ML20214M981

Response to Commissioner Bradford 780504 Request for Info on Reported Nuclear Accident in Soviet Union in Late 1950s. Discusses Possibile Occurrence of Nuclear Waste Explosion. Cia Repts,Wk Benson 770209 Memo & DD Myers 781927 Ltr Encl

ML20214M981
Person / Time
Issue date:	06/12/1978
From:	James Shea NRC OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS (OIP)
To:
Shared Package
ML20214M958	List: IA-86-336, Informs of Delay in Translation of Drawings from Issue 10 of Heat & Power Exchange.Deadline of 860306 Will Not Be Met Due to Illegibility of Available Drawings ML20214M956 ML20214M964 ML20214M978 ML20214M981 ML20214N008 ML20214N088 ML20214N351
References
FOIA-86-336, TASK-IR, TASK-SE SECY-78-305, NUDOCS 8609150248
Download: ML20214M981 (29)

Text

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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMM18840N (9/[OM June 12, 1978 wasuswaTow. o. c. osse L[# /9 5 SECY-78-305 INFORMATION REPORT For: The Commissioners From: James R. Shea, Director / \'

Office of International Programs Qp Thru : 1.ee V. Gossick, Executive Director for Operations

Subject:

INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR ACCIDENT IN U.S.S.R. IN LATE 1950's Pur:ose: To respond to Commissioner Bradford's request of May 4 for information on the reported nuclear accident in the Soviet Union in the late 1950's and to provide whatever information is available on an unclassified basis within the USG regarding this incident.

Discussion: In accroving SECY 78-11, " Exchange of Visits witn the U.S.S.R.

on Nuclear Safety," Commissioner Bradford cenrented, 'I would be interested in any.t.ing we might learn regarding recent reports of a major ar.ioactive explosion or exposure in the Soviet Union in the late 1950's." The U.S. team, during its meatings in the U.S.S.R., asked about these reports on several occasions, showing tha Soviets a copy of the New York Times article on this subject. In each case, the Soviet officials, including the host for the visit, L. M. Voronin, answered that they knew nothing of such incidents and that their agencies had no resoonsibilities for activities other than peaceful nuclear power plants, which were never involved in any such incidents. Later, after the return of the U.S. team, IP con-tacted Mr. W. K. Benson, Division of International Security Affairs, Department of Energy, and requested information on this matter. In response, he has sent NRC the following items:

A memo by Censon dated February 9,1977, "Coments on a Nuclear Accident in the Soviet Unien" (Enclosure 1); a letter to Rep.

Morris K. Udall from DOE Under Secretary Dale Myers dated January 27, 1978, describing the subject accident (Enclosurc 2);

- and a set of CIA reports, made p'ublic in November 1977 under an FOIA request, which describe a nuclear accident that occurred in the Ural Mountains area of the U..S.S.R. in the late 1950's (Enclosure 3). In general,. Mr. Sensen summarized the CIA reports F CP l lt - S lo "

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Contact:

J. D. Lafleur, Jr., IP 492-7131 h

8609150248 860905 PDR FOIA TAYLCR86-336 PDR

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as not revealing any new information except that people in the Soviet Union were injured by a nuclear accident there in, the late 1950's. He stated that the original Washington Post article was inaccurate and the recent Esquire article contained some facts interspersed with a lot of speculation.

At present, DOE cannot confirm that there-was a waste accident.

The DOE waste handling people believe there was a nuclear accident but not a waste explosion. . They feel the~latter could not have happened; this is reflected in the Myers-Udall letter.

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- -M h JM'es R. Shea, Director Mfice of International Programs

Enclosures:

1. Memo from Benson to Cannon dated 2/9/77

2. Letter from Under Secretary Myers to Rep. Udall dated 1/27/78

3. List of CIA reports DISTRIBUTION:

Commissioners Commission Staff Offices Exec. Dir. for Opers.

Secretariat 9

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e ENCLOSURE 1 MEMO FROM BENSON TO CANNON DATED 2/9/77 b

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Q ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELO.CMENT ADMINISTRAT10N umun siaTrs .

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COM,5is ON A t(UCLEAR ACCIDENT IN TdE 50'ItET UNIO!(

The follcwing infonation is provided relative to the-nuclear accident in the Soviat Union fint nported last fall by Zhores tiedvedev. .

Background _,

Zhores Hedveday, a Soviet refuges biochemist and geneticist now living in England. re::orted that for many years, atomic reactor waste had been buried in a desertad area a few dozen miles from the tcun of BlagcVeshensk in the Ural Mountains. In 1958, the waste overheated

' within the shallcw burial facility and erupted "like a violent volcano."

Streng winds blw the resulting radioactive clouds hundreds of miles away, and no one was evacuated fr0m the affected area until after

t-wt=s of radiation sickness were evident. The incident resulted in the deaths of hundreds of peopla, and thcusands suffered from radiatien sickness.

f cetreents -

FItDA has no information relating to Soviet atcmic energy activities oc installations near the town of Blascveshensk, which is to the west of the Ural Mountain renga. .Scee oil stimulation activity (PHES) took place sca 250-300 lea to the south, but this activity did not begin until the mid 1950's.

It is'possible Hedvedev is not certain of the location. He never statsd that he had personally been in the area. Disastars in the Scytet Union do not receive the extensive, factual publicity given to them in the h'est. Additionally, because of the extrm secrecy surr::unding the military atomic energy program, we would expect little om can r:rors concerning a reador acetdent that might have occurmd.

In feet, there were several rtror-like reporcs of a nuclear accidenr

.in the Urals area in the mid-to-late 1950's; all were very vague as to catails or specifics.

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2 EB 8U J. 3. Cannon An examole of such a report ccmes freni a Soviet' refugee in Germany in 1963. He heard that in the spring of ~1959, a lare.,e accidental a*wmic e;tplosion occurred in Chelyabinsk Province. Many were kiilad; many others received overdoses of radiation and were evacuated. Victims wre given periodic medical examinations. .Some time later,. he met a -

b-uaan who had been affected by the radiation; she had red, aczema-like .-

=arkings on her face. He was never in the area himself.

In bilateral talks. the Soviets have been very reluctant to discuss details of high-level radioactive waste .storega or disposal except in the ::ost generai tan::s. l.ocations have never been specified, nor was there ever any mentien of an accident such as described by Medvadev.

Maste dispcsal discussions have centered on low level waste, including visits to such facilities at nuclear power plants and reactor research centers. Uc visits to reprecassing plants have occurred, probably because rest of them are also used in the weapons progrs::, which is surtcunded with excreme secrecy.

Data .

The : hove information is essentially what has been supplied in response to an 7.0.I. request for infort:ation that EP.DA cight hold relative *w the Hedvedov article.

./ j b / &&r L K. Bensen Office of the Assistant Director for Intelligance 0! vision of International S6curity Affairs

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ENCLOSURE 2 LETTER FROM UNDER SECRETARY MYERS TO REP. UDALL DATED 1/27/78 f

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Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 January 27, 1978 ,

The Honorable Morris K. Udall, Chairman -

Committee on Interior and Insular' Affairs ,

House of Representatives -

Washington, D.C. 20515

Dear Mr. Chairman:

This is in response to your letter of December 19,1977, to Secretary Schlesinger in which you called his attention to CIA reports, recently made public, which described an unspecified nuclear accident that cccurred in the Ural Mountains region of the Soviet Union in the late 1950's.

On the possible assumption that the accident derived from the misman-agement of radioactive waste, you requested information on that accident, its waste management implication and a comparative. assessment of USSR and United States waste management practices of the late 1950's. We .

are pleased to discuss this subject with you. .

We have the CIA reports that you cited and would be pleased to provide you with copies of them. The accident reported in those documents had been known to us for sometime prior to its public release and the reports i themselves carefully reviewed, i

There is nothing in those CIA reports which either identifies or rules out .

any number of possible causes for the widespread radioactive contamination reported. There is no basis whatsoever to conclude from the cited CIA reports that the accident could have been caused by the mismanagement of radioactive wastes. As a matter of related interest, in conducting safety analyses of our radioactive waste management practices, we have

• been unable to conceive of a credible accident caused by the explosion of radioactive wastes.

I We have no concrete information on Soviet radioactive waste management practices of the late 1950's. We would assume, however, that their waste management practices then were generally similar to ours, to the extent that they used shallow 1and burial for low-level radioactive waste and ,

modern steel tankage for the storage of high-level liquid radioactive waste.

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The Honorable Morris Udall - 2- -

If.we can be of further assistance, please let us know.

Sincerely, -

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ENCLOSURE 3 LIST OF CIA REPORTS me

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.m t, EN OM Enclosure 3

. . . 4.1 Enclosures to letter dated 11 Nov 1977 to RBP, - ,-, , '

P.O. Box 1538: ,

l. CS-3/389,785,'4 March 59

.it' 2.CSK 3/465,'141, 16 Feb 61 .

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'-.3. CIA /TSD 282/76, 27 Dec 76

4. 'TDCS-3/356,555233 May 58

5. CS-3/407,678 5 Aug 59

6. 3,202,034 5 Dec 61

7. 3,204,092 21 Dec 61

8. 323 20537 76, 20 Sept 76

9. 324/01015 77, 24 Jan 77  ;

10. 321/0664577, 25 March 1977

11. Plant Sumary 491,7 (not clear number)

(NEWSPAPER CLIPPING, FBIS item of 11 Nov 76 and FBIS item of dame date - not included - these are listed on first page

! of letter as enclosures)

The above j a_benn dp.classifled to S JCIASXIPIED"

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' CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY WASHINGTON. D.C. 20505 * .

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' ' ,,. ,.s Mr. Richard E. Pollock, N rweto.u-The Citizens' Movement for Safe and Efficient Energy . ,

(Critical Mass)

P.O. Box 1538 Washington, DC 20013 -

Dear Mr. Pollock:

Thisisinrep5ytoyourletterof2Septemberrequesting, under the Freedom of Information Act, all information in our files relating to a nuclear disaster alleged to have occurred This in the Ural Mountains in the Soviet Union in 1958.

reply also will cover documents forwarded to us by the 1977. These CIA documents were found in ERDA files while they were processing a similar FOI reqdest you had levied on them.

We have reviewed all the items concerned and I am The enclosing copies of 14 of them for your retention.

firstthree,sentintheirentirety,arey

1. Newsclipping, Christian _ Science _ Monitor, ,

- dated 12 January 1977. ,

2. Foreign Broadc'ast Information Service item, -

dated 11 November 1976. ,

3. Foreign Broadcast Information Service item, dated 11 November 1976.

You will note 1i1 each of the remaining items portions have been deleted under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. I am listing the items below, and alongside each is the appropriate exemption from the Freedom of Infor-

- mation Act which ex?l ains why the deletion had to be made.

An explanation of the exemptions follows later in this ...

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,, Documents' , . Exemptions .

38 . (b) (1) , (b) (3) ,

4.n.T.{S-3./m.9;785, dated 4 March 1959.

S. CS-K'-3/4'65,141, dated 16 February. (b) (1) , (b) (3)

1961. ',-

6. _ Memorandum, dated 27 December 1976. (b) (3), (b) (5)

7. TDCS-3/356,555, dated 21 May 1958. (b) (1) , (b) (3) j

8. CS-3/407,678, dated 5 August 1959. (b)(1), (b)(3)

9. 00-B-3,202,034, dated 5 Decemb.er (b) (1) , (b) (3) , ,

1961. . -

. . - (b) (6) 10 .. 00-B-3 204,092, dated.21 December (b) (1) , (b) (3) ,

1961. (b) (6) .

11. 00-K-323/20537-76, dated (b) (1) , (b) (3) ,-

20 September 1976. (b) (6)

12. 00-E-324/01015, dated (b)(1), (b)(3) 24 January 1977.

13. 00-B-321/06645-77, dated (b) (1) , (b) (3) ,.: .

25 March 1977.

(b) (6) .

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14. Plant Summary, undated.

(b)(1), (b)(3) be There were also a number of documents which could not released, even with deletions. I am listing them below, and alongside each is the number of the appropriate exemp- * ,

tion from the Act which gives the reason why the item could not be released. -

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Documents Exemptions . . . . . ..

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00-B-3/256,712, dated 5 April 1963. (b) (1) , (b-) (3) ,

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16. CS-K-3/507/314, dated 16 April (b)(1), (b)(3)

, 1962. . L 3

17. . Briefing, dated 8 December 1976.. * (5) (l') , '(b) (3) 18.1 ' OSI-SD-SC/61- 7, dated .3 Apri~1,1961. , (b) (3) ' -

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19. h*eekly Surveyor, dated 14 May 1973. (b) (3) *

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20. OSI-SD-KH/75-5, dated May 1975. (b) (3)

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21. TDCS-3/41'6,488, dated 26 October '

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23. CS-3/380,057, dated 4 December (b)(1), (b)(3) 1958. **

24. CS-3/468,269, dated 23 March 1961. (b) (1) , (b) (3)

25. CS-3/477,050, dated 14 June 1961. (b) (1) , (b) '3)

26. CS-3/478,158, dated 17 June 1961. (b)(1), (b)(3) i -

27. CS-3/496,952, dated 26 December (b) (1) , (b) (3) 5 19s1, . .. ...

28. CSLT-K-3/704,634, dated 2 December (b) (1) , (b) (3) 1962.

29. CS-3/508,773, dated 27 April 1962. (b) (3)

The applicability of the Freedom of Information Act subsections cited is explained as follows:

(b)(1) applies to material which is properly classified pursuant to Section 1 of Executive Order 11652, and is exempt under Section 5(B) of the same Order; , ,

(b)(3) applies to the Director's statutory ,'

, . obligations to protect from disclosure intelligence ..

sources and methods, as well as the organization, i

functions, names, official titles, salaries or numbers of personnel employed by the Agency, in accord with-the National Security Act of 1947 and the CIA Act of 1949,

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respectively; and, }

.. (b)(6) applies to information release of which ,

would constitute an unwarranted invasion of the personal privacy of other individuals. .

. . t As I mentioned in my letter of 30 September, we are waiving search fees for this request. We are also waiving copying .

fees of $2.50 for the 25 pages enclosed.

ThereNerealsoinour~ file'sdocumentspertainingto  !

,.,your request which originated in the Departments of State .

...and Defense. I recommend that you contact them for copies '

of documents relating to the accident which they authored.

- The CIA official responsible.for the actions on items 4, 5,15, and 16 was Mr. Charles A. Briggs, former DD0 - .

Information Review Officer; of the actions on item 18 through - '.

. 20, was Dr. }1erbert Rothenburg, Acting Director of the -

Office of Scientific Intelligence; of item 6, was Mr. Noel

.~. Firth,' Director of.the Office of' Imagery Analysis; of item

. 17, was Mr. Philip A.,Waggener, Deputy Director of Strategic .

Research; and of items 7-14 and 21-29 was Mr. Robert E.

Owen, DD0 Information Review Officer.

Under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act you hay.e the right to appeal their actions to the CIA Information Review Committee. If you choose to do so, please write to me, stating in full the. basis of your appeal. ,

I have decided to waive all fees normally charged for

. the processing of such r.equests. .

Sincerely, Gene F. Wilson .

Information and Privacy Coordinator Enclosures .

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(H 55-54, E 60 48) sto:ste plant , , . . .

"All stores in To:.ensk-Uralskiy which sold mi.].k, meat, and other foodstuffs .'".

were cloned as a precaution against radiation exposure, and new suppnes. ... ..

vere brought in two days later by train and truck., ,The food was ' sold. difectly s-from the vehicles, and the resulting queues were reminiscent of those durins:- .

.the.vorst shortages durl=g World 1.'ar II. The Nople in Xmensk-Uralskiy grev hysterical with fear, with an incidence of unknown " mysterious" diseases .* -

. breaking cut.

A few leading citizens aroused the public anger by wearing- . . " .

. small rail.ation counters which vere not avca.able to everyone. -

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from seversi people that ,large areas north of Chelyabinsk is.

were contaminated by radioactive waste from a nuclear plant *; -

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operating at an unknown site near Kyshtym,la town 70 kilo meters northwest of Chelyabinsk on the- Chelyaliinsk-SverdlovzW .. ~

railroad line.

ItNaa geners.1 knowledge that the' chelyabinsk. To go * #! -

' area. had an abnormally high number of cancer cases'. '

swimming in the numerous ' lakes and riv'ers' in the Vicinity was

' ' considered a health hazard by some waspeople.**che'cketi by . Food b

• the peasanta to the Chelyabinsk market (:ynok)6se' a.t the mar *. - ;

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delivered to the plants, schools, etc* , by the .kolkhomy andUn- ...

sovkhe:7. . was probably exanticed by the latter~ themselves7

.~ til 1955 passengers were' checked at the Kyshtym railway sta -

• tion, and nobody could entar the town without a special permit ~

By what authority the- permitf i was issued and why the' checking - - ,

was discontinued in 1958, source was unable'to say. In addi- -

tion, some villages in the Kyshtym area'had been contaminated G

' and burned down, and the inhabitants coved into new ones built

- by the government. They were allowed to take with .-

them .,-

only. - .

• the clothes in which they were dressed.**. .

l W. The plant was probably processing radioactive deposits found in the Urals, among which were hu;;e!%deposits ' ' :' * - of zirconium,-

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C in the Kysht/-:-Argsyssh area. Es also told .

p . , .. .

., , , ' .. ' ' '. .' i . , las earl? as 1954 that source"that{". ...'...J.

the water of the Techa River, running froc Lake Ky yltash andthe Iset Riv

• I:ake Ulagsch sed emptying in:: **

become bi6h17 radioactive. .

5 In late

• August-1960, source with some ico other office workers was sent for ten days to help harvest at the Bolshaya Taskina. -

/ Sovkhoz south of Lake Kaldy, about 50 kilometers north 'of-Chelyabinsk. At the Nadyrov Bridge which ,crosged the Tocht. .

" Drinking River, he saw a few pesters with the inscription:

l strictly prohibited, water polluted"' (Pit, stroso vospreshchay-etsya, veda =agryarnena): While working at the so'vkhoz,he did not appr.cach th'e Techa,because the river bank was a prohibited area. Some distance north of the. river there was a continuous ditch about one ceter deep"and one bieter Pide, 'with posters:

"No passage, (Prokhod vospreshchayetsya, zagrya:-

nennaya =ona) polluted zoneSource.did In Chelyabinsk not

• discuss he mentipoilution ~oned itof to the Te

• t with persons on the *1sovkhoe,* . x .,

and was told' that* according to " '# . -

e . . . * .. J a ,,frienc,/[ 7!;*" :i 'who ~1ived on "the Techa' someyhere' in'.the**:. '.';4

• l'* M. '.:n.,;fathe Tyumen Oblast, the river was

• polluted on. ita

• lower course r. also*. .. "

, 6. Source vaguely remembered having heard that the Kyshtym aren nuclear installation thst in 1960was known asmanagedthe Post Box 40 installation.

He knew the plant was by (fnu) Sorokin, l whose daughter, Lyudm111siborn in 1930, She sourcewas had a graduatemet at aof .

I 1960 J:cw .nar's party in Chelysbinsk.workin; at *the Chelyabinsk '

. nn institute in Overdlovak snd wa: ".'

• • ... town,phnning (gorproyckt) institute. * .. .. t -: .

s.

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In M'areb 1958,an explosion wrecked part of the nuclear plant t ..' 7. at Kyshtym.

Whether the explosion was nuclear or chemical, '

acurce could not tell, norLdid he have information on - .

casualties.

The matter was open17 discussed among employees of the Ufals Branch of the Academy of Construction and . .' - .

Architecture. .

8. Source knew of one case in which vork at the Irshtym plant .,

allegedly resulted in the sexual impotence of an engineer ,.

(name unknown) and subsequent . divorce. The divorcee was Alina Loy (maiden name), an engineer with the trust Metal-lurgstroy at Chelyabinsk, who left her husband In summer in 1956 1960, or .

1957 she marriedafter a (fnu) few monthsChulkov, of an married officerlife. with the combat ensi-neers, who was transfe'rred to Novaya Zemlya in .,August .- ..

. . . 1960. , . .. .

While working at the Urals Branch of the Academy of Con

. 9 struction and Architecture, source heard,that in 1957 its ." - -

laboratory of reinforced-concrete construction (chief, '

[fnu7 7 trshtein) had investigated an, accident, fall of a smoEestack from a huge plant!which was being built' by the '.

M7D Glavpromstroy or Ministry of Medium Machine Building ~

in the Arga? ash area. -

10. Source was not certain but thought that a second plant might also have been built in the Argayash area by the MVD Glav- .

promstroy or Ministry of Medium Machine Building. 3-1 - -

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• 27 December I976 I

i (Q NTRAL INTELLIGENCE

. .. . AGENCY

.~ - J'... Copy .-

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HEMORANDUM FOR: *]).."'.

Chief ( ., , ,,Di* vision , SM .

~ ,

SUBJECT - \ __ . Nuclear Waste Burial Gmunds new -

.- - - Blagoveshchensk, USSR .- .

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1.. Dis memorandur:r is~ in response to your requesi\ a-nuclearwaste burial

• ground 4 the western Ural mountains near- tnE town -

ofBlageveshchensk, USSR.{* ,

/

2 tio nuclear waste burial site -

ident1f t ed within th'e- area. was , -

l .

1 f Prpject is considered 'N Nie eK ..

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. 7 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCY AGENCY TELETYPED INFORMATION REPORT 23 May 1958

Subject:

Accidental Atomic Explosion in Chalyabinskaya Oblast Date of Information:

May 1958

1. Various Soviet employees and visitors to the Brussels Fair have stated, independently but consistently, that the occurrence of an accidental atomic explosion during the spring of 1958 was widely known throughout the USSR.

2. The site was identified as (being in) Chelyabinskaya Oblast.

3. Rumors are common that many people were killed; however, the generally accepted version is that only several score (individuals) died.

Approved for release 27 Sep 1977

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COUNTaf USS?. (Chelyabinst Chlast) .

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Sus >tCT Radioactive Costa =ination of an . DATE DISTE 5 August 1959 Area in Chelyabinst Cblast ....

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. - P.esult of Zicplosion/C5 Ac=: sed of tans- espreescgg e y- "-- 2 mittias Poison ::::n:sh the Air N.e-- . w usuppiamast g hoph to.be h :md and Dest:..=. tion of .

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• 17: cove:wd with a d"-- layer of :ed a=.st. a:A .~ery sa:: oq.ich17 "- areas vem a12. the Isaves on <.4 cm:pl. ate - /.;O r the poplar t:ess becs== ext r.=ml:r sh1=7 b:: .s, c:.: led t:p a=& fe12. c f. . I'~;*s4 ,

. Issfy g=een vegvte.bles vers.coversa vith this sa== type of dust ac.i cu=1si. 4... 0 i

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2. I slam toli har at that*:se that t.he:w vehe a=:=rm~ =M:s over the rs&io ,*:f ,.,

a :d.also th.. h the newspaper =edia. -- *--- the 15 of tettingJ . .,*.W..*.fiLy -

poison t2=o"gh the air T2:1ch. va.s.ca&& by the ruin fa12.1=g a12. ov ;

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the chalphimah, &.last cans 1=g people to be bu:nsi and dest =oyi=g t::ees

• 71. '1' and regetation . ::'ha pecple ve e advised mt to vaak thei: clothes or r ,cCT~.Q l

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. hair .h the =s1= w.er me bathe in this' vster because they would be . .h *.(~. d..! p bM '/.'he navspsper which-I received in T -- ^****n vas. callsE .';i TJ*.'.S the Tr.:.".". Water for the b:=ms was su liei by y.pe lines which, es=e t".3. .y. :' *5 pg.. .. . . . .;.p1 . . ,. C ,..

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yw been in this na.r hospital for as

nxi=st 27 t.'.-.me-months. @?,h'9:

.. She enteret the hospital a:m=:1 Eny 1960 z=1 vas eleased in Julyff.,0. * . ::/ ~

. I as act re:x=ber if .this hecy.ita . hai a =s:me b.:t it vsa ner, fou:: ,-y.. . Q*/- M;8,  :

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'.m:e les high, a=1 as of July 1950 it vss mot cc:platelyv cons =u=ted...ps.. _ y: r.

Street) pita 2. isvas locat.1 cr m,ev ness::= nlitsa (cz n - .g,.. . ;j.T.f. - '.g. .

n a..*.ch is the southa:n se=*'on

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. tolf =e that in talki=g with. patients in the hospita2., . ; . ."

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the e=plcyees,, she was adviced.that sotati:= in Apri2.1960 a ~.

Ler.d.fic e.=plonica (:=::17) occa:Tei so:r aere in the ChelpY~~* Cbla.r,. ' ..'. f.; .t, h

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ih,

,\. . Foreign nee ig. ence

. ..inf6finatiah' Report "

Cl4fC70sME OF ~

. .$.".-. s.

onnAnons .. .

COU M USSE DCD REPORT NO.,

h. k .323/20537-7

1  ; .~;.:+...: . s...

SU3)iCT -

c, .

.~ ..

..g . . .

DhTE DisrR. .20 Septender 1976

. . a . . . .

~

, _ ucle'. a:- Ix;ilosiod at C'h'e1yabinsk-40/

..~ NO. P GES 2 .

.a_._.. .

-) i REFERENCES

^

--~

. . 1 .

_D ATE OF INFO.1956-/ . . .

.* . . . . .

• g

' g THIS 15 UNEVALUATED INFORMATION -

. s. .

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p 3.

.+ Qe . .

Accordine to the prevailing opinion in Ch 'yabinsk, Chelyabinsk-40 ,

was a_.produerton sue zor ..

. ~ lear oevice 3 Chelyabinsk-40 is actually .

oWreMd KysWtyr. -shicn fs 5 cme onc bundred kilometers northwest of

'DiEFyabinsk. In abT:lut 1956 there was an explosion at Chelyabinsk-40; ~

the explosion lighted up the sky' for a great distance and the news- .

papers in Chelyabinsk made a fli=sy attfmpt to proclaim th'e event ,

an unusual occurrence of the northern lights. The chief evidence ,'

of the explosion was the tremendcus number of casualties in the .

. hospitals of Chelyabinsk. . Many of the casualties were suffering ' .. {1. , .

from the effects of radiation. Shortly after thc explosion a scien- - .

tific rescarch institute to study effects of radiation.vas established .-

.in Chelyabinsk, presumably as a result of the accicene at Chelyabinsk-40. . . -

[ Collector's co= ment: Source did not actually witness the explosion. : .; : .

~

c , .,

and could provide no details on its,cause.) .. : : :.<p.-; ;. .:  :

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A N Foreign, Intelligence Infonnation Report

. !{} oenscronast or .

orttAlloMS ,

s .. . .s -

y. .

,- COUNTRY USSR /[*^ . L ,~~REPCRT NO. 0 0'? 324/01015-77 suSJECT soviet Deconation of 20 Megaton DATY Dr$TR. . 24 .fanuary 1977*.

Device in 1950's in Above-Cround Test /

• Possible Explanation for Recent News NO.PAGES 'l Reports on Nuclear Accident and " Vast .

,I Nothing" Area in Ural Hountains ,

REFERENCES DAT: oF twpo. 1959 - 1950 THt5 IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION i . t

~~

SOURCE *

• " - ***~' ~

Ii '.

• k i .

. ,a -

,i .'. ,

( .

s.

. . . v. .

s- . ,

P .

, 1. Recently there have been accounts in US newspapers concernic; comments

• e ..

nade by two for=ar citizens of the USSR on a " vast nothing", an area withi:.

4 the USSR vhere it is speculated a nuclear accident occurred in -he late ,

1950's. There was a top secret Soviet filn/ 'l y. *

• l, .

] [- -

1-

. .. which shove'd a' nuclear I . test that had occurred in an unspecified region of the Ural Hountains.

It is likely, although not certain, that the test occurred in the

!- period, and this r.ay account for the " vast nothing" mentioned in the news 1957-59

1. _ accounts. .

. . , e

• 2. ...

According to the film, the USSR constructed a coupletely new city in a j '* valley in the Ural Bountains region for the test. A subway was constructed I {j under the village, and ont of the major purposes of the test was to see if the subway could withsta=d a nuclear attack. The inhabitants of the

{ ;* village were goats and sibeep, and the post-explosion photography ihoved i the effects of a nuclear blast upon animal life as well as buf1mg materials. Military equipment was placed around the village, and the effects of the explosion upon armaments of war also were depicted in

- the film.

j 3. ,,

i The bomb itself was described as a 20 megaton device which was dropped from an airplane. The flash of the explosion illuminated the mountains

- subwaysurrounded which survived thethe village.<*" The *;city virtually was eliminated, but the

• explosion. @~ -

.; . , e

'{g ' ' *

• f., ..,, -

( - * .

Recause of the film's classifi- .

cation, those who saw it were instructed to** creat the whole matter as I

highly classified. ,. "

t

, . ' " . , . , .-p t. ;f .;; r.* - . - * *

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+

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% --_4.*'hi:ent newspaper accounts quote two Soviet e.nigres, one in London -

. W. . and^--::q

. y,M_-

the other in Israel, who knew something about the " vast nothing". One s

.. 5 of the emigres said a 60 square mile area in the Ural Mountains was '> i 4 desolate and still heavily radioactive in 1961. It is possible the 8Qf

'-- 54 3

" nuclear accident" of which the emi,res spoke is the event recorded by

• 3 2

nSovietcameracrewandshown{ '. ,", as a top secret 2 g defense film. - end - 1 a' -

~-

IN CI3 R2 Q{U[ , M. * .

. "".: *- U.# N T7 n . . -. . 0. .~:^- - -. - ~ . . * - - - ; T- -~~ ~ " ", 3 ,

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Dn!"TosAlt of . * .

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.' . . ,p .

'. . .. . . . .,c \ . - -

COUNTRY , USSR . a.. .' .

' . . , .1 agroxT NO. 321/06645-77

[ ,..- . nO.O D... .-

a. . . .. . .e ,

1958 "Kyshtin Disaster"/ Nuclear.

su1 JECT DATE DISTR.

25 March'1977 .

.' E Accident Involving Plutonium Vastes .

from )**11tary Nuclear Reactors . Nd.PAGES

• 3. .

• V.

. .... . * . . 'f1

.~ ", . * * *

..'i l

. ., r- REFERENCES . . . . .

. . * . . =

. . . . \

.. J Dt.TEOF N50. June 1961 .

TH!S IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION . ..

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sounCE .:

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ants intor=ation is related in the first person --- . ;- .

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( as aCGEed h7 the b ~ O - * ..X.I'A. * '

-==*. .

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s .. .

1. In June 1951. I,F) ., .

. near,Chelyabinsk, an . .

industrial town in the ' rals a few hundred k.uo=eters south of . * * *

"J .*: 7 ~

Sverdlovsk..f

.. , we headed north towards Sverdlovsk and Ec1'cyarsk by car. - -

2. About 100 kilometiera from Sverdlovsk, we crossed a strange, uninhabited * . . a.. . ~~. .

and unfarmed area. Eighway signs aloog the way warned drivers not to - - .

stop for the next 20 to 30 kilomaters because of radia: ion. , Tha land .-

was emp:y.* There were no villages, no towns, no people, no cultivated **

land; only the cht.rieys of destroyed houses remained. -I asked the *

~"

. driver to step because I wanted to drin' vater. The driver refused. l

one doesn'c stop here. You drive quic'ely and cross the area.without

• any stops," he said. ,

. 3. In conv=rsaticas with people in the area, I was told that the area vaa .i , .-

the site of the *Kyshti= Disaster," so called af ter a tour. about 200

• kilometers co.sth of Sverdlovsk and 250 k=L. eas.t of Blagoveshnsk. An - -

accident had occurred three years earlier, that is, in,1958, that was

• e . , .

caused by a blast at the storage site of nuclear vaste fro = mil.it.z.y a .

uncles reactors. I was told that the accident was caused by the ne2- . * * -

- 1

{. lisent storage of pluteniu= vastes. Hundreds of people perished and ,

the ar.:s be:a e and vill re=ain r:dioacti,vc for r.asy years. One of .

the current topies of conversation at the ti=e vas whether eating fish

• or eating crabc f rom the radi. active rivers of the area vaa more . .

dangezous. .

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01l3 runann 3.. Name -

' ~ l Atomic Energy I.nstauntion

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TL.'s.:*.1 ' .

. 5.  ?& . ..' 0

2. Locatie: ,,

Escrx 55 Eh n 60 35-2 ' -

m. Address '

5lA -

d.

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riuro12t -

De restricted area of Kyshtyn is apprnrinately 60 k= N/S and hykm E/W.

De rail..oad from Iasli to Karabash r 3 diagonal.ly frem the K:: cor=er

to the Sir corner with Iyahtyn tu the center. It includes the lastallations st Techa (roactor) and Bungul (rad.iological institute).

v. .. -

. #f m 3 Eisto-v ,

A large atomie 1.lant and a workers' settleme=t were established , .-

l-about 15 km Eit of Iyshtys, probably at Techa om Ozero Irtyssh, during the period 1945 to 1948. App oni=stely 70,000 innates of 12 labor camps, participe.te .

in the constroction. In the spring of 1948, the entire population, including

' .all PWs and forced lab =rer: had to ovacuato the Eyshtyn resEricted area.' he -

population was replaced by Co-=4sts and.their dependents who ca=e i;o Kynhtyn from al.1 over the U59.. Dey were reportedly nevei to leave the area again. -

k. Physical Pla=t and Ecuip. eat De restricted area covers 2700 sq. k= 'containing ei5ht small"ldkas v.*th * -

interconnecting vaten., mes. De sto=le plant (reactor) is situated 12. a tunnel gro M .

which extends beneath a river, with only a smoke sta,ck visible above '

One of the lakes was drained and a bunding of undeter-"watze l

vaa built vith vater. on its bed with coment, rubber,, and , lead. Den the late was refi.uod'-

A dohble tracked RR line'vns built ~to* the area. De underground' ,

factory was -30 to 40 notars below the surface'and vore as follovr:

• 8 small shops all the same sine (approx. 50 by 25/28=). hey has oeen blasted, '

out from up concrete thetoslate a height rock.ofSe vertical appr==. 3 -vsus

% n.vere coated vith rei= forced n sy suppo-ted a rei= forced ..

concrete three center arch roof 6 - 7 m h15h in th'e =iddio of the shop.

De ceil'ng was =cre strongly ar:nor. red than the vans by the addition of cross bond iro= bars.

• A large '

shop approx.100 by EO = van built in the as=e way as the a= aller chops, he ceiling 1,20 by 1,20 vas= supported cross sectien. in the middle of the room by 4 concreto pillarr of

l .

s . * - * . .

PIA 7f SQeuRf (Continued) 2R Fir = No. 801%01

h. PAvsical Plant and Ecuioment (Continued) -

Construction of the shopA vas finished and the building of M*% foundati.ons started or 0,80 abyfew dafs 1,50 n. before infer = ant left the ca=p; these foundations were 2. by 2

.~. .- .

. All unde. W roo=s were electrically lighted. '.

• Steel brackets were cast in the valls_ of the large shop, which should possib17 support the rails of craaes.

t The thickness of 'the valls (consisting of th' srock and concrete coating) between the shops was a,w. 5 m .

3 Produ=tien -

~ .

. s It is reported this plant contai=s atcmic piles aM supplies Sungul. hA * *

~

logical Institute with rad.io-etetive n;aterials. -

to be =maufacturing co=poserts for atca'c vas' pens -Bis plant' 'has been reported. ,

• In tb spri=g of 1953 hw eds of perso=s vere exposed to radiation and "

i=jured as a result of a= e=plcsics at the Kyshty= pla=t.

In early October 1959, an at=mic test reportodly took place in Kyshty=.

After the test, n==h foodst=ffs as meat, fish and =ilh vare re=ored frca the retail otcres la Sver.'.lorsk and Ch 17abi=sh and destroyed. Residents vers ordered to tu. s 12 food stocha is their he=ses. Residents were ssrnei cgai st buying agrie ltural products fram farmers.

6. 1=bor In this 5 i= 1956 there vere military pe'rsonner ft== various ar::7 units and ar=s. With the= 16 lab =r batta11c=s of about 1,000 men each vere activated. -

There vers also 25,000 Soviet soldiers of General Vlaser, who had collaborated vith the Ge.~a=s. These twa vere actually considered as prisoners and vare '

-i l

.likewise orgn=1:ed int:> 1aber battalions. In addition, about 60,000 Soyist *-

\

convicts of both sexes vere employed in the poject. . . . . .

'{. fev Personalities

. .~~

=s_ c- ndentiem "~ ""

' ' ' " ' 9- ..

s. .

m/A .

B. securi y

• Strict securit} observed. Hovement was restricted in the vicinity of the plast.

De surrounding fexces were considerably r==oved fr== the entoWoe itoel.f, but the eztrasces vers oder per:nment s:llita.y gu.ards, Special passes reqd red,

9. Visits by A=erican ama/= vertern otservern '

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l,* .

3 Photos Available 1 .'

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