.

There was a large build-up of blue mussels in the discharge canal this year, and with the plant in an outago there was no heat and a significantly reduced flow of water through the discharge canal. This concerned Boston Edison in that with a reduction in the volume of water discharged, dilution of waste releases is diminished and mussels in the canal would likely concentrate radioactive isotopes. It is known that fission products present in discharge water even in small amounts can be concentrated in biota by preferential uptake by shellfish which, in turn, can be eaten by man. With this in mind, samples of mussels were collected from the discharge canal and a reference site this past June. Composite samples were analyzed with the following results. The concentration of cobalt-60 in past samples of mussels from the discharge canal outfall was 100 picocuries/kg of mussel meat (background). The concentrations of cobalt.60 found in mussels sampled in June inside the discharge canal were at the headwall or outlet pipe - 2,000 picoeuries/kg, halfway down the canal -

600 picocuries/kg, and at the mouth of the canal - 300 picoeurtes/kg. Also found at two to three times the typical concentrations were cesium-137 and magnesium-54.

1 Mr Dionne calculated that the doce that would be found in a human ingenting 14 pounds of the=e succels in a year would be only 0.2 millirems / year (whole body doce) and 0.4/ year in the G.I. tract. To put this in perspective, the International Commic= ion on Radiological Protection recommends a dose limit of 500 millirems / year whole body axposure for any member of the

. public. This places the radiation level obtained by eating l mussels from Pilgrir's discharge canal clearly well below the recommended limit and '4931 Ilmit.

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sasnwsoom PJgnm NurJear Power Station Rocky Hill Road Plymouth, Massachusetts 02360 l

l BECo 88-112 Ralph G. Bird Senor wce Presdent - Nuclear cc;ogrg ,,

United States Environmental Protection Agency l Region I Permits Processing Unit - Room 2109 John F. Kennedy Federal Building Boston, MA 02038 l

License DPR-35 Docket 50-293 NPDES PERMIT MARINE ECOLOGY MONITORING REPORT

Dear Sir:

1

! In accordance with Part I, Paragraph A.7.b & c. and Attachment I, Paragraph l I.G, of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station NPDES Permit No. MA0003557 (Federal) i and No. 359 (State), Semi-Annual Marine Ecology Report No. 32 is submitted.

l This report covers the period from January through June 1988.

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(

R. G ird I

Attachment:

Semi-Annual Marine Ecology Report No. 32 RDA/amm/1292

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cd

)

% amm Pi:gntn Nudear her Staten ,

Rocky Hdi Road Plymouth Massachusetts 02360 BECo 88 112 Ralph G. Bird October 31, 1988 Sen or %ce hesident - Nuclear hass. Division of Water Pollution Control Permit Section - 7th Floor One Hinter Street -

Boston, MA 02108 l License DPR-35 Docket 50-293 NPDES PERMIT MARINE ECOLOG1 MONITORING REPORT

Dear Sir:

In accordance with Part I, Paragraph A.7.b & c. and Attachment 1, Paragraph I.G, of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station NPDES Permit No. MA0003557 (Federal) and No. 359 (State), Semi-Annual Marine Ecology Report No. 32 is submitted.

This report covers the period from January through June 1988.

W R. G. Bird

Attachment:

Semi-Annual Marine Ecology Report No. 32 RDAlam/1292 cc: Mass. Olvition of Hater Pollution Control Lakeville Hospital Lakeville, MA 02346

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