ML19276F633

Environ Surveillance Rept 1978.

ML19276F633
Person / Time
Site:	Brunswick
Issue date:	03/27/1979
From:	Denise Edwards, Lipa H CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT CO.
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Ie I Shearon Harris Energy & Environnental Center Carolina Power & Light Company New Hill, North Carolina I

I I ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING REPORT FOR BRUNSWICK STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT JANUARY 1, 1978, THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1978 I

I 7 9040602%

Prepared By: Approved By:

L #f6A Don H. Edwards

~

Helm Lipa [/

W Supervisor Environmental & Radiation Control Radiological Laboratory Laboratory Supervisor I March 27, 1979 I

TABLE OF CONTENTS Pane

1.0 INTRODUCTION

....................................... ... I 1.1 Plant and Location................................ I 1.2 Environmental Monitoring Program. ................ 2 2.0 P R OG RAM S UMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.0 INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS................. ..... 26 3.1 Air Samples...................................... 26 3.2 Milk Samples.............................. .. ... 33 3.3 Vegetation....................................... 38 3.4 Surface Water.................................... 41 3.5 Fish................................ ............ 42 3.6 Benthos............................. ............ 43 3.7 Shrimp Zooplankton, Beau. Sand, Oysters, and Groundwater.................................... 44 3.8 So11............................................. 44 3.9 Bottom Sediment................. ................ 48 3.10 Ex t e rna l Ra d ia t ion Do s e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 4 t) 4.0 MISSED SAMPLES AND ANALYSES........................ 50 4.1 Aquatic Vegetation.............................. 50 4.2 Fodder and Feed................................. 30 4.3 M11k............................................ 50 4.4 Environmental TLD's............................. 50 i

(continued)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 5.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES............................. .. . 51 5.1 Gross Beta........................... ........... 51 5.2 Tritium......................................... . 31 5.3 Iodine-131........................... .. ......... 52 5.4 Strontium-89, 90........ ........... .......... .. 52 5.5 Gamma Spect rome t ry (Ge-Li) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 52 5.6 Thermoluminescent Dosimetry....................... 55 11

I I

!IST OF TABLES Table Page 1-1 Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program - Brunswick

.- Steam Electric Plant............................... .. ... 6 2-1 Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program Summary. ... 13 3-1 Gross Beta Air Particulate Six-Month Average for Comparison of Preoperatianal Data to 1978......... ....... 27 3-2 Summary of Average Concentration and Frequency of Detection I for Radionuclides in Quarterly Composite Gamma Scans for Air Particulate Filters................. . ........... .. 29 3-3 Iodine-131 in k'e ekly Milk Samp le s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3-4 Detectable Strontium-89 in Monthly Milk Composites......... 37 I 3-5 Summary of Terrestrial Vegetation and Fodder Crops for the First Six Months of 1978................................. . 38 I 3-6 Summary of Short-Lived Fission Products Detected in Soil Samples.................................. ...... .........45 3-7 Cesium-137 Concentrations in soil Samples......... ........ 47 3-8 Cesium-137 in t' oil Samples at Station 35 (Stevens Farm)... 48 3-9 Detectable Radionuclides in Enttom Sediment Samples....... 48 5-1 Typical Minimum Detectable Concentrations - Ge-(Li) Gamma Spectrometry...................... ..................... .. '4 I

I I

I I lii I

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Location of Radiological Environmental Monitoring Stations............................................... .. 4 1.2 location of Radiological Environmental Monitoring Stations........................................ . ... .. 5 3-1 Average Gross Beta Activity at Indica t o r Loca t ions . . . . . . . . 32 3-2 Cs in Milk--Station #35 (1972-1978).................... 36 iv

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The following report summarizes the Environmental Radiological Monitoring conducted for the Brunswick Steam Electric Plant during the calendar year 1978. This is the second year in which the program's sample analyses and data interpretation have been entirely performed by Carolina Power & Light Company.

1.I _

PLANT AND LOCATION The Brunswick Steam Electric Plant (BSEP) includes two units, both boiling water reactors, which are designed to generate a total of 1,642 MW (net). Unit 2 first achieved criticality on March 21, 1975, and went into commercial production on November 3, '975.

Unit I achies d criticality on November 22, 1976, and went into commercial production on March 18, 1977.

The BSEP is located in the southeastern corner of N( rth Carolina, in Brunswick County, approximately 2.5 mile' north >f Southport.

This location is near the mouth of the Cape Fear River which is a source of condenser croling water. An intake canal extends approxi-mately three miles east of the plant to the Cape Fear River, and the discharge canal proceeds southwest and south for approximately six miles to the Atlantic Ocean. The discharge canal passes under the Intercoastal Waterway by inverted siphon, proceeds to a pumping basin at the shoreline, and is carried out into the

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=

ocean by a 2,000 ft, pipeline. Supplemental or alternate cooling methods are still under litigation.

Elevation of the plant areas ranges from sea level to 30 ft.

__ (MSL) and extensive swamps and marshes occur in the area.

Beaches, within 20 miles of the plant, are a source of recre-ation, and fishing and boating are popular. Within 50 miles of the plant, less than half the land is used for agriculture with small truck, dairy, and poultry farms along with crops, including corn, soybeans, and tobacco. Most of the industrial 2

__ activity is in the Wilmington area (approximately 16 miles north of BSEP).

Sunny Point Army Terminal is located approxi-

~

mately 4.5 miles north of the BSEP and primarily transfers munitions, received by truck and rail, to ships. A ship channel in the Cape Fear River allows traf fic to Wilmington and the Atlantic Intercoastal Waterway intercepts the ship channel at Southport.

1.2 EN/IRONMENTAL M' ;I"0 RING PROGRAM The significant elements of the preoperational dose estimates were used to establish both the preoperational and operational surveillance programs. The program that evolved during preoper-ational surveillance and was incorporated into the Brunswick Environmental Technical Specifications is detailed in Table 1-1.

Figures 1.1 and 1.2 show the environmental monitoring locations.

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Below is a tabulation of the specific methods used in monitoring t."e various pathways of exposure to man.

Gaseous Fffluent Path Submersion Dose and Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Area Other External Dose Monitors Vegetation Path Vegetation Samples Soil Samples Air Samples Milk Path Milk Samples Vegetation and Cattle Feed Samples Air Sampics Inhalation Path Air Samples Liquid Effluent Path Fish and Shellfish Path Water Samples Botton Sediment Samples Aquatic Vegetation Samples Zooplankton Samples Benthic Organisms Fish Samples Oyster Samples Shrimp Samples Water and Shoreline Exposure Therm (lumincescent Dosimetry Arca Monitor.o Water Samples Bottom Sediment Samples Soil and Beach Sand Drinking Water Path Ground Water Samples

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....y. y y TABLE l-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM BRUNSWICK STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT Sample Sampling Sample Sample Type Sampling Point and Description Frequency Size Analysis Air 2-Information Center Weekly 300 cu. m. Iodine Cartridge 5-Caswell Beach at Pump Station (AC) 18-Southport near CP&L Substation 22-Sutton Plant

• 23-Projected Maximum Annual Concentration Point - NE 24-CP&L Substation on Construction Access Road i 45-On Site as l

Air 2-Information Center Weekly 300 cu. m. Week 1v-Cross Beta Particulate 5-Caswell Beach at Pump Station Guarterly Composite-(AP) 18-Southport near CP&L Substation Cama and Sr-80,00 22-Sutton

• 23-Projected Maximum Annual Concentra-tion Point - NE 24-CP&L Substation on Construction Access Road 45-On Site Aquatic 29 Ocean - 0.5 Mile East cf Seniaanual 500 grams Carma and Fr-89,90 Vegeta- Discharge Outfall tion 30-Ocean near Discharge Outfall (AV) 31-Ocean - 0.5 mile West of Discharge Outfall 42-Lower Cape Fear River Away from Plant Discharre *

• Control Station

TABLE 1-1 (cont ' d)

Sample Sampling Sanple Sample Type Sampling Point and Description Frequency Size Analysis Benthic 29-Ocean - 0.5 mile East of Semiannual 500 grams Gamma and Sr-89, 90 Organism Discharge Outfall (BO) 30-Ocean near Discharge Outfall 31-Ocean - 0.5 mile West of Discharge Outfall 42-Lower Cape Fear River away from Plunt Discharge

• Bottom 13-River Road at Intake Canal

• Semiannual 500 grams Camma and Sr-89,90 Sediment 29-Ocean - 0.5 mile East of i (SD) Discharge Outfall

% 30-Ocean near Discharge Outfall i 31-Ocean - 0.5 mile West of Discharge Outfall 33-Discharge Canal at Stilling Pond 34-Discharge Canal near the Plant Fish 30-Ocean near Discharge Outfall Quarterly 500 grams Garra (FH) 43-Discharge Canal Fodder and 35-Stevens Farm Monthly 500 grams ;n m a Feed 36-Lewis Farm (during (FO) 37-Johnson Farm

• growing season)

Food Crop 41-Highway 211 - 0.25 mile East Th ree pe r 5n0 grams Carra (FC) of Highway 133 growing 47-Site Varies

• season

• Control Station

I TABLE 1-1 (cont'd)

Sample Sampling Sample Sample Sampling Point and Description Frequency Size Analysis Type Ground 5-Caswell Beach at Pump Station Quarterly 4 liters Gamma and Tritium Water 25-Southport*

(GW) 26-Highway 87 - West Side of Discharge Canal 27-Highway 211 - West Side of Discharge Canal 28-BSEP - On Site - Well #1 35-Stevens Farm Milk 35-Stevens Farm Weekly 8 liters Weekly--Todine (MK) 36-Lewis Farm Monthly Composite -

37-Johnson Farm

• Catrr:a and Sr-89,90 Oyster 44-Lower Cape Fear River Semiannual 500 grams Camna (0Y)

Shrimp 46-Ocean near Discharge Semiannual 500 grans canna and Sr-89,00 (SH)

Soil 2-Information Center Every Three 500 grams Camma and Sr-99,on (SS) 10-State Road 1525 at RR Crossing Years 18-Southport near CP&L Substation 22-Sutton Plant 2 3-Proj ected Maximum Annual Concen-tration Point - NE 24-CP&L Substation on Construction Access Road

• Control Station

TABLE l-1 (cont'd)

Sample Sampling Sample Sample Type Sampling Point and Description Frequency Size Analysis Soil 27-liighway 211 - West Side of Every Three 500 grams Gamma and Sr-89, 90 (SS) Discharge Canal Years cont. 35-Stevens Farm 36-Lewis Farn 37-Johnson Farm

• 41-Ilighway 211 - 0.25 mile East of liighway 133 38-Caswell Beach - 0.5 mile East Semiannual 500 grams Gamma and Sr-89, 90 of Discharge Pipe 39-Caswell Beach at Discharge Pipe 40-Caswell Beach - 0.5 mile West of Discharge Pipe i

Surface 29-Ocean - 0.5 mile East of Monthly 4 liters Monthly - Cross Beta, Water Discharge Outfall Tritium and Gamma (SW) 3n r'cean near Discharge Outfall Quarterly Composite-31-L can - 0.5 mile West of Sr-89, 90 Discharge Outfall 32-Discharge Canal 48-intake Canal

• Terres- 2-Information Center Quarterly 500 grams (;am.ma trial 13-River Road at Intake Canal Vegeta- 27-liighway 211 - West side of tion Discharge Canal (TV) 37-Johnson Farm

• External 1-Junction of liighways 87 and 211 Ouarterly Not Applicable TLD Readout Radiation 2-Information Center (TL) 3-Junction of Ilighways 211 and 133 4-Standard Products Access Road Of f liighway 133 near Intercoastal Waterway

'* Co rol Station

TABLE l-1 (cont 'd)

Sample Sampling Sample Sample Type Sampling Point and Description Frequency Size Analysis External 5-Caswell Beach at Pump Station Quarterly Not TLD Revout Radiation 6-Sunny Point Access Road and RR Applicable (TL) Crossing cont. 7-Entrance to Old Brunswick Town 8-Highway 87 at Boiling Springs Lake 9-Exclusion Boundary, Dirt Road which intersects Highways 87 and 133 10-State Road 1525 at RR Crossing 11-Eastern End of State Road 1525 12-Exclusion Boundary on Construction i Access Road

- 13-River Road at Intake Canal 14-River Road Opposite I.D. Smith Resid:nce 15-River Road and State Road 1534 16-River Road and Site of Old Brown &

Root Construction Office 17-Southport - Fort Fisher Ferry Slip 18-Southport near CP6L Substation 19-Fort Fisher Ferry Slip 20-Kure Beach - Across from AFB Housing 21-Carolina Beach 22-Sutton Plant

• 23-Projected Maximum Anrual Concentration Point - NE Zooplankton 29-Ocean - 0.5 mile East of Discharge Semianrm 1 10 Prams Cama and Sr-99,90 (ZO) Outfall 30-Ocean near Discharge Outfall 31-Ocean - 0.5 mile k'est of Dischar Outfall 42-Lower Cape Fear R1 ver Away from Plant Discharge *

• Control Station

I I 2.0 PROGRAM

SUMMARY

The purposes of the Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program are:

- To measure any accumulation of radioactivity in the environment and to assess whether this radioactivity is the result of the operatioti of the Brunswick Plant.

I - To provide an evaluation of the environmental impact of operating I releases of radioactive materials from the Brunswick Plant.

- To compare population doses from environmental sample data with corresponding doses predicted in the Final Environmental Statement.

The Brunswick Plant's preoperational radiological monitoring was conducted from July 24, 1972, until plant startup in March, 1975, and data therefrom were reported to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in June, 1975.

The following locations are designated as the Control ocations for the respective measurements and are intended to indicate conr'it f ans I away from Brunswick Plant influence:

I L. V. SUTTON PLANT - 23 Mi. NNE (Sample Station 22)

Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Area Monitors Air Particulate Samples Charcoal Cartridge Samples - Airborne I-131 I I

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INTAKE CANAL (Sample Stations 48 and 13)

Surface Water Samples (48) at Plant Bottom Sediccac 3amples (13) at River Road SOUTHPORT WATER SUPPLY (Sample Station 25)

Ground Water Samples JOHNSON FARM - 14. 5 Mi . NNW (Sample Station 37)

Terrestrial Vegetation Samples Cattle Fodder and Feed Samples Soil Samples Milk Samples VARIABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM PLANT (Sample Station 42)

Plankton Samples Eent.' as Samples Aquatic Vegetation Samples

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VARIABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM PLANT (Sample Station 47)

Food Crop Samples

_ No control locations are designated for shrimp, oysters, or fish.

Table 2-1 summarizes the results of the environmental radiological monitoring program for calendar year of 1978.

'A M

TABLE 2-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM SUMMA Brunswict Steam Electric Plant 1kac k e t Numbers 324 and 12 5 Brunswica County, North Ccrolina Calendar Year 1978 Medium or Pathway Type & Minimum All Indicator location w/ Highest Annual Mean Control locations i of tk>n-Sampled or Measured Total f of Detectable locations (2) Name Mein Mean routine (Unit of Measure- Measurements Activity Mean Distance & Range (2) Range (2) Reported ment) Performed (MDA) (1) Range Direction Measure-ments f31 Air Cartridge 1-131 7.00 E-2 8.84 E-2 (6/312) On-site 1.29 E-1 (1/52) 9.50 E-2 (1/52) 0 (pC1/m ) 364 6.63 E 1.29 E-1 0.Ci c$. NNW (single value) (single value)

Air Particulate Gross Beta 2.00 E-2 1.46 E-1 (313/313) Vialtur's Center 1.55 E-1 (52/52) 1.56 E-1 (52/52) 0 (pC1/m ) 365 1 56 E 2.45 E+0 1.0 ml. SW E 2. E+0 1.94 E 2.82 E+0 Sr-89 2.00 E-3 6.77 E-3 (11/24) Visitor's Center 1.21 E-2 (1/4) 7.69 E-3 (2/4) 0 2o 1.46 E 1.24 E-2 1.0 mi. SW isingle value) 2.37 E 1.30 E-2 i . . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ . .__ _

H u Projected Max.

• Annual Conc.

Sr-90 5.26 E-4 1.75 E-3 (18/24) Point NE 2.33 E-3 (3/4) 1.36 E-3 (3/4) 0 28 8.61 E 3.56 E-3 0.6 mi. NE 1. 22 E 3.21 E-3 a.01 E 1. 86 E- 3 Camma 28 Mn-54 1.29 E-3 1.8 5 E-3 (1/24) On-site 1.85 E-3 (1/4) All less than MDA 0 (single value) 0.07 mi . fNW (single value)

Nh-95 2.00 E-3 8.03 E-3 (9/24) Caswell Beatii 's.90 E- 3 (2/4) 8.15 E- 3 (2/4) O 4.40 E 1.21 E-2 4.9 mi. SSW 7.71 E 1.21 E-2 8. 0 5 E 9. 4 3 E 'I Zr-95 6.00 E-3 6.76 E-3 (4/24) Visitor's Center d.84 E-3 (1/4) All l o s.s t ha n MM O 4.17 E 9. 75 E- 3 1.0 ml. SW ($1ngle value)

TABLE 2-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM St'MMARY Prunswick Steam Electric Plant Ibcher Numbers 324 and 325 Brunswick County, Nort h Caroli na Calendar Year 1978 location w/ Highest Annual Mean Control locations # of Non-Medium or Pathway Type 6 Minimum All Indicator Mean Mean routine Sampled or Measured Total # of Detectable locations (2) Name Reported Activity Mean Distance & Range (2) Range (2)

(Unit of Measure- Measurements Measure-ment) Performed (MDA) (1) Range Direction ments (3)

Air Particulate Canru (pC1/m ) 28 Ru-103 3.00 E-3 1.95 E-2 (6/24) Visitor'n Center 2.19 E-2 (1/4) 3.27 E-2 (1/4) 0 1,48 E 2.19 E-2 1.0 mi. SW (single value) (single value)

Southport Ru-106 3. 00 E- 2 3.09 E-2 (1/24) substation 3.09 E-2 (1/4) All less than MDA O (single value) 2.3 mt. SW s>tngle value) 6.32 E-1 (1/4) 7.26 E-1 (1/4) 0 I-131 3.00 E-3 5.82 E-1 (6/24) Visitor's Center 4.54 E 6.32 E-1 1.0 mf. SW (single value) (single value)

- - ' ~~

Southport Cs-131 1.30 E-3 3.31 E-3 (11/24) Substation 3.41 E-3 (2/4) 2.84 E-3 (1/4) 0

1. 6 3 E 5. 00 E- 3 2.3 mi. SW 1,73 E 5.09 E-) 1. 68 E 4. 2 8 E- 3

- --- -- -- - ' ^ -

Ba-140 1.00 E-2 1.22 E-1 (6/24) ra w l1 R. a h 1. 49 P -1 (1/4) 1.56 E-1 (1/4) 0 1.02 E 1.49 E-1 4.9 mt.

• SW (single value) (single v.ilue)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - -- ~ ^~

- - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Pro lected nur imum - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1;s-140 3.00 E- 3 1.57 E-1 (6/24) Mno,1 r, m . 1.77 E-1 (1/4) 1.PH F-1 (1/5) 0 Point NE 1.16 E 1.77 E-1 0. 6 M . M' N nple s.a l ue )

(~'!"El e v"i"e)

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Visit or's Cent e r 2.07 E-2 (1/4) 7.47 E-3 (1/4) 0 cc-141 3.00 F-1 1. 34 E-2 (6/24) 1.09 E 2.07 E-2 1.0 ml. SW (sintle valun) b i rg le va ! ie)

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M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE 2-1 ENVIRONMDfTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM StHMARY Brunswick St eam Elect ric Plant Doc k e t Ntrmbers 324 and 125 Brunswick County, North Carolina Calendar Year 1978 Medium or Pathway Type & Minimum All Indicator incation_w/ Highest Annual Mean Control locations f of Non-Sampled or Measured Total i of Detectable locations (2) Name Mean Nean routine (Unit of Measure- Measurements Ac t ivit y Mean Distance & Range (2) Range (2) Reported ment) Performed (MDA) (1) Range Direction Measure-sents (3)

Air Particulate Ca mna (pci/m ) 28 Ce-144 1.30 E-2 2.50 E-2 (16/24) On-site 2.90 E-2 (3/4) 2.41 E-2 (3/4) 0 9.54 E 4.68 E-2 0.07 mi. NNW  !.29 E 4.68 E-2 7.29 E 3.51 E-2 Aquatic Vegetation Sr-89 3.60 E-1 All less than MDA All lena than MDA All less than MDA 0 (pCi/ gram dry)( 5) 1 8 _ _ _ _

Sr-90 1.81 E-1 All less than MDA All less than MDA All less than MDA 0 1

Gamma N/A All lens than MDA All less than HDA All less than MDA 0 1

Benthic Organism Sr-89 2.5c F-1 All less than MDA All less t* ,n MDA All less than MDA 0 (pCi/ gram dry) 8 East of Dischar u Sr-90 1.28 E-1 1.14 E-1 (1/6) Outfall 1.34 E-1 (1/2) All less than HpA 0 8 (single value) 5 7 mi. SSW (single value)

Cama N/A All less than MDA All less t han P'DA All less than HOA 0 8

l

_ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ . . _ . . _ _ _ . _ _ _ ._ _ _ . _ - _ _ _ . _ . _ _ .__i 1 . __ . . --

N M E TABLE 2-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM SUKiARY Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Docket Numbers 324 and 325 Brunswick County, North Carolina Calendar Year 1978 Medium cr Pathway Type & Minimum all Indicator location w/ Highest Annual Mean, Control Incations I of Non-Sampled or Measured Total i of Detectable locations (2) Name Mean Mean routine (Unit of Measure- Measurements Activity Mean Distance & Range (2 ) Range (2) Peported ment) Performed (MDA) (1) Range Direction Measure-ments (3)

Bottom Sediment Sr-89 5.00 E-1 All less than MDA All less than MDA All less than MDA 0 (pC1/ gram dry) 12 S r- ]O 5.00 E-1 All less than MDA All less than MDA All less than MDA 0 12 Camma 12 Discharge Canal Mn-54 2.30 E-2 5.71 E-2 (3/10) near the Plant 1.13 E-1 (1/2) All less than MDA 0

' 2.42 E 1.13 E-1 0.17 mi. WSW (single value)

Discharge Canal Co-60 3.00 E-2 7.12 E-2 (2/10) near the Plant 1.19 E-1 (1/2) All less than MDA 0 2.74 E 1.19 E-1 0.17 ml. WSW (single value )

East of Discharge Cs-134 2.60 E-2 4.53 E-2 (3/10) Outfall 8.21 E-2 (1/2) All 1(.ss th w PDA 0

1. 89 E 8. 21 E-2 c.7 mi. SSW (single value)

Discharge Canal at Cs-137 2.80 E-2 2.70 E-2 (1/10) Stilling Pond  ?.70 E-2 (!/2) All less than M% 0 (alogie value) 4.9 ml. SSW (single value)

. . . _ - _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ._-.___ _...-. ._ _ _ . . _.- - . _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ - _ _ . - _ _ _ . .._._____a

TABLE 2-1 FNVIRONMENTAL RADIOLDGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM

SUMMARY

Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Docket Numbers 324 and 325 Brunswick County, North Carolina Calendar Year Medium or Pathway Type & Minimum All Indicator location w/ Highest Annual Mean Control locations i of Non-Sampled or Measured Total # of Detectable locations (2) Name Mean Mean routine (l' nit of Measure- Measurementa Activity Mean Distance & Range (2) Range (2) Reported ment) Performed (MDA) (1) Range Direction Mcasure-ments (3)

Fish Camru (pC1/ gram dry) 8 Zn-65 1.25 E-1 8.82 E-1 (1/8) Discharge Canal H.82 E-1 (1/4) No Control 0 (single value) 1.5 mi. WSW (single value)

Cs-137 7.00 E-2 1.54 E-1 (1/8) Discharge Canal 1.54 E-1 (1/4) No Control 0 (single value) 1.5 mi. WSW (single value)

Frufler and feed Gamma (pC1/ gram dry) 33 Mn-54 6.50 F.-2 1.37 E-1 (1/21) Stevens Farm 1.37 E-1 (1/9) All less than MDA 0 (single value) C.6 mi. SE (single value)

Nb-95 6.00 E-2 3.07 E-1 (6/21) 1.ewis Farm 3.09 E-1 (5/12) 2.51 E-1 (4/12) 0 1.59 E 4.99 E-1 13.0 mt. NNW 1.59 E 4.99 E-1 4.39 E 4.10 E-1 Zr-95 1.10 E-1 1.23 E-1 (2/21) lewis Farm 1.23 E-1 (2/12) 1.89 E-1 (2/12) 0 9.37 E 1.51 E-1 13.0 mi. NNW 9.17 r 1.53 E-1 1.75 E 2.03 E-1 Ro-101 5.50 E-2 4.97 E-1 (2/21) Stevens ra rm 5.90 E-1 (1/9) 3.79 E-1 (1/12) 0 4.04 E 5.90 E-1 0.6 mi. SE (= ingle value) (single value) w'*** +----em_ __e_....% _-_ .  %. ,. , , _,

TABl.E 2-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING FR(CRAM

SUMMARY

Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Dorket Numbers 324 and 325 Br unswick County, Nort h Carolina Calendar Year Medium or Pathway Type & Minimum All Indicator location v/Higheat Annual Mean Centrol locations # of Non-Sampled or Measured Total # of Detectable locations (2) Name Meen Nean routine (Unit of Measure- Measurements Activity Hean Distance & Range (2) Range (2) Reported ment) Ferformed (MDA) (1) Range Direction Measure-a.ent s (3)

Fodder and Feed Camma (pC1/ gram dry) 33 1-131 6.00 E-2 4.07 E-1 (1/21) Lewis Fa rm 4.07 E-1 (1/12) 4.67 E-1 (1/32) 0 (single value) 13.0 m!. NNW (single value) (single value)

Cs-137 7.00 E-2 2.71 E-1 (18/21) Stevens Farm 4.08 E-1 (8/9) 1.50 E-1 (5/12) 0 3.50 E 7.18 E-1 0.6 mt. SE 1.86 E 7.18 E-1 9.33 E 2.45 E-1 s Ba-140 1.65 E-1 6.45 E-1 (1/21) Lewfi Farm 6.45 E-1 (1/12) All less than MDA 0 (single value) 13.0 ml. NNW (single value) la-140 6.50 E-2 7.68 E-1 (2/21) lewis Farm 7.71 E-1 ,'1/12) 7.82 E 1 (1/12) 7.64 E 7.71 E-1 13.0 m t . NNW (ningle value) (single value) 0 Cc-141 6.50 E-2 5.83 E-1 (2/21) Stevens Farm 7.23 E-1 (1/9) 3.74 E-1 (1/12) 0 4.4 3 E 7.2 3 E-1 0.6 mi. SE (9 ingle value) (single value)

Ce-144 2.65 E-1 1.28 E+0 (10/21) 1.ewis Farm a.52 E40 (6/12) 1.41 E*O (7/12) 0 2.41 E 2.80 E+0 13.0 mi. NNV 5.54 E 2. 80 E+O 3.30 E 2.70 E+0

. . - . . - . - - - - - - . . - - - - . ------.-- - - - . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - . ~ . - . . . - - - - . - . - - - - - . - - . - - . - - . . - - - - - - . . . -

Food Crop Ca rtma (rCi/ gram dry) 7 Cg-137 7.00 E-2 All leg- th.in MbA All 1, " t h.m mA 6.06 E-] ( 3 / '. ) 0

_ . - . - _ _ _ - - - - . - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1---------.---.- i*O5 EI ~ 1*52 r*O - - - - - - - - -

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE 2-1 FNVIRONMENTAL RADIOIAGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM StrMMAHY Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Docket Numbers 324 and 125 Brunswick County, North Carolina Calendar Year 1978 Medium or Pathway Type & Minimum All Indicator Sampled c,r Measured Location w/H3 hest Annual Mean Control Incations i of Non-Total f of Detectable locations (2) Name Mean Mean routine (Unit of Measure- Heasurements Ac t ivit y Mean Distance 6 Range (2 )

ment)

Range (2) Reported

. Performed (MDA) (1) Range Direction Measure-ment s (1)

Cround Water Tritium 1.20 E+2 All less than MDA All less than MDA All less than HDA 0 (pci/1) 24 Camma N/A All less than MDA All less than MDA All less than MDA 0 24 Milk 1-131 5.00 E-1 1.63 E+1 (13/98) Icwfs Farm 1.97 E+1 (5/52) 2.17 E+1 (5/52) 2 (pct /1) 150 2.52 E 7.60 E+1 13.0 mi . NNW 3.79 E 7.60 E+1 3.03 E 8.18 E+1 g ___._ _ _ _

5 Sr-89 3.50 E+0 3.88 E+0 (4/23) Stevenn Farm 4.08 E+0 (2/11) 6.41 E+0 (2/12) 0 35 1.43 E40 - 4.35 E+0 0.6 mi. sE 3.81 E+ 0 - 4.15 E &O 3.65 E+0 - 8.96 E+0 Sr-90 5.00 E+0 7.22 E+0 (22/23) Stevens Fa r m 8.66 F#O (11/11) 6.87 E+0 (12/12) 0 35 2.78 E+0 - 1.12 E+1 0.6 mi. SE 2.98 E+0 - 1.32 E+1 5.08 E+0 - 9.84 E+0 Cama (9) i 1-131 8.00 E+0 5.61 E+1 (1/23) 5.61 E+1 (1/12)

Icwis Farm All less than MDA 0 (single value) 13.0 mi. NNW (sing.le value) cs-137 9.00 E&O 2.68 E+1 (20/21) Stevens Farm 1.59 F+1 (11/11) 1. 0 7 E+ 1 (7/12) 0 1.07 E+1 - 6.30 E+1 0.6 mi. SE 2.04 F+1 - 6.30 E+1 5.20 E+9 - 1.10 E+1

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE 2-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM

SUMMARY

Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Docket Numbers 324 and 325 Brunswick County, North Caroline Calendar Year 1978 Medium or Pathway Type & Minimum All Indicator location w/ Highest Annual Mean, Control locations I of Non-Sampled or Measured Total i of Detectable locations (2) Name Mean Mean routine (Unit of Measure- Measurements Activity Mean Distance & Range (2) Range (2) Reported ment) Performed (MDA) (!) Range Directton Measure-ments (3)

Oyster Gamma N/A All less th:an MDA All less than MP.A No Control 0 (pC1/ gram dry) 2 Shrimp Sr-89 1.10 E-1 All less than MDA All lean than MDA No Control 0 (pC1/ gram dry) 2 Sr-90 5.00 E-2 Al, less than MDA All less than MDA No Control 0 2

Gamma N/A All less than MDA all less than MDA All less than MDA 0 2

Soi! - 15cachsand Sr-89 5.00 E-1 All less than MDA All leiss than MDA No Control 0 (pC1/ gram dry) 6 Sr-90 5.00 E-1 All less than MDA All less than MDA No Control 0 6

Gamma N/A All lesa than FDA All less than MDA No Control 0 6

___ ______.___ ___ _______.._._1- ._ _.__.._______ ___ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ . _ . . . _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ . . _ . -

TABLE 2-1 FNVIRONMENTAL RADIO!K! CAL MONITORING PROGRAM

SUMMARY

Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Docket Numbers 324 and 325 Brunswick County, North Carolina Calendar Year Medium or Pathway Type & Minimum All Indicator location w/Hg hegt Annual Mean Control locations # of Non-Sampled or Measured Total # of Detectable Locations (2) Name Mean Mean routine (Unit of Measure- Measurements Activity Mean Distance & Range (2) Range (2) Reported ment) Performed (MDA) (1) Range Direction Measure-ments (3)

Soil (10) S r-89 5.00 E-1 All less than HDA All less than MDA All less than MDA 0 (pC1/ gram dry) 11 St-90 5.00 E-1 All less than MDA All less than MDA All less than MDA 0 11 Gamma 11 Nb-95 2.40 E-2 2.78 E-2 (1/10) Sutton Plant 2.78 E-2 (1/10) All less than MDA 0

' (single value) 23 mi. NNE (single value)

U ._ __ __ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _

t Information Ru-103 2.40 E-2 3.73 E-2 (2/10) Center 5.27 E-2 (1/1) All less than MDA 0 2.18 E 5. 2 7 E- 2 1.0 mt. SW (single value)

Cs-134 2.60 E-2 All less tht TA All less t%n "DA 2.41 E-2 (1/1) 0 (single value)

Cs-137 2.80 E-2 2.31 E-1 (9/10) Stenns Farm 6.30 E-1 (1/1) 3.04 E-1 (1/1) 0 3.61 E 6.30 E-1 0.6 mi. SE (single value) (91ngle value)

CP&L Substation on Construction Cc-144 1.99 E-!  !.98 E-1 (3/10) Access Foad 2.61 E-1 (1/l) All less than MDA 0 1.61 E-l - 2.61 E-1 (single value)

TABLE 2-1 ENVIRONMENT.4L RAD 10 Lot CAI. MONITORING PROGRAM SLEtARY ,

Brunswick Steam Elect ric Plant Docket Numbers 324 and 325 Brunswick County, North Carolina Calenef ar Yea r 1978 Medium or l'athway Type & Minimum All Indicator location w/ Highest Annual Mean Control locations f of Non-Sampled or Measured Total f of Detectable locations (2) Name Mean Mean routine (Unit of Measure- Measursments Activity Mean Distance & Range (2) RanRe (2) Reported ment) Performed (MDA) (1) Range Direction Measure-

. _ _ ments (3)

Ocean Near Surface Water Gross Beta 1.23 E+2 4.23 E+2 (4R/48) Discharge outfall 4.68 E+2 (12/12) 2.65 E+2 (12/12) 0 (pC1/1) 60 1.41 E42 - 9.55 E+2 5.7 mi. SSW 3.29 E+2 - 8.92 E+2 1.01 E+2 - 4.41 E+2 Sr-89 5.00 E+0 All less than MDA All less than MDA All less than MDA 0 20 Sr-90 5.00 E+0 All less than MDA All less than MDA All less than MDA 0 20 i Tritium 3.50 E+2 All less than MDA All less than MDA All legs than MnA 0 60 Gama N/A All less than MDA All le u than MDA All less than MDA 0 60 Terrestrtal Vegetation Gamma (pCi/ gram dry) 16 Mn-54 6.50 E-2 4. 5 L-2 (1/12) Visitor's Center 4. 50 E-2 (1/4) Allless than MDA 0 (eingle value) 1.0 mi. SW (= ingle value)

_ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ . _ . _ - _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _._ _ . . _ _ . . . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . . _ . _ . _ _ _ , _ _.___u_____.___;

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M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE 2-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOL /n?! CAL MONITORING PROGRAM St'MMARY Brunswick Steam Electric Plant Ibchet Numbers 324 and 325 Brunswick County, North Carolina Calendar Year Medium or rathway Type & Minimum All Indicator f.cration w/ Highest Annual Mean Control Iveations i o f Nm 3 Sampled or Measured Total f of Detectable locations (2) Name Mean Mean routine (Unit of Measure- Measurements Ac; t vity Mean Distance & Range (2) Range (2) Repo rt ed ment) l'e r f o rme d CPA) (!) Range Directton Measure-

_ . - . _ ments_(J_

Terrestrial Vegetation Cannu (pC1/grao dry) 16 Highway 211 West Side of I.a-140 6.50 E-2 1.87 E+0 (3/12) Discharge Canal 2.54 E+O (1/4) 7.85 E-1 (1/4) 0 1.11 E+0 - 2.54 E+0 1.5 mi. WSW (stogle valu . (single value)

Cc-141 6.50 E-2 7.08 E-1 (5/12) Visitor's Center 1.13 E40 (1/4) 4.!! E-1 (2/4) 0

1. 4 8 E 1.18 E +0 1.0 mi. SW (single value) 2.41 E 5.80 E-1 Hfrbvay 211 West Ce-144 2.65 E-1 1.47 E*O (11/12) SMe of Dbcharpe 2.13 E+0 (4/4) 0 8

3.99 E 2.89 E+0 1.17 E + 0 - 3.57 E*0 1.5 mi. WcW 6.20 E 2.89 E+0 Projected Mix.

Arncal Conc.

TLD TLD Ecadout 3.D0 E-1 1.24 E'+0 (81/81) Polnt NF 1. 5 4 F 4 0 ( './ 4 ) 1.17 F+0 (4/4) 0 (millirem per R5 ( 9.30 E 1.71 F+0 0.6 mi, NE 1,32 E40 - 1.71 E&O 9.70 E 1.26 F+0 week)

Zoeplanbron Sr-89 3.00 E+0 All less than MA All less than MDA All legg th.in M"A 0 (pCi/ gram dry ) 8

--.--.----...3.---.-..--.--.--. . . . - - - . - - - . - - - - - - - - . . . - - - -

Sr-9) 3.00 E+0 411 le m than W % All less t ha n "D A All less t;an PN O R

Garra N/A All Irw than M All leu than "

• Alt les= thn mA n

" f

._ . .]

I I Footnotes:

1. Minimum detectable concentration is that concentration of material that, in a given couni.ing time, would increase the readine, of the instrument by an amount equal to three times, the standard deviatton of the background recorded in that time.

2. Mean and range are based on detectable measurements only. The I fractions of detectable measurements at specific locations are indicated in parenthesis.

3. Measurements in excess, at the 99.5% confidence level, of ten t i e, I the control station value or ten times he minimun detectable acttvity (MDA), whichever is larger.

I 4. During the month of April, Sample Station 23 (pMAC) was collected twice during one week due to an unplanned release. The charcoat cartridge was only collected once that week because 131 1 was not one of the major radionuclides released.

5. Collections of aquatic vegetation samples were attempted, but except for a single case, these attempts were unsuccessful since there were I 6.

no permanent beds of same at the required sampling stations.

No sample was available at Sample Station 35 (Steven's Farm) during January, February, and March.

7. Sample Station 47 (Caylor's Garden) was resampled to coafirm cesium-137 analysis (see Section 3.3).

8. Five weekly samples from Station 35 were not available the month of January, 1978, due to the cow being dry. One weekly sample was lost I 9.

due to high fat content.

No milk was available at Station 35 the month of January, 1978.

10. Soil samples which are required to be collected at three-year intervals were collected and analyzed in 1978.

11. Seven TLD's were lost in field due to etting.

I I

I I

I 3.0 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS 3.1 AIR SA'!PLES ihe gross beta results for air particulate sanples collected during the year of 1978 are above the preoperational levels.

I All indicator station activities averaged 1.46 E-] pCi/m compared to 9.83 E-2 pCi/m which is computed over the entire preoperational monitoring period. However, the 1978 averay,e activity of control station samples also increased to 1.56 E-1 I pCi/m .

I The yearly average gross beta results for air particulate sampics for the indicator stations were 6.4% lower than the control station (Sutton Plant) yearly average. For the collection period ending March 27, 1978, the control station gross beta result was approximately 20% higher than all other indicator stations. This was during the time period of fall-out from nuclear tests conducted by the People's Republic of China on March 14, 1978. Excluding the week of March 27, 1978, from the yearly averages for all stations and comparing the control station to all indicator stations shows results similar I to the observations made during preoperational testing (see Table 3-1). Sample Station 22 (control station) has three coal-fired units for a total output of 652 net megawatts electrical.

It is well known that coal and oil tend to concentrate trace elements including heavy radioelements (radium, thorium, and uranium).

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Air particulate samples at the control station can be affected by atack emissions which cause some indicator stations to shew lower gross beta air particulate concentrationr in etmparison to the control se-**rr. (Station 22). It should be pointed out that gross beta results are primarily used for screening and long-term trends, but not dose measurements. Since air particulate locations are limited by the need to have electrical power aad to minimize theft or vandalism, Sutton Plant wan one of the better locations for a control station. With the preoperational data and better than three and a half years of operating data, differentiations can be made between plant operations or some other source of activity through quarterly composited gamma scans. Ilowever, a change to the technical specifications is being requested so a better location for a control station can be used.

The quarterly composite gamma scans for the air particulate samples frequently showed short-lived fission products. Using a T test at 99.5% confidence level, the control station is comparable to all indicator locations as summarized in Table 3-2.

The occurrence of these radionuclides and the higher gross beta results are not attributed to the operation of Brunswick Plant, but are a result of *,he nuclear tests conduct ed by the People's Republic of China on March 14, 1978, and September 17,

TABLE 3-2 Summary of Average Concentration and Frequency of Detection for RadJonuclides in Quarterly Composite Gacma Scans for Air Particulate Filters Sr-89 pCi/m Indicator Locations Control First Quarter 1.06 F-2 (6/6) 1.30 E-2 Second Quarter 2.33 E-3 (4/6) 2.37 E-3 Third Quarter 1.46 E-3 (1/6) <l.06 E-3 Sr-90 pCi/m

_ Indicator Locations Control First Quarter 1.55 E-3 (6/6) 1.31 E-3 Second Quarter 2.60 E-3 (6/6) 1.86 E-3 Third Quarter 1.08 E-3 (6/6) 8.01 E-4 I Mn-54pCi/mf Indicator Locations Control Second Quarter 1.85 E-3 (1/6) <3.07 E-3 1

Nb-95 pCi/m-Indicator Locations Control First Quarter 8.22 E-3 (5/6) 9.43 E-3 Second Quarter 7.79 E-3 (4/6) 8.05 E-3 Zr-95 pCi/m Indicator Locations Ccntrol First Quarter 7.63 E-3 (3/6) <6.00 E-3 Second Quarter 4.17 E-3 (1/6) <6.00 E-3 Ru-103 pCi/m 3 Indicator Locations Control First Quarter 1.95 E-2 (6/6) 3.27 E-2

---

m -m- --

TABLE 3-2 (continued)

Ru-106 pCi/m Indicator Locations Control Second Quarter 3.09 E-2 (l/6) <3.00 E-2 1-131 pCi/m Indicator Locations Control First Quarter 5.82 E-1 (6/6) 7.26 E-1 Cs-137 pCi/m Indicator Locations Control First Quarter 2.39 E-3 (2/6) <3.00 E-3 Second Quarter 4.26 E-3 (6/6) 4.28 E-3 Thirrl Quarter 2.49 E-3 (3/6) 1.68 E-3 Fourtl' Quarter 1.73 E-3 (1/6) 2.55 E-3 Ba-140 pCi/m Indicator Locations Control First Quarter 1.22 E-1 (6/6) 1.56 E-1 La-140 pC1/m Indicator L , cations Control First Quarter 1.57 E-1 (6/6) 1.88 E-1 Ce-141 pCi/m Indicator Locations Control First Quarter 1.34 E-2 (6/6) 7.47 E-3 Ce-144 pCi/m Indicator Locations Contiyl_

First Quarter 2.21 E-2 (4/6) 2.',9 E-2 Second Quarter 3.83 E-2 (6/6) 3.51 E-2 Third Quarter 1.17 E-2 (6/6) 7.29 E-3

1977. The arrival of the nuclear debris from these tests is shown by air particulate gross beta activit y data plotted in Figure 3-1.

Charcoal cartridges showed airborne iodine-131 at all sampling stations for collection period ending March 27, 1978. The concentre.tions for the indicator stations never exceeded the control station concentration by more than a factor of 1.36.

This activity was due to the March 14 nuclear test. For the remainder of the year, airborne iodine-131 was not detected at

~

any sampling stations.

The only radionuclide attributed to Brunswick operations for all air samples in 1978 was tanganese-54 Station 45 (en site) revealed manganese-54 at the concentration of 1.85 E-3 pCi/m for the second quarter.

This station was located A within 300 feet of the turbine building vents at approxinately the same elevation. This station was relocated to ground level on August 15, 1978, where its samples are now more indicative of environmental samples as opposed to process release samples. The following are doses and assumptions fron Regulatory Guide 1.109 for inhalatica of manganese-54 in air, using the average coacantration of .0013 pC1/m which includen typical minimum detectable activities for the first, third, and fourth quarters:

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Infant Child T e e n a ge_r_ Ad.u l t Inbalation (m /yr) 1400 3700 8000 H000 Inhalation Dase Factor (mrem /pCi) 7.14 E-4 4.26 E-4 2.48 E-4 1.75 E-4 Dose to Lungs (mrem /yr) 1.30 E-3 2.05 E-3 2.58 E ; 1.h2 E-1 3.2 MlLK SA>2LES Analysis of weekly milk samples showed measurable concentrations of iodine-131 in 13 of 98 indicator station samples and in 5 of 52 control station samples. The source for these act ivit ies, with the exception of two for the indicator stattone (Lvember 13 and December 25), is radioactive fallout from t he nuclear test conducted by the People's Republic of China on March 14, 1978.

Sample Stations 36 and 37 average concentrations were greater 3

than 4.8 pC1/1 for the first quarter of 1978, while Sample Station 35 was greater than 4.8 pCi/l for the second quarter i, of 1978. In both cases, reports were made to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in accordance with Brunswick Environmental Technical Specifications, Appendix B, Section 5.4.2.b. Milk samples from Stations 36 and 37 are taken from a composite of a sizeable comaercial dairy herd. Normally, these samples are composites of milkings over less than a two-day period. Milk samples at Station 35 are , ten from a single family cow which is normally composited over a seven-day period. This resulted in a lower concentration of iodine-131 for the collection period ending March 27, 1978. For comparing sample stat ions

in this particular case, the average concentrations from tim time period of initial detection until the concentrat lens are less than minimum detectable activity give a better perspective.

(See Table 3-3)

TABLE 3-3 Iodine-131 in Weekly Milk Sanples (pCi/1)

Collection Mk-35 Mk-36 Mk-37 (cont rol)

Date Stevens Farm Lewis Fa rm Johnsony Farm 3/27/78 12.8 76.0 81.H 4/3/78 60.6 16.1 17.7 4/10/78 30.4 4.94 7.51 4/17/78 6.61 0.836 1.19 4/24/78 1.42 <0.299 0.302 5/1/78 0. 3 5 0.379 <0.199

_ Six-Week Average Co nc ent ration

• 18.8 16.4 18.1

• MDA's are included in the above averages.

Sample Station 35 (Stevens Farm) revealed iodine-131 on November 13 and December 25 at the concentrations of 0.314 1 0.272 pC1/1 and 0.252 i 0.168 pCi/1, respectively.

The absence of iodine-131 at the milk control station, plus the close proximity of the Stevens Fa rm t o the Brunswick ,ite, and in the absence of another apparent source of activity, these concentrations are attributed to the Brunswick Plant.

The dose to an infant's thyroid for an entire year's intake of milk can be calculated using assumptions contained in Regulatory

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Guide 1.109. Using an iodine-131 concentration in milk of 0.212 pCi/1 computed from results of February through December samples analyses (excluding the six weeks of f allout ) fron Station 35, including minimum detectable activity concen-trations, the annual dose (to an inf ant) becomes 0.97 mRen/vr.

This thyroid dose is much lower than the corresponding dose estimate of 28 mrem /yr given in the Brunswick Final Environ-

=

mental Statement for this milk location.

Gamma isotopic analysis of the March composite from Milk Station 36 (Lewis Farm) indicated an iodine-131 concentration of 56.1 pCi/1. The control station (Station 37) was less than minimum detectable activity (<55.4 pCi/1). This high MDA is due to the composite sample activity being corrected for iodine-131 decay back to the middle of the sampling period (March 15, 1978). Sample Station 36 and Station 37 composited samples were counted on April 4 and April 10, respectively.

Gamma isotopic analyses of monthly composited milk samples re-exhibited the same general radionuclide concentrations as during the preoperational period. Milk Station 35 (Stevens Farm) continued to show elevated levels of cesium-137 in milk (11 of 11 samples) averaging 35.9 pCi/1, compared to the control station (7 of 12 samples) averaging 10.7 pCi/1, Fi;ure t 3-2 details the history of cesium-137 measurements at

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the Stevens Farm, dating back to 1972; the source cannot be attributed to Brunswick Plant effluents. The other milk station (Station 36) also showed low levels of cesium-13/ in milk (9 of 12 samples) averaging 15.6 pCi/l during 1978. The above averages are based on detectable measurements only.

Radiostrontium analyses indicated essentially no change in strontium-89 and strontium-90 levels in milk compared to corresponding preoperational levels. The 1978 average strontium-90 concentration in milk was 7.1 pCi/1, compared to 9.0 pC1/1 during the preoperational period.

Occasional occurrences of strontium-89 in milk during the year are given in Table 3-4. The April and May concentratlens probably include some fallout deposited radiostrontium.

TABLE 3-4

_ Detectable Strontium-89 in Monthly Milk Composites Date Station Sr (yCI/1)

January

• Johnson's Farm (37) 8.96 4 2.76 February I.ew i s ' Farm (36) 3.92 T 1.57 April Stevens' Farm (35) 4.35 i 1.29 April Lewis' Farm (36) 3.43 I 1.14 May htevens' Farm (35) 3.81 i 1.92 May

• Johnson's Farm (37) 3.85[1.90

• Control Station

J ll l 3.3 VEGETATION Terrestrial vegetation (leaves, grass, pine needles) and fodder samples (cattle feed) revealed short-lived fission products during the first six months of 1978. Using a T test at 95% confidence level, the control station (Station 37) in comparable to all indicator locations as summarized in Table 3-3.

TABLE 3-5 Summary of Terrestrial Vegetation and Fodder Crops for the First Six Months of 1978 Terrestrial Vegetation Indicator Stations Control Station Mean (Frequency) Mean (Frequency)

Radionuclide pC1/ gram dry pC1/ gram dry Nb-95 0.988 (5/6) 0.658 (2/2)

Zr-95 0.473 (5/6) 0.623 (2/2)

Ru-103 0.545 (5/6) 0.450 (1/2) 1-131 1.620 (1/6) <0.598 (0/2)

Ba-140 0.986 (2/6) <0.674 (0/2)

La-140 1.870 (3/6) 0.785 (1/2)

Ce-141 0.708 (5/6) 0.411 (2/2)

Ce-144* 1.470 (11/12) 2.13 (4 /4)

Fodder Crops Indicator Stations Control Station Mean (Frequency) Mean (Frequency)

Radionuclide pCi/ gram dry pCi/ gram dry Nb-95 0.307 (6/9) 0.251 (4/6)

Zr-95 0.123 (2/9) 0.189 (2/6)

Ru-103 0.497 (2/9) 0.379 (1/6) 1-131 0.407 (1/9) 0.467 (1/6)

Ba-140 0.645 (1/9) <0.378 (0/6)

La-140 0.768 (2/9) 0.782 (1/6)

Ce-141 0.583 (2/9) 0.374 (1/6)

Ce-144* 1.280 (10/12) 1.410 (7/12)

• Ce-144 is a longer-lived finsion product that was detected throughout the whole year.

These radionuclide concentrations in vegetation are att ribut ed to fallcut from the Chinese nuclear test of September 17, 1977, and March 14, 1978.

Cesium-137 was detected in 16 of 16 terrestrial vegetatton samples averaging 0.289 pCi/g for 1978. This is slightly lower than the preoperational average of 0.395 pCi/g.

Cattle fodder and feed (pasture grass) sampled monthly for 1978 exhibited cesium-137 activity in 23 of 33 samples averaging 0.171 pCi/g. Cesium-137 was detected more frequently due to nuclear testing, but the concentrations were lower than the preoperational average of 1.44 pCi/g.

Food crops sampled during growing season (May-July) exhibited cesium-137 activity 1.1 three of seven samples at an average concentration of 0.666 pCi/g. The food crep sample (l e t t uce )

at Station 47 collected on May 29, 1978, revealed cesium-137 at a concentration of 0.574 pC1/g (dry), which is approximately 50% higher than previous food samples. The sample was recounted and verified. The lettuce at sample Station 47 was resampled on June 19, 1978. The cosium-137 concentration was 1.12 pCi/g (d ry) . The second sample was washed and the roots were removed before sample preparation. Therefore, the resample was prepared

_ as man would consume it and revealed a higher concentration.

Food crop sample (cabbage) at Station 41 revealed the cesium-137 concentration to be less than minimum detectable act ivity.

It has been established by several investigators that cesium is so tightly bound by clay minerala of the soil, that root uptake is light, and foliar absorption is, therefore, the main portal of entry of Cs-137 to the food chains. The inflorescences of lettuce plants have a shape that tends to maximize ent rapment of fallout particles. It is for this reason that lettuce was found to have a higher concentration of Cs-137 than cabbage.

The source of Cs-137 is the fallout f rom Chinese nuclear test s.

For all vegetation samples, the only radionuclide that is attributed to Brunswick operations during 1978 is manganese-54.

Terrestrial vegetation (pine needles) at Station 2 (V is i t o r 's Center) revealed manganese-54 at the concentration of 0.045 pCi/g for collection date of October 2, 1978. Fodder sample (pasture grass) at Station 35 (Stevens' Farm) revealed manganese-54 at the concentration of 0.137 pCi/g for the collection period of September 4, 1978. These concentrations are less than a factor of 2.2 times higher than normal minimum detectable concentrations. The radiological impact on man is negligible.

1 Environmental Radioactivity, Merril Eisenbud, Academic Press, 1973, page 127. New York, New York. 2nd edition.

3.4 SURFACE WATER Radiostrontium, gamma isotopic, and tritium analyses of surface water samples during 1978 all yielded less than the minicumi detectable activity.

The 1978 annual average of the monthly gross beta activities for all indicator stations (423 pCi/1) was approxinately 601 higher than the annual average for the control station (265 pCi/1). Similar relationships were observed in 1976 and 1977, and is comparable to that observed during the preoperational surveillance program when the all-indicator annual average was 21% higher than that of the control station. Interpretation of surface water surveillance results is complicated by two interrelated factors which are tide and sampling methods. As established during the preoperational surveillance program, the gross activity of surface water can vary over an order of magnitude from that in relatively fresh water to that !n

_ seawater. The salinity of plant intake canal water hac been observed to vary from three to thirty parts per thousand as a result of tidal action in the Cape Fear estuary. The sampling method employed for the offshore ocean sampling points (Stations 29, 30, and J1) was one monthly grab sample. The intake canal (Station 48, control) was sampled by weekly grab sample composited for monthly analysis. The discharge canal (Station 32) was sampled by automatic sampler which drew six

daily aliquots composited for monthly analysis. Grab sanples of the of fshore ocean stations were generally not taken con-currently with grab samples of the intake canal. The submerged ccean outfall of the discharge canal is designed to provide a rapid tenfold dilution within an area of about 300 by 1,000 yards. Further dilution is provided by the tiaal and eddy drift currents in the area which averages 0.7 feet per second.

These considerations severely limit the usefulness of the three offshore ocean surface water sampling stations as indi-cators of plant-contributed radioactivity. A more meaningful comparison of the data at hand can be made between the discharge

-1 canal (Station 32) annual average gross beta activity and that of the intake canal (Station 48). The 1978 annual average gross beta activity for Station 32 is 302 pCi/1, about 14Z greater than that of the intake canal. A 14% increase for average gross beta activity from the intake to the discharge canal is comparable when considering the sampling method and the salinity of the water.

3.5 FISH The gamma analysis for fish samples collect:d during 1978 revealed only two radionuclides (cesit m-137 and zine-65) .

Sample Station 43 (discharge canal) revealed cesium-137 on July 2 at the concentration of 3.89 E-2 pCi/ gram (wet ) . The same location revealed zine-65 on November 16 at the concentration

---

i--s ii .- e i -

of 2.38 E-1 pCi/ gram (wet). These radionuclides are attributed to Brunswick Plant since cesium-137 and zine-65 are consistent vith the radionuclides being present in routine liquid releasen made during the second half of the year, and since no zinc-65 was detected during the preoperational period.

The dose for an adult's fish consumption for the entire year based on the assunptions of Regulatory Guide 1.109 for the maximum exposed individual and using the average concentrations, including minimum detectable activities in the edible portion, in.

FISil CONSLHPTION

• Dose Computed From \

Organ Sample Data Liver 0 093 mrem /yr.

Bone c.055 mrem /yr.

GI-LLI 0.021 mrem /yr.

Total Body 0.055 mrem /yr.

• Average concentration for cesium-137 and zinc-65 is 0.027 pCi/ gram wet and 0.097 pCi/ gram wet, respectively.

3.6 BENT 1{0S Benthic organisms co: ted semiannually and analyzed for radio-

, strontium and gamma emitters closely paralleled the corresponding preoperational results. Only one of the eight samples taken showed strontium-90 at a concentration of 0.134 pC1/g, which is considerably less than the preoperational data average of

0.398 pCi/g. All gamma and strontium-89 analyses yielded l e v.

than minimum detectable activity for 1978.

3.7 SHRIMP, ZOOPLANKTON, BEACil SAND, OYSTERS, AND GROUND WATER Shrimp, zooplankton, and soil (beach sand) collected semi-annually and analyzed for radiostrontium and gamma emitters revealed no measurable radioactivity.

Oysters collected semiannually and analyzed for ganma emitters revealed no measurable radioactivity.

Groundwater samples collected quarterly and analyzed for tritium and gamma emitters revealed no measurable radioacttvity.

3.8 SOIL The eleven soil samples (sampled at three-year intervals) were collected during the first half of the month of April, 1978, for radiostrontium and gamma analysis. All st ront lum-89 and

-90 results were less than minimum detectable activity.

The results of the gamma analysis revealed four short-lived fission products. (See Table 3-6)

TABLE 3-6 Summary of Short-Lived Fission Products Detected in Soil Samples Concentration Sacple Radionuclide pCi/g (dry) Station Nb-95 0.0278 SS-22 Ru-103 0.0527 SS-2 0.0218 SS-10 Cs-134 0.0241 SS-37 Cc-144 0.161 SS-2 0.172 SS-18 0.261 SS-24 Niobium-95 and cesium-134 were detected at sample stations that have been previously denoted as control locations (Sample Station 22 is the control station for air particulates, and Sample Station 37 is the control station for soils). These locations were selected because they are unaffected by plant releases; thus indicating that bcth niobium-95 and cesium-134 are not plant related. Sample results from 1975 revealed cerium-144 at an average concentration of 0.83 pCi/g (dry) which is higher than any of the concentrations observed fn 1978. Ruthenium-103 was detected at concentrations just above its detection limit. These radioncluides were also detected in other sample media during this same time period. Therefore, these short-lived fission products are attributable to fallout from nuclear testing conducted by the People's Republic of China on March 14, 1978.

Cesium-137 was detected in ten of eleven samples, ranging from 0.031 pC1/g dry to 0.63 pCi/g dry (see Table 3-7). Sar.p l e Stations 10, 23, 24, and 27 showed concentraticas at less than 0.09 pCi/g (dry) which are considerably lower than the other

~

six sample stations. These stations are very sandy with good drainage, and have been excavated or backfilled within the last five or six years. Cosium-137 at Sample Station 35 (Stevens' Farm) stands out in comparison to other sample stations. The disturbance of the soil at this sample st at ien has been minimal in contrast to all other sample stations.

However, it is still comparable to the preoperational data.

(See Table 3-8.)

I I TABLE 3-7 Cesium-137 Concentrations in soil Samples Cs-137 Sample Station Date Collected pC1/ r, (dr,s_)_

Information Center (SS-2) 4/4/78 0.295 State Road 1525 at Railroad Crossing I (SS-10) 4/4/78 0.069 Southport near CP&L Substation (SS-18) 4/4/78 0.344 Sutten Plant (SS-22) 4/4/78 0.111 PMAC (SS-23) 4/4/78 <0.040 CP6L Substation on Construction Access Road (SS-24) 4/4/78 0.0361 I liighway 211 - West Side of Discharge Canal (SS-27) 4/4/78 0.0829 Stevens Farm (SS-35) 4/4/78 0.630 Lewis Farm (SS-36) 4/10/78 0.314 Johnson Farm Control Station (SS-37) 4/10/78 0.304 liighway 211 .25 mi.

I East of Highway 133 (SS-41) 4/4/78 0.216 I

I I

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TABLE 3-8 Cesium-137 in Soil Samples at Station 35 (Stevens Farm)

Cesium .37 Date E Ci jf (d r,y)

June 4, 1973 0.52 June 5, 1973 0.94 April 4, 1974 1.60 March 21, 1975*

April 24, 1975 0.94 April 4, 1978 0.63

• March 21, 1975 - Brunswick Unit 2 achieved criticality, and went into commercial pro-duction on November 3, 1975.

3.9 BOTTOM SEDIMENT Bottom sediment samples collected semiannually at six locatiens are analyzed for radiostrontium and gamma e 'tters. There were only four radionuclides detected during 1978. (See Table 3-9.)

TABLE 3-9 Detectable Radionuclides in 1978 Botton Sediment Samples pC1/ gram (dry)

Sample Station Mn-54 Co-60 Cs-134 Cs-137 29 *<MDA <MDA .0821 <MDA 30 .0242 <MDA .0189 <MDA 31 <MDA <MDA .0348 <MDA 33 .0342 .0274 <MDA .0270 34 .113 .119 <MDA <MDA

• MDA - Minimum Detectable Activity

The radionuclides detected at Station 33 (Discharge Canal at Stilling Pond) and Station 34 (Discharge Canal near the Plant) are definitely attributed to Brunswick Plant. The cesium-134 activities at Stations 29, 30, and 31 (all ocean samples) are questionable as to the source. Bottom sediments are not consumed by man, therefore, no dose commitment estimates are given. However, it is documentation of trends in plant effluent.

3.10 EXTERNAL RADIATION DOSE Environmental dosimetry data do not show any significant changes from the correspo4 ding data of the past six years.

Stations 20 (Kure Beach) and 23 (projected highest X/Q location) continued to show the highest average doses which has been noted in previous reports.

M I

I 4.0 MISSED SAMPLES AMD ANALYSES 4.1 AQUATIC VEGETATION Aquatic vegetation samples were not :ollected at Sample Stations 29, 30, and 31 during the first semiannual period, nor at Sample Stations 29, 30, 31, and 42 during the second semiannual period. Collection of aquatic vegetation samples was attempted; but, except for a single case, these attenpts were unsuccessful since there were no percanent beds of same I at the required sampling stations.

I 4.2 F0DDER AND FEED Fodder and feed samples from Sacple Station 35 were not avail-able during January, February, or March, 1978. Attempts were made to collect these samples, but nothing was growing at this location.

4.3 MILK The five milk samples in January, 1978, from Sample Station 35 were tissed due to the cow being dry. One weekly sample, December 4, 1978, was lost in analysis due to high fat content.

4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL TLD'S The following thermoluminescent dosimeter results were missing in 1978:

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Quarter Sample Station Reason 1st 19 Due to wetting 2nd 3 Lost in field 3rd 10 Lost in field 3rd 19 Due to wetting 4th 10 Ie s t in field 4th 13 los t in field I 4th 20 Due to wetting I 5.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 5.1 GROSS BETA Gross beta radioactivity measurements are made utilizing a Beckman Widebeta II propartional counter. The minimum detectable levels (99% confidence level) are approximately 0.82 pCi per sample.

I Air particulate samples are mounted in two-inch stainless steel planchets and counted directly.

I Water samples are evaporated to a low volume, transf3rred onto a two-inch tared stainless steel planchet, then counted on the Widebeta II with appropriate self-absorption correction, based upon sample weight.

5.2 TRITIUM Liquid samples requiring tritium analysis are first distilled.

Five milliliters of the distillate are mixed with 10 ml of I

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I liquid scintillation cocktail, and counted on a liquid scintillation counter for 100 minutes. The sensitivities are approximately 320 pCI/ liter at a 99% confidence level.

5.3 10 DINE-131 Iodine-131 airborne concentrations are quantified by the I Ge(Li)-ND4420 gamma spectrometry system. The cartridges are placed in a special marinelli beaker and counted as a unit.

If any iodine-131 is detected, each charcoal cartridge is counted individually.

I Iodine-131 in milk is analyzed by use of anion exchange resin, sodium hypochlorite leach, and organic extraction. Iodine is precipitated as silver iodide, collected on a tared filter, dried, and counted on a beta gamma coincidence system. The minimum detectable concentration at time of count is less than 0.5 pCi/ sample at a 99% confidence level.

I 5.4 STRONTIUM-89, 90 Strontium is removed from environmental samples by the following methods: (1) leached with dilute acid from air filters, sediment, and soil; (2) direct precipitation from both fresh and saline water; and (3) absorption as Sr from milk and vegetation onto a cation exchange resin column.

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I In all cases, strontium is precipitated as strontium carbonate.

collected on a tared filter, dried, and counted on the Wide-I be:i II.

5.5 GAMMA SPECTROMETRY (Ce-Li)

Gamma spectrum analysis utilizes a lithium-drifted germanium detector with a thin aluminum window housed in a steel and Icad shield. The analyzer system is a Nuclear Data 4420 with ND812 computer. Table 5-1 summarizes minimum detectable concen-trations derived from instrument sensitivity, based upon a blank sample background at 99% confidence level.

Air particulate composites are fitted into a Petri dish and analyzed directly.

I Liquid samples are boiled down to a small volume, transferred to a polyethylene beaker, and analyzed directly.

I Bottom sediment and soil are dried, weighed, and then analyzed in a marinelli beaker.

I After cleaning, fish samples are boiled in order to separate I

the flesh from the bone. Oysters and shrimp are separated from any shell. These samples are then dried at 100 C, and I

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TABLE 5-1 Typical Minimum Detectable Concentrations Cc-Li Gamma Spectrometry Air Samples Cs-134 1.6x10jpCi/M Cs-137 1.6 x 10 Ba-140 5.2 x 10';'

La-140 3.2x10j Other Expected Gamma Emitters 1.2x10_}to 1.2 x 10 Water Sarnples Cr-51 80 pCi/1 I Co-58 Co-60 8

8 Mn-54 8 Cs-134 9 I Cs-137 9 Ba-140 30 I I2 -140 Other Expected Gamma Emitters 20 8 to 80 Soil and Bottom Sediments Cs-134 35 pCi/kg (dry)

I Cs-137 Cr-51 Co-58 35 280 30 I Co-60 Mn-54 Other Expected 30 30 30 to Gamma Emitters 300 Fish, Shrimp, Oysters, Benthos, and Vegetation I I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 13 pCi/kg (wet) 14 13 I Cr-51 Co-58 Co-60 110 12 13 Mn-54 12 I Other Expected Camma Emitters 11 to 120 I

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I I ground to produce a homogeneous mixture. These are placed in a polyethylene beaker and analyzed.

I Zooplankton, benthic organisms, and terrestrial and aquatic vegetation are dried at 100 C, ground, and placed in con-tainers to be analyzed.

5.6 THERMOLQ1INESCENT DOSIMETRY Each area monitoring station includes a polyethylene packet, within which is an opaque polyethylene bag containing five each calcium sulfate dosimeters, 12 mm diameter by 0.4 mm thick.

The packet is light tight and weatherproof.

I A standard annealing cycle is used to prepare the dosimeters.

Following receipt from the field, each dosimeter is read under nitrogen flow, utilizing Teledyne TLD-7300 Readers. This instrument integrates the light photons emitted from traps de-excited above 150"C. The lower energy traps are auto-I matically eliminated through a preheat cycle. Calibration is checked monthly using dosimeters irradiated to known doses.

Prior to, during, and following the measurement of each dosimeter batch, the instrument is checked through use of an internal constant light source as a secondary standard. The I

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I instrument background through dark current and other electronic noise is never greater than ten mrem equivalent, and is typically two mrem equivalent.

I The dose reported is corrected for dose received in transit and storage through the use of control dosimeters.

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