ML20069G768
| ML20069G768 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Mcguire, McGuire  |
| Issue date: | 12/22/1975 |
| From: | DUKE POWER CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20069G141 | List: |
| References | |
| ENVR-751222, NUDOCS 9406100151 | |
| Download: ML20069G768 (590) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:. . - t k o ; 4 Duke Power Company ! McGUIRE NUCLEAR STATION ! UNITS 1 AND 2 : Environmental Report l Operating License Stage ! O %lume 1 ; l l ra> ( tigy I O !
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i i ER TABLE 0F CONTENTS Section Page Number f r INTRODUCTION ER l-1 ; 1.0 PURPOSE OF PROPOSED FACILITY ER 1.1-1
- i 1.1 NEED FOR POWER 'ER 1.1-1 l 1.1.1 LOAD CHARACTERISTICS ER 1.1-1 1.1.2 POWER SUPPLY ER 1.1-1 t
1.1.3 CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS ER 1.1-2 1.2 OTHER OBJECTIVES ER 1.1-3 l.3 CONSEkUENCES OF DELAY ER 1.1-3 ; 2.0 THE SITE ER 2.0-1 2.1 SITE LOCATION AND LAYOUT ER 2.1-1 2.2 REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHY, LAND, AND WATER USE ER 2.2-1 O 2.2.1 DEMOGRAPHY ER 2.2-1 - 2.2.2 LAND USE ER 2.2-1 2.3 REGIONAL HISTORIC, SCENIC, CULTURAL, AND NATURAL ER 2.3-1 LANDMARKS ,, 2.3.1 HISTORIC ER 2.3-1 2 3.2 SCENIC ER 2.3-1 2.3.3 CULTURAL ER 2.3-1 ' 2.3.4 NATURAL LANDMARKS ER 2.3-2 . 2.4 GEOLOGY ER 2.4-1 2.5 HYDROLOGY ER 2.5-1 i I 2.5.1 SURFACE WATER ER 2.5-1 2.5.2 GROUNDWATER ER 2.5-1 2.5.3 LAKE NORMAN ER 2.5-3
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2.6 METEOROLOGY ER 2.6.1 j 2.7_ ECOLOGY ER 2.7-1 '! i ER I I l
f [3 \ / ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page Number 2.7.1 TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA ER 2.7-1 2.7.2 PHYTOPLANKTON ER 2.7-4 2.7.3 ZOOPLANKTON ER 2.7-9 2.7.4 PERIPHYTON ER 2.7-14 2.7.5 B ENTH05 ER 2.7-20 2.7.6 FISH ER 2.7-27 2.7.7 PRE-EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ER 2.7-48
2.8 BACKGROUND
RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ER 2.8-1 2.8.1 VARIATIONS IN BACKGROUND ER 2.8-1 2.9 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES ER 2.9-1 3.0 THE PLANT ER 3.1-1 3.1 EXTERNAL APPEARANCE ER 3.1-1 /3 ( 3.2 REACTOR AND STEAM-ELECTRIC SYSTEM ER 3.2-1 3.3 STATION WATER USE ER 3.3-1 3.4 HEAT DISSIPATION SYSTEM ER 3.4-1 3.5 RADWASTE SYSTEMS ER 3.5-1 3.5.1 LIQUID WASTE SYSTEM ER 3.5-1 3,5.2 STEAM GENERATOR BLOWDOWN RECYCLE SYSTEM ER 3.5-5 3.5.3 WASTE GAS SYSTEM ER 3.5-6 l 3.5.4 SOLID WASTE SYSTEM ER 3.5-7 3.6 CHEMICAL AND BIOCIDE WASTES ER 3.6-1 3.6.1 MECHANICAL CLEANING OF CONDENSER TUBES ER 3.6-1 l 2j 3.6.2 CHEMICAL WASTE SOURCES ER 3.6-la l l 3.6.3 CHEMICAL WASTE DISCHARGES ER 3.6-4 1 3.7 SANITARY AND OTHER WASTE SYSTEMS ER 3.7-1 i 3.7.1 SANITARY WASTE SYSTEMS ER 3.7-1 ! 3.7.2 PERMANENT SANITARY WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM ER 3.7-1 l i ER li Revision 2
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/~1 , l i
/' ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)' ,
Section Page Number 3.7.3 OTHER WASTE SYSTEMS ER 3.7-2' ;
.i 3.8 RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIALS INVENTORY ER 3.8-1 l 3.8.1 FRESH FUEL ER 3.8-1 f 3.8.2 1RRADIATED FUEL ER 3.8-1 !
3.8.3 RADI0 ACTIVE WASTES ER 3.8-1 . 3.9 TRANSMISS10N FACiL1TlES ER 3.9-1 l 1 3.9.1 230kV and 525kV SWITCHING STATIONS ER 3.9-3 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SITE PREPARATION. PLANT i AND TRANSMISSION FACILITIES ER 4.1-1 l' t 4.1 SITE PREPARATION AND PLANT CONSTRUCTION ER 4.1-1 4.1.1 EFFECTS ON LAND USE ER 4.1-1 t 4.1.2 EFFECTS ON WATER USE ER 4.1-4 if 4.1 3 CONTROLS TO LIMIT IMPACT Or SITE ER 4.1-5 I 4.1.4 EFFECTS OF NOISE ER 4.1-6 : 4.1.5 CONSTRUCTION WORK FORCE ER 4.1-7 j 4.1.6
SUMMARY
OF CONSTRUt. TION EFFECTS ER 4.1-8 l 4.2 TRANSMISSION FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION ER 4.2-1 ! 4.3 RESOURCES COMMITTED ER 4.3-1 .! 1l 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS O F PLANT OPERATION ER 5.1-1 l ; i 5.1 EFFECTS OF OPERATION OF HEAT DISSIPATION SYSTEM ER 5.1-1 l 5.1.1 PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS ER 5.1-1 ! i 5.1.2 EFFECTS OF ENTRAINMENT AND HEATED EFFLUENTS ON PHYTOPLANKTON ER 5.1-7 l 5.1.3 EFFECTS OF HEATED EFFLUENTS ON ZOOPLANTON ER 5.1 -! q if 5.1.4 EFFECTS OF HEATED EFFLUENT ON PERIPHYTON ER 5.1-19 5.l.5 EFFECTS OF HEATED EFFLUENT ON BENTH05 ER 5.1-21 i 5.1.6 EFFECTS OF HEATED EFFLUENT ON FISHES- _ER 5.1-25 O l ER ill . Revision _1
i f'N ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) . N. Page Number Section i 5.2 RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT ON BIOTA OTHER THAN MAN ER 5.2-1 5.2.1 EXPOSURE PATHWAYS ER 5.2-1 5.2.2 RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT ER 5.2-1 , 5.2.3 DOSE RATE ESTIMATES ER 5.2-2 5.3 RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT ON MAN ER 5.3-1 5.3.1 EXPOSURE PATHWAYS ER 5.3-1 : 5.3.2 LiqulD EFFLUENTS ER 5.3-1 5.3.3 GASE0US EFFLUENTS ER 5.3-3 5.3.4 DIRECT RADIATION ER 5.3-5 5.3.5
SUMMARY
OF ANNUAL RADIATION DOSES ER 5.3-7 5.4 EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL AND B10 CIDE DISCHARGES ER 5.4-1 5.4.1 DETERGENTS ER 5.4-1 5.4.2 S0DIUM HYDROXIDE AND SULFURIC ACID ER 5.4-1 5.4.3 SODIUM PHOSPHATES ER 5.4-1 5.4.4 CYCLO-HEXYAMINE ER 5.4-2 5.4.5 CHLORINE ER 5.4-2 5.5 EFFECTS OF SANITARY AND OTHER WASTE DISCHARGES ER 5.5-1 5.6 EFFECTS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ER 5.6-1 5.7 OTHER EFFECTS ER 5.7-1 5.8 RESOURCES COMMITTED ER 5.8-1 5.8.1 RESOURCES COMMITTED DURING PLANT LIFETIME ER 5.8-1 ! 5.8.2 IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITTMENT OF RESOURCES ER 5.8-1 5.9 DECOMMISSIONING AND D1SMANTLlNG ER 5.9-1 [] (/ 6.0 EFFLUENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND MONITORING PROGRAMS + ER 6.1-1 ER iv
.l n
g ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page Number 6.1 PRE 0PERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS ER 6.1-1 6.1.1 SURFACE WATER ER 6.1-1 i
- _ 6.1.2 GROUNDWATER ER 6.1-25 6.1.3 AIR ER 6.1-26 6.1.4 LAND ER 6.1-28 6.1.5 PRE-0PERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM (RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY) ER 6.1-29 6.2 PROPOSED OPERATIONAL MONITORING ER 6.2-1 6.2.1 WATER QUALITY PROGRAM ER 6.2-1 6.2.2 CHEMICAL EFFLUENT MONITORING ER 6.2-6 6.2.3 THERMAL EFFLUENT MONITORING ER 6.2-7.
l 6.2.4 METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING ER 6.2-8 6.2.5 ECOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM ER 6.2-9 6.3 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT AND MONITOPING_ ER 6.3-1 PROGRAMS 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS ER 7.1-1 7.1 PLANT ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVITY ER 7.1-1 7.1.1 GENERAL ER 7.1 7.1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION ER 7.1-4 1 7.2 OTHER ACCIDENTS ER 7.2-1 ER v Revision 1
g ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page Number 8.0 ECONOMIC AND SOCI AL EFFECTS OF PLANT CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION ER 8.1-1 8.1 BENEFITS ER 8.1-1 8.1.1 TAX REVENUES ER 8.1-1 8.1.2 LOCAL PURCHASES -ER 8.1-2 8.1.3 EMPLOYMENT ER 8.1-2 8.1.4 RECREATION ER 8.1-3 8.1.5 FISH AND FISHERY RESOURCES ER 8.1-3 8.1.6 WATER SUPPLY ER 8.1-6 8.1.7 LAND USE ER.8.1-6 8.1.8 HEADWATER BENEFITS ER 8.1-7 8.1.9 WILDLIFE ER 8.1-8 8.1.10 NON-QUANTIFIABLE BENEFITS ER 8.1-8 8.2 COSTS ER 8.2-1 8.2.1 LAND USE ER 8.2-1 8.2.2 WILDLIFE ER 8.2-1 9.0 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND SITES ER 9.0-1 9.1 ALTERNATIVES NOT REQUIRING THE T.REATION OF NEW GENERATI NG CAPACITY ER 9.0 9.1.1 PURCHASED ENERGY ER 9.0 9.1.2 UPGRADING AN OLDER PLANT ER 9.0-1 9.1.3 BASE LOAD OPERATION OF AN EXISTING PEAKING FACILITY- ER 9.0-2 9.2 ALTERNATIVES REQUIRING THE CREATION OF NEW GENERATING CAPACITY ER 9.2-1 9.2.1 SELECTION OF CANDIDATE AREAS ER 9.2-1 , 9.2.2 SELECTION OF CANDIDATE SITE-PLANT ALTERNATIVES ER 9.2-1 O ER vi
p , ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
]
O' Section Page Number -
; 9.3 COST EFFECTIVENESS COMPARISON OF CANDIDATE SITE- -
PLANT ALTERNATIVES ER 9.3-1 9.3.1 McGUIRE PLANT-NUCLEAR VS C0AL ALTERNATIVE ER 9.3-1 l I 9.3.2 Ct,NC LUS I ONS ER 9 3-4 10.0 PLANT DESIGN ALTERNATIVES ER 10.1-1
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10.1. ALTERNATE COOLING SYSTEMS ER 10.1-i l 10.1.1 INITI AL DESIGN ALTERNATES ER 10.1-1 i 10.1.2 CONTINGENCY DESIGN ALTERNATES ER 10.1-4 , l 10.2 INTAKE SYSTEM ER 10.2-1 10.2.1 RANGE OF ALTERNATIVES ER 10.2-1 l 10.2.2 MONETIZED COSTS ER 10.2-3 > 10.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ER 10.2-3 i 10.
2.4 CONCLUSION
ER 10.2-5 10.3 DISCHARGE SYSTEM ER-10.3-1 10.3.1 RANGE OF ALTERNATIVES ER 10.3-1 10.3.2 MONETIZED COSTS ER 10.3-1 10.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ER 10.3-2 I 10.
3.4 CONCLUSION
ER 10.3-3 i 10.4 CHEMICAL WASTE TREATMENT ER 10.4-1 ; i 10.5 B10 CIDE TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES ER 10.5-1 10.6 SANITARY WASTE SYSTEM ER 10.6-1 j 10.7 LIQUID RADWASTE SYSTEMS ER 10.7-1 10.8 GASEOUS RADWASTE SYSTEMS ER 10.8-1 10.9 TRANSMISSION FACILITIES ER 10.9-1 l i 10.10 OTHER SYSTEMS ER 10.10-1 i 11.0
SUMMARY
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS ER 11.1-1 ER vii Revision'l-i L - m .
ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) f) (s_/ Section Page Number
11.1 INTRODUCTION
ER 11.1-1
SUMMARY
OF BENEFITS ER 11.1-1
-11.2 ,
SUMMARY
OF COST ER 11.1-1 11.3 ER 12.1-1 12.0 _ ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS AND CONSULTATIONS REGULATION AND COORDINATION WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ER 12.1-1 12.1 ER 12.1-1. 12.1.1 FEDERAL AGENCIES 12.1.2 STATE AGENCIES ER 12.1-2 12.1.3 LOCAL AGENCIES ER 12.1-5 APPENDICES lA Letter Regarding dedication ceremony, invitation to ceremony and newspaper clipping Estimation of Fish Standing Crop, Sport Harvest and (' i 2A Angler Use-for Lakes Mountain Island, Wylie and Norman, Duke Power Co. Projects, North and South Carolina by (R. M. Jenkins) 3A Results of Southeastern Cooperative Fish Disease Project inspection of Lake Norman Fishes 3 4A RP-49 5A Certifications, Permits and Agreements ATTACHMENTS: 1 (Section 4.2) Power Line Wildlife ER 4.2-1
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ER viii i
I f- g : ER TABLE OF CONTENTS j \ ,)
\
Section Page Number 1 l lNTRODUCTION ER l-1 1.0 PURPOSE OF PROPOSED FACILITY ER.I.1-1 l l 1.1 NEED FOR POWER ER 1.1-1 l 1.1.1 LOAD CHARACTERISTICS ER 1.1-1 1.1.2 POWER SUPPLY ER 1.1-1 , 1.1.3 CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS ER 1.1-2' l.2 OTHER OBJECTIVES ER 1.1-3 , 1.3 CONSEQUENCES OF DELAY ER 1.1-3 t V I v 1 ER l-i
LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title 1.1.1-1 Historical and Forecast Load Data 2l1.1.1-2 Duke System Energy Dispatch For Year 1979 l 1.1.2-1 Duke System Installed Capacity, Jan. 1, 1967 1.1.2-2 Duke System Capacity Additions: 1967-1975 1.1.2-3 Scheduled Duke System Capacity Additions: 1976-1984 5 1.1.2-4 Vacar Capacity Additions: 1969-1975 1.1.2-5 Scheduled Vacar Capacity Additions: 1976-1982 O, O . ER 1-il Revision 5
i l 1 1 1 l i l .; - N.1/ LIST OF FIGURES 1 Fiqure No. Title ; 2lERFigure1.1.1-1 Load Duration Curve For The Year 1979 .l' ! i' i 4 1 I i i i i O i l l I
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l O } ER l-111 Revision 2 1 I
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INTRODUCTION Duke Power has a long history of environmental concern and commitment. In 1923 the Company's first full-time Environmental Department was established, headed by a public health physician. Subsequently, additional groups of full- l time environmental specialists have been formed and are continuing to work
- towards assuring that the Piedmont Carolinas is indeed an attractive place to live.
The Company's commitment to environmental quality is for two fundamental. reasons. ; First, the type of environment directly affects the quality of life of the people ! who live in the Company's service area, and it is recognized that no electric utility can long succeed serving an area marred by blight. Secondly, man has , not yet devised a way to generate large quantities of electricity needed to meet the public demand without involving land, water and air resources. Yo minimize adverse impact on the environment and even to enhance the environment wherever possible has been a fundamental consideration in the Company's plan-ning of generation facilities for many years, in support of this objective, the Company has long engaged in environmental research and investigations. Currently under design is a Training and Technology Center which will consist of environmental laboratories and training facilities for nuclear power plant 2 Perators. Plans for the McGut re Nuclear Station on Lake Norman in Mecklenburg County have been supported by long-term environmental studies, as well as continuing pre-s- grams. For example, in 1957 limnological and water quality studies began as part of the design studies for Lake Norman, then in the planning stages; in 1961, more than fourteen years before the first generating unit at McGuire is scheduled for commercial service, plans for the McGuire cooling water intake structure and related thermal effects were coordinated with appropriate federal and state agencies; in 1962, consistent with this planning, the low-level cool - ing water intake structure to serve the future McGuire Station was completed and lies waiting on the bottom of Lake Norman; in 1963, Lake Norman filled and the Company's water quality monitoring and sampling program was expa,ded to include the lake waters, thus beginning the development of water quality para-meters serving as input to the detailed design of McGuire; and in 1967, after several years of coordination with the planning agencies of the three other counties neighboring on Lake Nornen, the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Commis-sion zoned the McGuire site appropriate to power plant use. From the environ-mental studies, it is concluded that McGuire Nuclear Station can be developed at its site; will be environmentally compatible in all significant respects; will fully comply with all current environmental quality standards of cognizant governmental regulatory agencies;.and any adverse environmental impact will.be minimal when compared to alternative means of ' generating the same electricity. McGuire's, power generation is essential to meet the area's needs of population growth coupled with the increase in the per capita use of energy as reflected
~in residential, commercial and industrial demands. Only with additional energy can there be gains in production, comfort, health care, education, communications, O,- the economic status of people in the area and even environmental quality. Failure to provide additional generating capacity when needed can have traumatic conse-quences on human.and environmental values.
ER l-1 Revision 2 a
i During the pre-operational and operational periods, environmental studies and monitoring programs associated with McGuire Nuclear Station will continue, if subtle adverse effects should be identified from these programs, timely correc-tive action will be taken as appropriate, 9 O l ER l-2
1.0 PURPOSE OF THE PROPOSED FACILITY Duke Power has undertaken to build McGuire Nuclear Station to provide an econo-i 2 l mical and reliable source of. base-load generation in 1978 and following years. l
- This Chapter demonstrates the need for the facility to meet the increasing demand for power in Duke's service map and also its importance to system reliability. '
l.1 NEED FOR POWER 1.1.1 LOAD CHARACTERISTICS i i Table 1.1.1-1 lists the actual territorial peak loads and annual energy require- ; 2 l ments for the Duke system from 1961 through 1974, and the forecast values from I i 1975 through 1984. Also tabulated are the corresponding values for the VACAR- l 5 l Subregion of the Southeastern Electric Reliability Council (SERC), beginning with 1964, the first year for which the figures are available. Table 1.1.1-1 also shows the interruptible loads which could be used to reduce , peak demand or energy requirements, and also the net purchases (sales) of energy ' to systems outside the designated territories. 2 Because 1979 is assumed to be the first full year of operation of McGuire Nuclear-Station,' a breakdown of the year 1979, by months, is also included on Table 1.1.1-1 for the Duke system. Figure 1.1.1-1 presents a projected load duration , curve for that year, showing the dispatch of the major generating units on the 5 Duke system. l , Referring to Figure 1.1.1-1, it is evident that both nuclear plants on the Duke system, Oconee and McGuire, will be operating essentially entirely in the , N 2 l base portion of the load duration curve. Without McGuire in 1979, the coal-fired l .! Belews Creek Station would be forced down into base load operation, and all units above Belews Creek Station would experience a significant increase in production, i 2 A substantially higher system production cost would result. A dispatch of all ' the generating units for the year 1979 is tabulated in Table 1.1.1-2. !
-(
Since March, 1973, all Duke Power advertising has been of an informational t (institutional) nature. This advertising has been directed toward Informing i customers about company activities which affect them--environmental protection, ! reasons for rate increases, energy conservation, the need for additional genera- , ting capability, etc. Public understanding of the company's efforts in these j areas is considered essential if the company is to carry out its responsibility q to provide reliable electric service to the area It serves. 3 It is difficult at this~ time to predict the long-range effects of energy conser- f vation. Although the immediate effect was a significant drop both in demand and i energy during the latter part of 1973 and first part of 1974, there is no'Indi- [ cation at present that the long range trend of. annual peak demands should be ! changed materially from that which has been experienced to date. One factor, not, recognized by the growth trend, is the recent rapid increase in fossil fuel {
. costs which may make electric home heating far more attractive for the average {
home owner than it has been in the past. } j 1.1.2 POWER SUPPLY l The installed generating capacity as of January 1, 1967 is listed by~ units.in
- p- 1 Table 1.1.2-1. The total installed capability at that time was 4,568 MW, to l3 l
(-} which 201 MW of purchased capacity and 90 MW of system capacity were added, giving a total system i l. ER 1.1-1 Revision 5 ! c l
capability of 4,859.6 IN to carry the actual system peak that year of 4,579.5 Q MW. The reserve margin for that peak was 6.12 percent. 23 Tables 1.1.2-2 and 1.1.2-3 show historical peak loads and installed Duke system 5 capability from 1067 through 1975, and forecast peak loads and scheduled capacity from 1976 through 1984, respectively. Similar tabulations for the VACAR Subregion of SERC are found in Tables 1.1,2-4 and 1.1.2-5, beginning with the year 1969. The total installed capacity on the systems comprising the VACAR Subregion in 1969 is summarized as follows: O l I ER 1.1-la Revision 5
1 Mh! U 3,076 9 CP&L Co 5,623.6 DPCo q ! 1,439.0 SCESG Co 4 l 1 414.0 SCPS Authority 505.0 SEP Administration 4,913.4 VEPC0 203.0 Yadkin Inc i 16,174.8 Total Individual units are not listed because of the great number of small units among i the various companies. 1.1.3 CAPACITY REQUIREME JTS I in making a load forecast, two trends are included: that of the base portion of the load, and that of the temperature responsive component of load. The base load portion of the forecast is trended from historical base loads determined by correlating daily peak loads with temperature variables as expressed in the , equation i y = a + bxj , where: y = system load at 4 P.M. EST , a = base load -t xi = 12 noon to 4 P.M. cumulative degree hours (base 670F). ( Summer loads used for correlation were those observed on Mondays through Thursdays 2 for the months of June, July, and August, excluding specific days such as July 4 q and industrial vacations, during the years 1962-1972. 30 The trends of the two expressions in the above equation, the base load component - k(a), and the temperature sensitive component (bxj), are determined independently, e and the sum of the two components establishes the forecast. The forecast is based I on "most probable" weather conditions at the time of the peak; that is, an equal probability of the temperature being greater or less.than assumed, based on 20 years' history. The most probable temperature at the time of the summer peak , has.been determined to be 950F, and the extreme which might be experienced under ; unusual conditions to be 1040F. A similar procedure is followed in developing. l a winter peak forecast, using winter parameters rather than summer. The most . probable temperature at the time of the winter peak is 190F, with an extreme of 50F. Tabulated below are the base loads and temperature sensitive components of the peaks for the years 1973 and 1974 and the projected values through 1984, based i on peaks occurring at the most. probable temperature: i ER 1.1-2 Revision 2
Temperature Sensitive Year Base Load Component Summer Peak 1973 5 781 MW 2 512 MW 8 293 MW Actual 1974 5 838 2 412 8 250 2 Forecast 1975 5 964 2 669 8 633 0 1976 6 790 2 931 9 721 30 1977 7 314 3 198 to 512 1978 7 872 3 469 11 341 1979 8 466 3 743 12 209 1980 9 099 4 020 13 119 1981 9 774 4 299 14 073 1982 10 493 4 581 15 074 1983 11 260 4 864 16 124 1984 12 077 5 149 17 226 It is evident that the Duke system has a large block of load which is highly responsive to the temperature during the peak periods of the year. Since peak load forecasts are based on the "most probable" temperature at the time of peak, planned reserve capacity must include the possibility of extreme temperatures, as well as the probability of unit outages and forecast error. In addition, experience has shown that at any given time a certain portion of the total generating capacity will be out of service due to reductions in unit capacity caused by outages of pumps, fans, mills, etc. All of these factors combine to establish what is considered a necessary minimum reserve requirement. This is illustrated in the following: Determination of Minimum Reserves- 1978 l Forecast 1978 summer peak 10 949 MW Add for extreme temperatures 531 Possible 1978 summer peak 11 480 MW Total capability 13 623 M'/ 5 Less largest unit on system -1 180 Less miscellaneous outages - 600 Q Firm system capability 11 843 MW 4 Reserve remaining for forecast error 363 MW Minimum desirable reserve: 531 + 1180 + 600 = 21.11 Percent 10 949 When nuclear units constitute a significant part of the total system capability, nuclear unit refueling will be included in the computation of reserve require-ments, and the percentage minimum reserves will increase. The relationship between the peak loads and installed capacity on the Duke system is illustrated in Tables 1.1.2-2 and 1.1.2-3 It is evident that the ER 1.1-2a Revision 5 i i l
reserve margins since 1967 have been extremely low, and that the capacity O scheduled for the foreseeable future is intended to raise reserve margins to more acceptable levels. Similarly, Tables 1.1.2-4 and .1.1.2-5 show the relation-ships between peak loads and installed capacity in the VACAR region of SERC. It is evident in this tabulation, also, that reserves in the 1969-1973 period are low, and that scheduled future capacity additions are Intended to raise the reserve margins. Under the concept of SERC, however, minimum reserve require-ments are established within the companies comprising SERC, and not by that organization itself, so that Tables 1.1.2-4 and 1.1.2-5 do not reflect a specific reserve policy of SERC, but rather a summation of the requirements of the component systems. Neglecting the 842 MW of conventional hydro capacity which is limited by stream-2 flow to an annual production of approximately 1600 GWH, the lowest cost energy produced on the Duke system at the time McGuire I and 2 come on line will come , f rom the Oconee Nuclear Station. The average cost of the energy from the three Oconee units is calculated to be 3.70 mills per kWH, compared with the energy from the McGuire units which is anticipated to cost 4.55 mills per kWH. The 5 next lowest cost energy is anticipated to be from the coal-fired Belews Creek station at approximately 10.74 mills per KWH. Q , 31 There are two reasons for the lower production cost for energy from Oconee. The first is the immature forced outage rate of the McGuire units of 12.60% compared ! 2 with the mature forced outage rate of the Oconee units of 8.20%. The second is the cost of the nuclear fuel for McGuire purchased under a differe.nt contract i from that at Oconee. The fuel contract at McGuire reflects the impact of in-flation and other forces in the market which prohibit purchasing nuclear fuel ; at the same contract price as that at Oconee. The annual output of the 2613 MW \ 5 Oconee Station is anticipated to be 18,270 9 GWH, compared with 13,903.9 GWH of the 2360 MW McGuire Station. 1.2 OTHER OBJECTIVES There are no objectives other than the generation of economic electric energy in the McGuire project. 13 CONSEQUENCES OF DELAY Delay of McGuire No. I unit beyond the 1978 summer peak period would reduce the Duke system reserves at the time from 24.4% to approximately 13.6% and incur a i production cost penalty for the year 1978 of about 57 million. Reserve in the VACAR Subregion of SEP.C. currently scheduled to be 6249 MW., 19.6% would be re-
'5 duced to 5069 MW, or about 15.9%. Hence, capacity would be below an acceptable value not only on the Duke system but also within the entire VACAR Subregion of SERC. Similarly, if both McGuire units were delayed until the end of 1979, the Q Duke system reserves would drop to 679 MW, 5.8%, from the scheduled 3039 MW, and 33 I the production cost penalty to Duke in 1979 would amount to 122 million. Reserves. :
in the VACAR Subregion of SERC would amount to only 3320 MW, 9.6%, under these conditions. It would not be feasible, therefore, to delay the McGuire units ' on the premise that the required capacity could be obtained from other members 2 of VACAR; and the very high production cost penalty incurred by Duke, in addition, ; renders such an alternative unacceptable. O ER 1.1-3 Revision 5 i
2 If the assumptions were made that there would be no load growth after 1975, but that the McGuire units were placed in service as scheduled, there would be a saving in production cost in 1979 of approximately $77 million. This significant saving in production cost stems from the 12,029,800 kWH which q would be produced by the McGuire plant, replacing energy from coal-fired units. The production costs with and without McGuire are as follows: 33 Total Production Fuel Total 0&M Total Energy Station GWH Mills /kWH $1000 $1000 Mills /kWH 1979 With McGuire in Service McGuire 12,029.8 3.84 10,438.0 56,664.2 4.71 5 Allen 246.3 14.59 8,334.0 11,938.8 48.47 cliffside 2,309.4 12.95 5,103.9 35,018.5 15.16 Marshall 7,334.8 13.35 8,824.2 106,718.5 14.55 Total System 50,307.1 404,302.5 8.04 ; l 1979 Without McGuire in Service l Allen 1,970.5 14.27 8,344.0 36,468.0 18.51 l cliffside 3,691.1 12 51 5,103 9 51,274.2 13.89 i Marshall 10,363.7 13 00 8,824.2 143,547.6 13.85 Total System 50,307.1 481,795.9 9.58 I l i ER 1.1-4 Revision 5
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P ER TABLE 1.1.1-2 Duke System Energy Dispatch for the Year 1979 Unit Unit Capacity Energy Plant Unit MW _ GWh Allen 1 165 215.4 2 165 166.0 3 265 606.9 4 265 578.9 5 280 581.7 Belews Creek 1 1 060 6 382.4 2 1 060 7 275.9 Buck 3 70 7.6 4 38 5.2 5 128 149.4 6 128 136.2 Cliffside 1 38 6.1 2 38 4.8 3 61 9.7
SUMMARY
4 61 10 7 5 572 3 500.2 Nuclear Energy 32 174.7 GWh Dan River 1 71 16.3 Conventional Steam 30 581 7 2 71 13.4 Hydro and Purchase 1 087 3 3 142 123.4 Lee 1 84 41 3 Total input 63 843 7 2 84 36.3 -Pumped Hydro Losses 313 7 3 155 200.4 Marshall 1 385 2 089.1 Net Load Requirements 63 530.0 2 380 2 036.9 3 550 3 083.2 4 550 3 051.8 Riverbend 4 94 35.6 5 94 34.I 6 133 97.1 7 133 85.7 Total Conventional Steam 30 581.7 McGuire 1 1 180 6 966.8 2 1 180 6 937.1 Oconee 1 871 6 119.3 2 871 6 085.7 3 871 6 065.8 Total Nuclear 32 174.7 Revision 5 Entire Page Revised 1
ER TABLE 1.1.2-1 DUKE SYSTEM INSTALLED CAPACITY, -JAN~ 1,1967 MW TYPE MW TOTAL PLANT STATION UNIT NO. OF UNIT CAPACITY CAPABILITY
- Allen 1 F 165 2 F 165 3 F 265 4 F 265 5 F 280 1140 Buck 1 F 31 2 F 31 3 F 70 4 F 38 5 F 128 6 F -128 426 Cliffside 1 F .38 2 F 38 3 F 61 4 F 61 198 Dan River 1 F 71 2 F 71 3 F 142 284 Lee 1 F 84 2 F 84 3 F 155 323-Marshall 1 F 385 2 F 380 765 Riverbend 1 F 52 2 F 52 0s 3 4
F F 52 94 5 F 94 6 F 133 7 F 133 610 i Tiger 1 F- 14.3 l 14.3 28.6
~
2 F Buzzards Roost 4 F 5.7 ' 5 F 10.4 16.1 Bridgewater 1-2 H. 9.3 18.6 l Rhodhiss 1-2-3 11 9.1 27.3 l 0xford 1-2 11 18.7 37.4 ! Lookout Shoals 1-2-3 11 7.2 21.5' l Cowans Ford 1-3 11 90.0 270.0 : Mountain Island 1 thru 4 H 13.75 55.0 - Wylie 1 thru 4 H 13.5 -54.0 Fishing Creek 1 thru 5 H 8.4 42.2 j Great Falls 1 thru 8 H 3.1 24.8 ; Dearborn 1-2-3 H 11.9 35.6 j Rocky Creek. I thru 8- H 3.3 27.0 ' Cedar Creek 1-2-3 H 13.2 39.5 l Wateree 1 thru 5 H 14.3 71.5 l 99 1slands 1 thru 6 H 3.2 . 19.0 '! Gaston Shoals 2 thru 6 H l'. 6 8.0- i .g Turner Shoals 1-2 H 2.7 5.5 , Tuxedo 1-2 ~H 2.7 5.4 , Buzzards Roost- 1-2-3 H 4.4 13.2 ! Miscellaneous Small Plants H- 2.4 , Total Capacity Installed January 1, 1967 4568.6
ER TABLE 1.1.2-2 DtTE STSTEM CAPACITY ADDITIDMS: 1967-1975 W W W CAPACITY AT N TYPE F1MCTION INSTALLED TOTAL W STAl!T CAPACITY OF OP CAPACITY N CAPABILITY PEAK W PERCENT CAPACITY ADDITION < OF YEAR ADDED CAPACITY CAPACITY AT PEAK Pl?OiASES AT PEAK LOAD REFERVE RESERW 1261 Cowans Ford 4 4 568.6 90 M Peak 4 658.6 201 4 859.6 4 579.5 280.1 6.12 1218 Lee AC 4 658.6 30 CT Peak 3C 30 CT Peak 6C 30 Cr Peak Dan River 4C 30 CT Peak 5c 30 CT Peak 4 808.6 845 5 653.6 5 364.2 289.4 5.40 122.2 Riverbend 8C 4 808.6 30 Comb.-cycle Intermed. 9C 30 Comb.-cycle Intermed. 10C 30 Comb.-cycle Intermed. 11C 30 Comb.-cycle Intermed. Onn River 6C 25 CT Peak Marshall 3 610 F Base l'rquha r t 3C 15 CT Peak 4C 25 CT Peak 5 623.6 598 6 221.6 5 613.6 608.0 10.83 1.9.20 suck 7C 5 623.6 31 Comb.-cycle Intermed. 8C 31 Com b. -c yc l e Intermed. 9C 31 Comb. -c yc l e Intermed. Dan River 7D 3. 5 Diesel Peak BD 3.5 Diesel Peak 90 3.5 Diesel Peak 100 3.5 Diesel Peak Marshall 4 6 30 F Base 6 360.6 443 6 803.6 6 283.9 519.7 8.27 1211 Burnaron Roost 6-9 6 360.6 88 CT Peak 10-15 138 CT Peak Creenwood 32 F(Oil) Intermed. Keowee 1-2 160 H Peak 6 728.6 389 7 117.6 6 622.1 495.5 7.48 12.11 Cliffside 5 6 728.6 572 F Base 7 300.6 676 7 976.6 7 449.5 527.1 7.08 1211 oconee 1 7 300.6 871 N Bass 8 171.6 813 8 984.6 8 235.6 749.0 9.09 121$ Oconee 2 8 171.6 871 N Base Belews creek 1 1 060 F Base Jocessee 1-2 305 PS Feak Hydro adjustment I' (165.9) H Peak Re t i re. men t sI2) (105.7) Misc. Peak 10 136 293 10 429 8 057.6 2 371.4 29.43 1221 Oconee 3 to 136 871 N Base Jocessee 3-4 305 PS Peak Retirements (3) (91) Misc. Peak 11 221 169 11 390 8 422.0 2 %8.0 35.24 KDTES: 1) Hydro adjustment is reduction in firu Catawba River hydro capability resulting from constraints on drawdown and water release.
- 2) Retirements in 1974: Tiger steass station (28.6 W )
Burrards Roost steam station (16.1 W ) Buck steam station botters 1-4 (31.0 W) Lee Comb.tstion Turbine 4C (30.0 W) Revision 5
- 3) Retirements in 1975: Creenwood steam station (32.0 W ) Entire Page Revised Riverbend steam station boilers 5-6 (52.0 W )
Dan River diesel units (7.0 N ) O O O
I e 9
~
G 1 ER TABLE 1.1 2-3: SCHEDULEED DUKE SYSTEM CAPACITY ADDITION $ 1976-1964 W CAPACITY W CAPACITY TYPE OF FUNCTION OF W INSTALLED W W TOTAL W W PERCENT
- CAPACITY ADDITIONS PREVIOUS PEAK' ADDED CAPACITY CAPACITY CAPACITY AT PEAK PiltCHASES CAPABILITT AT PEAK FEAK IIWLD RESERYE RESERVE 1976' selews Creek 2 11 221 ~1 060 F Base Retirements (7) Diesel Peak 12 274 169 12 443 9 263 3 180 34.33 111.I '
isone 12 276 -- -- -- 12 274 169 12 443 10 041 2 402 23.92 1978
~McGuire 1 12 274 1 180 .N anse . s .% 169 13 623 10 949 2 674 24.42 1.?.!1 McCutre 2 13 454 1 180 N Base 14 634 169 14 803 11 764 3 039 25.83 1980
-None 14 634 . - - -- --
14 634 148 14 782 12 615 2 167 17.18 i i l 1981 !
~ Catawba 1 14 634 1 153 N Base 15 787 148 15 935 13 504 2 431 18.00 l 1985 I catawba 2 15 787 1 153 N Base 16 940 148' 17 088 14 431 2 657 ~ 19.68 1 19.01 None 16 940 -- -- --
16 940 148 17 088 15 399 I 689. 10.97 1984 7 81-1 16 9'0 4 1 280 N Base 18 220 148 18 368 16 411' 1 957 .11.92 i
-l 1
Revision 5 Entire Page Revised l
,4
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'1 ER TAB 12 1.1.2-4 : CAPACITY ADDITIONS 1 % 4-1975 Mw W W CAPACITT N TI'NCT It'R INSTALLED TOTAL N E REVIOt?S CAPA"ITT 1rPE OF OF SYMEM CAPACITY W CAPABILITY FEAK W PERet3T
_CAPACM ADDITION! PrAK ADDED G P% CITY CAP 4rITT WNER SHIP AT PEAK Pl?QASE S . AT Pt AK
.I3I.I LOAD }$57R RE5EtrE Trom MCAR Data 15 303.8 Mereha?! 3 630 F Rs** OtTE Riverbend BC^11C 120 Comb. -cyc le Intermed. IMT E 1*rquhart 3C-4C 60 CT Peak Dt'E E Dag Itlcer 60 25 G Peak DtKE Colt 1-2 40 CT Peak scrE t'rquhart 2 16 CT Peak 16 174.8 SCE&c 488 16 662.4 15 423.8 1 239.0 8.03 1Q 70 Weathernpoon 1-2 16 174.8 69 CT Peak CPbL Marshall a 6 30 P Ba se DtTE Suth 70 '*C 91 Omb. -cyc le Intermed. DLT E tatt River 7D-103 14 Diesel Peak DIT.E rretuhar t 1 20 CT Peak SCEW
- Pa r t 1-2 32 C Peak scEg Jef f ries 3-4 320 F Base SCPSA Port smouth 9-10 48.2 cf Peak VEPCO surry 41.1 CT Peak VEPCO 17 642.3 368 17 810.3
- 16 888.8 921.5 5.46 1971 Robinson 2 17 442.3 665 N Base CT&L Weatherspoon 3-4 69 CT Peak CP&L A*beville 2 194 F Intermed. CP&L Lee 2 -6 76 CT Peak CPhL Blewett 1 -4 52 CT Peak CP&L creenwood 32 Picil) Intermed. Dl%-E Yeewee la0 H Peak DITE Bureards Rocat 6C-15C 196 CT Pe ak Dt'KE waterce 1 385 r Base SCEE Part 3 -4 38 Cf Peak SCEW Saluda 3 64 H Intermed. SCFE Kitty Hawk 1-2 49 CT Peak V EPCO Northern Meck 1-4 70.1 CT Peak VEPC1) lewmon r 14 69.7 CT Peak YEPCO 19 542.1 293 19 835.1 17 859.5 t 9 75.6 11.06 1972 se t ton 3 19 542.1 351 F sa me CP6L Citif stde 5 572 F Base DCKE Waterce 2 185 F Base SCEw Bushy Park 1-2 60 CT Peak sCEsc Myrtle seach t.0 (T Peak SCPSA
%rry 1 788 W Rase VEPCU ?! 738.1 631 22 359.1 20 M5.3 2 023.8 9.95 1973 sombero 3 21 733.1 6?a F Base CP6L oronee 1 8 71 N Base IMT E Williams 1 600 F(cil) Base SCEE U11 ton Head 1 20 CT Peak SCPSA
%rry 2 788 M Ba se VEPCO Mt . storm 3 %0 F Base VEPCO Retirements (28) r Intermed. VEPCO 25 173.1 537 25 710.1 22 617.6 3 092.5 13.67 1974 Darlinatan 25 173.1 468 Cr Peak CP6L Jocassee 1-2 305 P.S. Peak atTE F.e lews Creek 1 1 060 F Base DLTE Hvdm ad lostment (165.9) H Peak DtTE Retiremente (105.7) MLac. Peak Dt1CE Ad just . In c.apacity (146.0) Misc. Peak $CE6G MLiton Head 2 20 (T Peak SCPSA Myrt le Beach 17.5 (T Peak SCPSA Yorktown 3 BIS Ff0L1) Base VEPCO 27 444.0 328 27 772.0 22 517.0 - 5 255.0 23. M 1975 7 arlington 17 4AA.0 1% CT Peak CP6L Brunswick 2 821 M Ba se CP&L Oconee 2-3 1 74 2 N Base DLTE Jocassee 3-4 305 P. S. Peak Ut%E Retirements (91) Mi sc . Peak DtTE Cecrge town 1 280 F Rose SCPSA Wrtle Mach 28 cr Peak SCPSA Poe,m Point 845 F(OLI) naae VEPCo 31 678.0 328 31 Bob 23 662.0 8 144.0 %.42 Revision 5 Ent ire Page pect s.d O O O
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3 I-I' i 2 ER TABLE 1.1.2-5: SCHEDULED VACAR CAPACITY ADDITIONS 1976-1982 I e-I W W TOTAL 4: W CAPACITY W CAPACITY' TYPE OF FISCTION OF SYSTEM W INSTALLED MW CAPABILITY W- W PERCENT r . CAPACITY ADDITICNS PREVIOUS PEAK ADDCD CAPACITY CAPACITY QWNERSHf' CAPACITY AT PEAK AT PEAK. PURCHASES PEAK LOAD RESERVE RESERVE I 4 ' 1976 . 4' Bnnswick 1 31 478 '820 N Base CP&L . Belevs Creek 2 1 060 F Base DLTE j i Retirements (7) Diesel Peak DUKE 33 351 328 33 679 26 715 6 964 1 26.07 -l 1977
~-
1 5 Roxboro 3 increase 33 351 70 P Base CP&L I Sutton 3 increase 69 F(011) Base CP&L ! . Fairfield County 240 PS Peak SCE6C 1 Georgetown 2 280 F Base SCPSA North Anna 934 N Base VEPCO 34 944 328 35 272 29 377 5 895 20.07 d 1975
~Roxboro 4 34 944 720 F Base CP&L Md;uire 1 1 180 N Base DLTE Fairfield County 240 PS Peak SCE6C {
6 North Anna 9 34 N Base VEPQ) 3 Retirements (263) Misc. Peak 37 755 328 38 083- 31 834 6 249 19.63 ! , 1979 ~ ! Mccuire 2 37 755 1 180 N Base DUKE f e V. C. Summer 1 900 N Base SCE6C Retirements (90) Misc. Peak 39 745 403 40 148 34 468 5 680 l 1 16.48 , I M ! Georgetown 3 39 745 280 F Base SCPSA i l North Anna 938 N Base VEPCO l Retirements (104) Misc. Peak 40 859 303 41 162 - 37 247 3 915 10.51 i i 1981 ! 7 arris 1 40 859 MX) i' N Base CP&L l Catawba 1 1 153 N Base DL1tE i Unspecified 130 CT. Peak SCPSA i j North Anna 938 N Base VEPCO i Bath County . 1 500 PS Peak VEPQ)
}
Retirements (101) Misc. Peak ' 45 379 303 45 682 40 216 5 466 13.59 'l . 1982 ' 7 arris 2 45 379 .-900 N Base CP&L Catawba 2 1 153 N Base DUKE tmspecified 770 CT ' Peak SCPSA e R. B. Russell 150 H Pea k -- SEPA ' Bath 0)unty 600 PS Peak VEPCO - Retirements f (421) . Misc.. Misc. 48 031 303 48 334 43 390 4 944 11.39 I i
-{
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Revision 5 9 ' Entire Page Revised i _I t r
- I
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ER FIGURE 1.1.1-1 LDAD DURATION C1'R\" FOR THE YEAR 1979 Peak MW Demand: 11,371 W Energy: 63,530,000 wtf t ! >
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1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 HOL RS WHf.N 1AAD IS EQUALLED OR EX(EEDED O F.evision 5
ER TABLE OF CONTENTS i Section Page Number , i ER 2.0-1 [} V 2.0 THE SITE 2.1 SITE LOCATION AND LAYOUT ER 2.1-1 2.2 REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHY. LAND AND WATER USE ER 2.2-1 - I 2.2.1 DEMOGRAPHY ER 2.2-1 2.2.1.1 Permanent Populatton ER'2.2-1 2.2.1.2 Transient Population ER 2.2-1 2.2.2 LAND USE ER 2.2-( 2.2.2.1 Ag ricultu re ER 2.2-1 < 2.2.2.2 Transportation and Indust ry ER 2.2-2 2.2.2.3 Wildlife Preserves ER 2.2-2 2.2.2.4 Zoning ER 2.2-2 2.2.2.5 Water Use ER 2.2-2 > 2.3 REGIONAL HISTORIC. SCENIC. CULTURAL AND. .-- , NATURAL LANDMARKS ER 2.3-1 - 2.3.1 HISTORIC ER 2.3-1 ; 2.3.2 SCENIC ER 2.3-1 , 2.3.3 CULTURAL ER 2.3-1 - l 2.3.4 NATURAL LANDMARKS ER 2.3-2' 2.3.4.1 Transmission Lines ER 2.3-2 -; 2.4 GEOLOGY ER 2.4-1 ' 2.5 HYDROLOGY ER 2.5-1 2.5.1 SURFACE WATER ER 2.5-1 I 2.5.2 GROUNDWATER ER 2.5-1 2.5.3 LAKE NORMAN ER 2.5-3 2.5.3.1 Tributaries of Lake Nonnan Vatershed ER 2.5-3
~
2.5.3.2 Lake Norman - Physical Description ER 2.5-3 2.5.3.3 Lake Norman Physico - Chemical Description ER 2.5-4
/ \
!%~'l ER 2-1 , s 5
r ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continusd) Section Pace Number 2.6 METEOROLOGY ER 2.6-1 2.7 ECOLOGY ER 2.7-l 2.7.1 TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA ER 2.7-1 2.7.2 PHYTOPLANKTON ER 2.7-4 2.7.2.1 Phytoplankton Species of Lake Norman ER 2.7-4 2.7.2.2 Important Phytoplankton Species ER 2.7-4 2.7.2.3 Phytoplankton Species Environment Relationships ER 2.7-4 2.7.2.4 Pre-existing Environmental Stresses-Phytoplankton ER 2.7-6 2.7.2.5 Related Site Research ER 2.7-6 2.7.3 ZOOPLANKTON ER 2.7-9 2.7.3.1 Zooplankton Species of Lake Norman ER 2.7-9 2.7.3.2 Important Zooplankton Species ER 2.7-10 2.7.3.3 Zooplankton Species Environment Relationships ER 2.7-10 2.7.3.4 Pre-existing Environmental Stress - Zooplankton ER 2.7-11 , 2.7.3.5 Related Site Research ER 2.7-11 2.7.4 PERIPHYTON ER 2.7-14 2.7.4-1 Periphyton Annual Cycle of Lake Norman ER 2.7-14 2.7.4-2 Perlohvton Environment Relationships ER 2.7-15 2.7.4-3 Pre-existing Environment Stress - Periphyton ER 2.7-16 l I 2.7.4.4 Related Site Research ER 2.7-17 2.7.5 BENTH05 ER 2.7-20 2.7.5.1 Benthic Species of Lake Notman ER 2.7-20 2.7.5.2 Important Benthic Species ER 2.7-20b 2 l i 2.7.5.3 Species-Environment Relationships ER 2.7-20b 2.7.5.4 Life Histories of important Benthic Species ER 2.7-21 1 l ER 2-11
)
.~
a ER TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continutd) Section Page Number : () 2.7.5.5 Ecoloalcal Succession ER 2.7-26 2.7.5.6 Pre-Existina St resses ER 2.7-26 2.7.5.7 Related Site Research, ER 2.7-27 t 2.7.6 FISH ER 2.7-32 2.7.6.1 Fish Species of Lake Norman ER 2.7-32 ER 2.7-32 2.7.6.2 Important Fish Species 2.7.6.3 Fish Species Environment Relationships ER 2.7-32 [ 2.7.6.3.1 Ecological Succession ER 2.7-38 2.7.6.4 Pre-Existing Stress On Fish ER 2.7-39 2.7.6.5 Related Site Research ER 2.7-41 2.7.7 PRE-EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ER 2.7-48 2.7.7.1 ' Shoreline Development ER 2.7-48 2.7.7.2 Coll form Bacteria ER 2.7-49 , 2.7.7.3 Harshali Steam Station - Condenser Discharge ER 2.7-49 2.7.7.4 Marshall Steam Station - Ash Basin Discharge ER 2.7-50 2.7.7.5 Tu rbi di ty ER 2.7-50
2.8 BACKGROUND
RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ER 2.8-1 2.8.1 VARIATIONS IN BACKGROUND ER 2.8-1 2.9 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES ER 2.9-1 a l l
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ER 2-ili ;
LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title 2.2.1-1 Population Distribution by Sector O 2.2.1-2 Estimated Population Distribution for 1980 1 2.2.2-1 Industries Within 10 Miles 2.2.2-2 Domestic Water Supplies 2.5.2-1 Results of Physical and Chemical Tests on Groundwater 2.5.2-2 Well - Survey Data 2.5.3-1 Tributaries To Lake Norman 2.5 3-2 Lake Norman Water Chemistry Data, August, September, October, November, December 1973, January, February, 1974 2.5.3-3 Lake Norman Chemistry Data Stations 109.0, 113.4, 126.0, 1962-1973 2.5.3-4 State Standards for A 11 Water and Lake Norman Water Chemistry Data 8,9,10/73 Averages 2.5.3-5 Rules, Regulations, Classifications and Water Quality Standards of North Carolina 2.5 3-6 Surface Water Criteria for Pubile Water Supplies 2.5 3-7 Weekly Water Quality Profile ll, 12/73, I r, 2/74 2.6.0-1 McGuire Nuclear Station Vicinity Climotology 2.6.0-2 Meteorological Observations 2.6.0-3 Diffusion Factors for Accident and Routine Releases 2.7.1-1 Flora Communities Found in The Lake Norman Area 2.7.1-2 Mammalian Species Probably Found in The Lake Norman Area 2 7 1-3 Bird Species Probably Found in The Lake Norman Area l 2.7.1-4 Reptilian Species Probably Found in The Lake Norman Area 2.7.1-5 Amphibian Species Probably Found in The Lake Norman Area i 2.7.1-6 Areas Occupies by Plant Communities Present on The McGuire 2 Site in 1963 (Pre-Construction) and 1974 (Current, Post-Construction) G: ER 2-iv Revision 2 i l l
LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title O (/ 2.7.2-1 Phytoplankton Species. Listed for Lake Norman 2.7 2-2 Raw Phytoplankton Data Collected From Lake Norman 9/73 2 7 2-3 Chlorophyll A Concentrations (ug/1) At Discrete Depths in Lake Norman 7/73-2/74 2.7 2-4 Chlorophyll A Concentrations (ug/1) in Euphotic Zone Of Lake Norman 7/73-2/74 2 7 2-5 Vertical Distribution of Lake Norman Phytoplankton At Stations 1,4, and 8 in March. May August, and November, # 2 1974 (Mean Units */ml and X 104 d/mi 2 7 2-6 Mean Class Abundances (Units /ml') and Blovolumes (x 100 p/ml) of Lake Norman Euphotic zone Phytoplankton by Sampling Station in March, Haf, August, and November, 1974 7 2.7 3-1 Zooplankton Taxa Of Lake Norman 2 l 2.7 3-I A Zooplankton Taxa Of Lake Norman Through December 23, 1974 l 2.7.3-2 Zooplankton Vertical Distribution Through Euphotic Zone 2.7.3-3 Zooplankton Vertical Distribution Through Euphotic Zone r 9/25/73 (]'/ 2.7.3-4 Standing Crop Of Zooplankton in The Euphotic Zone 9/24/73 2.7 3-5 Standing Crop Of Zooplankton Between The Bottom And Surface Of Lake Norman 9/24/73 2 7.4-1 McGuire Periphyton Study - Raw Data
- 2 7 5-1 Checklist of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Taxa, Collected By Applicant Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall '73 2.7.5-2 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrate From Lake Norman 1/73 ,
2.7.5-3 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrate From Lake Norman 4/73, Dredge Samples 2.7 5-4 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 7/73. Dredge Samples 2.7.5-5 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman ' 10/73, Dredge Samples i 1 V[ ER 2-v Revision 2 Carry Over l l
LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title 2.7.5-6 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 2/73, Sweep Net Samples 2.7.5-7 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 4/73, Sweep Net Samples 2.7.5-8 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 7/73, Sweep Net Samples 2.7.5-9 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 10/73, Sweep Net Samples 2 7.5-10 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 2/73, Hester Dendy 2.7.5-11 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 4/73, Hester Dendy 2.7.5-12 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 7/73, Hester Dendy 2.7.5-13 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman 10/73, Hester Dendy 2.7.5-14 Lake Norman Benthic Sampling Station Data Winter '73 2.7.5-15 Lake Norman Benthic Sampling Station Data Spring '73 2.7.5-16 Lake Norman Benthic Sampling Station Data Summer '73 2.7.5-17 Lake Norman Benthic Sampling Station Data Fall '73 2.7 5-18 Summary Data-Lake Norman Benthic Sampling Winter '73 2 7 5-19 Summary Data-Lake Norman Eenthic Sampling Spring '73 2.7.5-20 Summary Data-Lake Norman Benthic Sampling Summer '73 2.7.5-21 Summary Data-Lake Norman Benthic Sampling Fall '73 2.7.5-22 Checklist Of Benthic Invertebrate Fauna Found in-The 1968-1971 Benthic Samples From Lake Norman; North Carolina 2.7.5 Actual Numbers Of Organisms Collected With Modified 2 Peterson Grab At Lake Norman Stations in January, 1974 2.7.5-24 Actual Numbers Of Organisms Collected By Two-Minute Sweep Netting At Lake Norman Stations in Jarsuary, 1974 ER 2-vi Revision 2 9 Carry Over
LIST OF TABLES ] i Table No. Title
.2.7.5-25 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected On Hester-Dendy Artificial Substrates At Lake Norman Stations 2.7.5-26 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected With Modified ;
Petersen Grab At Lake Norman Stations in March,1974 , 2.7.5-27 Actual Numbers of Organism Collected By Two-Minute Sweep i Netting At Lake Norman Stations in March, 1974 2 7 5-28 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected On Dester-Dendy Artificial Substrates at Lake Norman Stations in March, 1974 t 2.7 5-29 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected With Modified Petersen Grab At Lake Norman Stations in April, 1974 2.7 5-30 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected By Two-Minute Sweep Netting At Lake Norman Stations In April, 1974 2.7 5-31 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected With Modified Petersen Grab At Lake Norman Stations in May, 1974 i 2.7.5-32 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected By Two-Minute Sweep Netting At Lake Norman Stations in May, 1974 2.7-.5-33 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected On Hester-Dendy Artificial Substrates At Lake Norman Stations in May, 1974 ; o f
\ 2.7.5-34 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected With Modified Petersen Grab At Lake Norman Stations in June, 1974 Actual Numbers of Organisms Collected By Two-Minute Sweep I 2.7 5-35 Netting At Lake Norman Stations in June, 1974 j 2.7 5-36 Results of Benthos Samples, Lake Norman, N. C., January, 1974 r
Results of Benthos Samples, Lake Norman, N. C., March, 2 7 5-37 1974 2.7 5-38 Results of Benthos Samples, Lake Norman, N. C., April, ! 1974 ; 2.7.5-39 Results of Benthos Samples, Lake Norman, N. C., May, 1974 - 2.7.5-40 Results of Benthos Samples, Lake Norman, N. C., June, 1974 2.7.5-41 Mean Density'And Biomass, By Depth, For 1974 Benthos ! Samples On Lake Norman, N. C., Using Petersen Grab. Top i Number is Density (No./m2 , + 1 S.D.) And Bottom Number is Biomass (mg/m2, + 1 S.D.) 5
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LIST OF TABLES Table Not Title 2.7.5-42 Mean Density And Blomass, By Depth, For 1973 Benthos Samples On Lake Norman, N. C., Using Petersen Grabs. Top Number is Density (No./m2, + 1 S.D.) 2.7.5-43 Comparison Of 1973 And 1974 Benthos Densities For The Months Of January And April, Lake Norman, N. C. 2.7.5-44 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman, N. C.; Collected With Modified Petersen Dredge At Stations 12 And 14 2.7.5-45 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman, 2 N. C.; Collected With Hester-Dendy Artificial Substrate Samplers At Stations 12 and 14 2.7.5-46 Density Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates From Lake Norman, N. C.; Collected With Sweep Net At Stations 12 and 14 2.7.5-47 Summary Data For Quantitative Benthos Sampling At Stations 12 And 14, Lake Norman, N. C. (Modified Petersen Dredge) 2.7.5-48 Summary Data For Qualitative Benthos Sampling At Stations 12 And 14, Lake Norman, N. C. (Hester-Dendy Samplers) 2.7.5-49 Summary Data For Qualitative Benthos Sampling At Stations 12 And 14, Lake Norman, N. C. (Sweep Net) 2.7.5-50 Density (No./m2) And Percent Of Total Numbers Of Major Taxa Collected By Modified Petersen Dredge At Stations 12 And 14 On Lake Norman, N. C. 2.7.6-1 Common And Scientific Ntmes Of Fishes Collected From Lake Norman, North Carolina 2.7.6-2 Average Calculated Growth Rate For Lake Norman Bluegill 2.7.6-3 Average Calulcated Growth Rate For Lake Norman Redbreast 2.7.6-4 Average Calculated Growth Rate For Lake Norman Yellow Perch 2.7.6-5 Electroffshing Results For Lake Norman August '73 - February '74
-2 2.7.6-6 Results Of Rotenone Treatments Of Five Lake Norman Coves July 3n - August, 1473 2.7.6-6A Fesults Of Rotenone Trettments Of Five Lake Norman Coves June 24 - June 28, 1974 2.7.7-1 USGS Station Description 2 7 7-2 Santee River Basin Water Quality O
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LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title 1 - g-~ 2.7.7-3 Lake Norman Samples From Secchi, Depth Algal Nutrient t Concentrations (ug/1) 2,7.7-4 Water Quality Data Harshall intake 9/29/73 2.7.7-5 Lake Norman Turbidity Study 10/31/73 t 2.8.1-1 Regional Background Radiology Data 2.8.1-2 Site and Vicinity Background Radiological Data l i i w l 7
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title ER Figure 2.0.1-1 Plan Profile Of Catawba River ER Figure 2.1.1-1 General Area Map ER Figure 2.1.1-2 Plot Plan And Site Boundary ER Figure 2.1.1-3 Duke Owned Land Within Low Population Zone ER Figure 2.2.1-1 Counties Within A 50 Mile Radius E., Figure 2.2.1-2 Estimated Population Distribution 1970, 0-10 Miles ER Figure 2.2.1-3 Estimated Population Distribution 1976, 0-10 Miles ER Figure 2.2.1-4 Estimated Population Distribution 2015, 0-10 Miles ER Figure 2.2.1-5 Estimated Population Distribution 1970, 5-50 Miles . ER Figure 2.2.1-6 Estimated Population Distribution 1976, 5-50 Miles ER Figure 2.2.1-7 Estimated Population Dsitribution 2015, 5-50 Miles ER Figure 2.2.1-8 Population Centers Within A 100 Mile Radius
] lERFigure2.2.1-9 Residences Within 2 Miles l j ER Figure 2.2.2-1 Proximity Of Closest Residence, School, Church, j Hospital, Farm And Dairy 1 i
ER Figure 2.2.2-2 Concentrations Of Major Farm Products, 0-5 Miles i ER Figure 2.2.2-3 Routes, Locations and Industries in Vicinity ER Figure 2.2.2-4 Wildlife Preserves, 0-5 Miles ER Figure 2.2.2-5 Zoning E't Fi gu re 2. 2. 2-6 Water Use 20 Mile Radius 1 l ER Figure 2.2.2-7 Milk Animals Within 2 Miles l 2 l ER Figure 2.2.2-8 Location of Gardens l ER Figure 2.4.0-1 Regional Geologic Map ER Figure 2.5.1-1 Location of Streams, Springs and Discharge Measurement Points ER Figure 2.5.2-1 Typical Groundwater Section AA ER 2-x Revision 2 ! Carry Over
List OF FIGURES Figure No. Title 2 .ER Figure 2 5.2-IA Time Plot of Lake Level, Tailwater Level, Groundwater l Level, and Rainfall ' t 4lERFigure252-1B Groundwater Monitoring Program l ER Figure 2 5 2-2 Water Table contours , ER Figure 2.5.2-3 Wells surveyed ; i ER Figure 2.5.2-4 Boring Layout ! ER Figure 2.5 3-1 station 1. Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, t Averages, And Maxima For Temperature in Lake Norman, 1963 to 1973 i ER Figure 2.5.3-2 station 8. Vertical. Profiles Of Monthly Minima, Averages, And Maxima For Temperature In Lake Norman,. , 1963 to 1973 ER Figure 2 5 3-3 Station 15 Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, l Averages, And Maxima For Temperature In Lake Norman, i 1963 to 1973 j ER Figure 2.5 3-4 Station 1. Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, ( Averages, And Maxima For Dissolved Oxygen in Lake ! Norman, 1963 to 1973 ! ER Figure 2.5 3-5 station 8. Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, Averages, And Maxima For Dissolved Oxygen In Lake , Norman, 1963 to 1973 i ER Figure 2.5 3-6 station 15 Vertical Proflies Of Monthly Minima, i Averages, And Maxima for Dissolved Oxygen in Lake i Norman, 1963 to 1973 L ER Figure 2 5 3-7 station 1. Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, Averages, And Maxima For Manganese in Lake Norman, 1963 to 1973 l ER Figure 2.5.3-8 Station 8. Vartical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, Averages, 7nd Maxima For Manganese in Lake Norman, ' 1963 to 1973 l ER Figure 2.4.3-9 station 15 Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, Averages, And Maxima For Manganese in Lake Norman 1963 to 1973 ER Figure 2.5 3-10 station 4.5 Vertical Proflies Of Monthly Minima, Averages, And Maxima For Temperature, January - , December, 1974 O_2 : i ER 2-xi Revision 4 !
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title ER Figure 2.5.3-11 Station 4.5 Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, Averages, And Maxima For Dissolved Oxygen, January - December, 1974 ER Figure 2.5.3-12 Station 5.0 Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, Averages, And Maxima For Temperature, January - Decemb;r, 1974 ER Figure 2.5 3-13 Station 5.0 Vertical Profiles Of Monthly Minima, Averages, And Maxima For Dissolved Oxygen, January - December, 1974 ER Figure 2.5.3-14 Station 1. Monthly Nitrate / Nitrite And Ortho-Phosphate Concentrations in Surface And Bottom Waters, 1974 ER Figure 2.5 3-15 Station 4. Monthly Nitrate / Nitrite And Ortho-Phosphate Concentrations in Surface And Bottom Vaters, 1974 ER Figure 2.5 3-16 Station 5 Monthly Nitrate / Nitrite Ar.d Ortho-Phosphate Concentrations in Surface And Bottom Waters, 1974 ER Figure 2.5.3-17 Station 8. Monthly Nitrate / Nitrite And Ortho-Phosphate Concentrations in Surface And Bottom Waters, 1974 ER Figure 2.7.3-1 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER Figure 2.7.3-2 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER Figure 2.7 3-3 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman'. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER Figure 2.7.3-4 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER Figure 2.7.3-5 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER Figure 2.7.3-6 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER Figure 2 7.3-7 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER Figure 2.7.3-8 Zooplaniton Standing Crops in Lake Norman. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ( ER Figure 2.7.3-9 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman On A Monthly Basis For 1974. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER 2-xii Revision 2 New Fage
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title , g ER Figure 2 7 3-10 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman On A Monthly Basis For 1974. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per Liter ER Figure 2.7 3-11 Zooplankton Standing Crops In Lake Norman On A Monthly l Basis For 1974. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per ! Liter ER iigure 2.7 3-12 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman On A Monthly I Basis For 1974. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per ; Liter i ER Figure 2 7 3-13 Zooplankton Standing Crops in Lake Norman On A Monthly Basis For 1974. All Values Expressed As Numbers Per , Liter ER Figure 2.7.5-1 Seasonal changes (January / April / July / October, 1973) , I in Abundance Of Five Taxa From Dredge Samples At All At All Stations On Lake Norman ER Figure 2.7.5-2 Mean Density Of Five Major Taxa Of Benthic Invertebrates At All Stations On Lake Norman ' t ER Figure 2.7.6-1 Total Fish And Total Game Fish Collected By Electrofishing On Lake Norman (+ Standard Deviation). (A) August, l (B) September (CT October (D) November (E) December i (F) January (G) February ER Figure 2 7.6-1A Total Fish And Total Game Fish Collected By Electro- i fishing On Lake Norman, 1974 (+ 1 Standard Deviation). e 2 (A) March, (B) April, (C) May,-(D) June, (E) July, r (F) August, (G) September, (H) October, (1) November, (J) December ER Figure 2.7.6-2 Total Fish / Gill Net / Day Collected At Eight Sampling Stations On Lake Norman, (+) Standard Deviation). (A) August, (B) September, (C) October, (D) November, (E) December, (F) January, (G) February ER Figure 2.7.6-2A Total Fish / Gill Net / Day Collected At Eight Sampling i Stations On Lake Norman,.1974 (+ 1 Standard Deviation). 2 (A) March, (B) April, (C) May TD) June, (E) July, (F) August, (G) September, (H) October, (l) November, (J) December ER Figure 2.7.6-3A Relationship Of Time Of Year And Water Temperature To The Abundance Of Larval Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) In Lake Norman (--- = Water Temperature, * = Mean Number Of Larvae), Spring 1974 (* ER 2-xill Revision 2 Carry Over i t
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title ER Figure 2.7.6-3A Relationship Of The Time Of Year And Water Temperature To The Abundance Of Larval Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) in Lake Norman (--- = Water Temperature, . = Mean Number of Larvae), Spring 1974 ER Figure 2.7.6-3B Relationship Of The Time Of Year And Water Temperature To The Abundance Of Larval Crapple (Promoxis SP.) in Lake Norman (--- = Water Temperature, = Mean Number of Larvae), Spring 1974 ER Figure 2.7.6-3C Relationship Of Time Of Year And Water Temperature To The Abundance of Larval Shad (Dorosoma SP.) In Lake Norman (--- = Water Temperature, . = Mean Number Of Larvae), Spring 1974 ER Figure 2 7.6-3D Relationship Of Time Of Year And Water Temperature To 2 The Abundance Of Larval Sunfish (Lepomis SP.) In Lake Norman (--- = Water Temperature, = Mean Number Of Larvae), Spring 1974 ER Figure 2.7.6-4 Stomach Contents of Largemouth Bass Collected From Lake Norman During August, 1973 ER Figure 2.7.6-5 Stomach Contents of Bluegill Collected From Lake Norman During August, 1973 ER Figure 2.7.6-6 Stomach Contents of Redbreast Sunfish Collected From Lake Norman During August, 1973 ER Figure 2.7.6-7 Stomach Contents of Yellow Perch Collected From Lake Norman During August, 1973 ER Figure 2.7 7-1 Nitrate-in Santee River Basin (Pre-Lake Norman), 1951-1961 ER Figure 2.7.7-2 Nitrate-In Surface Waters Of Lake Norman, 1968 ER Figure 2.7.7-3 Nitrate-in Surface Waters of Lake Norman, 1969 ER Figure 2.7.7-4 Nitrate-in Surface Waters Of Lake Norman, 1970 ER Figure 2.7.7-5 Nitrate-In Surface Waters Of Lake Norman, 1973 ER Figure 2.7.7-6 Station 1. Surface Water, (A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels August to December, 1973. (B) Total and Fecal Coliforms 1971 - 1973 ER Figure 2.7.7-7 Station 4. Surface Water, (A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels, August to December, 1973. (B) Total and Fecal Coliforms 1971-1973 ER Figure 2.7 7-8 Station 5. Surface Water, (A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels, August to December, 1973 (B) Total and Fecal Coliforms 1971 - 1973 i ER 2-xiv Revision 2 , Carry Over j
LIST OF FIGURES t Figure No. Title ER Figure 2.7 7-9 Station 6. Surface Water, (A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels, August to December, 1973. (B) Total and Fecal Coliforms, 1971 - 1973 , ER Figure 2 7 7-10 Station 7 Surface Water, (A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels, August to December, 1973. (B) Total and Fecal Coliforms, 1971 - 1973 > ER Figure 2.7.7-11 Station 10. Surface Water, (A) Nitrogen and Phosphorus ! Levels, August to December, 1973 (B) Total and Fecal , Collforms, 1971 - 1973 ! ER Figure 2.7 7-12 Dissolved Oxygen Profiles On Lake Norman, August 28, 1973 ER Figure 2 7 7-13 Temperature Profiles On ake Norman, August 28, 1973 ER Figure 2.7 7-14 Surface Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Hanganese
- Versus Miles Upstream From Cowans Ford Dam i ER Figure 2.7.7-15 Water Quality Sampling Locations In intake Cove and Discharge Canal Of Marshall Steam Station, October 29, i 1973 ER Figure 2 7 7-16 Turbidity Survey On Lake Norman, October 31, 1973 ;
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a t 2.0 THE SITE '(T
\s l Lake Norman and its impounding structure, Cowans Ford Dam, were completed by Duke Power Company in 1963 This event marked the final major step in a .
comprehensive plan to develop the hydroelectric power potential of the l Catawba-Wateree River system in North and South Carolina. The plan was con- ' ceived by Duke's founders in the early 1900's and was implemented in stages between 1904 and 1967 with the construction of 11 reservoirs and 13 hydro- ; electric generating plants having a total installed capacity of 804,940 kw. -! The fourth and final hydro unit was installed at Cowans Ford in 1967 to give ' that plant an installed capacity of 370,000 kw. t in 1935, the extent of the basin's developnent was recognized by Mr. A. E. ! Morgan, then Chairnan of the Board of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Mr. I Morgan wrote in the Decemver, 1935, issue of Civil Engineering: >
"On the Catawba River in North and South Carolina, the Duke Power Company has worked out a completely unified development for power with results, I understand, that reflect great credit on the technical skill involved in that great undertaking." ;
Attached Figure 2.0.1-1, Plan and Profile of Catawba River, shows the com- . pleted hydro development scheme which utilizes 86 percent of the available ! head in the included reach of the river. l t Beginning in the 1920's and continuing through current engineering design for ! fT McGuire Station, Duke has further developed the water resources of the Catawba ! ( ,/ Valley by using three of the hydro reservoirs for condenser cooling water at , three large steam-electric generating plants. McGuire Station will be the ; fourth such plant on Catawba reservoirs and the second on Lake Norman. Duke's I recently completed 2,137,000 kw Marshall Steam Station has been operating on i Lake Norman since 1965 and has, for six consecutive years, been recognized as the most efficient steam-electric plant in the United States. Lake Norman continues to serve as the site for one of the most comprehensive research projects yet undertaken to gather scientific data on thermal effects , of large steam electric plants on lakes and reservoirs. Before Lake Norman was built, Duke's engineering and environmental studies on similar lake cooling sites (Allen, Riverbend) resulted in the establish- ! ment of a " rule of thumb" cooling capacity allowance factor of 1.7 acres per . MWe generated. The 32,500 acres of Lake Norman could very conservatively support the 17,000 acres estimated for 10,000 MWe of fossil capacity. As for ; nuclear capacity, Duke's " rule of thumb" assigned 2.5 acres per MWe. For q -! 2 McGuire, the N. C. Department of Water and Air Resources assigned a mixing 34 of 3500 acres for nominally 2400 MWe. Based on these prescribed physical i limitations, the Lake Norman reservoir was concluded to be capable of sup ' } porting more than 10,000,000 kw of thermal cooling capacity. Existing 'l Marshall Station and proposed McCaire Nuclear Station will together utilize ; less than half the projected safe cooling capacity of Lake Norman. Additional ! sites on- the east shore of the lake will be developed as needed and will } utilize the cooling water resource of the Lake Norman generating complex. 5
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c Such development will be done in full compliance with then applicable state and federal water and air quality standards, best available research data 2 and operating experience from existing plants and Duke's long standing commitment to maintain a high quality environment in its service area. L i, O ER 2.0-la Revision 2 - , Carry Over 4 1.
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-The following comments were made on September 29, 1964, by North Carolina -
(~~} Governor Terry Sanford as he took part in dedication ceremonies for new-(s,/ ly completed Lake Norman and Cowans Ford Dam: ;
"Because of its conviction in regard to the steady economic !
growth of this area (and) the consequent 1.y increasing demands ! for electricity, Duke Power Company today announces for the ! first time the full dimensions of its development plans for . the Lake Norman area. .s a program calling for the con-struction of ten millit- xilowatts of new steam-electric , generating capacity around the shores of Lake Norman and ; designed to make this vast project a well spring of power for the growing Piedmont Crescent."
"Now under construction (Is) the first of this new era of generating plants, Plant Marshall, located on the shore of the lake near Terrell in Catawba County. Other plants will follow Marshall untII a total of four or five generating centers have been built around Lake Norman."
"Whereas the first two units at Plant Marshall will use coal as fuel it is entirely conceivable that other capacity in this new program will utilize the energy of the atom and be nuclear powered." ;
The Lake Norman generating complex is geographically and electrically near i the center of the Duke service area and of the Piedmont section of North ! (N and South Carolina. This area is recognized as one of the fastest grow-ing market and population regions in the United States and yet it continues to be considered one of the most desirable areas in which to live and , work. The continued orderly -and prucent development of the water re- j sources of the Catawba Valley, including the Lake Norman generating com-plex, is deemed to be in the best interests of maintaining a high quality environment in the gecgraphic region served by Duke Power Company. ; The costs and benefits of the Lake Norman Generating Complex are detailed - in Chapter 8. ;
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ER 2.0-2 I _I
l l l l l l 2.1 SITE LOCATION AND LAYOUT l McGuire Nuclear Station is located in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, near Duke Power Company's Cowans Ford Dam, approximately 17 miles northwest The plant site is on the shore of Lake Norman I of Charlotte, North Carolina. about 1000 yards east of the Catawba River channel, as shown in Figure 2.1.1-1. As shown on Figure 2.1.1-2, the plant site is bounded on the west by the
- Catawba River channel, immediately downstream of Cowans Ford Dam, on the l north by Lake Norman, on the east by private property, and on the south by N C Highway 73 The intersection of the center lines of the two Reactor Buildings is located at latitude 35 degrees - 25 ft - 59 inches north and l 1 longitude 80 degrees - 56 minutes - 55 seconds west. The corresponding i Universal Transverse Mecator Grid Coordinates are E 504,669 and N 3,920,870.
The Exclusion Area is the area within a 2500 foot radius centered at the intersection of the center lines of the Reactor Buildings.I The Low lation Zone is that area within five and one-half miles of the plant.{opu- A security fence will be erected around the immediate site area. Of the property within a two mile radius of the site, 33 percent is lake ! i l surface, 31 percent is Duke property, and the remaining 36 percent is pri-vately owned property. Figure 2.1.1-3 shows the land owned by Duke around j the site and Lake Norman within the Low Population Zone. Activities within the Exclusion Area, other than those associated with the nuclear station, will be limited to highway travel through the area and recreation on the lake. The proposed Training and Technology Center will be j located outside the Exclusion Area. Access to the Center will be through I this Exclusion Area. In the event a Visitors Center is built, it will be l located near the edge or outside of the Exclusion Area Boundary; however, l access would be through the Exclusion Area. i 2 The Training and Technology Center (TTC) will have about 70 regular employees for initial operation (160 by 1990). They will work a 40-hour, 5-day week, during regular daylight hours. One or more security guards will be at the Center during the night. There will usually be, in addition, about 20-50 trainees at the Center. Each Q 21 trainee will be at the center for 40 hours a week, for 6-16 weeks. The TTC is expected to have as many as 100 visitors at one time; again, during j regular daylight business hours. Each visitor is estimated to remain at the Center less than two hours. There is no present estimate on the average number of visitors expected. Other persons (vendors, consultants, other Company personnel) may be at the Center for periods ranging f rom a few minutes to most of an eight-hour day. An estimated 20-or-less such "other persons" are expected per week. As defined by the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 100. ER 2.1-1 Revisian 2 l
2.2- REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHY, LAND AND VATER USE 2.2.1 DEMOGRAPHY , 4 2.2.1.1 Permanent Population There are 25 counties within 50 miles of McGuire Nuclear Station. These counties i and their 1970 census are shown on Figure 2.2.1-1. Figures 2.2.1-2 through , 2.2.1-4 show the population by sector within 10 miles of the site for 1970, 1976, , and 2015, respectively, and Figures 2.2.1-5 through 2.2.1-7 show distributed l populations between.five to fifty miles from the site for the same years. A i summary of the population and population distribution'for each sector within 50 i j miles of the site is presented in Table 2.2.1-1. A summary of the estimated popu- Q5 i lation and population distribution for 1980 in each sector within 50 miles of the : site is presented in Table 2.2.1-2. All population distribution data are based on ! the 1970 census, except that within the five mile radius which is based on an actual house count made in June, 1970, and an average of 3.30 persons per house- l hold. To disaggregate the 1970 county census division populations into each radial sector, road densities, population accumulations, land usage and general area information were considered. i Future population levels for 1976 and 2015 are based on extrapolations of pro- , Jections made by Region IV, Environmental Protection Agency.I The distribution l of the projected populations is based on the ratio of distributed 1970 county ; populations within each radial sector to the total county populations. This ratio ( was applied directly to the projected county populations to determine the future i population of that portion of the counties that fall within each radlai sector. I Population centers within 100 miles of the site are shown on Figure 2.2.1-3. i 1l Figure 2.2.1-9 shows the residences within two miles of the site (as of August, lQ 8' , f 1973). ; 2.2.1.2 Transient Population There are two schools located within the five mile radius . McGuire Nuclear i y Station. Rock Springs Elementary #2, which has a present enrollment of 121, and .[ East Lincoln High, with a present enrollment of 644. At plant startup, the en- ! rollment of Rock Springs is estimated to be the same and East Lincoln enrollment i is estimated to drop to 600 due to McGuire construction workers moving from this 1 area. The estimated enrollment in 2015 will be the same as the present enroll - , ment which is the full capcity of both schools.2 There are no current plans for i additional schools, hospitals, prisons, recreation or sports facilities within.the l five mile radius of McGulre Nuclear Station. 2.2.2 LAND USE Figure 2.2.2-1 shows the proximity of the closest residence,' school, church, hospital, farm, and dairy within ten miles of McGuire Nuclear Station. 2.2.2.1 Agriculture Figure 2.2.2-2 shows concentrations of major farm products within five miles of. I the site. The land is predominantly rural non-farm and recreational with a small l amount of. land used to support beef cattle and farming. Figure 2.2.2-7 shows the location of all milk animals within two miles of McGuire 1 Nuclear Station. . f .( ER 2.2-1 Revision 1 j i
)
1 l
Figure 2.2.2-8 shows the location of the nearest garden in each metc.orological Q 2 78 section. To the North----------------------------corn, soybeans To the East-----------------------------corn, dairy, beef To the South----------------------------corn, beef, dairy, grapes, soybeans To the West-----------------------------corn, soybeans 2.2.2.2 Transportation and Industry The site is located geographically near the center of the highly industrial-ized region of the Carolinas. However, there are only two industries located 1 l In the five mile radius of the site with the nearest, Queens Candy Kitchen, l located approximately 3.7 miles to the WSW of the site. Figure 2.2.2-3 shows major transportation routes and industries in the vicinity of the site. Table 2.2.2-1 gives details for Figure 2.2.2-3 2.2.2.3 Wildlife Preserves Catawba Waterfowl, Inc., with the cooperation of Duke, has established a wildlife refuge located on Mountain Island Lake just below Lake Norman (Figure 2.2.2-4). The refuge consists of 1,065 acres plus an additional 1,070 acres which has been set aside as a protection strip along the Catawba River from Cowans Ford Dam downstream to the refuge proper.3 No hunting is allowed within one-half mile of the refuge boundary. This refuge is managed end maintained by the North Carolina Wildlife Commission. There are no other , hunting areas or refuge areas within five miles of the station, except as ellowed by local land owners. 2.2.2.4 Zoning Zoning in Mecklenburg County (Figure 2.2.2-5) is predominantly residential. ! There is no zoning in Gaston and Lincoln Counties within five miles of l McGuire Nuclear Station. I 2.2.2.5 Water use Present water usage within 20 miles of the site and 50 miles downstream of McGuire Nuclear Station is shown on Figure 2.2.2-6. Table 2.2.2-2 lists the 1 owner, location, and use rate of surface waters from Lake Norman through the Materee sub-basin. The average travel time from the station to downstream users, based on the
; overage discharge through Cowans Ford of 2670 cfs and a computed flow rate of Oar,b 0.22 feet per second, is 3 days, 4 hours to public usage and 5 days to indus-trial usage. I 2 l The minimum travel time f rom the plant to downstream users, based on the l maximum flow of record and a computed flow rate of 8.2 feet per second, is 2.0 hours to pubile usage and 3.18 hours to industrial usage.
The minimum flow of 311 cfs is the minimum daily average required by FPC License. 1 ER 2.2-2 Revision 2
i P A projected estimate of sport and commercial fish harvest (b) weight) on Lake - fg Norman is contained in ER Appendix 2A. Data collected by Duke personnel and ( ,,/ supplied-to the Federal Power Commission (FPC Form 80) showed recreational usage-of Lake Norman as a whole to be 3,022,000 man-visits per year in 1972. It is ' assumed that the average duration of a man-visit is four hours. Using the relative proporations of time spent by the average adult in a lake environment to be 4:2:1 : for boating, swimming and shoreline use respectively, as given in WASH 12581, ! there were 1,128,220 man-hours per year spent boating, 564,110 man-hours per year 2 , spent swimming, and 282,055 man-hours per year spent in shoreline use in the , vicinity (5,310 lake surface acres) of the McGuire site. Q 17 , LITERATURE CITED IN 2.2.2 ! I Final Environmental Statement Concerning Proposed Rule Making Action: i Numerical Guides for Design Objectives and Limiting Conditions for Operation to - Meet the Criterion, "As Low As Practicable" For Radioactive Material in Light- ' Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Reactor Effluents (WASH-1258), Prepared by the Directorate of Regulatory Standards, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Vol. 2 l (Analytical Models and Calculations), issued July 1973, pg. F-15. Table lit. j I h i i i d I I j ER 2.2-3 Revision 2 l
2.3 REGIONAL HISTORIC , SCENIC, CULTURAL AND NATURAL LANDMARKS 2 3.1 HISTORIC Cowans Ford Dam, located immediately west and upstream of the McGuire Plant, was the site of a Revolutionary War Battle in which American General William Davidson was killed when his forces encountered British Commander Lord Cornwallis' troops in 1781. A marker commemorating this historic event was erected in the plant yard accessible to the public at the en-trance to Cowans Ford Dam by the Battle of Cowans Ford Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution with Duke's cooperation. During site exploration for McGuire, an old monument, lost and covered with vines and brush, erected to commemorate the falling of General Davidson was found and preserved. A new landscaped site with access road and park-ing facilities has been constructed to relocate the old monument at the entrance road to the plant's switching station on company property. This site affords the public a convenient access to the historic marker. Duke undertook this project in cooperation with the Mecklenburg Historical Association and a formal dedication of the plaque was held February 1, 1974. See Appendix 1 A for copy of letter regarding dedication ceremony, invitation to ceremony and newspaper clipping. A historic marker, depicting early Trans-Catawba history giving the loca-tion and brief descriptions of many of the more important historic sites in the vicinity of Cowans Ford Dam, has, in cooperation with the North Caro',ina State Highway Commission and the North Carolina Department of History and Archives, been relocated in an observation area across the Catawba River to the west of the site and north of N. C. Highway 73 This observation area is in a conspicuous location and provides off road public parking facilities. The Federal Register, Volume 38, Number 39, Part II, National Register of Historic Places lists Eumenean Hall and Philanthropic Hall on the Davidson College Campus in Davidson, North Carolina, as properties on the National i Register. Properties also listed are Holly Bend on State Route 2720 and Latta House, six miles south of Huntersville on State Route 2125, both in Huntersville, North Carolina. No other properties within ten miles of McGuire Nuclear Station are mentioned in the Federal Register. ; I 2.3.2 SCENIC The shoreline of Lake Norman in itself is very scenic; however, the Duke State Park area, on the eastern shore north of Highway 150, is one of the most scenic parts of the whole lakt with its dentz forests and hilly topography. j 2.3.3 CU LTUR AL The immediate area around the site has no real significant cultural centers or activities. The nearest cultural center is Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina. Davidson offers studies in the visual arts ranging from introductory course work to a B. A. degree in art and teacher certification. ER 2.3-1
i 2.3.4 NATURAL-LAND MARKS () The only existing natural land mark in the vicinity of the McGuire Nuclear Station is the Catawba River located immediately west of the site. 1 2.3.4.1 Transmission Lines ! i The transmission lines leaving the station on routes which must cross to ! the west side of the Catawba River do so on the downstream side of the N. C. Highway 73 bridge so that lines do not obstruct or impair view of , the McGuire Station or Cowans Ford Dam when viewed from the highway and historical observation area. The only overhead lines routed onto the _ ; plant site are those connecting the plant's transformer station with the 230 kV and 525 kV portions of the switching station. The transmission ; line right-of-way from the plant to the hook-up with the existing system t does not pass through any area of historic, scenic, cultural, natural, or archaeological significance. - i i 1 L U S 6 1 f h
)
i f f e's ( ! t ER 2.3-2
References for Section 2.2 O Population by County, Historic (1940-1970) and Projected (1980-2020) Region IV published by Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Georgia, July, 1972 2 Telephone conversation with Mr. Clark, Assistant Superintendent, Lincoln Public Schools - September, 1973 Information provided by Mr. Richard L. Allen, President of Catawba Waterfowl, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina e O
P 2.4 GE0 LOGY () n Studies of site and regional geology have been made to identify the various general and specific geologic features underlying the site and the surrounding area. In general, the site is located in the Charlotte Belt within the Piedmont l Geologic Province. This belt consists of metamorphosed sedimentary and + volcanic rocks of which granitic gneiss is the principal intrusive unit. i At a later time gabbro, diorite and syenite were intruded into the Charlotte Belt rocks. Several ancient faults have been mapped within the region; the closest being the Kings Mountain Fault which is about 12.5 miles from the ' site as shown on Figure 2.4. 0-1. None of the known faults have been active since the end of the Triassic Period, about 180 million years ago. Air photo studies were made of the general vicinity to verify and supplement , geologic features shown on published maps and described in the published literature. These studies of the regional and vicinity geology revealed no geologic structures which would adversely affect the site. Over 100 borings were made at the site to determine subsurface conditions under the major structures, and the suitability of those underlying materials ' from site development. Also, rock cores f rom borings made in the nearby Cowans Ford Dam area had been retained and were examined. An examination of rock cores from these sources and a petrographic analysir. of rock samples generally confirmed the published literature relative to emplacement order, age and rock types. The four major rock types found included dark green meta-gabbro, light gray fine and medium grained granite, black and white fine grained diorite and black and white coarse grained diorite. Though
\ the geologic structure at the site is very complex and old, there were no features in evidence which presented any problems in the design and const ruct ion of the plant, or would present any problems in the future operation or safety of the plant. Close studies of the exposed rock in structure exc,avation during construction have confirmed studies made prior to construction.
1 O ER 2.4-1
F 2.5 HYDROLOGY A description of the physical, chemical, biological, and hydrological character-istics of the surface and ground waters within the site area and immediate environs is necessary to evaluate the effects of plant construction and operation on adjacent above ground and below ground water bodies. 251 SURFACE WATER The McGuire Nuclear Station is located immediately south of Lake Norman and east of the Catawba River. Surface waters generally flow in a southwesterly direction into the Catawba River. The construction of earth dams and general clearing and grading operations indicated on Figure 2.1.1-2 have a bearing on site hydrology. The Standby Nuclear Service Water Pond covers approximately 35 acres of its 171 acre drainage area. The stream is impounded to pool elevation 740.1. The crest of the dam is at elevation 747 and supports an all weather access road. The dam crosses a small unnamed creek in a heavily wooded, 100 to 150 foot wide plain. The Waste Water Collection Basin, located south of the plant, covers 13 acres of its 271 acre drainage area. The basin is used to accumulate yard drainage 2 and liquid effluent from the station sanitary sewage waste treatment facility before release to the Catawba River downstream of Cowans Ford Dam. The Conven-tional Waste Water Treatment System is used to accumulate all other non-nuclear liquid effluents. A number of small springs are present in the station area. The springs occur where the groundwater table or water bearing joints intersect the ground surface. These springs generally occur at the head of small streams which drain the site, as shown on Figure 2.5.1-1. Stream flow characteristics are also presented. 1 l Figure 2.2.2-6 Indicates and Tables 2.2.2-2 and 2.2.2-3 detail municipal and l Industrial surface water intakes within 20 miles of the plant and downstream to the Wateree Dam. At the time of issue of the construction permit, construction of the McGuire Nuclear Station was proceeding under the ruthority of exemptions granted by the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board. Major items of grading construction includ- , ing the Waste Water Collection Basin, Standby Nuclear Service Water Pond, power- ) house excavation, and rough grading had been completed. Since issuance of the ) construction permit, backfill of structures, paving of parking lots and roads, Q ! 2 and filling of the Waste Water Collection Basin and the Standby Nuclear Service 35 l i Water Pond have occurred. Concurrent with this activity, areas in which con-structior, has been completed have been grassed for control or erosion and sedimentation. The permanent yard drainage system has been installed and building roof drains have been connected to the drainage system. Ecch of the features described have slightly altered the local hydrology. No significant change in location or volume of discharge from the site has occurred. O ER 2.5-1 Revision 2
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1 i 2.5.2 GROUNDWATER A Q McGui re Nuclear Station is located within the Piedmont Groundwater Province f rom which all groundwater is derived from precipitation. The depth of the i water table varies f rom ground surface elevation in valleys to more than 100 feet below the surface on sharply rising hills. Generally, the depth of the water table depends on climate, topography, and rock type, but the greatest ; influence for seasonal and long term fluctuations on the occurrence, location, l and movement of groundwater is Lake Norman, which borders the site on the ; no rt h . Expected seasonal changes produce a decline in groundwater elevation ' during the late spring, summer, and early fall months as a result of evaporation and t ranspiration by plants, and during the fall, when rainfall is low. The groundwater level rises in the late fall and winter then the evaporation potential is reduced. Long term fluctuat ions generally follow the same trends 2 as seasonal fluctuations. Q 36 ; Detailed groundwater elevation studies for the McGuire plant site were conducted ! prior to const ruct ion between October 2, 1969, and May 26, 1971, at approximately l 100 locations in the immediate vicinity of the site. Observations of ground- ! water elevat ions taken f rom these locat ions were used to plot Figure 2.5.2-1 ; which shows the water table location in relation to the ground surface when ' Lake Norman is full. Fluctuations in the groundwater elevation, dete rmined from borina H-II, were recorded from April, 1970, to April, 1971, and plotted . In Figure 2.5.2-1A. In additlon, this Figure shows headweter and tallwater fluctuations for the Cowans Ford Dam during the same period. It can be seen f rom this figure that the groundwater fluctuations generally follow the Lake , Norman fluctuations, but the fluctuations in groundwater are minor and insignificant even with appreciable fluctuations in Lake Norman. Groundwater quality in the vicinity of the station is high and satisfactory for domest ic use without treatment. The results of chemical and physical l tests conducted on water f rom wells shown in Figure 2.5.2-3 are presented in 1 l Table 2.5.2-1. Figure 2.5.2-4 is referenced on Table 2.5.2-1. l Informat ion f rom well surveys is presented in Table 2.5.2-2. A permanent underdrain groundwater control system is Installed to maintain the groundwater level at or near the Reactor and Auxiliary Building foundatial 4 elevation of 712. The underdrain system consists of a grid of interconnected flow channels which drain to three sumps in the Auxiliary Building. ; Exterior wall drains located around the exterior walls of the Auxiliary and Reactor Building drain to the la rgest sump. Grcundwater collected in this [ sump is pumped to the storm drain system which discharges to the Waste l 6 Water Collection Basin and the Standby Nuclear Service Water Pond. Groundwater ' collected in the other two sumps is pumped to the Turbine Building sumps. which ! in turn is discharced to the Conventional h te Water Treatment System. Two 250 l gpm punps, each capable of handling the total flow into the sumps for a pump cycle, maintain the water level automatically in each sump. , The design basis for t he drainage system is the calculated seepage flow into the l Reactor Bu:lding foundation area. This calculation was based on the assumptions l 4 that Lake Norman serves as a line source, that the excavation functions as a well f with a 400 foot diameter, that an impervious lower L3undary to the aquifer exists ( at elevation 712 feet and that the permeability of t he material above elevation The equation which is applicable to this situation is: I i i 712 is 300 feet pe r yea r. ; ER 2.92 Revision 6
a t Q = TK(H -h )/in(2L/r ) where Q = seepage rate into excavation K = permeability H = head from bottom of excavation to water surface in Lake Norman = 760 feet (Lake Norman full pond elevation) minus 712 feet (bottom of excavat ion) h"= head from bottom of excavation to cr undwater elevation at the excavation (conservatively estimated to be zero feet) L = distance from center of well to Lake Norman (estimated to be 300 feet) r = radius of hypothetical well located at excavation Use of the above values and equation yields a calculated flow of about 28 gpm. The actual capacity of the drainage system is several multiples times the calculated inflow of 28 gpm. Initial discharge rates from the dewatering system used at the excavation during const ruction were approximately 25 gpm. The agreement between the calculated and measured seepage values tends to validate the assumptions on which the seepage calculations were based. Because of the low discharge rate, groundwater aquifer at the site can only be q affected locally by the permanent underdrain system, since it is bounded on the i north by Lake Norman, on the west by the Catawba River, on the south by the SNSW Pond and on the east by a ridge where the groundwater elevation has not been significantly affected by dewatering. For these reasons it is felt that any changes in the water table would be restricted to the plant site. The plant site was highly disturbed prior to the McGuire construction and has been further disturbed due to plant construction activities. All the disturbed areas will be reseeded primarily in grass. These grasses will not be dependent on groundwater and therefore any alterations in the water table will have little or no effect on the vegetation and ecosystems. There will be no adv;rse environmental effects because of the relatively ! low discharge rate and because any discharge flows to the Waste Water l Collection Basin before being released from the site. l Water quality parameters for groundwater around the plant site are presented in Table 2.5.2-1. Water quality parameters for the Catawba River, the eventual l receiving surface water body for g.oundwater off site are presented in Table 2.5.3-2. i A groundwater level monitoring program as shown in Figure 2.5.2-1B verifles the expected construct icn stage drawdown of groundwater. This program will be used to verify the final elevations in the plant site area. Reference for Section 2.5.2 I Leona rds, G. A. (Ed. ), Foundat ion Eng inee ring, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962, Chapter 3. ER 2.5-2a Revision 4 New Page
2.5.3 LAKE NORMAN 2.5 3 1 Tributaries of Lake Norman Watershed
~
' Streams feeding the Lake Norman area which are now either completely or [
partially inundated at full pond 231.6 m (760 f t) ms) are listed in Table ! 2.5.3-1. Those streams which have the largest average discharge are the ' 1 lCatawbaRiver,LyleCreek,MountainCreekandDavidsonCreek. Table 2 7.7-2 l .i lists maxima and minima sf water quality parameters determined on tributaries l in the pre-Lake Norman watershed over a combined period from 1945 to 1963 ! 2.5.3.2 Lake Norman - Physical Description , Lake Norman was formed by the Cowans Ford Dam, finished in 1963 Norman forms the tailwater of Lookout Shoals Dam, 53.9 km (33.5 miles) upstream of l Cowans Ford Hyd ro Station and Dam. Mountain Island Lake extends to the tail- ! water of Cowans Ford Dam, 24.1 km (15 miles) upstream of Mountain Island Dam. ' 5lLakeNormanhasanaxial length of 53.9 km (33.5 miles), an area of 13,157 l-hectares (32,510 acres), and a volume of ? ,349,502,400 m3 (1,093,600 acre ., feet) at full pond elevation 231.6 m (760 ft) above mean sea level.
- i Prior to the construction of Cowans Ford Dam, the nearest recorded flow rates I were from a gaging station about 48.3 km (30 miles) upstream near Catawba, ,
5lNorthCarolina. The drainage area above the gage is 397,577 hectares- (982,400 l j acres). The average flow past the gage for the 30 year period prior to 1962, when the gage was inundated, was 66 m3/s (2337 cfs). The maximum and minimum O flow rates were 5012 m3/s (177,000 cfs) on August 14, 1940 and 2 m3/s (85 cfs) on September 15, 1957, respectively. On July 16, 1916, the river reached max- [ j imum flood stage at the Catawba gage of 13.4 m (44.1 ft) with an estimated ! flow of 5650 m3/s (199,500 cfs) at the McGuire site on July 17, 1916. The i flow from Norman is regulated through the Cowans Ford Dam and Hydro Statlon. l A minimum flowrate of 2 m3/s (85 cfs) is maintained even when the hydroelec - ! tric units are idle. The average annual flow from the station is 76 m3/s .; (2670 cfs). The Cowans Ford Dam was designed with a spi 11way capacity of 5964 m3/s . l (210,650 cfs) through the 11 gates, each being 10.7 m (35 ft) by 8.5 m (28 f t). ! Under normal operating conditions, the powerhouse passes 1427 m3/s (50,400 i cfs). The maximum probable flood would be 10,362 m3/s (365,900 cfs),and-while this would overtop the spillway, the dam and abutments would be in no danger. Neither would the McGuire ' Station be in danger, with a yard elevation of 231.6 m (760 ft) and a maximum tallwater elevation of 212.9'm (698.5 ft). ! t Norman attained full pond 231.6 m msl (760 ft) in April, 1964, with a surface ! area of 13,157 hectares (32,510 acres). During an average summer, surface ~ ! 5 elevation is 230.7 m (757 f t) (12,192 hectares (30,125 acres)) and during an i average winter lake elevation is 228.0 m (748 f t) (9,713 hectares (24,000 '! acres)). The lowest lake level to date (227.8 m (747.5 f t)) was recorded in late summer, 1970. Maximum allowable drawdown permitted by the Federal Power j Commission is 226.0 m ms) (735 ft). Duke Power's self imposed maximum drawdown l is 229.'0 m ms1 (745 ft). , f i ER 2 5-3 Revision 5 !
[ 2.5.3.3 Lake Norman Physico - Chemical Description ! D Lake Norman is a relatively new lake. Impoundment was completed early in .(/ 1963, and the water level reached full pond in April, 1964. Norman is medium ; sized with fairly deep water in the area of the original stream bed and shal- ! low reaches in its numerous arms. Maximum depth at Cowans Ford Dam is 36.6 m ; (120 f t) with a mean lake depth at full pond of 10.3 m (34 f t). ! Thermal stratification begins to develop in May and fall overturn occurs during ! November. The thermocline becomes apparent by June and is'very distinct by i July (Figure 2.5.3-1, 2s3). Oxygen depletion in the hypo 11mnion begins in l 2 June and oxygen concentrations fall below 1 mg/l by late August (Figure 2.5.3-4, 0 ' Ss6). Surf ace dissolved oxygen averages 91% saturation (annual average for 38 s 10 year period) with supersaturation often occurring during March and Aprl1 and minimum values (approximately 80%) occurring in November and December, 2 Table 2.5.3-2 and 3 Monthly maximum, mean, and minimum vertical proflies of Q temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration at Stations 4.5 and 5.0 for 1974 43 are presented in Figures 2.5.3-10 through 2.5.3-13 Monthly maximum, mean, and > minimum profiles at Stations 4.5 and 5.0 varied little during each month of 1974. Lake Norman warms to a maximum temperature of approximately 29 C (850) in July and cools to a minimum of approximately 6 C (410F) by January. Hardness values calculated for surface samples range between 8 and 15 mg/l as CACO 3 . Alkalinitles range from 33 mg/l (CACO 3 ) in late summer to 11 mg/l (CaC0 3 ) in late fall and winter. Alkalinity and hardness values indicate that Norman is a " soft water" lake and that hardness is controlled by carbo-nate-bicarbonate equilibria 5. Mutrient levels in Lake Norman are quite low. Nitrate-N ranges from 0.05 mg/l in the surface waters to 0.20 mg/l in the hypolimnion. During periods of destratification nitrate values are practically uniform from surface to bot tom (Tabl e 2.5. 3-2) . Nitrate / nitrite and orthophosphate concentrations ' are contrasted in surface and bottom waters at Stations 1.0, 4.0, 5.0, and q 2 8.0 during 1974 (Figures 2.5.3-14 through 2.5.3-17) . Surface nitrate / nitrite ; concentrations declined during the summer months probably due to biological 43 uptake. Soluble orthophosphate values sM dom exceed the detection ilmits of the analytical methodology, 0.005 mg/l PO4-P. The only known point source of sanitary discharge on Norman is from the municipality of Catawba, North Caro-lina, which enters the northern end of the lake through Lyle Creek. The dis- , tribution of nitrate-N and considerations of possible non point sources are discussed in Section 2.7.7 Turbidities in Norman rarely exceed 20 Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU) in the surface waters and do not of ten exceed 30 JTU'S one meter above the lake bottom. A surface turbidity study involving forty-three stations was con-ducted on October 10, 1973, in the northern portions of the lake (13-27 JTU'S) and the immediate area of the McGuire site (8-13 JTU'S), Figure 2.7.7-
- 16. Interpretation of this study is detailed in Section 2.7.7 ,
Silica is of considerable interest to Duke Power Company because of its physi-cal abrasiveness toward turbine parts and its role in the aquatic environment as a nutrient source for diatoms. Teeter noted that the soluble silica levels , decreased ' by 38% at the Riverbend Steam Station intake following impoundment ER 2.5-4 Revision 2 r
and concluded that the most significant silica sink was the uptake by plank-tonic diatoms in Norman's waters 6 Silica values for the period 1939-1961 ranged from 10-16 mg/l before impoundment, and following impoundment ranged from 5-11 mg/l in surface waters for the period 1963-1973 Lake Norman's waters are very low in sodium and potassium. Sodium values for August, September, and October, 1973, average 4.09 rag /l and range f rom 3.70 9 O; l I ER 2.5-4a Revision 2 l Carry Over i
i i i
- mg/l to 4.20 mg/1. Potassium during the same period averaged 1.71 mg/l and _
ranged from 1.60 to 1.85 mg/1. (s) l Heavy metals analyzed for vertical station composites include cadmium, I chromium, copper, zinc, nickel, lead, and mercury. Zinc and nickel will be ; included in Table 2.5.3-2 when complete, and a sampling program for mercury ~ and lead will be underway by January, 1974. Studies by Klein7 and Winchester 0 have raised serious questions concerning heavy metal fallout around industries which burn fossil fuel in manufacturing processes. Analyses to date (Table i 2.5.3-4) indicate that the heavy metal content of Norman is several orders of , magnitude below accepted drinking water standards 9 l Table 2.5.3-4 contains averages for surface water quality parameters :and ; composite metal samples) for August, September, and October,1973, of five stations on Norman along with North Carolina State Standards 9 for A-Il (Munic-Ipal Drinking Supplies) classified waters. Parameters not listed by North Carolina State Board of Air and Water Resources were taken from Water 0.uality ; Criteria 10 Based on Table 2.5.3-4, Norman meets the standards for an A-li rating. The North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources' Rules, Regula-tions, Classifications, and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the Surface . Waters of North Carolina and Table Il-1 are included as Tables 2.5.3-5 and 6. Data for temperature, D0, and manganese are included for three stations on , Norman over the eleven year period, 1963 to 1973 Data for each of these ! parameters were averaged by month and are presented with maxima and minima in Figures 2.5.3-1 through 2.5.3-9 From these figures it is evident that the _(_% thermocline typically forms in May between the depths of 6.0 m (20 f t) and
\j 15. 0 m (50 f t). At Stations 1 and 8 a definite hypolimnion is present during {
stratification, whereas, at Station 15 the metallmnion extends nearly to the ; bottom of the lake during average mid-summer conditions. Maximum average j surface temperatures occur in July and August and are 29.5 C (85 F) at Station 1 and 28.3 C (83 F) at Stations 8 and 15. The absolute maximum surface tem-peratures recorded during the eleven year period was 31.7 C (89 F) in June at Station 15 Minimum average surface temperatures are reached during January : and February and are approximately 6 C (43 F ) throughout the lake. Absolute minimum surface temperature has been 3.9 C (39 F) at Station 15 in February. s Stratification of D0 and manganese coincides with thermal stratification in May at Station 15. Manganese and D0 stratification at Stations 1 and 8 occurs in June, a month after thermal stratification. Minimum average surface DO is .; 6.9 mg/l in September and October. The absolute minimum D0 at 3 m (10 f t) { has been 0.7 mg/l in September at Station 1, whereas, it has exceeded 4 mg/l ! at Stations 8 and 15. The maximum average surface DO is 11.5 mg/l in February. Maximum average surface manganese concentrations during the thermally strat-ified summer period exhibit an increasing trend up to fall overturn in November reaching a peak of 0.25 mg/1. Destratification follows a pattern similar to stratification, with D0 and manganese being uniformly distributed throughout the water column at Station 15 in November, but not at Stations I or 8 until December, a month after the lake is isothermal. Manganese concen-trations in the surface waters are highest in December (0.20 mg/1) and decline l' rapidly to near 0.00 mg/l during January to May.
/N f
(_ ) i i ER 2.5-5 i I
\ /\
Weekly profiles of DO, temperature, pH and conductivity for Stations 1-16 (v) and '18 were taken at 1 meter intervalsstarting 11/8/73 (Table 2.5.3-7). Oxygen saturation and stability were calculated from the weekly profile data. The static stability, E, of each water layer was calculated from the following equation:
~
2 DeP1 p2+01 Z2-Z1 where p2 = density of upper surface of layer p; = density of lower surface of layer Z2 = depth of upper surface of layer Zi = depth of lower surface of layer This equation is derived from Neumann and PiersonII. Density values to the nearest 0.1 C were taken f rom the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 12, The stability of a water body, E, is defined as the relative acceleration that a water particle (assuming a water particle with a discrete p and without mixingwyhsurroundingwater)experienceswhendisplaced1cmfromitsrest position . An E greater than 0 signifies stable stratification, E equal to 0, neutral and E less than 0 unstable stratifications. Since o is a function of temperature, static stability will provide gross indications of discharge effects. Stability calculations were. initiated November 16, 1973, following lake overturn. Calculations through December 28, 1973, were reported to the O- nearest ten thousandth; subsequent values have been reported to e nearest hundred thousandth, a significance justified by the tables used l ER 2.5-6
LITERATURE CITED IN 2.5 3 1 Wilder, H. B. and L. J. Slack. 1971. Summary of Data on Chemical Quality of Streams of North Carolina, 1943-67 Geological Survey Water-Supply Pape r 1895-B. Washington: U. S. Government Print-ing Office. 2 United States Geological Survey. 1970. Lake Norman South Quadrangle Topographic Map. North Carolina. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office. 3 . 1970. Lake Norman North Quadrangle Topographic Map. North Carolina. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office. 4 Duke Power Company. 1972. Lake Norman Map. 5 Hutchinson, G. E. 1957. A Treatise on Limnology. Vol. 1. John Wiley and Son's, Inc. New York and London. 1015 p. 6 Teeter, H. R. 1973 Silica in power plant water supplies. Duke Power Company. 7 Klein, D. H. and P. Russell. 1973. Heavy metals: fallout around a power plant. Environmental Science and Technology. 7(4): 357-358. 8 Winchester, J. W. 1972. A chemical model for Lake Michigan pollution: , considerations on atmospheric and surface water trace metal inputs. Pages 317-332 I N,: H. E. Allen and J. R. Kramer, eds. , Nutrients in Natural Waters. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 9 North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resource. 1972. Rules, Regula-tions, Classifications and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the Surface Waters of North Carolina. Raleigh. 10 Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1968. Report of the Committee on Water Quality Criteria. Washington: U. S. Govern-ment Printing Office. 11 Neumann, G. and W. J. Pie rson , J r. 1966. Principles of Physical Ocean-ography. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. pp. 139-140. 12 Weast, R. C. ed i tor. 1967-1968. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 50th ed. Cleveland, Ohio, Chemical Rubber Co. : p. F-4. O ER 2 5-7
2.6 METEOROLOGY [] Table 2.6.0-1 depicts normal and extreme values for the following parameters: V temperature, rain, sleet and snow, fog, relative humidity, dew point, wind direction and speed.I Table 2.6,0-2 displays the Joint frequencies of wind direction and speed by atmospheric stability type as they were observed onsite. For the area of North Carolina, South Carolina and their coastal waters, an , average of one tropical storm per year and one hurricane every other year has been computed based on a period of record of 63 years.2 Within this period, seven years were void of any activity while nine years produced a combined total of'three storms per year. A total of 50 tornados were observed in a two degree > square (square area about 125 miles by 125 miles) over the site for the period 1916-1955.3 To put in terms of probability for the pite itself, such a trans-lation predicts a recurrence interval of 4405 years.4 2 See McGuire FSAR Sections 2 3.1 and 2.3.2 for additional information relating Q to conventional climatology of the site. 94 Atmospheric dispersion characteristics at the proposed plant have been evaluated from onsite meteorological measurements. Table 2.6.0-3 depicts diffusion factors for each type of release at selected distances and percentile values (probability of occurrence). See McGuire FSAR Section 2.3.6 for evidence relative to the question of long term representativeness of the present period of record for atmospheric dis- Q 2 persion considerations. Long term diffusion estimates for the entire concen- 96 . tration field at ground level are presented in McGuire FSAR Section 2 3 5 and Q accompanying figures. 97
\
2.
6.1 REFERENCES
I Climatic Atlas of the United States, United States Department of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration, Environmental Data Service, June, 1968. > Climate of the States, North Carolina, Climatography of the United States, No. 60-31, United States Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, February, 1960. Local Climatological Data, Annual Summary with Comparative Data, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data Service, 1971. I 2 Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, United States Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Technical Paper No> 55, 1965. ] l 3 Tornado Occurrences In the United States, United States Department of ' Commerce, Weather Bureau, Technical Paper No. 20, 1960. 4" Tornado Probabilities", Monthly Weather Review, H.C.S. Thom,' October - December, 1963, i 10 -LJ ER 2.6-1 Revision 2 l
2.7 ECOLOGY 2.7.1 TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA The following discussion of the terrestrial flora and fauna was taken directly from the Final Environmental Statement prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory as a part of the construction licensing procedure for McGuire Nuclear Station. The only changes are renumbering literature citations, table listings and titles, and literature citations for compatibility with the present report. The characteristic appearance of the region around take Norman is a mixed oak-pine forest, which is essentailly a transitional zone between the Eastern oak-hickory association and the South-eastern evergreen forest. Oaks and hickories are widespread, but pines persist in areas less suitable for deciduous species. Sourwood and sweet gum are generally associated with the oaks and hickories.1 Utilization of the land in this area, even during the very early historic days, has led to the clearing of forests to create fields. Subsequent abandonment of fields and erosion of the soil have exerted a profound influence on the vege-tational types. Urban and population expansion and needs for highways, airports, water impoundments, transmission lines, and public parks permanently remove approximately 40,000 acres annually from North Carolina's potential future timber production. However, a large proportion of this 40,000 acres for urban development comes f rom land used for agricultural purposes.2 Pure or mixed pine stands, mixed pine-hardwood forests, and relatively scarce stands of pure hardwood forests are the primary types of the upland regions. The bottomland forests are composed of typical floodplain species (Table
- 2. 7.1- 1 ) . In general, the successional sequence of communities in this area is: herbaceous plants-+ pine i nva s i on-+ p i ne forest 4 hardwood invasion-+ mixed pine-oak or oak-hickory. ;
i Forests (principally oak-pine types) have increased by 1.5 I million acres in North Carolina since 1955 and now total 3.6 mill ion acres. Most of the forest land ownership shift in the Piedmont area of North Carolina has been from farmers to private commercial groups (approximately 4 million acres in the i last nine years).2 Shortleaf and loblolly pines, the leading species, constitute 43% of the sawtimber volume in the Piedmont region. The remaining percentage is composed of hardwoods. Over 60% of the hardwoods harvested are white oak, yellow poplar, sweet gum, hickory, scarlet oak, and red maple. Hardwood mor- . tality in 1963 in North Carolina doubled that in 1955, and soft- l wood was up 39L Suppression, pine bark beetles, and litterleaf disease accounted for most deaths.2 On abandoned farmlands (such as those around the McGuire site), i ER 2.7-1 l l I
i F'\ pines are usually very young and widely spaced. Considerable '( ) herbaceous material, tall grasses, and sedges are prevalent. Other plants include blackberry, beggar's-lice, goldenrod, sumac, poke, and wild strawberries. Sensitive brier and bird's-foot violets are of ten present in areas where the pines have become more abundant and where species commonly assoc-iated with open communities have disappeared (detailed wild ! flower listings and vascular flora listin discussed can be found in refs.3 and 4). gs for allmammalian Typical communities species of the early successional stages are shrews, harvest mice, cotton rats, cottontali rabbits, and pine mice (Table 2.7.1-2). (This table and the following ones in 2.7.1 r 2.7.1-5 are composites of the species found in all habitats and are not broken down to the particular community level.) Bi rds include the bobwhite and members of the lcteridae (Table 2.7.1-3). Reptiles which utilize such areas are known to include the rat snake, corn snake, and hognose snake (Table 2.7.1-4). As the old-fleid community is replaced by the pine and mixed pine-oak communities, changes in the understory vegetation and animal inhabitants occur. More woody climbers, such as Virginia creeper and grapevine, become prevalent, and the mammal forms change to chipmunks, gray squirrels, flying squirrels, raccoons, white-footed mice, golden mice, (,,) s~/ opossums, and larger predators, such as the gray fox. Northern pine snake and the scarlet ring snake typically The inhabit pine woods. Red-backed salamanders are usually abundant beneath old logs, stones, etc., in the mixed pine-oak deciduous forests (Table 2.7.1-5). The tree dominants in the hardwood forests are the red, white and scarlet oaks and hickory. The loblolly pine and shortleaf pine are usually mixed in late successional stages and may even occur in the oak-hickory climax sere.5 Bottomland hardwood communities are commonly composed of sweet gum, elm, red maple, and tulip tree. Sassafras, redbud, and dogwood are common as understory trees, and wild flowers such as trillium, Solomon's seal, and spider-wort are profuse. Among the larger mammals, one would expect to find deer, gray fox, raccoon, and opossum, while shrews, white-footed mice, and gray squirreis are abundant smaller forms. Birds residing in this forest type include J ays, woodpeckers , owl s , hawks , and numerous songbi rds. The Southern bald eagle is probably the which may f requent the project area.gnly endangered The slimy salamander species ; 1s regularly found beneath logs and stones. Numerous cerambycid beetles, mites, collembolans, and dipteran larvae l can be found on the moist floor beneath-the forest litter. l I Oa ER 2.7-2
)
The most frequent streamside trees in the Carolina Piedmont are willow, cottonwood, sycamore, and sweet gum. A number of vines and woody climbers (trumpet vine, grapevine, Virginia creeper, etc.) are present in the understory. Mammalian species which utilize lake banks and streamsides as habitats or breeding areas include the racoon, opossum, ^ mink, weasel, skunk, rice rat, and muskrat. A great variety of amphibians, turtle, and other reptiles (Table 2 7.1-4 and 2.7.1-5) use the streams and riparlan areas for a substantial portion of their life cycles. Table 2.7.1-6 presents acreages occupied by plant communities at the McGuire Site in 1963 and 1974. In 1963, construction and clearing of land for the McGuire Project had not begun. Approximately 80 acres of the site had been previously cleared for use as a borrow area during construction of Cowan's Ford Dam The borrow area site is included in the figure for 1963 cleared land in Table 2.7 1-6. Oak-Hickory Forest (SAF Type 52), Short-leaf Pine-Oak Forest (SAF Type 76) and Shortleaf Pine-Virginia Pine Forest (SAF Type
- 77) made up approximately 50 percent of the area.
At the present time, no Oak-Hickory Forest remains at the site. About 12 percent of the site is forested in Shortleaf Pine-0ak and Shortleaf Pine- q Virginia Pine Forest. These remnant: were timbered during the McGuire 71 clearing operations, and the remaining forest is dense second growth wood-land, with plentiful hardwood sprout growth and young pines. These areas are suitable habitat for small mammals and song birds. Marsh habitat is limited to the flood plain of the Catawba River. The total acreage is little changed from 1963 Construction of nuclear service water and waste water ponds has added 43 acres of small impoundments to the site, increasing habitat available for amphibians, certain reptiles, shorebirds and waterfowl. Approximately 100 acres of cleared land surrounding the plant may ultimately be planted to grass, ornamental shrubs and/or lobiolly pine plantations. Suitable habitat for small mammals and songbirds which inhabit forest edges or open fields will result, as well as evergreen cover for winter songbirds. No rare or endangered species of vertebrates or plants are thought to have occurred in the site area (USDI,1974 ; IN. C. Dept. Nat. and Econ. Res., 19732 ). However, since the McGuire site is located in an area that was q highly disturbed during construction of Cowan's Ford Dam, any rare or endangered 82 plant or animal species would have been displaced or eliminated, and studies at the plant site would be superfluous. The only rare or endangered species which may occur near the site is the Southern Bald Eagle. However, no substantiated observations have been recorded of these birds flying in the area or nesting near the station site. The site was highly disturbed when Cowan's Ford Dam was constructed and when construction was started on McGuire Nuclear Station. The area surrounding the site has long been under development for housing, farming, summer cottages, O. ER 2.7-3 Revision 2
l road constructing, etc., so that non-site disturbances represent a greater impact on the local fauna and flora than does the construct!a. at McGuire. Since the site disturbance is at its peak and since operation of McGuire Nuclear Station will have no impact on the terrestrial environs, no further non-radiological terrestrial work will be conducted. 2 q LITERATURE CITED IN 2.7.1 83
- 1. USDI 1974. United States IIst of endangered fauna. 22 pp.
- 2. North Carolina Department Natural and Economic Resources 1973 Preliminary list of endangered plant and animal species in North Carolina.
27 pp. O O ER 2.7-3a Revision 2 2
m 2.7.2 PHYTOPLANKTON The phytoplankton are small, usually microscopic, aquatic plants, non-mottle h or insufficiently motile to overcome passive transport by currents. As primary producers, they are important to the ecology of the lake by serving directly or indirectly as food for other aquatic organisms. 2.7 2.1 Phytoplankton Species of Lake Norman A phytoplankton species composition and important species list (Table 2.7.2-1) is from three sources: 1) A study of the plankton populations of Norman during the period September, 1968, through September, 19711 ; 2) monthly sam-ples taken from the Cowans Ford and Ramsey Creek areas for the period Febru-ary, 1973, through June, 19732 ; and 3) Duke's preoperational phytoplankton program initiated in September,1973 (Table 2.7.2-2). Chlorophyll a, an in- - dicator of standing crop, is given in Tables 2.7.2-3 and 2.7 2-4. The gen-eral characterization of the seasonal trends of the phytoplankton populations of Norman discussed here and in Section 2.7.2.3 are based primarily on Menhinick's study l . Further data from Duke's preoperational phytoplankton q 2 program regarding seasonal abundance and vertical distribution of phytoplank- 46 ton are provided in ER Tables 2 7 2-5 and 2.7.2-6. Norman is dominated by two classes of algae: Bacillarlophyceae (diatoms) and Chlorophyceae (green algae). Other classes present are Chrysophyceae (golden-brown algae), Cryptophyceae (golden-brown flagellates), Myxophyceae (blue-green algae), Dinophyceae (dinoflagellates) and Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae). Generally, maximum standing crops were reached during November through March of each year. The most marked increases followed lake overturn in the fall. Standing crops of most species declined rapidly in May and reached lowest densities in September. An exception to this trend occurred in 1973 when blue green algae (primarily Microcystis aeruginosa) appeared during the summer in concentrations dense enough to form wind-rows at the water surface. A more detailed characterization of the phytoplankton appears in 2.7 2.3 2.7.2.2 Important Phytoplankton Species important species of phytoplankton are indicated by an asterisk in Table 2.7.2-1. A species is considered important i f i t compr i se s a t least ten per-cent of the total phytoplankton population on a sampling date, either on the basis of cell numbers or biomass. Potential nuisance species are also con-sidered important. The list of important species is incomplete since the preoperational phytoplankton program was initiated in September, 1973 2.7.2.3 Phytoplankton Species Environment Relationships "The detailed consideration of the biology of lakes reasonably begins with the phytoplankton, for this assemblage of organisms constitutes the greater part of the photosynthetic producing level in all but the shallowest lakes. The whole rest of the biological community therefore depends to a very large extent on the planktonic plants."3 Through the process of photosynthesis the phytoplankton utilize sunlight as an energy source to create complex high energy organic compounds which are available to heterotrophic organisms. The rate at which organic material is produced from inorganic material is defined as primary productivity. Among the most important primary consumers ER 2.7-4 Revision 2
are the herbivorous zooplankton. Threadfin shad, gizzard shad and the post-m larval stages of most fishes also utilize phytoplankton as food. Phyto-plankton not consumed within the water column become a significant source of I
~
organic nutrients to the benthos. : Diatoms (Bacillarlophyceae) are perhaps the most important members of the fresh-water phytoplankton and in many lakes are the perennial dominants 3
- Found in a great variety of habitats, they are generally most successful at cool temperatures [below 30 C (86 F)]4 Cairns showed that in an unpolluted j stream the diatoms grew best at 18 to 20 C (64 to 68 F)5 Diatoms are numer- ,
Ically the most important group of phytoplankton in Norman. Highest standing crops of diatoms commonly occur in March, with January and May also having ; relatively high densitles. The most important centrate diatoms in Norman > are Melostra granulata var. angustissima, M. granulata, M. Italica, M. Italica var. alpigena, M_. Italica var. tenuissima and Cyclotella stelligera. Aster-lonella formosa, Tabellarla fenestrata, T_. floculosa, Synedra spp. and Fragliaria sp. are the most important pennate diatoms. The planktonic green algae (Chlorophyceae) species differ greatly in morphology l andecglogy. 6 Many green algal species have temperatu.e tolerances up to 35 C - (95 F) . This class contains the greatest number of species of any algal group , in Norman with most species attaining peak standing crops in November or ; January. The desmids, however, are most common from May through September. , Common green algae in Norman include Ankistrodesmus spp., Nannochloris sp., Nephrocytlum sp., Pediastrum spp., and Staurastrum spp. ! Blue green algae (Myxophyceae) present in the plankton of most fresh-water Q b/ lakes are usually abundant only during the warm months of the year 6. greens fluorish in warm and nutrient-rich water 3 There are, however, Blue-exceptions. Blue-green algae of eutrophic lakes generally bloom when the nutrient concentrations are lowest. At these times Inorganic phosphate is in a steady-state between uptake and various kinds of loss 7 Lean showed thataphytoplanktonpopulationkegtthesolubleInorganicphosphoruscon-centration as low as 0.09 pg/ liter . This indicates that bloom-forming blue-breen algae are extremely efficient in taking up low concentrations of phos-phorus7 Some blue green algae have the additional advantage in the ability to fix nitrogen. Other evidence indicates that low CO2 levels (especially in the presence of bicarbonates) limits extreme bloom forming species much less than other algae 7 In fact, Shapiro found that additions of CO2 favored the green algae in competition with the blue green species 9 Blue green algal blooms can give the water a pea-soup appearance with ob-Jectionable tastes and odors 10 During periods of calm, warm weather, immense surface blooms can interfere with reaeration of the deeper water by excluding light necessary for photosynthesis. These populations can also place an excessive oxygen demand on the water through the cells' respiration and decayII. Algal blooms in some lakes have released substances that are toxic to birds, livestock anrf fishl2 Primarily because of their shape and gelatinous texture, blue greens are a poor food source for primary consumers. Porter found that blue green algae are gen-erally unaDi s ted by grazing crustacean zooplanktonl3 O d ER 2.7-5 A
p The Myxophyceae of Norman was a minor constituent of the phytoplankton during f' Menhinick's studyl . Most.of those species attained their peak standing crops. during May. As stated previously, an exception to,this trend occurred in 1973 ; when blue green algae (primarily Microcystis aeruginosa) appeared during the summer in concentrations dense enough to form wind-rows at the water surface. The method of sample collection might be an explanation as to why Menhinick's - study revealed only low standing crops of blue green algae. The presence of gas vacuoles in the blue greens affords them the capacity to float to the water surface. Since Menhinick used a composite of samples taken at 6.0, 4.5, 3.0, 1.5, and 0 3 m depths, the blue green concentrations at the surface may have ! been masked by dilution from the lower depth aliquots. The pre-operational l study is designed to investigate the vertical distribution of phytoplankton , by taking discrete samples at 3 depths (0.3 m, mid-euphotic zone, and bottom ! of the euphotic zone). ; 2.7.2.4 Pre-existing Environmental Stresses - Phytoplankton During operation of Cowans Ford Hydro Station, a current is set up which draws principally from the epillmnion of Norman (see Section 2.5). This affects the , phytoplankton by discharging a portion of the lake's population into the river , below the dam. The approximate daily flow through Cowans Ford is 0.5 percent , per day of the lake volume or 1 percent per day of the epillmnion during thermal ' stratification. Similar portions of the phytoplankton populations will be harvested by the discharge through Cowans Ford. 1 Marshall Steam Station, located uplake of Cowans Ford, could be considered a f\ pre-existing environmental stress. Marshall has a skimmer wall which descends from the surface to an elevation of 213 m (700 feet) ms1. This allows only water below that level to be used for condenser cooling. Since photosyn-thesizing phytoplankton are most abundant in the euphotic zcne (always well i above elevation 213 m in Norman) one obvious effect of Marshall is to dilute j the concentration of phytoplankton immediately downstream from the discharge.
. When the temperature of the discharge is higher than the ambient water tem- :
perature,theratesgfphytoplanktonicphotosynthesiscanbestimulatedby these warmed waters l. However, a mile downstream, where discharge temperatures ! are reduced, the stimulation of the production rate is reduced. : 2.7.2,.5 Related Site Research l Following is a bibliography of completed, related research pertalning to Lake ; Norman, North Carolina. Menhinick, E. F. and L. D. Jensen. _in Press. Plankton populations. n l_n_: L. D. Jensen, ed; Environmental responses to thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina. Electric Power Research institute, Cooling Water Research Project (RP-49). Johns j Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. j Smith, R. A., A. S. Brooks, and L. D. Jensen. In Press. Primary reduct i cin. I In: 14 D. Jensen, ed. Envi ronmental responses to : thermal- discharges f rom IIarshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina. Electric l y Power Research institute, Cooling Water Research Project'{RP-49). Johns , ( Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. ER 2 7-6
Ongoing phytoplankton research related to Lake Norman, North Carolina. Weiss, C. M. Seasonal characterization of plankton populations of Lakes Norman, Mountain Island, Wylie and Wateree with particular reference to existing and proposed thermal discharges. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 9 ER 2 7-7 , i i
)
l LITERATURE CITED IN 2.7.2 ; f\ d 1 Menhinick, E. F. and L. D. Jenson. In Pre. s. Plankton populations, in: R. P. Koss, ed. Environmental responses to thermal discharges fro T Marshall Steam Station, . Lake Norman, North Carolina, Part 1. Elec- l tric Power Research Institute, Cooling Water Research Project (RP49), .j Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. ; 2 Weiss, C. 11. Univ. N. C., Chapel Hill, Project title: Seasonal charac- , terization of plankton populations in Lakes Norman, Mountain Island, Wylie and Wateree with particular reference to existing and proposed t thermal discharges. Progress Report for the Period February, 1973, through June, 1973 i 3 Hutchinson, G. E. 1967. A treatise on limnology. II. Introduction to lake biology and limnoplankton. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 1115 pp. 4 Patrick, R. 1969. Some effects of temperature on freshwater algae. ,
.Pages 161-185. n
_f._n.: P. A. Krankel and F. L. Parker, eds. Biological aspects of thermal pollution. Vanderblit Univ. Pr. Nashville, Tenn. 5 Cairns, J. 1956. Effects of increased temperatures on aquatic organisms. Industrial Wastes. 1(4): 150-152. 6 Sm i t h , G. ii. 1950. Freshwater algae of the United States. Second ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 719 pp. 7 Hutchinson, G. E. 1973. Eutrophication. American Scientist. 61(3): 269-79 8 Lean, D. R. S. 1973. PhosphuN: dynamics in lake water. Science. 179: 678-80. 9 Shapiro, J. 1973 Why blue-green algae? Science. 179: 382-84. 10 MacKenthun, K. M. 1969 The practice of water pollution biology. U. S. . D. 1.,F.W.P.C.A. 281 pp. Il Palmer, C. M. 1962. Algae in water supplies. U. S. D. H. E. W., P. H. S., Div. Wst. Sup. Poll. Con., Cincinnati. 88 pp. 12 Ingram, W. ii. , and G. W. Prescott. 1954. Toxic Fresh-water Algae.. Amer. Midland Naturalist. 52: 75-87 13 Porter, K. G. - in Press. Selective grazing and differential digestion of algae by zooplankton. Page 278, in: Hutchinson, G. E. 1973 Eutrophication. American Scientis E 61(3): 269-279 14 Smith, R. R., A. S. Brooks, and L. D. Jensen. In l'ress. Primary production i n_: R. P. Koss, ed. Environmental responses to thermal discharges s f rom tiarshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina, Part I. Electric Power Research Institute, Cooling Water Research Project (RP49), Johns Hopkins, Univ. Baltimore. ER 2.7-8
! 2.7.3 ZOOPLANKTON Zooplankton are primarily of limited motility even to the point of being incapable of overcoming currents and wind action. These microscopic animals occupy an intermediate level in the lake trophic structure. Some zooplank-ters are primary consumers (herbivores) feeding chiefly on algae and bacteria, whereas others are secondary consumers (carnivores) capturing and devouring i other zooplankton. Other aquatic organisms (e.g. fish, particularly fry and juveniles) feed extensively upon certain forms of zooplankton. 2.7.3.1 Zooplankton Species of Lake Norman 2 l Zooplankton Studies of 1969 through 1973 l l Ta bl e 2. 7. 3-1 lists the zooplankton species that were found in samples col-lected f rom Lake Norman, July through December, 1973 A three year study (1969, 1970, 1971) of plankton populations and their relationship to thermal discharges was conducted in Lake Norman, North Carolinal. Since the taxo-nomic identification of the Copepoda in this study was to the suborder level and most of the Cladocera were identified to the generic level, only general seasonal trends of these two groups can be assessed. The following discussion of seasonal trends is based on the raw data counts of three stations located nearest to the McGuire Nuclear StationI. Pronounced peaks of Copepod nauptli occurred in the spring of each year of the study and lowest numbers were present in the late summer and early fall. j Concentrations, ranged between 0.17 per liter in September, 1970, to 84i per liter in March, 1970. Cyclopoid copepods were most abundant (#/1) in the spring (March) of 1969, 1970, and 1971. Standing crops (#/1) were consis-tently lowest in July and September of each year. Calanoid copepod popula-tion pulses occurred in the spring of 1969, 1970, and 1971 and lesser pulses occurred in the fall of these years. Small standing crops (#/1) were gener-ally present during the summer months. Cladoceran seasonal abundance (Daphnia spp., Ceriodaphnia lacustris and Dia-phanosoma leuchtenbergianum) is based on general populat ion trends, since no individual species counts were made during the study l . The " typical" caldoc-eran seasonal periodicity of spring pulses and lower populations in summer and fall is evident in Lake Norman. Bosmina longirostris was most abundant in July (#/l) and May (#/l) of 1969 and 1971, respectively. This species typically exhibits a spring and a f all peak, however, correlation of seasonal abundance with temperature is not consistent 3 Littoral cladocerans of Norman have been identified from fish stomach contents, but have not been col-lected during regular zooplankton sampling. Modification of previous sampling techniques should result in establishing the relative abundance of the litto-ral cladocerans (i.e. Eurycercus lamellatus and Sida crystallina) and their l importance to the ecology of the fish fauna. The variability of rotifer standing crops during the study was too great to I allow a detailed discussion. However, a generalized annual trend of popula-tion pulses during the spring months, and smaller peaks during the fall was noted. 1 ER 2 . 7-9 Revision 2 L
Zooplankton Studies of 1974 O The data is supplied in the document entitled " Zooplankton Standing Crops for Lake Norman, 1974" submitted with Revision 2 to the McGuire Envi ronmental Report. Histogram summaries of Lake Norman zooplankton standing crops for 1974 are included (ER Figures 2.7.3-1 through 2.7.3-13). ER Figures 2.7.3-1 through 2.7.3-8 illustrate the rela-tionship between stations at selected dates whereas, ER Figures 2.7 3-9 through 2.7.3-13 illustrate temporal distribution at selected stations. Table 2 7 3-1A lists the zooplankton species that were found in samples collected from July, 1973, to December, 1974. Method Changes Three major changes were made in sampling methods during 1974. The pumping method for collecting discrete samples was discontinued in-April in favor of the Clarke-Bumpus sampling apparatus. Beginning in August the discrete sampling program was discontinued temporarily due to the loss of the Clarke-Bumpus sampler. Also, the use of a 1/2 meter Oceanographic plankton net with a # 20 mesh and equipped with a flow meter was initiated for the vertical tows, in place of the previously used Clarke-Bumpus. Discrete sampling was continued again in November, 1974 utilizing a Schindler Plankton Trap with a 30 liter capacity. Summary of Data by Station Q The standing crop data shows few major differences between stations 09 during 1974 but some trends are noticeable. Although the trend varies O by month, the standing crop levels generally increased from Station 2 up channel to Stations 11 and 13 (ER Figures 2.7 3-1 through 2.7 3-8). Stations 5 and 6, which are isolated in the Ramsey Creek arm of Lake Norman, often had higher zooplankton densities. Zooplankton standing j crops were frequently higher at Station 10, which is located in the Davidson Creek arm of the lake. Standing crop densities for Stations 3, 4, and 4.5 did not appear to follow any noticeable trend. There were little differences in zooplankton community composition between stations. Summary of Data by Depth in reviewing the tabulated data to discern any apparent vertical dis-tribution patterns, certain preliminary considerations should be made. At Station 1, for example, it should be kept in mind that the opera-tion of the Cowans Ford Dam hydros will have an effect on the popula-tion densities of zooplankton in the water column. ' Futhermore, the following analysis of seasonal vertical distribution patterns focuses on the samaling stations near the McGuire site. Some uplake stations have yielded data that suggest a distribution pattern that is the inverse of the pattern suggested for stations nearer the McGuire site. These uplake stations will not be influenced _ by the opeartion of McGuire and were therefore not included in this analysis. In February of 1974, Copepoda and Rotatoria were apparently more con-fy centrated between 10 meters and the surface, as evidenced by the ( ) higher number of organisms collected in 10 meter to surface tows as compared to bottom to surface tows (ER Figures 2.7.3-9 through 2.7.3-13, 2.7.3-1 and 2.7.3-2). However, the difference in standing ER 2.7-9a Revision 2 New Page
i i i crops at the various depths was not large in most cases. As shown ) in the supplied document entitled " Zooplankton Standing Crops for I Lake Norman, February 18, 1974", the increased populations between ; 10 meters and the surface were evident at Stations 1 and 2 for I copepods and at Stations 1, 2, and 3 for rotifers. This distribu-tion pattern is also shown in the supplied " Zooplankton Vertical Distribution in Lake Norman, February 19, 1974" for Station 1. High populations of certain rotifer species were found between the bottom and 10 meters, as the data for Polyarthra vulgaris reveals in the standing crop table. Cladocera standing crops in February varied considerably between the bottom to surface and 10 meter to surface tows, but the vertical distribution data revealed greater abundance near the surface at Stations 1, 4, and 8. Cladocera were twice as abundant at Station 2 in 10 meter to surface samples than in bottom to surface samples. Bosmina longirostris and Daphnia parvula were particularly concentrated in the shallower depths (10 meters to surface) at Station 2. Vertical distribution in May was similar to that found in February, but the patterns were more pronounced. Copepoda and Rotatoria were concentrated between 10 meters and the surface (ER Figures 2.7.3-9 through 2.7. 3-13, 2.7. 3-3 and 2.7. 3-4) . This distribution for copepods is shown for Stations I, 4, and 8 in the supplied document " Zooplankton Vertical Distribution in Lake Norman, itay 29, 1974". The standing crop table for May indicates that the densities of the Q rotifers, Polyarthra vulgaris and Synchaeta pectinata were greater 09 at the shallower depths, especially at Station 8. The vertical dis-tribution table supports standing crop data for these species at Stations 1 and 4 as well. The data f rom standing crop and discrete level samples reveal that Cladocera standing crops were also greater above 10 meters in May, notably at Stations 1, 2, and 3 August data, in the supplied standing crop table for August 27, 1974, indicated rotifer vertical distribution similar to that found in May (ER Figures 2.7.3-9 through 2.7.3-13, 2.7.3-5 and 2.7.3-6). Numbers of Rotatoria were higher near the surface at most stations, with Keratella crassa, Keratella cochlearls, and Synchaeta pectinata highly concentrated in the shallower tows at Stations 2 and 7 Copepod ver-tical distribution data again revealed higher population densities near the surface at most stations al though this was not true at Sta-tion 1. Cladoceran standing crops varied spatially too much to indi-cate a definite pattern. In November (ER Figures 2.7.3-9 through 2.7.3-13, 2.7 3-7 and 2.7 3-8) similar trends as found in May and August in rotifer vertical dis-tribution were found. Copepoda were generally concentrated between 10 meters and the surface. The standing crop table for November 25 and 26, 1974 indicates this pattern for the Copepoda, with nauplii and cyclopold copepodids most numerous at shallow depths. Rotatoria were again mostly above 10 meters, with Polyarthra vulgaris and Kera-tella cochlearls having noticeably higher densities in the upper portion of the water column at Stations 1 and 3 The copepod and rotifer distribution pattern suggested by the standing crop data, is l l ER 2.7-9b Revision 2 j New Page l
supported by the vertical distribution table for November 26, 1974 7 [h for Station 8, but the inverse is indicated for Station 1. Cladocera standing crop data for November. revealed that cladocerans were more concentrated in the shallower depths at some stations, whereas the l vertical distribution table for November shows too much variation -i for a pattern to be discernable. To surrmarize the trends suggested by the data, consideration of those j sampling stations near McGuire is emphasized. The results of both the standing crop and discrete depth data are included. Copepoda and Rotatoria occurred in slightly greater population densities ; between 10 meters and the surface during February, whereas this same pattern was much more pronounced during May and November. Rotifers , were more concentrated in the shallower depths in August and copepod l distribution showed a similar although less striking pattern. Cla- ! doceran standing crops were generally somewhat higher between 10 l meters and the surface during February, May, and November, although l cladoceran distribution varied greatly both spatially and temporally.- it should be emphasized, when considering the characteristic patchiness of zooplankton distribution, and the time of day that sampling is performed, that the vertical distribution patterns presented above r are generalizations suggested by the data and may reflect the inherent l variability associated with zooplankton communities. Summary of Data by Temporal Distribution f O The following discussion concentrates upon Station 1, which is located Q Just upstream from Cowans Ford Dam near the McGuire intake canal and 49 i lower level intakes; Station 4, located at the mouth of the McGuire i discharge; and Station 8, located at the confluence of the main channel i of the Catawba River and Davidson Creek. The trends observed at these t stations are generally applicable to the remaining portions of Lake Norman (see material supplied in document entitled " Zooplankton Standing Crops for Lake Norman,1974" submitted with . Revision 2 to the McGuire Environmental Report). ! Seasonally, zooplankton populations in Lake Norman during 1974 exhibited , relatively high standing crops in the winter with a peak in March; low summer densitles, with a siight pulse in AuoJst; an'd siightiy higher standing crops in the fall (ER Figures 2.7.3-9 through 2 7.3-13) . The-winter standing crops were dominated by the Rotatoria _at several sta-tions in January. In February, the Crustacea were dominant. The Cla- [ docera exhibited large abundances only during the winter months. Sta-tion 1 population densities pulsed with a peak of 185.9 organisms per -i liter in March (ER Figure 2.7.3-10). Similarly high ' population levels 178.0 and 142.5 organisms per liter were observed for Stations 4 and - 8, respect ively (ER - Figures 2.7.3-11 and 2.7.3-13) . All three major. taxa, Cladocera, Copepoda, and Rotatoria exhibited high population densities in March. After the March peak, the zooplankton standing , crops diminished through May and June to the low July densities, when there were only 8.6 orgpnisms per liter at Station 4 (ER Figure 2.7.3-II). In July, the Rotatoria began to increase in population density ER 2.7-9c Revision 2 New Page
compared to the Crustacea, and became the dominant zooplankters i n La ke No rman. In August and September, the zooplankton densities pulsed weakly at most stations and moderate population levels were maintained throughout the fall months, with the Rotatoria contin-ulng to dominate. Several major zooplankton species, both year around and seasonal, became apparent in Lake Norman in 1974. Diaptomus mississippiensis was the dominant calanoid copepod throughout the entire year and Bo sm i na longirostris was the dominant cladoceran. Other zooplankters also abundant at various times of the year were Diaptomus birgel, Daphnia parvula, Daphnia ambigua and Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum. The cyclopold copepod Tropocyclops prasinus was common with low densitles throughout most of the year. Large populations of Cyclops thomasi were found in the winter, whereas Mesocyclops edax appeared primarily in the late spring. The greatest amount of seasonal vari-ation was exhibited by the Rotatoria. Synchaeta pectinata was present in large numbers in January, and Trichocerca porcellus populations were slightly higher in February. Polyar thra vulgarls, Ke ra t ella cochlearls, and Keratella crassa were dominate in periods during the remainder of the year. Q Comparison to Past Zooplankton Sampling Efforts 49 The zooplankton sampling programs of July and September, 1973 as pre-sented in the McGuire Environmental Report, were primarily a prelimi-nery investigation to determine sampiing methods and to perform ini-tial zooplankton taxonomy determinations. July, 1973 zooplankton samples were collected using a water pump at discrete depths through the euphotic zone. Both the pump for discrete euphotic zone samples, and a Clarke-Bumpus sampler, for obilque tows were utilized in Sep-tember, 1973 July and September, 1973, as included in the McGuire Environmental Report, were the only past zooplankton sampling efforts. Therefore, due to a lack of substantial temporal 1973 data and the question of taxonomy, it is considered unsuitable to compare the standing crop data of 1974 to that of past zooplankton sampl ing ef forts. O ER 2.7-9d Revision 2 New Page
G ! 2.7.3.2 Important Zooplankton Species The copepod species listed in Table 2.7.3-1 are tentatively being designated as "important" species. A copepod species is considered important if it con-stitutes 10 percent of the total Copepoda in a sample at any time in the annual cycle. Some species, e.g. Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, do not appear in the tables of standing crops because they were found and identified in qualitative samples. The "important" species determinations are based on two collecting dates and it is expected that some of the copepods which were not abundant during the season that these collections were made will become more abundant as the seasons alternate. Since detailed annual data are not avail-able, some species, especially those attaining abundance in the spring may not have been collected and could become abundant in succeeding collections. i Bosmina longirostris and Holopedium gibberum represented 10 percent or more of cladoceran community in pumped samples collected in August and October, 1973 The samples collected in August and October were taken at a time when zooplankton populations were extremely low. During other times of the year, especially in the spring, population shifts will occur, and Daphnia parvula i and/or Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum may predominate. l It appears that littoral cladocerans such as Eurycercus lamellatus contribute to the diet of fish in Lake Norman, but are not detected in linnetic samples. The fisheries sampling program may help to establish the relative abundance of these littoral cladocerans of Norman, especially in relation to the ecology of the fish fauna. Important species and genera of rotifers collected in August and October, 1973, were Hexarthra mira, Ptygura libera, Trichocerca simills, Synchaeta pectinata, Keratella crassa, Ploesoma truncatum, and Polyarthra vulgaris. The composition and structure of the rotifer community varied considerably between stations (Tables 2.7.3-2 and 2.7.3-3) on the same collecting date. Many rotifers have a mean life span of approximately 10 days at 18 C (64.4 F) and 4-5 days at 29 C (84.2 F) to 35 C (95 F)3 This results in rapid turn-over rates of the populations. Identifying the "important" species is difficult and additional species may be designated "important" as the sam-pling program progresses. 2 7.3 3 Zooplankton Species Environment Relationships The copepods are primary consumers (herbivores) and secondary consumers (car-nivores). Calanoid copepods (Diaptomus mississippiensis, Diaptomus birgel) are generally considered primary consumers. They are chiefly filter feeders and appear to exhibit some selectivity in the size and kind of algae they ingest Z. Cyclopolds, being omnivorous, have the mouth parts modified for seizing and biting. Their diet consists mostly of unicellular plant and animal organisms as well as organ ~1c debris2. At natural population densities, Mesocyclops edax has been shown to selectively prey upon Dlaptomus cepepo-dites". In a laboratory study, Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi preyed exten-sively on copepods 5 It was also found that C.b. thomasi preyed most on its
~ ~ -
own nauptli and copepodids. Approximately 31 0 percent of the C.b. thomasi f nauplius standing stock were consumed by C_.b. thomas! copepodids TV, v, and adults. ER 2 7-10
Cladocera are generally classified as primary consumers 2 Algae and protozoa are the principal foods, but organic detritus of all kinds and bacteria are very important and commonly form the great bulk of material ingested by cladocerans. Some adult fish, (e.g. glzzard shad and threadfin shad) and the fry and Juveniles of most species feed on cladocera as a dietary source. Characteristically, rotifers are more abundant in lotic habitats, but they often become abundant in lakes and reservoirs. They are lar consumers feeding on phytoplankton, detritus, and bacteriaHowever, 3.gely some primary of the larger rotifers, (e.g. Asplanchna amphora) are omnivores, capturing and eating algae and animals smaller than themselves. 2.7.3.4 Pre existing Environmental Stress During times when the Cowans Ford Hydro is operating a substantial current is set up in the lake which draws water mostly from the epilimnetic zone of Lake No rman (see Section 2.5). This epilimnetic discharge may affect the zooplankton populations and standing crops in Norman by direct removal of zooplankton and removal of phytoplankton available for grazing by zooplank-ton. Based on lake volume and 200 day retention time, the estimated daily flow through Cowans Ford approximates 0.5 percent per day of the lake volume (above elevation 200 m) when the lake is unstratified, or 1.0 percent per day ! of the epillmnion during stratification. In a Missouri River Reservoir, it ; appeared that the standing crop of zooplankton was influenced by the water ] cxchangerate (flushing rate) ard by discharges of zooplankton from upstream basins . In another study it was demonstrated that the water exchange rate j must be greater than 18 days for significant development of zooplankton 7 ' The Marshall Steam Station, located upstream f rom McGui re on Lake Norman, may produce envi ronmental stress upon the zooplankton cormiunity. The thermal effluent may affect the reproductive rates, growth rates, egg development time, and physiological states and etc. (e.g. respiration, digestion) of res- ' ident zooplankters as they are transported down-lake toward McGuire. Another stress of Marshall may be the use of hypolimnetic water for cooling. During certain times of the year, especially when the lake is not thermally strati-fled, large numbers of zooplankters pass under the skimmer wall and through the cooling condensers of Marshall. The effects of entrainment, however, appear to be limited to the intake forebay and discharge canal areas 9. 2.7.3.5 Related Site Research The followino is a bibliography of completed zooplankton related research per-taining to Lake Norman, North Carolina: Davies, R. M. and L. D. Jensen. In Press. Zooplankton entrainment. ,I n : L. D. Jensen, ed. Environmental responses to thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina. Electric Power Research Institute, l Cooling Water Research Project (RP-49). Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. Menhinick, E. F. and L. D. Jensen. In Press. Plankton populations. M: L. D. Jensen, ed. Environmental responses to thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina. Electric Power Research Institute, Cooling Water Research Project (RP-49). Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. ER 2.7-11
t I
/x The following is a listing of ongoing zooplankton research related to Lake Norman:
Weiss, C. M. Seasonal characterization of plankton populations of Lakes ! Norman, Mountain Island, Wylie and Wateree with particular reference to existing and proposed thermal discharges. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Stavn, R. H. The effects of predation, competition, and high water tempera-ture on zooplankton populations in North Carolina Lakes, with particular emphasis upon the genera Daphnia and Diaptomus. University of North Carolina, Greensboro. r 4
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I r i t ER 2.7-12 l
LITERATURE CITED IN 2 7.3 1 Mehinick, E. F. and L. D. Jensen. 1973. Plankton populations. l_n_ n R. W. Koss (ed.). Environmental responses to thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina. Cool-ing Water Discharge Project (RP-49), Edison Electric institute. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. 2 Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water Invertebrates of the United States. The Ronald Press Co., New York. 769 p. 3 Hutchinson, G. E. 1967. A Treatise on Limnology. Vol. 11. John Wiley and Son's, Inc. New York and London. 1115 p. 4 Confer, J. L. 1971. Intrazooplankton predation by Mesocyclops edax at natural prey densities. Limnol and Oceanog. 16,(4) : 663-666. 5 McQueen, D. J. 1969. Reduction of zooplankton standing stocks by predaceous Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi in Marion Lake British Columbia. J. Fish Res. Bd. Can. 2,6_: 6 1605-1618. 6 Cowell, B. C. 1967. The Copepoda and Cladocera of a Missouri River reservoir. A comparison of sampling in the reservoir and the discharge. Limnol, and Oceanog. 12 (1) : 125-136. 7 Brook, A. J. and W. B. Woodward. 1956. Some observations on the effects of water inflow and outflow on the plankton of small lakes. J. Anim. Ecol. 25: 22-35. 8 Cushing, E. C., Jr. 1964. Plankton and water chemistry in the Montreal River lake - stream system, Saskatchewan. Ecology. 45: 306-313. 9 Davies, R. M. 1973. Zooplankton entrainment. M. R. W. Koss (ed) . Environmental responses to thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina. Cooling Water Dis-charge Project (RP-49), Edison Electric Institute. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. l 9 ER 2.7-13
2.7.4 PERIPHYTON Periphyton is the aquatic community which consists attached organisms and all associated organisms in the~ attached matrix Periphytic accumulation rates have been studied in relation to water quality : for other artificial and natural lakes.2-15 in those cases in which the periphyton comprise a major portion of the aquatic ecosystem, study may show direct changes in the-ecosystem. In , iiiose cases in which periphytic communities are limited, study may indicate ; changes in the ecosystem which affect other major aquatic communities. An undgrstanding of the present study will be aided by the following defini-tions: 1 " Productivity" is the potential ability of this aquatic com-munity to produce itself and form organic matter. j 2 " Production rate" is the equivalent of" rate of accumulation". 3 " Population turnover" represents the amount of time required , for the renewal of the community. , This study uses the production rate as a basis from which to draw conclu-sions about water quality. 2.7.4.1 Periphyton Annual Cycle of Lake Norman Comparisors of the periphyton production rates can be made at each station location through time. These comparisons must consider the meteorology, ; water chemistry, and other biological factors such as plankton for each of the locations. Since some or all of the above factors may differ between any two station locations at any point in time, comparisons be- l tween stations may only be considered subjectively. Data listed in Table 2.7.4 -1 show bimodal peaking at statior.s 3, 4 and 6. The spring peak i occurs during May with a dip during June and early July. The late summer peakbeginsinlateJulyandcontinuesthrgghAugustandSeptember. These , findings compare well with Weiss' results. insufficient data have been collected at stations 7 and 10 to establish any trends. Station 1 and the station at Cowan's Ford Dam (Station 8 in RP-49) show a peak in May v and June. However, the station at Cowan's Ford Dam gave evidence of a fall peak while station 1 did not. i
)
f O ER 2.7-14
2.7.4.2 Periphyton Environment Relationships The periphyton production trends shown by Weiss 15 are similar to those being presently studied. Levels of productiori to date have varied greatly f rom mid-winter minimums to the spring and fall maximums. These variations may be due to factors including light, temperature, nutrient availability and water currents. Light acting as an inhibitor for organisms near the water surface was suggested by Weiss.b in his summary, Weiss further states that " distinct seasonal ef fects on organic productivity are evident and related not only to the seasonal change in temperature but other variables such as nutrient distribution resulting from the natural process of lake stratification and overturn." It is important to remember that McGuire will have a hypolimnetic withdrawal during the summer and that discharge will be an important factor in distributing water of relatively high nutrient capacity to many areas of the lake within the mixing zone. Attached organisms in areas affected by the discharge will be exposed to these nutrients which may result in higher organic production. P roduction in a periphytic connunity entails two processes. One is attach-ment of new organisms and the other is the reproduction of organisms al ready attached. An inert unselective substrate such as plexiglas will not be altered by environmental variations while the ability of organisms to attach may. Environmental variations will affect the ability of organisms to reproduce themselves. One must also consider any substrate that may be altered by environmental variations. Such gsubstrate is Chara. Chara is a ma croscopic algae in the Chlorophyta division. Although Chara is characteristically found in hard water,l/ beds of Unis algae have been found near stations 3, 4, 6, 7 and 10 in Lake Norman, it grows at depths beyond those tolerated by emergent vegetation and it serves as a substrate for periphyton as well as habitat for many small aquatic animals. Relatively large numbers of benthic organisms have been collected in sweep net samples near Chara beds in Lake Norman. In his study on Sodon Lake, Newcombe linked high productivi ty and changes in species composition to the presence of Chara near his periphyton slides.4 The presence of Chara in , Lake Norman is therefore significant. l 1 O ER 2.7-15 1 l
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2.7.4.3 Pre-existing Environmental Stress - Periphyton Stress upon periphytic communities comes in several forms. Lake level j fluctuations, Figure 6.1.1 -3, due to the operation of Cowan's Ford and J Lookout Shoals Hydro Stations limit natural periphytic and benthic com-munities in the zone of fluctuation. , Part of the periphytic community would be destroyed by drawdown and that part not destroyed would be sub-Ject to fluctuations in solar radiation due to the varying depth of the water. Section 2.7.5.5 outlines an additional pre-existing stress resulting from the appilcation of oli for mosquito control which would effect the peri-phytic community. Shore erosion and siltation f rom cultivated fields and construction of homes affect the turbity of the water in Lake Norman and have a correspond-ing effect upon light penetration. This erosion, as well as timber cutting and domestic sewage, also affects nutrient concentrations in Lake Norman. Nutrients are important in the growth of the autotrophic portion of the periphytic community. Variations in nutrient concentrations may be reflected by variations in periphyton productivity. The operation of Marshall Steam Station adds to the heat load of Lake Nor-man and redistributes the nutrient load temporally and spacially. O 7 ER 2.7-16
2.7.4.4 Related Site Research Weiss studied periphyton in Lake Norman in relation to Marshall Steam Station f rom July,1967 through August, 1972. His report is cited below. Weiss, C. M. In Press. The ef fect of thermal discharge on the rate of accumu-lation of organic substances on glass surfaces immersed in Lake Nor-man. M: L. D. Jensen, ed. Environmental responses to thermal dis-charges from Marbsall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina. Electric Power Research Institute, Cooling Water Research Project (RP-49). Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. i O l l l 9 i ER 2.7-17
i LITERATURE CITED IN 2 7.4 O I Schwoe rbe l , J . 1970. Methods of Hydrobiology. Pergamon Press Ltd. , Oxford. 200 pp. 2 Sladeckova, A. 1966. The sign ficance of periphyton in reservoirs f for theoretical and applied limnology. Verh. Internat. Verein. ,j Limnol. 16: 753-758. ! 3 Sladecek, V., and A. Sladeckova. 1964. Determination of the periphyton -! production by means of the glass slide method. Hydrobiologia. ; 23: 125-158 - t i 4 Newcombe, C. L. 1950. A quantitative study of attachment materiais in
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Sodon Lake, Michigan. Ecology. 31(2): 204-215. ' 5 Sladeckova, A. 1959 AppIlcation of the glass' slide method to the ; periphyton study in the Slapy Reservoir. Inst. Chem. Techn., . , Faculty of Technology of Fuel and Water. 4(2): 403-434. l 6 Newcombe, C. L. 1949 Attachment materials in relation to water productivity. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc. 68: 355-361. l 7 Young, O. W. 1945. A limnological investigation of periphyton in Douglas Lake, Michigan. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc. 64(1): '1-20. h v 8 Foerster, J. W., and H. E. Schlicht1ng, Jr. 1565 Phyco periphyton in an oligotrophic lake. .Trans. Am. Micr. Soc. 84: 485-502.
.i j
t 9 Castenholz, R. W. 1960. Seasonal changes in the attached algae of l freshwater and saline lakes in the lower Grand Coulee, Washington. : . Limn. and Oceanog. 5(1): 1-28. !
~
10 Sladeckova, A. 1960. Limnological study of the reservoir Sedilce near- ! Zeliv. XI. Periphyton Stratification during'the second year-long i period (June,1957-July, 1958). Sci. Pap. Inst. Chem. Technol., ! Prague, Technol, of Water. 4(2): 143-261. 11 Olson, A and O. Odlang. 1972. Lake Superior Periphyton in relation'to j water quality. Office of Research and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Project No. 18050 DBM. P. 1-253 .1 12 . Weiss,-C. M. and F. G. Wilkes. 1966. Productivity of an impounded reservoir as determined by periphyton accumulation on glass surfaces. Proc. of the international Association of Scientific Hydrology, , Symposium of Garda. 1: 489-501. 13 Wetzel, R. G. 1964. A comparative study of the primary productivity of >{ higher aquatic plants, periphyton, and phytoplankton in a large -> shallow lake. Int. Revue ges Hydrobiol. 49(1): 1-61. ) O ER 2.7-18
, - = . . . .
14 Sladeckova, A., and V. Sladecek. 1962. Periphyton as indicator of the reservoir water quality 1. True periphyton. Sci. Pap. Inst. Chem. Technol., Prague. Technol. of Water. 7(1): 507-533 15 Weiss, C. M. In Press. The effect of thermal discharge on the rate of f accumulation of organic substances on glass surfaces immersed in Lake Norman. I n_: L. D. Jensen, ed. Environmental responses to thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North
- Carolina. Electric Power Research Institute, Cooling Water Re-search Project (RP-49). Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore.
16 Cronquist, A. 1961. Division Chlorophyta: Green Algae. Pages 133-154 in A. Cronquist, Introductory Botany. Harper and Row, New York. I 17 Whitford, L. A., and G. J. Schumacher. 1969 A manual of the fresh-water algae in North Carolina. The North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. 312 pp. O O ER 2 7-19
7
. 1 l
2.7.5 BENTH05 1 O In general, " benthos" refers to the community of organisms which lives on, )' in, or near the substratum of a body of water. Benthic organisms can be an important link in an aquatic food chain by utilizing algae or decaying organ- ' ic matter, and in turn providing food for larger consumers such as fish. 2.7.5.1 Benthic Species of Lake Norman The benthos of Lake Norman predominantly consists of Chironomid larvae, Chao-borus larvae, and aquatic Oligochaetes. These organisms are the characteris-tic dominants of established benthic populations in reservoirs. Other aquatic invertebrates are present in Norman but occur infrequently in samples. D i ve r- ; sity indices may nevertheless be high due to numerous species of Chironomids and relatively similar numbers of individuals for the species present. : A list of the benthic macroinvertebrates collected in 1973 and the sampling devices used is presented in Table 2.7.5-1. A total of 66 taxa (genus level or higher taxonomic categories) are reported. Of these, .L taxa were found I 1 in dredge samples, 51 in sweep net samples, and 25 in Hester-Dendy samples. , Dredge samples taken in 1973 indicated the highest density of organisms in ! fall and lower densities in summer, winter and spring (1567,1460, 760, and 210/m2/ station, respectively) (Tables 2.7.5-2,3,4, and 5). Sweep and Hester- > Dendy samples enhanced qualitative evaluation of the benthic community (Ta-bles 2.7 5-6 through 2.7.5-13) . Annual cycles of individual organisms are discussed in the life histories of important species (2.7.5.5). Sampling resul ts are presented in Tables 2.7.5-14 through 21, and Figures 2.7.5-1 and
- 2. In addition, a total of 70 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates from Lake NormanwerecollectydbyworkersfromJohnsHopkinsUniversityduringthe Period 1968 to 1971 (Table 2.7.5-22).
1974 data are presented in ER Tables 2.7.5-23 through 35. 1974 data are sum-marized with respect to stction depth, and time in ER Tables 2.7.5-36 through
- 41. Samples were taken in January, April, July, and October (1973), and. -
January, March, April, May, and June (1974). Densities were clearly higher in 1974 than in 1973 for all depth categories in January and April (ER-Tables l 2.7.5-41 and 42). 1974 results also indicated a positive correlation of , higher density and biomass with increasing depth; such a pattern was not evident from 1973 resul ts. The density and number of taxa of organisms was higher in 1974 than in 1973 for the months of January and April at nearly all i stations (ER Table 2.7.5-43). This possibly. indicates the' continuing devel-opment of benthic populations in a relatively young reservoir. 2 0 't Considering temporal trends in the available 1974 data alone, for all sta- 53 ; tions combined, the monthly mean density of organisms-(number per square meter) in Lake Norman ranged from a high of 1800 in April to a low of 1214 : in June. Similarly, the monthly mean biomass (milligrams per square meter) i in' Lake Norman ranged f rom a high of 3090 in April to a low of 837 in June ; (ER lables 2.7.5-36 through 40). ' 2 7 5.1.1 Benthos Monitoring at Marshall Steam Station The major conclusions of an earlier benthic study to determine ef fects of j thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station were that thermally influenced . 1 ER 2,7-20 Revision 2
r- ]. areas had a slightly higher standing crop biomass, and that in general, the thermal discharge f rom Marshall did not have any adverse effects on the benthos of Lake NormanI . In conj unction wi th Duke Power's Environmental Program on Lake Norman, ben-thos sampling has continued since January, 1973, at two of the original Marshall stations. These are Stations 4G (located in the Marshall discharge canal) and 6G, a control station about 5 miles, by water, from Station 4G (ER Figure 2.7.5-3). In Duke's sampilng program these stations have been re-named 14 and 12, respectively. Results of the earlier study were compared with Duke's 1973 and 1974 benthos results, to determine if any significant changes have occurred, which might have been effected by thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station. Quan-titative field methods were identical. Species lists, density of invertebrates (#/m2 ), and numbers of invertebrates collected with sweep net and Hester-Dendy's are presented in ER lables 2.7.5
-44 through 46. The number of samples, depths, temperatures, bottom types, and number and weights of organisms are summarized according to collection technique in ER Tables 2.7.5-47 through 49 Of all organisms collected in 1970 and 1971, 41% were Oligochaeta, 33% Chao-borus, and 24% Chironomidael . Of all organisms at Stations 12 and 14 in I?73 and 1974, 47.9% were Oligochaeta, 37.8% Chaoborus punctipennis, and 11.9%
2 Chironomidae (ER Table 2.7.5-50). In each period of study, 98% of all orga- Q nisms collected were species of Oligochaeta, Chaoborus, and Chironomidae. 53 Seasonal fluctuations in density of Chaoborus were quite erratic (ER Figures 2.7.5-4 and 5). Annual peaks at Station 14 were similar in 1973-74 to those in 1970-71. However, annual peaks at Station 12 appeared 3 to 4 times greater in 1973-74 than in 1970-71. One additional observation to be noted is that in the March-June, 1974 sam-ples at both stations, approximately 90% of the Chironomus larvae and 20% of the Procladius larvae were infected throughout the body with Nematodes. Nematodes were not noticed in other genera of Chironomids. The Nematodes have not been identified, and their distribution in the lake will not be , known until samples f rom additional stations are analyzed. It is possible ' that the Nematode infection of Chironomids has previously occurred, and may be common, but has not yet been reported. In general, the overall benthic community in the vicinity of Marshall Steam Station in 1973-74 appears relatively unchanged from the community in 1970-71. Oligochaetes Chaoborus, and Chironomids are still the dominant taxa and may be expected to continue as such. At Station 12, Chaoborus punctipennis was the dominant organism, making up over 59% of the total, followed by Oligochaeta 20% and Chiror,omidae 17%. At Station 14, Oligochaeta was dominant, making up over 76% of total numbers, followed by Chaoborus 16% and Chironomidae 7%. These differences between stations are most likely due to corresponding differences in substrate: Station 12 has a silty, organic bottom, while Station 14 is somewhat scoured and has a much sandier bottom. ER 2.7-20a Revision 2 I l New Page '
Biomass data are presented for 1973-74 sampl e s. Unfortunately, no comparI-O .2 sons can be made with 1970-71 samples because evidently weight determinations of invertebrates were never made. This would lead one to question the con-clusions of the earlier stud " ..... energy production (greater biomass Q 53 per unit area) increased"I. y: 2 7.5.2 Important Benthic Species Taxonomic categories of benthic invertebrates were ranked by the percent of the total number of invertebrates which they made up. Cumulative percentages were then calculated with all stations pooled for each sampling period. "Im-portant benthic species" were arbitrarily defined as those species which were most abundant and which were within the 90th cumulative percentage of the total number of organisms in one or more sampling periods. Important species are designated by two asterisks (**) (Tables 2.7.5-1 and 2.7.5-22) . Taxa . which are designated by a single asterisk (*) are those which, although not j as abundant, could be important as sources of fish food or as nuisance orga-l nisms (Tabl e 2.7.5-1) . Further discussion of important benthos is presented in Section 2.7.5.3 2.7.5.3 Species - Environment Relationships Gross factors which influence the abundance and distribution of benthic in-vertebrates include substrate for shelter or support, quality and availabil-ity of food, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and predation. The degree to which an organism will populate a given area depends upon how closely the
/" environment comes to providing optimal conditions, and to what extent the or-k n)
L ER 2.7-20b Revision 2 Carry Over i
y ganism can tolerate or adapt to various degrees and combinations of stresses. To describe the community roles and importance of invertebrates, the niche, development, and range of conditions favored by each individual type of or-ganism must be analyzed. 2.7.5.4 Life HJstories of important Benthic Species insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae Larvae of the Chironomidae, or true midges, are universally present as ben-thic inhabitants of all types of bodies of fresh water and often are an impor-tant fish food item. Chironomids usually feed on algae, higher plants, or de-tritus, although a few are carnivorous. Studies at other locations show that larvae of some species may occur in densities up to 50,000/m2 (4500/ft2),and swarms of adults can be pests 2. Seven species are considered to be important in Lake Norman. Chironomus attenuatus: Chironomus is a common indicator of organic pollution because it is tolerant of the low dissolved oxygen ' levels which result from decaying organic matter; high densities generally indicate enrichment and a high biological oxygen demand (BOD), but not necessarily the converse 3,4,5 This midge is a rapid colonizer in the sublittoral and profundal zones of newly impounded waters and may occur in the littoral zone of gutro phic lakes or in shallows where D0 is low and organic matter is abundant ',7. Numerous t species are associated with bottom deposits composed of muck and detritus. Chironomus is quite tolerant of elevated temperature, and has been reported to be present in the cooling pond of a British power station at 30 C (86 F)8 It was most abundant in winter samples of Lake Norman. Cryptochironomus fulvus: Cryptochironomus has been re subdominant form in Iittoral and sublittoral areas 5,6, ported as parallel and may an important the distribution of Chironomus but in lower numbers 3 Johannsen noted that most of the larvae are predaceous10, so one possible limiting factor could be food. This organism is also tolerant of eutrophic conditions and elevated tempera-tures, and has been found at 34 C (93 F)ll. Procladius adumbratus; Procladius culciformes: As with Chironomus, Proclad-lus responds well to enrichment and low 00 and is frequently dominant in the sublittoral and profundal zones, replacing Chironomus as the benthic communi-ty stabilizes 3,5,7,12 Procladius was dominant in the sublittoral and pro-fundal zones of Belews Lake, N. C.13 Immature stages are very active, and the predaceous larvae hibernate when half grown 10 In Wisconsin Lakes, num-bers of Procladius larvae were negatively correlated with organic matter in the mud substrate, and positively correlated with pH of the mud and maximum mud temperaturel4 In Lake Norman, Procladius densities were greatest in winter, but were quite high in spring and summer as well. Coelotanypus sp_: Coelotanypus is a widespread genus in the southern U. S., and its nortFern distribution may be limited by temperaturesl5 Coelotanypus is tolerant of eutrophic conditions and low D0, and is characteristic of the subilttoral and profundal zones. In general, its ecological requirements are similar to those of Procladius, although Coelotanypus may not be as abundant 3,lb. ER 2 7-21
v of some species are quite large and may be important food items for I Tanyta rsus ,sp,: Tanytarsus is well known as the dominant chironomid genus of ! oligotrophic lakes and generally of well-aerated waterl2 Compared to Chir- { onomus, Cryptochironomus, Procladius, and Coelotanypus, which are considered j tolerant chironomids, Tanytarsus is relatively intolerant to eutrophic cond1- j tionsl5 Tanytarsus has been reported as a secondary colonizer 16 and common in the sublittoral and profundal zones in North Carolina 3, but it is not usu-ally found in the profundal zone of reservoirs 5,12 They are also common in lotic conditions where substrates are composed of sand, muck, and detri-tus l7 Tanytarsus dissimills, acclimated to 2 C (3F.6 F), withstood a 14 C (25.2 F) temperature increase under laboratory conditions, where it had a 30 to 40 day life cycle at 16 C (60.8 F) and emerged year-aroundl8 We found Tanytarsus in Norman in Spring dredges at 9 to 11 m (28 to 34 ft.) and in Sum-mer sweep net samples at less than I meter. Stictochironomus divinctus: Stictochironomus has not yet been abundant in the applicant's benthic samples of Norman, but it was an important chironomid > In an earlier benthos studyl. Stictochironomus is moderately tolerant of eu-trophic conditions; it is more tolerant than Tanytarsus, but less tolerant than Chironomus, Cryptochironomus, Procladius, or Coelotanypus15. Insecta: Diptera: Cu11cidae p The Culicidae are commonly divided into two subfami!!es: Culicinae and Chao-Q borinae. Culicinae includes the true mosquitoes, which are significant as pests and often important in transmitting diseases2,19 Most mosquito larvae feed on algae, protozoa, and detritus, and are often abundant enough to be a major food item for fish and predaceous insects 2,19 In Norman, the larvae have not been found in the benthos but some adults have been captured by , sweep nets near the shore in summer. The second subfamily, Chaoborinae, are > known as phantom midges. These are distinguished from mosquitoes by having a shortg9,roboscis bite 2, and by not feeding as adults, while many female mosquitoes Chaoborus punctlpennis: Chaoborus punctlpennis is a common phantom midge and numerically is one of the most important benthic organisms in Norman, it is a rapid colonizer, associated with Chironomus and Procladius l2, and dominat-2 IngthegrofyndalzoneofNorthCarolinalakesindensitiesupto10,800/m (1000/f t )3* '2 Monthly and year-to year fluctuations a ,20 wouldbedifficulttopredictdensitiesatanyonetimel{ecommonandit The 1st and 2nd instars are entirely planktonic and predaceous on microcrustacea 21 The 3rd and 4th instars are benthic by day (when light intensity is greater than ' 244 lux 22) and pelagic by night. All instars are carnivorous and they may be effective in controlling pelagic zooplankton. Dobson attributed 90% of. zoo-plankton mortality to Chaoborus23. Chaoborus populations, in turn, can be affected by piscivorous predators. They may also be limited by current, temp-erature, s11tation, or food 7 Since numbers of Chaoborus have been negative- , lycorrelatedinSummerwithmaximumtemperatureofthemudandwithdissgiv-ed oxygen, they would be expected to occur in lakes having a thermocline l .
!9 In addition to vertical migrations, Chaoborus have been known to migrate from V
l l ER 2 7-22 ) 1 a
the profundal zone to the littoral zone in Spring and again prior to emer-gence; they may migrate to deeper water in Autumn 2,12,24,25 In Lake Norman Chaoborus were most abundant in Summer, with Fall, Winter, and Spring follow- , ing in' descending order (Figure 2.7.54). This may be~due to the seasonal change in distribution just mentioned. j insecta: Trichoptera Po l ycen t ropu s _s_p_. : Polycentropus is a caddis fly of the famlly Psychomylidae and is common in marshes, lakes, ponds, and streams of all types. Polycen-tropus is a relatively intolerant organism, as are most caddis fly larvae, and would be expected to have a littoral distribution in lakes. In North Carolina they have been found in Lake Wylie on Hester-Dendy samplers in the littoral zone 7. Insecta: Ephemeroptera Caenis sy,.: Caenis is a mayfly in the family Caenidae and is common year-around in a wide variety of habitats, including stagnant marshes, ponds, dit-ches, and moderately fast water of streams 26 It is one of the most tolerant mayflies to organic pollution, and is medium tolerant relative to benthic or-ganisms as a whole. It is also tolerant of water level fluctuations 27, a M was important in colonizing littoral zones of North Carolina lakes where de-tritus was abundant 3. Hexagenia sy_.: Hexagenia is a burrowing mayfly and may occur in streams and lakes of all sizes which have silt bottoms and dissolved oxygen present throughout the year 28 Due to their large size (20 to 29 mm as mature nymphs) they can be very important as food items, and have been reported as an in-creasingly predominant taxon (by numbers and weight) in reservoirs as the ben-thic community stabilizes 6,29. Substrate type is the most important factor influencing Hexagenia distribution 30 Mud is the ideal subtrate; up to 30% sand with 70% marl is favorable, 50% sand and 50% marl allows burrowin with difficulty,andwith65%ormoresandthenymphsareunabletoburrow3g. Young of the year are commonly found on sand overlain by a thin mud layer, and they migrate to deeper water and softer bottoms as they grow. Distribu-tion and density of nymphs ar' ilso limited by aquatic vegetation wh interferewithburrowingorw.thflowofwaterthroughtheburrowi0,3lchmay . Hex-agenia are very hardy and survive low DO levels but may be driven from the bottom mud or even die in large numbers if oxygen is completely depleted 32, in general they are not limited by depth itself, and can occur in equal num-bers in shallow water and deep water, at least to 25 m (83 ft)30.33 They have been limited to lake margins by stratification and low D0 29 but have also - been reporgedTheir at higher densitles in deep (over 4 m or 13 f t) rather than shal-l low water 3 normal response to drawdown is a migration to deeper wa-l ter 29 Hexagenia has the potential for a very short Ilfe cycle, and one effect ( of elevated temperature on Hexagenia is to increase their rate of development. Hexagenia had a 2 year life cycle in lakes where the summer temperature was 15.5 to 23.3 C (60 to 74 F) (Manitoba, Canada), a 1 year life cycle where sum-j mer temperatures were 21.1 to 32.2 C (70 to 90 F) (Southern Michigan), and as i short as a 6-month Ilfe cycle under laboratory temperatures of 26.6 to 32.2 C (80 to 90 F)30 No upper lethal temperature was noted. Rapid development of ER 2.7-23
I Hexagenia has the potential for increasing benthic biomass and annual produc-O tion in areas with mild winters, but could be a significant mortality factor. + If the ambient air temperature proved to be lethal at the times of early i emergence l8 _j Bryozoa: Plumate111na: Lophopodidae .. i Bryozoans are colonial organisms and are commonly termed moss animals. About 14 fresh water species exist in Nortt 4merica and are frequently-found in ' calm ponds and backwaters where there is aquatic vegetation.and sunken logs or rocks 2 Bryozoans are relatively intolerant of slitation, D0 below 30% ; saturation, acid waters, extreme temperatures and po11ution .2 Large colonies ' or high numbers of colonies may be a nuisance in summer, and can stop water lines and pipes or clog intake screens and grates of hydroelectric plants 2,35 [ They are an unimportant food item for most macroinvertebrates and fish,~but l may provide a good food base for microorganisms such as cillates and rotifers ! and protected habitat for some Chironomlds2, , Pectinatella magnifica: Pectinatella is most frequently found in standing j water but may also occur in mildly lotic situations. It is usually most a- ] l bundant in mid to late summer and starts to die off in fall when the water i ! temperature drops below 16 C (60.8 F). Statoblasts of Pectinatella have been- [ l collected at all stations in Lake Norman and in dredge, sweep net, and Hester- ' Dendy samples. Anne 11da: 011gochaeta: Naididae, Tubtftcidae - O Aquatic oligochaetes, or earthworms, are common in mud and detritus sub- ' strates of ponds, lakes, and streams. They may occur on aquatic vascular ; plants or with algae, but usually do not exhibit any type of habitat prefer- i encewithrespecttophysico-chemigalparameters,plantassociations,orany other obvious ecological criterla3 Feeding is basically by ingestion of i the substrate, and may. take place at depths of 10 to 20 cm (3.9 to 7.8 in.)' ' or more in the mud. Nevertheless, access to the mud-water interface is nec-essary for respiration, which occurs through the body surface 2. Populations , may be reduced by severe pollution, extended absence of oxygen, and elevated ! temperature, but they usually recover quickly36 The two major families in ' Norman were Naldidae and Tubtficidae. Naididae: 011gochaetes in this family were not identified below the family' i level. In general, the ; Hester-Dendy samplers They 3.y are littoral also and are'often are found collected in the internal as ep1 cavities of fauna on ! freshwater sponges as commensals2 . Naldidae characteristically have a pair e of eyespots and are composed of 7 to 40 segments. , Aulodrilus'limnobius; A_. pigueti; 11yodritus templetoni; Limnodt11us hoff- [' meisteri; L. sp_.: These worms are all tubificids and in contrast.to Naldidae,. are mostly tube dwelling burrowers composed of from 40 to 200 segments. They-tend to prefer. lentic (still-water) conditions, but:may be found in severely polluted lotic (flowing water) situations. Tubificids are often abundant in , organically polluted water due to lack of competition for food and living space with. intolerant benthos. Absence of worms from an area may indicate j ER 2 7-24 ; I i
the presence of toxic substances such as heavy metals 36 Usually tubtficids are extremely tolerant of low D0 and have reportedly survived anaerobic con-ditions for 48 days at 0 to 2 C (32 to 35.6 F) and for 9 days at 18 to 20 C (64.4 to 68.0 F)37 Oligochaetes have been reported along with chironomids as the most abundant benthic organisms in reservoirs, at densities up to 15,000/m2 (1350/f t2)38 Limnodrilus is a common tubificid in highly pol-lutedegnditionsandisarapidcolonizerinlittoralandprofundalzonesof lakes3 ' 9 Mollusca: Pelecypoda: Corbiculidae Pelecypoda refers to clams and mussels, all of which are aquatic bivalves and which occur in nearly all types of freshwater systems, particularly in shal-low water. They feed and respire by siphoning water through their mantle cavity and into the gill chambers, where plankton and detritus are filtered out and where most gas exchange probably occurs 2 . The growing period is usu-ally from April to September, and may depend on temperature, food, water chemistry, and current. Small pelecypods may be an important fish food item, and larger clams can be eaten by turtles and some mammals. Shells of many mussels have been of economic importance in the button industry. Bare rock bottoms, soft muds, and shifting sands are usually unsuitable for bivalves, and the preferred substrates include varying degrees of stable sand and grav-el. Corbicula s2.: Corbicula is a small asiatic clem, usually 25 to 50 mm in length. It is native to the Orient and was first noticed in the United States in the Columbia River, Washington, in 193835 It has since spread southward to California and across the country to the Southeast. Corbicula was first noted by the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1957 near Pgu* ah, Ken-tucky, and now inhabits the entire length of the Tennessee River I. Adult r clamscanusuallyberecognizedbydistinctiveconcentrig5.ggsontheouter shell, but in general the species are extremely variable . Spawning is heavieg3t from late Spring The clam to early and is monoecious Fall has at water temperatures a high reproductive above capacity. 18 C Ad-(64 F) uitpopulationscanbuilduprapidlyynlakesandstreams,andmayreach densities up to 65,000/m2 (6000/ft2) , corbicula have an organ called a byssus which allows for attachment to numerous substrates while they are live small;theycangrgeonstable,coarsesediments,butmayormaynot in silt deposits '
. Corbicula are o ant of low dissolved oxygen but will not survive anaerobic conditions '
The veliger larvae are plankton-ic filter feeders and have easy access to most water intakes. Corbicula can rs heavilyinfesthydroinstallations,foulcgndgnsg2,4gt celerate lake or canal sedimentation rates 0, 1, steam plants, and Accumulation of ac-shells can also be a problem for sand and gravel companies35 The clams can, h however,beutilizedasfooditemsforfigMI.and nomic importance in supporting a fishery 3 may Wherebemineral of significant silts areeco- a ma-Jor food source reduction or elimination of mineral sediments would decrease the number of Asiatic Clams 44 Possible control measures in industrial water suppliesincludemanglremoval,andchlorinationat0.5to1.0ppmforat least 3 week periods e 3 Although very few Corbicu'a have been collected in Norman benthic samples, they are known to occur in the lake and may become a significant pest in the future. ER 2.7-25
2.7.5 5 Ecological Succession Components of the benthos of streams and of lakes are generally quite dis-tinct, but may overlap. The stream organisms which are tolerant of lentic conditions can provide the initial base for colonizing newly impounded wa-ters. Initial colonization of lakes may also be significant from aquatic forms with short life cycles and mobile, winged adults. Various Chironomids, 011gochaetes, and Chaoborus frequently dominate the benthos of large lakes. In time, other organisms may invade the lake and populations will shift ac-cordingly, as noted for some invertebrates in Section 2.7.5 3 In the ten years since Lake Norman was impounded, the benthos should have developed into a relatively stable community. Nevertheless, additional changes will occur, complementing changes in physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the lake and allowing organisms which are best suited to the given conditions to dominate. Summarization of benthic samples taken in 1973 shows seasonal changes In density and diversity of organisms at all stations in Lake Norman (Tables 2.7.5-18,19,20 and 21). Figure 2.7.5-1 features seasonal changes at all stations in density of five of the most abundant benthic organisms. . Con-tinuing surveillance of the benthos will reveal any future changes in the benthic community. 2.7 5.6 Pre-Existing Stresses The benthos of Lake Norman may be affected by pre-existing stresses from four basic sources. First to be considered is the periodic fluctuation of the lake level within a maximum drawdown of 4.5 m (15 f t). The percentage of de-O crease in the lakes' surface area would be 10.5%, 20.2% and 29.1%, with 1.5, 3, and 4.5 m (5, 10, and 15 ft) drawdowns, respectively. winter drawdown of 3.6 m (12 f t) (Section 2.5.3 2),and assuming that the per-With an average centage of bottom area exposed is approximately equal to the percentage of lake surface area lost, almost 25% of the lake bottom will not support a per- ! manent population of benthic invertebrates. Drawdowns could preclude success- 1 ful benthic colonization of all areas recurrently exposed. Exposure of lake substrates will result in a loss of sessile benthos and a possible concentra-tion of some mobile organisms by the receding water. A major effect of this concentration could be higher mortality of benthic organisms due to intensi-fled competition for food and space, and heavier predation. The second pre-existing stress is the Marshall Steam Station. Thermal dis- q b chatgeshavg7.eenshowntonegativelyaffectbenthicpopulationsinthedis-charge cove Use of low D0 hypo 11mnetic lake water for cooling could also - be a mortality factor for some organisms in the discharge cove .in summer.- In l winter, from the concentration of fishes in the cove, one could assume greater j stress from predation, and a corresponding drop in benthos. A third pre-existing stress is input of sediments frora erosion of shorelines, construction activities, and residential development. Sediments can be re-sponsible for reducing food available for benthic _ organisms by burying organ-ic matter on the bottom. Silt deposition can also blanket favorable sub-strates and limit benthic survival to organisms tolerant of these conditions, such as various Diptera larvae and aquatic 011gochaeta, in addition, suspen-sion of fine sediments can interfere with gas exchange of some gilled inver-O tebrates. Decreased light penetration from high turbidity will limit plank-ER 2.7-26 J l
'i
i i ton production, resulting in fewer dead cells and organisms falling out and a corresponding decrease in available benthic food. The for th pre-existing stress on benthic invertebrates is the application of oil to shoreline areas of Norman. The impact of this oil treatment on the benthos of Lake Norman has rot been determined. Duke's Environmental Health manager is required to control mosquitoes in the lake. The method which is being used to achieve this control is approved by the North Carolina Board of Health and the 11. 5. Environmental Protection Agency, and consists of in-termittent sprayir.g of Ko. 2 fuel oil in quiet coves which are potential mosquito breeding areas. Approximately 1200 gallons of oil per week are applied during the 32-week season (March through October) of continuous appli-cation. The oil is considered non-toxic to fish or man, but is effective in killing mosquito larvae. These larvae need contact with air at the water's surface and are unable to " breathe" when oil is present, in addition to mosquitoes, other invertebrates which frequent the surface (e.g. some Hemiptera, Coleoptera, etc.), as well as all immature forms which will emerge (e . g . Diptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, etc.), will be subject to possible lethal or sub-lethal effects resulting from contact with the oil. Oil films on Norman usually dissipate through volatilization or emulsion within two or three days. Emulsified oil can become tied up in bottom sediments and may affect organisms on or in the substrate. In studies of oil products in streams, the entire benthic community was adversely affected, and a Black Hills stream took three years for full biological recovery 48, 49, 50 Lentic (still-water) situations could be more seriously affected by petroleum products because they lack the flush-cleansing ability of streams. The ef fects of oil treatment on the benthic community of Norman will be evaluated and compared with the ef fects of McGuire's heated effluent by the use of untreated (no-oil) control coves both before and after heat additions. 2.7.5.7 Related Site Research A previous benthic study of Lake Norman has been published I. 2 There is no ongoing benthic research on Lake Norman other than that being conducted by Duke Power Company. O ER 2.7-27 Revision 2
E i J
'i LITERATURE CITED IN 2.7.5 Li 1 Jensen, L. D. 1974. . Environmental responses to thermal discharges 2 from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina. !
Electric Power Research Inst. 235 pp. I 2 Pennak, R. W. 1953 Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. f The Ronald Press Company, New York. 769 pp. ( l 3 Weiss, C. M., D. E. Francisco, and D. R. Lenat. 1973 Preimpoundment l studies: Falls Project. Univ. of N. Carolina _ Chapel _ Hill, ESE '
#328. 205 pp.
i 4 Gaufin, A. R. and C. M. Tarzwell. 1956. Aquatic macroinvertebrate- i communities as indicators of organic pollution in Lytle Creek. t Sewage and Industrial Wastes. 28(7): 906-924. ~! 1 5 Patterson, C. G. and C. H. Fernanda. 1969 The macroinvertebrate ; colonization of a small reservoir in eastern Canada. Verh. Int. ! Ver. Limnol 17: 126-136. ~: 6 Burris, W. E. 1952. The bottom fauna of a newly constructed pond in 1 central Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 129-137 i 7 Lenat, D. R. and C. M. Weiss. 1973 Distribution of benthic macroin- t vertebrates in Lake Wylle, North Carolina - South Carolina. -Univ. ! of N. Carolina - Chapel Hill. ESE #311. 75 pp. 8 Markowski, S. 1959 The cooling water of power stations: a new factor- ! in the environment of marine and freshwater invertebrates. J. Anim. ; . Ecol. 28(2): 243-258. l l 9 Sublette, J. E. 1957 The ecology of the macroscopic fauna in Lake l Texoma (Dennison Reservoir),. Oklahoma and Texas. Amer. Midl. Nat. j 57(2): 371-393 '
- 10. Johannsen, O. A. 1969 Aquatic Diptera. Entomological Reprint Spe- I clalists, Los Angeles, California.
11 Jensen, L. D., etal. 1969 The effects of clevated temperature upon aquatic invertebrates. Edison Electric Institute, New York. Publ.- 69-900. ; i 12 Mundle, J. H. 1957 The ecology of Chironomidae In storage reservoirs. . Trans. Royal. Ent. Soc., London. 109: 149-233 :l t 13 Weiss, C. M., D. E. Francisco and D. R. Lenat. 1973 PrelmpourJment l
~
studies: Randleman Project. Univ. of.N. Carolina - Chapel Hill,
' l ESE #327, 174 pp. '
l, I ER 2 7-28 Revision'2 ! 1 1 I
14 Hilsenhoff, W. L. and R. P. Narf. 1968. Ecology of Chironomidae, Chaoboridae, and other benthos in fourteen Wisconsin lakes. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61)5): 1173-1181. 15 Brinkhurst, R. O., A. L. Hamilton and H. B. Herrington. 1968. Com-ponents of the bottom fauna of the St. Lawrence, Great Lakes. Gr. Lakes inst., Univ. of Toronto #PR33 50 pp. 16 Nursall, J. R. 1952. The early development of a bottom fauna in a new power reservoir in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 30: 387-409 17 Curry, L. L. 1954. Notes on the ecology of the midge fauna (Diptera: Tendipedidae) of Hunt Creek, Montrorency Co. , Michigan. Ecology 35(4): 541-550. 18 Nebeker, A. V. 1971. Effect of high winter water temperature on adult emergenre of aquatic insects. Water Research 5: 777-783 19 Usinger, R. l. 1971. Aquatic insects of California. Univ. of Cal. Press, Los Angeles, California. 508 pp. 20 Borutsky, E. V. 1939 Dynamics of the total benthic biomass in the profundal of Lake Belote. Arb. Limnol . Sta. Kossino. 44: 196-218. 21 Larow, E. J. and G. R. Marzolf. 1970. Behavioral differences between 3rd and 4th instars of Chaoborus punctlpennis Say. Amer. Midl. Nat. 84(2): 428-436. 22 Chaston, I. 1969 The light threshold controlling the vertical migra-tion of Chaoborus punctlpennis in a Georgia impoundment. Ecology 50(5): 916-920. 23 Dobson, S. J. 1972. Mortality in a population of Daphnia rosea. Ecol-ogy 53(6): 1011-1023 24 Scott, W. and D. F. Opdyke. 1941. The emergence of insects from Winona Lake. Invest. Indiana Lakes. 2: 3-14. 25 Wood, K. G. 1953 The bottom fauna of Louisa and Redrock Lakes, Algon-quin Park, Ontarlo. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 82: 203-212. 26 Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1970. Key to genera of Wisconsin Plecoptera (stone-fly) nymphs,Ephemeroptera (mayfly) nymphs, and Trichoptera (caddis-fly) larvae. Wis. Dept. Nat. Res. Tech. Rept. 67 68 pp. 27 Hynes, H. B. N. 1961. The effect of water level fluctuations on lit-toral fauna. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 14: 652-656. 28 Erickson, C. H. 1968. Ecological significance of respiration and sub- , strate for burrowing Ephemeroptera. Can. J. Zool. 46: 93-103 O ER 2.7-29 L
29 Swanson, G. A. 1967 Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of Hexagenia nymphs (Ephemeroptera) in a Missouri River reservoir. Ecology. 4B: 216-225 30 Hunt, B. P. 1953 The life history and economic importance of a burrow-Ing mayfly, Hexagenia ilmbatica, in southern Michigan lakes. Mich. Dept. Cons., Bull. Inst. Fish. Res. #4. 151 pp. 31 Surber, E. W. 1954. Bottom fauna survey on three Mississippi River sloughs in Pool 6, May 26-27, 1953 Proc. Upper Miss. R. Cons. Comm. 10: 36-39 32 Winona State College. 1970. Mayfly distribution as a water quality in-dex. U. S. Envir. Prot. Agency, Water Poll. Contr. Res. Ser. 16030 DQH 11/70. 39 pp. 33 Craven, R. E. and B. E. Brown. 1969 Ecology of Hexagenia nalads (Insecta-Ephemeridae) in an Oklahoma reservoir. Am. Midl. Nat. 82: 346-358. 34 Klaasen, H. E. and G. E. Marzolf. 1971. Relationships between distri-butions of benthic insects and bottom feeding fishes in Tuttle Creek Reservoir. Pages.385-395 h: G. E. Hall ed., Reservoir fisheries and limnology. Amer. Fish. Soc., Spec. Publ. 8.
.35 Sinclair, R. M. 1964. Clam pests in Tennessee water supplies. J. Amer.
Water Works Assoc. May: 592-599 36 Brinkhurst, R. O. and B. G. M. Jamieson. 1971 Aquatic 011gochaeta.of the world. Univ. of Toronto Press. 860 pp. . 37 Dausend, K. 1931. Uber die atmung der Tubificiden. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 14: 557 38 Krzyzanek, E. 1971. ' Bottom fauna in the Tresna Dam Reservoir in 1966.
' Acta Hydrobiol. 13(3): 335-342.
39 Helinikov, G. B. 1959 The establishment of the biological regime of Simferopol Reservoir. Trudy VI. Sovesh. Po. Probi. Biol. Vnutr. Vod. Leningrad., p 459-469 40 Anonymous. 1968. TVA's division of power production experience with Asiatic Clams - Corbicula. Manuscript. 3 pp. 41 Isom, B. G. 1971. Effects of storage and mainstream reservoirs on benthic macroinvertebrates in the Tennessee Valley. Pages 179-191 h: G. E. Hall, ed., Reservoir fisheries'and limnology. Amer. Fish. Soc., Spec. Publ. 8. 42 Sinclair, R. M. 1970. Corbicula variation and Dreissena parallels. Presented to 36th Ann. Meeting Amer. Malacological Union, Key 6 West, Florida. ER 2.7-30 l l, h
43 Isom, B. G. 1971. Evaluation and control of macroinvertebrate nuisance organisms in freshwater industrial supplies. Midwest Benth. Soc., ' 1971 Ann. Meeting, Not i Dame, Indiana. (abst ract ) . 44 Prokopovich, N. P. and D. J. Hebert. 1965 Sedimentation in the Delta-Mendota Canal. Journ. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 57 (3): 375-382. 45 Fast, A. W. 1971. The invasion and distribution of the Asiatic Clam (Corbicula manilensis) in a southern California reservoir. Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 70(2): 91-98. 46 Sinclair, R. M. and B. G. Isom. 1963 Further studies on the introduced Asiatic Clam (Corbicula) in Tennessee. Tenn. Stream Poll. Contr. Bd., Tenn. Dept. Public Health, Mimeo, 75 pp. 47 Koss, R. W., L. D. Jensen, and R. Jones. (in Press). Benthic inverte-brates. In: L. D. Jensen (ed . ) . Environmental responses to ther-mal discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina, Part 2. Electric Power Research Institute, Cooling Water Research Project (RP49), Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. 48 Ellis, R. H. and T. P. Poe. 1973 The combined effects of severe flood-ing and a major oil spill on the benthic fauna of a river. Pre-sented at 21st Ann. Meeting, Midw. Benth. Soc., East Lansing, Mich-igan (Abstract). 49 Griffith, R. B. and J. Green. 1973 A study of the initial biological effects of a crude oil spill on lower two Mile Run, Venango Co., Pennsylvania. Presented at 21st Ann. Meeting, Midw. Benth. Soc., East Lansing, Michigan. (Manuscript) 50 Bugbee, S. L. and C. M. Walter. 1973 The response of macroinvertebrates to gasoline pollution in a mountain stream. Proc. Conf. on Preven-tion and Control of 011 Spills, March 13-15. (cited in reference 50, above). O ER 2 7-31
2.7.6 FISH I Lake Norman provides habitat for a diverse assemblage of warmwater fishes (Tables 2.7.6-5 and 2.7.6-6). Species which are more stenothermal or charac-teristic of cold waters are absent. I 2 7.6.1 Fish Species of Lake Norman Based on collections made during the present study and those made by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission l
, 40 species of fishes, representing nine familles, have been recorded from Lake Norman (Table 2 7.6-l). Differ-ences in the species lists of the two studies are slight and the majority of l the species collected in the Marshall Steam Station study, but not in the !
McGuire study, were extremely scarce. 2 7.6.2 Important Fish Species ! I Although all fishes occurring in a body of water are of interest because of j their role in the functioning of the ecosystem, some species are of particular ' importance because of their value as a sport, commercial, or forage fish. Life histories of representatives of each of these groups are presented in 2.7.6.3 2.7.6.3 Fish Species Environment Relationships Benson +
.s that most species environment relationship studies describe find-ings thn need not be measured continually for management purposes. "For ex-O ample, it is not necessary to measure feeding habits annually after one de-lineates the range, limits, and preferences of the feeding habits of a fish species in a habitat. Also, once the range of conditions (spawning stocks, habitat, temperature, etc.) necessary for various levels of reproduction are described, it is rarely necessary to repeat such work."
l The seasonal abundance of a species is dependent upon a multitude of factors. l A species is most abundant immediately after hatching, but the rate and pat-l tern of decline in abundance depend on physical and blotic factors. Defini-tive data regarding these dynamics are rare in literature and pertain to only very few species. While abundance can be discussed in general, deter-mination of annual cycles of abundance of a particular species is hampered by gear selectivity and seasonal changes in activity and distribution of fishes. 2 Electrof1shing and gill netting data (Figures 2.7.6-1, 2.7.6-1A, 2 7.6-2, Q 2.7.6-2A, and Table 2.7.6-5) 111ustrate the problems involved in determina- 56 tion of abundance of fishes. Implications are that Lake Norman fishes are more abundant in September and October than during August. However, since none of the species spawn during fall in this reservoir, the phenomenon is evidently the result of recruitment and changes in the distribution and behavior of the fishes. During November and December catch rates declined drastically, much more than can be attributed to mortality. Water tempera-tures were cooler during this period and caused changes in the distribution and behavior of fishes. This is especially apparent in the gill net catches at Station 3 O ER 2.7-32 Revision 2
In spite of problems involved in the interpretation of gill net data, data collected in 1973 and in 1974 show similar seasonal trends. Highest catches were typical of the spring and summer months while winter samples were low. ' These seasonal variations in catch rate are probably the result of two fac-tors. First, several fish species do move into shallow water in the spring and summer to spawn. These natural variations in relative abundances are indicated in terms of catch rates for total fish and game fish. Also, since fishes are less active during the winter months, gill nets are less effective and low winter abundances have probably been exaggerated due to the inef-fective nature of this gear at low temperatures. Electrofishing has shown seasonal trends in catch rate similar to those ob-served with gill net data. Catches during 1973 and 1974 were high in spring and summer, low in winter. Water level fluctuations control the amount of available shoreline cover on Lake Norman, an important factor determining fish abundance. During spring when water levels are high, shoreline cover is most available. Low water levels in winter reduce the amount of available cover and also reduce the effectiveness of electroffshing. Again, low win-ter abundances may be exaggerated by this sampling technique. Sample variability has made relative differences between stations difficult to detect. Station differences suggested during the 1973 sampling period have not remained consistent through 1974 in some cases. However, after Q 2 examination of gill net electrofishing and rotenone data, some general ob- 56 servations can be made regarding overall station characteristics. The 1974 gill net data show that, overall, Stations 3 and 5 had the highest catch rates for total fish; Stations 4, 9, and 10 had the lowest catch rates and Stations 1, 6, and 7 were intermediate. As in 1974, the 1973 gill net data shows that Stations 3 and 5 were relatively high in terms of total catch while Station 4 was low. All other stations appeared similar. Ranking the 1974 monthly mean electrofishing catch rates has indicated that Stations 1, 3, and 4 were similar and exhibited the lowest catch rates re-garding both tot:! fish and total game fish; Stations 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 were similar with generally higher catch rates for both categories. Dif-ferences in relative abundance between stations in 1973 were not apparent from electrofishing data. Cove rotenone data for 1974 (Table 2.7.6-6A) indicate that Stations 4, 7, 9, and 10 were similar in terms of total standing crop while Station 6 was noticeably higher. Station differences were more apparent from 1973 rotenone data. Stations 6, 9, and 10 had relatively high standing crops in 1973 while Stations 4 and 7 were low. Total standing crops were considerably higher in l 1973 at all stations except Station 4; this is due primarily to the rela-tively high numbers of threadfin shad collected during that year. Annual changes in the distribution and abundance of Norman fishes with regard to Marshall's heated effluent have been studied . l Results of yard net sampling for larval fishes (F igure 2.7.6-3) indicate the relationship between water temperature, time of year, and spawning of the major fishes of Lake Norman. Yellow perch were the first larvae to appear j i I ER 2.7-33 Revision 2 l L_ -l
+
in yard net samples (14 C, 57 F), followed by crapple (15 C, 60 F), shad / (16 C, 62 F), and Lepomis (22 C, 72 F). Shad were the most abundant larvae (_,}/ In the reservoir, reaching a maximum density of 260 individuals per 1000 m 3 water filtered. : Impertant Sport Fishes important sport fishes of Lake Norman are those fishes listed as game fish or pan fish in the 1973 North Carolina Inland Fishing Regulations. Life his-tories of the important sport fishes of Lake Norman are as follows: White Bass - Morone chrysops WhitebassarenativetotheMississippidrainagefromMinnesotaandWisconsin south to Mexico, and east to the Atlantic coast '4 They thrive over a wide range of limnological conditions but are most common in lakes and large rivers ,5 White bass occur most f requently in areas with sandy, gravelly, or rocky sub-strates. , t Male white bass mature when younger and smaller than females. They reproduce annuallyduringgpringandwhenpossibletheyspawnintributarystreamsover a firm substrate . White bass are very fecund, producing up to 900,000 eggs per female per year 7. The eggs are released near the surface or in midwater and are fertilized as they sink to the bottom s. In Lake Norman the majority of white bass spawning occurs in Lyle Creek and below Lookout Shoals Dam, both in the upper part of the reservoir. No larval white bass were collected during yard net sampling, and it is doubtful that significant spawning by this [) v species occurs in the vicinity of McGuire.
- Larval and young-of-the year white bass feed on crustaceans and insects 8. The adults are primarily piscivorous, and in North Carolina gitzard shad form a major part of the white bass diet 9. White bass commonly undergo cycles of abundance. Jenkins and Elkin10 hypothesized that adequate spawning conditions, reservoir size, and the presence of a satisfactory forage fish are the primary factors controlling white bass populations in reservoirs. Water Quality Crl-teriall lists 24 and 34 C (75 and 93 F) as the maximum temperatures compatible with spawning and growth, respectively, of white bass.
b I i ER 2.7-33a Revision 2 Carry Over
Striped Bass - Morone saxatilis The striped bass is a highly euryoecious species existing from cold Canadian rivers to the warmer inland waters of Florida, in both fresh and salt waters 12, Current is an extremely important factor for successful spawning since the semibuoyant eggs must be kept in constant motion off the bottom 13 No success-full spawning has been reported in Lake Norman because of lack of suitable spawning conditions, and successful continuation of striped bass in Lake Norman is dependent upon regular stocking (con Baker, Chief of inland Fisheries, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Comission, personal communication). Young striped bass feed heavily on zooplankton while adults are highly piscivorousl4 The diet of Lake Norman striped bass is composed primarily of threadfin shad. Largemouth Bass - Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass originally ranged east of the Rocky Mountains from Southern Ontario and Quebec south through the Mississippi Valley to the Gulf Coast from northeastern Mexico to Florida and north on the Atlantic coastal plain to the Carolinas . 4 It has been widely introduced in recent times. Largemouth bass prefer quiet, clear waters with aquatic vegetation . 3Weedy mud-covered backwaters and slow streams are favorite habitats of this species 4. Male and female largemouth bass have been reported to mature as early as age I in North Carolina 15, but slower growing individuals do not mature until one or two years older. In Lake Norman, spawning begins in the spring at water temper-atures of about 16 C (61 F) with the peak of spawning occurring at approximately 19 C (66 F). A substrate such as sand, gravel, roots, or aquatic vegetation is Q 10' preferred for spawning, and no spawning occurs on silt bottoms 16, Lake Norman largemouth bass spawn throughout the reservoir where suitable habitat is present. Carlanderl7 stated that largemouth bass produce 2,000-109,000 eggs per female. Recent work indicates that this is a liberal estimate of fecundity and that the number of eggs produced is related to the length, weight, and age of the Individ-ual a. Factors favoring the success of a largemouth bass year class have been l reported as stable water temperatures, absence of predation on eggs and fry, abundance of plankton 19, stable water levels during spawnin high surface water in April and May, and low abundance of adult threadfin shad Young largemouth bass of Lake Norman feed heavily on benthos and zooplankton (Fig. 2. 7.6-4) but individuals greater than 50 mm total length are primarily piscivorous. Clupeids and cyprinids are important in the late summer diet of adult largemouth bass in Lake Norman. Largemouth bass acclimated to 20 C (68 F) showed a 24-hour TLso lower thermal talerance limit of 5 C (41 F) and a 72-hour TL50 upper thermal tolerance limit of 32 C (90 F)21,
-Bluegill - Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill originally ranged f rom Southern Ontario to Mexico through the Mississippi drainage. A subspecies (L_.m. purpurescens) is found in coastal streams and lakes from the Carolinas to Florida 4. Bluegill are abundant in ponds, lakes, and sluggish streams, and warm, shallow, productive lakes support the largest popu-1ations. High turbidity is detrimental to the growth and reproduction of t
ER 2.7-34 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised
bluegill 22 The growth of Lake Norman bluegill is relatively slow, and back calculated lengths are listed in Table 2.7.6-2. Bluegill usually mature in 2 to 3 years and begin spawning in April to early June, depending on latitude 23 Spawning has been reported at water temperatures of 20-27 C (67-80 F)24,25, with the peak usually occurring in the upper part of that range. Lake Norman bluegill commence spawning at a water temperature of about 21 C (70 F), and continue spawning through the summer (Figure 2.7.6-3) at shoreline areas throughout the lake. Males select nest sites in sand, gravel, dead leaves, sticks, or mud. Females produce 3,000-64,000 eggs per year, de- Q 10 pending primarily on the length of the individual 23 Zooplankton and aquatic insects are dominant foods of bluegill 26 During late summer Norman bluegill subsist almost entirely on insects (Fig. 2.7.6-5). L m. purpurescens acclimated to 30 C (86 F) showed a 24-hour TL50 lower thermal tole 7ance 1imit of 11 C (52 F) and a 60-hour TL50 upper thermal tolerance limit of 34 C (93 F)21, Redbreast Sunfish - Lepomis auritus The redbreast ranges from Maine to Florida in waters tributary to the Atlantic and westward along the Gulf Coast to Texas 27,28 The preferred habitat of red-b reas t is sheltered areas partially hidden by logs, fallen trees, or stumps. They are found most commonly over a substrate of sand and fine gravel, but sel-dom over slit or det ri tus29, in North Carolina redbreast begin spawning at temperatures of 22-26 C (71-78 F) and reach peak spawning at water temperatures of 28-31 C (80-85 F)28 In Lake Norman the spawning time of redbreast sunfish is very similar to that of blue-gill. Observations of gonads indicate that larger individuals spawn earlier Q 10 than smaller individuals. Insects accounted for 82.4-100.0% of the total i l weight of the diet of redbreast sunfish from Lake Norman during August, 1973 (Figure 2.7.6-6). Mean back calculated lengths of Lake Norman redbreast sun- l i fish are given in Table 2.7.6-3 There has been little published information on growth of redbreast with which these data can be compared. ! Warmouth - Lepomis gulosus The warmouth is native to much of the south and eastern United States, and has been widely introduced west of the Rockies 30 Warmouth usually occur in areas having little or no gradient, a soft mucky bottom, silt free waters, and abun-dant aquatic vegetation or other cover 331 Warmouth spawn in late spring and l early summer when waters reach 21 C (70 F) 31 They build nests near stationary objects on many bottom types, preferring rubble lightly covered with silt and detritus. Stumps are abundant in Lake Norman and it is likely that warmouth spawn in shoreline areas throughout the reservoir. Warnouth feed primarily on crayfish, insects, and fishes 31, Pumpkinseed - Lepomis gibbosus Pumpkinseeds originally ranged f rom Canada south to Florida and the Gulf States. They have been widely introduced and are now found in Cali fornia32 Spawning is similar to that of other centrarchids, occurring in late spring and early summer 33 They usually mature in 2 years, and construct nests on sand, clay, or gravel . Pumpkinseeds probably spawn in shoreline areas throughout Lake Norman. Pumpkinseeds feed mainly on small aquatic insects, mollusks, and crustaceans. Adults often feed on younger fishes, including their own3, ER 2.7-35 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised
i l Pumpkinseeds acclimated to 10 C (50 F) have a 24-hour TL 50 the rmal limit of ' O Q) . 28 C (82 F)21, ! i Black crappie - Pomoxis nigromaculatus The native range of black crapple included the Upper Mississippi Valley and : Great Lakes southward to Florida and Texas, but it has been widely introduced elsewhere27 Blackcrapg4ie attain sexual maturity at 2-3 years of age and spawn from March to July This species begins spawning in brushy shoreline areas throughout Lake Norman at water temperatures of about 15 C (59 F), and peak spawning activity occurs at water temperatures of approximately 17 C ! (63 F) (Figure 2.7.6-3). Black crappie feed on crustaceans, insects, and Q 10 ! fishes 35 In Lake Norman, shad form 52.6-94.5% by weight of the black crappie ! diet .l The provisional maximum temperature recommended as compatible with the ; growth of black crapple is 32 C (90 F)ll. + White crapple - Pomoxis annularis - Originally, white crapple ranged f rom the southern Great Lakes south to Texas and Alabama, but have been widely introduced 24 The most favorable habitats i are ponds, lakes, or impoundments where competition and predation f rom other I fishes are low3 . White crappie nest near brush piles, stumps or rock out-croppings and prefer depositing their eggs on plant materials 56 White crappie were poorly represented in yard net samples, but it appears that spawnings began at a water temperature of about 17 C (63 F), and peaked at about 20 C (68 F). White crappie feed primarily on fishes, insects, and crustaceans 35 37, Q 10 p During winter and early spring shad are the most important food item for Lake Norman white crappie . The provisional maximum temperature recommended as l compatible with growth of white crappie is 32 C (90 F)ll. Yellow perch - Perca flavescens The yellow perch originally ranged in the eastern part of the United States and Canada including the Hudson Bay Drainage to Ohio, and Nova Scotia to the Dakotas 38 Spawning begins in the spring when water temperatures range from ; 7-13 C (45-55 F)2i+ . The eggs are laid in a gelatinous matrix in accordion-like ' strings, usuall ' plants or brushz9near shore where the egg strings are woven in and around aquatic Larval yellow perch first appeared in yard net samples when Q 10 :' water temperature was 13 C (56 F) and were most abundant at water temperatures of 17-18 C (63-65 F). Small crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic insect larvae and i nymphs, and fish are the major foods of yellow perch 38 The late summer diet of Lake Norman yellow perch is composed entirely of insects (Figure 2.7.6-7). Growth of Lake Norman yellow perch is slow, and back calculated lengths are t given in Table 2.7.6-4, Yellow perch collected during the summer and acclimated , to 25 C (77 F) showed a 24-hour TL 50 lower thermal limit of 9 C (48 F) and a 96-hour TL50 upper thermal limit of 32 C (90 F)21, important Commercial Catfishes Commercial catfishing was initiated in Norman in April, 1973 At present, white catfish and channel catfish are the only species of commercial value in Norman (Don Baker, Chief of inland Fisheries, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Com-mission, personal communication) . ER 2.7-36 ReVISIO" I Entire Page . Revised-
White Catfish - letalurus catus j White catfish were originally limited in distribution to coastal streams f rom New Jersey south to Florida 3'4 In recent years, they have been introduced into the midwest and California 24 White catfish live in a variety of f resh and slightly brackish waters3 . They prefer warm water and do well in both large lakes and small ponds, avoiding beds of dense aquatic vegetation. White catfish attain sexual maturity at a length of 18-20 cm (7-8 in), which usually occurs during their second or third year of life 40 They build nests about 30-45 cm (12-18 in) deep on sand or gravel bars 41, a type of habitat uncommon in Lake Norman. White catfish alevins first appeared in Norman yard net sam-ples at a water temperature of 23 C (74 F). White catfish are omnivorous 40 41, in Lake Norman algae and fish appear to be the most important items in their Q 10 dietl. The provisional maximum temperature recommended as compatible with the well being of white catfish has been reported as 38 C (93 F)ll. Channel catfish - Ictalurus punctatus The native range of channel catfish was f rom the southern part of Canada south through the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley to all the Gulf States and Mexico, but not in the Atlantic coastal plains . They 3 are mos t abundant in large rivers with bottoms of sand, gravel, or rubble, but also occur in some sluggish streams, rivers, and large lakes 42 43, Appiegate and Smith 44 found no channel catfish to be mature before the age of 5, but 90% of the females were mature by age 8. They usually spawn when the water temperature reaches 21-29 c (70-85 F), with most spawning occurring at 27 C (80 F)45 They usually spawn in semidarkened, secluded nests in some protected site such as holes, logjams, and under rocks 45 No channel catfish have been collected during the present study and evidently this species is rare in the McGuire vicinity. Channel catfi sh are omnivorous and feed during both the night and day 43 iants, insects, and other organic debris are often consumed by Fish,aquaticg647 this species Channel catfish acclimated to 25C(77F)showedlowerandupper24-hourTL 50 temperature 1imits of 6 C (43 F) and 34 C (93 F), respectively2 ., important Forage Fishes Forage fishes serve as food for other fishes. The species described in this section were selected because of their importance in previous food studies and their abundance in Lake Norman. Gizzard shad - Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad are found from central Minnesota to Nebraska and east to Penn-sylvania and in all southern temperate climate states 48 Gizzard shad spawn in shallow water when temperatures reach 10-21 C (50-70 F)49 The eggs are broadcast by the female and fertilized by males as they sink to the bottom or float with the current. The eggs are sticky and attach to any object with which they come in contact 50 51 Gizzard shad produce 20,000-170,000 mature l eggs depending on length, weight, and age of the individual 50. Food of gizzard ! shad f rom lakes generally has been composed of an unidentified portion desig-nated as mud or detritus, and the remainder composed mainly of algae and l R #is "1 j 8 2.7 37 Entire Page Revised J
b i cladoce rans52 Gizzard shad acclimated at-25 C (7'l F) had a 24-hour TL'50 lower thermal tolerance limit of 11 C (52 F) and an upper 48-hour TL50 value
< of 34 C (93 F)21, ,
Threadfin shad - Dorosoma petenense Threadfin shad are euryhaline, capable of living both in marine and fresh ! water, and have been introduced into many lakes as forage for warm-water game j fishes 53 The entire Lake Norman population is the result of two stockings, i cach of 750 fish, in 196354 Threadfin shad are attracted to currents, usually
- concentrating below dams and inlets. They swim against mild currents and f avor i smooth, netic fishsteep-sided occupying surfaces the uppersuch as(50 15 m dams ft) and riprap5 0ed streams. They are lim-of water Threadfin shad spawning in Lake Wylie, North Carolina, begins in mid-April :
when water temperatures range from 16 C (61 F) at a depth of 5 m (15 ft) to ! 20 C (67 F) Immediately below the surface 53 Reproduction is completed when , surface water temperatures reach 28 C (82 F). Spawning begins throughout Lake i Norman when water temperatures reach 15 C (59 F) and larvae appear in samples with water temperatures as low as 16 C (61 F) (Figure 2.7.6-3). Nearly all spawning takes place along the shoreline in water less than 15 cm (6 in) deep. Q 10 The highest egg densities are found on shoreline vegetation, brush, gravel, and rocks. May s3 found that threadfin shad from Lake Wylie annually produce 3,000-10,000 eggs, depending on the size of the female. Approximately 6% of the age 1 Lake Wylie threadfin shad survive to age 2, but only 2% of the age 2 fish live to be three years-old, indicating that reproduction and subsequent popula-tion densities are based primarily on a single year class. Threadfin shad feed on plankton, benthos, and organic debris 55 Lake Norman threadfin shad feed , heavily on Tabellaria, Daphnia, Bosmina, and crustacean eggs 56 The provisional ! maximum temperature recommended as compatible with the well being of threadfin !' shad is 34 C (93 F)ll. Threadfin shad are sensitive to low temperatures and high mortalities at. temperatures of 7.2 C (45 F) and below have been recorded 57, 2.7.6.3.1 Ecological Succession j 1 Following impoundment of a reservoir there are complex but predictable changes
- in the standing crops of various groups of fishes 5 The actual pattern and I rate of succession as the reservoir ages varies somewhat due to biological, .
physical and chemical properties of the reservoir. The typical pattern is an ; increase in sport fish standing crop and harvest as the new reservoir ages ; until 5-7 vears af ter impoundment. Following this period the total standing crop of fisnes continues to increase but the standing crop of sport fishes [ decreases, the difference being due to expanding populations of rough fishes.
- Norman was impounded in 1963 and is still in the early stages of ecological succession. According to Jenkins 59, Norman should yield approximately 240,620 kg .
(530,000 pounds) of sport fish harvest at reservoir age 10 years compared with ; 147,550 kg (325,000 pounds) at age 50 years and 120,310 kg (265,000 pounds) at age 100 years (Appendix 2). Commercial fish harvest should increase during this , period f rom 52,036 kg (116,820 pounds) at reservoir age 10 to 114,912 kg (253,110 , l pounds) at age 50 years, and 160,582 kg (353,705 pounds) at age 100 years. { l O . l ER 2.7-38 Revision 1 l Entire Page Revised! 1
2.7.6.4 Pre existing Stress on Fish Low Winter Temperatures The physiology of poikilotherms is greatly affected by temperature, which in-fluences respiration, rate of body functions, chemical composition, assimila-t ion ra tes , food conversion efficiency, and bioenergetics 60 If thermal stress is extreme, death can result. One species of Lake Norman fish partic-ularly susceptible to low temperatures is the threadfin shad. In a study on threadfin shad in North Carolina waters, McNaughton54 found that the lower temperature tolerance of the threadfin shad appears to be above the minimum seasonal temperatures of the majority of North Carolina waters in which this species had been stocked. Those waters which had maintained threadfin shad populations since their initial introduction were those which received heated effluent from steam plants. Strawn61 determined that threadfin shad die quickly at 5 C (41 F), but will survive the winter in a lake that does not go below 9 C (48 F). The minimum water temperature for the McGuire area of Lake Norman for the winters of 1970-71,1971-72, and 1972-73 were 6 C (43 F), 7 C (45 F), and 6 C (43 F), respectively. These temperatures are well below the 9 C (48 F) minimum suggested by Strawn and indicate that low winter tempera-tures are a potential source of stress to Norman threadfin shad. The winter operation of McGuire should act to reduce this stress by offering a source of heated water. Marshall Steam Station Marshall is located approximately 24 river km (15 river miles) above McGuire. Marshall is a coal burning f acility t h at uses hypolimnetic water for condenser cooling. Dissolved oxygen concentrations less than i ppm are often recorded during the summer and these dissolved oxygen concentrations and high temper-atures create conditions largely untenable for game fishes in the discharge canal and cove during the summerl . Some degree of stress outside of the dis-charge area is probable, but does not continue to the area influenced by McGuire. Fish Mortalities Fish mortallties are known to have occurred in Lake Norman. Generally these mortalities have occurred in late summer involving sensitive species, such as gizzard shad and threadfin shad. The primary cause of the mortalities was the stress conditions associated with the period preceding fall overturn. Fish Diseases in 1969 and early 1970, fungal infections believed to be Saprolegnia sp., l were observed on fishes from the Marshall discharge area. The incidence of infestation for largemouth bass and bluegill captured by electrofishing reached 15.0% and 0.6%, respectively, during the period January through March, 1970 . No fish with fungus disease were found elsewhere in the lake during 1 that period. During the spring of 1970, many fish, especially black crappie, were found dying with heavy fungal infestations in various parts of the lake. This outbreak in the spring resulted from injuries and stress associated with spawning activities and indicated that fungal infections are not unique to the discharge area. ER 2.7-39 Pevision 1 Entire Page Revised
i
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Aeromonas liquefaciens, a bacterium, has been identified as a pathogen of ; [~h Lake Norman game fishes. The bacterium was identified by North Carolina () Wildlife Resources Commission fisherles biologists, with verification by Dr. G. L. Bullock of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Eastern Fish Lab-oratory at Kearneysville, West Virginia. Although little is known about , the organism, especially its occurrence in North Carolina, most fish pathol-ogists agree that it is an important pathogen of freshwater fishes. Out-breaks of the disease are thought to be triggered by stresses brought about i by unfavorable environmental conditions such as low dissolved oxygen levels, high water temperatures or crowding 62, Difficulties in identify!ng diseases of Lake Norman fishes have been com-pounded by the recent report of Epistylls. During October, 1973, Duke fish-erles biologists sent samples of diseased Lake Norman fishes to Dr. Wilmer Rogers of the Southeastern Cooperative Fish Disease Project, Auburn, Alabama. He verified leslons due to Epistylls on white bass, largemouth bass, blue-gill, and redbreast sunfish (Appendix 3). This represents the first record of lesions due to Epistylls in Lake Norman, and apparently in North Carolina. ! Dr. Rogers was unable to detect Aeromonas or other secondary bacterial in- l fections. , 2 lIna1971paperonEpistyliss3, Dr. Rogers explained, "' Red-sore' diseaseofl } fishes caused by the stalked cillate Epistylis, is very common and wide-spread in the Southeastern U. S. Epizootics occur most frequently during the winter and spring months. Bacterial Infections often occur secondarily t to the Epistylls infection." The prevalence of Epistylls appears to be re-g lated most strongly to degree of organic enrichmentu. Duke fisheries biologists are continuing to study the prevalence of Epistylls on Lake ( Norman fishes, and its relation to environmental parameters. During the winter of 1970-71, thirteen species of fishes exhibited external symptions of gas-bubble disease (GBD) in the discharge canal and cove. of Marshall Steam Station. Peak monthly incidences were 70.8, 33 3, and 23.5 percent for white bass, threadfin shad, and bluegill, respectively6 t' . Dur-Ing the winter and spring of 1971-72, nine species of fishes in the discharge area showed external symptoms of GBD. The prevalence of the disease was highest for redhorse suckers (28.6%), white bass (27.8%), white crapple r (20.0%), and redbreast sunfish (13.8%) . Disease prevalence for all fishes captured peaked at 4.7% in February 65, Based upon the operating data from Marshall Steam Station little or no GBD , mortality is expected to occur resulting from the operation of McGuire Nuclear Station. Although GBD was implicated as the cause of fish mortal- Q ; 2 itles at Marshall, positive proof was not available. It should be noted 75 that this one occurrence is the only time that GBD was even suspected of having caused mortalities. Flow, At, length of discharge canal, and depth of discharge outlet were studied in relation to supersaturation of oxygen and nitrogen, and the resulting occurrence of symptoms of GBD 66 It was ! found that all of the above listed factors were positively related to the prevalence of GBD. Although the projected at for McGuire is lower than i for Marshall, the discharge structures are deeper (10.5 m McGuire vs 9.3 m ; 3 3
- Marshall) and the flow is higher (63 m /sec McGuire vs 40-50 m /sec Mar- 1
( shall). Since some potential for GBD does exist at McGuire, its preva- ! .t 2 lence will be noted in the operational monitoring program. ER 2.7-40 Revision 2
i l i j l Parasites Alimitedparasitesurveywasgerformedasapartofthestudyofeffectsof Marshall on Lake Norman fishes . The parasite burden was low among all fishes between December, 1969 and June, 1970. Differences between the discharge, in-take, and control coves were slight. Copepods (primarily Ergasilus sp.) and O O dR 2.7-40a Revision 2 Carry Over
monogenetic trematodes (mostly Tetraonchinae) were encountered more often in the controls than in the discharge area. The low numbers of parasites reported
- (O would suggest that they are not a cause of extreme stress to Lake Norman fishes.
Cowans Ford Hydroelectric Station The construction of Cowans Ford Dam in 1963 changed much of the Catawba River from a lotic to lentic habitat and resulted in changes in species composition and population levels of the fish community. Although the present community is composed of species able to adapt to the change, and those stocked subse-i quent to impoundment, present operational procedures can directly affect the well being of fishes. During periods of high generation, it is possible that portions of the standing crops of plankton (both zooplankton and phytoplankton) and fish are swept through the turbines. Since this period of high generation occurs during the summer when many of the young-of-the year fishes are depend-ent on plankton as a food source, stress could result. 2.7.6.5 Related Site Research Following is a listing of completed fishery related research pertaining to Lake Norman, North Carolina. Adai r, W. D. , and J. J. Hains. 1973 Saturation values of dissolved gases associated with the occurrence of gas bubble disease in a heated effluent. I n_: Thermal Ecology, J. W. Gibbons and R. R. Sharitz (Eds.). In Press. Chapman, L. P. 197J. Stomach analyses of threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense,- in heated effluents. Unpub. Rpt. Univ. North Carolina at Charlotte. 32 pp. Demont , D. J. , and R. W. Mi ller. 1971. First reported incidence of gas-bubble disease in the heated effluent of a steam generating station. Proc. 25th Ann. Conf. SE Assoc. Game and Fish Commrs. pp. 392-399. Miller, R. W. IP /3 The incidence and cause of gas-bubble disease in a heated effluent. l_n n : Thermal Ecology, J. W. Gibbons and R. R. Sharitz (Eds.). In Press. Miller, R. W. , and D. J. DeMont. 1972. Effects of thermal pollution upon Lake Norman fishes. North Carolina Wildl. Res. Comm., Div. Inland Fish , Proj. F-19-4, Job IX-C. 32 pp. There is no ongoing fishery research on Norman other than that being performed by Duke.
/
l \ ER 2. 7- 41 Revision i Entire Page Revised
s LITERATURE CITED IN 2.7.6 i
- 1. Miller, R. W. , and D. J. Demont. 1972. Effects of thermal pollution ,
upon Lake Norman fishes. North Carolina Wild 1. Comm. , Div. Inland i Fish., Proj F-19-4, Job. IX-C. 32 pp.
- 2. Benson, N. G. 1971. Fish life history introduction. Pages 1-2. G. E. ;
Hall, ed. I n,: Reservoir Fisheries and Limnology. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. No. 8. 3 Trautman, M. B. 1957 The Fishes of Ohio. Ohio St., Univ. Press. ; Columbus. 683 pp. i i
- 4. Hubbs, C. L., and K. F. Lagler. 1970. Fishes of the Great Lakes Region.
Un1v. Michigan Press. Ann Arbor. 213 pp. 5 Chadwi ck, H. K. , C. E. von Gelde rn, J r. , and M. L. Johnson. 1966. White bass. Pages 412-422. A. Calhoun, ed. In: Inland Fisheries Man-agement. State of California Resources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game. t
- 6. Riggs, C. D. 1955 Reproduction of the white bass, Morone chrysops.
Invest. Indiana Lakes and Streams. 4(3): 87-110. 7 Newton, S. H. 1968. The fecundity of white bass, Roccus chrysops (Rafinesque) in Beaver Reservoir, Arkansas. Unpub. M. S. Thesis. l Univ. Arkansas. 61 pp. .
- 8. Olmsted, L. L. 1971. Ecological life history and population dynamics of whi te bass, Roccus chrysops (Rafinesque) in Beaver Reservoir.
M. S. Thesis. Univ. Arkansas. 118 pp. 9 Tatum, B. L. 1958. Introduction and success of white bass (Roccus [ chrysops) in North Carolina waters. Proc. lith Ann. Confer. SE Assoc. Game and Fish Commrs. p. 185-192.
- 10. Jenkins, R. M., and R. E. Elkin. 1957 Growth of white bass in Oklahoma. ,
Oklahoma Fish. Res. Lab., Rept. No. 60. 21 pp.
- 11. Report of the Committee on Water Quality Criteria. 1968. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 234 pp.
- 12. Pearson, J. C. 1938. The life history of the striped bass, or rockfish, !
Roccus saxatills (Walbaum). U. S. Bureau Fish., Bull. No. 28. j pp. 825-851. 13 Albrecht, A. B. 1964. Some observations on factors associated with sur- _j vival of striped bass eggs and larvae. California Fish and Game, 50(2): 100-113
- 14. Goodson , L. ' F.. . J r. 1966. Landlocked striped bass. Pages 407-412. A.
Calhoun, ed. In: inland Fisheries Management. State of California ) ( Resources Agency Dept. Fish and Game. ER 2.7-42 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised i I 1
15 Pardue, G. B., and F. E. Hester. 1966. Variation in the growth rate of known age largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacepede) under experimental conditions. Proc. 20th Atin. Conf. SE Assoc. Game and Fi sh Commrs. P. 300-310.
- 16. Robinson, D. W. 1961 Utilization of spawning box by bass. Prog. Fish-Cult. 23(3): 119 17 Carlander, K. D. 1953 Handbook of f reshwater fishery biology with the fi rst supplement. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 429 pp.
- 18. Olns ted, L. L. 1974. The ecology of largemouth bass (Micropterus sal-moides) and spotted bass (M. punctulatus) in Lake Fort Smith, Arkansas. PhD. Thesis Manuscript. 125 pp.
19 Mraz, D. , S. Kmiotek, and L. Frankenberger. 1961. The largemouth bass, E Its life history, ecology,and management. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept. Publ. No. 232. 13 pp.
- 20. von Geldern, C. E. , J r. 1971. Abundance and distribution of fingerling largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, as determined by electro-fishing at Lake Nacimiento, California. California Fish and Game.
57(4) 228-245
- 21. Pennsylvania Department of Health. 1962. Heated discharges, their effect on streams. Report by the Advisory Committee for the Control of Stream Temperatures to the Pennsylvania Water Board, Harrisburg, Pa. Pennsylvania Dept. Health., Publ. No. 3 108 pp.
- 22. Buck, D. H. 1956. Effects of turbidity on fish and fishing. Trans. No.
Ame r. Wi l d. Conf. 21: 249-261. 23 Morgan, G. D. 1951. The life history of the bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochi rus , of Buckeye Lake, Ohio. Denison Univ. Sci. Lab. Jour. 42(4): 21-59
- 24. Curtis, B. 1949 The warm-water fishes of California. California Fish and Game. 35(4): 255-274.
25 Snow, H., A. Ensign, and J. Klingbiel. 1960. The bluegill, its life history, ecology, and management. Wisconsin Cons. Dept. Publ. No. 230. 16 pp.
- 26. Emig, J. W. 1966. Bluegill sunfish. Pages 375-392. A. Calhoun, ed.
In: Inland Fisheries Management. State of California Resources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game. 27 Eddy, S. 1957 How to Know the Fresh Water Fishes. Wm. C. Brown Co. Dubuque, Iowa. 253 pp.
- 28. Davis, J. R. 1971. The spawning behavior, fecundity rates, and food habits of the redbreast sunfish in Southeastern North Carolina.
Div. of inland Fisheries. North Carolina Wildl. Res. Comm. 9 pp. ER 2.7-43 Rev.ision 1 Entire Page Revised
i 29 Shannon, G. G. 1966. Geographical distribution and habitat requirements f- , of the redbreast sunfish, Lepomis auritus in North Carolina. North Ca ro l i na Wi l d l . Comm. 8 pp. Proc. presented at SE Div. Amer. Fish. \ < Soc. Oct. 1966.
- 30. Hubbell, P. M. 1966. Warmouth. Pages 405-407. A. Calhoun, ed. In:
Inland Fisheries Management. State of California Resources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game.
- 31. Larimore, R. W. 1957 Ecological life history of the warmouth (Centrar- -'
chidae). lilinois Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 27(Art. 1): 84 pp. ;
- 32. Hubbell, P. M. 1966. Pumpkinseed sunfish. Pages 402-404. A. Calhoun, ,
ed. I ng inland Fisheries Management. State of California Re-sources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game.
- 33. B reede r, C. M. , J r. 1936. The reproductive habits of the North American sunfishes (Family Centrarchidae). Zoologica. 21(1): 1-48.
- 34. Huish, M. T. 1954. Life history of the black crappie of Lake George, Florida. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 83: 176-194.
35 Ball, R. L. 1972. The feeding ecology of the ' ulack crapple, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and the white crappie, Pomoxis annularis, in Beaver Reservoi r, Arkansas. M. S. Thesis. Univ. of Arkansas, 181 pp.
- 36. Hansen, D.'F. 1951. Biology of white crapple in lilinois. Illinois Nat.
-(} Hist. Surv. Bull. 25(Art. 4) : 209-265 37 Goodson , L. F. , J r. 1966. Crappie. Pages 312-332. A. Calhoun, ed. Ing inland Fisheries Management. State of California Resources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game.
- 38. Coots, M. 1966. Yellow perch. Pages 426-430. A. Calhoun, ed. Ing >
Inland Fisheries Management. State of California Resources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game.
- 39. Lagler, K. F., J. E. Bardach, and R. R. Miller. 1962. ichthyology.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 545 pp.
- 40. Menzel, R. W. 1945. The catfish fishery of Virginia. Trans. Amer.
Fish. Soc. 73: 364-372.
- 41. Mil ler, C. E. 1966. White catfish. Pages 430-440. A. Calhoun, ed.
Ing inland Fisheries Management. State of California Resources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game. i i
- 42. Miller, E. E. 1966. Channel catfish. Pages 440-463. A. Calhoun, ed.
Ing inland Fisheries Management. State of California Resources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game. 43 Bailey, R. M. , and H. M. Ha rrison , J r. 1948. Food habits of the southern channel catfish (lctalurus lacustris punctatus) in the Des Moines River, Iowa. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 75: 110-138. f ER 2. 7-44 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised
- 44. Applegate, J., and L. L. Smi th, J r. 1951. The determination of age and rate of growth from vertebrae of the channel catfish, Ictalurus 17custris punctatus. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 80: 119-139 45 Clemens, H. P., and K. F. Sneed. 1957 The spawning behavior of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. U. S. Fish and Wild 1. Ser.
Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish No. 219 Il pp.
- 46. Stevens, R. E. 1959 The white and channel catfishes of the Santee-Cooper Reses voi r and tail race sanctuary. Proc. 13th Ann. Conf.
SE Assoc. Game and Fish Commrs, pp. 203-219 47 Hoopes, D. T. 1960. Utilization of mayflies and caddis flies by some Mississippi fishes. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 89(1): 32-34.
- 48. Moore, G. A. 1968. Fishes. Pages 21-165 W. F. Blair, ed. 3: Ver-tebrates of the United States. McGraw-Hill, New York.
49 Miller, R. R. 1960. Systematics and biology of the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, and related fishes. U. S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 60. (173): 371-392.
- 50. Baglin, R. E. , J r. 1968. Fecundity of the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepe-dianum (Lesueur), and the threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense (Gun-ther), in Beaver and Bull Shoals Reservoirs. M. S. Thesis. Univ.
Arkansas. 139 pp.
- 51. Bodola, A. 1964. Life history of the gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur), in Western Lake Erie. U. S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Fish Bul1. 65(2): 391-425
- 52. Kutkuhn, J. H. 1957 Utilization of plankton by Juvenile gizzard shad in a shallow prairie lake. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 87: 80-103 53 May, B. 1968. Biology of the threadfin shad. Final Rept. North Carolina Wildl. Res. Comm. Div. Inland Fish. Job X-8, Proj. F-16-R.
13 pp.
- 54. McNaugh ton , W. D. 1966. The threadfin shad in North Carolina waters.
North Carolina Wildl. Comm. Div. Inland Fish, Job X-A and X-B. Proj. F R-2. 7 pp.
- 55. Burns, J. W. 1966. Threadfin shad. Pages 481-488. A. Calhoun, ed.
In: Inland Fisheries Management. State of California Resources Agency. Dept. Fish and Game.
- 56. Chapman, L. P. 1970. Stomach analyses of threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense, in heated effluents. Unpublished report. Univ. North Carolina at Charlotte. 32 pp.
57 Parsons, J. W., and J. B. Kinsey. 1954. A report on the Mississippi threadfin shad. Prog. Fish. Cuit. 16(4): 179-181. ER 2.7-45 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised
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1
- 58. Jenkins, R. M. 1968. The influence of some environmental factors on )
j standing crop and harvest of fishes in U. S. Reservoirs. Reservoir j Fish. Res. Sym. Athens, Georgia, April 5-7, 1967. pp. 298-321. 59 Jenkins, R. M. 1972. Estimation of fish standing crop, sport fish har-i vest and angler use for Lakes Mountain Island, Wylie and Norman, f Catawba Nuclear Environmental Report 4A. I. l l 60. Coutant, C. C. 1971. Thermal pollution - biological ef fects. Jour. WPCF. pp. 1292-1334.
- 61. Strawn, K. 1963 Resistance of threadfin shad to low temperatures.
Proc. 17th Ann. Conf. SE Assoc. Game and Fish Commrs. pp. 290-293 l 62. Bullock, G. L., and J. J. A. McLaughlin. 1970. Advances in knowledge l concerning bacteria pathogenic to fishes. Pages 231-242. S. F. Snieszko, ed. J_n n : A Symposium on Disease of Fishes and She11 fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 5 63 Rogers, W. A. 1971. Disease in fish due to the protozoan Epistylis (Ciliata: Peritricha) In Southeastern U. S. Proc. 25th Ann. Conf. SE Assoc. Game and Fish Commrs. pp. 493-496.
- 64. DeMont, D. J. and R. W. Miller. 1971. First reported incidence of gas-bubble disease in the heated effluent of a steam generating station.
Proc. 25th Ann. Conf. SE Assoc. Game and Fish Commrs. pp. 293-399 YJ 65 Miller, R. W. 1973. The incidence and cause of gas-bubble disease in a heated effluent. In: Thermal Ecology, J. W. Gibbons and R. R. Sharitz (Eds.). ITPress.
- 66. Adair, W. D., and J. J. Hains. 1973 Saturation values of dissolved gases associated with the occurrence of gas-bubble disease in a heated effluent. M: Thermal Ecology, J. W. Gibbons and R. R.
Sharitz (Eds.). In Press. O ER 2.7-46 Revision i E'ntire Page Revised
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l r-sg 2.7.7 PRE-EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS Q. Pre-existing environmental stresses can be defined as chemical levels or physical actions that affect an altercation of the natural productive potential of the blota. Identified pre-existing environmental stresses associated with the lake Norman environs fall into four general areas: the effects of shore- , line residential development, Marshall Steam Station's use of hypolimnetic water for condenser cooling, the possible intrusion of heavy metals from Marshall's ash basin discharge, and the effects of point and non point sources of turbidity. 2.7.7.1 Shoreline Development Shoreline development related stresses are drainage and runoff or seepage carrying evidence of man's activities into Lake Norman. Golf courses, leaky septic tanks, poorly constructed drainage fields, or the absence of sanitary systems can contribute to enrichment processes. Lawn treatment (substantial anoun t due to the installation of drainage fields) and agricultural activities add to the nutrient load entering Norman. Cutting along the shoreline con-struction areas has resulted in large increases of nitrates. In the undis-turbed conditions, decomposition nitrogen (ammonia) can be utilized directly by the green plants; in the deforested areas microflora initiate nitrification and the soluble nitrates are flushed from the watershed.1 Since nitrate is indicative of the occurrence of one or all of these processes and has been monitored from pre-impoundment to present, it can be used to (h
\~ #
analyze the extent of stress. Figures 2.7.7-1 through 2.7.7-5 illustrate the major tributaries, nitrate levels, and relative points of entry into the lake. Tables 2.7.7-1 and 2 identify the USGS Stations and list additional water quality parameters. Figure 2.7.7-1 depicts the major streams and nitrate levels prior to inundation. Greatest concentrations are observed at Station 486, the Catawba River, and Station 493 on Davidson Creek. The municipality of Catawba, N. C. was reported as a point source of sanitary effluent prior to impoundment. Figures 2 7 7-2 through 4 show data collected during the RP-49 project 2 Maximum values for Figures 2.7.7-2 and 3 were found in the river channel. The maximum for Figure 2.7.7-4 (0.36 mg/l) was observed at Station J; whereas, levels in the channel area above the confluence of this tributary, averaged 0.32 mg/1. In general, data prior to McGuire construction activity indicates that nitrate levels are higher in the main channel, and because of the greater flow of the Catawba, it is presumed to be the major source. I Figure 2.7.7-5 illustrates the approximate station location and average surface I nitrate values for summer and fall of 1973, Figure 6.1.1-1 and 6.1.1-2 for McGuire Q27 Stations. Nitrate levels in Ramsey Creek (Stations 3, 4, 5, and 6) and Davidson Creek (Stations 10 and 11), areas subject to res!dential stress and construction ] related stress, are approximately an order of magnitude lower than in the main j channel. ' The possibility of algal synthesis of nitrate in these areas was investigated. ] - (%,/ Table 2.7.7-3 contains algal nutrient data taken from Secchi depth. Organic nitrogen values for Ramsey Creek are less than 75% of the main channel stations l ER 2.7-48 Revision 1
reported. At decreasing Station 109 (McGuire Station 1) all forms of nitrogen show a trend. 2.7 7.2 Coli form Bacteria Another indicator of environmental stress associated with human activity along reservoir shoreline is the number and kinds of coliform organisms. Coliforms are organisms found in the gut of warm blooded animals (fecal) and in the soil and on grain (non-fecal sources)3,4 Figure 2.7.7-6 through Figure 2 7.7-11 I depict total coliform and fecal coliform ratios measured by the Mecklenburg County numbers. Heal th Department at thei r stations which coincide with McGuire station (Note station numbers used for Figures 2.7.7-6 through 11 are McGuire study station numbers, refer to Figure 6.1.1-1 for McGuire S tation Location. At five of the stations fecal coliforms were measurable only in August, and then only during one out of the three years monitored. Furthermore, the year in which
- f. coliforms were measurable was not the same for all stations. At a sixth ste . ion (10) f. coliforms were measurable only during one of the three years monitored.in both June and August, but again
- f. collform count never exceeded approximately 50 org/100 ml, as stipulated by state standards.
2 7.7 3 Marshall Steam Station - Condenser Discharge The effects of Marshall's use of hypolimnetic water is noticeable in late summer at the height of thermal stratification. Hypolimnetic oxygen has been depleted and the concentration of reduced substances (primarily manganese and iron) has reached a maximum. Discharging this high oxygen demand water reduces D0 in the epilimnion and turns the water " black" as the oxidized species of manganese began to precipitate. Figure levels, 2(Note: 7 7-12 demonstrates the effect of Marshall's operation on lake CO 1 from Cowans Ford stations Dam anj numbers in Section each station is 2.7.7 3 indicate distance in miles Catawba River bed). Surface water at Stations 4.5center located and channel of the old 5.0 are supersaturated with D0. Station 10.0 is equivalent to the minimum value allowed by State drinking water standards, rable 2.5.3-4. Dissolved oxygen at Station 13.5 is 3.2 mg/1, and is the lowest surface value reported. Station 14.0 shows some surface aeration but the discharge is quite obvious between I and 2 meters. The D0 at this depth falls to 2.5 mg/1. One mile upstream at Station 15.0 surface 00 is 4.0 mg/1, much less than saturation. Station 20 is apparently i unaf fected by Marshall . Tempe discharge. ratures at Stat ions 13.5, 14.0 and 15.0 reflect the influence of the affects the waterFigures 2.7 7-13 demonstrates the depth to which the discharge column. discrete layering. The profiles The profile at at Station 13.5 at depth 0.3 m depicts j Stations 14.0 and 15.0 are more diffuse, probably due to the counter flow between the discharge and the main channel. Temperature, D0 and manganese are plotted in Figure 2.7.7-14. Manganese con-centrations are maxima when temperatures are maxima and DO minimal. Manganese values at all stations reported are equal to or exceed the 0.05 mg/l minimum value 2 5 3-6)S. listed for Surface Water Criteria for Public Water Supplies (Table ER 2.7-49 Revision 1 (Carry over)
i r Manganese levels at the Mooresville, Davidson and Huntersville municipal water intakes were 0.05, 0.07, 0.03 mg/l respectively, and the water was supersatur?.ted v with D0, on August 28, 1973 Water quality at these intakes, as discussed in Section 2 5.3.3, exceeds the required standards. However, parameters discussed ; above at Stations 13.5, 14.0 and 15.0 between Marshall and the legal mixing ; zone of McGuire Nuclear Station do not meet these standards. l 2.7.7.4 Marshall Steam Station - Ash Basin Discharge A study was conducted on September 29, 1973, in the Marshall intake cove to assess the impact of ash basin effluent on Lake Nornen. Sampilng locations are shown in Figure 2.7.7-15 and results are given in Table 2.7.7-4. ' At Stations A and B, on the lake and plant sides of the skimmer wall, respec- l tively, iron and manganese generally increase with depth. Ash basin discharge ; passes through a pipe (Station X) to a discharge structure (AC) and into the intake cove (Y) and then through Marshall Intake structure (E). The ash basin i discharge has a high dissolved oxygen content, turbidity slightly higher than most of Norman surface water, pH near 7.0 and an alkalinity about twice as ! high as surface water at Station A. The conductivity of the ash basin dis- ! charge is ten times higher than surface water at Station A, Indicating a high j concentration of ions in the discharge. Chloride is two times higher than at Station A. I ron is the only metal which is in lower concentration in the ash , basin discharge. Of the other metals only calcium is more than 2 to 4 times ; higher than the surface water at Station A. ! The ash basin effluent is rapidly diluted in the intake cove to roughly half t of the discharge structure concentrations. In the center of the cove the con- t centrations are diluted even more with only Mn and Ca at a higher concentration j than the water at Station B and are still not decreased to the concentration . of the Station B water (hypolimnetic Station A water) by the time it reaches the Marshall intake structure. Concentrations of the other metals at Marshall i Intake stucture were generally similar to values in the hypolimnetic water { at Station A, Indicating that the ash basin drainage has little effect on i Lake Norman. The average annual flow from the ash basin discharge is approx- l Imately 0.75 cms (26 dfs) compared to a flow through the condenser system ! of approximately 51.25 cms (1810 cfs). i 2 7.7.5 Turbidity ! I Turbidity is a measure of opaqueness in water caused by suspended particulate matter. Turbidity derives partly from allochthonous sources which originate upstream or from tributaries feeding Lake Norman, and as runoff f rom shoreline ; areas. The principal sources of autochthonous turbidity are algae and zoo- I plankton 6. Iron and manganese are additional sources of turbidity. As the lake overturns in the fall (usually during November) these two metals will react with oxygen forming precipitates which ma- 4 screase the turbidity. Turbidity is expected to be less in the main be.cy if a lake than in the up- : stream portion of the lake or tributaries feed e t, since large and heavier
- particulate matter would settle out faster in t. slower moving water of the lake proper 7. i ER 2.7-50 Revision 1 l (Carry over) l l
1
}
The primary effect of increased turbidity in a body of water is reduced light penetration 6. Reduced light penetration may affect primary producers by reduction of the euphotic zone. Some of the algae in the deeper water may be lost from the lake due to the shading effect. Reducing the depth of the euphotic zone may tend to concentrate algae within a smaller volume, thus possibly affecting zooplankton, and consequently fish. Another effect of increased turbidity is to raise the water temperature by adsorbing heats . This effect is slight except at high levels of turbidity, which are rarely or never attained at Lake Norman (Figure 2.7.7-16). In order to examine the turbidity loading of Lake Norman, 43 locations were sampled on October 31, 1973, as listed in Table 2.7.7-5 There was a general decrease in turbidity downstream, from in excess of 20 JTU below Lookout Shoals Dam to less than 10 JTU in Cowans Ford Dam forebay. Similar decreases are ob-served down-t ributary. These decreases are the result of settilng of the par-ticulate matter in the slower moving water of the main body of the lake. The discharge of hypolimnetic cooling water, which generally is higher in tur-bidity due to an accumulation of debris and organic detritus as well as Iron and manganese which become oxidized as previously discussed, into the upper waters of the lake caused higher turbidity readings in the vicinity of Mar-shall. The turbidity of the water had de. creased by the time it reached
; location 27, Figure 2.7.7-16 (refer to Figure 6.1.1-1 and Figure 6.1.1-2 for
'icGui re monthly station locations). 027 O
l 9' l l l ER 2.7-51 Revision I l (Carry over)
LITERATURE CITED IN 2.7.7 , f 1 Likens, G. E. and Bormann, F.'H. 1972. " Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems," \ M John A Viens (ed.) Ecosystem Structure and Function, Oregon State University Press. pgs. 25-67 i 2 Jensen, L. D. , D. K. Brady, ~R. F. Gray, and W. D. Adai r. 1973 Thermal and Water Quality Characteristics of Lake Norman. In_ L. D. Jensen (ed.) . Environmental responses to thermal discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina, Part 1. Electric Power Research , institute, Cooling Water Research Project (RP49), Johns Hopkins Univer-sity, Baltimore. , 3 Pelczar, Jr., M. J. and R. D. Reid. 1965 Microbiology 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co. pgs. 503-509 ; 4 Wolf, Harold W. 1972. "The Coliform Count as a Measure of Water Quality," g Ralph Mitchell (ed.) Water Pollution Microbiology, John Wiley and Son, Inc.: New York. pgs. 333-345 5 Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1968. Report of the Committee on Water Quality Criteria. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office. 6 Reid, G. K. 1961. Ecology of inland Waters and Estuaries, Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, pgs. 100-108. p 7 Leet, L. D. and S. Judson. 1965 Physical Geology, 3rd Ed. Prentice Hall: Q Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. () ER 2.7-52
e
2.8 BACKGROUND
RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERlSTICS 2.8.1 VARIATIONS IN BACKGROUND Background radiation and radioactivity levels,both from natural and man-made sources throughout the country, vary considerably from place to place, even on a local level. This variation occurs not only from place to place, but the levels at a given place will vary from time to time as well. The variation from place to place is to be expected, when one considers that the terrestrial com-ponent of natural background depends upon the geology of the area and is dependent on various mixtures of some 40 naturally-occurring radioactive elements (or some 80 naturally-occurring radionuclides). However, the major portion of the human exposure results from naturally-occurring potassium-40, and from the uranium and thorium series of radionuclides. Since these materials are not distributed uniformly throughout the earth's crust, the resulting radiation levels are not uniform either. Also, the cosmic-ray component of the natural background radiation varies directly with altitude above sea level and varies also with latitude. Variations in the sum of terrestrial and cosmic-ray back-ground radiation in the United States, on the average, range from a low of about 75 millirem per year in Louisiana and Texas to a high of about 225 millirem per year in Colorado. The average value for the United States is approximately 105 millirem per year; for North Carolina, it is 120 millirem per year from these - sources, and for South Carolina it is 110 miilirem per year f rom these sources.(1) Tables 2.8.1-1 and 2.8.1-2 contain data on regional and site-specific terres-trial and cosmic radiation levels. (Note: Table 2.8.1-1 data weighted on population distribution). Furthermore, man recieves additional dose from the materials he uses for con-struction (30-50 milli rems per year more f rom brick than f rom a wood f rame house, for example), f rom the ai r he breathes, f rom the water he drinks, and f rom the chemicals that make up his own body (about 21 millirems per year just from the naturally-occurring radioactive materials in his own body, from food, water, and air intake). (2) Fallout radioactivity from nuclear weapons and radioactivity from other nuclear installations contribute an extremely small fraction of the average population dose due to natural background radioactivity (for example, perhaps as much as 0.001 millirem per year is contributed from other nuclear facilities). (1) The variations from time to time in the naturally-occurring and the man-made components of background dose (consisting of radioactivity in air and water) are to be expected, based on differences in area and local climatology, including windspeed, temperature, barometric pressure, rainfall and runoff conditions, etc. For example , the concentrations of naturally-occurring radioactive radon gas may vary quite considerably at a given location depending on the weather, with higher concent rat ions being encountered during inversion conditions. Tables 2.8.1-1 and 2.8.1-2 contain regional and site-specific radiological data for McGuire Nuclear Station. This data includes both natural background radio-activity levels and results of analyses performed to determine background con-centrations of specific radionuclides in important biota, surface water, and milk. O ER 2.8 1 l L
i
)
2.
8.2 REFERENCES
w (1) " Estimates of ionizing Radiation Doses in the United States 1960-2000" Craft, June 1971, Special Studies Group, Division of Criteria and Standards, Office of Radiation Programs, Environmental Protection Agency . i (2) L. R. Solon, et al " Investigation of Natural Environmental Radiation" Science 131, 903 (1960) i i
~
i l 3 i a p i r t
.h e I i
I i r i O ! ER 2.8-2 f i
2.9 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES l The environmental features of the McGuire site are discussed in the scope , of the preceding topics. i I I 1 J 4 O+ ] 1 O ER 2,9-1
Population Distribution By Sector O o-5 5-io io-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 Totai N 55 718 4,14 2 29,985 6,845 7,346 49,091 NNE I47 442 6,528 9,684 7,043 9,345 33,189 NE 233 4,500 12,16 9 6,437 16,910 24,913 65,162 l l ENE 277 1,394 13,825 25,405 39,225 19,648 99,774 1 E 250 1,768 24,833 30#49 6,9 61 22,790 87251 ESE 226 2,970 6,010 6,657 9,562 10,312 35,737 SE 294 2,062 55,535 17'096 18,957 15,073 10 9,0l7 q SSE I60 3,290 188,758 37,884 12,816 10,908, 253,816 V S 99 4,382 25,990 13,752 4 6,913 11,600 102,736 SSW 45 4,400 27765 7'11 9 12,372 5,605 57306 SW 332 2,460 63,986 20,367 5,400 6,040 98,575 WSW 358 3,625 12,408 21,15 5 33,627 32,019 103,192 W 17 8 1,670 13,900 12,700 15,271 10,252 53,971 WNW 2 01 1,290 6,612 7'850 12,5 01 3 4,916 63,370 NW 299 513 8,495 34,603 46,947!41,493 132,350 q f NNW 321 425 4,133 9,729 12,763 8,380 35,751 7 l d, Total 3,465 35,909 475.089 291,072 304.113 270,640i,38Q28E \
ER TABLE 2.2 .1- 2 ESTIMATED PO PUL ATION DISTRIBUTION FOR 1980 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-10 10 - 2 0 20 -30 30-40 40-50 TOTAL N O O O 33 34 882 4 816 34475 8003 8290 56533 NNE O O 49 13 12 8 5I4 7502 l1042 8188 10793 38229 NE O O 53 47 208 5763 13889 6935 19297 30529 76721 ENE O O 87 198 74 180C 14950 27373 42321 24192 !!O995 E O O 16 6 38 12I 2293 26863 33060 7367 23776 93684 ESE 25 !O4 49 70 45 3852 7207 7181 10 014 10603 39210 SE O 29 83 'l26 14 9 2674 72024 21823 22347 17528 136778 SSE O 21 34 38 11 5 4267 244826 48947 15087 12634 325969 l S O 17 0 58 71 5681 33710 16799 54493 13065 123894 t SSW O O 22 19 12 5143 32082 8262 I4373 610 2 66015 SW O 11 0 3 355 2826 73510 23376 6277 7048 113406 WSW O 33 54 130 18 8 416 3 14254 23604 36798 36450 l15674 W 7 l 13 0 22 43 0 1890 15786 14414 16638 10842 59772 WNW O 3 13 0 65 29 1460 7501 9065 14157 39316 71726 l NW O 25 76 15 5 83 5 81 9988 40934 54604 46487 152933 NNW O 36 46 65 216 485 4888 l1470 15404 9585 42195 TOTAL 32 409 8 71 1087 1828 44274 583796 338760 345368 307300 1623734 2 _2. 9 CT O ( 5 ~ O O O
O O l' l ER Table 2.2.2-1 Industries Within 10 Miles Key Number of Symbol Name Employees Type of Business M-1 McCall Chai r Company 30 Platform Rockers & Reclining Chairs M-2 Lee's Sausage Company 8 Process Pork , M-3 Florida Steel Company 320 Manufacture Reinforcing Bars M-4' ' Atlanta Hardwood Corporation 20 Kiln Dry Lumber M-5 General Tirme (Tally Ind.) 598 Manufacture Automoblie Clocks M-6 Bridgeport Fabrics 20 Coat innerseal Gaskets M-7 Colt industry 116 Manufacture Electrical Discharge Machines. ' i M-8 J. P.-Stevens 700 Manufacture Textiles M-9 Gaston County Dyeing Machine Company 500 Manufacture Dyeing Machine and Bleaching Equipment M-10 Galey & Lord (Bu r l i ng ton Ind.) 275 . Manufacture Knit Yarn M-Il Field Crest Mills 110 Manufacture Cotton Yarn M-12 American & Efrid Mills 180 Manufacture Knit Yarn M-13 Singer Furniture Company 25 Make Wood Stock for Furniture M-lh Union Carbide 30 Coat Machine Parts with Ceramics M-15) Reeves Brothers 610 Manufacture Polyeurathane Foam i i M-16)' M Queens Candy Kitchen 5 Make Candy M-18 Piedmont Natural Gas (Duncan Plant) 10 Liquify Natural Gas M-19 Transcontinental Pipeline 38 . Pump & Compressor Gas _ ; i M-20 Crewco 50 Make Knit Shirts M-21 Magia Products 60 Cut and Sew Household items
?? !
E 5. C *. 0" o
-- 3 O', I
ER Table 2.2.2-2 Domestic Vater Sucolies KEY INTAKE COUNTY AND AVERAGE DAILY POPULATION NUMBER NAME STATE SOURCE USE - MGD SERVED 1 Catawba Catawba, N. C. Ground Not Available Not Available 2 Mooresville Iredell, N. C. Lake Norman 4.0 9,000 3 Maiden Catawba, N. C. Ground Not Available Not Available 4 Maiden Catawba, N. C. Maiden Creek 1.0 2,000 5 Davidson Mecklenburg, N. C. Lake Norman .75 4,000 6 Cornelius Mecklenburg, N. C. Ground 0.20 1,700 7 Lincolnton #1 Lincoln, N. C. South Fork Catawba River 22.6 14,200 8 Lincolnton #2 Lincoln, N. C. Clark Creek .60 9 Concord Cabarrus, N. C. Coldwater Creek 12 26,000 10 Huntersville Mecklenburg, N. C. Ground 50 1,800 11 Stanley Gaston, N. C. Hoyle Creek 0.76 3,300 12 Charlotte #1 Mecklenburg, N. C. Mt. Island Lake 25.0 280,000 13 Charlotte #2 Mecklenburg, N. C. Mt. Island Lake 24.0 14 Bessemer City Gaston, N. C. Long Creek 1.05 5,000 15 Gastonia Gaston, N. C. South Fork Catawba River 15.0 42,000 16 Mt. Holly Gaston, N. C. Lake Wylie 6,500 1.35 17 McAdenv lie Gaston, N. C. G round 0.23 1,100 18 C r ame r tc >n Gaston, N. C. South Fork Catawba River 1.0 Not Available 19 Belmont Gaston, N. C. Lake Wylie 5.10 8,000 20 Springs 'ii l l s York, S. C. Catawba River 0.7 Not Available 21 Rock Hii York S. C. Catawba River 4.0 Not Available 22 Springs Mills Lancaster, S. C. Catawba River 15.5 Not Available 23 Chester Chester, S. C. Catawba River 2.65 Not Available 4 l 24 Midas Spriny Mecklenburg, N. C. Ground Not Available Not Available l Water, Inc. Revision 4 e _ O G
ER Table 2 5 2-1 (Sheet 1 of 2) 1 N Results of Physical and Chemical Tests On Groundwater WELL NUMBER: 1 7 11 10_ ___ 3 2 , (From ER Figure 2.5.2-5) pH VALUE 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.1 8.2 TOTAL DISSOLVED Parts Per Million SOLIDS 66 39 55 47 203 86 TOTAL ALKALINITY AS CACO 3 Carbonate 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bicarbonate 38 21 30 23 126 47 TOTAL HARDNESS AS CACO 3 27 18 25 15 41 40 SILICA 1.30 0.75 0.73 0.74 1.12 0.71 IRON 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.50 0.15 C ALC IUM 7.50 3.20 4.60 3.20 8.60 8.90 MAGNESIUM 1.90 2.40 3 20 1.70 4.80 4.30 CHLORIDES 11.20 14.90 11.20 11.20 26.10 18.70 SULFATES 26 7 10 8 20 12 SPECIFIC CONDUC-TANCE (MICROMHOS) 14250 8500 12000 10500 43000 19000 TURBIDITY, ppm 6 5 3 2 12 11 CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF SOILS EXPRESSED AS MILLEQUIVALENT WEIGHT PER 100 GRAMS S0ll (a) BORING DEPTH NUMBER (FEET) CESIUM STRONTIUM (From ER Figure 2.5.2-4) H-41 16 0.622 0.410
, 26 0.350 0.230 V
ER Table 2.5.2-1 (Sheet 2 of 2) Results of Physical and Chemical Tests On Groundwater BORING DEPTH NUMBER (FEET) CESIUM STRONTIUM H-41 (Con t ' d . ) 36 0.338 0.223 47 0.761 0.502 56 0.780 0.514 H-49 6 0.732 0.483 16 0.532 0.351 26 0.523 0.345 36 0.500 0.330 51 0.542 0.357 O a) Millequivalent Weight - one of the comparative weights of different compounds, elements, or radicals (in this case the elements cesium and strontium) which possess the same chemical value for reaction when com-pared by reference to the same standard (in this case chlorine). O
O u
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U ER Table 2.5.2-2 (Sheet 1 of 2) Well Survey Data
- WELL DEPTH TO FLOW SURFACE NUMBER LOCATION DIAMETER DEPTH WATER RATE ELEVATION REMARKS 1 Elmore Stinson. 133' Residence (Re located) 33' into Hager Ferry Road Rock NA NA 825 Jack Robins, Driller 2 Walter Johnson Residence Hager Ferry Road 3" 80' NA 4 gpm 825 McCall Bros., Drillers 3 J. Waller Residence Twin Coves 5" 150' NA 10 gpm 775 McCall Bros., Drillers 4 Mr. Williams Van Every Twin Coves 6-1/4" 100' NA 5 gpm 775 McCall Bros., Drillers 5 Harold Junker Twin Coves NA NA NA NA 790 John Venokal, Driller 6 Mr. Wilhelm F'aul Stewart, Driller Residence Present Well Has Been Dry Twin Coves 6" 325 18' l-1/2 gpm 780 Twice.
7 Mr. M. J. Groves 90' Cotton Baker, Driller Residence 60' into 15' To This Well is Not Being Used Twin Coves 2" Rock 20' 10 gpm 770 At Present Due to Mud & Sand in Water
ER Table 2.5.2-2 (Sheet 2 of 2) Well Survey Data
- WELL DEPTH TO FLOW SURFACE NUMBER LOCATION DIAMETER DEPTH WATER RATE ELEVATION REMARKS 8 Mr. M. J. Groves Twin Coves 2" 80' 10' 5 gpm 770 Cotton Baker, Driller 9 Mr. Earnhardt's Boatdocks Twin Coves 2" 124 NA 3 gpm 765 10 Kenneth Hastings t
Residence N. C. 73 NA NA NA NA 810 11 Mr. Williams l Residence N. C. 73 NA NA NA NA 775 12 Mr. Hubbard Residence N. C. 73 NA NA NA NA 780 Cotton Baker Driller 13 Mr. McAllister l Residence l N. C. 73 NA NA NA NA 770 Cotton Baker, Driller
- Well locations shown on ER Figure 2.5.2-3 NA Data Not Available O O O
ER Table 2.5 3-1 Tributary River Miles Average Discharge' (cfs) Catawba River at Catawba, N. C. 2150 { Ramsey Creek 110.1 l Lucky Creek 111 9 Davidson Creek 113.0 45 Hager Creek Knox Creek Gambles Creek Work Creek i Reeds Creek l Burton (Border) Creek 113.4 6.5 Graham Creek Mountain Creek 119.6 53 North Fork Mountain Creek 11 South Fork Mountain Creek 10 Little Creek 4.5 Beaverdam Creek Bettle Branch Hager Creek 120.1 Hobbs Creek
/T McCrary Creek 123.5 i l (m_/ Holdsclaw Creek 126.1 l Stumpy (Beyers) Creek 127.3 l Cornelius Creek Byers Creek i Mills Branch Rocky (Youngs) Creek 128.0 Hicks (Norwood) Creek 129.4 l Terrapin Creek 131 9 Lyle Creek 139 0 99 Note:
- 1) The column " River Miles" gives the number of miles upstream of the Lake Wateree Dam, South Carolina, where the tributary flowed into the Catawba River.
- 2) Tributary names in parentheses are other names for the same creek.
- 3) Creeks whose name is indented flow into the next non-Indented creek above it in the list.
Sources: Wilder and Slack (1971)l, USGS (1970)2,3, Duke Power Company0 . O
l
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ER Table 2.5.3-2 - August, 1973 - June, 1974 * -
' 1AKE h0RMAN WATER CHEMISTRf DATA =
8-27-73 l Station I 1 1 1 1 Time 08:40 08:40 08:40 08:40 08:40 Test Dept h (me te rs ): 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 4.5m 5.0m Temperature 'C. 26.5 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 ' Dissolved oxygen 8.3 8.2 8.0 7.5 73 Specific conductance 40 43 44 44 45 pH 7.6 73 7.1 6.8 6.7 ' Surface Illumination 2200 i d 1% Surface 111umination 35 - Alkalinity 21 29 Turbidity 7 7 Y Chlorlde 4.0 4.2 l NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.100 0.061 Amonia nitrogen 0.01 0.01 Soluble o phosphorus 0.008
- 0.011 Tctal phosphorus 0.020 . 0.018 Silicon 4.25 4.98 fron 0.15 0.13 Manganese 0.07 0.02 Calclun 2.02 2.07 M:gnesium 1.17 1.19
- l Aluminum 0.74 '
l Cadmium 0.001) l Chroalum 0.00045 ' Copper 0.0114 6 tsad
- I R2rcury
- l Nickel l 0.010 ;
\
Potassiv* 1.65 l Sodium 4.10 Zinc 0.420 All values are as ng/L cxcept pH, specific conductonce (umhor./cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 l Revision 1 Eriti re Page 1 of 158 . Revised
ER Table 2.'5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 8-27-73
\
Station i 1 l' l' l.
- l. i l
Time 08:40 08:40 08:40 08:40 08:40 j Test Dep th (me te rs): 10.0m 15.om 20.0m 25.0m 30.om f -l Temperature *C. 25.7 22.5 18.2 15.0 14.2 ! Dissolved oxygen 6.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 l Specific conductance 46 48
-I
'50 50 52- 1 pH 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.2 . l' ! !
Surface Illumination i 1% Surface 111uminatton
' t
- I i
Alkalinity 24 26 28 26 17 Turbidity -6 8 21 21 i 19
~
\
Chlorlde 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.3 , NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.031 0.033 0.138 0.175 0.490 i Amonta nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01. -l I Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.008- ' ( Total phosphorus 0.006 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.022 ; Silicon 4.90 4.90 5.95
^
5.13 5.28 fron 0.15 0 37 0.57 0.49 '0.27 l 6 Manganese 0.03 0.41 0.63. 0.62 2.00 ,1 Calcium 2.04 2.29 2.25' 2 30- . 1. 87. ; 4t 'e Magnesium 1.17 1.30 1.28 ~1 .28' { -f l.27. l I Aluminum l .. i Cadmium Chromium {-lt
- Copper.
' .l
.. Lead '
j Mercury I '
.t Nickel e
. Potassium ~
- 'I I
Sodium
- Zinc I
-l All values' are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jacks'on Turbidity. Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. (na-not available) ]-l^ '
Revision 1 Entire Page. -; 2 of 158' Revised -l
f
.,.,..w.,-
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NOP. MAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 8-27-73 Station 1 2 2 2 2 Tine 08:40 09:15 09:15 09: 15 09: 15 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 34.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 4.5m Temperature 'C. 13.5 27.0 26.9 26.5 26.0 Dissolved oxygen 0.0 8.6 8.3 7.9 79
~
5pecific conductance 61 34 35 39 ~44-pH 6.5 7.5 7.4 7.0 6.8 Surface illumination 2200 1% Surface Illumination 35 - Alkalinity 33 23
..s Turbidity 38 8 Chloride k.5 3.6 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.290 0.032 Ammonia nitrogen 0.01 0.01 -{ ' ,. t Soluble o phosphorus 0.006 0.005 l lotal phosphorus 0.036 0.021 .
Silicon 6.02 5.15 i fron 0.97 0.14 I I Manganese 2.62 0.06 l l Calcium 1.65 1.88 I Magnesium 1.49 1.1 '/ I Aluminum 0.08 I Cadmlum 0.0007 . i Chromium 0.00062 , Copper 0.0051 Lead Mercury *
- Nickel 0.010 . ,
Fotassium 1.70 j , Sodlum 4.10 I Zinc 0.055 l All values are a mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l Turbidity Units). m = meters.. Surf. 111., ft, candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 l Revision 1 , Entire Page Revised l 1 3 of 158
T ER Tabl'e 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 8-27-73
\}'
Station 2 2 3 3 3 Time 09: 15 09: 15 09:30 09:30 09:30 Test Dep t h (re t e r s): 5.0m 6.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m !
. Temperature *C. 25 9 25.5 27 5 27.0 26.5 Dissolved oxygen 7.6 7.2 8.8 8.6 8.4 Specific conductance 44' 45 40 39 40 pH 6.8 6.7 7.7 77 7.5 Surface Illumination '
2500 1% Surface Illumination 35 - Alkallnity 24 24 24 Turbidity 8 '7 7 Chloride 3.6 35 3.8
~
NO3+NO2 nltrogen 0.031 0 925 0.036 Ammo,la nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01
~ ~
Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 (p) Total phosphorus 0.019 0.016 0.017.
%d Silicon 5 11 5.25 5 12 fron 0.14 0.14 0.13 Hanganese 0.06 0.06 0.03 Calcium 1.82 1 90 1 76 *% Magnesium 1.16 1.17 1.13 : ,
I Aluminum 0.13 I Cadmium 0.0009 i Chromium 0.00045 Copper 0.0050 , Lead i Mercury
- Nickel 0.010 I ,
Potasslum 1.65 Sodium 4.00 Q Zinc 0.031 All values are as rig /L ucept pH, spe:lfic conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson 1 Turbidity Uc.it.). m = ncters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 4 of 158 Entire Page Revised!
11 ER Tabie 2.5.3-2 (cont.) i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 8-27-73
$tation 3 3 3 4 4 Time 09:30 09:30 09:30 09:50 09:50 Test Dep th (me t e rs) : 4.5m 5.0m 8.5m 0.3m 1.5m Temperature 'C. 26.0 26.0 25.7 27.0 27.0 Olssolved oxygen 8.1 . 8.0 72 8.8 8.6 Specific conductance 44' 43 46 46 50.
pH 7.2 6.8 7.1 7.6 7.7 Surface Illumination 2400 1% Surface lilumination - 35-Alkallnity 24 24 26 Turbidity 7 7 6 Chloride 37 3.6 3.7 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.025 0.019 0.017 Ammonta nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01
~
Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.018 0.013 0.017 Silicon 5 30 5.46 4.96 fron 0.05 0.02 0.02 Manganese 0.02 0.01 0.01 Calcium 1.85 1.82 1.85 H2gneslum 1.16 1.15 1.16 Aluminum 0.13 , Cadalum 0.0009 Chromium 0.00102 Copper 0.0060 ; lead Mercury Nickel 0,o}o , Potassium 1.65 Sodium - 3.95 Zinc na All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 Turbidity Units), m - meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 na = not available Revision 1 l
" " *9 * * '
5 of 155 i
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA g 8-27-73 Station 4 4 4 4 5 Time 09:50 09:50 09:50 09:50 10:15 Test Dept h (me te rs): 3.0m 4.5m 5.0m 9.0m 0.3m Temperature *C. 26.9 26.5 26.0 25.5 27.0 Olssolved oxygen B.6 8.3 3.1 6.3 8.8 Spectfic conductance 350' 41 42 44 39 pH 7.6 7.4 7.2 6.5 7.5 . Surface illumination 2500 It Surface Illumination . 4.0 Alkalinity ?3 27 24 Turbidity 7 9 6 Chloride 3.7 3.6 37 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.022 0.015 0.017 Ammonia nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.007 Total phosphorus 0.020 0.016 0.015 Silicon 5.12 4.88 4.99 fron 0.10 0.02 0.02 Manbanese 0.01 0.02 0.03 Calcium 1.71 1.86 1.81 Magneslum 1.11 1.18 1.15 Aluminum 0.16 Cadmium . 0.0009 Chromium 0.00078 Copper 0.0233 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.65 m Sodlum 4.00 f Zinc 0.055 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 Entire Page Re s ed 6 of 158 -
l ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) ,; b LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY DATA 8-27-73 Station 5 5 5 5 5 Time 10:15 10:15 10:15 10:15 10:15 Test Dept h (rre t e rs): 1.5m 3.0m 4.5m 5.0m 10.0m Temperature 'C. 26.9 26.1 25 5 25.5 25.5 Dissolved oxygen 8.4 8.2 7.8 7.7 6.9 Specific conductance 40 42 45 44 46.
^
pH 7.4 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.6 Surface 111umination 1% Surface Illumination . Alkallnity 22 25 Turbidity 7 6 051erlde 3.7 3.7 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.018 0.025 Ammonia nitrogen 0.01 0.01 Soluble o phosphorus O.005 0.005 Total phosphorus . 0.017 0.018 5Ii1 con 4.83 5.49 fron 0.01 0.01 Manganese 0.02 0.04 Calcium 1 76 1.67 Magnesium 1.15 1.21 Aluminum Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury
- Nickel Potassium .
Sodium
- 1 2inc All values are as mg/L except pH. specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Si l
Turbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1. l' 7 of 158 . Entire Page Revised i i , _ n
l ER Tabie 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) 1.AKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA [ 8-27-73
\'> Station 6 6 6 6 6 Time 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:00 ,
Test Depth (meters): 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 4.5m 5.0m ' ' Temperature 'C. 27 0 26.8 26.5 26.5 25 7 l Dissolved oxygen 8.3 8.4 8.0 79 77 '
- Specific conductance 40 42 42 43 44 pH 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.9 I Surface Illumination 3200 l
1% Surface Illumination 4.0
- Alkalinity 22 23 Turbidity 7 6 Chloride 3.2 3.8 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.012 0.005 -
Ammonia nitrogen 0.01 0.01 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 O.005 i Total phosphorus 0.016 0.016 Silicon 5.18 4.85 Iron 0.13 0.16 Manganese 0.01 0.01 i Calcium 1.84 1.78 ;
*4 Magneslum 1.19 1.19 Aluminum na Cadatum na Chromium na Copper na.
. Lead
- Hercury
- Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.60 6 Sodium 3 95 t h y/ Zinc na All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umbos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 na = not available l Revision 1 8 of 158 -
Entire Page Revised )'
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 8-27-73 Station 6 7 7 7 7 Time 11:00 11:37 11:37 11:37 11:37 Test D ep t h (me t e rs) : 9.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 4.5m i Temperature 'C. 25.4 27.5 26.5 26.0 25.8 ! I Dissolved oxygen 6.3 93 8.9 7.3 6.9 l Specific conductance 46' 45 46 45 45 l pH 6.4 8.2 8.0 6.8 6.6 I Surface Illumination 3400 1% Surface 111umination - 30 . Alkalinity 23 23 Turbidity 7 9 Chloride 3.6 3.6 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.035 0.032 Ammonia nitrogen 0.01 0.01 Soluble o phosphorus 0.008 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.012 0.020 Stitcon 4.52 5 21 fron 0.16 0.14 Manganese 0.01 0.02 Calcium 1 74 1.76 i Magnesium 1.18 1.21 Aluminum 0.18
. 1 Cadmium 0.0011 Chromium 0.00070 i Copper 0.0053 l
Lead I Mercury Nickel 0,010 Potassium 1.65 Sodlum 4.00 Zinc 0.055 All values are as nig/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 i Revision 1 ! Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , n LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 8-27-73 Station 7 10 10 10 10 Time 11:37 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 Test Oco t h (me te rs) : 5.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 4.5m Temperature 'C. 25.8 27.0 26.2 26.0 25 5 Olssolved oxygen 6.5 8.6 8.8 8.4 7.3 specifle conductance 46' 39 39 42 44 . pH 6.5 7.6 7.7 71 6.8 ! Surface illumination 3600 l 1% Surface 111umination - 4.0 . Alkallnity 25 25 Turbidity 11 8 Chlorlde 3.4 3.5 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.017 0.012 Anunonia nitrogen 0,01 0.01 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 O Total phosphorus 0.022 0.017 . I Sillcon 5 15 4.72 Iron 0.14 0.05 Manganese 0.03 0.07 Calcium 1.77 1.94 Magnesium 1.16 1.24 Aluminum 0.21 Cadmium 0.0013 Chromium 0.00086 - l l topper 0.0107 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.65 m Sodlum 4.10-Zinc 0.056 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 10 of 15g Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 8-27-73 Station 10 11 11 11 11 Time 12:00 12:40 12:40 12:40 12:40 Test Oept h (me te r s) : 5.0m 0.3m 1.5m 1.0m 4.5m Temperature 'C. 25.5 27.0 26.5 26.0 25.5 Dissolved oxy 9en 7.1 7.7 6.5 59 5.8 Specific conductance 42 29 50 50 48-pH 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.3 Surface illumination 3700 It Surface 111uminatlon - 2.5 - Alkallnity 25 25 Turbidity 6 6 Chloride 35 3.5 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.007 0.128 Ammonia nitrogen 0.01 0.01 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.025 0.012 . Sillcon 4.99 4.10 Iron 0.11 0.01 Manganese 0.06 0.15 Calcium 1.81 1.95 Magnesium 1.20 1.27 Aluminum 0.21 Cadmlum 0.0016 Chromium 0.00143 Copper 0.0087 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.70 , Sodlum 3.70 Zinc 0.020 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. I'4 Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 l l-I f15f Entire Page Revised ,j
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY 0ATA ,. l Q Station 11 8-27-73 11 11 11 12 ( Time 12:40 12:40 12:40 12:40 13:20 ; Test Dept h (me te rs) : 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 17.0m 0.3m Temperature *C. 25.4 25.4 23.0 22 5 28.5 , Olssolved oxygen 5.7 50 0.3 03 93 5 Specific conductance 49 49 50 50 45 pH 6.3 .6.2 6.0 6.0 7.6 Surface 111umination 4000 1% Surface 111umination - 2.5 Alkalinity 24 27 25 30 26 Turbidity 6 5 6 8 10 Chloride 3.8 35 3.5 3.5 3.4 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.115 0.139 0.132 0.027 0.026 l Ammonta nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 t Total phosphorus 0.015 0.010 0.010; 0.016 0.020
%)
Silicon 5.68 5.42 5.31 5.51 5.10 Iron 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.18 0.11 Manganese 0.16 0.13 0.13 0.61 0.08 Calclum 1.84 1.83 1,83 1.94 1.79 A , Magnesium 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.31 1.18 Aluminum 0.43 Cadmium 0.0006 Chromium 0.00062 Copper 0.0053
. Lead Nercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium , 1.65
- g Sodium 4.10 Zinc 0.064 All values are as rig /L except pH. speelfic conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2
Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111,, ft. candles. 14 Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1. 12 of 15$ Entire Page Revised
~
r-l ER Tab 1'e 2.5.3-2 (cont.) a LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 8-27-73 , Station 12 12 12 13 13 l Time 13:20 13:20 13:20 14:00 14:00 Test De p t h (me t e r s) : 1.5m 3.0m 4.5m 0.3m 1.5m Temperature 'C. 27.5 26.5 26.0 29.5 28.0 Dissolved oxygen 8.8 7.4 6.8 3.8 3.8 l Specific conductance 44 48 50 39 41 l pH 7.4 6.7 6.4 6.1 6.1 Surface 111umination 4100 11 % I me Illumination 2.0
~
Alkalinity 25 27 Turbidity 9 10 Chlorlde 3.8 35 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.065 0.094 Ammon1a nitrogen 0.01' O.01 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 l Total phosphorus 0.020. 0.014 Silicon 5 18 5.21 Iron 0.13 0.20 I I Manganese 0.12 0.36 , Calcium 1,76 1 91 i Magneslum 1.21 1.28 i Aluminum 0.26 Cadmlum 0.0008 ; Chromium 0.00094 , Copper 0.0042 , Lead Nercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.70 , Sodium .4.00 Zinc 0.078 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turtsidi ty Uni t s) . m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candies. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1-13 of 158 . Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA (' 8-27-73 Station 13 13 13 13 13 Time 14:00 14:00 14:00 14:00 14:00 Test Depth (meters): 3.0m 4.5m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m l Temperature 'C. 27 0 26.0 25 9 25.0 23 0 Dissolved oxygen 4.3 4.6 50 2.5 0.2 j 5pectfic conductance 40 43 45 46 53-pH 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.0 59 Surface Illumination 1% Surface illuminatlon - Alkalinity 28 25 Turbidity 14 to Chloride 3.6 3.6 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.087 0.200, i Ammonia nitrogen 0.01 0.01 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.006 Total phosphorus 0.012 0.013 Silicon 4.99 5.65 1ron 0 38 0.12 Manganese 0.66 0.20 : 4 l Calcium 1 99 1.66 Magnesium 1.33 1.33 Aluminum t Cadmlum i Chromium - Copper , Lead ' Mercury
- Nickel i
Potassium '
, g Sodium -
i / j 'Q Zinc All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ). and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft, co rull e s . 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1. 14 of 158 , Entire Page Revised
ER Table'2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 8-27-73 station 16 16 Time 15:45 15:45 Test Oept h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 1.5m - I Temperature *C. ' 26.0 26.0 Olssolved oxygen 6.8 6.8 i ipecific conductance 49 50 . pH 6.4 6.4 Surface Illumination NA 11 Surface Illumination NA . Alkallnity 24 Turbidity 20 Chlorlde 3.6 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.032 Annonia nitrogen 0.01 , Soluble o phosphorus -0.005 Total phosphorus 0.025 .
$11 Icon 4.96 Iron 0.11 Manganese 0.80 ,
i Calcium 2.30 t Magnesium 1.41 Aluminum 0.91 Cadmium 0.0058 g Chromium 0.00029 l Copper 0.0046 Lead i Mercury i l Nickel 0.010 '
~
Fotassium 1.65 Sodium 4.00 Zinc 0.500 All values are as rng/.L except pH. specific conductance (umhos/cm2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 na = not available I Revision 1 15 of 158 . Entire Page Revised
l l ER Table'2.5 3-2 (cont.) p LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY DATA 9-24-73 Station 1 i 1 1 1 Time Test Dept h (ene te rs) : 0.3m 1.5m 3 0m 5.om 6.5m j Temperature *C. 25.2 25 2 25.0 25.0 24.9 Dissolved oxygen 7.1 71 6.9 6.9 6.1 , Specific conductance 29 31 33 35 37-pH 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6
- I Surface Illumination 2600 l 1% Surface 111umination 4.' 5 . <
Alkalinity 12 12 Turbidity 5 6 Chloride 4.7 4.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.020 0.024 l I Ammonia nitrogen 0.012 0.017 t Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 l Total phosphorus 0.011 . 0.012 ! SI1 Icon 5 30 5.26 e i Iron 0.02 0.07 , Manganese 0.03 0.04 Calcium 2.33 2 34 '
'S Magnesium li 1.22 1.23 s Aluminum O.IB l
Cadmium 0.0031 g Chromium C.00420 Copper 0.0039
. Lead * '
Mercury
- Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.65 ,
Sodium 4.35 d 2inc 0.080 i All values are as rng/L cxcept r11 specific c.onductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson m - i,eters. Suri. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111.. m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Turbidity Units)b e) (na - not availa l Revision ) Entire Page Revised m ;
!I -
,l ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) ..
i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA j 9-24-73 i Station 1 1 1 1 I 1 Time Test Ocpth(meters): 8.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 25.0m Temperature 'C. 24.6 24.6 20 5 17.6 15.0 I Dissolved oxygen 5.8 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Specific conductance 38 39 48 48 48 pH 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.3 Surface illuminatton I 1% Surface Illumination - Alkalinity ' 12 16 15 15 Turbidity 7 8 25 33 Chlorlde 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.7 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.022 0.003 0.010 0.167 Ammonia nitrogen 0.039 0.236 0.178 0.188 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.011 0.039 . 0.050 0.019 5i1 Icon 5.03 5.06 5.01 5 34 i fron O.14 1.28 'O.94 0.81 Manganese l 0.68 . 1.15 0.89 0.89 Calclum l 2 30 2.44 2.45 2.45 Magneslum l 1.23 1 31 1 33 1 34 i Aluminum Cadmium I t Chromlum l Copper Lead
- Mercury Wlckel i
rotassium l . o I sodlum i 1 i 2inc l All values are as ing/L except pH. trecific conductance (urnhos/cm 2
), and turbidity (Jackson lur teidi t y Uni t s) . m = n.e t e r s . Surf. 111., ti, c..nd l e s . It 1,urf. III., m.
Revision.1 l , y7 , Entire Page Revised ,
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA V' Station 1 9-24-73 2 2 2 2 Time Test Depth (meters): 30.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 5.0m ; Temperature 'C. 14.0 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 1
- l Dissolved oxygen 0.0 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.0 l Speelfic conductance 49 32 35 37 38 l pH 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 .
Surface Illumination 2600 1% Surface 111umination 4.5 [ Alkalinity 14 12 12 Turbidity 35 7 5 f Chloride 4.9 5.0 4.9 I NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.182 0.029 0.025 ! Ammonia nitrogen 0.121 0.019 0.017 , Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 ; Total phosphorus 0.017 0.011 0.011 't
$11 Icon 5.26 5.39 5 34 iron 0 94 0.03 0.01 1
Manganese 0.99 0.01 0.01 i Calclum 2.54 2.30 2 39 !
.% i Magnesium 1.35 1.22 1.23 Aluminum 0.05 i
Cadmium 0.0041 , i > Chromium 0.00082 Copper 0.0025 ,. l . Lead Mercury. ; I Nickel 0.010 l , Potassium 1.65 , 6 l Sodium 4.15 I Zinc 0.050 , All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson i Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. III., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 i Revision i Entire Page Revised 18 of 158-
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) '
^
LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY DA'IA 9-24-73 station 2 3 3 3 3 Time Test Depth (meters): 6.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 5.0m Temperature *C. 24.9 25.2 25.2 25.1 24.6 Dissolved oxygen 6.9 73 72 6.8 5.4 Specific conductance 39 30 34 36 38 pH 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.5 Surface 111umination 2900 11 Surface illumination 35 Alkalinity 12 12 12 Turbidity 7 6 6 Chloride 5.1 4.7 4.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.023 0.021 0.015 Ammonia nitrogen 0.017 0.009 0.020 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.012 0.012 0.011 Silicon 5.34 5.34 5 21 < tron 0.00 0.01 0.05 Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.00 Calcium 2.28 2.34 2.33 Magneslum 1.21 1.23 1.22 Aluminum o,o7 Cadmlum 0.0049 Chromium 0.00054 Copper 0.01I/ Lead l Mercury i Nickel o,olo
~
( Potassium 1.70 Sodium , 3.90 Zinc o,057 All values are os eng/L cxcept pH, speci fic conduc t.o.c e' (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. 11!., ft. c.o.a l e s il Surf. I I l . , m. *To Legin Jan. 1974 I Revi sion -1 l 19 of 15,8 Entire Page Revised l
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA g 9-24-73 , Station 3 4 4 4 4 Time Test De pt h (me te r s) : l 7.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 5.0m Temperature 'C. 24.6 25.3 25.2 25.0 25.0 Olssolved oxygen 4.8 79 77 7. 6 7.6 Specific conductance 40 36 38 39 40 pH 6.4 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Surface illumination 3200
. 1% Surface 111umlnntion 4.5 Alkalinity 11 12 12 Turbidity 10 7 5 Chloride 4.9 5.2 5.2 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.016 0.010 0.011 Ammonia nitrogen 0.040 0.011 0.011 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 l (p-- . Total phosphorus 0.012 0.012 0.012 l
1 i Silicon 5 21 5.08 4.95 fron 0.76 0.04 0.02 Hanganese. 0.07 0.00 0.00 - l Calclun 2.16 2.31 2 38
.i i Magneslum 1.23 1.22 1.22 Aluminon 0.05 Cadmium 0.0031 ,
Chrom 1oni 0.00066 ;. Copper 0.0025 ,
. Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.65 Sodium 4.10 Zinc 0.050 All values are as rg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhes/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity " nits). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 20 of 158 Entire Page Revised
e ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.)
- I l LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 9-24-73 station 4 4 4 5 5 Time Tast Depth (me t e rs) : 6.5m 8.0m 10.0m 0.3m 1.5m Temperature *C. 24.9 24.8 24.6 25.5 25.4 Olssolved oxygen 7.3 7.2 7.0 73 7.2 Specific conductance 42 43 44 44 46 pH 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 Surface illumination 3300 i 1% Surface Illumination 35 .
I Alkalinity 12 12 Turbid 1ty 8 11 Chloride 5.9 51 NO3 + 1102 nitrogen 0.010 0.016 Ammonia nitrogen 0.009 0.022 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.014 0.013 Silicon 5.01 5.21 fron 0.03 0.16 Manganese 0.00 0.03 Calcium 2 32 2.36 Magneslum 1.21 1.22 Aluminum 0.90 Cadmium 0.0052 , Chromium 0.00078 , Copper 0.0053 ; Lead Mercury Nicke1 0.010 , Potasslum . 1.75 i Sodlum 4.05 Zinc 0.129 All values are as mg/L cxcept pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision,1 l Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) p LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA k_, 9-24-73 Station 5 5 5 5 5 1.me Test Depth (meters): 3.0m 5.0m 6.5m 8.0m 10.0m Temperatore *C. 25.1 25.0 25.0 24.6 24.5 Dissolved oxygen 73 7.2 7.1 56 55 l l Specific conductance 47 47 48 48 48 pH 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.4 Surface illumination i 11 Surface Illumination Alkalinity 12 , 11 Turbidity 17 20 Chlorlde 5.1 55 I NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.009 0.007 Anunonia nitrogen 0.032 '0.039 Coluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 O Total phosphorus 0.013 0.016 Silicon 5.59 5.32 I 1 fron 0.27 0 93 Manganese 0.03 0.29 Calcium 2.33 . 2.21
,% i Magnesium 1.21 1.22 Aluminum
. n Cadmium .
Chromium , Copper
=
Lead Mercury Nickel Potassium , q Sodium Zinc All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umbos/cm2 ), and turbidity (Jackson i Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft, candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 Entire Page Revised 22 M $'
l ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 9-24-73 station 5 6 6 6 6 Time Test Oe p t h (me t e rs) : 12.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 4.0m Temperature *C. 24.5 25.8 25.5 24.9 24.6 Olssolved oxygen 5.0 7.6 7.4 6.7 6.3 Specific conductance 47 41 42 44 44 pH 6.3 6.8 6.6 7.0 6.9 Surface Illumination 3406 i It Surface Illumination 35 Alkalinity 11 13 Turbidity 8 7 Chloride 5.3 5.7 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.014 0.010 0.008 Ammonia nitrogen 0.043 0.018 0.033
~
Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.018 0.013 0.012 Silicon 5.14 5 30 5.14 Iron 0.20 0.07 0.07 Hanganese 0.02 0.00 0.00 l Calcium 2.83 2.23 2.65 Magneslum 1.24 1.21 1.23 Aluminum 0.14 i Cadmium 0.0028 i Chromium 0.00094 Copper 0.00B9 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.80 , Sodium 4.15 Zinc i 0.100 All values are as rng/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2), and turbidity (Jackson i Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. til., m. ^To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 ( Entire Page Revised
i ER Table 2 5 3-2 (cont.) , pI ( LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 9-24-73 statlon 7 7 7 7 7 Time Test Ocp t h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 1.5m 3.om 5.0m 6.0m ! l Temperature *C. 26.2 25.5 25.1 24.9 24.9 I
.01ssolved oxygen 7.4 70 6.7 5.6 5.1 Speelfic conductance 47 47 48 48 47 pH 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.4 Surface illumination It Surface illumination Alkalinity 13 13 13 Turbidity 10 9 8 Chloride 4.7 4.5 5.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.051 0.106 0.044 Ammonia nitrogen 0.026 0.030 0.026 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005
( Total phosphorus 0.013 0.012 0.013 silicon 5 71 5.56 4.88 Iron 0.11 0.14 0.12 Manganese 0.03 0.01 0.01 i Calcium 2.28 2.28 2.66
.$ l Magnesium 1.22 1.23 1.23 Aluminum 0.28 Ca'dmium 0.0002 g Chromium 0.00058 ,
Copper 0.0059 j , Lead ! i Mercury ? l Nickel 0.010 g Potassium 1.70 , t Sodium 3.95
- r. s f
\j Zinc 0,117 l All values are as mg/L cxcept pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = r,e t e r s . Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision.1 Entire Page Revised 24 of 158
- s
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 9-24-73 Station 10 10 10 10 10 Time TGat Oc pt h (me te rs) : 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 5.0m 6.5m Temperature 'C. 26.5 25.5 25.1 25.0 24.5 Olssolved oxygen 79 7.7 72 6.6 6.0 Specific conductance 33 35 34 37 38 pH 6.6 70 7.0 6.7 6.3 , Surface Illumination I 18 Surface Illumination Alkalinity 12 12 Turbidity 9 15 Chloride 4.6 4.4 i l NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.007 0.029 l Ammonia nitrogen 0.010 0.d52 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.019 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.013 0.015 511 Icon 4.97 5.13 fron 0.08 0.09 i Manganese 0.01 0.02 Calcium 2.27 2.28 t Magneslum 1.23 1.22 Aluminum 0.79 i Cadmium 0.0003
- Chromium 0.00094 Copper 0.0035 Lead Hercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.70 i Sodium 3.90 Zinc 0.052 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1-
. Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2 5 3-2 (cont.) I.AKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA (n)
'd Station 9-24-73 10 10 11 11 !1 Time Test Oe p t h (me te rs) : 8.0m 10.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m Temperature 'C. 24.9 24.5 26.0 25.6 25 1 Olssolved oxygen 55 4.5 6.5 6.4 4.9 Specific conductance 39 40 39 40 41 pH 6.3 63 6.5 6.4 6.2 Surface Illumination i
1% Surface Illumination Alkalinity 12 13 Turbidity 16 6 I i Chloride 4.5 4.8 i NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.014 0.105 j i Ammonia nitrogen 0.059 0.057 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 l
,rh $ Total phosphorus 0.015 0.012 O
Silicon 4.99 5.65 fron 0.21 0.09 Hanganese 0.07 0.12 Calcium 2.20 2.19 Magnesium 1.25 1.24 Aluminum 0.23 Cadmium 0.0011 Chromium 0.00054 Copper 0.0025 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.70 Sodlum 4.00 b ( Zinc 0.050 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbid!ty (Jackson Turbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision'1 26 of 15,8 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) t LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 9-24 73 . Station 11 11 11 11 11 Time Tcst D ep t h (me te rs) : 5.cm 6.5m 8.0m 10.0m 19 om ! Tanperature 'C. 25.0 24.7 24.6 24.3 22.6 Olssolved oxygen 4.9 4.5 4.3 37 0.0 Specific conductance 42 42 43 43 47 i ps 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.i ! Surface Illumination i 81 % face Illumination Alkallnity 13 15 18 lurbidity 7 7 8 I Chloride 4.1 4.2 4.5 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.128 0.011 0.003 ! i Ammonia nitrogen 0.055 0.170 0.255 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.012 0.052 0.048 Silicon 5.42 5.30 5.34 Iron 0.07 0.07 0.18 i Manganese 0.14 0.19 2.30 i Calcium 2.24 2.21 2.27 1.28 Mrgnesium 1.23 1.23 Aluminum i Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Potassium , Sodium Zinc l All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., tt. candles. 14 Surf. 111., m. l Revision 1, I 27 of 158 , Entire Page Revised g m
ER Table 2.5.3-2
] LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
[V Station 11 9-24-73 12 12 12 12 Time Te5t 0ept h (me te r s) : 18.om 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m 5.0m Temperature 'C. 20.5 27.0 26.5 25.1 25.0 Olssolved oxygen 0.0 8.7 8.7 5.1 33 Specific conductance 53 41 43 45 47 pH 6.2 75 7.5 6.3 6.1 Surface Illumination 1% Surface 111umination Alkalinity 18 13 15 Turbidity 8 30 7 Chlorlde 4.3 4.4 4.6 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.001 0.081 0.106 Ammonta nitrogen 0.264 0.134 ., 0.058
,, Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.017
. Total phosphorus O.096 0.028 511l con 5.20 5 77 5.69
' Iron 0.17 0.45 0.04 Manganese 2.30 0.22 0.13 Calcium 2.28 2.23 -
2.54 Magnesium 1.28 1.27 1.24 Aluminum 1.07 Cadmlum 0.0002
- Chromium 0.00078 Copper 0.0032 Lead Mercury Nickc! 0.010 Potassium 1.75 Sodium 4.10 2I"C 0.040 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. 111.. m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised 28 of 158,
i
~'
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) ,
- +1
. LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 9-24-73 Station 13 13 13 13 13 Time l T:st Ocoth (me t e r s) : 0 3m 1.5m 3 0m 5.0m 6.5m '
Temperature 'C. 28.5 28.0 25.5 25.0 24.9 l I ,Olssolved oxygen 5.1 5.0 31 3.6 2.5 I Specific conductance 47 46 44 44 42 pH 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 Surface Illumination l 1% Surface illumination I Alkalinity 13 15 3 Turbidity 8 8 Chloride 4.5 4.4 I NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.131 0.091 Ammonia nitrogen 0.067 0.139 l 531uble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 l Tctal phosphorus 0.015 0.017 SIIIcon 5.65 5.85 i fron 0.34 0.08 - I M:nganese 0.62 0.23 Calcium 2.18 2.14 l M:gnesium 1.22 1.22 l
\
Aluminum 0.61 i Csdalum 0.0001 i Chromium 0.00070 Copper 0.0032 Lead M2rcury Nickel 0.010 3 Potassium 1.75 1 Sodlum 4.20 Zinc 0.082 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 , Revision 1 29 of 158 . Entire Page Rey l3ed
-- )
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , i LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY DATA l 9-24-73 Station 13 13 13 13 13 Time l f Test Dept h (me t ers) : 8.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 23.om l t Temperature 'C. 24.5' 24.0 22.5 17.1 16.0 ! .
. t Olssolved oxygen 3.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Specific conductance 42 43 50 62 63 pH 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.6 6.5 .
Surface Illumination ;
. l It Surface illumination (
Alkalinity 17 14 13 19 . Turbidity 12 12 18 29 - Chloride 4.4 4.7 5.1 5.2 i NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.029 0.001 0.008 0.017 ; Ammonta nitrogen 0.346 0.558 0.504 0.455 i Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.026 0.040 0.020 0.025 a Slitcon 6.03 5 92 ~ 5 .83 5.69 i , 3 t iron ' 0.19 1.20 2 70 2.83 i l ! Manganese 0.24 3 55 2.93 3.16- !
} i Calcium 1.90 2.27 2.01 2.41 .l ,% l-Magnesium 1.16 1.36 1.40 1.42 .
I t Aluminum , Cadmium j , Chromium , Copper
.l Lead Mercury Nickel !
Potassium , j Sodium l O l-Q Zinc All values are as ng/L except pH, spccific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft, candles. It Surf. lit., m. ,
)
1 Revision 1 . 30 of 158, Entire Page Revised
I1 ! ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) .
!I l
.. , . r. 1
'"j
- LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
- 10-16-73 Station 1 1 1 1 1 Time 10:00 10:00 10:00 10:00 10:00 Tast Depth (meters): 0.3m 1.5m 3 0m 5.0m 6.5m Tcmperature 'C. 22.0 22.0 22.3 22.3 22.3 ,
Oissolved oxygen 6.7 6.7 6.6 ' 6.5 '6.5 Specific conductance 39 39 44 45 45 pH 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.5 Surface Illumination 1200 1550 1% Surface Illumination 2.8 2.9 Alkalinity 11 11 Turbidity 8 7 Chloride 37 4.1 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.051 0.061 Anunonia nitrogen 0.056 0.055 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.007 0.007 0.010 0.011 . Total phosphorus Silicon 5.76 5.86 Iron 0.15 0.11 Manganese 0.07 0.14 Colcium 1.95 2.05 . Mrgnesium 1.09 1.13 Aluminum 0,30 Ccdmlum 0,0001 j Chromium 0.00045 Copper 0.0046 j Lecd
- M2rcury
- Nickel 0,010 Potassium 1 75 4 Sodium 4.20 Zinc 0.165 All values are as mg/L except pH. Specific conductance (umbos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l
Turbidity Units). m = meters. i. u r f . 111., ft. candles. 1: Sur f. Ill . , m. *To begin Jan. 1974 (na - not available)
- Revision 1 j 31 of 158 Entire Page Revised
i i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.)
- i
' LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA O
\ Station 1 10-16-73 1 I I 1 j Time 10:00 10:00 10:00 10:00 10:00 l
' Test oepth (mete rs): 8.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 25.om -
Temperature 'C. 22.3 22 3 - 22 3- 19 1 16.0. t Dissolved oxygen 6.5 6.5 59 0.7 03 specific conductance 46 46 46 57 53 pH 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.3 6.3 r Surface 111umination 1% Surface Illumination Alkallnity 12 19 16 22 Turbidity 10 10 61 36 i Chloride 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.5 , NO3 + NO2 nitragen 0.043 0.009 0.008 0.006 Anunonia nitrogen 0.075 0 303 0.145 0.262 Soluble o phosphorus 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.002 . Total phosphorus 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.022 Silicon 5.67 5 57 5.67. 6.13' ) Iron 0.19 0.52 1 35 3.74 Manganese 0 36 2.80 1.19 1.84 Calcium 1 97 2.28 2.11 2.06 i Magnesium 1.12 1.27 1.26 1.33 Aluminum ' I Cadmium t Chromium Copper ; j , Lead ! > Mercury Nickel j j Potasslum - Sodium i O \ Zinc l All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 {u,rbidity Unitsf. m = meters. Surf. Ill. , f t. candles. 1% Sarf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 f.f I Revision l' Entire Page Revised
I ER Table'2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 10-16-73 st: tion 1 1 2 2 2 Time 10:00 10:00 10:30 10:30 10:30 T2st Dept h (me t e r s) : 30.0m 32.0m 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m T:mperature 'C. 14.2 14.0 22 9 22.9 22.1 Olssolved oxygen 0.2 0.2 6.8 6.8 6.8 Sp;cific conductance 62 76 45 46 46 pH 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 Surface illumination j i It Surface 111umination ! Alkalinity 29 27 13 Turbidity 108 104 8 Chloride 4.3 4.; 4.0 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.010 0.006 0.059 Ammonta nitrogen 0.470 0 395 0.048 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.003 0.002 0.002 l Total phosphorus 0.035 0.037 0.013 Silicon
- 6:36 6.28 5.47 )
Iron 3.89 8.01 0.11 I Minganese 1.83 2.72 0.15 , Calcium 1.91 2.20 2.04 M:gnesium 1.30 1 36 1.12 Aluminum 0.79 i Cadmium . 0.0004 Chromium 0.00062 Copper 0.0114 , Lc:d Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.75 Sodlum 4.00 Zinc 0.130 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cn 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson j gu r b i d i ty ,Un igsg. n - rne t e r s . Surf. 111., ft. candles. 12 Surf. III., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.)
' 'N 1 LAKE HOP. MAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA v' 10-16-73 Station 2 2 2 2 2
' Time 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 Test D e p t h (re t e r s) : 5.0m 6.5m 8.0m 10.0m 15.0m Temperature 'C. 22.1 22.1 22.0 21 9 21.6 Olssolved oxygen 6.8 6.9 70 7.1 7.3
. Specific conductance 46 46 47 47 47
~ pH 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 JSurface Illumination l It Surface 111umination Alkalinity 13 13 22 Turbidity 8 8 13 Chlorlde 4.6 33 5.0 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.067 0.055 0.008 Ammonia nitrogen 0.045 0.049 0.293 ;
Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.002 0.002 7 l Total phosphorus 0.012 0.014
- , 0.0 ,12 m>-
S I H con 5.60 5.43 5.70 Iron 0.12 0.14 0.69 i Manganese 0.1B 0.41 3 39 Calcium 1.99 1.86 1.06 Hagnesium 1.12 1.06 1.26 1 Aluminum l Cadmium i Chromium , Copper Lead ' Mercury Nickel i Potassium
~_ Sodium
( ,)
' Zinc All values are as mg/L except pH, sxcific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l Turbidity Units). ma nie t e r t. . Luri. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m.
(na - tiot w illabic) Revision 1 Entire Page Revised
I 1 ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 10-16-73 Station 2 2 2 3 3 Time 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:45 10:45 Test Dept h (rne t e rs) : 20.0m 25.0m 30.0m 0.3m 1.5m Ttmperature 'C. 18.1 15.0 13 9 22.5 22.5 Dissolved oxygen O.1 0.1 0.2 6.9 6.9 Specific conductance l 61 60 63 37 38 i pH 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.7 . Surface illumination 1300 1% Surface Illumination 30 Alkallnity 22 ' 21 25 13 Turbidity 25 62 90 9 j Chloride 4.8 3.8 4.1 4.1 , NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.009 0.006 0.006 0.053 Ammonia nitrogen 0.252 0.282 0.344 0.038 Soluble o phosphorus 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 Tetal phosphorus 0.015 0.026
- 0.032
- 0.015 e silicon 5.69 4.49 5.57 5.47 l
Iron . 2.80 4.04 6.37 0.10 l M:nganese 1.55 1.95 2.44 0.11 ! Calcium 2.11 2.02 2.10 1.85 i Magneslum 1.27 1.33 1.34 1.12 Aluminum 0.39 i Cadmlum O.0002 Chromium 0.00062 Copper 0,0042 Lead H2rcury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.75 Sodium 4.10 , Zinc 0.105 i All values are as rig /L except pli, speci fic conduc tance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackt.on } gbid g g g g i - neters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles, l'c Surf. 111.. m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 l 35 of 158 - Entire Page Revise '
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.)
. a.
i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 10-16-73 ; Station 3 3 3 3 3 Time 10:45 10:45 10:45 10:45 10:45 I Test Depth (meters): 3.0m 5.0m 6.5m 8.0m 10.0m Temperature *C. 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 ; Olssolved oxygen 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 Spectfic conductance 39 40 41 40 41 ! j
.i 3 pH 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 , !
Surface Illumination ; 1% Surface Illumination i Alka 11nity 13 15 : i Turbid!ty 10 13 i : Chloride 2.8 4.3 , NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.046 0.027 l
. Anrnonia nitrogen 0.042 0.128 Soluble o phosphores 0.003 0.002 ,
f Total phosphorus 0.013 0.015 Stitcon 5 39 5.27 , Iron . 0.09 0.12 Manganese 0.22 0.65 g Calcium 2.03 1.89 Magnesium 1.07 1.05 Aluminum Cadmlum i Chromium Copper , Lead Mercury Nickel i , l'ot a s s i um I i Sodlum fs I Zinc All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson ' Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. 111., It. candles. 12 Surf. 111., m. (na-not available) ' Revision 1- l 36 of 158 Entire Page Revised i
i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 10-16-73 4 4 4 Station 3 3 Time 10:45 10:45 11:00 11:00 11:00 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 15.0m 19.om 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m Temperature 'C. 22.2 20.4 22.4 22.4 22.4 Dissolved oxygen 6.5 0.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 Specific conductance 4I 51 48 48 48 pH 6.5 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.0 Surface Illumination 1400 i 1% Surface illumination 2.5 l' Alkallnity 13 13 13 Turbidity 13 13 .11 l Chlorlde 4.1 4.5 4.1 I NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.007 0.056 0.053 !
. Ammonia nitrogen 0.290 0.035 0.034 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.003 0.003 0.002 3 i
- c. Total phosphorus e 0.021 0.026 0.015 . ,
Silicon 5.51 5.21 4.43 1 fron . 0.18 0.20 0.07 , Manganese 3.66 2.72 0.08 j Calcium 2.48 2.67 1 97 Hagneslum 1.24 1.38 1.15 Aluminum 0,80 Cadmium 0,0001 Chromium 0,00098 Copper 0.0153 Lcod hercury N1ckel 0.010 l'otassium 1,75 j l Sodium 4,30 j l Zinc 0.060 i All values are as mg/L except pH, specliic conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 I T(n. u r b-ne i d i.t y.U..n s ) ,a m - meters. Surf. 111., ft. candics. It Surf. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974
< ii t .u Revision 1 37 of 158 Entire Page Revised
i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) (~ ~N LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA k
) 10-16-73 Station 4 4 4 4 5 Time 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:15 Test Dep t h (me t e r s ) : 5.om 6.5m 8.0m 10.0m 0.3m l Temperature 'C. 22.3 22 3 22.1 22.0 22.4 l
Dissolved oxygen 6.8 70 7.1 7.0 6.7 l Specific conductance 48 48 47 47 42 pH 59 5.9 5.8 5.6 6.2 , l Surface Illumination 1650 1% Surface Illumination 3.2 i Alkalinity 12 13 13 1 Turbidity 13 24 9 Chloride 4.1 4.3 4.0 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.060 0.061 0.051
. Arvnonia nitrogen 0.030 0.029 0.031 Soluble ,wh,sphorus 1 f 0.003 0.003 0.002 l
)
) Total ph ap;.orus 0.017
, 0.024 0.014
- Silicon 5.60 5 51 5.21 fro'1 0.11 0.29 0.13 Manganese 0.05 0.06 0.07 Calcium 1.91 1.85 2.05 Magnesium j,j4 j,j4 y,j3 Aluminum 2.64 Cadmium 0,000]
Chromium 0,000l0 Copper 0.0237 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium ' 1.85
~ Sodium 4.25 ! t I i._/ Zinc 0.130 All values are as rng/L exe.ept pH, srsecific conductance (umbos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson !
Q.r;'aj d,1,,t,y g ! } p],;,,qi = ne t c r s . Surf, 111., ft. candles. I'. Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 38 of 158 Entire Page Revised _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~
il 1 ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 10-16-73 Station 5 5 5 5 5 Time 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:15 Tast Depth (neters): 1.5m 3.0m 5.om 6.5m 8.0m Temperature 'C. 22.4 22.4 22 3 22.4 22.3 Dissolved oxygen 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 Specific conductance 42 42 42 42 ! 42 pH 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 , Surface Illumination l i 1% Surface illumination , Alkalinity 12 - Turbidity 16 i Chloride 4.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.064 Ammonta nitrogen . _0. 031 . Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 Total phosphorus .0.018 - Sillcon 5.11 l Iron . 0.18 l , Manganese 0.11 l Calcium l'.95 , Magneslum 1.13 Aluminum i e Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Marcury H!ckel Potassium i s Sodium Zinc All values are os mg/L except pH, specific conducta..cc (unhos/cr2), and turbidity (Jackson I ' Turbidity Units m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. c.ulles. 14 Lurf. Ill., m. (ns not availah di Revision.1 { 39 of 158 Entire Page Revised 6
, ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) .
LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA Q 10-16-73 station 5 5 5 6 6 I Time 11:15 11:15 11:15 12:05 12:05 I f Test De pt h (me t e rs) : 10.0m 15 0m 20.0m 0.3m 1.5m l l [ Temperature *C. 22 3 22.1 19 0 22.5 22.5 i Dissolved oxygen 6.8 6.6 0.1 7.6 7.5 Specific conductance 42 42 78 41 43 I pH 6.0 6.0 59 6.9 69 . Surface Illumination 2700 i 1% Surface illumination 3.0 Alkalinity 12 33 13 13 Turbidity 23 96 7 10 i Chloride 3.6 43 4.6 4.5 NO3+NO2 nltrogen 0.049 0.013 0.056 0.098
. Arrrnonia nitrogen 0.042 0.633 0.022 0.029 Soluble o phosphorus 0.009 0.003 0.002 0.006 Total phosphorus 0.019 0.027 0.021 0.018 Sillcon 4.98 5.47 4.88 4.68 l 1
Iron . 0.064 7 11 6.42 0.15 i Manganese 0.31 3 36 3 04 0.06 , y Calcium 1.72 2.37 2.78 1.97 , Magnesium 1.05 1.42 1.58 1.12 Aluminum 0.46 Cadmlum 0.0044 Chromium 0.00067 Copper 0.0053 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.65 ' Sodlum 4.20 Zinc 0.090 , 4 All values are as eng/L ncept pH, specific c:r.Letance (umbos /r rn2) . and turbidity (Jachon Jg bid g ,U,n,1,tg). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candics. l'C Su r f . 111. . n. *To begin Jin. 1974 Revision 1 40 of 158 Entire Page Revised
F 1
=
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 10-16-73 6 6 7 7 7 Station Time 12:05 12:05 12:25 12:25 12:25 Test oep t h (me t e r s) : 3.0m 5.om 0.3m 1.5m 3 0m Te.mperature *C. 22.5 22.4 22.4 22.2 22.2 Olssolved oxygen 7.4 7.4 70 6.8 6.8 Specific conductance 44 46 44 46 46 pH 7.0 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.9 , Surface 1Iluminat1on 2100 t 1% Surface 111umination 2.7 Alkallnity 13 13 Turbidity 11 13 l Chloride 4.5 4.3 , NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.038 0.093 3
. Ammonia nitrogen 0.034 0.050 Soluble o phosphorus 0.003 0.003 j Total phosphorus 0.017 0.016 Silicon 4.73 5 01 fron 0.17 0.18 Minganese 0.02 0.03 i Calcium 1 96 1 94 Magnesium 1.12 1.13 Aluminum 0.44 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.00054 Copper 0.0039 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potatslum 1.75 Sodlum 4.25 i
Zinc 0.075 All velocs are as rg/L except pH, specific conductance (u+ hot /cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 Unit. . m = meters. Sus f. 111., 't. c a nd l e r. . It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 l(ur nab i-dnot i t y avail)h1M n Revision 1 41 of 158 , Entire Page Revised 1
, ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) :
LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA i !
~ 10-16-73 Station 7 10 10 10 10 ,
Time 12:25 12:50 12:50 12:50 12:50 l- ! Test Dept h (me te r s) : ,, 5.om 0.3m 1.5m 3 0m 5.0m Temperature 'C. 22.0 22.2 22.2 22.0 22.0 Dissolved oxygen 6.8 75 6.9 6.8 6.8 Specific conductance 47 37 37 39 41 pH 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.9 7.0 , Surface Illumination 2400 1% Surface Illumination 3.0 Alkalinity 13 13 13 Turbidity 18 12 15 Chloride 4.1 8.0 4.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.129 0.067 0.057 r
. Ammonia nitrogen 0.018 0.031 . , , _
0.042 Soluble o phosphorus 0.007 0.004 0.003 Total phosphorus O.029 0.016 0.029 Silicon 4.82 4.75 4.88 Iron . 0.15 0.17 0.16 Manganese 0.03 0.04 0.03 ) q Calcium 2.10 2.11 2.03 Magnesium 1.16 1.12 1.14 i Aluminum 0.44 Cadmium 0.0006 '
' Chromium o,00070 i
Copper 0.0039 , Lead' ! Mercury i Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.75 i - 1 Sodium 4.20 'l ' 1 Zinc 0.075 ) \ All values are as mg/L excr.at pH, specific conductance . (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson I Tgr,b"gdjt Q Q t, { m a mett s. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 , Revision 1 1 42 of-158, Entire Page Revised l 1
r ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 10-16-73 11 11 11 11 Station 11 13:15 13:15 13:15 13: 15 Time 13:15 1.5m 3.0m 5 0m 6.5m Test Dep t h (rne t e rs) : 0.3m 23.0 22 9 22.9 22.8 Temperature *C. 23.0 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 Dissolved oxygen 6.3 33 35 37 38 Specific conductance 31 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 pH . Surface 111umination 1800 18 Surface illumination 2.8 13 13 Alkallnity 9 13 Turbidity Chlorlde 4.3 4.5 6 0.195 0.119 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen i
. Ammonia nitrogen 0.055 0.100 0.005 !
Soluble o phosphorus 0.004 Total phosphorus 0.016 0.018 4.98 5.27 S!!! con Iron 0.10 0.15 Hanganese 0.13 0.19 Calcium 1.96 1.89 1.14 1.12 Magneslum Aluminum 0.26 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.00074 Copper 0.0139 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.75 Sodium 4.20 Zinc 0.065 All values are as ng/L cu er t tH, s pe c i f i c. c csoduc t or.t c (u abc,5/c,2) , and turbidi ty (Jackson
<WNd,I Y..S."llN i,.s n = rM e r Surf. Ill., ft. candle 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 43 of 158 Entire Page Revise
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) .
. . 4 LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA j 10-16-73 '
12 12 Station 11 11 11 Time 13:15 13:15 13:15 13:35 13:35 Test Depth (meters): 8.0m 10.0m 15.om 0.3m 1.5m s; Temperature 'C. , 22.9 22.6 22 5 23 5 23.1
,; Dissolved oxygen 6.1 6.0 4.5 6.5 6.2 ;
Specific conductance 39 40 42 31- 25 pH 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.6 Surface lilumination - 2950 t 1% Surface Illumination 2.2 Alkalinity 14 14 13 Turbidity 15 34 , 20 Chlorlde 5.0 4.1 4.5 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.086 0.070 0.181
. Ammonia nitrogen 0.120 0.130 10.085 soluble o phosphorus 0.004 0.004 0.009 I Total phosphorus 0.019 0.027 0.021 -
5111 con 5.01 5 77 5.54 Iron . 0.18 0.39 0 30 Hanganese 0.44 0.67 0.18 ! q Calcium 1.92 _l.81 1.91 . Magneslum 1.14 1.11 1.14 i Aluminum 4.17 Cadmium 0.0002 [ Chromium 0.00263 [ Copper 0.1205 Lead ! Mercury I Nickel 0.010 Potassium - 1.80 Sodium 4.30 I Zinc [ 0.130 All values are as mg/L c): cept pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 Jgbigj,tyyyy);,sjf,,m-meters.
,,, Surf. 111., ft. candles. 12 surf. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 )
Revision 1- f 44 of 158 , Entire Page Revised [
-v-- -_______ , _ _______-
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 10-16-73 Station 12 12 13 13 13 Tlrne 13:35 13:35 13:50 13:50 13:50 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 3.0m 4.Om 0.3m 1.5m 3.0m Temperature 'C. 23 0 22.8 26.0 24.7 23 5 Olssolved oxygen 6.1 6.2 6.1 5.7 37 Specific conductance 29 31 49 49 48 pH 6.7 6.8 6.2 6.2 6.0 Surface Illumination 2600 l i 1% Surface Illumination 1.8 Alkalinity 13 13 Turbidity 17 12 Chloride 4.6 4.3 i NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.162 0.240 . Ammonia nitrogen 0.078 0.051 I Soluble o phosphorus 0.006 0.004 Total phosphorus 0.016 0.032 ; Silicon 5.82 5.54 Iron 3.43 0.21 Manganese 0.27 0.27 Calcium 1.52 1:99 Magnesium 1.25 1.12 Aluminum 4.98 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.00303 Copper 0.0071 Lead .. Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.85 Sodium 4.25 Zinc 0.120 All values are as rg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. lit., ft. candles. 1% Surf, Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1. 45 of 158 . Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) r LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
- 10-16-73 g
13 13 13 13
' Station 13 Time, 13:50 13:50 13:50 13:50 13:50 f
. Test Depth (meters): 5.0m 6.5m 8.0m 10.0m '15.0m l Temperature *C. 23 0 23.0 22 7 22 5 22.0 Dissolved oxygen 35 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 t 49 51 i Specific conductance 48 49 49 pH 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.3 ,
I Surfice illumination 1% Suiface 111umination < . Alkallnity 14 19 36 l 248 400 Turbidity 36 t i Chlorlde 4.5 4.5 4.5 l t NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.149 0.134 0.070
. Arrvnonia nitrogen 0.156 0.331 0.698 Soluble o phosphorus 0.003 0.005 0.006 i Total phosphorus 0.146 0.143 0.088 Silicon 5 70 5.60 5 73 I l
Iron . 0.11 0.86 3.09 Manganese 0.18 1.12 5.68 , Calclum 1.82 .l.51 1.89 a Magnesium 1.10 1.03 1 31 _, i Aluminum ' l i Cadmium i e Chromium l
. Copper ,
Lead
-Mercury f i
Nickel Potassium Sodium Zinc
. L. All values are as mg/L except pH, speciftc conductance . (umhosh m2), and turbidity (Jackson I
Turbidity Units). m a meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candic;. 1% Surf. Ill., m'. Revision 1 46 of 158 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 10-16-73 Station 13 13 16 Time 13:50 13:50 i Vest Depth (meters): 20.0m 23.0m 0.3m l i Temperature *C. 19 1 16.0 22.5 Dissolved oxygen 0.1 0.1 8.2 Specific conductance 71 76 40 pH 6.5 6.7 7.2 . Surface 111umination - 1% surface 111umination Alkalinity 36 13 15 Turbidity 230 37 9 Chloride 4.6 4.3 4.6 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.036 0.138 0.081
. Ammonia nitrogen 0.716 0.046 0.048 Soluble o phosphorus 0.003 0.004 0.003 Total phosphorus 0.043 0.023 0.012 Silicon 5.63 5.51 5 21 Iron 5.93 7.40 0.21 Hanganese 4.73 4.30 0.05 Calcium 2.02 1.99 2.01 Magnesium 1.37 1.49 1.15 Aluminum 0.22 Cadmlum 0.0001 Chromium 0.00086 Copper 0.0042 Lead Hercury l Nicke1 0.010 I
Potasslum 1.75 Sodium 4,jo O.010 l All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2 ), .snd turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf, 111.. ft. (andles. 12 Surf. 111.. m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1. l 47 of 158, Entire Page Revised .
ER Table'2.5.3-2 (Cont.) 1.AKE UDP?.AN WATER CHLtils1RY DATA ,3 11/27/73 ( ) Station 1 1 1 i 1 T irne 09:30 09:30 09:30 09:30 09:30 Test D ep t h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m i i Temperature 'C. - 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 Dissolved oxygen g,] 9,3 g,1 g,9 g,o Specific conductance 43 43 43 42 42 pH 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 , Surface lilumination 2200 1% Surface :llumination 3.5 Alkallnity 14 14 14 13 13 1 Turbidity 13 13 13 13 35 , 4 Chloride 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.4 i NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.087 0.088 0.092 0.088 0.082 Ammonia nitrogen 0.080 0.086 O_.090 , 0.087 0.104 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.022 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.022 I \ ( ,/ Silicon 4.0 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.2 Iron 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.38 Manganese 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.12 Calcium 0.79 0.80 0.77 0.84 0.82 Magnesium 1.14 1.17 1.12 1.13 1.17 Aluminum 2.5 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0012 Copper 0.00350 Lead *
.".c r c u ry
- Nickel 0.010 Pota:sium 1.60 ,
Sodium 4.10 i g] 7 toc 0.128 All values ne es ma/L except oH, specific conj tr ne (umhas/o;2), 42nd tur'bidity (Jackson Tur bidi t y Uni t s). i.: = ma t u s . Surf. f*l., ft. can';.s. I <' unf. Ill., u. *To begin Jan. 1974 (na - not availabic) Revision 1 Entire Pag ~e Vvised 48 of 15& J
ER Tabi'e 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE Non"AM UATER CHEMISTRY DATA 11/27/73 Station 1 1 2 2 2 Time 09:30 09;30 09:56 09:56 09:56 Test D eo t h (rae t e r s) : 25.om 30.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m Temperature *C. 13.5 13.4 13.8 13.8 13.8 Disco 1ved oxygen 8.4 7.9 91 9.0 90 Specific conductance L2 43 39 41 42 pH 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.4 Surface 111umination 90 It surface 111omination 4.0 Alkalinity 13 13 14 13 13 Turbidity 29 60 23 13 14 Chloride 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.5 4 !!D2 c.itrogen 0.089 0.079 0.090 0.091 0.086 NO3 Anrnania ni t rogen 0.102 0.120 0.085 0.083 0.086 Solubic o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 intal phospherus 0.020 0.033 0.013 0.014 0.014 Silicon 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 tron 0.52 0.22 0.14 0.14 0.15 nanganese 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 Caltium 0.79 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.86 Magretium 1.14 1.14 1.61 1.60 1.59 A l e,a i nom 0.7 C4i u, 0.0001 (t'rmio, 0.0010 ( c.p p e r 0.00250 iead tiercury thcie1 0.010 Potas,iur 1.6
.s ,dium 4.10 zinc 0.021 All ..lucs are as ruj/L cxcept pit , sm cific conduct.w . (omhus/cm2), and turbidity ( J a ci .t.on 1,nnidity Unit.' si a neters. Surf. 111 , it. canJls- 1: Surf. 1 1 1. , rn . *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 Entire Pag'e Revised d
ER Tcble'2.5.3-2-(cont.) LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEHISTRY DATA 11/27/73
/~ ' Station 2 2 2 3 3 09;56 09:56 09:56 10:15 10:15 k Time
* *
- b'
- Test Depth (meters):
- j Temperature 'C. 13.6 13.6 13.6 13 5 13.4 Olssolved oxygen 8.9 8.6 8.3 9.2 8.9 i i
Specific conductance 42 42 42 42 42 i pH 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.9 6.6 Surface 111umination 160 it surface Illumination , 4.3 I i Alkalinity 14 14 14 14 15 Turbidity 17 23 1.5 13 13 Chloride 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.4 l I NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.084 0.083 0.091 0.084 0.086 l Ammonia nitrogen 0.086 0.096 0.082 0.082 0.080 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 ; Total phosphorus 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.014 Sillcon 3.4 3.5 4.5 4.2 39 Iron 0.19 0.26 0.16 0.13 0.15 l 1 Manganese 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.04 0.06 ; l Calcium 0.84 0.83 0.86 0.89 0.90 i Magnesium 1.61 1.61 1.62 1.60 1.60_ Aluminum 0.5 l~ Cadmium 0.0001 l I Chromium 0.0011 . Copper 0.00250 . Lead i Hercury N1cke1 0.010 Pot as s luin 1.60 l Sodium 4.00 zinc 0.022 i All values are as mg/L cxcept pH, t,pecific conduct.,nec (umhos/crn2), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Unitt.). m = meters. Surf. Ill.,'ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., n. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 i Entire Page Raised 50 of 158
ER Tabid 2.5.3-2-(cont.) LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY DATA 11/27/73 Station 3 4 4 4 5 Time 10:15 10:33 10:33 10:33 10:56 l Test De pt h (me t e r s) : 9.0m 0.3m 5.0m 7.0m 0.3m i Temperature 'C. 13.6 13.7 13.6 13 6 13.7 l Dissolved oxygen 8.6 92 9.0 9.0 91 ,i specific conductance 43 41 42 42 41 , l pH 6.5 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.7 4 Surface lilumination 1400 430 It surface Illumination 2.0 4.0 Alkalinity 14 14 14 13 14 Turbidity 25 12 11 14 11 ChIorIde 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.2 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.086 0.079 0.082 0.083 0.075 Ammonia nitrogen 0.060 0.067 0.070 0.070 0.066 l Soluble o-chosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 l Total phosphorus 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.014 Silicon 3.8 3.7 37 3.8 Iron 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.12 Hanganese 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 Calcium 0.89 0 90 0.90 0.89 0.90 Hagnesium 1.60 1.61 1.60 1.59 0 90 Aluminu"i 0.5 0.4 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 h' "" 0.0013 0.0010 topner 0.00450 0.00350 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 0.010 Petaulum 1.60 1.60 Sodivu 3.90 4.00 Zinc l 0.020 0.024 All values are as mg/L except pH. specific conductance (umho,/rm 2 ), and turbidi ty (Jackson lurbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. 111.. ft, candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised 51 of 158
r ER Table ~2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 11/27/73 -- Station 5 6 6 7 7 Time 10:56 11:05 11:05 11:19 11:19 Test Dep t h (me t e r s): 5.0m 0.3m t om 0.3m 4.0m Temperature 'C. 13.7 14.0 13 7 14.0 14.0 Dissolved oxygen 91 9.1 8.9 8.6. 7.9 Speelfic conductance 41 40 42' 34 39 pH 7.4 6.8 6.8 72 6.5 . Surface Illumination 1500 320 1% Surface illumination 3,8 4.0 Alkallnity 14 14 14 14 14 Turbidity 9 15 10 21 19 Chloride 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.3 , NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.071 0.076 0.077 0.102 0.078 Ammonia nitrogen 0.039 0.058 0.042 0.151 0.032 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.012 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.016 h v S!!! con 3.5 3.5 35 37 3.5 Iron 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.23 0.25 Manganesc 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.08 Calclum 0 90 0.88 0.87 0.84 0.88 r Magnesium 1.62 1.61 1.60 1.62 1.62 Aluminum 0.7 0.7 i Cadmium 0.0001 ' O.0001 .; Chromium 0.0011 0.0008 Copper 0.00450 0.00500 l Lead Mercury l Nickel 0.010 0.010 rotassium 1.60 1.50-Sodium 4.00 4.00 Zinc 0.017 0.028 All valuc s are as mg/L except pH, specific conductatice (umhos/cm2 ), and turbidity (Jachsen ( Turbidity Units). m = neters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 12 Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised 52 of 158 .
l ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , j LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 11/27/73 Station 7 8 8 8 8 Time 11:19 11:31 11:31 11:31 11:31 Test Den t h (me t e r s) : 6.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m Temperature 'C. 13.9 14.0 13 9 13.7 13 7 Olssc1ved oxygen 7.8 8.8 8.7 8.7 8,6 Spec 1fic conductonce 40 41 43 43 43 pH 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.0 Surface 111umination 1400 it surface Illumination 35 Alkalinity 14 14 14 14 14 Turbidity 12 13 13 16 22 Chloride 4.4 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.9 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.067 0.098 0.094 0.090 0.090 Ammonia nitrogen 0.030 0.087 0.079 0.089 0.091 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.018 silicon 3.4 3.8 3.6 35 37 Iron 0.11 0.18 0.16 0.22 0.34 Hanganese 0.01 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.10 Calcium 0.85 0.86 0.84 0.87 0.87 Magr,e s i um 1.61 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.59 Aluminum 0.7 Cadmium 0.0001 thromium 0.0009 Copper 0.00500 Lead Mercury
- Nickc1 0.010 Pot a s s i u<n 1 50 So3 i w i 4.00 Zinc 0.017 All values are as rig /L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Tur t+i !i t y Uni t s) . m 5- rwters. Sui t . Ill.. ft. u r.d i r. s . 1 ), Surf. 111. . c. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 Entire Page Revised e
\.
ER Tcble 2.5 3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEHISTRY DATA ' ' 11/27/73 . Station 8 9 9 3 9 [ '\ Time 11:31 11:52 11:52 11:52 11:52 'v Test Depth (meters): 20.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m i Temperature 'C. 13.6 14.0 13 7 13 7 13.6 Olssolved oxygen 8.4 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.3 SpectfIc conductance 43 43 43 43 43 , pH 7.1 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.6 l Surface 111uminatlon 1% Surface 111umination ) Alkalinity 14 14 14 14 14 Turbidity 15 11 14 16 16 Chloride 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3 3 Il NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.097 0.096 0.090 0.091 '0.091 , Ammonia nitrogen 0.027 0.082 0.082 0.087 0.096 f Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.018 Silicon 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.7 - O tron - 0.25 0.17 0.17 0.25 0.23 - a Manganese 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10 i Calcium 0.88 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.83 Magnesium 1.62 1.61 1.62 1.62 1.62 Aluminum 2.0 i Cadmlum 0.0006 i Chromium 0.0011 Copper 0.00500 lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Putassium 1.40 ', Sodium 4.00 Zinc 0.016 2 r-~g All values are as og/L ext.cpt pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity-(Jackson ('" 8 Turbidity Units). m = meters. Sur f 111. , f t . candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974
' Revision 1
"* * *8* "**IS*d 54 of 158
CR Table' 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NDP, MAN WATER CHCHISTRY DATA 11-27-73 Station 9 10 10 10 10 Tine 11:52 12:10 12:10 12:10 12:10
'" ** -5. m 1 .0m 15.0m Test D ep t h (me t e r s) :
Temperature *C. 13.6 13.8 13.7 13.7 13.6 1 Dissolved oxygen 7.7 92 9.4 8.9 8.7 l Specific conductance 43 39 41 42 42 j pH 6.6 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 Surface Illumination 540 It Surface illumination 4.0 Alkalinity 14 14 14 14 14 Turbidity 15 11 12 13 11 Chloride 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.092 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.096 Ammonia nitrogen 0.084 0.076 0.072- 0.072 0.052 l l I Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.013 0.017 0.016 0.018 0.016 Silicon 5.0 5.0 4.6 5.2 4.6 Iron 0.63 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.17 Manganese 0.24 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.10 taleion 0.77 0.85 0.86 0.83 0.83 Magnesium 1.62 1.59 1.62 1.59 1.62 Aluminun 0.4 Cado, lum 0.0001 Chromium 0.0012 Copper 0.01000 Lead Mercury NIcke1 0.010 Potasslum 1.60 Sodium 4.10 Zinc 0.028 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. lit., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 Entire Page Revisec 55 of 158 . I
~
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORrtAN VATER CHCitiSTRY DATA 11-27-73 Station 11 11 11 11 11 , y Time 12:30 12:30 12:30 12:30 12:30 Test Dept h (me te r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 17.0m Temperature 'C. 14.5 14.3 13 9 13.7 13.6 Dissolved oxygen 8.7 8.1 7.5 7.4 6.8 Specific conductance 44 44 43 44 44 pH 6.7 6.5 6.5 - 6.5 6.5 Surface i11uminatlon 200 1% Surface 111umination 4.0 Alkalinity 14 14 14 14 14 e Turbidity 17 18 72 74 14 Chloride 4.5 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.5 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.107 0.103 0.099 0.099 0.081 Aamonia nitrogen .0.090 0.098 0.125 0.136 0.039 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 A.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.018 0.019 0.038 0.036 0.017 SIIIcon 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 fron 0.24 0.30 0.59 0.75 0.27 Hanganese 0.20 0.22 0.31 0.30 0.10 l Calcium 0.80 0.76 0.77 0.76 0.84 Magnesium 1.60 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.62 7 A1L.minum 1,o Cadmium 0.0501 Chromium 0,0010 Copper 0.00475 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.60 Sodlum 4.10 Z i r.c 0.020 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson D; lurb'd1ty Units). m = meters. Surf, 111.. ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 { Entire Page Revised 56 of 158 .
i
~
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) l LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 11-27-73 Station 12 12 13 13 13 13;10 13: 10 13:30 13:30 13:30 T irie Test Dep t h (rne t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.on Teriperature 't. 15.0 14.5 17.6 15.0 14.1 Dissolved oxy 9en 8.5 7.0 9.1 7.8 7.2 Specific conductance 44 44 37 40 42 pH 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.4 Surface 111umination 420 ; it surface Illumination 3.0 Alkalinity 15 14 14 14 15 Tuibidity 30 11 22 25 50 Chloride 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.2 5.1 NO3 + Nop nitrogen 0.108 0.100 0.112 0.114 0.115 ; Anmonia nitrogen 0.133 0.025 0.106 0.111 0.130 l Solubic o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 l Total phosphorus 0.025 0.017 0.025 0.025 0.037 Silicon 5.3 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.1 Iron 0.47 0.18 0.29 0 34 0.73 Manganese 0.25 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.24 C c i c i ta. 0.79 0.84 0.81 0.74 0.67 Mag ne s i u:n 1.63 1.61 1.60 1.62 1.58 A l um i ra , 2.0 2.0 L J,In 0.0001 0.000] Chroniu, 0.0012 0.0016 Co;gec 0.00400 0.04600 Lend Mercut ; I Nic'al 0.010 0.010 1 rm mi., 1.60 1.50 l ScJiun 4.20 4.40 Zinc 0.033 ' l 0.035 All salees are a' rd/L except pH. spacific conductence (umhos/cu2), and turbidity (J a c k sr>n T ui l> i d ; I y lin i t s ) , na raa t e r e. . Surf. 111., ft. can11cs 1;. Suif. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 l Entire Page Revised , 4
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.)
- LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY DATA 11-27-73 -
pi station 13 13 14 14 15 l , 13i30 13:30 13:49 13:49 14:00 i yf Time Test Oept h (me t e rs) : 15.0m 20.0m 4.3m 5.0m 0 3m Temperature *C. 13.5 13.1 2215 15.0 15.8 Dissolved oxygen 6.8 6.7 10.0 7.1 9.0 Specific conductance 42 42 45 42 42 . pH 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.6 Surface Illumination na na 1% Surface 11lumination Alkalinity 14 15 15 14 14 Turbidity 68 103 33 31 16 Chlorlde 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.5 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.116 0.114 0.118 0.123 0.112 Ammonia nitrogen 0.134 0.140 0.103- 0.104 0.108 [ Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.005 t Total phosphorus 0.044 0.056 0.033 0.037 0.022 ; Silicon 52 5.0 4.9 5.S 6.0 tron 0.75 0.70 0.42 0 39 0.22 ; Manganese 0.25 0.27 0.08 0.08 0.15 calclum 0.64 0.68 0.90 0.82 0.78 Magnesium 1.59 1.57 1,66 1.64 1.58 > Atuailnum 2.5 3.0 f Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0017 0.0020 l Copper 0.00600 0.01100 Lead ** f i Mercury
- Nickel 0.010 0.010 Po t a s s i u:a 1.60 1.50 Sodium 4.70 4.70 Zinc' O 028 0.028 All values are as eng/L except pH, specific c onduc t a ncr* (umtios/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m - raetcrs surf. Ill., Tt. tandler. IS Surf. 111.. m. *To begin Jan. 1974 na = not available Revision 1 Entire Page Revisec-l
ER Table2 '.5.3-2 (Cont.) f _ 1, i LAKE NORr%tt WATER CHEMISTilY DATA j 11-27-73 , l Station 15 15 15 15 15 Time 00 lh 00 14 00 14:00 14:00 i Test Dep t h (me t e r s) : 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 23.0m . Temperature 'C. 14.6 14.2 13.6 13 2 13 2 Dissolved ov.ygen 7.6 7.8 7.4 6.7 6.5 l Specific conductance 43 44 44 45 45 PH 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 i Surface Illumination j i 1% surface 111umination i Alkalinity 14 15 15 15 14 Turbidity 27 88 200 98 13 Chloride 5.5 5.1 5.2 4.9 4.6 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.114 0.118 0.118 0.116 0.112 Ammonia nitrogen 0.099 0.132 0.132 0.134 0.064 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.029 0.054 0.058 0.060 0.024 S111 con 6.0 6.0 6.3 5.9 5.8 Iron 0.23 0.51 0.96 0.95 0.19 Manganese 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.15 0.10 f Celcium 0.82 0.69 0.63 0.64 0.80 Magnesium 1.63 1.59 1.61 1.62 1.62 Aluminum Cadmium Chrcmiu;n Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Potassiut. , 5odiu'i Zinc All valuc s are as eng/L c>.ce pt pH, specific conductenr.e (umbos/cm 2 ) , and t urbicli ty (Jackson Turbidity Units). me f. e t c r s . Surf. Ill., ft. cand ic - 1% Surf. 111., n. Revision 1, Entire Page Revisec l 59 of 158 . l l
* - - . _ _____m.- - _ _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -
i ER Ta' o le' 2.5.3-2 (Eont.) , LAKE NORMAN kfATER CHEttlSTRY DATA 11-27-73 e Station 18 16 ; ; Time 15:10 14:25 i Test Dept h (me t e rs): 0.3m 0 3m Temperature *C. 14.0 14.0 Dissolved oxygen 8.9 8.4 l } Specific conductance 170 32 pH 7.2 6.4 Surface 111umination na 1050 1% Surface 111umination na 3.0 Alkalinity 19 12 Turbidity 15 21 Chloride 4.4 39 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.068 0.088 Ammonia nitrogen 0.036 0.101 Soluble o phosphorus 0.030 0.005 ' Total phosphorus 0.065 Silicon 3.2 ; , Q) , & Iron 0.19 0.28 ! l Manganese 0.08 0.10 . l Calcium 21.60 0.96 Hagnesium 5.60 1.60
\{ ,
i' t Aluminum 2.5 1.5 I . Cadmlum 0.0006 0.0001 l Chromium 0.0010 0.0045 t Copper 0.00880 0.00300 i Lead * * : i l
- I Hercury Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 9 00 1.50 ,
Sodium 8.10 4.00 Zinc 0.016 0.010 ' All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/co 2 ), and tur'bidity (Jackson 'v) ( Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 na = not available ' Revision 1, Entire Page Revised 60 of 158
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.)
, tAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
, 12/19/73 Stetton 1 1 1 1 1 Time 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 10:30 Test Depthfreters): 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m j
' Temperature 'C. 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.7 Dissolved oxygen 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 10.4 Specific conductance 39 39 39 39 39 pH 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 Surface Illumination 980 1% Surface 111umination 3.0 Alkalinity 13 13 13 13 13 Turbidity 23 21 26 22 23 Chloride 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.7 NO3 + t102 nitrogen 0.199 0.193 0.186 0.193 0.188 Annonia ni trogen 0.011 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.023 0.021 Sillcon 4.24 4.21 4.25 4.23 4.26 fron 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.28 0.23 Hanganese 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.04 Calcium 0 52 0.41 0.54 0.51 0 53 Magnesium 0 99 1.08 1.07 1.07 0.05 Aluminum 0.4 Cadmlun, 0.0001 Chromium 0.0012 Copper 0.01450 Lead Hercury
- Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.70 Sodium 2 90 Zinc 0.028 All values are as mg/L c> cept pH, specific concoctance (umbos/cm 2 ). and turbidity (Jackson i Turbidity Unit s). , - meters. Surf. 111., it. candles. It Surf. 111., m. *To beqin Jan. 197h (na- ne t avail.Fla) ,
Revision 1 Entire Pag'e Revised 61 of 158 l
ER Table 2 5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 12/19/73
-station 1 1 1 2 2 Time 10:30 10:30 10:30 11:00 11:00 Test Depth (meters): 25.0m 30.0m 11.on 0.1m 5.om
' Temperature 'C. 10.6 10.5 10.5 11.0 11.0 Dissolved oxygen 10.4 10.8 11.8 95 9.4 Specific conductance 40 40 40 38 38 1
pH 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.1 7.1 Surface Illumination 1% Surface illumination Alkallnity 12 13 13 13 14 Turbidity 21 19 26 18 17 Chlorlde 3.1 31 4.7 3.1 3.0 N03 + N02 nitrogen 0.196 0.183 0.182 0.191 0.163 Ammonta nitrogen 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.005.- 0.003 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.022 0.050 0.042 0.020 0.020
$11tcon 4.11 4.16 4.27 4.22 4.19 Iron 0.21 0.16 0.31 0.17 0.15 l Manganese 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.03 I
Calcium 0 52 0.52- 0.52 0.54 0.54 Magnesium 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.08 Aluminum 0.5 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 Copper 0.01350 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium . 1.75 Sodium 3.00 Zinc , 0.026 All values are as mg/L except pH, speelfic conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 197L Revision 1 Entire Pag'c Revise 62 of 158 l a_-_______ -_- _-_ __ _ _ - _ _=__ - - _ _ ~
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) , I LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 12/19/73 Station 2 2 2 2 2 Vime 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:00 Test Oep t h (me t e r s) : 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 25.0m 30.nm Temperature 'C. 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.5 Olssolved oxygen 8.8 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.6 specific conductance 38 38 38 38 38 pH 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.6 8.0 . Surface Illumination 1% Surface 111umination Alkalinity 13 13 13 13 13 Turbidity 17 17 20 21 16 Chloride 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.194 0.190 0.177 0.162 0.157 Ammonia nitrogen 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Yotal phosphorus 0.022 0.023 0.021 0.020 0.023 Sillcon 4.29 4.21 4.16 4.07 4.14 Iron 0.14 0.20 0.21 0.17 0.16 Hanganese 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.06 Calcium 0.54 0.47 0.53 0.52 0 53 Magnesium 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.06 Aluminum Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Hercury Nickel Potassium Sodium Zinc All values are as rig /L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). rn = rne t e r s . Surt, 111., ft. c a nd l e t. . li Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 197l Revision 1 63 of 185 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 12/19/73 4 4
/ Station 3 3 3 Time 11:10 11:10 11:10 11:30 11:30 Test De pth (me te rs) : 0.3m 5.0m 8.om 0.3m 5.0m 4
. Temperature 'C. 10.5 10.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 Dissolved oxygen 9.5 9.8 99 9.6 9.6 Specific conductance 38 38 38 37 37 pH 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.2 7.3 ,
Surface Illumination 900 4.0 It Surface Illumination Alkalinity 13 13 13 13 13 Turbidity 16 19 20 21 24 Chloride 2.8 30 32 3.1 3.6 0.104 0.189 0.201 0.176 0.188-NO3 + N02 nitrogen Ammonta nitrogen 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005' Total phosphorus 0.021 0.019 0.023 0.023 0.024 ( Silicon 4.04 4.12 4.24 4.20 0.12 4.23 0.18 tron 0.16 0.15 0.13 , Manganese 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.06 Calcium 0.51 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.51 . i Magnesium 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.06 , Aluminum 0.4 0.9 , Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001. , Chromium 0.0009 0.0009 i Copper 0.01100 0.01100 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 0.010.
- Potassium 1.75 . l.75 '
Sodium 3.20 3 20 I w IInc 0.026 . 0.030 2 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 64 of 185 . Entire Page Revised I
ER Table 2 5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 12/19/73 station 4 5 5 6 6 Time 11:30 11:40 11:40 11:55 11:55 Test Dept h (me te r s) : 9.0m 0.3m 5.0m 0. % 5.0m l
'Vemperature 'C. 10.0 95 95 9.5 8.5 Dissolved oxygen 10.8 10.2 10.6 10.4 10.4 !
l Specific conductance 37 31 35 36 36 l l pH 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.2 7.2 s Surface Illumination 720 300 1% Surface illumination 5.0 4.0 i Alkallnity 12 14 13 13 13 Turbidity 18 14 18 21 12 Chloride 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.7 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.190 0.139 0.179 0.132 0.185 Annonia nitrogen 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.006 0.007 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.021 0.018 0.020 0.024 0.053 Silicon 4.34 4.18 4.31 4.06 ,4.07 iron 0.14 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.09 l Manganese 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 , I Calcium 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 i Magnesium 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.05 Aluminum 0.2 0.1 l Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 ; Chromium 0.0009 0.0008 Copper 0.00700 0.01800 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 0.010 , Potassium 1 75 1.75 , Sodium 3.30 3.40 Zinc , 0.012 0.038 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. 111.. m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1 65 of 158 , Entire Page Revised .
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) ' LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 12/19/73 Station 7 7 8 8 8
/ Time 12:30 12:30 12:40 12:40 12:40 Test "epth (me t e r s) : 0.3m 6.0m 0.4m 5.0m 10.0m
' Temperature 'C. 9.5 8.5 10.9 10.9 10.9 l Dissolved oxygen 10.6 11.21 8.9 8.8 8.1
{ Speelfic conductance 37 38 39 39 39 pH 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.1 Surface illumination 900 900
' 3.8 It surface Illumination 35 13 14 13 13 13 Alkalinity 21 32 23 23 21 Turbidity Chlorlde 37 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 0.440 0.137 0.460 0.460 0.440 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen Ammonta nitrogen 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.024 Silicon 4.34 3.96 4.40 4.61 '4.58 Iron 0.23 0.21 0.16 0.19 0.16 5
Manganese 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.07 Calclum 0.49 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.49 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.07 1.08 Magnesium Aluminum 0.5 0.6 Cadalum 0.0013 0.0002 , Chromium 0.0013 0.0011 j
+
Copper 0.08500 0.00650 i Lead a Mercury e i Nickel 0.010 0.010 !
! j Potassium 1.75 1.75 Sodlum 3.60 3 75 1 Zinc 0.054 0.017 t'~ All values are as mg/L except pH. specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity ' (Jackson .
I Turbidity Units). m = rne t e r s . Surf. 111.. ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision ] Entire Page Revise. 66 of 158 J
ER Table' 2.S.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 12/19/73 Station 8 8 8 9 9 Vime 12:40 12:40 12:40 13:10 13:10 Vest Dep t h (me t e rs) : 15.0m 20.0m 25.om 0.3m 5.om
' Temperature *C. 10.6 10.2 10.0 10.1 10.0 Dissolved oxygen 7.7 9.6 10.0 9.2 9.3 Specific conductance 39 39 38 37 38 pH 7.I 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.0 Surface illumination 1100 i 1% Surface Illumination 4.0 Alkallnity 13 13 14 13 13 Turbidity 24 24 23 15 17 chlorlde 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.480 0.520 0.520 0.195 0.193 Ammonta nitrogen 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.010 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.019 0.019 Silicon 4.62 4.40 4.43 4.28 4.46 Iron 0.28 0.24 0.29 0.18 0.19 Manganese 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.05 calcium 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.48 Magnesium 1.08 1.09 1.07 1.09 1.09 Aluminum 0.5 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 Copper 0.00950 Lead Mercury Nickel 0,010 f l'o ta s s i um 1.70 Sodlum 3 70 Zinc ,
0,o13 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1
- Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2'(cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA - 12/19/73 -
- s Station 9 9 10 10 10 t
Time 13: 10 13:10 ~ 13:30 13:30 13:30 Test Oepth (me t e r s) : 10.0m 15.0m 0.3m 5.0m 7,0m
'Temperat ru e 'C. 10.0 91 10.0 10.0 10.0 j Olssolved oxygen 9.7 10.0 .9.4 9.7 10.2 l Specific conductance 38 38 38 35 37 pH 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.0 7.0 Surface 111umination 1100 f
4 .;
- 4. 1% Surface 111umination 2.5 ;
I^ Alkalinity 13 13 13 13 14 Turbidity 20 21 18 19 17 Chloride 4.4 3.7 4.7 3.6 30 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.190 0.194 0.191 0.192 0.188 Ammonia nitrogen 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 j Soluble o phosphorus 0.C05 0.005 0.00h' O.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.020 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.051 3 Silicon '4.23 4.16 4.31 4.28 4.31 ! 1 tron 0.20 0.20 0.23 0.22 0.22 i Manganese 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 Calcium 0.64 0.61 0.62 0 59 0.60. . Magnesium 1.07 1.09 1.06. 1.09 ').08 Aluminum 0.5 i Cadmium 0.0001 l Chromium 0.0010 Copper 0.00600 Lead Mercury Nicke1~ 0.010 Potassium ,1 70
' ~
Sodium. 3 75 Zinc 0.016 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It surf. 111., m. ,
*To begin Jan. 197h' j Revisinn.1 Entire Page Revised ,
68 of- 158 - ; l
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY DATA 12/19/73 Station 11 11 11 11 12 Time 13:50 13:50 13:50 13:50 14:15 Test Depth (meters): 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 0.3m Temperature 'C. 11.1 11.1 11.0 11.0 10 9
. Dissolved oxygen 8.4 8.5 8.9 92 9.6 Specific conductance 40 40 40 41 39 pH 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 .
Surface Illumination 880 700 1% Surface Illumination 3.0 3.0 Alkalinity 13 13 13 13 13 i Turbidity 25 26 27 22 22 Chloride 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.440 0.440 0 380 0.540 0.420 Ammon1a nitrogen 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 i Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 i Total phosphorus 0.023 0.025 0.025 0.024 0.025 l Silicon 4.48 4.46 4.65 4.48 4.45 fron 0.31 0 34 0 32 0.28 0.20 i Manganese 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.07 S Calcium 0.55 0 59 0.60 0.61 0.62 i Magnesium 1.08 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.05 Aluminum 19 2.1 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0012 0.0014 Copper 0.01450 0.01250 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 1.70 1 75 Sodium 4.05 4.20 Zinc 0.051 0.064 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1. 69 of 158 , Entire Page Revised
.. . . . ~. .- - - -- - - - _ - -
i
~
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) '[ I LAKC NORMAN WATER CHCHISTRY DATA l 12/19/73 j Station 12 13 13 13 13 ? (N Time 14:15 14:40 14:40 14:40 10.0m 14:40 t Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 5.0m 0.3m S.0m 15.0m 16.0 11.0 - I
' Temperature *C. 9.5 11.5 11.5 Dissolved oxygen 11.0 9.0 8.0 8.3 8.3 i
Specific conductance 41 43 42 42 41 ! pH 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 [
, Surface illumination 680 ;
1% Surface 111umination 30 l; Alkallnity 14 14 14 14 15 Turbidity 41 23 24 18 21 j chlorlde 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 , H03 + NO2 nitrogen 0.520 0.178 0.177 0.173 0.177-Ammonia nitrogen 0.007 0.'005 0.007 0.006 0.007 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 '0.005 0.005' O.005 ; t Total phosphorus 0.030 0.028 0.027 0.027 0.029 l Silicon 4.57 4.52 4.51 4.48 4.48 iron 0.59 0.23 0.48 0.25 0.24 Hanganese 0.15 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.03 Calcium 0.57 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.57 Magnesium 1.09 1.10 1.07 1.06 1.07 Aluminum 0.2 Cadmium 0.0001 Chrom 19e 0.0009 Copper 0.00400 LW Harcury Nickel 0.010
~
Potassium 1 75 Sodium 4.55 Zinc 0.016 All values are as mg/L except pH. specific conductance (umbos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson O- Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1971: Revision 1-Entire Page Revised 70 of 1,58 a
ER Tcble 2.5.3-2 (Cont.)
)
LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 12/19/73 Station 13 13 14 14 15 Time 14:40 14:40 14:50 14:50 15:00 l Test De p t h (ne t e rs) : 20.0m 23.0m 0.3m 3.0m 0.3m
' Temperature *C. 10.6 10.5 18.0 12.5 12.0 i 1
l' Olssolved oxygen 9.0 9.4 11.0 8.9 8.3 Specific conductance 41 42 40 40 42 i pH 6.8 6.8 7.4 8.5 6.8 Surface 111umination 710 680 t i l 1% Surface 111umination 3.0 3.0 , Alkallnity 15 14 14 14 14 Turbidity 30 19 21 21 18 Chloride 4.4 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.172 0.178 0.190 0.177 0.177 Ammonia nitrogen 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 l i Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 l Total phosphorus 0.032 0.029 0.028 0.028 0.024 ! l' Silicon 4.50 4.46 4.43 4.45 4.50 iron 0.41 0.23 0.27 0.26 0.24 Manganese 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 - I Calcium 0.57 0.61 0.54 0.63 0.59 i Magneslum 1.06 1.07 1.09 1.08 1.07 Aluminum 0.2 1.0 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0013 0.0008 Copper 0.00350 0.00500 Lead
- Hercury
- Nickel 0.010 0.010 ,
Potassium 1 90 1.75 ) Sodium 4.80 5 00 i Zinc 0.010 0.039 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 Revision 1. 71 of 158 Entire Page Revised
i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) ; i.AKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA , 12/19/73 . j : Station 15 15 15 15 18 l Time 15:00 15:00 15:00 15:00 16:20 i Test Depth (meters): 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 19 0m 0 3m ~ *
' Temperature 'C. 11.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 8.1 Dissolved oxygen 8.3 8.4 7.8 7.8 10.6 {.
Specific conductance 42 41 41 41 170 l pH 6.8 6.8 6,8 6.8 7.2 surface iIlumination na 1% Surface Illumination na Alkallnity 14 14 14 14 20 Turbidity 22 19 21 18 13 Chlorlde 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.2 , l' ' NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.174 0.172 0.167 0.183 0.124 Ammonla nitrogen 0.005 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 , Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.036 Total phosphorus 0.028 0.029 0.028 0.027 0.063 511 Icon 4.45 4.61 4.54 .4.49' -4.74 fron 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.01 !' : I ! Manganese 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 l l 5 Calcium 0.56 0.56- 0.58 0.44 25.20 i i Magneslum 1.07 1.02 -1.07 1.07 4.40 i Aluminum 0.4 Cadmium 0.0002 . I i Chromium 0.0033 f Copper 0.00500 , Lead
- I. j t
Mercury * ! I Nickel 0.010
.i ;
Potassium 10.0 ' ; i Sodlum 8.50 i Zinc 0.017 [ I All values are as mg/L except pH. Specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l , Turbidity Units). n = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. *To begin Jan. 1974 ; j na=not available i : Revision 1. ! 72of159 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 12/19/73 Station 16 Tine 09:00 Test Dept h (me t e r s ) : 0. w . Temperature 'C. 7.0 Dissolved oxygen 10.7 Speelfic conductance 36 pH 6.8 Surface Illumination na 1% Surface illumination na Alkalinity 17 Turbidity 29 Chloride 3.8 NO3 4 NO2 nitrogen 0.186 Anunonia nitrogen 0.005 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.028 , Silicon 5.54 Iron 0.52 Mr.nganese 0.07 Calcium 0.69 Magnesium 1.32 Aluminom 2.5 Cadmium 0.0002 Chromium 0.0013 Copper 0.02875 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.90 Sodium 4.35 Zinc 0.156 All values are as rng/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft, candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. *To begin Jan. 197h na = not available Revision 1 73 of 15,8 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 1/16/74 ; [ Station 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Time 9:15 9:15 9:15 9:15 9:15 , Test De o t h (inete r s) : O.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m
' Temperature 'C. 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Olssolved oxygen 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.0 12.1 l Specific conductance 32 37 41 42 42 ,
pH 7.3 7.0 7.1 70 6.9 , l Surface I1lumination 2500 It Surface 111umination 5.0 r Alkallnity 12 12 12 12 12 i l' Turbidity 16 18 18 17 18 Chloride 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 : NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.270 0.270 0.265 0.2B1 0.272 i Ammonta nitrogen 0.014 0.014 _ 0.014, 0.014 0.014 i Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 i Total phosphorus 0.028 0.032 0.030 0.028 0.028 Silicon 3 90 3.87 3.88 3 91 3.9) , iron, Total 0.40 0.40 0.43 0 34 0.42 j Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 i Calcium 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.20 1.20 i ! Magneslum 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.12 1.12 .
~
i Aluminum 0.2 l Cadmium 0.0001 ; , Chromium 0.0010 Copper 0.0070 : Lead <0.010 Mercury 0.0003 N1cke1 0.065 i Potassium 1.67 Sodium 4.50 i Zinc 0.080 O All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cn 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson i i Q Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft, candlet,. It Surf. 111., m. (na - not availabic) Revision-1 74 of 158 Entire Page Revised
ER Tcble 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY 0ATA 1/16/74 Station 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Time 9:15 9:15 9:35 9:35 9:35 Test Dep t h (re t e r s) : 25.0m 30.0m 0 3m 5.om 10.0m . Temperature 'C. 9.0 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.7 Dissolved oxygen 12.0 11.9 12.2 12.2 12.2 Specific conductance 42 42 39 40 40 pH 6.9 7.0 7.4 7.3 7.2 . Surface i11uminatIon 4600 1% Surface Illumination 4.0 . Alkaltnity 11 12 12 12 13 Turbidity 32 29 17 19 18 Chlorlde 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.4 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.240 0.282 0.281 0.270 0.275 Amonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 'O.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.005 Total phospherus 0.036 0.045 0.040 0.029 0.032 Silicon 3.85 3.9C 4.01 3.93 3.90 iron, Total 0.58 0.69 0.41 0.38 0.34 Manganese 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 Calclum 1.11 1.09 1.16 1.17 1.20 Magnesium 1.12 1.11 1.13 1.12 1.12 Aluminum 0.3 Cadmium 0 0001 Chromium 0.0013 Copper 0.0110 Lead Hercury Nicke1 g,yyg Potassium 1.65 Sodium 4.40 II"C 0.061 All values are as mg/L except pH. specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111.. ft, candles. 10 Surf. 111., m. Revision ] 75 of 1,58 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2 5.3-2 (cont.) ; i LAKE NOPMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 1/16/74 l Station 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Time 9:35 9:35 9:35 9:35 10:00 Test Deat h (re te r s) : 15.om 20.0m 25.0m 30.0m 0.3m {
. Temperature 't. 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 90 t Olssolyed oxygen 12.1 12.1 12.1 11.9 12.1 '
Specific conductance 40 40 40 41 40 i pH 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.9 7.4 , Surface 111umination 5800 :
. l 1% Surface Illumination 4.0 Alkalinity 12 13 14 12 12 Turbidity 20 21 20 19 18 f Chloride 5.1 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.4 i
NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.279 0.280 0.281 0.261 0.275 i I I Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 . ._ 0. 01.4 0.014 0.014 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.027 0.030 0.026 0.028 .0.027 Stilcon 3 95 3.95 -3.96 3.89 3 97 Iron, Total 0.35 0.46 0.44 0 36 0.42 j
?
Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 i Calcium 1.18 1.07 1.17 1.17 1.20 ; Magnesium 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.14 j Aluminum 0.2 i Cadmium 0.0002 Chromium 0.0010 Copper 0.0260 Lead Mercury Nickel I 0.106 Potassium 1.65 I
. Sodium 4.25 .
n- Zinc 0.112 - 2 I All values are as mg/L except pH. specifle conductance (unthos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson . ; Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. t il . , f t. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 76 of 158 , Entire Page Revised a
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) ' j i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 1/16/74 5 tat 1on 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Time 10:00 10:00 10:05 10:05 10:05 i Test Deo t h (me t e r s) : 5.0m 6.0m 0,3m 5.0m 9.0m I
' Temperature *C. 90 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.5 Olssolved oxygen 11.8 11.4 12.4 12.2 12.1 Spectfic conductance 40 40 36 38 39 pH 7.5 7.4 72 7.2 73 .
Surface Illumination 7500 < 1% Surface 111umination 5.0 Alkalinity 13 13 11 13 12 Turbidity 19 16 16 15 15 Chloride 4.9 5.1 5.4 4.9 5.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.263 0.273 0.252 0.248 0.263 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 i Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.005 '0.005 Total phosphorus 0.029 0.029 0.026 0.026 0.034 l Silicon 3.89 3 97 3.79 3.78 3.83 tron, Total 0.43 0 37 0 34 0.38 0 35 I Manganese 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 Calcium 1.21 1.18 0.99 1.22 1.23 I Magnesium 1.10 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.12 Aluminum 0.1 Cac nium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0011 l Copper 0.0085 l Lead l Mercury Nickel 0.149 , Potassium 1.65 i Sodlum 4.40 Zinc 0.034 Al! values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2), and turbidity (Jackson l Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. 111.. m. I Rbvision I g 77 of 158 Entire Pa'ge Revised
l
, ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.)
LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY DATA l 1/16/74 i [] Station 4.5 4.5 -5.0 5.0 5.0 l V Time 10:15 10:15 10:30 10:30 10:30 l Test Dept h (ne te r s) : 0.3m 2.0m 0.3m 5.0m 6.om I '
' Temperature 'C. 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.6 8.5 i
Olssolved oxygen 12.2 12.2 12.4 12.5 12.2 Specific conductance 34 33 22 36 37 pH 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.9 6.9 . Surface Illumination 7900 7900 1% Surface 111umination 5.0 5.0 l 1 Alkalinity 13 13 11 11 14 l Turbidity 15 23 14 15 14 Chloride 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.5 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.263 0.258 0.240 0.220 0.231 Ammonta nitrogen 0.014 0.'014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 t Total phosphorus 0.034 0.030 0.025 0.025 0.028 Silicon 3.84 3.78 3.68 3.64 3.69 l Iron, Total 0 32 0.45 0 31 0.32 0.25 Manganese 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.01 l Calcium 1.24 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.20 l Magneslum 1.11 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 Aluminum 0.2 0.1 Cadmium 0.0001 0,0001 Chromium 0.0010 0.0010 Copper 0.0080 0.0055 Lead <0.010 Mercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.010 0.014 Potassium I.62 1.60 Sodium 4.35 4.30 Zinc 0.520 - 0.031 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umbos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson
~
Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. la Surf. 111., m. Revision 1 78 of 158, Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 1/16/74 5tation 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 Time 10:45 10:45 10:45 11:00 11:00 Test De pt h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 6.0m O.3m 5.0m " Temperature 'C. 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.2 Dissolved oxygen 12.8 12.3 12.3 12.6 12.2 Specific conductance 22 28 29 30 35 pH 7.0 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 , Surface illumination 7900 6000 1% Surface Illumination 50 4.0 Alkallnity 12 12 12 11 12 Vurbidity 16 16 16 18 18 Chloride 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.9 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.218 0.219 0.211 0.318 0.293 Ammonta nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.030 0.026 0.025 0.026 0.030 Silicon 3.59 3.58 3.59 3.87 3.87 fron, Total 0.26 0 32 0.31 0.40 0.43 Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 Calcium 1.19 1.10 1.21 1.17 1.16 Magneslum 1.11 1.11 1.12 1.12 1.12 Aluminum 0.2 0.2 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 0.0010 Copper 0.0010 0.0070 Lead Mercury , Nickel 0.020 0,093 Potasslum 1.60 1.60 Sodium 4.50 4.70 Zinc 0.025 0.034 All values are as mg/L except pH. Specific conductance (umhos/cm2), and turbidity (Jockson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft, candles. It Surf. 111. . ra . Revision.1 79 of 158 , Entire Page Revise
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (con't.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 1/16/74 p station 70 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 Time 11:00 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:15 Test Dep t h (ne t e r s) : 6.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 8.5
' Temperature *C. 8.1 9.0 8.7 8.7 DI: solved oxygen 12.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 12.0 Specific conductance 36 40 42 42 42 pH 6.7 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.1 ,
Surface Illumination 5000 1% Surface Illumination 4.0 l Alkalinity 12 12 13 13 11 Turbidity 16 18 20 21 20 Chlorlde 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.289 0.313 0.283 0.338 0.283' Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 ,0.014 , 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phasphorus 0.030 0.030 0.027 0.026 0.026 SIIIcon 3.92 4 09 4.00 3.91 3.90 Iron, Total 0.40 0.43 0.40 0 54 0.46 l Hanganese 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.05 Calcium 1.17 1.09 1.15 1.16 1.25 I Magnesium 1.13 1.13 1.11 1.11 1.11 Aluminum - 0. 2 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 Copper 0.0050 Lead <0.010 Hercury 0.0002 Nickel 0.860 Potassium 1.62 Sodium 4.60 Zinc 0.116 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 80 of 158 Entire Page Revised
- - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . . _ _ _ _ _ . __D
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 1/16/74 Station 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 Time 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:55 11:55 Test Dep t h (ne t e r s) : 20.0m 25.0m 29.0m 0.3m 5.0m
' Temperature *C. 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.7 Dissolved oxygen 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.3 12.2 Spectfic conductance 42 42 42 41 42 pH 5.6 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.7 ,
Surface i11uminatIon 7000 1% Surface 111umination Alkalinity 12 12 12 11 11 Turbidity 22 18 19 41 40 l Chloride 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.276 0.278 0.277 0.279 0.273 Anunoni a ni t rogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.027 0.032 0.026 0.025 0.030 Silicon 3.92 3 90 3.88 3.97 3.97 fron, Total 0.51 0.49 0.54 0.43 0.48 Hangacese 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 Calclum 1.24 1.09 1.22 1.22 1.22 Magnesium 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.11 Aluminum 0.2 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 Copper 0.0015 Lead Mercury Nickel 0,059 Potassium 1.62 Sodium 4.50 Zinc 0,057 All values are as mg/L except pH, speelfic conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. I'; Surf. Ill., m. Revision 4 81 M 158, Entire Page Revise
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) ; I LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA j 1/16/74- l l Station 90 9.0 90 10.0 10.0 . Time 11:55 11:55 11:55 12:40 12:40 ' Test Death kete rs) : 10.0m 15.0m 19.0m 0.3m 5.0m Temperature 'C. 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.5 Dissolved oxygen 12.2 12.3 12.1 12.4 12.4 Specific conductance 42 42 42 40 41 l pH 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.7 , i l Surface 111umination 9600 -
.i 1% Surface Illumination 4.0 I ,
Alkalinity 12 12 12 12 12 . l ' Turbidity 46 41 39 40 44 i i Chloride 4.7 4.8 5.4 4.9 4.9 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.273 0.276 0.282 0.264 0.264 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 ' Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.028 0.027 0.029 0.025 0.027 Silicon 3.92 3.97 3.97 3.82 3.87 Iron, Total 0.90 0.70 0.66 0.55 0.46 Manganese 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Calcium 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.28 1.27 Magneslum 1.14 1.12 1.13 1.12 1.13 Aluminum , 0.2 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium- 0.0010 ; Copper 0.0010 t Lead Mercury , Nickel 0.010 Potassium , 1.65 Sodium 5.00 Zinc 0.053 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. 111., m. . Revision 1 Enti re Page Revised ~ 82 of 1.58
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 1/16/74 static, 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 Time 12:40 13:00 13:00 13:00 13:00 Test Oept h (re te r s ) : 7.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 14.om Temperature *C. 8.3 9.5 9.2 9.2 9.0 Dissolved oxygen 12.2 12.0 11.5 11.4 11.2 SpectfIc conductance 41 37 40 42 42 pH 6.8 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.1 Surface Illumination 4400 1% Surface 111umination 32 Alkalinity 12 13 12 12 12 Turbidity 38 21 28 26 21 Chloride 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.278 0.299 0.289 0.295 0.289 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.029 0.030 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.009 0.007 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.027 0.033 0.041 0.034 0.056 Silicon 3.95 4.23 4.30 4.30 4.22 fron, Total 0.43 0.54 0.71 0.58 Manganese 0.03 0.05 0.13 0.06 0.04 Calcium 1.28 1.22 1.11 1.12 1.19 Magnesium 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.14 1.12 Aluminum 0.3 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0024 Copper 0.0010 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.68 Sodium 4.95 Zinc 0.049 ! All values are as mg/L except pH. specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft, candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 Entire Page Revised 83 of 158 ,
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . t LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA , 1/16/74 j 5tation 12.0 12.0 13 0 13.0 _13.0_ ( !, Time 13:30 13:30 13:45 13:45 13:45 I Test Dep th (me te r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m
^
Temperature 'C. 10.1 9.2 11.5 10.0 8.5 f Dissolved oxygen 12.8 11.6 12.6 12.0 11.2 40 41. ! Specific conductance 42 43 34 l pH 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.2 5.9 , i Surface illumination 6000 - 1 , 1% Surface illum1 nation 30 i 13 11 11 12 ; Alkallnity 13 Turbidity 21 21 31 39 45 Chloride 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.5 0.283 0.282 0.278 0.277 0.273 NO3+NO2 nitrogen Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.'014 0.065 0.092 0.098 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 , f Total phosphorus 0.038 0.044 0.043 0.050 0.055 Silicon 4.23 4.23 4.40 4.43 4.43 fron, Total 0.51 0.57 0.80 1.04 1.10 Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 Calcium 1.22 1.11 1.16 1.07 1.03 Magnesium 1.11 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.05 i Aluminum 0.2 1.5 Cadmium 0,0001 0.0007 Chromium . 0.0010 0.0027 Copper 0.0142 0.0170 Lead Mercury N1ckel o,010 0.012 Potassium- 1.68 1.70 Sodium 4.90 4.55 ; Zinc o,080 0.076
\ .
All values are as mg/L except pH. Specific-conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson
~
Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 17. Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 Entire Page Revised 84 of 158
. I J
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA I/16/74
;,.ation 13.0 13.0 13.0 14.0 14.0 Time 13:45 13:45 13:45 14:10 14:10 Test Deptb(neters): 15.0m 20.0m 24.om O.3m 5.0m
' Temperature *C. 8.5 8.5 8.5 18.0 10.0 Dissolved oxygen 11.0 10.8 10.2 13.2 11.0 Spectfic conductance 40 41 41 39 42 pH 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.4 , Surface illumination na 1% Surface Illumination na Alkallnity 11 12 12 12 12 Turbidity 44 44 24 29 31 Chloride 4.7 4.7 5.1 4.9 4.7 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.271 0.288 0.285 0.273 0.273 Ammonia nitrogen 0.100 0.101 0.038 0.048 0.060 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.051 0.050 0.037 0.045 0.044 Silicon 4.48 4.46 4.31 4.29 4.34 fron, Total 1.09 1.06 0.67 0.73 0.80 Manganese 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.03 Calcium 0 98 0.97 0.96 1.09 1.06 Magnesium 1.06 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.09 Aluminum , 0.5 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0012 Copper 0.0090 Lead <0.010 Mercury 0.0002 Nickel 0.180 Potassium 1.70 Sodium 4.90 Zinc 0.065 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. Ill . , f t , canJ tes. 17 Surf. til., m. 1 Revision 1. I 85 of 158 Entire Page Revised , l
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.)
?
LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 1/16/74 Station 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 .i (N Time 14:30 14:30 14:30 14:30 14:30 f Test ocpt h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.om 'j , 8.1 8.1 ; Temperature *C. 12.5 9.0 8.5 ! 0issolved. oxygen 13.0 12.6 11.8 11.3 11.0 Specific conductance 40 42 41 40 40 pH 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.2 ; Surface lilumination na l 1% Surface 111umination na i Alkalinity 11 11 11 11 11' l
?
Turbid 1ty 37 33 39 49 47 -l Chloride 4.5 47 4.7 4.7 4.5 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.272 0.278 0.277 0.277 0.278 I Ammonta nitrogen 0.075 0.074 0.081 0.089 0.094 i Soluble o-phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 l Total phosphorus 0.047 0.075 0.084 0.052 0.064 : I SIIIcon 4.43 4.43 4.40 4.41 4.39 ; v 1.04 1.07 Iron, Total 0.90 0.89 0.95 . Manganese 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 Calcium 0.98 0.95 0.95 1.00 1.01 Magneslum 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.02 l Aluminum 1.5 Cadmium 0:0001 Chromium 0.0018 Copper 0.0110 Lead ;
. Mercury Niekel. 0.010 t
Potassium 1.65 , i Sodium 4.35 L ZIne 0.560 ! 2 All values are'as mg/L except pH, specific conduttance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. na=not available
- Revision J. '
86 of 158 , Entire Page Revised
+- ' , , .,
1 4
, ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) )
LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA
.1/16/74 1 station 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 Tirne 14:30 12:00 14:00 l Test Ocoth(reters): 23.0m 0.3m 0.3m 0.3m j i
' Temperature *c. 8.1 8.6 8.4 Dissolved oxygen 10.4 10 7 12.1 Specific conductance 40 41 220 pH 6.2 7.I 73 . Surface i1luminatlon 4000 n, 1% Surface Illumination 4.0 n. Alkalinity 12 11 24 Turbidity 27 19 25 Chloride 4.9 5.1 5.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.277 0.299 0.358 Ammonia nitrogen 0.034 0.'014 0.025 Soluble o phosphorus na 0.006 0.005 Total phosphorus na 0.029 0.092 511 Icon 4.32 3.8) 4.18 1ron, Total 0.70 0.45 0.20 Manganese 0.02 0.03 0.04 Calcium 0 96 1.19 31.60 Hagnesium 1.07 1.14 3.50 Aluminum 0.1 0.6 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0120 0.0135 Copper 0.0085 '0.0060 Lead <0.010 <0.010 Hercury 0.0003 0.0002 Nicke1 0.160 0.090 Potassium 1.65 9 00 Sodlum 4.50 7.20 Zinc 0.143 0.014 2 All values are as mg/L catept pH. specific conductance (umhos/cn ) and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Unitt.). m = n.c t e r s . Surf. til., ft. candles. 14 Surf. Ill., m. na=not available Revislon 1 87 of 158, Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , l l LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 1 2-12-74 ! ..f~^ station 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ! Time 9:30 9:30 9:30 9:30 9:30 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m
. ' Temperature *C. 9.I 9.I 9.I 91 9.1
.Olssolved oxygen 9.8 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.0 ;
Specific conductance 37 38 40 40 40 : pH 7.1 7.0 70 7.0 7.I ,
?
Surface illumination 2500 l 1% Surface 111cmination 1.5 Alkalinity 11 12 12 11 12 Turbidity 13 14 14 16 18 Chloride 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.300 0.269 0.267 0.263 0.267 Amonta nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.028 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.007 Total phosphorus 0.031 0.029 0.034 0.026 0.026 I Silicon 3.91 3.88 3 93 3 91 3.90 Iron, Total 0.51 0.48 0.50 0.48 0 51' Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 l Calcium 2.28 1.97 2.18 2.22 2.25 Magnesium 1.20 1.18 1.19 1.18 1.19 Aluminum 0.1 , Ca'dmium 0.0002 Chromium 0.0017 l Copper 0.0187 , i
- Lead <0.010 i
Mercury 0.0003 Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.70 Sodium 4.15 , Zinc 0.180' All' values are os reg /L except pH. specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ). and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. 111...fL. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. (na-not available) i
, R hv i s ion ,1 88 of 158 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 2-12-74 Station 1.0 1.0 i.0 2.0 2.C Time 9:30 9:30 9:30 9:50 9 30 Test De pt h (me t e r s) : 25.0m 30.0m 35.0m 0.3m 3.0m
' Terrpe r a t u r e
- C , 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Dissolved oxygen 9.9 9.8 9.8 S.8 9.8 Specific conductance 40 40 40 36 38 pH 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Surface Illumination 2500 1% Surface Illumination 2.5 12 12 12 11 12 Alkalinity 14 21 16 14, 10 Turbidity Chloride 39 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 0.272 0.267 0.274 0.278 0.277 N33 + NO2 nitrogen Ammon1a nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.008 0.006 0.017 0.005 0.018 Total phosphorus 0.027 0.032 0.028 0.028 0.030 silicon 3.92 3.90 3.88 3.97 3.95 1ron, Total 0.60 0.77 0.61 0.53 0.54 Manganesc 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Calcium 2.25 2.16 2.20 2.24 2.24 Magnesium 1.18 1.20 1.18 1.18 1.18 Aluminum 0.1 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0014 Copper 0.0198 Lead s Mercury Nickel 0.010 l'o t a s s i um 1.65 Sodium 4.15 2i"C 0.225 2
All values are os mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umbos/cm ), ard turbidity (Jackson lm hidity Ur i t ') . m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft, c a n d l e: s . 14 Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 89 of 158 Entire Page Revised t
y-i i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY OATA 2-12-74 O 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 I station
'd Time 9:50 9:50 9:50 9:50 10:10 0.3m Test Depth (meters): 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 25.0m
' Temperature *C. 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 90 Dissolved oxygen 9.8 10.0 9.9 9.9 10.0 Specific conductance 38 39 39 39 33 4
pH 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.1 Surface illumination 3500 i 1% Surface Illumination 3.5 I I2 11 11 12 11 Alkalinity l 10 12 14 15 12 l Turbidity Chlorlde 3.7 37 3.8 3.9 3.8 0.274 0.282 0.275 0.268 0.256 NO3+N02 nitrogen Anrnonla nltrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.009 0.042 0.024 0.006 0.007 Total phosphorus 0.029 0.027 0.026 0.050 0.033 SIIIcon 3 96 3.89 3/0; 3.81 3.81 fron, Total 0.57 0.50 0.46 0 52 0.44 0.01 0.26 0.01 0.01 0.00 Manganese 2.21 2.00 2.06 2.30 2.26 Calcium Magnesium 1.18 1.18 1.20 1.18 1.18 0.1 Aluminum 0.0001. Cadmlum 0.0020 Chromium Copper 0.0243 Lead Mercury 0.010 Nickel Potassium , 1.65 Sodlum 4.20 0.184
,m Zinc k All values are as rng/L except pH specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. 111.. m.
Revision 1. 90 of 158, Entire Page Revised
-,- - _ _ . - . - . _ - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ - . - - _. -
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NOPMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 2-12-74 station 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Time 10:10 10:10 10:25 10:25 10:25 Test Death (meters): 5.om 10.0m 0 3m 5.0m 9.0m Temperature 'C. 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Olssolved oxygen 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Spec 1fIc conduetance 37 37 36 38 38 pH 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Surface illumination 3800 1% Surface Illumination 3.5 Alkalinity 12 12 11 12 12 Turbid 1ty 12 14 12 15 14 Chloride 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.274 0.267 0.264 0.251 0.258 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.17 0.13 0.28 0.005 0.012 Total phosphorus 0.024 0.025 0.025 0.026 0.026 511 Icon 3,84 3.79 3.80 3.80 3.79 fron, Total 0.47 0.39 0.37 0.49 0.45 Manganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cnictem 2.30 2.30 2.34 2.27 2.32 Magnesium 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.19 1.20 Aluminum 0.1 Cadmlum 0.0003 Chromium 0.0014 Copper O.1600 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Pot a s s l ur. 1.65 Sodium 4.15 Zinc 0.200 All values are as mg/L cxcept pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = me t e i s . Surf. 111.. ft. candles. It Surf. 111.. m. Revision 1 91 of 15,8 Entire Page Revised
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 2-12-74 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 (,}$tation Time 10:35 10:35 10:45 10:45 10:45 Test Depth (neters): 0.3m 4.0m 0 3m 5.0m 8.0m l . ' Temperature 'C. 9.0 8.6 9.0 9.0 8.7 l l 10.0 10.0 Dissolved oxygen 10.0 10.0 10.1 Specific conductance 35 38 35 37 38 f pH 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.1 '7.1 Surface Illumination 3800 3800 l l It Surface 111umination na 4.0 Alkalinity 12 12 12 11 12 l Turbidity 10 15 10 10 10 Chloride 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.246 0.255 0.246 0.259 0.245 Ammonta nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.015 0.0C8 0.022 0.020 i Total phosphorus 0.026 0.031 0.026 0.026 0.031 l (Q,/ Silicon 3.77 3.74 3.69 3 70 3.73 iron, Total 0.42 0.29 0.7/ 0.38 0.34 i Manganese 0.00 0.00 0 00 0.00 0.00 { 2.00 2.27 Calcium 2.28 2.30 2.30 Magnesium 1.19 1.20 1.19 1.18 1.18 Aluminum O.1 0.! ) Cadmlum 0.0001 0.0001 l Chromium 0.0010 0.0010 ! l s l Copper 0.0396 0.0385 i Lead <0.010 Mercury 0.0002 I Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 1.70 1,69 , Sodium 4.10 4.00 I Zinc 0.250 0 175 j All values are as mg/L except pH. 5.pecifir ct"ductance (u%c:/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., it. candles. 1; Surf. til., m. na=not available , Revision 1 ! 92 of 15,8 Entire Page Revised
F.
& 'it 4. $*4 l b: il !
UAL NORMAt. WAT Ek LHEM t tT iD 2-12-74 Station " 6.0 ~.C 7.0 7.0 Tire : l:~1 II:k5 11:45 11:45 Test Dec,thf-- grs): __.. 0.3r 5.0m 7.0m
. Temperature *C. d.: ." 8.5 8.4 Dissolved oxynan o. 9' 9.8 9.9 Specific conductance 32 ;/ % 38 39 pH , , 7.0 /.0 7.0 7.0 Surface iIlumination Loco 414 0 11 Surface lilumination 'i . 5 4.0 Alkalinity 1; !; 12 12 Turbidity :C 16 18 Chloride 37 i 3.c 3.8 ,
NO3 + NO2 nitrogen L.238 0.230 1.205 0.278 0.257 Ammonla nitrogen :46 0.014 0. N 4 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus C. P 0.011 0.026 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.C29 0.02' O.032 { Silicon ' 3.93 3.92 i fron, Total a. ' O.Sz o.58 , ! r i Manganese -.L G.' O.00 Calcium . 27 2.22 2.17 2.2C 2.26 Magnesium 1.18 1.17 4.i) 1.17 1.20 Aluminum e,; n, i Cne mW o'ml . Oh rm i rm -; _;;g Copper o,7;; o e,,3 (5 i ' Heru - Nickel ,ig Potassium '.68 , Sodium .% ' ' ' Zinc C.230 '.170
'l vatues are as mg/L except on, u+rc i f i c conto t ance fuc.hos/: -) anc turtiditv (n ckt en
;dity Uniti). ma r a t e r '. '
Sur: i:. , tt a.' it s 111., n fi: ' I - s ' I $ U :^! l
+ t+, b b
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 1 2-12-74 Station -
- 8. 0 -
8.0 8.0 3.0 8.0 ' () Tirse 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 Test Depth (neters): 0.3m 5.0m 10.om 15.0m 20.0m
' Temperature 'C. 9.5 9.2 92 9.0 9.0
]
Dissolved oxygen 9.5 9.4 9.4 95 ' 9'. 5 i Specific conductance 39 40 40 40 40
, pH 7.1 7.0 7.0 '
7.0 7.1 ! Surface 111umination 4400 f 1% Surface illumination 3.5 i i o ' Alkalinity 11 11 12 11 12 Turbidity 22 21 18 17 18 Chloride 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 l 3.7 I NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.288 0.293 0.281 0.287 0.292 l Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 I Soluble o-phosphorus 0.013 0.023 0.029 0.022 0.018 t , j ; Total phosphorus 0.033 0.031 0.028 0.026 0.029 S!!! con 4.15 4.15 4.04 4.02'
- 4.01 '
.\
fron, Total 0.65 0.55 0.5: 0.56 0.47 l i Manganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 Calcium 2.22 2.26 2.20 2.21 2.25 Magnesium 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.18 Aluminum 0.1 > l Cadmlum 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 ! Copper 0.0150 Lead <0.010 Mercury 0.0002 f Nickel 0.010 !
-Potassium 1.72 Sodium 4.25 Zinc 0,170 *.
i [,D11valuesareasmg/Lexcept'pH,specificconductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity-(Jackson ' _ b lurbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. 111., ft, candles. It Surf. Ill., m. , e Revisiori 1~ ! 94 of 15t. Entire Page Revised {
. _ . . . - - . . - . .-.. - -- .. _._. ~ _ , . ...
ER Toole 2.5.3-2 (O ' ! t:RE fr :%N WTEP CnE*f5TRi D i,i A 2-12-74 Station 9.0 :.- 9.0 9.0 Time 12:i0 12:10 12:13 Test D-e $l etersi: 2 r, . -- 5.om 10.om 'i.cm i
. Tem.pe r a t u r e *C. 9.2 9.0 9.0 9.0 Dissolved oxygen 10.0 .9 9.8 9.8 Spe.ific condec:ance =; +-
h! 41 1 1 . pH 7v _ 7.0 '; .. Surface 111oni na t h r-1% Surfe:e illumination 3.5 j Alkalinity ?" 12 11 12 12 Turbidity 45 18 13 Chforide 3. f> 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 tid 3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.279 0.279 0.276 0.276 0.274 Amonia ni t regen ^t! 0 . O l li .014 0.014 0.014 i l Soluble o phosphorus u.015 0.015 0.014 0.009 1 i Total phosphorus .. ?B' 0.025 0.027 0.026
- S111cen ' 3 l 3.99 3 97 Iron, Total 0.43 0.42
,1 Mangane5e c.e0 . 00 - 00 s 0.00 0.00 i Calcium 2.20 2.25 2.2D 2.20 ?.15 Magnesium n
.1' 1.19 1.18 !.;
Aluminum J.i Cocaium 0.0001 ?
- r. 0.0010 Copper
] i Lead I i 1 4ercury l i
- I;i c k e l ^'
Potass .* , fadium 4. :,? Zine 1 10 All values are as . r _. o rn 2), .--d turbidity (.fackson
- Turbidity Unitt.). ,
J Revisi6n 1 - r 4 gg
- o. 158 Entire Page Revised [
j ' ' i
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) .
, i ,
LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
. 2-12-74
[ Station -90 " 10.0 10.0 10.0 11.0
\ Time 12:10 12:30 12:30 12:30 12:45 Test Deot h (me t e r s ) : 18.0m 0.3m 5.om 8.0m 0.3m Temperature 'C. 8.7 9.2 9.0 9.0 10.0 Olssolved oxygen 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.4 Specific conductance 41 36 40 40 40
, pH 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.2 ~ 7.1 ,
Surface 11luminatIon 4600 5000 1% Surface illumination 4.0 2.5 Alkallnity 12 12 12 12 11 Turbidity 14 15 20 21 43 , Chlorlde 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.293 0.277 0.279 0.289 0.270 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.019 Soluble o phosphorus 0.012 0.007 0.013 0.017 0.007 Total phosphorus 0.027 0.027 0.026 0.028 0.036
.r\
,' Q Silicon 3.96 3.96 3.95 3.96 4.13 fron, Total 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.49 0.99 Hanganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Calclum 2.20 2.23 2.20 2.20 2.10 Magnesium 1.19 1.18 1.20 1.19 1.16 Aluminum 0.1 0.7 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 0.0012 Copper . 0.0170 0.0149 Lead Mercury Nickel 0,o]o n,olo Potassium 1.67 1.68 Sodlum 4.20 3.88 i Zinc o,jgo 0.017 (' # urbidity (umhos/cm Units).hilvaluesareasmg/LexceptpH,specificconductance 2 ), and turbidity-(Jackson I T m - meters. Surf. 111. , f t candles. It Surf. Ill., m. 96 of 158 Revision J Entire Page Revised
l l l
. lc .!e 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) l i ME NORMAN WATEF, C"EatiSTR f DAT A 2-12-74 5tation >i 1 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.0 Tine 12:45 12:45 12:45 13:05 Tes: , _ _ 10. C1 15.0m 17.0m 0.3m
'Terrer ') . 9 9.1 9.I 10.0 Dissoled envec- 9.1 8.0 7.9 9.8 Specifie . 40 40 40 39 pH 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.1 Surface Illumina* 4800 t
12 surface ;11amina: ,, 2.5 Alka n . - - 11 1! 11 11 Turbicity 41 52 55 36 j , Chleride . 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen C.316 0.328 0.272 0.274 0.254 , Amnonia nitra; 0.02; 0.021 .021 0.016 l l Soluble o-p50sphorus r u 0.009 0.013 0.012 0.023
' 0.039 0.068 0.037 I Total phosphorus O.037
!!1 Icon 4.19 4.23 4.20 4.17 Iron, Total ' 1:
. 1.22 1.27 0.96 Manganese 3; C.0; 0.36 0.11 0.04 Calcium .iG 2.05 2.0L 2.00 2.00 Magnesium 1.is 1.16 1.14 1.14 Aluminum 0.2 Cadmlum 0.0002 Chromium 0.0015 Coppet e 0.0279 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.78 Sodium 3.75 ,
Zinc 0.225 All values are as rc/L excar* mific ccr..ctan < .'- 3), anc turbidity-(Jackson Turbidity Units). m=, _ 111.. :. . , ,1 i c : l' " rf. til., n. Revision 1 , 97 of 1,58 Entire Page Revised
m I ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.)
.l LAKE NORttAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA #
2-12-74 . 12.0 - 12.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 ( OTime tation 13:05 13:05 13:25 13:25 ' 13:25 Test Dept h (re te r s) : 5.0m 7.0m 0.3m 5.om 10.0m
' Temperature 'C. 9.2 9.0 14.5 10 5 9.9 Olssolved oxygen 9.2 9.1 10.0 8.5 7.8 Specific conductance 40 40 40 40 38
. pH 7.1 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.9 ,
Surface illumination 5200 h i 1% Surface illumination 2.0 Alkalinity 11 11 10 10 10 Turbidity 35 44 71 78 81 I Ch'orlde 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 33 ,. NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.288 0.304 0 316 0.332 0.328 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0,014 _ ,0. 0 51,, 0.058 0.056 Soluble o phosphorus 0.011 0.010 0.013 0.011 0.031 Total phosphorus 0.041 0.046 0.052 0.052 0.053 : llicon 4.18 4.13 4.22 4.19 4.23 fron, Total 1.07 1.12 1.71 1.86 2.11 , Mangenese 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.13 ; Calcium 2.03 2.03 1.97 1.80 1.80 l Msgnesium 1.15 1.16 1.13 1.13 1.11 Aluminum 0.1 4 Cadmium 0.0001 i Chromium 0.0010 Copper . 0.0123 Lead Mercury 1 Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1,73 , .
- S:dlum 3.43 i t
-dinc 0.290
-(,31 values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity-(Jackson I
.l Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m.
Revision 3 98 of 158, Entire Page Revised , h ; f
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NOR"AN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 2-12-74 station 13.0 13.0 13.0 14.0 14.0 Time 13:25 13:25 13:25 13:45 13:45 , Test Dcoth(crters): 15.0m 20.0m 25.0m 0.3m 7.om l Temperature 'c. 9.7 9.5 9.4 19.5 13.0 Dissolved oxygen 7.5 7.2 10.4
/.0 8.5 ;
Specific conductance 39 39 3P 30 31 ;
, pH 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.c Surface Illumination 4800 ,
It surface 111umination 1.0 Alkslinity 10 10 10 10 11 Turbidity 98 104 58 59 58 Chloride 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.3 35 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.330 0.298 0.294 0.288 0.280 I Ammonia nitrogen 0.061 0.063 0.047 0.056 0.o't Soluble o phosphorus 0.014 0.041 0.016 0.022 0.014 Total phosphorus 0.058 0.061 0.044 0.048 0.049 { Silicon 4.20 4.21 4.15 3.92 4.16 fron, Total 2.08 2.35 1.51 1.45 1.52 ! Manganese 0.16 0.1R 0.07 0.06 0.06 Calcium 1.80 1.83 1.90 1.95 1.70 i Maccesiun 1.11 1.12 1.12 4 1.13 1.1? Alucinue 0.4 Cadmium 0.0015 Chromium 0.0024 Copper 0.0630 Lead
<0.010 Mercury 0.0002 Nirwel 0.010 Pct:s 'um 1,74 ioui um 3.L)
Zinc 0.290 i All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turb1dity-(Jackson I TurLidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111. ft. candles. It Surf. lit., m. Revision 1 , 99 of 158 Entire Page Revised l k W- r-e -- _ _ _ _ . _ - _ _ . _ _ _ _ - _ - - _ - - ---__.____m_ -
ER Table 2 5.3-2 (cont.) , i LAtc NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 2-12-74 [ Station 15.0 " 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 Time 14:00 14:00 14:00 14:00 14:00 I Test Deeth(reters): 0.3m 5.0m 10.om 15.om 20.om Temperature *C, 11.2 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.0 Dissolved oxygen 9.4 8.8 8.7 8.4 8.0 , Specific conductance 38 38 39 39 39
. pH 7.I 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 , ' Surface i1luminatIon 4800 1% Surface 111:r.! nation 2.0 Alkalinity 11 11 11 11 10 Turbidity 48 48 48 62 51 f Chloride 35 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.264 0.274 b.266 0.282 0 316 :
Ammonia nitrogen ! 0.054 0.055 0.058 0.060 0.047 j i Soluble o-phosphorus 0.037 0.024 0.021 0.017 0.016 4 i i Total phosphorus 0.046 0.049 0.047 0.051 0.053 ; Silicon 4.19 4.16 4.20 4.22 4.17 ; fron, Total 1.24 1.29 1.30 1.41 1.34 i Manganese 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.80 ! I' Calcium 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.85- 1.70 t Magnesium 1.12 1.14 1.15 1.15 1.23 Aluminum 0.4 Cadmium 0.0001 f' t Chromium 0.00]3 ' Copper 0.0400 Lead na Mercury na i Nickel 0.010 , ; Potassium I,67 _, l Sodium 3.70 l Zinc 0.124 j ' All value',are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity-(Jackson I f Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. -l na=not.available Revision ~1
^
100 of 158 flew Page 4 e
f~ ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 2-12-74 Station 16.0 - 17.0 18.0 ; Time 12:33 14:10 Test Dec t 5 f" t e rsi : 0.3: 0.3m 0.3m
. Temperature 'C. 9.5 90 Dissolved oxygen 7.8 10.4 Specific conductance f2i 160 . pH '. 7,7 Surface 111umination na na 1% Surface Illumination r.a na Alkalinity 1: 25 Turbidity 17 59 ,
Chloride 4.1 4.0 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0. 2.r,) na Ammonia nitrogen , 0.047 Soluble o phosphorus ra 0.116 Total phosphorus , , _ 0.222 5!!!co, 3.E7 trca, Total 0.73 t'angane se , ;; n c.c! i Calcium 23 37 20 Magnesium "
'.7k Aluminum c. , 3,q Cadmium L. :01 '.0003 Chromiun ~^*0 2. r.101 Copper 0.0241 t r . .' : 4; O Mercury 0. 00 *.? O E;01 itkel . . 0., g i :
f-tasslum ' . C; 15.20 Sodium 4 Zinc .400 LG All values are cs m;;/l except pH. t~cific conductance (un+ m /c.a2), and turbidity- (Jackson Turbidity Units) ma ineters. 'a
- Ill., ft. cadlos. 1% Sur f. 111., m.
na=not ava ila b l e-Revision .1 101 of 155; New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.)
- LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 3-28-74 Station i i i l i Time 10:45 10:45 10:45 10:45 10:45 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15 0m 20.om
- Temperature *C. 11.5 1l,1 )),1 11,2 11.0 l Olssolved oxygen 10.2 10.0 99 9.9 9.8 i Specific conductance 49 50 51 5.8 56 ;
I pH 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.7 6. 7. Surface 111umination 600 1% Surface lilumination 33 Alkalinity 9 10 30 30 11 Turbidlty 24 24 24 33 40 Chloride 4.2 4,j 3,9 3,7 4.0 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.341 0 339 0 345 0.319 0 328 Arnmonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.027 0.032 0.027 0.028 0.030 t l Silicon 4.07 4.10 4.21 4.17 4.10 Iron, Total 0.81 0.73 0.75 0 91 1.04 Hanganese 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.n3 0.05 i Calcium 0.42 0.44 0.44 0.41 0.43 l i Magnesium 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.09 1.09 3 Aluminum 0.4 i Cadmium / 0.0003 Chromium, 0.0019 Copper 0.00850 Lead 0.0001. Mercury <0.0002 Nlcke1, 0.0200 , Potasslum 1.70 j Sodium 4.40 Zinc 0.140 I' All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Sur f. Ill . , f t. candles. It Surf. ll1., m. , Revision 1
"** *9*
102 of 158
r ER Table'2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE HORMAN tIATER CHEMISTRY OATA 3-28-74 Station 1 I 1 2 2 Time 10:45 10:45 10:45 11:15 11:15 Test Depth (meters): 25.0m 30.0m 32.0m 0.3m 5.0m
" Temperature *C. 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.5 11.2 Dissolved oxygen 9.8 9.2 8.8 10.2 9.9 Specific conductance 54 54 54 52 54 pH 6./ 6.6 6.6 6.9 6.7 Surface t i l ur.l na t i on 1850 ^
1% Sur f., Illu-Innt ion 3.5 Alkalinity 11 11 11 11 10 Turbidity 11 54 44 19 N Chloride 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 s.9 11 03 + NO2 nitrogen 0.333 0.351 0.349 0 330 0.3L3 Ammon i a n i t r or;c n 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.00E 0.005 0.00f 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.C i 0.036 0.033 0.026 C.029 Silicon L. A,30 4.21 4.11 4.2J tron, Totai ' . l ,L 1.57 1.14 0.60 0.60 I Manganese O.C7 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.02 i Calcium 0.43 0.45 0.43 0.40 0.39 l Magnesium .
.10 1.08 1.06 1.10 l Aluminum 0.9 Cadmium 0.0007 Chromium o,0011 C 0;<! c r 0.01210 l Lead Mercury Nickci 0.500 Potasslum 1.63 Sodium A I2 Zinc o,640 All values are as mg/L except p". ;m ific conductance (umhos/cm2 ), and turbidity W idw '
Tur bidi ty Uni t s) . m
- met.rs surf. lil., ft. c om d l e s . It Surf. 111., m.
Revision ' 103 of 158
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) ; LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 3-28-74 5tation 2 2 2 2 3 Time 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:55 Test Depth (meters): 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 25.0m 0.3m i i
' Temperature *C. 11.2 11.1 11.1 11.1 12.5 j Dissolved oxygen 9.9 99 9.7 9,4 10.3 ;
Specific conductance 55 55 54 53 52 - 6.8 6.8 ! pH 6.7 6.9 7.0 Surface 111umination 1700 1% Surface Illumination 4.3 Alkalinity 11 10 11 11 11 Turbidity 20 20 26 24 18 Chloride 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 l NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.318 0.351 0 359 0 359 0.347 Arrrnonla nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.005 l Total phosphorus 0.023 0.028 0.027 0.028 0.025 ( $111 con 4.11 4.11 4.12 4.10 3.88 Iron, Total 0.54 0.66 0.76 0.78 0.49 . Manganese 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 Calclum 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.45 Magnesium 1.09 1.09 1.07 1.08 1.08 Aluminum 0.6 . , Cadmlum 0.0004 thromium 0.0010 Copper 0.0070 lead Mercury Nickel 0.0100 s Potassium 1.72 4 Sodlum 4.32 j i I G Zinc 0.120 l All values are as mg/L except pH. specif;c conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson I Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. Revision j i New Page l 104 of 158
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) 1.AKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTP.Y DATA 3-28-74 Station 3 4 4 4 4.5 l Time 11:55 12:10 12:10 12:10 12:40 Test De p t h (rm t e e s) : 5.om O.3m 5.0m 7.0m 0.3m
' Temperature *C. 11.5 13.0 11.6 11.6 12.5 Dissolved oxygen 90 10.2 9.8 9.3 10.2 Specific conductance 53 46 53 53 45
. pH 7.3 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.1 Surface fllumination 1700 1700 It Surface Illumination 3.8 Alkelinity 12 11 11 11 12 Turbidity 17 15 15 16 17 l Chloride 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.395 0.342 0.335 0 362 0.334 Amon t a ni t roge n 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.024 0.005 0.005 0.012 0.005 , Total phosphorus 0.025 0.026 0.024 0.026 0.025 ; Silicon 4.C6 4.02 3.65 3.97 4.05 tron, Total 0.63 C.50 0.51 0.46 0.48 Manganese 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Calcium 0.42 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.41 Magnesium 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.08 1.09 Aluminum 0.6 0.3 Cadmium 0.0004 0 .0005 Chromium 0.0011 Copper 0.0095 0.0110 Lead 0.0001 Mercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.0600 0.0100 ! Potassium 1.72 1.81 Sodium 4.25 4.30 Zinc 0.150 0.110 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (urnhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson 9, Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% surf. Ill., m. Revision i 105 of 158 flew Page
ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 3-28-74 ' Station 4.5 4.5 5 5 5 , Time 12:40 12:40 12:55 12:55 12:55 0.3m 5.0m 7.0m i Test Depth (meters): 5.0m 7.0m
' Temperature *C. 11.5 11.5 13.6 11.2 -11 I Dissolved oxygen 9.5 9.0 10.6 9.5 9.1 Specific conductance 52 52 48 52 52 .
pH 73 7.5 7.0 72 7.4 , Surface Illumination 950 l 1% Surface Illumination 4.0 Alkalinity 11 10 11 11 12 . l
--)
Turbldity 17 14 14 15 16 Chloride 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 ' l [ NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.341 0.370 0 351 0.349 0 368 ! Anunonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 _0.014 _ 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.011 0.005 0.005 0.016 . Total phosphorus 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.023 0.025 f b/ Silicon 4.09 4.12 4.06 3.98 4.01 Iron, Total 0.55 0.38 0.42 0.43 0.48 , Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01- 0.01 Calcium 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.46 0.43 Magnesium 1.09 1.09 1.10 1. 09 1.08 Aluminum . 0.3 : 0.0002 e i Cadmium Chromium ' Copper. 0.0102 Lead 1 Mercury , Nickel 0.0100 L l Potassium 1.63 i Sodlum 4.36 [ [ Zinc 0.105 ' \ All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1* Surf. 111., m. Revision 1 106 of 158 New Page l
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) - LAKE NORMAN k%TLR CHEMISTRY DATA , ~4- 2 8- 7 4 Station 6 6 7 7 7 Time 13: 10 13: 10 14:50 4:50 14:50 Test Den t h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0, 0.3m 5.0m 8.0m
~
Temperature *C, 13.0 11.8 13.5 11.5 11.5 a Dissolved oxygen 10.2 9.2 10.6 9.1 8.5 ; Spec 1fIc conductance 38 45 48 53 55 pH 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.7 Surface illuminatlon 900 650 It surface illumination 3.9 3.0 Alkalinity 11 11 11 11 11 Turbidity 13 140 19 22 28 Chlorlde 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.343 0 352 0 388 0.381 0.399 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus d.005 0.011 0.005 0.010 0.017 Total phosphorus 0.024 0.051 0.029 0.028 0.032
$111 con 3.66 3 96 4.13 4.07 4.07 1ron, Total 0.32 4 . 0 ') 0.67 0.86 0.83 Manganese 0.01 0.16 0.Cl 0.03 0.04 Calcium 0.43 0.40 0.63 0.42 0.47 Magnesium 1.06 1.12 1.08 1.08 1.09 Aluminum 5.0 9.0
-Cadmium 0.0017 0.0080 Chromium 0.0012 Copper 0.3800 0.5000
- Lead Mercury Nickel 0.0100 0.0300 Potasslum 1.88 1.62 Sodium 4.15 4.26 2inc 0.290 0. 320 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conduct, :. (t.mho s / c n2), and turbidity (Jackson i Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. c a ri l i .- It surt. !!1., m.
Revision i New Page 107 of 158
ER Tabie 2.5.3-2 (cont.) I
~~ ~
LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
. 3-28-74 station 8 8 8 8 ;
O' Time 8 15:40 15:40 15:40 15:40 15:40 20.0m l l Test Dep t h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m
' Temperature 'C. 13.5 Il.5 11.2 11.2 ' 11.2 Dissolved oxygen 10.4 9.7 9.7 96 9.2 Specific conductance 45 52 52 52 53 pH 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.0 ,
Surface 111umination 800
' 1% Surface Illumination -35 Alkalinity 11 11 11 11 10 Turbidity 15 20 23 42 45 '
Chloride 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.397 0 399 0.401 0.406 0.409 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.008 0.011 0.009 0.013 0.010 Total phosphorus 0.032 0.030 0.028 0.034 0.035
\
Silicon 4.25 4.17 4.15 4.14 4.13 , l lron, Total 0.63 0 71 0.78 1.32 1.40 i Manganese 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 . I CaIclum 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.44 0.42 i Magneslum I.07 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 I Aluminum 1.7 , Cadmfum 0.0003 ;. Chr,mlum 0.0013 ; Copper 0.0720 i Lead 0.0001 1 Mercury < 0 . 0002 ; Nickel 0.0300 L . i>otassium 1.66 l
)
Sodium 4.30 ! l Zinc 0 110 All values are as og/L except pit , specific conductance (umhos/cm2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. eandies. i,; Surf. iii., m. Revision 1 108 of 158 New Page i
-_____.__.m_ _ - _ _ . - _ _ _
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 3-28-74 Station 8 9 9 9 9 Time 15:40 15:55 15:55 15:55 15:55 25.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m Test Oe p t h (mc t e r s) :
' Temperature *C. 11.0 12.9 11.5 11.2 11.2 Dissolved oxygen 8.7 10.6 9.9 9.7 9.6 Spec 1fIc conductance 53 39 48 51 51 pH 73 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 Surface Illumination 950 1% Surface Illumination 32 Alkalinity 12 12 11 11 11 Turbidity 25 19 20 23 24 Chlorlde 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.402 0.405 0.399 0.387 0.417 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.007 0.013 0.016 0.006 0.033 Total phosphorus 0.028 0.026 0.028 0.027 0.026 S11 Icon 4.10 4.06 3.68 3 98 3.96 fron, Total 0.74 0.62 0.64 U.67 0.74 Manganese 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Calcium 0.55 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.48 Magneslum 1.10 1.08 1.08 1.10 1.10 Aluminum 1.3 Cadmium 0.0026 Chromium 0.0013 Copper 0.0250 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.0850 Potassium 1.80 Sodlum 4.20 Zinc 0.080 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific con,ductance (umhos/cn 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It surf. Ill., m.
Revision 1-
"" 9*
109 of 158
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA s
- 3-28-74 Station 9 10 10 11 11 Time 15:55 16:05 16:05 16:20 16:20
-Test Depth (meters): 17,9m 0 3m 5.0m 0.3m 5.0m i Temperature *C. 11.2 13.5 11.0 14.5 12.0 j Dissolved oxygen 91 10.6 8.9 10.6 9.3 Speelfic conductance 51 37 44 45 51 pH 71 71 7.3 6.9 6.8-Surface 111umination 950 950 l l
1% Surface 111umination 35 3.4 i j. Alkalinity 11 10 10 11 11 Turbidity 21 16 20 23 27 Chloride 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 l-NO3 + 1J02 nitrogen 0.395 0.399 0.390 0.410 0.462 Ammonia nltrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.010 0.011 0.006 0.011 0.029 ! Total phosphorus 0.026 0.032 0.027 0.026 0.034 . Silicon 4.07 4.19 4.09 4.19 4.35 ) Iron, Total 0 72 0.57 0.69 0.72 0.99 Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04- 0.05 l l Calclum 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.45 0.49 l t Magneslum 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.03 1.03 Aluminum 0.9 0.9 Cadmium 0.0010 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 0.0010 Copper 0.0281 0.0215 ; Lead l Mercury Nicke1 0.3200 0.0520 Potassium 1.68 1.62 ' Sodlum 4.15 4.05~
, l Zinc 0.070 0.070- j All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umbos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackt,on 2
Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill. , f t candles. It surf. 111 'm. Revision .1 i 110 of.158 New Page
i i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) ; LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEHISTRY DATA ; 3-28-74 ' Station 11 11 12 12 13 Time 16:20 16:20 16:35 16:35 16:45 Test De p t h (me t e r s) : 10.0m 14.0m 0.3m 5.0m 0.3m
, 1 Temperature 'C. 11.2 11.0 15.0 12.5 18.0 l Dissolved oxygen 9.0 8.6 10.6 8.8 11.4 Specific conductance 52 52 49 50 50 i
pH 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 , Surface 111umination 800 1700 1% Surface illumination 3.3 3.7 Alkalinity 11 10 11 11 11 Turbidity 26 27 23 21 17 Chloride 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 39 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.421 0.400 0.421 0.402 0.333 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.020 Soluble e phosphorus 0.010 0.005 0.031 0.010 0.007 Total phosphorus 0.030 0.026 0.028 0.028 0.031 Silicon 4.35 4.35 4.36 4.18 4.09 Iron, Total 0.97 0.63 0.47 0.78 0.65 Hanganese 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 Calcium 0.48 0.47 0.51 0.49 0.49 Hagnesium 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.01 Aluminum 1.0 2.0 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0010 Chromium 0.0023 0.0012 Copper 0 0117 0.0150 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.0150 0.0400 Potassium 1.58 1.60 Sodium 4.05 4.05 Zinc 0.085 0.115 Allvaluesareasmg/L)xceptpH,specificconductance (umhos/ cat 2) and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. Revision 1 jjj or j5g New Page L.
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) > LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 3-28-74 Statlon 13 13 13 13 13~ Time 16:45 16:45 16:45 16:45 16:45 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 5.0m 10.om 15.0m 20.0m 23.om ' Temperature 'C. 12.0 11.5 11.0 11.0 11.0-Dissolved oxygen 93 8.9 7.6 7.3 7.1 Specific conductance 52 50 51 52 52 pH 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.4 Surface illumination It Surface Illumination
- Alkalinity 10 10 11 11 11 r Turbidity 30 32 60 60 46 Chloride 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.439 0.477 0.497 0.530 .0.499 Ammonta nitrogen 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.014 ;
Soluble o phosphorus 0.009 0.016 0.014 0.031 0.035 Total phosphorus 0.035 0.039 0.040 0.040 0.056 Silicon 4.56 4.60 4.61 4.54 4.53 fron, Total 0.95 1.15 1.67 f.75 1.56 Manganese 0.10 0.17 0.N 0.18 0.17 Calcium 0.47 0.45 0.49 0.47 0.48 Magnesium 1.02 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.03 , i Aluminum , t Cadmium , Chromium . Copper l Lead , Mercury Nickel Potassium [ Sodium Zinc ; All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft, candles, it Surf. 111., m. Revision ] 112 of 158 New Page , i
., . - - . __ _ ._ ____. _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ __ ----- _ - _ -- - __ _ )
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
. 3-28-74 Station 14 14 15 15 15 Time 17:00 17:00 17:05 17:05 17:05 Test De p t h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 2.0m 0.3m 5.om 10.0m
' Temperature *C. 20.0 15.0 16.2 11.'7 11.7 Dissolved oxygen 10.4 8.8 11.2 9.5 9.2 Specific conductance 35 37 52 52 50 pH 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 Surface Illumination 1550 1350 1% Surface Illumination 30 Alkalinity 11 11 11 11 11 TurbIdlty 28 20 16 34 33 Chloride 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.379 0.380 0.431 0.299 0.319 Ammonia nitrogen 0.025 0.026 0.014 0.037 0.046 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.015 0.019 0.026 0.014 0.026 Total phosphorus 0.039 0.036 0.035 0.038 0.039 Silicon 4.30 4.30 4.20 4.27 4.31 fron, Total 0.85 0.70 0.58 1.11 1.04 Manganese 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 Calcium 0.56 0.54 0.59 0.48 0.49 Magnesium 1.03 1.02 1.03 0.97 0.97 Aluminum 1.0 2.0 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0010 Chromium 0.0018 0.0021 Copper 0.0119 0.0095 Lead 0.0002 Mercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.0100 0.0200 Potassium 1.52 3 .1,2 Sodium 4.I3 4.02 Zinc 0.105 0.110 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Larf. 111., m.
Revision 1. New Page 113 of 158 .
ER Tabi'e 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 3-28-74 Station 15 15 15 16 17 n%./ Time 17:05 15:05 17:05 12:30 10:00 Test Depth (meters): 15.0m 20.0m 22.0m 0.3m 0.3m
" Temperature 'C. 11.7 11.6 11.5 13.4 Dissolved oxygen 8.9 8.2 7.9 10.9 specific conductance 48 49 49 pH 6.7 6.6 6.6 7.2 Surface illumination 1% Surface Illumination Alkallnity 12 11 11 12 Turbidity 47 60 46 24 Chloride 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.2 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.369 0.317 0.307 0.408 .j Ammonta nitrogen 0.053 0.055 0.057 0.014 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.045 0.012 0.014 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.047 0.044 0.045 0.026
$11 Icon 4.31 4.20 4.23 3.98 fron, Total 1.54 1.49, 1.28 0.67 l Manganese 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.01 Calclum 0.52 0.53 0.51 0.64 l 1
Magneslum 0.99 0.99 0.97 1.04 Aluminum 1.3 Cadmium 0.0004 Chromium 0.0015-Copper 0.0069 Lead 0.0003 l Mercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.0950 Potasslum 1.78 Sodium. 4.28 Zinc 0.085 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/rm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson
. Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m.
Revision J New Page 114 of 158
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 3-28-74 Station 18 Time 14:00 Test Dep t h (me t e r s ) : 0.3m Temperature *C. 15.6 Dissolved oxygen 10.5 Specific conductance 92 pH 7.2 Surface Illumination 1% Surface Illumination Alkalinity 28 Turbidity 18 Chloride 4.2 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.139 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus O.260 Total phosphorus 0.262 Silicon 3.99 fron, Total 0.14 Manganese 0.07 Calcium 25.3 Magnesium 2.87 Aluminum 0.8 Cadmium 0.0073 Chromium 0.0110 Copper 0.0098 Lead 0.0005 Hercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.0300 Potassium 7.05 Sodium 7.10 Zinc 0.145 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. 111.. m. ! Revision.1 115 of 158 New Page
l 1 ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , LAKE NORMAN WATCR CHElllLTRY OATA 4-25-74 y Station i 1 1 1 l l Time 10:00 10:00 10:00 10:00 10:00 :
- l. Test Depthfmeters): 0.3m 5.0m 10.om 15.0m 20.0m j
~
Temperature 'C. 15.5 15.5 15.4 15.4 13.6 I Dissolved oxygen 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.4 8.9 Specific conductance 38 45 48 49 -50 pH 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.2
- Surface Illumination 6700 1% Surfece 11luminatlon 2.5 i Alkallnity 10 7 9 10 11 Turbidity 9 9 11 14 70 l Chloride 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 NO3+N02 nitrogen 0 333 0.333 0.320 0.336 0.402 '
Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.010 0.011 0.013 0.005 0.099 ' Total phosphorus 0.028 0.033 0.029 0.027 0.047 Silicon 3.96 4.00 3.99 4.10 4.26 Iron, Total 1.11 1.23 0.63 1.00 0.92 Manganese 0.00 0.01 0.01 0,01 o,18 Calcium 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.12 1.01 Magnesium 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.10 1.12 Aluminum 1.0 Cadmium 0.0003 l Chromium 0.0013 Copper 0.016 Lead .0.0003 4 5 Mercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.051 Pota ss lura 1.6 Sodium 39 Zinc. 0.160 All values are.as mg/L except pH. Specific conductance (ombas/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 1114 , ft. candles ' turf. 111., n. , Revision 1 ; 116 of 158 , New Page .
ER Tabie 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) J LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 4-25-74 l Station i 1 1 2 2 Time 10:00 10:00 10:00 10:50 10:50 Test De pt h (me t e r s) : 25.om 30.0m 34.0m 0.3m 5.0m
' Temperature *C. 12.6 12.1 12.0 15.5 15.4 Dissolved oxygen 8.4 8.3 7.4 9.4 9.4 Specific conductance 51 51 51 48 50 pH 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.3 Surface 111umination 7400 0
1% Surface Illumination 3.2 Alkalinity 10 9 10 10 19 Turbidity 36 17 27 9 10 Chloride 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0 372 0.373 0.355 0.351 0.347 Ammonta nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.045 0.238 0.014 0.041 0.040 Total phosphorus 0.038 0.030 0.028 0.029 0.042 Silicon 4.15 4.25 4.26 4.24 4.20 lron, Tota 1 1.38 1.(6 0.34 6.10 0.86 Hanganese 0.04 0.01 0.01 U.00 0.00 Calcium 1.11 1.16 1.18 1.11 1.16 Magnesium 1.15 1.10 1.12 1.11 1.09 Aluminun U.6 Cadmlum 0.0001 Chromium 0 0011 Copper 0.0050 Lead Mercury Nickel U.010 Potassium 1.6 Sodlum 4.0 Zinc 0.049 All values are as eg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/c 2) . and t urbidi t y (Jackson Turbidl+.y Units). m - me t e r s . Surf. III., ft. candles. It Nrf. Ill., m. Revision 1 117 of 158 New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
, 4-25-74 Station 2 2 2 2 2 Time 10:50 10:50 10:50 10:50 10:50 ;
Test De p t h (me t e r s) : 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 25.0m '40.0m
' Temperature *C. 15.2 15.2 13.5 12.7 12.5
{ Dissolved oxygen 9.4 9.4 8.8 8.3 7.8 , Specific conductance 50 51 52 52 52 I pH 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.3 , Surface illumination , 1% Surface filemination A!ka!!nity 10 10 10 10 10 Turbidity 10 14 19 17 14 Chloride 3.7 39 3.8 3.8 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.339 0.340 0.367 0.338 0.341 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.035 0.011 0.026 0.017 0.031 , Total phosphorus 0.027 0.029 0.028 0.026 0.032 Silicon 4.23 4.22 4.39 4.19 4.20 ' fron, Total 0.56 0.45 0.66 0.69 0.63 Hangar.ese 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.09 l Calcium 1.14 1.20 1.14 1.14 1.04 Hagneslum 1.10 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.11 Aluminum . Cadmium Chromium Copper
'.ead l Hercury Nickel f Potassium Sodium / Zinc i
All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2 ), and turbidity (Jackson
-Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111. m.
Revision J 118 of 158, New Page.
.w .
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) , LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 4-25-74 Station 3 3 3 4 4 Time 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:30 11:30 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.om 10.0m 0.3m 5 0m
' Temperature 'C. 16.0 15.6 15.3 16.0 15.5 olssolved oxygen 9.6 9.6 96 9.6 9.6 Spectfic conductance 42 47 49 36 42 PH 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 .
Surface illumination 7100 7100 It Surface !!!umination 4.0 2.5 Alkallnity 11 11 10 10 10 Turbidity 10 12 11 10 12 Chloride 39 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 HO 3 4 NO2 nitrogen 0 345 0 343 0.316 0 340 0.364 Anynonia ni t rogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.034 0.082 0.019 0.038 0.033 Total phosphorus 0.024 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.025 Silicon 4.27 4.20 4.15 4.16 4.16 fron, Total 0.91 1.01 1.11 1.16 0.30 Hanganese 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.00 Calcium 1.19 1.22 1.23 1.16 1.13 Magnesium 1.10 1.10 1.09 1.30 1.10 Aluminum 0.2 0.1 ' Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 0.0011 Copper 0.0020 0.0030 Lead Hercury Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 1.6 1.5 Sodium 4.0 4.0 Zinc 0.020 0.015 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. Revision 1 119 of 158 , New Page
ER Table 2 5.3-2 (cont.) , LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
. 4-25-74 Station 4 45 4.5 4.5 5 Time 11:30 11:35 11:35 11:35 11:50 Test De pth (me t e rs) : 9.0m 0.1m c: . n , 9.0m 0.tm s
o Temperature *C. 15.2 16.2 15.7 15.5 16.4 Olssolved oxygen 9.5 9.5 9.4 95 95 SpectfIc conductance 46 31 38 42 40 pH 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.6 - Surface Illumlnation 7100 740o 1% Surface Illumination 3.0 2.8 Alkalinity 10 10 10 10 10 Turbidity 29 7 7 9 17 Chlorlde 3.9 39 4.0 39 39 - NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0 312 0.354 0.347 0.337 0 346 Anunonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.012 0.295 0.040 0.033 0.046 p Total phosphorus 0.040 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.028 Silicon 4.14 4.17 4.16 4.18 4.17 Iron, Total 0.26 0.48 0.58 0 36 0.35 Manganese 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Calcium 1.18 1.22 1.23 1.17 1.21 Magneslum 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.10 Aluminum 0.1 o,1 Cadmlum 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 0 0010 Copper 0.0700 0.4250 Lead 0.0002 Mercury <0.0002 l l Nicke1 a012 0.010 l Potasslum- l 1.6 1.6 j Sodium 4.0 4.0 Zinc 0.018 o,074 l All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 120 of 158 New Page l l
- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J
p ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMISTRY CATA 4-25-74 Station 5 5 6 6 6 Time 11:50 11:50 12:05 12:05 12:05 Test Oepth(meters): 5.0m 7.0m 0 3m 5.0m 710m
" Temperature *C. 16.0 15.9 16.0 15.2 15.0 Olssolved oxygen 9.3 9.3 9.6 8.8 8.7 Specific conductance 46 47 39 45 47 pH 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.2 .
Surface Illumination 7400 1% Surface 111umination 4.5 Alkalinity 10 10 10 10 10 Turbidity 14 11 10 9 16 Chloride 3.9 4.0 39 3.8 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.315 0.322 0.332 0 323 0.340 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 ' 0.014 O.015 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.015 0.013 n.021 0.025 0.026 Total phosphorus 0.030 0.042 0.025 0.028 0.026 Sillcon 4.12 4.08 4.15 4.05 4.08 Iron, Total 0 93 1.02 0.16 0.78 0 32 Manganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Calcium 1.22 1.29 1.20 1.22 1.17 Magneslum 1.14 1.10 1.10 1.03 1.12 Aluminum 0.1 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0010 Copper 0.0005 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.6 Sodium 4.1 Zinc 0.015 All values are as mg/L except pH. specific conductance (uchos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackscn Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. I 'g su r f . Ill., m. Revision 1 121 of 15,8 New Page
ER Table 2 5.3-2 (cont.) I.AKE NORMAN WATER EHEMISTRY DATA 4-25-74 Station 7 7 7 8 8 Time 12:50 12:50 12:50 13:05 13:05 i Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 0 3m 5.0m 7.0m 0. h 5.0m
~
' Temperature *C. 15 5 14.6 14.4 15 9 15.2 Dissolved oxygen 9.6 92 89 9.4 9.2 speelfic conductance 36 44 45 48 49 pH 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.3 ,
Surface illumination 8800 8500 4 1% surface Illumination 4.0 4.2 Alkalinity 10 to 10 10 10 Turbidity 16 29 52 8 10 ,. Chloride 3.6 3.8 37 3.8 3.7 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.318 0.370 0.386 0.313 0 359 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0,014 _ 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.014 0.018 0.033 0.016 0.022 Total. phosphorus 0.027 0.030 0.036 0.031 'O.027 Silicon 4.07 4.10 4.09 4.05 4.36 , Iron, Total 0.27 0.32 0.37 1.59 0 92 Hanganese 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 Calcium 1.15 1.23 1.08 1.14 1.12 . 1.11 1.11 ! Magnesium 1.17 1.09 1.09 Aluminum 0.8 1.0 . Cadmium 0.0001 0.0030 Chromium 0.0012 0.0012 Copper 0.0500 0.0030 Lead 0.0002 I Hercury <0.0002 4 Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 1.7 1.6 Sodium 3.9 39 Zinc O.038 0.015 All values are as mg/L except pH, speci f ic cont'uc tance (umbos /c m2), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. c in.Iles. It Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1+ 122 of 158 New Page i
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 4-25-74 - 8 8 8 8 9 Station 13:05 13:05 13:05 13:25 Time 13:05 Test De p t h (me t e rs) : 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 24.0m 0.3m ~ Temperature *C. 15.0 13.5 13.0 12.6 16.2 Olssolved oxygen 93 8.6 8.1 7.6 96 l Specific conductance 50 51 50 50 36 pH 6.3 6.0 6.0 59 6.4 . Surface Illumination 8800 1% Surface illumination 4.0 Alkalinity 10 10 10 10 11 Turbidity 14 16 27 27 8 Chloride 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.408 0.357 0.359 0 375 0.327 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Solubic o phosphorus 0.027 0.023 0.017 0.026 0.016 Total phosphorus 0.025 0.029 0.031 0.031 0.031 Sillcon 4.22 4.26 4.36 4.04 4.13 Iron, Total 0.52 0.62 0.30 0.41 0.44 Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.00 Calcium 1.17 1.09 1.06 1.15 1.19 Magnesium 1.08 1.10 1.13 1.10 1.10 Aluminum 0.8 Cadmlum 0.0001 0.0011 Chromium Copper 0.0040 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.7 Sodium 4.0 Zinc 0.015 All values are as eg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2) . and turbidi ty (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. 111., m. Revision 1 123 of 158 , New Page
. i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA l 4-25-74 i Station 9 9 ja 9 9 Time 13:25 13:25 13:25 13:25 '
13:35 Test Depth (meters): 5.0m 10.om 15.0m 19_0m o_1m l
' Temperature 'C. 15.6 15 1 13.6 13.0 16.1 Dissolved oxygen 93 9.2 8.2 7.6 9.2 i speelfte conductance 43 47 49 49 39 i
pH 6.4 6.3 59 59 6.5 . SurIace i1luminatIon 8800 ' it Surface litumination 4.0 j .i Alkalinity 10 10 10 10 10 i Turbidity 8 11 17 24 12 Chloride 39 37 37 39 39
. {
NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.319 0.338 0 377 0 353 0.418 - Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0,014 ... 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.020 0.035 Total phosphorus 0.033 0.025 0.028 0.02C ( I f
$llicon 4.03 4.06 4.20 4.24 4.07 Iron, Total 0.43 0 53 0.39 0 55 0.22 '
Hanganese 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.01 Calcium ' l.23 1.26 1.20 1.22 1.29 Magnesium 1.12 1.10 1.11 1.11 1.ll l Aluminum 1.6 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0013
- Copper
'O.0160-Lead i
Mercury
.,i
.kel 0.025- i
':.assium 1.8 I
- i Sodium 4.0 '
I i All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 0.042 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson i ]j Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft, candles. It surf. 111.. m. j Revision 1 ! 124 of 158 New Page {
ER Table 2,5.3-2 (Cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
- 4-25-74 Station 10 10 10 11 11 13
- 35 13:35 13:35 14:00 14:00 Time Test Depth (ecters): 5.0m 10.0m 12.0m 0.3m 5.0m
' Temperature 'C. 15.4 15.0 13.5 17.1 15.5 Dissolved oxygen 89 8.5 7.4 8.7 8.6 Specific conductance 46 49 49 35 41 pH 6.4 6.1 59 6.5 6.2 Surface illumination 8800 1% Surface fIluminatIon 30 Alkalinity 10 10 11 10 10 Turbidity 13 35 37 12 22 Chloride 3.8 3.9 3.8 37 3.6 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0 327 0.352 0.402 0.284 0.357 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.019 , 0.015 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.019 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.025 Total phosphorus 0.026 0.034 0.034 0.029 0.031 Silicon 4.04 4.19 4.21 4.00 4.29 fron, Total 0.28 0.27 0.30 e 'O 2.62 Manganese 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.02 0.04 Calcium 1.25 1.26 1.05 1.05 1.16 Magnesium 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.03 1.06 Aluminum 1.6 Cadmium 0.0001 Ch omium 0.0016 Copper 0.0140 lead 1 Mercury Nickel 0.DIO Potassium 1.6 Sodlum 3.8 Zinc 0.040 All values are as mg/l except pH, specific conductance (vehoe /c 2) , and t u rt i di t y (Jacksen Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m.
Revision 1 125 of 158 , New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) 7 LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA ' 4-25-74 , O Station 11 11 12 12 13
- k Time 14:00 14:00 14:15 14:15 14:30 Test Depth (meters): 10.m 15.0m 0.3m 5.0m 0.3m
' Temperature 'C. 14.5 13 0 16.6 14.9 19 0 Olssolved oxygen 79 7.1 8.6 77 8.8 !
Specific conductance 45 47 39 45 32 pH 6.0 6.1 5.9 59 6.2 , Surface Illumination 8800 8850 It Surface 111umination 3.0 2.5 Alkalinity 10 10 10 10 11 Turbidity 27 25 14 19 19 I Chloride 3.6 3.7 3.7 39 3.6
~
HO3+NO2 nitrogen 0 374 0 385 0.308 0.291 0.284 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0,.014 ,,, 0.014 0.029 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.029 0.018 0.022 0.025 0.024 Total phosphorus 0.035 0.031 0.031 0.038 0.035 b) ( Sillcon 4.33 4.31 4.12 4.06 4.16 , iron, Total 0.28 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.82 Manganese 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.02 Calcium 1.08 1.11 1.23 1.22 1.14 ' Magnesium 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.05 1.04 Aluminum 1.0 1.2 , Cadmlum 0.0001 D.J001-Chromium 0.0013 0.0018 Copper MCD 0.0010 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 1.7 1.6 i
]
'Sodlum 3.9 3.8 1
(s Zinc 0.025 0.016 l All values are as mg/L except pH. specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. Revision .1 , 126 of 158 , New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , LAKE NORMAN VATER CHEMi$TRY DATA 4-25-74 station 13 13 13 13 .13 Time 14 30 14:30 14:30 14:30 14:30 Test oc pt h (me t e r s) : g ny_ 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 23.0m . " Temperature *C. 16.2 15.1 13.2 13.1 13.0 01ssolved oxygen 8.3 76 6.8 6.5 6.2 Specific conductance 37 43 45 47 48 pH 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.8 , Surface 111umination 1% Surface I l l umi na t f or. Alkallnity 9 9 9 10 10 Turbidity 18 29 29 34 34 Chloride 3.7 3.6 3.6 37 37 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.280 0.334 0 330 0.347 0.347 Anrnonia ni t rogen 0.032 0.037 0.033 0.033 0.030 Soluble o phosphorus 0.029 0.024 0.018 0.022 0.019 Total phosphorus 0.032 0.038 0.038 0.038 0.039 Sillcon '.12 4.38 4.30 4.42 4.42 fron, Total 0.45 0.31 0.31 0.45 0.42 Manganese 0.02 0.07 0.09 0.I' O.15 Calcium 1.14 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.06 Magnesium 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.03 1.06 Aluminum Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Potassium Sodlum Zinc All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/ct.), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. Revision 't 127 of 158 New Page
~ _ _.- _ _.._. _ -. _ . _ _ ._. _ __ _ ._..-. _ _ ._ ...._ ..__ _ _ . . _ _ _ ._ _ .___ .____ _ ._
y . I j ER Tabic 2.5.3-2 (Cont.) , ( LAKC NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
?
4-25-74 station 14 14 15 15 15 f Time lh45 14:45 15;00 15:00 15:00 l Test Depth (meters): -4.0m 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m j j 0.3m 16.6 17 8 16.7 14,5 .f
' Temperature 'C. 21.5 i 01ssolved oxygen 8.8 8.1 9.1 8.7~ 7.3 l
.i 35 41 44 ?
specific conductance 36 33 : 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.2 5.9 ; pH - Surface illumination 8500 8500 ; i 2.0 2.2 ! 1% surface illumination 10 10 10 10- ; Alkallnlty 10 i a 21 17 30 30 f Turbidity 33 1 Chloride 3.7 37 3.6 35 33 ; 0.284 .0.281 ; i 0.289 0.280 0 304 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen i l 0.037 0.022 0.055 0.061 { 0.068 4' Ammonia nitrogen , 0.027 0.025 0,046 0.024 0.025 l Soluble o-phosphorus . 0.042 0.038 0.038 0.040 0.040 : Total phosphorus 4'.03 4.08 ! 4.13 3 93 3.80 I - Silicon l 1.52 0.28 -0.34 0.41. ] fron, Total 1.73 ,i 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 : j Manganese I 1.19 1.00 0.70 0.68 l Calcium 0 96
.i
. Magneslum 1.02 1.01 0 98 1.01 0 99 Aluminum 2.0 2.6 l Cadmlum 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0022 0.0027 Copper 0.0160 0.0900 Lead 0.0014 a ' Hercury <0.0002 0.010 0.027 I Hickel I I.6 1.5 Potassium Sodlum 3.8 37 Zinc 0.043 0.010 All values are as ng/L except pH, specific conductance fu ihos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 i Turbidity Units). m a meters. Surf, 111., ft. candles. It sur f. Ill. , m. Revision 1 l?8,oi If' . New Page l
4
! i i
i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , i 4 LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA . 4-25-74 Station 15 15 16 17 18 t line 15:00 15:00 11:00 11:00 14:00 Test Dep t h (me t e r s ) : 15.0m 20.On 0.3m 0.3m 0.3m Temperature 'C. 14.2 13.5 12.3 17,0 Dissolved oxygen 7.1 6.2 8.9 8.8 j specific conductance 45 46 l pH 5.8 5.8 6.8 6.2 Surface illumination 1% Surface illumination . Alkalinity 11 10 10 13 Turbidity 54 54 12 82 Chloride 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.8 NO3+N02 nitrogen 0.327 0.322 0.355 0.127 l Anrionia ni t rogen 0.071 0.071 5. IL 0.036 i Soluble o phosphorus 0.038 0.029 0.019 0.280 Total phos.phorus 0.047 0.050 0.025 0.300 , Silicon 4.12 4.19 ., 5.03 l tron, Total 0.64 0.E7 C. 1.10 j Manganese 0.21 0.18 D. 0.20 Calcium 0.72 0.67 . 27 10 70 ;
'~
Magnesium 0.95 1.c6 :.06 s Aluminum 1.1 30 Cadmium 0.0003 0.0006 Chromium 0.0010 0.0045 i i Copper 0100 Lead 0.0011 0.0015 Mercury ' M2 0.0002 Hlckel 0.010 0.010 t Potassium 1.; 28.6 Sodium 4.1 6.2 j Zinc 0.037 0.010 , All values are as rng/L except pH, specific conduc:' te (* /u '; . *d '.v: idi' (Jacksco l Turbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. Ta f. ill,, Revision 1 l 129 of 158 , New Page l ..- - . ._____
ER Table'2.5.3-2 (cont ) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 5-28-74 Station j j y y y Time 09:30 09:30 09:30 09:30 09:30 Test De pt h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15 0m- 20.0m
' Temperature 'C. 22 3 21.7 18.0 14.0 13.8 Dissolved oxygen 8.2 8.8 7.6 59 59 Specific conductance 41 46 48 50 50
~
pH 7.5 73 6.4 6.3 6.2' . Surface 111umination 4800 I 1% Surface 111umination 5.0 Alkalinity 12 11 11 11 11 Turbidity 8 7 7- 11 14 Chloride 3.8 3.6 37 3.8 3,9 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.200 0.203 0.294 0 359 0 369 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.018 0.014 0.014 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.006 0.006 q Total phosphorus 0.027 0.025 0.027 0.021 0.019 Silicon 3.47 3.52 3 74 3 96 4.01 1 fron, Total 0.19 0.21 0.25 0 36 0.37 Manganese 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Calcium 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.16 Magnesium 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.08 1.08 Aluminum 0.8 , Cadmlum 0.001 Chromium 0.0074 Copper 0.0012 Lead 0.0001 Hercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.020 Potassium 1.6 Sodlum 3,7 Zinc 0.090 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (ur60shn2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It
- arf. Ill., m.
Revision 1. 130 of 158 , New Page
- w. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
~
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 5-28-74 Station 1 1 1 2 2 Time 09:30 09:30 09:30 09:30 09:30 Test De p th (me te r s ) : 25.0m 30.0m , 32.0m 0.3m s.om
' Temperature 'C. 13.5 13.2 13.4 22.3 21.5 Olssolved oxygen 5.5 5.0 4.5 8.2 8.7 Specific conductance 51 51 51 37 44 pH 6.6 65 6.5 7.4 7.2 Surface Illumination 5600 1% Surface Illumination 5.5 _
Alkallnity 11 11 11 11 11 Turbidity 26 56 58 6 6 Chloride 39 3.9 4.0 3.8 39 003 + NO2 nitrogen 0.371 0.433 0.422 0.202 0.277 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.011 0.008 0.011 0.009 Total phosphorus 0.023 0.032 0.032 0.019 0.019 Sillcon 4.01 4.20 4.24 3.54 3.63 Iron, Total 0.66 1.26 1.23 0.09 0.12 Manganese 0.04 0.18 0.22 0.00 0.01 Calcium 1.14 1.04 1.01 1.20 1.20 Magnesium 1.08 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.06 Alurninum 0.2 Cadmlum 0.0001 Chromium 0.0050 Copper 0.0005 Lead Mercury Hickel 0.030 Potasslum 1.5 Sodium 39 Zinc o,o7o 2 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cn ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. III., m. Revision'l 131 of 158 New Page L__ .
ER Table 2. 5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMI5TRY DATA
,-~ 5-28-74 Station ~)
2 2 2 2 3 Time 10;05 10:05 10:05 10:05 10:25 Test De p t h (me t e r s ) : 10.0m 15.0m 20.0, 3 r, _ nm 0 3m
' Temperature *C. 17.9 14.4 13.8 13.5 22.5 Olssolved oxygen 7.7 5.6 5.6 5.3 8.1 Specific conductance 48 49 50 50 49 pH 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.2 7' Surface illumination 6100 1% Surface illumination 5.0 Alkallnity 11 11 11 11 11 Turbidity 12 16 19 15 9 Chloride 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.9 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.375 0.375 0.379 0.389 0.383 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.015 Soluble o phosphorus 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.005 ,r x Total phosphorus 0.020 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.019 i' )
511 icon 3.95 4.04 4.02 3 56 3.66 fron, Total 0.27 0.34 0.61 0.44 0.26 Manganese 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 Calcium 1.14 1.16 1.10 1.15 1.19 Magnesium 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.09 1.04 Aluminum 4 0.1 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0058 Copper 0.0005 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.080 Potassium 1.5 Sodium 3.9 y ( ) Zinc o.olo All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm2), and turbidity (J ac.kson Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. Ill., ft, candles, it Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 132 of 158 New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 5-28-74 Station 3 3 4 4 4 Time 10:25 10:25 10:35 10:35 10:35 Test Depth (meters): 5.0m 10.0m 0.3m 5.0m 8.0m
}
, ,' - ' Temperature *C. 22.0 18.1 22.7 22.3 21.0 Dissolved oxygen 8.4 6.6 8.1 8.2 7.6 Specific conductance 49 50 34 40 43 pH 7.2 6.5 7.1 6.9 6.5 Surface Illumination 6100 1% Surface illumination 4.5 Alkallnity 11 11 12 12 12 Turbidity 7 8 11 12 12 Chloride 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 NO3 + fiop nitrogen 0.215 0.285 0.203 0.217 0.221 Ammonta nitrogen 0.021 0.016 0.014 0.017 0.015 Soluble e phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.013 0.005
. Total. phosphorus 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 Silicon 3.49 3.47 3.51 3 52 3.46 Iron, Total 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.21 0.27 Manganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Calcium 1.18 1.18 1.16 1.11 1.18 Magnesium 1.06 1.06 1.05 1.00 1.05 Aluminum 0.1 Cadmium 0.0002 Chromium 0.0068 Copper 0.0005 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.020 Potassium 1.5 Sodium 4.0 Zinc 0.010 All values are as rng/L except pH, specific conductance (uihos /c :2), and
- u' b;d i t y (Jac kson Turbidity un!ts). m = rr.e t e r s . Surf. Ill., fr. candles, it surf. 111., m.
Revision 1 133 of 158 New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAtt WATER CHEMISTRY DATA ,
. 5-28-74 [
b Station 4.5 4.5 4.5 5 5 Time 10:50 10:50 10:50 11:00 11:00 ! Test Depth (meters): 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 0.3m 5.om
' Temperature 'C. 22.5 22.1 18.3 22 5 21.6 l Dissolved oxygen 8.3 8.4 6.5 8.4 8.7 Specific conductance 38 44 48 49 49 PH 7.1 7.1 6.1 7.2 7.1 - !
Surface illumination 6l00 7200 i 1% Surface illumination 4.5 6.3 Alkalinity 12 12 13 13 12 Turbidity 11 7 7 5 8 Chlorlde 39 39 4.1 4.0 3.9 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.208 0.221 0.215 0.275 0.214 ; Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.020 0.017 0.022 , Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.017 0.018 b d Sillcon 3.47 3.61 3.51 3.63 3 92 I Iron, Total 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.10 0.16
-Manganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Calcium I.20 1.17 1.14 1.13 1.16 Magnesium 1.04 1.00 1.06 1.04 1.05 :
Aluminum 0.1 0.1 . . Cadmlum 0.0002 0.0002 l Chromium 0.0058 0.0046 Copper 0.0080 0.0009 Lead 0.0001 Mercury <0.0002 ! Nieke1 0.020 o,ojo , e Potassium 1.6 1.6 Sodlum 3.9 4.1 , Zinc 0.050 0.060
\
N- All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). ma meters. Surf. Ill., ft, candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. Revision 1 - 134 of 158, New Page 1
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 5-28-74 Station 5 5 5 6 6 Time 11:00 11:00 11:00 11:20 11:20 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 0.3m 5.0m
" Temperature 'C. 17.9 14.7 14.1 22.5 21 5
. Dissolved oxygen 7.4 5.3 4.8 8.4 8.6 Specific conductance 50 51 51 23 29 pH 6.2 5.9 59 7.4 7.1 Surface illumination 6800 l 1% Surface 111umination L8 t
I Alkallnity 12 10 11 12 13 Turbidity 11 22 21 8 15 Chloride 3.9 6.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.342 0.387 0.388 C.239 0.280 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.024 Soluble o phosphorus 0.010 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.010 Total phosphorus 0.?lS 0.021 0.022 0.020 0.021 Sillcon 3 96 4.00 3.4S 3.63 3 55 fron, Total 0.32 0.63 0.5f 0.15 0.36 Hanganese 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 Calcium 1.18 1.19 1.15 1.1h 1.14 ! l Magnesium 1.06 1.10 1.09 1.05 1.04 Aluminum 0.1 i Cadmium 0.001 j Chromium 0.006B Copper 0.0008 Lead ' i Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.6 Sodium 39 Zinc ,;5g All values are as mg/L except pH, speci fic conduc t ece fummo;/: 2), e d turbidi ty (.!a c k s on Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candlee 17 Surf. Ill., m. Revision I . 135 of 158 , tiew Page l
ER Tcble 2.5 3-2 (cont.) , I l LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA t A 5-28-74 4 (,/ Station 6 7 7 7 g , Time 11:20 12:25 12:25 12:25 12:40 l Test De pt h (me t e r s ) : 9.0m 0.03m 5. h 6.0m 0.3m
~ i Temperature 'C. 18.9 22.4 21.5 21.4 22.8 Olssolved oxygen 6.7 8.2 7.8 79 -8.7 Specific conductance 35 42 46 46 38 pH 63 7.2 6.8 6.8 73 .
Surface 1IluminatIon 8200 7300 1% Surface 111umination 3.8 4.8 I Alkallnity 13 12 12 12 14 Turbicity 16 11 14 8 15 l Chloride 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.256 0.193 0.210 0.206 0.198 Ammonia nitrogen 0.023 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.021 0.019 0.020 0.019 0.020 Sillcon 3 58 3.58 3 55 3.62 3 55 Iron, Total 0 33 0.23 0 32 0 33 0.12 i Hanganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Calcium 1.12 1.15 1.17 1.15 1.14 i Magnesium 0 99 0 96 1.05 1.06- 1.02 Aluminum 0.1 0.1 ' Cadmium 0.0006 0.0001 Chromium 0.0076 0.0062 Copper 0.0005 0.0005 Lead 0.0002 Hercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.050 0.040 Potassium '
. 1.5 1.5 i
Sodlum 3.8 3.8
/3 l Zinc 0.070 0.050 i All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m.
- Revi sion 1-New Page 136 of 158 .
N .
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY 0ATA 5-28-74 Station 8 8 8 8 8 12:40 12:40 12:40 12:40 12:40 Time 10.0m 20.0m i Test Oe p t h (me t e r s ) : 5.0m 15.0m 25.0m
' Temperature 'C. 20.6 16.6 14.7 13.5 13.2 f Dissolved oxygen 8.9 5.9 5.4 4.8 4.6 Specific conductance 44 47 48 50 50 pH 7.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 ,
Surface 111umination 1% Surface 111umination Alkallnity 12 11 11 12 11 l Turbidity 6 8 11 26 31 I Chlor (de 3.7 3.8 39 3.9 3.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogers 0.209 0.316 0.366 0.404 0.409 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.007 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.022 0.024 I Silicon 3.79 3.89 4.13 4.13 3 90 tron, Total 0.10 0.16 0.26 0.62 0.74 i Manganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.07 Calclum 1.13 1.10 1.09 1.10 1.10 Magneslum 1.02 1.03 1.07 1.08 1.12 Aluminum i Cadml un, Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel I Potassium Sodium j Zine All values are as eg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It surf. 111., m. Revision 1 137 of 158 , New Page L
l l r ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA I O Station 9 5-28-74 9 9 i 9 9 Time 13:00 13:00 13:00 13:00 13:00 Test Dep t h (me t e rs) : 0.3m 5.0m lo.om 15.0m 18.0m i a Temperature *C. 23.0 21.4 16.6 14.5 13.8 Dissolved oxygen 8.5 8.5 5.4 4.5 4.4 l Specific conductance 40 45 48 49 50 1 pH 73 7.3 6.I 6.I 6.0 4 Surface Illumination 9200 1% Surface Illumination 4.5 Alkalinity 12 11 12 12 12 Turbidity 4 9 10 12 19 Chloride 39 3.8 3.8 39 3.9 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.197 0.188 0.263 0.263 0.31'. Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.021 0.014 0.014 3 Soluble o phosphorus 0.030 0.030 0.014 0.007 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.024 v Silicon 3.48 3 78 3 77 3.94 4.12 fron, Total 0.16 0.21 0 30 0 38 0.54 Manganese 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.08 Calcium 1.12 1.07 1.10 1.12 1.14 Magnesium 1.04 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 Aluminum 0.1 , Cadmium 0.0002 i Chromium 0.0052 i Copper 0.0005 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.040 . Potasslum 1.6 i Sodium 3.8 Zinc 0.050
\'
All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson l Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. 111.., m. Revision 1 138 of 158 , New Page -
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 5-28-74 Station 10 10 10 11 31 Time 13:20 13:20 13:20 13:45 13:45 Test De p t h (me t e r s) : 0 3m 5.0m 10.0m 0.3m 5.0m ' Temperature 'C. 22.1 20.5 18.3 22.7 21.0 Dissolved oxygen 8.4 8.0 5.6 8.8 8.3 Specific conductance 49 49 49 46 46 pH 7.0 6.7 59 6.8 6.5 Surface illumination 6400 7100 I% Surface Illumination 5.0 3.5 Alkallnity 12 12 12 12 12 Turbidity 3 9 11 9 12 Chloride 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 NO3 + N02 nitrogen 0.328 0.210 0.273 0.195 0.186 C Ammonia nitrogen 0.01% 0.014 0.0th 0.014 0.014 ) Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.021 Silicon 3.58 3.74 3.79 3.77 4.00 tron, Total 0.12 0.12 0.25 0.20 0.24 Manganese 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Calcium 1.19 1.20 1.16 1.12 1.13 Magnesium 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.04 1.02 Aluminum 0.1 0.1 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0090 0.0060 Copper 0.0005 0.0005 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.060 0.070 Potassium 1.6 1.5 Sodium 38 3.6 Zinc 0.070 0.070 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2
), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units), m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m.
Revision 4 139 of 158 , New Page
ER Tabib 2.5.3-2 (cont.) ' LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEfilSTRY OATA > 5-28-74 Station 11 11 11 12 ( Time 13:45 13:45 13:45 16:00 12 16:00 Test De p t h (me t e rs ) : 10.0m 15.0m ) 20.0m 0.3m 5.om j
. Temperature 'C. 17.0 14.2 13.6 22.7 21.5 Olssolved oxygen 4.6 5.4 5.0 8.9 8.7 t Specific conductance 43 50 l
50 46 47 j pH 5.8 59 5.8 73 6.7 ! Surface Illumination 9000
)
1% Surface illumination 5.0 I Alkalinity 12 11 12 12 I 12 Turbidity 11 17 21 12 12 Chloride 33 3.9 39 3.6 3.6 ! ' NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.248 0.344 0.350 0.152 0.162 Ammonia nitrogen 0.017 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 , Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.008 ! Total phosphorus 0.020 0.02 0 0.021 0.022 0.022 , Silicon 4.05 4.10 3.63 3.65 3 96 fron, Total 0 34 0 51 0.56 0.24 0.23 Manganese 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.07 i Calcium 1.04 1.12 1.08 1.07 1.07 Magnesium 1.01 1.08 1.09 1.00 1.03 Aluminum 0.1 Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0088 Qopper 0.0008 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.0B0 Potassium 15 Sodlum 35 s Zinc i 0.170 All values are as mg/L except pH specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. Revision 1 140 of 15& "" *9* 3
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA i 5-28-74 Station 13 13 13 13 14 Time 14:20 14:20 14:20 14:20 14:30 Test Oep th (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 0 3m l
' Temperature 'C. 23.8 21.0 17.5 14.7 24.4 Olssolved oxygen 6.8 7.2 4.7 4.4 4.8 Specific conductance 48 45 45 48 53 I
pH 6.0 6.2 5.8 5.8 5.8 . Surface illumination 8800 230'O l 1% Surface 111umination 3.0 2.8 Alkalinity 12 12 12 12 12 Turbidity 20 12 20 21 30 Chloride 3.6 3.4 33 3.7 3.7 i NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.257 0.181 0.269 0.332 0 334 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.016 0 025... 0.014 0.014 j Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.007 0.028 0.005 0.008 I Total phosphorus 0.025 0.023 0.020 0.022 0.026 Silicon 3.87 3 93 4.08 4.09 3.81 fron, Total 0.45 0.30 0 34 0.59 0.69 Manganese 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.12 e Calclum 1.14 1.14 1.10 1.12 1.28 s' tagnesium 1.10 1.03 1.04 1.08 1.11 Aluminum 0.1 0.6 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0076 0.0068 Copper 0.0005 0.0005 ^ Lead 0.0008 Mercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 15 1.5 Sodium 3.4 3.4 Zinc 0.070 0.050 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umbos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackscn 2 Turbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 141 of 158 New Page
1 ER Table 2.5 3-2 (cont.) .
]
LAks NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA > . 5-28-74 i
\ Station 14 15 15 15 15 Time 14:30 14:45 14:45 14:45 14:45 l Test Oepth(meters): 5.om 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m i
, I Temperature 'C. 21.6 23.0 20 5 17 9 15 3 )
.01ssolved oxygen 7.2 90 7.7 5.1 39 Specific conductance 46 45 45 45 47 pH 6.3 7.6 6.6 6.1 6.3 ,
Surface illumination- 8000 1% Surface illumination 4.0 Alkalinity 12 12 12 12 12 Turbidity 15 10 11 20 31 Chloride 35 35 3.5 3.4 3.6 NO3.+ NO2 nitrogen O.159 0.130 0.146 0.228 0 336 Ammonia nitrogen 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.038 0.014 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.007 0.028 0.008 0.132 0.013 k O Total phosphorus 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.024 0.026 5111 con 3 74 3.79 4.02 4.08 3.84
)
Iron, Total 0 34 0.22 0.24 0 37 0 78 i
?
Manganese 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.12 i Calclum 1.04 1.00 1.00 0 95 1.06 Magnesium 0.99 0 98 1.00 1.01 1.09 Aluminum 0.1 . i Cadmium 0.0001 i Chromium 0.0079 Copper 0.0005 '
.ead Mercury Nickel 0.01 0 '
l'o tas s i um 1.4 ' t Sodlum' 3.4 t, Zinc ~ 0.050 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candics. It Surf. Ill., m. I Revision 1. 142 of 158 New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) i LAKE NORMAtl WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 5-28-74 ' ' Statlon 16 17 jg Time 12:00 10:00 10:00 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 0.3m 0.3m a Temperature *C. 21.0 20.0 Dissolved oxygen } 8.7 8.8 specific conductance 54 # 290 pH 6.7 7.1 l-surface Illuminatlon i 1% Surface illumination l Alkalinity l 13 14 ' Turbidity 11 f 7 Chloride 4.1 4.8 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.232 0.113 . Anynonia nitrogen 0.014 0.032 ' Soluble o phosphorus 0.016 0.017 Total phosphorus
}
0.020 0.042 Sillcon 4.15 3.09 fron, Total 0.37 0.16 Hanganese 0.03 0.16 Calcium 1.20 21.50 Magnesium 1.14 3.00 Aluminum 0.1 0.2 Cadmium 0.0003 00.0015 4 Chromium 0.0060 0.0070 Copper 0.0500 0.0140 Lead 0.0005 0.0005 Hercury <0.0002
<0.0002 Nic kel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 1.6 11.0 Sodium 3.8 6.5
- Zinc 0.100 0.130 l All values are as og/L stxcept pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units), m - reters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m.
g Revision 1. 143 of 15 8 , New Page l , l l
ER Table'2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN k'ATER CHEMISTRY OATA q 6-13-74 V Station 1 I 1 1 1 Time 9:20 9:20 9:20 9:20 9:20 Test Dept h (me t e r s') : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m
'Temperaturc 'C. 24.9 23.8 19 1 !
15 9 14.4 Olssolved oxygen 8.4 8.8 57 4.5 4.6 specific conductance 48 49 49 51 51 pH 8.0 8.0 6.4 6.2 6.I' ~! Surface illumination 6100 l l i It Surface Illumination 5.0 t Alkalinity 10 10 10 11 11 , I Turbidity 5 4 6 6 11 ; Chloride 3.9 39 4.0 l 4.0 4.1 , l NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.200 0.239 0.411 0.412 0.451 Ammonia nitrogen 0.151 0.153 0.238 , 0.037 0.068 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.007 Total phosphorus 0.021 0.020 0.017 0.018 0.019 Silicon 4.34 4.28 4.81 4.85 5.07 i Iron, Total 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.09 j Manganese 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02
- Calcium 1466 1.70 1 74 1.73 1 72 i
Magnesium 1.14 1.14 1.14 1,18 1,19 , Aluminum 1.0 i Cadmium 0.0003 i Chromium 0.0052 Copper 0.0005 i t Lead 0.0008 Mercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.010 i Potassium 1.6 , { 1 Sodium 3.7 f% Zinc 0.090 l All values are as rng/L except pH. specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 ' lurbidity Units). m = metert. surf. Ill., ft. candles. 14 Surf. Ill., m. , Eevision 1 144 of 158 . New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 6-13-74 Station 1 1 1 Time 2 2 9:20 9:20 9:20 Test De pt h (me t e rs): 10:05 10:05 25.0m 30.0m ,
, 14.0m 0.1m E.0m Temperature 'C.
13.8 13.2 13.0 24.3 23.8 I Dissolved oxygen 4.8 l 39 2.1 8.5 ' Specific conductance 8.7 51 51 53 48 pH
- 49 6.2 6.0 6.1 8.0 8.0
\
Surface illumination , 6600 1% Surface 111umination 4.7 Alkalinity 11 11 12 12 12 Turbidity 15 s l 32 130 6 ' 5 Chloride 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.466 l' 0.477 0.513 0.181 0.176 j Acrnonia ni trogen 0.071 0.052 0.105 _ 0.053 i 0.029 Soluble o phosphorus 0.006 0.005 0,015 0.008 0.011 Total phosphorus 0.019 0.025 0.054 0.022 0.020 Sillcon 5.14 5.18 5.76 4.48 4.12 fron, Total 0.15 0.27 0.90 0.04 0.02 Manganese 0.04 0.12 0.69 0.01 0.00 Calcium 1.64 1.68 1 50 1.66 1.69 Magnesium 1.18 1.18 1.21 1.13 1.10 Aluminum 0.4 . I {edmlum 0.0001 Chromium 0.0056 Copper 0.0005 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.030 ' Potassium 1.5 ' ' Sodium 39 Zinc l l' o,oyo All values are as mg/L except pH, specific cor.fuctance (umhos/cm2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1. I 145 of 158 , New Page
ER Te.ble 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA p 6-13-74 Station 2 2 2 2 2 Tltne 10:05 10:05 10:05 10:05 10:05 Test Depth (me te r s) : 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 25.0m 30.om
' Temperature 'C. 20.3 16.1 14.4 )1.8 13 5 Dissolved oxygen 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 35 Specific conductance 49 51 51 51 51 pH 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 ?
Surface Illumination 1% surface Illumination , Alkalinity 12 12 12 12 12 f . 5 11 6 19 6 l Turbidity Chloride 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 i NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.288 0.444 0.429 0.461 0.174 Ammonia nitrogen 0.074 0.033 0.026 0.034 0.038 l Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.014 0.011 Total phosphorus 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.021 0.020 (~
\' 4.28 Silicon 4.50 4.79 4.85 4.69 Iron, Total 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.16 0.02 l- ,
Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.09 I Calcium 1.70 1 74 1 75 1 72 1 70 i Magnesium 1.14 1.20 1.21 1.21 1.21 Aluminum i Cadmlum ' i Chromium Copper Lead i Mercury ' Nickel i Potassium I sodlum Zinc All valtes are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 146 of 158 New Page
, ER Tcble 2 5 3-2 (cont.)
LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA
. 6-13-74 Station 3 3 3 3 3 Time 10;45 10:45 10:45 10:45 10:45 Test De p t h (me t e rs') : 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 17.0m ' Temperature 'C. 24.4 20.4 23 9 16.5 16.3 01ssolved oxygen 8.6 8.8 5.6 3.6 3.4 Specific conductance 34 39 44 48 48 i
pH 8.1 79 6.3 6.1 6.2 . Surface 111umination 7000 1% Surface 111umination 4.7 Alkalinity 12 12 12 12 12 Turbidity 6 5 9 82 9 Chloride 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.196 0 320 0.299 0 382 0.439 l Acrnonia nitrogen 0.050 0.050 0.043 _. 0.029 0.023 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.039 0.008 0.006 0.011 ; Total phosphorus 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.021 0.045 Sillcon 4.34 4.67 4.38 4.90 5 21 , Iron, Total 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.08 0'.12 i Manganese 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 Calcium 1.75 1.73 1.72 1 72 1 73 j Magnesium 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.21 Aluminum 0.1 * ' Cadmium 0.0001 Chromium 0.0064 Copper 0.0150 Lead Mercury Nickel OC Potasslu- 15 i Sodlum 39 l_ Zinc 0.010 All values are as mg/L ea. cept pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m - meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. 147 of 158 Revision 1 New Page (
, ,f G
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cent.) , l LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 1 g , 6-13-74 ( Station 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 Time 11:15 11:15 11:15 11:30 11:30 ; Test De p t h (me t e r s) : 0.3m 5.0m 7.0m 0.3m 5.0m I;
' Temperature 'C. 25.1 24.7 24.2 24.9 24.4 Olssolved oxygen 8.3 8.2 7.8 8.4 i
8.5 . Speelfic conductance 48 48 48 46 47 I pH 8.0 79 7.4 8.1 79 . Surface 111umination 7300 7400 1% Surface Illumination 4.0 5.2 Alkalinity 12 12 12 12 12 -l Turbidity 8 12 21 6 5 Chloride 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.9
- NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.187 0.164 0.175 0.159 0.244 {
l Ammonia nitrogen 0.046 0.019 0.021 0.025 0.038
' 1 Soluble o phosphorus 0.012 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.019 0.019 Silicon 4.53 4.48 4.43 4.24 4.43 fron, Total 0.08 0.14 0.27 0.02 0.01 I
Manganese 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.00 g Calcium 1.75 1.71 1.69 1 75 1.76 Magnesium I.14 1.13 1.14 1.14 1.15 Aluminum 0.1 . 0.1 , , Cadmium 0.0001 0.0002 i Chromium 0.0044 0.0046 Copper 0.0001 0.0005 Lead 0.000'3 Mercury <0.0002 Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potassium 1.5 1.6 i Sodium 4.0 39 p, , I J Zinc 0.060 0.050
\.d l All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umbos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m.
Revision l' 148 of 158 , new page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA { 6-13-74 . j Station 4.5 4.5 5 5 5 Time 11:30 f 11:30 12:10 12:10 12:10 ! Test Dept h (me te rs ) : 10.0m 13.om 0.3m 5.0m 10.0m Temperature 'C. 20.4 18.1 24.7 23 7 18.8 Olssolver oxygen t 5.5 3.6 8.6 8.8 4.7 b olfic conductance 4g 49 48 48 49 1 pH 6.4 6.3 8.2 B.1 6.2 . Surface Illumination 8200 e 1% Surface 111umination 5.2 . Alkallnity l 12 12 12 11 11 Turbidity 5 5 5 5 5 Chloride 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.1 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.294 0.305 0.178 0 311 0 324 , Anynon l a ni t roge n 0.046 0.301 0.034 0.062 l 0.055 Soluble o phosphorus 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.009 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.018 0.018 Silicon 4.66 4.78 4.26 4.69 4.74 l Iron, Total 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 g Manganese 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 l Calcium 1.75 1 75 1.68 1 75 1.78 Magnesium 1.15 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.15 , Aluminum 0.4 l Cadmium 0.0001 1 Chromium 0.0044 Copper 0.0030 Lead Mercury i Nickel 0.010 i Potassium 1.6 l Sodium 4I Zinc 0.070 All values are as mg/l except pH, specific conductance (umbos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% surf. Ill., m. i Revision 1 New Page 149 of 158
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA O 6-13-74 Station 5 5 6 6 6 Time 12:10 12:10 12:40 12:40 12:40 Test Dept h (me te r s) : ' 15.0m 20.0m 0.3m 5.0m 8.0m
' Temperature 'C. 15.1 14.5 24.6 22 9 21 9 f 01ssolved oxygen 33 2.8 7.8 6.9 51 l Specific conductance 51 51 49 48 49 pH 6.1 6.1 79 6.8 6.4 ,
Surface illumination 6800 1% Surface illumination 5.0 { Alkallnity 11 11 11 11 11 T urbidity 22 14 8 6 6 Chloride 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.1 - l NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.465 0.415 0.205 0.241 0.272 ; Anunonia nitrogen 0.046 0.027 0.066 0.036 0.043 Soluble o phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.019 0.005 0.005 Total phosphorus 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.018 f Sillcon 5.10 5.06 3 51 4.16 4.55 . 1 Iron, Total 0.02 0.12 0.03 0.01 0.01 , Manganese 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.01 ; Calcium 1.85 1.83 1.81 1.82 1.81 1 Magnesium 1.23 1.22 1.15 1 19 1.18 Aluminum 0.1 , Cadmium 0.0002 i Chromium 0.0036 l t Copper 0.0005 l l Lead L Mercury Nickel 0.010 l Potassium 1.6 i f Sodium 39 i g Zinc 0.050 . All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (un.hos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2 l Turbidity Ucits). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It Surf. Ill., m. ; Revision 1 150 of 158 , ge,p,g, r
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 6-13-74 station 8 8 9 9 9 Time 13:20 13:20 13:50 13:50 13:50 Test De pt h (me t e r s) : 16. % tL n 0. % 5.0m 10.0m
' Temperature 'C. 19 3 16.6 25.2 23.1 19.5 f Dissolved oxygen 3.1 2.8 7.6 7.8 3.6 specific conductance 43 46 44 46 48 I
pH 6.0 6.1 8.2 8.0 6.1 Surface illumintion 9200 l 1% Surface lilumination 5.0 t Alkallnity 11 11 11 11 11 Turbidity 7 12 8 8 6 . I Chloride 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 +. . A i NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.367 0.120 0.149 0.327 0.I31 Ammonia nitrogen 0.075 0.046 0.093 0.054 0.063 I Soluble o phosphorus 0.047 0.014 0.025 0.013 0.010 ! Total phosphorus 0.018 0.019 0.019 0.018 0.018 S 11 con 4.31 3.69 3.75 4.21 3 75 i fron, Total 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 Manganese 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 Calcium 1.70 1 74 1.76 1.73 1.72 Magneslum 1.14 1.20 1.15 1.15 1.12 Aluminum . 0.1 . > Cadmlum 0.0001 Chromium 0.0048 Copper 0.0005 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.6 Sodium 3.8 Zinc 0.070 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. ' Revision 1. 151 of 158 , New Page
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) . LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA O station 6-13-74 7 7 7 8 8 Time 13:00 13:00 13:00 13:20 13:20 Test De p t h (me t e rs ) : 0.3m 5.om 7.0m 0 3m 5.0m ;
' Temperature *C, 24.8 24.0 23.5 25.0 23.8 Dissolved oxygen 79 7.6 6.8 8.0 8.1 specific conductance 48 47 47 33 40 pH 8.1 8.0 7.4 8.2 79 ,
Surface illumination 9200 9300 It surface illumination 4.5 5.2 Alkalinity 11 11 11 14 11 Turbidity i 7 11 14 6 5 ; 1 Chlor t rie 4.1 4;3 4:2 h.2 4.4 j 0.041 l NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.137 0.145 0.126 0.124 ; ; Arrrnonia ni t rogen 0.074 0.082 0.116 0.038 0.043 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.013 0.014 0.021 0.012 0.010 Total phosphorus 0.019 0.020 0.025 0.020 0.019 Sillcon 3 99 ' 3 94 4.48 3.85 3.87 Iron, Total 0.06 0.04 0 36 0.02 0.02 ; Hanganese 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 ! Calcium 1.78 1 72 1.70 1.73 1,71 I Hagnesium 1.14 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.11 Aluminum O.1 0.I i Cadmlum 0.0002 0.0004 i Chromium 0.0046 0.0054 Copper 0.0005 0.0005 > Lead 0.0009 Hercury <0.0002 e Nickel 0.010 0.010 . Potassium 1.5 1.5 I i i ! Sodlum 3.8 3.8 j C. l
)\ Zinc 0.1 0.1 1
All values are as' eg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson I Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. 111., m. I Revision 1 152 of 15,8 New Page ,1
I 1 ER Tcble 2.5.3-2 (cont.) , i LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA i 6-13-74 Station 9 10 10 11 Time 11 13:50 14: 10 14:10 Test Depth (meters): 14:25 14:25 15.0m 0.3m 5.0m
. 0.3m 5.0m Temperature 'C. 16.0 25 5 24.0 25.0 22.4 Dissolved oxygen 2.4 8.0 6.8 8.2 8.1 specific conductance 50 45 47 36 43 pH 6.1 8.3 7.0 7.8 77 .
Surface 111umination 9200 9300 I 1% Surface 111umination 4.2 i 4.5 Alkallnity 11 12 11 11 11 Turbidity 12 8 9 6 9 Chiuride 4.3 i 4.7 4.4 4.0 4.0 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0 333 0.138 t 0.117 0.180 0.154 Ammonia nitrogen 1.046 0.027 0.037 0.032 0.078 Soluble o-phosphorus 0.021 0.036 0.000 0.008 0.020 Total phosphorus 0.018 0.019 0.024 0.020 0.020 Silicon 4.28 3.75 3.70 4.23 3.97 Iron, Total 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 Hangancsc 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Calcium 1 73 1 78 1.72 1.73 1.74 Magnesium 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.14 1.15 Aluminum 0.1 0.1 Cadmium 0.0001 0.0001 Chromium 0.0064 0.0066 Copper 0.0005 0.0005 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.6 1.5 Sodium 3.8 3.6 Zinc 0.170 All values are as mg/L except pH, specif!c conductance (umhos/cm 2
), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. Ill., ft. candles. It Surf. 111., m.
Revision 1* 153 of 158 , New Page 6
i ER Table' 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY OATA 6-13-74 - Station 11 11 12 12 13 Time th:25 14:25 15:00 15:00 15:20 ! Test Dept h (me t e r s ) : 10.0m 15.0m 0.3m 5 0m 0.3m
' Temperature 'C. 18.5 16.3 25.1 23.0 24.5 Dissolved oxygen 2.8 2.8 7.8 3.8 8.3 ,
Specific conductance 45 47 34 42 46 , pH 6.0 6.1 7.0 6.2 72 Surface litumination 9200 8700 d it Sv-face Illumination 4.1 3.5 Alkalinity 11 11 12 12 13 Turbidity 8 10 7 12 13 1 Chloride 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 N03 + NO2 nitrogen 0.210 0.296 0.177 0.148 0.146 b Ammonia nitrogen 0.048 0.031 0.044 0.066 0.060 Soluble o phosphore. 0.009 0.009 0.065 0.013 0.014 L Total phosphorus 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.024 0.023 Silicon 4.45 4.33 4.19 4.23 4.35 ; Iron, Total 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.09 l f . Manganese 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.02 !
.I ,
Calclum 1.60 1.69 1 77 1 74 1.66 { Hagneslum 1.15 1.18 1.16 1.16 1.13 Aluminum 0.1 0.2 Cadmium 0.0005 0.0005 Chromium 0.0082 0.0096 ] i Copper 0.0005 0.0005 1 Lead Mercury Nickel 0.010 0.020 Potassium 1.5 1.5 Sodlum 35 3.4
/' Zinc 0.070 0.050 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm ), and turbidity (Jackson 2
Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. 111., m. { Revision 1 ! 9 154 of 158 l
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 6-13-74 Station 13 13 13 13 13 Time 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 15:20 Test Dept h (me t e r s) : 5.0m 10.0m 15.0m 20.0m 22.0m Temperature *C. 22.0 18.4 15.1 14.0 14.0 ! Dissolved oxygen 5.0 3.2 2.8 2.4 2 . ', Specific cor,ductanca 47 48 49 50 50 pH 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 Surface 111umination f it Surface Illumination l Alkalinity 12 12 12 12 12 Turbidity 12 19 34 43 45 i Chloride 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.0 i NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.160 0.341 0 366 0 371 0.362 Ammonta nitrogen 0.077 0.046 0.048 0.050 0.05) Soluble o phosphorus 0.011 0.018 0.016 0.048 0.008 , Total phosphorus 0.021 0.020 0.028 0.030 0.023 Sillcon 4.42 4.48 4.64 4.69 4.66 tron, Total 0.13 0.14 0.21 0.29 0.23 4 Hanganese 0.07 0.08 0.15 0.31 0 39 ; Calcium 1.68 1.53 1.66 1.62 1.61 . 4
;bgnesium 1.14 1.12 1.19 1.22 1.22 Aluminum Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Potassium 4
Sodium Zinc All values are as ng/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. It surf. 111., m. Revision i 155 of 158 New Page
i ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEHISTRY OATA i 6-13-74 i g Station 14 14 15 '15 15 ilme 15:40 15:40 16:00 16:00 16:00 Test Oep t h (me t e r s) : 0-3m 5.0m 0. % 8; . 0m 10.om
~
Temperature *C. 25.6 23.6 25.0 22 3 18.4 I - Dissolved oxygen 3.4 4.7 9.1 5.6 3.6 Specific conductance 52 51 46 46 47 i pH 6.1 6.3 8.3 6.6 6.1 . Surface illumination 8600 8700 1% Surface I1luminatlon 30 4.2 i f Alkallnity 11 11 12 12 12 i l Turbidity 31 27 7 9 40 l Chloride 3.9 3.8 4.0 37 3.8 i NO3+NO2 nitrogen 0.274 0.299 0.075 0.134 0 334 Ammonia nitrogen 0.031 0.044 0.031 0.084 0.051 Soluble o phosphorus 0.046 0.020 0.015 0.055 0.034 f c Total phosphorus 0.050 0.023 0.022 { + [ Silicon 4.40 4.44 4.23 4.47 4.70 iron, Total 0.07 0.16 0.07 , Manganese 0.22 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.07 . Calcium 1.81 1.78 1,64 1.49 1 50 , Magneslum 1.22 1.21 1.12 1.11- 1.11 Aluminum 1.0 0.2 . Cadmium 0.0015 0.0001 Chromium 0.0096 0.0086 Copper 0.0005 0.0005 Lead 0.0009 Mercury <0.0002 , Nickel 0.010 0.010 Potasslum 15 1.4 j Sodlum 3.4 3.4 i I Zinc- 1.0 0.2 All values are as mg/L except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). m = meters. Surf. 111., ft. candles. 1% Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1. I 156 of 158, New Page 1 l
ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) LAKE I40RMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA 6-13-74 Station 15 15 16 17 17 T i r<e 16:00 16:00 11:00 14:05 14:05 Test Dep t h (me t e r s ) : 15.0m 18.0m 0.3m 0.3m 5.om
' Temperature "C. 15.0 14.4 24.0 Dissolved oxygen 2.6 2.4 7.3 Specific conductance 49 50 30 pH 6.1 6.1 7.1 .
Surface 111umination 11 Surface illumination Alkalinity 12 12 10 Turbidity 43 41 6 Chloride 39 3.9 4.1 , NO3 + f402 nitrogen 0.328 0.323 0.201 Ammonia nitrogen 0.041 0.060 . , 0.021 Soluble o phosphorus 0.011 0.030 0.006 Total phosphorus 0.026 0.029 Silicon 4.69 4.47 4.60 Iron, Total 0.27 0.04 Hanganese 0.28 0 30 0.01 Calcium 1.63 1.65 1.86 Magnesium 1.19 1.19 1.16 Aluminum 0.1 Cadmium 0.0020 l C hrcxnl um 0.0026 Copper 0.0005 Lead 0.0005 0.0021 Hercury < 0. 0002 < 0. 0002 Nickel 0.010 Potassium 1.6 Sodium 3.8 Zinc 0.100 All values are as mg/L exceot pH, s-pecific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ). and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units). ma re f e r s surf. !!!., ft. c a nd ! t. s . It Surf. Ill., m. Revision 1 157 of 158 New Page
_ . _ . = . _ . __ . _ ._ . - _ I o t 1 ER Table 2.5.3-2 (cont.) <
-. Q LAKE NORMAN WATER CHEMISTRY DATA t
^
6-13-74 l OStation 17 17 18 14:00 j Time 14:05 14:05 Test ' Depth (meters): 10.0m 15.0m 0.3m
- t
' Temperature 'C. 25.0 Dissolved oxygen 7.8 Specific conductance 240 ,
pH 7.2 l ; Surface iIluminatlon j 1% Surface Illumination 12 I Alkalinity Turbidity 10 l Chloride 4.9 NO3 + NO2 nitrogen 0.055 l f Ammonia nitrogen .0.090 . Soluble o phosphorus 0.021 > Total phosphorus 0.040 5.58 ! Silicon Iron, Total 0.05 . I i Manganese 0.15 i Calcium 7.80 ; i , Magneslum 5 75 ~ Aluminum - 03 . i , Cadmium 0.0025 ' 3
. Chromium 0.0046 Copper, 0.0098 l Lead 0.0030 0.0002 0.0007 Mercury. <0.0027 <0.0027 .<0.0002 l l
Nickel 0.020 6 3 11.0 Potassium 3
' Sodium 6.5 l I
Zinc 0.130 ; All. values are as mg/L.except pH, specific conductance (umhos/cm 2 ), and turbidity (Jackson Turbidity Units), m = rie t e r s . Surf. 111., ft, candles, it Surf. 111., m. i 158 of 158 . New Page .
l ER Table 2.5.3-3 3 J.ake Norman Water Chemistry Data 1962-1973 Station = Station 1 = 109.0 i l 8 = 113.4 l l 15 = 126.0 j i l l l l l i
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