ML20054D393
| ML20054D393 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 05000000 |
| Issue date: | 01/08/1982 |
| From: | Cropp L, Otey G, Amy Snyder SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19247E371 | List: |
| References | |
| CON-FIN-A-1306, FOIA-82-96 20-19-04-14, 20-19-4-14, NUDOCS 8204220658 | |
| Download: ML20054D393 (10) | |
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January 8,
1982 PROJECT AND DUDGET PHOPOSAL i OR NHC WORK Oo j
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.. ~ u -,, t n P R O JL C1 141 L t HYDROGEN BURN SURVIVAL - ANALYTICAL A 1306 N H C al & R N u'A B t R unC of FsCL 20-19-04-14 Nuclear Reactor Regulation CON 1 H AC10M ACCOvN1 NUMetR 00789 Sandia National Laboratories DOE BhR NvMBLM Albuquerque, New Mexico 401001020 L'E R10 DOT PL Rf OH M Assi ORG ANIZ ATION F T5 PHONE NuMBE R COGNIZ ANT PERSONNEL ST ARTING DATE P!RC PnOJLCT MANAGER NRR/CMEB 492-8057 08/01/81 V.
Benarova OTHER NRC lECHNICAL ST AFF K. E. Parczewski N RR/CMEB 492-9408 09/30/83
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8 4
5 TECHNICAL PROPOSAL Performing Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories
Title:
Hydrogen Burn Survival - Analytical FIN:
A 1306 B & R No.:
20-19-04-14 Key Personnel:
L.
Cropp, Principal Investigator (FTS 844-8723)
W.
McCulloch, Project Engineer (PTS 844-7960)
J.
Aragon, Cxperiments (FTS 846-3076) 1.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The experience at TMI-2 has indicated that it is possible to have an accident which would produce hydrogen in quantities significantly higher than predicted in a design basis accident.
Hydrogen, when released, mixes with air and can form flammable or even explosive mixtures.
Schemes have been proposed to pre-clude violent reactions between hydrogen and air which could endanger the integrity of the containment.
One method is to maintain low hydrogen concentrations using igniters to repe-titively burn the accumulating hydrogen.
Although this solu-tion may reduce the probability of containment failures in some accidents, it may also cause the degradation of some of the equipment required for accomplishing and maintaining a safe plant shutdown.
At present, little is known about the survivability of such equipment in a hydrogen burn environment for the period during and af ter the burn, until temper.atures and pressures no longer threaten equipment.
Most of the information that is available is the result of tests conducted in enclosures considerably smaller than reactor containments and its applicability to the full scale environ-l ment is uncertain.
To gain meaningful, quantitative infor-mation on the relationship between the burn environment and equipment survivability, carefully planned analytical and ex-perimental investigations will be per formed.
Based on the results of these investigations, it is reasonable that methods or algorithms for predicting the survivability of vital equip-ment in a hydrogen burn environment can be developed.
This would provide the NRC with the basis for evaluating equipment survivability and a means for assuring that the equipment can
m.
per form needed safety functions.
It also would provide the basis for establishing criteria and standards needed to en-sure that safety functions could be performed during and after a hydrogsn burn.
The analytical efforts described in this proposal are part of the Hydrogen Burn Survival (HBS) Program and will be coordi-nated with experimental activities addressed in a separate proposal which is concur rently being submitted to RES.
A primary objective of the analytical portion of the Hydrogen Burn Survival Program is to develop methods which will enable the NRC staf f to predict the ef fects produced on equipment required for safe plant shutdown by their exposure to a de-flagration and post-deflagration environment.
Information gained from analytical investigations will be used to formulate a methodology for evaluating safety-related equipment surviv-ability.
The investigations will cover two areas:
(1)
Identification of the parameters characterizing the thermal environment of the burning hydrogen with respect to its effect on the functionability of the safety-related equipment.
(2)
Study of the responses of safety-related equipment to thermal conditions in the hydrogen burn environment.
Both areas will be investigated analytically and experimentally.
Since the experimental study will be performed in enclosures considerably smaller than a reactor containment, analytical models will be used to scale-up the results and determine the parameters wh'ich characterize the full scale containment.,This effort will develop analytical representations of:
- 1) the mechanisms of heat transfer from the cloud of hot gases formed by the hydrogen burn to the equipment in the containment and
- 2) the temperature response within specific pieces of equipment selected for evaluation.
The experimental results will be supplemented by, and compared with, analytical predictions.
Based on experimental and analytical results, a procedure will be developed for evaluating equipment survivability and, if possible, recommending equipment survivability improvement measures.
For component evaluations, first ef forts will be directed toward five ice condenser PWR plants:
D.
C.
Cook 1, McGuire 1 and 2, and Sequoyah 1 and 2.
This ef fort is directed so as to obtain as much information as possible on the components in these plants by the ' time " Proposals for Equipment Qualification" l
are submitted for them.
By that time, now expected to be about i
January 1982, preliminary modelling analyses for specific l
components will be available.
Complete test of the components
I under the experimental portion of this program, funded by RES, will not be finished by that date.
If required, plans for evaluating ' component survivability in detonation environments will be made.
2.
SUMMARY
OF PRIOR EFFORTS A preliminary program plan covering the period through FY82 was developed, defining the objectives and statement of work for the HBS Program.
The estimated funding requirements exceeded resources available in FY82, requiring a revision to the program plan early in FY82.
~
A list of safety-related equipmen t located inside the McGuire, Sequoyah, and D.
C.
Cook containment buildings was compiled, and four components (cable, hydrogen igniter, pressure a
transmitter, and solenoid valve) were selected for initial i +
consideration.
Procurement activities for these items have been started.
Computer codes currently available and applicable to the HBS Program have been identified.
3.
WORK TO BE PERFORMED AND EXPECTED RESULTS 3.1 WORK AREAS TASK 1 Development and Verification of Analytical Methods for Characterizing the Burn Environment (SOW Task 1)
An analytical study of the phenomena taking place during a hydrogen burn in containment will be per formed.
The purpose of this study is to obtain information on the nature of the hydrogen-air reaction, including the conditions when a self-sustaining reaction can be maintained and propagated within the containment.
Of principal interest are the thermal radi-ation characteristics of the burning gas cloud, its size, and the temperature transient occurring af ter each burn.
This information will provide the nature of the source to which equipment in containment will be exposed and estimates of the temperatures and pressure which it must survive.
The analyti-cal methods developed in this task will be verified by results obtained from RES-funded experimen ts in the VGES test chamber.
Experimentel data will also contain information on the effects of steam in the burn environment.
Analyses will be per formed for various hydrogen concentrations up to detonation limits.
These deflagration environments will be studied to determine the range of temperature and pressure transients possible.
This will include analysis of multiple burns with concentrations typical of those credible with presently installed igniter systems.
s TASK 2 Development and Verification of Analytical Methods for Predicting the Behavior of Safety-Related Equipment (S0W Task 2)
The long-term goal of this project is to develop algorithms or methods which will allow the response of equipment in containment to be predicted analytically without necessitating hydrogen burn tests.
These methods or algorithms will be used to predict the temperature and pressure response of safety-related equipment when exposed to the specified environments.
In the creation of these methods or algorithms, existing programs utilizing heat transfer, flammability, and structural response simulations will be used along with other modelling techniques.
These methods or algorithms will be verified by RES-sponsored experiments conducted in tha VGES, FITS, Radiant Heat Facility, and other facilities as necessary.
Initially, Sandia will use whatever techniques are required to predict equipment response.
In the long term, the goal is to provide the NRC with methods which can be used in the future to supplement survivability test data and may, in some-instances, replace them.
4 Behavior predictions of safety-related equipment in contain-ment will be made using the analytical and experimental methods described above.
If confirmed modelling techniques show that some components survive the hydrogen burn environment by a wide margin, the list of specific components tested may be reduced.
Components showing marginal survivability will receive first priority for testing.
TASK 3 Analysis of Equipment Thermal Response Characteristics Analytical thermal analysis techniques will be used to predict the thermal response of components exposed to hydrogen burn -
environments.
The techniques will be verified by comparison to test results obtained from the RES-funded experiments.
These analyses will (1) establish design requirements, such as maximum expected temperatures, flammability limits, maximum thermal stresses, etc., for components and materials and (2) j define experimental conditions to ef fectively simulate hydrogen burn exposure.
Eventually, af ter their reliability has been demonstr a ted, these techniques, in combination with others, i
may possibly result in algorithms or methods that will enable the evaluation of the survivability of some components without testing as described in Task 2.
TASK 4 Analysis of Equipment Structural Response Characteristics j
The component material stresses created by the burn environ-ment will also be analyzed to de'termine a method for estimating
and predicting the stresses and loads on the components in containment.
The strength of the component materials will be evaluated to determine the structural behavior of these mate-rials in burn and post-burn environments.
Information from this task will also be used in Task 2.
TASK 5 Prediction of the Behavior of Safety-Related Equipment During a Hydrogen Burn (SOW Task 3)
Equipment response data from experimental tests will be compared with results predicted by the analytical models.
Based on these results, a procedure for predicting and evaluating equipment.
survivability, in containment, during and/or following a LOCA and exposure to a hydrogen burn environment will be developed.
The analytical methods will permit scaling of the results from small scale experiments to full size containment buildings to
" simulate" the actual env ir onmen t s that the components must survive.
Sandia will address the near term objectives of the program in this task by estimating equipment survivability for McGuire 1 and 2, Sequoyah 1 and 2,
and D.
C.
Cook 1.
When the analysis and/or testing indicate a probable component failure in the burn environment, measures to mitigate the deleterious ef fects may be suggested for consideration by the NRC, the licensees, the component manuf acturer, etc.
For example, it might be recommended that cables exhibiting flam-mability problems be wrapped with a metal foil.
However, a thorough evaluation of these suggestions, or any attempt to redesign components to ensure survivability in these environ-ments, is beyond the scope of this effort.
3.2 EXPECTED RESULTS IN FY82 Develop a program implementation network chart to detail tasks, organizational responsibilities, and milestones for FY82.
The program plan will be updated for FY83 and following years based on the testing and results obtained through FY82.
Refine hydrogen burn characterization methods to include heat transfer to the containment building during the hydrogen burn phase.
Conduct tests in the VGES test chamber to acquire data for refinement of source characteristics.
The effects of a range of hydrogen mixtures causing deflagration and the effects of multiple burns will be simulated and analyzed.
Heat flow and gas dynamics properties will be analyzed to de-termine methods for simulating the heat transfer into compo-nents.
This information will be used in developing experimental tests and analytical models.
-s-
Analytical models of specific components will be developed.
These models will be validated by RES-f unded exper iments.
These tests will be conducted in the VGES, FITS, Radiant Heat Facility, or other test facilities as may be required.
.psing the verified analytical methods, equipment response in containment will be predicted.
Steam effects will also be included in the prediction methods.
Equipment survivability estimates will be developed through component model analyses.
These analyses will determine which components will clearly survive, as well as those that will be af fected by the burn environment. - These analyses-- - -
will identify critical components requiring component model model refinement and testing.
Summaries, conclusions, and appropriate details of the work done will be prepared for presentation at a workshop planned for early FY83.
4.
DESCRIPTION OF FOLLOW-ON EFFORTS During FY82, it is expected that the HBS problem for land based ice condenser pressurized water reactors (PWRs) in deflagration environments will be assessed for several components.
Extension to Mark III boiling water reactors (BNRs) will be at least initiated.
In FY83, the effort will be extended to:
1.
Treat detonations in ice condenser and Mark III containments.
2.
Consider localized deflagrations and detonations in large dry PWRs.
(Because of their large containment volumes, these reactor systems are thought to be essentially immune to containment structural failures resulting from hydrogen generation in degraded cores).
3.
Include the testing and analysis of additional components.
4.
Develop an algorithm to allow evaluation by NRC of treatments of the hydrogen burn problem in future reactor licensing actions.
5.
Disseminate information per taining to HBS by conducting public workshop.
2
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5.
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PROJ ECTS This effor t is ~ related to other programs (underway or completed) which involve reactor safety, component testing, hydrogen analysis and associated experiments.
Hydrogen Program RES A-1246 Combustible Gas in Contiinment RES A-1255 Hydrogen Burn Survival - Experimental RES-1270 Steam Explosions RES A-1030 Containment Analysis RES A-1198 Safety Margins for Containment RES A-1249 Independent Verification Testing I&E B-3101 Qualification Testing Evaluation RSR A-1051 Fire Protection Research Program RSR A-1010 6.
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Upon completion of each task, a letter report will be provided to,the NRR branch chief.
The letter report will include infor-mation relating to equipment selection and information the NRC can write into the safety evaluation and supplemental safety reports.
A monthly business letter will be submitted by the 15th of each month to the cognizant NRR manager, V.
Benaroya, with copies to R. Vollmer, Attn:
C.
- Poslusny, W. Johnston, and B. Grenier, and copies to the cognizant RES personnel.
These reports will present brief discussions of:
a)
Significant accomplishments for the reporting period; b)
Significant accomplishments proj ected for the next reporting period; c)
Problems encountered during the reporting period with proposed responses; d)
Changes to program plans and budgets; and e)
Status of manpower and funding expenditures.
No more than 30 copies of any report will be furnished to the NRC monitor.
W. L. Garner, Supervisor, Technical Writing Division, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque has been designated as the authorizing official for publications for NRC Form 426. :..
7.
JUSTIFICATION FOR MAJOR SUBCONTRACT ITEMS Subcontracts may be negotiated to acquire component drawings, lists of materials, operational characteristics and speci-fications, including predominant failure mode data, This information will provide data required for analysis of specific components.
8.
LIST OF CAPITAL EQUIPMENT REQUIRED N/A 9.
UTILIZATION OF FACILITIES AND TEST INSTALLATIONS The bulk of the testing will be conducted in the Variable Geometry Experimental System (VGES) and the Fully Instru-mental Test System (FITS) test chambers and the Radiant Heat Test Facility.
Other experimental capabilities available at Sandia and other laboratories will be considered for HBS test requirements.
Funding for this testing is provided under the RES portion of the Hydrogen Burn Survival Program, 10.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST No significant contractual or organizational relationships of Sandia Laboratories, its employees, or anticipated sub-contractor.s and/or consultants exist with industries regulated by Nhc and suppliers thereof, that might give rise to an apparent or actual conflict of interest.
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TABLE 1 Proposed NRR Funding for FY83 HBS Activities ($K) i Description Proposed Funding 1
Treat detonations in ice condenser and 115 Mark III containments 2
Consider localized deflagrations and 75 detonations in large dry PWRs 3
Include the testing and analysis of 100 additional components 4
Develop an algorithm to allow evaluation 226 by NRC of treatments of the hydrogen burn problem in future reactor licensing actions 5
Disseminate information per taining to HBS 25 by conducting a public workshop m