ML20151S916
| ML20151S916 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07000250 |
| Issue date: | 11/30/1983 |
| From: | BOEING CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20151S885 | List: |
| References | |
| 70152, OSH-8-201, NUDOCS 8602100015 | |
| Download: ML20151S916 (37) | |
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INDEX OSH 8-201 CONTROL 0F RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS PARA SUBJECT PAGE 1.0 PURPOSE 3
2.0 SCOPE 3
3.0 DEFINITIONS 5
3.1 Agreement States 5
3.2 Exempt Quantities 5
3.3 Exempt Items 5
3.4 Generally Licensed Items 5
3.5 "NARM" Radioactive Material 6
3.6 Non-0ccupational Dose 6
3.7 Occupational Dose 6
3.8 Radioactive Material 6
3.9 Radiation Generating Equipment 6
3.10 Radiation Protection Survey 6
3.11 Radiation Safety Officer 6
3.12 Radiation Source 6
3.13 Restricted Area 7
3.14 Unrestricted Area 7
3.15 Using Organization 7
3.16 Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) 7 4.0 HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES 8
4.1 Radiation Health Hazards 8
4.2 Other Radiation Hazards 9
4.3 Safety 9
4.4 Chemical / Explosives 9
4.5 Fire 9
4.6 Emergency Procedures 10 5.0 REQUIREMENTS 15 5.1 Exposure Controls from all Radiaticn Sources 15 5.2 Radioactive Materials 15 5.3 Radiation Generating Equipment 17 0602100015 091306 REGD t.IC70 P DP' 5Nrt-02 b 5 STANo ARL NO.
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INDEX OSH 8-201 (Continued)
CONTROL OF RADIOL'0GICAL HAZARDS PAGE PARA SUBJECT 6.0 RESPONSIBILITIES 18 18 6.1 Using Organizations 6.2 Facilities and Plant Services 19 19 6.3 Materiel 20 6.4 Quality Control 20 6.5 Receiving 20 6.6 Shipping 20 6.7 Medical 6.8 Radiation Health Protection 21 22 6.9 Traffic 23 6.10 Packaging Engineering 23
'6.11 Security 6.12 Fire Protection 23 6.13 Safety and Industrial Hygiene 23 24 7.0 QUALIFICATIONS 25
8.0 REFERENCES
APPENDIX A Radiation Health Protection Standards 27 32 APPENDIX B Accepted Radiation Work Practices 3
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I 1.0 PURPOSE This standard has been prepared to provide Company-wide con-trol of ionizing radiological hazards and to implement Federal / State rules and regulations and consensus standards concerning these hazards.
2.0 SCOPE 2.1 All Boeing Company operations shall meet this standard.
2.2 Whenever Boeing personnel are ptrforming functions on prop-erties other than Boeing's, the most stringent standards shall apply.
2.3 All contractors, sub-contractors or vendors performing func-tions on Boeing properties shall meet this standard.
NOTE: Deviations to paragraphs 2.1, 2.2, or 2.3 shall be approved by BCS Radiation Health Protection and coordinated with the parent Boeing Company / Division health and safety management and the Corporate offices.
2.4 The Radiation Health Protection staff, under the Boeing Com-puter Services Medical Director, has corporation-wide responsibility to:
1)
Develop, publish and monitor the implementation of standards for health protection from ionizing and non-ionizing radiation hazards, including nuclear, x-ray, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, laser and EMP radiation.
2)
Provide technical leadership, advice and assistance for compliance with applicable radiation control standards and regulations in the design and operation of facili-ties or processes involving radiation sources.
2.5 The radiation health protection program is regionally managed.
BCS Radiation Health Protec-1)
Pacific Northwest tion, organization 4-1635, Mail Stop 2T-04, Telephone (206)655-0500.
(
BMAC Wichita Safety and Indus-2)
Wichita j
trial Hygiene.
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E Vertol Safety and Industrial 3)
Vertcl Hygiene.
BEC Oak Ridge Health, Safety 4)
Oak Ridge and Training.
5)
Other areas as directed by Program Management.
NOTE:
Company managers of installations outside the Puget Sound area which require the use of radiation gener-ating equipment or radioactive materials will assign responsibilities, or obtain support, with the concur-rence of the Boeing Computer Services Medical Director.
2.6 Radiation sources (see 3.12) covered in this Standard include any of the following items which may be used in Boeing operations.
2.6.1 Radioactive Materials Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation, including those materials which are regulated by:
1)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).
2)
Any Agreement State and other state and/or local authority.
2.6.2 Radiation Generating Equipment 1)
Particle accelerators.
2)
Industrial radiography x-ray equipment.
3)
Medical x-ray units.
4)
Analytical X-ray equipment.
5)
Electron beam heaters.
6)
Electron beam welders.
7)
Any other high voltage electronic equipment with the potential of producing by-product radiation.
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3.0 DEFINITIONS 3.1-Agreement State Any state that has entered into an agreement with the Nuclear Regulatory Comission (NRC) to assume the Commis-sion's authority in regulating certain types and quantities of radioactive material. Currently, the following are Agreement states:
Alabama Kentucky North Carolina Arizona Louisiana North Dakota Arkansas Maryland Oregon California Mississippi South Carolina Colorado Nebraska Tennessee Florida Nevada Texas Georgia New Hampshire Washington Idaho New Mexico i
Kansas New York 3.2 Exempt Quantities Small quantities of By-Product radioactive material in any form that may be received, possessed, used, and transferred by an individual without being licensed by an Agreement State or the NRC. These quantities are listed by isotope in Federal and State regulations.
3.3 Exempt Items 1)
By-Product Material Equipment / products that contain small quantities of By-Product radioactive material in a specific form.
These devices may be received, possessed, used, owned or t*ansferred by indiv'iduals without being licensed by an Agreement State or the NRC.
2)
Source Material Equipment / products that contain low concentrations or specifie quantities of uranium and/or thorium, that may be received, possessed, used and transferred without being licensed by an Agreement State or the NRC.
3.4 Generally LicenseJ Items Products containing Source, By-Product, or Special Nuclear Materials that may be received, possessed, and used without g
obtaining a specific license from the NRC or an Agreement j
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State. A specific license is issued by the NRC or an Agree-ment State to the manufacturer who distributes these items to " General Licensees" (the public). Each license authoriz-ing the distribution of these items has its own set of limi-tations and special conditions.
3.5 "NARM" Radioactive Material Any naturally occurring or accelerator-produced radioactive material except source material. This material Ts regulated at the state level.
3.6 Non-0ccupational Dose That industrial radiation dose received by an individual who does not normally work with or around sources of radiation in order to complete assigned tasks. Radiation dose received for medical purposes is not included.
3.7 Occupational Dose Radiation dose received by individuals from any radiation source during the course of employment in which the indivi-dual's normal duties involve exposure to radiation. Radia-tion dose received for medical purposes is not included.
3.8 Radioactive Material Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation.
3.9 Radiation Generating Equipment Any electronic equipment that produces ionizing radiation by design, or otherwise.
3.10 Radiation Protection Survey An evaluation of the radiation hazards in and around any operation involving radiation sources.
3.11 Radiation Safety Officer A person appointed by management, who is qualified by train-ing and experienced in radiation protection practices.
3.12 Radiation Source 3
Means any radioactive material or equipment capable of pro-E ducing ionizing radiation.
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I 3.13 Restricted Area Any area which is controlled for purposes of protecting individuals from exposure to radiation sources.
3.14 Unrestricted Area Any area which is not controlled for purposes of protecting individuals from exposure to radiation sources.
3.15 Using Organization That organization which has administrative control over radiation sources.
3.16 Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)
A device used in radiation dosimetry (personnel and area) which contains material that absorbs and stores energy from ionizing radiation.
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4.0
-HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES 4.1 Radiation Health Hazards 4.1.1 External Radiation exposure occurring from radioactive material out-i side the body.
4.1.2 Internal The radiation hazard is significantly increased if radio-active material enters the body by way of the mouth, the air breathed..or wounds and abrasions in the skin. The degree of hazard depends upon the specific radioactive material 1
involved, its' physical form, and the amount of material
. absorbed.
1 4.1.3 Biological Effects Exposure to ionizing radiation is injurious to human cells and tissues. The degree of injury is related to the rate of radiation energy absorbed in the body, where it is absorbed in the body, and the total amount of radiation energy absorption that takes place.
It is known that exposure to large amounts of ionizing radiation may cause adverse effects to people. These biological effects are broken down l
into the following categories:
1)
Somatic Effects Effects occurring in the exposed p~erson. These effects may be divided into two classes:
1 o
Prompt Effects (Acute) i l
Effects that are observable soon after a large or acute dosa (large amounts of absorbed radiation in j
a short Ieriod of time).
o Delayed Effects (Chronic) 4 Effects such as cancer that may occur years after exposure to radiation.
2)
Genetic Effects Abnormalities that may occur in the future children of j
j exposed individuals and in subsequent generations.
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Teratogenic Effects Effects that may be observed in children who were exposed during the fetal and embryonic stages of development.
4.1.4 At this time, there is no conclusive data that indicates adverse effects to individuals being exposed to ionizing radiation at currently acceptable occuptional limits.
4.2 Other Radiation Hazards Radioactive material may contaminate other materials or objects to the extent that they can no longer be utilized safely.
4.3 Safety Radiation generating equipment may present electrical shock hazards during operation of the equipment (see OSH 4-500-1).
4.4 Chemical / Explosives Radioactive material operations may involve toxic materials and/or explosives. Special handling / storage procedures may be required (see OSH Volume 5) 4.5 Fire 4.5.1 Some radioactive materials are pyrophoric in nature; there-fore, special handling / storage procedures may be required.
4.5.2 When fighting fires involving radioactive materials, special care should be taken not to spread contamination.
Fire extinguishing materials under high pressure should be used only when absolutely necessary to control the fire.
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4.6 Emergency Procedures Radiation Health Protection should be contacted as soon as possible regarding any abnormal or emergency conditions con-cerning ionizing radiation hazards.
4.6.1 Accidents Involving External Overexposure
- 4.6.1.1 Types of Hazards 1)
Sealed gama sources of radioactive material.
2)
All x-ray producing equipment.
3)
High voltage electron tubes.
4)
Particle accelerators.
4.6.1.2 Action 1)
Completely evacuate area imediately.
2)
Cut off power, if radiation generating equipment is involved. Pull plug, if applicable.
3)
Call Radiation Health Protection for evaluation of hazard.
4)
Do not let anyone re-enter area if incident involves sealed sources of radioactive material.
- 4. 6.2 Accidents Involving Internal Overexposure
- Internal overexposure could result from incesting, inhaling, or absorbing radioactive material into the body.
4.6.2.1 Types of Sources 1)
"Open" sources (i.e., sources which, by design, are not sealed to prevent release of the radioactive material.)
2)
Damaged sealed sources of radioactive material.
3)
Ruptured vessels containing radioactive materials or gases.
4)
Areas where concentrations of radioactive material in the air exceeds the maximum permissible dose levels.
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Contaminated areas or equipment.
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D 4.6.2.2 Action 1)
Ingestion o
Call Medical immediately.
o Induce vomiting imediately. This may be accom-plished by tickling the back of the throat with the finger.
Repeated vomiting should be induced.
o Save biological waste specimens for future analyses.
2)
Inhalation o
Leave area at once, and call Medical. Do not re-enter the area without protective breathing equip-ment (
Reference:
OSH 3-701-2 ).
o Call Radiation Health Protection.
o Save biological waste specimens for future analysis.
3)
Absorption T
o Report to Medical.
o Save biological waste specimens for analysis.
An accident involving radioactive material may present both an internal and an external hazard simultaneously.
4.6.3 Decontamination Procedures - Personnel 4.6.3.1 Localized Contamination on Unbroken Skin 1)
Call Radiation Health Protection to receive instruc-tions for initiating correct decontamination procedures.
2)
If Radiation Health Protection cannot be imediately contacted (e.g., on weekends), initiate the following self-decontamination procedures:
o Remove and isolate grossly contaminated clothing, for decontamination or proper disposal.
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Wash contaminated skin area thoroughly.
Avoid j
contamination to other parts of the body or sur-rounding area and equipment.
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o Rinse area, using large amounts of water.
o Repeat operation several times;.then survey the skin area to see if the contamination level has been reduced.
o If the activity is reduced, decontaminate until
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area is clean (see APPENDIX A of this standard for allowable skin contamination limits).
o If simple " wash and rinse" methods do not decon-taminate or reduce the contamination, call Medical for instructions.
o Survey, decontaminate, and properly dispose of any related equipment involved in contamination clean-ing(e.g., rags, sinks,etc.).
NOTE: Obtain Radiation Health Protection assistance as soon as possible.
4.6.3.2 General Body Contamination on Unbroken Skin 1)
Call Radiation Health Protection for proper instruc-tions in initiating decontamination procedures.
2)
If Radiation Health Protection cannot be contacted, attempt the following self-decontamination procedures:
o Remove and isolate grossly contaminated clothing, for decontamination or proper disposal.
o Wash contaminated skin area thoroughly (preferably in shower) for two or three minutes.
o Rinse area completely, diluting the activity with large amounts of water.
o Repeat operation several times; then survey contaminated areas to see if the levels have been reduced.
o If amount of activity h reduced, continue decontamination until area is free of contamination.
3)
If simple " wash and rinse" methods do not continue to reduce contamination levels, call Medical.
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Survey surrounding area and equipment af ter personnel have been decontaminated. Decontaminate or properly dispose of related equipment involved in contamination cleaning (e.g., rags, sinks,etc.).
NOTE: Obtain Radiation Health Protection assistance as soon as possible.
4.6.3.3 Contamination in Wounds NOTE: If severe wounds are involved, medical attention takes precedence over contamination control, espe-cially when life or lieb may be endangered.
1)
Call Radiation Health Protection or Medical immediately.
2)
If possible, have someone else call while person with wound initiates the following action:
o Flush wound with running water inmediately.
o Survey wound and surrounding skin area for con-tamination.
If contamination is not detected, proceed with normal medical attention.
o If contamination is detected in or around wour.c, do not wash contaminants into the wound. Continue flushing wound until area is free of contamination.
o After wound is clean, cover with a waterproof material while surrounding skin area is decontaminated, o
If more than localized skin contamination is involved, decontaminate the other areas as directed for " General Body Contamination on Unbroken Skin".
4.6.4 Decontamination Procedures - Facilities 4.6.4.1 Notify Radiation Health Protection.
If this cannot be dcme withou'. :rreading the contamination, have someone outside the tv. Inated area call Radiation Health Protection.
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4.6.4.2 Limit spread of contamination by the following means:
1)
Do not allow anyone to enter the contaminated area unless satisfactory precautions can be taken to protect personnel and prevent spreading contamination.
2)
Do not allow anyone to leave the contaminated area without clean footwear, except to avoid overexposure.
3)
Shoe covers should be worn in the contaminated area.
Remove shoe covers whenever leaving a contaminated area and leave them within the control zone.
4)
Prevent radioactive liquids from spreading by applying absorbers, raising barriers such as putty, and sealing cracks in floors, desk tops, and so forth with putty or quick-drying plastics, etc.
5)
If contamination is airborne, wear proper respiratory protection (Reference OSH 3-701-2).
If respiratory protection devices are not available, hold breath or place a wet handkerchief ^over nose and mouth.
Close windows and doors, shut off fans or air conditioners, and leave the room as quickly as possible. Seal all room openings (e.g. cracks around doors and windows, ventillation ducts etc.) with masking tape, or equivalent.
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5.0 REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Exposure Controls - All Radiation Sources
.5.1.1 Occupational Dose Limits Occupational doses resulting from any Boeing-related source of ionizing radiation shall be limited to those occupational dose levels listed in Appendix A of this standard.
In keep-ing with Federal / State Regulatory Agency "As Low As Reason-ably Achievable" (ALARA) principles, occupational dose l
levels shall be maintained within 10% or less of the maxi:aum allowable occupational limits unless prior approval has been received from Radiation Health Protection.
5.1.2 Non-Occupational Dose Limits l
Non-occupational doses resulting from any Boeing-related source of ionizing radiation shall be kept to a minimum and shall not exceed non-occupational dose levels listed in Appendix A of this standard.
5.2 Radioactive Materials 5.2.1 Approval for Use 5.2.1.1 The Boeing Company must be licensed by Nuclear Regulatory Comission (NRC) or Agreement State authority to possess and use certain types and quantities of radioactive materials.
5.2.1.2 Prior to initially receiving any radioactive material an individual must submit a completed " Application for Use of Radioactive Material" form and receive approval as follows:
5.2.1.2.1 Puget Sound Area 1)
NRC/ Agreement State licensed radioactive materials require Corporate Radioisotope Comittee review and approval.
2)
Generally Licensed Items may be approved by the Corporate Radiation Safety Officer approval.
3)
Exempt Items and Quantities may be approved by the Corporate Radiation Safety Officer.
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5.2.1.2.2 Out-Plant Operations 1)
NRC/ Agreement State licensed radioactive materials require:
o Corporate Radioisotope Comittee review and counsel and, o
Local designated Radiation Health Protection Organization approval.
2)
Generally Licensed Items require local designated Radiation Health Protection Organization approval.
3)
Exempt Items and Quantities require local designated Radiation Health Protection Organization approval.
5.2.1.3 Amending Applications Users of radioactive materials must re-submit for approval an " Application for Use of Radioactive Material" form whenever new materials, additional quantities'of materials, or significant operational changes, are involved.
5.2.1.4 Renewing Applications All approved " Applications for Use of Radioactive Material" forms must be renewed at least every five years.
5.2.2 Purchasing and Receiving Radioactive Materials 1)
The Company must be licensed prior to receiving ce.ain types and quantities of radioactive materials.
2)
The proper information, including copies of applicule NRC or Agreement State ' licenses, and special shipping instructions shall accompany Purchase Orders involving radioactive materials.
3)
All radioactive material must be received, handled, and delivered to an authorized user in a safe manner.
4)
When the Company takes possession of radioactive materials, the transaction must be recorded in the proper Radioisotope Inventory Records. These receds are maintained for inspection by affected Regulatory Agencies.
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5.2.3 Training All individuals who work with or around radioactive materials shall be adequately trained in proper protection procedures.
5.2.4 Contamination Limits Contamination levels shall not exceed those limits listed in Appendix A of this Standard.
5.2.5 Disposal All radioactive materials must be disposed of per OSH Stand-ard 8'203-5, " Pollution Control--Disposal of Packaged Radio-active Material Wastes".
5.2.6 Transportation All radioactive material shall be transported per current Federal / State regulations and Operating Procedure #4-1600-208.
5.3 Radiation Generating Equipment 5.3.1 Most radiation producing devices must be registered with the proper State Regulatory Agency.
5.3.2 Industrial / Medical / Analytical operations must be certified prior to initial operation, and recertified annually there-after. Using organizations and Radiation Health Protection-Management shall both agree on certification conditions.
Quarterly inspections of radiation generating equipment should be conducted to ensure compliance within certifica-tion limitations. Any major changes in facilities or operating procedures requires recertification.
5.3.3 All operators of radiation generating equipment must be trained in proper radiation protection practices, and be familiar with operating equipment assigned to them.
5.3.4 Industrial Radiographic Operations should be conducted as described in OSH Standard 8-202-1.
5.3.5 Prior to disposing / resale of any registerable radiation generating equipment, proper Regulatory Agencies may have to be notified.
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6.0 RESPONSIBILITIES-
.)
6.1 Using Organizations 6.1.1 Notify Radiation Health Protection before ordering, bringing into Boeing, or allowing any outside firm to bring into Boeing, any sources of ionizing radiation.
6.1.2 Prior to initially ordering radioactive material, complete the form " Application for Use of Radioactive Material", and obtain Corporate Radioisotope Comittee and/or Radiation Health Protection approval. Re-submit the." Application for Use of Radioactive. Material" form as required (see 5.2.1.3 and 5.2.1.4).
6.1.3 Contact. Radiation Health Protection prior to ordering any new, replacement or additional radioactive materials or radiation sources.
6.1.4 Prior to initial operation of any new radiation generating equipment, provide Radiation Health Protection with adequate information to certify and register such equipment.
6.1.5 Ensure that all sources of ionizing radiation are used in accordance with Federal / State regulations, these standards, specific conditions in Company licenses, the " Radiation Generating Equipment Certification" fonn and the
" Application for Use of Radioactive Material" form, as applicable.
6.1.6 Coordinate with Radiation Health Protection before using, storing, transferring, shipping or disposing any sources of ionizing radiation outside approved areas.
6.1.7 No machining, grinding, heating or any other physical / chemical / metallurgical changes shall be conducted on radioactive materials without specific approval from Radiation Health Protection.
6.1.8 Generate adequate written Operating Procedures, and ensure compliance with these Procedures, as required by the Corporate Radioisotope Comittee and/or Radiation Health Protection. Coordinate these procedures for approval by all other affected organizations.
6.1.9 Schedule personnel for initial and periodical physical examinations as required by Medical.
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w 6.1.10 Conduct all operations involving ionizing radiation sources
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with existing ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles.
6.1.11 Coordinate with Radiation Health Protection prior to reless-ing any radioactive material, including waste, for shipment / surplus outside of an existing Boeing complex, unless previously arranged for transfers of low hazard radioactive material.
6.1.12 Ensure that all employees receive adequate training for using sources of radiation.
6.1.13 Ensure that all employees properly wear provided personnel dosimetry.
6.1.14 Instruct employees to submit individual Bio-assay samples as required by Medical or Radiation Health Protection.
6.1.15 Ensure compliance with Appendix B, paragraphs 2.3.21),.t) and 5).
6.2 Facilities and Plant Services 6.2.1 Coordinate all requests and plans for equipment or facili-ties involving ionizing radiation sources with Radiation Health Protection prior to development of design criteria.
6.2.2 Obtain final approval from Radiation Health Protection prior to building or modifying any equipment of facilities involv-ing ionizing radiation operations.
6.3 Materiel J
6.3.1 Coordinate all Purchase requests for sources of ionizing radiation with Radiation Health Protection before Purchase Orders are comitted or released.
6.3.2 On each transaction involving radioactive material, verify with Radiation Health Protection that Boeing is licensed to possess the material, and that the material is being crde-ed for an approved user / area.
6.3.3 See that the following instructions are included on Pure ase Orders for radioactive material:
1)
Mark outside of containers: "RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIAL--33 NOT OPEN IN RECEIVING -- NOTIFY RADIATION HEALTH j
PROTECTION".
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Package and label all radioactive materials per current
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U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and NRC regulations.
3)
Attach additional copies of packing sheet outside of package in duplicate.
6.3.4 Route copies of all Purchase Orders for sources of ionizing radiation for approval by Radiation Healtli Protection.
6.3.5 Provide routing instructions for each Purchase Order, to ensure materials are sent to authorized receiving /use areas.
6.3.6 Ensure the vendor / supplier meets the requirements listed in section 7.
6.4 Quality Control 6.4.1 Control all radiographic inspection work per requirements in OSH Standards 8-202-1 and 8-203-6, and this standard.
6.4.2 Conduct, when applicable, normal inspection functions on newly received radioactive parts, or any radiation production /research operations within limitations in this standard.
6.5 Receiving 5.5.1 Notify Radiation Health Prctcetion whencycr identified radioactive materials are received, except as mutually agreed as unnecessary for low hazard level materials.
6.5.2 Store packages of radioactive materials in a designated area until a representative from Radiation Health Protection con-ducts an inspection / survey of the material.
6.6 Shipping Provide proper containers, packaging, marking, labeling, and security sealing measures as required in accordance with Packaging Engineering instructions, Department of Transper-tation (00T) and Nuclear Regulator Commission (NRC) regulations.
6.7 Medical 6.7.1 Specify minimum radiological health requirements and person-nel radiation exposure limits.
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6.7.2 Conduct initial physical examinations to establish basic health data, and administer other periodic radiation physicals as required (Reference OSH 2-700-1).
6.8 Radiation Health Protection 6.8.1 Evaluate hazards associated with the receival, use, transfer, storage and disposition of radiation sources.
This includes inspecting and monitoring all facilities, processes, and operations involving sources of ionizing radiation to ensure compliance with existing federal / state regulations, Corporate Occupational Safety and Health radiaticn standards, license conditions affecting radioactive materials and Company ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles.
6.8.2 Ensure users of radiation sources comply with the requirements on the " Application for Use of Radioactive Materials" form and the " Radiation Generating Equipment Certification" form.
6,8.3 Take necessary action to protect individuals, private or public property and associated environs from real or poten-tial ionizing radiation hazards.
6.8.4 Ensure adequate training is provided for personnel working with sources of ionizing radiation. Review and approve all training materials presented to employees by other organizations.
6.8.5 Act as liaison between the Corporate Radioisotope Comittee and NRC/ Agreement state regulatory agencies.
6.8.6 Review and approve all " Applications for Use of Radioactive Material" involving General License, Exempt or previously agreed low levels of radioactive material.
6.8.7 Obtain and maintain Company NRC and Agreement State Licenses to possess and use radioactive materials.
Ensure compliar.ce with all conditions listed on each license and applicable regulations affecting that license.
6.8.8 Provide required Bio-assay monitoring services.
6.8.9 Ensure that personnel monitoring devices are provided as required.
6.8.10 Maintain adequate personnel exposure records.
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l 6.8.11 Maintain required records regarding possession, use, trans-fer, and disposal of radiation sources for NRC and Agreement State inspections.
6.8.12 Conduct required radiation surveys and inspections of all radiation sources'and associated use/ storage areas.
6.8.13 Ensure that newly received radioactive material is properly labeled and is safely routed to an approved user for use in a properly equipped area.
6.8.14 Ensure proper maintenance and calibration of radiation detection instruments.
6.8.15 Monitor shipments of radioactive material and provide Pack-aging Engineering with required information to prepare plan-ning instructions.
6.8.16 Register radiation generating equipment as required by federal / state regulations.
6.8.17 Annually, certify radiation generating equipment operations.
6.8.18 Ensure compliance with Appendix B, paragraphs 2.3.2 2) and 3).
6.9 Traffic 6.9.1 Prior to release of a radioactive material shipment to corn-mercial or other private carriers ensure:
1)
Shipping papers, packaging, marking, labeling, security seal and placarding requirements have been met
(
Reference:
Operating Procedure 4-1600-208, "Transpor-tation of Radioactive Material).
2)
That the materials are being sent to an authorized individual.
3)
That necessary copies of proper licenses have been obtained from the receiving individual (s).
4)
Proper shipping documents (i.e., certification etc.),
as applicable, have been completed and accompany the shipment.
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6.10.1 Prepare required packaging, labeling and marking instruc-tions for radioactive material shipments (
Reference:
Operating Procedure 4-1600-208).
6.10.2 Provide copies of shipping container certifications as required by federal / state regulations to Radiation Health Protection.
6.11 Security 6.11.1 Investigate any losses / theft o.f radiation sources and provide copies of investigation reports when necessary.
6.11.2 Assist in controlling areas during abnormal or emergency conditions involving radiation hazards.
6.11.3 Conduct required security inspections of Special Nuclear Materials when required by Federal / State Regulations.
6.12 Fire Protection 6.12.1 Use accepted fire-fighting methods and precautions when coa-bating fires involving radiation sources.
6.12.2 Obtain and maintain fire permits for storing and using radioactive materials as required.
6.13 Safety and Industrial Hygiene - Pacific Northwest will:
1)
Refer all inquiries involving sources of radiation to Radiation Health Protection.
2)
As required, aid in the control of radiation hazards and emergencies.
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7.0 QUALIFICATIONS - VENDOR 7.1 Ship only authorized types and quantities of radioactive materials to Boeing facilities / users.
7.2 Conduct adequate tests to ensure that only the actual type and quantities of radioactive materials ordered are sent to Boeing, and to ensure no undesirable cross-contamination /
impurities exist in or around the requested radioactive material.
7.3 Meet all applicable NRC/ DOT regulations concerning the transportation of radioactive material.
7.4 When applicable, shall include adequate instructions for safely opening packages after Boeing receives shipments of radioactive material.
7.5 Shall not bring radiation sources on Company property or release these sources to a Boeing employee without prior approval from Radiation Health Protection.
7.6 Shall not demonstrate or operate radiation sources in a manner that could cause radiation exposures exceeding non-occupational limits as listed in Appendix A of this standard to any Boeing employees.
7.7 Upon request, provide The Boeing Company with copies of all state / federal licenses which permit manufacture and/or distribution of the radioactive material.
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8.0 REFERENCES
1)
Title 10-Chapter I, Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR 19, 20, 21, 30, 31, 32, 40, 61, 70, 71, 73, 110, 140, 150, and 170).
2)
Washington Administrative Code 402 (402 - 10, 12, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, 28, 36, 40, 44, 48, 70).
3)
Title 49 - Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR - 171 - 178).
4) 21 CFR 1002 - Food and Drug Administration Regulations for electronic equipment.
5)
Applicable Military Technical Orders, Regulations and Manuals.
6)
Corporate Policy 8H1 -- Occupational Health, Safety and Accident Prevention.
7)
Corporate Policy Supplement 8H1-1 -- Control of Radia-tion Hazards.
8)
Operating Procedure-Agreement 4-1600-201 (850-008)
(H-300-027) " NOTICE OF RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIAL".
9)
Operating Procedure-Agreement 4-1600-202 (846-005) ncnuin rnvicuitun -- RADIATION EFFECTS LA80RATORY (8REL)".
10)
Operating Procedure-Agreement 4-1600-204 (850-059)
" CONTROL OF RADIATION HAZARDS".
- 11) Operating Procedure-Agreement 4-1600-205 (950-063)
"IS0 TOPE COMMITTEE".
- 12) Operating Procedure-Agreement 4-1600-206 " RADIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DEPLETED URANIUM USE IN COUNTERWEIGHTS ON AIRCRAFT".
- 13) Operating Procedure-Agreement 4-1600-207 " MODIFIED TR0XLER DENSITY AND MOISTURE GAUGES".
- 14) Operating Procedure-Agreement 4-1600-208 "TRANSPORTA-TION OF RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS".
- 15) Operating Procedure-Agreement 4-1600-210 " RADIATION 3_
PROTECTION FOR GAMMA IRRADIATION FACILITY".
E
- 16) OSH #8-201-1 " RADIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF X-RAY GENERATING EQUIPMENT"
- j 70152 s a s:r N a uo. D1-8287-8 REY SYM ORIGINAL OSH 8-201 not25 of 37
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- 17) OSH #8-202-2 "X-RADIATION FROM ELECTRONIC TUBES"
- 18) OSH #8-203-1 "RADI0 ISOTOPES IN LUMIN0US MARKERS"
- 19) OSH #8-203-2 "RADI0 ISOTOPES USED IN ELECTRONIC TUBES"
- 20) OSH #8-203-3 " MAGNESIUM-THORIUM ALLOY"
- 21) OSH #8-203-4 " DEPLETED URANIUM"
- 22) OSH #8-203-5 " POLLUTION CONTROL -- DISPOSAL OF PACKASED RADI0 ACTIVE WASTES" 4
- 23) OSH #8-203-6 " RADIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF RADI0 ISOTOPES USED FOR RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION"
- 24) OSH #8-203-7 " RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN ALPHATRON GAUGES"
- 25) OSH #8-203-8 "RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIAL IN DEW POINTERS"
- 26) OSH #8-203-9 "FQIS DENSIT0 METER"
- 27) OSH #8-203-10 "RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIAL IN STATIC ELIMINA-TION DEVICES"
- 28) Document 02-16601-1 " MINUTEMAN SAFETY CRITERIA" i
29)
BCAC " BUYERS GUIDE MANUAL"
- 30) Administration Procedure 630 "0CCUPATIONAL HEALTH EXAMINATIONS" l
- 31) Opeating Procedure 115-007
" PURCHASING 0F HAZARD 0L'S MATERIALS"
- 32) Operating Procedure 145-036
" PURCHASING ORDERS --
TYPING CODE NOTES"
- 33) OSH 3-701-2 " RESPIRATOR PROTECTION, OXYGEN DEFICIENCY AND AIR CONTAMINANTS"
- 34) Administrative Procedure 632
" CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS"
- 35) Administrative Procedure 732
" TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS BY LICENSED VEHICLES"
- 36) Document D180-14310-1
" POLLUTION CONTROL MANUAL" Ej
- 37) Document D204-13500
" HAZARDOUS RADIATION MONITORIN3" s
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E APPENDIX A - RADIATION HEALTH PROTECTION STANDARDS 1.0 PURPOSE 2.0 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE (MPD) - OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED PERSONNEL 2.1 External and Internal Limits 2.2 Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) 3.0 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE (MPD) - NON-0CCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED PERSONNEL 3.1 External Exposure Levels 3.2 Internal Exposure Levels 4.0 CONTAMINATION LIMITS 4.1 Skin and Clothing 4.2 Bench Tops & Floors in Radiation Area 4.3 Equipment for Use in Radiation Area 4.4 Equipment for Use Outside of Radiation Area, by Technical, Competent Personnel 4.5 Equipment for Use Outside of Radiation Area by Non-Technical Personnel 4.6 Aircraft for Release to Flight-Line Personnel 1
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1.0 PURPOSE This Appendix defines the terminology, lists and maximum permissible dose limits, maximum permissible concentration in water and air, and-interprets these standards as applied to The Boeing Company.
2.0 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE (MPD) - OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED PERSONNEL 2.1 External and Internal Limits:
Weekly
- Quarterly Yearly Whole body, critical organs, 100 millirem 1250 millirem 5000 millirem or equivalent Extremities -
hands and forearms, 1500 millirem 18750 millirem 75,000 millirem and feet and ankles fknofwhole 600 millirem 7500 milli Rem 30,000 millirem j
- Seven consecutive calendar days.
NOTES:
1)
For the purpose of simplicity in measurement, a dose of one "R" due to X or Gamma radiation up to 3 MeV is considered equivalent to a dose of one " REM".
- 2) One " RAD" of Beta Radiation is also considered equivalent to a dose cf one " REM".
3)
Appropriate " Quality Factors" (QF) will be assigned to other types of absorbed radiations.
- 4) mrem = 0.001 Rem (Roentgen Equivalent Man)
In keeping with Federal / State Regulatory Agency As L,ow As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principles, occupational dose Tevels shalT be maintained at ten percent (10%) or less, of the maximum allowable limits unless prior approval has been received from Radiation Health Protection.
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2.1.1 Exceptions - The MPD for weekly and quarterly limits may be I
exceeded in case of extreme necessity when the following procedure is used:
1)
All arrangements, including calculated potential expo-sures, type of equipment involved, and specific proce-dures to be followed, must be completed prior to an anticipated exposure exceeding normal maximtsn limits.
2)
Approval must be obtained from Radiation Health Protection.
2.1.2 Internal Hazard - Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPCl 2.1.2.1 Identified Radioactive Materials - For identified radio-isotopes,theMaximumPermissibleConcentrations(MPC)of contaminants in air or water shall be evaluated on an individual case basis. Acceptable MPC's for identified radioisotopes are listed in 10 CFR 20 or equivalent Agree-ment State Regulations.
2.1.2.2 Unidentified Radioactive Materials - If the contaminant is Not Known, the following MPC shall be used as Standards:
Type of Emitter MPC in Air MPC in Water Alpha 6x10-13 uCi/ml*
4x10-7 uCi/mi Beta or Gamma 3x10-9 uC1/mi 9x10-5 uC1/ml
- microCuries per millimeter concentration for forty hour work-week.
3.0 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE (MPD) - NON-0CCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED PERSONNEL 3.1 External Exposure Levels - Non-0ccupationally exposed personnel shall be restricted to the following whole body or equivalent radiation exposure levels:
- 1) 2 millirem in any one hour **
2) 10 millirem in any 7 consecutive days **
3) 500 millirem in any calendar year.
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- May be exceeded with prior written approval from Radiation-Health Protection.
i 3.2 Internal Exposure Levels - Internal exposure levels shall i
not exceed 10% of occupational exposure levels.
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4.0 CONTAMINATION GUIDELINES The Company's allowable radiological contamination guides are very conservative and represents efforts in meeting modern-day "ALARA" (Trciimstincis may dictite revising these As Low As Reasonably Achievable) concepts. Certain c levels.
1)
All activity must be " FIXED", that is, no detectable activity may be removed on wipe test.
2)
All readings are above natural background levels.
3)
Beta-Gama values listed below reflect measurements
~
obtained with a thin window open-end Geiger-counter (approximately 7 cm2 surface area).
i 4)
Alpha values were measured with an approximately 60 cm2 I
surface area alpha probe.
4.1 Skin and Clothing Ca45, Fe55, Sr90, y91, Zr95, Cel44, Pml47, B1 10 100 c/m 2
Other Beta-Gamma 500 c/m Other Alpha 100 d/m 4.2 Bench Tops & Floors in Radiation Area Beta-Gama 2,000 c/m i
Alpha 1,000 d/m 4.3 Equipment for Use in Radiation Area Beta-Gama 4,000 c/m Alpha 2,000 d/m NOTE: Fixed activity except for items in hoods, glove boxes, etc.
4.4 Equipment for Use Outside of Radiation Area, by Technical, Competent Personnel Beta-Gama 2,000 c/m
)
Alpha 1,000 d/m
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4.5 Equipment for Use Outside of Radiation Area by Non-Technical Personnel No detectable activity of any kind.
4.6 Aircraft for Release to Flight-Line Personnel Fission Product 2,000 c/m f
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APPENDIX B - ACCEPTED RADIATION WORK PRACTICES 1.0 PURPOSE 2.0 ACCEPTED RADIATION WORK PRACTICES 2.1 Training 2.2 Personnel Protective Measures 2.3 Radiation Work Area Protective Measures 2.4 Storage Requirements 2.5 Packaging Radioactive Waste for Disposal 4
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1.0 PURPOSE The purpose of this Appendix is to provide guidance in gen-erally accepted radiation work practices for all Boeing per-sonnel working with or around sources of ionizing radiation.
These instructions should be followed to protect individuals against internal and external radiation hazards.
Examples of these hazards are listed below.
1)
Internal Radiation Hazards o
Inhaling contaminated air o
Ingesting contamination through mouth o
Absorbing contamination through wounds, skin, etc.
2)
External Radiation Hazards o
Exposure to ionizing radiation energy from radio-active substances outside of the body.
o Exposure to radiation energy from radiation gener-ating equipment.
2.0 ACCEPTED RADIATION WORK PRACTICES 2.1 Training All individuals will be instructed in the following accepted radiation work practices, and be expected to apply these procedures.
2.2 Personnel Protective Measures 2.2.1 External Hszards Protection' 2.2.1.1 Dosimetry 1)
A radiation worker shall wear individually-assigned personnel dosimetry devices as required by Radiation Health Protection. Film badges, pocket dosimeters, T1.0 finger rings, and auxiliary TLD chips are available for measuring various types of external exposure.
2)
Personnel assigned dosimetry devices should never be used as test equipment for research studies.
Special dosimetry for these purpose may be obtained from Radia-j tion Health Protection.
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2.2.1.2 Radiation Surveys Periodic radiation surveys shall be conducted when indivi-duals are working around significant external dose rates.
2.2.1.3 Protection Factors Time, Distance and Shielding shall be used to the best advantage for reducing personnel exposure to ionizing radia-tion hazards.
2.2.2 Internal Hazards Monitoring 2.2.2.1 Bioassay Services Whenever real or potential internal radiation hazards exist, samples of body fluids or waste shall be collected from the affected individual (s). These samples shall be analyzed for possible internal deposition of radioactive material.
2.2.2.2 Protective Clothing / Equipment The following types of protective clothing / equipment shall be worn by individuals working with or around spreadable radioactive material. The severity of the hazard will determine the degree of protective clothing / equipment required (Ref. D1-8287 Volume 3).
o Lah Coat o
Coveralls o
Gloves-rubber gloves shall be worn when there are breaks in hand or forearm skin areas, or when working with liquids.
o Shoe Covers o
Skull Caps o
Rubber Suits and Caps, whenever large amounts cf liquids are involved.
o RespiratoryProtectiveEquipment(Ref: OSH 3-701-2), when airborne contamination hazards exist.
2.2.2.3 Surveys i
Adequate personnel surveys shall be conducted during j
any operations involving radiologically contaminated materials / equipment.
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rj 2.3 Radiation Work Area Protective Measures s
2.3.1 Access to radiation work areas will be limited to authorized personnel. The area will be identified so that unauthorized personnel are informed of the hazard and do not enter the area.
2.3.2 All locations containing radiation sources shall be controlled / posted in the following manner:
1)
Access to work areas shall be limited to authorized personnel.
2)
When required, warning signs shall be posted to alert personnel of the types and severity of existing hazards. Examples of these signs
- are as follows:
o " CAUTION--Radioactive Material"**
o " CAUTION-Radiation Area" o " CAUTION-High Radiation Area" o " CAUTION-Very High Radiation Area" o " CAUTION-Airborne Radioactivity Area" o " CAUTION-Radiation Hazard" May include other information which would aid in controlling or reducing radiation exposure.
Types of radioactivity, amounts of activity and date determined, and approximate radiation levels shall be included on labels (where multiple sources of radioactive material are involved, this information may be provided in some other approved manner within or near the facility).
3)
Federal / State " NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES" forms shall be conspicuously posted within or near each facility containing radiation sources.
4)
This Standard, along with other applicable specific-hazard related OSH Standards and Operating Procedures, shall also be posted within or near each facility containing radiation sources.
5)
Phone numbers shall be posted in all areas containing radiation sources as follows:
o Responsible individual's work and home phone numbers.
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Radiation Health Protection.
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Medical / Fire Protection / Security Emergency phone o
number.
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.f 2.3.3 Radiation work involving hazardous amounts of spreadable
-)
activity shall be conducted in approved Hoods or Glove Boxes that are equipped with forced ventilation and high efficiency filters. Spreadable contamination is not allowed outside of this equipment; however, low level amounts of fixed activity may be permitted in certain cases.
Fixed contaminated equipment or areas should be labeled as to Type, Element, Amount of activity present, and date that activity level was established.
2.3.4 All equipment must be surveyed for activity before it is removed from a radiation area where spreadable radioactive material has been used.
If found to be contaminated, the equipment shall be cleaned to within allowable amounts of Fixed activity before it is released from the area. When decontamination efforts fail to lower the contamination levels to non-hazardous amounts of Fixed activity, the equipment must be used only in Approved Radiation Areas, ce be disposed of through the Company's licensed radioactive material waste program.
NOTE: See APPENDIX A of this standard for allowable contamination levels.
2.3.5 Three factors should be considered in preventing external radiatin exposures:
DISTANCE. TIME, and SHIELDING.
2.4 Storage Requirements 2.4.1 Users should possess only encugh radioactive material fer current needs.
(Large amounts of radioactivity shall not be
" stocked" for long periods of time.) When there is a time lapse between receiving and using the material, the isote:es will be stored in non-breakable, adequately shielded, properly marked containers. The containers shall be secured and stored as far from personnel occupied areas as possib!e.
2.4.2 Radioactive materials shall be transferred in properly shielded containers and protected against breakage in case of droppage (e.g., Double containers when the material is in liquid form).
2.4.3 Radioactive gases or materials with radioactive gaseous Daughter Products must be stored only in gas-tight containers. The storage area must be well ventilated.
2.4.4 All containers of radioactive substances, as well as all contaminated supplies or equipment, shall be clearly labeled.
Proper labeling tags are available from Radiaticin i
Health Protection.
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2.4.5 Radiation Health Protection shall be informed of the
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location of all stored radioactive materials, and accompany transfers of all Specifically Licensed materials unless previous arrangements have been made concerning repetitive transfers of low hazard materials.
2.5 Packaging Radioactive Waste for Disposal See OSH 8-203-5 " Pollution Control-Disposal of Packaged Radioactive Waste".
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