ML18219D225

Environmental Operating Report, October 25 Through December 31, 1974

ML18219D225
Person / Time
Site:	Cook
Issue date:	02/28/1975
From:	Indiana Michigan Power Co, (Formerly Indiana & Michigan Power Co)
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML18219D225 (171)

Text

ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT INDIANA &: MICHIGAN POtKR COMPANY DONALD CD COOK NUCLEAR PLANT UNIT 1 BRIDGMAN) MICHIGAN October 25, 1974 through December 31,.1974 Docket, No. 50-315 License No. DPR-58 g ~g l~+ ~w~ + +7 February 28, 1975

Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant Unit 1 Environmental Operating Report October 25, 1974 through December 31, 1974 I. Introduction II. Abnormal Environmental Occurrences III. Changes to the Environmental Technical Specifications IV. Physical Observations A. Intake and Discharge Structures

,B. Scour and Erosion Studies V. Chemical Discharges VI. Aquatic Studies A~ Zooplankton B. Phytoplankton C. Benthos Do Periphyton E. Fish F~ Intake Entrainment

1. Zooplankton

2. Phytoplankton 3 ~ Fish Eggs and 'Fish Larvae O'. Impinged Fish VII. Terrestrial Studies VIII. Environmental Radiological Monitoring IX. Meteorological Monitoring X. Summary Appendix A Visual Observations of the Intake and Discharge Structures.

Appendix B Chemical Discharges Appendix C Aquatic Monitoring Appendix D Terrestrial Studies Appendix. E Environmental Radiological Monitoring

Unit 1 of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant received Operating License No. DPR-58 on October 25, 1974. The license was at that time restricted to fuel loading. Amendment Number 1 to DPR-58, allowing operation at power levels not to exceed 81$

of rated thermal power, was issued on December 20, 1974. This amendment also included a revision to the Appendix A Technical Specifications which prohibited operation of the facility with the reactor critical until Indiana Bc Michigan Power Company was advised in writing that the Directorate of Regulatory Operations had found that. the installation of certain pipe restraints and steam jet impingement barriers had been satisfactorily completed. This was completed by January 13, 1975.

For these reasons, the unit was not in operation during the period. covered by this report.

0 There were no abnormal environmental occurrences during the period covered by this report.

III. C ro ent 1 Technical S ecificatio There was one change to the Environmental Technical Specifications during the period covered by this report.

Change No. 1, issued on December 20, 1974, added to Item 2 of Appendix B Technical Specification 2.1.1.3 the following sentence:

"The alarm instrumentation is to be installed not later than November 1, 1975."

This change was requested by John Tillinghast's letter of December 17, 1974 to Mr. A. Giambusso.

ia Ob ations A. Intake and,Discharge Structures Physical and biological observations of the intake and discharge structures were conducted on eighteen dive. from April through October. None of these dives took place during the period covered by this report. The most recent of the dives, numbers 17 and 18, were conducted on October 23 and

24. Details of the observations on these dives are included as Appendix A to this report. The observations are summarized below.

Riprap and structure at the middle intake appeared normal. Structures and riprap appeared normal everywhere 4'ide, except at the north discharge where a trough 10'ong, and 3'eep in the riprap on the east side of the structure was noted for the first time. Scour was not observed on the slot sides of the discharge structures.

ILzglaZa . P t th tp f th t t and on the riprap, being longer at the discharge structures than at the intake and longest (4") on the riprap between the discharge structures. Snails were common in the riprap and were patchy in distribution. One crayfish was seen in the riprap during the day. dive of the 24th. Four sculpin were observed in the riprap during the day dive and 50-50 in the riprap were seen at night.. No other fish were seen during the day dive. At night two young alewife were suspended in mid-water between the top and bottom of the intake crib, and two lake trout swam briefly into view. No fish eggs were found hy di t; in either dive. No rooted macrophytes were observed.

Periphyton on the structures and on the riprap was dominated JuLJlham no blue-green algae were present.

~J th ly g 1g B. Scour and Erosion Studies The program of monitoring Lake Michigan bottom scouring and ~horeli.ne erosion in the vicinity of th~

Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant continued to be in effect during the period of October 25 through December >1, 1974.

While post-removal monitoring was no longer required by the Army Corps of Engineers as of December 10, 1974, the Environmental Technical Specifications for the Cook Nuclear Plant require its continuance.

Lake bottom profiles are found by sounding normally during the period from April through October. The depth readings within the 13,000' 3000'rid for the month of August, 1974 showed no substantial scour other than the caused by normal lake movements. Weather conditions and mechanical difficulties precluded profile soundings after August.

The aerial survey of ten miles of shoreline continued on a monthly basis during the reporting period. The erosion of the shoreline bluffs and beaches which was observed could be accounted for by natural seasonal processes..

The semi-annual sounding program. for monitoring potential scour in the area of the circulating water intake and discharge pipes and structures did not produce a survey during the reporting period. The most recent survey, that of September, 1974, shows no significant scour patterns within the 1400' 2400'rid.

The one foot interval contour mapping of the Lake Michigan shoreline is made three times yearly, most recently in September 1974.. The 3 mile x 150'ap for that month indicated no unusual erosion patterns.

All of the survey i.nformation, as described above, in the form of profiles, aerial photos, soundings and mapping is available at the Cook Nuclear Plant.

V. C c res Small amounts of various chemicals were released to the lake and absorption pond during the period of this report. Appendix B to this report lists those chemical discharges.

VI ~

A. Zooplankton Regular preoperational surveys-were carried out in each month from April through October'he October survey was done on 9 October and preceded the reporting period. Foul weather during November used up the available boat time and precluded a November survey-B. Phytoplankton Regular preoperational surveys were carried out in each month from April through October. The October survey was done on 9 October and preceded the reporting pe. iod- Foul weather during November used up the available boat time and precluded a November survey.

C. Benthos Regular preoperational surveys were carried out in each month from April through October. The October survey was done on 9 October and preceded the repo ting pe'od. Foul weather during November used up the available boat time and precluded a November survey.

D. Periphyton In accordance with Table 4.1.2-~ on page 4.2-8 of the Technical Specifications, studies of periphyton were not carried out in 1974 and will not be resumed until 1977.

'ish h

E.

All fishing activities done during October 1974 n'e ~"

completed before the 25th and preceded the reporting period.

November fishing involved 30 collections of fi h larvae, 10 gillnet sets, 8 trawl tows, and 12 seine hauls. Incleme~nt weather used up the available boat time and resulted in day fish larvae tows at four stations being missed. Fishing activity during December was limited to ll gillnet sets.

The boat being used was not equppped to do trawling or fish larvae tows and ice on the beach precluded beach seining. These activities are presented in Appendix C.

Alewife i"ere the most abundant fish captured by trawling in November, only small numbers of spottail shiner, rainbow smelt, yellow perch, trout-perch, johnny darter, lake trout, slimy sculpin, and channel catfish were taken in addition. No trawling was done in December.

Spottail shiner was the most abundant fish taken by beach seining in November but its numbers were low. Trout-perch, rainbow trout, slimy sculpin, emerald shiner, longnose dace were also taken, but in very low numbers. No seining was done in December.

Lake trout were the most numerous fish taken by gillnetting in November. Smaller numbers of spottail shiner, yellow perch, and coho salmon captured. Species contributing very low numbers were alewife, trout-perch, white sucker, longnose sucker, brown trout, and chinook salmon.

Gillnetting in December showed spottail shiner to be the most abundant catch, but its numbers were not high. Yellow perch and white sucker contributed small numbers; rainboi.

smelt, trout-perch, longnose sucker, chinook'almon, burbot, and lake herring were very minor parts of the catch.

.F. Intake Entrainment

1. Zooplankton Much of the summer and fall was spent in developing and debugging sampling and analytical-methods. Several methods and places of sampling were investigated. Present evidence indicates that with three or less circulating water operation there is horizontal and vertical pumps'n stratification (and significant day-night difference) of zooplankton in the intake fore-bay; the most representative sampling position in this forebay is now being sought.

Extreme difficulty in getting a sampling pipe into the discharge forebay was encountered.

Whether or not the present sampling arrangement there can be maintained is not yet known.

Excessive mortalities of zooplankton (obtained in earlier tests) have been traced to pump damage and impingement onto the collecting net.

These conditions have been corrected and collections during January 1975 indicate average mortalities of about 104.

2. Phytoplankton In this category, also, emphasis has been upon methods of sampling,and analysis. Collection of water filtered for zooplankton appears to be adequate as a sampling method. Present evidence indicates no significant horizontal or vertical stratification of -phytoplankton, though additional tests will be run.

In order to ascertain the applicability of various methods of chlorophyll measurement, several techniques described by Strickland and Parsons (1972) were investigated.

Fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods were compared. The comparisons revealed the fluorometric measurement of chlorophyll g and phaeophytin a is impossible. Therefore, spectrophotometric techniques will be used in the measurement of these.

A preliminary check of samples recently collected for developmental purposes has confirmed the presence of chlorophyll g (4.75 mg/m 3 ),

chlorophyll Q (1.08 mg/m>) chlorophyll g (1.79 mg/m3), and phaeophytin g 0.80 mg/mD) . The optimum sample size has been determined to be one liter. Currently a laboratory investigation of incubation times required in order to observe any changes in the relative amounts of chlorophyll a and phaeophytin g with condenser passage, as indicative of damage to phytoplankton, is under way. This work should be completed by the end of February. Since an entrainment-study trip to the Cook Nuclear Plant is scheduled for that month, samples taken then will be incubated for an arbitrarily chosen period of 36 hours4.166667e-4 days <br />0.01 hours <br />5.952381e-5 weeks <br />1.3698e-5 months <br />.

3. Fish Eggs and Fish Larvae In November 94,306 gallons of intake water filtered in six experiments contained 6 fish eggs (unidentified) and 3 fish larvae (one each of trout-perch, alewife, and spottail shiner) . Our data are at present insufficient to show whether horizontal or vertical strat-ification of eggs or larvae exist.

4.. Impinged Fish In November four series of circulating water pumpings yielded 181 impinged fish. Of these 19 were yellow perch, 121 were alewives, 1 was a trout-perch, S were rainbow smelt, 1 was a spottail shiner, 30 were slimy sculpin, and 1 was a gizzard shad..

On 27 November pumping occurred but no fish samples were found.

Three runs of the pumps in December impinged 809 fish. Of these 493 were alewife, 254 were yellow perch, 9 were'spottail shiner, 2 were trout-perch, 3 were rainbow smelt, 31 were slimy sculpin, 13 were gizzard shad, 1 was a quillback, and 3 were channel catfish.

On 8 December no pumping occurred but fish samples were found.

The fish impinged in November had a total weight of 1,113.8 grams. Of these 450.7 were yellow perch, 275.6 vere alewife 18.3 were trout-perch, 27.2 were rainbow smelt, $ .8 were spottail shiner, 316.5 were slimy sculpin, and 16.7 were gizzard shad.

The fish impinged in December had a total weight of 15,516.8 grams. Of these 12,644.8 vere alewife, 2,397.7 ver'e yellow perch, 19.4 were spottail shiner, 18.7 were trout-perch, 30.7 were rainbow smelt, 199.7 were slimy sculpin, 157.8 were gizzard shad, 6.2 were quillback, and 41.8 were channel catfish ~

Some of the details of the aquatic studies are attached as Appendix C.

Three runs of the'pumps in December impinged 809 fish. Of these 493 were alewife, 254. were yellow perch, 9 were spottail shiner 2 were trout-perch, 3 were rainbov smelt, 3i were slimy sculpin, 13 were gizzard shad, 1 was a quillback, and. 3 were channel catfish.

On 8 December no pumping occurred but fish samples were found.

The fish impinged in November had a total weight of 1,113.8 grams. Of these 450.7 were yellow perch, 275.6 were alewife 18.3 were trout-perch, 27.2 were rainbow smelt, $ .8 were spottail shiner, 316.5 were slimy sculpin, and 16.7 were gizzard shad.

The fish impinged in December had a total weight of 15,516.8 grams. Of these 12,644.8 vere alewife, 2,397.7 were yellow perch, 19.4 were spottail shiner, 18.7 'were trout-perch, 30.7 were rainbow smelt, 199.7 were slimy sculpin, 157.8 were gizzard shad, 6.2 were quillback, and 41.8 were channel catfish.

Some of the details of the aquatic studies are attached as Appendix C.

VII . S s Terrestrial studies have been in progress at the Cook Nuclear Plant site since May, 1973 'ince they have not previously been reported, Appendix D contains a report on these studies for the period of -May, 1973 through December figures to accompany this report are still in preparation, 1974.'ome and will be forwarded to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission when they are ready.

The classical studies of ecological succession on sand dunes of Lake Michigan by Cowles and Olson were carried out south of the Cook Nuclear Plant. Site, but the principals of vegetational change which they represent apply clearly to this tract. In the past, land=became available for flora inhabitation as the lake level dropped and the shore lines receded. Evidently, much of the surface of the Cook Nuclear Plant Site land has been available for vegetation for several thousands of years. The more stabilized areas have developed a mature association of hardwoods (chiefly black and white oak) with a shrub layer of blueberry and huckleberry, or where exposure conditions are suitable, a mixture of hardwoods and conifers with a rich herboceous community on the forest floor. However, the sparsity of sugar maple and the virtual absence of beech from the Cook Nuclear Plant Site seems to indicate little, if any, tendency for the dune vegetation to develop the classical beech-maple climax forest that is perfectly exemplified in the Warren Woods tract some 12-15 miles inland to the southeast.

The irregular contouring, and the elevation differential (from a high of 761 feet to a low of 598 feet),

while not so extreme as in the region south of the Cook Nuclear Plant Site, is nevertheless sufficient to provid e wetlands in depressed areas behind and among the older stabilized dune ridges away from the present shoreline. This has created alternative sequences to the normal succession from pioneer beach grasses thr'ough dune-building shrubs to pine and eventually to oak communities, and has permitted the establishment of wet meadows, shallow marshes and shrub swamps, giving added diversity to the landscape.

The organization of nature is such that different Cook Nuclear Plant communities support differing assemblages of animals, and successional changes in vegetation inevitably involve associated changes in the resident fauna. To date the investigations of invertebrate and vertebrate animals on the Cook Nuclear Plant Site have been primarily inventorial and descriptive, but they will serve as a useful basis of com-parison for subsequent monitoring. Also, to the extent that most of the recognized habitats on the Cook Nuclear Plant Site can be related to each other in terms of successional stage,

many of the differences in faunal composition should provide guidelines for evaluating changes in kinds and numbers of animals in the future. Changes in the composition of both the flora and the fauna would be expected to occur on the Cook Nuclear Plant, Site even in the course of natural existence. Some of these changes will'be due to unforeseen and chance events, accidents of nature, some to continued human disturbance and intervention, and some to predictable successional trends.

Since the Cook Nuclear Plant was not in operation during the period covered by this report, the Environmental Radiological Monitoring program would not be expected to show any radioactivity attributable to the presence of the Cook Nuclear Plant. Appendix E to this report contains the data from the program for the period July, 1974 through December, 1974, inclusive. The data shows the expected seasonal variations in the background radioactivity, as well as some activity from above ground nuclear weapons testing.

i IX. rloi i0

=The meteorological instrumentation has been transferred from its'preoperational site on th~ tower north of the Cook Nuclear Plant to its operational location .on, the microwave tower east of the Cook Nuclear Plant. Various difficulties with the instrumentation during and after this transfer prevented the accumulation of much of the data for the period covered by this report. The data was not required, either for the calculation of offsite radiation doses, or for thermal plume mapping. The conditions that caused this data loss have been corrected, and meteorological summaries will be included in the next Environmental Operating Report.

x. ~smngzz Due to the fact that the Cook Nuclear Plant .

was not in operation during the period oi this report, little, if any; environmental Monitoring has borne effect would be expected.

out this expectation. These has been no discernible adverse environmental impact attributable to the existence of the Cook Nuclear Plant.

Visual Observations of the intake and Discharge Structures October 23 and 24, l974-

OBSERVATIONS 24 OCTOBER 1974

~Ph sinai - Horizontal visibility at working depth was 10-.12 feet. Water temper-ature was a constant 13.0 C throughout the water column. Current was from the southwest and was quite slow. Secchi disc reading was estimated to be between' and 4 meters. Conditions were good for diving despite the previous several weeks of rough seas.

were examined carefully. The riprap was examined surrounding the crib and a transect was swum 10-15 degrees west of south to the south discharge structure, so a relatively through check of the riprap area was made. On the east side of the north discharge structure a trough in the riprap was noted for the first time, although it may have been present but not visible, on previous dives. The trough was centered on the middle of the crib and its approximate dimensions were 10 feet long by 4 feet wide by 3 feet deep. The bottom was about 2 feet wide and covered with sand; the sides consisted of 3-6 in. riprap. It is possible that this trough formed as a result of eddy currents during pumping, or as a result of westerly wave action as the waves were divided by the crib then merged behind it. It also appeared as though sand was encroaching on the northeast side of the north dis-charge riprap area. Ten to 20 feet of the northeast base of the crib was sur-rounded by sand. A diver dug 12 inches into the sand but did not encounter rip-rap. The deposition of sand in this area may be the result- of longshore transport of sand combined with eddy current deposition of sand during pumping. Aside from these observations, nothing unusual was observed in terms of the riprap. Scour was not observed on the slot sides of the crib (although pumping had not taken place since the 30 day run in August check this out with pumping data).

seen on the intake structure. The riprap between the two discharge structures structures (20 foot contour) was much more luxurient than that seen in the area of the intake structures (30 foot contour). Perhaps this is related to light levels. ~Ph sa were observed on the south and east sides of the riprap area, and were patchy in their distribution. One crayfish was observed when turning over riprap. Four sculpin were observed in the"riprap during the course of the dive.

'No other fish were seen. Fish activity was evidently low in the area at this time.

Rooted macrophytes were not observed, although patches ofaccumulated organic material (roots, dunegrass, tree branches, etc.) were noted. However, these accumulations were not unusually large or dense.

A periphyton sample was collected from the riprap. This sample was later examined and identified by Beth (McFeeley) Bowman.

Diatoms: Cocconeis sp.

Diatoma tenue ~Ooc stis sp.

Melosira sp. Blue Greens: None Navicula sp.

Nitzschia sp.

S 0

OBSERVATIONS 23 OCTOBER 1974 (night dive)

~Ph sical - Horizontal visibility at working depth was approximately 4 feet (with underwater lights). Water temperature was a constant 13.0 C throughout the This relatively warm temperature indicated that significant cooling and water'olumn.

mixing with hypolimnetic waters probably had not yet taken place at this date.

Current was from the south at approximately 1 ft/sec. on top of the crib. Weather was calm at the time of the dive and the air temperature was 16.7 C (62 F). It should be noted that this weather was unusual in that 5 weeks of rough seas had preceded this dive. This rough weather may have temporarily disrupted the typical inshore distribution of fish characteristic of the fall. The previous statement is presented simply as a consideration, since our data for 1974 may not indicate any unusual distribution of fish in the area. Secchi disc was estimated at 3 meters.

layer appeared to be of average thickness, which seemed a little unusual in view of the prolonged turbidity which would have accompanied the several weeks of rough weather preceding this dive. Nothing unusual was noted pertaining to the riprap.

in. in length. No bare patches were observed. Floe layer was of medium density eggs but none were observed. Current and swells were noticeable on top of structure.

I in length. Floe layer was of medium thickness. On two separate pieces of riprap, bryozoa were observed to be growing on the sides and particularly underneath the rock. The combination of high oxygen levels, clean water, dim light and little silt accumulation (on sides of riprap) probably provide a suitable habitat for bryozoa. This was the first observation by divers of bryozoa in the area (the organism was also observed the next day in the discharge structure area). It is now apparent that upon casual examination, bryozoan colonies and snail egg masses might be confused. Samples should be collected and examined microscopically.

Little organic debris was encountered and no macrophytes were observed. Snai.ls

(~Ph sa) were common but were patchy in distribution. Ho crayfish vere -observed or uncovered in the riprap which is )'ust opposite to earlier observations (summer).

Crayfish activity may have slowed with the seasonal change to cooler weather and water temperatures.

Five to ten large sculpins were observed on top of the crib. These fish could be approached to within inches and swam only a foot or two upon being disturbed.

Density on top of the crib was estimated at 1 sculpin/2-3 square yds. One sculpin was observed resting on the angled iceguard. 30-40 large and 20-30 medium-to-small sculpins were observed resting among the riprap. Distribution among the riprap was not even. Possibly the fish are attracted to each other or certain areas. Also, the sculpin seen on this dive were among the largest specimen ever observed, and the population appeared to have increased since the previous dives. If an increase had indeed occurred, it might be related to the cooler waters and seasonal depth distribution. Sculpin did not appear to exhibit any activity (feeding, etc.) rather they appeared to be resting since they could be approached so closely.

Two lake trout (1 large, 1 medium) were observed briefly when they swam into the range of our underwater lights. These fish appeared to be swimming randomly (rather than feeding, spawning, etc.) and may have been attracted to the lights out of curosity. Eggs were not observed among the riprap, although the dive took place during the spawning season. Gonad condition observed during October and .

November should be related to the time of this dive to determine whether, at the time of the dive, most trout had already spawned or were still ripe. It seems that the riprap could present a suitable spawning area, so visual observation"for eggs is important in determining when and where spawning may take place. Two young of the year alewife were observed suspended in the water halfway between the top and base of the crib. No other species of fish were observed.

As was previously mentioned, ~Ph sa were numerous .In one area, 10 snails were counted in a,90 degree angle sweep of a diver's forearm (this equals a snail count of 80/sq yd which is a rough estimate of only visible snails the true density could be several, times greater). Again, distribution was patchy with some areas apparently devoid of visible snails.

Periphyton samples were collected from the top of the crib and from the riprap.

These samples were later examined and identified by Beth (McFeeley) Bowman.

To of Crib ~R1 za Greens: Greens:

None Blue Greens: Blue Greens:

None None Diatoms: Diatoms:

~Cbe11a sp.

Asterionella formosa Melosira sp.

Navicula sp.

~Cbella ventricose (dominant) Nitzschia sp.

'iatoma tenue Surirella ~an usta One piece of riprap covered with a Melosira varians several square inch mass of freshwater Melosira sp. sponge was collected. Sponge was Navicula sp. colored green due to the association Nitzschia sp. with Zoochlorella. Specimen was collected on the southwest side of Ste hanodiscus minutus the crib.

Ste hanodiscus tenuis

~Snedra sp.

Tabellaria fenestrata

Chemical Discharges c r e I

Period: 10-25-74. thru 12-31-74.

A. Specification 2.2.12 No Chlorination Of Circulating Mater System B. Specification 2.2.2.2 h

1. Phosphate = 100 pounds (Heating Boiler Blowdown Only-

2. Morpholine 0 No Phosphate in Steam Generators)

3. Ammonia 2.1 II C. Specification 2.2.3.2 r o

1. Sodium Sulfate 6800 Pounds Absorption Field

2. Boric Acid 0 Lake

3. Detergents 0. Lake D. Specification 2.2.3.2 cont Discharge to Lake and Absorption Pond

1. Turbine Room Sump Composite Data (Flow Estimated)

Sodium - 281 Pounds Calcium - 311 pounds Magnesium - 271 pounds Sulfate - 264 pounds Chloride - 965 pounds

'otal Solids P097 pounds

2. pH Valves on Sump Discharge Composite Low 6.8 High - 8.2

3. Chemicals Other than Spent Regenerants to Absorption Pond Boron - 400. pounds Nitrite -- 16 pounds Ammonia 0.3 pounds Hydrazine - 0.06 pounds

Aquatic Monitoring, ST. JOSEPH RIVER M~

BENTON ARBOR ST. JOSEPH LAKE Ml CHI GAN BEACH SEINE'TATIONS A,B,F 6E>M>L~Q~ R g IN I ~ o STEVENSVILLE C3GRAND ERE LAKES J

86'50'M ggoOO~

~R A

DONALD C. COOK D NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (UNDERWATER INTAKE AND CMg DISCHARGE STRUCTURES SHOWN)

WECO BEACH M I CHI 6 AN O

~ W BRIDGMAN H~

F~ <*STATE PARK Yi'ARREN DUNES METERS 0 5000 Map of the Cook Plant and Warren Dunes study areas in southeastern Lake Michigan 1973.

Abbreviations and station identifications:

Stations A - .North of the plant in 0-2 m depth B >> South of the plant in 0-2 m depth C - South of the plant in 6.1 m depth D - South of the plant in 9.1 m depth E -i- Off the plant in 21.3 m depth F - At Warren Dunes in 0-2 m depth G --- At Warren Dunes in 6.1 m depth H --- At Warren Dunes in 9.'1 m depth R - North of the plant in 6.1 m depth 9 - North of the plant in 9.1 m depth W - Off Warren Dunes in 21.3 m depth Numbers in catch F'= Few (1-9 fish)

M = Hany (10-50 fish)

A = Abundant (more than 50 fish)

When numbers are given they are the exact number of fish.

Abbreviations of fish names are given in the following table.

Scientific name, common name and abbreviations for all species of fish captured from Cook Plant study areas in southeastern Lake Michigan from May 1972 through January 1974. Fish were taken with netting gear unless other-wise noted- Names assigned according to'Bailey et al,. 1970. An X denotes presence in that year.

Scientific and common name Abbreviation 1972 , 1973 Acipenseridae Acipenser ~Zuescens Rafinesque LG X Lake sturgeon Amiidae Amia calla Linnaeus BF Bowfin Clupeidae AZosa pseu~harengus (Wilson)

Alewife Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur) GS Gizzard shad Salmonidae Coregonus cz'tedii Lesueur Lake herring or Cisco Coregonus cZupeafozmris (Mitchill) LW Lake whitefish Coregonus rwyi (Gill) BL Bloater Pr osopium cu Zinc'raceum (Pallas) RW Round whitef ish Oncor~r'"P~s .ki sutch (Walbaum) CM Coho, s~~on Oncorhync&~s tshcmytscha (Walbaum) CH Chinook salmon SaZmo gairdneri Richardson RT Rainbow trout SaZmo trutta Linnaeus BT X Brown trout SaZueZinus namaycush (Walbaum) LT Lake trout Osmeridae Osmerus mor~~ (Mitchill) SM Rainbow smelt Umbridae Umbra Zimi, (Kirtland)"

t Esocidae Central xnudminnow Esox Zucius Linnaeus Northern pike

Scientific and common name Abbreviation 1972 1973 Cyprinidae Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz) LC Lake chub Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus CP X Carp Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill) GL X Golden shiner Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque ES Emerald shiner Notropi s hudsonius (Clinton) SP Spottail shiner Pimephales promelas Rafinesque PP X Fathead minnow

~ Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes) LD Longnose dace Catostomidae Carpiodes cyprinus (Lesueur) X Quillback Catostomus 'catostomus (Forster) LS X Longnose sucker Catostomus commersoni (Lacepede)

White sucker

. Moxostoma macrolepidotum (Lesueur) SR Shorthead redhorse Ictaluridae Ictalurus melas (Rafinesque) BB X X Black bullhead Ictalurus natalis (Lesueur) YB Yellow bullhead Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) CC X Channel catfish Percopsidae Percopsi s omiscomaycus (Walbaum) TP Trout-perch Gadidae Lota iota (Linnaeus) X Burbot Gasterosteidae Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus) NS X Ninespine stickleback

Scientific and common name Abbreviation 1972 1973 Centrarchidae Amb7opHtes rupestris (Rafinesque)

Rock bass Leporr's cyane7-7us Rafinesque GN X Green sunfish Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus)> PS Pumpkinseed LeD07cis macrochirus Rafinesque BG Bluegill doXonrieui Lacepede

'icropterus SB Smallmouth bass Mi cropterus saZmoides (Lace'pede) LB Largemouth bass Fomoms niaromacu2atus (Lesueur) BC Black crappie P. annuEaris, White crappie WC 1974-Percidae Ztneostoma nigmon Rafinesque JD Johnny darter Ferca fuzvescens (Mitchill) YP Yellow perch Stizosteaion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill) WL Walleye Cottidae Co ms bairagi Girard MS Mottled sculpin Co us coanatus Richardson-- SS Slimy sculpin

Field Fish Larvae Collections (These collections have not yet been processed)

NOVEMBER 1974 Station Date Day D) or Ni ht (N) De th in meters A 26 D 0 26 D 0 26 N 0 26 N 0 26 D 0 26 D 0 26 N 0 26 N 0 26 D 0 26 D 0 26 N 0 26 N 0 10 N 0.5 10 N 2 11 N 4 11 N 5.5 10 N 0,5 10 N 2.5 10 N 4.5 10 N 6.5 10 N 8.5 G 10 N 0,5 10 N 2 10 N 4 10 N 5.5

'H 10 N 0,5 10 N 2.5 10 N 4.5 10 N 6.5 10 N 8.5 Inclement weather prevented day larvae tows at stations C, D, G, and H.

Field Fish Collection Activities NOVEMBER 1974 Date e of collection Station Status 10 Night gillnet H Processed, 29 Day gillnet H Processed 10 Night gillnet G Processed 29 Day gillnet G Processed 29 Day gillnet E Processed 10 Night gillnet D Processed 29 Day gillnet D Processed 10 Night gillnet C Processed 29 'Day gillnet -C Processed 26 Night gillnet A Processed 10 Night trawl H Processed 10 Night trawl H Processed 10 Night trawl G Processed 10 Night trawl G Processed 10'0 Night trawl D Processed Night trawl D Proc ess ed 10 Night trawl C Processed 10 Night trawl C ~ Processed 26 Night seine F Not Processed 26 Night seine F Not Processed 26 Day seine F Not Processed 26 Day seine F Not Processed

,26 Night seine B Not Processed 26 Night seine B Not Processed 26 Day seine B Not Processed 26 Day seine B Zero Catch 26 Night seine A Not Processed 26 Night seine A Not Processed 26 Day seine- A Not Processed 26 Day seine A Not Processed

Field Fish "Collection Activities DECE11BER 1974 No seining or trawling was carried out in December.

Date T e of collection Station Status 20 Day gillnet A Processed 20 Day gillnet C Processed 24 Night gillnet C Processed 20 Day gillnet D Processed 24 Night gillnet D Processed 20 Day gillnet E Processed 24 Night gillnet E Processed 20 Day gillnet G Processed 24 Night gillnet G Processed

. 20 Day gillnet H Processed 24 Night gillnet H Processed

PISH MONTHLY FIELD DATA REPORT Month Nov. 1974 Trawl Data Station D Date 10 10 10 10 Time

~Secies Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 F F M M M F M M SP 1 F 2 2 SM F F F 2 1 3 F F TP 3 1 JD F 2 WS LT LS RT SS F 1 .2 BT ES LD CP CH Misc.

CC Zero Catch No Fishin X X X X X X X X X X X X No fishing occurred at Station R or at any other station during the day because of inclement weather.

Rl ~ Replicate 1; R2 ~ Rep1.icate 2

PISH MONTHLY FIELD DATA REPORT Month Nov. 1974 Seine Data Station B Date 26 26 26 26 26 26 Time Da Ni ht Da

~Seckes Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 Rl R2 SP -F 1 F F SM YP TP WS LT

,XC LS RT SS BT ES 1 1 1 2 CP CH Misc.

Zero Catch No Fishing Rl ~ Replicate 1 R2 ~ Replicate 2

FISH MONTHLY FIELD DATA REPORT Month Nov. 1974 Gillnet Data Station C C D D Q Q R R G G H H Date 29 '0 29 10 29 10 29 10 Tilde D N D N D' D N D N D N

~Secures SP F 2 F .3 SM YP F 3 F 1 F TP JD WS LT 1 M 1,, M XC LS 1 2 RT SS BT ES LD CM CP CH Misc.

Zero Catch

,No Fishing X X . X X

FISH MONTHLY FIELD DATA REPORT, Month Dec. 1974 Gillnet Data Station C C D D Q Q R R G G H H Date 20 24 20 24 2O 24 2O 24 Time D N D N D N D N D N D N

~Secies SP

" F F M F 1 SM YP TP JD WS F 3 1 F LT LS RT SS BT ES LD CM CP CH BR 2 2 1 2 LH Zero Catch No Fishin X X X X

Fish Larvae Entrainment Sampling NOVEMBER 1974 Larvae are defined as being less than 25.4 mm in total length.

Depth, Pumping Gallons No. of Larvae 20 Intake 5 5 11~190 0 TP 1 20 Intake 5 5 10~317 0 AL 1 20 Intake 5 5 14 459 . 0 21 Intake 1 9 18,350 6 SP 21 Intake 5 9 24,375 0 21 Intake 9 9 15,615 0 0

Monthly Field Report - - Impinged Fish, Numbers by Species (weight in grams)

NOltF%3ER 1974 Species Date 18 19 20 21 27 YP 4 7 3 5 (14.4) (172.7)(183.5 (80.1) 16 96 TP 1 8 (2. 0) (22.9) (42 ')(208 1

')

(18. 3)

SM 4 2 2 (8. 0) (4. 2) (15. 0)

SP 1 (8. 8)

SS 11 6 3 10 (57. 6) (45. 5) (26. 6) (186.8)

GS 1 (16. 7)

Monthly Field Report Impinged Fish, Numbers by Species DECEIVER 1974 Date Species'P 8b 19 31 12 350 131 (334. 3) (6989.5) (5321.0) 3 174 77 (7. 5) (1865.4) (524. 8)

SP 8 1 (9 8) (9. 6)

TP 1 1 (7. 2) (11.5)

SM 3 SS 2 (30. 7) 18 ll (32.5) (110.2) (57. 0)

GS 12 1 (141. 0) (16.8)

QL 1 CC 3 (6 2)

(41. 8) a = pumping occurred but no fish samples were found.

b = no pumping occurred but fish samples but fish samples were found.

Terrestrial Studies February ll, 1975 PROGRESS REPORT ON STUDIES OF THE TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY OF THE DONALD C, COOK POWER PLANT SITE, BRIDGMAN, MICHIGAN, FOR THE PERIOD MAY 1973 THROUGH DECEMBER 1974 Francis C. Evans Principal Investigator

TABLE OP CONTENTS'.

1. 2. 2 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY PAGE A. Summary of Results ......,....,,.....,...,,

2. Study Sites,.........,......,...,...,,

3. Vegetation and Floristic Studies ...,.,

Invertebrate Studies,....,......,...,.

Amphibian and Re tile Studies .....,... 7I'.

Bird Studies ....,....,...,...,,...,...

7. Mammal Studies ...,......,.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ... ~ 7

8. Absor tion Pond Studies,...,...,...,,. 8 B. Methods of Sampling,,,...,.....,.....,..., 8

1. Vegetation ...,,,...,....,...,...,..... 8

2. Invertebrates,...,...,......,......... 11

3. Amphibian and Reptiles .......,.. ll

~ r s Birds ~ ~ 11 5 Mammals,...,.......................... ~ 12

6. Absorption Pond,,..................... 12 C. Results of Sampling,...................... 13

1. Vegetation ...,,...,,,....,...,......,. 13

2. Invertebrates ...........,...,,...,.... 15

3. Amphibians and Re tiles,,,...,...,...,

Birds .................................

5 Mammals ............................... 17

6. Absorption Pond ....................... 23 D, Conclusions and Discussion,......,........

E. References ..........................,..... 25

4.1.2.2 Terrestrial Ecolog A. Summar of Results

~ll M. 2 Surveys and collections of plant and animal material in the course of eight study visits (three in 1973, on May 29-31, July 24-26, and August 28-30, respective-ly, and five in 1974, on June 18-20, June 26-27, July .15-18, August 12-14 and October 26-27, respectively) have resulted in the recognition of the following habitat types:

Industrial (Switchyards, parking lots, buildings)

Barren Habitats Beach Blow-out Recently Disturbed (sand pits, road cuts)

Open Water (Absorption Pond)

Wetlands Shallow Marsh Wet Meadow Shrub Swamp Herbaceous (with Grass)

Herbaceous (with Brush)

Forest Upland Hardwoods Lowland Hardwoods Coniferous Mixed (Hardwood-Conifer) Mesophytic An aerial photograph of the Cook Power Plant Site, taken on August 3, 1973 and enlarged to a scale of approximately 200 feet to the inch (kindly provided by Mr. Donald Macke, Director of the Visi.tors Center at the Plant), has been used in the preparation of a vegetation cover map (to be completed shortly) delineating the boundaries of the various habitat types.

2, Study Sites Fourteen study sites, representing the open water, shallow marsh, herbaceous-grass, herbaceous-brush, upland hardwoods, lowland hardwoods, and mixed mesophytic forest habitat types, were established for quantitative and qualitative studies of vegetation, invertebrates and verte-brates (amphibians and reptiles, birds, mammals). Table 4.1.2.2 -=-1 gives the study site number, habitat type involved, and the kinds of organisms sampled at ea~ch. Site locations will be indicated on the cover map. Brief descriptions of the several study sites are given below:

a II

3~

TABLE 4.1.2.2,- 1

/

STUDY SITE NUMBER, HABITAT TYPE, AND KIND OF SAMPLING DONE AT EACH SITEp COOK POWER PLANT TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY SURVEY, 1973-74 r

KINDS OF ORGANISMS SAMPLED STUDY SITE HABITAT , SOI NUMBER ., TYPE PLANTS TEBRATES ANLNALS BRATES Herbaceous (with Brush) X

2. Herbaceous (with Brush) X 3~ Upland Hardwood Forest X 4, Upland Hardwood Forest X Mixed Mesophytic Forest X

6. Mixed Mesophytic Forest 6a. Absorption Pond X Herbaceous (with Grass) X

8. Lowland Hardwood Forest X

9. Shallow Marsh X X

10. Upland Hardwood Forest X Upland Hardwood Forest

12. Upland Hardwood Forest X

13. Herbaceous (with Brush)

14. Herbaceous (with Grass) X

a. Site 1. Herbaceous with Brush . This is located, at 600'leva on, on an a an one e n Che northeast; corner of the Plant property 15-20 yards north of Lakeway Drive (now overgrown). The sandy soil has a dense cover of herbs and grasses, which are being invaded by aspep, sassafras and oak.

,b. Site 2. Herbaceous with Brush . This is in an open glade a e wes en o e o e containing Site l.

Scattered white and black oaks, white pine and black gum form an open canopy above a heavy cover of bracken fern and blue-berry. "The elevation is about 600~ .

c. Site 3. Upland Hardwood Forest. This site lies of s s ua e on op of an east-west ridge 500'est e an dune at an elevation of 635~. Black and white oaks form a crown cover of approximately 904 and the underlying shrub community is dominated by blueberry, greenbrier, bracken fern and wintergreen.

d, Site 4. Upland Hardwood Forest. This site is located on a dune over oo c ng a e 0 c gan, approximately.150'outh of Cook Cottage (now abandoned) in Che extreme northwest corner of the Plant Site, at an elevation of 650<. Basswood and red oak are dominants, accompanied by white and black oaks, sassa-fras and chestnut oak, with an'herbaceous layer containing much poison ivy, greenbrier and false Solomon~s Seal.

e. Site 5, Mixed Mesoph Cic Forest. This site is located on a steep nor ac ng s ope o a une ridge in Che southwest corner of the Plant Site, about 100 yards north of Livingston Road and 200 yards east of the lakeshore, a short distance northeast of an abandoned cabin. The highest point on the ridge in this vicinity is at an elevation of 690'; the slope descends Co 610~. Scattered hemlock and pine are mixed with sugar maple, basswood, black cherry, and black and white oak; some of the Crees reach a height of 60-80 feet and Che crown cover is virtually complete. There is a rich ground flora with hepatica, evergreen wood fern, wood betony, sarsaparilla, trillium, and other characteristic species.

f. Site 6. Mixed Meso h tic Forest. This site lies about 300 yar s nor an east o S e , on a northeast-facing ridge slope descending from a maximum elevation of 744'o 605~

at Che southern margin of Che Absorption Pond. The slope is covered with a thick shrubby tangle of greenbrier, maple-leaved viburnum, and various Cree seedlings. 'he crown cover is about 80-90 per cent complete; the dominant Crees are black and white oaks, mixed with basswood, tulip poplar, sugar maple, ash and hemlock, and some of Chem attain a height of 60-70 feet. Ground cover is not quite so dense as in Site 5, but includes a similar assemblage of mesophytic species.

it

5'

g. Site 7. Herbaceous with Grass . This site 's an elliptica epress on apparen y excavated as a sand mine) about 200 yards south of the Visitors Entrance to the Plant Site,'ying immediately Co the west of Thornton Road; its depth is about 20 feet, and the bottom is distinctly moist in spring and early summer. The rim of Che depression is bordered by poplar, cherry, silky dogwood, and staghorn sumac, and its upper slopes have a dense cover of grasses and herbs which become sparse at Che bottom.

h. Site 8. Lowland Hardwood Forest. This site is 400 feet nor wes o e an es on a s ightly raised surface at about 625 ft. elevation; it is bordered on the south by a drainage ditch running east to the larger ditch at the edge of Highway I-94. White and red oaks dominate this site, but Chere are also some pin oak and silver maple. Greenbrier, blueberry and maple-leaved viburnum form a shrubby layer, and wintergreen is abundant on Che forest floor.

Site 9. Shallow Marsh. This site lies in the south-east corner o e P an e property, immediately to the east of Che road which serves as an exit from the Plant onto Livingston Road.- The marsh covers approximately 4.5 acres and ia generally coverdd by water, Co a depth of 2-3 feet, for most of the year but may dry oui completely in prolonged drought. The central part of the marsh is dominated by several species of bulrush and by soft rush, but Chere is a diverse flora of sedges and grasses, herbs and shrubs around Che margins.

Site 10. Upland Hardwood Forest. This site lies on a dune kno ee eas o e upper switchyard, in the east-central part of the Plant Site, and .rise5l to an elevation of 660 feet. Nhlte and black oaks form a fairly dense canopy on Che upper slopes, with a blueberry-wintergreen association dominant in the more open areas of the lower west-facing slopes.

This site was used primarily for trapping small mammals.

k. Site 11. Upland Hardwood Forest. This. site lies on the eastern s ope an op o a une r ge running from south-west to northeast in,the central part of the Plant Site; is located immediately northwest of Che upper switchyard and reaches a maximum elevation of 6/0 feet. The forest community consists primarily of black and white oaks, sassafras and witch'azel, with a dense shrub layer of blueberry and green-brier. This site was used primarily for small mammal trapping.

1. Site 12. Upland Hardwood Forest. This site is located on Che sou - ac ng s ope o an o une lying between the Absorption Pond and the parking area to the northeast of the Pond; it was used chiefly for trapping small mammals. Black and white oaks are the dominant canopy trees, and beneath them is a fairly dense community of shrubs and herbs very much like that at Site 11.

6;

m. Site 13. Herbaceous with Brush. This site is located on the=sou marg n o e arge sw c yard in the central area of Che Plant Site. At an elevation of 600<<625 feet, it is low enough to be inundated during the spring and early summer.

Willow and elderberry form a Chick shrub community, and the Cem'porary pools provide breeding grounds for toads and frogs.

This site was used primarily for bird-banding operations.

n. Site 14. Herbaceous with Grass. This, site lies immediate y eas o e par ng o or the upper switchyard; it is located 1n a small west-fac1ng valley (elevation 610 feet) below a folded dune ridge. Grasses and herbs form a 'dense cover bordered by shrubs such as w1llow and meadowsweet. This site was used primarily for small mammal trapping.

3. Vegetation and Floristic Studies Quantitative investigations of vegeta-tion composition and structure have been carried out in the following habitat types: Upland Hardwood Forest (Study Sites 3 and 4), Mixed Mesophytic Forest (Study Sites 5 and 6), Her-baceous with Brush (Study Sites l and 2), and Herbaceous with Grass (Site 7). Details are presented in Appendix Tables A4.l.2.2 Numbers 1- through 27.

An inventory of vascular plants on the Plant Site has resulted in the identification of 299 species of trees, shrubs herbs and grasses. This is presented in Appendix Table A(.1.2.2 - 28; it probably covers at least 90 per cent of the present flora and includes approximately 100 species, not listed for the adjoining Grand Mere area (Ref. ).

A much smaller, list; of; mosses, i

lichens and .fungi is presented in Appendix Table A4.l.2.2 29; collection of these plant groups is not yet complete.

4. Tnvertebrate Studies Satisfactorily quantitative collection of invertebrates with sweep-nets has not yet been possible on.

Che sit'es studied to date. Quantitative samples of inverte-brates collected in pit-Craps were made in Herbaceous and Lowland Hardwood Forest habitats; analyses will be presented in Appendix Tables A4.1,2.2 Numbers 30 and 31. Sampling of invertebrates in Che Shallow Marsh habitat were made in July 1974; the results are presented in Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 -36.

Xn June and October, 1974, samples of insect aggregations found in beach drift were obtained, and analysis of which will be presented in Appendix Table A4.l.2.2 37.

7 0

5. Am hibian and Reptile Studies C

Although 27 species of amphibians and reptiles are known Co occur in Berrien County (Table 4.1.2.2 - 6),

only. eight species have been observed Co date on the Cook Plant Site. The amphibians included Che red-backed salamander, American toad, spring peep'er, wood frog, bullfrog, and green frog; Che reptiles included Che snapping turtle and the box turtle.

6. Bird Studie's One hundred and twelve species of birds have been observed to date on Che Cook Plant Site and adjoin-ing lands; a species list, with brief comments on occurrence, is presented in Table A4.1.2.2 32.. Of these, 15 can be categorized as permanent residents, 50 as summer residents, 5 as winter'esidents and 42 as migrants. Relatively little time was available for bird -study during Che spring and fall migration periods, and many more migratory species records can be, expected if further effort is made (cf. Che list of 235 year period, as given in Ref. i b1rd species recorded for the Grande Mere area over a 36-

).

Two hundred and forty<<five individuals belonging Co 42 species of birds were banded and released at Che Plant Site between June 18 and November 4, 1974. The numbers of each species banded are presented in Table 4.1.2..2 - 3.

Banding operations were carried out immediately south of Study Site 9 (adjacent to Che Shallow Marsh area) and in the moist area (Herbaceous with Brush habitat) at Study Site l3.

Thirteen specimens of four species of shorebird (K13fdeer, Sanderling, Ruddy Turnstone, and Black-Bellied Plover) were collected at the Plant Site and adjacent vicinity and an analysis of their stomach contents was made; the results are presented in Table 4.1.2.2 - 4. Insects appeared to make up Che vast ma)ority of Che 1,058 individual prep items.

Some effort was made Co secure records of migratory waterfowl in the fall of 1974. Small flocks of Mallard, Black Duck, Scaup, Scoters, and Mergansers were seen offshore from Che'Plant Site and vicinity at intervals from late September through early November'. No large concentrations of ducks in the area have been recorded to date.

7. Mammal 'Studies To date, fifteen species of mammals have been recorded at Che Plant Site, based either on captures or on sight records and indirect eviden'ce such as tracks and seats.

A list of

- species and numbers caught is presented in Table 4.l.2.2 5.

8.

Small mammal trapping was callused out in Upland Hardwood Forest (Study Sites 10, ll and 12) and Herbaceous (Study Sites 7 and 14) habitats in May, June, July and October of 1974. The results ar presented in Appendix Table A.4.1.2.2 - 38. White-Footed Mice were cap-tured at all Study Sites trapped; Meadow Voles and Short-Tai3.ed Shrews were taken only in Herbaceous habitats.

8. Absor Cion Pond Studies Floristi,c surveys ofthe margin of Che Absorption Pond, which had been created in 1972, were made in August 1973 and August 1974. An inventory of Che invading species of vascular p"ants is presented in Appendix Table A4.1,2.2 - 33. Twenty-nine species were recorded, including grasses, herbs, shrubs and even seedlings of trees. Rapid invasion of Che recently disturbed margin is indicated.

Pond phytoplankters were sampled at several depths near the center of Che pond and near its shore in July 1974. An analysis of the samples is presented in Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 - 34. Green and blue-green algae were quite abundant, and flagellates and diatoms were also encountered, Pond zooplankters were also sampled, but identi-fication and counts have not been completed.

Samples of the pond benthos were also taken in July 1974. A list of the principal taxa encountered and their densit;ies per square foot of bottom surface are presented in Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 - 35. A considerable variety of insect larvae and nymphs were found, as well as some large predaceous backswimmers (Notonectidae), diving beetles (Dytiscidae) and dragonfly (Aeschnidae) nymphs. .Thus it is evident Chat within a year or Cwo of its creation, Che Absorption Pond was maintaining an active aauatic ecosystem with primary producers, herbivores and several levels of carnivores.

B. Methods of Sam ling

l. Vegetation The vegetat;ion of Upland Hardwood (Study Sites 3,4), Mixed Mesophytic (Study Sites 5, 6) and Herbaceous-Brush (Study Sites 1,2) habitats was studied in sample'lots (20 m. x 20 m.) or transects (50-60 m. x 6 m.).

Plants were identified to species, classified as Co life form

~

trees, saplings, seedlings, herbs) and measured for dbh diameter at breast height) and/or height of plant when appropriate. ~

9.

it A woody plant had a stem dbh of at least 3.5 inches.

was considered a tree All trees in a if given plot or transect were recorded and Che density and basal area for each species present were calculated.

Saplings were also identified and measured through each plot or quadrat. A tree species was considered Co be a sapling if it had a stem dbh greater Chan 0.5'nch but less than 3.5 inches. Saplings were subdivided into size classes as shown in Table 4.1.2.2 - 2.

their Tree species qualified as seedling stem dbh was less than 0.5 inch, provided that their if height was at least 6 inches. The subdivisions of Che seed-lings by size classes are given in Table 4.1.2.2 2.

Seedlings and herbs were counted within quadrats. At Study Sites 1, 2, 3 and 4, ten meter-square quadrats, placed at random, were used in each plot in estima-tion of herbs. At sites 5 and 6, circular quadrats with a 1-meter radius, were placed at regular intervals (15-20 feet) along Che midline of the transect and were used for estimating both seedlings and herbs.

The data gathered. at each site were handled as follows: for trees, Che number of trees per hectare, the relative density of individual species, Che basal area per hectare, and Che relative dominance of individual species.

Relative density and relative dominance were calculated as fol" ows:

Relative Density Number of Crees of an individual species X 100 To a num er o a rees Relative Dominance - Basal" area of an individual species X 100 Tota asa area o a spec es Data for saplings and seedlings were also used Co obtain estimates of Che number of stems per hectare and the relative dens"ty of each species, applying the same formula employed for tree data analysis.

Herb data were treated to yield relative frequency values for each species, according to Che following formula:

Relative Frequency = Number of occurrences of a single species X 100 o a num er o occurrences o a spec es Biomass data were obtained for herbaceous vegetation in Study Site 7 by clipping at ground level in 0.5,m.

x 0.$ m. quadrats. Clippings were stored in paper bags and and weighed after being oven-dried for 24 hrs. at 60'.

TABLE 4.1.2.2 2 SEEDLING AND SAPLING SIZE CLASSES SEEDLING SIZE CLASSES I - 6 1n.. to <4.5 ft. 1n ht.

II - 4,5 ft. 1n ht. and <0.5 1n. dbh.

SAPLING SIZE CLASSES III - 0. 5 1n. to <1. 5 1n. dbh.

IV - 1.5 1n. to <2.5 1n. dbh.

V - 2,5 1n. to <3.5 1n. dbh,

Vascular plant species were determined by James G. Bruce. Specimens were compared with material in Che collections of the University of Michigan Herbarium. Dr.

Edward G. Voss sexved as consultant.

Mosses and lichens were identified by Dr. 'Howard A. Grum. Dr. Alexamder H. Smith determined the'ungi.,

2. Invertebrates Insects in flight or resting on vegeta-tion were generally collected with a net. However, quantita-tive invertebrate samples obtained with a sweep-net were not generally feasible on most of Che Study Sites, because of the nature of Che vegetation.

Invertebrates moving across the surface of the ground were collected by means of "pit-traps," wide<<

mouthed pint gars containing a small amount of water and. sunk 1nto the ground so as to be level with the soil surface.

These Craps were inspected early in the morning and were al-lowed to run for 24 hrs. between examinations. At inspection, all invertebrates were transferred Co alcohol vials and taken Co Che laboratory for subsequent study.

Samples of invertebrates inhabiting Che Shallow Marsh habitat (Study Site 9) were obtained by placing two-foot lengths of plastic onduit piping with a 6-in. dia-cs meter firmly and rapidly on Che substrate; to avoid escape by the resident animals; a piece of sheet-metal was Chen worked under the piping and held firmly against Che bottom during transfer of the contents Co a bucket. Samples were then taken to the laboratory for hand-sorting. Specimens were subsequent-ly preserved in 704 alcohol.

invertebrates were determined with the aid of keys and descriptions given in Borror and DeLong (Ref. 2 ) and Pennak (Ref. 8 ). Dr. Irving J. Cantrall identi-fied several species of Orthoptera. Dr. Henry Van der Schalie identified the Mollusca.

3. Am hibians and Reptiles Only a few voucher specimens of amphibian and reptile species have been collected so far. Preservation, methodology followed that of Etheridge (Ref. + ).

4. Birds Bird observations were made at int'ervals from May to November, on the Plant Site and on adjoining lands.

All birds heard or seen Chat could be identified by species were recorded. Binoculars (7 x 50 Wuest', or the equivalent) were used Co aid identification.

12.

Birds were c olle c Ced with mis C -nets and banded prior to release, under appropriate permits issued by Che U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Shorebirds were taken with a collector~s gun, also under proper permits from the above mentioned authorities. Stomach contents were placed in alcohol and taken Co the laboratory for examination.

Bird determinations were made by Joseph G. Strauch, Jr.

5. Mammals Small mammals were collected in Longworth live-Craps baited with rolled oats and supplied with cotton batting for nesting. Traps were placed in lines at approxi-mately 10 m. intervals aad run nightly for two or three succes-sive nights. Mammals taken were examined for ex, molt, and breeding condition, weighed, marked by toe-clipping, and released.

Larger mammals were recorded from direct sightings, noting road-kills, and from observation-of character-istic natural signs (Cracks, droppings, burrows, etc.)

6. Absor Cion Pond Studies Zooplankton samples from the Absorption Pond were collected at the surface and at success1ve 0,$ m.

intervals with a Kemmerer Sampler. Samples were concentrated through a fine-meshed straining cloth and transferred Co 4-oz.

collecting gars, where they were preserved in 70 per cent.

alcohol.

Phytoplankton samples were also taken with the Kemmerer Sampler, at depths similar to those for the zooplankton samples. They were placed in collection Jars and preserved with a few drops, of acid lugol (Uttermohl~s) solution.

Benthic invertebrates near the shore of Che Pond were sampled in a manner sirhilar to that described above for Che Sahllow Marsh samples. Specimens were also col-lected with a dip-net.

Zooplankton and benthic invertebrates were identified with keys and descriptions as given in Pennak (Ref. ~ ). Determinations were made by Alan J. Body.

Phytoplankton determinations were made by Donald Robinson.

13.

AC. Results of Sampling l.

~4.. b, Veg'etation

~~

I

a. Study S1te l. .Analyses of, the sampl1ng 8 I * ~ I ~, 3.

Since abandonment, this old field has acquired a dense cover of herbaceous species, including bracken fern (Pteridium II 131 3, b i. II I I. I

i. I 3

I d I I by red sorre umex ace osella)'nd wintergreen (Gaultheria y I ImZ y lueberries (Vaccinium spp.) or huckleberry d~

ex en y 4 . 4 aspen Po u u~sremuloides) and black oak (@nereus velutina) early-stage secondary succession on low-lying sandy soils behind the stabilized dune ridges.

b. Stud Site 2. Sampling details are presented in Appendix- Ta es A , .2.2 Numbers 4, g, 6 and

7. Bracken fern was estimated to provide about 50 per cent cover, but blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium and V.

Sca ere lack and white oak (Quercus alba), black gum (N ssa s lvatica), and a few white pin~epinus~srobus) have atta ne e gh s of 25-30 feet, and there are a few sapTing size lazge-toothed aspen (Po ulus randidentata) and serviceberry (Aronia runifolia)., T e vegeta on on s site. has been estabTXsEee for a onger.time than that on Study Site l, but there are also signs of disturbance at an earlier period.

c. Study Site 3. Sampling details are I

The canopy, provided almost entirely by white and black oaks, 8, I, 8 is nearly completely closed; the .understory consists chiefly of sassafras (Sassafras albidum) and witch hazel (Hamamelis dmwm zy b I iyi number of herbs, among them sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis),

K w8 I 1 d I \. \.

83 i. I by i I

• ~.

forest on the older stabilized dune ridges back from the present Lake Michigan shore.

~

d. Study Site 4. Details of sampling are 8

. 3. 'I 8.

Red oak (Quercus rubra) and basswood (Tilia americana) are dom-inant .on lee ~pot~)uF white oak and cEes~nu oa Quercus muhlenber f or a ii) are also pz'scent, an sugaz maple (Acer and sassafras, dogwoo8ccdornus saccharum) were noted in Hie sS(ru~ayer. Poison ivy (TKus ra cans forms a dense, patchy

ground cover, and herbs such as indian plantain (Cacalia to the lake and tl atri 11cifolia), false Solomon's Seal (both Smila~c na Wl. Td I.

it 1 ), d I I.

looking Lake Michigan; its vegetation reflects its proximity

~

(Hduwd does not support the blueberry-wintergreen association that characterizes sites further removed. from the present lake shore.

t. 1 19.

pp ~.22

e. Study, Site 5. Sampling details are 1

This north-facing slope provides a fairly typical, example of mixed mesophytic forest in this area. Hardwoods, including 16, I, 8 d black oak, basswood, and sour cherry (Prunus serotina) are dominants on the sitep but the sapling ancn see((e(ng classes included a considerable variety of species such as hemlock (Tsu a canadensis , bitternut hickory (~Car a cordiformis), white 1 lz . en ll .

I'. ilium mar inalis), bellwort (Uvularia randiflora), tri(

um r ran if orum) and partri((ge-)erry N tche a repens). Crown

~

some of the trees have acquired a dbh of ll-12 inches and a height of 60-80 feet. Despite the steepness of slope, there is a fairly thick layer of litter and decaying logs, providing shelter for such animals as the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus).

f. Study Site 6. Sampling details are pre-pp I. 2 . . 8.

~5-This site is similar to that of Study Site 5 and.its vegetation-

~

al structure is much the same. Black and white oaks and the tulip tree (Liriodendron tuli ifera) dominate the plot, w1th I t~ I 1 t I heights of 60-70 feet, but many saplings and seedlings of other hardwoods and of hemlock were recorded in the vicinity. The area is covered .with a fairly thick shrubby tangle including viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium), greenbrier and p). I t

'aple-leaved

(

80-90 per canon, and the herbaceous vegetation, although pat'chy, is quite similar t'o that of Study Site 5. There is a fairly heavy .litter layer, consisting largely of oak leaves.

g. Stud Site'. Details of sampling are

~

provided in Appendix Ta es A . .d.2 Numbers 24, 25, 26 and 27.

The upper rims of this abandoned sand mine are dominated by sapling-size cottonwood (Po ulus deltoides) and pin-cherry t

~Sp rasa a a , an staghorn sumac (Rhus t hing) and tall h'eer po16eweed, phytolacca american~a an grasses (canary es I. 1 t t.

I vH Is ~ p . I I spring and early summer and supports a fairly diverse herbaceous

flora including wild strawberry (~yra aria vir iniana), pepper-y (~ddt ~dd t. ), y I h

~h lla) and- black-eyed susaga (Rudbeckia hirta . There is.a marked decrease in plant productivity as one reaches the bott'om of the depression, where the standing crop of plant biomass in July is less i

t;han t.h h.

..ed I")

Study Site 9.

yi ty h.I one-tenth that of the higher slopes.

This Shallow Marsh habitat I

marsh is dominated by several species of bulrush (~Scir us acutus, which provide a dense, cover. Outside of this cen~~aT area con-(I I'

spicuous herbs included sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis I (I t I d I i ). m I t). Nm I Growing around the periphery of the swamp were meadowsweet, d ( I tells), viillows Sails am. daloides, ), I '

S.

(~ht leuco h lloide~sand id cottonwood. An inventory of the p ant species recorded in the marsh is present;ed in Appendix T".ble A4.1.2.2 - 39.

I Absorption Pond Margin. An inventory of plants found to be inva ng e or ers o e Absorption Pond is provided in Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 - 33. These pioneer species include crabgrass (Di itaria san uinalis) and 'panic d"""

shade (Solanum ni rum, S. americanum, mu lain (Verbeocum thap-sus), thistle (Cire um ~vul are an smart()cede po gonum alla haniensis) and staghorn sumac, and even seedlings of ~rees as tulip poplar, red oak, and hornbeam (~Car inus carolin- 'ue):

iana). Invasion has occurred since the pond was excav~aec~n 1972 and rapid success1on can be expected if does not occur. The level of t;he pond has fluctuated consider-further disturbance ably, however, and it has been drained at least once to remove t;he seal of encrusted algae on the bottom; level fluctuation has caused the mortality of trees growing around the pond margin.

2. Invertebrates

a. Stud Sites 7 and 8. ,When completed, analyses of invertebra es co ec e n p t-traps will be pre-sented as Appendix Tables A4.d1.2.2INumbers 30 and 31 respectively.

Preliminary inspection of the samples indicates .the occurrence of harvestmen (Phalangida), ground beetles (Carabidae) and crickets (~Gr llus, Nemobius).

I'.

an b.

dS~

Stud tebrates from this 'Sha ow ars a un an and molluscs (including Ph sa sa Site 9.

i,d Lake Michigan Beach Sampling details of inver-abitat are presented as Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 - 36. A talitrid amphipod (probably H alella azteca) and midge (Tendipedidae) larvae were the most anaama .s, but a diverse assemblage of aquatic insects P. g rina, Helisoma trivolis, Drift.

analysis of inverte ra es co ec e n e rift along the beach at the Plant Site will be presented as Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 - 37. Preliminary examination indicates the most.abun-dant organisms to be lady-bird beetles (Coccinellidae), leaf beetles (Chrysomilidae) and weevils (Curculionidae).

3. Amphibians and Reptiles When completed, Six species of amphibians and two species of reptiles were observed in the, course of field work at the Plant Site:

a. Red backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus p

in the mixed mesophytic forest at Study Site 6 in August.

b. American Toad, Bufo americanus Holbrook.

1 I ~~E observed in temporary pools at Study Site 13 in July.

~3'oles

c. Spring Peeper, Hyla crucifer (Nied).

Calling in temporary pools at Study S e 1",~noway, 1974.

d, Mood Frog, Rang sylvatica LeConte. Heard in pools at Study Site 13 in May, lg74

e. Bullfrog, Rana catesbiana Baird. Heard in Spiraea Swamp (J-27) in May, Tg'p7.

1974.

f. i'u Green Frog', Rang clamitans. Two indivi-

g. Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina (L.).

Marsh on May 22, 1974.

h. Box Turtle, Terra ene carolina (L). A mating pair was noted in the wet area wes o7 %Tie 8Kallow Marsh on May 22, 1974. Another individual was observed crossing the road to the Absorption Pond in August, 1974.

17.

4. Birds An inventory of the 112 bird species recorded at Che Plant Site and vicin1ty 1n 1973-1974 is presented as Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 - 32. Sixty-five species are considered to be permanent or summer residents and most of these probably nest in the general region, although observations were begun Coo late in the season (1974) to follow t;he nesting of many species. Forty-two migrant species were recorded, but more could. undoubtedly be added by further search at t;he appropriate time in Che spring and fall. The year 1974 w'as a poor year for shore-birds along the Lake Michigan shore (J,G. Strauch, pers.

comm.)

The results of bird banding operations on Che Plant Site in Che summer and fall of 1974 are presented as Table 4.1.2.2 3. Ten or more individuals of each of the following species were banded : Catbird, Hermit Thrush, Swain-son~s Thrush, Gray-cheeked Thrush, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Slate-colored Junco, Tree Sparrow, White-throated Sparrow, Swamp Sparrow, and Song Sparrow. Of Che 42 species banded, 23 were migrants .banded during the fall.

Details of Che analysis of stomach contents from four species of shorebird (K111deer, Sanderling, Ruddy Turnstone, and Black-Bellied Plover) are presented in Table 4.1.2.2 - 4. A tot;al of 1058 prey it;ems were recorded. Food appeared to be largely insects, particularly beetles, bugs, flies and ants.'he Killdeer~s food was slightly more diversi-fied than that of the ot;hers; it is not as closely limited to Che Lake shore as they are.

'I

5. Mammals Details of small mammal captures in Upland Hardwood Forest and Herbaceous-Grass habitats are presented in Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 - 38. A total of 374 Crap-nights in May, June, July and October, 1974, were logged. The White-y y~yyy ~y Footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis Fisoher) was y

small mammal 5n the Plant Site. One flying squirrel (Glaucomys d t

~~Id Meadow Voles (Microtus enns lvanicus Ord.) and Short-Tailed Shrews (Blarina trevicauda Say were taken. only in Che Herbaceous GrassSsaETEa Stu y Site 7).

~

Eleven additional mammal species were recorded on the Plant Site, either from direct sightings, or from road kills, or from indirect evidence of occurrence, such as seats, burrows, etc., as follows;

a. Opossum,

~y Didelphis virginiana Kerr.

A yyy.

18.

TABLE 4.1.2.2 3 LIST OF BIRDS BANDED AT COOK POWER PLANT, 18 JUNE TO 4 NOVEMBER'974 COMMON NAME NO. OF .BIRDS BANDED Downy Woodpecker 2 Acadian Flycatcher 1 Willow and/or Alder Flycatcher 2 Least Flycatcher 1 Eastern Wood Pewee 1 Blue Jay 3 Gray Catbird 20 Robin 1 Hermit Thrush 26 Swainson's Thrush lg Gray-cheeked Thrush 10 Veery 3 Golden-crowned Kinglet 9 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 12 Red-eyed Vireo 2 Tennessee Warbler 4 Orange-crowned Warbler 1 Nashvill Warbler Magnolia Warbler 8 Yellow-rumped Warbler 1 Chestnut-sided Warbler 1 Bay-breasted Warbler Blackpoll Warbler 1 Pine Warbler 1 Palm Warbler 1 Ovenbird 1 Northern Waterthrush 1 Yellowthroat 5 Wilson's Warbler 1 Cardinal 3

.Rose-breasted Grosbeak 2 indigo Bunting 4 American-Goldfinch 2 Rufous-sided Towhee Dark-eyed Junco Tree Sparrow ll 17 1

White-crowned Sparrow 2 White-throated Sparrow 28 Fox Sparrow 6

=Lincoln's Sparrow 1 Swamp Sparrow 20 Song Sparrow 10 Total 24'

19.

TABLE 4. l. 2. 2 - 4 ANALYSES OF STOMACH CONTENTS COLLECTED FROM- SHOREBIRDS, COOK POWER PLANT AND VICINITY, JULY-OCTOBER, "1974 BLACK-BELLIED RUDDY KILDEER PLOVER TURNSTONE SANDERLING Number of stomachs examined, Total number of prey items 293 287 Average number of prey items per stomach (and percent frequency of occurence)

Nemat;oda 1.0(40$ )

Crustacea 3.0(100$ ) 0.2(20$ )

Insecta Hemiptera 1.8(40$ ) g.o(100$ ) 0.5(>0/) 3.2(804)

Homopt;era g.8(60/) 2.8(40$ )

Coleoptera .

21.6(100$ ) 2.0(100/4) lg9.g(100$ ) 11.4(80$ )

Diptera ~.4(8of) o.g(go/) 11.6(80$ )

Formicidae 9.4(1004) 137.0(100$ ) l.o(go/) 2.4(404)

Other Hymenoptera 6.0(60$ ) 4.4(60$ )

Lepidoptera 1.0(1004) larvae 6.4(40$ ) "

2.0(go/) '1.4(8og) eggs 0.2(204)

Arachnida 0.2(20$ )

Unidentified animal 0,2(20$ )

Seeds 1.0(40$ )

20.

I'q . qqq. b.

to the Absorption Pond in May, 1974.

q. E~

Prairie Mole, 'Scalopus aquaticus machrinus

c. Raccoon, Procyon lotor L. Raccoon Cracks were observed in the sand at theeeege o~Ke Absorption Pond in October, 1974.

d. Red Fox, Vul es fulva Desmarest.. A fox was sighted by one of the secur y guarcCsMn Nay, 1974. What appeared to be fox seats were seen occasionally on the Plant Site roads during the summer.

e. Woodchucks, Marmota monax L. Woodchucks were seen in May and June, 197>h, lnnne ar~ea ust, east of the Fish Trailer. A woodchuck burrow was noted in Che Conifer (Jack-Pine) Forest, on Che east side of the Plant Site, in May, 1974.

f. Eastern Chipmunk, Tamias striatus L.

This is one of the more common small mamm~as of Hie Fiant Site.

Chipmunks were observed many times in Che summer and fall of 1974 in the Upland Hardwood Forest habitat and around Che edges of disturbed areas such as switchyards and parking lots. Several were seen in Che Conifer (Jack Pine) Forest in May, 1974.

g. Red Squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus q . p I.

Cottage in June, 1974 q.

at the )unction

• q q h.

q.

Fox of Livingston

>> Squirrel, Road and

~~1nigerDrive Sciurus Thornton rufiventer in May, 1974 Muskrat, Ondatra zibethica L. Muskrats were seen in Che Shallow Marsh ~u~y S e . n June, 1974.

Cottontail Rabbit, S lvila us floridanus I. q . qq q.q q Xn .Eg'+ and were seen on every visit from May to October.

-- q. q.>>.. '- qq:q. q Che security guards and other plant personnel.

k. White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus vir inianus

'.~q ~ -- ~

Tracks were q

often seen in sandy areas (e.g Study Site 7, edge of Absorption Pond), and north-south trails could be followed for some distance, One conspicuous trail runs from Che north, gust west of Che Visitors Entrance, and continues south into the Shallow Marsh area. The Plant Site is clearly well-traversed by deer., at least during the summer and fall.

TABLE 4.1.2.2 - 21.

5 LIST OF MAMMALS ENCOUNTERED NUMBER OBSERVED BUT SPECIES COMMON NAME CAUGHT NOT CAPTURED Mhite-footed Mouse 41 Microtus enns lvanicus Meadow Vole 3 Blarina brevicauda Short-tailed Shrew h Opossum Tamiasciurus hudsonivs Red Squirrel Plying Squirrel Cott;ontail Rabbit Ondatra zibethica Muskrat Sclurus ~nl er Fox Squirrel Tamias striat;us Chipmunk Marmota monax Noodchuck Prairi>> Mole V~ul es fulva Red Fox

~Proc on 1otor Raccoon

'22.

TABLE 4.1.2.2 - 6 CHECK LIST OF REPTILES AND ANPHIBIANS OF BERRIEN COUNTY,'ICHIGAN SPECIES Nec'urus maculosus (Rafinesque) Nud Puppy (s Spotted salamander Tiger salamander P et o on c nereus (Green Red-backed salamander Bufo americanus Holbrook American'oad B~u o feelers German Fowler~s Toad

~Acr s~grrrl us (Le Conte) Cricket-Frog

~H a crucifer (Hied) Spring Peeper .

~14 a v~~s~coTor versicolor (Le Conte) Common Tree-toad Wood<<frog Bullfrog i>> Green frog Leopard-frog Eumeces asciatus (Linne) Blue-tailed skink Hog-nosed snake; puffing adder

.ne nnn 1 i ( y) Blue Racer Pilot snake; Black snake y

Lam ropelteesri~anpu um trian ulum (Lacepede) Nilk snake; Spotted adder l<ater-snake T~amnop s s rtaaas~srtalis (Linn ) Garter. Snake Rattlesnake, Massasauga Snapping Turtle C~emm s u a a Sc neider Spotted Turtle

~Em s an n Holbrook) Blanding~s Turtle Terra ene caro ina carolina (Linne) Box-turtle Grap em s ggeo~rap glee ~e Fueur) Nap-turtle

%western Painted Tur'tie See Ref. 'f for details.

23.

6. Absor Cion Pond Details of phytoplankton samples taken from several depths near the center and at Che margin of Che hl d, ~qt.bent,df Absorption Pond in July, 1974 are presented in Appendix Table

~

I db! ~gg A4. 1. 2. 2 - 34. Green algae, such as Scenedesmus, Ooc stis, I.,

ates e.g. Chloro on um , iatoms (e.g. C clotella) and E

large numbers o moss capsules were also presen Zooplankton samples were also taken in July, 1974, from both central and marginal locations in the Absorption Pond. DetaiLs of these samples are presented in Appendix Table A4.1.2.2-40.

Details of benthic invertebrate samples from the margin of the Absorption Pond, also taken in July, 1974, are presented in Appendix Table A4.1.2.2 - 3g. Libellulid (dragonfly) nymphs were most abundant, reaching densities of 9 per square foot, but Chere was a considerable diversity of immature flies (Diptera), mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and stone-flies (Pleco tera); and adult individuals of diving beetles Dyt'sc ae , ac swimmers (Notonectidae), and water boatmen Corixidae) were also encountered.

D. Conclusions and Discussions The classical studies of ecological succession on sand dunes of Lake Michigan by Cowles (Ref. 3) and the more recent work by Olson (Ref. 7} were carried out a little Co the south of the Cook Plant Site, but the principles of vegetational change which they represent- apply cl arly Co this tract. Medley (Ref. 1) gives a brief geological account of the development of Che Grand Mere embayment, and Che lowland behind the shore dune complex on the Cook Plant Site may represent a southward exten-sion of this bay when it was at its maximum size. The exposed surfaces of the shoreward dunes of the Cook Plant Site can pro-bab:y be associated, like Chose of the dune complex gust Co Che north, with one or other of the Algon/uin, Hipissing and Algoma beach levels. Evidently, much of the surface of the Cook Plant Site land has been available for vegetation for several thousands of years. The more stabilized areas have developed a mature association of hardwoods (chiefly black and white oak) with a shrub layer of blueberry 'and. huckleberry, or where exposure con-ditions are suitable (as on north~facing slopes), a mixture of hardwoods -(including basswood, tulip poplar, and sugar maple) and conifers (hemlock, white pine) with a rich herbaceous conununity of wood ferns, clubmosses, trillium, columbine, wood.

betony, sweet cicely, etc. However, Che sparsity of sugar maple and the virtual absence of beech from the Cook Plant Site seems to indicate little if any tendency for the dune vegetation

to develop the classical beech-maple climatic climax Chat,is perfectly exemplified in the Warren Woods tract some 12-15 miles inland to the southeast. In fact, Olson (Ref. 7) found that black oak tends to remain dominant, even on the oldest dunes (estimated at 12,000 years in his study), and he credits Olmsted with the suggestion Chat "the podso3.ization inherent in the maturation of the sandy soil profile... will accentuate rather Chan diminish many of Che soil factors" inimical Co Che development of mesophytic forests on these dunes.

The irregular contouring, and Che elevation differential (from a high of 761 feet Co a low of 598 feet),

while not so extreme as in Che region south of Che Cook Plant Site, is nevertheless sufficient Co provide wetlands in de-pressed areas behind and among the older stabilized dune ridges away from the present shoreline. This has created al-ternative sequences to Che normal succession from pioneer beach grasses through dune-building shrubs to pine and even-tually to oak communities, and has permitted the establishment of wet meadows, shallow marshes and shrub swamps, giving added diversity Co Che landscape. I Natural disturbances, e.g. blow-outs, an4 Chose of human origin, e.g. sand mines and abandoned fi.e3,ds, result in econdary successions which return the land urface Co an earlier vegetational stage and d lay, at least Cemporari"y, the development of mature plant associations. The Cook Plant Site shows numerous signs of such d"stuxbances prior to the initiation of the Power Plant, which has of necessity required extensive alterations of .terrain and vegetation within Che last few years. The friable and unstable nature of Che andy sub-strate creates a highly fragile condition of existence for the plant and animal community.ep that establish themselves on sand-dune habitats, and almost any, disturbance, natural or man-made, is likely Co have a long-lasting effect. On the other hand, Che plants and animals of dune communities have become ad)usted Co constantly changing conditions as part of their natural en-vironment, and it is of interest to note how little seems Co be the effect of disturbance on habitats and communities only a short distance away. Apart; from Che removal of natural vege-tation and its dependent animal populations from several large areas on Che Cook Plant Site, the most serious effect of recent activities is likely to be Che physical fragmentation of formerly continuous habitats and the creation of isolated islands of forest and marsh that may prove too small Co be self-supporting.

The organization of nature is such Chat, as Shelford (Ref. 10) has demonstrated for Indiana'and dunes, different plant communities support differing assemblages of animals, and successional changes in vegetatiqn inevitably in-volve associated changes in Che resident fauna. To date Che investigations of invertebrate and vertebrate. animals on Che Cook Plant Site have been primarily inventorial and descriptive,

N I, 1

but Chef will serve as a useful basis of comparison for subse-quent monitoring. Also, to Che extent that most of Che recog-nized habitats on the Cook Plant Site can be related to each other in terms of successional stage, many of Che,differences in faunal composition should provide guidelines for evaluating changes in kinds and numbers of animals in the future. The greater mobility of, animals and Che genera'lly more rapid response of their populations to habitat factors, tends Co make Chem more sensitive of environmental change than plants are. Furthermore, indicators seasonal and yearly variations of considerable magnitude are normal for most animal, species.

This suggests Chat animal populations, especially those of insects and other small invertebrates, may have to be moni-tored more frequently than the vegetation.

Xn summary, changes in the composition of both Che flora and the fauna would be expected Co occur on the Cook Plant Site even in the course of natural existence. Some of these changes will be due -to unforeseen and chance events, accidents of nature, some Co continued human disturbance and intervention, and sope Cq predictable successional trends. It will not be a simple matter,to ascertain the precise causes of change in most cases. Many of Che changes will be gradual and not evident within a short time span, say within a 10-30 year period. In consequence, a long term monitoring program is strongly to be urged.

E. References-

l. Batts, H.L., Jr., et al. 1973. Grande .Mere, a Very Special Place. Grande Mere Associat1on, Stevensville, Mich,

2. Borror, D.J. and D.M. Delong. 1954. An Introduction to the Study of Insects. Rinehart and Company; New York.

3, Cowles, H.C. l899. -The ecological relations of the vege-tation of Che sand dunes of Lake Michigan. Bot. Gaz.,

27 e 95 l 17'67'202~ 281 308'61 391 ~

4. Ether idge, R. E, and 1958. Methods reptiles for scientific study.

for pr eserving amphibians Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray~s Manual of Botany, Eighth Edi-tion. American Book Company, New York.

C

6. Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1963; Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, N. J.

26.

7. Olson, J,S, 1957. Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michigan sand dunes. Hot, Gaz.,

119: 125-170.

8. Pennak, R.W. 1953. Fresh-water Invertebrates of the United States. Ronald Press, New York.

9. Ruthven, A'.G., C. Thompson and H.T. Gaige. i/28. The Herpetology of Michigan. Michigan Handbook Series No. 3, Museum of 2',oology, Univerpity of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

10. Shelford, V.E, '913. Animal Communities in Temperate America, as Tllustrated in the Chicago Region.

University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

I TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 1 SAPLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 1, 24 JULY, 1973 SIZE CLASS N MBER OF III RELATIVE SIZE CLASS IV

'ELAT SIZE CLASS V RELAT COMMON ER OF N MBER F SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen 200 100.00 0 0.00 0.00 Quercus velutina Black Oak 0 0.00 100 100;00 0 0.00

r TABLE A4.1.2.2 2 SEEDLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 1, 24 JULY, 1973 SIZE CLASS I TlVE SIZE CLASS NUMBER OF RE T II COMMON N ER F SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY

~Po ulus tremuloldes Quaking Aspen 48oo 11.6g 8oo 100.00 Sassafras albidum Sassafras 36400 88.35 0 0.00

29.

T/BLE A4.1.2.2 - 3 RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF HERBS IN STUDY PLOTS SITE,l,

, 24 JULY, 1973 RELATIVE FREQUENCY SPECIES COMMON NAME Danthonia ~s ioata ,Wild Oat'Grass 16.13 Pteridium a uilinum Bracken, Fern 14.g2 Rumex acetose a Red Sorrel 14.52

~a~1 Et Goldenrod 14.g2 Greenbrier 12.90 Panic Grass 9.68 Carex muh en er Sedge 3 ~ 23 Gau.H;her a rocum ens Wintergreen 3.23 Wild Bergamot 3. 23 Bastard Toadf lax

~n

~Coman na umne m~

atua nun li Everlasting Wild Lettuce 1.61 1.61 1.61 Poa com ressa Canada Bluegrass 1.61 RuRRus a e aniensis Bramble 1.61 7=3 Blueberry aNumber of occurrences of one species as a percentage of the total number of occurrences of all species.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 4 SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TREES IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 2, 25 JULY, 1973 COMMON TREES PER RELATIVE BASAL AREA (m ) RELATIVE SPECIES NAME HECTARE DENSITY PER HECTARE 'OMINANCE Quercus alba White Oak 200 6.09 58.22 Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum 100 22.22 1.82 17.40 Quercus velutina Black Oak 100 22.22 1.31 12-52 Pinus strobus White Pine 50 11.11 11.86

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 5 SAPLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 2, 25 JULY, 1973 COMMON SIZE CLASS N MBER OF III SIZE CLASS IV SIZE CLASS V ELATIVE NUMBER OF RELATIVE N MBER OF RE TIVE SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. 'ENSITY STEMS A. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY Quercus velut;ina Black Oak 100 14. 28 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 l. Black Gum 500 71.44 0 0.00 100 50.00 Amelanchier sp. Serviceberry 100 14.28 0.00 0.00

~Po ulus grandldentate Large-Soothed 0 0.00 .0 0.00 100 50.00 Aspen

TABLE A4.1.2.2 6 SEEDLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 2, 25 JULY, 1973 COMMON SIZE CLASS NUMBER OF RE I

T E SIZE CLASS NUMBER OF II RELAT E SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY Sassafras albidum Sassafras 4OO 14.28 0- 0.00 Quercus alba Whit;e Oak 4OO 14.28 0 0.00 Quercus velutina Black Oak 2000 71.44 4OO 100.00

33.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 7 RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF HERBS IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 2, 25 July, 1973 RELAT1VE SPECIES COMMON NAME FREQUENCYa Pt;eridium aquilinum Bracken Fern 17.86 Blueberry 16.O7 Bast;ard Toadf lax 8.93 Ar3.sUHa pur urascens Awned Grass 'hree 8.93

~max ro un o a Greenbrier 8.93 Blueberry 7.14 Wintergreen 5.36 Wild Rose 5.36

-Wild Oat Grass 3 57 Bramble 3 57 E~use um Vema e Scouring Rush 1.78 Kr g a v rgggn ca Dwarf Dandelion 1.78 Wild Bergamot 1.78 Panic Grass 1.78 Red Sor rel 1.78 Goldenrod 1.78 Huckleberry 1.78

TABLE A4.1.2.2 8 SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TREES IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 3, 25 JULY, 1973 COMMON TREES PER RELATIVE BASAL AREA (m ) RELATIVE SPECIES NAME HECTARE DENSITY PER HECTARE DOMINANCE Quercus velutina Black Oak 65o 56.52 19.70 71.27 Quercus alba White Oak 500 43.48 7-94 28.73

TABLE A4. l.2. 2 9 SAPLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 3, 25 JULY, 1973 SIZE CLASS NUMB R OF III ELAT SIZE CLASS IV ELATIVE SIZE CLASS V COMMON NUMBER OF NUMBER OF RELATIVE SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS A. DENSITY Quercus alba White Oak 0 0.00 100 100.00 4OO 8O.OO Sassafras albidum Sassafras 0 0.00 0.00 100 . 20.00

TABLE Al.1 2.2

~

10 SEEDLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 3p 25 JULY'973 COMMON SIZE CLASS N I ER F I

>LATIVE SIZE CLASS NUMBER OF II RELATIVE SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY Quercus alba white Oak 1200 33-33 0 0.00 Sassafras Sassafras 2000 55.56 0.00 Quercus velubina Black Oak 400 ll.ll 0.00

37.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - ll RELATIVE FREQUENCY OP OCCURRENCE OF HERBS IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 3, 25 JULY, 1973 RELATIVE SPECIES , COMMON NAME FREQ1JKHCY Vaccinium vacillans Blueberry 26.47 Wi.ntergreen 23.53 Bracken Fern 14.71 Smilax rotundifolia Greenbrier 14.71 8.82 Sedge Aralia nudicaulis Sarsaparilla 5.88 Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's Seal 2.94 Trientalis borealis Starflower 2.94 a

Number of occurences of one species as a percentage of the total number of occurrences of all species.

38.

TABLE A4.1 2 2

~ ~ -15 RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF HERBS IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 4, 25 JULY, 1973 RELATIVE SPECIES COMMON NAME FREQUENCY Rhus radicans Poison Ivy 19.05

~Solkda o caccia Goldenrod 19.05 Sedge 16.67 Smilacina stellata False Solomon's Seal 16. 67 Smilax rotundifolia Greenbrier Helianthus divaricatus Sunflower, '4. 76 Wigd .Bergamot 4.76 Smilacina racemosa FL4se Solomon's Seal 4.76 Aralia nudicaulis Sarsaparilla 2.38 Pale Indian Plantain 2.38

~pan curn la 2 o um Panic Grass 2.38 Number of occurrences of one species as a percentage of the total number of occurrences of all species.

I TABLE A4. l.2. 2 12 SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TREES IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 4, 25 JULY, 1973 COMMON TREES PER RELATIVE BASAL AREA (m ) RELATIVE SPECIES NAME HECTARE DENSITY PER HECTARE DOMINANCE Tilia americana Basswood 250 27. 78 5 35 Qvercus alba White Oak 50 5.55 3.06 Z3.85 Quercus velutina Black Oak 50 5-55 1.07 4.84 Sassafras albidum Sassafras 50 5.55 0.76 3. 44 Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak 450 50.00 10.44 47.24 Quercus muhlenbergii Chestnut Oak 5.55 1.42 6.42

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 13 SAPLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 4, 25 JULY, 1973 SIZE CLASS N MB IIIT SIZE CLASS IV N MBE F LATIVE SIZE CLASS V N MBER F ELATIVE COMMON SPECIES MAIRE STEMS . DENSITY STEMS A, DENSITY STEMS A. DENSITY Sassafras albidum Sassafras 0 0.00 0 0.00 200 100.00

TABLE A4.1.2.2 SEEDLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 4, 2g JULY, 1973 COMMON SIZE CLASS I SIZE CLASS F

II RELATIVE SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY Sassafras albidum Sassafras 48oo - loo.oo 0 0.00

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 16 SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TREES IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 5, 25 July, 1973 COMMON TREES PER RELATIVE BASAL AREA (m ) RELATDTE SPECIES NAME HECTARE DENSITY PER HECTARE DOMINANCE Quercus velutina Black Oak 378 46.67 12.74 56.87 Sassafras albidum Sassafras 27 3.33 0.34 1.52 Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory 27 3.33 0.22 0.98 Tilia americana Basswood 10.00 2.69 12. 01 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 108 13-33 9 55 Fraxinus americana White Ash 54 6.67 0.77 Prunus serotina Sour Cherry 81 10.00 2.94 13.13 Comus florida Dogwood 27 3.33 0.22 0.98 Quercus alba White Oak 27 3-33 0 34. l. 52

TABLE A4.1.2.2 17 SAPLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 5, 25 JULY, 1973 SIZE CLASS IIIT SIZE CLASS IV SIZE CLASS V COMMON E NU 0 NMBR F SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS . DENSITY STEMS A. DENSITY Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 135 41.67 216 36.36 27 12.50 Comus florida Dogwood 27 8.33 108 -18. 18 27 12.50 Quercus velutina Black Oak 0.00 0.00 27 12.50

~0t ~t. Hog-Hornbeam 27 8.33 162, 27 27 0.00 i Choke-Cherry 8.33 27 4.54 0.00

~Car a oordil'armis Bitternut 27 8.33 0.00 25.00 Hickory Quercus alba White Oak 0.00 4. 54 27 12.50 Fraxinus americana White Ash 0.00 0.00 27 12.50 Carpinus caroliniana Hornbeam 25.00 9 09 0.00 Tsuga canadensis Hemlock 0.00 0..00 27 12.50

TABLE A4.1.2.2 18 SEEDLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 5~ 25 JULY 1973 COMMON SIZE CLASS N i~IBER F ILATIVE SIZE CLASS NUMBER OF II RELATIVE SPECIES NAME STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS A. DENSITY Sassafras albidum Sassafras 23360 48.99 0- 0.00 Choke-cherry 864o 18.12 0.00 Fraxinus americana White Ash 5120 lo.74 0 0.00 Quercus veluhina Black Oak 48oo 10.07 0 0.00 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 1920 4.o3 0 0.00 Comus florida Dogwood 320 o.67 0.00 Ostrya virginiana Hop-Hornbeam 288o 6.o4 0 0.00 Carya cordiformis Bit;ternut Hickory 320 o.67 0 0.00 Quercus alba Mhihe Oak 320 0.67 0.00

45.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 -, l9 RELATXVE,FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF HERBS XN STUDY PLOT, SITE 5, 25 JULY'973 RELATXVE SPECIES COMMON NAME FREQUENCY Ebony spleenwort 8. 47

~He atica amen leans Hepatica 8.47

~Solids o cassia Goldenrod 8.47 Aralia nudicaulis Sarsaparilla 6.78

~

Evergreen Wood Fern 6.78 Smilacina racemosa False Solomon' Seal 6.78 U I. g i. Bellwort 6.78 Maianthemum i i canadense Wild Columbine Wild Lily-of the-valley 5.O8 5.O8 Pedicularis canadensis Wood Betony 5.O8 Viola canadensis Violet

• '"" Aster 5.O8 3 '39 Sedge 3.39 Prenanthes alba White Rattlesnake-root 3.39 Mitchella i i ens 1 Clubmoss Partridge-berry 3.39

~ne 3.39

'Smilax rotundifolia Greenbrier 3.39 Galium lanceolatum Wild Licorice l.6g Panicum latifolium Panic Grass l.6g Vaccinium ~s Blueberry l.6g Trillium l.6g Number of occur'rences of one species as a percentage of the total number of occurrences of all species.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 20 SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TREES IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 6, 29 AUGUST, 1973 COMMON TREES PER RELATIVE BASAL AREA (m ) RELATIVE SPECIES NAME HECTARE DENSITY PER HECTARE DOMINANCE Tilia americana Basswood 99 12.00 '-.75 6.37 Quercus velutina Black Oak 297 36.00 12.69 46.16 Liriodendron hulipifera Tulip Tree 8.oo 8.04 29.25 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 4.00 0 34 1.24 Fraxinus americana Ash 8.oo l3 Sassafras albidum . Sassafras 33 4.00 0.34 1.24 Quercus alba White oak 231 28.00 2.92 10.61

TABLE Al.l.2.2 - 21 SAPLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 6, 29 AUGUST, 1973 COMMON SIZE CLASS NUMBER OF RE IIIT E SIZE CLASS IV SIZE CLASS V N MBER OF T E N E F RELATIVE SPECIES NAME STEMS jiA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY STEMS HA. DENSITY H 33 7.69 33 8.33 33 10.00 Tilia americana Basswood 0 0.00 33 8.33 10.00 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 33 7.69 132 33 33 66 .20.00 Quercus alba White Oak 0 0.00 0 0.00 66 20.00 Pinus str5bus White Pine 7.69 66 16.67 0 0.00

~paar a virginiana Hop-Hornbeam 198 46al5 8.33 0 0.00 Comus florida Dogwood 66 15-39 0 0.00 33 10.00 Sassafras albidum Sassafras 66 15 39 99 25.00 66 20.00 Quercus velutina Black. Oak 0 0.00 0 - 0.00 10.00

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 22 SEEDLING COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 6p 29 AUGUST, 1973 COMMON NUMBER OF SIZE CLASS I RE TIVE RELATIVE U ER OF SIZE CLASS RELATIVE II LAT SPECIES NAME STEMS A. DENSITY FREQUENCY STEMS HA. DENSITY FREQUENCY Sassafras albidum Sassafras 736O 48.94 34.62 0.00 0.00 Fraxinus americana White Ash 448o 29.79 26.92 320 33.33 33.33 Prunus serotina Mild Cherry 1280 8.51 15.38 0.00 0.00 Ostrya virginiana Hop-Hornbean 64O 4.25 7.69 320 33.33 33.33 Quercus velutina Black Oak 64O 4.25 7.69 0 0.00 0.00 Comus florida Dogwood 0.00 0.00 320 33.33 33.33 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 320 2.13 3.85 0.00 0.00 Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry 320 2.13 3.85 0.00 0.00

49.

TABIZ A4.1.2.2 - 23 RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF HERBS IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 6, 29 AUGUST, 1973 RELATIVE SPECIES COMMON. NAME FREQUENCY Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's Seal 19.23 Smilax rotundifolia Greenbrier 11.54

• '"" "'ee Aster Wild columbine 9.61 7.69 Ebony Spleenwort 7.69

~He attica americana Hepatica 7.69 Sedge 5.78

~Sollda o caccia Goldenrod 5.78 Evergreen Wood Fern 3.85 Virginia Creeper 3.85 Pedicularis canadensis Wood Betony 3.85 Aralia nudicaulis Sarsapari'lla 1.92 Galium circaezans Bedstraw 1.92 Bracken Fern 1.92 Gooseberry 1,92 Smilax rotundifolia Greenbrier 1.92 Smilax ~s Greenbrier 1.92 g t. Bellwort 1.92

%lumber of occurrences of one species as a percentage of the total number of occurrences of all species.

50.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - g4 SAPLINQ COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 7p 17 JULY, 1974 COMMON SIZE CLASS 0

III SPECIES NAYZ STEMS HA. DENSITY FIRST 5 M. OF TRANSECT Populus delhoides Gott;onwood 666 4O.OO 999 6o.oo SECOND 5 M. OF TRANSECT Pi 666 100,00 11 t.-y THIRD 5 M. OF TRANSECT 333 100.00 FOURTH 5 M. OF TRANSECT No trees

51.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 25 SHRUB COMPOSITION IN STUDY PLOT, SITE 7, 17 JULY'974 COMMON SPECIES NAME FIRST 5 M. OF TRANSECT HT. FT. COVER

~Slraea alba Meadow-Sweet to 3.5 12 Rbus ~shing Staghorn Sumac SECOND 5 M. OF TRANSECT Spiraea alba Meadow-Sweet Rosa ~s Wild Rose Comus ?amomum Red Willow 3.5 THIRD 5 M. OF TRANSECT

~Siraea alba Meadow-Sweet; 4O.

FOURTH 5 M. OF TRANSECT

~Slraea alba Meadow-Sweet 2.5

52.

TABLE A4.1.2,2 26 HERBACEOUS COMPOSITION XN STUDY PLOT, SITE 7, 17 JULY, 1974 COMMON SPECIES NAME ~HT PT. COVER FIRST 5 M OF TRANSECT Phyto acca amer cana o eweed to 6 10 pp p V~rs .um arvense Canada Thistle Fuu>us a ~egi~an ensis Bramble

~o~ago sp. Goldenrod VzenopopOium album Pigweed pp'edge-Nettle Germander

~xeucr um canacaense Foes a sodes Meadow-Grass

~a ~ar s arundinaceae Canary-Grass to 6 SECOND 5 M. OF TRANSECT Phyto acca amer cana o eweed to 6 8 Meadow-Grass 50 T?ialaaas arundinaceae Canary-Grass 50

~0 hez forbs as in first 5m.

THIRD 5 M. OF TRANSECT Poa a so es i ea ow-Grass 10 Phalaris arundinacea Canary-Grass (5 Panicum meridionale Panic Grass Carex sp. Sedge

~Solids o sp. Goldenr od 10 Tradescantia ohiensis Spiderwort FOURTH 5 M. OF TR ANSECT Smilax ro un reen rier

" p' Phalaris arundinacea Panicum meridionale Festuca octoflora o a Canary-Grass Kentucky Bluegrass Panic Grass Fescue Grass 2.5 Carex Pbic?cnelli Sedge Sedge Rubus alle haniensis Bramble Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry

~Bolide o sp. Goldenrod

~p\. p Peppergrass Ground-Cherry

'I Wild Strawberry Butterfly Weed Oxalis stricta Wood Sorrel Hedge-Nettle Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan Rumex acetosella Red Sorrel Fleabane

53.

TABLE A.4.1.2.2 27 DRY-WEIGHT BIOMASS OP HERBACEOUS PLANT MATERIAL PROM 0.25-M2 SAMPLES PROM STUDY PLOT, SITE 7p 17 JULY, 1974 GRAMS PER SQUARE METER SAMPIZ GRA S FIRST 5 M. OF TRANSECT East side 341.6 6o.4 402.0 West side 64o.8 8.o 65O.O SECOND 5 M.OF TRANSECT East side -464.O 19.6 483.6 West side 793 2 5.2 798.4 THIRD 5 M. OF TRANSECT East side 93.6 338.4 432.0 West side- 82.O 255 6 337.6 FOURTH 5 M. OF TRANSECT East side 37 2 12.0 49.2 West side 28.8 27 2 56.O

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 28 VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES ARRANGED ACCORDING TO TAXONOMIC FAMILY STUDY SITE RECORDS (1) Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale L.

(2) Lycopod1aceae Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. 5, 6 L. tristachyum Pursh (5) Ophioglossaceae Botrych1um virg1n1anum (L,) Sw.

+B. multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.

(6) Osmundaceae Osmunda regalis L.

(9) Polypodiaceae Asplenium Qlatyneuron (L.) 5, 6 Dryopteris marginalis (L.) 5, 6 Onoclea sensibilis L. 9 Pteridium aqu1linum (L.) Kuhn , lp 2, 3, 6, 9, 14 Thelypteris palustris Schott 9 (12) Taxaceae Taxus canadensis Marsh (13) Pinaceae Pinus strobus L. 2, 6, 7

+P. banksiana Lamb.

P. sylvestris L.

Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 5, 6 Cupressaceae Juniperus communis L. 6

+J. virgin1ana L. 3, 4 (14 ) Typhaceae Typha angustifolia,L.

T. latifolia L.

Families have been numbered as in Gray's Manual of Botany (Fernald, 19/0), but species allocations to fam11y follow Gleason United h Cronquist States and (1963), Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern Adjacent Canada. Voucher specimens were obtained for all species except those marked with an asterisk (+).

55.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 28(continued) STUDY SlTE RECORDS (19) Alismataceae Alisma plantago-aquatica L.

(22) Graminae Agropyron repens(L.)Beauv.

+Agrostis gigantea Roth.

Ammophila breviligulata Fern.

Andropogon scoparius Michx.

Aristida purpurascens Poiret.

Bromus tectorum L.

Calamagrostis canadensis(Michx.)B eauv.

C. inexpansa Gray Calamovilfa longifolia(Hook.)Scrib ner Cenchrus longispinus(Hackel)Fern.

Danthonia spicata (L.)Beauv. 1 j Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop. 6a Echinochloa walteri(Pursh)Heller Elymus arenarius L.

E. canadensis L.

Festuca octoflora Walter 7 Panicum capillare L. 6a P. clandestinum L.

P. commonsianum Ashe P. commutatum Schultes P.,depauperatum Muhl.

P. latifolium L. 4, 6a

+P. oligosanthes Schult.

P. sphaerocarpon Ell. 1 P. virgatum L. 9 Phalaris arundinacea L. 7 Poa alsodes Gray 7

+P. compressa L. 1 P. nemoralis L.

+P. pratensis L. 7p 14 Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv. 6a (23 ) Cyperaceae Carex alata Torr. 8c Gray C. lanuginosa Sarg.

C. muhlenbergii Schk. 1 C. pensylvan1ca Lam. 3, 4, 5, 6 C. scoparia Schk. 7. 9 Cladium mariscoides(Muhl.)Torr. 9 Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. 9 C. rivularis.Kuntl.

C. schweinitzii Torr.

C. strigosus L.

Dulich1um arundinaceum (L.) Britt. 9 Scirpus acutus Muhl. 9 S. atrovirens Willd. 9 S. cyperinus(L,)Kunth 9 S. validus Vahl.

56.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 28(continued)

STUDY SITE RECORDS (29) Commelinaceae Tradescantia ohiensis Raf, 6a, 7 (31) Juncaceae Juncus acuminatus Michx.

J. effusus L.

J. scirpo1des Lam.

(32) Liliaceae Maianthemum canadense Desf. 5, 6 Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.)Pursh Smilax rotundifolia L.

Smilacina racemosa(L.)Desf.

l, 3. 4. 5~ 6> 7 3, 4, 5, 6 S. stellata(L,)Desi. 4 Trillium grandiflorum(Michx.)Salisb.

Uvularia grandiflora Sm.

4,5,66 5,

(36) Iridaceae Iris virginica L.

(39) Orchidaceae Spiranthes cernua(L.)R1ch.

(4l) Salicaceae Populus deltoides Marsh. 7. 9 P. grandidentata Michx. 2 P. tremuloides Michx.

Salix cordata Michx.

l. 9 S. discolor Muhl.

S. glaucophylloides Fern.

S. interior Rowlee S. lucida Muhl.

S. nigra L.

S. amygdaloides Anderss.

S. bebbiana Sarg.

(44) Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis(Wang.)K.Koch. 5, 8 (45) Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana Walt. 5 6a Ostrya virginiana (Mill.)K. Koch. 5, 6

I' TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 28(continued) 57.

(46) Fagaceae STUDY SlTE RECORDS Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.

Quercus alba L. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 Q. bicolor Willd. 9 Q. muehlenbergii 'Engelm. 4 Q. palustris Muenchh. 8 Q. rubra L. 4, 6, 6a, 8 Q., velutina Lam.

(47) Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra Muhl.

(49) Cannabinaceae Cannabis sativa L.

(50) Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica(L.)Sw.

(51) Santalaceae Comandra umbellata(L.)Nutt. lp 2 (54) Polygonaceae Polygonum amphibium L. 9 P. amphibium var. stipulaceum(Coleman)Fern. 9 P. convolvulus L.

P. lapath1folium L. 6a P. pensylvanicum L. 6a, 9 P. punctatum Ell.

P. scandens L.

Rumex acetosella L. l, 2, 7, l4 (55) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. 7 C. leptophyllum Nutt. 6a C. urbicum L.

Cyclol orna atriplicifolium(Spreng. ) Coult.

(56) Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus L.

(58) Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. 6a, 7, 9 (59) Aizoaceae Mollugo verticillata L.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 28(continued) 98.

STUDY SXTE RECORDS (61) Caryophyllaceae

+Cerastium arvense L.

Lychnis alba Mill.

Saponaria officinalis L.

Silene cucubalus Wibel.

(64) Ranunculaceae Anemone canadensis L.

Aquilegia canadensis L. 4, g, 6 Clematis virginiana L. 9 Hepatica americana(DC.)Ker, g,6 Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir.

(67) Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera L. 6, 6a (70) Lauraceae Sassafras albidum(Nutt.)Nees. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, l (71) Fumariaceae Adlumia fungosa(Ait.)Greene.

Corydalis sempervirens(L.)Pers.

+Sangulnaria canadensis L.

(72) Capparidaceae Polanisia trachysperma T, 5 G, (73) Cruciferae Arabis glabra(L.)Bernh.

A. lyrata L.

Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.

Cakile edentula(Bigel.)Hook.

Cardamine bulbosa(Schreb.)BSP

+Dentaria laciniata Muhl.

Lepidium campestre(L,)R.Br.

L. densiflorum Schrader

+L. ?perfoliatum L.

L. virginicum L. 6a,7 Sisymbrium altissimum L. 6a (79) Saxifragaceae Ribes cynosbati L. 4, 6 (80) Hamamelidaceae Hamamel1s virginiana L. 3, 4, 6, 9 (8l) Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis L.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 28(continued) 59.

STUDY SITE RECORDS, (82) Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea(Michx.F.)Fern.

Amelanchier sp. 2 5.

Aronia prunifolia(Marsh.)Rehder 2 Crataegus crus-galli L. 9 Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Qeum canadense Jacg.

l,7,9, l4 Potentilla simplex Michx.

+P. arguta Pursh.

l, l4 l4

+Prunus pensylvanica L. 7 P, pumila L.

P. serotina Ehrh. 5, 6 P. virginiana L. 5, 6 Rosa palustris Marsh. 2, 9 Rubus alleghaniensis R. occidentalis L.

Porter l, 2, 6a, 7 7

Spiraea alba DuRoi 7, 9, l4 S. tomentosa L. 9 (83) Leguminosae Apios americana Medic.

Lathyrus palustris L.

+Melilotus. alba Desr.

Robinia hispida L.

Strophostyles helvola(L.)Ell.

+Trifolium sp. 6a (85) Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta L.

(86) Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium(L.)L~Her.

Geranium sibiricum L.

(88) Rutaceae Ptelea trifoliata L.

(92) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia corollata L.

(97) Anacardiaceae Rhus copallinum L.

+R. radicans L.

R. typhina L. l, 6a, 7, 9 (99) Aguifoliaceae Ilex verticillata(L.)Gray

TABLE . A4. 1. 2. 2 - 28 (c ont inued )

60.

(100) Celastraceae STUDY SITE RECORDS Celastrus scandens L.

Euonymus obovatus Nutt, (102) Aceraceae Acer rubrum L. 2p A. saccharinum L. 8 A. saccharum Marsh. 4, 5, 6 (105) Balsaminaceae

+Impatiens capensis Meerb.

(107) Vitaceae

~parthenocissus quinquefolia(L.)Planch. 6 Vitis sp. 3, 4, 6 (108) Tiliaceae Tilia americana L. 4, 5, 6 (109) Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti. Medic (ill) Hypericaceae Hypericum canadense L.

H. kalmianum L. 9 (114) Cistaceae Helianthemum canadense(L.)Michx.

(115) Violaceae Viola canadensis L. 5 V. rostrata Pursh. 6 V. sagittata Ait. 2, 14 (125) Onagraceae Epilobium glandulosum Lehm. 9 Ludwigia palustris var. americana(D.C.)Fern.8cGriscom.

+Oenothera ?biennis L. 6a, 9 (128) Araliaceae Aralia hispida Vent.

A. nudicaulis L. 3, 4, 5, 6 (129) Umbelliferae

+Daucus carota L. 1, 6a Osmorhiza claytoni(Michx.)Clarke.

TABLE A4.1.2.2,- 28(continued) 61, (130) Cornaceae STUDY SITE RECORDS Comus amomum Mill.

C. florida L.

P 4p 5f 6p 9 C. racemosa Lam.

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.

(132) Pyrolaceae Pyrola elliptica Nutt.

(133) Ericaceae Epigaea repens L. 6 Gaultheria procumbens L. 1, 2, 3p 6, 8 Qaylussacia baccata(Wang.)K,Koch. 2 Vaccinia angustifolium Ait. 2 V. corymbosum L. 2 V. vacillans Torr. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 9 (135) Primulaceae Lysimachia lanceolata Walt.

L. terrestris(L,)BSP Mrientalis borealis Raf.

(141) Oleaceae Fraxinus americana L. 4, 5, 6 F. pennsylvanica Marsh. 9 Ligustram vaXgare L.

(143) Gentianaceae Sabatia angularis(L.)Pursh (144) Apocynaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium L.

(145) Asclepi'adaceae Asclepias incarnata L.

+A. syriaca L.

A. tuberosa L. 1p 7 (146) Convolvulaceae Convolvulus sepium L. 6a (149) Boraginaceae Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt.)MacMill (150) Verbenaceae Verbena hastata L.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 28(continued) 62."

(151) Labia tae STUDY SITE RECORDS Lamium purpureum L.

+Leonurus cardiaca L.

Lycopus americanus Muhl, 9 L. uniflorus Michx. 9 Monarda fistulosa L. 2, 4, 6a, 14 M. punctata L. 1 Stachys hispida Pursh. 7. 9 S. palustris L.

S. hyssopifolia Micnx.

Teucrium canadense L.

(152) Solanaceae Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.

Physalis heterophylla Nees. 1. 7 Solanum americanum Mill. 6a S. carolinense L. 9 S. dulcamara L. 9 S. nigrum L. 6a (153) Scrophulariaceae Gerardia paupercula(Gray)Britt.

Pedicularis canadensis L. 5, 6 Verbascum blattaria L. 1 V. thapsus L. 6a (154) Bignoniaceae Catalpa speciosa Warder.

(160) Plantaginaceae Plantago rugellii Decne.

<<.P. lanceolata L.

(161) Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis L.

Galium circaezans Michx.

Galium lanceolatum Torr. 5, 6, 6a Mitchella repens L. 5, 6 (162) Caprifoliaceae Lonicera tatarica L.

Sambucus canadensis L.

Viburnum acerifolium L. 4, 6, 8 V. lentago L.

(167) Campanulaceae Campanula americana L.

+Lobelia cardinalis L.

L. kalmii L.

+L. siphilitica L.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 -28(continued) 63.

(168) Compositae STUDY SITE RECORDS Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

+Antennaria Vfallax Greene 14

+A. Qpetaloidea Fern. 14 Artemisia caudata Michx.

Aster dumosus L.

+A. 'Plateriflorus(L.)Brett. 1 A. macrophyllus L. g, 6 A. pilosus Willd.

Cacalia atriplicifolia L. 4

+Cirsium ? arvense (L, ) Scop. 7 Cirsium vulgare(Savi.)Tenore 6a Conyza canadensis(L.)Cronq. 9 Erigeron annuus(L.)pers.

E. atrigosus Muhl. 1, 7, 8 Eupatorium p rfoliatum L. 9 E, purpureum L. 6a Qnaphalium obtusifolium L, 1 p 2 Helianthus divaricatus L. 9

+Hieracium gronovii L. 2, 6a Krigia virginica(L.)Nilld. 2

+Lactuca canadensis L. 1 Prenanthes alba L. 4. 5 Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. 1 2 7 9 Senecio aureu L.

S. pauperculus Michx.

Solidago altissima L.

S. caesia L. 4, 5, 6 S. gramini folia ( L. ) Sa lisb . 7. 9 S. nemoralis Ait. 1, 2 S. rugosa Mill. 9 S. spathulata DC Sonchus asper(L.)Hill.

+Taraxacum offictnale Veber

+Tragopogon '?pratensis L.

Xanthium strumarium L.

TABLE'A4.1.2,2 - 29 64.

LIST OF MOSS, LICHEN AND FUNGUS SPECIES COLLECTED AT COOK POWER PLANT SITEp BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN MOSSES

~Au acor,)niaceae Aulacomnium heterostichum(Hedw.)BSG, 6/20/74(V-6, cut bank of road above Plot 5 transect)

Brach theciaceae P euroz um schreberi(Brid.)Mitt., 6/20/74(V-6, cut bank of road above Rhynchostegium serrulat;um Hedw.)Jaege 8c Sauerb, Plot 5 transect) 6/19/74 9-10, edge of road-cut; to Absorpt'ion Pond)

Bryaceae

~Pohl a nutans(Hedw.)Brid., 6/19/7()(Q,-10, edge of road-cu'o Absorption Pond)

Dicranaceae Dicranum scoparium Hedw., 6/19/74(Q-10, edge of road-cut to Absorption Pond)

Dltrichac ae 4 '( .) 4 .. 6/46/7 ( -6.

Plot 5 t;ransect)

Leucobr aceae

.uco ryum plaucurr.(iledw. ),>cirimp., 6/Ig/74(Q-10, edge of road-cut to Absorption Pond)

Mnlaceae

~nua) cuspidatu)a Hedw., 6/19/7)'(0-10, edge of road-cut to Absorption Fond)

Pla iotheciaceae ag otliec um cavifolium(Brid.)Iwat;s., 6/19/74(Q-10, edge of road-cut to A'osorption Pond)

Pol trichaceae Po ytr ". um guniperinum Hedw., 6/19//74(Q-10, road-cut to Absorption P. piliferum Hedw., 6/26/74(V-6, cut bank of road above Pond)

Ambi ste iaceae Plot 5 transect Drepanoc a us aduncus(Hedw.)Warnst. var. kneiffii(BSG)Monk., 7/17/74 LICHENS (U-24, Sclrpus swamp, center)

CCCa oniaceae (Flk.)Sprang .

". 6/ 6/74( -6. 6 pyxifata (L. ) Fr. var. transect;)

Parrnelia ceae 4\., 6/ 6/74( -6)

P lti eraceae Pe t;igera canina(L.)Willd., 6/26/74(V-G, cut bank of road ' above Plot P. praetextata(Somrnerf.)Vainio, 6/26/74(W-3) t;ransect)

FUNGI PoT oraceae Daeda ea unicolor Fr., 6/20/74(V-3, mesic woods near Livingst;on Rd.

Polyporus ablet;inus -Fr., 6/27/74(W-8) Beach)

Coltrichia perennis(Fr.)Murrill., 6+26/74(W-3)

Thele horaceae tereum asciatum, 6/19/74(I-20, at small'arnimal trap line NW of trailer)

Clitocybe gibba(Fries.)Kummer., 6/19/74(R-8,9; on N. facing slope of ridge,2. of Absorption Pond)

TABLE A.4.1.2.2 - 30 ANALYSIS OF INVERTEBRATES TAKEN IN PIT-TRAPS, SITE 7

66.

TABLE A4.1.2,2 - 31 ANALYSIS OF INVERTEBRATES TAKEN IN PIT-TRAPS, SITE'8

TABLE Al.l.2.2 - 32 BIRDS OBSERVED AT COOK POMER PLANT AND VICINITY, 1973-74 SPECIES COMMON NAYS CONbKNTS t ~l.

Phasianus PERMANENT RESIDENTS -.

colchicus Red-tailed Hawk Ring-necked Pheasant Nests regularly Occasional Columba livia Rock Dove Infrequent Zenaidura macroura Mourning Dove Common Otus asio d p, i0 Screech Owl Downy Moodpecker Blue Jay 1 record, October Common, Common, probably breeds nests regularly Common Crow Frequent Black-capped Chickadee Frequent, probably breeds Parus bicolor Tufted Titmouse Frequent, probably breeds Sitta carolinensis t/hite-breasted Nuthatch Infrequent Sturnus ~vul srls Starling Common only in October Passer domesticus House Sparrow Commom Cardinalis cardinalis Cardinal Common, nest;s Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow Common, nests MIGRANTS Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe 1 record,, Oct;ober Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Probably breeds

TABLE A4 1.2.2 32(continued)

SPECIES COMMON NAME COMMENTS

" MIGRANTS(cont'd.)

Anas rubripes Black Duck Frequent Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover Common, fall Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied Plover Irregular, fall Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Infrequent, fall Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper Benton Harbor, August Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper Benton Harbor, August Caliiris alpina Dunlin Occasional, fall Ca"idris pusillus Semipalmated Sandpiper Occasional, late summer Calidris a"ba Sanderling Common, summer, fall Larus philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull Infrequent, fall Sterna forsteri Forster's Tern Occasional, late summer Sterna hirundo Common Tern Common, late summer Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern Infrequent, fall Zmpidonax virescens Acadian Flycatcher 1 record, September Empidonax traillii an or a norum W'1'ow and/or Alder Flycatcher infrequent, fall Nuttallornis borealis Olive-sided Flycatcher 1 record, September Troglodytes troglodytes Winter Wren' record, October Hylocichla guttata Hermit Thrush Common, fall

TABLE A4.1.2.2 32(continued)

SPECIES COMMON NAME COMMENTS MIGRANTS(cont'd.)

Swainson's Thrush Common, fall Hylocichla minima Gray-cheeked Thrush Frequent, fall Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet Frequent Vireo philadelphicus Philadelphia Vireo 1 record, September Vermivora peregrina Tennessee Warbler Common, September Vermivora celata Orange-crowned Warbler 3 records, October Vermivora ruficapilla Nashville Warbler Common, fall Dendrolca magnolia Magnolia Warbler Common, early fall Dendroica coronata Yellow-rumped Warbler Common, fall Few records, late August Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted Warbler Common, late August Dendroica striata Blackpoll Warbler Few records, September Dendroica pinus Pine Warbler 1 record, September Dendroica palmarum Palm Warbler Common, fall Seiurus noveboracensis Northern Waterthrush 1 record, August Wi"sonia pusilla Wilson's Warbler 1 record, August Euphagus carolinus Rusty Blackbird 1 record, November Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned Sparrow Uncommon, fall Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Sparrow Common, fall

TABLE A4.1.2.2 32(continued)

SPECIES COMMON NAME COMMENTS MIGRANTS(cont'd.)

Passerella iliaca Fox Sparrow Uncommon, fall Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln's Sparrow 1 record, October Melospiza georgiana Swamp Sparrow Common, fall SUMMER RESIDENTS Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron Occasional Butorides virescens Green Heron Probably breeds Aix sponsa Mood Duck Probably breeds Cathartes aura Turkey vulture Occasional Falco sparvertus American Kestrel Probably breeds Charadrius vociferus Killdeer Nests regularly Philohela minor American Woodcock Probably breeds Actitis macularia Spotted Sandpiper Probably breeds

~Cocc zUS ~S Cuckoo sp. Infrequent Whip-poor-will Probably breeds Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift Occasional Megaceryle alcyon Belted 'Kingfisher Infrequent, probably breeds Colaptes auratus Common Flicker Common, probably breeds Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern Kingbird Infrequent, probably breeds Myiarchus crinitus Great Crested Flycatcher Common, probably breeds Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe Infrequent, probably breeds

TABLE A>$ .1.2.2 32(continued)

SPECIES COMMON NAME COMMENTS SUMMER RESIDENTS(cont 'd. )

Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher .Infrequent, breeds'?

Contopus virens Eastern Wood Pewee Common, probably breeds Riparia riparia Bank Swallow Probably breeds Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Rough-winged Swallow Warren Dunes, June Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Frequent Progne subis Purple Martin Infrequent Troglodytes aedon House Wren Probably breeds Telmatodytes palustris Long-billed Marsh Wren Rarely seen; breeds?

Mimus polyglottos Mockingbird 1 record, July Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird Common, breeds Toxostoma rufum Brown Thrasher Common, nests Turdus migratorius Robin Common Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush Common, probably breeds Hylocichla fuscescens Veery Common, probably breeds Sialia sia"is Eastern Bluebird Infrequent Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray Gna"catcher Grand Mere, June Bombyeilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing Irregular Uireo olivacc,us Red-eyed Uireo Common, probably breeds

TABLE A4.1.2.2 32(continued)

SPECIES COMMON NAYiE COYBKNTS SUMMER RESIDENTS(cont'd.)

E Dendrolca ~etechla Yellow Warbler Infrequent, probably breeds D ndroica virens Black-throated Green Marbler Grand Mere, July Ovenbird Infrequent Yellowthroat Common., probably breeds

~h \.1 American Redstart Infrequent, probably breeds

~A elaius ohoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird Common; nests Common Grackle Common, probably breeds Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird Fairly common

~Piran a ollvacea Scarlet Tanager Probably breeds Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak Scarce, probably breeds Passerina ~a anea Indigo Bunting Common, nests

~Sinus tri.st is American Goldfinch Fairly common, nests

~Pi ilo er thro hthalmus RuPous-sided Towhee Common, nests Chipping Sparrow Common, nests

~Sizella ~usklla Field Sparrow Uncommon, probably breeds

TABLE A4.1.2.2 -32'(continued)

SPECIES COMMON NAME COMMENTS MINTER RESIDENTS Larus argentatus Herring Gull Common Larus de'warensis Ring-billed Gull Common Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned Kinglet Common Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed Junco Common Spizella arborea Tree Sparrow Common

TABLE A4el.2.2 33 74, VASCULAR PLANT INVADERS OF MARGIN OF ABSORPTION POND, SITE 6a 29 August 1973 GRASSES Panfcum capillare Panic. Grass 1 Panicum latifolium Panic Grass 2 Setaria viridis Foxtail Grass HERBS Ambrosia artemisifolia Ragweed Convolvulus ?sepium Bindweed Cirsium vulgare Common Thistle Daucus carota Wild Carrot Galium ?lanceolatum Bedstraw Oenothera sp. Evening Primrose Phytolacca americana Pokeweed Solanum nigrum Nightshade Trifolium sp. Clover Verbascum thapsus Mullein SHRUBS RRRus typbina 'Staghorn Sumac Rubus alleghaniensis Bramble TREE SEEDLINGS

~p Hornbeam Liriodendron tul ipifera Tulip Poplar Quercus ?rubra Red Oak 13 August 1974 GRASSES DDDH; teria sanguinalis Crabgrass Panicum capillare Panic Grass 1 HERBS CCcenopodium leptopbyllum Pigweed Cirsium vulgare Common Thistle Eupatorium purpureum Joe Pye Weed Lepidium virginicum Peppergrass Monarda fistulosa Mild Bergamot Oenothera sp. Evening Primrose Polygonum lapathifolium Smartweed Polygonum pensylvanicum Pinkweed Si'symbrium altissimum Tumble Mustard Solanum americanum Nightshade

~ Tradescantia ohiensis Spiderwort Verbascum thapsus Mullein Hieracium gronovii Hawkweed

75.

TABLE A4. 1. 2. 2 - 34 ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTON SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE ABSORPTION POND 16 JULY, 1974a ACOO From center of ond, at surface -0.0-0.5m Green al ae Count cells Colonies Scene esmus sp.

Scenedesmus quadricauda 22 Golenkinia radiata Chlamydomonas spp. 3 Ankistrodesmus sp. 2 Oocystis sp. 31 Crucigenia quadrata 4 Blue- reen al ae scil ator a sp. (filament) 1 Gloeocystis sp. 8 Fla ellates Trache amonas sp.

Chlorogonium elongatum Unidentified Al ae Asterionella formosa 2 Nitzschia spp. 15 (primarily N. palea) (diatom)

Flagellate 7 Coccoid green 4 Miscellaneous Moss Capsules 403 AC01 'From center of ond 0.5-1.0 m Green Al ae Counts cells Colonies Scene esmus sp. 2 Scenedesmus quadricauda 8 Chlamydomonas spp. 7 Chlorogonium elongatum 5 Oocystis sp. 22 Blue- reen al ae scilator a sp. (filament) 1 Gloeocystis 22 Chroococcus sp. 6 Diatoms Cyclotella ocellata Counts made by Don Robinson, Great Lakes Research Division, Institute of Science and Technology, University of Michigan

76, TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 34(continued)

Counts cells Colonies Unidentified al ae Coccoid blue-green 7 Blue-green filament 1 Flagellates 6 Nitzchfa sp. (almost all N. palea) (diatom)

Miscellaneous Moss capsules 338 AC02 Prom center of ond 1.0-1.5m Green Al ae Scene esmus opoliensis v.

contacta 4 Chlamydomonas sp. 4 Ankistrodesmus convolutus 1 Oocystis sp. 14 Micratinium pusillum 4 Golenbeinia radiata 1 Characium sp. 4 Blue - reen a 1 ae scillatoria sp. (filament) 3 Gloeocystis sp. 27 Gloeocystis (gigas'?) 3 Stephanodiscus 1 Dactylococcopsis sp. 1 Diatoms Cyclotella sp.

Unidentified al ae i sc ia spp. (diatom)

Coccoid blue-green 16 9

Chlorogonium elongatum 4 Chlorogonium sp. 7 Cryptomonas sp. 2 Miscellaneous

>Moss capsules 15 AC03 center of ond, l. 5-2.0m 5 transects reveal nothing but fungus

77.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 34(continued)

AC04 center of ond 2.0-2. 5m Counts cells Colonies Scenedesmus sp.

Seeedesmus quadricanda

v. longispina 4 Scenedesmus quadricanda 10 Chlamydomonas sp. 5 Oocystis sp. 32 Pand orina 'morum 16 Blue- reen al ae sci. a or a spp. (filament) 6 Gloeocystis sp. . 11 Fla ellates Cryp omonas sp.

Diatoms Tabellaria flocculosa Cymbella prostrata v.

caespitosa Unidentified Nitzschia sp. (diatom) 2 Chlorogonium elongatum 7 Flagellate 2 Miscellaneous Moss capsules 507 AS .00 shore of ond 0.0-0.5m Green al ae Scene esmus quadricauda 9 Chlamydomonas sp. 4 Oocystis sp. 1 Blue- reen al ae Gloeocystis sp.

Diatoms Asterionella formosa

78.

TABLE Ag.l.2.2 - p4 (continued)

Counts cells Colonies Unidentified Flagellate Miscellaneous Moss capsules 1,500 shore of ond, 0.5-1.0m

~1 ASOl Scenedesmus sp.

Chlamydomonas spp. g2 Oocystis sp. 33 Characium sp. 2 Blue- reen al ae Oscillatoria spp. (filament) 2 Gloeocystis sp. 3 t

Cryptomonas sp.

Euglena sp.

Unidentified Nitzschia sp. (diatom) 4 Chlorogonium elongatum 6 Miscellaneous Moss spores 250

79.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 35 ANALYSIS OF BENTHOS SAMPLES FROM ABSORPTION POND, STUDY SITE 6A, 16 JULY '1974 Number of sq.-ft. samples - 6 DENSITY TAXON PER SQ. FT.

Ceratopogon5.dae (Diptera) - larvae 0.6 Tendipedidae (Diptera) - larvae 3.8 Tendipedidae (Diptera) pupae 0.6 Tipulidae (Diptera) larvae 0.3 Culicidae (Diptera) - larvae 1.0 Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) - nymphs 0.6 Perlodidae (Plecoptera) nymphs 1.0 Gomphidae (Odonata) nymphs 3.0 Libellulidae (Odonata) - nymphs 9.0 Notonectidae (Hemiptera) 0.5 Corixidae (Hemiptera) 1.0 Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) .13 Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) 1.6 Acari 0.3

8o.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 36 ANALYSIS OF INVERTEBRATE SAMPLES FROM SHALLOW MARSH, STUDY SITE 9, 17 JULY 1974 Number of sq.-ft. samples - 3 DENSITY TAXON PER SQ. FT.

Tendipedidae (Dipt;era) - larvae 26,3 Tendipedidae (Dipt;era) - pupae o.6 Stratiomyidae (Diptera) larvae 0.3 Tetanocerida (Diptera) larvae 0.3 Libellulidae (Odonata) - nymphs 6.6 Agrionidae (Odonata) - nymphs $ .0 Corydalidae (Megaloptera) - larvae 0.3 Notonectidae (Hemiptera) 1.0 Mesovelidae (Hemiptera) o.6 Pleidae (Hemiptera) 1.0 Veliidae (Hemiptera) o.6 Nepidae (Hemiptera) 0.3 Coleoptera - pupa o.6 Talitridae (Amphipoda) 28.3 Gammaridae (Amphipoda) 1.6 Astacidae (Decapoda) 0.3 Gast;ropoda (Mollusca) 4,3 Pelecypoda (Mollusca) o.6 Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) 1.3 Acari 0.3

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 37

'I ANALYSIS OF INVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN BEACH DRIFT, 18 JUNE 1974 AND 26 OCTOBER .1974

82.

TABLE A4.1.2.2 - 38 DETAILS OF SMALL MAMMAL CAPTURES MADE AT COOK PLANT IN 1974 UPLAND HARDWOOD FOREST Site No. 10 Dates: Nay 21-23 Number of trap-nights: 90 Immature Mature Captures Perom scus leucopus 0 0 1 0 Site No. 11 Dates: June 19-20 Number of trap-nights: '100 Captures

~P ~1 Site No. 12 Dates: July 17-18 Number of trap-nights: 54 Captures

~P 1 HERBACEOUS<<GRASS HABITATS Site No. 14 Dates: May 21-23 Number of Trap-nights: 40 Captures Peromyscus leucopus Site No. 7 Dates: July 18-18 Number of Trap-nights: 40 Captures Peromyscus leucopus 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 Site No, 7 Dates: October 27 Number of trap-nights: 50 Captures Perom scus leucopus 2 0 Til ar na re'vyycau a 0 0

83.

TABLE 4A.l.2.2 39 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED IN SHALLOW MARSHy STUDY SITE 9 Osmunda re alia L. Royal Fern

~noc ea acne ls L. Sensitive Fern fi Marsh Fern Cattail

~

Agro ron repens (L.) Beauv. Witch Grass a amagrosTXs canadensls (Mlahx.) B eauv. Reed Bent-Grass Reed Bent-grass Panic Grass Carex el~a a Torr S.Gray Sedge Carex scoparla Schk. Sedge

~Ca<&u~mmar scoldes (Muhl. Torr. Twig Rush fiefi Three-Way Sedge Bulrush

~Sc zpus 'aaarav rene Wllld. Bulrush uncus e usus

.)fi t Bulrush Soft Rush

~pz antibes camus Ladies'resses i ifi (L. ) Rlhch.

fi Cottonwood Quaking Aspen fi. Willow Sa3Zx am g a o es An erss. ~ Willow uercus co or W ld.~ Swamp White Oak mus rubra Kuul. ~ Red Elm

~po fififil..

onum amphlblum L.

ti. " m Smartweed (Coleman) Fern.

Pinkweed C ema s v rg n ana Clematis Plane Tree Hawthorn Wild Strawberry Swamp Rose

~rasa ~amentosa iL. Meadow-sweet Hardhack

i. Vetchling

i. SteJohn's Wort Fireweed Red Willow

~smaclz;Ea 7errestrls (L. ) BSP Loosestrife Swamp White Ash

~asc ep as ncazna a L. Swamp Milkweed fi~l Lyco us un oru Michx.

Water Horehound Water Horehound S ac ys E~sp Ha Pursh. Hedge Nettle CCe Ca an7lius occldentalls L. Buttonbush Boneset Farw.Black-eyed Susan etfi ii fifivl.

Goldenrod Goldenrod

84.

TABLE 4A ~ 1.2.2 - 40 ANALYSIS OF ZOOPLANKTON SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE ABSORPTION POND, 16 JULY, 1974 NUMBERS PER 8 IC METER copepod C c ops verna s uc c ops ag s SAMPLE nauplii C - mm a C mm a ZCOO ~rom oe t"..er of ponpe, at aur aoe: .0 - , m 1, 023, 200 107'00 31, 200 8, 000 4, 000 ZC01 (from center of pond, 0.5 - 1.0 m) - first sample 1,321,600 95,200 28,000 43,200 44,800 ZCOL (from center of pond, 0.5 - 1.0 m) - second sample 2,223,200 96,000 25,600 39,200 36,800 ZCOl (from center of pond, 0.5- - 1.00m) - third sample lp228,800 121,600 32,000 22p400 21,600 ZC01 (from center of pond, 0.5 1.0 m) - fourth sample lp716,000 122p400 29,600 41,600 24,000 ZC)2 (from center of pond, 1.0 1.5 m) 2pl76,000 285,600 'b0,800 61,600 30,400 ZC03'(from center of pond, 1.5 - 2.0 m) 2,834,400 196,800 12;000 28,800 22,400 ZSOO (from shore of pond, 0.0 - 0.5 m) 872,800 44,800 14,400 18,400 12,800 ZSOl (from shore of pond, 0:5 - 1.0 m) 862p400 145,600 48,800 52,800 76,800

. Determinations and counts made by John A. Stewart, Great Lakes Research Division, Institute of Science and Technology, Univer-sity of Michigan Each sample assumed to contain 1.25 liters of water.

Environmental Radiological Monitoring AIRBORNE IODINE-131 AND GROSS BETA IN AIR PARTICULATE FILTERS Indicator Stations ON-SITE 1 ON-SITE 2 Collection Volume Gross B (+2o) I-131 Volume Gross 8 (+2o) I-131 Date ~m~ 10 2 Ci/m3 10-2 Ci/m3 ~~3 10-2 Ci m3 10 2 Ci m3 7-01-74 305 58 + 2 <10 285 61 + 3 <10 7-08-74 305 27 + 2 <10 290 28 + 2 <10 7-15-74 290 22 + 2 <10 '285 24 + 2 <10 7-22-74 285 21 +1 <10 255 26 + 3 <10 7-29-74 285 25 + 2 <10 255 . 25 + 2 <10 8-05-74 275 12 + (a) 275 14 +

8-12-74 +

2 (a) 295 17 2 <10, 300 20- ~ + 2 <10 8-19-74 305 12 + 2 <10 295 9.0 + 1.0 <10 8-30-74 465 12 + 1 <10 480 12 + <10 9-06-74 300 18 +

<10 310 + ]

17 <10 9-13-74 9-20-74 295 295 9.0 7.0

+

+

1.0 1.0

<10

<10 305 ll + <10

" . 300 7.0 0 <10 9-27-74 285 8.0 + 1.0 <10 290 7.0 + 1.0 <10 10-04-74 285 3.0 + 1.0 <10 290 6.0 + 1.0 <10 10-11-74 260 7.0 + 1.0 <10 280 7.0 + 1.0 <10 10-18-74 295 5.0 + 1.0 <10 310 5.0 + 1.0 <10 10-25-74 300 6.0 + 1.0 <10 285 8.0 + 1.0 <10 11-01-74 295 7.0 + 1.0 <10 290 7.0 + 1.0 <10 11-08-74 295 6.0 + 1.0 <10 300 7.0 + 1.0 <10 11-15-74 295 9.0 + 1.0 <10 295 9.0 + 1.0 <10 11-22-74 295 5.0 + 1.0 <10 305 6.0 + 1.0 <10 11-29-74 510 6.0 + 1.0 <10 475 4.0 + 1.0 <10 12-06-74 295 9.0 + 1.0 <10 315 6.0 + 1.0 <10 12-13-74 295 12 + ] <10 315 12 +1 <10 12-23-74 410 7.0 + 1.0 <10 445 7.0 + 1.0 <10 12-27-74 177 15 + 1.0 <lo 195 ll + 1.0 <10 (a) Sample lost in mail.

Data reported as "<" are at the 99/ confidence level. All other data are at the 95X confidence level, all based on counting errors.

4

il ~

I'

AIRBORNE IODINE-131 AND GROSS BETA IN AIR PARTICULATE FILTERS Indicator Stations ON-SITE 3 ON-SITE 4 Collection Volume Gross 8 (+2a) I-131 Volume Gross 8 (+2@) I-131 Date ~m~ 10-2 Ci/m 10"~ Ci/m~ <<I 290 81 +3 <10 315 58 + 2 <10 '-01<<74 7-08-74 278 16 +2 <10 305 26 + 2 <10 7-15-74 265 18 +2 <10 310 20 + 2 <10 7-22-74 225 23 + 2 <10 225 15 + 2 <10 7-29-74 225 25 +2 <10 225 1 (a) (a) 8-05-74 8-12-74 340 385 ll 15

+1

+2 (b)

<10 160 310 12 17

+ 2

+ 2 (b)

<10 8-19-74 325 1.0 + 1.0 <10 ( c) (c) 8-30-74 9-06-74 500 10 +1

+2

<10

<10 770(d) 305 ll 20

+

+

7 1

<10

<10 320 26 9-13-74 310 10 +1 <10 310 5.0 + 1.0 <10 9-20-74 310 7.0 + 1.0 <10 270 7.0 + 1.0 <10 9-27-74 305 8.0 + 1.0 <10 255 9.0 + 1.0 <10 10-04-74 310 3.0 + 1.0 <10 315 3.0 + 1.0 <10 10-11-74 300 7.0 + 1.0 <10 280 8.0 + 1.0 <10 10-18-74 295 4.0 + 1;0 <10 285 5.0 + 1.0 <10 10-25-74 290 20 +2 <10 280 6.0 + 1.0 <10 11-01-74 300 7.0 + 1.0 <10 280 7.0 + 1.0 <10 11-08-74 315 4.0 + 1.0 <10 270 6.0 + 1.0 <10 11-15-74 295 25 +2 <10 270 9.0 + 1.0 <10 11-22-74 305 7.0 + 1.0 <10 295 7.0 + 1.0 <10 4.0 + 1.0 <10 485 16 + 2 <10 11-29-74 515 6.0 + 1.0 <10 280 26 + 2 <10 12-06-74 300 12-13-74 295 23 +1 <10 295 7.0 + 1.0 <10.

12-23-74 410 7.0 + 1.0 <10 390 6.0. + 1.0 <10 12-27-74 180 12 + 1.0 <10 170 12 + 1.0 <10 (a) Filter not exposed. Apparent equipment malfunction and anomalous volume reading.

(b) Sample lost in mail.

(c) Pump out. Filter should be considered a blank.'d)

Sample collected .for 8-12 through 8-30-74.

Data reported as "<" are at the 99% confidence level. All other data are at the 95% confidence level, all based on counting errors.

AIRBORNE IODINE-131 AND GROSS BETA IN AIR PARTICULATE FILTERS Indicator Stations ON-SITE 5 ON-SITE 6 Collection Volume Gross 8 (+2cr) I-131 Volume Gross 8 (+2o) I-131 Date ~m~) 10 ~ Ci/m~ i ~m~ 10 Ci/m 10 2 Ci m3 7-01-74 285 67 <10 290 71 +3 <10 7-08-74 130 36 4 <lo 275 25 +2 <10 7-15-74 260 18 2- <10 270 19 +2 <10 7-22-74 225 27 3 <10 275 18 +2 <10 7-29-74 225 25 2 <10 275 22 + 1 <10 8-05-74 280 11 2, (a) 330 13 +2 (a) 8-12-74 310 18 2 <10 365 16 +2 <10 8-19-74 310 1.0 1.0 <10 355 12 +2 <10 8-30-74 465 13 1 <10

<10 500 600 ll5.0 +1

+ 1.0

<10

<10 9-06-74 275 21 9-13-74 310 11 1 <10 295 8.0 + 1.0 <10 9-20-74 315 7.0 1.0 <10 255 5.0 + 1.0 <10 9-27-74 320 8.0 1.0 <10 335 8.0 + 1.0 <10 10-04-74 320 3.0 1.0 <10 305 3.0 + 1.0 <10 10-11-74 315 7.0 +-1.0 <10 320 7.0 + 1.0 <10 10-18-74 325 5.0 1.0 <10 310 4.0 + 1.0 <10 10-25-74 305 7.0 1.0 <10 305 7.0 + 1.0 <10 11-01-74 300 9.0 1.0 <10 305 9.0 + 1.0 <10 6.0 + 1.0 <10 11-08-74 310 6.0 1.0 <10 315 8.0 1.0 <10 310 8.0 + 1.0 <10 11-15-74 365 11-22-74 280 7.0 1.0 <10 310 5.0 + 1.0 <10 11-29-74 505 4.0 1.0 <10 520 6.0 + 1.0 <10 12-06-74 285 6.0 1.0 <10 305 9.0 + 1.0 <10 12-13-74 290 17- 1 <10 295 14 +1 <10 12-23-74 395 8.0 1.0 <10 405 7.0 + 1.0 <10 12-27-74 170 12 1.0 <10 180 12 + 1.0 <10 (a) Sample lost in mail.

Data reported as "<" are at the 99% confidence level. All other data are at the 95% confidence level, all based on counting errors.

4

AIRBORNE IODINE<<131 AND GROSS BETA IN AIR PARTICULATE FILTERS Background Stations Collect'ion Date 7-02-74 Volume

~m~

285

~/

Gross 68 DOWAGIAC

+3 8 (+2a) I-131

<10

/

Volume

~(m~

310

~/

Gross 56 COLOMA B

2

(+2a) 10 I-131

~ Ci/m~

<10 .

7-09-74 270 25 +2 <l0 310 24 + 2 <10 7-16-74 295 17 +2 <10 285 19 + 2 <10 7-23-74 240 31 +3 <lo 240 33 + 3 <10 7-29-74 240 25 +3 <10 240 23 + + 3 <10 8-06-74 340 13 +2

+2 (a) 355 ll + 2 (a)

. 8-13-74 290 18 <10 295 <1 (b) <10 8-20-74 295 2.0 + 1.0 <10 230 10 + 2 <10 8-31-74 9-07-74 465 285 ll8.0 + 1

+ 1.0

<10

<10 390 205 8.0 25

+ 0.8

+ 2

<10

<10 9-14-74 270 9.0 + 1.0 <10 310 10 1 <10 9-2L-74 275 7.0 + 1.0 <10 305 10 + 1 <10

=9-28-74 275 9.0 + 1.0 <10 295 7.0 + 1.0 <10

..10 05-74 290 5.0 + 1.0 <10 320 6.0 + 1.0 <10 10-12-74 270 7.0 '+ 1.0 <10 305 7.0 + 1.0 <10

,10-19-74 275 6.0 + 1.0 <10 305 5.0 + 1.0 <10 10-26-.74 275 5.0 + 1.0 <10 300 6.0 + 1.0 <10 11-01-74 400 6.0 + 1.0 <10 295 8.0 + 1.0 <10 11-09-74 290 5.0 + 1.0 <10 295 6.0 + 1.0 <10 11-14-74 220 7.0 + 1.0 <10 225 7.0 + 1.0 <10 6.0 + 1.0 <10 360 6.0 + 1.0 <10 11-23<<74 355 4.0 + 1.0 <10 490 5.0 + 1.0 <10 11-30-74 480 12-07-74 290 6.0 + 1.0 <10 305 8.0 + 1.0 <10 12-14-74 300 9.0 + 1.0 <10 300 12 + 1 <10 12-21-74 285 8.0 ~ 1.0 <10 305 6.0 + 1.0 <10

+ 1.0 <10 310 19 + 1.0 <10 12-28-74 295 12 (a) Sample lost in mail.

(b) Filter was a pprently not exposed.

Data reported as "<" are at tiie 99% confidence-level. All other data are at the 95% confidence level, all based on counting errors.

AIRBORNE IODINE-131 AND GROSS BETA IN AIR PARTICULATE FILTERS Background Stations NEW BUFFALO SOUTH BEND Collection Volume Gross 8 (+2a) I-131 Volume Gross 8 (+2a) I-131 Date ~m~ 10 2 Ci/m3 10" Ci/m ~(n~ 10 Ci/m 10 2 Ci/m3 7-02-74 520 22 +1 <10 370 36 + 2 <10 7-09-74 520 24 +2 <10 365 27 + 2 <10 7-16-74 465 16 +2 <10 340 20 2 <10 7-23-74 240 33 + 3 <10 285 30 + 2 <10 7-29-74 0 (a) <10 285 27 + 3 <10 8-06-74 210 13' 2 (b) 350 13 + 2 (b) 8-13-74 280 19 +2 <10 260 20 ~ + 2 <10 8-20-74 280 10 +2 <10 265 12 + 2 <10 8-31-74 450 12 .+1 <10 435 13 + 1 <10 9-07-74 275 19 +2 <10 270 21 + 2 <10 9-14-74 310 9.0 + 1.0 <10 305 9 ' + 1.0 <10 9-21-74 310 8.0 + 1.0 9-28-74 315 8.0 + 1.0

<10

<10 305 285 8.0 8.0

+ 1.0

+ 1.0 'N 10-05-74 305 4.0 + 1.0 <10 295 4.0 + 1.0 <10 10-12-74 295 6.0 + 1.0 <10 295 6.0 + 1'. 0 <10 10-19-74 340 3.0 + 1.0 <10 320 4.0 + 1.0 <10 10-26-74 280 6.0 + 1.0 <10 300 6.0 + 1.0 <10 11-01-74 270 9.0 + 1.0 <10 330 8.0 + 1.0 <10 11-09-74 285 6.0 + 1.0 <10 280 7.0 + 1.0 <10 11-14-74 215 9.0 + 1.0 <10 215 9.0 + 1.0 <10 11-22-74 355 5.0 + 1.0 <10 355 5 0 1.0 <10 11-30-74 <1.0 (c) <10 510 4.0 + 1.0 <10 12-07-74 95 6.0 +- 1.0 <10 280 7.0 + 1.0 <10 12-14-74 330 3.0 + 1.0 <10 290 ll + 1 <10 12-21-74 295 7.0 + 1.0 <10 285 7 0 1.0 <10 12-28-74 300 12 1.0 <10 275 12 + 1.0 <10 (a) Not exposed. (c) Pump out of service.

(b) Sample lost in mail.

Data reported as "<" are at the 99% confidence level. All other data are at the 95% confidence level, all based on counting errors.

STRONTIUM-89 AND STRONTIUM-90 ANALYSES OF AIR PARTICULATE SAMPLES COMPOSITED QUARTERLY Collection Collection Ci/m3 Site Date 8r-89 Sr-90 Indicator Stations 3rd Quarter <.001 <.001 4th Quarter Background Stations 3rd Quarter <.001 <.001 4th Quarter Data reported as "<" are at the 99% confidence level. All other data are at the 95% confidence level, all based on counting errors.

GAMMA ISOTOPIC (GeLi) ANALYSES OF AIR PARTICULATE SAMPLES COMPOSITED MONTHLY Com osite of Indicator Stations July: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.05 pCi/m ). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.01 pCi/m August: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.04 pCi/m ). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.01 pCi/m .

September: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.2 pCi/m ). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were-all <0.1 pCi/m~.

October: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.11 pCi/m ). Cs-l)4, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.04 pCi/m~.

4 November: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.03 pCi/m ). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.01 pCi/m .

December:

Com osite of Back round Stations July: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.03 pCi/m~). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.06 pCi/m .

August: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.2 pCi/m ). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.1 pCi/m .

September: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.2 pCi/m ). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.2 pCi/m .

October: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.11 pCi/m ). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.02 pCi/m November: Traces of natural activity such as Be-7 (approximately 0.03 pCi/m ). Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-La-140 were all <0.02 pCi/m~..

December:

TABLE QUARTERLY TRITIUM AND MONTHLY GAMMA ISOTOPIC (GeLi) ANALYSES OF LAKE MICHIGAN WATERS Quarterly Comp.

Collection Collection Nuclides* HTO Site Date Observed Ci/ml +2o)

Indicator Stations July August September '0.41 + 0.09 October November December Background Stations July ND August ND September ND 0.50 + 0.09 October ND November ND December ND TABLE STRONTIUM-899 STRONTIUM-90 AND GAMMA ISOTOPIC (GeLi) ANALYSES OF PRECIPITATION Collection Collection Nuclides* Semi-Annual Com Site Date Observed Sr-89 Sr-90 Indicator Stations July ND August ND Sept emb er ND October ND November ND December ND Background Stations July August September October November December

• ND indicates gamma emitters other than natural radioactivity were not detected. Individual nuclides (Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-140, La-140, I-131) that may be attributable to plant operation are listed when detected. Unless otherwise noted, sensitivity for listed gamma emit-ters is <10 pCi/l.

J

-I

STRONTIUM-89+ AND STRONTIUM-90 ANALYSES OF MILK SAMPLES STRONTIUM-90 (pci/1)

Collection Site 07-09-74 08"06-74 09-07-74 10-05-74 11-02-74 11-30-74 Indicator Stations Bridgman K2 3.2 + 1.0 (a) 8.4 + 1.0 2.4 + 0.8 0.08 + 0.08 Scottsdale Kl 9.0 + 1.2 (a) 4.5 + 0' 7.8 + 1.3 Stevensville Kl 3.3 + 1.0 4.7 + 0.9 5.8 + 1.1 3.0 + 1.5 Stevensville K2 5.6 + 1.0 (a) 1.3 + 1.0 4.8 + 1.8 Background Stations Coloma Kl 5.2 + 0.7 (a) 2.6 + 1.2 5.8 + 1.6 Dowagiac Kl 12 + 2 .15 + 1 ll ~ + 1 19 +2 South Bend Kl 1.2+ 0.6 12 + 2 9.0 + 1.3 7.9 + 1.3 3.4 + .7-

>Strontium-89 was determined on each sample and was <5 pCi/1 unless otherwise noted.

IODINE-131 IN MILK SAMPLES (pCiJl)

Collection Site 07-09-74 08-06-74 09-07-74 10-05-74 11-02<<74 1'1-30-74 Indicator Stations Bridgman K2 0.9 + 0.2 (a) <2.8 <0.26 <0. 25 <0.13 Scottsdale Kl <0.25 (a) (d) <0.21 <0.21 <O.ll Stevensville Kl <0.26 (a) * <0.50 <0.22 <0.21 <0.15 Stevensville K2 0.2 + 0.2 (a) <1.7 (c) <0.12 <0.18 <0..13 Background Stations Coloma Kl 0.6 + 0.3 (a) <1.2 (c) <0.17 <0.25 <0.20 Dowagiac Kl 0.3 + 0.2 (b) <0. 64 <0.23 <0.18 <0.22 South Bend Kl <0.15 <0.17 <3.8 (c) <0.17 <0.20 <0.20 (a) Samples lost in shipment. *Sufficient sample remained after shipping loss for GeLi and Sr-90 analysis, but not for I-131 analysis.

(b) Sample lost in processing.

(c) Low sensitivity due to shipping delays and low processing yield.

(d) - Insufficient sample received for I-131 analysis.

I P

TABLE GAMMA ISOTOPIC (GeLi) ANALYSES OF MILK SAMPLES Collection Collection Ci/1 Date Site K-40 Cs-137 Othet*

07-09-74 IS - Bridgman K2 1100 + 190 <10 Scottsdale Kl 900 + 120 14 +4 Stevensville Kl. 1000 + 130 23 +6 BS Stevensville K2

-. Coloma Kl 1300 + 130 1300'+ 190 ll 33

+7

+9 Dowagiac Kl 1300 + 190 16 +9 South Bend Kl 1200 + 130 9.0 + 6.0 08-06-74 IS Bridgman K2 (a)

Scottsdale Kl (a)

Stevensville Kl 900 + 180 < 6.4 Stevensville K2 (a)

BS Coloma Kl (a)

Dowagiac Kl 1000 + 190 < 5 South Bend Kl 800 + 150 14 +0 09-07-74 IS Bridgman K2

'cottsdale Kl 1000 + 180 < 4.5 Stevensville Kl 1000 + 175 < 4.5 Stevensville K2 1000 + 190 < 4.5 BS Coloma Kl 1200 + 190 < 4.5 Dowagiac Kl 1100 + 180 18 +8 South Hend Kl 1100 + 190 < 4.5 10-08-74 IS Bridgman K2 1300 + 130 < 5 Scottsdale Kl. 1100 + 185 < 4.5 Stevensville Kl 900 + 175 < 4.5 Stevensville K2 1400 + 200 7 BS .Coloma Kl 1100 + 170 < 7 Dowagiac Kl 900 + 160 8 South Bend Kl 1100 + 170 7 11-02-74 IS - Bridgman K2 1400 + 300 <ll ND Scottsdale Kl 800 + 150 7 ND Stevensville Kl, 1300 + 180 7 ND Stevensville K2 1000 + 180 < 7 ND BS Coloma Kl 1200 + 190 18 ND Dowagiac Kl 1300 + 180 < 7 ND South Bend Kl 1500 + 320 <ll ND 11-30-74 IS - Bridgman K2 1400 + 200 < 7 ND Scottsdale Kl 960 + 160 ( 7 ND Stevensville Kl 1100 + 180 7 ND Stevensville K2 1300 + 190 7 ND BS Coloma Kl 800 + 140 10 + 10 ND Dowagiac Kl 1400 + 200 33 + 8 ND South Bend Kl 1200 + 180 ( 7 ND

• Samples were analyzed for gamma emitters in the spectrum of energies from about -25 to <1600 KeV, with specific attention to Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Co-58 and Ba-La-140. Cs-137 is listed separately since it is not uncommon for this nuclide to be present. All others except naturally occurring K-40 are less than about 10 pCi/1 (ND) unless noted.

(a) Sample lost in shipment.

IS Indicator Station BS Background Station

GAMMA ISOTOPIC (GeLi) ANALYSES OF FOOD CROPS Collection Collection Sample Wt. Ratio Ci/ Dr

• Site Date T e ~Wet Dt K-40 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 Gamma**

Priefer Farm 09-20-74 Grapes 5.24 16 +4 09-20-74 Grape Leaves 7.28 <3 '

Beaman Farm 09-20-74 Grapes 7.15 14 +5 09-20-74 Grape Leaves 3.80 9.1 + 6.7

• The error given is the counting error at the 95% confidence level. Less than (<) values are based on 3o counting error for background samples.

• "ND indicates gamma emitters other than natural radioactivity were not detected. Individual nuclides (Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-140, La-140, I-131) that may be attributable to plant operation are listed when detected. Unless otherwise noted, sensitivity for listed gamma emitters is <1 pCi/gm dry weight.

li V

I

TABLE STRONTIUM-89, STRONTIUM-90 AND GAMMA ISOTOPIC (GeLi) ANALYSES OF FISH SAMPLES Collection Collection Sample Ci/ Dr Site Date T e Sr-89 Sr-90 Gamma*

South of Cook 7-18-74 Yellow Perch <0.5 <0.1 ND North of Cook 7-18-74 Yellow Perch, <0.5 <0. 5 ND OFS 5-26-74 Lake Trout <0.1 <0. 1 ND OFS 12-04-75 Chubs ND ONS FN 11-30-74 Sucker <O.l <0.1 ND ONS FN 11-30-74 Trout ND OSN FS 11-30-74 Sucker ND ONS FS 11-30-74 Trout ND

+ND indicates gamma emitters other than natural radioactivity were not detected. Individual nuclides (Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-140, La-140, I-131) that may be attributable to plant operation are listed when de-tected. Unless otherwise noted, sensitivity for listed gamma emitters =

is <1 pCi/g.

STRONTIUM-89, STRONTIUM-90 AND GAMMA ISOTOPIC (GeLi) ANALYSES OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES Collection Collection Ci/ Dr Site Date K-40 Cs-137 Sr-89 Sr-90 ONSBN 10-25-74 6.2 + 1.6 <0.1 ONSBS 10-25-74 5.0 + 1.5 <0.1 OFSBN 10-26-74 4.7 + 1.3 <0.1 OFSBS 10-26-74 5.0 + 1.0 <0.1 Data reported as "<" are at the 99% confidence level. All other

'data are at the 95% confidence level, ail based on counting errors.

Sample scanned for nuclides listed in table of gamma 4.0). Nuclides detected in amounts over these sensitivities sensitivities'Section are listed.

I I TABLE GAMMA RADIATION (Quarterly)

(Measured using Thermoluminescent Dosimeters)

Date Annealed: 06-24-74 Date Read: 12-03-74**

Location Measured mR/Week* Measured mR/Week*

Control 1.3 + 0.1 Indicator Stations

,On-Site 1 1.4 + 0.1 On-Site 2 1.4 + 0.1 On-Site 3 1.3 + O.l On-Site 4 1.4 + O.l On-Site 5 1;3 + 0.1 On-Site 6 1.3 + 0.1 Background Stations Coloma 1.3 + 0.1 Dowagiac 1.2 + 0.1 South Bend 1.6 + O.l New Buffalo 1.5 + 0.1

• mR per week are calculated on the basis of total mR divided by time elapsed between annealing and readout.

• • Third quarter TLD's were inadvertently left on station when 4th quarter badges were installed. Since readings are presented as weekly averages, and values are similai to previously measured doses, this should cause no difficulty.

T TABLE TRITIUM AND GAMMA ISOTOFIC (GeLi) ANALYSES OF WELL WATER Collection Collection Nuclides< HTO Site Date Observed Ci/ml +2o On-Site 1 '9-26-74 On-Site 2 09-26-74 ND On-Site 3 09-26-74 On-Site 4 09-26-74 On-Site 5 09-26-74 On-Site 6 09-26-74 On-Site 7 09-26-74

• ND indicates gamma emitters other than natural radioactivity were not detected. Individuals (Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Ba-140, La-140, I-131) that may be attributable 'to plant operation are listed when detected. Unless otherwise noted, sensitivity fc r listed gamma emitters is <10 pCi/l.