ML20148L056

Section 3.1.2.a.1 of First Annual Environ Oper Rept for Subj Facil,Phytoplankton & Zooplankton Densities from Lake Erie Near the Davis-Besse Nuc Pwr Station During 1977

ML20148L056
Person / Time
Site:	Davis Besse
Issue date:	09/30/1978
From:	TOLEDO EDISON CO.
To:
Shared Package
ML20148L004	List: ML20148L015 ML20148L029 ML20148L041 ML20148L045 ML20148L056
References
TAC-11339, TAC-11601, NUDOCS 7811200106
Download: ML20148L056 (22)

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r

)- CLEAR TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 9b PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON DENSITIES FROM LAKE ERIE NEAR THE i DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION DURING 1977 Environmental Technical Specifications Sec. 3.1.2.a.1 Plankton Studies (Phytoplankton and Zooplankton)

\

Prepared by Jeffrey M. Reutter l

l Prepared for f

Toledo Edison Company Toledo, Ohio THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR LAKE ERIE AREA RESEARCH i

COLUMBUS, OHIO

\

September 1978

f O 3.1.2.a.1 Plankton Studies (Zooplankton and Phytoplankton)

. Procedures Plankton samples were collected approximately once every 30 days from April (Figure 1). Ncvember through from 7 sampling stations in the vicinity of Locust Point Four vertical tows, bottom to surface, were collected at each station with 'a Wisconsin plankton net (12 cm mcuth; no. 2,0, 0.080 nun mesh).

Each sample was concentrated to 50 ml. Two samples were preserved with lugol's and used for phytoplankton analysis. Soda water was added to the remaining 2 samples to relax the zooplankters prior to preservation with 5% formalin. The volume of water sampled was computed by multiplying the depth of the tow by the area of the net mouth. Three 1-ml aliquots were withdrawn from each 50-ml sample and placed in counting cells.

Whole organism counts of the phytoplankton were made from 25 random Whipple Disk fields in each of the three 1-ml aliquots from 2 samples. When filamentous forms number 100 or more in 10 Whipple fields, they were not counted in the remaining 15 fields.

possible, usua.11y to the genus or species Identification level. was carried as far as All zooplankters within each of the three 1-ml aliquots from 2 samples were counted by scanning the entire counting cell with a microscope. Identi-fication was carried as f ar as possible, usually to the genus or species level.

Zooplankton Results.

Zooplankters collected April through November 1978 were grouped in 61 taxa generally to the species level (Table 1). Thirty taxa were grouped under Rotifera, 17 under Copepoda, 11 under Cladocera, and 3 under Protozoa.

Monthly mean densities ranged from 55/1 in November to 1,086/1 in May.

The mean density from all samples collected in 1977 was 401/1. Zooplankton densities at individual sampling stations ranged from 34/1 at Station 8 in November to 1,474/1 at Station 1 in May (Table 2).

April Monuhly mean rotifer densities ranged. from 15/1 in November to 362/1 in (Table 1). The annual mean rotifer density for all samples collected in 1977 was 96/1 or 24 percent of the entire zooplankton density. The dominant rotifer taxa during 1977 were Synchaeta. spp, in April, July, and November; Keratella cochlearis in May; Polyarthra spp. in June, September, and October; and Trichocerca multicrinis in August. Synchaeta spp.'had the largest annual mean density, 19/1.

Rotifera was the dominant zooplankton group during April and October composing 82 percent and 44 percent, respectively, of the entire zooplankton population.

In contrast to this, rotifers constituted only 9 percent of the total zooplankton population in May.

Monthly mean copepod densities ranged from 25/1 in November to 851/1 in May (Table 1). The mean copepod density from all samples collected in 1977 was 177/1 or 44 percent of the entire zooplankton population. Cyclopoid copepodids dominated every month but July when immature Cyclops vernalis was the dominant

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TABLE 1 MONTHLY MEAN POPULATIONSo 0F INDIVIDUAL ZOOPLANKTON TAXA AT LOCUST POINT-1977 TAIA April Ny . June July August Sept. Oct, Now. Grand 26 24 22 13 30 12 26 22 Mean ROT!FIRA Anuraeopsis sp, 0.2 Ascoworpha sp. 0.02 0.4 0.04 Asplanchne priodonta 0.1 3.0 0.2 4.5 0.7 0.8 1.17 Brachionus enoularfs 0.1 0.3 17.2 7.6 0.2 e, calyctflorus 3.18 16.5 1.3 0.4 0.1 2.09 I. caudatus 0.1 I. havanaensis 0.01 1.9 10.5 0.1 1.62 T. urceolaris .

14.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 throacoaster ovalis 1.62 0.4 0.2 0.06 Filinia terminalis 14.8 1.1 0.1 kellicottia lonoispina 1.81 0.7 4.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.69 kerstella cochlearts 73.9 44.5 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.3 22.4 1.2 17.76

k. cuadrata 28,9 1.3 3.7 0.7 0.2 0.1 Y. serrula ts 0.8 0.2 4.14 3.5 0.39 Tecane lune 0.2 0.02

.ecane si~ 0.2 0.02

,epadella pale 11a 1,1 Monostyle sp. 0,2 0.12 hotholce acuminata 0.02 2.4 0.2 0.30

h. labis. 17.1 E 1.91 W, nuamula 5.0 0.57

. spp.

Fleosome sp. 1.2 1.3 0.32 0.1 0.02 Polvertnra spp. 86.5 28.4 4.4 4.6 38.8 35,3 Foghoirs sulcata 0.9 . 29.36 1.7 0.1 5.2 0.1 5 0.90 5ynchaeta spp. 93.0 7.6 16.5 10.8 Tricnocerca cylindrica - 1.3 3.5 10.8 16.83 0.7 0.08 T. multicrints 2.3 27.6 8.0 10.4 29.8 1.1 10.10 Unknown A 2.8 *

. Unknown B 0.31 0.2 0.03 Subtotal 362.1 94.2 107.2 35.3 23.1 81.8 70.3 14.5 95.50 C0p(PODA Calanoid Copepods Ofactomus ashlandii 1.6 1.4 0.1 0, minutus 0.40 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.27 D. creconensis 0.5

,D. sicilis 0.06 0.8 ' O.10 D. siciloides 0.3 3.1 1.0 5.1 7.7 2.3 4.3 1.4 3.11

'Ipischura lacustris 0.1 ury tesoraTf fini s 0.01 0.1

• 0.02

.imocalanus macrurus 0.3 Ja t s todiaptomus oreconensis 0.03 0.5 8.4 2.8 0.8 2.0 1.88 Lopepodios. calanoic 5.4 12.6 5.2 9.0 0.6 Naupill, calanoid 0.9 5.9 0. 3 - 4.96 6.8 89.3 0.6 0.9 5.6 2.4 7.8 0.6 14.72 Cyclopoid Copepods Cyclops bicuspidatus thomast 1.0 24.2 2.7 2.4 5.1 1.3 7.2 5.71 C b.t. ima ture) 4.2 33.5 38.6 1.6 2.2 9.1 4.2 3.2 12.51 f.~virna(lis 13.5 12.4 13.7 0.4 0.1 0.3 5.04 f 6.7 12.5 19.6 fo.perodidss vernalis (imature) cyclopold 4.71 21.5 656.7 155.0 11.3 31.4 26.4 35.8 9.2 123.03 haudlit. CyClopold 2.0 .

0.6 0.7 Subtotal 0.39 45.8 851.1 231.1 62.1 50.5 46.6 59.3 24.9 176.94 CLADOCERA Alona sp. 0.1 0.1 Bosmina lonairostris 1.1 0.01 29.1 0.1 0.5 2.5 4.33 teriodaphnia sp. . 0.1 0.1 Enroorus sonaericus 0.02 2.5 18.6 1.9 0.5 4.3 3.1 6.9 7.9 5.88 Dapnnia caleata mendote 1.3 1.1 0.3 1.8 0.1 1.6 0.74 D 0.2 0.03 D.. manna pule 0.1 0.9 D. retrocurva 0.13 3.9 65.6 52.9 74.8 5.6 7.2 0.5 26.03 Utaphanosome leuchtenberniann 0.1 3.7 0.3 1.5 4.7 4.6

[ubosmina coregoni 0.1 0.1 1.89 l 1.7 10.8 123.8 30.7 16.3 14.0 19.1 3.6 28.03 i Leptodora kindtil 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.40 '

Subtotal 10.9 129.8 180.1 110.4 31.2 30.1 27.2 15.6 47.49 j PROT 020A I Acineta sp. 0.1

! Carthesium sp. 0.01 0.2 0.02 l Difflucia sp. 20.3 10.6 225.1 98.3 39.5 92.3 1.8 0.2 61.41 Subtotal 20.4 10.6 226.3 98.3 39.5 92.3 1.8 0.2 61.44 707AL 439.1 1085.7 744.7 306.0' 144.4 250.7 158.6 55.2 401.36 l

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-TABLE 2 MONTHLY MEAN ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS *.FROM j SAMPLING STATIONS AT LOCUST POINT,_ LAKE ERIE - 1977-

- Date. April May ~ June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. ' Grand

.26 24 22 13 30 12 26 22 Mean

. Station

!' 1 510 1474 1066 533 85 '315 268 63 539

i. 3 ~323 879 783 265 223 230 112 42' 357

! 6~ 330 1012 498 249 113 202 128 50 323 i '

! 8 318- 812 504 '

216 100 263 154- 34 300 13 -482 1421 875 ** 136 249 176 80 489 14 468 929 585 222 156 288 119- 67 354 18 528 1073 902 '352 167 208 154 50 429 i i

-Grand

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Mean 439 1086 745 306 ~ 144 251 159 55 401 i

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1 to 'b ttom to Data presented as no. of or anisms/l and computed from duplicate'vertsurface) with' a Wisconsin s".ak:sa.- p ankton net

'** Insufficient preservation.

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group. Copepoda was the dominant zooplankton group in May, June, August, and November representing 78 percent, 31 percent. 35 percent, and 45 percent, respectively, of the total zooplankton population. The abrupt pulse in May was due primarily to immature cyclopoid, forms although calanoid nauplii also increased from 7/1 in April to 89/1 in May.

Monthly mean cladoceran densities ranged from 11/1 in April to 180/1 in June (Table 1). The mean cladoceran density from all samples collected in 1977 was 67/1 or 17 percent of the total zooplankton population. Cladoceran popu-1ations were dominated by Daphnia retrocurva in April, May, and July; Eubosmina coregoni in June, August, September, and October; and Chydorus sphaericus in November. Eubosmina coregoni had the largest annual mean density, 28/1.

Cladocera was the dominant zooplankton group only in July when it constituted 36 percent of the total zooplankton density.

Monthly mean protozoan densities ranged from 0.2/1 in November to 226/1 in June (Table 1). The annual mean density of 61/1 was 15 percent of the total zooplankton population. Difflugia sp. was always the dominant protozoa taxon.

Protozoa was the dominant zooplanton group in September constituting 37% of the entire zooplankton population.

All raw data were keypunched and are stored in Columbus, Ohio at the offices of the Center for Lake Erie Area Research on the campus of The Ohio State University.

Analysis. Zooplankton populations at Locust Point have been monitored monthly during ice-free periods since 1972. In 1977, 2 new monthly highs and 3 new monthly lows were established (Figure 2). Zooplankton densities in April and May were the highest observed during those months since sampling was initiated in 1972, while densities observed in July, August, and November were the lowest observed for those months. Results from other months fell within the ranges established from 1972-1976.

In general, densities observed at Locust Point in 1974 and 1975 were higher than those observed in 1972 and 1973. Densities in 1976 were inter-mediate between the 2 groupings while densities from April - June 1977 were similar to those observed in 1974 and 1975 and those from the remainder of 1977 were similar to those observed in 1972 and 1973.

There are several plausible explanatior.s for the variation which has occurred. Samples in 1972 were collected 'with a 3-1 Kemmerer water bottle at the surface. From 1973-1976 samples were collected by a vertical tow, bottom to surf ace, with a Wisconsin plankton net. A brief comparison study in 1973 showed that the vertical tow captured approximately 50 percent more taxa than a 3-1 grab (Reutter and Herdendorf,1974). The actual stations sampled have varied from year to year. In 1973 the intake and discharge pipelines were being dredged, and in 1972 tropical storm Agnes affected the weather. Due to the weather, samples were neither collected on the same day of the month each year nor spaced exactly one month apart. Hubschman (1960) pointed out the tremendous differences which occurred between daily samples, and these samples were taken monthly, while Wieber and Holland (1968) showed that even with replication, wide variation can occur due to patchiness in population den-sities. The high spring populations from 1975 were undoubtedly largely due to early warming and lower turbidity as the total zooplankton population was I . . _ _ _ _

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FIGURE 2. MONTHLY MEAN ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1972 - 1977.

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FIGURE 3. MONTHLY MEAN ROTIFER POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1972 - 1977.

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FIGURE 4. MONTitLY MEAN COPEP00 POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1972 - 1977.

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significantly correlated with both temperature and turbidity (r = 0.587 and

-0.328, respectively) (Reutter, 1976). Finally, operation of station circu-lating pumps was comon in 1976 and 1977.

Rotifer populations in 1977 were the highest observed during the 6 years of the study in April and they were slightly lower than previous years for the remaining months (Figure 3). With the exception of the month of May, copepod populations were similar to those observed in the past (Figure 4). Each year a large copepod pulse is observed during May, June, and sometimes July. In 1977, the May pulse was approximately twice as large as previous pulses. Cladoceran populations during 1977 were very similar to previous years except that the normal fall pulse was not as prominant (Figure 5).

In sumary, due to the large variability observed in previous years, zooplankton populations observed in 1977 should be considered typical for the south shore of the Western Basin of Lake Erie.

Phytoplankton Results. Phytoplankters collected April to November 1977 were divided into 97 taxa, generally to the genus level (Table 3). Twenty-six taxa were grouped in Bacillariophyceae, 46 in Chlorophyceae, 1 in Chrysophyceae, 1 in  !

Cryptophyceae, 3 in D1nophyceae, 2 in Euglenophyceae, 16 in Myxophyceae, and 2 in Protozoa.

Monthly mean phytoplankton populations ranged from 9,914/1 in June to 224,075/1 in April (Table 4). The mean density from all samples collected in 1977 was 100,922/1. Phytoplankton densities at individual sampling stations ranged from 3,176/1 at Station 3 in June to 400,135/1 at Station 1 in November.

Population pulses were observed in the spring and the fall (Figure 6). These pulses were caused by diatoms (Figure 7).

Monthly mean bacillariophycean densities ranged from 771/1 in June to 216,609/1 in April (Table 3). The annual mean bacillariophycean density from all samples collected during 1977 was 77,526/1 or 77 percent of the entire phytoplankton density. The dominant diatom taxa were Stephanodiscus binderanus in April, May, and October; Melosira islandica in June and July; Fragilaria spp. in August and September; and Melosira ambigua in November.

Stephanodiscus binderanus had the largest annual mean population, 39,219/1.

Diatoms were the dominant phytoplankton

• group during April, May, August, October, and November constituting 97 percent, 99 percent, 58 percent, 71 percent, and 65 percent, respectively, of the entire phytoplankton population.

In contrast to this, diatoms represented only 8 percent of the June phyto-plankton density. As mentioned above, large pulses were observed in the fall and spring (Figure 7).

Monthly mean chlorophycean densities ranged from 852/1 in May to 27,141/1

-in November with an annual mean population from all samples collected during 1977 of 8,554/1 or 8 percent of the total phytoplankton population (Table 3).

The dominant green algae taxa were Binuclearia sp. in April and June; Pedi-astrum duplex in May; P_. simplex in July; Mugeotia sp. in August, October, and November; and Ulothrix sp. in September. Binuclearia sp. had the largest annual mean population, 2,212/1. Chlorophyceae was the dominant phytoplankton

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TABLE 3 MONTHLY MEAN POPULATIONS

• OF INDIVIDUAL ,

PHYTOPLANKTON TAXA AT LOCUST POINT - 1977 July August Sept. Oct, hov. Grand .

April May June Mean 22 13 30 12 26 22 TAIA 26 24 8ACILLAR10PHYCEAE (Diatoms) 0 0 0 0 1017 Asterionella sp. 8126 0 0 12 0 7 0 435 9919 3049 A formosa 9198 4810 ' 20 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 38 I. oracillima 0 20 43 0 0 0 0 496 Tyclote na sp. 3566 336 0 0 41 Cymatopleurs so, 312 10 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 3 t Dlatera sp. 27 ' 0 0 0 0 32 38187 8638 0 0 6250 FraoHacia spp. 8702 14365 73 763 433 664 2941 1781 F crotenensis 8389 929 13 116 18722 5288 T. vaucherise 0 0 0' O 0 0 23583 0 0 0 8 3 0 0 9 Tyrostoma sp. 60 192 9 226 Melos tra sp. 0 0 0- 0- 34 1575 7616 0 0 0 0 0 1183 59744 M. ambtoua 0 '637 0 0 273 3110 349 1360 Helostra granulata 0 5 1315 984 3270 713 7578 10782 M. islandica 23194 48879 321 i

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 R. vertaas 0 0 0 0 13 30 6 0 6 Naviculoid 0 4 0 0 0 6 23 - 0 0 Nitzschte sp. 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0 707 Rhitosolenia sp. 0 0 16 0 0 15 0 5 5tepnanodiscus sp. 0 5 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 1

5. astres 0 302 5 161 1021 62517 1963 39219 T. binderanus 150742 97042 4 7 22 0 36 21 Turtrella sp. 99 0 0 4 0 0 91 35 38 132 36 3 Synedra sp. 0 0 0 0 655 labellaria sp. 4062 1147 19 8 0 0 0 56 2236 287 T. fenestrata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Tropidonets sp. 0 . 0 0 19 1578 20481 18138 89804 105250 77526 bubtotal 216609 167574 771 CHLOROPHYC[A[

(Green Algae) 120 427 113 Actinastrum sp. 96 16 0 0 43 204 0 0 101 368 1559 1267 412.

Anktstrodesmus falcatus 0 0

.534F 119 238 $87 3895 6304 2212 Binocieseta sp. 1144 63 0 0 0 6 7 0 0 2 Chlamydomona_s sp. 0 36 5 28- 15 9 3 0 clostertum sp. 133 91 0 0 0 0 200 217 52

c. actculare 0 0 26 17 0 34 56 toelastrum sp. 0 0 138 229 *

c. microporum 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0. 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0.3 C. naegelianum 0 80 0 0 0 18 359 182 79 C. reticulatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 toelosphaerium sp. 11 11 2 2

0 3 0 0 6 2 Cosmar tum sp. 0 1 6 1 0 0 0 '0 2 0 3 Cructoenia so. . 0 0 7 0 0 1

c. rectanoviaris 0 0 0 0 6 16 6 ' B0 14 Dictyosphaerium sp. 0 0 4 0 0 0 17 8 3 Elektothrts sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0. 0 0.3 Errerella bornhemtensis 0 0 0 0 1 Kudorina sp. 5 0 2 0 0 0 0 .0 0 4 0 0 1 France 14 droescheri 0 0 0- 0 4 5 2 0 1 Eolenkinta sp. 0 13 0 0 0 7 13 37 50 Kirchnertella sp. 0 12 0 0 0 0 23 16 57 K. luna ts 0 9 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 Esoerheimia sp. 0 42 21 0 0 0 Ccractinium sp. 28 0 90 8 0 3 O o 0 0 26 0 0 Microspora sp. 1855 158 290 30 298 3159 8497 15892 Muaeotia sp. 815

7 o 1 TABLE 3 (CON'T.)

MONTHLY MEAN POPULATIONS

• OF INDIVIDUAL PHYTOPLANKTON TAXA AT LOCUST POINT - 1977 July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Grand April May June Mean 24 22 13 30 12 26 22 TAIA 26 0 0 0 54 7 Oedoennium sp. 0 0 0 0 26 66 49 68 31 Docystis sp. 0 0 24 11 809 163 98 0 0 0 159 Fediastrum biradiatun 129 70 0 2 2 39 146 24 P. boryanum 0 0 0 197 155 945 1132 446 F. dupies 162- 236 763 215 475 245 339 357 415 274 F. simple 207 69 86 5 0 10 5ceneoesmus sp. 56 0 5 0 11 5 0 0 0 0 2 18 52 .130 25

5. acuminatus 2 7 0 5 2 0 0 0 0

5. eenticulatus 22 80 140 187 80

5. cuadricauda 37 124 27 20 0 20 41 87 96 32 5chroederia sp. 0 10 0.

0 7 0 0 0' 0 3 17 38 5elenastrum sp. 0.3 0 0 2 0 0 0 IEnaerocystis sp. 0 0 0 0 3 5p6rooyra sp. 26 0 0 0 0 0 3 18 87 173 75 5taurastrum paradosum 26 4 28 257 3 15 18 3 5 Tetraedron sp. 0 0 0 0 10 27 19 7 Tetrastrum sp. 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 7 0 0 1 Treubar ta sp. 0 645 0 0 0 179 4465 278 239 Ulotheti sp. 0 9 0 0 0 0 untoenttfled 13 0 54 5 1610 10034 16665 27141 8554 2888 852 7675 1563 Subtotal.

CWtYSOPHh5EAE (Brown Algae) 0 366 46 Dinobeyon sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 CRYPTOPHYCEAE (Golden brown Algae) 692 446 163 0 0. 0 0 27 135 Crntomonas erosa OlN0PHYCEAE (Dinoflagellates) 108 6 6 544 0 550 164 42 Ceratium etrundinella 3478 0 3 0 0 0.4 Diplosalis acuta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 Feridinium sp. 0 0 0 3 545 167 42 111 6 6 sub total 3478 0 550 EtCLENOPHYCEAE (Euglenas) 0 0 28 4 0 0 0 0 0 Euq1ena sp. 0 0 0 23 1rachelomonas sp. 0 0 0 185 0 0 0 0 28 27 0 0 0 185 Subtotal MY10PHYCEAE (Blue-greenAlgae) 0 0 0 8 0 0 4 11 51 Anabaena sp. 29 13 43 0 0 10 291 A. planctonica 0 0 564 454 458 0 0 24 333 2285 A. spiro6 des 0 0 0 0 11 Ina:ystis sp. 0 0 0 0 87 8565 12645 6806 8628 8187 Aphantromenon sp. 0 0 743 28106 30 Tphanocapsa sp. 0 0 62 '2 70 104 0 0

0 0 1 l

Annanothece sp. 0 0 0 4 0 2 13 57 0 0 14 Chroococcus sp. 0 10 24 5 0 8 0 0 0 1

. Glocothece sp. 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2' 5 spaaer_ta sp. 5 11 0 6 55 0 10 9 e smopedia sp. 0 0 0 0 445 0 0 0 162 Microcystis sp. 40 5 74 772 0 131 676 84 28 115 at. aervainosa 0 0 0 73 0 0 1 242 333 3 2 R. incerta 0 18863 4632 68 11 241 3081 3491 11303 h et11storia sp. 909 135 0 0 0 4 15 840 221 Raphid6opsts sp. 0 28219 13998 94 918 29166 13048 19954 19629 subtotal 954 PROT 020A 0 0 0 1

0. 10 0 0 0 Acineta sp. 0 0 65 0 0 0 0 5accate protozoan 147 36 9 0 66 373 0 0 0 0 0 subtotal 147 35208 48372 126796 161456 100922 101AL 224076 168899 9914 32659

• Expressed an no. of whole organisms /1 and computed from duplicate vertical tows (bottom to surface) with a Wisconsin plankton net (12 cm diameter, 0.080 L

m mesh) from 7 sampling stations on dates indicated.

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TABLE 4

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MONTHLY MEAN PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS

• FROM SAMPLING STATIONS AT LOCUST POINT, LAKE ERIE - 1977 DATE April May June July August September. ' October 26 24 22 November GRMD 13 30 12 26 22 M0ue 1 314406 206334 20205 27636 24242 11216 62534 400135 140839 3 188717 201735 3176 30451 - 26614 40281 152681 149954 99201 6 302004 171276 15272 34736 19381 '48313 83864 172664 105939 8 142686 124782 e 3598 34028 22641 36743  !!6363 93383 71778 13 193221 191170 9919 35046 ' 29499 46421 136376- 111081 94091 14 205610 167678 6265 33071 35838 43416 150130 80593 90125 18 221878 119267 7801 32535 88200 52222 185656 122409 103746 Grand -

Mean 224075 168892 9913 32658 35202 48374 126800 161460 100922 Data presented as no. of whole organisms /l and computed from duplicate vertical tows (bottom to surface) with a Wisconsin plankton net (12 cm diameter, 0.080 m mesh) at each station. .

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FIGURE 6. MONTHLY MEAN PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS "

FOR LAKE ERIE AI LOCUST POINT, 1974-1977

'320,000'-

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.i 220,000 - i 7

8

, 200,000 -  !

i 180,000 - ,

I  ?

160,000 - l I

140,000 - l l.

l -

,L.

120,000 - I I i I

100,000 - . ,. [

t I l b.

I l

80,000 - / I, l l t g

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,. ~ ,.......,,,,,,,,,,,,,, \ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

A MJJ ASOND J FM AMJ J ASON 0 J FM AHJJ ASON EJ FM A MJJ ASO ND 1974 1975 1976 :1977 V

_ _ . -_ .._. _ ., ._ . _ . ~ _ .

t . .

FIGURE'7 l MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE,. CHLOR 0PHYCEAE, AND MYX0PHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1977.

220,000 =

210,000 =

200,000 -

l 190,000 = ##"'

Chlorophyceae M OM =

170,000 -

160,000 -

150,000--

140,000 =

130,000 -

120,000=- 'l s

f 110,000=

5 h 100,000-3

$ 90,000 -

i 80,000=

70,000-

• 60,000-50,000 - '

40,000 = l 30,000 = _

20,000 - ,

N ' _' N 10,000= \ ' -\ \

\ \ \ \  :

0 m _ ._

C=, e\h -h h N h i

n. m- .= ouu m. sur. Oct. . . I I

y----9v 4 yer,-y- - - --ww -e+y,,wvwywy,-yv1rvyg,--% tv svey ow y =t gg.,p-W se egkym.W3ap,v-g-e-t*p-ogmgg-3.e.. -e-e99y---'W e m www * ' w ave-e.-w-*Appme ee eir-verg+ e=-eww'e--.wu.u-*e-ae'= - - - - th.--=" - - -- - - - - - - -- - - -

-g j class in June, represerting 77 percent of the total phytop1'ankton population. 1 However, chlorophyceans reached

their greatest densities in November,

. 27,141/1,: but constituted only ;17 percent of the total phytoplankton.

population due to a large diatom pulse. j

.Chrysophycean was a rare class represented only by' Dinobryon sp. which - . ,

occurred only in November,'366/1 (Table 3). l Cryptophyceae,was' another relatively rare class represented only by Cryp-tomonas erosa which occurred. at low densities from August through. November (Table 3). * .

f Dinophyceae, grouped here with the phytoplankton, was represented by 3 taxa of.which Ceratium hirundinella wa,s the most abundant (Table.3).

Euglenophyceae was-represented by Euglena'sp. which occurred in No'vember and Trachelomonas'sp. which occurred in July.

- Monthly mean myxophycean densities ranged from 94/1 in May to 29,166/1 in July;with an annual. mean density from all samples collected in 1977 of 13,998/1,14 percent of the total phytoplankton mean.(Table 3). The dominant myxophycean taxa'were Oscillatoria sp. in' April, May, October, and November and- l Aphanizomenon sp. from June through September. Aphanizomenon sp. exhibited q

the largest annual mean density, 8,187/1. 'Myxophyceae was the dominant algal class in July and September constituting 89 percent and'41 percent, respec-tively,.of the total phytoplankton density. In contrast to'this, myxophyceans represented only 0.05 percent of-the phytoplankton population in May.

1 3

. Protozoa, grouped here with the _phytoplankton, was represented by only two. taxa, Acineta_ sp. and Saccate protozoan, neither of which ' represented a ,

significant portion of the total phytoplankton density'(Table 3).

All raw data were keypunched and are stored in Columbus, Ohio at the offices of the Center for Lake Erie Area Research on- the campus of The Ohio State University. .

'l Analysis. The Center for Lake Erie Area Research has monitored phyto-plankton populations at Locust Point since 1974 (Figure 6). Radical dif- 1 ferences were noted between populations in 1974 and 1975, but 77 percent of the variation was explainable by variation in, physical and chemical parameters.of water quality (Reutter, 1976) . Baci11ariophycean and Chlorophycean popu-1ations observed in 1974 and 1975 were quite comparable (Figures 8 and 9). The Myxophycean component of the populations accounted for.the diff erences between the 2 years. ' No Myxophycean bloom occurred in. 1974,.whereas a huge Aphanizomenon sp. . bloom occurred in August 1975. This bloom was hi correlated with .incre'ased transparency (80 percent greater and than decreased turbidity (20 percent of that observed in 1974) (Reutter, 1976). A correlation of this type was first hypothesized by Chandler and Weeks-(1945). ]

Baci11ariophyceae .and Chlorophyceae populations in 1976 were similar in

. size and composition to those observed in 1974 and 1975 (Figures 8, 9, and 10).

(The; diatom population, especially, was strikingly similar from year to year, h; with 1976'most resembling 1974. Populations were always greatest in spring 'and

'f all,; and pulses which begin and end abruptly were comonplace. Chlorophycean I

6

-- y * , w e gy,w y s**+-,*5 **,,ww+r-t e + w- pe +"w w-v'irt e me- 9 v C-4 4 -e W-ov e w w ' v ~ se-twriv~=ce--=-**W",rm-tww,

q l '

i

• 98,000 -

N Bacillariophyceae 1

Chlorophyceae 20,000 .___

F j

] Myxophyceae I $

2

' q~ 15,000 to i E

\ 3 4

E

! F 10,000 C

I 5,000 1 /

! /

r / -

0 -

1 APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV I

FIGURE ' 8 MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE, AND MYXOPHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT - 1974.

s 315 .

\

1=

q 90 W Bacillariophyceae \

\

Chlorophyceae \

v N 70

. Myxophyceae \

N 60 5 \

50 1 do I N 30 N N 20

\ N T 10 l 3

N N N

[N.

O APR tv%Y JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FIGURE 9. MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE, AND MYXOPHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT - 1975.

2_.._ __.____ ___ ________ ____-_

a s

FIGURE 10 MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE, AND MYXOPHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT,1976.

100,000 -- M '

Bacillartophyceae

• ~~

l Chlorophyceae 80,000 -- -

Myxophyceae

\

\

70,000 --

x N 5 60,000 N N 50,000

? .

N N s 40,000 N N P 30,000 e

N N 20,000 N N 10,000 N N X 0

MAR. / PR .

MAY JUNE

. N set-1 3] hma JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV.

r-s populations tended to increase in the fall. A very small pulse was observed in June 1975 which was not observed in 1974 or 1976.

The 1976 Myxophycean population was between the extremes set forth in 1974 and 1975. A bloom of Apha 11zomenon sp. occurred in July and August which corresponded well in time of occurrence with the 1975 August bloom, but, though it was slightly longer in peak duration, it was only one third the magnitude of the 1975 bloom and started and ended much more abruptly. Again, these pulses appear to be explainable by variation in transparency and turbidity. Trans-parency in 1976 was similar to 1975 and much greater than 1974, while tur-bidity, though more variable than in 1974 or 1975, reached a low in July similar to that observed in 1975 and below that of 1974 (Reutter and Herdendorf,1977).

The 1977 phytoplankton population exhibited diatom blooms in fall and spring as in preceding years, however, the spring bloom was approximately twice as large as those observed from 1974-1976. The myxophycean population showed j pulses in sumer as in 1975 and 1976, but blue-greens also increased in the ,

fall which was only hinted at in previous years. Chlorophycean populations were generally low and were very similar to those observed in 1974 and 1976.

In sumary, it is obvious from Figures 7-10, that the major differences between 1977 and previous years were in the size of the spring and fall diatom pulses and the summer myxophycean pulse. However, lack of a large sumer blue-green bloom is not unusual (1974) and the unusually long and cold winters of 1976-1977 and 1977-1978 undoubtedly had a large influence on diatom densities as they are cold water forms. Furthermore, the increase in the myxophycean densities in the f all of 1977 was due to Oscillatoria sp. which is also a cold water form. Consequently, phytoplankton populations observed at Locust Point during 1977 should not be considered unusual for the southwest shore of Lake Erie during 1977.

I l

c

/

6 1

LITERATURE CITED Chandler, D.C., and 0.B. Weeks. 1945. Limnological studies of western Lake Erie V: relation of- limnological. and meteorological conditions . to the production of phytoplankton'in 1942. Ecol. Monogr. 15:435-456.

i .

Hubschman, J.H. 1960. . Relative daily abundance of planktonic crustacea in j the island region of western Lake Erie. Ohio'J. Sci. 60:335-340.

Reutter, J.M. and C.E. Herdendorf. 1977. Pre-operational aquatic ecology monitoring program for 'the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1.

The Ohio State University, CLEAR, Columbus, Ohio. 205 pp.

" Reutter, J.M. 1976. An Environmental Evaluation of a Nuclear Power Plant on Lake Erie; Some Aquatic Effects. Ph.D. Dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 242 pp.

Reutter, J.M. and C.E. Herdendorf. 1974. Environmental evaluation of a nuclear power plant on Lake Erie. Ohio State Univ., Columb , Ohio.

Project F-41-R-5, Study I and II. U.S. Fish and Wildlife. Serv.ce Rept.

v 145 pp.-

Wieber, P.H. and W.R. Holland. 1968. Plankton patchiness: effects' on repeated nt tows. Limnol. Oceanogr. 13:315-321.

l l

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